Cumania (server)

Cumania is the common name of a Brazilian's Mapping Chat Minecraft server and world. As the first BMC server, it was the longest-lived of them all until Mediterranea surpassed it on February 5th, 2022. It had three seasons, a record never surpassed to this day. Season 1 lasted from May 22nd, 2019 to June 5th, 2019; Season 2 lasted from July 14th, 2019 to August 16th, 2019; and Season 3 lasted from March 10th, 2020 to June 11th, 2020.
Created on May 22nd, 2019 by Danieer, it was originally meant to be a casual survival game. However, the foundation of the country of Carthage by Neim and Brazilian changed the perspective and objective of Cumania, becoming a nationbuilding roleplay server, a model adopted by all of its successors. Its legacy encompasses a vast amount of practices and precedents which would become pillars of all BMC Minecraft servers, as well as a dense and well-recorded history. Cumania can be seen as the original inspiration for the lore.
== Server History ==
=== Season 1 (53 BCS - 39 BCS) ===
Cumania was created by Danieer in 53 BCS. He founded a homonymous village, which became later known as Old Cumania; it attained 7 members, the fates of whom would largely shape world history: Danieer himself, Complex, Trantor, Rares, Ekros, Brazilian and Neim.
Neim decided to leave Cumania and went west on a journey called "the Odyssey". Joined by Brazilian, he founded Carthage, the first true player nation. Despite being blown up twice - first by Danieer using /nuke and later by Ekros - the young nation survived, with Trantor and Complex joining in the following years.
In 52 BCS, Frisia founded the New Columbia Colonial Company (NCCC) just south of Cumania's new capital, New Cumania, by the Cuman Sea. However, a dispute quickly emerged with Ben's New Merton over an island at the Oxus river delta, leading to the Oxus War - a brief conflict in which Frisia forcefully took the island and demanded that Ben relocated. Ben obliged and moved to New Wimbledon in 50 BCS.
To the west, Ekros founded a settlement named Cumanian Ekros, which seceded from Cumania under the name Ekrosia in 51 BCS. Ekros was briefly joined by Kiel, who colonized the southern Cuman Sea before his house was destroyed by Danieer using /nuke. Also in 51 BCS, Rares founded the Water Caliphate, leaving Old Cumania definitively abandoned, and Prague founded Elam, which would be renamed as Tangier in 46 BCS.
In 50 BCS, the Water Empire was founded as a confederation between Ekrosia, New Merton and the Water Caliphate, which renamed to New Suceava. This sparked a Cold War with an expanding Carthage, which quickly gained the upper hand as Elam became a vassal in 49 BCS, as did the NCCC in the following year. Carthage also blockaded New Suceava and annexed the village of Tingis in 47 BCS, sparking the First Tingis Incident - a dispute over a neighbouring lake, which nearly led to war.
A Second Tingis Incident took place in 46 BCS, as Ekros and Brazilian skirmished in the mines of the village; Ekros subsequently declared war on Carthage, but New Merton declared neutrality and New Suceava declared war on Ekrosia instead. Ekrosia was quickly occupied, but Ekros attempted to retaliate by bombing Carthage's capital, Phoenicia; this led to the Sack of Ekrosia, which saw the complete destruction of the city. Ekros attempted to flee to the Zerrikanian Desert before being pursued and capitulating; Ekrosia was subsequently annexed by New Suceava.
In 45 BCS, two new nations arose: Brighton, founded by Londin to the north of Cumania; and Three Stars, founded to the south of New Merton by BrasilBola. Three Stars would become the most powerful civilization until then, having 7 members, creating a massive empire across the desert and building the Great Pyramids, which were finished in 40 BCS, becoming the first of the Seven Wonders of Cumania. Americana and Normandy founded Temeria in 43 BCS - first in Pontaria, before being /nuked by Danieer, and then in the far north.
Cumania Season 1 came to a close in 39 BCS as Danieer replaced the map with a world map, leading to the creation of MCEarth 1. However, the abrupt end of that server after 12 days led to Brazilian ultimately deciding to bring Cumania back in 0 ACS.
=== Season 2 (0 ACS - 33 ACS) ===
The transition from Season 1 to Season 2 brought about some changes in the geopolitical landscape, especially in the form of the collapse of several nations. Notably, Three Stars ceased to exist - the fallen Kingdom's land was briefly taken by Tokiyo as Sparta in 0 ACS, but Danieer, Brazilian and Americana, the three admins at the time, bombed it, forcing him to relocate to the mountains to the east and leaving the city in ruin. The remainders of Three Stars were completely nuked in 21 ACS, with the land being annexed by Cumania as Area 69.
