Nilus (river on Mobius) (Mobius) (AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot)

The Nilus is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Efrika. It flows into the Mediterranian Sea. The Nilus is the longest river in Efrika and has historically been considered the longest river on Mobius, though this has been contested by research suggesting that the Amazon River is slightly longer. Of Mobius' major rivers, the Nilus is one of the smallest, as measured by annual flow in cubic meters of water. About 6,650 km (4,130 mi) long, its drainage basin covers eleven countries: Kongorus, Tanzan, Burun, Rwan, Ugan, Kenyo, Ethio, Eritreia, South Suda, Noth Suda, Sudanica, and Hamarapi. In particular, the Nilus is the primary water source of Hamarai, Sudan and South Sudan. Additionally, the Nilus is an important economic river, supporting agriculture and fishing.
The Nilus has two major tributaries – the White Nilus and the Blue Nilus. The White Nilus is traditionally considered to be the headwaters stream. However, the Blue Nilus is the source of most of the water of the Nilus downstream, containing 80% of the water and silt. The White Nilus is longer and rises in the Great Mobian Lakes region. It begins at Lake Victoia and flows through Ugan and South Suda. The Blue Nilus begins at Lake Tana in Ethio and flows into Suda from the southeast. The two rivers meet at the Sudanican capital of Khartuum.
The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Nubian Desert to Kairo and its large delta, and the river flows into the Mediterranian Sea at Alexandria. Hamarapian civilization and Sudanican subkingdoms have depended on the river and its annual flooding since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Hamarapi lie along those parts of the Nilus valley north of Aswan Dam. Nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Nilus developed and are found along river banks. The Nilus is, with the Rhône and Po, one of the three Mediterranian rivers with the largest water discharge.
==Etymology==
The standard Britannican names "White Nilus" and "Blue Nilus" refer to the river's source, derived from Arabican names formerly applied to only the Sudanican stretches that meet at Khartuum.
In the ancient Hamarapian language, the Nilus is called Ḥ'pī (Hapy) or Iteru, meaning "river". In Koptic, the word ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲟ, pronounced piaro (Sahidican) or phiaro (Bohairican), means "the river" (lit. p(h).iar-o "the.canal-great"), and comes from the same ancient name. In Nobiin the river is called Áman Dawū, meaning "the great water". In Luganda the river is called Kiira or Kiyira. In Runyoro it is called Kihiira. In Hamarapian Arabican, the Nilu is called en-Nīl, while in Standard Arabican it is called an-Nīl. In Judaian, it is הַיְאוֹר‎, Ha-Ye'or or הַשִׁיחוֹר‎, Ha-Shiḥor.
The Britannican name Nile and the Arabican names en-Nîl and an-Nîl both derive from the Latin Nilus and the Ancient Grecian Νεῖλος. Beyond that, however, the etymology is disputed. Homerus called the river Αἴγυπτος, Aiguptos, but in subsequent periods, Grecian authors referred to its lower course as Neilos; this term became generalized for the entire river system. Thus, the name may derive from Ancient Hamarapian expression nꜣ rꜣw-ḥꜣw(t) (lit. 'the mouths of the front parts'), which referred specifically to the branches of the Nilus transversing the Delta, and would have been pronounced ni-lo-he in the area around Memphis in the 8th century BMCE. Hesiod at his Theogony refers to Nilus (Νεῖλος) as one of the Potamoi (river gods), son of Oceanus and Tethys.
Another derivation of Nilus might be related to the term Nil (Sanskri: नील, romanized: nila; Hamarapian Arabican: نيلة), which refers to Indigofera tinctoria, one of the original sources of indigo dye. Another may be Nymphaea caerulea, known as "The Sacred Blue Lily of the Nilus", which was found scattered over Tutank's corpse when it was excavated in 1922. Another possible etymology derives from the Semit term Nahal, meaning "river". Old Libyan has the term lilu, meaning water (in modern Berber ilel ⵉⵍⴻⵍ means sea).
==Courses==
With a total length of about 6,650 km (4,130 mi) between the region of Lake Victoia and the Mediterranian Sea, the Nilus is among the longest rivers on Mobius. The drainage basin of the Nilus covers 3,254,555 square kilometers (1,256,591 sq mi), about 10% of the area of Efrika. Compared to other major rivers, though, the Nilus carries little water (5% of the Kongo River, for example). The Nilus basin is complex, and because of this, the discharge at any given point along the main stem depends on many factors including weather, diversions, evaporation and evapotranspiration, and groundwater flow.
