Enryaku-ji

is a Tendai monastery located on Mount Hiei, overlooking Kyoto. It was founded during the early Heian period.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 111. The temple complex was established by Saichō (767–822), also known as Dengyō Daishi, who introduced the Tendai sect of Mahayana Buddhism to Japan from China. Enrayku-ji is the headquarters of the Tendai sect and one of the most significant monasteries in Japanese history. The founders of Jōdo shū, Sōtō Zen, and Nichiren Buddhism all spent time at the monastery. Enryaku-ji is also the home of the "marathon monks."
==History==
With the support of Emperor Kammu, the Buddhist monk Saichō ordained a hundred disciples in 807. Maintaining a strict discipline on Mt. Hiei, his monks lived in seclusion for twelve years of study and meditation. After this period, the best students were retained in positions in the monastery and others graduated into positions in the government. At the peak of its power, Enryaku-ji was a huge complex of as many as 3,000 sub-temples and a powerful army of . In the tenth century, succession disputes broke out between Tendai monks of the line of Ennin and Enchin. These disputes resulted in opposing Tendai centers at Enryaku-ji and at Miidera, known respectively as the and the . Warrior monks were used to settle the disputes, and Tendai leaders began to hire mercenary armies who threatened rivals and even marched on the capital to enforce monastic demands.
As part of a program to remove all potential rivals and unite the country, warlord Oda Nobunaga ended this Buddhist militancy in 1571 by attacking Enryaku-ji, leveling the buildings and slaughtering monks. Enryaku-ji's current structures date from the late 16th century through the first half of the 17th century, when the temple was reconstructed following a change of government.
Today, most of Enryaku-ji's buildings are clustered in three areas: Tō-dō (東塔, "East Pagoda"), Sai-tō (西塔, "West Pagoda"), and Yokawa (横川). The monastery's most important buildings are concentrated in Tō-dō.
File:Enryakuji Daikodo01n3200.jpg|
File:Enryakuji Kanchodo01n3200.jpg|
File:Enryakuji Monjuro02n3200.jpg| 
File:Enryakuji Shoro01n4272.jpg|a bell tower
File:Enryakuji Toto01n3200.jpg|
File:Enryakuji Amidado.jpg|
File:Enryakuji Kaidanin01n3200.jpg|
File:Enryaku-ji Yokokawa-chudo-r.jpg|
==See also==
* Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)
* List of Buddhist temples in Kyoto
* For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism.
*List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)
* List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents)
*List of National Treasures of Japan (writings)
*List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)
==Notes==
==References==
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society.
== External links ==
*Official site (English)
*Japan Atlas: Enryaku-Ji Temple
*Photos of Mount Hiei and the three precincts of Enryaku-ji Temple
Category:788 establishments
Category:Nara period
Category:1st-millennium establishments
Category:Buddhist temples in Shiga Prefecture
Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan
Category:Ōtsu
Category:Tendai
Category:National Treasures of Japan
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