Mechanical augmentation

Mechanical augmentation involves the use of cybernetics in order to improve or replace human body parts. It is distinguished from basic limb prosthetics in that they interface directly with the central nervous system, as opposed to just the ends of peripheral nerves.
With technological advancement, it soon became the first method of augmentation which allowed people to assume superhuman abilities, albeit not without limitations. The most concerning of these is the body's rejection of the augmentations, known as Darrow Deficiency Syndrome. The only known way to counteract this is for the affected individual to take the anti-rejection drug, Neuropozyne, for the rest of their lives or else suffer from migraines, seizures, or even death.
With research beginning as early as the , mechanical augmentations became widespread by the . It was the predecessor and research template to physiopharmaceutical augmentation and the much more advanced nanotechnological augmentation that came into use by the .
== Technological Development ==
=== Early Development ===
The main obstacle in mechanical augmentation was finding the perfect interface between man and machine. While external prosthetics can be made from hypoallergenic materials, there was no such luxury when implanting devices in the brain. Early augmentation projects addressed human diseases such as Parkinson's Disease, where patients had metal electrodes inserted into their brains to stop the tremors. While successful, the unfortunate side effect of using stiff metal electrodes was their vulnerability to impacts caused by bodily movements. This caused tissue injury and compromised the device's effectiveness.the eBook Neural Interface Protocols: The PEDOT Revolution
In , Darrow Industries made a breakthrough that would revolutionize augmentations: they pioneered the PEDOT cluster array to create a biocompatible matrix device known as the biochip.Timeline on the official Deus Ex website The basis of the biochip was to use PEDOT, an organic conducting polymer, for the electrodes, which were attached to artificial neurons grown specifically for the device. The entire biochip would then be implanted into the host's brain and, because of the PEDOT cluster's entirely organic construction and its neuron to neuron interface, would be less prone to side effects. However, the biochips still suffered from glial tissue buildup around the PEDOT cluster, which is detectable by elevated levels of cytotoxic-M and DDS-Y enzymes in the matrix. Not only did this compromise the effectiveness of the biochip, but it could also lead to rejection, known as Darrow Deficiency Syndrome (DDS). To prevent this, augmented individuals had to take Neuropozyne, which broke down the buildup of glial tissue.
Even with all the groundbreaking advancements into mechanical augmentations, there remained a very small percentage of the population whose bodies would still reject them due to being genetically incompatible. Among these people was the father of mechanical augmentations himself, Hugh Darrow. To help with this, Darrow Industries published the first genetic compatibility test in to determine if an individual's body would accept or reject augmentations.
=== 2020s Development ===
By the 2020s, many biotechnology companies existed all over the world and were helping to advance mechanical augmentations, making them commonplace (but still controversial) in society. One such company, Sarif Industries, which had been founded in and had quickly grown to become one of the major biotech companies by , was on the verge of a breakthrough.
Despite it being over 20 years since the first biochip had been developed, nobody had yet figured out how to prevent the glial tissue buildup that ultimately led to rejection if Neuropozyne was not taken. This all changed when Sarif Industries' head researcher, Megan Reed, created the X1 biochip prototype with her team. Unlike previous biochips, the X1 biochip's PEDOT cluster incorporated a mutagenic chemical composition that was isolated from the DNA strands of Patient X. After six weeks of testing against a regular biochip, the team discovered that not only did the X1 biochip have no noticeable glial tissue buildup, but it also appeared to strengthen its neural connections, meaning Neuropozyne would no longer be necessary.the eBook Composite Study 07121969 -- FINAL TEST RESULTSthe eBook AJ09-0921 Patient X
However, mechanical augmentation was still a controversial subject in society, with people evenly split on pushing for or against them. Due to this, Reed and her team were scheduled to present and defend their research on the X1 biochip in Washington D.C. in 2027. If successful, they could pave the way for everyone to be safely augmented with no drawbacks. Unfortunately, the night before they were due in Washington D.C., Sarif Industries Headquarters was attacked and Reed and her team kidnapped, though it was made to look like they had been killed. As a result, their findings never went public.
=== Clandestine Development ===
While many legitimate biotech companies, like Sarif Industries (and presumably Isolay and Caidin Global) developed mechanical augmentations using standard research procedures, some companies, like Tai Yong Medical, conducted illegal and inhumane experiments on detainees and kidnapped civilians. With help from VersaLife, TYM used the black site, Rifleman Bank Station, for ongoing research into the Hyron Project. Detainees were experimented on against their will and, if found compatible, operated on to such an extent that even if they survived the surgery, they would typically die within a year once connected to the Hyron.
