EU ieus

EU ieus esti skipt ab wiswa reuls applicable ibs institutions ios Europay Union, ibs Memberstats, ed irims statans in ia competence xeimens ios Union. Tod ieus brehct id national (wa innerstat) ieus iom Memberstats ed ghehldt fauran pro i EU civs.
== Ia EU competences ==
Id communitar methode est id magn innovation iom dehtorpaters. Eet tienjien-ye bestohmt ad oistambhes ia conflicts inter ia Stats. Est id methode ios "general interesse". Ia Stats accepte delege ir maghs ei Europay Union. Id prabhil est od id Commission propont ed od id Parlament ed id Concil comdecide.
(zinhaar ! : Ia lexis "Communitat" ed "communitar" tarikhe ex ia 1950tias. Eet tun tolcto ne de Europay Union sontern de ia "Europay Communitats". Buit preter id Europay Communitato de Ghiul ed Stal (ECGS, 1951) dind id Europay Economic Communitat (EEC, 1957) 
Id Lisboa Traiteito defineiht meg-ye clar-ye id daysa iom competencen inter id Union ed ia Memberstats. Ia EU competences sont dayt inter tri categorias :
* Ia exclusive competences : id EU act saul (exempels : commun torgsiyassa, concurrence reuls, Tollunion, monetar siyassa pro ia Stats weidus id euro, khayxian conservation);
* Ia smyohrn competences : id Union ed ia Memberstats poitte legifere ed wides diksdwinghend acts. Ia Memberstats bunge ir competence wawod id Uniono ne hat buct sien : inner mercat, social siyassa, pro ia aspects definiht in id traiteit; economic, social ed territorial cohesion; agriculture ed peisken (ploisko conservation iom biologic marressurcen); ambient; protection im consummern; transports in id Europay Union; transeuropay netwehrgs; energia; rewos om lure, securitat ed justice; commun pands os securitat in matier os sanitat; paursken, technologic antslehnken, space; cooperation pro antslehnken ed humanitar imdadh.
* Ia stehmcompetences : ia Memberstats remane saul competent, bet id Union poitti duce stehmactions au actions os coordination (excludend cada harmonisation iom nationalen legislations): protection ed kayjin os menscensanitat; industrie; culture; tourisme; education; professional formation; yuwent ed sport; civil protection; administrative cooperation
Ia daysaprabhils iom competencen inter id EU ed ia Memberstats sont :
* Id tributionsprabhil : id Union behandt tik ia competences qua sonti tribuen ab ia traiteits. Ceter competences bayghent ia Memberstats.
* Id proportionalitatsprabhil : tod prabhil est inscript in ia traiteits. Impliet mae id action ios Union excedda quo est necessar kay nake ia objectives iom traiteits. Id proportionalitatsprabhil bequadert ed limitet id intervention ios Europay Union in ia xeimens quer smyehrt competences con ia Memberstats
* Id subsidiaritatsprabhil : tod prabhil est inscriben in ia traiteits. Impliet kem id Union ed ids institutions agent tik wawod un EU action est meis adapten ed efficienter quem uno national au regional action. Ia decisions bihnt yinjier emt "prokwst i civs". Kam id proportionalitatsprabhil, tod prabhil bequadert ed limitet id intervention ios EU do ia xeimens iom competencen "oismyohrn" inter tod ed ia Memberstats. Ids interpretation lyehct sub id control iom national parlaments pro ia acts in preparation ed ios EU Regionencomitee pro ia widt acts. Mathalan, id EU Regionencomitee managet uno netwehrg os "subsidiaritatsmonitoring", composen ex centen localen ed regionalen collectivitats. Id netwehrg est invitet ad wehkwe de ia textes qua preparet id EU Commission. Ta contributions pinwnt id mayn quod id EU Regionencomitee deughti kyid Commission.