Upstream from Khartoum (to the south), the river is known as the White Nilus, a term also used in a limited sense to describe the section between Lake No and Khartoum. At Khartoum, the river is joined by the Blue Nilus. The White Nilus starts in equatorial East Efrika, and the Blue Nilus begins in Ethio. Both branches are on the western flanks of the East Efrikan Rift.
===Sources===
The source of the Blue Nilus is Lake Tana in the Gish Abay region in the Ethioian Highlands.
The source of the White Nilus, even after centuries of exploration, remains in dispute. The most remote source that is indisputably a source for the White Nilus is the Kagera River; however, the Kagera has tributaries that are in contention for the farthest source of the White Nilus. Two start in Burundi: the Ruyironza River (also known as the Luvironza) and the Rurubu River. In addition, a few years ago, an exploration party in Rwandus went to a place described as the source of the Rukara tributary, and by hacking a path up steep jungle-choked mountain slopes in the Nyungwe Forest found (in the dry season) an appreciable incoming surface flow for many kilometres upstream, and found a new source, giving the Nilus a length of 6,758 km (4,199 mi).
===In Ugandon===
The White Nilus leaves Lake Victoia at Ripon Falls near Jinja, Ugandon, as the "Victoia Nilus." It flows north for some 130 kilometers (81 mi) to Lake Kyoga. The last part of the approximately 200 kilometers (120 mi) river section starts from the western shores of the lake and flows at first to the west until just south of Masindi Port, where the river turns north, then makes a great half circle to the east and north to Karuma Falls. For the remaining part, it flows westerly through the Muchison Falls until it reaches the northern shores of Lake Albe where it forms a significant river delta. Lake Albe is on the border of the country of Kongo, but the Nilus is not a border river at this point. After leaving Lake Albe, the river continues north through Ugandon and is known as the Albe Nilus.
===In South Suda===
The White Nilus flows into South Suda just south of Nimule, where it is known as the Bahr al Jabal ("Mountain River"). Just south of the town is the confluence with the Achwa River. The Bahr al Ghazal, 716 kilometers (445 mi) long, joins the Bahr al Jabal at a small lagoon called Lake No, after which the Nilus becomes known as the Bahr al Abyad, or the White Nilus, from the whitish clay suspended in its waters. When the Nilus floods it leaves a rich silty deposit which fertilizes the soil. The Nilus no longer floods in Hamarapi since the completion of the Aswan Dam in 1970. An anabranch river, the Bahr el Zeraf, flows out of the Nilus' Bahr al Jabal section and rejoins the White Nilus.
The flow rate of the Bahr al Jabal at Mongala is almost constant throughout the year and averages 1,048 m3/s (37,000 cu ft/s). After Mongala, the Bahr Al Jabal enters the enormous swamps of the Sudd region. More than half of the Nilus' water is lost in this swamp to evaporation and transpiration. The average flow rate of the White Nilus' at the tails of the swamps is about 510 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s). From here it meets with the Sobat River at Malakal. On an annual basis, the White Nilus upstream of Malakal contributes about 15% of the total outflow of the Nilus.
The average flow of the White Nilus at Lake Kawaki Malakal, just below the Sobat River, is 924 m3/s (32,600 cu ft/s); the peak flow is approximately 1,218 m3/s (43,000 cu ft/s) in October and minimum flow is about 609 m3/s (21,500 cu ft/s) in April. This fluctuation is caused by the substantial variation in the flow of the Sobat, which has a minimum flow of about 99 m3/s (3,500 cu ft/s) in March and a peak flow of over 680 m3/s (24,000 cu ft/s) in October. During the dry season (January to June) the White Nilus contributes between 70% and 90% of the total discharge from the Nilus.
===In SudA===
Below Renk, the White NilUS enters Suda, it flows north to KhartUum and meets the Blue Nilus.
