Twentieth dynasty of Egypt

The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. This dynasty is considered to be the last one of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and was followed by the Third Intermediate Period.
==Pharaohs of the 20th Dynasty==
The pharaohs of the 20th dynasty ruled for approximately one hundred and twenty years: from ca 1187 to 1064 BCE. The dates and names in the table are taken from Dodson and Hilton.Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004 Many of the pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes (designated KV). More information can be found on the Theban Mapping Project website.Sites in the Valley of the Kings
Twentieth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
name of King 	Horus (Throne) Name 	date 	Burial	Queen(s)
Setnakhte 	Userkhaure 	1187 - 1185 BCE	KV14 	Tiy-merenese
Ramesses III 	Usermaatre-Meryamun 	1185 - 1153 BCE	KV11 	Iset Ta-HemdjertTiye
Ramesses IV 	User/Heqamaatre Setepenamun 	1153 - 1146 BCE	KV2 	Duatentopet
Ramesses V Amenhirkhepeshef I 	Usermaatre Sekheperenre 	1146 - 1141 BCE	KV9 	HenutwatiTawerettenru
Ramesses VI Amenhirkhepeshef II	Nebmaatre Meryamun 	1141 - 1133 BCE	KV9 	Nubkhesbed
Ramesses VII Itamun 	Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun	1133 - 1125 BCE	KV1 	
Ramesses VIII Sethhirkhepeshef 	Usermaatre Akhenamun 	1125 - 1123 BCE	 	
Ramesses IX Khaemwaset I 	Neferkare Setepenre 	1123 - 1104 BCE	KV6 	Baketwernel
Ramesses X Amenhirkhepeshef III	Khepermaatre Setepenre 	1104 - 1094 BCE	KV18 	Tyti
Ramesses XI Khaemwaset II 	Menmaatre Setpenptah 	1094 - 1064 BCE	KV4 	Tentamun
====Background====
Pharaoh Setnakhte was likely already middle aged when he took the throne after Queen Twosret. He only ruled for a short time when he was succeeded by his son Ramesses III. Egypt was threatened by the Sea Peoples during this time period, but Ramesses III was able to defeat this confederacy from the Near East. The king is also known for a harem conspiracy in which Queen Tiye attempted to assassinate the king and put her son Pentawere on the throne. The coup was not successful in the end. The king may have died from the attempt on his life, but it was his legitimate heir Ramesses IV who succeeded him to the throne. After this a succession of kings named Ramesses take the throne, but none would truly achieve greatness.Dodson and Hilton, pg 184
====Tomb robbing====
The period of these rulers is notable for the beginning of the systematic robbing of the Royal Tombs. Many surviving administrative documents from this period are records of investigations and punishment for these crimes, especially in the reigns of Ramses IX and Ramses XI.Dodson and Hilton, pg 184-185
====Decline====
As happened under the earlier Nineteenth Dynasty, this group struggled under the effects of the bickering between the heirs of Ramesses III. For instance, three different sons of Ramesses III are known to have assumed power as Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI and Ramesses VIII respectively. However, at this time Egypt was also increasingly beset by a series of droughts, below-normal flooding levels of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption – all of which would limit the managerial abilities of any king. The power of the last king, Ramesses XI, grew so weak that in the south the High Priests of Amun at Thebes became the effective de facto rulers of Upper Egypt, while Smendes controlled Lower Egypt even before Ramesses XI's death. Smendes would eventually found the Twenty-First dynasty at Tanis.Dodson and Hilton, pg 185-186
==Twentieth Dynasty timeline==
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 from: -1190 till: -1186 color:PA text:"[[Setnakhte]] ([[1190 BCE]] – [[1186 BCE]])"
 from: -1186 till: -1155 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses III]] ([[1186 BCE]] – [[1155 BCE]])"
 from: -1155 till: -1149 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses IV]] ([[1155 BCE]] – [[1149 BCE]])"
 from: -1149 till: -1145 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses V]] ([[1149 BCE]] – [[1145 BCE]])"
 from: -1145 till: -1137 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses VI]] ([[1145 BCE]] – [[1137 BCE]])"
 from: -1137 till: -1130 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses VII]] ([[1137 BCE]] – [[1130 BCE]])"
 from: -1130 till: -1129 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses VIII]] ([[1130 BC]] – [[1129 BC]])"
 from: -1129 till: -1111 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses IX]] ([[1129 BCE]] – [[1111 BCE]])"
 from: -1111 till: -1107 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses X]] ([[1111 BCE]] – [[1107 BCE]])"
 from: -1107 till: -1077 color:PA text:"[[Ramesses XI]] ([[1107 BCE]] – [[1077 BCE]])"
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==References==
Category:Ancient Egypt