Paper: Ventura (2024)

"Following in the Family Footsteps: Incidence and Returns of Occupational Persistence", JMP by Maria Ventura (LSE). Read as part of the Applied Economics PhD Workshop at UCL (2023-24, read on 27-feb-2024). 
what is income here? lifetime? starting income (when?)? 
Interesting as a 'channel/mechanism' through which income persists intergenerationally. 
Q: so she has general descriptives on the incidence of field-of-study persistence (which prob is a decent proxy for occupation), and causal estimates for medicine? 
== Summary ==
=== 1. Introduction ===
Only a handful of studies on the 'economic consequences' of intergenerational transmission of occupation. Direction of effect unclear ex-ante; might increase child performance through skill transfers, information, and professional network, or worsen it through worse job match.
=== 2. Institutional Context ===
"will proxy for occupational choice using the field of highest achieved education, when this is above the high school level."isn't this a bit misleading? If we are looking at the role of field of higher education persistence in intergenerational income persistence, why not just say this? If the bulk of the effect is driving by business returns as is mentioned somewhere, it seems we aren't really looking at the role of occupation as much as that of education? 
"I consider this a good approximation [for occupation] as it is more stable than occupational titles across and individual lifetime": this is tautological because past realized data is always fully stable but it has nothing to do with whether its a good approximation for occupation. 
==== 2.1. Medical School and Lottery Admission ====
8 GPA rule was introduced in 1999, she only considers applicants before that year. Analysis uses data for 1988-1999.
==== 2.2. Medical Doctors, the Labor Market, and Healthcare ====
=== 3. Data ===
==== 3.1. Administrative Records and Lottery Data ====
Seems like she uses earnings/wages, not income.
Use average 'income' between 30 and 40 years old for children, and between 50 and 60 years old for parents.
==== 3.2. Final Samples Construction ====
'final sample (...) includes individuals born between 1963 and 1991", why 1991? she only uses admissions until 1999, so then these people would be 8 years old. 
=== 4. Stylized Facts ===
==== 4.1. Persistence of Occupational Choice. ====
==== 4.2. Incidence of Occupational Persistence ====
==== 4.3. Returns form Occupational Persistence ====
==== 4.4. Intergenerational Mobility and Occupational Persistence ====
=== 5. Identification Strategy ===
==== 5.1. Empirical Challenge ====
==== 5.2. Empirical Solution ====
==== 5.3. Identification Assumptions ====
=== 6. Results ===
==== 6.1. Returns for Occupational Persistence ====
==== 6.2. Selection ====
=== 7. Extensions and Robustness ===
==== 7.1. Alternative Labor Market Outcomes ====
==== 7.2. Heterogeneity by GPA Category ====
==== 7.3. Gender Differences ====
==== 7.4. Robustness Across Different Time Frames ====
==== 7.5. Placebo Tests ====
=== 8. Mechanisms ===
==== 8.1. Returns ====
==== 8.2. Selection ====
=== 9. Conclusions ===