Franceois Revolution

Id Franceois Revolution jinkdousit in France ex 1789 do 1799. Sayge "id Revolution", aun tarikhe-on, est kafi pro dikes leit de id 1789 Revolution, ed ne de alyo revolutionar episode ios franceois Historia. 
==Uno major historic wakya==
Id Franceois Revolution est un wakya quos schaecheing udleit plaut-ye id historia os France ed hatta os Europe ob ies actors os 1789, nekam ir Englisch predecessors os 1688, se hant placen inkaptos in un tienxia prospect. Daftarnd-ye, in id Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, dasturs ies iey ghehldend pro hol Menscgenos, hant buwskwto druv id sogn os emancipation quod, unte id hol XVIIIt secule, hieb wohsen in id centre ios philosophia iom Lumens.
Way, ia circumstances ed id inexperience uns politic classe, mins preparet quem eet ids Englisch homologh oin secule prever, hant ducen do cruoric drifts ed ghyanen id via ad dictature. Paradoxal-ye, id autoritairo regime os Napoleon Bonaparte, prokwem - sub pelu regards - ia exclarata despotismes ios XVIIIt secule, hat permisso salve ye un presto tid ia acquisitions ios Revolution. Tehrpsiet bihe intizarto tiel id fin ios XIXt secule ed id adgumt os representative democratia med id Trit Respublic kay concretasct id project im menscen os 1789. 
 
Id aperture iom Stats-Generals in Versailles, dien 5 Mai 1789 (1839 pineg ab Auguste Couder). Tod samghat muss in un ad hoc kielken ios hôtel des Menus-Plaisirs. Is roy seddt ep sien thron, samt iam Rayn levter quem se. In id levter prodgrund seddt id cler ed, in id dexter aptergrund, id noblesse. Ies deputeits ios Tertios-Statios, tem kathire quem toy ios cler ed ios noblesse com, occupent id hol dexter prodgrund. Is oistahnd wir qui spehct witerom id royal tribune est Mirabeau, futur magn orator iom prest yars ios Revolution. Is seddend deputeit aun peruca ye id prodgrund rang eet is Breithen Michel Gérard, saul nowngmin deputeit, ed saul member ios Tertios-Statios quom Roy Ludvic XVI sellamiet.
==Id crise ios Awios Regime==
Id Franceois Revolution kwehct ses id denda ios achizia ios monarchia ios Awios Regime de se reforme. Enplacevs ye id XVIIt secule un besonters performanto model os moderne Stat, yed aun modifie ideologic ed social structures heriten ex id Medieval prev, id Louis Quatorze Absolutisme hat wohsen udzamanen, ye id XVIIIt secule, ab id politic, economic ed cultural evolution ios franceois societat. Vice ornuwes ia lasim reformes qua idspet gohdst ministers (Turgot, Necker) propos, id monarchia criespit seswo do immobilisme, achiz de enquestione id inegalitat iom conditions impliet ab id division ios societat in ordens ed id existence uns privilegen noblesse. Id monarchia acceptit neid maghsmyehren, refusend vide ia religieusa suls os sien legitimitat ne resisteer id critique iom dogmen ab id philosophia iom Lumens. 
Quan id financial crise quod uperkwohlm id iti obliget id, in 1789, ad consulte iens representers em sien subjects samghaten in Stats-Generals, id monarchia ne ghapt idswo ruinet ia dasturs os absolutisme ijabend-ye im gouverneits un inspectionsrect uper id waldh.
 Ludvic XVI (Franceois : Louis Seize), gnahn in Versailles dien 23 August 1754 ed zanchoun in Paris dien 21 Januar 1793, buit is senst Roy ios France ios Awios Regime. Buit Roy om France ed Navarre ex 1774 do 1791 dind Roy im Franceois ex 1791 do 1792. Buit kathalika is senst qui wik in id Chateau os Versailles.
==Id Constituant Assemblee==
Brungend un immense popularitatscapital, Roy Ludvic XVI habiet maghto duce id change, bet is hieb neter tod eiskwen ni kafi platwos. Ia Stats-Generals samghate in Versailles dien 5 Mai 1789 : yant dien 17 Jun, ies deputeits ios Tertios-Statios (ios orden im non-privilegeits), consciend representent meis quem 99% im Franceois, se instituent do un National Assemblee, quod is Roy, pos un kyopev resistence, dehlct accepte ka "constituant". Decidend-ye redage un Constitution (Jeu-de-paume Oit, 20 Jun), ies elects seule un Rectstat ed substituent, ei legitimitat os divin buhsa, id souverainitat ios Nation. 
Unte ia sehkwnd hevds, un serie voten aboleiht quo etilikw ex Absolutisme ed, unte id noct ios 4 August 1789, id Assemblee, suppremend-ye vasya privileges, instituet samberectia pro vasyens Franceoisens : neti sont subjects, tik existent leudher ed egal civs. Ye end August, med id Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, ies constituants affirme id tienxia ed imprescriptible kweitu iom dasturs qua enderkeihnt ir action : id Franceois Revolution legislat pro menscgenos. 
 Descendant em Champagne nowngmins, Georges-Jacques Danton (1759-1794) est un ja kluto trigimat advocat quan udbrehge ia 1789 wakyas. Penk yars serter, is biht zanchoun. Unte tod corto tempos habsiet is prect id Revolution. Perodhsedd ios Club des Cordeliers, is organiset id insurrection ios 10 August 1792 quod uperwaldht id monarchia. Taukilen Minister os Justice, is act un determinant rol in id gospoti siyassa ios Respublic. Perodhsedd ios prest Comité de salut public skipen in Aprile 1793, is oiswehrt tun sien brilliantst logsa. Bet eys opposition ibs excessa ios Terror dreibht eys pehden ed eys makhkoumeihsa do nehc ab id Revolutionaro Tribunal. Biht executen con sien pleist partisans in Aprile 1794. 
