1978 Italian Grand Prix

The 1978 Italian Grand Prix, otherwise officially known as the XLIX Gran Premio d'Italia, was the fourteenth round of the 1978 FIA Formula One World Championship, staged at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza on the 10 September 1978.'Italian GP, 1978', grandprix.com, (Inside F1 Inc., 2015), http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr311.html, (Accessed 10/09/2018) The race would see Mario Andretti secure his maiden World Championship crown with two races to spare, as teammate and rival Ronnie Peterson lost his life in a huge first lap incident.
Qualifying would see Andretti claim first blood in the latest round of "battle" between the two teammates, with Peterson unable to match his teammate's pace. Indeed, the all conquering Lotus 79s were not their usual selves around the formidably quick Monza circuit, for while Andretti would start from pole, Peterson would only manage fifth behind Gilles Villeneuve, Jean-Pierre Jabouille and Niki Lauda.
Unfortunately Peterson's demise would come as a result of a chaotic start, with the starter's lights flashing to green before the backmarkers had come to a stop in their grid slots. As such the entire field, bar Villeneuve, who shot off into the lead, and Andretti, found themselves in a mob, with a lot of minor contact which soon escalated.
The catalyst proved to be Riccardo Patrese, who forced his back onto the circuit with a touch on the back of James Hunt, which duly nudged the into Peterson's . Peterson's car immediately snapped sideways and destroyed itself in the barriers, catching fire as the rest of the field crunched in behind them.
Hunt and Clay Regazzoni managed to drag Peterson clear of the flames, although the Swede had severely broken legs. Vittorio Brambilla was also in bad shape having been knocked out by an errant wheel, while Hans-Joachim Stuck was feeling sick after his head had been struck by debris. A long delay followed, only for the restart to be delayed further when Jody Scheckter suffered a failure on the the pre-restart formation lap, destroying the barriers at Lesmo.
The race eventually restarted just after six o'clock in the evening, although in their eagerness to sprint clear both Villeneuve and Andretti jumped the start. Regardless, those two sped off to duel for victory, only to be slapped with a one minute time penalty after the race.
Andretti would have to fight hard to claim the lead, doing so on lap 35 before the race was stopped due to low-light at the end of lap 40. Their one minute penalties subsequently relegated them down to sixth and seventh, with Niki Lauda taking victory from John Watson and Carlos Reutemann instead.
Regardless, the result effectively made Andretti World Champion, for Peterson was set to be out for the rest of the season. Unfortunately complications after the Swede's initial surgery saw Peterson lapse into a coma overnight, before breathing his last breath in the early hours of the following morning.
==Background==
The European phase of the World Championship tour came to an end at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza, with the F1 circus arriving in early September to do battle.D.S.J., 'The 49th Italian Grand Prix: A hollow victory', motorsportmagazine.com, (Motor Sport, 01/10/1978), https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/october-1978/27/49th-italian-grand-prix, (Accessed 10/09/2018) The Autodromo was unchanged for the 1978 visit, with no further tweaks to the Rettifilo chicanes after their successful introduction in 1976. What would change was the entry list, with a bumper 33 driver strong list submitted, with a significant increase in local talent to bolster the field.
However, rising above that entry list would be a wave of rumours about the future of , whom had reportedly conducted a test at Le Castellet with a "wing car".D.S.J., 'Reflections in the Royal Park', motorsportmagazine.com, (Motor Sport, 01/10/1978), https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/october-1978/33/reflections-royal-park, (Accessed 10/09/2018) This new "Alfa-Alfa" had been tested by Vittorio Brambilla and Niki Lauda, and was set to appear for its debut in Monza, only for the project to be reportedly aborted after the Dutch Grand Prix. Naturally, the Italian fans whom believed the rumour arranged a protest in the Royal Park, with two targets in their sights.
Those targets were the aforementioned Lauda and Bernie Ecclestone, owner of the team. Indeed, the partisan Italians decided that it was the machinations of Ecclestone and "traitor" Lauda that had killed the "Alfa-Alfa" project, and duly made their thoughts known. The whole atmosphere across the weekend would be one of unrest, with countless posters attacking Ecclestone and Lauda for destroying Italian dreams.
As for Ecclestone and Lauda themselves they had no interest in what the Italian crowds were up to, or indeed in the event itself. Indeed, the two were instead evaluating the prospect of challenging the dominant team in , with Brabham-Alfa Romeo bringing along a number of minor updates. Yet, neither Lauda nor John Watson would use the updates, applied to the spare car, which were instead intended for the next Gordon Murray creation.
