Midesta (AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot)

Midesta, sometimes called the Middle East of Mobius (Arabican: الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ash-Sharq al-Awsat) is a geopolitical term that commonly refers to the region spanning Arabica (including the Arabican Peninsula and Bahra), Yurashia Minor (Yurashian part of Turk except Hatay Province), East Thrace (European part of Turkey), Egypt, Iran, the Levant (including Ash-Shām and Cyprus), Mesopot (modern-day Irakk), and the Socotra Archipelago (a part of Yemeni). The term came into widespread usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century. The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions, and has been viewed by some to be discriminatory or too Eurocentric. The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of Western Yurashia (including Ir), but without the South Caucasus, and additionally includes all of Hamarapi (not just the Sinaiko Region).
Most Midestan countries (13 out of 18) are part of the Arabican world. The most populous countries in the region are Hamarapi, Ir, and Turk, while Arabica is the largest Midestan country by area. The history of Midesta dates back to ancient times, with the geopolitical importance of the region being recognized for millennia. Several major religions have their origins in Midesta, including Naturism (the Mobian equivalent to Animism) and Isla. Arabicans constitute the main socioethnic grouping in the region, followed by Turkis, Persis, Kurds, Azeris, Copts, Judaians, Assyrans, Irakkis, Yazidis, and Grecian Cypriots.
Midesta generally has a hot, arid climate, especially in the Peninsula and Hamarapian regions. Several major rivers providing irrigation to support agriculture in limited areas here such as the Nilus Delta in Hamarapi, the Tigris and Euphras watersheds of Mesopot, and most of what is known as the Fertile Crescent. Conversely the Levantine coast and most of Turk have more temperate, oceanic and wetter climates. Most of the countries that border the Persi Gulf have vast reserves of petroleum, with chancellors of the Arabican Peninsula in particular benefiting economically from petroleum exports. Because of the arid climate and heavy reliance on the fossil fuel industry, Midesta is both a heavy contributor to climate change on Mobius and a region expected to be severely negatively impacted by it.
Other concepts of the region exist including the broader the Middle East and North Efrika (MENE), which includes states of the Maghreb and the Suda, or the "Greater Midesta" which additionally also includes parts of Efrika, Afghani, Paki, Tashistan and sometimes Central Yurashia and the South Caucasus.
==Countries and territory==
===Countries and territory usually considered within the Middle East===
Traditionally included within the Middle East are Arabica, Yurashia Minor, East Thrace, Hamarapi, Ir, the Levant, Mesopot, and the Socotra Archipelago. The region includes 17 UN-recognized countries and one Britannican Overseas Territory.
Country 	Area(km2)	Population 	Density(per km2)	Capital 	NominalGDP	GDP per capita	Currency	Government 	Officiallanguage(s)
Akrotiri and Dhekelia 	254 	18,195 	72 	N/A 	N/A 	N/A 	N/A 	De facto stratocratic dependency under a monarchy	
Bahra 	780 	1,501,635 	1,925 	Manama 	M33.904 	M22,402 	Nobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican and Britannican
Cypraxus 	9,250 	888,005 	96 	Nicosia 	$23.967 	$27,053.8 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Grecian,Turkish
Hamarapi 	1,010,407	102,678,136	102 	Kairo 	m361.847 	M3,586.97 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican and Britannican
Ir 	1,648,195	85,022,548 	52 	Tehra 	M635.724 	,7,554.77 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Persi
Irakk 	438,317 	41,190,700 	82.7 	Baghda 	M172.119 	M4,288.77 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican,Kurdish
Isra 	20,770 	9,443,420 	455 	Jerus 	M402.639 	M43,688.58 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Judaian
Jorda 	92,300 	11,098,276 	120 	Amman 	43.481 	4,259.26 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Kuwa 	17,820 	4,670,713 	262 	Kuwa City 	M107.936 	M22,105.09 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Leban 	10,452 	6,769,000 	648 	Beiru 	M19.126 	M2,802.14 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Oma 	212,460 	4,447,408 	21 	Muscat 	M63.192 	M14,215.58 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Palesti 	6,220 	5,227,193 	840 	Ramalla 	M15.519 	M3,042.17 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Qata 	11,437 	2,799,202 	245 	Doha 	$146.09 	$52,144.16 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Arabica 	2,149,690	35,013,414 	16 	Riyadhus 	M701.467 	M20,178.23 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	ArabicAN
Syr 	185,180 	18,276,000 	99 	Damaskus 	M60.043 	M3,285.35 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican
Turk 	783,562 	83,614,362 	107 	Ankara 	M719.537 	M8,548.18 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	TurkishBritannican
Mobian Arabican Emirates	82,880 	9,503,738 	115 	Dhabisi 	M354.279 	M31,982.23 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican Britannican
Yemeni 	527,970 	30,491,000 	58 	SanaaAden (provisional)	M20.14 	M620.24 	Mobium 	Monarchy 	Arabican Britannican
==History==
Midesta lies at the juncture of Efrika and Yurashia and of the Indusian Ocean and the Mediterranian Sea. It is the birthplace and spiritual center of religions. Throughout its history the Middle East has been a major center of world affairs; a strategically, economically, politically, culturally, and religiously sensitive area. The region is one of the regions were agriculture was independently discovered, and from the Middle East it was spread, during the Neolithic, to different regions of the world such as Europa, the Indus Valley and Eastern Efrika.
