Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc has inspired artistic and cultural works for nearly six centuries. The following lists cover various media to include items of historic interest, enduring works of high art, and recent representations in popular culture. The entries represent portrayals that a reader has a reasonable chance of encountering rather than a complete catalog. Lesser known works, particularly from early periods, are not included. In 1979 the Bibliothèque Municipale in Rouen, France] held an exhibition that contained over five hundred images and other items that related to Joan of Arc. 
Many of the excluded items are derivative of better known representations. For instance, Schiller's play inspired at least eighty-two different dramatic works during the nineteenth century. Verdi's and Tchaikovsky's operatic adaptations are still recorded and performed. Most of the others survive only in research libraries. In 1894 Émile Huet listed over four hundred plays and musical works about Joan of Arc. Despite a great deal of scholarly interest in Joan of Arc no complete list of artistic works about her exists, although a 1989 doctoral dissertation did identify all relevant films including ones for which no copy survives.
For purposes of classification, popular culture music is a separate section from operas and oratorios. Films include made-for-television movies and miniseries. Television covers live action series.
The story of Joan of Arc was a popular subject for dramatization in the 1940s. In addition to Maxwell Anderson's play Joan of Lorraine and the Ingrid Bergman film Joan of Arc, there was also the 1948 RKO film The Miracle of the Bells starring Fred MacMurray, Alida Valli, and Frank Sinatra, about a dying film actress whose first and last role is Joan of Arc. There were also three radio dramatizations of the story of Joan during those years, one of them specifically written with a World War II framework.
==Literature and theater==
Date	Title 	Author 	Notes
1429	"Song in Honor of Joan of Arc" 	Christine de Pizan 	An elegiac poem written during Jeanne's own lifetime is this author's final work. English translation available: .
1450	story of the Siege of Orléans 	Anonymous (possibly Jacques Millet) 	First performed in Orléans four years after Joan of Arc's death. The surviving version appears to be a revision from around 1450. God and several saints play major roles in this sprawling drama of more than a hundred speaking parts.
1590	Henry VI, Part 1 	William Shakespeare 	Joan la Pucelle is the principal villain. Drawn from English sources of the previous century, this Joan of Arc begins with the appearance of piety but soon proves to be a cunning witch justly executed. Project Gutenberg text: .
1756	The Maid of Oranges 	Voltaire 	A mock epic poem that explores typically Voltairean themes deriding mysticism as humbug. Wikisource text (in French):
1801	The Maid of Orléans 	Friedrich Schiller 	In literary rebuttal to Voltaire, Schiller creates a sympathetic Joan of Arc as a Romantic heroine. A magic helmet renders her invincible until she falls in love, and she is killed in battle rather than being burned at the stake. This drama was the basis of Tchaikovsky's opera of the same name. Project Gutenberg text in English: .
1817	Histoire de Jeanne d`Arc (History of Joan of Arc) Tome1 Tome2 Tome3 Tome4	Philippe-Alexandre Le Brun de Charmettes	(Paris, Ed. Artus Bertrand, 1817) Called the Maid of Orléans, drawn from her own declarations, of one hundred forty-four depositions of eyewitnesses, and of the manuscripts of the library of the King and the Tower of London.
1821	L'ORLEANIDE 	Philippe-Alexandre Le Brun de Charmettes	(Paris, Ed. Smith, audin, 1821) L'ORLEANIDE, POEME NATIONAL EN VINGT-HUIT CHANTS.
1896	Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc 	Mark Twain 	This novel remains little remembered yet in his own opinion was his finest work. Twain spent months in France researching newly rediscovered documents. This reverent fictional biography is Twain's most uncharacteristic novel. Project Gutenberg text: Vol. 1 and Vol. 2. He published it under a different pseudonym: Jean Francois Alden.
1912	Tapestry of Saint Genevieve and Joan of Arc 	Charles Péguy 	Poetry. Péguy also wrote a play in three parts entitled Jeanne d'Arc, (1896).
1923	Gilles and Jeanne 	Georg Kaiser 	Expressionist drama explores Joan of Arc's association with the most notorious criminal of her era, Gilles de Rais.
