List Of Sovereign States

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* (Top) 
* Criteria for inclusion 
*
* List of states Toggle List of states subsection 
** UN member states and General Assembly observer states 
**
** Other states 
**
* See also 
*
* Notes 
*
* References 
*
* Bibliography 
*
List of sovereign states
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"List of nations" and "List of countries" redirect here. For other lists of countries, see Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories. For non-sovereign dependencies, see Dependent territory.
Flags of the United Nations member and non-member GA observer states in front of the Palace of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.
The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 UN member states,[1] 2 UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and 10 other states. The sovereignty dispute column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are 6 UN member states, 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and 8 de facto states), and states having a special political status (2 states, both in free association with New Zealand).
Compiling a list such as this can be a complicated and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognised as having de facto status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.
Criteria for inclusion
The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[2]
Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all polities that consider themselves sovereign states (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and either:
* are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, or
* are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state
In some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are considered proto-states.[3][4]
On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 205 entities:[a][b]
* 203 states recognised by at least one UN member state
* 1 state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is recognised only by non-UN member states
* 1 state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state
The table includes bullets in the right-hand column representing entities that are either not sovereign states or have a close association to another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an international agreement. Taken together, these include:
* Entities that are in a free association relationship with another state
* 2 entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, nor part of another state: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan
* Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories according to the dependent territory page
* Subnational entities created by international agreements
List of states
UN member states and General Assembly observer states
"Membership within the UN System" column legend
 UN member state
 UN General Assembly observer state	"Sovereignty dispute" column legend
 Undisputed sovereignty
 Disputed sovereignty
Common and formal names 	Membership within the UN System[c] 	Sovereignty dispute[d] 	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[f]
Afghanistan 	UN member state 	None 	The de facto ruling government, the  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, has not been recognised by any state. The United Nations continues to recognise the  Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the government of Afghanistan.[5][6]
Albania – Republic of Albania 	UN member state 	None 	
Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria 	UN member state 	None 	
Andorra – Principality of Andorra 	UN member state 	None 	Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[7] who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See.
Angola – Republic of Angola 	UN member state 	None 	
Antigua and Barbuda 	UN member state 	None 	Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[g] with one autonomous region, Barbuda.[8][h]
Argentina – Argentine Republic[i] 	UN member state 	None 	Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city.[j]
Armenia – Republic of Armenia 	UN member state 	Not recognised by Pakistan. 	Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.[10][11][12]
Australia – Commonwealth of Australia 	UN member state 	None 	Australia is a Commonwealth realm[g] and a federation of both states and territories. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one claimed Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are:
* Ashmore and Cartier Islands
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Coral Sea Islands Territory
* Heard Island and McDonald Islands
* Norfolk Island
* Australian Antarctic Territory
Austria – Republic of Austria 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the European Union.[e] Austria is a federation of nine states.
Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan[k] 	UN member state 	None 	Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan.[h]
Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of The Bahamas[14] 	UN member state 	None 	The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain 	UN member state 	None 	
Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh 	UN member state 	None 	
Barbados 	UN member state 	None 	
Belarus – Republic of Belarus 	UN member state 	None 	Many states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognises Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus.[15]
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions.
Belize 	UN member state 	None 	Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Benin – Republic of Benin 	UN member state 	None 	
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan 	UN member state 	None 	
Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia 	UN member state 	None 	
Bosnia and Herzegovina 	UN member state 	None 	Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities:
* Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Republika Srpska
and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.[16]
Botswana – Republic of Botswana 	UN member state 	None 	
Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil 	UN member state 	None 	Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.
Brunei – Brunei Darussalam 	UN member state 	None 	
Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Burkina Faso 	UN member state 	None 	
Burundi – Republic of Burundi 	UN member state 	None 	
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia 	UN member state 	None 	
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon 	UN member state 	None 	
Canada[l] 	UN member state 	None 	Canada is a Commonwealth realm[g] and a federation of ten provinces and three territories.
Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde[m] 	UN member state 	None 	
Central African Republic 	UN member state 	None 	
Chad – Republic of Chad 	UN member state 	None 	
Chile – Republic of Chile 	UN member state 	None 	Chile has one special territory, Easter Island.[n]
China – People's Republic of China[o] 	UN member state 	Partially unrecognised. Claimed by the Republic of China	China contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.[h] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:
* Hong Kong
* Macao
China claims, but does not control, Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.[p]
China is not recognised by 11 UN member states and Vatican City, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead.[q]
Colombia – Republic of Colombia 	UN member state 	None 	
Comoros – Union of the Comoros 	UN member state 	None 	Comoros is a federation of three islands.[r]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the[s] 	UN member state 	None 	
Congo, Republic of the[t] 	UN member state 	None 	
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica 	UN member state 	None 	
Croatia – Republic of Croatia 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Cuba – Republic of Cuba 	UN member state 	None 	
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus 	UN member state 	Not recognised by Turkey[19] 	Member of the EU.[e] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.
Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.
Czech Republic[u] 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories:
* Faroe Islands
* Greenland
The metropolitan territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.[v] The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law (in most cases) does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. See Greenland and the European Union, and Faroe Islands and the European Union for more information.[20][21]
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti 	UN member state 	None 	
Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica 	UN member state 	None 	
Dominican Republic 	UN member state 	None 	
East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[w] 	UN member state 	None 	
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador 	UN member state 	None 	
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt 	UN member state 	None 	
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador 	UN member state 	None 	
Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea 	UN member state 	None 	
Eritrea – State of Eritrea 	UN member state 	None 	
Estonia – Republic of Estonia 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Eswatini – Kingdom of Eswatini[x] 	UN member state 	None 	
Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 	UN member state 	None 	Ethiopia is a federation of eleven regions and two chartered cities.
Fiji – Republic of Fiji 	UN member state 	None 	Fiji contains one autonomous region, Rotuma.[h][22][23]
Finland – Republic of Finland 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
* Åland is a neutral and demilitarized autonomous region of Finland.[h][y]
France – French Republic 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:
* Clipperton Island
* French Polynesia
* New Caledonia
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon
* Wallis and Futuna
* French Southern and Antarctic Lands[z]
Gabon – Gabonese Republic 	UN member state 	None 	
Gambia, The – Republic of The Gambia[24] 	UN member state 	None 	
Georgia 	UN member state 	None 	Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[h] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
Germany – Federal Republic of Germany 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] Germany is a federation of 16 states.
Ghana – Republic of Ghana 	UN member state 	None 	
Greece – Hellenic Republic 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.[25]
Grenada 	UN member state 	None 	Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala 	UN member state 	None 	
Guinea – Republic of Guinea[aa] 	UN member state 	None 	
Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau 	UN member state 	None 	
Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana 	UN member state 	None 	
Haiti – Republic of Haiti 	UN member state 	None 	
Honduras – Republic of Honduras 	UN member state 	None 	
Hungary 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Iceland[ab] 	UN member state 	None 	
India – Republic of India 	UN member state 	None 	India is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories.
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia 	UN member state 	None 	Indonesia has nine autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.[h]
Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran 	UN member state 	None 	
Iraq – Republic of Iraq 	UN member state 	None 	Iraq is a federation[r][29] of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.[h]
Ireland[ac] 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Israel – State of Israel 	UN member state 	Partially unrecognised 	Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. It has annexed East Jerusalem,[31] an act not recognised by the international community.[32] Israel has varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although it ended its permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.[33][34][35][36]
Israel is not recognised as a state by 28 UN members and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, recognised Israel in 1993.
Italy – Italian Republic 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[h]
Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire[ad] 	UN member state 	None 	
Jamaica 	UN member state 	None 	Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Japan 	UN member state 	None 	
Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 	UN member state 	None 	
Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan 	UN member state 	None 	
Kenya – Republic of Kenya 	UN member state 	None 	
Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati 	UN member state 	None 	
Kuwait – State of Kuwait 	UN member state 	None 	
Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic 	UN member state 	None 	
Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic 	UN member state 	None 	
Latvia – Republic of Latvia 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Lebanon – Republic of Lebanon 	UN member state 	None 	
Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho 	UN member state 	None 	
Liberia – Republic of Liberia 	UN member state 	None 	
Libya – State of Libya 	UN member state 	None 	
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein 	UN member state 	None 	
Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar 	UN member state 	None 	
Malawi – Republic of Malawi 	UN member state 	None 	
Malaysia 	UN member state 	None 	Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.
