1st millennium BC

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The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of many successive empires. 
The Neo-Assyrian Empire, followed by the Achaemenids. In Greece, Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of Hellenism. The close of the millennium sees the rise of the Roman Empire. In South Asia, the Vedic civilization blends into the Maurya Empire. The early Celts dominate Central Europe while Northern Europe is in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. The Scythians dominate Central Asia. In China, the Spring and Autumn Period sees the rise of Confucianism. Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states. The Maya civilization rises in Central America, while in Africa, Ancient Egypt begins its decline, rise of the Nubian Empire, and Aksum 's birth. The religions of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism (Vedic religion and Vedanta), Jainism and Buddhism develop. Graeco-Roman Europe, India and China see the rise of literature.
World population greatly increases in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 to 400 million people at its close depending on the estimates used.
==Events==
The events in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Events of the 1st millennium BC
  	Africa 	America 	Asia 	Europe 	Oceania
10th century BC 	1000 BC rise of Nok culture 1000 B.C. decline of Tichit -Walata1000 Beginning of East/South Bantu expansion 	1000 BC rise of Chavín de Huántar in Peru1000 BC Settlement of Poverty Point, Louisiana reached its height 	967 BC Solomon anointed king of Israel 925 BC Judah secedes from Israel 	1000 BC Helladic period ended in Ancient Greece 	 
9th century BC 	872 BC Nile floods the Temple of Luxor 836 BC Civil war in Egypt 814 BC Carthage founded 	900 BC La Venta replaces San Lorenzo (Olmec)900 BC Rise of Tres Zapotes850 BC Rise of Zapotec civilization in Mexico 	  	863 BC Bath founded 	 
8th century BC 	740 BC Kushite Piye begins reign727 BC Kush conquers Egypt, 25 dynasty 701 BC Kushites repels Assyrians from Jerusalem 	800 BC Kaminaljuyu established (Maya)800 BC Rise of Adena culture in Ohio800 BC Beginning of corn cultivation on Amazon flood plain 	738 BC Assyria invades Israel 727 BC Babylonia secedes from Assyria 722 BC Israel is conquered by Assyria	800 BC rise of Etruscan civilization 776 BC first Olympiad 753 BC Rome founded 	 
7th Century BC 	700 BC Pre-Aksumite674 BC Taharqa defeats Assyrian invasion671 BC Kushites expelled from Egypt by Assyrians 	700 BC Poverty Point (Louisiana) abandoned700 BC Many temple centres abandoned on coast of Peru 	700 BC Upanishads written 631 BC End of the Assyrian Empire 	  	 
6th century BC 	592 BC Psamtik II sack Napata600 BC Iron making around Great Lakes region600 BC circa, Nok iron smelting 	600 BC Rise of Paracas culture (Peru)600 BC writing system appears in Mexico600 BC Ball courts appear in Olmec centres 	539 BC Persians conquer Babylon
528 BC Buddhism founded 	509 BC Roman Republic established 	 
5th century BC 	500 BC Trans-saharan trade in full bloom from Morocco to Senegal River500 BC Meroe becomes center of iron production 500 BC Development of Ge'ez alphabet	500 BC Northwest Coast native peoples begin to flourish500 BC Hieroglyphic inscriptions produced in Zapotec centre of Monte Albán450 BC Mound building in eastern North America 	450 BC Tanakh compiled 486 BC Grand Canal begun 	490 BC Battle of Marathon 480 BC Battle of Thermopylae 431 BC Peloponnesian War	500 BC Austronesian peoples settle Western Polynesia
4th century BC 	343 BC Persia conquers Egypt338 Khabash revolts against Persian occupation 332 BC Alexander conquers Egypt 	400 BC Emergence of Moche civilisation in Peru350 BC Beginnings of Nasca culture in southern Peru350 BC Inca metal work 	334 BC Greece conquers Persia 321 BC Rise of the Mauryan Empire 	395 BC Corinthian War 	 
3rd century BC 	300 BC Tafinagh script developed 300 BC Meroe becomes capital of Kush202 BC Battle of Zama 	250 BC First Mayan hieroglyphics300 BC The double-spout-and-bridge bottle becomes widespread250 BC Grave Creek Mound built in West Virginia 	221 BC China unified 	264 BC First Punic War 218 BC Second Punic War 	 
2nd century BC 	200 BC Djenné settled 200 BC Meroitic script in completed form146 BC Carthage final defeat,Roman province of Africa 	200 BC Zapotec state develops in Mexico200 BC Great temple complex declines at Chavín de Huántar, Peru200 BC Elite Calima burials with rich grave-goods deposited in Malagana, Colombia	185 BC Fall of the Maurya Empire 	149 BC Third Punic War 	 
1st century BC  	100 BC Aksum develops its Indian, Red Sea trade links31 BC Rome conquers Egypt 20 BC Meroites thwart Roman conquest 	100 BC Rise of the Hopewell exchange system along the Mississippi100 BC Rise of Teotihuacán in Mexico50 BC Rise of the Iputiak in Alaska 	  	146 BC Battle of Corinth31 BC Battle of Actium 	 
==Significant people==
The people in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Significant people of the 1st millennium BC
  	Africa 	America	Asia 	Europe 	Oceania
10th century BC 	Shoshenq I 	  	King David of IsraelZoroaster Zoraster is ranked Number 93 	  	 
9th century BC 	Osorkon I 	  	  	Homer Homer is ranked Number 98 	 
8th century BC 	Piye 	  	Isaiah 	Romulus and Remus 	 
7th Century BC 	TaharqaPsamtik I 	 	Jeremiah 	  	 
6th century BC 	AspeltaPsamtik IIApries 	  	Mahavira Mahavira is ranked Number 100 Lao Zi Lao Tzu is ranked Number 73 Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great is ranked Number 87	Leonidas 	 
5th century BC 	BaskakerenHarsiotef 	  	Gautama Buddha Buddha is ranked Number 4 Confucius Confucius is ranked Number 5 Darius I of Persia 	PericlesSocratesPlato Plato is ranked Number 40 	 
4th century BC 	KhabashNastasen 	  	Pānini ChandraguptaMencius Mencius is ranked Number 92 	Aristotle Aristotle is ranked Number 13 Alexander the Great Alexander the Great is ranked Number 33	 
3rd century BC 	Hannibal 	  	Ashoka Asoka is ranked Number 53Pingala Qin Shi Huang Shih Huang Ti is ranked Number 17 	Euclid Euclid is ranked Number 14 Archimedes Archimedes is ranked Number 102 	 
2nd century BC 	Hasdrubal the Boeotarch 	  	Jonathan Maccabaeus Emperor Wu of Han 	  	 
1st century BC 	ZoskalesAmanirenas Cleopatra	  	Herod the Great Sima Qian 	Cicero Julius Caesar Julius Caesar is ranked Number 67 Virgil 	 
==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
Inventions, discoveries and introductions
Communication	Math and Science	Agriculture	Transportation	Warfare
* alphabet 	
* buoyancy
* Geometry
* Pythagorean theorem
* Spherical earth
* atoms
*water clock	
  	