Elsewhere, the all conquering Lotus arrived having already been declared as the International Cup for Constructors Champions, and with Mario Andretti and Ronnie Peterson leading the Drivers' Championship. Furthermore, with Peterson repeatedly stating that he would stick to his "number two" contract, the title was already in Andretti's hands, despite the fact that Peterson arrived just nine points behind. As such, Lotus had decided to experiment with their compliment of cars, installing a new knob in Andretti's car to let the American racer fiddle with his brake balance on the go.
Ferrari were also unchanged heading into their home race, with Carlos Reutemann and Gilles Villeneuve hoping for better fortune at the tifosi's home track. Likewise, had no new parts for their duo of Didier Pironi and Patrick Depailler, although did know that they would have to find a new lead driver for 1979. Indeed, Depailler revealed that he had signed up to join Jacques Laffite at for 1979, with the latter set to drive alone in Monza in the French constructor's two engined JS9s.
There were changes afoot at , with Jochen Mass out of commission after a hefty accident testing their new D1 at Silverstone. His seat was handed to the recently acquired Michael Bleekemolen, who was making his Monza debut, while Harald Ertl was given the Dutchman's #10 car. That was a fortunate set of circumstances for the Austrian journalist, who had failed to qualify his semi-factory for the race earlier in the week.
Likewise, had had to bring in a new driver for the Italian Grand Prix, for Rupert Keegan was out with a sprained wrist, the worst of his injuries from his warm-up accident in Zandvoort. They duly hired the highest paying driver they could find to partner the "Monza Gorilla" Brambilla, resulting in the little known Carlo "Gimax" Franchi getting his F1 debut. The Italian racer was essentially just a club racer, who had never competed outside of his native Italy.
More Italian interest came at the team, with the eponymous Arturo letting veteran F2 racer Alberto Colombo take over the spare car. Unfortunately Colombo's third attempt at qualifying for a Grand Prix would end before it began, with the Italian failing to get through the pre-qualifying session ahead of the weekend. He was joined by Keke Rosberg in the Theodore Racing run , who had simply lacked straight line speed during the pre-qualifying session.
 also had an Italian at the wheel of one of their cars, with European Formula 2 Championship Champion Bruno Giacomelli again brought along as their third driver. He joined normal factory duo James Hunt and Patrick Tambay as before, with no changes made to the factory team's cars. There were also no changes made to their customers BS Fabrications' cars, although both Brett Lunger and Nelson Piquet would make it through pre-qualifying.
 entered their usual duo of Riccardo Patrese and Rolf Stommelen, but lost Stommelen's services ahead of the race weekend when the German racer failed to qualify once again. Their court rivals were in a better mood, with Clay Regazzoni and Hans-Joachim Stuck both using their new rear wing design. had also been busy applying pre-tested updates, with Jean-Pierre Jabouille's spare car getting the new intercooler design introduced in Austria.
 had their two newest creations available for the departing Jody Scheckter, with no news as to whom would replace the South African racer. Alan Jones, meanwhile, had just the single to play with, although his old FW06 was ready to race in the back of the team's trailer. Emerson Fittipaldi, meanwhile, had two cars to play with, and was in a buoyant mood having tested the latest creation in his native Brazil.
Completing the entry list were , with just Derek Daly to service once Ertl failed to qualify the Sachs Racing entry. Héctor Rebaque, meanwhile, successfully navigated the pre-qualifying session to get his two ex-factory Lotus 78s into the paddock, bringing the final entry tally to 30 for the 49th Italian Grand Prix.
Into the Championship standings and victory for Andretti in the Netherlands had ensured that the American ace had more than a race win's advantage over teammate Peterson, and made it impossible for anyone bar the Swede to overhaul his lead. Indeed, Peterson would likely need to win all three remaining races with Andretti failing to finish second in at least one of them to beat his teammate to the title. Behind, Lauda had moved to lead the fight to finish third, leaping ahead of Depailler and Reutemann.
In the International Cup for Constructors, however, the fight for the title was already over, Team Lotus-Ford Cosworth having claimed their second crown with their fourth one-two of the season. The Norfolk squad had left Zandvoort with almost double the number of points of closest challengers Brabham-Alfa Romeo, resigning their compatriots to a fight for second. Indeed, Brabham had Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth and Ferrari hot on their heels, with just eight points separating the trio with 27 still in play.
