Royal Marriages Act 1772

The Royal Marriages Act 1772 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which prescribed the conditions under which members of the British royal family could contract a valid marriage, in order to guard against marriages that could diminish the status of the royal house. The right of veto vested in the sovereign by this act provoked severe adverse criticism at the time of its passage.C. Grant Robertson, Select statutes, cases and documents to illustrate English constitutional history(4th edn. 1923) pages 245–7Lord Mackay of Clashfern, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, ed. Halsbury's Laws of England (4th edn. 1998), volume 21 (1), Page 21
It was repealed as a result of the 2011 Perth Agreement, which came into force on 26 March 2015. Under the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, the first six people in the line of succession need permission to marry if they and their descendants are to remain in the line of succession.
==Provisions==
The Act said that no descendant of King George II, male or female, other than the issue of princesses who had married or might thereafter marry "into foreign families", could marry without the consent of the reigning monarch, "signified under the great seal and declared in council". That consent was to be set out in the licence and in the register of the marriage, and entered in the books of the Privy Council. Any marriage contracted without the consent of the monarch was to be null and void.
However, any member of the royal family over the age of 25 who had been refused the sovereign's consent could marry one year after giving notice to the Privy Council of their intention so to marry, unless both houses of Parliament expressly declared their disapproval. There is, however, no instance in which the sovereign's formal consent in Council was refused.
The Act further made it a crime to perform or participate in an illegal marriage of any member of the royal family. This provision was repealed by the Criminal Law Act 1967.Criminal Law Act 1967, Section 13 and Schedule 4.
==Rationale==
The Act was proposed by George III as a direct result of the marriage of his brother, Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, who in 1771 had married the commoner Anne Horton, the daughter of Simon Luttrell and the widow of Christopher Horton. Royal Assent was given to the Act on 1 April 1772, and it was only on 13 September following that the King learned that another brother, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, had in 1766 secretly married Maria, the illegitimate daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and the widow of the 2nd Earl Waldegrave.Matthew Kilburn, William Henry, Prince, first duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1743–1805), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2011 Both alliances were considered highly unsuitable by the King, who "saw himself as having been forced to marry for purely dynastic reasons".
==Couples affected==
* On 15 December 1785, the King's eldest son George, Prince of Wales, married privately and in contravention of this Act the twice-widowed Maria Anne Fitzherbert, a practising Roman Catholic, at her house in Park Lane, London, according to the rites of the Church of England. Although viewed as a canonically sound marriage by Roman Catholics, this marriage was invalid under the Act. Had the marriage been valid, it would have excluded the Prince from succession to the throne under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701.
* On 29 September 1791, the King's second son Prince Frederick, Duke of York, married Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, at Charlottenburg, Berlin, but the ceremony had to be repeated in London on 23 November 1791 as, although consent had been given at the Privy Council on 28 September, it had proved impossible to obtain the Great Seal in time and doubt had thus been thrown on the legality of the marriage.A. Aspinall, ed., The later correspondence of George III, vol. 1 (1966) pages 567–71. The statement in Michel Huberty, Alain Giraud, F. and B. Magdelaine, L'Allemagne Dynastique, vol. 3: Brunswick-Nassau-Schwarzbourg (1981) page 146, that the first marriage was by procuration (or proxy) is incorrect.
* On 4 April 1793, Prince Augustus, the sixth son of the King, married Lady Augusta Murray, in contravention of the Act, first privately and without witnesses, according to the rites of the Church of England at the Hotel Sarmiento, Rome, and again, after banns, on 5 December 1793, at St George's, Hanover Square, London. Both marriages were declared null and void by the Court of Arches on 14 July 1794, and the two resulting children were subsequently considered illegitimate.This marriage, being invalid, was not morganatic as is frequently stated, e.g. by Michael Thornton, Royal Feud (1985) page 161.
* After the death of Lady Augusta Murray, Prince Augustus, now Duke of Sussex, apparently married (no contemporary evidence survives), again in contravention of the Act, about 2 May 1831, at her house in Great Cumberland Place, London, Lady Cecilia Buggin, who on that day had taken the surname Underwood in lieu of Buggin and who, on 10 April 1840, was created Duchess of Inverness by Queen Victoria (the Duke being Earl of Inverness). The Queen had thereby, as Lord Melbourne wrote, "recognized the moral and religious effect of whatever has taken place whilst she avoided the legal effects of a legal marriage which was what her Majesty was most anxious to do".Mollie Gillen, Royal Duke (1976) page 223. Acceptance of the marriage would have meant acceptance of the Duke's earlier marriage and the legitimacy of his two children. However, the couple cohabited and were socially accepted as husband and wife.
