Muntorganisation

Interland commerce est nundiens regen ab ia playcts signet eni id Muntorganisation (Mund Torg Organisation = MTO) ab ia tienxia commercial augsa. Id Muntorganisation hat succedden dien 1sto Januar 1995 id GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) quod pag tuntro ia reuls ios systeme. Id GATT, quod eet in-kap uno mer playct, hat biht uno neofficial international organisation engwn ia interlanda megil tolken rounds. 
Id Muntorganisation hat tri magn objectives : 
- favorise exchanges oiswekwehrnd-ye id transparence ed id previsibilitat iom international commercial reuls;
- daughe ka quader ad commercial tolks bezielend id suppression iom obstaclen, kweter sont samt tariffs (tolls) we aun tariffs (technic xiseys, normes...) ed altern meids bfuryowkhowen dia exchanges;
- permitte id paneg iom commercial dawas inter ia lands. 
 Id Centre William-Rappard, lyehgend in id samnam park, in Geneve, Schweiz, buit construgen inter 1923 ed 1926 kay herbehrge id International Orbatsbureau. eet id presto treb concepen kay daughe ka sedd uni international organisation in Geneve. In 1975, id IOB mutawik do le Grand-Saconnex ed, in 1977, id Centre William Rappart buit occupet ab id GATT-secretariat ed id UN Hogo Commissariat pro Refugeits. In 1995, id Muntorganisation hat tayn id GATT. 
Ia MTO official bahsas sont Englisch, Franceois ed Espaniol. Id MTO ne est part ios systeme iom Uniet Nations, nighi bayght Ia Bretton Woods institutions. Pon id adhesion Kazakhstans dien 30 November 2015, id MTO jamiyeneut 162 members, tem quem 22 observernations. Id Europay Union xeiht memberstand ed biht hissaben ka oin. 
15% iom commercial exchangen sont rect ab bilateral au regional reuls, 85% ab ia MTO reuls. Senters oiskeipe 470 000 pages. Limitent do 2-3% ia taxes pro ia occidental lands, do 30-40% pro Hind ed Brasilu, do 60-80% pro ia African lands. Ex 2012 do 2013, ia non-tariffar meids kyeimend tienxia commerce hant uperlit ex 482 do 15560 pro ia technic reuls, ex 2051 do 11288 pro ia sanitar ed phyto-sanitar meids. 
 Roberto Carvalho de Azevêdo (gnaht in 1957 in Salvador-Bahia), brasileir diplomat, est is amtirend Director-general ios Muntorganisation pon dien 1sto September 2013.
==Wanen changes pro id MTO==
Id MTO reforme concernt ia decisions ios differenden panegsorgan (DPO). Adducent ghi ad eme ka ghisals sem entreprises rhayir ibs conflicts opponend ir lands : iaswo Stats decide ep qua products ia tollcompensations sessient preliven ed cheusent daydey ia meist symbolics pro id duschmanpartie. Also, i US Americans hieb auct ia taxes ex 100 do 300 % ep Roquefort, foie-gras au sinep menxu i Europays hierm Texan products sub id presidence os George W. Bush. 
Eti, id MTO biht critiquet ab i alterglobalistens iaghi reuls id dehlct dostringihes comprinde un liberalisation iom sectors in qua ia industrielands sont competitivest menxu tod iom servicen au iom agrent anons buit pau concernt. Ia Uniet Stats os America ed id Europay Union hant homologht age bet continuent protege ir salariat employs ed ir agrent revenue per id dostriction tollen udmikdarnd ops-ye 100% ep ia principal basic anons (miems, suker, melg ed gherts...). Albatta, id liberalisation iom exchangen obkwehct in ia facts excessive-ye complexe : in agrent matier, id risct tuntos vantage oik lands kam Brasilu au Thaylando menxu i productors in ia ormst lands ne resistient ia agriverslyn gigants ed behgsascient id privileget access do occidental mercats. Id ediction om nov commun reuls kay etilures ia commercial exchanges obkwehct yinjier baygh-ye complicat. Id "Bali Pack" conclus in December 2013 dayir id reduction iom subventions ibs agrent exports ed iom taxen ep ia exports iom minst antslehnkus lands permitt lakin mae tyehgve alnos ia negociations lancet in Doha in 2001 : hois, ia antslehnkend lands izharnt nuntos differencyen vidpoints de Globalisation; ciois, ia protectioniste tentations gohnen ab id economic crise se hant multiplien. Itak hant ia bilateral negociations nuntos uperwohnden. Also, id Europay Union hat conclus un leurtorg playcto con ia Central America lands dien 18 Mai 2010. In-kap 2009, id hat oistarten negociations con Canada dayir id global economic ed commercial playct (GECP), quod buit signen dien 26 September 2014. Tod bilateral quader maght permitte ibs occidental stieures impones dwineghs udleitend ta negocyen eni id quader ios MTO. 
Ia exchanges aucsient quodkwe bih to, id blocken om certaina MTO negociations in id prev ne kyeimus ia. Bet id risko ghehdt ses guranwes id actual forme os globalisation : richerihes ia riches ed ormerihes ia orms.