Biotechnologia

Biotechnologia consist laune ex id gwiv ids morphogenetic mecanismes kay copie, kayjine ed nudes ia po vasyalg ziels : leit de folossie id "weida" ed id chemic magh elaboren unte id hol historia ios biosphere, ep-ya senters edifice keiht. Un simple exempel est tod iom kwathen, mathalan om gherts ed drehnks, diutos gnohn ed nuden ab Menscgenos, yed quom principe buit bad aunstohct ab Pasteur. Is seult fermentative biochemia deikend-ye od, in drehnkkwath, smulk yowkjitias, i microbes, produce alcohol tem quem un serie om acids qua ghehde bihe isolet ed nudt. Sessiet poskwo possible prelives ia molecules qua i microbes folossient, besonters ia enzymes (catalystes) ia secrete, kay produce direct-ye ed aun iro presence ia sam chemic reactions - quetos id synthese multiplen products, bayna qua ia maschour antibiotics. Id productor imkan iom bacterias est skaun ob tyeicent ye ghem temperature ed naudhe pau Energia.
 Bacterias (her : Escherichia Coli) sont un type os biologic cell. Skeipent in plaut xeimen em prokaryotic microorganismens. Typic-ye oik mmicrometers long, bacterias hant different formes, ex spheres do gazda ed spirals. Bacterias eent bayna ia prest gwitsformes qua prohp ep Terra, ed sont present in ids pleist habitats. Bacterias gwive in symbiotic ed parasitic sibias con plantes ed animals. Weikent swol, wed, acidtoplices, radioactive zibel, ed ia deuba portions os Terras cruste. Pleist bacterias ne hant esen kwiten, ed tik takriban dwidel iom phylen em bacterias ghehde bihe buwt in laboratoria. Id studye im bacterias estgnoht ka bacteriologia, un branche os microbiologia. 
 
==Ia prest biotechnologias os reproduction==
Yed ia biotechnologias exspandsient druve-ye ab id neud ios bungos os reproduction : her, el mensc entret do idpet kerd ios gwitactivitat. Xenoghamia tyeict meisgmens qua Nature ne deught. Id praxis os hybridation, om meisgmens inter sem destull divergent speces, est ids prest forme : misges un domestiquen spece con ids natural atav kay revigore id, misges dwo speces kay obtene nov associations om qualitats med vegetals (revigore traigv hybridend-ye id con gare) au Animals... Ois hellen ύβρις ("aunmeidia"), id lexis "hybridation" presentet artificial meisgmen ka un violence kwohrt ad nature. Ies samzamans os Mendel, dehtor ios prest Genetique (1865), interpreteer it, kay rejece ia, ia resultats os eys experiments : tyict id contranature enpareihsa inter dwo types os vegetal, ieter se strong ad se rehve ex tod mustring union jidalend-ye kay se separe ud alter, reducend tadrijan ye cada generation id quantitat om hybride plantes, tiel id complete restitution iom dwo original types. Mendel stiert ex ia seni emen kweits ed ed hissieb unte mier numers id proportion os ielg ex ia transmitten ye cada generation. Ia successive changes neti uperwohrt id jidal inter dwo global types sontern id statistic repartition om determinen unitats sekwent combinations. Ye id prest ker, is biolog theoriset id hereditar mecanisme ab uno mathematic meid. Id tabou unios netaraghtu natural aurdhen obstahsit tod perodhia quod buit bad recognihnum in 1900. Tod samo mistrust wehst in id wekwos "genetic manipulations". Claude Bernard hieb yed ja mohlden in hol serenitat ia genetic biotechnologias : sem dien, el biologis connaîtra les lois intimes de la formation des corps organiques comme le chimiste connaît ta des corps minéraux, el pourra faire des animaux ou des végétaux nouveaux comme le chimiste produit des corps qua preter ne existe in nature.
 Enzymes sont macromolecular biologic catalystes. Enzymes accelere ia chemic reactions. Ia molecules ep-ya enzymes ghehde age sont kalen substrates ed id enzyme convert ia substrates do different molecules gnohn ka products. Quasi vasya metabolic processa depende enzymes kay catalyse sem etapes. Tod kwiter deict id enzyme glucosidase quod convert suker maltose do dwo glucose sukers.