Anyone who was not compatible with the Hyron Project was then sent to another black site, Omega Ranch, which was owned by Hugh Darrow. Here, further experiments were carried out, with the subjects ultimately dying from various complications. Sarif Industries' kidnapped scientists had been taken here and, using Reed's research, made to work on a biochip that would limit the abilities of augmented people.
=== Post-Aug Incident Development ===
After the Aug Incident in 2027, the UN took advantage of the crisis and passed the Taggart Act, which strictly regulated and restricted the mechanical augmentation industry. This act, combined with the aftermath of the Aug Incident, caused nearly every biotech company to collapse, except for TYM, allowing the Illuminati backed company to finally absorb all the rest. Near the end of , the company announced a dampening chip that would make augs "safe again." Meanwhile, one of TYM's former scientists, Vadim Orlov, helped develop several experimental augmentations, like the Nanoblade projectile/explosive upgrade, TESLA, and Titan Shield, before leaving the company.
=== 2050s Development ===
By the , many mechanical augmentations had been developed into smaller devices, such as implants that would release steroids or prosthetics that replaced small limb parts. Perhaps the most notable was the occipital jack, used for interfacing with computers (including playing games), and available to teenagers as young as 16 with parental consent. 
By , clinics offered augmentations, but extensive mechanical augmentation, hinted to replace as much as 90% of the human body, had become rare and expensive to maintain. It's believed that sometime between and 2052, a cure was finally made publicly available to prevent DDS as Neuropozyne is no longer needed. With the emergence of nano-augmentation in the 2050s, mechanical augmentation was on its way to becoming obsolete and by it was completely replaced by nano-augmentation.
== Effects on Society ==
=== 2020s (Pre-Aug Incident) ===
By the 2020s, a social rift began to emerge between augmented and non-augmented citizens. While mechanical augmentation had become widespread, there was still a significant opposition to it that believed the technology could be abused, despite the apparent benefits it brought. Additionally, black markets started to arise around mechanical augmentations in the form of illegal clinics and unlicensed or stolen augmentations. Harvesters became known and feared for kidnapping augs off the streets, then "harvesting" their augmentations to be put on the black market, often killing the victim in the process.
Several prominent people advocating against the use of augmentations included William Taggart, the head of Humanity Front, and Ezekiel Sanders, the head of the radical organization, Purity First. While these two individuals had personal reasons for denouncing augmentations, few realized Taggart was actually pushing the Illuminati's views as, with the change in social order that comes with technological advancement, it meant losing control over the masses. However, the Illuminati was secretly working on plans so they could control augmented people with a modified biochip, allowing them to limit an augmented person's abilities when needed.
In 2027, tensions continued to build, with Sarif Industries being attacked twice in 6 months and William Taggart's assistant killed by an augmented faction, which was secretly orchestrated by the Illuminati to push the UN to consider regulations on augmentations.Deus Ex: Icarus Effect This all came to a head when Picus (an Illuminati controlled corporation) released satellite footage claiming to be images of tortuous experiments being performed on augmented super soldiers. This in turn caused widespread rioting around the world, with many of it concentrated around biotech companies like Sarif Industries.Anti-Augmentation Riots Erupt Worldwide
With the world in chaos over mechanical augmentations, the Illuminati had WHO do a recall, claiming recent glitches were being caused by a malfunctioning biochip. In reality, they were intentionally causing them so that augmented individuals would have their biochips replaced with a modified version that would allow the Illuminati to control them.
Seeing how his invention drastically changed the world, and being called on to say something in all the ensuing chaos, Hugh Darrow finally came forth to speak and invited hundreds of notable people to Panchaea, including David Sarif and William Taggart. Despite being an Illuminatus, Darrow went against the group's intentions and, on live TV, broadcasted a signal that caused those with the modified biochip to go crazy and start attacking and killing everyone around them. By the time his signal was shut down the damage had already been done, with 50 million people dead and countless others injured.Deus Ex Mankind Divided - 101 Trailer
=== Post Aug Incident ===
After the signal was shut down, Panchaea collapsed under the ocean's pressure and all information on the signal was either obscured or destroyed. This allowed the Illuminati to spin the media to blame augs for all the deaths, and the world began to move against them after what became known as the Aug Incident.