In id druna iom traiteits, ia EU competences buir extens ad xeimens qua gwohm tuntro ender ia national autoritats. Itak hat kwohken necessar ke ia national parlaments iom Memberstats siant involven do id EU decisionsprocess. Tod involvment emt plur formes :
* un informationsrect : ia EU institutions oiskeule informe ia national parlaments de ia EU legislative actsprojects. Ia institutions ibs transmitte iaschi Glend Buks (actionsighnos seuwtil reactions), ia Albha Buks (intentions ios Commission) tem quem id legislative yarsprogramme;
* un diweidensrect : sei un tridel iom national parlaments kehnst od un texte in preparationo ne est conform ei subsidiaritatsprabhil, id Union dehlct rechehxe id project (tod proceddure est kalt "precoce alerte");
* un rect om control ed vehrten dayir id "rewos om lure, securitat ed justice", besonters id politic control om Europol ed id vehrten iom activitats os Eurojust;
* un participation ibs proceddures os revision iom traiteits tem quem iom accessionseiskwens do id Union;
* un participation ei interparlamentar cooperation inter national parlaments ed inter senters ed id EU Parlament.
 Signature ios Rome Traiteitios dien 25 Mart 1957. Claus id table, levtos dextro : Spaak, Snoy d'Oppuers (Belgia), Pineau, Faure (France), Adenauer, Hallstein (Deutschland), Segni, Martino (Italia), Bech, Schaus (Luxembourg), Luns ed Linthorst Homan (Nederland).
== Id EU diksaurdhen ==
Wawod id Europay Union skeipt un federal international organisation, ia normes qua constituent id forme un diksaurdhen ed sont producbund effects do id diksaurdhen iom Memberstats.
=== Id primar ieus ===
Ia europay traiteits oiskeipe id primar ieus wa orieus. Ta traiteits sont id Traiteito de Europat Union (TEU), id traiteito de id functionment ios Europay Union (TFEU), ed id EU Charta iom Sulrects. Tei menghia addeihnt-se id traiteit instituend id Europay Communitat ios Atomic Energia (ECAE), signen in Rome in 1957 conserven tuntos sub id forme uns distinctios texte, tem quem ia accessionstraiteits iom Stats do id Union.
* Ia Europay traiteits : Euratom (ECAE), specialiset in id betyeicen iom productionszariyas os civil nuclear energia, ed id EEC (Europay Economic Communitat), specialiset in economic matier, gnahr med id Rome traiteit signet dien 25 Mart 1957 ab ia six dehtorlands. Id Bruxelles traiteit (signet dien 8 Aprile 1965 ed in gwis pon dien 1sto Jul 1967) moderniset ia europay institutions ed creet oin Commission ed oin Concil pro ia tri Europay Communitats existend ye tod zaman (EEC, Euratom ed ECGS). Id edifice buit modifien : per id Europay Wahid Act (quod parakapt id wahid mercat, 1986), id Maastricht Traiteit (quod creet id Europay Union, 1992), id Amsterdam Traiteit (1997), id Nice Traiteito (2001) ed id Lisboa Traiteit (2007, in gwis in 2009) quod defineiht precis-ye ia competences tribuen ei EU, ia competences tribuen ibs Memberstats ed ia smyohrn competences. Nundiens, pos id reject ios project os constitutional traiteit, ia traiteits in gwis sont samghatta do id traiteito de Europay Union (TEU, 55 articles) ed id traiteito de id functionment ios Europay Union (TFEU, 358 articles)
* Ia general diksprabhils : quayque ne sont inscriben in ia traiteits, un certaino numer om sulrects, om lures ed prabhils kam vetatrect, id rect uni prabh mahel, leudher wekwos, id prabhil os diksecuritat ed tod os non-discrimination buir ubrancta do "sulrects ios Europay Union" ab id jurisprudence ios Curt os Justice ios Europay Union. Ta lures, rects ed prabhils oiskeipe id sul iom dikssystemes iom Memberstats ed wehse in international conventions qua vasya hant signet, besonters id Europay Convention iom Menscenrects. Id Curt os Justice ios Europay Union ayti ta rects, lures ed prabhils ka EU general diksprabhils ed ibs recogneiht un wirt superior ibs exterplaycts ed acts widt ab ia institutions.