===Entry List===
The full entry list for the is outlined below:
No. 	Driver 	Entreat 	Constructor 	Chassis 	Engine 	Model 	Tyre
1 	Niki Lauda 	Parmalat Racing Team 	 	BT46 	 	115-12 3.0 F12 	
2 	John Watson 	Parmalat Racing Team 	 	BT46 	 	115-12 3.0 F12 	
3 	Didier Pironi 	Elf Team Tyrrell 	 	008 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
4 	Patrick Depailler 	Elf Team Tyrrell 	 	008 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
5 	Mario Andretti 	John Player Team Lotus 	 	79 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
6 	Ronnie Peterson 	John Player Team Lotus 	 	79 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
7 	James Hunt 	Marlboro Team McLaren 	 	M26 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
8 	Patrick Tambay 	Marlboro Team McLaren 	 	M26 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
9 	Michael Bleekemolen 	F&S Properties/ATS Racing Team 	 	HS1 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
10* 	Harald Ertl 	F&S Properties/ATS Racing Team 	 	HS1 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
11 	Carlos Reutemann 	Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC 	 	312T3 	 	015 3.0 F12 	
12 	Gilles Villeneuve 	Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC 	 	312T3 	 	015 3.0 F12 	
14 	Emerson Fittipaldi 	Fittipaldi Automotive 	 	F5A 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
15 	Jean-Pierre Jabouille 	Equipe Renault Elf 	 	RS01 	 	EF1 1.5 V6t 	
16 	Hans-Joachim Stuck 	Shadow Racing Team 	 	DN9 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
17 	Clay Regazzoni 	Shadow Racing Team 	 	DN9 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
18 	Gimax 	Team Surtees 	 	TS20 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
19 	Vittorio Brambilla 	Beta Team Surtees 	 	TS20 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
20 	Jody Scheckter 	Walter Wolf Racing 	 	WR5 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
22 	Derek Daly 	Team Tissot Ensign 	 	N177 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
23* 	Harald Ertl 	Sachs Racing 	 	N177 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
25 	Héctor Rebaque 	Team Rebaque 	 	78 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
26 	Jacques Laffite 	Ligier Gitanes 	 	JS9 	 	MS78 3.0 V12 	
27 	Alan Jones 	Williams Grand Prix Engineering 	 	FW06 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
29 	Nelson Piquet 	BS Fabrications 	 	M23 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
30 	Brett Lunger 	Liggett Group/BS Fabrications 	 	M26 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
32 	Keke Rosberg 	Theodore Racing Hong Kong 	 	WR4 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
33 	Bruno Giacomelli 	Marlboro Team McLaren 	 	M26 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
34 	Alberto Colombo 	Team Merzario 	 	A1 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
35 	Riccardo Patrese 	Arrows Racing Team 	 	A1 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
36 	Rolf Stommelen 	Arrows Racing Team 	 	A1 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
37 	Arturo Merzario 	Team Merzario 	 	A1 	 	DFV 3.0 V8 	
Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/engages.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)
** Ertl drove two cars, (pre-qualifying) and (qualifying).
==Practice Overview==
==Qualifying==
Practice/qualifying would follow the conventionalise pattern, with Friday and Saturday hosting four sessions between them. Saturday morning's session would be an "untimed" session, allowing teams to focus on race set-up, leaving the two Friday sessions, and Saturday afternoon, to focus on qualifying. As for a target time the circuit record of 1:30.08, set by James Hunt in 1977, was in the sights of all of the top teams.
===Friday Qualifying===
Indeed, Mario Andretti proved that the Brit's old record was a simple matter to beat, for the American would get within sight of the old mark before the end of his first run. By the end of the session the record had fallen, with Andretti claiming a 1:37.780 to put himself half a second clear of the rest of the pack. His closest challenger proved to be teammate Ronnie Peterson, despite the fact that the Swede had been forced to revert to the ' old, spare, Lotus 78.
Peterson was not the only driver to lose the use of his car due to mechanical fatigue on Friday morning, with numerous reports of failures throughout the session. Derek Daly was among those with issues, burning up his brakes in his after a brake caliper began binding, while Héctor Rebaque swapped to his spare Lotus with a binding wheel bearing. Gilles Villeneuve then destroyed his engine having just beaten teammate Carlos Reutemann's best effort, while both s were in trouble with engine issues from the start.
