Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, had six children. Some Shiadispute whether all of the children were born in her marriage to Muhammad, or if three of the four daughters were born to a previous marriage. 
==Introduction==
The dispute extends to Umm Kulthum, Ruqayah, Zainab and Fatimah bint Muhammad. For ease of identification, all four daughters share the same patronym, "Bint Muhammad." This is accepted even by those who view them as children from a previous marriage and view that Muhammad adopted them, as this predates usage of Islamic rules of adoption. It is notable that Muhammad also had an adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah.
This debate becomes significant and contentious since two of the children, Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum were consecutively married to Uthman, one after the death of the other. Due to marrying two of the Prophet's daughter, Uthman was called 'Dhul Nureyni' (or Keeper/Owner of Two Lights). Uthman became the third Rightly Guided Caliph and first Banu Umayyad Caliph.
==Views==
The Quran refers to Muhammad's daughters as "banatika" (), the pluralThe Arabic language has three persons - singular, dual, and plural, with the latter referring to more than two. For further explanation, refer to Arabic grammar. for "daughters". This is the argument against the view of that the sisters of Fatimah were not the biological daughters of the prophet Muhammad as according to the universally accepted Islamic creed that the Qur'an will remain unaltered till it is lifted totally. 
===Muslim view===
Regardless of which marriage they were born in, both Shi'a and Sunni view all the children with the high respect.
====Sunni view====
Sunni outright reject any notion of them being born anywhere but in Muhammad's marriage. Sunni honour Uthman as "possessor of the two lights", in reference to him being married to two of Muhammad's biological children.
Sunni believe that Ruqayyah was born three years after the birth of Zainab, when Muhammad was 33.anwary-islam.com Many Sunnis hold that the claim that Fatima is the only biological daughter is pushed by the Shia in order to strengthen the legitimacy of the Shia Imams. If there were other biological sisters who had children, then they would have as much a right to claim the caliphate as Fatima's descendants.
====Shi'a view====
Shia scholars view them as born in previous marriages,Al-Tijani in his The Shi'ah are (the real) Ahl al-Sunnah on Al-Islam.org note 274 and that this fact is obscured in order to give greater merit to the first Banu Umayyad Caliph. Those Shi'as view is that Fatimah was Muhammad's only biological daughter and the only one who married a Caliph, i.e., Ali. They argue it improbable for Khadija to have given birth to so many children at such an advanced age, while at the same time having abstained from having children in both her previous marriages. A third version also exists which views the two daughters as being the children of Khadijah's deceased sister.Again, it is also not agreed that these two were the real daughters of Muhammad, because there is one group which denies them to be his real daughters, and regards them as being the daughters of Khadijah's sister Halah, or the daughters of her own previous husband. Thus, Abu'l-Qasim al-Kufi writes:
"When the Messenger of Allah married Khadijah, then some time thereafter Halah died leaving two daughters, one named Zaynab and the other named Ruqayyah and both of them were brought up by the Prophet and Khadijah and they maintained them, and it was the custom before Islam that a child was assigned to whoever brought him up." (al-lstighathah, p. 69)
Ibn Hisham has written about the issues of Hadrat Khadijah as follows:
"Before marriage with Muhammad she was married to Abi Halah ibn Malik. She delivered for him Hind ibn Abi Halah and Zaynab bint Abi Halah. Before marriage with Abi Halah she was married to `Utayyiq ibn `Abid ibn `Abdillah ibn `Amr ibn Makhzum and she delivered for him `Abdullah and a daughter." (as-Sirah an-nabawiyyah, vol. 4, p. 293)
This shows that of Hadrat Khadijah had two daughters before being married to Muhammad and according to all appearance they would be called his daughters and those to whom they were married would be called his sons-in-law, but the position of this relationship would be the same as if those girls were his daughters. (Commentary to Nahj al-Balagah )
One source states:
 states:
Shi'a argue that there is a lack of narrations from Muhammad regarding his other daughters, and they use it to argue that if they held the same position in Muhammads eye, this would not be the case:
The Shi'a website Answering-Ansar (which has been shown to be a dishonest source of information by Sunnis)“Lies of Answering-Ansar” states:
Some individuals have said that Khadija had no previous husbands,This is not a unanimous opinion amongst Muslim historians and many have said that these narrations of Khadija [a]'s previous marriages are fabricated reports. Their findings instead are that Khadija [a] was in fact never married until she became Muhammad's wife; and that the daughters in her care (Zaynab, Rukayya, Umm Kulthum) were in fact her deceased sister's orphans that she took under her care. For example, see: (google cache acceced 2006-07-12)
==See also==
*Disputed issues in the early Islamic history
*Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib
*Family tree of Ali
*Family tree of Muhammad
==References==
==Further reading==
For Sunni view see:
* Ibn Hisham's Sira, Vol. 1, p. 122
* Tabari's History of Prophets and Kings, Vol. 2, p. 35
* Ibn Kathir's Al-Bidayah Wa An-Nihaya, Vo. 2, p. 359
For Shi'a sources that mention other daughters of Muhammad, see:
*Tusi's Tahthibul Ahkam, Vol. 8, p. 258
*Shaikh Saduq's Khisal, p. 404
*Kulayni's Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 555
*Shaykh Mufid's Al-Muqanna'ah, p. 332
*Himyari's Qurb Al-Isnad, p. 9
*Papyrus scroll of Ibn Lahi'ah, referenced by G. Levi Della Vida-[R.G. Khoury]. ʿUT̲H̲MĀN b.ʿAffān. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 3 April 2007
For views from Western scholarship see:
*G. Levi Della Vida-[R.G. Khoury]. ʿUT̲H̲MĀN b.ʿAffān. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 3 April 2007
*Veccia Vaglieri, L. Fāṭima. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 3 April 2007
*Watt, W. Montgomery. K̲H̲adīd̲j̲a. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 3 April 2007
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Category:Muhammad
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