==Id revolutionaro drift==
Difficultats gwehme oku. Ob id resistence ios Roy, qui refuset id Revolution ed ceddt tik jabran; yed kathalika ob id optimisme excess im Revolutionars, gwaukan de kwehre tabula rasa ex id prev ed de ornuwes un complete mutaskeipen quos mohlden objective est un regeneration os France. Gwehment exschi id cultural schift inter un politic classe ois ia elites ed ia wehlpens ios popule, attentive ad concreta changes quod id nov magh promitt meis facil-ye quem id ghehdt ijabe ia. Id irruption ep id politic scene ios popules movment est fauric : in Paris, id salvt id Assemblee menacen ab iom Royo dien 14 Jul 1789 (prise ios Bastille) bet, in ia rurs, ia bunts precipitant id myehrken ios administration. Bilhassa, ia popules mutalbas, indiscussible-ye justifiet, vahnt daughe ka base ibs etibehds im radicalst politics qui vahnt dribhes id Revolution do un perodhfug. 
In Juno 1791, id deuysus tentative endergumt ios Roy do kharij evidenteiht id divorce inter Ludvic XVI ed id Revolution, ed endanger id regime os constitutional monarchia previs ab id Constitution. Id Weir, ornuwt aun tadbir contra id dom os Osterreich in Aprile 1792, precipitet ia wakyas. Menxu France biht lahn, un hangamah uperwaldht id royaltat in Paris dien 10 August 1792 ed pos un lawo hat oistopen iens peinds in Valmy, id Respublic biht proclamet (21 September 1792). Un nov era inkapt, symbolisen ab id weiden uns "respublican calendar". 
In druv, id nov assemblee ("id national Convention") dehlct face un baygh difficil situation : preter un gospoti weir - id hol monarchic Europe se coaleihnd contra France -, dind un civil weir - ia West departments ubstahnd pro id royal wastah. Id economic stand os France est desastreus, quei se addeiht un athime inflation bohnden ei niweirten iom assignats, id papier Monete rawajiht kay abvulbhes id financial crise. I dusdehnsti kwehnde gwaur-ye. 
Kay responde tibs quantims challenges, id Convention judcet ed makhkoumeiht do nehc Ludvic XVI (Januar 1793). Dind, iens radical elects hohlpt ab id Parisian popule (iens "Montagnards" : Danton, Marat, Robespierre, stohmen ab id Commune Paris ed iens sans-culottes, yani extremiste pro-revolutionars ex id popule) eliminevs iens moderatens deputeits (iens "Girondins" : Brissot, Vergniaud, Louvet), id instituet in October 1793 un exception regime, id Revolutionar Gouvernement. Tiel Jul 1794 sayvt id Terror duct ab id Comité de Salut Public (Robespierre, Carnot, Saint-Just) : duschmans, suspects, trafiquers bihnt judcet expeditive-ye ed execut. In id Convention, ia factionsjidals sont zalim ed i vicens nehce sub id fallsater. Fin-ye, pos un nov badv, id majoritat ios Assemblee abdeht ud se, dien 26 Jul 1793 (9 Thermidor Anno II) id dictature buct ab id montagnard parties ed ids principalo lider Robespierre biht yisto do id guiliotine con sien prients.
 Gnahn in Arras in un familia bayghend id noblesse de robe, Maximilien de Robespierre (1758-1794) studyet in Paris pre bihe advocat in sieno gnahsa-urb. Electo deputeito ios Tertios-Statios in 1789, is oismyehrt active-ye id Constituant Assemblee ed biht mox mayster ios Club des Jacobins ant-yod swehrsiet unte quar yars takriban penkcent logsa.
Chef iom Montagnards, ios levter flyghel ios Convention, member ios Comité de salut public, is contribuet enplace id 1793 Terror. Is tyeict id elimination im Indeulgents (qui prohg kem id Terror finih) ed instituet id cult al Supreme Ses. Bet, dien 9 Thermidor anno II, un comploto stopt id dictature os virtut is pretens impones. Robespierre biht zanchoun posdini, samt ghyanu brohgen pos un tentative suicide.
==Id fin ios Revolution==
Menxu naduret id weir, ies "thermidorian" conventionals tentent construge un respublican Stat. Hantet ab id baysa radicalen etibehds ed id paur uns reiken ios royaltat, kaurndi de defende ia classeninteresses im suters, instituent, med id Constitution os Anno III, un regime, id "Directorium" (Franceois : Directoire; 1795-1799), quer ia maghs sont muhim-ye dilut ed id vote rect reservet ibs riches. 
Pior slab ed instable - coup-d'etats succeddent mutu -, id Directorium obkwehct achiz de restablie id civil pace, ni de restaure id economia we de bringhes tsay id financial tula. Nehst part-ye dank id sighenweir od meg-ye kathire heirs, ammern ab nuper promot yun generals, age protiev i europay souverains. Un druv plunder iom krigen lands swekwehrt ei regime id major part os ids parwarisch. Un talgo conjuncture dependeiht id Directorium ids generals; ed oin ex iens, Napoleon Bonaparte, popular ob sien victorias in Italia, uperwaldht id regime dien 9 November 1799 (18 Brumaire anno VIII). Sammel manteinend-ye ia apparences ios Respublic, is impont sub id nam "Consulat" sien wi dictature ed declaret id fin ios Revolution. Tod regime reorganiset France, kwehrnd id synthese inter ia positive brineghs ios Revolution ed id heritage ios Awios Regime.
Category:France
Category:Historia
Category:Philosophia