Bass

A bass is the type of male singing voice which has the lowest vocal range of all voice types. A bass is typically classified as having a range extending from around the second F below middle C to the E above middle C. Its tessitura, or comfortable range, is normally defined by the outermost lines of the bass clef.
==Bass Roles in Opera==
Basso cantante/lyric high bass/lyric bass-baritone
 Basso cantante means "singing bass". Basso cantante is a higher, more lyrical voice.
;Roles
*Duke Bluebeard Bluebeard's Castle by Béla Bartók
*Don Pizarro, Fidelio by Ludwig van Beethoven
*Count Rodolfo, La sonnambula by Bellini
*Blitch, Susannah by Carlisle Floyd
*Méphistophélès, Faust by Charles Gounod
*Don Alfonso, Così fan tutte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
*Don Giovanni, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
*Figaro, The Marriage of Figaro by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
*The Voice of the Oracle, Idomeneo by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
*Boris, Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky
*Silva, Ernani by Giuseppe Verdi
*Philip II, Don Carlos by Giuseppe Verdi
*Count Walter, Luisa Miller by Giuseppe Verdi
*Banquo, Macbeth by Giuseppe Verdi
*Zaccaria, Nabucco by Giuseppe Verdi
*Fiesco, Simon Boccanegra by Giuseppe Verdi
*Ferrando, Il trovatore by Giuseppe Verdi
*Daland, Der fliegende Holländer by Richard Wagner
*The King of Scotland, Ariodante by George Frideric Handel===Hoher Bass/dramatic high bass/dramatic bass-baritone===
 Hoher Bass or "high bass" or often a dramatic bass-baritone
*;Roles
**Igor, Prince Igor by Alexander Borodin
**Boris, and Varlaam, Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky
**Klingsor, Parsifal by Richard Wagner
**Wotan Der Ring des Nibelungen by Richard Wagner
**Caspar, Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber
===[edit]Jugendlicher Bass===
 Jugendlicher Bass denotes the role of a young man sung by a bass, regardless of the age of the singer.
*;Roles
**Leporello, Masetto, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
**Colline, La bohème (Giacomo Puccini)
===[edit]Basso buffo/bel canto/lyric buffo===
 Buffo, literally "funny", basses are lyrical roles that demand from their practitioners a solid coloratura technique, a capacity for patter singing and ripe tonal qualities if they are to be brought off to maximum effect. They are usually the blustering antagonist of the hero/heroine or the comic-relief fool in bel cantooperas.
*;Roles
**Don Pasquale, Don Pasquale (Gaetano Donizetti)
**Dottor Dulcamara, L'elisir d'amore by Gaetano Donizetti
**Don Bartolo, The Barber of Seville by Gioachino Rossini
**Don Magnifico, La Cenerentola by Gioachino Rossini
**Don Alfonso, Così fan tutte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
**Leporello, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
===[edit]Schwerer Spielbass/dramatic buffo===
 English equivalent: dramatic bass
*;Roles
**Khan Konchak, Prince Igor by Alexander Borodin
**Baculus, Der Wildschütz (Albert Lortzing)
**Ferrando, Il trovatore by Giuseppe Verdi
**Daland, Der fliegende Holländer by Richard Wagner
===[edit]Lyric basso profondo===
 Basso profondo (lyric low bass), is the lowest bass voice type. According to J. B. Steane in Voices, Singers & Critics, the basso profondo voice "derives from a method of tone-production that eliminates the more Italian quick vibrato. In its place is a kind of tonal solidity, a wall-like front, which may nevertheless prove susceptible to the other kind of vibrato, the slow beat or dreaded wobble."
*;Roles
**Rocco, Fidelio by Ludwig van Beethoven
**Osmin, Die Entführung aus dem Serail by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
**Sarastro, Die Zauberflöte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
**Pimen, Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky
**Baron Ochs, Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss
===[edit]Dramatic basso profondo===
 English equivalent: dramatic low bass. Dramatic basso profondo is a powerful basso profondo voice.
*;Roles
**Il Commendatore, Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
**Hagen, Götterdämmerung by Richard Wagner
**Heinrich, Lohengrin by Richard Wagner
**Gurnemanz, Parsifal by Richard Wagner
**Fafner, Das Rheingold and Siegfried by Richard Wagner
**Marke, Tristan und Isolde by Richard Wagner
**Hunding, Die Walküre by Richard Wagner
**The Varangian (Viking) Guest, Sadko by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
**The Grand Inquisitor, Don Carlo by Giuseppe Verdi
**Claggart, Billy Budd (opera) by Benjamin Britten
===[edit]Bass roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operettas===
**The Mikado of Japan (The Mikado)
**Sergeant of Police (The Pirates of Penzance)
**Old Adam Goodheart and Sir Roderick (Ruddigore)
**Private Willis (Iolanthe)
**Carpenter's mate (H.M.S. Pinafore)
**Don Alhambra (The Gondoliers)
**The Notary (The Sorcerer)
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