Niccolò de Romanis

Niccolò de Romanisalso Nicola de Romanis or Nicholas de Romanis; Nicholas of Tusculum. According to W. Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, Vienna 1984, p. 147, the familiar denomination de Romanis is not attested in the contemporary sources, but appears for the first time in 17th century. (died 1219) was an Italian cardinal and Papal legate. He was Bishop of Frascati from either 1204W. Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, Vienna 1984, p. 61 and 147 or 1205The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church and Grand penitentiary. He was closely associated with Pope Honorius III as administrator and diplomat. Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1211.
==Legate to England==
In 1207, Pope Innocent III placed the kingdom of England under an Interdict as the result of actions taken by King John (1199-1215) culminating in a debate over the appointment for a successor to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Interdict would stand until 1213 when John finally accepted Innocent's choice of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. Nicholas acted as Innocent's main negotiator throughout the Interdict, arriving in September 1213 in order to settle its lifting.History TimelinesJohn Clare Moore, Pope Innocent 3rd 1160/61-1216: To Root Up and to Plant (2005), p. 215.
He deposed the corrupt Roger Norreys at Evesham Abbey,David Knowles, The Monastic Order in England (2nd edition 1963), p. 342. and finally at Penwortham Abbey.The priory of Penwortham, British History Online He also intervened at Bardney Abbey to depose the abbot,The abbey of Bardney, British History Online; Knowles p. 653. and put out Ralph de Arundel, abbot of Westminster.
He attempted to mediate between John and his barons, taking up the issue of sheriffs,William Sharp McKechnie, Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John, with an Historical Introduction and trying to fulfil his papal brief to calm factions.W. L. Warren, King John (second edition 1978), p. 215.
===At Oxford===
During the time the Interdict was in effect, a scholar at Oxford was accused in 1209 of raping a woman. When the burghers couldn't find the scholar, they hanged three of his friends in retaliation for his crime. The school at Oxford protested by abandoning the city and scattering to other schools throughout England, possibly setting up a facility in Cambridge.
On October 1, 1213, while Nicholas de Romanis was working to bring about the end of the Interdict, the citizens of Oxford sent him a letter asking him to resolve their problems with the scholars who had taught there. de Romanis agreed to help, visiting the city twice, in November 1213 and May 1214. On June 20, 1214, de Romanis's actions resulted in the issuance of the Charter for the University of Oxford.David L. Sheffler, An Early Oxford Riot: Oseney Abbey, 1238, p. 2
Among other items, the citizens agreed to charge fixed rates for student housing and food, an annual payment to the school, the right of the school to judge anyone associated with the school and the creation of a Chancellor for the University.
==Notes==
==External links==
* Biography
Category:1219 deaths
Category:Italian cardinals
Category:Cardinal-bishops of Frascati
Category:Diplomats of the Holy See
Category:Deans of the College of Cardinals
Category:Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary
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