Druckerie

Id Druckerie (ex deutsch Druckerei) est id menghia iom Techniquen ed kerdsen qua smyehrnt id makhen om druckt wehrgs. Nundiens biht meis tolken de "graphic industries". 
 Mesopotamiak mouher keipend id dyinsto dia iom akkadito div Schamasch.
==Historia in Orient==
Ia prest reproductions os scriben buir aundwoi hassilen ep wox au loid med ia mouhers ed pechats trohft in ia awsta citads os Mesopotamia au os Elam; sems tarikhe ex dwogimoct secules pre JC. Bricks buir iaschi stampt intro med formes ex dreu au metall. Dind, id druckerie buit gnoht in China, quer eent nudt formes ex grohven dreu. Ep un schliven plank, id dreu bihsit abglupt ex ambh ia khanjis, quasmee remien in relief. Id bihsit tinten ed bihsit applien ep id un schid. Id invention om drucktypes est relat in un buk ex id XIt secule ed anadeht ad Bi Sheng. Ta drucktypes buir ex terracotta, dind ex plumbh, bad ex cuper.
 Aysen statue os Johannes Gensfleisch, gnohter ka Gutenberg, (circum 1400-1468) in Strasbourg.
==In Europe==
Ia xylographic druckens, quom proceddat betrehft meis grehven, skeipe id prest capitel ios historia os druckerie ob ir ziel ed id zamam irs diffusion. Med un gouge, is grehver sint oistehlbe, ep id surface uns block, id teiptu signe. Id grehvplank, ex pirdreu, oywa au jauz, biht dabhen in id sense iom fibers ios dreu, parallel-ye ei axe ios stamm au ios ozd. Tod dreugrehven buit bilhassa usen medsu id XVIt secule. Eet nuden pro id drucken om leikcartes, om zakir kwiters con au aun tefillin, bragven texten samt meis au minter kips. Id artistic grehven med burin, ep dreu, ye id XVt secule, brigh do concepe id dayi os grehve seni ielg iom buksteivs ios latin alphabet. Abghi un certaino numer om kalaben drucktypes, un aunfinia om combinations buit possible tem quem id deughos om quaytlibt correctures. Johannes Gensfleisch, lakaben Gutenberg, ed eys magno collaborator Peter Schöffer buir ies inventors ios druckerie. Todghi invention eet double chunke assocyit tod ios druckpresse, instohlt yeji id model iom torcules nuden ab iens rhenisch vinars, ed tod iom metalldrucktypes, due Schöffer. Lakin, ne id drucktype buit id decisive invention sontern id kalapto drucktype, due Gutenberg. Quasi fauran bihsit classic id makhensmethode iom drucktypes : 
- grehven med ola, ye id bors unios metallsteb (mliak stal), ios iskwn signe in relief ed ghawsam;
 
- pregen med tod ola unios matrix ex un meis tender metall (rudh glaugh);
- kalaben, do un arkwnkalab au un handkalab, uns ternar leghar (plumbh, stin, stibium), quo hat duren tiel nundiens. 
Dien 14 October 1457, Fust, is associeit os Gutenberg, ed Schöffer som-druckeer id prest buk samt id drucken tarikhe : id Mainzer Psalterio. Con Gutenburg, publier popular wehrgs de religion, latin grammatic, calendars. Ir maschourst over est un in-folio Bible, saygen samt "42 lignes".
 Prest page ios Genesis Buk ios "42-lignen Bible" druckt ab Gutenberg circum 1455. Buks drucken pre 1501 sont kalen "incunables".
==Typographia==
Id nov art spohr jaldi ex id Rhendal do hol Europe. Dwo orbaters os Gutenberg pieg in 1464 in Italia, in Subiaco, dind in Rome. Un envoyeit os Charles VII in Mainz bohr "ia kerdosrounas" do Venezia, quer Aldus Manutius sul, in 1490, sien druckerdynastia, quod vahsit dure unte oin secule. Is publicit un Vergilius med clihn drucktypes, saygen aldini wa cursive (1500). 
Typographia tyic un druv revolution in id diffusion ios men. Aun subihes sulmodification, id typographic proceddat vahsit permitte drucke quasi vasya wehrgs paruet ex id XVt do id inkapem ios Industrial Revolution. Unte id XIXt secule prehpe ia megil Innovations de druckerie : is deutsch König instehlt id cylinderpresse in 1811, is englisch Stanhope struct, in 1820, un alnos metallic torculepresse; circum 1850 biwehrct id prest rotarpresse. Solg machines vahnt tuntos permitte publie cadadien journals. Nicéphore Niepce hieb trohft, circum 1830, id principe os Photographia; similigravure mehght, yant 1882, drucke photographic kwiters.
 Six-cylindern rotarpresse ex ia 1860s. Druckelements lyehge ep id large cylinder medsu id machine.
==Id diversification iom techniquen==
Pos id typographic drucken, auwal ed quos formes consiste druckelements in relief, gnahr alya proceddats, correspondend nov naudhs au ois nov possibilitats : deubdruck, aquaforte ed ir derivats, ed quer ia druckelements sont in kaul; lithographia, quer druckelements ed non-druckelements lyehge ye id samo nivell. Photographia hat gohnen photogravure ed hat permiss complete ia handproceddats om rissem, grehven, teipdehsa, med photomecanic proceddats, hant-ya possiblihn id drucken om colorkips. Novgwehmer pon in-kap id XXt secule, id off-set hat jaldi spohrn. Nundiens, lakin, electronique taraght ia traditional methodes iom graphic industrien, ed menscpossibilitats bihnt udsyrat. Teipreibo ed film taynt plumbh. Un computer proe-swekwehrt id definitive presentation uns texte.