Kakuma Refugee Camp

thumb|right|335 px|"Kakuma refugee camp could be setting the pace to encouraging the use of clean renewable energy not only in Kenya but the whole continent. This is after they were introduced Solar cookers that depend on sun in cooking. In the recent years, the importance of shifting to clean renewable energy has been dominating both International and Local News. NTVs Sharon Barang'a was in Kakuma and now reports how the initiative is expected to cut reliance on firewood and charcoal by half therefore honouring the principles of Geneva conventions."
Solar Cookers International’s first and largest refugee project began in January 1995 in the Kakuma Refugee Camp located in Kenya. At the time, the camp provided a safe haven for 28,000 refugees, primarily from Sudan and Somalia. The camp also housed refugees from Ethiopia, the DRC, Burundi, Eritrea, Rwanda and Uganda. Kakuma had considerable refugee turnover, but by 2004, when Solar Cookers International (SCI) concluded the project, the camp had tripled in size to nearly 90,000 refugees. Though rapid growth posed problems for assisting all those who wanted to solar cook, SCI ultimately served over 15,000 families. Beginning in 2016, new efforts have been made to bring solar cooking back to Kakuma.
Solar Cookers International began partnering with the Ecomandate Foundation in late 2018 at the Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya, to bring solar cooking to Kakuma families. Ecomandate brings experience, expertise, and knowledge of local customs and cooking habits to this effort. Ecomandate oversees the construction and distribution of solar cookers to residents. They implement training and follow-up to ensure successful continued use of the solar cookers. Over 1,900 Kakuma residents are now enjoying nutritious solar-cooked meals. From 2019 until mid-2022, 234 box solar cookers have been constructed in Kenya by residents, with locally sourced materials, for use by Kakuma families. 
It is estimated that these solar cookers will avoid 5,229 metric tons of carbon dioxide over the cookers’ expected lifetime of 15 years. Solar cooking allows Kakuma residents to breathe cleaner air, drink safer water, and experience increased safety and opportunities for women and children. Efforts to increase the use of solar cookers continue in Kakuma and these impacts and figures will grow. 
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Ecomandate training of the enumerators with the large ULOG box oven, 8-8-22.png|Ecomandate training of the enumerators with the large ULOG box oven - Photo credit Ecomandate Foundation
Ecomandate manufacturing facility, 8-8-22.png|The Ecomandate manufacturing facility - Photo credit Ecomandate Foundation 
Sixty-four Standard size ULOG box ovens ready to ship, 8-8-22.png|Building capacity, sixty-four Standard size ULOG box ovens are ready to ship - Photo credit Ecomandate Foundation
==Most significant solar cooking projects==
*A refugee camp in Kenya was the first to receive a large scale solar cooking project - The Kakuma refugee camp was formed in 1972 when Sudanese refugees first arrived in Kakuma, Kenya. Introducing solar cooking to the camp was Solar Cookers International’s first and largest refugee project, beginning in January 1995. Kakuma had considerable refugee turnover, but by 2004, when Solar Cookers International (SCI) concluded the project, the camp had tripled in size to nearly 90,000 refugees. Though rapid growth posed problems for assisting all those who wanted to solar cook, SCI ultimately served over 15,000 families. The program also extended solar cooker technology to schools, especially primary school, through demonstrations, poems, songs and drama.
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*January 2025: Solar box cookers headed to Kakuma - Organized by Solar Cookers International and implemented by collaborator Eco-Impact Hub CBO, 124 solar box cookers have been manufactured for families at the Kakuma Refugee Camp. The cookers were built at the Kiini Institute in Chuka, Kenya, using locally sourced materials. The ovens are built to last around 15 years according to the open-source design. Program participants will receive hands-on training in solar cooker use, along with ongoing guidance throughout the program cycle. Learn more...
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*May 2024: Solar Cookers International has been working with Eco-Impact Hub CBO (previously Ecomandate) since 2018, on a program to introduce solar cooking at the Kakuma Refugee Camp. Their focus is on best practices, understanding residents' interest and current cooking habits at the camp. Program participants have reported savings of up to $70 USD (10,000 KES) annually by incorporating solar cooking for their meal preparation. Click image for more information...
*March 2023: Coming Soon! - The 6-month Haines Solar Cooker training follow up will be held in a community setting in the Kakuma Refugee Camp by the end of March. The officers elected at the training, will be organized by Mlasi Mialano and will survey the group on solar cooking usage, adoption, problems and solutions. The group will select a meal to cook together, review solar cooking practices, realities, and discuss how the group can begin to train others (train the trainer) within the Kakuma Refugee Camp. Utilizing their skill and connecting with other solar cooks within the camp were goals determined in the small group breakout sessions during the training. Solar Education Project founders Mary Buchenic and Jennifer Gasser, and the newest partner, Grace Chepkemei Rono, will be guest speakers at the event.