* On 8 January 1847, the Queen's first cousin Prince George of Cambridge married, by licence of the Faculty Office but in contravention of this Act, Sarah Fairbrother, a pregnant actress with four illegitimate children (two by himself and two by other men), at St James, Clerkenwell. From about 1858, Fairbrother took the name Mrs FitzGeorge. The marriage was non-existent, not a morganatic marriage as many have called it.e.g. Compton Mackenzie, The Windsor tapestry (1938) page 344; Michael Thornton, Royal Feud (1985) pages 161–2, and many other authorities. It is also incorrect to say that Queen Victoria refused to consent to this marriage, as no application was made to her under the Act,As stated in Brian Inglis, Abdication (1966) page 265, and many other authorities. it being very apparent that no consent would be given.
* After Charles Edward, Duke of Albany was deprived of his British titles under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 due to his German loyalties during World War I, his descendants married without consent from the British monarch (the earliest in 1932). As Charles Edward was a male-line grandson of Queen Victoria, application of the Royal Marriages Act as written renders null and void for the purposes of British law the marriages of his children, despite having been lawfully contracted in Germany.
* The only known case in which permission to marry was withheld by the British sovereign despite a formal request under the Royal Marriages Act is that of Prince George William of Hanover, a German citizen descended from King George III, whose father and grandfather were deprived of their British titles under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 due to their German loyalties during World War I. On 23 April 1946, George William married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark, who was about to become a kinswoman to the British royal family as her brother Prince Philip was courting the future Queen Elizabeth II. Their request for permission from King George VI received no response due to sensitivity over the fact that a state of war still existed between the United Kingdom and Germany, and it was held by British officials at the time that the marriage and its issue would not be legitimate in the United Kingdom despite being legal in Germany.Eagleston, Arthur J. The Home Office and the Crown. pp. 9–14. The National Archives (UK)|TNA, HO 45/25238, Royal Marriages.
==Broad effects==
The Act rendered void any marriage wherever contracted or solemnised in contravention of it. A member of the royal family who contracted a marriage that violated the Act did not thereby lose his or her place in the line of succession, but the offspring of such a union were made illegitimate by the voiding of the marriage and thus lost any right to succeed.
The Act applied to Catholics, even though they are ineligible to succeed to the throne. It did not apply to descendants of Sophia of Hanover who are not also descendants of George II, even though they are still eligible to succeed to the throne.
It had been claimed that the marriage of Prince Augustus had been legal in Ireland and Hanover, but the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords ruled (in the Sussex Peerage Case, 9 July 1844) that the Act incapacitated the descendants of George II from contracting a legal marriage without the consent of the Crown, either within the British dominions or elsewhere.
All European monarchies, and many non-European realms, have laws or traditions requiring prior approval of the monarch for members of the reigning dynasty to marry. But Britain's was unusual because it was never modified between its original enactment and its repeal 243 years later, so that its ambit grew rather wide, affecting not only British royal family, but more distant relatives of the monarch.
==Farran exemption==
In the 1950s, Charles d'Olivier Farran, Lecturer in Constitutional Law at Liverpool University, theorised that the Act could no longer apply to anyone living, because all the members of the immediate royal family were descended from British princesses who had married into foreign families. The loophole is due to the Act's wording, whereby if a person is, through one line, a descendant of George II subject to the Act's restriction, but is also, separately through another line, a descendant of a British princess married into a foreign family, the exemption for the latter reads as if it trumps the former.Modern Law Review, volume 14 (1951) pages 53–63;
Many of George II's descendants in female lines have married back into the British royal family. In particular, the Queen and other members of the House of Windsor descend (through Queen Alexandra) from two daughters of George II — (Mary, Landgravine of Hesse and Louise, Queen of Denmark) — who married foreign rulers (respectively Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and King Frederick V of Denmark), and through Queen Mary from a third (Anne, Princess of Orange, consort of William IV, Prince of Orange). Queen Mary herself was a product of such a marriage; her parents were Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, a granddaughter of George III and Francis, Duke of Teck, a minor German prince of the House of Württemberg. Moreover, Charles, Prince of Wales, his issue, siblings, and their issue descend from yet another such marriage, that of Princess Alice, a daughter of Queen Victoria, to Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, through their great-grandson Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
This so-called "Farran exemption" met with wide publicity, but arguments against it were put forward by Clive Parry, Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge,in 'Further Considerations on the Prince of Hanover's Case' in International & Comparative Law Quarterly (1957) pages 61 etc. and Farran's interpretation has since been ignored.Farran replied to Mr Parry in Appendix I, 'The Royal Marriages Act Today', in Lucille Iremonger, Love and the Princesses' (1958) pages 275–280. Consent to marriages in the royal family (including the distantly related House of Hanover) continued to be sought and granted as if none of the agnatic descendants of George II were also his cognatic descendants.
