WP:IPA for Irish

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Irish-language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see , and .
See Irish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Irish.
==Key==
 ConsonantsIrish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹› (that is not a capital Y but a Latin letter, based on a Greek lowercase gamma, ‹γ›), are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the in English pill in some accents like RP and General American but not Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate like the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e› and ‹i›.
Broad 	Broad 	Broad 	Slender 	Slender 	Slender
IPA 	Example 	English approximation 	IPA 	Example 	English approximation
 	bain, scuab 	boot 	 	béal, cnáib 	beautiful
 	dorn, nead 	do (but dental), though (Ireland) 	 	dearg, cuid 	dew
 	fós, graf, pholl 	fool 	 	fíon, stuif, phríosún 	fuel
 	gasúr, bog 	goose 	 	geata, carraig 	argue
 	dhorn, ghasúr 	Spanish higo 	Also in some positions in some dialects.	dhearg, gheata 	yellow
is neither broad nor slender. 	Shasana, shean, thaisce, theanga, hata, na héisc	hand 	colspan="3" 	 	
 	cáis, mac 	cart 	 	ceist, mic 	cube
Few, if any, modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of L sound. Most dialects have merged and as , and some have also merged and as . Still others have merged and as . 	labhair, balla 	filth 	 	leabhair, goilleadh 	million
 	fhlaith, bealach 	pool 	 	fhleasc, goile 	leaf
 	mór, am 	moot 	 	milis, im 	mute
Few, if any, modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of N sound. Most dialects have merged and as , and some have also merged and as . Still others have merged and as . In parts of Munster, has merged with in non-initial position.	naoi, donna 	tenth 	 	ní, bainne 	inch
 	dona 	noon 	 	bainis 	opinion
 	ngasúr 	long 	 	ngeata 	angular
 	poll, stop 	poor 	 	príosún, truip 	pure
 	barr, carr 	rule (but tapped) 	 	fhréamh, tirim 	real (but tapped)
 	Sasana, tús, speal 	soon 	 	sean, cáis 	sheet
 	taisce, ceart 	tool (but dental), thorn (Ireland)	 	tír, beirt 	tune (accents without yod dropping)
, or depending on dialect & position. 	bhain, dubh, mhór, léamh, vóta 	wood or voodoo 	 	bhéal, sibh, mhilis, nimh, veidhlín 	view
 	cháis, taoiseach 	loch (Scotland) 	 	cheist, deich, theann, theocht, thiúilip, thiocfadh, thiubh	hue (pronounced strongly)
 Vowels
IPA	Examples 	English approximation	IPA 	Examples 	English approximation
 	mac 	trap 	 	tá 	father
 	ceist 	best 	 	mé, gael 	pay
 	ith, duine 	kit 	 	mín, naoi	mean
 	olc, deoch 	core 	 	bó, ceol 	roll
 	dubh, fliuch	good 	 	tú 	too
 	solas, milis	sofa 	colspan="3"	 	
Diphthongs
IPA 	Examples	English
Approximation
All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as .	bia 	idea
 	fuar 	truant
 	saghas 	light
 	leabhar 	about
 Suprasegmentals
IPA	Explanation
 	primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable);usually the first syllable except in Munster
 	secondary stress (usually found only in compounds)
==Comparison of transcription schemes==
Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. For example, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants with the prime, but that is not standard IPA usage.
This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, ) with the systems used in some other works.
