Cosmologia

Cosmologia (ex awo hellen κόσμος = "ornament, mund"), indissociable-ye studye ios cosmos ed daumen de id place al mensc in id Universe, eegwehmt ender tem Mythos quem Science ed philosophia. Prest-ye, id betrehft vasya dehtormythsa ka logos dahnd un global sense uni societat au civilisation ed se articulet ops uni theologia, eni id prospect uns cosmos creen ab oin au plur divin augsens. Est kathalika oino iom presten sciencen wawod id panct un coherent systeme ab id observation iom waurnphenomens, systeme autorisend different predictions (tarikhe os un soleclipse) sekwent mathematic hissabs. Est eti id fundament os philosophia chunke id eiskwt id werdo de id origin, id principe ed id fin (ka termin, betschi ka ziel) os cada ject. 
 Simplifiet kip os Yggdrasil, id cosmic dru ios Nordic mythologia, ab Oluf Bagge. Bo orarya ed nearya mythologias ops eefikernt id universe consist un damu (yando un dru) samt divers "etages", daydey samt (ubtos ghemtro) albyo, medioghehrd ed endra. 
==Ia hellen origins==
Tiel iens pre-socratistens, Awi Hellens oistructureer id cosmos sekwent un religieuso symbolique : id ub (inalterable aysen waurn), id medyo (platt peltewih, enraudhen ed still, perambhen ambh id Ocean fluv) ed ia Enderbund. Ta tri nivells hierarchiseer id mund ed sont eti stank ud mutu, kam schahiden ab ia semper transgressive perigumt (nigumto do Endra om Ulysses, Orpheus, Aeneas...). Sam-ye, dexter est fas ed levter nefas, id Eust (Orient ex orior = "gnah-" in latin) est assocyen ad gnahsa ed id West (Occident, ex occido = "mehr-") ad mohrt; quetos id garden iom Hesperides, posmohrt paradayso lyehgend Westi, trans Herakleusios Colunns, menxu Misr est kipt Eusti ka origin ios hellen civilisation. Tod symbolique swehndt in id intellectual construction iom pre-socratisten qua rationalise id space, demystifient id med id geometric dayi ios sphere. Idghi sphere installet un equidistance binisbat id centre ed yinjier om ub ed ghom, om levter ed dexter : Anaximanders platto Terra "tehlpt" medsu id Universe per equidistance dia id waurncircumference; id Universe os Empedokles est un sphere; Terras rundet bi Parmenides, Empedokles ed, serter, bi Platon ed Aristoteles confirmet tod equivalence om ub ed ghom, tem quem ia "antipodes" (qua ne vidmos ob sont anti niesims peds) os Pythagoras. Tod rationalisation ios men de space confrontet, inter ia VIt ed Vt secules pre JC, multiple cosmologias kam tant contradictor yed outurnt systemes.
 Id geocentric systeme est id astronomic systeme quod pont Terra in id centre ios Universe, menxu alyo sanschan wehrt ambh id. Tod model buit id predominant cosmologic systeme in mult antique civilisations kam mathalan in Awo Hellad. Ids maschoursta tolks sont due Aristoteles ed Ptolemayum. 
==Ia antique cosmologias==
Bi iens pre-socratistens, id origin ios cosmos lyehct eni un principe (αρχή) quod, manend trans cada transformation, permitt lakin ghabihes quanto biht ed prehpt. Id maght ses id wahid principe quetos gnahnt ia different physic corpsa : wed pro Thales (625-547 pre JC), airo pro Anaximenes (585-525 pre JC), piurno pro Herakleito (544-460 pre JC), id aunlimite pro Anaximander (610-546 pre JC). Id maght ses yaschi multiple, chunke leit de ghabe sammel id stabilitat ios mund unte changes ed id gveihet in universal kjiengowia. Also maynt Empedokles od id cosmos gnaht ex id tienjien σφαιρος, mix iom quar "raudhs" ghapt ab Aristoteles ka iom quar elements, ed is vidt wehrge dwo movdasturs : liubh kay explie id origin ed id fin vasyen jects per id ultim reiken do tod mix, ed haines kay explie id present separation iom corpsen ios tienjienios mix. Herakleitos expliet id gnahsa ios cosmos med id action os Weir, quod separet ud piurn ed teint in harmonia ia contrars kam warm ed srig, ed med id action os pace, quod rikeiht vasya materia fluxa id orpiurn. Anaxagoras (500-428 pre JC) mehnt od uno "ment" (νους) separet ia corpsa ud id ormix ed seuwt id circular mov. Bi Demokrit (460-370 pre JC), dind Epikwrum, id atomen "dewer" in kenos creet id Universe, yed unte id mussalsal deughen uns abadic mov. Menxu Parmenides (gnahn in -540/-520) ed ies eleates nege cada gnahsa ios mund ed cada bihsa : ἔστι γὰρ εἶναι, μηδὲν δ΄ οὐκ ἔστιν, khactghi ses kenos kay permitte id mov ni id transformation iom corpsen; id ses, quod saul ghehdt bihe bemohnen, est ne-creen, nemerti, oin ed immutable : changes sont sensen illusions. Platons cosmologia establiet clar-ye dwo dasturs : aunforme materia ed id Idee quod informet id sub id action uns demiurg (Τίμαιος). Tod os Aristoteles enderkweit id supralunar mund, moven circular-ye ed abadic-ye ab id ὃ οὐ κινούμενον κινεῖ ed id sublunar corruptible mund, loc im menscen. Sem tem riche debats solvent-se do un dogmatisme : id cosmologia os Aristoteles, emto tsay ab Ptolemayo (astronom os Alexandria, 90-168) ed quod siet domine id mundo tiel id XVIt secule.
