Pio Laghi

Pio Laghi (21 May 1922 – 11 January 2009) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. His service was primarily in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and the Roman Curia. He served as Apostolic nuncio to several countries and as the Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1991.
== Biography ==
Pio Laghi was born in Castiglione di Forlì, Romagna, Italy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 April 1946 by Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia. He obtained doctorates in theology (1947) and canon law (1950) from the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome. He entered the Roman Curia, in the Secretariat of State, in 1952, and then served as Secretary of the nunciature in Nicaragua until 1955. Laghi was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 21 December 1965.
On 24 May 1969, he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine, and Titular Archbishop of Mauriana. Laghi received his episcopal consecration on the following 22 June from Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Archbishop Agostino Casaroli and Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia (who had also ordained Laghi) serving as co-consecrators. 
During five years in Jerusalem he served as Pro-Nuncio to Cyprus (28 May 1973) and Apostolic Visitor for Greece. Laghi was then named Nuncio to Argentina on 27 April 1974. Laghi had been a personal friend of Golda Meir.
His six years in Argentina coincided with the worst excesses of the military dictatorship in what was known as the dirty war. Many in Argentina believe that the church hierarchy supported the generals in their misrule, and that Laghi - who played tennis regularly with one of the leaders of the junta, Admiral Emilio Eduardro Massera - turned a blind eye to the murder and disappearances of thousands. "Perhaps I wasn't a hero", Laghi later said of his time in Buenos Aires, "but I was no accomplice". The debate that his conduct generated was enough, however, to ruin any chance he ever had of becoming pope.
Pope John Paul II transferred him as Apostolic Delegate (10 December 1980) and later (26 March 1984) Pro-Nuncio to the United States, where he was entrusted with emplacing conservatives in key positions, such as Bernard Francis Law in Boston and John Joseph O'Connor in New York. On 6 April 1990, John Paul appointed Laghi Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education, and created him Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria Auxiliatrice in via Tuscolana in the consistory of 28 June 1991, despite the accusations by Argentine writers of links between him and the past dictatorship and the "Dirty War". On the following 1 July, he was promoted to full Prefect of the congregation.
On 26 December 1994, the American Time Magazine published an article titled "Who Will Be First Among Us?" which prematurely speculated on who would be the next pope "as John Paul approaches the twilight of his papacy." Laghi was listed among eight cardinals who were considered leading candidates; the article identified Laghi as head of the Congregation for Catholic Education with conservative credentials. In 1997 the Dirty War scandal was widely exposed, and, though Laghi denied the charges, it was considered to have ended his chance for the papacy.
He headed the Congregation for Catholic Education until his resignation on 15 November 1999, and from 1999 to 2001 he was the Cardinal Protodeacon (the longest serving Cardinal Deacon), before exercising his right as a Cardinal Deacon of ten years' standing to become a Cardinal-Priest (of San Pietro in Vincoli). On his 80th birthday, 21 May 2002, he became ineligible to vote in a papal conclave but continued to undertake special missions for his friend John Paul II.
In 2000, Laghi was awarded the F. Sadlier Dinger Award in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the ministry of religious education in America.
On 1 March 2003, Laghi, as special papal envoy to the United States, met with President George W. Bush and conveyed the Pope's request that the United States reconsider the decision to go to war against Iraq. Bush was photographed with Laghi and commented that he was "an old family friend". During the presidency of Bush's father, George H.W. Bush, Laghi, as Nuncio to the United States, was a frequent guest of the first President Bush and his family.
Laghi died in Rome, aged 86.
== External links ==
* Biography at The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church site
* Catholic-Hierarchy.Org
* Interview with Pio Laghi in El halcón de la paz, in newspaper Clarin of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20 December 1998, about the Beagle conflict and the papal mediation.
== References ==
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Category:1922 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Alumni of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy
Category:Apostolic Nuncios to the United States
Category:Diplomats of the Holy See
Category:Dirty War
Category:History of Iraq
Category:Italian cardinals
Category:Italian Roman Catholics
Category:People from the Province of Forlì-Cesena
Category:Protodeacons
Category:20th-century Italian people
Category:21st-century Italian people
Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops
Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops
Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education
Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
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