Northmen

The Northmen, also known as the Free Men of the North, were a race of Men from northern Middle-earth that lived around Rhovanion, and were friendly to Gondor.
== History ==
The Northmen who dwelt east of the Greenwood and other parts of Rhovanion were friendly to the Dúnedain and were, after the Dúnedain, some of the most noble Men in Arda. They were known as Middle Men by the Dúnedain, and were believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the Edain, the Atanatári. The only difference was that they did not cross the Blue Mountains into Beleriand, and therefore did not journey to Númenor. The result of them not participating in the war against Morgoth was their considerably shorter lifespan; the lifespan of the Dúnedain being lengthened by the Valar after the War of Wrath.
In the Third Age they were important allies of Gondor and served as a buffer against the Easterlings and other foes. For a time many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the River Anduin.
The main Northmen principalities lay east of Greenwood and in the centuries when Gondor's power was at its height the Northmen flourished under its protection. In the fourteenth century of the Third Age, King Rómendacil II of Gondor sent his son Valacar as an ambassador to Vidugavia, the so-called "King of Rhovanion". Valacar loved Rhovanion and the daughter of the King, Vidumavi. He married her and she bore him a son whom she called Vinitharya in her mother tongue. In Gondor, Vinitharya became known as King Eldacar and caused a civil war, the Kin-strife, because of his mixed Dúnedain/Northmen blood.
In the 19th century of the Third Age a group of Northmen, who called themselves the Éothéod, moved to the Vales of Anduin between the Gladden Fields and Mirkwood, fleeing from the Wainriders, who had enslaved much of the people of Rhovanion. After the Witch-realm of Angmar was defeated by Gondor and the remains of Arnor, the Éothéod moved north in TA 1977 to the land near the sources of the Anduin. They were skilled horse breeders and horsemen. In TA 2510 they responded to a plea of help from Gondor against the Balchoth, rescuing the trapped Gondorian army at the Battle of the Field of Celebrant. After they helped Gondor win this important victory, they were rewarded the province of Calenardhon and became known as the Rohirrim.
The Men of Dale and Lake-town were also counted under the Northmen, as were the Woodmen of Mirkwood and Rohirrim of Rohan. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the Great Plague and the Wars of the Wainriders. Their range was extremely wide; the Men of the North ranged from the western eaves of Mirkwood to the southern slopes of the Grey Mountains and from the Long Lake to Dorwinion on the Sea of Rhûn.
In The Hobbit, these Men carved out a potentially precarious living in the eaves of Mirkwood, living as hunters, loggers, trappers, and fishermen on the Anduin and its tributaries. They also lived in constant fear of attack from Dol Guldur.
==Languages==
In the Third Age, the Northmen spoke the Common Speech, however, they also had native languages. For example, the Rohirrim spoke Rohanese, for which J.R.R. Tolkien appears to have been inspired by Old English, seeing names like "Éowyn" and "Thengel". Whereas the Bardings and Woodmen spoke a similar language to the Men of Rohan in terms of gross language group, as seen in Old Norse names (akin to Old English and Norse being in the same language group), i.e. the name "Brand" translating to "torch". The language was not similar to Khuzdûl; rather the Dwarf names appearing in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are Dwarf names given in the Northern language of the Dale-men and Lake-men, not the native Dwarf language. They never shared languages with the Elves or with their Western, Southern, and Eastern counterparts; other than Westron.
==Translations==
Foreign Language 	Translated name
Afrikaans 	Noordelike mense
Albanian 	Njerëzit e veriut
Amharic 	ሰሜን ሰዎች
Arabic 	أهل الشمال
Armenian 	Հյուսիսային մարդիկ
Azerbaijani 	Şimali insanlar
Basque 	Iparraldeko jendea
Belarusian Cyrillic	Людзі Поўначы
Bengali 	উত্তরাঞ্চলের মানুষ
Bulgarian Cyrillic 	Северни хора
Cambodian 	ប្រជាជនខាងជើង។
Catalan 	Homes del Nord
Chinese 	北方人
Croatian 	Sjeverni ljudi
Czech 	Severní lidé
Danish 	Nordlige mennesker
Dutch 	Noordelijke mensen
Esperanto 	Homoj de la Nordo
Estonian 	Põhjainimesed
Faroese 	Norðmenn
Finnish 	Pohjalaiset
French 	Hommes du Nord
Frisian 	Noardlike minsken (Western)
Galician 	Homes do Norte
Georgian 	ჩრდილოელი ხალხი
German 	Nordmenschen
Greek 	Άνθρωποι του βορρά
Gujarati 	ઉત્તરીય લોકો
Hebrew 	אנשי הצפון
Hindi 	उत्तर के लोग
Hmong 	Cov neeg qaum teb
Hungarian 	Északi emberek
Icelandic 	Norðmenn
Indonesian 	Orang utara
Irish Gaelic 	Daoine ó thuaidh
Italian 	Uomini del Nord
Japanese 	北部の人々
Kannada 	ಉತ್ತರ ಜನರು
Kazakh 	Солтүстік халықтар (Cyrillic) Soltüstik xalıqtar (Latin)
Konkani 	उत्तरेकडले दादले
Korean 	북부 사람들
Kyrgyz Cyrillic 	Эли Түндүк
Laotian 	ປະຊາຊົນພາກ ເໜືອ
Latvian 	Ziemeļnieku cilvēki
Lithuanian 	Šiaurinis žmonių
Luxembourgish 	Nërdlechen Leit
Macedonian Cyrillic	Луѓе од Северот
Malagasy 	Olona avaratra
Malaysian 	Orang utara
Marathi 	उत्तर लोक
Mongolian Cyrillic 	Хойд хүмүүс
Nepalese 	उत्तरी मानिसहरु
Norwegian 	Nordlige mennesker
Pashto 	شمالي خلک
Persian 	مردم شمالی
Polish 	Północny ludzie
Portuguese 	Homens do Norte
Punjabi 	ਉੱਤਰੀ ਲੋਕ
Romanian 	Oamenii de la Miazănoapte
Russian 	Северяне
Scottish Gaelic 	Muinntir a tuath
Serbian 	Људи од Севера (Cyrillic) Ljudi od Severa (Latin)
Sicilian 	Omini dû Nord
Sindhi 	اتر جا ماڻھو
Sinhalese 	උතුරු ජනතාව
Slovak 	Severné ľudia
Slovenian 	Severni ljudje
Spanish 	Hombres del Norte
Swahili 	Watu wa Kaskazini
Swedish 	Norra människor
Tajik Cyrillic 	Мардуми шимолӣ
Tamil 	வடக்கு மக்கள்
Telugu 	ఉత్తర ప్రజలు
Thai 	คนเหนือ
Turkish 	Kuzey insanlar
Ukrainian Cyrillic 	Північні люди
Urdu 	شمالی لوگ
Uzbek 	Чимолий одамлар (Cyrillic) Shimoliy odamlar (Latin)
Vietnamese 	Người miền bắc
Welsh 	Gogledd pobl
Yiddish 	צאָפנדיק מענטשן
de:Nordmenschen
es:Hombres
fr:Hommes du Nord
it:Uomini del Nord
pl:Nortowie
ru:Северяне
Category:Middle Men