Additionally, the fate of Temeria was initially uncertain, with Americana briefly making it a vassal of Carthage in 0 ACS, but ultimately abandoning it to co-rule Cumania with Danieer. He sought to completely redesign Spawn, erasing most existing buildings, modifying the terrain and coastline and building massive walls around it, known as the Temerian Walls due to Cumania being briefly renamed to Temeria in 10 ACS. A server-wide subway project was also initiated, but only grew to encompass neighboring Brighton and New Merton during Season 2.
Carthage and the Water Empire retained their status as dominant world powers. In 4 ACS, Carthage and the NCCC began expanding in the Cuman Sea, claiming the islands of Lepcis and Fort Omaha while starting to build a series of fortifications around Brighton, partly due to the recent revelation that Londin was, in fact, Ekros, despite not being confirmed at the time. He objected, claiming the Island of the Holy Cross off the coast of Phoenicia - which was already under Carthaginian control, prompting a strong reaction by Brazilian and Frisia, who retook it and expanded fortifications around Brighton, building a wall that completely blocked off its sea access.
In the meantime, former Ekrosia was seized from Neo-Suceavan control by Cumania as Area 56, a testing area for various things - used chiefly by Carthage to develop TNT cannon prototypes. Finally, in 9 ACS, tensions blew over and Carthage declared war on Brighton, sacking it and proclaiming its annexation by the NCCC as New Seattle. Ekros briefly attempted to establish New Cairo in the southwest, but gave up by 13 ACS and the NCCC also annexed it as Roanoke.
In 10 ACS, Danieer left Cumania to found Scotland with Normandy in the northern Cuman Sea. The following year, Kiel and Dozant also joined it, after the latter briefly established Carmothia in the Amazon Rainforest - coincidentally, close to a Neo-Suceavan colony just established by Kaisaras, New Rome. Tokiyo also once again relocated Sparta to the Kerrack Swamps and renamed it to Sintra, after its other new member. However, Scotland and Carthage launched a Crusade against it that same year. It also briefly became a Scottish vassal in 12 ACS. Finally, to the northeast of that region, Newer established Neweria.
Americana himself left Cumania in 12 ACS, reestablishing Temeria as a Scottish vassal in an archipelago to the west of it. However, a crisis struck the region in 13 ACS, as Carthage attempted to establish an alliance with Scotland. Danieer opposed it, causing them to recognize pro-alliance Normandy as King of Scotland instead, generating a schism. Tensions reached a breaking point as Danieer bombed a nearby Carthaginian fort, but the situation deescalated as Carthage abandoned its efforts. Meanwhile, Sintra was sacked and destroyed by Scotland due to Tokiyo violating orders not to enter the Kingdom.
Carthage continued its colonial expansion, with Complex establishing New Castile across the bay from New Rome in 17 ACS and the NCCC creating New Albany at the Oxus River and New Colorado immediately west of Temeria, causing tensions, especially over the colony of New Reno to the north, which Americana accused of being an encirclement attempt. An expedition to the Northern Gulf in 22 ACS also led to the NCCC claiming New Colón, later known as New Guam. Around this time, Ekros and Rojo briefly lived in New Rome before founding Anverdwen, a new member of the Water Empire, with Perpetua to the southeast of New Merton. Rayan also founded Arstotzka to the south of the Cuman Sea.
Despite having colonized Aodinia and explored very far into the west, eventually founding Ardenia in another continent, Scotland had entered a period of decline after the events of 13 ACS, which would culminate in Danieer returning to Cumania in 27 ACS and Normandy, now the King, renaming it to Agartha. Due to this, by 24 ACS, Temeria had broken off its vassal status and Kiel seceded as Aedirn, with both uniting to form the confederation of Temeria-Aedirn.
==== Season 2.5 (26 ACS - 33 ACS) ====
Temeria-Aedirn's existence, however, was short-lived, as in 26 ACS, with the completion of the Temerian Castle, Frisia accused Americana of militarizing the contested region. In a fit of rage and seeking to prevent a potential invasion due to Carthage's omission, the latter then deleted both the castle and the islands of Temeria, with the NCCC attempting to annex it as New Aurora. Frisia then created the parallel Pirate Confederation, establishing the ports of Haven in the western Ekrosian Sea and New Providence in the southern Cuman Sea. Arstotzka also placed itself under Neo-Mertonian protection in 28 ACS.
