Tunip

Tunip was a city/'city-state' in western Syria during the 1350-1335 BC, (and prior to that time), Amarna letters correspondence. The name "Syria" did not exist, though Assyria was beginning. The regions were: Amurru, Nuhašše, the Amqu (the Beqaa), Nii, etc.
The record of the appellation 'Tunip' is mainly from Egyptian records, (Thutmose III, and Ramesses II), and especially the Amarna letters. But see also: Tunip-Tessup-(of 1550 BC).
Tunip is especially mentioned in the Amarna letters of Aziru, residing in Amurru and in conflict with the king of Hatti. He is often claiming to reside in Tunip, until it is safe to leave, or to try to defend other cities/city-states of his region. The local region in Syria, Nuhašše is also in conflict, and is mentioned in 7 of Aziru's 13 EA letters, (EA for 'el Amarna').
==Amarna letters regarding Tunip==
Five letters reference 'Tunip' in the Amarna letters corpus, 3 from Aziru's sub-corpus.
:#EA 57—Title: "Of kings and Tunip"-damaged letter
:#EA 59—Title: "From the citizens of Tunip"-
:#EA 161—"An absence explained"-Aziru letter no. 6 of 13
:#EA 165—"Tunip threated"-Aziru letter no. 9 of 13
:#EA 167—"The constant Hittite menace"-Aziru letter no. 11 of 13
===EA 59, "From the citizens of Tunip" ===
:"To the king of Egypt, our lord: Message of the citizens of Tunip, your servant. For you may all go well. And we fall at the feet of my lord.
:My lord, thus says Tunip, your servant: Tunip—who ruled it in the past? Did not Manakhpirya-(i.e. "Men-Kheper-Rê-iya"): am-ma-ti-wu-uš (your ancestor) rule it?
:The gods and the ...: na-ab-ri-il-la-an (=?) of the king of Egypt, our lord, dwell in Tunip, and he should inquire of his ancients: am-ma-ti (ancient) when we did not belong to our lord, the king of Egypt-(named "Mizri"-see: Mizraim).
:And now, for 20–years, we have gone on writing to the king, our lord, but our messengers have stayed on with the king, our lord. And now, our lord, we ask for the son of 'Aki- Teššup' from the king, our lord. May our lord give him.
:My lord, if the king of Egypt has given the son of Aki-Teššup, why does the king, our lord, call him back from the journey?
:And now Aziru is going to hear that in Hittite territory a hostile fate has overtaken your servant, a ruler (and) your gardener.
:Should his (the king's) troops and his chariots be delayed, Aziru will do to us just as he did to Nii.
:If we ourselves are negligent and the king of Egypt does nothing about these things that Aziru is doing, then he will surely direct his hand against our lord.
:When Aziru entered Sumur-(Zemar), he did to them as he pleased, in the house of the king, our lord. But our lord did nothing about the(s)e things.
:And now Tunip, your city, weeps, and its tears flow,–and there is no grasping of our hand.
:We have gone on writing to the king, our lord, the king of Egypt, for 20–years, and not a single word of our lord has reached us." -EA 59, lines 1-46 (complete)
===EA 161, "An absence explained", Aziru no. 6 of 13===
Letter EA 161 shows how Aziru claims he was made a 'mayor' of his region (or city), in Amurru.
:"To the Great King, my lord, my god, [my Sun]: Message of Aziru, your servant. I fall at the feet of my lord, [m]y god, my Sun, 7 times and 7 times.
:My lord, I am your servant, and on my arrival in the presence of the king, my lord, I spoke of all my affairs in the presence of the king, my lord. My lord, do not listen to the treacherous men that denounce me in the presence of the king, my lord. I am your servant forever.
:The king, my lord, has spoken about Han'i. My lord, I was residing in Tunip, and so I did not know that he had arrived. As soon as I heard, I went up after him, but I did not overtake him. May Han'i arrive safe and sound so that the king, my lord, can ask him how I provided for him. My brothers and Bet-ili were at his service; they gave oxen, sheep, and goats, and birds, his food and strong drink.
:I gave horses and asses, [f]or his journey. May the king, my lord, hear my words. [W]hen I come to the king, my lord, Han'i will go before me; like a mother and like a father he will provide for me. And no(w) my lord says, "You hid yourself from Han'i." –May your gods and the Sun be witness: (I swear):–"I was residing in Tunip." 
:The king, my lord, has spoken about the building of Sumur-(Zemar). The kings of Nuhašše have been at war with me and have taken my cities at the instruction of Hatip. So I have not built it. Now, in all haste, I am going to build it.
:And may my lord know that Hatip has taken half of the things that the king, my lord, gave (gave me). All the gold and silver that the king, my lord, gave me, Hatip has taken. May my lord know (this).
:Moreover, the king, my lord, also said, "Why did you provide for the messenger of the king of Hatti, but did not provide for my messenger?" But this is the land of my lord, and the king, my lord, made me –one of the mayors!
:Let my lord's messenger come to me so I can give all that I promised in the presence of the king, my lord. I will give food supplies, ships, oil, logs, of boxwood, and (other) woods. -EA 161, lines 1-56 (complete)
==See also==
*Tunip-Tessup
*Aziru
*Nuhašše
*Niya (kingdom)
*Amqu
*Amurru
==References==
*Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
Category:Amarna letters locations
Category:Assyrian settlements
Category:Former settlements in Syria
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