 Id Solar Systeme est id gravitational menghia iom planetes ed Sowel plus alter objects qua wehrte ambh id, direct-ye au indirect-ye. Ia oct largest objects qua wehrtent direct-ye ambh Sowel sont ia planetes, id reste consistend nanplanetes ed lyter sanschan ios Solar Systeme. Bayna ia objects qua wehrte indirect-ye ambh Sowel, ia meuns, dwo sont larger quem id smulksto planete, Mercur.
==Ex id ptolemayic systeme do id coppernican revolution==
Id Alexandrin ed Christian Historia ne hat gwupen id theoria, besonters om Demokrit ed Epikwrum, uns ghyanen Universe edghi om munds in aunfino numer, neschi id pythagorei non-geometric theoria au tod heliocentric os Aristarkhum. In Ptolemayios systeme, Terra ed el mensc sont semper in id centre ios Universe, wahid ed cluden ab id wehrtend sphere tem quem ia inner cristallin spheres quage dreibhe ia planetes, pati Sowel, menxu ia irregular movs iom smulker acts bihnt expliet med epicycles quom centre wehst ep un circule. Id ptolemayic model wehrct : id permitt presayge ia waurnphenomens (apparent mov iom planetes, eclipses), bet ye id condition os multiplie ad hoc hypotheses ed complie id systeme. Id sok po un simpler model quod meis-ye satisfact id aum hat ducen Coppernic (De Revolutionibus orbium coelestium, 1543) ad propones uno mathematic model (id ghehdt bihe bemohnt, bet ne vis) quod placet Sowel in id centre ios Universe. Vasya asters, hatta Terra, wehrte ambh id unte orbis, ob quis enim in hoc pulcherrimo templo lampadem hanc in alio vel meliori loco poneret, quam unde totum simul possit illuminare? ed id Universe remant clus ab id still sphere iom "fixen" stars. Kepler (Harmonices Mundi, 1618) bayant id cosmic aurdhen med un general geometric loy conform ibs datims os observation ed substituet, kay describe id mov iom asters, id model ios ellipse tei ios circule ed ios sphere. Galileo siet confirme med sien informations (ia satellites os Juppiter, ia phases os Venus) id mathematic model quod, nespekent ia resistences (Galileos huckem in 1633) se vidwinght. Emt sien canonic forme med id systematisation ab Newton (Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, 1687) qui, affirmend-ye is ne forget hypotheses, yani od science dehlct se contente med dahe uno model quod bayant id quosmed os quo est, stopt ia cosmologic paurskens. Id positivisme os Auguste Comte ye id XIXt secule ubbehrcsiet tod aunstehmen : id cosmos est un religieus au metaphysic, hatta mythic notion, bet in neid fall scientific.
 Id Big Bang est id cosmologic model quod descript kam id universe exspiend ex uno extreme-ye dens ed extreme-ye chaldo stand, ed dadwt un global explication pro un long serie om phenomens, pati id pohltos om legv elements, id cosmic microwanden aptergrund ed Hubbles loy. Jixay meids ios exspansionstempo ios universe place id Big Bang ye takriban 13,8 milliards yaren prever, quo est yinjier ayt id oumer ios universe. Pos id inkapdexspansion, id universe khuld kafi pro permitte id formation om subatomic particules, serter om simple atoms. Giganta nebhs tom primordial elements poskwo stieweer per gravitato do halos ex kyehrsen material, ed viskip ia stars ed galaxias visible nundiens. 
==Big bang : cosmologia inter mythos ed science==
Dastureihnd-ye id relativitat om wakt ed rewos, id theoria ios general relativitat ab Einstein replacet cosmologia ye id prodgrund iom kaurs os Physique ye id XXt secule. Einstein propont in 1917 (Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie) ia prest global mathematic descriptions ios Universe : chunke id space dependt id materia id mathmount, est possible imagine idsa different formes quantifiend-ye id materia.
 
Un dastur os global coherence, kam ies pre-socratistes hieb presayct, est conceptible, quo ia astronomic observations poskwo confirme : Hubble observet od ia galaxias oiswehbhe dalger ud mutu (med id analyse iren gwayder spectren scheivend kye infrarudh). Id "spand iom galaxias", sei id biht dyin retrospective-ye, duct tun ad daume de un origin ios Universe (id inkapsexplosion ios material wa "big-bang") ed retrehve id question iom hellen physisten : gnahsit id Universe we est id abadic ? Id dayi unios gnaht ed nundiens 13,7 milliardat Universe, antslehnke unte space ed rewos, habend yinjier un historia quod neihiet id do un ultim destruction, ne stambht lakin id question uns pre-big-bang. Idghi scenario ios big-bang ne expliet id absolut origin, ne est id equivalent ios αρχή iom antiquen cosmologias, chunke id mutt pos 10^–43 secunde os existence ios Universe.