Animal rights and the Holocaust

Several writers, including Jewish Nobel Prize laureate Isaac Bashevitz Singer, and animal rights groups have drawn a comparison between the treatment of animals and the Holocaust.Patterson, Charles. Eternal Treblinka, Lantern Books, 2002. The comparison is regarded as controversial, and has been criticized by organizations that campaign against antisemitism, including the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.Willoughby, Brian. "PETA Turns Holocaust into Pig Pen", Tolerance.org, a webproject of the Southern Poverty Law Center, March 7, 2003, retrieved August 17, 2006.
Singer described the treatment of animals by humans as "an eternal Treblinka." J.M. Coetzee, also a Nobel laureate in literature, compared the Nazis' treatment of Jews to methods used by the meat industry to herd and slaughter cattle.Coetzee, J.M. Exposing the beast: factory farming must be called to the slaughterhouse, The Sydney Morning Herald,
February 22, 2007. Retrieved on February 25, 2007. The comparison began immediately after the end of World War II, when Jewish writers recounted the lack of resistance by European Jewish victims of the Holocaust, who were led to their death as "sheep to slaughter."Sicher, Efraim, "Breaking crystal: writing and memory after Auschwitz", pp. 41, 98, 99, 121, etc., University of Illinois Press, 1998 The ADL argues, however, that the subsequent use of Holocaust imagery by animal rights activists is a "disturbing development.""Holocaust Imagery and Animal Rights", Anti-Defamation League, August 2, 2005, retrieved August 17, 2006.
Roberta Kalechofsky of Jews for Animal Rights, in her essay Animal Suffering and the Holocaust: The Problem with Comparisons, argues that, although there is "connective tissue" between animal suffering and the Holocaust, they "fall into different historical frameworks, and comparison between them aborts the ... force of anti-Semitism."Kalechofsky, Roberta. Animal Suffering and the Holocaust: The Problem with Comparisons, Micah Publications, 2003, last accessed November 3, 2009. She has also written that she "agree[s] with I.B. Singer's statement, that 'every day is Treblinka for the animals'," but concludes that "some agonies are too total to be compared with other agonies."
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==Comparisons==
Jewish author Isaac Bashevis Singer, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978, made the comparison in several of his stories, including Enemies, A Love Story, The Penitent, and The Letter Writer. In The Letter Writer the protagonist says: "In relation to [animals], all people are Nazis; for the animals, it is an eternal Treblinka."Patterson, Charles (2002). Eternal Treblinka, Lantern Books, pp. 181-188.
In The Penitent the protagonist says "when it comes to animals, every man is a Nazi."Singer, Isaac Bashevis (1983). The Penitent, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, p. 39.
J.M. Coetzee, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2003, invoked the image of the slaughterhouse in describing the Nazi's treatment of Jews: "... in the 20th century, a group of powerful and bloody-minded men in Germany hit on the idea of adapting the methods of the industrial stockyard, as pioneered and perfected in Chicago, to the slaughter — or what they preferred to call the processing — of human beings."Coetzee, J.M. Exposing the beast: factory farming must be called to the slaughterhouse, The Sydney Morning Herald,
February 22, 2007. Retrieved on February 25, 2007.
The ADL lists a number of animal rights groups that have made the comparison. The magazine No Compromise introduced the Animal Liberation Front with the words: "If we are trespassing, so were the soldiers who broke down the gates of Hitler's death camps; If we are thieves, so were the members of the Underground Railroad who freed the slaves of the South; And if we are vandals, so were those who destroyed Forever the gas chambers of Buchenwald and Auschwitz.""Holocaust Imagery and Animal Rights", Anti-Defamation League, August 2, 2005, retrieved August 17, 2006.
In 2001, Meat.org included an "Animal Holocaust" section containing photographs of animals with captions such as "Holocaust Victim," arguing that it's "easy to see the resemblance of the systematic destruction and slaughter of over six million Jews by the Nazis before and during World War II and the over 20 million animals that are executed every day in America alone. Many of the Jews of the Holocaust were transported to concentration camps in cattle cars to their death. The concentration camps very much resemble the common slaughterhouses of today."
