East-West Road

The East-West Road,The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Shadow of the Past", p. 43 also known as the Great RoadThe Return of the King, "Appendix A", p. 1039 or East Road,The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Conspiracy Unmasked", p. 66 was a dwarven-made road stretching from the Tower Hills to the Misty Mountains, ending near the High Pass.The Atlas of Middle-earth, Regional Maps, "The Misty Mountains" 
However, by the end of the Third Age,Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull, The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, "The Maps of The Lord of the Rings"The History of Middle-earth, Vol. VII: "The Treason of Isengard", chapter XV, "The First Map of The Lord of the Rings" the only frequently used portion of the road was the sliver that passed through the Shire.
==History==
=== First Age ===
The Dwarves built the East-West Road sometime in the First Age. In The Silmarillion, it is mentioned that the Dwarves had created "a great road that passed under the shoulders of Mount Dolmed … crossing the Gelion at Sarn Athrad."The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter X: "Of the Sindar" This road was soon named the Dwarf-road and was constructed shortly after the meeting between the Dwarves and the Sindar Elves in Beleriand in the year YT 1250. The portion of this road to the east of the Blue Mountains was built in the First Age and connected the Dwarf cities of Nogrod and Belegost with Khazad-dûm and the east.
After the First Age, the Dwarf-road was destroyed—along with the rest of Beleriand—during the War of Wrath. However, most of the road through Eriador survived the devastation, although it's western end was obliterated by the formation of the Gulf of Lune. It is not known how heavily it was used after the ruin of Nogrod and Belegost. 
=== Third Age===
When Arnor was established, the north-kingdom took over the preservation of the East-West Road, instituting several fortifications on or near it—including the Tower of Amon Sûl. In addition to the fortifications, Arnor expanded/constructed bridges over the rivers Brandywine and Mitheithel. After Arnor split in TA 861, the East-West Road formed the border separating two of Arnor's successor states, Cardolan and Rhudaur.
By the time of the War of the Ring in the late Third Age, the East-West Road passed through the territory of the Shire, but was little used, save by local traffic of Hobbits and Dwarves travelling between the Blue Mountains and Lonely Mountain. 
After the Great War of the Ring, the part of the East-West Road that ran through the Shire became prohibited to Men, following King Elessar's proclamation.
==Translations==
Foreign Language 	Translated name
Afrikaans 	Groot Oostelike Pad
Albanian 	Rruga e Madhe lindore
Amharic 	ታላቁ የምስራቃዊ መንገድ
Arabic 	الطريق الشرقي العظيم
Armenian 	Մեծ Արեւելյան ճանապարհը
Assamese 	গ্ৰেট ইষ্টাৰ্ণ ৰোড
Azerbaijani 	Böyük şərq yolu
Basque 	Ekialdeko errepide bikaina
Belarusian Cyrillic	Вялікі Усход дарога
Bengali 	গ্রেট ইস্ট রোড
Bhojpuri 	ग्रेट ईस्टर्न रोड के बा
Bosnian 	Veliki istok ceste
Bulgarian Cyrillic 	Велик Източен път
Cambodian 	ផ្លូវខាងកើតដ៏អស្ចារ្យ
Catalan 	Gran Orient Carretera
Cebuano 	Maayo sidlakan dalan
Chinese 	伟大的东路
Corsican 	Grande Strada Orientale
Croatian 	Velika istočna cesta
Czech 	Velká východní silnice
Danish 	Østvejen
Dutch 	Grote Oosterweg
Esperanto 	Granda orienta Vojo
Estonian 	Suur Ida Tee
Filipino 	Dakilang Silangan Daan
Finnish 	Suuri itäinen tie
French 	Grande Route de l'Est
Frisian 	Grutte Eastwei (Western)
Galician 	Gran estrada ao leste
Georgian 	დიდი აღმოსავლეთი გზა
German 	Große Oststraße
Greek 	Μεγάλη Ανατολική Οδό
Gujarati 	ગ્રેટ ઇસ્ટ રોડ
Hebrew 	כביש מזרחי גדול
Hindi 	महान पूर्वी सड़क
Hungarian 	Nagy Keleti út
Icelandic 	Frábær austurvegur
Indonesian 	Jalan timur yang bagus
Italian 	Grande Strada Orientale
Japanese 	グレートイーストロード
Javanese 	Agung Wetan dalan
Kannada 	ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ರೋಡ್
Kazakh 	Ұлы Шығыс жолы (Cyrillic) Ulı Şığıs jolı (Latin)
Korean 	위대한 동쪽 도로
Konkani 	ग्रेट ईस्टर्न रोड
Kurdish 	ڕێگای گەورەی ڕۆژهەڵات (Sorani) Mezin Rohilat Rê (Kurmanji)
Kyrgyz Cyrillic 	Улуу Чыгыш жол
Latin 	Magnam viam orientalem
Latvian 	Lielais Austrumu Ceļš
Lithuanian 	Puikus rytinio kelio
Macedonian Cyrillic	Велики Источен Пат
Malayalam 	ഗ്രേറ്റ് ഈസ്റ്റേൺ റോഡ്
Malaysian 	Jalan besar Timur
Maltese 	Triq il-lvant kbira
Marathi 	महान पूर्वेकडील रस्ता
Mongolian Cyrillic 	Агуу их Зүүн Зам
Nepalese 	ग्रेट ईस्टर्न रोड
Norwegian 	Flott Østvei
Pashto 	لوی ختیځ سړک
Persian 	جادهٔ بزرگ شرق
Polish 	Wschodni Gościniec
Portuguese 	Grande estrada do leste
Punjabi 	ਮਹਾਨ ਪੂਰਵੀ ਸੜਕ
Romanian 	Drumul Mare de Est
Russian 	Великий Восточный Тракт
Sanskrit 	महान् पूर्वी मार्ग
Serbian 	Сјајно Исток Пут (Cyrillic) Sjajno Istok Put (Latin)
Sindhi 	زبردست اوڀر روڊ
Sinhalese 	මහා නැගෙනහිර පාර
Slovak 	Veľká Východná cesta
Slovenian 	Velika Vzhodna cesta
Spanish 	Gran Camino Este
Swahili 	Barabara kuu Mashariki
Swedish 	Stor Öst Väg
Tajik Cyrillic 	роҳҳои бузурги шарқӣ
Tamil 	பெரிய கிழக்கு சாலை
Telugu 	గ్రేట్ ఈస్ట్ రోడ్
Thai 	ถนนสายตะวันออกที่ดี
Turkish 	Büyük Doğu Yolu
Turkmen 	Beýik Gündogar ýoly
Ukrainian Cyrillic 	Велика Східна дорога
Urdu 	عظیم مشرق روڈ
Uzbek 	Буюк Чарқ йўли (Cyrillic) Buyuk Sharq yo'li (Latin)
Vietnamese 	Đường lớn phía đông
Welsh 	Ffordd Dwyrain Mawr
Yiddish 	גרויס מזרח וועג
==References==
fr:Grande Route de l'Est
it:Grande Via Est
nl:Grote Oosterweg
pl:Wschodni Gościniec
Category:Roads
Category:The Shire
Category:Eriador
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