Italy (Chaos)

== Disunited ==
Since the fall of Rome, Italy had been disunited; for some while, there had been a kingdom of Italy, which was part of , but even that fell apart. Before 1688, the history of Italy was thus mostly that of several states: , and in the north, the in the center, and in the south. Before 1435, many more states (like , , Pisa and Milan) also existed, but were mopped up in the first third of the 15th century due to the plan of . Around this time, the also invaded Italy and swallowed Naples and to the horror of all Christians, the Papal States with too. Later, they were expelled again during several wars.
There were some shortlived states too, like the protectorate of the , , .
== The new kingdom of Italy ==
The king had married Condolcessa, the daughter of the last grand duke of Florence. When died in 1688, the two states were united to form the united Italy. The successful enlarged the kingdom with , and in the 1694.
== Part of ==