Trumpet

The trumpet is the brass instrument group with the highest register. It most commonly transposes to B♭. Trumpets are often used in classical and jazz music.
==Playing==
The instrument is played by buzzing the lips against the mouthpiece, causing the air column inside the brass tubing to resonate at a standing wave, which then exits through the bell. The resulting pitch is constrained by the buzzing speed aligning roughly to every other overtone of the harmonic series.
Pressing a valve causes the air flowing through it to be redirected down the corresponding valve slide. This lengthens the tubing, causing the pitch series to lower. The first valve lowers the pitch by a tone (whole step); the second valve, by a semitone (half step); and the third valve, by three semitones (one and a half steps). In combination, these fingerings cover the chromatic scale for the trumpet's written range, up from F♯ below middle C.
The timbre of the trumpet can be modified by inserting a mute into the bell.
===Extended technique===
Contemporary trumpet music makes use of extended techniques, including the following.
;Tonguing
:The player articulates notes using different consonants. Common variations include double- and triple-tonguing, alternating between stops at the teeth and velum (ta-ka), and doodle-tonguing, articulating as if to pronounce the word "doodle".
;Flutter-tonguing
:The player rolls the tip of their tongue (as if to pronounce the Spanish rr) while playing. This produces a growling tone. It may be notated using the tremolo mark.
;Valve tremolo
:The player alternates between different fingerings for the same note. This produces a tremolo effect as the airflow is momentarily blocked by the moving valves.
;Pedal tones
:The player plays at a pitch below the typical range, such as the fundamental for the given fingering. Extreme low pedals are produced by slipping the lower lip out of the mouthpiece.
;Split tones
:The player vibrates their lips at different rates to play two pitches at once. This may be notated with the lower notehead in parentheses. When this occurs unintentionally, such as through trying to relieve pressure from fatigued lips by angling the mouthpiece abnormally, it is referred to as double buzzing.
;Microtones
:The player plays at a pitch between 12-tone equal temperament intervals. This is possible through lip bends, playing specific overtones, or even through alternate instrument constructions.
;Portamento
:The player depresses the valves halfway and changes their lip tension to slide between notes.
==Variations==
Several variations on the trumpet exist. Different transpositions from the B♭ trumpet are available, such as A, C, D, E♭, E, low F, and G trumpets.
The pocket trumpet is a construction, usually regarded as a practice aid or novelty, that compacts the length of the tubing and bell into a smaller volume. This makes it significantly smaller and easier to transport.
Certain trumpets include extra valves tuned to different intervals. A 24-tone equal temperament construction, for example, may include a fourth valve that lowers the pitch by a quarter-tone. Fourth valves on non-microtonal trumpets usually lower the pitch by five semitones.
Category:Instruments
Category:Musical Instruments