Siam

Siam or Kingdom of Siam (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรสยาม) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia, ruled by Rama VII of Siam alongside with Regency Council.
== History ==
=== Royal Scholarship Project ===
King Chulalongkorn had established the Royal Scholarship project in 1897 to send the peoples and royal members to foreign countries. The main propose of RSP is to take the knowledge back to countries and help the royal government to develop the countries together.
=== Treaty of Tenasserim ===
After the Great War, Siam attended the Versailles Conference and amended the unequal treaties. The United Kingdom and Siam discussed the status of Tenasserim, the southern Burmese territories under British Raj administration. Italy and representatives of minor Entente powers voted at the conference that Tenasserim should revert to its last sovereign, Siam. The UK Parliament supported this view. Subsequently, His Majesty's Government and the Royal Siamese Government held a conference in Rangoon, resulting in the Treaty of Tenasserium. This treaty, signed in early 1921, returned administrative rights of Tenasserim to Siam, with the condition that Siam would not station troops there.
=== Treaty of Ratnagiri ===
When the Anglo-Siamese treaty was signed, an annex allowed the Siamese Government to sign another treaty with a British colony. A referendum led to an agreement with British India, permitting former Burmese dynasty members to live in Tenasserim. In March 1920, the Treaty of Ratnagiri was signed by Luang Praditmanutham, representing the King of Siam, and Sir Reginald Henry Craddock, Governor of Burma, representing the British Crown. After the treaty, King Thibaw Min of Burma granted Rama VII the title "Grand Prince of Tenasserim," enabling claims to the Burmese throne if the Konbaung Dynasty went extinct.
=== Toward the Constitutional Monarchy ===
==== Drafting the Constitution ====
2 years after the end of the Versailles Conference, Rama VII has been ruling over the country after the death of his brother, he has an idea to establish the constitution in the country. Meanwhile, the Supreme Council of State has strongly opposed of this idea. Sometimes after the Pound sterling boom during early post-war period, he decides to form the Constitution Drafting Committee upon the advice of Royal Scholarship's students, American and British advisors, then appointed the 20 members from Secretariat Council, bureaucrats, and foreigners as member of Constitution Drafting Committee. He appoints himself as President of the Constitution Drafting Committee, with condition of he cannot veto any passed laws in each conference. When the constitution has been completely drafted, the rumors has been spread out amongst the bureaucrats that some members of CDC are trying to plot to overthrow the constitutional regime and establish the dictatorial regime with monarch as puppet ruler. The constitution promulgation ceremony has been delayed until the plot has been uncovered.
==== April's Plot ====
In April 1932, after the 150th Anniversary Ceremony of Foundation of Rattanakosin Kingdom, the radical conservative's military officers, secretly supported by elites, are gathered with their personal guard, captured a member of CDC and sent the demands to the government that constitution drafting committee's works must not be continuing to carry out and drop out all of constitution plans in the government. The constitutionalist politicians and officers are formed to escort the captured member out of hardliner's hideout and prevent the plot to be succeeded.
Then, Rama VII has been escorted out from Siam to Malaya by constitutionalists for preventing any harms and dangers toward his majesty, with his family and several important figures. At the same time, position of Military Defender of Capital has been established to exercise the military command on behalf of His Majesty himself, Phraya Songsuradet, Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena and Phraya Ritthi-akhaney have been appointed to the position through the king's telegram. Also, the regency council has been formed to carry out the works of government and oversee the kingdom during absence of Rama VII at the same time. 
For several month after launching plot, the constitutionalist and hardliner are fighting within the metropolitan region, while the constitutionalist gained favor from Northeast, the hardliner are gaining support from some of the princes and local bureaucrats. Unfortunately for the hardliner, Rama VII never accepted their demands and still insists in constitution promulgation plan. Until June 1932, when member of CDC has been escorted from hideout and the rebel's army are disillusioned, they surrender to the government; leading figures are pledged guilty to the court. On 20 June 1932, the constitutionalist is given the telegram from Rama VII that constitution work can be carrying on. He suggested that both Regency Council and Military Defenders of Capital shall, on behalf of the king, sign the constitution. Because during living in Malaya, his eye developed some source of the partially blindness and must be taken to London for treating. Four days later, 24 June 1932, the first constitution has been promulgated, and three military defenders are together resigned from position and giving the power back to the government and regency council.
=== First General Election ===
The first general election has been set up on the next week after proclamation, but only inside the metropolitan region. At the same time, his majesty has a royal command, via the telegram, to the chief ministers of all monthons to appoint the 2 members for the People's Chamber from each monthon. And the Supreme Council of State is expanded to 75 seats, the royal family can run for member of Supreme Council of State and acts the upper house of the national assembly. When the first national assembly was formed, Chao Phraya Thammasakmontri is elected the first speaker of the People's Chamber and President of the National Assembly, Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, the Prince of Nakorn Sawan becomes to the second president of the Supreme Council of State upon the royal appointment. Also, the Royal Government was formed as Chao Phraya Vongsanupraphat has been appointed the first elected Royal Chancellor of the Kingdom of Siam.
=== Ananta Samakhom Accident ===
In 1935, Royal Chancellor has gotten the wound from hitting the rock from someone while the 1st National Assembly Conference stills going. And his only deputy, Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada has been appointed by the royal command to "Acting Royal Chancellor of Kingdom of Siam" and the national assembly voted to change the office to "President of Council of Ministers". He became the president of the council of ministers automatically while he is getting the cure in the hospital.
