Djadochta Formation

The Djadochta Formation (sometimes transcribed Djadokhta) is a geological formation situated in central Asia (Gobi Desert), dating from the Late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the early Campanian, possibly starting in the latest Santonian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly at about 75-71 mya (million years ago). The type locality are the famous "Flaming Cliffs", locally known as Bayanzag ("rich in Haloxylon") or Ulaan-Ereg ("red cliffs").
It preserves an arid habitat of sand dunes, with little freshwater apart from oases and arroyos. In fact, the present-day climate at most Djadochta Formation sites differs little from what it was some 80 mya, except by being somewhat warmer and perhaps a bit less arid then. This is testimony to the fact that the location has long been so far from any major source of evaporation that little rainfall reached it, even before the Himalayas were uplifted which bar clouds from reaching today's Gobi desert.
Most notable fossil discoveries have been the first confirmed dinosaur eggs (a clutch, probably of Oviraptor) and several dinosaur finds, Protoceratops, Pinacosaurus and Velociraptor being the most prominent.
==Fauna==
The fauna of the Djadochta Formation is very similar in composition to the nearby Bayan Mandahu Formation. The two share many of the same genera, but differ in the exact species. For example, the most common mammal in the Djadochta is Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, while in the Bayan Mandahu, it is the closely related Kryptobaatar mandahuensis. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of the Djadochta includes Protoceratops andrewsi and Velociraptor mongoliensis, which the Bayan Mandahu yields Protoceratops hellenikorhinus and Velociraptor osmolskae. It is likely that the nearby Bayn Mandahu represents a slightly younger, perhaps by 1 million years, assemblage of slightly more derived animals, possibly the direct descendants of their Djadochta counterparts.
===Amphibians===
A frog of uncertain classification is known from the formation.
===Crocodylomorphs===
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Gobiosuchus	
G. kielanae	 	 	 	A gobisuchid.
Shamosuchus	
S. djadochtaensis	 	 	 	A mesoeucrocodylian.
Zaraasuchus	
Z. shepardi	 	 	 	A gobisuchid.
Zosuchus	
Z. davidsoni	 	 	 	
A basal crocodyliform.
===Lizards===
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes 	Images
Aiolosaurus	
A. oriens	 	 	 	 	
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Anchaurosaurus	
A. gilmorei	 	 	 	A primitive iguanid.	
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Estesia	
E. mongoliensis	 	 	 	An anguimorph. 	
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Gobiderma	
G. pulchra	 	 	 	An anguimorph. 	
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Mimeosaurus	
M. crassus	 	 	 	An agamid. 	
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Pleurodontagama	
P. aenigmatodes	 	 	 	An agamid. 	
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Priscagama	
P. gobiensis	 	 	 	An agamid. 	
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Xihaina	
X. aquilonia	 	 	 	A primitive iguanid.	
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===Mammals===
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Bulganbaatar	
B. nemegtbaataroides	 	 	 	
A multituberculate.	
Deltatheridium	
D. pretrituberculare	 	 	 	
A metatherian.	
Deltatheroides	
D. cretacicus	 	 	 	
A metatherian.	
Hyotheridium	
H. dobsoni	 	 	 	
A therian mammal of uncertain classification.	
Kamptobaatar	
K. kuczynskii	
* Ukhaa Tolgod	 	 	
A multituberculate.	
Kennalestes	
K. gobiensis	 	 	 	
A placental. Also present in the Bayan Mandahu Formation.	
Kryptobaatar	
K. dashzevegi	
* Ukhaa Tolgod
* Zos Wash	 	 	
A multituberculate, the most common mammal in this formation.	
Zalambdalestes	
Z. lechei	
* Ukhaa Tolgod
* Zos Wash	 	 	
A placental.	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
===Ornithischians===
Genus	Species	Location	Abundance	Notes	Images
Pinacosaurus	
P. grangeri	
* Bayan Dzak
* Ukhaa Tolgod
* Alag Teg
* Tugriken Shireh	 	
An ankylosaur.	
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Pinacosaurus	
P. mephistocephalus	
* Bayan Mandahu	 	 	
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Pinacosaurus	
Indeterminate	
* Tugriken Shireh	 	
An ankylosaur.	
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PlesiohadrosKhishigjav Tsogtbaatar, David Weishampel, David C. Evans, and Mahito Watabe (2014). A new hadrosauroid (Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis) from the Late Cretaceous Djadokhtan fauna of southern Mongolia. [pgs. 108-135] In: David A. Eberth and David C. Evans (eds). Hadrosaurs. Proceedings of the International Hadrosaur Symposium. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01385-9.	
P. djadokhtaensis	
* Alag Teg	 	
A basal hadrosaurid.	
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Protoceratops	
P. andrewsi	
* Bayan Dzak
* Tugriken Shireh
* Ukhaa Tolgod
* Zos Wash	 	
A protoceratopsid.	
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Protoceratops	
P. hellenikorhinus	
* Bayan Mandahu	 	 	
thumb|center|200px|Pinacosaurus
Protoceratops	
Indeterminate	
* Ukhaa Tolgod	 	
A protoceratopsid.	
