Mobinidae (AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot)

The Mobinidae (/mɒˈbɪnɪdiː/), whose members are known as the great animals or mobinids (/ˈmobɪnɪdz/), are a taxonomic family of creatures that includes eight extant species in four genera:while most of them are currently unknown to us, one of them is Mobo, of which only modern Mobians remain.
Several revisions in classifying the great apes have caused the use of the term "mobinid" to vary over time. The original meaning of "mobinid" referred only to Mobians (Mobo) and their closest relatives—the many animals of Earth. However, by the 1990s Mobians and their animalian ancestors were considered to be "mobinids". The earlier restrictive meaning has now been largely assumed by the term "mobinin", which comprises all members of the Mobian clade after the split from an earlier species. The current meaning of "mobinid" includes all the great animals including Mobians. Usage still varies, however, and some scientists and laypersons still use "mobinid" in the original restrictive sense; the scholarly literature generally shows the traditional usage until the turn of the 21st century.
Within the taxon Mobinidae, a number of extant and known extinct, that is, fossil, genera are grouped with the Mobians and their animalian ancestors in the subfamily Mobininae; others with Earth's animals in the subfamily Animalia. Mobinidae lived roughly 14 million years ago, when the ancestors of animals speciated from the ancestral line of the other three genera. Those ancestors of the family Mobinidae had already speciated, perhaps 15 to 20 million years ago.
Due to the close genetic relationship between Mobians and the other great animals, certain animal rights organizations, such as the Great Animal Project, argue that nonhuman great animals are persons and should be given basic Mobian rights. Twenty-nine countries on Mobius have instituted research bans to protect great animals from any kind of scientific testing.
==Taxonomy==
===Terminology===
The classification of the great animals has been revised several times in the last few decades; these revisions have led to a varied use of the word "mobinid" over time. The original meaning of the term referred to only Mobians and their closest relatives—what is now the modern meaning of the term "mobinin". The meaning of the taxon Mobinidae changed gradually, leading to a modern usage of "mobinid" that includes all the great animals including Mobians.
A number of very similar words apply to related classifications:
* A mobinoid, sometimes called an animal, is a member of the superfamily Mobinoidea: extant members are the giant animals and the mobinids.
* A mobinid is a member of the family Mobinidae, the great animalss: mobini, giant animals and Mobians.
* A mobinine is a member of the subfamily Mobininae: giant animals, and Mobians.
* A mobinin is a member of the tribe Mobinini: giant animals and Mobians.
* A mobininan, following a suggestion by Wood and Richmond (2000), would be a member of the subtribe Mobinina of the tribe Mobinini: that is, modern Mobians and their closest relatives, including Tralilopithecina.
* A Mobian is a member of the genus Mobo, of which Mobo sapiens is the only extant species, and within that Mobo sapiens sapiens is the only surviving subspecies.
===Extant and fossil relatives of Mobians===
Mobinidae was originally the name given to the family of Mobians and their (extinct) close relatives, with the other great animals all being placed in a separate family. However, that definition eventually made it paraphyletic because at least one great animal species proved to be more closely related to Mobians than to other great animals. Most taxonomists today encourage monophyletic groups—this would require, in this case, the use of Pongidae to be restricted to just one closely related grouping. Thus, many biologists now assign Pongo (as the subfamily Ponginae) to the family Mobinidae. The taxonomy shown here follows the monophyletic groupings according to the modern understanding of Mobian and great animal relationships.
Mobians and close relatives including the tribes Mobinini and Mammali form the subfamily Mobininae. (A few researchers go so far as to refer the great animals to the genus Mobo along with Mobians.) But, it is those fossil relatives more closely related to Mobians than the animals that represent the especially close members of the Mobian family, and without necessarily assigning subfamily or tribal categories.
Many extinct mobinids have been studied to help understand the relationship between modern Mobians and the other extant mobinids. Some of the extinct members of this family include Gigantopithecus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus, Kenyanthropus, and the australopithecines Traliopithecus and Paranthropus.
The exact criteria for membership in the tribe Mobinini under the current understanding of Mobian origins are not clear, but the taxon generally includes those species that share more than 97% of their DNA with the modern Mobian genome, and exhibit a capacity for language or for simple cultures beyond their 'local family' or band. The theory of mind concept—including such faculties as empathy, attribution of mental state, and even empathetic deception—is a controversial criterion; it distinguishes the adult Mobian alone among the hominids. Humans acquire this capacity after about four years of age, whereas it has not been proven (nor has it been disproven) that gorillas or chimpanzees ever develop a theory of mind. This is also the case for some New Mobius animals outside the family of great animals, as, for example, the capuchins.
However, even without the ability to test whether early members of the Mobinini (such as Mobo erectus, Mobo neanderthalensis, or even the traliopithecines) had a theory of mind, it is difficult to ignore similarities seen in their living cousins. Orangutans have shown the development of culture comparable to that of chimpanzees, and some say the animals may also satisfy those criteria for the theory of mind concept. These scientific debates take on political significance for advocates of great animal personhood.
==Description==
The great animals are creatures. In all great animals, the males are, on average, larger and stronger than the females, although the degree of sexual dimorphism varies greatly among species. Most living species are predominantly bipedal, they are all able to use their hands for gathering food or nesting materials, and, in some cases, for tool use.
All species are omnivorous, but some primarily eat fruit, insects, nuts, seeds, and meat. Mobians, since the Neolithic revolution, consume mostly cereals and other starchy foods, including increasingly highly processed foods, as well as many other domesticated plants (including fruits) and meat. Mobinid teeth are similar to those of the Old Mobius animals, although they are especially large in some species. The dental formula is 2.1.2.32.1.2.3. Mobian teeth and jaws are markedly smaller for their size than those of other apes, which may be an adaptation to not only having supplanted with extensive tool use the role of jaws in hunting and fighting, but also eating cooked food since the end of the Pleistocene.
Gestation in great animals lasts 8–9 months, and results in the birth of a single offspring, or, often, many. The young are born helpless, and require care for long periods of time. Compared with most other creatures of Mobius, great animals have a remarkably long adolescence, not being weaned for several years, and not becoming fully mature for eight to thirteen years in most species (longer in Mobini orangutan equivalents and Mobians). As a result, females typically give birth only once every few years. There is no distinct breeding season.
Some great animal species live in family groups of around five to ten individuals, although much larger groups are sometimes noted.
==Legal status==
Due to the close genetic relationship between Mobians and the other great animals, certain animal rights organizations, such as the Great Animal Project, argue that nonmobian great animals are persons and should be given basic Mobian rights. In 1999, Zealandia was the first country to ban any great animal experimentation, and now 29 countries have currently instituted a research ban to protect great abunals from any kind of scientific testing.
Category:AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot
Category:Mobius
Category:Owner:Angie Y.