In truth one of the Brabham issues was self inflicted, for John Watson had smacked a kerb at high speed, cracking the sump as a result. Rebaque would duly spin off into the gravel at the suspected scene of Watson's whack, although the Mexican escaped without major damage. In between the major incidents there were all sorts of spins and trips through the gravel, meaning there was a lot of work for the mechanics to complete to get the field ready for the afternoon session.
Into the afternoon session and the work to replace engines at Brabham and Lotus had not been completed, meaning that Peterson and Lauda would both continue on in their spare cars. Brett Lunger, meanwhile, was on the sidelines as his team replaced his gearbox, with the spare car in the hands of a young Nelson Piquet, while Daly was forced to use the spare Ensign as the team could not get the brakes right on his race car. Rebaque, meanwhile, was back in the fray with his original car, while Watson had had a new sump fitted before the end of the morning session.
Regardless, the overall pace in the afternoon session was down on the morning, with even Andretti failing to break through the 1:38.000 barrier. Indeed, the American still ended the session with the fastest time, a 1:38.401, with Villeneuve his closest challenger, a tenth behind. Reutemann was the only other driver to dip under the 1:39.000 mark, with the rest of the field struggling to break 1:40.000.
Elsewhere, Rebaque threw his repaired Lotus off the circuit again, this time at the chicane, and duly did some substantial damage to the nose having escaped damage earlier. The was also looking fast, so long as it was heading in a straight line, with Jean-Pierre Jabouille over 5 mph faster than anyone else in the arranged speed trap. Otherwise it was a fairly tame end to the day, with no major changes to the order at either end of the spectrum.
===Saturday Qualifying===
Saturday morning saw the dry yet cool conditions remain around the Monza circuit, with most of the teams having spent a long time overnight working on their chargers. For some, however, that work was made redundant, with another brutal, and "untimed" session, seeing more problems arise across the field. Indeed, Peterson would suffer from overheating rear brakes and clutch problems in his preferred Lotus 79, Jacques Laffite destroyed his spare engine, while Niki Lauda, Clay Regazzoni and Patrick Tambay all blew up their race engines.
Lauda would get things underway in the final qualifying session, albeit in the spare Brabham as his own was still being rebuilt. Likewise, Peterson was stuck with the spare Lotus 78, his 79 being stripped down to have a new clutch fitted, while Reutemann and Regazzoni were using their spare cars. As such, there were none to oppose the Italian-American ace Andretti, who was out to impress his former home crowd.
Indeed, with the Alfa Romeo engined Brabhams, and the scarlet Ferraris both lacking pace, it was left to Andretti to impress the baying crowd. The Italian-American ace duly delivered the best time of the weekend, a 1:37.520, with the black-gold Lotus in a class almost of its own. Indeed, the Italian crowds would have to wait until the dying moments of the session to get into second, recording a 1:37.866.
That late lap edged out the very impressive Renault in the hands of Jean-Pierre Jabouille, which had sat in second for most of the afternoon as the Frenchman recorded a 1:37.930. Lauda would almost joint the elite group, ending the afternoon fourth with a 1:38.215, just ahead of Peterson who ran out of time to switch to his race car before the session came to an end. Alan Jones was next ahead of Watson, while Laffite edged out Jody Scheckter and James Hunt.
At the back of the field, meanwhile, there were four drivers prevented from joining the 24 qualifiers for the grid. Those four were Rebaque, Michael Bleekemolen, Carlo "Gimax" Franchi and Harald Ertl, who had previously failed to pre-qualify before getting a shot in the for qualifying.
