The Hobbit (1977 animated film)

The Hobbit is the name of a 1977 American animated television special from the Rankin/Bass studio, directed by Jules Bass and Arthur Rankin Jr. and based on J.R.R. Tolkien's book .
== Plot ==
Bilbo Baggins the Hobbit is smoking outside his house when suddenly Gandalf the wizard appears and tells him he wants to hire a burglar. With him are thirteen Dwarves; Dwalin, Balin, Fíli, Kíli, Dori, Nori, Ori, Óin, Glóin, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur, and their leader, Thorin. After they eat, Thorin explains to his fellow Dwarves and Bilbo that the evil dragon Smaug stole their treasure in the Lonely Mountain, and they need Bilbo to take it back for them. 
They set out the next morning, and seek shelter from a storm in a forest, where they see three trolls. Thorin tells Bilbo to steal some meat from them; however, the trolls catch them and try to eat them, until Gandalf returns and the sun rises, turning the three trolls to stone. Bilbo finds their cave and Gandalf and Thorin each take a sword. Bilbo also takes a smaller sword. Gandalf suspects that the trolls might have stolen them. He also gives Thorin a map of the Lonely Mountain (Erebor) and a key to a secret door into the mountain.
They then arrive at Rivendell (Imladris), the city of Elves, where Elrond gives them food. He says that Gandalf's sword is called Glamdring the Foe-Hammer, and Thorin's sword is called Orcrist the Goblin Cleaver, and that they are Elven blades. He holds the map up to the moon, revealing moon-letters on it, that says to stand by a grey stone when a thrush knocks in order to see a secret passage. Afterward, they continue their journey, but are caught in another storm and seek shelter in a cave. Once inside, Gandalf disappears again, and the ponies are stolen by goblins. Bilbo and the Dwarves try to save the ponies but are also captured by the goblins. The Great Goblin tries to eat Thorin for carrying Orcrist the Goblin Cleaver, but is killed by Gandalf. They continue through the cave, but Bilbo gets lost during the escape and falls into a hole.
Bilbo wakes up in another cave, where a dark frog-like humanoid named Gollum lives in an underground lake. After finding a golden Ring on the ground, Bilbo is challenged to a riddle contest by Gollum; If Bilbo wins, Gollum shows him the way out. If Gollum wins, he gets to eat Bilbo. After a few riddles, Bilbo asks what he has in his pocket. Gollum is unable to answer, and loses, but first decides to show Bilbo his Ring, only to find it missing. By the time he returns, Bilbo puts the Ring on and turns invisible. Gollum thinks Bilbo knows the way out and goes to head him off. Bilbo follows him and runs past him (he has the chance to kill him here, but doesn't) out of the cave.
After rejoining Gandalf and the Dwarves, Bilbo continues his journey with them only to run into Goblins and Wargs. They are chased up a tree, and the goblins set the trees on fire, but eagles rescue them. The Lord of the Eagles does so because Gandalf healed him from an arrow-wound a long time ago. The eagles take them to the edge of Mirkwood, and it is here that Gandalf leaves them, leaving Bilbo in charge and instructing him to write a log.
Wandering through Mirkwood, Bilbo and the Dwarves are captured by spiders, but Bilbo escapes by killing a spider with his sword, and then names his sword Sting. He finds the Dwarves and cuts them free, killing a spider with a rock, and then they run from the spiders. Bilbo stays behind to put his Ring on and then fight the spiders, which are forced to retreat. When Bilbo finds the Dwarves, they are captured by Wood-elves. The Elvenking orders them locked away because, out of greed for the treasure, they won't tell him why they were in the forest.
After a while, Bilbo figures a way out; using his Ring, he steals a key from a drunken guard to get them out of their prison cells, and has them hide in empty barrels, with him riding on top of one, along the river, out of Mirkwood and toward Lake-town, where Thorin introduces himself as the grandson of the King under the Mountain. Bard the guardsman and his Men give them food, and they continue toward the end of their journey, at the Lonely Mountain. 
Bilbo finds the secret door while the thrush from earlier knocks on the hard stone, and Thorin unlocks it with the key. Bilbo enters to steal treasure from Smaug, and puts the Ring on to avoid being seen. He speaks in riddles to Smaug, and observes that the dragon has a weakness: a tiny unprotected spot on his chest, just below his neck. Bilbo takes off the Ring before he leaves, taking a gold cup with him, and Smaug breathes fire at him. He believes Bilbo to be from Lake-town, and goes there to destroy it in revenge. The same stone-knocking thrush, at Bilbo's command, tells Bard of Smaug's weakness, and Bard shoots Smaug with his black arrow, killing him, and saving Lake-town in the process.