Parry argued that the "Farran exemption" theory was complicated by the fact that all the Protestant descendants of the Electress Sophia of Hanover, ancestress of the United Kingdom's monarchs since 1714, had been entitled to British citizenship under the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 (if born prior to 1949, when the act was repealed). Thus, some marriages of British princesses to continental monarchs and princes were not, in law, marriages to foreigners. For example, the 1947 marriage of Princess Elizabeth to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, by birth a Greek and Danish prince but descended from the Electress Sophia, was a marriage to a British subject even if he had not been previously naturalised in Britain. This would also mean theoretically, for example, that the present royal family of Norway was bound by the Act, for the marriage of Princess Maud, a daughter of King Edward VII, to the future King Haakon VII of Norway, was a marriage to a "British subject", since Haakon descended from the Electress Sophia.
==Exemption of the former Edward VIII==
In 1936 the statute His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 specifically excluded Edward VIII from the provisions of this Act upon his abdication, allowing him to marry the divorcée, Wallis Simpson. The wording of the statute also excluded any issue of the marriage both from being subject to the Act, and from the succession to the throne; no marriages or succession rights were ultimately affected by this language, as the Duke and Duchess of Windsor had no children.His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 (c.3), full text online at statutelaw.gov.uk
==Perth Agreement==
In October 2011 David Cameron wrote to the leaders of the other Commonwealth realms proposing that the act be limited to the first six people in line to the throne. The leaders approved the proposed change at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting held in Perth, Western Australia.
The legislation in a number of Commonwealth realms repeals the Royal Marriages Act 1772 in its entirety. It was, in the United Kingdom, replaced by the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, which stipulates a requirement for the first six people in the line of succession to obtain the sovereign's consent before marrying in order to remain eligible. Article 3(5) of the new act also provides that, except for succession purposes, any marriage that would have been void under the original act "is to be treated as never having been void" if it did not involve any of the first six people in the line of succession at the time of the marriage; royal consent was never sought or denied; "in all the circumstances it was reasonable for the person concerned not to have been aware at the time of the marriage that the Act applied to it"; and no one has acted on the basis that the marriage is void. New Zealand's Royal Succession Act 2013 repealed the Royal Marriages Act and provided for royal consent for the first six people in the line of succession to be granted by the monarch in right of the United Kingdom.
==Other legislation==
The Regency Act 1830, which provided for a regency in the event that Queen Victoria inherited the throne before she was eighteen, made it illegal for her to marry without the regent's consent. Her spouse and anyone involved in arranging or conducting the marriage without such consent would be guilty of high treason. This was more serious than the offence created by the Act of 1772, which was equivalent to praemunire. However, the Act never came into force, as Victoria had already turned 18 a few weeks before becoming queen.
==Consents for marriages under the Act==
Consents under the Act were entered in the Books of the Privy Council but have not been published. In 1857 it became customary to publish them in the London Gazette and notices appear of consents given in Council at Courts held on the following dates. Not all consents were there and gaps in the list have been filled by reference to the Warrants for Royal Marriages in the Home Office papers (series HO 124) in The National Archives:
Date 	Applicant 	Spouse 	Gazetted
28 September 1791	Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 	Princess Frederica of Prussia 	HO124/1.
17 December 1794 	George, Prince of Wales 	Princess Caroline Amelia of Brunswick 	not gazetted; HO124/2.
3 May 1797 	Charlotte, Princess Royal 	Frederic, Hereditary Prince of Württemberg 	not gazetted; HO124/3.
15 August 1814 	Prince Ernest, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale 	Frederica, Dowager Princess of Solms 	not gazetted; HO124/4.
9 March 1816 	Princess Charlotte Augusta 	Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 	not gazetted; HO124/5.
2 April 1816 	Princess Mary 	Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 	not gazetted; HO124/7
8 June 1816 	Princess Elizabeth 	Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg 	not gazetted; HO124/6.
22 April 1818 	Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 	Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel 	not gazetted; HO124/8.
11 May 1818 	Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 	Viktoria, Dowager Princess of Leiningen 	not gazetted; HO124/9.
7 July 1818 	Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews 	Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen 	not gazetted; HO124/10.
