Hervenish Language

The official language of the Hervenum Empire, modeled mainly on Latin and Greek. Currently used rarely, for the so-called common language. However, it can be found in all sorts of old texts. Spelling and pronunciation
A - [ɑ]B - [b]C - [k], but before "e" and "i" like [ts]. Before "i", "e", "v", “w”, "y", “z” and sometimes before “s” sound [k] is expressed by "q".CH - [tʃ]D - [d]E - [e]F - [f]G - [g]GH - [dʒ]H - [h]I - [i] (causes softening only after "n", it is never asyllabic)J - [ʒ]K - [x] (meaning soundless [h])L - [l]M - [m]N - [n]NY - [ɲ] (a sound bonded with "ñ" in Spanish)O - [ɔː]P - [p]Q - [k] (used only before "e", 'i "," v ", “w”, " y ", “z”, sometimes before “s”)R - [r]S - [s]SH - [ʃ]T - [t]TZ - [ts]U - [u] (never asyllabic)V - [v]W - [w]X - [ks] (note: if the letters "c" and "s" or "q" and "s" follow each other as a result of combining two different morphemes to which they belong, then the resulting sound [ks] is not written with the letter "x", only with the double character" qs")Y - [j]Z - [z]If the change would cause that a given letter or two-character would start to have a different voice, then it should be replaced with a different one.
In case the combined words would be too difficult to pronounce, put the letter "-e-" between them (e.g. "opsum" - "eye", "vitrum" - "glass", "opsevitrums" - "glasses" ).If a combination or variation of words would produce an undesirable double character that would change the pronunciation (sometimes even meaning), a hyphen must be used.GrammarSyntaxThe sequence of words in the sentence is basically arbitrary - but the article must always be before the noun (or before the adjective or adverb, or it may not be there at all), and the default word order is: "SVO" - "Subject-Verb -Object". There is also a difference between the order "adjective-noun" and "noun-adjective" - ​​the first is the default, but the second is usually used when the relationship between the adjective and noun is closer than in the first case, very often metaphorical. The order "noun-adjective" is usually used in scientific terms or to aspire to a higher style of expression. Article (Articolum)They do not change by case or number.  
Definite (Orezishtals)
Los - maleLa - femaleLon - commonLum - neuter(also before adverbs) 
Indefinite (Nonorezishtals)
Unos - maleUna - femaleUna - femaleUnum - neuter (also before adverbs)Noun (Substantivum)
Numbers (Numerums)
We form the plural with the ending "-s", and if the pronunciation "s" would be too difficult, the ending is "-es" (with some exceptions, like the first person plural of the present tense). 
Genders
There are four grammatical genders: male with the ending "-os", female - "-a", neuter - "-um", and common - "-on".The masculine gender is given to nouns that mean male beings (e.g. "viros" - "male"), female - known female (e.g. "fema" - "female"), neuter - asexual objects and beings, especially inanimated objects (e.g. "montum" - "mountain") and common (on Earth occurring e.g. in Swedish, Danish or Dutch) - to unknown sex beings (e.g. "antropon" - "human"), as well as androgynes, like most of plants.Cases (Casums) There are six cases - nominative (nominativum), genitive (genivum), dative (dativum), accusative (acuzativum), ablative ("ablativum", used to express being the instrumentplace or subject, as well as answer the questions: "From whom? From what?", so is sometimes called "derivative") and vocative (vocativum).Nom. Viros ViresGen. Viris VirisesDat. Viromt ViromtesAcc. Virom ViromsAbl. Viroyd ViroydesVoc. Viri! Viries!Nom. Fema FemasGen. Femaz FemazesDat. Femar FemarsAcc. Femam FemamsAbl. Femad FemadesVoc. Femomd! Femomdes!Nom. Antropon AntroponsGen. Antropez AntropezesDat. Antropel AntropelsAcc. Antropim AntropimsAbl. Antropem AntropemsVoc. Antropemt! Antropemtes!Nom. Montum MontumsGen. Montuems MontuemsesDat. Montuol MontuolsAcc. Montun MontunsAbl. Montut MontutesVoc. Montux! Montuxes!Verb (Verbum)
