Flapper

Flappers were young Western women in the 1920s who embraced a free lifestyle. They were known for their short skirts (here meaning knee-length) and above-shoulder-length hair. They also listened to jazz. Smoking, drinking, driving automobiles, and casual sex were another part of the lifestyles of Flappers. Essentially, Flappers made their disdain for socially-acceptable female behavior known.
==History==
Flappers came out of the increasing freedoms throughout the 1910s. Due to large numbers of men fighting in WWI, a significant number of women entered the workforce, exposing them to freedoms that many wanted to keep. Women's freedoms were further expanded with the passage of the 19th Amendment, giving them the right to vote. Improvements in birth control also contributed to the growing freedoms of women.https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/flappers
Then the men came back from war. As Frederick Lewis Allen says in Only Yesterday, "(Women) found themselves expected to settle down into the humdrum routine of American life as if nothing had happened, to accept the moral dicta of elders who seemed to them still to be living in a Pollyanna land of rosy ideals which the war had killed for them. They couldn't do it, and they very disrespectfully said so."https://www.thoughtco.com/flappers-in-the-roaring-twenties-1779240
==Fashion==
In summary, flappers defied the previous norms by wearing short(er) skirts, makeup, and having short hair.
Examples of flapper clothing include:
*Straight, up-and-down, knee-length or above, shift dresses, with no cleavage showing
**For day: Heavy wool and tweed
**For night: Fur, velvet, quilted satin, shimmering/shiny textured silk/rayon
*Highly visible, sheer, light-colored silk/rayon stockings fastened just above the knee with lace-adorned garters
* 2-3 inch Mary Jane heels with button fastenings in black, gold, silver, or nude
*Colossal sparkly chandelier-style earrings
*Cigarette holders
*Hair cut in a shingle bob cut with bangs or an eton crop (a modern equivalent would be a pixie cut)
*Close-fitting, pulled-down bell-shaped cloche hats to keep hair in place
*Bar arms with bangles layered up each arm
*Long ropes of pearls or glass beads
*Close-fitting beaded caps
*Toques with gigantic fake flowers or beaded motifs attached
*Narrow, sparkly scarves worn cravat-style or around the head, secured at the side
*Shawl-collar, wraparound coats
*Velvet/fur opera coats
*Fox/mink stoles complete with heads and eyes attached
**Feather boa is an acceptable substitute if you are ill at ease with wearing fur
*Small beaded bags
*Horn-rimmed glasses
*Kohl rimmed eyes, dark crimson cupid's bow lips, and bright cheeks with bright red blush
=== Key Designers===
*Coco Chanel - knitwear
*Jeanne Lanvin
*Edward Molyneux
*Jean Patou - important for knit swimwear and women's sportswear
*Paul Poiret
*Elsa Schiaparelli - knitwear
*Callot Soeurs
*Madeleine Vionnet - designs naturally emphasized shape of women's bodies
==Activities==
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This is a list of activities commonly associated with Flappers.
*Dancing
**The Charleston, Black Bottom, and Shimmy were popular.https://www.thoughtco.com/flappers-in-the-roaring-twenties-1779240
*Drinking
*Driving cars
*Sex
*Smoking
===Locations===
This is a list of general places where Flappers went.https://www.ushistory.org/us/46d.asp
*Jazz clubs
*Speakeasies
*Vaudeville shows
==Notable Figures==
*Clara Bow
*Louise Brooks
*Josephine Baker
*Colleen Moore
*Gilda Gray
*Zelda Fitzgerald
*Dianna Cooper
*Nancy Cunard
*Tamara de Lempicka
*Tallulah Bankhead
==Media==
===Books===
====Fiction====
*This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald (as well as many of his other books)
*Save Me the Waltz by Zelda Fitzgerald
*The Forgotten Flapper: A Novel of Olive Thomas by Laini Giles
*Flappers (series) by Jillian Larkin
*Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes by Anita Loo
*The Girls at the Kingfisher Club by Genevieve Valentine
*The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton
====Nonfiction====
*Flappers: Six Women of a Dangerous Generation by Judith Mackrell
*Flapper: A Madcap Story of Sex, Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern by Joshua Zeitz
===Other===
*Flapper (magazine; 1922)
===Movies===
*Chicago (2002)
*Flaming Youth (1923)
*It (1927)
*Pandora's Box (1928)
*Some Like It Hot (1959)
*The Great Gatsby (2013)
===Pinterest===
*FLAPPER!!!
*The Flapper Years
*Flapper fun~
*flappers.
==Music==
Flappers were known for listening to jazz.
===Musicians===
*Louis Armstrong
*Bix Beiderbecke
*Duke Ellington
*Earl Hines
*Jelly Roll Morton
*King Oliver
* Kid Ory
*Paul Whiteman
===Songs/Pieces===
*Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin
===Playlists===
*1920s Hit Songs
*20s Jazz Music Hits
*Duke Ellington 1920s
*Flapper Music of the Roaring 1920s
*Jazz Age
*Louis Armstrong
*New Orlean Jazz 1920s
==Gallery==
Flapper-1.jpg
Flapper-3.jpg
Flapper-4-zelda-fitzgerald.jpg|Zelda Fitzgerald
Flapper-5-clara-bow.jpg|Clara Bow
Flapper-6-colleen-moore.jpg|Colleen Moore
Flapper-7-louise-brooks.jpg|Louise Brooks
Flapper-10-louise-brooks.jpg|Louise Brooks
Flapper-8-mary-pickford.jpg|Mary Pickford
Flapper-9.jpg
FlapperOnShip1929 crop.jpg
File:87bd647c4270336f3fba6fe26feba657.png
File:Tumblr op43g4K3711uzdk68o1 500.png
File:Taylor-Swift-Dance-Moves.jpg
Flapper-11-anna-may-wong.jpg|Anna May Wong
High-school-flappers.jpg
Flapper-life-feb-1926.jpg|A Flapper depicted on the cover of Life Magazine from 18 February 1926
Flapper-magazine.png|A page from the Flapper magazine
Flapper-knees.jpg|Flappers have KNEES!
==Resources==
*https://recollections.biz/blog/1920s-woman-flapper-and-beyond/
*https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/flappers - referenced for designers
*https://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/tbacig/studproj/is3099/jazzcult/20sjazz/musicians.html
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapper#Appearance
*https://flappernhd.weebly.com/flapper-literature.html
*http://ultimatehistoryproject.com/flapper.html
*http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/magazine-articles/fashion/flappers
Category:American
Category:Fashion
Category:Visual
Category:Feminine
Category:Sexy
Category:Music
Category:Sensitive Content
Category:Social Movements
Category:1920s
Category:Monochrome