=== Id secundar ieus : conventional ed unilateral acts ===
- Ia conventional acts sont ia exterplaycts id Europay Union hat conclus con tert lands au international organisations, tem quem ia playcts inter Memberstats. Ta playcts dehlgent respecte ia EU traiteits ed ia general prabhils os EU ieus. Id Union titrendt sib udtolke con tertlands transversala playcts includend bewehkwens os tem economic quem politic buhsa. Id Lisboa Traiteit hamraht tod evolution recogneihnd-ye un bilkull-ye plaut competence ei Union ed modernisend-ye ids inner decisionsproceddures.
- Ia acts widt ab ia institutions : ta acts, kwit ka "unilateral", dehlge respecte ia EU traiteits, ia general prabhils os EU ieus ed ia exterplaycts. Skeipent, con ia conventional acts, id EU secundar ieus. Sont diksdwinghend we nedwinghend.
Existent tri types om diksdwinghend acts :
* Id reglament : leitti de un wajib act os general schacheing, ghehldend direct-ye ed integral-ye in ia Memberstats. Concernt also cada civ, qual conferti rects we imponti dohlgs direct-ye, aun od esti tohrben od un national texte introduct id do id legislation iom Memberstats. Mathalan, id reforme ios commun agrent siyassa buit enplacet med reglaments, id leudher kwehlen im orbatern ed irs familia in id Europay Union biht garantiet ed enovert per un reglamenti 1612/68 ios 15 October 1968.
*Id directive : directives oiskeipent ia originalst acts ed id major EU legislative surce. Est un acto quod impont ibs Memberstats nake ziel-on unte prist-on, ed sammel ibs linkwt id cheus iom dikswassilas kay ghehde to (leg, decret, etc...). Id directive dehlct yinjier bihe transposen do ir innerstat ieus ab ia Memberstats kay bihe applicable ter. Id Curt os Justice hat lakin kohnsen od un directive, sei est kafi clar ed precis, poitt bihe direct-ye appliet im civs ed entreprises do id innerstato diksaurdhen unios Memberstat, esdi senter ne habiet bad-ye transpost id directive in sien legislation, pos id mukhla ijapt kay kwehre to. Mathalan, id harmonisation iom technic reuls de products au tod iom nationalen legislations de WAT, in id quader ios riawdals ios inner mercat, bihti tyict med directives.
*Id decision : ia decisions xiseynt sontersituations ed obligent tik i kyust addresseits.
- Ia nedwinghend acts : EU institutions ed organs poitte emitte mayns ed recommandations, direct ibs EU institutions au Memberstats. Hant un politic bet ne juridic wirt. Maghe bihe udwekwnt, mathalan, ia recommandations ios Commission, ios Concil ed ios Europay Central Bankios kya Memberstats, tem quem ia radhmayns ios EU Economic ed Social Comitee ed ios EU Regionencomitee. Eti, in id druna ios legislative process, ia institutions produce mult orbatsdocuments, yaschi kalt "preparator documents". Maghe bihe udwekwnt, mathalan, ia "Glend Buks" seuwtil debats; ia "Albha Buks" qua deikent ia intentions ios Commission; ia commun positions ios Concil; ia reports ios Parlament.
=== Id hierarchia inter sambuhsa normes ===
Id Lisboa Traiteit modifiet id structure iom traiteits ed kiheihti tuntos id Europay Union ep dwo traiteits : id TEU ed id TFEU, id Euratom traiteit remanend swobod. Article 1st ios TEU precidt od id TEU ed id TFEU hant id sam dikswirt, refusend it panges un hierarchia inter ia EU constitutive traiteits. Maghmos lakin aum-ye kehnse od, id TEU udwekwnend ia sulprabhils ios functionment ios UNion, id daughsiet ka reference texte ye-yos kloder sessient, casu quo, interpretet ia stipulations ios TFEU, in id kilvater ios fall CJEC, 23 Februar 1988, Uniet Roydem adv. Concil per-yod id Curt hat sbright, eni ia-pet traiteits, un hierarchia inter ia liminara articles, qua endunt un sonterahammiyat, ed alters.
