TV Globo

(stylized as ), formerly known as (from ) or simply , is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, owned by the media conglomerate Grupo Globo. It was founded on April 26, 1965, by the media proprietor Roberto Marinho, who managed for the rest of his life. It's the largest commercial TV network in Latin America and the second-largest commercial TV network in the world (just behind ABC in the United States) and the largest producer of telenovelas.
==TV Globo (first era)==
===1965–1966===
It began as a TV station in Rio de Janeiro on Channel 4. Its first logo, designed by Aloisio Magalhães, was a 4-point pinwheel star, a reference to the number four. This logo was short-lived as Globo soon expanded its presence.
===1966–1976===
When TV Globo began expanding with its second station in São Paulo in 1966 (which replaced the old channel TV Paulista) six months earlier, the logo was replaced with a new design by Mauro Borja Lopes. This is the first logo as a global sphere for the Earth (hence, globo, the name taken from its homonymous newspaper) with two meridians and an equator, a form still represented today.
==Rede Globo de Televisão==
===1970–1972===
After the creation of Jornal Nacional, TV Globo changed its name to Rede Globo de Televisão and introduced an extension of its logo in 1970. The seven rings represented the original TV stations of Globo: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador (today affiliated with SBT, with TV Bahia as its successor), Minas Gerais, Porto Alegre and Brasilia (whose station lasted less than a year, and formed its own station the next year), being the first television network in Brazil nationwide. The text was in Microgramma typeface font.
==Rede Globo==
===1972–1976===
In 1972, Globo rebranded to simply Rede Globo, coinciding with its experimental color broadcasts.
===1976–2008===
====1976–1981 (primary); 1981-1986 (secondary)====
In 1975, German/Austrian designer Hans Donner was hired to redesign the Globo symbol. The result consisted of a sphere with a rounded rectangular cutout representing a television screen, and a second sphere within the screen. As such, it could be represented as an illustration for seeing the Earth through the television screen. It debuted on the screen on March 8, 1976, along with new programming at that time. This design would later be the basis for all future logos.
While the logo used cyan-white gradients, Dolphin Productions in New York created some IDs with a glassy-green logo. There was also a monochrome variant, which had a "shading" technique that resembles the color symbol.
Originally, it appeared to be a secondary symbol, as seen in an unused 1975 logo pack, which features an animation with a symbol similar to the one finally used, while its main logo was completely different.
====1981–1983====
In April 1981, the Globo logo was given a 3D metal texture. The idents shown during the period were animated by the Computer Graphics Lab at NYIT (currently Pixar Animation Studios).
====1983–1986====
In 1983, the Globo logo appeared for the first time in full 3D, in the "Abre-Alas" and "" IDs. Those 3D idents were modeled at PDI.
====1986–1992====
=====1986–1988 (primary); 1988–1990 (secondary)=====
The Globo logo was given another major facelift in 1986, in which the screen was filled with rainbow-colored gradients. This image variant was mostly seen during sign-ons and sign-offs between 1986-1992. These idents and the next ones were made by Globograph, a company founded by Donner. Some idents had a gentle motion where the colors of the "screen" were moving upwards, similar to the effect on the current logo.
=====1988–1990=====
=====1991–1992=====
The rainbow gradient inside the logo was now formed by triangles (which was retained up until 2008). The gradient was also inverted so the purple was at the top and the pink on the bottom.
====1992–2008====
=====1992–1994=====
On April 5, 1992, the logo was overhauled with the three-dimensional spheres being ray-traced, an innovation at that time. Reflections and glows were also added to the logo, as well as the edges of the "screen" being more rounded and bent.
=====1994–1995=====
=====1996–2000=====
In 1996, the previous logo received minor enhancements, becoming darker and receiving bolder lines. The brightness is also emphasized in the new symbol.
=====2000–2004=====
In 2000, the previous logo received a simplified metallic texture. It was launched on April 2, 2000, along with the "Globo Glass" series of idents, in which the logo was rendered on transparent glass, reflecting the scenery of various locations in Brazil and the world.
=====2005–2008=====
During late-2004 the logo became lighter, shinier, and had its texture color "inverted" in a way. This change was made in time for Globo's 40th anniversary and debuted on December 26, 2004 during that year's edition of Estação Globo prior to its full debut on January 1, 2005.
==Globo==
===2008–present===
====2008–2014====
On March 30, 2008, the Globo logo received its biggest redesign since 1975, and its biggest layout update since 1992, a few months after the launch of digital television in Brazil. The "screen" in the center of the symbol was modified to the 16:9 aspect ratio, and the colors were now made out of scan lines. The spheres' chrome texture was totally overhauled and simplified to create a smile effect according to Hans Donner. During this era, the network became known as simply Globo, although the shorter name was used before 2008 during promos.
===2014–2021===
====2014–2015====
In October 2013, a 111-second animation video was leaked, showing Rede Globo logo evolution through its history, ending with a redesigned version of its iconic logo. Months later, this same logo was officially launched on its Vem_aí upfront event - three days prior to the rollout - in April 2014. 
The logo dropped the highly stylized metallic look in favor of a simplified gloss/gradient texture, along with a new gentle wave motion effect for the colors of the "screen", accompanied by a new motto of the network: "Globo is moving to keep up with life, the world, and you." It also approaches the trend of two-dimensional design by promoting the 2008 monochrome logo as an alternate, being often used since 2013. 
*Nova Marca da Globo está no Ar; Conheça e entenda como Mudanças (Portuguese)
*The Branding Source - Globo gets a cleaner globe
*Brand New - New Logo for Rede Globo by Hans Donner and In-house
====2015–2021====
In October 2014, a slight update of the logo was launched - initially as a secondary logo - making it more flat-shaded by discarding the lilac shadows from the former one. On March 15, 2015, it was promoted to the main logo.
==TV Globo (second era)==
===2021–present===
Since January 2020, Rede Globo, Globosat, Globo.com, and DGCorp operations were all merged to form a single company named Globo. Thus, Rede Globo was rebranded back as TV Globo (stylized as tvglobo) after more than fifty years. The Globo brand name by itself was no longer directly related to the network.
This logo officially debuted on-air on December 1, 2021 during Jornal Nacional, and features more vibrant colors which take over the full screen. Instead of the screen being rainbow-colored (a motif used since 1986), it now adopts different color palettes, in addition of the white spheres slightly reflecting the background color - which may or may not be contrasting - on screen applications.
Initially, the red logo variation, used as the Entertainment on-screen bug and credits logo, was the default version until being switched to the blue one, used for News.
*TV Globo estreia nova identidade visual (Portuguese)
==External links==
*TV Globo (in Portuguese)
Category:TV Globo
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