==Politics==
===Government===
Royal Government of the Kingdom of Siam is the main executive body and cabinet of Siam after the constitutional proclamation in 1932. After the first general election in 1932, People’s Society has gained most seats in the parliament but can't form the government because the requirement of simple majority is not reached. Phraya Phahon, a leader, Phraya Manopakorn, a deputy leader, asked Luang Praditnamutham (Pridi Banomyong), Siamese Agrarians' League's leader and Intellectuals' Club's leader to form the government with Chao Phraya Vongsanupraphat, senior acquaintance of the late king and member of Supreme Council of State, to be the government's leader.
With approval from Ch.Phr. Vongsanupraphat, the first government was born, and he became the first Royal Chancellor of the Kingdom of Siam (aka Premier), and invited the leader of the Siamese Agrarians' League, a former member of the constitution drafting committee, Luang Praditnamutham, and former deputy chair of the constitution drafting committee, Phraya Manavarajasevee, to become the ministers in his first cabinet.
In 1935, Chao Phraya Vongsanupraphat got the wound from an accident at Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall. Rama VII. Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada, the deputy royal chancellor of Siam, became the acting royal chancellor of Siam, then the parliament has agreed to change the title to "President of Council of Ministers" or "Prime Minister" of Siam.
Influent Ministers within Vongsanupraphat I Cabinet
Name 	Title 	Note 	Alignment
Chao Phraya Vongsanupraphat	President of Council of Ministers / Minister of Finance 	De jure head of government, in medication 	Independent (supported by Intellectuals' Club)
Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada	Vice President of Council of Minister / Minister of Justice	De facto head of government 	People’s Society
Luang Praditnamutham 	Minister of Foreign 	Former member of constitutional drafting committee 	Siamese Agrarians' League
Phraya Chaiyotsombat 	Acting Minister of Finance 	Acting in capacity of Undersecretary of Finance 	Independent
Phraya Sawnyudhaseni 	Minister of Trade 	Former deputy speaker of house of representatives from 1932-1933 	Independent
Phraya Phahon 	Minister of Defence 	One of the substitute heads of state (Military Defender of Capital, collectively held by Phraya Songsuradet, Phraya Phahon, and Phraya Ritthi-akhaney), during the transitional of the regime on behalf of the absent monarch.	People’s Society
Phraya Songsuradet 	Minister of Army 	One of the substitute heads of state (Military Defender of Capital, collectively held by Phraya Songsuradet, Phraya Phahon, and Phraya Ritthi-akhaney), during the transitional of the regime on behalf of the absent monarch.	Independent (close ally of People’s Society)
Luang Sinthusongkhramchai 	Minister of Navy 	Former chief naval officer who controls the operations of the Siamese Marine Corps of the Constitutionalist army during April's Plot 	People’s Society
Luang Phibunsongkram 	Permanent Secretary of Western District Department 	The first commanding officer of the reigning king to be granted the rank of Field Marshal after being appointed the Governor-General of Tanaosri (Tenasserim) and Commander of Tenasserim Provincial Guard by Rama VII. 	Siamese National Association
===Factions===
Though the constitution prohibited politicians from being members of political parties, making the parliament officially non-partisan, the Act of Non-Profitable Clubs of 1934 allowed the formation of clubs related to various interests. This act permitted all citizens, including politicians, to form such clubs, leading to the creation of various covert political groups disguised as entertainment, relaxation, or academic clubs. Examples for academic clubs include the Siamese National Association and the Society for the Restoration of Our Origin, the nationalist political groups. Worker-related clubs, like the Siamese Workers' Assistance Association, also emerged as charitable foundations. 
====Revolutionary/Traditionalist Organizations====
Party 	Status 	Leader of Party 	Leader of Faction
Society for the Restoration of Our Origin - Orthodoxy 	Sit in Parliament 	Luang Wattanarattawichit	Luang Wattanarattawichit
Society for the Restoration of Our Origin - Wathakanists	Coalition with Orthodox SRO 	Luang Wattanarattawichit	Luang Wichitwathakan
Siamese National Association - Mainstream 	Sit in Parliament 	Luang Phibunsongkram 	Luang Sunawinwiwat
Siamese National Association - Militarists 	Coalition with Mainstream SNA	Luang Phibunsongkram 	Phin Choonhavan
Intellectuals' Club - Prince Boworadet's Clique 	Sit in Parliament 	Prince Boworadet 	Prayool Paramontri
====Socialist Organizations====
Party 	Status 	Leader of Party 	Leader of Faction
Siamese Workers' Assistance Association - Central Committee	Sit in Parliament 	Suwich Phantaset 	Suwich Phantaset
Siamese Workers' Assistance Association - Railway Clique 	Coalition with Central Committee	Waas Suthornjamorn	Waas Suthornjamorn
Siamese Agrarians' League (partner with People’s Society) 	Sit in Parliament 	Pridi Banomyong 	Pridi Banomyong
====Independent Organizations====
Party 	Status 	Leader of Party 	Leader of Faction
Intellectuals' Club - Liberal Princelings 	Sit in Parliament 	Prince Wan Waithayakon 	Prince Wan Waithayakon
People’s Society 	Sit in Parliament 	Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena	Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada
Intellectuals' Club - Conservative 	Extra-parliamentary	Kukrit Pramoj 	Kuang Abhaivongse
Siamese National Association - Phao's Clique	Extra-parliamentary	Luang Phibunsongkram 	Phao Sriyanond
Category:Nations
Category:Asian Countries
Category:Monarchy
Category:Siam