1923	Saint Joan 	George Bernard Shaw 	This drama, widely esteemed as Shaw's masterpiece, draws heavily from trial records. Historians dismiss Shaw's contention that she was an early Protestant with impartial judges. Subsequent twentieth century plays often mirror Shaw's interest in her trial. ISBN 0-14-043791-6
1930	Saint Joan of the Stockyards 	Bertolt Brecht 	Transposes Joan of Arc into working-class Chicago and portrays her as a labor leader. Brecht made Joan of Arc the subject of two other plays, all three with Marxist themes; they are an adaptation of a radio play by Anna Seghers, The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven, 1431 and The Visions of Simone Machard. ISBN 1-55970-420-9
1935	A Vida de Joana D'Arc (Life of Joan of Arc) 	Érico Veríssimo 	A Brazilian historical novel addressed to young people.
1946	Joan of Lorraine 	Maxwell Anderson 	This play-within-a-play is chiefly memorable as the basis for Ingrid Bergman's screen portrayal. ASIN B0006YOM36
1953	L'Alouette (The Lark) 	Jean Anouilh 	An allegory of Vichy collaboration in the aftermath of World War II. Lillian Hellman's noteworthy English translation adds a critique of McCarthyism and included a score by Leonard Bernstein. ISBN 0-8222-0634-X
1964	The Dead Lady of Clown Town 	Cordwainer Smith 	A far-future science fiction story with strong parallels to the history of Joan of Arc.
1968	The Image of the Beast 	Philip José Farmer 	Joan of Arc is portrayed as an alien sexual predator, still alive in the 20th century but with her body altered to enable the also-alien 15th-century serial killer Gilles de Rais to live within her vagina dentata as a fang-toothed venomous snake that bites and paralyses men during intercourse.
1974	Blood Red, Sister Rose 	Thomas Keneally 	The novel explores the imagined psychology of Joan and tells her story from Domrémy to the coronation of Charles VII. The conversations of Joan with her voices are a notable feature of the book. Significant secondary characters include Charles and Gilles de Rais. ISBN 0-00-221087-8
1993	The Second Coming of Joan of Arc 	Carolyn Gage 	A one woman-lesbian play. Joan returns to share her story with contemporary women. She tells her experiences with the highest levels of church, state, and military, and unmasks the brutal misogyny behind male institutions. ISBN 0-93-982106-0
1997	An Army of Angels 	Pamela Marcantel 	A novel which depicts Joan of Arc according to the author's conception of her personality. ISBN 0-312-18042-X
1999	Jeanne d'Arc 	Michel Peyramaure 	A novel in two parts (in French). ISBN 2-221-08922-7 and ISBN 2-221-08923-5.
2003	Monstrous Regiment 	Terry Pratchett 	Part of the Discworld series, a fictional character styled after Joan of Arc dresses as a man to lead an army. ISBN 0-06-001316-8
2005	Hire, or the Anger of Jeanne 	Régine Deforges 	(In French). ISBN 2-213-62497-6
2006	Rogue Angel Series 	Alex Archer 	A series of action/adventure novels, the main character of which is the successor to Joan of Arc.
2008	"The Magician: Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel" 	Michael Scott 	Fantasy novel in which Joan of Arc features prominently. She is an immortal living in modern-day Paris. It is explained that she was rescued from her execution by the warrior Scathach.
==Operas, oratorios, and vocal works==
Date 	Title 	Artist 	Genre 	Notes
1789 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Gaetano Andreozzi 	opera 	Libretto by Antonio Simeone Sografi. Premiere given at the Teatro Nuovo Eretenio in Vicenza on 27 June 1789.
1790 	Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans 	Rodolphe Kreutzer 	opera comica 	Libretto by Pierre Jean Baptiste Choudard Desforges. Premiere given at the Comédie-Italienne in Paris on 10 May 1790.
1821 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Salvatore Viganò 	ballet 	Plot influenced by Schiller. Premiered at La Scala on 3 March 1821.
1821 	Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans 	Michele Carafa 	opera comica 	Libretto by Emmanuel Théaulon and Armand Dartois after Schiller. Premiere given at the Théâtre Feydeau on 10 March 1821.
1825 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Giuseppe Nicolini 	opera 	Libretto by Apostolo Zeno. Premiere given at the Teatro Regio di Torino on 22 January 1825.
1827 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Nicola Vaccai 	opera 	Libretto by Gaetano Rossi. Premiere given at La Fenice on 17 February 1827.
