List of current monarchs of sovereign states

A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies) or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies). In many cases, a monarch will also be linked with a state religion. Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling. Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies.
A variety of titles are applied in English; for example, "king" and "queen", "prince" and "princess", "grand duke" and "grand duchess", "emperor" and "empress". Although they will be addressed differently in their local languages, the names and titles in the list below have been styled using the common English equivalent. Roman numerals, used to distinguish related rulers with the same name, have been applied where typical.
In political and sociocultural studies, monarchies are normally associated with hereditary rule; most monarchs, in both historical and contemporary contexts, have been born and raised within a royal family. Succession has been defined using a variety of distinct formulae, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority. Some monarchies, however, are not hereditary, and the ruler is instead determined through an elective process; a modern example is the throne of Malaysia.Constitution of Malaysia, Art. 32, Sec. 3. These systems defy the model concept of a monarchy, but are commonly considered as such because they retain certain associative characteristics. Many systems use a combination of hereditary and elective elements, where the election or nomination of a successor is restricted to members of a royal bloodline.
Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions, which are organised alphabetically. These monarchs reign as head of state in their respective sovereign states. Monarchs reigning over a constituent division, cultural or traditional polity are listed under constituent monarchs. For a list of former ruling families or abolished thrones, see: former ruling families.
==Monarchs by country==
Title 	Monarch(Birth year) 	Monarch(Birth year)	Sovereign state(s)	Since	Length	House 	Type 	Heir to the throne 	
Co-Prince 	Joan Enric Vives i Sicília(b. 1949) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Ex officio 	Constitution of Andorra, Ch. 3.
Co-Prince 	Emmanuel Macron(b. 1977) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Ex officio 	Constitution of Andorra, Ch. 3.
King 	Charles III(b. 1948) 	 	 	 	 	Windsor 	Ceremonial 	William, Prince of Wales 	Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda, Art. 68. Constitution of Australia, Art. 61. Constitution of the Bahamas, Art. 71. Constitution of Belize, Art. 36. Constitution of Canada, Art. 9. Constitution of Grenada, Art. 57. Constitution of Jamaica, Art. 68. Constitution Act 1986: Part 1. Constitution of Papua New Guinea, Art. 82. Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Art. 51. Constitution of Saint Lucia, Art. 59. Constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Art. 50. Constitution of Solomon Islands, Art. 1. Constitution of Tuvalu, Art. 48.
King 	Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa(b. 1950) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain 	
King 	Philippe(b. 1960) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant 	
Druk Gyalpo 	Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck(b. 1980) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Jigme Namgyel 	
Sultan 	Hassanal Bolkiah(b. 1946) 	 	 	 	 	 	Absolute 	Al-Muhtadee Billah 	
King 	Norodom Sihamoni(b. 1953) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Hereditary and elective 	
King 	Frederik X(b. 1968) 	 	 	 	 	(official)Monpezat	Ceremonial 	Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark 	
King 	Mswati III(b. 1968) 	 	 	 	 	 	Absolute 	Hereditary and elective 	
Emperor 	Naruhito(b. 1960) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Fumihito, Prince Akishino (Presumptive heir) 	
King 	Abdullah II(b. 1962) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Hereditary and elective (presumably Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan)	
Emir 	Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah(b. 1940)	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Hereditary and elective 	
King 	Letsie III(b. 1963) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Lerotholi Seeiso 	
Prince 	Hans-Adam II(b. 1945) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	The Hereditary Prince Alois (currently Prince Regent) 	
Grand Duke 	Henri(b. 1955) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg 	
Yang di-Pertuan Agong	Ibrahim Iskandar(b. 1958) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial & Federal	Elective 	
Prince 	Albert II(b. 1958) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco 	
King 	Mohammed VI(b. 1963) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco 	
King 	Willem-Alexander(b. 1967) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange 	
King 	Harald V(b. 1937) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway 	
Sultan 	Haitham bin Tariq(b. 1954) 	 	 	 	 	 	Absolute 	Theyazin bin Haitham 	
Emir 	Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani(b. 1980) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Abdullah bin Hamad 	
King 	Salman(b. 1935) 	 	 	 	 	 	Absolute 	Mohammed bin Salman 	
King 	Felipe VI(b. 1968) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Leonor, Princess of Asturias (Presumptive heir) 	
King 	Carl XVI Gustaf(b. 1946) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden 	
King 	Vajiralongkorn(b. 1952) 	 	 	 	 	 	Ceremonial 	Dipangkorn Rasmijoti (Presumptive heir) 	
King 	Tupou VI(b. 1959) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive 	Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala 	
President 	Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan(b. 1961) 	 	 	 	 	 	Executive & Federal 	Hereditary and elective (presumably Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan) 	
Pope 	Francis(b. 1936) 	 	(Holy See) 	 	 	 	Absolute 	Elective 	
==See also==
* List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign
* List of current non-sovereign monarchs
* List of current heads of state and government
* Heads of former ruling families
* List of monarchies
* List of living former sovereign monarchs
* List of current heirs apparent
* List of current consorts of sovereigns
* Records of heads of state
==Notes==
==References==
==External links==
*
Monarchs
*Sovereign
monarchs, current
Category:Religion and politics