By , cities that once welcomed augs, like Prague, had started to discriminate and treat them like second-class citizens by requiring them to have travel papers and permits, go through additional security checkpoints, ride separate trains, and, in some cases, be denied business services. Many could not afford the costs of acquiring the permits and, as a result, aug ghettos started to spring up, like Prague's Golem City and Dresden's Glasshütte, where poverty and poor living conditions were rampant, police brutality was a common sight, and Neuropozyne supplies were kept artificially low to control the aug population. This caused the formation of several aug rights groups, with the largest faction being the Augmented Rights Coalition led by Talos Rucker. Originally formed before the Incident to help newly augmented people adjust, it reorganized itself to peacefully protest the violations against augs around the world. Despite this, many anti-aug groups claimed ARC was a terrorist organization and blamed them for several attacks. It did not help matters when Rucker moved into Golem City itself, making it the de facto headquarters for ARC, which many saw as a move to recruit embittered members prone to causing more attacks against the non-augmented.
In early , things became more heated when the Illuminati, through a series of carefully orchestrated events, caused several augmented terrorists' attacks within the span of a few days, including using augmented children as bombs and the kidnapping of a well known anti-aug reporter, Titus King. Fueled by these actions, they had their politicians push for the UN to consider United Nations Resolution 3507, better known as the Human Restoration Act, which called for the removal or downgrading of unlicensed or overly powered augmentations. It also wanted to push for augs to have to carry official papers about their augmentations and be required to have a control chip implanted. If any individual refused, they were to be removed and put into a segregated housing facility. 
To try and make sure it passed, the Illuminati implanted a mole, Viktor Marchenko, into ARC to frame the group for a wave of terrorist's attacks. Secretly using some resentful ARC members that wanted to take action, Marchenko had them attack several areas in Prague, including bombing Růžička Station. Rucker, who had suspected the power struggle within the organization was being caused by the attackers, had started to investigate and found evidence someone within ARC was trying to undermine their peaceful approach, but before he could learn more he was killed by Marchenko under the Illuminati's orders. With nobody else in the way, Marchenko then took over ARC.
However, the Illuminati felt they needed one final push, so they turned their attention towards the well-known billionaire, Nathaniel Brown, who was a strong advocate against the Human Restoration Act and, unlike Rucker, had the power and money to prevent it from passing. Brown, intent on swaying UN members to say no to the act, decided to hold a conference, known as the Safe Harbour Initiative, in London. When the Illuminati learned of the time and place where it was being held, they had Marchenko infiltrate the building using their augmented soldiers to try and kill Brown and the UN delegates.
=== 2050s ===
With the emergence of nanotechnological augmentation, mechanical augmentations started to become obsolete. Similar to the social divide in the 2020s between non-augmented and augmented people, a rift was forming between nano-augmented and mechanically augmented individuals due to the latter's inability to blend in with others and thus, rejected by society, while nano-augmented were not due to their augmentations being discreet. 
== List of mechanical augmentations ==
This lists only augmentations the player can obtain, therefore mechanical augmentations in games like Deus Ex do not appear as mechanically augmented characters, like Gunther Hermann, are not playable. Mentioned-only augs, like the occipital jack, also do not appear.
Click the game's associated icon to learn more about that particular augmentation or go to the pages listed here for a specific game's list.
Area 	Augmentation 	DX:HR 	DX:TF 	DX:MD
Cranium 	Hacking Capture 	 	 	
Cranium 	Hacking Fortify 	 	 	
Cranium 	Hacking Stealth 	 	 	
Cranium 	Infolink 	 	 	
Cranium 	Micro-Assembler 	 	 	
Cranium 	Social Enhancer 	 	 	
Cranium 	Stealth Enhancer 	 	 	
Eyes 	LiDAR Mark-Tracker 	 	 	
Eyes 	Retinal Prosthesis 	 	 	
Eyes 	Smart Vision 	 	 	
Eyes 	Stealth Avatar 	 	 	
Cranium/Eyes	Wayfinder Radar System 	(Cranium)	(Eyes)	(Eyes)
Arm 	Aim Stabilizer 	 	 	
Arm 	Cybernetic Arm Prosthesis 	 	 	
Arm 	Cybernetic Weapon Handling 	 	 	
Arm 	Nanoblade 	 	 	
Arm 	P.E.P.S. 	 	 	