Infinite (Infinitivum):
Estir - to be
Present tense (Kronum nuncal):
Singular:
Mu esto - I amTu estesht - you are Lu/Qyu/Wu/Yu/Hu estet - he / she / it (common type) / it (neuter type) is / (one) isEzu/Esu estot - you are, sir/madame 
Plural:
Nu estoes - we areVu esteshtes - you are Eyu/Ilu/Elu/Iyu estetes - they / they (feminine) / they (common) / they (neuter) areGu/Ghu/Igu estotes - gentlemen / ladies / ladies and gentlemen are
Past tense (Kronum pretrenghal):
Singular
Mu estosh Tu estesch Lu/Qyu/Wu/Yu/Hu estech Ezu/Esu estomch 
Plural:
Nu estoshes Vu esteshtes Eyu/Ilu/Elu/Iyu estechesGu/Ghu/Igu estomches
Future tense (Kronum futural):
Singular:
Mu estoyz Tu estestz Lu/Qyu/Wu/Yu/Hu estetz Ezu/Esu estomtz Plural:Nu estoyzesVu estescesEyu/Ilu/Elu/Iyu esteces Gu/Ghu/Igu estomces
Imperative (Emclum dyatagendal, literally: “commanding mode”):
Singular:
Mu estorTu esterstLu/Qyu/Wu/Yu/Hu estertEzu/Esu estormt
Plural:
Nu estorsVu esterstesEyu/Ilu/Elu/Iyu estertesGu/Ghu/Igu estormtes
Conditional (Emclum finxendal, literally: “supposing mode”):
Singular
Mu estolTu estelstLu/Qyu/Wu/Yu/Hu estelt Ezu/Esu estolmt
Plural
Nu estolsVu estelstesEyu/Ilu/Elu/Iyu esteltesGu/Ghu/Igu estolmtes
Participles (Participums):
*"-end-" - present participle, present tense 
*"-engh-" - present participle, past tense 
*"-enz-" - present participle, future tense 
*"-it-" - past participle, present tense 
*"-isht-" - past participle, past tense 
*"-ich-" - past participle, future tense 
Compound tenses:
*Present perfect (but it’s generally used to express the past)- auxiliary verb “to be” in the present tense + main verb in the past active adjectival participle (eg “Agir” - “to do”, “Mu esto agenghal” - “I did/I have done”);
*Past Perfect (Plusqvamperfectal) - the auxiliary verb “to be” in the past tense + the main verb in the past active adjectival participle (eg “Agir” - “to do”, “Mu estosh agenghal” - “I had done”;
*Future Perfect - auxiliary verb “to have” in the future tense + main verb in the past active adjectival participle (eg “Agir” - “to do”, “Mu estoyz agenghal” - “I will have done”)Adjective (Adyectivum)
It can be recognized by the ending "-al" in the singular nominative.
Variation by cases:
Benal - goodNom. Benal BenalsGen. Benalz BenalzesDat. Benalt BenaltesAcc. Benaln BenalnesAbl. Benald BenaldesVoc. Benali! Benalies! Gradation (Gradatzum):
Benal - goodPlus benal - betterLum plim benal - the best
Adverb (Adverbum)
The ending of adverbs is "-e". 
Gradation:
Bene - wellPlus bene - betterLum plim bene - best
Numerals (Numernomums)
0 - Nul1 - Uno2 - Duo3 - Trio4 - Tetre5 - Penti6 - Hix7 - Sept8 - Okt9 - Nen10 - Detz100 - Hect1000 - Qil
The names of the other numerals are created agglutinatively, e.g. "detz uno" - "11"; "detz duo" - "12", "duodetz" - "20" etc.The powers of amillion (e.g., "millionum" - "million", "miliardum" - "billion") are formally nouns.
Pronouns (Pronomums) 
Personal
SingularMu - ITu - you (only singular)Lu - heQyu - sheWu - it/they (common, singular)Yu - ono (neuter)Ezu - sir (male formal version of singular “you”)Esu - madame (female formal version of singular “you”)Plural
Nu - weVu - youEyu - they (male)Ilu - they (female)Elu - they (common)Iyu - they (neuter)Gu - gentlemen (male formal version of plural “you”)Ghu - ladies  (female formal version of plural “you”)Igu - ladies and gentlemen (common formal version of plural “you”) 
Others
*Hu - one (indefinite pronoun used in impersonal constructions, such as "one can", “one must ","one should"; verbs with this pronoun change the same as in the third person singular)Su - oneself (reflexive pronoun)
*All personal pronouns have the same declination as adjectives.
