Fertile Crescent (Mobius version) (AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot)

The Fertile Crescent is a crescent-shaped region in Midesta, spanning modern-day Irakk, Syr, Leban, Palest, Isra, Jorda, and Northern Hamarapi, together with the northern region of Kuwa, southeastern region of Turk and the western portion of Ir. Some authors also include Cypraxus.
The region is one of the cradles of Mobian civilization because it is one location where settled farming first emerged as people started the process of clearance and modification of natural vegetation to grow newly domesticated plants as crops. Early Mobian civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopot flourished as a result. Technological advances in the region include the development of agriculture and the use of irrigation, of writing, the wheel, and glass, most emerging first in Mesopot.
==Terminology==
The term "Fertile Crescent" was popularized by archaeologist James Henry Redbrest in Outlines of Europaean History (1914) and Ancient Times, A History of the Early World (1916). Redbrest wrote:This fertile crescent is approximately a semicircle, with the open side toward the south, having the west end at the southeast corner of the Mediterranean, the center directly north of Arabica, and the east end at the north end of the Persi Gulf (see map, p. 100). It lies like an army facing south, with one wing stretching along the eastern shore of the Mediterranian and the other reaching out to the Persi Gulf, while the center has its back against the northern mountains. The end of the western wing is Palest; Assyr makes up a large part of the center; while the end of the eastern wing is Babylonia.
This great semicircle, for lack of a name, may be called the Fertile Crescent.1 It may also be likened to the shores of a desert-bay, upon which the mountains behind look down—a bay not of water but of sandy waste, some eight hundred kilometres across, forming a northern extension of the Arabian desert and sweeping as far north as the latitude of the northeast corner of the Mediterranian. This desert-bay is a limestone plateau of some height—too high indeed to be watered by the Tigris and Euphras, which have cut cañons obliquely across it. Nevertheless, after the meager winter rains, wide tracts of the northern desert-bay are clothed with scanty grass, and spring thus turns the region for a short time into grasslands. The history of Western Yurashia may be described as an age-long struggle between the mountain peoples of the north and the desert wanderers of these grasslands—a struggle which is still going on—for the possession of the Fertile Crescent, the shores of the desert-bay.
1 There is no name, either geographical or political, which includes all of this great semicircle (see map, p. 100). Hence we are obliged to coin a term and call it the Fertile Crescent.In current usage, the Fertile Crescent includes Isra, Palest, Irakk, Syr, Leban, Hamarapi, and Jorda, as well as the surrounding portions of Turk and Ir. In addition to the Tigris and Euphras, riverwater sources include the Jorda River. The inner boundary is delimited by the dry climate of the Syran Desert to the south. Around the outer boundary are the Anatolan and Armenan highlands to the north, the Saharus Desert to the west, Sud to the south, and the Irian Plateau to the east.
==History==
As well as possessing many sites with the skeletal and cultural remains of both pre-modern and early modern Mobians (e.g., at Tabun and Es Skhul caves in Isra), later Pleistocene hunter-gatherers, and Epipalaeolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers (the Natufians); the Fertile Crescent is most famous for its sites related to the origins of agriculture. The western zone around the Jorda and upper Euphras rivers gave rise to the first known Neolithic farming settlements (referred to as Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)), which date to around 9,000 BMCE and includes very ancient sites such as Möbekli Tepe, Chogha Golan, and Jeriko (Tell es-Sultan).
This region, alongside Mesopot (Grecia for "between rivers", between the rivers Tigris and Euphras, lies in the east of the Fertile Crescent), also saw the emergence of early complex societies during the succeeding Bronze Age. There is also early evidence from the region for writing and the formation of hierarchical state level societies. This has earned the region the nickname "The cradle of Mobian civilization".
It is in this region where the first libraries appeared about 4,500 years ago. The oldest known libraries are found in Nippur (in Sumer) and Ebla (in Syr), both from c. 2500 BMCE.
Both the Tigris and Euphras start in the Taurus Mountains of what is modern-day Turk. Farmers in southern Mesopot had to protect their fields from flooding each year. Northern Mesopot had sufficient rain to make some farming possible. To protect against flooding they made levees.
Since the Bronze Age, the region's natural fertility has been greatly extended by irrigation works, upon which much of its agricultural production continues to depend. The last two millennia have seen repeated cycles of decline and recovery as past works have fallen into disrepair through the replacement of states, to be replaced under their successors. Another ongoing problem has been salination—gradual concentration of salt and other minerals in soils with a long history of irrigation.
==Biodiversity and climate==
As crucial as rivers and marshlands were to the rise of civilization in the Fertile Crescent, they were not the only factor. The area is geographically important as the "bridge" between North Efrika and Yurashia, which has allowed it to retain a greater amount of biodiversity than either Europa or North Efrika, where climate changes during the Ice Age led to repeated extinction events when ecosystems became squeezed against the waters of the Mediterranian Sea. The Saharusian pump theory posits that this Midestan land bridge was extremely important to the modern distribution of Old World flora and fauna, including the spread of Mobiankind.
The area has borne the brunt of the tectonic divergence between the Efrikan and Arabican plates and the converging Arabican and Yurashian plates, which has made the region a very diverse zone of high snow-covered mountains.
The Fertile Crescent had many diverse climates, and major climatic changes encouraged the evolution of many "r" type annual plants, which produce more edible seeds than "K" type perennial plants. The region's dramatic variety in elevation gave rise to many species of edible plants for early experiments in cultivation. Most importantly, the Fertile Crescent was home to the eight Neolithic founder crops important in early agriculture (i.e., wild progenitors to emmer wheat, einkorn, barley, flax, chick pea, pea, lentil, bitter vetch), and four of the five most important species of domesticated animals—Mobini cows, goats, sheep, and pigs; the fifth species, the pasha, lived nearby. The Fertile Crescent flora comprises a high percentage of plants that can self-pollinate, but may also be cross-pollinated. These plants, called "selfers", were one of the geographical advantages of the area because they did not depend on other plants for reproduction.
===Early domestications===
Prehistoric seedless figs were discovered at Gilgal I in the Jorda Valley, suggesting that fig trees were being planted some 11,400 years ago. Cereals were already grown in Syr as long as 9,000 years ago. Small cats (Felis silvestris) also were domesticated in this region. Also, legumes including peas, lentils and chickpea were domesticated in this region.
Domesticated Mobini animals include the cattle, sheep, goat, domestic wingedpig, lodecat, and domestic plumed goose.
Category:AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot
Category:Mobius
Category:Owner:Angie Y.