Archbishop of York

The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.
The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
==History==
===Roman===
There was a bishop in Eboracum (Roman York) from very early times; during the Middle Ages, it was thought to have been one of the dioceses established by the legendary King Lucius. Bishops of York are known to have been present at the councils of Arles (Eborius) and Nicaea (unnamed). However, this early Christian community was later destroyed by the pagan Anglo-Saxons and there is no direct succession from these bishops to the post-Augustinian ones.
===Middle Ages===
The Catholic diocese was refounded by Paulinus (a member of Augustine's mission) in the 7th century. Notable among these early bishops is Wilfrid. These early bishops of York acted as diocesan rather than archdiocesan prelates until the time of Ecgbert of York, who received the pallium from Pope Gregory III in 735 and established metropolitan rights in the north. Until the Danish invasion the archbishops of Canterbury occasionally exercised authority, and it was not until the Norman Conquest that the archbishops of York asserted their complete independence.
At the time of the Norman invasion York had jurisdiction over Worcester, Lichfield, and Lincoln, as well as claiming the dioceses in the Northern Isles and Scotland which were in fact independent. Davuit Broun, Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III, p. 115 But the first three sees just mentioned were taken from York in 1072. In 1154 the suffragan sees of the Isle of Man and Orkney were transferred to the Norwegian archbishop of Nidaros (today's Trondheim), and in 1188 York finally accepted it had no authority over all of the Scottish dioceses except Whithorn, so that only the dioceses of Whithorn, Durham, and Carlisle remained to the archbishops as suffragan sees. Of these, Durham was practically independent, for the palatine bishops of that see were little short of sovereigns in their own jurisdiction. Sodor and Man were returned to York during the 14th century, to compensate for the loss of Whithorn to the Scottish Church.
Several of the archbishops of York held the ministerial office of Lord Chancellor of England and played some parts in affairs of state. As Peter Heylyn (1600–1662) wrote: "This see has yielded to the Church eight saints, to the Church of Rome three cardinals, to the realm of England twelve Lord Chancellors and two Lord Treasurers, and to the north of England two Lord Presidents." The bishopric's role was also complicated by continued conflict over primacy with the see of Canterbury.
===English Reformation===
At the time of the English Reformation, York possessed three suffragan sees, Durham, Carlisle, and Sodor and Man, to which during the brief space of Queen Mary I's reign (1553–1558) may be added the Diocese of Chester, founded by Henry VIII, but subsequently recognised by the Pope.
Until the mid 1530s (and from 1553 to 1558) the bishops and archbishops were Catholics in communion with the pope in Rome. This is no longer the case, as the archbishop of York, together with the rest of the Church of England, is a member of the Anglican Communion.
Walter de Grey purchased York Place as his London residence, which after the fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, was renamed the Palace of Whitehall.
==Styles and privileges==
The archbishop of York is an ex officio member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England (whereas the archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of All England); he is referred to as "The Most Reverend", retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". As archbishops are, by convention, appointed to the Privy Council they may, therefore, also use the style of "The Right Honourable" for life (unless they are later removed from the council). In debates in the House of Lords, the archbishop is referred to as "The Most Reverend Primate, the archbishop of York". "The Right Honourable" is not used in this instance. He may also be formally addressed as "Your Grace"—or, more often these days, simply as "archbishop", or "Father".
The surname of the archbishop of York is not always used in formal documents; often only the first name and see are mentioned. The archbishop is legally entitled to sign his name as "Ebor" (from the Latin for York). The right to use a title as a legal signature is only permitted to bishops, peers of the Realm and peers by courtesy. The current archbishop of York usually signs as "+Stephen Ebor".
In the English and Welsh order of precedence, the archbishop of York is ranked above all individuals in the realm, with the exception of the sovereign and members of the royal family, the archbishop of Canterbury and the lord chancellor.Whitaker's Almanack, 2008 – (Precedence, England and Wales) Immediately below him is the prime minister and then the lord president of the council.
==Present==
The archbishop of York is the metropolitan bishop of the province of York and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the archbishop of Canterbury., Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 224, and 281–284. The See is currently occupied by Stephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020.
The Province of York includes 10 Anglican dioceses in Northern England: Blackburn, Carlisle, Chester, Durham, Liverpool, Manchester, 
Newcastle, Sheffield, Leeds, and York, 
as well as 2 other dioceses: Southwell and Nottingham in the Midlands and Sodor and Man covering the Isle of Man.
