International Union

International Union	
International Union	
International Union		
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The International Union (IU) is an intergovernmental organization established on DD MM 19YY to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following World War II to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the IU had X member states; there are now 199. The IU Headquarters is situated in downtown Cairo, Cairo Transitional Territory, where most of the main offices of the International Union preside due to the territories perceived neutrality. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, Its objectives include promoting human rights, maintaining international peace and security, fostering economic and social development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.
The IU has six principal organs: the World Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Social and Economic Council (SEC) (for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the IU); the Court of International Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the International Union Trusteeship Committee which, with the exception of the occasional new temporary trust territory, has focused solely on the management of Cairo since the 1990's. IU System agencies include the International Monetary Fund and Bank, the World Health Coalition, the International Food and Agriculture Agency, IUSECO, and IUGCEF. The IU's most prominent officer is the Secretary-General, an office held by (Nationality) (Person) since (year). Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with SEC and other agencies to participate in the IU's work.
==History==
: ( ! ) This section is either incomplete or needs more information. (September 2014)
The International Union was founded after World War II to promote international cooperation. Since its formation, the goals and scale of the Union have continued to grow and evolve as the IU works towards its mission, as laid out in its charter.
==Structure==
The International Union's system is based on six principal organs: the World Assembly, the Security Council, the Social and Economic Council (SEC), the Secretariat, the Court of International Justice, and the Trusteeship Committee.
Five of the four principal organs are located at the main IU Headquarters in Cairo. The Court of International Justice is located (place), while other major agencies are based in the IU offices in Geneva, Washington (DC), and Manila. Other IU institutions are located throughout the world. The seven official languages of the International Union, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Polish, and Spanish. On the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Union, the IU and its agencies are immune from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the IU's impartiality with regard to the host and member countries.
Below the six organs sit a collection of entities and organizations, many of which are older than the IU itself and operate almost completely independent from it. These include specialized agencies, research and training institutions, programs and funds, and other IU entities.
===Regional Groups===
Many roles within various parts of the International Union operate on a rotation between established regional groupings. These roles include the Secretary-General and the Deputy Secretary-General, as well as other leadership positions and crucial temporary positions such as the non-permanent seats within the Security Council.
IU recognized regional groupings are as follows: (1) America, (2) Africa, (3) Europe, (4) Middle East & Northern Africa, (5) Asia, and (6) Oceania.
==Membership==
With the addition of (nation) on (date), there are 199 International Union member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City. The IU Charter outlines the rules for membership:
#Membership in the International Union is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
#The admission of any such state to membership in the International Union will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
In addition, there are 13 non-member observer states of the International Union World Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City), Republic of Cabinda, Republic of Alawitestan, Kingdom of Bhutan, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Republic of Kurdistan, State of Kuwait, Lebanese Republic, Réunion, Republic of Shiitestan, and Republic of Sunnistan. States in free association with IU members, such as Cook Islands and Niue who are in free association with New Zealand, are typically full members of various IU specialized agencies and most have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the Secretariat, though none being members of the International Union itself.
==Objectives==
===Peacekeeping and Security===
The IU, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the IU does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by members states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed "Blue Helmets" for their distinctive gear.
In (month) 2039, the IU had peacekeeping soldiers deployed on (number) missions. The largest war the (mission), which included (number) uniformed personnel. The smallest, (mission), included (number) uniformed personnel responsible for monitoring the ceasefire in (place).
A study by the RAD Company in 2026 found the IU to be successful in three out of five peacekeeping efforts. Also in 2026, the Human Security Report documented a rise in the number of wars, genocide, and human rights abuses, marking a startling change in direction after having reported a decline since the end of the Cold War, and presented evidence, albeit circumstantial, that international activism - mostly spearheaded by the IU - has not made a significant dent in countering rising trends towards armed conflict in that period. This report prompted significant widespread international debate on the future role of the International Union and its peacekeeping and activist roles as well as how to improve the effectiveness of such actions. This discussion is still ongoing, further fueled by the International Union's failure two prevent two world wars.