Correlatives
 	Indefinite ("ayl-") 	Indication 
("ti-" for the further objects
and "hocti-" for the nearer objects)	Interrogative 
and relative ("qv-")	Generalizing ("oyqv-") 	Universal
("omni-") 	Negative
("nun-")
Person ("-uson")	Ayluson - somebody 	Tiuson - that (person) 
(Hoctiuson - this [person])	Qvuson - who 	Oyqvuson - anyone 	Omniuson - everybody, everyone	Nunuson - nobody
Thing ("-um") 	Aylum - something 	Tium - that (object) 
(Hoctium - this [object])	Qvum - what 	Oyqvum - whatever 	Omnium - all, everything 	Nunum - nothing
Trait ("-al") 	Aylal - some 	Tial - such 	Qval - which 	Oyqval - any 	Omnial - every 	Nunal - neither
Place ("-e") 	Ayle - somewhere 	Tie - there (Hoctie - here)	Qve - where 	Oyqve - anywhere 	Omnie - everywhere 	Nune - nowhere
Time ("-amt") 	Aylamt - somewhen 	Tiamt - then 	Qvamt - when 	Oyqvamt - anywhen 	Omniamt - always 	Nunamt - never
Amount ("-ot") 	Aylot - some of 	Tiot - so much 	Qvot - how much	Oyqvot - any of 	Omniot - any quantity 	Nunot - no amount
Manner ("-od") 	Aylod - somehow 	Tiod - in this way 	Qvod - how 	Oyqvod - in anyway 	Omniod - in every way 	Nunod - no way
Reason ("-aws") 	Aylaws - for some reason	Tiaws - for that reason 	Qvaws - why 	Oyqvaws - for any reason	Omniaws - for all reasons 	Nunaws - for no reason
Glossary (Lexatulum):
Letter	Hervenish 	English
=A= 	Ab 	By (performer of the activity)
a 	Acral 	High, tall
a 	Aerum 	Air
a 	Afenir 	Abandon (v)
a 	Aftonum 	Abundance
a 	Agir 	Do
a 	Agrum 	Field
a 	Albal 	White (adj)
a 	Amblal 	Blunt
a 	Amigon 	Friend
a 	Amir 	Love (v)
a 	Animum 	Soul
a 	Ante 	In front of (place)
a 	Ap 	Next to
a 	Aperir 	Appear (v)
a 	Apertir 	Open
a 	Apsir 	Challenge (v)
a 	Aptal 	Proper
a 	Aqvum 	Water (n)
a 	Arcum 	Arch, bow
a 	Argum 	Spark (n)
a 	Arghentum 	Silver (n)
a 	Arvum 	Lard
a 	Aspral 	Serious
a 	Astrum 	Star (n)
a 	Atroxal 	Cruel
a 	Atzral 	Sour, acidic
a 	Avir 	Fly (n)
a 	Awdir 	Hear (v)
a 	Awrorum 	Dawn
a 	Awstrum 	South (n)
a 	Awto 	By oneself
a 	Ayd 	To
a 	Azural 	Blue
=B= 	Basal 	Low
b 	Batir 	Beat (v)
b 	Belum 	Battle (n)
b 	Benal 	Good (adj)
b 	Bibir 	Drink (v) (alcohol)
b 	Blepir 	Look (at) (v)
b 	Boreum 	North (n)
b 	Bovon 	Cow, bull (regardless of gender)
b 	Bregmal 	Wet
b 	Breval 	Short
b 	Brisqir 	Find
b 	Brontum 	Thunder
b 	Brunal 	Brown
b 	Bulir 	Boil (v)
=C= 	Ca 	According to
c 	Cadir 	Fall (v)
c 	Campal 	Flat (adj)
c 	Cantir 	Sing (v)
c 	Capir 	Take
c 	Captir 	Catch
c 	Caral 	Dear
c 	Cardium 	Heart
c 	Carqir 	Load (v)
c 	Carnum 	Meat, flesh
c 	Cartum 	Card
c 	Cavum 	Hole
c 	Cawstir 	Digest (v)
c 	Cawzum 	Reason
c 	Caylal 	Beautiful
c 	Certal 	Sure (adj)
c 	Chelum 	Room
c 	Chidir 	Quote (v)
c 	Cinon 	Dog
c 	Cinrum 	Ember
