Hindustani

Hindustani ( हिन्दुस्तानी / ہندوستانی ) est un hindaryo bahsa bahn in Nord ed Central Hind ed Pakistan, ed nuden ka lingua franca in bo lands. Hindustani est un pluricentric bahsa samt dwo standarda registers, gnoht ka Hindi ed Urdu. Colloquial registers ios bahsa wehse ep un spectrum inter ta standards. 
Id concept uns Hindustani bahsa ka « unifiend bahsa » wa « fusionsbahsa » buit sumen ab Mahatma Gandhi. Id conversion ex Hindi do Urdu (au vice versa) bihti daydey convers tik med transliteration inter bo schrifts, instet tarjem est-yod daydey tik naudht pro religieus ed literar textes. 
Sem alims aynt id presto scripto poesis ios bahsa, in id forme Awios Hindi, ses tem aus quem 769 A.D. Lakin, tod mayno ne est plaut-ye acceptet. Unte id prist ios Dehli Sultanat, ambghohrd-yod id major part os moderne Hinds, Eust Pakistan, Sud Nepal ed Bangladesh ed suwit-yod id contact om Hindu ed Muslim cultures, id Sanskrit ed Prakrit base Awios Hindi richeriesc med launwerds ex Parsi, evolvend do id present forme os Hindustani. Id Hindustani vernacular bihsit un wekwos os Hindi national unitat unte id Hindi Independence Movment ed nabiht bahn ka commun bahsa im leuds ios Nord Hindi Subcontinent, est-yod reflegen in id Hindustani werdskaut om Bollywood films ed songvs.
Id etenwerdskaut ios bahsa esti deriven ex Prakrit (un descendant os Sanskrit) samt substantiala launwerds ex Parsi ed Arab (via Parsi). 
In 2022, Hindi ed Urdu comskeipe tienxia trit bahtst bahsa pos Englisch ed Chinese, samt 833,5 millions leuden qui hant id ka materbahsa au second bahsa, quayque to includt millions qui sworeporteer ir bahsa ka « Hindi » unte id Hindi ardhem yed bahnt uno numer alyen Hindi bahsas quem Hindustani. 
 
== Hindi ==
Hindi wa meis chiowdeo Moderne Standard Hindi ( मानक हिन्दी ) est un Hindaryo bahsa bahn khaliban in id Hindi zone quod ambghehrdt parts om Nord, Central, Eust ed West Hind. Hindi buit descript ka standardiset ed sanskritiset register ios Hindustani register, quod-pet keiht preter ep id Khariboli dialect om Delhi ed nieberzones os Nord Hind. Hindi, scriben in id Devanagari schrift, est uter iom dwo official bahsas ios Gouvernement os Hind, con Englisch. Est un official bahsa in nev Stats ed tri unionsterritoria ed un additional official bahsa in tri alya Stats. Hindi est oinschi iom 22 daftarbahsas ios Respublic os Hind. 
Hindi est id lingua franca ios Hindi zone. Estschi baht, ye lyter extense, in alya parts os Hind (biadet in un simplifien au pidginisen varietat kam Bazaar Hindustani au Haflong Hindi). Exter Hind, plur alya bahsas sont official-ye recogniht ka « Hindi » yed ne se refernt ei Standard Hindi bahsa describen her sontern descende ex alya dialects, kam Awadhi ed Bhojpuri. Talg bahsas include Vichi Hindi, hat-yod official status in Vichi, ed Caribe Hindi, est-yod bahn in Surinam, Trinidad ed Tobago, ed Guyana. Ploisko id schrift ed id formal werdskaut, Standard Hindi est mutupretable con Standard Urdu, alyo recogniht register os Hindustani dat bo smyehrnt un commun colloquial base. 
Hindi esti tienxia quart bahnsto materbahsa, pos Chinese, Espaniol ed Englisch. Sei comhissapt con id mutupretable Urdu, esti tienxia trit bahnst bahsa, pos Chinese ed Englisch. 
 
== Devanagari ==
Devanagari ( नागरी ) est un levtos-dextro alphasyllabar (un type os segmental scribsysteme), keihnd ep id awo Brahmi schrift, nudt in id Nord Hindi Subcontinent. Est oino iom official schrifts ios Respublic Hind ed os Nepal. Buit antplohcen ed in regular neud unte id VIIim secule. Id Devanagari schrift, quod includt 14 voyels ed 33 consonns, esti tienxia plautst-ye widt scribsysteme, nudt pro uper 120 bahsas. 
Id orthographia tos schrift reflect id pronunciation ios bahsa. Nekam id Latin alphabet, id schrift hat neid enderkweiten inter majuscules ed minuscules. Esti scriben levtos dextro, favoriset symmetric rundiht skeips eni quadrat ambhriss, ed est recognible ob un horizontalo ligne, gnoht ka un shirorekhâ, quod oistrehct ep id topp om plen buksteivs. Cursive-ye, id Devanagari schrift kwehcti different ud alya Brahmi schrifts kam Bangla-Assamese au Gurmukhi, bet un prokwer chehxen revelet od sonti meg samlik ploisko de angules ed structural mubalarha. 
== Urdu ==
Urdu est un Hindaryo bahsa baht khaliban in Sud Asia. Est id national bahsa ed lingua franca os Pakistan, quer id est unschi official bahsa nieb Englisch. In Hind, Urdu est un daftarbahsa quos status ed cultural heritage est recognihn ab id Constitution os Hind ; id hat unschi official status in plur Hindi Stats. In Nepal, est un registert regional dialect ed in Sud Africa est un protegen bahsa in id Constitution. Estschi bahn ka minoritar bahsa in Afghanistan ed Bangladesh, samt neid official status. 
Urdu hat esen describen ka un Parsisen register ios Hindustani bahsa ; Urdu ed Hindi smyehrnt un commun Sanskrit/Prakrit deriven werdskaut base, phonologia, syntaxe ed grammatic, beuwnd ia ka mutupretable unte colloquial communication. Menxu formal Urdu tract literar, politic ed technic werdskaut ex Parsi, formal Hindi tracti ta aspects ex Sanskrit ; yinjier, idghi mutupreten om bo bahsas mincti kun id factor os formalitat crehsct. 
In 1837, Urdu bihsit un official bahsa ios Britisch Eust Indias Compagnie, taynd Parsi unte Nord Hind ; Parsi hieb tuntro daughen ka id curtbahsa om divers Hindislami empires. Religieus, social ed politic factors ubgwohm unte id Europay colonial prist qua advoqueer un enderkweiten inter Urdu ed Hindi, ducend ei Hindi-Urdu controverse.
Urdu bihsit un literar bahsa unte id XVIIIt secule ed dwo samlik standard formes gwohm do existe in Delhi ed Lucknow. Pon id partition os Hind in 1947, un trito standard hat gnahn in id Pakistani citad Karachi. Deccani, un awer forme nudt in Deccan, bihsit un curtbahsa iom Decan sultanats unte id XVIt secule. 
Sekwent vehrtens in 2022 ab Ethnologue, Urdu esti tienxia plautst-ye baht bahsa, samt un total em 230 millions bahtorn, pati qui bahnt id ka second bahsa.
Category:Bahsas