Kers

Id kers (ex oraryo *k^erH2s = "cap") ne hat esto semper ayt id seddos os mental activitat. Aristoteles mohn od tod wohs in id kerd, menxu i Misris desinteresseer-se ud id moster unte id mummification proceddat. Tohrbit bihe constatet od caplesions dribheer bim victims leusa om motor ed cognitive functions pre id rol ios kers buit kwahn prabhst-ye. Ia meteoric progressa tyict ab i neurobiologistens unte ta trigim akhir decennia saygeihnt sems od id XXIsto secule sessiet tod iom neuroSciencen. Neurosciences jamiyent hol paurskens qua beziele ghabe, pon id molecular nivell tiel ye id maschtab tos mems, quosmed id kers wehrct ed deught menos. 
 
==Anatomia ios kers==
Id kers kwehct schematic-ye kam un semen vulbhen in un rind. Diversa substructures compone tod "semen" (id amygdala, id hippocampus) swekwehrnd wiswa gwitsbungsa : mathalan, id hypothalamus, tem smulko quem uno mendel, dact informations ud ia memsa ed retroregulet, inter alya, id temperature ios corpos, swehpen ed hungher. Id rind, kalt cortex, est id part in contacto con id ghalv ed comprindt multa diplas. Esdi vasyi mammifers xeihnt un cortex, tod est meist antplohct bil mensc.
Eti, i neurobiologistes dividend id kers do different lobes : chollobe, temperlobe... Fin-ye, id mems est separet in dwo hemispheres, dexter ed levter. Rewen ab un baygh teun bidno, dayim comwehrgent, yed agent meg distinct rols in certain cognitive taska. 
Id prest complete description iom cells qua "wehghe" ia informations in id kers est due iom Espaniol S.Ramòn y Cajal (1852-1934). Ta neurons sont cells qua sem teun tuich rewsa, ia synapses, separent. Tamen 100 milliards neuronen sont kam railvias unte qua kwehle electric impulses : ia de synapses sont ia makase walsa transmitte id nerveus influxo sub id forme om chemic messages, ia neurotransmitterrs, mathalan acetylcholine, dopamine... Smad mehlde od ia neurons sont dalg ud ses id saul type cellen present in id kers : ia neuroglia, qua swekwehrnt id pieuten ed id physic stehmen iom neurons, skeipent 50% ios volume ios kers
==Ia bungsa iom kersdeils==
Id dayi sekwent quod mental functions lyehge eni certain kersdeils est aw : tarikhet ex iom theolog ed philosoph Albertus Magnus (1193-1280). In-kap id XIXt secule, tod dayi reprehpt sub id forme uns excentric theoria, "phrenologia", sekwent-yod ia ghalvgrumbs reflege id pinseing al anghen. 
Is like P.Broca (1824-1880) est is prest qui daht un scientific seddos : is aunstehct, ep id kers em beghswekwos patients sem lesions in id levter chollobe. Serter bihsiet demonstret od tod region est tik id seddos os wekwos, menxu alyo kersdeil est maimour med recognihes ia werds in ia aurn swons. 
Nundiens est pact od, quayque ielgo lobe est specialisen in certain ultraspecific taska, ia meger kersbungsa (Bahmen, locomotion, visual conscience...) wehrgeihnt neuronal circuits qua sont "mier autostrads" qua tehrnt plur kersdeils. Id chollobe, mathalan, act un predominant rol in bahmen, voluntar movs ed id planen iom acts os cadadien gwit, menxu visual conscience involvt areas ios caud ios kers, ios chollobe ed ios thalamus. Memoria punor lyehct in id eten ios kers ed interveneiht plura regions kam id thalamus ed id hippocampus. 
Intelligence keiht ep tem kathire subsystemes os informationsbeorbaten - interveneiht wekwos, memoria - quem khakmos localise id. 
==Kersplasticitat==
Id mege ed id localisation iom kersbungsen ne sont pact pro id hol gwit. Oinghi iom sonterkweitus ios kers est ids plasticitat, yani ids imkan ad se modifie sekwent ia extos stimules. Tod adaptativitat, ye id base os memorisation, tyehct dank ia synapses, qua ghehdent meis au minter suawehghe ia electric impulses. Un professional violiniste, mathalan, pelu kekanus sien barbith, siet crisces ia sensorial fikerareas es sien levter hand in id druna iom yars.
 