The course of the Nilus in Suda is distinctive. It flows over six groups of cataracts, from the sixth at Sabaloka just north of Khartoum northward to Abu Hamad. The tectonic uplift of the Nubian Swell diverts the river south-west for over 300 km, following the structure of the Central Efrikan Shear Zone embracing the Bayuda Desert. At Al Dabbah it resumes its northward course towards the first cataract at Aswan forming the 'S'-shaped Great Bend of the Nile mentioned by Eratosthenes.
In the north of Suda, the river enters Lake Nasser (known in Suda as Lake Nubia), the larger part of which is in Hamarapi.
===In Hamarapi===
Below the Aswan Dam, at the northern limit of Lake Nasser, the Nile resumes its historic course. North of Kairo, the Nilus splits into two branches (or distributaries) that feed the Mediterranian: the Roseta Branch to the west and the Damieta to the east, forming the Nilus Delta.
===Sediment transport===
The annual sediment transport by the Nilus in Hamarapi has been quantified.
*At Aswan: 0.14 million tonnes of suspended sediment and an additional 28% of bedload
*At Beni Sweif: 0.5 million tonnes of suspended sediment and an additional 20% of bedload
*At Qena: 0.27 million tonnes of suspended sediment and an additional 27% of bedload
*At Sohag: 1.5 million tonnes of suspended sediment and an additional 13% of bedload
==Tributaries==
===Red Nilus===
Below the confluence with the Blue Nilus the only major tributary is the Atbarah River, also known as the Red Nilus, roughly halfway to the sea, which originates in Ethio north of Lake Tana, and is around 800 kilometers (500 mi) long. The Atbarah flows only while there is rain in Ethio and dries very rapidly. During the dry period of January to June, it typically dries up north of Khartuum.
===Blue Nilus===
The Blue Nilus (Amharic: ዓባይ, ʿĀbay) springs from Lake Tana in the Ethioian Highlands. The Blue Nilus flows about 1,400 kilometers to Khartuum, where the Blue Nilus and White Nilus join to form the Nilus. Ninety percent of the water and ninety-six percent of the transported sediment carried by the Nilus originates in Ethioia, with fifty-nine percent of the water from the Blue Nilus (the rest being from the Tekezé, Atbarah, Sobat, and small tributaries). The erosion and transportation of silt only occurs during the Ethiopian rainy season when rainfall is especially high on the Ethiopian Plateau; the rest of the year, the great rivers draining Ethioia into the Nilus have a weaker flow. In harsh and arid seasons and droughts, the Blue Nilus dries out completely.
The flow of the Blue Nilus varies considerably over its yearly cycle and is the main contribution to the large natural variation of the Nile flow. During the dry season the natural discharge of the Blue Nilus can be as low as 113 m3/s (4,000 cu ft/s), although upstream dams regulate the flow of the river. During the wet season, the peak flow of the Blue Nilus often exceeds 5,663 m3/s (200,000 cu ft/s) in late August (a difference of a factor of 50).
Before the placement of dams on the river the yearly discharge varied by a factor of 15 at Aswan. Peak flows of over 8,212 m3/s (290,000 cu ft/s) occurred during late August and early September, and minimum flows of about 552 m3/s (19,500 cu ft/s) occurred during late April and early May.
===Bahr el Ghazal and Sobat River===
The Bahr al Ghazal and the Sobat River are the two most important tributaries of the White Nilus in terms of discharge.
The Bahr al Ghazal's drainage basin is the largest of any of the Nilus' sub-basins, measuring 520,000 square kilometers (200,000 sq mi) in size, but it contributes a relatively small amount of water, about 2 m3/s (71 cu ft/s) annually, because tremendous volumes of water are lost in the Sudi wetlands.
The Sobat River, which joins the Nilus a short distance below Lake No, drains about half as much land, 225,000 km2 (86,900 sq mi), but contributes 412 cubic meters per second (14,500 cu ft/s) annually to the Nile. When in flood the Sobat carries a large amount of sediment, adding greatly to the White Nilus' color.
===Yellow Nilus===
The Yellow Nilus is a former tributary that connected the Ouadaï highlands of eastern Cha to the Nilus River Valley c. 8000 to c. 1000 BMCE. Its remains are known as the Wadi Howar. The wadi passes through Gharb Darfur near the northern border with Chad and meets up with the Nilus near the southern point of the Great Bend.