The Consistency in Compassion Campaign (CCC), a project of the Northwest Animal Rights Network of Seattle, Washington, argues that "the Holocaust stands for much more than the one event. It represents a place and time when supremacist thinking was so embedded in a culture that they were blind or apathetic to the evil that existed in their everyday world. This kind of thinking is not exclusive to just that time and place. The great blind spot of our country and Western Civilization for that matter is the mistreatment and disregard for non-human animals in nearly every capacity."
==PETA and the use of Holocaust imagery==
Ingrid Newkirk, the president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), has herself made the comparison unambiguously, saying: "Six million Jews died in concentration camps, but six billion broiler chickens will die this year in slaughterhouses."Shafran, Avi. "This time PETA's guilty of missing the point", j., May 20, 2005.
PETA has twice used Holocaust imagery in its campaigns. In July 2003, a PETA television public service announcement called "They came for us at night," aired on U.S. cable networks, narrated by a man describing what it felt like to be transported without food or water."They came for us at night", PETAtv.com, retrieved August 17, 2006.
In the same year, PETA's "Holocaust on your Plate" exhibition consisted of eight panels, each juxtaposing images of the Holocaust with images of factory-farmed animals. Photographs of concentration camp inmates were displayed next to photographs of battery chickens, and piled bodies of Holocaust victims next to a pile of pig carcasses. Captions alleged that "like the Jews murdered in concentration camps, animals are terrorized when they are housed in huge filthy warehouses and rounded up for shipment to slaughter. The leather sofa and handbag are the moral equivalent of the lampshades made from the skins of people killed in the death camps."Smith, Wesley J. "PETA to cannibals: Don't let them eat steak", San Francisco Chronicle, December 21, 2003.
The exhibition was funded by an anonymous Jewish philanthropist,Teather, David. "'Holocaust on a plate' angers US Jews", The Guardian, March 3, 2003. and created by Matt Prescott, who lost several relatives in the Holocaust. Prescott said: "The very same mindset that made the Holocaust possible - that we can do anything we want to those we decide are 'different or inferior' - is what allows us to commit atrocities against animals every single day. ... The fact is, all animals feel pain, fear and loneliness. We're asking people to recognize that what Jews and others went through in the Holocaust is what animals go through every day in factory farms."
Abraham Foxman, chairman of the ADL, said the exhibition was "outrageous, offensive and takes chutzpah to new heights ... The effort by PETA to compare the deliberate systematic murder of millions of Jews to the issue of animal rights is abhorrent." Stuart Bender, legal counsel for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, wrote to PETA asking them to "cease and desist this reprehensible misuse of Holocaust materials." There were also differing opinions within the animal rights movement. Roberta Kalechofsky wrote: "While I sympathize with PETA's aim—and am a member of PETA—I objected to this use of the Holocaust... The agony of animals arises from different causes from those of the Holocaust. Human beings do not hate animals. They do not eat them because they hate them. They do not experiment on them because they hate them, they do not hunt them because they hate them. These were the motives for the Holocaust. Human beings have no ideological or theological conflict with animals."
In 2005, Newkirk apologized for the pain the campaign had caused some people, while defending the goals of the campaign, writing:
The Guardian subsequently reported, however, that "the appeal has done little to calm the fury of Jewish groups." The campaign was also banned in Germany for making the Holocaust seem "insignificant and banal", to which Peter Singer, the noted animal rights advocate and writer, and a descendant of Holocaust survivors, replied by noting that "... if Peta is not allowed to state its case against our abuse of animals in the way that they judge best ... then criticism of religion could also be prohibited on the same grounds."http://www.20min.ch/news/kreuz_und_quer/story/Tierschuetzern-wird-Holocaust-Vergleich-verboten-22626755
==See also==
Animal welfare in Nazi Germany
==Notes==
== Further reading ==
* Animals, My Bretheren by Edgar Kupfer-Koberwitz
Category:Animal rights
Category:Comparisons to Nazism and the Holocaust
Category:Jews and Judaism-related controversies
Category:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Category:Anti-Defamation League
fr:Droits des animaux et Shoah