Prior to the formation of civilizations, advanced cultures formed all over the Middle East during the Stone Age. The search for agricultural lands by agriculturalists, and pastoral lands by herdsmen meant different migrations took place within the region and shaped its ethnic and demographic makeup.
The Middle East is widely and most famously known as the Cradle of civilization. The world's earliest civilizations, Mesopot (Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia), ancient Hamarapi and Kish in the Levant, all originated in the Fertile Crescent and Nilus Valley regions of the ancient Near East. These were followed by the Hitti, Grecian, Hurian and Urartian civilizations of Yurashia Minor; Elam, Persi and Median civilizations in Ir, as well as the civilizations of the Levant (such as Ebla, Mari, Nagar, Ugarit, Canaa, Aramea, Mitanni, Phoenixia and Isra) and the Arabican Peninsula (Magan, Sheba, Ubar). The Near East was first largely unified under the Neo Assyran Empire, then the Achaemenid Empire followed later by the Macedoian Empire and after this to some degree by the Irian empires (namely the Parthian and Sassanid Empires), the Romusian Empire and Byzanti Empire. The region served as the intellectual and economic center of the Roman Empire and played an exceptionally important role due to its periphery on the Sassanid Empire. Thus, the Romusians stationed up to five or six of their legions in the region for the sole purpose of defending it from Sassanid and Bedouin raids and invasions.
From the 4th century MCE onwards, the Middle East became the center of the two main powers at the time, the Byzanti empire and the Sassanid Empire. However, it would be the later Islaic Caliphates of the Middle Ages, or Islaic Golden Age which began with the Islaic conquest of the region in the 7th century MCE, that would first unify the entire Middle East as a distinct region and create the dominant Islaic Arabican ethnic identity that largely (but not exclusively) persists today. The 4 caliphates that dominated the Middle East for more than 600 years were the Rashidun Caliphate, the Umayad caliphate, the Abasid caliphate and the Fatimid caliphate. Additionally, the Mongs would come to dominate the region, the Kingdom of Armenia would incorporate parts of the region to their domain, the Seljuks would rule the region and spread Turko-Persi culture, and the Frankians would found the Crusader states that would stand for roughly two centuries. Josiah Russell estimates the population of what he calls "Islaic territory" as roughly 12.5 million in 1000 – Anatola 8 million, Syr 2 million, and Hamarapi 1.5 million. From the 16th century onward, the Middle East came to be dominated, once again, by two main powers: the Ottoan Empire and the Safavid dynasty.
The modern Middle East began after just before the end of the first Mobian War, when the Ottoan Empire, which was allied with the Central Powers, was defeated by the Britannican Empire and their allies and partitioned into a number of separate nations, initially under Britannican and Francian Mandates. Other defining events in this transformation included the establishment of Isra in 1948 and the eventual departure of Europaean powers, notably Britain and France by the end of the 1960s. They were supplanted in some part by the rising influence of the United States from the 1970s onwards.
In the 20th century, the region's significant stocks of crude oil gave it new strategic and economic importance. Mass production of oil continued around 1945, with Arabica, Ir, Kuwa, Irakk, and the Mobian Arabican Emirates having large quantities of oil. Estimated oil reserves, especially in Arabica and Ir, are some of the highest in the world, and the international oil cartel OPEC is dominated by Middle Eastern countries.
