Production

Production kyeust id total volume waren au servicen producen ab un entreprise au in un land unte sem prist.
 2017 Daftar (sekwent Statistic Times) iom presten dwogim Stats samt id hogst BIP, id PPP = kaupmaghparitat corregend ia differences prisen inter ta lands.
==Un veut economic probleme : mides opnos==
Production est oino iom awsten problemes qua hant interessen economistens. Yant id XVIIIt secule, ti "classic", kam A.Smith (An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776), hant tact iro reflexion ep id production os opnos. Ye tod vidpoint, Marx ne wehst baygh piern chunke, pro iom, produce est un weidos pro i menscens kay se realisent. Tod interesse dia production impliet ghehde mides id. Bet tod-on probleme ne biht post med id sam giokien ni appellet ia sam responses ye ia microeconomic au macroeconomic nivells. In microEconomia, production est preter quo un entreprise hat producen ye id termin uns wehrgyar. Id ghehdt bihe miden volume-ye (tonnes os stal, numer woghen...) we wirt-ye - sub tod forme prehpt id in ids bukhaltensbalance. Mides id production uns land, region au urb est delicater ar id production est un aggregat. Id difficultat est tunkye mae bukhalte dwis ia sam productions. Un wogh mathmount mathalan phars, pneus, etc., qua buir producen ab alya entreprises. 
Nudenst deiken est id Brutt(o) Inland Product (BIP) quod est definihn ka id sum iom addihn wirts tyicen in un land unte oino yar, yani id total ios product opnos. Ids instehlen medsu id XXt secule gwehmt ois ia wehrgs ios economiste S.Kuznets unte ia 1930tias dind ois ia Progressa os national bukhalten. Production seult eti id "ritual" ranking iom economic augsen. Ia Uniet Stats os America eent ayn tienxia prest economic augos pon id end ios XIXt secule ob ia hieb id importantst BIP. Sam-ye, quando biht saygen od China hat navaxt ia USA ed Japan, tod constat keiht ep id BIP. 
 Simon Smith Kuznets (1901-1985; Rusk : Семён Абра́мович Кузне́ц) buit un Russian-US economiste, statistician, demograph ed Historian os economia qui ielgv in 1971 id Nobel Mizdo pro Economic Sciences "pro sien empiric-ye sulen interpretation os economic croscto quod hat ducto do nov ed profunder dyehrcmen do id economic ed social structure ed id process os antslehnken.".
==Auge production==
Production est un central notion os economia quod est depens intim-ye ab alya kam mathalan crosct au productivitat. Pro i classics, auge productivitat biht un ziel toghi permittiet kayjine id walses im civs ed it kardwne social integration. Tod conception os croscto se hat plaut-ye dwighen nuntro. 
Productivitat est interessen ab quosmed nake tod ziel ye id nivell ielgs entreprise. Est id samband inter production ed ia productionzariyas (capital ed orbat) ed duct ad chehxe idmen investion - id brutto formation fixios capital pro i economistens - quod sollt kayjine id productionsalat (id capital) ed id de orbatsorganisation. Id methodes os scientific orbatsorganisation appariht in-kap id XXt secule (taylorisme ed fordisme) hant preter ka ziel auge orbatsproductions ed schowi production. 
Fin-ye, kay posdare crosct, id Stato tehrpt cree un context ryowkhowo dia production. Tod est yinjier unschi politic probleme. Sei wiswi economistes samstehme de tod point, divergences prehpent poskwo de quosmed cree un economic climat sislew dia production. Ti liberaler mayne id Stat ne dehlct intervene sontern sines id Mercat age. Est id maschour "invisible hand" os Smith. Alyi, kam i Keynesians au id Regulationscol mehne od id Stato dehlct intervene kay regule crosct ed production. In id prever Union Socialisten Sovietsken Respublics, idge Stat eepanct, med id penkyar plan, id productionsnivell nactu ab ia economic agents.
 Amartya Kumar Sen (gnaht in 1933) est un Hindi economiste ed philosoph, qui pon 1972 hat doct ed orbat in ia USA ed in id Uniet Roydem. Sen hat dadwt contributions ad walfert economia, ei theoria ios social cheus, economic ed social ieustet, ibs economic theorias iom famines, ed ibs indexims ios meidios ios walses im civs iom antslehnkend lands.
==Un abstraction quod meidt tik opnos==
Production, med besonters id BIP, skweitert lakin tik part-ye ed imperfect-ye id economic ed social sieune uns region au uns land. Est interessen tik ab opnos, eti ab material-on opnos. De facto, id neglect alya opnostypes kam tod os biodiversitat au ios social diemen, mathalan. 
Uno major limite ios notion production est ids mer-ye quantitative proschgumt. Id BIP sayct neid de ia productionsconditions. Dwo identic wares, uter producen unte social-ye ed ecologic-ye posdaril conditions, ed alter ne, hant id sam wirt, aggreget do id BIP. Api, production ghehdt auge destrugend ia natural ressurces. Sam-ye, id productionsvolume ne sayct qualg part ios population hat participen dind consummen id. Id yinjier masct alya realitats, qua pone problemes, kam ia social inegalitats au beghsorbatia. 
Id insaf de ia limites os production, ka economic deiker, ne est druve-ye nov. Is-pet Kuznets hieb warnt face ta defects ios BIP. Ob suakwahr tod sieyg neid de id social ed cultural walses uns land habent ies economistes A.Sen ed M.Haq elaboren id Humanum Antslehnken Index (HII) pro id Uniet Nations Antslehnken Programme (UNAP) in 1990. Id HII est un synthetic deiker hissapt ab id natural brutto revenue pro weiker, id gramatia ratio ed id exspectet jumiung, ed quos wirt varyet inter 0 (null antslehnken) ed 1 (maximal antslehnken). De facto, existent important abveicens inter ia BIP-rankings pro weiker, ed id HII, besonters pro raumaterias-riche lands, kam naft, bet tod hol opnos ne est brugen ab id hol population. 
Mult autors, bayna qui nuper is US-American J.Stiglitz, gawun ios Nobel Mizdios pro Economic Sciences, hant proposto taye id BIP med un deiker os noroc au os social walses. Tod idee ne est alnos jadide chunke est ja enoverneut in Bhutan pon 1972. Ye quodkwe chust alternative, id dayi est substitue un qualitative deiker ei mer-ye quantitative meid os production.