1830 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Giovanni Pacini 	opera 	Gaetano Barbieri after Schiller. Premiere given at La Scala on 14 March 1830.
1845 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Giuseppe Verdi 	opera 	Libretto by Temistocle Solera after Schiller. Premiere given at La Scala on 15 February 1845.
1865 	Jeanne d'Arc 	Gilbert Duprez 	opera 	Libretto by Joseph Méry after Schiller. Premiere given in Paris on 24 October 1865.
1873 - 1877	Jeanne d'Arc 	Text by Jules Barbier with music by Charles Gounod. 	lyric drama in 5 acts 	N/A
1878 	The Maid of Orleans 	Piotr Ilitch Tchaikovsky 	opera 	Plot influenced by Schiller.
1913 	Giovanna d'Arco, op.135 	Marco Enrico Bossi 	oratorio 	Libretto by Luigi Orsini after Schiller.
1921 	Giovanna d'Arco 	Alberto Pestalozza 	Marionette opera 	Libretto by the composer after Schiller. Premiered in Turin on 17 September 1921
1939 	Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher 	Text by Paul Claudel with music by Arthur Honegger 	dramatic oratorio 	This deeply religious portrayal ends with the founder of the Inquisition accusing Joan's judges of heresy.
1950 	The Triumph of St. Joan 	An opera in 3 Acts by Norman Dello Joio 	Opera 	Later adapted by the composer into an opera for television (1956), a one act opera (1959), and a symphony (1951).
1953 	Ballade des Dames du temps jadis 	Musical adaptation by Georges Brassens of a poem by François Villon	Art song 	Though little known outside France, Brassens set a number of complex poems to music and often performed them himself.
1956 	Le triomphe de Jeanne 	Henri Tomasi 	opera-oratorio 	Libretto by the composer and Philippe Soupault after Schiller. Premiere given at the Théâtre-Cirque in Rouen on 23 June 1956.
1966 	Choruses from L'Alouette (The Lark), play by Jean Anouilh	music by Leonard Bernstein 	set of choral pieces 	Part of Bernstein's incidental score for a production of the play in an adaptation by Lillian Hellman.
1971 	The Survival of St. Joan 	Text by James Lineberger; music by Hank Ruffin and Gary Ruffin 	rock opera 	Deals with a legend of Joan escaping burning and kept in the home of a shepherd.
1989 	Mistero e processo di Giovanna d'Arco 	Roberto De Simone 	Melodrama 	Libretto by the composer after Schiller. Premiered at the Teatro Verdi in Pisa on 26 October 1989.
1994 	Voices of Light 	Richard Einhorn 	choral orchestral work	Inspired by the 1928 film The Passion of Joan of Arc, frequently performed during screenings of the film; uses sacred texts as well as texts by various medieval mystics, including Hildegard of Bingen.
1997 	Jeanne, the Joan of Arc Musical 	text by Vincent de Tourdonnet; music by Peter Sipos 	musical theatre 	Based on historical research. Translated into French by Antonine Maillet renamed "Jeanne la Pucelle".
== Images ==
Date 	Title 	Artist 	Location 	Notes 	
10 May 1429 	untitled 	Clément de Fauquembergue 	Sketch in the margin of the register of the Parlement of Paris by Clément de Fauquembergue, 1429, drawn on the day that news arrived in Paris of the French victory at Orléans. Though Fauquembergue never saw her in person, this is the only extant depiction from her lifetime.	 	
c. 1450 	Le Champion des Dames 	Martin Lefranc 	 	Miniature portrait in an illustrated manuscript in an anachronistic Biblical setting, with long hair, wearing armor and a long robe. 	
c. 1460 	Chronique de Charles VII 	Jean Chartier 	 	Miniature portrait in an illustrated manuscript, similar portrayal to Le Champion des Dames. 	
1484 	Vigiles du Roi Charles VII 	 	 	Miniature portrait in an illuminated manuscript, similar portrayal to Le Champion des Dames. 	
late 15th century	untitled 	 	Hermitage of Notre-Dame de Bermont, France 	Fresco of two young women: one a peasant girl at prayer, the other dressed in male attire: possible depictions of Joan of Arc rediscovered underneath a later work. Joan of Arc was known to pray often at the site.	