Eti, id Lisboa Traiteit introduct, endo ia normes weidil ab id Union, un hierarchia, manifestend it id pregnance ios kelsensk conception ios structure ios diksaurdhen. Article 289§3 ios TFEU stipulet eti, per un novo formule, od "ia diksacts widen per legislative proceddure skeipe legislative acts". Un enderkweiten inter legislative acts ed dostrictionsacts, quod covehrt, mutatis mutandis, id enderkweiten inter legs ed reglaments in innerstat ieus, biht yinjier introduct formell-ye do EU ieus (id CJEU hieb hierarchiset ia meids os general schaecheing ed ta os dostriction in sien fall 17 December 1970, Köster). Dwo types om dostrictionsacts iom legislative acts sont previden. Article 290 TFEU udwekwnt ia "non-legislative acts os general schaecheing qua complete we modifient sema non-essential elements ios legislative act" ed qua poitte bihe widen ab id Commission kemti un delegation tyicen ab id concernen legislative act. Id de article 291 TFEU concernt ia "dostrictionsacts" qua maghe bihe widt ab id Commission "kun uniforme dostrictionsconditions iom diksdwinghend acts ios Union sont necessar".
=== Articulation inter EU ieus ed innerstat ieus ===
Pro id Europay Union, dastur est kem EU ieus, kweter primar au secundar, uperghehldt vasya innerstatieus normes, suisraen ir ahammiyat. Tod stand est quasi tem veut quem idswo Europay Communitat. Buit confirmen eti kardwnen. Tem maung-ye quem, pro id CJEU, EU ieus uperghehldt hatta ia innerstat constitutions.
Id articulation os EU ieus ed iom innerstat ieusen tyehct ambh prabhils :
* Primatia uper ia innerstat legislations : EU ieus esti superior ad innerstat ieus.
* Direct effect ep privat individus : EU ieus esti dwinghend dia Stats edschi dia persons. Invocabilitat est un consequence ios direct effect : privat individus poitte, in justice, ghehldihes pro se EU ieus.
* Fauric effect : EU ieus integret-se fauran do id innerstato diksaurdhen unios Memberstat.
* El innerstat judce est communieus judce : sei est un dwoi de id interpretation os EU ieus, el poitt budes id Curt os Justice ios Europay Unionios med un prefayssal question.
 Id Curt os Justice ios Europay Union staht ep id Kirchberg plateau, Luxembourg.
== Ia EU judicial institutions ==
Origin-ye, id Curt os Justice iom Europay Communitats (wa Curt os Justice) eet id saul judce ye id communitar nivell, bet face id multiplication iom res, id Europay Wahid Act autorisit id creation uns Tribunal os Preter Instance iom Europay Communitats (TPIEC) ed, pro un certaino numer om recursa, ed id Curt os Justice bihsit un dwoter jurisdictionsdegree quod poitt bihe appellet bad pos id fayssal ios Tribunal. Id wekwos "Curt os Justice" hat yinjier dwo maynens : poitt kyuses id menghia skipen ab id Curto stricto sensu ed id Tribunal we concerne tik id hoger institution. Id Lisboa Traiteit emti tsay id existend organisation ed previdt od id Curt os Justice, tuntos namen "Curt os Justice ios Europay Union" (franceois : Cour de Justice de l'Union Européenne) comprindt id Curt, id Tribunal ed specialisen tribunals.
Id Curt os Justice stricto sensu est compost ex 27 judcens assisten ab 11 advocat-generals. I judces ed advocat-generals sonti taukilen pro six yars per samstehmen wiswen Memberstats. Sonti chusen bayna persons anancend quant garantie om independence ed notor competence. El President ios Curt os Justice biht elect bayna i judcens pro tri yars. Id Curt contet taiper ein judce pro Memberstat. Ia falls ios Curt bihnt res per majoritat ed dostrictible fauran.
Ne vahmos gjuchiene id hol EU proceddural ieus; preter udwekwnsiemos id important rectsvia ios EU Commission adversus ia Stats de qua id kehnsti od ne respectent EU ieus, dind tolcsiemos de dwo possible dikswassilas pro privat individus.
