Haplorhini

Haplorhinis are a suborder of primates under the taxonomic ranking system. Their name translates to "simple nose", and in English they may also be referred to as the dry nosed primates. As said, these monkeys and apes are distinguished from their distant Strepsirrhini relatives by the way of their nose. These apes tend to have the characteristic monkey nose with its large flaring nostrils plastered onto the face's skin, or the variations thereof like in the proboscis monkey or humans. Strepsirrhini, on the other hand, have cold and wet noses like those in lemurs that are comparable to dogs, or the weirder variations that resemble bats but are clearly made with a different kind of skin. Haplorhinis have the mischievous, aggressive, complex societal, and intelligent features of monkeys whereas those of Strepsirrhini, while a little smart, tend to be closer to animals. According to Wikipedia, Pocock gave them the name in 1918 when he noticed that tarsiers looked different than lemurs, but that's incorrect. Going by the very reference they linked, he noted that lemurs and "pithecoids" were distinguished by way of their noses already, which in turn defined their drinking habits. Lemurs lap water up with their tongue, while monkeys suck in water with their lips. Tarsiers have a nose that's kind of inbetween but, in Pococks opinion, leans towards the dry nose look. Despite the anatomical structures of the muzzle resembling monkeys, they are said to lap up water instead. Thus he decided that tarsiers represented an ancient line from between the two groups. Therefore, the differences between lemurs (and their near relatives) and monkeys (and the apes) was already noted by scientists at this point of time. However, he doesn't mention the words haplorhini or strepsirrini, so the distinguishment in taxonomy was different at this point in time.https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1918.tb02076.x
I'm still unsure of when Haplorhini and Strepsirrhini separated according to the theory of evolution, but Wikipedia thinks it was soon after primates themselves evolved 63 million years ago. Then later it says that they changed 74 million years ago.https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplorhini&oldid=1183831182 
Tarsiers and other monkeys lack a different feature that's very important to defining these animals. Most mammals create their own vitamin C. This actually allows humans to be carnivorous by choice (like Inuits) as both red meat and fish supply vitamin C, though it's difficult to detect in meats for some reason (if I remember right). However, monkeys don't produce vitamin C, which means they have to obtain it from fruit. This is likely what pushed their diets to become heavily frugivorous.
== References ==
Category:Haplorhini