Arab

Arab ( اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ ) est un schemi lingua baht khaliban in ia Arab lands. Emergus unte id 1sto secule, est namt yeji id Arab folk ; id lexis « Arab » eet in-kap nuden kay describe ti gwivend in Arabo Peninsule, kam kwaht ab i geographs os Awo Hellad.
Pon id 7im secule, Arab kekwitit med diglossia, yani un opposition inter un standardo prestige bahsa – Literarum Arab : Moderne Standard Arab (MSA) au Classic Arab – ed divers vernacular varietats, qua daughent ka materbahsas. Colloquial dialects divergent significant-ye ud MSA, quo impedeiht mutupreten. MSA biht tik uct per talim ed ne biht baht ka materbahsa. Est id lingua os literature, official documents, ed formal script media. In baht forme, MSA biht nudt in formal contextes, khabarbuletins ed mehldens. Tod varietat est id lingua franca iom Arab lands ed id liturgic bahsa Islams. Est un officialo lingua om 26 Stats ed oinios dawaterritorium, id trit plautst pos Englisch ed Franceois. Estschi oino iom six official bahsas iom Uniet Nations.
Bahn varietats sont id adic zariya os communication in ceter xeimens. Ne sonti standardiset ed varyent significant-ye, sems ex ia esend mutupretable. Id International Organisation pro Standardisation assignet bahsa codes ad 33 varietats os Arab, pati MSA. Arab vernaculars ne descende ex MSA ni Classic Arab. Combinet, Arab dialects hant 362 millions em materbahtors, menxu MSA biht bahn ab 274 millions leuden ka second lingua, quo beuwt id ka tienxia sixt bahtst lingua. Arabo bihti traditional-ye script med id Arab schrift, un dextos-levtro abjad.  
Id flag ios Hijase Roydem (1916-1925) biht yando nudt pro id Arabo bahsa. Mathmount ia quar pan-Arab colors : sword, albh, glend ed rudh. 
== Literarum Arab ==
Classic Arab wa Corani Arab est id oistandardisen literar forme os Arab neudneun pon id VIIim secule ed unte Mediev, notabler-ye in Umayyad ed Abbassi literar textes kam poesis, alt prose ed orations, edschi est id liturgic bahsa os Islam. Classic Arab est eti id register ios Arab lingua ep-yod Moderne Standard Arab keiht.
Un complete scriben grammatic os Classic Arab buit al-Kitâb ab iom Parsi Muslim grammatiste Sibawayh; eet un exegese os Arab grammatic plaut-ye keihnd ep ia existend poetic textes ed ia wehrgs om prever grammatistens, in addition ei Coran ed im Bedouin informants is iey amin bahtors os Arab. Id auwal focus tos wehrg eet facilerihes tafsir ios Coran ed prophetic reports.
Moderne Standard Arab est idso directo descendanto nuden nundiens unte hol Arab lands in scriben ed formal bahmen, mathalan preparen logsa, sem radio ed TV irsals ed rhayr-laab mathmoun. In ta lands biht pau enderkwiten inter Classic Arab ed Moderne Standard Arab ed bo sonti normal-ye kalen الفصحى , yani « id eloquentst ». Moderne Standard Arab wa Moderne Script Arab sont lexis khaliban usen ab Occidentalens linguistens quod antslohnk in ia Arab lands unte id sert XIXt ed aus XXt secules; waurmen-ye, seschi refert ei baht Arab prokwsti tei scriben standard. MSA est id lingua nudt in literature, academia, druckerie ed mass media, ieus ed legislation.
== Id Arab Alphabet ==
Leitti de un abjad, yani un scribsysteme notend tik ia consonns ed ia long voyels. Comprindt inkap-ye dwogimoct buksteivs ed biht scriben horizontal-ye dextos levtro. Ia divers bahsas id daughti kay note hant muttihno mult adaptations ios arab alphabet do ir phonologic systeme.
Id basic arab schrift ne notet ia cort voyels, qua maghe lakin prehpe ka diacritics in certain textes samt didactic kweit (Coran, talimat os leisen, dictionars). Ex tod fact, un werdo scriben in Arab maghti daydey admitte plur skweitens sekwent id daysa (au id absence) om cort voyels ed os reduplication os consonn, ed est ops-ye gendel uni stenographia : anghen tehrpt ghehde lises correct-ye un texte kay prete id, ed un texte tehrpti bihe pretet kay bihe list correct-ye. Tik un suagnohsa ios bahsa permitt bestehme id exact werd sekwent id contexte. Tod kweitu ios arab schrift oriet ex id consonnenstructure iom schemi bahsas, quer consonns daydey behrnt id semantique, menxu voyels dependent tik id buhsa ios werd ed ids grammatical function. Ex tod fact, id arab schrift notet hassa id semantique, kam un khanji, linkwnd in major part al leiser id kaur de uperwehrte elso leisen do current bahmen.
Samt id expansion os Islam, different bahsas hant widen id scribsysteme os Arab, lingua ios Coran, id neud ios arab alphabet hat tadrijan spohrn. Also daughti kathalika tod alphabet kay scribe sem hindeuropay bahsas kam Parsi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Urdu, Kurd. Estschi nuden in China, in ia provinces Xinjiang, Gansu ed Ningxia tem quem bi certaina minoritats qua buir convers do Islam. Id arab alphabet hat daughen ki note certain African linguas (Swahili, Hausa, Wolof, Somali) tem quem Tyrk tiel 1928.  
Category:Bahsas