Papal conclave, 1464

Papal conclave 1464 (August 28 – August 30, 1464) convened after the death of Pope Pius II, elected as his successor cardinal Pietro Barbo, who took the name Paul II.
==List of participants==
Pope Pius II died on August 14, 1464 in Ancona during preparations to the crusade against Ottoman Empire. At the time of his death, there were 29 living cardinals, but only 19 of them participated in the conclave:Salvador Miranda List of participants of papal conclave of 1464.
Elector 	Nationality	Cardinalatial Title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	NotesNotes according to biographical entries of the respective cardinals on The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: consistories of XV Century by Salvador Miranda
Bessarion 	Greek 	Bishop of Frascati; commendatario of SS. XII Apostoli 	1439, December 18 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Latin Patriarch of Constantinople; Titular archbishop of Nicea and Tebe; Cardinal-protector of the Orders of Basilians, Franciscans and Dominicans
Guillaume d'Estouteville, O.S.B.Cluny	French 	Bishop of Ostia e Velletri 	1439, December 18 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Archbishop of Rouen and administrator of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne; Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica; Cardinal-protector of the Order of Augustinians
Juan de Torquemada, O.P. 	Castilian 	Bishop of Sabina 	1439, December 18 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Bishop of Orense
Juan de Carvajal 	Castilian 	Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina; commendatario of S. Lucia in Septisolio 	1446, December 16 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Bishop of Plasencia; Cardinal-protector of Hungary
Ludovico Trevisano 	Venetian 	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso 	1440, July 1 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church; Patriarch of Aquileia; bishop of Cava
Pietro Barbo (elected Pope Paul II) 	Venetian 	Priest of S. Marco 	1440, July 1 	Pope Eugenius IV (Cardinal-nephew) 	Bishop of Vicenza; Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica
Latino Orsini 	Roman 	Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo 	1448, December 20 	Pope Nicholas V 	Administrator of Bari; Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica
Alain de Coëtivy 	French 	Priest of S. Prassede 	1448, December 20 	Pope Nicholas V 	Bishop of Avignon and administrator of Dol
Filippo Calandrini 	Bolognese 	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina 	1448, December 20 	Pope Nicholas V (Cardinal-nephew) 	Grand penitentiary; Bishop of Bologna
Juan de Mella 	Castilian 	Priest of S. Prisca 	1456, December 17 	Pope Callixtus III 	Bishop of Zamora
Giacomo Tebaldi 	Neapolitan 	Priest of S. Anastasia 	1456, December 17 	Pope Callixtus III 	
Richard Olivier de Longueil 	French 	Priest of S. Eusebio 	1456, December 17 	Pope Callixtus III 	Bishop of Coutances
Angelo Capranica 	Roman 	Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme 	1460, March 5 	Pope Pius II 	Bishop of Rieti
Bartolomeo Roverella 	Ferrara 	Priest of S. Clemente 	1461, December 18 	Pope Pius II 	Archbishop of Ravenna; Governor of Benevento
Louis d’Albret 	French 	Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro 	1461, December 18 	Pope Pius II 	Bishop of Cahors
Giacomo Ammanati-Piccolomini 	Siena 	Priest of S. Crisogono 	1461, December 18 	Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew) 	Bishop of Pavia; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Rodrigo Borgia 	Catalonian 	Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano; commendatario of S. Maria in Via Lata	1456, September 17	Pope Callixtus III (Cardinal-nephew)	Protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church; Administrator of Valencia
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini 	Siena 	Deacon of S. Eustachio 	1460, March 5 	Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew) 	Administrator of Siena; Legate in Rome and the Papal States
Francesco Gonzaga 	Mantua 	Deacon of S. Maria Nuova 	1461, December 18 	Pope Pius II 	Bishop of Brixen
Ten electors were Italian, four Spaniards, four French and one Greek. Six were creatures of Pius II, six of Eugenius IV, four of Callixtus III and three of Nicholas V.