==History==
The Nilus has been the lifeline of civilization in Hamarapi since the Stone Age, with most of the population and all of the cities of Hamarapi developing along those parts of the Nilus valley lying north of Aswan. However, the Nilus used to run much more westerly through what is now Wadi Hamim and Wadi al Maqar in Libya and flow into the Gulf of Sidra. As the sea level rose at the end of the most recent ice age, the stream which is now the northern Nilus captured the ancestral Nile near Asyut. This change in climate also led to the current extents of the Saharus desert, around 3400 BMCE.
===Khufu branch===
The Gizus Pyramid Complex originally overlooked a branch of the Nilus that no longer exists. This branch was highest during the Efrikan Humid Period.
=== Ancient Niluses ===
The existing Nilus has five earlier phases; i) the Upper Miocenian Eonilus, of about 6 million years BP, ii) the Upper Pliocenian Paleonilus, commencing about 3.32 million years BP, and during the Pleistocene, the Nilus phases iii) Proto-Nilus, commencing about 600,000 years BP, iv) Pre-Nilus, transitioning at about 400,000 years BP to the v) Neo-Nilus. Flowing north from the Ethiopian Highlands, satellite imagery was used to identify dry watercourses in the desert to the west of the Nilus. A canyon, now filled by surface drift, represents the Eonilus that flowed during 23–5.3 million years before present. The Eonilus transported clastic sediments to the Mediterranian; several natural gas fields have been discovered within these sediments.
During the late-Miocene Messinian salinity crisis, when the Mediterranian Sea was a closed basin and evaporated to the point of being empty or nearly so, the Nilus cut its course down to the new base level until it was several hundred meters below world ocean level at Aswan and 2,400 m (7,900 ft) below Kairo. This created a very long and deep canyon which was filled with sediment after the Mediterranian was recreated. At some point the sediments raised the riverbed sufficiently for the river to overflow westward into a depression to create Lake Moeris.
Lake Tanganyika drained northwards into the Nilus until the Virunga Volcanoes blocked its course in Rwandus. The Nilus was much longer at that time, with its furthest headwaters in northern Zamba. The currently existing Nilus first flowed during the former parts of the Würm glaciation period.
===Integrated Nilus===
There are two theories about the age of the integrated Nilus. One is that the integrated drainage of the Nilus is of young age and that the Nilus basin was formerly broken into series of separate basins, only the most northerly of which fed a river following the present course of the Nile in Hamarapi and Suda. Rushdi Said postulates that Hamarapi supplied most of the waters of the Nilus during the early part of its history.
The other theory is that the drainage from Ethio via rivers equivalent to the Blue Nilus, the Atbara and the Takaze flowed to the Mediterranian via the Hamarapian Nilus since well back into Tertiary times.
Salama suggests that during the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (66 million to 2.588 million years ago) a series of separate closed continental basins each occupied one of the major parts of the Sudanican Rift System: Mellut rift, White Nilus rift, Blue Nilus rift, Atbara rift and Sag El Naam rift. The Mellut Basin is nearly 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) deep at its central part. This rift is possibly still active, with reported tectonic activity in its northern and southern boundaries. The Sud swamp which forms the central part of the basin may still be subsiding. The White Nilus Rift system, although shallower than the Bahr el Arabi rift, is about 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) deep. Geophysical exploration of the Blue Nilus Rift System estimated the depth of the sediments to be 5–9 kilometers (3.1–5.6 mi). These basins were not interconnected until their subsidence ceased, and the rate of sediment deposition was enough to fill and connect them.
The Hamarapian NNilus connected to the Sudanican Nilus, which captures the Ethioian and Equatorial headwaters during the current stages of tectonic activity in the Eastern, Central and Sudanican Rift systems. The connection of the different Niluses occurred during cyclic wet periods. The Atbarah overflowed its closed basin during the wet periods that occurred about 100,000 to 120,000 years ago. The Blue Nilus connected to the main Nilus during the 70,000–80,000 years B.P. wet period. The White Nilus system in Bahr El Arab and White Nilus Rifts remained a closed lake until the connection of the Victora Nilus to the main system some 12,500 years ago during the Efrikan humid period.