c 	Circlum 	Circle
c 	Cirqe 	Around
c 	Cistum 	Chest
c 	Clabum 	Club, cudgel
c 	Claral 	Clear
c 	Clavum 	Key, pushbutton
c 	Clawstrir 	Lock (v)
c 	Clementzum	Grace (n)
c 	Cleptir 	Steal (v)
c 	Clodir 	Close (v)
c 	Coctir 	Cook (v)
c 	Cognir 	Know (be acquainted or familiar
with)
c 	Comitir 	Begin, start(v)
c 	Conum 	Cone (geometric)
c 	Coqvir 	Roast (n)
c 	Cornum 	Horn (n)
c 	Cortexum 	Cortex, bark (v)
c 	Cracir 	Rule (v)
c 	Crawgir 	Shout (v)
c 	Crepum 	Shoe
c 	Crepuscum 	Twilight
c 	Crescir 	Grow (v)
c 	Crinum 	Hair
c 	Cripsir 	Hide (v)
c 	Crudal 	Raw
c 	Crustum 	Shell
c 	Culpum 	Fault (n)
c 	Cum 	With
c 	Cuy 	To (conjunction between the main sentence 
and the subordinate clause of the purpose)
=D= 	Dapir 	Pay (v)
d 	Darir 	Give (v)
d 	De 	From (onset of movement)
d 	Debir 	Should
d 	Dermum 	Skin
d 	Dextral 	Right (adj)
d 	Dezidir 	Desire (v)
d 	Dignal 	Worthy
d 	Dilgir 	Like (v)
d 	Dintal 	Loud
d 	Ditztir 	Say/Speak/Tell/Talk
d 	Domum 	House
d 	Dominos 	Lord
d 	Dornum 	Day
d 	Dracon 	Dragon
d 	Dubir 	Doubt (v)
d 	Dum 	For (time)
d 	Duqir 	Lead (v)
d 	Dyatagir 	Order (v)
=E= 	Ecce 	Here it is
e 	Eg 	Of (material, belonging to a group,
coming out of something)
e 	Eleum 	Mercy, pity
e 	Elgir 	Choose (v)
e 	Emrir 	Buy (v)
e 	Emocium 	Emotion
e 	Ep 	Because
e 	Eqvial 	Equal
e 	Eqvuon 	Horse
e 	Ergo 	So
e 	Eternal 	Eternal
e 	Etim 	Even
e 	Ewrial 	Wide, broad
e 	Expectir 	Wait (v)
e 	Exter 	Outside, beyond
e 	Eys 	Until
=F= 	Fabir 	Forge (v)
f 	Facir 	Make
f 	Fasilal 	Easy
f 	Fatal 	Fatal
f 	Fengir 	Shine (v)
f 	Fewgir 	Leave (v)
f 	Fierir 	Become
f 	Filos 	Son
f 	Fiton 	Plant (n)
f 	Fixir 	Fasten (v)
f 	Flagrir 	Burn (v)
f 	Flamum 	Flame
f 	Flarir 	Blow (v)
f 	Flaval 	Blond
f 	Fluir 	Flow (v)
f 	Flumum 	Stream (n)
f 	Fluvum 	River
f 	Fluydum 	Liquid (n)
f 	Fobum 	Fear (n)
f 	Folium 	Foil
f 	Fonum 	Voice
f 	Forir 	Carry (v)
f 	Fortum 	Force (n), strength
f 	Fosir 	Dig (v)
f 	Fotum 	Light (n)
f 	Fragon 	Strawberry
f 	Frangir 	Break (v)
f 	Fratos 	Brotherf
f 	Fraxon 	Ash (tree)
f 	Freqval 	Often (adj)
f 	Frigal 	Cold
f 	Friqir 	Rub (v)
f 	Frixir 	Fry (v)
f 	Fronsum 	Leaf
f 	Ftanir 	Come (v)
f 	Fulgal 	Bright
f 	Fulghum 	Soot
f 	Fulmum 	Thunderbolt
f 	Furval 	Grim
f 	Fustum 	Stick (n)
=G= 	Galos 	Rooster
g 	Gastrum 	Tummy, belly, stomach
g 	Gawdir 	Enjoy (v) oneself
g 	Ghenum 	Trait, feature
g 	Gladum 	Sword
g 	Glasum 	Icing
g 	Glical 	Sweet (adj)
g 	Globum 	Globe
g 	Gonum 	Angle, corner
g 	Grabal 	Heavy
g 	Gracir 	Thank (v)
g 	Grafir 	Draw (v) (to sketch; depict with lines)
g 	Granum 	Grain
g 	Graval 	Important
g 	Grezum 	Step (n)
g 	Grosal 	Fat, thick
=H= 	Habir 	Have
h 	Halsum 	Salt (n)
h 	Heroon 	Hero
h 	Heteral 	Other
h 	Higral 	Moist, damp, humid