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===Saurischians===
Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation	Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation	Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation	Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation	Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation	Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation	Saurischian dinosaurs reported from the Djadochta Formation
Genus 	Species 	Location 	Material 	Notes 	Images 	
Apsaravis"47.4 Ömnögov', Mongolia; 2. Djadochta Formation." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pg. 596.	
A. ukhaana 	
* Ukhaa TolgodClarke, Julia A., Norell, Mark A. (2002). "The morphology and phylogenetic position of Apsaravis ukhaana from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia". American Museum Novitates, No. 3387, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY.	
"Partial postcranial skeleton.""Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.	
A basal ornithurine bird only known from this formation. 	 	
Archaeornithoides 	
A. deinosauriscus 	
* Bayn DzakSpelled "Ömnögov'" in "47.4 Ömnögov', Mongolia; 2. Djadochta Formation." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pg. 596.	
"Partial skull.""Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.	
A coelurosaur of uncertain relationships 	 	
Byronosaurus 	
B. jaffei 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	
"Skull and fragmentary postcranium, [and a] fragmentary skull.""Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.	
A troodontid 	 	
Citipati 	
C. osmolskae 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	
"Skeleton with skull, partial postcranium, embryo to adult.""Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 167.	
An oviraptorid found brooding its eggs 	 	
Citipati 	
Citipati sp. 	
* Zamyn Khondt 	 	
An oviraptorid with a distinctive, tall crest 	 	
Gobipteryx 	
G. minuta 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	 	
An enantiornithine also known from the Barun Goyot Formation	 	
Gobivenator 	
G. mongoliensis 	 	
"Almost complete skeleton." 	
A troodontid theropod. 	 	
Khaan 	
K. mckennai 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	
"[Three] skeletons with skulls." 	
An oviraptorid. 	 	
Kol 	
K. ghuva 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	
"A well-preserved right foot" 	
An alvarezsaurid. 	 	
Mahakala 	
M. omnogovae 	
* Tugriken Shireh 	 	
A dromaeosaurid. 	 	
Oviraptor"48.11 Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 2. Djadochta Formation." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pg. 598.	
O. philoceratops 	
* Bayan Dzak 	
"[One] partial skeleton with skull""Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.	
An oviraptorid. 	 	
?Parvicursor 	
Indeterminate 	
* Tugriken Shireh 	 	
An alvarezsaurid. 	 	
Quaesitosaurus 	
Q. orientalis 	 	
"Partial skull.""Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 263.	
An nemegtosaurid 	 	
Saurornithoides 	
S. mongoliensis 	
* Bayan Dzak 	
"Skull with fragmentary postcranial skeleton." 	
A troodontid. 	 	
Shuvuuia 	
S. deserti 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod
* Zos Wash 	
"Skull and postcranial skeleton.""Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.	
An alvarezsaurid 	 	
cf. Tarbosaurus 	
Indeterminate 	 	 	
A tyrannosaurid, may actually be Zhuchengtyrannus. 	 	
Tyrannosauridae indet. 	
Indeterminate 	
* Bayan Dzak
* Bayan Mandahu"Inner Mongolia" is referred to as "Nei Mongol Zizhiqu" in "48.11 Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 2. Djadochta Formation." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pg. 598.	 	
A tyrannosaurid possible referable to Alectrosaurus. 	 	
Tsaagan 	
T. mangas 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	 	
A dromaeosaurid. 	 	
Velociraptor 	
V. mongoliensis 	
* Bayan Dzak
* Tugriken Shireh
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	 	
A dromaeosaurid. 	 	
cf. Zhuchengtyrannus 	
Indeterminate 	 	 	
A tyrannosaurid, may actually be Tarbosaurus. 	 	
Unnamed dromaeosaurid 	
Unnamed 	
* Zos wash 	 	 	 	
Unnamed troodontid 	
Unnamed, specimen IGM 100/1005 	
* Ukhaa Tolgod 	 	 	 	
Ornithomimosauria indet. 	
Unnamed, specimen IGM 100/1245 and IGM 100/987 	
* Uhkaa Tolgod 	
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===Eggs===
Oogenus	Oospecies	Location	Material	Notes
StyloolithusVarricchio, D.J. and D.E. Barta (2015). "Revisiting Sabath's "Larger Avian Eggs" from the Gobi Cretaceous" Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60(1):11-25.	
S. sabathi	
* Bayn Dzak	 	
Probably avian
ProtoceratopsidovumMikhailov, K. E. (1995) "Systematic, faunistic and stratigraphic diversity of Cretaceous eggs in Mongolia: comparison with China." Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Beijing. Short Papers... Beijing. pp. 165-168.	
* P. sincerum
* P. minimum
* P. fluxuosum	 	 	
Elongatoolithus	
*E. frustrabilis
*E. Subtitectorius	 	 	
Spheroolithus	
*S. maiasauroides
*S. tenuicorticus	 	 	
Macroolithus	
M. mutabilis	 	 	
Subtiliolithus	
spp. 	 	 	
==See also==
* Barun Goyot Formation
* List of fossil sites (with link directory)
* Nemegt Formation
* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
==Footnotes==
==References==
* Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
Category:Geography of Mongolia
Category:Geology of Mongolia
Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of Asia
Category:Geologic formations with imbedded sand dunes
Category:Geologic formations of Asia