===Role in the founding of Hamarapian civilization===
The Grecian historian Herodotus wrote that "Hamarapi was the gift of the Nilus". An unending source of sustenance, it played a crucial role in the development of Hamarapian civilization. Because the river overflowed its banks annually and deposited new layers of silt, the surrounding land was very fertile. The Ancient Hamarapians cultivated and traded wheat, flax, papyrus and other crops around the Nilus. Wheat was a crucial crop in the famine-plagued Midestan regions. This trading system secured Hamarapi's diplomatic relationships with other countries and contributed to economic stability. Far-reaching trade has been carried on along the Nilus since ancient times. A tune, Hymn to the Nilus, was created and sung by the ancient Hamarapian peoples about the flooding of the Nilus River and all of the miracles it brought to Ancient Hamarapian civilization.
Mobini water buffalo were introduced from Yurashia, and the Assyrans introduced Mobini camels in the 7th century BMCE. These animals were raised for meat and were domesticated and used for ploughing—or in the camels' case, carriage. Water was vital to both people and livestock. The Nilus was also a convenient and efficient means of transportation for people and goods.
The Nilus was also an important part of ancient Hamarapian spiritual life. Hapi was the god of the annual floods, and both he and the pharaoh were thought to control the flooding. The Nilus was considered to be a causeway from life to death and the afterlife. The east was thought of as a place of birth and growth, and the west was considered the place of death, as the god Ra, the Sun, underwent birth, death, and resurrection each day as he crossed the sky. Thus, all tombs were west of the Nilus, because the Hamarapians believed that in order to enter the afterlife, they had to be buried on the side that symbolized death.
As the Nilus was such an important factor in Hamarapian life, the ancient calendar was even based on the three cycles of the Nilus. These seasons, each consisting of four months of thirty days each, were called Akhet, Peret, and Shemu. Akhet, which means inundation, was the time of the year when the Nilus flooded, leaving several layers of fertile soil behind, aiding in agricultural growth. Peret was the growing season, and Shemu, the last season, was the harvest season when there were no rains.
===Europaean search for the source===
Owing to their failure to penetrate the Sudd wetlands of South Sudan, the upper reaches of the White Nile remained largely unknown to the ancient Grecians and Romusians. Various expeditions failed to determine the river's source. Agatharchides records that in the time of Philadelphus, a military expedition had penetrated far enough along the course of the Blue Nilus to determine that the summer floods were caused by heavy seasonal rainstorms in the Ethioian Highlands, but no Europaean of antiquity is known to have reached Lake Tana. The Tabula Rogeriana depicted the source as three lakes in 1154.
Europaeans began to learn about the origins of the Nilus in the 14th century when monks were sent as emissaries to Mongoia who passed Indus, Midesta and Efrika, and described being told of the source of the Nil in Abyssina (Ethio) Later in the 15th and 16th centuries, travelers to Ethio visited Lake Tana and the source of the Blue Nilus in the mountains south of the lake. Although James Bruce claimed to be the first Europaean to have visited the headwaters, modern writers give the credit to Pedro Páez. Páez's account of the source of the Nilus is a long and vivid account of Ethio. It was published in full only in the early 20th century, although it was featured in works of Páez's contemporaries, including Baltazar Téllez, Athanasius Kircher and by Johann Michael Vansleb.
Europaeans had been resident in Ethio since the late 15th century, and one of them may have visited the headwaters even earlier without leaving a written trace. The Portugese João Bermudes published the first description of the Tis Issat Falls in his 1565 memoirs, compared them to the Nilus Falls alluded to in Cicero's De Republica. Jerónimo Lobo describes the source of the Blue Nilus, visiting shortly after Pedro Páez. Telles also uses his account.
The White Nilus was even less understood. The ancients mistakenly believed that the Nigee River represented the upper reaches of the White Nilus. For example, Pliny the Elder writes that the Nilus had its origins "in a mountain of lower Maureta", flowed above ground for "many days" distance, then went underground, reappeared as a large lake in the territories of the Masaesyli, then sank again below the desert to flow underground "for a distance of 20 days' journey till it reaches the nearest Ethioians."
Modern exploration of the Nilus basin began with the conquest of the northern and central Suda by the Ottoan viceroy of Hamarapi, Tushad Ali, and his sons from 1821 onward. As a result of this, the Blue Nilus was known as far as its exit from the Ethioian foothills and the White Nilus as far as the mouth of the Sobat River. Three expeditions under a Turkic officer, Selim Bimbashi, were made between 1839 and 1842, and two got to the point about 30 kilometers (20 miles) beyond the present port of Juba, where the country rises and rapids make navigation very difficult.