===Qualifying Results===
The full qualifying results for the are outlined below:
Pos. 	No. 	Driver 	Constructor 	Time 	Time 	Time 	Gap
Pos. 	No. 	Driver 	Constructor 	Q1 	Q2 	Q3 	Gap
1 	5 	Mario Andretti 	 	1:37.780 	1:38.401 	1:37.520 	—
2 	12 	Gilles Villeneuve 	 	1:39.046 	1:38.513 	1:37.866 	+0.346s
3 	15 	Jean-Pierre Jabouille 	 	1:38.439 	1:39.242 	1:37.930 	+0.410s
4 	1 	Niki Lauda 	 	1:39.378 	1:39.092 	1:38.215 	+0.695s
5 	6 	Ronnie Peterson 	 	1:38.256 	1:40.518 	1:38.634 	+0.736s
6 	27 	Alan Jones 	 	1:39.181 	1:39.143 	1:38.271 	+0.751s
7 	2 	John Watson 	 	1:38.610 	1:39.376 	1:38.611 	+1.090s
8 	26 	Jacques Laffite 	 	1:39.195 	1:40.370 	1:38.917 	+1.397s
9 	20 	Jody Scheckter 	 	1:39.170 	1:39.017 	1:38.937 	+1.417s
10 	7 	James Hunt 	 	1:39.475 	1:39.166 	1:38.938 	+1.418s
11 	11 	Carlos Reutemann 	 	1:39.395 	1:38.959 	1:38.969 	+1.439s
12 	35 	Riccardo Patrese 	 	1:40.264 	1:39.831 	1:39.179 	+1.659s
13 	14 	Emerson Fittipaldi 	 	1:40.170 	1:40.665 	1:39.421 	+1.901s
14 	3 	Didier Pironi 	 	1:41.223 	1:41.465 	1:39.531 	+2.011s
15 	17 	Clay Regazzoni 	 	1:39.621 	1:39.675 	1:40.880 	+2.101s
16 	4 	Patrick Depailler 	 	1:40.934 	1:40.774 	1:39.630 	+2.110s
17 	16 	Hans-Joachim Stuck 	 	1:39.701 	1:40.550 	1:39.882 	+2.181s
18 	22 	Derek Daly 	 	1:40.075 	1:40.674 	1:40.382 	+2.555s
19 	8 	Patrick Tambay 	 	1:40.290 	1:41.202 	1:40.163 	+2.643s
20 	33 	Bruno Giacomelli 	 	1:40.715 	1:41.483 	1:40.199 	+2.679s
21 	30 	Brett Lunger 	 	1:52.164 	1:44.285 	1:40.302 	+2.782s
22 	37 	Arturo Merzario 	 	1:41.561 	1:45.963 	1:40.702 	+3.182s
23 	19 	Vittorio Brambilla 	 	1:40.805 	1:41.088 	1:40.860 	+3.285s
24 	29 	Nelson Piquet 	 	1:40.846 	1:41.548 	1:41.080 	+3.326s
DNQ 	25 	Héctor Rebaque 	 	1:41.260 	1:41.063 	1:41.116 	+3.543s
DNQ* 	10 	Harald Ertl 	 	1:43.538 	1:43.351 	1:41.185 	+3.665s
DNQ 	9 	Michael Bleekemolen 	 	1:41.677 	1:42.432 	1:41.814 	+4.157s
DNQ 	18 	Gimax 	 	1:49.914 	1:46.080 	1:44.408 	+6.888s
DNPQ* 	23 	Harald Ertl 	 	1:40.274 	1:40.274 	1:40.274 	1:40.274
DNPQ 	32 	Keke Rosberg 	 	1:40.751 	1:40.751 	1:40.751 	1:40.751
DNPQ 	36 	Rolf Stommelen 	 	1:40.935 	1:40.935 	1:40.935 	1:40.935
DNPQ 	34 	Alberto Colombo 	 	1:42.558 	1:42.558 	1:42.558 	1:42.558
Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)
*T Indicates a driver used their test/spare car to set their best time in that session.
*Bold indicates a driver's best/qualifying time.
** Ertl failed to qualify in both qualifying sessions.
===Grid===
==Race==
Raceday dawned bright and warm, with a morning warm-up session staged to give teams a final chance to set-up their cars, with Héctor Rebaque allowed to join them as first reserve. That session would run smoothly, until Ronnie Peterson destroyed his Lotus 79 at the second chicane, a crash blamed on a brake failure. were therefore forced to set the Swede up with the spare car for the race, with no other changes to either drivers nor order as Mario Andretti led the field away for the formation lap.
===Report===
Unfortunately the start of the race would be conducted very poorly, with the starters lights flashing to green before the backmarkers had lined up in their grid slots. While this did not affect front row starter Gilles Villeneuve, who duly streaked into the lead ahead of Andretti, it did cause the midfield to become very compressed. Indeed, as the field hurtled down towards the Rettifilo chicane one group of cars were briefly five abreast, before Riccardo Patrese tried to move across before the grass.
Indeed, the Italians move from the old banked circuit to the road-course caused James Hunt, who was inside the to jerk sideways, with the Brit later claiming that there was contact. Regardless, that twitch put the nose of the right into the side of Peterson's Lotus, which duly spun across the circuit and into the guard rails. Unfortunately the Swede's car was collected by a hard charging Vittorio Brambilla, causing the Lotus to split apart and burst into flames.