1505 	untitled 	 	 	Joan of Arc depicted on horseback in an illustration from a 1505 manuscript 	
1557 	Portrait of the Town Council of Orléans 	 	 	Joan of Arc wears a robe with slashed sleeves and a plume (symbolic of victory in war) and holds a sword. This became a model for many later portraits. 	
1620 	Joan of Arc at Prayer 	Peter Paul Rubens 	North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, North Carolina 	 	
1824 	Jeanne d'Arc interrogated in prison by the cardinal of Winchester 	Paul Delaroche 	Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen 	oil on canvas 277 x 217 cm 	
1833 	Jeanne d'Arc, in the presence of Charles VII, answers questions from churchmen about her visions and revelations	Louvre, Paris 	Gillot Saint-Èvre 	170 x 140 cm 	
1854 	Jeanne at the coronation of Charles VII 	Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres 	 	 	
1865 	Joan of Arc at Prayer 	John Everett Millais 	Private collection 	 	
1879 	Jeanne d'Arc 	Jules Bastien-Lepage 	Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 	oil on canvas 100" x 110" 	
1886 	Jeanne in adoration before the Virgin 	Eugène Grandin, based on a work by Momet	Mehun-sur-Yèvre 	 	
1880-1890 	Jeanne d'Arc hears her voices 	Eugène Carrière 	Musée d'Orsay, Paris 	 	
1886-1890 	Jeanne d'Arc, shepherdess 	Jules-Eugène Lenepveu 	Panthéon, Paris 	 	
1886-1890 	Jeanne d'Arc in armor before Orléans 	Jules-Eugène Lenepveu 	Panthéon, Paris 	 	
1886-1890 	Jeanne d'Arc in Rheims at the time of king Charles VII's coronation 	Jules-Eugène Lenepveu 	Panthéon, Paris 	 	
1886-1890 	Jeanne at the stake 	Jules-Eugène Lenepveu 	Panthéon, Paris 	 	
c. 1870 	Jeanne d'Arc arriving at Orléans 	Jean-Jacques Scherrer 	Musée Jeanne-d'Arc, Rouen 	 	
? 	The departure of Jeanne d'Arc 	Jean-Jacques Scherrer 	Musée Jeanne-d'Arc, Vaucouleurs 	oil on canvas 430 x 320 cm 	
? 	Joan of Arc at Vaucouleurs 	C. R. Walter 	Musée Jeanne-d'Arc, Chinon 	 	
==Sculpture==
Date 	Artist 	Location 	Notes
1852 	François Rude 	Paris, Jardin du Luxembourg 	Standing figure.
1855 	Denis Foyatier, with bas relief pedestal by Vital Dubray	Orléans, place du Martroi 	Bronze equestrian statue.
1874 	Emmanuel Frémiet 	Philadelphia, Fairmount Park 	Equestrian statue. Made from a plaster mold commissioned in 1874 by Napoleon III and originally located in Paris; a copy of the Paris statue was commissioned by Philadelphia, but Frémiet sent the original, as he had replaced the Paris statue with a revised one. . ,
1882 	Frederic Leroux 	Compiègne, France 	
1889 	Paul DuBois 	Rheims, France 	Equestrian statue.
1891 	Marius Mercié 	Domrémy-la-Pucelle, France 	
1892 	Louis-Ernest Barrias 	Bonsecours, France 	Standing figure in white marble and gold leaf. In 1990 the original was moved to the church basilica and its gold leaf was removed. A copy in gold leaf now occupies the site where the original once stood.
1895 	Paul DuBois 	Paris, Place St. Augustin 	Equestrian Statue located in front of the Eglise St. Augustin. Copies were placed in other cities in France, such as Rheims and Strasbourg.
1899 	Emmanuel Frémiet 	Paris, Place des Pyramides 	Equestrian statue. Originally commissioned in 1874 by Napoleon III; this is a revised version of the statue Frémiet made at that time.
1900 	Prosper d'Épinay 	Rheims, France 	Standing figure. Donated to Rheims cathedral in 1909.
1907 	Emmanuel Frémiet 	State Library of Victoria, Australia 	Equestrian statue, replica of the Emmanuel Frémiet statue in Paris.
1915 	Anna Hyatt Huntington 	New York City, Riverside Park at 93rd Street 	Equestrian statue. This was the first public statue in the city to be dedicated to a woman (as opposed to idealized concepts such as Liberty and Victory). Information from the New York Public Art Curriculum site: .