*July 2023: Updates for 2023 - Under the partnership of Solar Cookers International and Ecomandate, 60 standard-size ULOG cookers were manufactured in Kenya, by Kenyans, using materials available in Kenya, for cooking regional foods in Kakuma. Follow-up training on solar cooking is equally as important as receiving a new cooker. Learn more about how the program is implemented in the video below.
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*March 2023: Solar Cookers International in partnership with the Ecomandate Foundation - The organizations have implemented an ongoing solar cooking project at the Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. Solar Cookers International emphasizes and applies best practices in project development and project monitoring and evaluation. Ecomandate Foundation brings hands-on construction, their local experience as part of the community, and familiarity with local customs and practices, and local languages. Read more...
*December 2022: Kihuha Bruno has been a long time advocate of using solar cooking, particularly with those having limited resources. He has worked frequently at the Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya demonstrating the effectiveness of Haines Solar Cookers, thereby avoiding deforestation from firewwood collection, and respiratory illness from using open fires for cooking. 
*May 2022: Solar and heat retention cooking workshop - The Solar Education Project reports that Grace Chepkemei shared her skill and knowledge about solar cooking and heat-retention basket cooking at a workshop at the Kakuma Refugee Camp. These skills demonstrate how the Integrated Cooking Method will benefit the trainees and community.
*January 2022: Focus groups in refugee camps - Roger Haines reports that Haines Solar Cookers has been organizing three simultaneous “focus group” projects for 10 women in each of three refugee camps:  Dadaab and Kakuma (in Kenya) and Palabek Refugee Community (in Uganda). Materials to make about 250 Haines 2.0 “pop-open” cookers are already in each Camp. These are the original “wrinkly” MPET rolls that I imported into Kenya in 2014, so we must tape three pieces together to make the new one-piece “pop-open” design.  We will not order new one-piece reflectors until we obtain reports from the focus groups. The Alliance for African Assistance-Kenya has identified and will soon hire the lead trainers, who are themselves refugees well-connected with each Camp.  We will start small and make sure we have the right design and the right partners in each camp before scaling up.
*November 2020: SCI shares successes at the ReEnergy Africa E-Summit - SCI's Executive Director Caitlyn Hughes discusses the impact of solar cooking around the world and shared success stories from Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya. Watch video
*June 2019: Dr. Alan Bigelow's Journal on Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya
*June 2019: Solar Cookers International has recently brought life-saving solar cooking to more than 300 people in the Kakuma Refugee Camp. Before you stepped in, women were often forced to sell their precious food rations for cooking fuel, putting their children at risk of malnutrition. If they dared to journey outside of the camp to collect firewood, they risked violence. 
*October 2017: Dedicated solar cooking proponent visits Kenya and Uganda  - Roger Haines, CEO of Haines Solar Cookers, spent most of the first half of 2017 by attending and networking at the 6th SCI World Conference 2017 in India, and then traveling throughout central Africa to promote various solar cooking projects. The seeds for the Kakuma festival began at the conference. See more about the festival in April news below. Next he met with solar cooker entrepreneurs Camily Wedende, Dinah Chienjo, and John Amayo in Nairobi, Kenya, and then toured the situation in Uganda. He met with the Alliance for African Assistance in Gulu to find ways to distribute subsidized Haines Solar Cookers. At the end of April he was back in Kenya at the Kakuma Refugee Camp to help with the planned festival. Faustine Odaba was on hand to help the student participants use their new solar cookers to best effect. Read in more detail about Roger's trip at: 
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*April 2017: On April 29, 2017, a solar cooking festival for 500 schoolchildren was held at Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. The idea was originated by three of the participants at the 6th SCI World Conference 2017, put on in January by Solar Cookers International in Gujarat, India. Roger Haines, CEO of Haines Solar Cookers, Ritesh Raithatha, CEO of Simplified Technologies for Life, and Godfrey Mawira Kaburu, an engineer with the World Food Program in Nairobi. At the Gujarat conference, Godfrey presented the showing that in October, 2016, solar cooking was the second-most preferred method of cooking at the Kakuma Refugee Camp, even though very few solar cookers were available. To create an inexpensive, durable cooker for the festival, Roger collaborated with Sharon Clausson, designer of the Copenhagen Solar Cooker, to design a “Haines-Copenhagen” cooker using Roger’s metallized polyester (MPET) foam reflector, and a UV-resistant polycarbonate Haines Cooking Sleeve. The cookers were made in Kakuma by refugees from materials donated by Haines Solar Cookers, and