13 June 1842 	George, Crown Prince of Hanover 	Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 	copy in HO45/8927.
2 November 1842 	Princess Augusta of Cambridge 	Friedrich, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg 	HO124/11.
16 May 1857 	Victoria, Princess Royal 	Prince Frederick of Prussia 	
30 April 1861 	Princess Alice 	Prince Ludwig of Hesse 	
1 November 1862 	Albert Edward, Prince of Wales 	Princess Alexandra of Denmark 	
5 December 1865 	Princess Helena 	Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein 	
19 May 1866 	Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge 	Francis, Prince of Teck 	
24 October 1870 	Princess Louise 	John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne 	, in substitution of
17 July 1873 	Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh 	Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia 	in substitution of
16 May 1878 	Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn 	Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia 	HO124/17.
27 November 1878 	Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover 	Princess Thyra of Denmark 	
18 March 1880 	Princess Frederica of Hanover 	Baron Alfons von Pawel-Rammingen 	HO124/19.
29 November 1881 	Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany 	Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 	
27 January 1885 	Princess Beatrice 	Prince Henry of Battenberg 	
5 July 1889 	Princess Louise of Wales 	Alexander Duff, 6th Earl Fife 	
3 July 1891 	Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein 	Prince Aribert of Anhalt 	
12 December 1891 	Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale	Princess Victoria Mary of Teck 	He died before they could marry, and she later married his brother — see below
28 June 1892 	Princess Marie of Edinburgh 	Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Romania 	
16 May 1893 	Prince George, Duke of York 	Princess Victoria Mary of Teck 	
29 January 1894 	Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 	Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse 	
19 October 1894 	Prince Adolphus of Teck 	The Lady Margaret Grosvenor 	
21 November 1895 	Princess Maud of Wales 	Prince Carl of Denmark 	, in substitution of consent dated 12 November 1895 published
12 December 1895 	Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 	Ernst, Hereditary Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 	, in substitution of notice published ; HO124/30.
15 May 1900 	Princess Marie Louise of Hanover 	Prince Maximilian of Baden 	
16 November 1903 	Princess Alice of Albany 	Prince Alexander of Teck 	
7 March 1904 	Princess Alexandra of Hanover 	Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg 	
27 February 1905 	Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 	Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein 	
20 March 1905 	Princess Margaret of Connaught 	Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Scania 	
17 March 1913 	Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover 	Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia 	
12 August 1913 	Prince Arthur of Connaught 	Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife 	
11 February 1919 	Princess Patricia of Connaught 	Commander Alexander Ramsay 	HO124/38 wanting, see C188/3 for Warrant for Royal Marriage.
22 November 1921 	Princess Mary 	Henry Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles 	
12 February 1923 	Prince Albert, Duke of York 	The Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 	
26 June 1923 	Princess Maud of Fife 	Charles Carnegie, Lord Carnegie 	
7 October 1931 	The Lady May Cambridge 	Captain Henry Abel Smith 	
5 October 1934 	The Prince George 	Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark 	
3 October 1935 	Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester 	The Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott 	
26 December 1937 	Frederica of Hanover 	Prince Paul of Greece and Denmark 	
29 January 1941 	The Lady Iris Mountbatten 	Hamilton Joseph Keyes O'Malley 	not gazetted; HO124/46.
31 July 1947 	Princess Elizabeth 	Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten RN 	
28 July 1949 	George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood 	Maria Stein 	
1 August 1951 	Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover 	Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg	not gazetted; HO124/49.
27 June 1952 	Gerald Lascelles 	Angela Dowding 	
1 June 1956 	James Carnegie, Lord Carnegie 	Caroline Dewar 	
19 August 1956 	Alexander Ramsay 	Flora Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun 	
31 July 1957 	Anne Abel Smith 	David Liddell-Grainger 	
14 September 1959	Captain Richard Abel Smith 	Marcia Kendrew 	
16 March 1960 	Princess Margaret 	Antony Armstrong-Jones 	
3 August 1960 	Prince Welf Heinrich of Hanover 	Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Budingen 	not gazetted; HO124/55.
24 March 1961 	Prince Edward, Duke of Kent 	Katharine Worsley 	
19 December 1962 	Princess Alexandra of Kent 	Angus Ogilvy 	
26 February 1965 	Elizabeth Abel Smith 	Peter Wise 	
28 July 1967 	George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood 	Patricia Tuckwell 	
4 February 1972 	Prince Richard of Gloucester 	Birgitte van Deurs 	
29 March 1973 	James Lascelles 	Fredericka Duhrssen 	
24 July 1973 	Princess Anne 	Captain Mark Phillips 	
1 August 1979 	Prince Michael of Kent 	Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz 	not gazetted; HO124/62.
15 November 1978 	Gerald Lascelles 	Elizabeth Evelyn Collingwood 	not gazetted; HO124/63 lost while on loan to government department.