1915 	Paul Manship 	Smithsonian American Art Museum 	Medal, showing an equestrian figure on the obverse and a figure at the stake on the reverse.
After 1921	 	Matane, Québec,Canada Church of St. Joan of Arc 	Standing figure.
1922 	Paul DuBois 	Washington, D.C. Meridian Hill Park 	Bronze copy of the statue by DuBois at Rheims Cathedral.
1920 	 	St. Louis Cathedral, New Orleans, Louisiana 	Standing figure. It was donated to the Cathedral by "The Sodality of Saint Joan of Arc."
cast 1924 	Emmanuel Frémiet 	Portland, Oregon, Laurelhurst neighborhood 	Equestrian statue. It was erected as a tribute to the fallen soldiers of World War I and is a replica of the Frémiet statue at Place des Pyramides in Paris.
1947 	 	Laval, Québec Canada 	Standing figure.
? 	Lanson 	Jargeau, France, Place du Martroy 	Standing figure
? 	? 	Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica - Montreal, Québec, Canada	Standing figure, to the left of the altar.
1972 	Emmanuel Frémiet 	Decatur Street, French Market - New Orleans, Louisiana 	Equestrian statue. It was a gift from the People of France to the City of New Orleans and is a replica of the Frémiet statue at Place des Pyramides in Paris.
==Films==
Date	Title 	Country 	Notes 	Ref
1898	Jeanne d'Arc 	France 	short film directed by Georges Hatot 	
1900	Jeanne d'Arc 	France 	short film directed by George Méliès starring Jeanne d'Alcy 	
1908	Jeanne d'Arc 	France 	directed by Albert Capellani, starring Léontine Massart 	
1908	Giovanna d'Arco 	Italy 	directed by Mario Caserini starring Maria Gasperini, based on Schiller's play 	
1913	Giovanna d'Arco 	Italy 	directed by Ubaldo Maria Del Colle starring Maria Jacobini 	
1917	Joan the Woman 	USA 	directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Geraldine Farrar, with a framework set in the trenches of World War I 	
1927	Saint Joan 	USA 	Directed by Widgey R. Newman, starring Sybil Thorndike. Based on a scene from Shaw's play. 	
1928	The Passion of Joan of Arc 	France 	Directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer, starring Renée Jeanne Falconetti. Review for the 2002 DVD release:. Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of the silent era, it was initially banned in Britain.	
1929	The Marvelous Life of Joan of Arc 	France 	directed by Marco de Gastines, starring Simone Genevois 	
1935	Das Mädchen Johanna 	Germany 	directed by Gustav Ucicky, starring Angela Salloker 	
1944	De Jeanne d'Arc à Philippe Pétain 	France 	documentary narrated by Sacha Guitry 	
1948	Joan of Arc 	USA 	directed by Victor Fleming, starring Ingrid Bergman, based on the Maxwell Anderson play Joan of Lorraine 	
1954	Giovanna d'Arco al Rogo 	Italy 	directed by Roberto Rossellini, starring Ingrid Bergman, based on the oratorio by Paul Claudel and Arthur Honegger 	
1954	Destinies 	France 	a film in sketches directed by Jean Delannoy, starring Michèle Morgan 	
1956	Jehanne 	France 	short film directed by Robert Enrico 	
1957	Saint Joan 	USA 	directed by Otto Preminger, starring Jean Seberg, based on the George Bernard Shaw play 	
1957	The Story of Mankind 	USA 	directed by Irwin Allen, featuring Hedy Lamarr in one sequence as Joan of Arc. The film is based on a book by Hendrik Willem van Loon. 	