should last 10 years with proper care. Ritesh’s company, Simplified Technologies for Life, has produced “Suryakumbh” solar cooking festivals for almost 120,000 participants in India, and holds the Guinness Record for the most people solar cooking at the same time: 7,438. Ritesh and his colleague, Vivek Kabra, provided expertise and leadership for the festival. Godfrey put together a team of experts, including Mwenda Wilkinson, who handled the logistical, financial, and personnel details. The National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) generously donated the services of Raphael Nyabala and Wilson Kinyua and many others to recruit the children and provide facilities and transportation. Funding was provided by Haines Solar Cookers and the San Diego, California, Rotary Club. Additional support and resources came from Solar Household Energy (SHE), a Washington, DC solar cooking organization. Other partners included Eco-Mandate, which sells solar cookers in Chuka, Kenya, the Alliance for African Assistance, a San Diego-based refugee resettlement organization, and the Rotaract Club of the University of California, San Diego, which made 500 Water Pasteurization Indicators (WAPIs) for the Festival participants. Training was provided by Faustine “Mama Solar” Odaba, and her Nairobi NGO, NAREWAMA. Significantly, Ms. Odaba had been one of the trainers in 1995 when SCI first introduced solar cookers in Kakuma. Before the festival, 50 refugee women were trained to use the cookers, and they in turn trained the children. The festival took place at Hope Primary School in Kakuma Camp Four. During the festival, “Mama Solar” set up fifteen cookers and cooked a wide variety of food, including rice, vegetables chicken, eggs, cabbage, ugali, beans and cake. The children sat in neat rows as trainers handed out the cookers, cooking pots, food and water. Each child assembled their own cooker, and successfully cooked delicious noodles before an enthusiastic crowd of family members and relatives. The children were elated and proudly showed off their new cookers. Follow up studies are planned, and Roger Haines is working with a local entrepreneur to offer Haines-Copenhagen solar cookers for sale in Kakuma for a sustainable price of around $25 USD. 
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*September 2016: Renewed solar cooking workshops at Kenyan refugee camps - Solar cooking advocate, Faustine Odaba, and her daughter have been conducting solar cooking and fireless cooking workshops at the Kakuma and Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya. The has been an enthusiastic response to thee workshops as participants prepare for the time when Kenya closes the camps.
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FOTO in refugee camps August 2016c.jpg|Faustine Odaba solar cooking workshop at refugee camps in Kenya
Faustine Odaba in Kenya refugee camps 1, 2016.png|Faustine Odaba solar cooking workshop at refugee camps in Kenya
Faustine Odaba in Kenya refugee camps 2, 2016.png|Faustine Odaba solar cooking workshop at refugee camps in Kenya
*September 2012: The Swedish Church and the aid agency Lutheran World Federation (LWF) are launching Solvatten in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. The goal of the project is to reduce environmental degradation by enabling people to use alternative sources of energy in the camp and in the host community that surrounds it. 
Supply of firewood has been a problem in Kakuma region since the camp was set up in 1992 but it has escalated in the past two years, despite that the refugees are not allowed to harvest firewood directly from the bushes. This is attributed to the continuous massive influx of people into the camp leading to the environmental degradation through the harvesting of sticks from the available vegetation for firewood. Firewood has become very expensive and the UNHCR struggles to purchase and supply fuel to the growing population of refugees in the camp.
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* June 2022: - Solar Education Project, Solar Household Energy, Haines Solar Cookers
* June 2022: - Excel pdf image with backup data for the 11-month evaluation, showing that 100% of the Pop Opens were still in use after 11 months, and they were used an average of 4.6 times per week.
* April 2015: 
*February 2018: Prices, Products and Priorities Meeting Refugees’ Energy Needs in Burkina Faso and Kenya - Practical Action
*May 2017:  - Godfrey Mawira Kaburu
*February 2005:  - Antony Malong
*December 2003: - The evaluation of SCI’s Solar Cooking project at Kakuma Refugee Camp was commissioned by SCI primarily to exhaustively review the entire solar cookers project from inception to the present, in anticipation of its phase out and eventual replacement by a refugee trainer operated cooperative. The evaluation is in line with SCI’s procedures, much like other development agencies, which highlight the processes, impact and lessons learnt from development projects.
==Audio and video==
*July 2023:
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*May 2017:
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==See also==
*Eco Impact Hub CBO
*Ecomandate
*Solar Education Project
*Other refugee camps with solar cooking projects
==External links==
*The Kakuma page on the Solar Cooking Archive
Category:Kenya
Category:Rift Valley Province
Category:Refugee camps