Guardian of Scotland

The Guardians of Scotland were regents who governed the Kingdom of Scotland from 1286 until 1292 and from 1296 until 1306. During the many years of minority in Scotland's subsequent history, there were many guardians of Scotland and the post was a significant constitutional feature in the course of development for politics in the country.
==Guardians of Scotland during the First Interregnum 1286–1292==
* William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
* Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
* John Comyn II of Badenoch
* James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
* Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan
* Donnchadh III, Earl of Fife
In a letter (written in Old French) from the Scots Parliament of 1290, sitting at Birgham, confirming the Treaty of Salisbury, the guardians of Scotland are listed as:
"... Guillaume de Seint Andreu et Robert de Glasgu evesques, Johan Comyn et James Seneschal de Escoce, gardeins du reaume de Escoce..."
English translation: "William [Fraser] of St Andrews and Robert [Wishart] of Glasgow bishops, John Comyn and James the Steward of Scotland, guardians of the kingdom of Scotland".
* Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan (13 June 1291 – ????)
==Guardians of Scotland during the Second Interregnum 1296–1306==
Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland 	Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland 	Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland
Guardian(Time in office) 	Guardian(Time in office) 	Guardian(Time in office)
Sir William Wallace and Andrew de Moray(1297–1298)	Sir William Wallace and Andrew de Moray(1297–1298)	Sir William Wallace and Andrew de Moray(1297–1298)
Sir Robert the Bruce(1298–1300) 	John Comyn III(1298–1301) 	—
Sir Robert the Bruce(1298–1300) 	John Comyn III(1298–1301) 	William de Lamberton(1299–1301)
Sir Ingram de Umfraville(1300–1301) 	John Comyn III(1298–1301) 	William de Lamberton(1299–1301)
Sir John de Soules(1301–1304) 	Sir John de Soules(1301–1304) 	Sir John de Soules(1301–1304)
==Guardians during the minority and reign of David II==
The Guardians during the minority and reign of David II were:
* Sir Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (1329–1332), appointed by the Act of Settlement of 1318.
* Donald, Earl of Mar (1332, for ten days)
* Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell (1332 until captured by the English at Roxburgh Bridge in October).
* Sir Archibald Douglas (1332 until killed at the Battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333)
* Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell for the second time (1335–1338)
* Robert the Steward, nephew (older in years) to David and future king of Scotland. Robert was guardian on four occasions, sometimes jointly, and latterly twice during the eleven years of the king's enforced absence as a prisoner in England after the Battle of Neville's Cross (1346–1357). He used these years to build a large power base in the country, especially north of the Forth.
==See also==
*Competitors for the crown of Scotland
*List of regents in Scotland
*History of Scotland
*Politics of Scotland
==References==
==Sources==
* Mack, James Logan (1926). The Border Line. Pub. Oliver & Boyd. pp. 317–322. 
* McNaught, Duncan (1912). Kilmaurs Parish and Burgh. Pub. A.Gardner. p. 9.
==External links==
*Cast of the seal of the Guardians of Scotland (NAS reference RH17/1/17) and Saint Andrew seals Scotland's independence; at the National Archives of Scotland
*Seal impression (cast), of Guardians of Scotland; at the National Museums of Scotland
 
Category:Wars of Scottish Independence
Category:1290s in Scotland
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Category:Lists of Scottish people
Category:1300s in Scotland