 Is belgo Koen Lenarts est Perodhsedd ios Europay Curt os Justice pon dien 8 October 2015.
=== Id recurs ob prileipsen ===
Id Commission, palek iom traiteits, poitt ornuwes tod proceddure adversus uno Memberstat quod ne respectetia obligations imposen ab EU ieus. Unschi Stat poitt nudes tod proceddure adversus alyo Memberstat. Sei biht makhkoumihn ab id CJEU, id Memberstato dehlct fauran rectifie tod situation. Bila to, poitt bihe astrigen uni financial denda. Id magno zielo ios proceddure ob prileipsen est bringhes uno Memberstat ad rikes un situation conform ad EU ieus. In praxis, id orneuwen ios proceddure biht precess ab exchanges inter id Commission ed ia Memberstats, kay duce uni progressive regularisation iom infractions aun id intervention ios CJEU.
Exempel ios re C600/12 (marin ghelons ed zibelbewaldhen) : EU ieus impont ibs Memberstats permides bilkull mae id zibelbewaldhen endangert menscsieune ni skehtht ambient. Api, id reuyden uns deponia eni id National Marpark os Zakynthos, in Hellad, hat grave incidences ep id habitat im marin ghelons Caretta caretta. In Jul 2014, id EU Curt os Justice hat declaren od, manteinend-ye in reuyden, ep id insule Zakynthos, un deponia quod duswehrct ed ne respectet EU xisey de ambient, Hellad hat prilipsen ia obligations qua incumbhe id de id directive de zibel.
=== Defende ia rects im individus ===
Privat individus poitte ghehldihes ira rects ed defende ir interesses ye EU nivell. Opsst-ye, to sleurt un prefayssal werd ant id Luxembourg Curt os Justice we cheusent rhayr-mukadma vias wehkwnd-ye direct-ye id EU Commission (ne udwekwnmos her id EU Parlament)
==== Iskwes un prefayssal werd ei Curt os Justice ====
Quankwe unte uno mahel, oin partie poitt prehge el judce maimour med id mahel iskwes un werd kalen "prefayssal" ei Luxembourg Curt os Justice. Per tod werd, el innerstat magistrat sprehct id Curt kam el dehlct interprete filan EU diksnorme (traiteit, reglament) au quosmed el dehlcti kehnse id validitat uns EU act (reglament, directive, etc.) Sei un prefayssal werd biht iskwt ei Curt, ia debats bihnt suspenden esta un antwehrd biht bright, qod el innerstat judce dehlcsiet tun bespehce. El innerstat judce ne skeult iskwes un prefayssal werd ei Curt kun un EU ieus probleme biht udwekwnt ant un jurisdiction quom decisions ne sont appellil (tribunals os prest instance, appellstribunals). Punor, el skeult iskwes ei Curt kun neti poitt bihe appellen in id innerstato diksaurdhen (in cassation, mathalan). Est important kaue od in tod proceddure, ne el privat individu appellet id Luxembourg Curt sontern el magistrat. Eti, id Curto tik interpretet EU ieus. Esti zaruri al innerstat judce dahe un solution ei dawa quod dostrinct EU ieus.
==== Yises un schikay ei EU Commission ====
Un privat individu ne poitt sudye un EU Memberstat ant id Curt os Justice. Lakin, el poitt, med simple brev, refere ei EU Commission in Bruxelles un schikay el eiskwt formule adversus uno Memberstat quod ne respectiet EU ieus. Id Commission decidti tun, aun appell, an orneuwt sudyes contra id Memberstat quei biht mambhen ne respecte ie EU reuls.
Ia schikays om entreprises, associations au privat individus (1343 in 2012) skeipe id importantsto detectionsurce iom infractions contra EU ieus. Ia principal concernt sectors : ambient, fiscalitat, inner mercat ed doans. 
 Ia eirean Emily O'Reilly est EU Ombudsman pon Jul 2013.
==== El EU Ombudsman ====
El EU Ombudsman bihti taukilen ab id Parlament, pos ielg election ed pro id duren ios legislature. El poitti dake schikays ud cada EU civ au ud cadanghen au cada diksperson residend we habend elso statutar seddos in uno Memberstat. Ta schikays dehlge concerne falls os maladministration in id actionscamp iom EU organs.