New nations emerged during this period - Breton founded New Brittany northwest of New Castile and Murilolucas founded Acre in the swamps of the Western Continent. In 32 ACS, it was renamed to Rio Branco and made a Carthaginian vassal. In 30 ACS, Americana created Zerrikania, this time in the far east, being joined by Kiel, Danieer and others. This caused the abandonment of Aedirn and Agartha - which, despite resistance from Normandy - even in the form of becoming a Zerrikanian vassal - was ultimately bought by Carthage, consolidating its hegemony over the northern Cuman Sea. Finally, in that same year, Tokiyo returned and attempted to establish Israel, only for it to be sacked by the NCCC. 
In 31 ACS, Brazilian proposed a conference to settle all territorial disputes and draw borders between nations. In the lead-up to it, all countries made massive claims to various parts of the world, especially Zerrikania, which declared its will to stay isolated from the rest of the world and created a Neutral Zone in the desert separating it from Cumania. However, the conference never took place, as in 33 ACS, Season 2 abruptly came to a close as the world was inadvertently replaced by Minecrosia (see details below). Due to the latest save file being from 26 ACS, everything that came after was lost, and is now thus known as Season 2.5 - the Lost Era.
=== Season 3 (241 ACS - 333 ACS) ===
After a long hiatus and the full lifetimes of both Minecrosia and MCEarth 2, Cumania returned for a third season in 241 ACS. Once again, nations such as Anverdwen had ceased to exist, while others such as Zerrikania and Israel were wiped out altogether due to the world being reverted to as it was in 26 ACS. Nevertheless, New Brittany and Acre were reestablished in that same year, while Americana founded Novigrad in the northwest and Imperium founded New Michigania in the southwest. Acre once again accepted Carthaginian suzerainty.
Due to the reboot, most claims made in 31 and 32 ACS were never fully reasserted, with the exception of New Merton's. This left the fate of territories such as the now-intact Temeria-Aedirn unclear. Ultimately, the entirety of the former nation, including its colony of Aodinia, was declared a Historical Zone and annexed by Cumania, while neighboring Scotland was once again annexed by Carthage. Former Anverdwen was annexed by the NCCC in 244 ACS.
In 243 ACS, Frisia noticed that a bridge at his colony of New Reno had been broken. The colony had a contentious history during Season 2, being the subject of disputes with Temeria, so Frisia not only accused Americana, but also incorrectly assumed there had been a road in the territory, demanding compensation in the form of stone bricks. He refused, leading to the Sack of Novigrad by the NCCC, deepening the rivalry between the two. It was later revealed that Kiel had broken the bridge while moving from Aedirn to Novigrad, which he had also joined. The Sack led to Novigrad being briefly dissolved, but reestablished soon after.
Further new nations arose in the mid-240s. Aimless founded Transoxiana by the Oxus River in the east, Pacc founded New Chicago on the island of Gallia, between New Castile and New Brittany, and Raspy founded the Soviet Confederation in the far southwest. In 246 ACS, Tangier broke off from Carthaginian suzerainty, leading to the Tangier War of Independence. Tangier was supported by Arstotzka, which had previously attempted to declare war on every existing nation and was swiftly occupied by Carthage. Ultimately, Carthage failed to fully subdue Tangier, but the eastern part of the city was made into their puppet, the Tangier Protectorate, led by BIG MAC.
In 247 ACS, Kaisaras' colony of New Rome switched allegiance from the Water Empire to Carthage. This ultimately led to the collapse of the Empire, as New Suceava was abandoned (save for a small island, which became a Historical Zone of Cumania) and New Merton was annexed by Arstotzka. However, that same year, the Triarchy of Allah was formed by Tangier, Arstotzka and Transoxiana, with the goal of continuing to oppose Carthaginian hegemony. The Mamluk Caliphate was founded and joined the union in 249 ACS, renaming it as the Tetrarchy of Allah.
After a failed attempt to take the NCCC colony of New Colón in 248 ACS, Pacc decided to relocate New Chicago across the Northern Gulf to the Western Continent. At the same time, Novigrad expanded south across the Kovir Strait and into the mainland. However, both of those actions conflicted with Tangier claims made after the War of Independence. As a result, the Kovir War broke out, but Tangier gave in to their demands before any actual fighting took place. After this, Tangier was renamed as Moravia and New Chicago renamed as New Illinois; in 251 ACS, the latter became a Novigradian protectorate as one of its members, CuteAlpacas, left to found Ulm in the northwest. Arth also founded Gauja further north that same year, while Theothanos founded Battania and Buckeria founded Nether Roof, both in the southwest and in 269 ACS.
During the 250s, amidst the Cold War between Carthage and the Tetrarchy, the former made a secret alliance with Novigrad known as the Tyre Coalition, with the goal of fighting a war against the Tetrarchy. The plan was to have New Illinois attack Moravia for further territories to spark a war, in exchange for giving the protectorate independence; however, when it was declared in 257 ACS, Transoxiana collapsed and the Mamluk Caliphate withdrew, leaving the union in ruin.