IPA	Ní Chasaide (1999)(Gweedore)	Quiggin (1906)(Glenties)	Breatnach (1947)(Ring)	Ó Sé (2000)(Dingle Peninsula)	Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)(Erris)	Ó Siadhail (1988)(Cois Fharraige)	Foclóir Póca (1993)(Lárchanúint)
 	a 	æ, α 	a 	a 	a 	æ:, a: 	a
 	æ 	α: 	a: 	ɑː 	a: 	ɑ: 	a:
 	bˠ 	b 	b 	b 	b 	b 	b
 	bʲ 	b′ 	b′ 	b′ 	b′ 	b′ 	b′
 	c 	k′ 	k′ 	k′ 	k′ 	k′ 	k′
 	ç 	ç 	ç 	x′ 	ç 	x′ 	x′
 	d̪ˠ 	d 	d 	d 	d 	d 	d
 	d̠ʲ 	d′ 	d′ 	d′ 	d′ 	d′ 	d′
 	e 	e: 	e: 	eː 	e: 	e: 	e:
 	ɛ 	ɛ, e 	e 	e 	e 	e 	e
 	ə 	ə 	ə 	ə, ɪ 	ə 	ə 	ə
 	— 	αi 	əi 	ai 	əi 	ai 	ai
 	au 	αu 	əu 	ou 	əu 	au 	au
 	fˠ 	f 	f 	f 	f 	f 	f
 	fʲ 	f′ 	f′ 	f′ 	f′ 	f′ 	f′
 	ɡ 	g 	g 	ɡ 	g 	g 	g
 	ɣ 	ℊ 	γ 	ɣ 	ɣ 	ɣ 	γ
 	h 	h 	h, h′ 	h 	h 	h 	h
 	i 	i: 	i: 	iː 	i: 	i: 	i:
 	ɪ 	ï, i, y 	i 	i 	i 	i 	i
 	ia 	iə 	iə 	iːə 	iə 	i:ə 	iə
 	j 	j 	j 	ɣ′ 	j 	ɣ′ 	γ′
 	ɟ 	g′ 	g′ 	ɡ′ 	g′ 	g′ 	g′
 	k 	k 	k 	k 	k 	k 	k
 	l̪ˠ 	L 	l 	l 	L 	L 	l
 	l̪ˠ 	l 	l 	l 	l 	L 	l
 	l̠ʲ 	L′ 	l′ 	l′ 	L′ 	L′ 	l′
 	l 	l′ 	l′ 	l′ 	l′ 	l′ 	l′
 	mˠ 	m 	m 	m 	m 	m 	m
 	mʲ 	m′ 	m′ 	m′ 	m′ 	m′ 	m′
 	n̪ˠ 	N 	n 	n 	N 	N 	n
 	n 	n 	n 	n 	n 	N 	n
 	n̠ʲ 	N′ 	n′ 	n′ 	N′ 	N′ 	n′
 	n̠ʲ 	n′ 	n′ 	n′ 	n′ 	n′ 	n′
 	ɲ 	ɲ 	ŋ′ 	ŋ′ 	ŋ′ 	ŋ′ 	ŋ′
 	ŋ 	ŋ 	ŋ 	ŋ 	ŋ 	ŋ 	ŋ
 	o 	o:, ɔ: 	o: 	oː 	o: 	o: 	o:
 	ʌ 	ɔ, o̤ 	o 	o 	o 	o 	o
 	pˠ 	p 	p 	p 	p 	p 	p
 	pʲ 	p′ 	p′ 	p′ 	p′ 	p′ 	p′
 	ɾˠ 	r, R 	r 	r 	r 	r 	r
 	ɾʲ 	r′ 	r′ 	r′ 	r′ 	r′ 	r′
 	sˠ 	s 	s 	s 	s 	s 	s
 	ɕ 	ʃ 	ʃ 	ʃ 	ʃ 	s′ 	s′
 	t̪ˠ 	t 	t 	t 	t 	t 	t
 	t̠ʲ 	t′ 	t′ 	t′ 	t′ 	t′ 	t′
 	u 	u: 	u: 	uː 	u: 	u: 	u:
 	ɤ 	U 	u 	u 	u 	u 	u
 	ua 	uə 	uə 	uːə 	uə 	u:ə 	uə
 	vʲ 	v 	v′ 	v′ 	v′ 	w′ 	v′
 	w 	w 	v 	v 	w 	w 	v
 	x 	χ 	x 	x 	x 	x 	x
==Notes==
== External links ==
* Irish Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Irish Text to IPA Phonetic Transcription