Papal conclave, 1431

Papal conclave 1431 (March 2 – March 3, 1431) convened after the death of Pope Martin V, elected as his successor cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name Eugene IV. It was the first papal conclave held after the end of the Great Western Schism.
==List of participants==
Pope Martin V died on February 20, 1431. At the time of his death, there were 22 living cardinals, but only 19 were considered to be valid electors. 13 of them participated in the conclave:
Elector 	Nationality 	Cardinalatial Title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	Notes
Giordano Orsini 	Roman 	Bishop of Albano 	1405, June 12 	Pope Innocent VII 	Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Grand penitentiary; Cardinal-protector of the Order of Franciscans
Antonio Correr, O.C.R.S.A. 	Venetian 	Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina 	1408, May 9 	Pope Gregory XII (Cardinal-nephew)	Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica
Antonio Panciera 	Friuli 	Priest of S. Susanna 	1411, June 6 	Antipope John XXIII 	Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Administrator of the suburbicarian see of Frascati
Gabriel Condulmer, O.C.R.S.A. (elected Pope Eugene IV)	Venetian 	Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere 	1408, May 9 	Pope Gregory XII (Cardinal-nephew)	
Alfonso Carillo de Albornoz 	Castilian 	Priest of SS. IV Coronati 	1408, September 22 	Antipope Benedict XIII 	Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica; Administrator of Osma and of Sigüenza
Branda Castiglione 	Duchy of Milan	Priest of S. Clemente 	1411, June 6 	Antipope John XXIII 	
Jean de La Rochetaillée 	French 	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Rouen and of Besançon; Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica; Cardinal-protector of the Order of Carmelites
Antonio Cassini 	Siena 	Priest of S. Marcello 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Grosseto
Niccolo Albergati, O.Carth. 	Bolognese 	Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Bologna
Lucido Conti 	Roman 	Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin 	1411, June 6 	Antipope John XXIII 	Protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Cardinal-protector of the Teutonic Order; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Ardicino della Porta 	Duchy of Milan	Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	
Prospero Colonna 	Roman 	Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro 	1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430	Pope Martin V (Cardinal-nephew) 	
Giuliano Cesarini 	Roman 	Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria 	1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430	Pope Martin V 	
The Council of Constance confirmed the cardinalatial creations of the all three obediences of the time of Schism. Six participants were creatures of Pope Martin V, three – of "Pisan" Antipope John XXIII, two of "Roman" Pope Gregory XII, one by "Roman" Pope Innocent VII and one of Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon.
==Absentee==
Six electors did not participate in this conclave:
Elector 	Nationality 	Cardinalatial Title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	Notes
Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. 	French 	Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio	September, 1414 	Antipope John XXIII	Legate in Avignon; administrator of Comminges
Domingo Ram, O.C.R.S.A. 	Catalonian 	Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo 	1423, July 23, published on November 8, 1430	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Lerida
Louis Aleman, O.C.R.S.J. 	French 	Priest of S. Cecilia 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Arles
Henry Beaufort 	English 	Priest of S. Eusebio 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Winchester; legate a latere in England
Juan de Cervantes 	Castilian 	Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Tui
Hugues Lancelot de Lusignan	Kingdom of Cyprus	Deacon of S. Adriano 	1426, May 24 	Pope Martin V 	Administrator of Nicosia
All the absentee electors were created by Martin V, except Pierre de Foix, who was elevated by Pisan Antipope John XXIII.
==Non-electors==
Pope Martin V initiated the custom of creating cardinals without publishing their names at the time (in pectore). Three cardinals created in this way were not allowed to participate in this conclave, because their names had not been published before the death of Martin V (Casanova and de Montfort), or some necessary rites had not been accomplished (Capranica):
Elector 	Nationality 	Cardinalatial Title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	Notes
Juan Casanova, O.P. 	Catalonian 	Priest of S. Sisto 	November 8, 1430, not published 	Pope Martin V	Administrator of Elne
Guillaume Ragenel de Montfort	French 	Priest [no title assigned] 	1430, November 8, not published 	Pope Martin V	Bishop of Saint-Malo
Domenico Capranica 	Capranica Prenestina, Papal States	Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata	1423, July 23, published on November 8, 1430, but without finishing the rite of his investiture as cardinal	Pope Martin V	Administrator of Fermo; Governor of Perugia and of the Duchy of Spoleto
==The election of Pope Eugene IV==
On March 2 all cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Initially, the electors prepared and subscribed the conclave capitulation. The terms of the capitulation were following:
•	Half of papal revenue was to be shared with the College of Cardinals
•	No major issues were to be decided without the consent of the College
The first scrutiny took place on the following day and ended with unanimous election of Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name of Eugene IV. On March 11 he was solmenly crowned in the steps of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Lucido Conti, protodeacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin.
==Sources==
*Salvador Miranda: list of participants of the papal conclave of 1431
*Francis Burkle-Young “Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Eugenius IV
1431
Category:1431 elections
Category:15th-century Roman Catholicism
Category:15th century in Europe
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