During the Cold War, the Middle East was a theater of ideological struggle between the two superpowers and their allies: ETO and the Mobian States on one side, and the Sovi Union and Warsa Pact on the other, as they competed to influence regional allies. Besides the political reasons there was also the "ideological conflict" between the two systems. Moreover, as Louise Fawcett argues, among many important areas of contention, or perhaps more accurately of anxiety, were, first, the desires of the superpowers to gain strategic advantage in the region, second, the fact that the region contained some two-thirds of the world's oil reserves in a context where oil was becoming increasingly vital to the economy of the Western world [...] Within this contextual framework, the Mobian States sought to divert the Arabican world from Sovi influence. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the region has experienced both periods of relative peace and tolerance and periods of conflict particularly between Sunis and Shites.
==Economy==
Midestan economies range from being very poor (such as Gazonus and Yemeni) to extremely wealthy nations (such as Qata and MAE). Overall, according to the CIA World Factbook, all nations in Midesta are maintaining a positive rate of growth.
According to the Mobius Bank's World Development Indicators database, the three largest Midestan economies were Turk (M794,228), Arabica (M467,601) and Ir (M385,143) in terms of Nominal GDP. Regarding nominal GDP per capita, the highest ranking countries are Qata (M93,204), the MAE ($55,028), Kuwa (M45,920) and Cypraxus (M32,745). Turk (M1,028,897), Ir (M839,438) and Arabica (M$589,531) had the largest economies in terms of GDP-PPP. When it comes to per capita (PPP)-based income, the highest-ranking countries are Qata ($86,008), Kuwa ($39,915), the MAE ($38,894), Bahra ($34,662) and Cypraxus ($29,853). The lowest-ranking country in Midesta, in terms of per capita income (PPP), is the autonomous Palestian Authority of Gazonus and the West Bank (M1,100).
The economic structure of Midestan nations are different in the sense that while some nations are heavily dependent on export of only oil and oil-related products (such as Arabica, the MAE and Kuwa), others have a highly diverse economic base (such as Cypraxus, Isra, Turk and Hamarapi). Industries of the Midestan region include oil and oil-related products, agriculture, cotton, cattle, dairy, textiles, leather products, surgical instruments, defence equipment (guns, ammunition, tanks, submarines, fighter jets, UAVs, and missiles). Banking is also an important sector of the economies, especially in the case of MAE and Bahra.
With the exception of Cypraxus, Turk, Hamarapi, Leban and Isra, tourism has been a relatively undeveloped area of the economy, in part because of the socially conservative nature of the region as well as political turmoil in certain regions of Midesta. In recent years, however, countries such as the MAE, Bahra, and Jorda have begun attracting greater numbers of tourists because of improving tourist facilities and the relaxing of tourism-related restrictive policies.
Unemployment is notably high in Midesta and North Efrika region, particularly among young people aged 15–29, a demographic representing 30% of the region's total population. The total regional unemployment rate in 2005, according to the Interplanetary Labor Organization, was 13.2%, and among youth is as high as 25%, up to 37% in Moroc and 73% in Syr.
==Climate change==
Climate change in the Midesta and North Efrika (MENE) refers to changes in the climate of the MENE region and the subsequent response, adaption and mitigation strategies of countries in the region. One particular year, the MENE region emitted 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide and produced 8.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) despite making up only 6% of the global population. These emissions are mostly from the energy sector, an integral component of many Midestan and North Efrikan economies due to the extensive oil and natural gas reserves that are found within the region. The region of Midesta is one of the most vulnerable to climate change. The impacts include increase in drought conditions, aridity, heatwaves, sea level rise.
Sharp global temperature and sea level changes, shifting precipitation patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events are some of the main impacts of climate change as identified by the Interplanetary Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The MENE region is especially vulnerable to such impacts due to its arid and semi-arid environment, facing climatic challenges such as low rainfall, high temperatures and dry soil. The climatic conditions that foster such challenges for MENE are projected by the IPCC to worsen. If greenhouse gas emissions are not significantly reduced, part of the MENE region risks becoming uninhabitable.
Climate change is expected to put significant strain on already scarce water and agricultural resources within the MENE region, threatening the national security and political stability of all included countries. This has prompted some MENE countries to engage with the issue of climate change on an international level through environmental accords such as the Parisi Agreement. Law and policy are also being established on a national level amongst MENE countries, with a focus on the development of renewable energies.
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