Louis Armstrong

Louis Daniel Armstrong † (August 4, 1901 - c. July 6, 1971 [aged 69]) better known online as Louis Armstrong, was an American trumpeter and vocalist. 
==History==
Armstrong himself often claimed he was born on July 4, 1900. His parents were Mary Estelle "Mayann" Albert and William Armstrong.https://archive.org/details/satchmogeniusofl00gidd William Armstrong abandoned the family shortly after Albert had Louis and his sister.Giddins (2001), pp. 22–23 
Louis Armstrong was raised by his grandmother until the age of five, when he was returned to his mother. He spent his youth in poverty in a rough neighborhood known as The Battlefield, on the southern section of Rampart Street.Giddins (2001), p. 26.https://www.nps.gov/jazz/learn/historyculture/jazz-map.htm At six he started attending the Fisk School for Boys.Bergreen (1997), pp. 27, 57–60. 
In 1969, while recovering from heart and kidney problems at Beth Israel Hospital in New York City, Armstrong wrote a memoir called Louis Armstrong + the Jewish Family in New Orleans, LA., the year of 1907, describing his time working for the Karnoffsky family.https://books.google.com/books?id=fdxDDe-fb8sC&pg=PA3 
In his memoir, Louis Armstrong + the Jewish Family in New Orleans, La., the Year of 1907, he described his discovery that this family was also subject to discrimination by "other white folks" who felt that they were better than Jews: "I was only seven years old but I could easily see the ungodly treatment that the white folks were handing the poor Jewish family whom I worked for." He wrote about what he learned from them: "how to live—real life and determination."https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/satchmo-and-the-jews/ Morris Karnoffsky gave Armstrong an advance toward the purchase of a cornet from a pawn shop. Later as an adult, Armstrong wore a Star of David given to him by his Jewish manager, Joe Glaser, until the end of his life, in part in memory of this family who had raised him.Manuscript titled Louis Armstrong and the Jewish Family in New Orleans, the Year of 1907, written in 1969 and finished in 1970. 
When Armstrong was eleven, he dropped out of school. His mother moved into a one-room house on Perdido Street with Armstrong, Lucy, and her common-law husband, Tom Lee, next door to her brother Ike and his two sons. Armstrong joined a quartet of boys who sang in the streets for money. Bunk Johnson said he taught the eleven-year-old to play by ear at Dago Tony's honky tonk. In his later years Armstrong credited King Oliver.Current Biography 1944, pp. 15–17. 
He found a job at a dance hall owned by Henry Ponce, who had connections to organized crime. He met the six-foot tall drummer Black Benny, who became his guide and bodyguard.Bergreen (1997), pp. 80–89. Around the age of fifteen, he pimped for a prostitute named Nootsy, but that relationship failed after she stabbed Armstrong in the shoulder and his mother choked her nearly to death.Brothers, Thomas (2014). Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 70–71. 
He briefly studied shipping management at the local community college, but was forced to quit after being unable to afford the fees.Bergreen (1997), p. 44. While selling coal in Storyville, he heard spasm bands. He heard the early sounds of jazz from bands that played in brothels and dance halls such as Pete Lala's, where King Oliver performed.Bergreen (1997), pp. 45–47. 
==Death==
Armstrong played a two-week engagement in March 1971 at the Waldorf-Astoria's Empire Room. At the end of it, he was hospitalized for a heart attack.https://books.google.com/books?id=GVWrw0dtuAMC&pg=PT95 He was released from the hospital in May, and quickly resumed practicing his trumpet playing. Armstrong died of a heart attack in his sleep on July 6, 1971. He was residing in Corona, Queens, New York City, at the time of his death.https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0804.html 
===Legacy===
In 1950, Bing Crosby, said, "He is the beginning and the end of music in America."http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/01/02/11/reviews/010211.11gottlit.html Armstrong is widely recognized as a pioneer of scat singing, Ethel Waters and others preceded his scatting on record in the 1920s according to Gary Giddins and others.Ken Burns' Jazz CD 
In 1991, an asteroid was named 9179 Satchmo in his honor.https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9179 In the summer of 2001, in commemoration of the centennial of Armstrong's birth, New Orleans's main airport was renamed Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport. The entrance to the airport's former terminal building houses a statue depicting Armstrong playing his cornet. The house where Armstrong lived for almost 28 years was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977 and is now a museum.https://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2023/07/07/louis-armstrong-house-museum-and-cuny-celebrate-opening-of-new-center/ 
In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Armstrong at No. 39 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/louis-armstrong-3-1234643140/
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Music YouTubers
Category:American YouTubers
Category:Users who joined in 2019
Category:Deceased YouTubers