Bard leads an army of men to the Lonely Mountain to inform Bilbo and the Dwarves that Smaug is gone and that he has been made king, and requests a share of the treasure to help rebuild Lake-town. Bilbo is willing to do this, as there is enough for all of them, but Thorin refuses. The Elvenking and his army arrive, also with the intent of getting treasure, and a three-way war is declared between Dwarves, Elves, and Men. 
Just when the three armies meet up to battle, Gandalf appears and tells them that an army of goblins is coming. Thorin, Bard, and the Elvenking join forces to fight the goblins, however they are at a disadvantage until the Eagles show up, making it a "Battle of Five Armies". All the goblins are defeated by the combined forces of Elves, Dwarves, Men, and Eagles (Beorn is absent). Six of the original thirteen Dwarves are killed (just one, Bombur, is named, and from the alive Dwarves, only Glóin is seen, while standing near dying Thorin). Thorin is mortally wounded, and dies of his injuries, but parts with Bilbo in friendship.
With two bags of gold as his share of the treasure, Bilbo goes back to the Shire with Gandalf, who says that this was only the beginning. The movie ends with the Ring placed in a glass case on Bilbo's mantel, and Bilbo's promise to publish his story, which he believes has come to its end (despite Gandalf's beliefs otherwise).
== Differences from the book ==
*All the Dwarves show up with Gandalf all at once in the film, rather than arriving in groups the day after Gandalf meets Bilbo and puts a mark on his door.
*Aside from Thorin, the only Dwarves who ever speak are Balin, Bombur and Dori. The exception is one line from Dwalin before Bilbo enters the Lonely Mountain, and Fíli and Kíli can be heard speaking near the beginning.
*The Company leaves Bilbo's hole on ponies, but after that the ponies are not seen until they are lost in crossing the Misty Mountains. In the book, the company rode ponies from Bag End to Rivendell.
*Bilbo is noticed by the Trolls as he sneaks up to steal some meat rather than disclosed by the Troll's "talking" purse.
*The Dwarves flee in terror from the Trolls and are picked up one at a time instead of walking blindly into the camp and being ambushed (except for Thorin, who puts up a fight).
*Gandalf apparently has the power to make the dawn come earlier to dispatch the Trolls, rather than tricking the Trolls by throwing his voice.
*The Troll cave does not have a locked door.
*Gandalf gives Thorin, Thrór's map of the Lonely Mountain and the key to Smaug's hideout in the troll cave rather than back at Bag End.
*Up in the mountains, there are no stone-giants playing games amidst the storm.
*Gandalf is missing in the cave, rather than sleeping, when the goblins emerge. The Dwarves are not grabbed, but run into the tunnel.
*The Dwarves do not fight the goblins in the tunnel.
*Bilbo specifically asked Gollum what he has in his pocket rather than muttering it aloud to himself. Gollum does not even try to guess, instead of demanding three guesses. Only 4 riddles are said in the film (there were 10 in the book). It is presumed these riddles took place, but were merely cut from the film.
*Bilbo pulls the Ring out of his pocket after Gollum says he is looking for his "golden ring, magic ring".
*Bilbo has no trouble getting out the back door (no goblins to sneak by or tight spots to fit through).
*Rather than meet the Wargs in the forest, the goblins come with them, riding on them and wielding torches (despite the Wargs' fear of fire in the book).
*The Great Eagles do not take the company to the Great Shelf, but to the edge of Mirkwood, bypassing Beorn (who does not appear in the film).
*The incident at the enchanted river, including Bombur's magical sleep, is omitted.
*The feasts of the Wood-elves are omitted, yet are referred to when the Wood-elves capture the Dwarves. This could be evidence that scenes depicting the Elves' feasts were made, but were also cut.
*The scene in which they stray off the path is cut, fading straight from Bilbo looking above the trees to when he wakes up being attacked by a spider.
*Bilbo has to fight and kill only four spiders rather than dozens and dozens. Bilbo's sword, Sting, always glows in the film regardless of whether goblins are nearby or not.
*Thorin is captured (instead of becoming victim of the Elves' magical sleep) with the other Dwarves by the spiders and then the Wood-elves.
*There is no stop-over from the journey via barrels from the Wood-elves' castle to Lake-town.
*There is no Master in Lake-town; Bard the guardsman runs the city.
*The Company does not make camp at the base of the mountain.
*Balin does not go with Bilbo into the Side-door.
*Bilbo has only one audience with Smaug and the thrush is present. Bilbo orders the thrush to seek Bard to tell him of Smaug's weakness.
*The Arkenstone and all that goes with it are omitted. In this instance, Thorin loses respect for Bilbo out of feeling the latter will never understand honour and war.
*Roäc the raven is omitted. In the book, the ravens tell the Dwarves that Smaug is slain and is sent to Dáin to call for assistance. In the film, the Dwarves wait, lost inside the Lonely Mountain, for a week, and it is never explained why Dáin arrives at such an opportune moment.
