Roman Respublic

Respublic gwehmt ex id Latin res publica = public re. Idswo Stat eet opsst-ye kalt kam sieno nagor : Roma, dind, ab -80, prehpt id acronym SPQR pro Senatus PopulusQue Romanus ("id Senat ed id Roman Popule"), sessiet-yod nuden tiel id regne os Cesar Constantinus (in-kap IVt secule pos JC). 
Legend tarikhet id dehti os Rome ab Romulus tsay do 753 pre JC. Historic-ye, Rome est in-kap uno modeste varosch os central Italia. Ye id cultural nivell, est dilen inter id influence ios original civilisation im Etrusken, sien norder niebern, ed id arg iom hellen citads os Sud Italia. 
Dominet ab iens etruskens roys ye id VIIim secule pre JC, diu menacet ab ia ghyorirks perambh id, eti harpt ab un gallic incursion in 390-386 pre JC, id auwal Rome deulct sien resistence imkans dank sienum nowngminenfolko quod dadwt excellent soldats. Eni id quader uns defensive strategia, id submitt ithan ein pos eino sien turbulent niebers hina hassile, in-kap id IIIt secule pre JC, id fangh uper id major part ios Italian peninsule.
==Ia institutions ios Roman Respublic (509-27 pre JC)==
In -509, i Romans chasse iom senst etrusk roy ed proclame id Respublic. Rome tun organiset-se politic-ye. Eet, auwal-ye, wanact ab id aristocratia iom megil familias, iens patricians, quom chefs oiskip un concil : id Senat. Ies Romans quoy ne eent patricians, id pledveh, eent amalan beghis politic rects. In id druna iom Vt ed IVt secules pre JC, id long jidal tos pledveh kay accedde plen civstand waust do id effective enplacen ios Respublic. 
Ye id IIIt secule pre JC, souverainitat bayght in theoria wiswens civs samghaten do assemblees : ia Comitia. In druve, id waldho lyehct inter ia ghesors om elegen magistrats, ex quens ies importantsti sont ies dwo consuls, druv raysi udnovim cadayar. Id Senat, skipt ab prever magistrats, gweupt vyigic maghs ed behandt uno megil moral autoritat : representet id posdehrjen iom traditions ed id continuitat os Rome. Quayque est neid scriben Constitution, id systeme ios Respublican Rome behrt ja id pregen os un juridisme quod future-ye remansiet id positivest brinegh im Romans ei civilisation ios antique mund. 
 
Id Roman Forum (Latin : Forum Romanum), eet id central point ios politic, economic, cultural ed religieus gwit os Rome in Antiquitat. Lyehct in iu dener inter ia tri clins Capitolin, Palatin ed Esquilin ed eet id loc multen public imaras ed monuments.
==Un kreigerstieure==
Tod regime, quod est typic-ye tod os un civitat à la hellen, ne vaht lakin resiste ia consequences siens gospoti siyassa. Inghi Sicilia, id roman exspansion hat oistus protie ia interesses ios staur maritim citad Carthage (lyehgend nieb id hoydic Tunis). Id sehkwndo drehden quod duret ex -264 do -146 (ia "ponnim Weirs") consecret ne tik id triumph os Rome, beghapt samt mahibe heir ed flotte, sontern yaschi duct ei installation om roman provinces in Espania, in Sud Gallia (Provincia, nundiens "Provence"), in Nord Africa. 
Biht un augos, id Roman Respublic intervent, in Orient, do ia cheids iom Hellenistic roys. Unte minter quem dwo secules, id kreict id hol Mediomar peripheria ed impont sien domination, in Occident, tiel id Nord Mar. 
Un tem gigantesk exspansion ios Roman fangh dreibht un adstrohm os opnos, social taraghs, un transformation iom mores acceleren ab id en masse ghyahsa ei Hellenistic cultural influence. Id respublican politic systeme, concepen pro un civitat, obkwehct stets inadaptet uni territorial waldhi tem plaut quem ei "gnohni mund". Ye id 1sto secule pre JC, crises succedde mutu, nukten ab coup-d'etats ed civil weirs. Kneigvend ep un professionalisen armee, ies politic-militar chefs oispehrde po magh, bustighend ia pledveh mutalbas contra un Senat amend ia respublican institutions, bet profund-ye conservative.
 Probable bust os Iulius Caesar, bohrct ex id Rhone, nieb Arles (Sud France), ed sculpt unte eyso jumiung in -46. Id exceptional meinyun os Caius Iulius Caesar (-100 / -44) preg id romano mund : ambitieus ed brilliant, is knigv ep id reformator ed demagog movment pro sien politic ascension; mahir stratege ed tactician, is extens ia roman grances tiel id Rhen ed id Atlantic Ocean kreigend-ye Gallia, poskwo nud sien legions kay lambhnes id magh. Is taukilih-se jumiung dictator, ed buit assassinen lyt serter ab un conspiration senatoren. Buit diviniset ed eys adoptive son Octavius, victor os Marcus Antonius, parakiep id reforme ios Roman Respublic, quod buit vitayt ab id Roman Imperium.
==Ex id Respublic do id Imperium==
Medsu id 1sto secule pre JC, Iulius Caesar, kreiger os Gallia, vincus in Orient sien rival Pompeius, tentet transforme id regime, pos imponus sien dictature. Accusen ob bihskwe roy, is biht assassint, victim uns complot in -44, lakin ies respublican conservatives hant neid programme.
 Id Roman civil weir buit id complexe ed confus historic periode inter -44 ed -30 quod hieb inkapen med id assassinat os Caesar ed ensit med id Actium boi. Unte tod prist alterneer-se phases om weirs, inter Marcus Antonius, iom mahirst om Caesars lieutenants, ed iom hered ios dictator, Octavius, ed om nasuk playcts. Unte oin om senter phases, bo rivals kamyieb destruge id respublican faction iom caesaricides in id Philippi boi.
Tod map deict id Roman Respublic ed ia nieber rigs pos id Brindisi pace in -40. In purpwr : territoria os Octavius, brun : os Lepidus; glend : Marcus Antonius; Italia : smyohrt ab iens tri; blou : Sextus Pompeius; orange : client-rigs os Rome.
Bad, ia hegemonic intentions os Octavius ed id incoherent ed orientalisant siyassa os Marcus Antonius in favor ias rayn os Misr Kleopatra buw nevergible un final drehden in -31/-30 quod se conclus med id marloubia ed nehc em senters ed med id definitive uperwaldh os Octavius, ghohd-yos jaldi reorganise id Roman Stat ponend-ye ia bases ios Imperium.
Ye id termin unios nov civil weir, Octavius, grandnepot os Caesar, institute, aun abolihes formal-ye id Respublic, id nov meis adaptet politic regime quod kalmos id "Roman Imperium". Sub id nam Augustus, quod is algvt ud id Senat, is biht, in -27, is prest roman cesar.
Category:Historia