==List of archbishops==
===Pre-Conquest===
Bishops of York 	Bishops of York 	Bishops of York 	Bishops of York
From 	Until 	Incumbent 	Notes
625 	633 	Paulinus 	Formerly a monk at St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome; translated to Rochester; canonised.St. Paulinus, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
633 	664 	See vacant 	See vacant
664 	669 	Chad 	Resigned the see of York; later became bishop of Mercia and Lindsey; canonised.
664 	678 	Wilfrid (I) 	Ejected from York; later became bishop of Selseycanonised.
678 	706 	Bosa 	Canonised.
706 	714 	John of Beverley 	Translated from Hexham; resigned the see; canonised in 1037.
714 	732 	Wilfrid II 	Resigned the see; canonised.
 	735 	Ecgbert 	York elevated to archbishopric in 735.
Pre-Conquest archbishops of York 	Pre-Conquest archbishops of York 	Pre-Conquest archbishops of York 	Pre-Conquest archbishops of York
From 	Until 	Incumbent 	Notes
735 	766 	Ecgbert 	York elevated to archbishopric in 735.
 	 	Æthelbert 	Also known as Æthelbeorht, Adalberht, Ælberht, Aelberht, Aldbert or Æthelbert.
 	796 	Eanbald (I) 	
796 	 	Eanbald (II) 	
 	 	Wulfsige 	
837 	854 	Wigmund 	
854 	 	Wulfhere 	Fled the Danes in 872, returned in 873.
900 	 	Æthelbald 	Sometimes known as Æthelbeald, Athelbald, or Ethelbald.
 	931 	Hrotheweard 	Sometimes known as Lodeward.
931 	956 	Wulfstan (I) 	
 	971 	Oscytel 	Also known as Oscytel. Translated from Dorchester.
971 	971 	Edwald 	Also known as Edwaldus or Ethelwold.
971 	992 	Oswald 	Held both the sees of York and Worcester; canonised.
995 	1002 	Ealdwulf 	Held both the sees of York and Worcester.
1002 	1023 	Wulfstan (II) 	Also known as Lupus. Also held the see of Worcester (1002–1016).
1023 	1051 	Ælfric Puttoc 	Also held the see of Worcester (1040–1041).
1051 	1060 	Cynesige 	Also known as Kynsige.
1061 	1069 	Ealdred 	Also known as Aldred. Held the see of Worcester 1046–1061, of Hereford 1056–1060, and of York 1061–1069.
Footnote(s): and Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.	Footnote(s): and Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.	Footnote(s): and Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.	Footnote(s): and Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.
===Conquest to Reformation===
Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation) 	Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation) 	Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation) 	Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation)
From 	Until 	Incumbent 	Notes
1070 	1100 	Thomas of Bayeux 	Also known as Thomas (I).
1100 	1108 	Gerard 	Translated from Hereford.
1109 	1114 	Thomas (II) 	
1119 	1140 	Thurstan 	He was elected in 1114, but was not consecrated until 1119.
1140 	1140 	Waltheof of Melrose 	Nominated archbishop, but was quashed by King Stephen; later became Abbot of Melrose.
1140 	1140 	60px Henry de Sully 	Abbot of Fécamp Abbey. Nominated archbishop, but was quashed by Pope Innocent II.
1143 	1147 	William (FitzHerbert) 	Deposed by Pope Eugene III; canonised in 1226.
1147 	1147 	Hilary of Chichester 	Deposed by Pope Eugene III, elected bishop of Chichester.
1147 	1153 	Henry Murdac 	Formerly Abbot of Fountains Abbey.
1153 	1154 	William (FitzHerbert) (again) 	Restored by Pope Anastasius IV; canonised in 1226.
1154 	1181 	Roger de Pont L'Évêque 	Formerly archdeacon of Canterbury.
1191 	1212 	Geoffrey (Plantagenet) 	Formerly bishop-elect of Lincoln; elected archbishop in 1189, but was only consecrated in 1191.
1215 	1215 	Simon Langton 	Elected archbishop of York in June 1215, but was quashed on 20 August 1215 by Pope Innocent III on request from King John; later became archdeacon of Canterbury.
1216 	1255 	Walter de Gray 	Translated from Worcester.
1256 	1258 	Sewal de Bovil 	Formerly Dean of York.
1258 	1265 	Godfrey Ludham 	Also known as Godfrey Kineton. Formerly Dean of York.
