MED2031 Anatomy - Abdomen

== Anterior Abdominal Wall ==
Sources:
* Lecture03-01-P17 - Anterior abdominal wall and scrotum.pdf
=== Anatomical significance ===
* Flexibility: can expand and contract to accommodate changes in internal contents;
* Helps expel faeces, flatus, foetus (and vomit);
* Acts as an accessory muscle of respiration;
* Underlying structures are palpable.
=== Dividing the abdomen ===
* Nine-region model:
** Vertical lines are formed by mid-clavicular lines on both sides.
** Horizontal lines are formed superiorly by a line below the costal margins, and inferiorly by a line between the iliac crests.
* Four-quadrant model:
** Vertical line is formed by the median plane.
** Horizontal line is formed by the umbilical plane.
** Umbilicus is at the intersection of the two lines.