Human

Humans are a sapient, bipedal, mammalian dominant species native to planet Earth, who by the 22nd century has become a technologically advanced species capable of interstellar travel and colonization.
By the year 2170, humanity has reached a population of over 20 billion and faces extinction due to overpopulation and dwindling resources on Earth, resulting in not only resource wars on Earth, but also on Pandora with the Na'vi.
== Background ==
According to humans, they are "mid-sized hominid primates and the only extant species of the genus Homo", with an upright bipedal posture and prehensile forelimbs, each with a highly dexterous five-digit hand adapted for fine motor functions. Humans also display noticeable sexual dimorphism, with male humans generally being taller and more muscular than female humans.
The human skeletal structures are quite small and weak by Pandoran standards and are prone to losing muscle strength in the lighter gravity of Pandora without constant exercise. In combat, humans tend to avoid melee combat and favor chemically powered range-based projectile weapons such as firearms, and employ heavy use of aircraft and weaponized exoskeletons such as the AMP suit.
Like Pandoran animals, humans are oxygen-breathers, but can't survive in the high-carbon dioxide atmosphere of Pandora, and thus are heavily dependent on air filtration systems such as exopacks.
Humans have brains capable of abstract reasoning, advanced language, introspection, problem-solving, and organization, and over the millennia have accumulated knowledge and expertise, as well as countless wars on Earth since their founding of their first civilization. Although anatomically human brains are far less complex than the Na'vi brains, which are specially evolved for interspecies neural bonding, humans were able to design and build complex machinery. Na'vi philosophy, meanwhile, forbids such practices.
Because of Earth's natural shortages, human diet consists of diminishing phytoplanktons, low-quality carbohydrates and synthetic proteins.James Cameron's Avatar: An Activist Survival Guide
==History==
=== Evolution ===
Modern humans first evolved between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago. They are part of the genus Homo. The genus includes now extinct hominids such as Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalenis (Neanderthals), Homo ergaster, Homo habilis, and many more. As referred to earlier in this page, Homo Sapiens are the only surviving member of the genus, thanks to their unparalleled intelligence compared to the rest of the genus. The modern human's earliest common ancestor with all other primates is the rat-like purgatorius.
===20th century===
Humanity began forays into the universe during the mid-20th century after their Second World War, first by launching 'primitive' satellites into low orbit, and then sending human occupants to orbit around their planet. About 25 years after the first unmanned craft was launched from Earth, humans first made the journey to the nearest celestial body to Earth, the Moon, working as a political milestone for one of the biggest superpowers on the planet during its Cold War against another nation. Manned missions to the Moon happened for a period of four years until the Moon Program was cancelled.
===21st century===
In the early 21st century, Humanity set up an international coalition dedicated to funding and building the International Space Station in low Earth orbit. in the following decades, private corporations grouped together and built interstellar vessels like the ISV Venture Star, which allowed the human race to expand to other nearby star systems, particularly the Alpha Centauri System, and explore their planets and moons.
Sometime during this century, the Resources Development Administration was formed in Silicon Valley, California when its two founders borrow money from friends and family to begin the company. The corporation would eventually grow into a powerful staple of society.
===22nd century===
Following the ravaging of their home planet by pollution and war which left Earth largely unsuitable for life and in the midst of an energy crisis, the goal of humans shifted to venturing to Pandora to mine the mineral unobtanium, which is valued at 20 million dollars a kilogram. The Security Operations (Sec-Ops) group, which is owned by the RDA, was installed at Hell's Gate to protect the interests of the RDA as they mine the valuable mineral from Pandora. Sec-Ops also served to prevent any and all intrusions by Pandoran natives. The RDA also established the Science Operations (Sci-Ops), a branch dedicated to researching Pandora, interacting with natives, and possibly synthesizing various flora and fauna for practical use on Earth; compared to Sec-Ops and the Mining Operations, Sci-Ops is largely underfunded.The World of Avatar: A Visual Exploration
Though relations between the human and the Na'vi initially started peaceful, things eventually deteriorated. Tensions and conflicts escalated to the point where both sides were on the brink of war. Upon Jake Sully's arrival on Pandora, the RDA made one last attempt to find a diplomatic and peaceful agreement with the Na'vi, so they could mine the unobtanium from the moon without interference. However, this unfortunately failed and the RDA resorted to using full force against the Na'vi in order to get the resources they desired. 
The RDA's plans were foiled by the Na'vi who defeated them during the Battle of the Hallelujah Mountains with the help of like-minded humans. Most humans were exiled from Pandora, though a few were permitted to stay. Many of the humans who stayed behind did not agree with the RDA's goals and worked with the Na'vi to rebuild, as well as sustain themselves. Despite this, relations between the humans who stayed and the Na'vi remained resentful. The remaining humans on Pandora were eventually able to build a suitable home for themselves where they could survive and even started to raise families of their own.
However, although the RDA was banished from Pandora, they returned fourteen years later and established the Bridgehead complex to create a permanent colony, as Earth's situation deteriorated to almost uninhabitable levels. Many of the humans who originally stayed on Pandora were forced to return to the RDA. Reasons for this included fear for their own lives and the lives of their loved ones, while others were secretly still loyal to the RDA. Even so, some humans remained with the Na'vi side and joined a group called the Resistance led by Jake Sully in a series of guerrilla operations against the RDA during the Second Pandoran War. Later on, the RDA started plundering the Pandoran oceans for their resources as well, and even found amrita, a substance which could stop human aging and potentially make people live for hundreds of years.