El Ombudsman poitti tyices ia soks el kehnsti necessar, pati ye sien wi initiative. Kun el hat constaten un fall os maladministration, el refert ei concernen institution, quod behandt un tri munten mukhla kay antwehrde. El Ombudsman transmitt poskwo un report ei Parlament ed ei concernen institution. El informet kathalika el muschikay de ia resultats os sien sok. Fin-ye, el transmitt un yarsreport ei EU Parlament.
== Oik outurnt EU falls ==
Via sien jurisprudence, id CJEU contribueti decisive-ye id construction os EU ieus.
=== Van Gend en Loos (1963) ===
Id nederlandso transportsentreprise Van Gend en Loos hieb introduct ant uno nederlandso tribunal un actuation adversus id nederlandso tolladministration, ob senter hieb kwaht un augen toll pro id import os un chemical ex id Federal Respublic Deutschland. Id entreprise kohns od eet ter un violation uns article ios Rome traiteit banend ibs Memberstats introduce nov tolls we auge existend tolls in id communo mercat.
Tod re hat dahn ei Curt os Justice id waurmen os panges sem sulaspects ios diksbuhsa ios Union (tun kalen id "Communitat"). Un playct inter Stats (id Rome traiteit instituend id CEE) ghehldti direct-ye pro i statans sentern ed ne wahid-ye pro iaswo Stats, kam est id fall in current international ieus. "Id Europay Economic Communitat skeipt un nov diksaurdhen os international ieus, ye quos brungos ia Stats hant limiten, quayque in restrigen xeimens, ir souverain rects, ed quos subjects sonti ne tik ia Memberstats, sontern irschi statans."
=== Costa adv. ENEL (1964) ===
Is advocat Flaminio Costa eet un italian civ suter om actias in id srovcompagnie Edisonvolta, hiht ab id nationalisation ios italian srovsector. Ka protest, is refusit payghe un electricitatsbild om 1925 liras. Itak gnahsit un dawa ant el "guidice conciliatore" os Milan, referit-yel preter id re ei Constitutional Curt, dind ei Europay Curt ios Europay Communitat. Id Constitutional Curt wohkw in Mart 1964 od quayque id Italian Constitution permiss un souverainitatslimitation ye id brungos om international institutions kam id EEC, tod ne stabh dostringes id dastur lex posterior abrogat priori : id Rome Traiteit esus transcripto do id italian diksaurdhen in 1958, id ne poiss uperghelhde id nationalisationsleg os 1963.
Id Curt pag od europayo ieus ne esiet efficient sei Costa ne habiet poitten contre id innerstat leg ep id grund os ids presumpen incompatibilitat con id communitar ieus. Tetos oriet od quodkwe bewehkwen ios national ieus ne poitt obstahe id communitat ieus. Ratifievs id traiteit, id Memberstato hat limiten sien souverainitat med un corpus legis quod behndti tant id Memberstat quem idsens civs.
=== Falls Stauder (1969) & Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (1970) ===
Sulrects ne wehse explicit-ye in ia traiteits. Lakin, id Curt swekwehrt id salvguardia tom rects ep id base iom diksprabhils os EU ieus, iom constitutional traditions commun ibs Memberstats, ed iom international instruments dayir id protection iom menscenrects.
=== Commission adv. Concil ("Accord Européen sur les Transports Routiers") (1971) ===
Id Curt kehnst od "ielgs kun, pro id enover uns commun siyassa previden ab id traiteit, id Communitato hat emt bewehkwens instaurend, sub quodkwe forme, commun reuls, ia Memberstats neti poitte, kweter agent seni au hatta collective-ye, contrage con Tertstats sem obligations qua affecent ta reuls we altere ir schaecheing.