Also involved, albeit in reactionary accidents, were Carlos Reutemann, Didier Pironi, Clay Regazzoni, Patrick Depailler, Derek Daly, Hans-Joachim Stuck and Brett Lunger. However, all of the attention would be placed on the burning Lotus, with Hunt and Regazzoni sprinting to the car which had been carved in two. Those two managed to drag Peterson clear, for the Swede had been stuck in the car with two badly broken legs and burns.
The circuit helicopter was swiftly dispatched to take Swede to hospital, while Brambilla was taken to hospital by ambulance having been knocked out cold by an errant wheel. There was optimism about both of their conditions as they left the circuit, with Brambilla up and talking and an initial assessment of Peterson suggesting that there were no serious injuries other than those to his legs. Another driver in trouble was Stuck, who had picked up a concussion having been struck, like Brambilla, by a wheel. However, while the German refused to go to hospital immediately, he did acquiesce to advice not to take the restart.
With the drivers rightly taken care of first the remains of their cars were dragged back to the paddock, with news that those who had been taken out could use their spares. This was fortunate for Hunt, whose McLaren was missing both the front and rear bodywork, as well as Regazzoni and Reutemann whose cars were severely bent. Depailler was also set to use his spare with heavy damage to his , as would Daly in the spare , while Lunger and Pironi were out as their cars could not be repair.
===An Abandoned Restart===
There were nineteen cars left to take the restart, which was scheduled for 5:15pm with the circuit cleared and the barriers repaired. The order was reset to the original qualifying grid, with slots left clear for those who were out of action, leaving nineteen drivers to take the restart. However, while nineteen drivers set out to complete the formation lap, only eighteen would return to the grid, resulting in a delay to the restart.
This time the cause was Jody Scheckter, who had lost control of the through the second Lesmo, the result of a steering failure at 130 mph. The South African duly shot into the barriers on the outside of the circuit, before bouncing back across to wipe-out the barriers on the inside, destroying his car. Fortunately Scheckter escaped uninjured and duly got an ambulance to take him back to the paddock, with Wolf preparing the spare car for the South African.
===A Shortened Affair===
The extensive barrier damage at Lesmo, as well as the retrieval of bits of Wolf, resulted in the start being delayed until 6:00pm, meaning that the race would inevitably run out of light. As such the race distance was reduced to 40 laps, meaning that the officials could still award full points, but without the risk of running into darkness. For the third time, Andretti led the field around to complete the formation lap, with nineteen cars, including Scheckter lining up on the grid to start.
This time the errors were made by the drivers rather than the officials, as two of the main players in the race jumped the start. Indeed, in his eagerness to repeat his getaway from the original start Villeneuve jumped the lights, streaking clear as the final red light came on. Andretti, seeing the already beginning to nudge forwards reacted too, with the rest of the field waiting another second before the lights finally flashed to greens.
It was an otherwise clear start, with everyone bar Emerson Fittipaldi, whose clutch was suffering from the long hold, making it through the Rettifilo without issue. However, all of the attention was on the fight for the lead, with Andretti hounding Villeneuve's Ferrari through the lap. Indeed, the pair would end the lap side-by-side through the Parabolica and onto the start/finish straight, with a huge roar from the crowd pushing the Canadian on to hold the lead through the Rettifilo at the start of lap two.
Behind, them would come Jean-Pierre Jabouille, the having drafted its way into third after a customarily slow start due to its turbocharger. The Frenchman was keeping Niki Lauda at bay in the engined , with Reutemann and Alan Jones tucked in right behind. They were chased by Patrese, Daly, Jacques Laffite, Scheckter, John Watson, Patrick Tambay and Regazzoni, with the rest of the field led by Bruno Giacomelli a few yards back.
The following laps saw Villeneuve and Andretti simply drift away at the head of the field, with only the Renault of Jabouille able to even vaguely keep up with their pace. That was, until the yellow car destroyed its engine on lap six, handing a lonely third to Lauda as he had briefly pulled clear of Reutemann. Behind, Watson was picking his way back through the field, his Alfa F12 running cleanly, while Regazzoni was in and out of the pits with a reported brake issue.