1265 	1265 	William Langton 	Dean of York (1262–1279); elected archbishop in March 1265, but was quashed in November 1265.William de Langeton alias of Rotherfield . Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
1265 	1266 	Bonaventure 	Selected as archbishop in November 1265, but never consecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266.
1266 	1279 	Walter Giffard 	Translated from Bath and Wells.
1279 	1285 	William de Wickwane 	
1286 	1296 	John le Romeyn 	Also known as John Romanus.
1298 	1299 	Henry of Newark 	Formerly Dean of York.
1300 	1304 	Thomas of Corbridge 	
1306 	1315 	William Greenfield 	Formerly Dean of Chichester
1317 	1340 	William Melton 	
1342 	1352 	William Zouche 	Also known as William de la Zouche.
1353 	1373 	Cardinal John of Thoresby 	Translated from Worcester; created a Cardinal in 1361.John Cardinal Thoresby. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
1374 	1388 	Alexander Neville 	Translated to St Andrews in 1388.
1388 	1396 	Thomas Arundel 	Translated from Ely; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1397 	1398 	Robert Waldby 	Translated from Chichester.
1398 	1398 	Walter Skirlaw 	Bishop of Durham, elected but put aside by King Richard II.
1398 	1405 	Richard le Scrope 	Translated from Lichfield.
1405 	1406 	Thomas Langley 	Elected archbishop in August 1405, but was quashed in May 1406.
1406 	1407 	Robert Hallam 	Nominated archbishop in May 1406 by Pope Innocent VII, but was vetoed by King Henry IV.
1407 	1423 	Henry Bowet 	Translated from Bath and Wells.
1423 	1424 	Philip Morgan 	Elected archbishop in 1423, but was quashed in 1424.
1424 	1425 	Richard Fleming 	Conferred as archbishop by Pope Martin V, but was refused by King Henry V, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425.
1426 	1452 	Cardinal John Kemp 	Translated from London; created a Cardinal in 1439;John Cardinal Kempe. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008. translated to Canterbury.
1452 	1464 	William Booth 	Translated from Lichfield.
1465 	1476 	George Neville 	Translated from Exeter.
1476 	1480 	Lawrence Booth 	Translated from Durham.
1480 	1500 	Thomas Rotherham 	Translated from Lincoln.
1501 	1507 	Thomas Savage 	Translated from London.
1508 	1514 	Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge 	Translated from Durham; created a Cardinal in 1511.Christopher Cardinal Bainbridge. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
1514 	1530 	Cardinal Thomas Wolsey 	Translated from Lincoln in 1514; created a Cardinal in 1515;Thomas Cardinal Wolsey. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008. held with Bath and Wells 1518–23, Durham 1523–29 and Winchester 1529–30.
Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.	Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.	Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.	Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.
===Post-Reformation===
Post-Reformation archbishops of York 	Post-Reformation archbishops of York 	Post-Reformation archbishops of York 	Post-Reformation archbishops of York
From 	Until 	Incumbent 	Notes
1531 	1544 	Edward Lee 	Translated from St Davids.
1545 	1554 	Robert Holgate 	Translated from Llandaff.
1555 	1559 	Nicholas Heath 	Translated from Worcester.
1561 	1568 	Thomas Young 	Translated from St Davids.
1570 	1576 	Edmund Grindal 	Translated from London; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1577 	1588 	Edwin Sandys 	Translated from London.
1589 	1594 	John Piers 	Translated from Salisbury.
1595 	1606 	Matthew Hutton 	Translated from Durham.
1606 	1628 	Tobias Matthew 	Translated from Durham.
1628 	1628 	George Montaigne 	Translated from Durham.
1629 	1631 	Samuel Harsnett 	Translated from Norwich.
1632 	1640 	Richard Neile 	Translated from Winchester.
1641 	1646 	John Williams 	Translated from Lincoln. Deprived when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament. Died 1650.
1646 	1660 	The see was abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. 	The see was abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate.
1660 	1664 	Accepted Frewen 	Translated from Lichfield.
1664 	1683 	Richard Sterne 	Translated from Carlisle.
1683 	1686 	John Dolben 	Translated from Rochester.
1688 	1691 	Thomas Lamplugh 	Translated from Exeter.
1691 	1714 	John Sharp 	Formerly Dean of Canterbury.
1714 	1724 	Sir William Dawes, Bt. 	Translated from Chester.
1724 	1743 	Lancelot Blackburne 	Translated from Exeter.
