UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.https://web.archive.org/web/20110818121902/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/introducing-unescohttps://web.archive.org/web/20100409011030/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/history/ The organization comprises 194 member states, 12 associate members,https://web.archive.org/web/20220815012241/https://en.unesco.org/countries/ and partners in the non-governmental, intergovernmental, and private sectors.https://web.archive.org/web/20200823220827/https://en.unesco.org/partnerships Headquartered in Paris, France, UNESCO has 53 regional field officeshttps://web.archive.org/web/20200817141658/https://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice/ and 199 national commissions.https://web.archive.org/web/20200822204031/https://en.unesco.org/countries/national-commissionshttps://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice/apia/about
==History==
Following the Atlantic Charter and United Nations Declaration, the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME) held meetings in London from November 16, 1942 to December 5, 1945, while the Preparatory Commission operated from November 16, 1945 to November 4, 1946, marking the ratification of UNESCO's Constitution.https://web.archive.org/web/20120315024012/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001176/117626e.pdf The first General Conference, held from November 19th to December 10th, 1946, appointed Julian Huxley as Director-General.https://web.archive.org/web/20120904090227/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001145/114580e.pdf
In 1955, South Africa withdrew from UNESCO due to the country's "racial problems",https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000002428 but rejoined in 1994 under Nelson Mandela's leadership, citing its publications as interference.https://web.archive.org/web/20220209082907/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-137-58120-4_11
In 2011, Palestine was admitted as a member of UNESCO.https://web.archive.org/web/20111214135140/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/general_conference_admits_palestine_as_unesco_member_state/https://web.archive.org/web/20111101190549/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8860951/US-withdraws-Unesco-funding-after-it-accepts-Palestinian-membership.html
The United States and Israel left UNESCO on December 31, 2018,https://web.archive.org/web/20220209082910/https://www.jpost.com/international/israel-us-slated-to-leave-unesco-today-to-protest-anti-israel-bias-575875https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224138/https://en.unesco.org/news/statement-irina-bokova-director-general-unesco-occasion-withdrawal-united-states-america-unesco but rejoined in 2023.https://apnews.com/article/unesco-us-rejoin-palestine-china-5b7849bd2cae966e4e9837380c0c094fhttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-formally-rejoins-unesco-5-years-after-withdraw
==References==
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