Back with the leaders and Andretti had lined up a move on Villeneuve through Ascari, and duly managed to wrestle the Lotus ahead of the Ferrari as they dived on the brakes for the Parabolica at the end of lap eight. However, the canny Canadian managed to hold on inside the Lotus through the corner, and duly emerged back int he lead, with the pair still dropping Lauda at an alarming rate. The Austrian himself was still on his own, albeit being slowly drawn in by Reutemann and Watson, while Jones, Patrese and Laffite were fighting hard for sixth.
After that the race settled, with the only major shake up to the order coming on the time sheets after half-distance, for Villeneuve and Andretti had both been slapped with one minute time penalties. Unfortunately for Andretti his immediate hopes of moving more than a minute clear of Lauda were hampered by his rear brakes, which were beginning to overheat in the wake of Villeneuve's Ferrari. The American duly dropped back to allow his brakes to cool, just as Hunt's engine blew up at the back of the circuit.
Indeed, Andretti would have to wait until the Canadian's Michelin tyres began to fade, the intense pace of Villeneuve's push ultimately burning them up with ten laps to go. Andretti steadily closed the then five second gap, and with five laps to go duly sent his Lotus skating past the Ferrari at the Rettifilo, having had more grip through Parabolica and on the brakes. He duly danced clear over the following lap to prevent Villeneuve from responding, with the light fading drastically as dusk approached.
Indeed, as Andretti slithered out of Parabolica for the fortieth and final time the sun had begun to dip below the horizon, although the ever vocal crowd had stayed to celebrate what they believed as an Andretti victory. However, regardless of the vigour of the Italian fans' calls both Andretti and Villeneuve were slapped with their one minute time penalties, dumping them down to sixth and seventh respectively. That was still technically enough to give Andretti the World Championship, although he was in a sober mood after the horrific accident and condition of his friend and teammate.
Their penalties meant it was tifosi traitor Lauda whom ultimately inherited victory, with his Brabham teammate Watson in second having taken Reutemann once the Argentine's tyres ran out of grip. Reutemann did, however, secure third despite his lack of grip, well clear of Laffite in fourth. Indeed, the Frenchman had run on his own after Patrese and Jones hit trouble, but was almost overhauled by Tambay in the closing stages.
The morning after the race it was revealed that Peterson had died in the early hours, a fat embolism following surgery on his legs ultimately ending the life of one of Formula One's most affable drivers.
===Results===
The full results for the are outlined below:
Pos. 	No. 	Driver 	Constructor 	Laps 	Time/Retired* 	Grid 	Points
1 	1 	Niki Lauda 	 	40 	1:07:04.54 	4 	9
2 	2 	John Watson 	 	40 	+1.48s 	7 	6
3 	11 	Carlos Reutemann 	 	40 	+20.47s 	11 	4
4 	26 	Jacques Laffite 	 	40 	+37.53s 	8 	3
5 	8 	Patrick Tambay 	 	40 	+40.39s 	19 	2
6† 	5 	Mario Andretti 	 	40 	+46.33s 	1 	1
7† 	12 	Gilles Villeneuve 	 	40 	+48.48s 	2 	
8 	14 	Emerson Fittipaldi 	 	40 	+55.24s 	13 	
9 	29 	Nelson Piquet 	 	40 	+1:06.83 	24 	
10 	22 	Derek Daly 	 	40 	+1:09.11 	18 	
11 	4 	Patrick Depailler 	 	40 	+1:16.57 	16 	
12 	20 	Jody Scheckter 	 	39 	+1 Lap 	9 	
13 	27 	Alan Jones 	 	39 	+1 Lap 	6 	
14 	33 	Bruno Giacomelli 	 	39 	+1 Lap 	20 	
NC‡ 	17 	Clay Regazzoni 	 	33 	+7 Laps 	15 	
Ret 	35 	Riccardo Patrese 	 	29 	Engine 	12 	
Ret 	7 	James Hunt 	 	19 	Distributor 	10 	
Ret 	37 	Arturo Merzario 	 	14 	Engine 	22 	
Ret 	15 	Jean-Pierre Jabouille 	 	6 	Valve 	3 	
Ret 	6 	Ronnie Peterson 	 	0 	Fatal accident 	5 	
Ret 	19 	Vittorio Brambilla 	 	0 	Accident 	23 	
Ret 	30 	Brett Lunger 	 	0 	Accident 	21 	
Ret 	3 	Didier Pironi 	 	0 	Accident 	14 	
Ret 	16 	Hans-Joachim Stuck 	 	0 	Accident 	17 	
DNQ 	25 	Héctor Rebaque 	 	 	 	 	
DNQ 	10 	Harald Ertl 	 	 	 	 	
DNQ 	9 	Michael Bleekemolen 	 	 	 	 	
DNQ 	18 	Gimax 	 	 	 	 	
DNPQ 	23 	Harald Ertl 	 	 	 	 	
DNPQ 	32 	Keke Rosberg 	 	 	 	 	
DNPQ 	36 	Rolf Stommelen 	 	 	 	 	
DNPQ 	34 	Alberto Colombo 	 	 	 	 	
Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)	Source:'Italy 1978: Result', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie/classement.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)
** The race was shortened to 40 laps due to encroaching darkness, but full points were awarded as this new race distance was more than 75% of the original specified distance.