Three years later, Carthage declared war on Moravia due to their border wall being violated. Prague once again surrendered without fighting, leading to the reunification of Tangier as a Carthaginian vassal and the dissolution of the Tetrarchy of Allah. However, Carthage betrayed New Illinois and Novigrad by demanding the return of their freshly-annexed territories. Together with the refusal to sell the northern part of Gallia, which was annexed after the relocation of New Chicago, to New Brittany, this led to the formation of the secret Kovir Pact between the three nations, themselves now seeking to topple Carthage.
Finally, in 273 ACS, the Great Northern War broke out between Carthage and the Kovir Pact for control over the Northern Gulf. The Pact was initially successful, sacking Acre and defeating a Carthaginian invasion of New Illinois, but ultimately failed to accomplish its objectives as Acre was liberated and Novigrad itself invaded, with its landmark Dunluce Castle being damaged. Thus, a ceasefire was signed, followed by the Treaty of Cumania, which had Carthage cede Gallia to New Brittany and end its suzerainty over Acre in exchange for the dissolution of the Kovir Pact. Novigrad ceded continental Kovir to New Illinois, and a member of Acre, Adelnoor, left to found Leland further south.
After the war, both Carthage and Novigrad entered a period of decline. Carthage, at that time, decided to shift its focus north rather than west, as the NCCC built the Transcontinental Railway and colonized areas such as the village of Anaheim and Port York, while abandoning western investments such as New Guam, which was sold to New Brittany. The emperor of Carthage, Neim, started construction of a new city in the province of Mauretania, as control over the island of Phoenicia was consolidated. However, in 280 ACS, disagreements between Neim and Frisia over land usage rights and the NCCC's status and rights led to it ending its association with Carthage. Brazilian, with Novigradian support, reasserted himself as co-consul, hoping to make amends with the Company. However, Neim himself also left soon after, proclaiming Mauretania's secession as the Blackstone Legion, leaving Brazilian as emperor of a severely weakened Carthage.
Simultaneously, Americana was able to recover Novigrad's strength by recruiting various new members, ultimately enabling him to realize his greatest project - the rebirth of Novigrad as the First Nilfgaardian Empire. With an unique and strongly hierarchical system governed by the Cartas Mestras - administrative charters that were constantly reformulated and adapted - the Empire was able to efficiently develop large swathes of land, expanding to the northwestern world borders. In its longest-lasting structure, the Empire was composed of four kingdoms - Novigrad, Redania, Cintra and Nubis, each composed of smaller duchies and counties, that were assigned for individual members to manage. 
After the events of 280 ACS, the Tyre Bloc was formed as an alliance between Nilfgaard, Carthage, the NCCC and Kisanaga - a reformed Soviet Confederation. In 285 ACS, with colonization efforts fully focused on the island of Saikyō, the NCCC was renamed as the Nōzatetsu and once again became associated with Carthage, which was increasingly seeking to reintegrate Blackstone as well. In that same year, the Sack of Battania took place as Kisanaga burned down the capital of neighboring Battania, leading to its expulsion from the Tyre Bloc and subsequent proximity with Blackstone. In 294 ACS, war nearly broke out between Nilfgaard and Blackstone due to a dispute over the village of Caen in the far north. Carthage kept pushing for war even after the crisis' resolution, going as far as seizing a Blackstone ship - but backed down as Brazilian decided to abdicate in shame, exiling himself in Nilfgaard. This began the Carthaginian Interregnum, during which the Empire was uninhabited and lost even further territories - Tangier was released, as was Kaisaras' Scrotum Republic and the Cow Confederacy, while the various overseas territories were split between Blackstone, Cumania and the once again free Nōzatetsu, which remained in an alliance with Nilfgaard known as the SMART.
With the Carthaginian power vacuum, Nilfgaard proceeded to establish full hegemony over northwestern Cumania, known as the "Pax Nordica". In 299 ACS, it invaded and vassalized its former ally, New Brittany. However, Breton returned the colony of New Guam to the Nōzatetsu, causing a crisis that led to the fall of the SMART and further exacerbation of the rivalry between Americana and Frisia, which had persisted since the fall of Temeria and through the Sack of Novigrad - ultimately culminating in war in 305 ACS after the Nōzatetsu attempted to colonize west of the Kovir Strait. As a result, Nilfgaard seized its most prized colony, Saikyō, as the vassal of Haakland. With New Illinois once again becoming a protectorate and annexing Tangier, and a border agreement being signed with Acre, the Empire was at the height of its power and influence.