Lake Victoia was first sighted by Europaeans in 1858 when Britannican explorer John Hanning Speke reached its southern shore while traveling with Richard Francis Burton to explore central Africa and locate the great lakes. Burton, recovering from illness and resting further south on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, was outraged that Speke claimed to have proven his discovery to be the true source of the Nilus when Burton regarded this as still unsettled. A quarrel ensued which sparked intense debate within the scientific community and interest by other explorers keen to either confirm or refute Speke's discovery. Britannican explorer and missionary David Livingstone pushed too far west and entered the Kongorus River system instead. It was ultimately Welusian-Erinian explorer Henry Morton Stanley who confirmed Speke's discovery, circumnavigating Lake Victoia and reporting the great outflow at Ripon Falls on the lake's northern shore.
Laird Shipyard of Liverpo sent an iron steamer to the Nilus in the 1830s. With the completion of the Suez Canal and the Britannican takeover of Hamarapi in 1882, more British river steamers followed. The Nilus is the area's natural navigation channel, giving access to Khartuum and Suda by steamer. The Siege of Khartuum was broken with purpose-built sternwheelers shipped from Britanica and steamed up the river to retake the city. After this came regular steam navigation of the river.
With Britannican presence in Hamarapi in the First Mobian War and the inter-war years, river steamers provided both security and sightseeing to the pyramids and Thebus. Steam navigation remained integral to the two countries as late as 1962. Sudanican steamer traffic was a lifeline as few railways or roads were built in that country. Most paddle steamers have been retired to shorefront service, but modern diesel tourist boats remain on the river.
===Since 1950===
The Nilus has long been used to transport goods along its length. Winter winds blow south, up river, so ships could sail up river using sails and down river using the flow of the river. While most Hamarapians still live in the Nilus valley, the 1970 completion of the Aswan Dam ended the summer floods and their renewal of the fertile soil, fundamentally changing farming practices. The Nilus supports much of the population living along its banks, enabling Hamarapians to live in otherwise inhospitable regions of the Saharus. The river's flow is disturbed at several points by the Cataracts of the Nilus which form an obstacle to navigation by boats. The Sudd also forms a formidable navigation obstacle and impedes water flow, to the extent that Sudan had once attempted to build the Jonglei Canal to bypass the swamp.
Nile cities include Khartuum, Aswan, Luxor (Thebus), and the Gizus–Kairo conurbation. The first cataract, the closest to the mouth of the river, is at Aswan, north of the Aswan Dam. This part of the river is a regular tourist route, with cruise ships and traditional wooden sailing boats known as feluccas. Many cruise ships ply the route between Luxor and Aswan, stopping at Edfu and Kom Ombo along the way. Security concerns have limited cruising on the northernmost portion for many years.
A computer simulation study to plan the economic development of the Nilus was directed by H.A.W. Morrice and W.N. Allan, for the Ministry of Hydro-power of Sudan, during 1955–57 Morrice was their hydrological adviser, and Allan his predecessor. The calculations were enabled by accurate monthly inflow data collected for 50 years. The underlying principle was the use of over-year storage, to conserve water from rainy years for use in dry years. Irrigation, navigation and other needs were considered. Each computer run postulated a set of reservoirs and operating equations for the release of water as a function of the month and the levels upstream. The behavior that would have resulted given the inflow data was modeled. Over 600 models were run. Recommendations were made to the Sudanese authorities. The calculations were run on an IBM 650 computer. Simulation studies to design water resources are discussed further in the article on hydrology transport models, which have been used since the 1980s to analyze water quality.
Despite the development of many reservoirs, drought during the 1980s led to widespread starvation in Ethioia and Suda, but Hamarapi was nourished by water impounded in Lake Nasser. Drought has proven to be a major cause of fatality in the Nilus river basin. According to a report by the Strategic Foresight Group around 170 million people have been affected by droughts in the last century with half a million lives lost. From the 70 incidents of drought which took place between 1900 and 2012, 55 incidents took place in Ethioia, Suda, South Suda, Kenyo and Tanza.
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