1957	The Lark 	USA 	live TV production in English of L'Alouette, starring Julie Harris, who also played the role on Broadway 	
1958	Saint Joan 	UK 	TV adaptation of Shaw's play, starring Siobhan McKenna 	
1960	Jeanne D'Arc auf dem Scheiterhaufen 	Germany 	movie for television starring Margot Trooger, another version of the Honegger oratorio 	
1961	Jeanne au Vitrail 	France 	short film directed by Claude Antoine 	
1962	Procès de Jeanne d'Arc 	France 	directed by Robert Bresson, starring Florence Delay 	
1962	Histoire de Jeanne 	France 	short film directed by Francis Lacassin 	
1966	Fall Jeanne d'Arc, Der 	Germany 	TV movie directed by Paul Verhoeven, starring Kathrin Schmid 	
1967	Saint Joan 	USA 	NBC television adaptation of Shaw's play, starring Geneviève Bujold 	
1968	St. Joan 	UK 	another television adaptation of Shaw's play, starring Janet Suzman 	
1970	Nachalo - The Début 	USSR 	directed by Gleb Panfilov, starring Inna Сhurikova, satiric comedy 	
1983	Joan of Arc 	UK 	directed by Gina Newson with commentary by Marina Warner 	
1989	Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure 	USA 	Jane Wiedlin portrayed Joan of Arc. Memorable lines include "Who was Joan of Arc?" "Noah's wife?" and "Welcome aboard, Miss of Arc!" 	
1989	Giovanna d'Arco 	Italy 	Verdi's opera directed by Werner Herzog starring Susan Dunn, based on Schiller's play 	
1989	Johanna D'Arc of Mongolia 	West Germany, France	Sprawling epic directed by Ulrike Ottinger 	
1990	Jeanne d'Ark - visjon gjennom eld 	Norway 	television movie written by Juni Dahr and John Morrow 	
1993	Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher 	Japan 	TV movie of the Honegger-Claudel oratorio (in French), starring Marthe Keller 	
1994	Jeanne la Pucelle 	France 	directed by Jacques Rivette, starring Sandrine Bonnaire 	
1999	The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc	USA 	directed by Luc Besson, starring Milla Jovovich 	
1999	Joan of Arc 	USA 	television mini-series starring Leelee Sobieski 	
2004	Jeanne d'Arc 	France 	television production in ballet directed by Laurent Preyale 	
2005	Reefer Madness 	USA 	TV movie featuring Christine Lakin as the Emcee of Jesus Christ's Heavenly lounge act, who urges Jimmy to stop using drugs. Memorable line: "No Christian martyr works it harder!" 	
==In popular culture==
===Music===
Date 	Title 	Artist/Group 	Notes
1970 	Songs of Love and Hate (album) 	Leonard Cohen 	Contains a song titled "Joan of Arc," and lyrics in the song "Last Year's Man" that refers to her: "I met a lady, she was playing with her soldiers in the dark, oh one by one she had to tell them that her name was Joan of Arc."
1981 	Architecture & Morality (album) 	Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark 	Contains two songs about Joan of Arc titled "Joan of Arc" and "Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)", both were released as singles.
1986 	"Bigmouth Strikes Again" (song) 	The Smiths 	Includes the lyrics, "And now I know how Joan of Arc felt, as the flames rose to her Roman nose and her Walkman started to melt," and "And now I know how Joan of Arc felt, as the flames rose to her Roman nose and her hearing aid started to melt."
1993 	Houdini (album) 	The Melvins 	Contains a song titled "Joan of Arc".
1994 	Voices of Light (album) 	Richard Einhorn 	An oratorio inspired by the silent film The Passion of Joan of Arc. The libretto is based on excerpts from a variety of ancient writings, most of it from Medieval female mystics.
formed 1995 	Joan of Arc 	The name of an indie rock band from Chicago 	
1996 	Joan of Arc (album) 	Radha Sahar 	An album that describes the life and times of Joan of Arc in a contemporary, classical and choral work.
first release 1998	Janne Da Arc 	Japanese rock band named after the character in the manga Devilman by Go Nagai	
1999 	"She’s So High" (song) 	Tal Bachman 	Includes the lyrics, "She's so high/ like Cleopatra, Joan of Arc, or Aphrodite", which speaks of the focus woman as being as smart as Cleopatra, as brave as Joan of Arc, and as beautiful as Aphrodite.
2002 	"Did Anybody Sleep With Joan Of Arc?" (song) 	Elton John (music), Bernie Taupin (lyrics) 	A summary of Joan of Arc's life.
 	"Free & Easy" (song) 	Ayumi Hamasaki 	Japanese singer and songwriter, based the lyrics and music video for her single from her interpretation on Joan of Arc's feelings. She also produced a photobook entitled "Hamasaki Republic - Free & Easy" where she was dressed as a warrior, a nun, and a knight.
