80 series

The 80 series is a Japanese suburban commuter electric multiple unit operated by the Japanese National Railways from March 1950 to February 1983. It is the first of what would later be known as the "Shōnan trains".
==History==
The 80 series sets were designed as replacements for older passenger trains hauled by electric locomotives, with the electric multiple units being used to aid with higher passenger densities as they were able to carry more passengers than locomotives could.
Intended for long-distance suburban services, the 80 series cars were introduced into service on 1 March 1950 and were intended to be used on the Tōkaidō Main Line. The trains were painted in a striking two-tone orange and green paint scheme, later nicknamed Shōnan orange; this paint scheme would later be used on numerous other trains in a number of different variations and is currently used as the main accent colors for the E231 and E233 series cars that ply the suburban Shōnan-Shinjuku Line among other lines.
When the trains initially entered service they were stationed at Tamachi and Miyahara Rolling Stock Centers; they were deployed to Ōgaki in 1955, Takasaki in 1956 and Utsunomiya in 1958. Their in-car facilities were praised, with the 80 series sets being a common sight on named semi-express trains such as the Amagi and Hatsushima. The 80 series sets would be removed from Tamachi in 1962, being replaced with 111 and 153 series cars in their duties and moved to Ōfuna and Shizuoka. They would also be removed from other depots until 1968, being replaced mainly by 111, 115 and 165 series cars. The 80 series sets's last assignments were in Toyohashi, with their last commercial operations occurring on 24 February 1983. Scrapping of withdrawn trains would commence shortly after.
==Design==
Early 80 series cars featured a design generally following that of older JNR electric multiple units, such as the 40 series, with rounded edges. The most famous 80 series cars featured what is known as the "Shōnan-style design", featuring a semi-streamlined body with two large windows in the front; while the trains were not the first to feature this sort of design, the 80 series is credited with popularizing the design language. This basic design would be adopted for various trains manufactured around this time and for years after.
==Specifications==
The sets featured four subseries: the -0, -100, -200 and -300 subseries cars. The -0 subseries cars were the first manufactured and feature older styled bodies reminiscent of the 40 series sets. The -100 and -200 subseries cars featured improvements to allow them to be used in colder regions and improved seats with increased seat pitch. The -300 subseries cars featured the same enhancements as the -100 and -200 subseries cars but with steel bodies.
==Preservation==
The following 80 series cars have been preserved:
Car number	Manufacturer	Date manufactured	Date retired	Previous sets	Location 	Notes
KuHa 86001	Hitachi 	1950 	1984 	N/A 	Kyoto Railway Museum, Kyoto, Japan	Formerly located at the Modern Transportation Museum until 2014
MoHa 80001	Hitachi 	1950 	1984 	N/A 	Kyoto Railway Museum, Kyoto, Japan	Intermediate car, coupled to KuHa 86001; formerly located at the Modern Transportation Museum until 2014
None of the semi-streamlined 80 series cars which created what is known as the "Shōnan-style boom" have been preserved.
== Gallery ==
File:45197.jpg
File:KuHa86001 2020.jpg
File:KuHa 80001 2020.jpg
File:KuHa 86001 2012.jpg
File:KuHa 80001 2012.jpg
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