North American common lungfish (SciiFii)

The North American common lungfish (Lepidosiren californianus) is a species of lungfish that originally did not exist, but has since been created by SciiFii and introduced throughout the wetlands, lakes, rivers, ponds, and brackish waters across North America to help boost biodiversity. The closest living relative of the North American common lungfish is the South American common lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa) from South America, the only other living member of the family Lepidosirenidae. The immature North American common lungfish is spotted with gold on a black background; in the adult, this fades to a deep brown color. Its tooth-bearing premaxillary and maxillary bones are fused as in all Dipnoi. South American lungfish also share an autostylic jaw suspension (where the palatoquadrate is fused to the cranium) and powerful adductor jaw muscles with the other extant Dipnoi. Like the African lungfishes, this species has an elongated, almost eel-like body. It may reach a length of 125 centimeters (4.10 feet). The pectoral fins are thin and thread-like, while the pelvic fins are somewhat larger, and set far back. The fins are connected to the shoulder by a single bone, which is a marked difference from most fish, whose fins usually have at least four bones at their base, and a marked similarity with nearly all land-dwelling vertebrates. The gills are greatly reduced and essentially non-functional in the adults. Juvenile lungfish feed on insect larvae and snails, while adults are omnivorous, adding algae, crustaceans, and small fish to their diets, crushing them with their heavily mineralized tooth-plates. The fish's usual habitats disappear during the dry season in more arid environments, so they burrow into the mud and make a chamber about 30–50 centimeters (12–20 inches) down, leaving a few holes to the surface for air. During this aestivation, they produce a layer of mucus to seal in moisture, and slow their metabolism down greatly. When the rainy season begins, they come out and begin mating. The parents build a nest for the young, which resemble tadpoles and have four external gills. To enrich the oxygen in the nest, the male develops highly vascularized structures on his pelvic fins that release additional oxygen into the water. The young become air-breathing at about seven weeks. Juveniles have external threadlike gills very much like those of newts. The conservation status of the North American common lungfish is Least Concern due to successful conservation efforts, the North American common lungfish's wide range and its tolerance to many of the human activities.
Category:Animals
Category:Species
Category:SciiFii