Maldives – Republic of Maldives 	UN member state 	None 	
Mali – Republic of Mali 	UN member state 	None 	
Malta – Republic of Malta 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands 	UN member state 	None 	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania 	UN member state 	None 	
Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius 	UN member state 	None 	Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[h]
Mexico – United Mexican States 	UN member state 	None 	Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city.
Micronesia, Federated States of 	UN member state 	None 	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.
Moldova – Republic of Moldova 	UN member state 	None 	Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter and a city Bender (Tighina), is under the de facto control of Transnistria.
Monaco – Principality of Monaco 	UN member state 	None 	
Mongolia 	UN member state 	None 	
Montenegro 	UN member state 	None 	
Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco 	UN member state 	None 	Part of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique 	UN member state 	None 	
Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Myanmar[ae] 	UN member state 	None 	Wa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognised the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the State Administration Council.[6]
Namibia – Republic of Namibia 	UN member state 	None 	
Nauru – Republic of Nauru 	UN member state 	None 	
  Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 	UN member state 	None 	Nepal is a federation composed of 7 provinces.
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:
* Aruba
* Curaçao
* Netherlands
* Sint Maarten
The Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the metropolitan Netherlands.[af] The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law only wholly applies to parts within Europe.
New Zealand 	UN member state 	None 	New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[g] and has one dependent territory and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:
* Tokelau
* Ross Dependency
The New Zealand Government acts for the entire Realm of New Zealand in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:
* Cook Islands
* Niue
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 49 and 18 UN members respectively.[37][38] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[39] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua 	UN member state 	None 	Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[h]
Niger – Republic of the Niger 	UN member state 	None 	
Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria 	UN member state 	None 	Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.
North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea 	UN member state 	Claimed by South Korea 	North Korea is not recognised by one UN member, South Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.[40]
North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia[ag] 	UN member state 	None 	
Norway – Kingdom of Norway 	UN member state 	None 	Norway has two unincorporated areas in Europe:
* Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.
* Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.
Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere:
* Bouvet Island
* Peter I Island
* Queen Maud Land
Oman – Sultanate of Oman 	UN member state 	None 	
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan 	UN member state 	None 	Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[41][42] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[43][44] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:
* Azad Kashmir
* Gilgit-Baltistan
Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[45][46][47] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defense) are performed by Pakistan.[46][48][49]
Palau – Republic of Palau 	UN member state 	None 	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
Palestine – State of Palestine 	UN General Assembly observer state; member of two UN specialized agencies 	Partially unrecognised. 	The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from 145 states.[50] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.[51] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[52] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[53] UNIDO and other international organizations.[54]
Panama – Republic of Panama 	UN member state 	None 	
Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea 	UN member state 	None 	Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[g] with one autonomous region, Bougainville.[h]
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay 	UN member state 	None 	
Peru – Republic of Peru 	UN member state 	None 	
Philippines – Republic of the Philippines 	UN member state 	None 	The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.[h]
Poland – Republic of Poland 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Portugal – Portuguese Republic 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.[h]
Qatar – State of Qatar 	UN member state 	None 	
Romania 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Russia – Russian Federation 	UN member state 	None 	Russia is a federation of 83 internationally recognised federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[h]
Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda 	UN member state 	None 	
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis 	UN member state 	None 	Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[g] and is a federation[r] of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis.
Saint Lucia 	UN member state 	None 	Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 	UN member state 	None 	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Samoa – Independent State of Samoa 	UN member state 	None 	
San Marino – Republic of San Marino 	UN member state 	None 	
São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe 	UN member state 	None 	São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.[h]
Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 	UN member state 	None 	
Senegal – Republic of Senegal 	UN member state 	None 	
Serbia – Republic of Serbia 	UN member state 	None 	Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[h] The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.
Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles 	UN member state 	None 	
Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone 	UN member state 	None 	
Singapore – Republic of Singapore 	UN member state 	None 	
Slovakia – Slovak Republic 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
Solomon Islands 	UN member state 	None 	Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia 	UN member state 	None 	Somalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent.
