Human colonization of the Moon

Since the advent of the the Space Age, an initial small but ever growing colonization of the space and Moon, involving a number of Terran countries, is taking place. In 1959, Germany was the first nation to land a man on Luna however the first short term moonbase was established by the United Commonwealths in 1964. The initial settlements of American Jamestown and German Basis Otto were abandoned in 1970 following the temporal halt of the Space Race due to the first oil shock.
It was only in 1980 when Italy shocked the world and reignited the Space Race by landing on the Moon with Roman astronauts establishing Aquila Primus as a permanent station, the first time that humans had returned to its satellite since 1969. Cooperation with Zarexium and new technologies like lunar gateways, nuclear propulsion, robots and solar power simplified lunar colonization heavily, leading to a plethora of countries establishing colonies. After Italy, Germany, the United Commonwealths, Russia, Transcathay, the British Empire, China, the Anglo-Celtic Commonwealth and Korea created permanent colonies to study, explore and harvest the Moon. Following the completion of the Skyhook, traveling to the Moon became incredibly cheap, leading to an influx of extraterrestrial activities and settlement endeavors.
Settling of the Moon is, therefore, a more specific concept, for which the broader concept of colonization is often used as a synonym, a use that is contested in the light of colonialism. For instance, Rome refrains from using terms like colony and instead calls their settlements elysiums. Laying claim to the Moon has been declared illegal through international cosmos law and no state has made such claims, despite having a range of moonbases, habitats, research, mining and industrial facilities as well as space launch systems on the Moon. The commercialization of the Moon is a contentious issue for national and international lunar regulation and laws, such as the Moon Treaty.
The colonization of Luna had and has many direct consequences for the life on Earth and spacefaring. These include the Zarexian Push or the simplification of space travel by starting spaceships from the Moon and its orbit, cheaper industrial and consumer goods through the exploitation of lunar resources and new green energy sources like solar or fusion power, the latter using helium-3 which is abundant on the Moon. Human societal progress was achieved through the colonization of the Moon, examples include the Socialization of the Cosmos and when the first woman on the Moon, Molly Cobb, prompted the Equality Act in the United Commonwealths. On the flip side, the Moon poses a new ground for conflicts, most prominently the 1985 Neu-Berlin Crisis, and challenges for Terran politics, like the Mani-23 Affair.
== Colonization efforts by country ==
=== Germany ===