h 	Hiemsum 	Winter
h 	Hin 	Away
h 	Hiper 	Too (much)
h 	Hortum 	Garden
=I= 	Imperium 	Empire
i 	In 	In
i 	Infanton 	Child
i 	Inter 	Between, among
i 	Ipson 	Bark beetle
i 	Itnerum 	Voyage, journey
=J= 	Jacir 	Lie (lie/lay/lain, no lie/lied/lied)
j 	Jectir 	Throw (v)
j 	Judir 	Judge (v)
=K= 	Kelonyon 	Turtle, tortoise
k 	Kirum 	Arm, upper limb
k 	Kordum 	String
k 	Kondrum 	Cartilege (n)
k 	Kronum 	Time
=L= 	Laborir 	Work (v)
l 	Lacum 	Lake
l 	Lactum 	Milk
l 	Lagon 	Rabbit
l 	Lectir 	Read
l 	Legum 	Right (n) (a rule)
l 	Leghendum 	Legend
l 	Lepon 	Hare
l 	Leprum 	Leprosy
l 	Lertal 	Sly, cunning, sly
l 	Letir 	Butcher (v)
l 	Leval 	Left
l 	Lexal 	Word
l 	Leyal 	Smooth
l 	Liberal 	Free
l 	Lipum 	Grease (n)
l 	Litum 	Stone
l 	Locum 	Place
l 	Logum 	Science
l 	Longal 	Long
l 	Lunum 	Moon
=M= 	Magnal 	Big
m 	Malal 	Bad, evil
m 	Manum 	Hand
m 	Marteson 	Marten
m 	Me 	By (difference)
m 	Medicir 	Cure (v)
m 	Medrir 	Measure (v)
m 	Memorir 	Remember
m 	Menir 	Stay, remain
m 	Mensum 	Table
m 	Meteum 	Weather
m 	Meytum 	Change (n)
m 	Miazmum 	Miasma
m 	Militum 	War (n)
m 	Minal 	Small
m 	Minsum 	Month
m 	Minton 	Mint
m 	Mirir 	Wonder (v)
m 	Mobir 	Move (v)
m 	Moluir 	Mill (v)
m 	Mon 	Only
m 	Monal 	Only (adj)
m 	Morbum 	Disease
m 	Mortum 	Death
m 	Mox 	Soon
m 	Multe 	A lot of, much, many
m 	Munstrir 	Show (v)
m 	Mustelon 	Weasel
m 	Multe 	Much, many, a lot of
=N= 	Nadir 	Swim
n 	Nasqir 	Give birth (to someone/something)
n 	Nawtilon 	Nautilus
n 	Navum 	Ship
n 	Neal 	New
n 	Nebum 	Fog, mist
n 	Neral 	Black
n 	Nighum 	Snow
n 	Nis 	Besides, except
n 	Nolum 	Bell (n)
n 	Non 	No
n 	Noxum 	Night
n 	Nubum 	Cloud
n 	Num 	interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
n 	Nunc 	Now
n 	Nuptos 	Husband
=O= 	Oblivir 	Forget
o 	Obtir 	Acquire, gain
o 	Oleum 	Oil
o 	Ondum 	Wave (n)
o 	Oneyrir 	Dream (only during sleep) (v)
o 	Opsum 	Eye
o 	Ornyon 	Bird
o 	Ortal 	Straight
o 	Ostum 	Bone
o 	Otum 	Ear
o 	Ovum 	Egg
o 	Owt 	Or (exclusive disjunction, XOR gate)
o 	Owrum 	Gold (n)
o 	Oxal 	Sharp
o 	Oyb 	Because of, due to
o 	Oycon 	Keen (n)
=P= 	Padros 	Father
p 	Palisum 	Pale (n), stake
p 	Para 	Despite, though
p 	Parval 	Small
p 	Paseron 	Sparrow
p 	Pashtir 	Pasture (v)
p 	Paxum 	Peace
p 	Paylal 	Pale (adj)
p 	Pecunyum 	Money
p 	Pensir 	Think (v)
p 	Pelir 	Chase, pursue
p 	Per 	By (an instrument)
p 	Petrum 	Rock (n)
p 	Pergir 	Stalk
p 	Pernir 	Wade (v)
p 	Pertir 	Concern (v)
p 	Pesum 	Foot
p 	Petrum 	Rock
p 	Peyrum 	Pear
p 	Pezum 	Paw
p 	Pictir 	Paint (v)
p 	Pirum 	Fire
p 	Plectir 	Weave (v)
p 	Plenal 	Full (adj)
p 	Pleral 	Satiated
p 	Plowzal 	Rich (adj)
p 	Podum 	Leg
p 	Polarum 	Pole
p 	Poleir 	Polish (v)
p 	Portum 	Door
p 	Pomum 	Apple