*† Andretti and Villeneuve were both penalised 60 seconds for jumping the start. Without the penalty they would have finished 1-2.
*‡ Regazzoni couldn't be classified as he had failed to complete 90% of the race distance.
==Milestones==
* Mario Andretti declared as the 1978 FIA Formula One World Championship Champion.'14. Italy 1978', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1978/italie.aspx, (Accessed 10/09/2018)
* 123rd and final race start for Ronnie Peterson.
** Peterson would be the last driver to die during a Grand Prix weekend until Gilles Villeneuve was killed at the 1982 Belgian Grand Prix.
* Alan Jones made his 50th Grand Prix start.
* First and only entry for Carlo "Gimax" Franchi.'1978 Italian GP', chicanef1.com, (Chicane F1, 2018), http://www.chicanef1.com/racetit.pl?year=1978&gp=Italian%20GP&r=1, (Accessed 10/09/2018)
* Final race for to feature a McLaren M23.
* Niki Lauda secured his seventeenth victory.
* claimed their twentieth victory as a constructor.
** Engine suppliers secured their 12th and final victory.
* Tenth and final fastest lap recorded by Andretti.
==Standings==
Ronnie Peterson's sad demise effectively ended the World Championship hunt in , for Mario Andretti could no longer be caught. Indeed, there were rather muted celebrations from the American in the pits, who would later remark that he would trade his title away "to have my friend back."Mario Andretti, 'Letter to My Younger Self', theplayerstribune.com, (The Player's Tribune, 09/06/2016), https://www.theplayerstribune.com/en-us/articles/2016-6-9-mario-andretti-racing-letter-to-my-younger-self, (Accessed 10/09/2018) The question now was whether Peterson's tally of 51 would be beaten, with Niki Lauda and Carlos Reutemann both mathematically able to catch the Swede.
In terms of the International Cup for Constructors the race in Italy had all but secured second place for , whom moved thirteen clear of in third. They were still 33 behind pre-crowned Champions , whom no longer needed to compete with Andretti taking his title. Regardless, it was up to the Norfolk squad as to whether they would compete again in , particularly given the circumstances in which they would have to compete.
 
Drivers' World Championship	Drivers' World Championship	Drivers' World Championship	Drivers' World Championship
Pos. 	Driver 	Pts. 	+/-
1 	Mario Andretti 	64 	
2 	Ronnie Peterson 	51 	
3 	Niki Lauda 	44 	
4 	Carlos Reutemann 	35 	1
5 	Patrick Depailler 	32 	1
6 	John Watson 	25 	
7 	Jacques Laffite 	19 	
8 	Emerson Fittipaldi 	15 	
9 	Jody Scheckter 	14 	
10 	Riccardo Patrese 	8 	
11 	Gilles Villeneuve 	8 	
12 	James Hunt 	8 	
13 	Patrick Tambay 	7 	2
14 	Didier Pironi 	7 	1
15 	Alan Jones 	5 	1
16 	Clay Regazzoni 	4 	
17 	Hans-Joachim Stuck 	2 	
18 	Vittorio Brambilla 	1 	
19 	Héctor Rebaque 	1 	
International Cup for Constructors	International Cup for Constructors	International Cup for Constructors	International Cup for Constructors
Pos. 	Team 	Pts. 	+/-
1 	 	86 	
2 	 	53 	
3 	 	40 	
4 	 	36 	
5 	 	19 	
6 	 	15 	
7 	 	14 	
8 	 	14 	
9 	 	8 	
10 	 	6 	
11 	 	5 	
12 	 	1 	
Only point scoring drivers and teams are shown.
==References==
Images and Videos:
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References:
Category:Grand Prix articles
Category:1978 Grands Prix
Category:Italian Grand Prix
Category:Formula One races in Italy