Country nomenclature

Name 	a.k.a 	Other terms 	Leader 	Description 	Usage
Kingdom 	Kingship	 	Monarch (king or queen) 	A type of monarchy ruled by a king or queen. 	
Empire 	Kingship	 	Emperor or Empress (a.k.a "Ceaser", "Kaiser or Kaiserin", "Tsar/Tzar"	A type of monarchy ruled by a king or queen. 	
Dynasty 	 	House, Family, Clan	 	A sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. 	
Emirate 	 	 	Emir 	A territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. It is smaller than a caliphate and can be compared to a principality. 	Muslim
Caliphate	Khilāfah	 	Caliph 	An Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph, a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah).	Muslim
Sultanate	 	 	Sultan 	An Islamic of Muslim state under the leadership of a sultan, a Muslim semi-equivalent to "king". 	Muslim