p 	Posir 	Can (v)
p 	Poshtum 	Post (n)
p 	Post 	After
p 	Potir 	Drink (v)
p 	Pow 	Well (as in “Well, I think...”)
p 	Prant 	Instead of
p 	Pre 	Before (time)
p 	Precal 	Early (adj)
p 	Precial 	Expensive
p 	Pregir 	Please (v)
p 	Pretrir 	Pass (by) (v)
p 	Prepir 	Must, have to
p 	Prey 	About
p 	Primal 	Ancient, old-time (adj)
p 	Prinberum 	Spring (season)
p 	Priter 	Pass (preposition), beyond (preposition)
p 	Pro 	For
p 	Procelum 	Storm
p 	Procion 	Raccoon
p 	Prodir 	Betray (v)
p 	Progresum 	Progress (n)
p 	Propral 	Own
p 	Prosfal 	Last
p 	Protoal 	Primeval
p 	Protazum 	Sentence
p 	Proteghir 	Protect (v)
p 	Provoqir 	Provocate (v)
p 	Prowt 	As
p 	Proxal 	Near
p 	Prunum 	Plum
p 	Pruynum 	Hoarfrost
p 	Psenir 	Bake (v)
p 	Psewdo 	Kind of
p 	Pudrum 	Powder
p 	Pugnum 	Fist
p 	Pulir 	Sell
p 	Pulvum 	Powder
p 	Pungir 	Jab (v)
p 	Punir 	Punish (v)
p 	Pwela 	Miss (n)
p 	Pweros 	Boy
=Q= 	Qedum 	Chain
q 	Qefum 	Head
q 	Qvam 	Than
q 	Qvercon 	Oak
q 	Qveyrir 	Seek, search, look for
=R= 	Radixum 	Root
r 	Radum 	Ray
r 	Rectal 	Righteous, legitimate
r 	Regos 	King
r 	Rembir 	Dream (v)
r 	Retro 	Backwards
r 	Retum 	Net
r 	Rivum 	Torrent
r 	Robum 	Rust
r 	Rodir 	Bite (v)
r 	Rotir 	Turn (v)
r 	Rowkum 	Cloth
r 	Rubal 	Red
r 	Rubson 	Raspberry
r 	Rufal 	Red (mainly about hair, like "ginger", "rufous")
=S= 	Sabir 	Understand (v)
s 	Sanal 	Healthy
s 	Sangvum 	Blood
s 	Spaum 	Soap (n)
s 	Sapral 	Rotten
s 	Scelum 	Crime
s 	Scutum 	Shield
s 	Sed 	But
s 	Sentir 	Feel (v)
s 	Seqir 	Cut (v)
s 	Seqval 	Next (adj)
s 	Sew 	or (exactly "and/or", logical disjunction, OR gate)
s 	Shpirir 	Breath (v)
s 	Sic 	Yes
s 	Signum 	Sign (n)
s 	Sin 	Without
s 	Sitir 	Put (v)
s 	Skedum 	Sheet of paper
s 	Sofal 	Wise
s 	Solum 	Sun
s 	Somnir 	Sleep (v)
s 	Sonum 	Sound
s 	Sorsum 	Destiny
s 	Sozir 	Save (v)
s 	Sperum 	Hope (v)
s 	Spinum 	Thorn
s 	Spitum 	Home
s 	Speleum 	Cave
s 	Sqvamum 	Scale, husk
s 	Sta 	At
s 	Stanum 	Tin
s 	Starir 	Stand (v)
s 	Stenal 	Narrow
s 	Sterpum 	Lightning
s 	Sti 	On (method, purpose, like "cut on half")
s 	Stipum 	Branch
s 	Stridir 	Hiss (v)
s 	Sub 	Under
s 	Sulal 	Lonely
s 	Sulfum 	Sulfur
s 	Super 	Over
s 	Surgir 	Raise (v)
s 	Sursal 	Upper
=T= 	Takal 	Fast (adj)
t 	Tardal 	Slow
t 	Tefrum 	Cinder, ash
t 	Tingum 	Paint (n)
t 	Telal 	Far (adj)
t 	Telrum 	Earth
t 	Tenebral 	Dark (adj)
t 	Terebrir 	Drill (v)
t 	Termal 	Warm (n)
t 	Terum 	Land (n)
t 	Timum 	Wrath
t 	Tolmal 	Brave (adj), courageous
t 	Tomeum 	Territory, domain (a part of activity)
t 	Tondir 	Cut hair
t 	Torir 	Parch (v)
t 	Tornir 	Turn (v)
t 	Total 	Whole (adj)
t 	Trabir 	Shoot (v)
t 	Trahir 	Pull
t 	Trans 	Across
t 	Trekir 	Run (v)
t 	Trelal 	Crazy
t 	Tres 	Trough
t 	Tridon 	Wheat
t 	Triflum 	Clover
