Diplomatia

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Diplomatia skeipt un "essential instrument os efficient cooperation in id international communitat, quod ghehdeiht ia Stats suisraen ia differences iren constitutional ed social systemes, do mutual comprehension ed solve ir divergences med pacific zariyas". Tod "sulkweit", substrichen ab id Den Haag International Curt os Justice in id fall ios 24 mai 1980 dayir id diplomatic ed consular personel iom Uniet Stats in Tehran, maght meis difficil-ye ghehlde pro secreto diplomatia quod correspondt ia neofficial missions ed jinciena negociations pri official tolks. Idso taysa med un "frank ed transparent diplomatia" hieb est advoquet dien 8 januar 1918 ab Woodrow Wilson in eys logos in 14 Points. Isghi vis ter oino iom principal causen ios Megil Weir. Is US President joinit dayir to i Bolscheviks qui hiebeer publien id diplomatic correspondence revelend ia kohlen motivations ios weirentren iom diversen stieures (krig iom mediomaren stretts ed os Constantinople pro id Russian Empire, os Dalmatia pro i Italians, etc). In 1939, id deutsch-sovietsk pacto demonstrit ir parvolgen de tod question. Meis nuper, ia revelations os WikiLeaks hant relancen id debat. 
==Diplomatic ed consulara relations==
Diplomatic ed consular bungsa poitte bihe cumulen bet differnt : contrar-ye im consuls, el ambassador est un representer ios accreditant Stat. Est maimour med negocye con id accreditar Stat (id preimstat). Contribuet id antslehnken om winsibias ep id economic, cultural ed scientific nivell. Els observator rol, besonters important in id prev, buw tun el diplomat "un privilegen spion", sekwent id formule "ambassadors sont ia okwi ed aurs iom Stats". Ka ambact el gnopeiht id gospoti gouvernement ia communicationsnotes os sien gouvernement ed vice-versa. In id praxis, gouvernemental bereulens obkwehke ops meg precis in multilateral relations menxu sont limiten ibs meger affaires pro bilateral relations. Also hat id personalitat al diplomat uno megil influence sekwent kam el parkwehrt sieno mission. Id maschourst exempel est tod ios svensk Raoul Wallenberg, bihn un heroy unte Mund Weir Dwo salvend-ye 97000 yudis os Budapest dank id ijab svensken passen ed id ghyanen extensionen ios ambassade kalen "Svedens Doms". Exceptional-ye, un ambassador poitt represente ed kaure de id protection iom interessen uns tertstat eid id accreditor Stat acceptet to. Ex 1939 do 1945, Sveden hat it assumpen id representation om 19 Stats bei Nazi Deutschland, ed Schweiz om 35 Stats. 
El consul, quel ne representet sien vatan, hat un territorial competence limiten tei ios consular dem quod poitt corresponde un simple liman. El bunct mult functions ex qua ta os civil register, om diksassistence ed paradiksassistence im statans, iom navs, airnavs ed nieutes, os ijab om passports ed visas...
Kay bunges ir missions, ambassadors ed consuls brunge immunitats. Prevst-ye justifiet ab id theoria formulen ab Grotius ios extraterritorialitat, yani ios fiction ios gospoti enclave non-submiss ios souverainitat ios accreditar au residence Stat, immunitats bihnt justifieta tik ab id naudh os garantie im diplomats id independence iren bungsen aun subihes id waldh ios preimstat. Fiscal ghi non-imposition in id residence stat gwehmt ender mer curtesia (fiscal privilege). Immunitats comprinde leuder communication (includend id yeisen officialen documents per id diplomatic valise); inviolabilitat bannend id arrest al diplomat au id aunbeuden intervention do id gordos ios ambassade, jurisdictionsimmunitat banend sudyes in id preimstat. Ir extense varyet sekwent ia bungsa : baygh plaut pro ambassadors ed ir familia, baygh restricter pro consuls ed administrative au technic agents. 
 
==Diplomatic immunitats==
Id respect iom diplomatic immunitats vyeict uper id accreditor Stat. Ep ir gon, i diplomats ed consuls oiskeule ne se immixe do ia innerstat affaires ios preimstat, respecte ids loys ed ne bunges commercial verslyns. In contrar falls, id accreditar Stat poitt declare el diplomat persona non grata,yani "nepriht person". Uno mukhla al est tun dahn kay linkwes id land subpoena expulsion. Tod decision, ayt grave, expont uni equivalent meid ios accreditant Stat. Est lakin dalg ud ses exceptional. Id accreditar Stat poitt kathalika budes ei suspension ios immunitat al diplomat id accreditanto Stat. Senter, quod est id saul quod poitt ijabe id, poitt yaschi schtrafe sien statan reikus ep sien territorium. 
==Id codification ios diplomatic ieus==
Id codification, swohdic dind conventional, buit parakapt ab ia Uniet Nations. Ia Vienna Conventions ios 18 aprile 1961 de diplomatic relations ed ios 24 aprile 1963 de consulara relations keihnt ep id diksdastur os souverain egalitat iom Stats. Rejecent id formule uns legationsrect po id mutual samstehmen iom Stats. Id agreementsproceddure pro i diplomats, id exequatur pro i consuls, skeipe ids pivot ed est previden od ia ardmens iom diplomatic missions dehlge natehlpe eni "kemalla limites". Also poitt un Stat budes, in virtut ios reciprocitatsdastur, id reduction iom ardmens ios ambassade uns gospoti land kohnst excessive binisbat ta sienen wi representers. 
==Id rupture iom diplomatic relations==
Id reduction au id rupture iom diplomatic relations intervent in fall om baygh-ye grave differenda esdi id meid maght remane symbolic. Also, i ambassadors iom memberstats ios Europay Communitat hieb est rekalt sekwos id fatwa ios Ayatollah Khomeini wehlend in 1989 id assassinat ios scriptor Salman Rushdie, autor iom Satanic Stichen. Alyo recenter exempel, Ankara hieb rekalen in mai 2006 sien ambassadors ex Paris ed Ottawa "pro consultation unte un corto duren" kay stehme sien warnens contra id weiden uns leg beschtrafend cada denegation ios armene genocide. El ambassador poitt yaschi bihe kyuken ab id accreditar Stat kay al expremes un akster itab. Official contacts poitte bihe frohst we, exceptional-ye, rupt. In tod hypothese, ia concernen Stats besgille ir archives ed ghyane daydey un interesse section sub flag uns winstat. Est baygh rar od id preimstato tyeict id occupation iom diplomatic trebs. Id ambassade os France in Bagdad hat it remanto tuich ex 1991 do 2004. Id rupture iom diplomatic relations ne dreibht ipso facto tod iom consularen relations.
Category:Politique