Arm 	Remote Hacking 	 	 	
Arm 	TESLA 	 	 	
Torso 	Implanted Rebreather 	 	 	
Torso 	Sarif Series 8 Energy Converter 	 	 	
Torso 	Sentinel RX Health System 	 	 	
Back 	Focus Enhancement 	 	 	
Back 	Icarus Dash 	 	 	
Back 	Icarus Landing System 	 	 	
Back 	Quicksilver Reflex Booster 	 	 	
Torso/Back 	Typhoon 	(Torso) 	 	(Back)
Skin 	Glass-Shield Cloaking System 	 	 	
Skin 	Rhino Dermal Armor 	 	 	
Skin 	Sub-Dermal Electrostatic Armor Plating	 	 	
Skin 	TITAN Shield 	 	 	
Legs 	Cybernetic Leg Prosthesis 	 	 	
== Manufacturers ==
This is a list of known mechanical augmentation manufacturers during the 2020s.
Name 	Description
Advanced Cybernetics PLC	A Brazilian based company.
Caidin Global 	Also known as CG, Caidin augmentations are noted for being high quality and their leg prosthesis is compatible with TYM mounts, allowing for easy replacement without additional surgery.
Cy-Pro Clinical 	A U.S. based company.
Insight Manufacturing 	A Korean based company.
Isolay 	A Western company that produces both consumer augmentations and atheletic augmentations. They were the first company to collapse in the aftermath of the Aug Incident.Deus Ex: Fallen Angel
Keski & Sons 	An Icelandic based company.
Kusanagi 	An international manufacturer, they collapsed and were bought out by TYM in the wake of the Aug Incident.
Laredo Manufacturing 	A Chilean company acquired by TYM in 2027.Tai Yong Medical Continues Global Expansion
Mert International 	A German based company.Next targets - e-mail on Kevin Mitnick's computer
N-Pro Tech 	A Scottish based company acquired by TYM in 2027.Augmentation Giant Expands
Sarif Industries 	Also known as SI, they were a U.S. based company founded by David Sarif in Detroit, and the main rival of TYM. On top of commercial augmentations, they also worked on military augmentations for the U.S. Department of Defense. After the Aug Incident they collapsed and were bought out by TYM.
Shilung Prosthetics 	A company that was acquired by TYM.(no subject) - e-mail on Zhao Yun Ru's computer
Tai Yong Medical 	Also known as TYM, they're a large manufacturer headquartered in Hengsha, China and back by the Illuminati. They aggressively acquire other companies with the Illuminati's help and are estimated by some to hold the largest market share in 2027.Collapse of an Industry After the Aug Incident, TYM is the only major manufacturer to survive the augmentation industry's collapse.
The Love Co. 	A company specializing in augmentations designed for sex."The Love. Co. company logo is found on the augs of a female prostitute.
Tusccani 	A company that produces a cybernetic arm."RE: This week's list" (pocket secretary)
Varenoa Industries 	A company that produces cybernetic arm and leg prosthesis.Blueprints found in the Tai Yong Medical vault in Palisade Property Bank during Deus Ex: Mankind Divided
==Mechanically Augmented Individuals==
===Deus Ex===
*Anna Navarre
*Gunther Hermann
*Guy	
*Jordan Shea
*Louis
*Rock	
*Sam Carter
*Smuggler
===Deus Ex: Invisible War===
*No humans, as mechanical augmentation is considered impractical and obsolete since the advent of nano-augmentation. However, it is used on dogs to create cyberdogs and baboons to create rucks.
=== Deus Ex: Human Revolution ===
*Adam Jensen
*Arie van Bruggen
*Athene Margoulis
*David Sarif
*Double-T
*Faridah Malik
*Francis Pritchard
*Garvin Quinn	
*Jacob White
*Jaron Namir
*Jaya
*Katrina Sutherland
*Lawrence Barrett
*MCB Gang Leader
*Michael Zelazny
*Netanya Keitner	
*Ny'ashia Akim
*Pieter Burke
*Quincy Durant
*Tong Si Hung
*Vasili Sevchenko
*Yelena Fedorova
*Yune
*Zhao Yun Ru
* Many others, as mechanical augmentation is the only commercial form of augmentation in 2027
=== Deus Ex: The Fall ===
*Alex Vega
*Anna Kelso
*Ben Saxon
*Jaron Namir	
*Lawrence Barrett
*Nadine Stollock
*Sam Duarte	
*Scott Hardesty
*Yelena Fedorova
* Many others, as mechanical augmentation is the only commercial form of augmentation in 2027
=== Deus Ex: Mankind Divided ===
* Adam Jensen
* Alex Vega
* Allison Stanek
* Angela Gunn
* Aurelius Milkovich
* Daria Myška
* David Sarif
* Dušan Sokol
* Edward Brod
* Entity
* Felice Ullmann	
* Francis Pritchard
* Frederick Flossy
* Hector Guerrero
* Irenka Bauer
* Ivan Berk
* Johnny Gunn
* Kazatel
* Little k
* Luboš
* Madame Photographe
* Martine Onziema	
* Ny'ashia Akim
* Olivie Devos
* Peter Wörthmüller
* Radich Nikoladze
* Talos Rucker
* Teresa Petrauskas
* Theodore Zenga
* Tibor Sokol
* Václav Koller
* Victor Marchenko
* Many others, as mechanical augmentation is the only commercial form of augmentation in 2029 (though it has been heavily lobbied against and is now considered a social stigma by many)
== Notes ==
*The field of science that aims to integrate mechanical elements, electronics, and parts of biological organisms together in the real world is called . A fact that is acknowledged in an eBook about Hugh Darrow.