South Africa – Republic of South Africa 	UN member state 	None 	
South Korea – Republic of Korea 	UN member state 	Claimed by North Korea 	South Korea has one autonomous region, Jeju Province.[h][55]
South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.
South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan 	UN member state 	None 	South Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas.
* The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.[56][57]
Spain – Kingdom of Spain 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.[h][ah]
Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka[ai] 	UN member state 	None 	
Sudan – Republic of the Sudan 	UN member state 	None 	Sudan is a federation of 18 states.
* The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.[56][57]
Suriname – Republic of Suriname 	UN member state 	None 	
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden 	UN member state 	None 	Member of the EU.[e]
 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation 	UN member state 	None 	Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic 	UN member state 	None 	The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war.
Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Rojava.
Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan 	UN member state 	None 	Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[h]
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania 	UN member state 	None 	Tanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.[h]
Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand 	UN member state 	None 	
Togo – Togolese Republic 	UN member state 	None 	
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga 	UN member state 	None 	
Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago 	UN member state 	None 	Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.[h]
Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia 	UN member state 	None 	
Turkey – Republic of Türkiye[aj] 	UN member state 	None 	
Turkmenistan 	UN member state 	None 	
Tuvalu 	UN member state 	None 	Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[g]
Uganda – Republic of Uganda 	UN member state 	None 	
Ukraine 	UN member state 	None 	Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,[h] which is under the control of Russia. Seven other areas of Ukraine are under full or partial Russian control, including Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Sevastopol, and Zaporizhzhia.
United Arab Emirates 	UN member state 	None 	The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	UN member state 	None 	The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[g] consisting of four constituent countries; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Anguilla
* Bermuda
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Falkland Islands
* Gibraltar
* Montserrat
* Pitcairn Islands
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
* South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* British Antarctic Territory
The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies:
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
United States – United States of America 	UN member state 	None 	The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory. Additionally, the Federal government of the United States has sovereignty over 13 unincorporated territories. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions:
* American Samoa
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands
It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:
* Baker Island
* Howland Island
* Jarvis Island
* Johnston Atoll
* Kingman Reef
* Midway Atoll
* Navassa Island
* Wake Island
It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories:
* Bajo Nuevo Bank
* Serranilla Bank
Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:
* Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
* Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia
* Palau – Republic of Palau
Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay 	UN member state 	None 	
Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan 	UN member state 	None 	Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[h]
Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu 	UN member state 	None 	
Vatican City – Vatican City State 	UN General Assembly observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies	None 	Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to 183 states. This figure consists of 180 UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.[58] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of three UN specialized agencies (ITU, UPU, and WIPO) and the IAEA, as well as being a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[52] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.
Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 	UN member state 	None 	Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one capital district, and federal dependencies.
Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam 	UN member state 	None 	
Yemen – Republic of Yemen 	UN member state 	None 	
Zambia – Republic of Zambia 	UN member state 	None 	
Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe 	UN member state 	None 	
Other states
"Membership within the UN System" column legend
 Member state of a UN Specialized Agency
 No membership	"Sovereignty dispute" column legend
 Undisputed sovereignty
 Disputed sovereignty
Common and formal names 	Membership within the UN System[ak] 	Sovereignty dispute[al] 	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[am]
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia 	No membership 	Claimed by Georgia 	Recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria.[59] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Cook Islands 	Member of eight UN specialized agencies 	None
(See political status) 	A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with 52 other states and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[39] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo 	Member of two UN specialized agencies 	Claimed by Serbia 	Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[60] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 114 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 18 of those states have recognised Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.[61] Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
Niue 	Member of five UN specialized agencies 	None
(See political status) 	A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with 20 other states and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[39] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 	No membership 	Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus 	Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[62]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 	No membership 	Claimed by Morocco 	Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 38 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland 	No membership 	Claimed by Somalia 	A de facto independent state,[63][64][65][66][67][excessive citations] not formally diplomatically recognised by any other state;[an] claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[68]
South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania	No membership 	Claimed by Georgia 	A de facto independent state,[69] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia.[70]
Taiwan – Republic of China[o] 	Was a UN member state until 1971, now no membership	Partially unrecognised. Claimed by the People's Republic of China	A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, and Pratas Island, as well as Taiping Island and Zhongzhou Reef of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[71] The ROC is recognised by 11 UN member states as well as Vatican City, none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC.
