Apple File System

Apple File System (APFS) is a proprietary drive format system that Apple introduced in macOS High Sierra (10.13) in 2017. APFS volumes used by Macs can be managed through Apple's Disk Utility. APFS was also adopted in iOS 10.3, tvOS 10.2, and watchOS 3.2.
==Features==
APFS is designed to accommodate the use of solid-state drive storage across Apple's product line and address shortcomings of the long-used HFS Plus (Mac OS Extended) drive format, such as the 2040 date limit. .Decoding the APFSfile system (PDF) by Kurt H. Hansen and Fergus Toolan, Norwegian Police University College. 2017-06-21.
===Cloning===
When files are copied within the same APFS volume, the file system will "clone" the data by making a reference to the original, instead of writing to additional drive space. Changes are written to the drive when one or both of the files modified. This uses drive space more efficiently and improves performance of copying files witin the same drive. The potential drawback is that file corruption caused by in the original file would affect all of the cloned files.Copy, move and clone files in APFS, a primer by hoakley, The Eclectic Light Company. 2020-04-14.
===File system structure===
APFS-formatted drives can be partitioned into "containers" in which individual volumes are assigned specific roles. Volumes with preboot, recovery, and virtual memory (VM) roles are not mounted and remain hidden by default. Starting with macOS Catalina (10.15), volumes can be organized into "volume groups" where the bootable macOS system and data are kept in separate volumes and the system is kept locked by default. The purpose of this separation is to protect the macOS system from modification by hackers.Working with APFS Volume Groups by Mike Bombich, Bombich Software. 2020-03-16.
The following is the storage structure of APFS using a (GPT):
*Containers
** Hidden volumes
***Preboot
***Recovery
***Virtual memory
**Visible volumes
**Volume groups (macOS Catalina and later)
***System volume (locked by default)
***Data volume
The layout of APFS volumes was updated again for macOS Ventura (13).Ventura volume layout by hoakley, The Eclectic Light Company. 2022-10-25.
==References==
==External links==
*About Apple File System at Apple Developer
**Apple File System Reference (PDF, 2019-02-07)
**Add, delete, or erase APFS volumes in Disk Utility on Mac
**Installing macOS on a separate APFS volume (2019-01-31)
*APFS in Detail: Overview at Adam Leventhal's blog (2016-06-19)
* at Wikipedia
===Articles===
*Is APFS doing its job? Big Sur edition by hoakley at The Eclectic Light Company (2021-03-01)
Category:Apple software
Category:File systems