t 	Trusir 	Push (v)
t 	Truxal 	Wild (adj)
=U= 	Umbrum 	Shadow
u 	Ungvum 	Nail (but not a body part)
u 	Urbum 	City, town
u 	Ut 	That (introducing a clause which is the subject or object of a verb
[such as one involving reported speech], 
or which is a complement to a previous statement)
u 	Uzir 	Use (v)
=V= 	Vadir 	Go (v)
v 	Vagrir 	Stray (v)
v 	Valde 	Very
v 	Vanal 	Empty, hollow
v 	Varial 	Various
v 	Vehir 	Go (v) (by a vehicle)
v 	Velum 	Sail (n)
v 	Ventum 	Wind (n)
v 	Venum 	Poison (n)
v 	Vernixum 	Lacquer, varnish
v 	Verum 	Truth
v 	Verbum 	Verb
v 	Vetal 	Old
v 	Vichir 	Win (v)
v 	Vidir 	See
v 	Vinqir 	Defeat
v 	Viscal 	Sticky, viscous
v 	Virga 	Virgin
v 	Vitrum 	Glass (n)
v 	Vitum 	Life
v 	Volpon 	Fox
v 	Volum 	Will (n)
v 	Volvir 	Wind (v), roll (v) (up)
v 	Voqir 	Call (v)
v 	Vorir 	Eat (v)
=X= 	Xantal 	Yellow
x 	Xenal 	Alien (adj), foreign (adj)
x 	Xeral 	Dry (adj)
x 	Xilum 	Wood (material)
x 	Xipnir 	Wake
=Y= 	Yo 	Go (interjection prompting to start an action)
y 	Yuval 	Young
y 	Yurum 	Law
y 	Yusum 	Right (n) (privilege)
y 	Yustum 	Justice (n)
=Z= 	Zoon 	Animal (n)
Legend:
*(n) - noun 
*(v) - verb 
*(adj) - adjective 
*(adv) - adverb 
==Affixes (Cumfixums)==
Hervenish language is essentially an agglutinative language, so new words are largely kept together by sticking together the old ones, especially by using prefixes and suffixes:
Prefixes (Prefixums)
*"arch-" - arch- (e.g. "ministros" - "minister", "archministros" - "prime minister")
*"des-" - removing something, an opposite
*"dis-" - incorrect (e.g. "awdir" - "hear", "disawdir" - "mishear")
*"diz-" - division, acting in different directions (e.g. "darir" - "give", "dizdarir" - "give away")
*"ex-" - former 
*"mal-" - moral condemnation
*"prey-" - putting the details together (e.g. "laborir" - "to work", "preylaborir" - "to elaborate")
*"prim-" - primordial (e.g. "patros" - "father", "primpatros" - "grandfather")
*"ri-" - again (e.g. "scribir" - "write", "riscribir" - "rewrite")Suffixes (Stafixums):
*"-ac-" - bad quality, ugliness (e.g. "domum" - "house", "domacum" - "shanty")
*"-ad-" - an item with a feature
*"-alv-" - a container for something, a vessel, a cloth (e.g. "manum" - "hand", "manalvum" - "glove")
*"-an-" - member, resident, oxygen acid salt (e.g. "sulfum" - sulfur, "sulfanum" - "sulfate")
* "-ar-" - place (e.g. "librum" - "book", "librarum" - "library")
* "-ark-" - administrator (e.g. "urbum" - "city", "urbarkon" - "mayor")
*"-artz-" - a part of something (e.g. "vingum" - "chain", "vingartzum" - "a link", "a nexus")
*"-at-" - collection (e.g. "dendron" - "tree", "dendraton" - "forest")
*"-atz-" - activity, especially if it lasts longer, often also the imperfect aspect
