Detroit Symphony Orchestra

The Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO) is an American orchestra based in Detroit, Michigan. Its main performance center is Orchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music Center in Detroit's Midtown neighborhood. Its live concert series is attended by 450,000 people a year and includes a series of free educational concerts for children begun in 1926.
==History==
The Detroit Symphony was founded in 1914 by ten Detroit society women who each contributed $100 to the organization and pledged to find 100 additional subscribers. They soon hired the orchestra's first music director, Weston Gales, a 27-year-old church organist from Boston. The orchestra's first performance was held on February 26, 1914 at the old Detroit Opera House.
The appointment of the Russian pianist Ossip Gabrilowitsch as music director in 1918 brought instant status to the new orchestra. A friend of composers Gustav Mahler and Sergei Rachmaninoff, Gabrilowitsch demanded a new auditorium be built as a condition of his accepting the position. Orchestra Hall was completed for the new music director in 1919 in four months and twenty-three days. Under Gabrilowitsch, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra quickly became one of the most prominent orchestras in the country, performing with the leading artists of the day. In 1922, the orchestra gave the world's first radio broadcast of a symphony orchestra concert with Gabrilowitsch conducting and guest artist Artur Schnabel at the piano. From 1934 to 1942, the orchestra performed for millions across the country as the official orchestra of The Ford Sunday Evening Hour (later the Ford Symphony Hour) national radio show. 
In 1939, three years after Gabrilowitsch's premature death, the orchestra moved from Orchestra Hall to the Masonic Temple Theatre due to major financial problems caused by the Great Depression. The orchestra disbanded twice in the 1940s as it moved around three different performing venues. In 1946, the orchestra moved to the Wilson Theater which was renamed Music Hall. In 1956, the orchestra moved to Ford Auditorium on the waterfront of the Detroit River, where it remained for the next 33 years. The orchestra once again enjoyed national prestige under music director Paul Paray, winning numerous awards for its 70 recordings on the Mercury label. Paray was followed by noted music directors Sixten Ehrling, Aldo Ceccato, Antal Doráti, and Günther Herbig. 
In the realm of popular music, the orchestra provided the recorded string accompaniments on many of Motown Record's classic hits of the 1960s, usually under the direction of the orchestra's concertmaster of the time, Gordon Staples. Two Motown albums featured the strings with the Motown rhythm section the Funk Brothers. The combined ensemble was known as the San Remo Golden Strings and enjoyed two hit singles: "Hungry for Love" (#3 Adult Contemporary) and "I'm Satisfied", which charted on the Billboard Top 100. In 1966 members of the orchestra were seen recording in the Motown studio on W. Grand Boulevard with The Supremes for the ABC-TV documentary "Anatomy of Pop: The Music Explosion." 
In 1970 the DSO instituted the Detroit Symphony Youth Orchestra as a training group, under Paul Freeman.
In 1989, following a 20-year rescue and restoration effort, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra returned to Orchestra Hall. Further renovations to the hall were completed in 2003 including a $60 million addition and a recital hall and education wing, the Max M. Fisher Music Center. A fine arts high school, the Detroit School of Arts, was added to the DSO campus in 2004.
The symphony has produced many recordings on the Victor, London, Decca, Mercury, RCA, Chandos and DSO labels. The DSO recording of Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring was the first CD to win the prestigious Grand Prix du Disque award. 
Neeme Järvi began his music directorship in 1990, and served through 2005, the second-longest in the orchestra's history. 
After a five-year search, the DSO announced on October 7, 2007, the appointment of Leonard Slatkin as its twelfth music director.Stryker, Mark, "World-class maestro is heading to Detroit". Detroit Free Press, 7 October 2007. Prior to Slatkin's appointment, Peter Oundjian was the DSO's Artistic Advisor, and continues to hold the title of Principal Guest Conductor. In February 2010, the orchestra announced the extension of Slatkin's contract as DSO music director through the 2012–2013 season. This also included an annnoucement that Slatkin would take a salary reduction to help relieve the financial difficulties of the orchestra. 
In early 2010 George Blood Audio and Video [in Philadelphia, PA] began transferring recordings, dating back to the 1959-1960 concert season, to the digital medium.
====2010-2011 DSO Musicians Strike====
The musicians of the DSO went on strike on October 4, 2010, in a labor dispute with management. On February 19, 2011, DSO management announced it would suspend the remainder of the 2010-2011 concert season, when the musicians rejected a final offer made on February 15, 2011. After a six-month strike, the musicians and management reached an agreement on April 3, 2011. Concerts resumed April 9, 2011, with a weekend of free concerts. The DSO's first weekend back, all concerts were $20 or $25 which they referred to as “patron-minded pricing”.
==Music directors==
* Weston Gales (1914–1917)
* Ossip Gabrilowitsch (1918–1936)
* Victor Kolar (1940–1942)
* Karl Krueger (1944–1949)
* Orchestra disbanded from 1949 to 1951
* Paul Paray (1951–1962)
* Sixten Ehrling (1963–1973)
* Aldo Ceccato (1973–1977)
* Antal Doráti (1977–1981)
* Günther Herbig (1984–1990)
* Neeme Järvi (1990–2005)
* Leonard Slatkin (2008–present)
==References==
==Sources==
* Gavrilovich, Peter and Bill McGraw. The Detroit Almanac, Detroit Free Press (2000, ISBN 0937247341).
* Heiles, Ann Mischakoff, America's Concertmasters (Detroit Monographs in Musicology). Harmonie Park (2007, ISBN 0899901395).
* Woodford, Arthur M., This is Detroit 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press (2001, ISBN 0-8143-2914-4).
==External links==
*Detroit Symphony Orchestra
*Musicians of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra
==See also==
*Orchestra Hall, Detroit
*Alexander Mishnaevski (the orchestra's principal violist)
*Robert deMaine (the orchestra's principal cellist)
*Robert S. Williams (the orchestra's principal bassoonist)
*List of symphony orchestras
Category:Musical groups established in 1914
Category:Culture of Detroit, Michigan
Category:American orchestras
Category:Michigan culture
fr:Orchestre symphonique de Détroit
ko:디트로이트 교향악단
he:תזמורת דטרויט
ja:デトロイト交響楽団
pt:Orquestra Sinfônica de Detroit