===Reyners adv. Belgia (1974)===
"Un liberal profession kam tod es advocat" maght bihe buct in alyo Memberstat "esdi id parkwehren tom activitats est object uns obligation au uns exclusivitat pact ab id loy [ios land]"
===Van Duyn (1974)===
Id CJEC recogneiht id constructive effect ne tik iom bewehkwens iom traiteits (primar ieus) sontern iomschi directives (secundar ieus). Leudher kwehlen im orbatern biht confirmen. Id notion ordre-public poitt, in certain falls, justifie un derogation tei prabhil.
===Simmenthal (1978)===
Id Simmenthal compagnie hat skulen vehrse un taxe ye id waurmen ios sanitar control os beuf importet ex France do Italia in 1973. Orneuwt un actuation po restitution tos taxe ant id italian justice. El italian judce eiskwt un prefayssal werd ei Curt os Justice, kay ghehde kehnse id compatibilitat ios taxe con EU ieus. 
Id Curt confirmet od el judce dehlct linkwes "sei necessar non-appliet cada contrar bewehkwen ios innerstat legislation, hatta serter", ei communitari reul. Also, id direct applicabilitat uns EU diksnorme hat ka consequence non-applicablihes cada innerstat bewehkwen contrar tei norme. Ne est necessar intizare idso suppression ab el nationalem legislator. 
"Cada judce, (...) in id quader siens competence, hat, ka organ unios Memberstat, ka mission protege ia rects confert im privat individus ab id communitar ieus."
Also, ep id base tom tri falls (Van Gend en Loos, Costa adv. ENEL, Simmenthal), i privat individus poitte invoque EU ieus ant i innerstat judcens ed budes ei non-application uns innerstat norme contrar ad EU ieus.
===Cassis de Dijon (1979)===
Cada Memberstato dehlct accepte ia tovars normal-ye makht ed enmercat in alyo Memberstat : "Cada product legal-ye makhen ed enmercaten in uno Memberstato dehlct bihe, prabhil-ye, admitten do id mercato ceters Memberstat". Tod fall hat contribuen id leudher kwehlen iom tovars ed id instauration ios wahid mercat.
== Id revision iom traiteits ==
Id revision iom traiteits permitt ei EU adapte-se uni ambient in permanent evolution, plauterasce do nov lands ed integre nov siyassas.
Tiel id Lisboa Traiteit, id saul weidos os revide ia traiteits eet id convocation uns Intergouvermental Conference (IGC), yani id aperture unios negociation inter Memberstats. Tod proceddure hat bihn stets perileuser ye meis eent Memberstats. Itak id Lisboa Traiteit previs, trans id ordinaro proceddure, un simplifien proceddure kay revide sem bewehkwens iom traiteits. Final-ye, lakin, samt quodkwe proceddure, id unanimitat iom Memberstats est necessar.
Id initiative uns revision poitt gwehme ex uno Memberstat, id Commission au id Europay Parlament. Id revisionsproject bihti transmiss ei Concil, transmitt-yod id ep sien roig ei Europay Concil. Sei tod, pos consultation ios Parlament ed ios Commission, weidti med simple majoritat un decision ryowkhow ei project, id revisionsproceddure biht enlurt.
=== Id proceddure os "ordinaro" revision ===
Kay modifie un essential aspect uns traiteit, mathalan ia EU competences :
* un EU convention, samghatend Statsrepresenters, representers ios Commission, iom national parlaments ed ios EU Parlament, emitt un revisionsrecommandation.
* un intergouvernemental conference (negociation inter Stats) preparet un revisionsproject.
* ia Memberstats ratifient id nov traiteito via ia national parlaments au ia popules consulten per referendum.
Sei ia changes sont os lyter amplor, id Europay Concil poitti decide, pos approbation ios Parlament, ne kyukes Convention ed uperlites direct-ye do id Intergouvernemental Conference.
=== Id simplifiet revisionsproceddure ===
Kay modifie uno minter essential aspect uns traiteit, mathalan un element uns EU siyassa :
* id Europay Concil consultet id Commission ed id EU Parlament (tem quem id Europay Central Bank sei id revision concernt id monetar xeimen)
* id Europay Concil weidt unanim-ye ia modifications
* kam pro id proceddure os ordinaro revision, ia Memberstats ratifient id nov traiteito via ia national parlaments au ia popules consulten per referendum