*The Company discovers the two armies coming when they are on the doorstep, rather than being warned in advance.
*Thorin and the Dwarves plan a suicidal last stand against the Elves and Men in a pitched battle outside the mountain and are pleasantly surprised when Dáin's army arrives.
*Ravenhill is not mentioned.
*The armies in the Battle of Five Armies are divided differently (Bilbo counts the Goblins and Wargs as one army; the Eagles are counted as a separate army).
*Beorn is never mentioned nor seen.
*In the book, only Thorin, Fíli and Kíli die from the battle, leaving 10 survivors from Thorin's company. In the movie, Thorin, Bombur and five other unnamed Dwarves are all killed. (In fact, Bombur was one of the Dwarves in the quest known to be still alive in the days of .) Glóin is the only other Dwarf whose fate is officially revealed in the movie, as he is seen covering up Thorin with a blanket after he dies. Another Dwarf (who does not clearly resemble anyone from the company) then lays Orcrist on top of Thorin's body. It's possible that this could be Dáin.
*Most of the return journey, including winter at Beorn's hall, a stop at Rivendell, and digging up gold they buried by the troll camp, is omitted.
*The auction back at Bag End is omitted.
*Gandalf and Balin's visit to Bag End years later is omitted.
== Critical reaction ==
The film was first broadcast on NBC in the United States, on November 27, 1977, and was tailored to children: the story was done in a very light-hearted style, and featured a lot of songs (most of which came from the book). Much of the story was simplified and several key parts are omitted.
The art is both praised and criticized. Some reviewers regard it as a strong point of the film. Rankin-Bass' traditionally cel-animated works were animated by the Japanese studio Top Craft, which was formed in 1972 as an offshoot of Toei Animation. Many Top Craft staffers, including the studio's founder Toru Hara (who was credited in some of Rankin/Bass' specials), would go on to join Studio Ghibli and work on Hayao Miyazaki's feature films.
The perceived accuracy of the resultant artwork varies with respect to the original book, with some scenes closely derived from written sources and previous illustrations. More creative license was taken with character illustrations: Gandalf has a hood instead of a hat; Gollum looks more "frog-like" in appearance than is described in the books, although Brother Theodore voice-work is generally praised. Elrond has a beard, although Elves do not generally grow beards in the books; and the Wood-elves, rather than being the "fair folk," are even uglier than the goblins and the Elvenking has a thick German accent in possible homage to Goethe's work Erlkönig. Smaug is extremely hairy for being a dragon, due to a literal interpretation of his being described as "cat-like".
In 1978, Romeo Muller won a Peabody Award for his teleplay for The Hobbit. The film was also nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, but lost to Star Wars.
== Follow-up ==
At the end of the film, Gandalf reveals to Bilbo that he is not only aware of Bilbo's Ring, but knows that it is in fact the One Ring, and foreshadows the events of . In the books, the Ring is not discovered to be the One Ring until . Such an indication would lead one to believe that Rankin/Bass was always intending to do a follow-up using story elements from The Lord of the Rings. Indeed, production had already begun on their adaptation of before The Hobbit had even originally aired).Archive on 11-Nov-2001 of NY Times - Will the Video Version of Tolkien Be Hobbit Forming? By JOHN CULHANE; November 27, 1977 However, it remains a mystery as to whether or not their plans for what story elements from The Lord of the Rings were originally conceived for inclusion in this follow-up were at all affected by the 1978 , which was also in production at that point.
== Cast ==
(as given in the end credits)
Actor 	Role
Orson Bean 	Bilbo Baggins
Richard Boone 	Smaug
Hans Conried 	Thorin Oakenshield
John Huston 	Gandalf the Grey
Otto Preminger 	The Elvenking
Cyril Ritchard 	Elrond
Theodore 	Gollum
Paul Frees 	Bombur, Bill Huggins - Troll Leader
Jack DeLeon 	Dwalin, Fíli, Kíli, Óin, Glóin, Ori, Nori, Bifur, Bofur, Bert - Troll #2, Goblin, Orc, Spiders, Wood-elves, Lake People
Don Messick 	Balin, Tom - Troll #3, Grinnah - The Goblin, Goblin, Orc, Gwaihir - Lord of the Eagles
John Stephenson 	Dori, Bard, Great Goblin
Glenn Robertson Yarbrough	The Balladeer
Thurl Ravenscroft 	Goblin, Orc, Bolg, Chorus
== Gallery ==
Image:The hobbit 1977 alignment chart by phenenas-d5z9k3e.png|A series of complications of notable characters and lines by Phenenas 
Image:Rers.png|Comparisons of the main characters between the two films by ArtfulHattress 
== References ==
== See also ==
* 
* 
== External links ==
*Screen captures from the Selectavision Videodisc edition. Also features links to galleries of screen captures from other Tolkien animated films.
 
Category:Movies
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