*"-ax-" - inclined to something (e.g. "vorir" - "to eat", "voraxal" - "gluttonous")
* "-ay-" - high intensity (e.g. "termal" - "warm"; "termayal" - "hot")
*"-ef-" - to produce, to emit something (e.g. "sangvum" - "blood", "sangvefir" - "to bleed")
* "-em-" - fraction (e. g. "duo" - "two", "duoemum" - "half")
*"-emd-" - necessary to be done
*"-er-" - tool
*"-imn-" - logarithms, number systems ("detz" - "ten", "detzimnal" - "decimal"), and also generally converts qualitative and relational adjectives to the possesive one’s (e.g. "termal" - "warm", "termimnal" - "of the heat", "heat-related", e.g. "gradum termimnal" - "heat degree").
*"-ibl-" - suitable for something (e.g. "lectir" - "read", "lectiblal" - "readable")
*"-id-" - young individual, child (e.g. "cinon" - "dog", "cinidon" - "puppy"), as well as an anaerobic acid salt (e.g. "sulfum" - "sulfur", "sulfidum" - "sulfide")
*"-if-" - become (e.g. "magnal" - "large", "magnifir" - "to grow")
*"-ign-" - worthy of something (e.g. "punir" - "to punish", "punignal" - "shameful")
*"-ij-" - supplying something (e.g. "dendraton" - "forest", "dendratijir" - "to afforestate")
*"-ist-" - specialist, professional (e.g. "mensum" - "table", "mensiston" - "carpenter")
*"-iv-" - capable of something (eg "vidir" - "see", "vidival" - "able to see", "nonvidival" - "blind")
*"-iz-" - give characteristics (e.g. "magnal" - "large", "magnizir" - "to increase")
*"-oid-" - similar to something
*"-oj-" - full of something (e. g. "montum" - "mountain", "montojal" - "mountainous")
*"-or-" - possessor of some attributes (e.g. "plowzal" - "rich", "plowzoron" - "a rich person")
*"-otz-" - kill by something, somehow (e.g. "litum" - "stone", "litocir" - "to lapidate")
*"-oz-" - disease (e.g. "frigal" - "cold", "frigozum" - "a cold"; "zucarum" - "sugar", "zucarozum" - "diabetes")
*"-ud-" - feature (e.g. "acral" - "tall", "high", "acrudum" - "height", " tallness")
*"-ul-" - low intensity, diminutive (e.g. "dendron" - "tree", "dendrulon" - "tree"), in combination with the suffix "-an-" forms the names of salts of acids that are not of the highest oxidation state (e.g. "sulfum" - "sulfur", "sulfanulum" - "sulfite")
*"-upl-" - multiple (e.g. "duo" - "two", "duouplal" - double ")
Chosen sentences (Elgishtals protazums):
Mu esto antropem et nunum, qvum estet antropal, non estet mut xenal.Oyqvun tu facesht, facerst prude et bleperst lum finun.Dural yurum, sed yurumLum lexum egvolet lon paserem, cay riftanet lon bovem.Salvormt, Cezari! Lon mortenzons ceretoes Ezun!
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Category:White Essence: Divided World
Category:Fictional languages
Category:Language Ideas