Taiwanese kana

Taiwanese Kana is a katakana-based writing system that was used to write Taiwanese Hokkien when the Taiwan was under Japanese rule. It functioned as a phonetic guide to hanzi, much like furigana in Japanese or Bopomofo in Chinese. There were similar systems for other languages in Taiwan as well, including Hakka and Formosan languages.
== Basic rules ==
Mapped sounds are mostly similar to katakana in Japanese, with the kana ヤ, ユ, ヨ, ワ, ヰ, and ヱ not used. Each syllable is written with two or three kana (with a few exceptions). Notable differences include:
===Vowels===
There are six vowels in Taiwanese: ア [a], イ [i], ウ [u], エ[e], オ [ɔ], ヲ [ə]. Note that the pronunciations of ウ,オ, and ヲ are different from Japanese (which are [ɯ], [o], and [(w)o] respectively.)
The vowel ヲ is pronounced [u] in the diphthongs ヲア [ua]and ヲエ [ue], also their extensions such as ヲァイ [uai], ヲァッ [uat̚]. In some dialects ヲ may be pronounced [o] or [ɤ].
In syllables with a single vowel, the kana for the vowel is repeated, like the long vowels in Japanese. For example, カア [ka], キイ [ki], オオ [ɔ], ヲヲ [ə].
The small kana ァ, ィ, ゥ, ェ, ォ, 𛅦 are defined as short vowels. They are used to represent the second vowel in the middle of a syllable, or a final glottal stop. For example, キァウ [kiau], キェク for [kiek̚], キァゥ [kiauʔ].
There are two optional vowel kana for Choâⁿ-chiu accent (Quanzhou dialect): ウ [ɨ] and オ [ə]. For example, クウ[kɨ], コオ [kə], クゥヌ [kɨn].
===Consonants===
フ is pronounced [hu], not [ɸɯ] as in Japanese.
There are five overlined kana to distinguish [t] and [ts]/[tɕ]. サ [tsa], チ [ti], ツ [tu], セ [tse], ソ [tsə] or [tso].
== Orthography ==
Latin 	Kana
B b, P p 	バ　ビ　ブ　ベ　ボ
PH ph 	パ　ピ　プ　ペ　ポ
T t 	ダ　ディ　ドゥ　デ　ド
TH th 	タ　ティ　トゥ　テ　ト
TS ts, J j 	ザ　ジ　ズ　ゼ　ゾ
TSH tsh 	チャ　チ　チュ　チェ　チョ　ツ
G g, K k 	ガ　ギ　グ　ゲ　ゴ
KH kh 	カ　キ　ク　ケ　コ
M m 	マ　ミ　ム　メ　モ
N n 	ナ　ニ　ヌ　ネ　ノ
NG ng 	ンガ　ガ
S s 	サ　シ　ス　セ　ソ
H h 	ハ　ヒ　フ　ヘ　ホ
L l 	ラ　リ　ル　レ　ロ
A a 	ア
ANN ann, AM am, AN an, ANG ang 	アン
AP ap, AT at, AK ak, AH ah 	アッ
ANNH annh 	アンッ
AI ai 	アイ
AIH aih 	アイッ
AINNH ainnh 	アインッ
AU au 	アウ
AUH auh 	アウッ
E e 	エ
EE ee 	エー
ER er 	アー
ERE ere 	アエ
ENN enn 	エン
EH eh 	エッ
ENNH ennh 	エンッ
I i 	イ
INN inn, IM im, IN in, ING ing 	イン
IP ip, IT it, IK ik, IH ih 	イッ
INNH innh 	インッ
IA ia 	イア　ヤ
IANN iann, IAM iam, IAN ian, IANG iang	イアン　ヤン
IAP iap, IAT iat, IAK iak, IAH iah 	イアッ　ヤッ
IANNH iannh 	イアンッ　ヤンッ
IAU iau 	イアウ　ヤウ
IAUNN iaunn 	イアウン　ヤウン
IAUH iauh 	イアウッ　ヤウッ
IO io 	イオ　ヨ
IOH ioh, IOK iok 	イオッ　ヨッ
IONG iong 	イオン　ヨン
IU iu 	イウ　ユ
IUNN iunn 	イウン　ユン
IUH iuh 	イウッ　ユッ
IUNNH iunnh 	イウンッ　ユンッ
O o 	オ
OO oo 	オー
OH oh, OP op, OK ok 	オッ
OOH ooh 	オーッ
ONNH onnh 	オンッ
U u 	ウ
UN un 	ウン
UT ut, UH uh 	ウッ
UA ua 	ウア　ワ
UANN uann, UAN uan 	ウアン　ワン
UAT uat, UAH uah 	ウアッ　ワッ
UAI uai 	ウアイ　ワイ
UAINN uainn 	ウアイン　ワイン　ウアイヤン　ワイヤン
UE ue 	ウエ　ウェ
UEH ueh 	ウエッ　ウェッ
UI ui 	ウイ　ウィ
M m, NG ng 	ン
MH mh, NGH ngh 	ンッ
Category:Chinese writing systems
Category:Kana