6 February 1979 	David Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles 	Margaret Messenger 	
26 June 1979 	Henry Lascelles 	Alexandra Morton 	
13 February 1980 	Katharine Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun 	Captain Mark Nicholson 	
28 July 1980 	Katharine Abel Smith 	Hubert Beaumont 	
27 March 1981 	Charles, Prince of Wales 	The Lady Diana Spencer 	Records of the Privy Council OfficeEmail from the Privy Council Office dated 11 January 2013: "We do not have any record available as to the omission of the consent in the London Gazette, but I can confirm that consent was given by Her Majesty in Council on 27th March 1981."
10 June 1981 	Prince Ernst August Georg of Brunswick-Luneburg 	Countess Monika zu Solms-Laubach 	
10 June 1981 	Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover 	Chantal Hochuli 	
16 May 1986 	The Prince Andrew 	Sarah Ferguson 	
10 February 1987 	David Carnegie, Earl Macduff 	Caroline Bunting 	
15 September 1987	Prince Ludwig Rudolph of Hanover 	Countess Ysabelle of Thurn and Valassina-Como-Vercelli 	
23 March 1988 	James Ogilvy 	Julia Rawlinson 	
24 July 1990 	Alice Ramsay of Mar 	David Ramsey 	
11 February 1992 	The Lady Helen Windsor 	Timothy Taylor 	
1992 undated 	Anne, Princess Royal 	Commander Tim Laurence 	
1993 undated 	David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley 	Serena Stanhope 	
22 June 1994 	The Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones 	Daniel Chatto 	
13 April 1999 	The Prince Edward 	Sophie Rhys-Jones 	
11 April 2001 	Lady Alexandra Carnegie 	Mark Etherington 	Privy Council Orders for 11 April 2001
11 December 2001 	Charles Liddell-Grainger 	Eugenie Campagne 	Privy Council Orders for 11 December 2001
17 April 2002 	Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster 	Claire Booth 	Privy Council Orders for 17 April 2002
10 December 2003 	Henry Lascelles 	Fiona Wilmott 	Privy Council Orders for 10 December 2003
20 July 2004 	The Lady Davina Windsor 	Gary Lewis 	Privy Council Orders for 20 July 2004
2 March 2005 	Charles, Prince of Wales 	Camilla Parker Bowles 	Privy Council Orders for 2 March 2005
10 October 2006 	Lord Nicholas Windsor 	Paola Doimi de Lupis Frankopan 	Privy Council Orders for 10 October 2006
2 May 2007 	Amelia May Beaumont 	Simon Peregrine Gauvain Murray 	Privy Council Orders for 2 May 2007
12 December 2007 	The Lady Rose Windsor 	George Edward Gilman 	Privy Council Orders for 12 December 2007
12 February 2008 	Emily Lascelles 	Matthew Shard 	Privy Council Orders for 12 February 2008
9 April 2008 	Peter Phillips 	Autumn Kelly 	Privy Council Orders for 9 April 2008
9 October 2008 	Charles Montagu Liddell-Grainger 	Martha Margaretha de Klerk 	Privy Council Orders for 9 October 2008
11 February 2009 	Benjamin George Lascelles 	Carolina Velez 	Privy Council Orders for 11 February 2009
10 June 2009 	Lord Frederick Windsor 	Sophie Winkleman 	Privy Council Orders for 10 June 2009
9 February 2011 	Prince William of Wales 	Catherine Middleton 	Privy Council Orders for 9 February 2011
10 May 2011 	Zara Phillips 	Mike Tindall 	Privy Council Orders for 10 May 2011
10 May 2011 	Mark Lascelles 	Judith Kilburn 	Privy Council Orders for 10 May 2011
12 December 2012 	Louise Nicolson 	Charles Morshead 	Privy Council Orders for 12 December 2012
11 February 2014 	Edward Lascelles 	Sophie Cartlidge 	Privy Council Orders for 11 February 2014
11 February 2015 	Juliet Victoria Catharine Nicolson 	Simon Alexander Rood 	Privy Council Orders for 11 February 2015
==See also==
* Marriage Act
==Notes==
==References==
==External links==
*Text of the Act immediately before its repeal at legislation.gov.uk
*Digital Reproduction of the Original Act on the Parliamentary Archives catalogue
Category:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1772
Category:Legal history of Canada
Category:British monarchy
Category:Marriage law in the United Kingdom
Category:Perth Agreement