===Far Future===
Generations after the RDA's chokehold presence on Pandora, they were finally expelled for good and Alpha Centauri Expeditions set to work repairing the relationship between Na'vi and humans. After reaching peace with the nearby Omatikaya clan, ACE set up a thriving ecotourism system in the Valley of Mo'ara so that humans could return to Pandora and learn about the Na'vi, as well as about the RDA's harmful practices. The Pandora Conservation Initiative helped to undo environmental destruction caused by the RDA and relaunched the Avatar Program to continue their research and allow guests to experience Pandora through avatar bodies. With these measures in place, Na'vi and humans largely live harmoniously.
==Technology==
Humans have created advanced technology over the centuries, including sub-luminal interplanetary and interstellar space travel and colonization, which is required to travel between Earth and the Alpha Centauri system in a realistic time span. Other technologies developed are virtual 3D printing and holography mapping; and advanced methods of cryonics and psionics (via synthetic telepathy interface) are employed. Using their capability of advanced genetic engineering, humans develop "Avatar" hybrid bodies from genetically distinct modified-human DNA and Na'vi alien genetic material. Through psionics, genetically matched humans are then mind-linked to these "Avatars" for remote control operation. Since humans are unable to breathe Pandora's atmosphere, they must use exopacks (supplied to them by the RDA) when on the moon's surface. The Avatar Program technology enables the transfer of human consciousness into cloned human/Na'vi hybrids, known as avatars. Once transferred to an avatar body, a human can live comfortably on Pandora. Later on, Avatars were refined to Recombinants, autonomous Na'vi-like hybrid clones with the memories and personality of a human, which were recorded and stored on a Soul Drive during the individual's lifetime.
In the area of medicine, humans have developed advanced stem cell neuroregeneration technology , such that the protagonist, Jake Sully, hopes it can cure his paralysis. However, in 2154, the technology is still extremely expensive and is not covered by Veterans Affairs benefits. 
==Companies==
Even though humans have advanced technology, they have ravaged their planet, Earth, to the point of resource depletion. As such, the economies of Earth's nations have become poor. The majority of power on Earth has been split up among powerful companies, corporations and organizations that enlist ex-military soldiers and civilians.
A list of notable human organizations, including those with substantial presence on Pandora, are as follows.
*DBI - manufacturer of science machinery
*Hirte and Fahl Arms Manufacturing Ltd.
*IBSF Protection Solutions
*Interplanetary Commerce Administration (ICA)
*Masa-Cirre Ltd.
*Matanza Arms Corporation
*Resources Development Administration (RDA)
**Security Operations (Sec-Ops)
*Pandoran Research Foundation (PRF)
*Pandora Conservation Initiative (PCI)
*Alpha Centauri Expeditions (ACE)
*Sinclair Precision Piping
*FDM- manufacturer of heavy equipment
==Na'vi views on humans==
Humanity is the first and only alien species known to the Na'vi, the sapient species native to Pandora. Many Na'vi find humans especially horrifying. While the Na'vi tower over humans and do not fear them in a physical sense, they know how cruel and dangerous humans can be, from their polluting factories and their advanced weaponry. Other reasons involve the way humans have treated their own kind, instigating wars and killing each other over politics in their blood-stained past, as well as destroying the environment (although Na'vi are largely unaware of human history). Humans have also exploited and killed animals on a mass scale, especially in slaughterhouses.
As a result, many Na'vi such as Neytiri generally do not like the species and are wary of the suffering humans can bring, believing they lack deep empathy, spirituality and are unable to "see". The Omatikaya clan once forbid contact with all humans and avatars. In Frontiers of Pandora, walking around the Na'vi can make the player hear comments about how they pity the Sky People.
The Na'vi refer to these aliens (humans) that are invading and colonizing their moon as tawtute (pl. sawtute), meaning "sky person/people" in the Na'vi language, and derogatorily as "pinkskins".Comic series They have also been called vrrtep ("demons") by Tsu'tey and Ronal.
== Trivia ==
* Humans may be considered, for the most part, the main antagonists of the Avatar series due to the Resources Development Administration being comprised of humans, as well as due to ruining Earth and Pandora. Despite this, various good-natured exist on both sides in the franchise.
*James Cameron said the Na'vi are supposed to represent the better aspects of humanity (caring for the environment, respecting animals, trying to create a peaceful world, etc). He hopes audiences will aspire to be more like the Na'vi. He denies he is anti-human, saying most audiences have figured this message out, and said people who don't understand this message by now are pseudo-intellectual boneheads. He also mentions the fact that the Avatar films are successful at the box office is evidence people understand the message, and gives him faith in humanity.https://www.reddit.com/r/Avatar/comments/1bq1nlb/james_cameron_on_pseudo_intellectual_critics_who/
*Jakes states "I don't want your pity, you want a fair deal, you're on the wrong planet." This would indicate that humanity has fallen into deep apathy as by the 22nd century humanity has been conditioned and numb to Earth degraded natural, social, and political conditions.
== External links ==
* Human on Wikipedia
* Avatar vs Human on HumanCompare
==References==
de:Mensch
fr:Humain
pl:Człowiek
ru:Человек
Category:Species
Category:Earth Species
Category:Avatar
Category:Avatar: The Way of Water
Category:Avatar: Pandora Rising
Category:Avatar: The Game
Category:Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora
Category:RDA