==Absentees==
Ten cardinals (over 1/3 of the whole Sacred College) did not participate in this conclave:
Elector 	Nationality	Cardinalatial Title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	Notes
Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. 	French 	Bishop of Albano 	September, 1414 	Antipope John XXIII 	Legate in Avignon; administrator of Lescar and Tarbes
Petrus von Schaumberg 	German 	Priest of S. Vitale 	1439, December 18 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Bishop of Augsburg
Dénes Szécsi 	Hungarian 	Priest of S. Ciriaco 	1439, December 18 	Pope Eugenius IV 	Archbishop of Esztergom; Chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary
Jean Rolin 	French 	Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio 	1448, December 20 	Pope Nicholas V 	Bishop of Autun
Luis Juan del Mila y Borja	Catalonian 	Priest of SS. IV Coronati 	1456, September 17	Pope Callixtus III (Cardinal-nephew)	Bishop of Lerida
Berardo Eroli 	Narni 	Priest of S. Sabina 	1460, March 5 	Pope Pius II 	Bishop of Spoleto; legate a latere in Perugia
Niccolò Fortiguerra 	Pistoia 	Priest of S. Cecilia 	1460, March 5 	Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew) 	Bishop of Teano; Supreme Commander of Papal Fleet
Burkhard von Weisbriach 	German 	Priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo 	1460, March 5 	Pope Pius II 	Archbishop of Salzburg
Jean Joufroy, O.S.B.Cluny 	French 	Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti	1461, December 18 	Pope Pius II 	Bishop of Albi
Jaime Cardona 	Catalonian 	Priest [no title assigned] 	1461, December 18 	Pope Pius II 	Bishop of Urgel
Of the absentee cardinals five were creatures of Pius II, two of Eugenius IV, one of Callixtus III and one of Nicholas V. Pierre de Foix was the last surviving cardinal of the Great Western Schism and was elevated by Pisan Antipope John XXIII. 
Among them there were three French, two Italians, two Germans, two Spaniards and the one Hungarian.
== Candidates to the papacy ==
Bessarion, d'Estouteville, Trevisano, Carvajal, Torquemada and Barbo were mentioned as main papabili in the contemporary reports of the ambassadors and envoys of Italian Princes. Also Calandrini, Roverella and Capranica were referred as possible candidates.Ludwig von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, pp.5-6.
==The election of Pope Paul II==
On the evening August 28 all cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in Vatican, with the exception of ill Cardinal Torquemada, who joined the rest on the following day.
Initially, the electors prepared the conclave capitulation, and subscribed it all except Trevisano. The terms of the capitulation were thefollowing:
*Continue the Crusades against the Ottoman Empire
*Leave Rome only with the consent of the majority of cardinals; the Italian Peninsula with the consent of all
*College of Cardinals limited to 24
*New pope limited to one cardinal-nephew
*Creation of cardinals or advancement of benefices required the consent of the College
The first scrutiny took place on August 30. Cardinal Pietro Barbo received eleven votes, while the remaining fell to Trevisano and d'Estouteville.Francis Burkle-Young “Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Paul II On the following accessus Barbo received three additional votes and was elected Pope. He took the name Paul II,Cardinal Ammanati claimed that Barbo wished at first to be called Formosus ("Beautiful"), but the cardinals objected on the grounds that it might seen as allusion to his good looks. He then changed it to Mark, but cardinals objected again, because "Marco!" was the war-cry of the Republic of Venice. Finally he decided to take the name Paul (L. von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, p. 12). F. Bourkle-Young considers this anecdote untrue and a little bit later protodeacon Rodrigo Borgia announced his election to the people of Rome with the ancient formula Habemus Papam. On September 6 new pope was solemnly crowned in the steps of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Niccolò Fortiguerra, priest of the title of S. Cecilia.Usually the rite of papal coronation was performed by Cardinal Protodeacon, but Rodrigo Borgia fell ill shortly after the election and was not able to do it. Cardinal Fortiguerra, who arrived to Rome when the election was already accomplished, acted as his substitute. L. von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, p. 18
==Notes==
== Sources ==
* Ludwig von Pastor: "History of the popes vol. 4", London 1900
* Salvador Miranda: conclave of 1464
* Francis Burkle-Young “Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Paul II
1464
Category:1464 elections
Category:15th-century Roman Catholicism
Category:15th century in Europe
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