1743 	1747 	Thomas Herring 	Translated from Bangor; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1747 	1757 	Matthew Hutton 	Translated from Bangor; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1757 	1761 	John Gilbert 	Translated from Salisbury.
1761 	1776 	Robert Hay Drummond 	Translated from Salisbury.
1776 	1807 	William Markham 	Translated from Chester.
1808 	1847 	Edward Venables-Vernon 	Translated from Carlisle. Surname changed from Venables-Vernon to Venables-Vernon-Harcourt in 1831.
1847 	1860 	Thomas Musgrave 	Translated from Hereford.
1860 	1862 	Charles Longley 	Translated from Durham; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1862 	1890 	William Thomson 	Translated from Gloucester.
1891 	1891 	William Connor Magee 	Translated from Peterborough.
1891 	1908 	William Maclagan 	Translated from Lichfield.
1909 	1928 	Cosmo Gordon Lang 	Translated from Stepney; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1929 	1942 	William Temple 	Translated from Manchester; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1942 	1955 	Cyril Garbett 	Translated from Winchester.
1956 	1961 	Michael Ramsey 	Translated from Durham; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1961 	1974 	Donald Coggan 	Translated from Bradford; afterwards translated to Canterbury.
1975 	1983 	Stuart Blanch 	Translated from Liverpool.
1983 	1995 	John Habgood 	Translated from Durham.
1995 	2005 	David Hope 	Translated from London.
2005 	2020 	John SentamuThe Archbishop of York . The official website of John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 21 November 2008. 	Translated from Birmingham; retired 7 June 2020.
2020 	present 	Stephen Cottrell 	Translated from Chelmsford; election confirmed 9 July 2020.
Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.	Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.	Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.	Source(s):, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.
==Archbishops who became peers==
From 1660 to 1900, all the archbishops of York died in office or were translated to Canterbury and died in that office.
William Maclagan was the first to voluntarily resign his office in 1908, two years before his death. All of his successors who were not translated to Canterbury have also resigned their office before death, and (like all archbishops of Canterbury) have been offered a peerage upon resignation. 
Archbishop 	Title 	Notes 	Notes
Cosmo Gordon Lang	Baron Lang of Lambeth in 1942 	Extinct in 1945 	as archbishop of Canterbury
Michael Ramsey 	Baron Ramsey of Canterbury for life in 1974	Extinct in 1988 	as archbishop of Canterbury
Donald Coggan 	Baron Coggan for life in 1980 	Extinct in 2000 	as archbishop of Canterbury
Stuart Blanch 	Baron Blanch for life in 1983 	Extinct in 1994 	Extinct in 1994
John Habgood 	Baron Habgood for life in 1995 	Retired from the House in 2011; extinct in 2019	Retired from the House in 2011; extinct in 2019
David Hope 	Baron Hope of Thornes for life in 2005 	Retired from the House in 2015; extant 	Retired from the House in 2015; extant
John Sentamu 	Baron Sentamu for life in 2021 	Extant 	Extant
==Assistant bishops==
Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:
*1929–1931 (res.): Bernard Heywood—overseeing the archdeaconry of the East Riding—former bishop of Southwell; became bishop suffragan of Hull (i.e., effectively the same role) and archdeacon of the East Riding
*1964–1970 (ret.): Mervyn Armstrong, adviser on industry to the archbishop of York and former bishop of Jarrow
*1969–1996 (d.): George Cockin, Rector of Bainton (until 1978) and former bishop of Owerri. George Eyles Irwin Cockin (15 August 190818 November 1996) was an Irish missionary in Nigeria. Educated at Repton and Leeds University, he was a Tutor at St Paul's College, Awka (1933–40) and then a Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria (1940–52) before training for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. He was made deacon in 1953, ordained priest in 1954 and served his title (curacy) in Kimberworth until 1955. He then returned to Nigeria as Senior Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria until 1958; during which time he was also additionally made a Canon of All Saints Cathedral, Onitsha (Diocese on the Niger), 1957. He was elected the first bishop of Owerri in 1959 and served until his resignation in 1969. He was consecrated a bishop on 27 January 1959 by James Horstead, archbishop of West Africa and bishop of Sierra Leone.
*1977–1994 (d.): Richard Wimbush, priest-in-charge of Etton with Dalton Holme (until 1983) and former bishop of Argyll and the Isles and Primus
==See also==
*Accord of Winchester
==Footnotes==
== References ==
=== Citations ===
=== Sources ===
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==Further reading==
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==External links==
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