2003 	"Cadence" (song) 	Anberlin 	Includes the lyrics "Burning Like Joan Of Arc To See You", appearing on the band's debut album Blueprints for the Black Market.
2004 	A Lifetime of Temporary Relief (album) 	Low 	Minnesota-based indie rock band released two versions of their song "Joan of Arc."
2005 	Plague Angel (album) 	Marduk 	Black metal band from Sweden, have a song entitled "Everything Bleeds", which is about Joan of Arc.
2005 	Aerial (album) 	Kate Bush 	Sings about Joan of Arc in "Joanni."
2005 	Jeanne d'Arc (album) 	Thy Majestie 	Concept album about Joan of Arc by a power metal band from Italy.
2006 	Jeanne d'Arc (album) 	Tangerine Dream 	Musical tribute to Joan of Arc performed on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the French Cathedral in Berlin.
2006 	"The Martyr's Lounge" (song) 	Ellis Paul 	Includes the lyrics, "JFK, Joan of Arc / sit in the corner, kissing in the dark".
2008 	The Historical Conquests of Josh Ritter (album)	Josh Ritter 	The song "To the Dogs or Whoever" (the album's opening track) mentions Joan of Arc and other historical women
2008 	"Lenders In The Temple" (song) 	Conor Oberst 	Includes the lyrics "So watch your back, the Ides of March, Cut your hair like Joan of Arc"
===Television===
Date 	Series 	Notes 	Ref
1972 - 1978	Maude 	CBS sitcom. The theme song includes the line 'Joan of Arc with the Lord to guide her/she was a sister who really cooked.' 	
1995 - 1998	Wishbone 	The central premise of the series is a dog who daydreams about stories from classical literature. Episode 11, Bone of Arc, is based on Mark Twain's Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc; usually portraying the lead character, Wishbone instead portrays Louis de Conte.	
2000 - 2002	Witchblade 	TNT series based on the Witchblade comic book series. 	
2003 - 2005	Joan of Arcadia	CBS series theme inspired by Joan of Arc, features a girl about Joan's age who speaks with God and uses His influence to do good deeds in her community. Washington Times article: . 	
2004 	Wonderfalls 	Fox Television series theme inspired by Joan of Arc. 	
2006 - 2007	Heroes 	NBC drama. The metafictional comic book, "9th Wonders" features a character called St. Joan. It is strongly implied that muscle mimic, Monica Dawson is meant to fill this role in the series. 	
===Video games and computer games===
Date	Game 	Notes
1988	Joan of Arc - Siege and the Sword / Jeanne d'Arc	Historically based strategy and action game for Amiga, ST and PC.
1992	World Heroes series 	NeoGeo fighting game. The character Janne D'Arc, a beautiful French swordwoman with pyrokinetic powers, is very much inspired by Joan of Arc.
1995	Soul Edge 	Fighting game released by Namco about a sword full of evil spirits. The character Sophitia Alexandra shares a similar story to Joan of Arc.
1999	Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings 	The central character in one of the major campaigns in which she is depicted as a peasant with very low attack, defense but with the ability to charm men into joining her forces and a semi-knight on horseback with shining armour.
2000	Perfect Dark 	Nintendo 64 game. The central character is named Joanna Dark, a play on Jeanne d'Arc.
2001	Civilization III 	The Leader of France's civilization is Joan of Arc.
2002	La Pucelle: Tactics 	PlayStation game. The title is an allusion to Joan of Arc. Most of the character and place names within the game are French, but the game scenario is unrelated fantasy.
2004	Wars and Warriors: Joan of Arc 	PC game, title character.
2006	Age of Empires: The Age of Kings 	Nintendo DS game major playable character.
2006	Jeanne d'Arc 	PSP game, Title character in a fantasy universe loosely based on the historical story.
2007	Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War 	PS3 game, Xbox 360 game, major character and leader of the French troops.
2008	Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War: Soulstorm 	PC game, the Sisters of Battle race is based on Joan of Arc
2008	Atlantica Online 	PC MMORPG, Hero Mercenary, evolved form of "Lady Knight" Mercenary
===Comics and animation===
Date 	Title 	Format 	Notes 	Ref
1995 - 1996 	Jeanne 	Comic 	Three volume work set in the Hundred Years' War whose central character's life parallels that of Joan of Arc. By Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, based on story by Chōjun Ōtani (Japanese) 	
1995 - 1996 	D'arc: Histoire de Jeanne D'arc	Comic 	Two volume fantasy retelling the story of Joan of Arc. Art by Katsuya Kondō and story by Ken'ichi Sakemi. 	