== See Also ==
* Augmentations (DXHR) for augmentations in Deus Ex: Human Revolution
* Augmentations (DXTF) for augmentations in Deus Ex: The Fall
* Augmentations (DXMD) for augmentations in Deus Ex: Mankind Divided
==Gallery==
===Deus Ex===
GuntherHermann2.png|Gunther Hermann
GuntherHermannMechAugs.png|Overall view of Gunther Hermann's mechanical augmentations
AnnaNavarreMechAugs.png|Overall view of Anna Navarre's mechanical augmentations
JordanSheaMechAugs.png|Overall view of Jordan Shea's mechanical augmentations
RockMechAugs.png|Overall view of Rock model's mechanical augmentations
JoJoSamDXBetaMechAugs.png|Overall view of JoJo Fine model's, Sam Carter's and Deus Ex beta mechanical augmentations
SamCarterConceptArt.png|Sam Carter concept art
GuntherHermannConceptArt.png|Gunther Hermann concept art
GuntherHermannConceptArt2.png|Another Gunther Hermann concept art
===Deus Ex: Human Revolution===
Aug blueprint 1.jpg|Dermal Plating schematic
Aug blueprint 4.jpg|Glass Shield Cloaking System schematic
Aug blueprint 3.jpg|Typhoon Explosive System schematic
Aug blueprint 2.jpg|Combat Nano-Ceramic Blade schematic
RetinalProsthesis2.png|Retinal Prosthesis
RetinalProsthesis.png
CyberneticArmProsthesis2.png|Cybernetic Arm Prosthesis
CyberneticArmProsthesis.png
CASIE2.png|CASIE (Computer-Assisted Social Interaction Enhancer)
CASIE.png
CyberneticLegProsthesis2.png|Cybernetic Leg Prosthesis
CyberneticLegProsthesis.png
DermalPlatedCyberneticHandProsthesis2.png|Dermal Plated Cybernetic Hand Prosthesis
DermalPlatedCyberneticHandProsthesis.png
Dxhrf.jpg|Retinal Prosthesis of Adam Jensen
Deus ex human revolution gdc 13.jpg|Combat Nano-Ceramic Blade of Adam Jensen
limb-augpacks.png|Cybernetic arm and leg packages in a LIMB clinic
Mech aug LIMB clinic.png|A mechanically augmented man in a LIMB clinic
Thierry-doizon-dxhr-bt-cha-early02.jpg|Early augmentation/prosthesis researches
===Deus Ex: Mankind Divided===
DXMD Jensen heart augmentation.jpg|Heart augmentation
DXMD Jensen implanted rebreather augmentation.jpg|Implanted rebreather augmentation
DXMD Jensen spine augmentation.jpg|Spine augmentation
DXMD PEPS Augmentation.jpg|Experimental PEPS augmentation
Marchenko arm1.jpg|Marchenko arm
Isolay arm aug.jpg|Talos Rucker's arm
DXMD arm gun.jpg|Shotgun arm augmentation
DXMD arm shotgun.jpg|Shotgun arm augmentation
DXMD buzzsaw augmentation.jpg|Buzzsaw arm augmentation
DXMD various arm augmentations.jpg|Various arm augmentations
DXMD civilian arm augmentations.jpg|Civilian arm and hand augmentation
Madame Photographe hands concept.jpg|Madame Photographe's hands
Isolay legs concept.jpg|Isolay legs
Leg augmentations MD.jpg|Leg augmentations
== References ==
Category:Technology
Category:Augmentations
Category:Gameplay
Category:Lore