==Genetic ingenieurie==
Med molecular genetique hant ta anticipations biht druv. "Genetic ingenieurie", quod proceddt med "recombination" iom gens, neti se contentet med enparihes Individus. Act eni id kerd ios gwiv insernd-ye un alien gen do id chromosome uns bacteria, quod acquiseiht id imkan os synthetise nov meg paurscta substances; biht uno natural fabric. Est un "transgenic" gwiv. It modifiems biologic-ye ia bacterias kay domestique ia. Id operation ghehdt tyehce in vitro med un enzyme quod ghehdt parkwehre ia necessar sbehrdens ed regleimsas, sekwent un constant proceddat os cellular activitat. Men ghehdmos procedde dar "naturaler-ye" neudend-ye un virus ka wehgdel, introduct-yis se do id bacteria ed insert tetro sien wi DNA; el proe-biht transformen yoitkwe el ghehdt programme id bacterian activitat pro determinen chemic activitats. Tem quem bacterias purifient spontan-ye sceptic podins, proe-bihnt ruyden kay myehrkihes id petrol iom naftlamens. Neudend-ye ia it, el menscis nineudneut ia kam el hat aiwo kwohrt aun woide to, chunke, aun ir activitats, ia tem exterior quem interior conditions os nies gwit ne esient swekwohrt. Importet kyunggiawe od med biotechnologias, el mensc eiskwmen-ye inflect natural processa qua sont idpet dastur os gwit ed qua hant neid antinatural. Ir neud, kam in id fall iom transgenic vegetals, might lakin pones (mathalan ambiental) problemes gwehmend ender Bioethique. Id sam ghehldt pro "anthropotechnia" yani ia biotechnologias appliet al mensc, besonters eni id medical quader.
 Sulfamide est un chemic composit os formule SO2(NH2)2. Est un cristallik albh solid.
==Simulationsbiotechnologias : pharmacs==
To preter deikent pharmacs, besonters ta quom ziel est jidale protiev microorganismens. In 1935, Dogmak aunstehct kjiawxieng ia antibacterian suedsa om industrial colorants kalt "sulfamides". Dank id industrial kweitu tom substancen, pharmacs bihnt instohlen. In 1939, bihnt aunstohct ia antisulfamides, molecules vital pro el bacteria, quom structure mehneiht de tod iom sulfamides. It biht explien id action sentern : samlik ibs antisulfamides, bihnt incorporen vice ia ab el bacteria, beghseihnd el tod vital factor. Id pharmac revelet it sien buhsa ed functionmentsmodus : est un doppelganger ed makir molecule. Antibiotics bihnt interpretet ye id sam weidos. Stereochemic-ye gendel con id molecule natural-ye secret ab id corpos, id pharmaco gwehmt ad occupe id receptor site ab quod id est correspons, blockend un vierdnic process. It, morphine act cludend-ye id transmission os gvol ab ia neurons. Bet id Kers makht sien inner morphines qua vegetal morphine tik imitet. Her, id pharmac est neti uno makir contrafaction, sontern un copie iom molecules ios corpos ye tos brugos. Ia molecules os biosphere manifeste ir permanence per ia clifts inter vegetal ed animal, permittend id biotechnologic action ios pharmac. Senter ghi est definible chemic-ye au industrial-ye, edschi physiologic-ye. Tod ne est tik uno material structure, men, kam id payttgehn virus, id ne hat id exterioritat uns technic instrument. Se insert do id bihsa ios siuge. Itak idsschi effects sont naiw alnos gnoht ni previsible ed varyent sekwent cada patient, ob id mier complexitat ed mutabilitat os menscBiologia ed ob idso diemen con ia psychic factors. Biht employt aun gnohe id integral-ye, quo ne permitt exclude id risk. Iaghi biotechnologias pone sonterproblemes dayir id mensccorpos, practic betschi bioethics problemes - ta os assist reproduction, iom neuds al embryo, iom embryonal stammcells.