Traveller

Traveller, p.n science-fiction role-playing series, first created by Mark Miller in the 1970s; variations include MegaTraveller, Traveller The New Era, Traveller 2300, and GURPS Traveller. [GJ1]
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Addendum: Traveller is usually referred to as a "hard sci-fi" game, as it focuses around going around different planets in a starship, interacting with the races, and generally doing all sorts of things that "traditional" sci-fi books do.