In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations[72] with 58 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates under the One China principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.[73]
The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.[p] The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.
Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic 	No membership 	Claimed by Moldova 	A de facto independent state,[63] recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[59] Claimed in whole by Moldova.[74]
See also
* Armorial of sovereign states
* Gallery of sovereign state flags
* ISO 3166-1
* List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
* List of administrative divisions by country
* List of associated states
* List of condominiums (international law)
* List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages
* List of countries and dependencies by area
* List of countries and dependencies by population
* List of countries by United Nations geoscheme
* List of country-name etymologies
* List of dependent territories
* List of international rankings
* List of ISO 3166 country codes
* List of micronations
* List of national capitals
* List of rebel groups that control territory
* List of states with limited recognition
* List of territorial disputes
* List of territories governed by the United Nations
* Lists of political entities by century
* Lists of state leaders by century
* Member states of the United Nations
* Sovereign state
** List of former sovereign states
** List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
** List of sovereign states by date of formation
* Template:Clickable world map
* Terra nullius
* United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
Notes
# The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.
# The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks territory and does not claim statehood. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.
# This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[1] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
# This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
# The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.[13]
# Information is included on:
#* The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
#* Membership in the European Union,[e] where applicable,
#* Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
#* federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
#* Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
#* Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
#* Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
# Commonwealth realm refers to any member state of the Commonwealth of Nations whose head of state is King Charles III. Each realm is separate, independent, and a sovereign state; see relationship between the realms.
# For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see List of autonomous areas by country.
# The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
# Argentina's claimed Antarctic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five constituent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.[9]
# Sometimes officially "Azerbaijan Republic"
# The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
# The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.[17]
# Chile's claimed Antarctic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.
# The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, or by other alternative names.
# In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organization withdrew as a consequence of this but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
# See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.
# More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.[18]
# Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
# Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
# An official short name in English has been adopted by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organizations including the United Nations. See Name of the Czech Republic.
# The designation "Denmark" can refer either to Metropolitan Denmark or to the entire Danish Realm (e.g. in international organisations).
# The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.
# Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.
# Åland was demilitarized by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
# France's claimed Antarctic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constituent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
# Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
# While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"[26][27] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".[28] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, in this usage "republic" is not capitalized.
# "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.[30] See names of the Irish state.
# The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.
# The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.
# The designation "the Netherlands" can refer either to the Metropolitan Netherlands or to the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organisations).
# Formerly known constitutionally as the "Republic of Macedonia" from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa agreement going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed "North Macedonia".
# Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, known as the plazas de soberanía.
# Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.
# Formerly the "Republic of Turkey". In 2023, the United Nations recognized "Türkiye" as the official English name of the country after a request made by the Turkish government.
# This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[1] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
# This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
# Information is included on:
#* The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
#* Membership in the European Union,[e] where applicable,
#* Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
#* federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
#* Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
#* Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
#* Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
# Though de facto recognized by Taiwan.
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# 中華民國國情介紹. 2.16.886.101.20003. 22 March 2017.
# van der Wees, Gerrit. "Is Taiwan's International Space Expanding or Contracting?". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
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Bibliography
* Bissio, Roberto Remo, ed. (1995). The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96. Montevideo: Instituto del Tercer Mundo. ISBN 978-0-85598-291-1. OCLC 476299738.
* "Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations". Statistics Division, United Nations. 1 April 2010.
* Davis, Tim (19 February 2009). "World Countries and States List". TimDavis.com.au.
* "Geographic Names" (PDF). Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations. 7 September 2000.
* "ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements". International Organization for Standardization. 2010.
* "List of countries, territories and currencies". Publications Office of the European Union. 4 May 2010.
* "The World Factbook". United States: Central Intelligence Agency. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007.
* World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce (2003). Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report (27th ed.). London: Kogan Page. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7494-4066-4. OCLC 51992589.
* Slayden, Greg. "The Countries of the World". PeakBagger.com. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
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