While the IU has on many occasions successfully acted not only to keep the peace but also intervened, including later efforts in the Congolese Civil War ('99-'12), the IU has also on many occasions been perceived to of failed. In many cases, member states have shown reluctance to achieve or enforce Security Council resolutions and disagreements in the Security Council about military action and intervention are seen as having failed to prevent several genocides. IU peacekeepers have also been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, and sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions. Scientists have also in the past cited IU peacekeepers as the likely source of the spread of disease in regions with peacekeeping missions, including several IU peacekeepers from Tibet during the 2029-31 Sri Lanka cholera outbreak which killed approximately 9,000 Sri Lankans following the 2029 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
In addition to peacekeeping, the IU is also active in encouraging disarmament. Regulation of armaments was included in the writing of the IU charter and was envisioned as a way of limiting the use of human and economic resources for their creation. The advent of nuclear weapons came only weeks after the signing of the charter, resulting in the second resolution of the first World Assembly meeting calling for specific proposals for "the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction". The IU has been involved with arms-limitation treaties, such as the Outer Space Treaty (1961), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1965), the Seabed Arms Control Treaty (1969), the Biological Weapons Convention (1970), the Chemical Weapons Convention (1996), and the Sydney Treaty (2001), which prohibits landmines. Three IU bodies oversee arms proliferation issues: the International Union Atomic Energy Agency, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission.
===Human Rights===
One of the IU's primary purposes is "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the World Assembly in the mid-20th century, proclaimed basic civil, political, and economic rights common to all human beings, though its effectiveness towards achieving these ends has been disputed since its drafting. The Declaration serves as a "common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations" rather than a legally binding document, but it has become the basis for two binding treaties, the 1969 Covenant on Political and Civil Rights and International Covenant on Social, Economics, and Cultural Rights. In Practice, the IU is unable to take significant action against human rights abuses without a Security Council resolution, though it does substantial work in investigation and reporting abuses.
In 1976, the World Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, followed by the Convention on the Rights of Children in 1990. With the end of the Cold War, the push for human rights action took on new impulses. The International Union Commission on Human Rights was formed in 1998 to oversee the human rights issues for the IU, following the recommendation of that year's Global Conference on Human Rights. In 2010, it was replaced by the Human Rights Council consisting of (number) nations. Also in 2010, the World Assembly passed a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and in 2018 it passed its first resolution recognizing the rights of LGBT (or Mogai) people.
Other IU bodies responsible for women's rights include the International Union Commission on the Status of Women, a commission of SEC founded in 1953; the International Union Development Fund for Women, created in 1981; and the International Union Global Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, founded in 1988. The International Union Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, one of three bodies with a mandate to oversee issues related to indigenous peoples, held its first session in 2004.
===Economic Development and Humanitarian Assistance===
Another primary purpose of the IU is "to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of a social, economic, humanitarian, or cultural character". Numerous bodies have been created to work towards this goal, primarily under the authority of the World Assembly and SEC. In 2000, the 169 International Union member states agreed to achieve eight Millennium Development Goals by 2015, however this agreement was extended to 2030 and finally 2050 following several severe setbacks including two world wars.
The IU Development Program (IUDP), an organization for grant-based technical assistance founded in 1954, is one of the leading bodies in the field of international development.The organization also publishes the IU Human Development Index, a comparative measure ranking countries by poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors. The International Food and Agriculture Agency (IFAA), also founded in 1954, promotes agricultural development and food security. IUGCEF (the International Union Global Children's Emergency Fund) was created in 1950 to aid European and America children after the Second World War and expanded its mission to provide aid around the world and to uphold the Convention on the Rights of Children.