*first railway
*superships
*lighthouse	
*warship
*crossbow
*siege engine
==Cultural landmarks==
*The Axial Age (8th century BC—2nd century BC), according to the theory of Karl Jaspers.
*Late 3rd century BC or 2nd century BC—Veiled and masked dancer is made. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
==Centuries and decades==
10th century BC	990s BC	980s BC	970s BC	960s BC	950s BC	940s BC	930s BC	920s BC	910s BC	900s BC
9th century BC 	890s BC	880s BC	870s BC	860s BC	850s BC	840s BC	830s BC	820s BC	810s BC	800s BC
8th century BC 	790s BC	780s BC	770s BC	760s BC	750s BC	740s BC	730s BC	720s BC	710s BC	700s BC
7th century BC 	690s BC	680s BC	670s BC	660s BC	650s BC	640s BC	630s BC	620s BC	610s BC	600s BC
6th century BC 	590s BC	580s BC	570s BC	560s BC	550s BC	540s BC	530s BC	520s BC	510s BC	500s BC
5th century BC 	490s BC	480s BC	470s BC	460s BC	450s BC	440s BC	430s BC	420s BC	410s BC	400s BC
4th century BC 	390s BC	380s BC	370s BC	360s BC	350s BC	340s BC	330s BC	320s BC	310s BC	300s BC
3rd century BC 	290s BC	280s BC	270s BC	260s BC	250s BC	240s BC	230s BC	220s BC	210s BC	200s BC
2nd century BC 	190s BC	180s BC	170s BC	160s BC	150s BC	140s BC	130s BC	120s BC	110s BC	100s BC
1st century BC 	90s BC 	80s BC 	70s BC 	60s BC 	50s BC 	40s BC 	30s BC 	20s BC 	10s BC 	0s BC
==See also==
==References==
 
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