1995 - present	Witchblade 	Comic, TV series 	Joan of Arc is a blade wielder. 	
1998 - 2000 	Kamikaze Kaito Jeanne 	Comic and Animation	The reincarnation of Joan of Arc, the gymnastic champion Maron Kusakabe, is the main character. She uses her God-given powers and arsenal of push-pins to trap demons who hide in works of art. Arina Tanemura, writer (comic edition). 	
1998 - 2000 	Histeria! 	Animation 	Warner Bros. animated series that parodies a variety of figures from history. Joan of Arc is a regular character, voiced by Laraine Newman. She constantly extinguishes fires that spring up around her. She talks with a Valley Girl accent and introduces herself as "like, I'm Joan, Joan of Arc". 	
1998 - 2004 	Shaman King 	Animation 	The leader of the group X-Laws, Iron Maiden Jeanne, is a French girl who receives a divine revelation while praying in church that she must purge an evil force or the world will be destroyed. 	
March 17, 2002	The Simpsons 	Animation 	In episode "Tales from the Public Domain," Lisa Simpson plays Joan of Arc and Milhouse plays the Dauphin, after Homer reads about her in a children's book. However, when Homer gets to the part where she was burned at the stake, Lisa says, "Was she killed?" and Marge runs in and says, "Just then, Sir Lancelot rode up on his white horse and saved Joan of Arc! They got married and lived in a spaceship!" She then tore the page out, ate it, and says, "Easier to chew than that Bambi video!" Episode synopsis: .	
2002 - 2003 	Clone High 	Animation 	Joan of Arc's clone appeared in the traditionally animated show. 	
2003 	Digimon 	Animation 	The seventh movie of the Digimon series features a Digimon named d'Arcmon who is a female angel and soldier leading the "human-type" Digimon on Wondering Island. She uses a special sword attack called "La Pucelle." She later is revealed only to be a disguised form of Murmuxmon. 	
2003 	Yu-Gi-Oh! 	Animation, TCG 	In the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card game there is a monster card named St. Joan (Saint Jeanne in Japan). It is summoned by fusing The Forgiving Maiden (Compassionate Nun) and Marie the Fallen One (Fallen Angel Marie).
In the anime Yu-Gi-Oh Serenity Wheeler (Shizuka Kawai) used it when she, Tristan Taylor (Hiroto Honda), and Duke Devlin (Ryuji Otogi) were forced to face Nesbitt (Soichiro Ota). With power ups from other cards it was able to destroy Nesbitt's last monster, the Perfect Machine King, and win the duel in episode 107 "Mechanical Mayhem Part 2" ("Saint Jeanne's Trinity Attack").	
2003 	Ashita no Nadja 	Animation 	Nadja, Kennosuke, and Georg are treasure hunting for Joan of Arc's treasure. It turns out to be a seed that she planted that bloomed and spread into a field of flowers. She is briefly shown planting it in a flashback. 	
2003-2009 	Hetalia: Axis Powers 	Comic and Animation	Joan of Arc is shown briefly in episode 10, during a brief flashback to the Hundred Years' War. She also is shown in the webcomic and in volume 1. However, she is referred to as "that kid" (あのこ) in-story. 	
2005 	Top 10: The Forty-Niners 	Comic 	One of the officers, named Joanna Dark, dresses in chainmail and uses holy powers. 	
Portions of this page were translated from the French Wikipedia.
==Notes==
# Pernoud and Clin, p. 243.
# Ibid., p. 239.
# Ibid., pp. 240, 246.
==References==
*Nadia Margolis, Joan of Arc in History, Literature, and Film (New York: Garland, 1990).
*Régine Pernoud and Marie-Veronique Clin, Joan of Arc: Her Story, trans. Jeremy Duquesnay Adams (New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1999).
==External links==
* Fifteenth century manuscript images of Joan of Arc.
* International Joan of Arc Society film list
* Médailles Jeanne d’Arc.French site containing pictures and descriptions of Medallions devoted to Joan of Arc.
Category:Works relating to Joan of Arc