Id Alice in Daumsenland syndrome est un desorientanto neuropsychologic condition quod affect kwahsa. Est ops assocyen ad khakethas, ed ei neud om psychoactive droghs. Id ghehdt ses yaschi id startsymptome ios Epstein-Barr virus. In id Basmo, Alice subeiht mult situations samilk ad micropsia ed macropsia. Est oispeculen kad Carroll hat script id storia folossiend-ye sien wi direct experience episoden os micropsia due ia kathire khakethas qua is eet gnoht kwehnde. Buitschi suggesten kad Carroll pieytt ob temperlobe epilepsie. 
==Ia sokwassilas==
Diu hant i lieks habt neid alyo cheus kay meis-ye suagnohe id kers quem tyices autopsias ep cadavers. Dank moderne Techniques, ghehdent vide id kers "mehne". Id Magnetic Resonance Tomographia (MRT) consist magnetise sema molecules present in id kers ed observe poskwo ia electromagnetic wands ia yeise retro. Ia kweitus tom wands reflege id oxygenation ratio ios sehrg in id kers. Api, id strohm os oxygenen sehrg auct in areas qua consumme Energia. Med id MRT, bihntghi direct-ye mapt ia kersdeils qua biwehrge bi un subjectem kun el tyeict un task, kam lives uter hand we remehme semject. Unte un experiment, voluntars participeer un leiko quod im permiss sehle denarsumms we smauter erotic Kwiters, menxu ir kersactivitat eet recordet med uno Magnetic Resonance Tomograph. Ia resultats suggeste existiet un dissociation inter ia saygen "primar" mizda - kam pitu au sexe qua satisfice ia gwitwans ed hant un ingnaht wirt - ed ta "secundarer" - kam denars au magh (vide skwiter herender). 
Neid alyo technique ananct id precision ios MRT, quod visibleiht millimetric anatomic detayls. Lakin, id rlienxienia iom skwiters ne est id saul revelant criterium in ia studyes. Idmen positronen emission tomographia (PET), technique quod permitt mides tridimensional-ye id metabolic activitat, dadwt skwiters mins precis quem id MRT yed ghehdt detege meis-ye muzlim dehnquotenchanges. Id de interesse ios electroencephalographia - quod meidt ia electric wands emitten spontan-ye ab id kers - est reage extreme-ye oku ed ecrankipes it id kersactivitat unte oino millisecunde.
 Un area ye id front ios kers, id oktormchollobe, est gnoht ob sien rol pro kehnse mizda. Id cauder gehlb deil keipt id wirt om erotic kwiters oiskaun im participants, menxu id fronter blou deil keipt id wirt om denarsumms algven unte id experiment. Ghehdient ghi existe distinct areas pro ta different mizda.
==Ia perspectives==
Neurosciences sont un extreme-ye active branche os Biologia. Sont aunkehldernd kersphenomens tem divers quem ia mathematic ilms, ia talimatsmecanismes om gospoti bahsas unte miegve, id emen os decision - ye id fin ios XXt secule hat is neurolog A.Damasio demonstret, mathalan, od nies emotions participent active-ye ia cheusa qua tyeicmos -, etc. Quosmed biht producen id conscience in id kers ? Quod est id neuronal base om nies pinseingtraits ? Solg sont oiks iom meger challenges pro neurosciences ye id XXIsto secule. 
Trans ia sulpaurskens, neurosciences interessent-se ibs kerspathologias, besonters ia effects os gerascen. Ter leit de un besonters important sanitatsprobleme. Reduce id paytten im sieugs ed vergihes un explosion iom costen ios medical expense uperleite unte id urgent antplehcen uns vaccine, au bariem, om ilaja qua correge ia symptomes. 
Id therapeutic proschgumt, quod tehrpt bihe alnos antplohct, ghehdiet bihe yuct uni preventive proschgumt. In 1999, un epidemiologic analyse, ducen ab iens lieks T.Akbaraly ed C.Berr ios unité Neuropsychiatrie os Montpellier, hat demonstret od anghens empraxisend frequent-ye sem intellectual farakhatactivitats (crucenwerds, cartenleiks...) hieb ye cort meiwrnt un 50% reduction ios risk os ubgumt ios Alzheimer siuge. Tod resultat incitet ad promove talg activitats eni id at population kay chitaye ia effects bohnden ad gerascen ep id mental stand.