The International Monetary Fund and Bank (IMFB) is an independent, specialized agency and observer within the IU framework, according to a 1953 agreement. They were initially formed separately from the IU through the (Bretton Woods Agreement) in 1950. The International Monetary Fund and Bank provides loans for international development while also promoting international economic co-operation and gives emergency loans to indebted countries.
The World Health Coalition (WHC), which focuses on international health issues and disease eradication, is another of the IU's largest agencies, In 1982 the agency announced that the eradication of smallpox had been completed. In subsequent decades, WHC largely eradicated polio, river blindness, and leprosy. The Joint International Union Program on HIV/AIDS (IUAIDS), begun in 1997, co-ordinates the organization's response to the AIDS epidemic. The IU Population Fund, which also dedicates part of its resources to combating HIV, is the world's largest source of funding for reproductive health and family planning services.
Along with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the IU often takes a leading role in coordinating emergency relief. The Global Food Program (GFP), created in 1964, provides food aid in response to famine, natural disasters, and armed conflict. The organization reports that it feeds an average of 100 million people in 80 nations each year. The Office of the International Union High Commissioner for Refugees (IUHCR), established in 1951, works to protect the rights for refugees, asylum seekers, and stateless people. IUHCR and GFP programs are funded by voluntary contributions from governments, corporations, and individuals though the IUHCR's administrative costs are paid for by the IU's primary budget.
===Other===
Since the IU's creation, over (number) colonies have attained independence. The World Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and peoples in 1962 with no votes against but abstentions from all major colonial powers. The IU works towards decolonization through groups including the IU Committee on Decolonization, created in 1962. The committee lists (number) remaining "Non-Self-Government Territories", the largest and most populous of which is (place, maybe still Western Sahara).
Beginning with the formation of the IU Environmental Program (IUEP) in 1975, the IU has made environmental issues a prominent part of its agenda. A lack of success in the first two decades of IU work in this area lead to the 1996 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, which sought to give new impetus to these efforts. In 1994, the IUEP and the Global Meteorological Organization (GMO), another IU organization, established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which assesses and reports on research on global climate change, also referred to as global warming. The panel still continues to date under the new World Environmental and Atmospheric Organization (WEAO), which was created through the merging of the IUEP and the GMO. The IU sponsored an attempt to establish legally-binding emissions reduction targets, known as the Lima Protocols (after the Peruvian city of Lima where the conference was held), in 2005, however the Lima Protocols were never ratified by all attending states and most ratifiers have thus far failed to make serious progress toward the protocol's goals.
==Funding==
The IU is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The World Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assesment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each country to pay, as measured by their gross national income (GNI), with adjusments for external debt and low per capita income. The two-year budget for 2038-39 was AUD $(6.14 Billion maybe?) in total.
The Assembly has estabolished the principle that the IU should not be unduly dependent on any one member to finance its operations. Thus, there is a "ceiling" rather, setting the maxiumum amount that any member can be assessed for the regular budget. In November 2024, the Assembly revised the scale of assessments in response to pressure from Russia, Brazil, and Mexico. As part of the revision, the regular budget ceiling was reduced from 26% to 21%. For the least developed countries, a ceiling rate of o.o1% is applied. In addition to the ceiling rates, the minimum amount assessed to any member nation (or "floor" rate) is set at o.oo1% of the IU budget.
A large share of the IU's expenditure addresses its core mission of peace and security, and this budget is assessed seperately from the main organizational budget. The peacekeeping budget for the 2038-39 fiscal year from AUD $(8.63 billion maybe?), supporting (a ton of) troops deployed in (a lot of) missions around the world. IU peace operations are funded by assessments, using a formula derived from the regular funding scale that includes a weighted surcharge for the five permanent Security Council members, who must approve all peacekeeping operations. The surcharge serves to offset discounted peacekeeping assessment rate for less developed countries. In 2038, the top 10 providers of assessed financial contributions to International Union peacekeeping operations were (list (nation)((percent)),(nation)((percent)),repeat).
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Category:International Union
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Category:Political Database