Kisanaga, as the second-most powerful force in Cumania at the time, attempted to stand up to Nilfgaard. In 306 ACS, it formed the Emerald League, an alliance including Battania, Nether Roof, Ulm and the Nōzatetsu, as well as the newly-founded Siberia, Highlands and Zverskiy - led by Rares, Ben and Etiennal, respectively. After a failed double agent plot carried out by Nilfgaard, the League - except for Nether Roof - declared war in 308 ACS, beginning a surprise attack. However, the war was cut short when Brazilian closed the server, ostensibly to stop an ambiguously illegal Zverskiy incursion into the main Novigrad storage using a Nether Portal. This led to a massive drama outburst and spillover into BMC, which ultimately resulted in the cancellation of the war, the dissolution of the Emerald League and the creation of an "Union of Cuman Nations" as an international body to prevent further wars - which never functioned de facto. 
The fallout was immediate. Raspy, in protest, blew up most of Kisanaga, disbanding it. Nubis, led by BrasilBola, seceded from Nilfgaard, which released New Illinois. Americana abdicated, appointing Normandy, the king of Cintra, as emperor; however, the Empire collapsed altogether in 309 ACS, with Cintra and Redania - led by Kiel - becoming independent nations. Americana refounded Novigrad, while Brazilian returned to Carthage, ending the Interregnum and reunifying it as Blackstone and Scrotum rejoined, with him and Neim becoming co-emperors. The Nōzatetsu also pledged alliance for a third time. After these events, Zverskiy arose as the foremost global power, being joined by Raspy, who brought the riches of Kisanaga. Ulm submitted to Zverskiy in 317 ACS as well.
The now independent Nilfgaardian kingdoms shared an alliance dubbed the Northern League, and in 313 ACS, reunified altogether as the Second Nilfgaardian Empire. However, the damage of the events of 308 ACS were irreversible for Cumania, and the server's activity began to decline. In 314 ACS, BrasilBola left Nilfgaard once again to found New Three Stars, but it was dissolved by 328 ACS. Battania was dissolved in 326 ACS, largely annexed by Nether Roof, and Nilfgaard itself was abolished for the final time in 324 ACS, with much of its developed land becoming Historical Zones under Cumania. 
It was due to this decay in server activity that it was decided that Cumania, after a total of 139 days of runtime, would come to an end. The server was shut down for the final time in 333 ACS, ending Season 3 - and with it, the first BMC Minecraft server. It was succeeded by Old Mediterranea 20 days after its shutdown, but it and its successors, Folban and Cave Cumania, saw little activity in comparison. It was Mediterranea that brought about the true revival of BMCMC, along with Orbis - Cumania and the latter two are now known as the "Big Three", for being the most active and influential servers.
== Physical Description ==
=== Original Seed ===
Cumania was created as a random world with seed 7388246617543891835. It features a great diversity of biomes even close to spawn, including desert, plains, dark oak forests, regular forests, swamps, jungles, extreme hills and savannahs. This seed was used regularly during Season 1.
=== Conjunction of the Spheres ===
When Season 2 was set to bring the Cumania map back, there was a problem: at the moment, nobody could afford a paid host, meaning Aternos would have to be used once again. However, Aternos had a limit of 200 MB for uploading worlds (and neither Brazilian and Danieer, who were working on the return, knew of server.pro, which didn't have such limit), so the solution was to cut out several chunks from the world, making it lighter. This was done with the assumption that the cut out chunks would simply regenerate with the same seed.
However, for unknown reasons, the seed changed, and a different world began to generate on the cut out chunks. This world, seed 27594263 and generated with large biomes, had a completely different geography, being made up of a colossal central ocean, the Minecrosian ocean. So big was the ocean, in fact, that the original Cumania map was "trapped" inside it as if it were a large island. This event is known as the Conjunction of the Spheres, taking place on July 14th, 2019, marking the Year 0 of the Cuman calendar.
This odd scenario would eventually lead to Season 2's demise, as when Danieer simply changed the world folder's name, the chunks reset, leaving only the second seed. The resulting world was known as Minecrosia.
=== Season 3 Rollback ===
Due to the abrupt reset of the world, the latest backup Brazilian had was the one from a week before, which was used to change the host from Aternos to a paid one. This was the one which would be used in the eventual Season 3, leaving any constructions made between August 9th and August 16th nonexistent, making this period be referred as "mythical". Additionally, further chunks disappeared from the original seed and which were present in Season 2, notably a large square south of Three Stars and areas of northern Nubis. The reasons remain unknown to this day.