Wolverine

== Description ==
The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest land-dwelling species of the family Mustelidae. It is a muscular carnivore and a solitary animal. The wolverine has a reputation for ferocity and strength out of proportion to its size, with the documented ability to kill prey many times larger than itself.
== Appearance ==
Wolverines have the characteristics of a dog a bear and, a skunk. They have long snouts, short legs, and long hair. Though the legs of these animals are short, their large, five-toed paws with crampon-like claws and plantigrade posture enable them to climb up and over steep cliffs, trees, and snow-covered peaks with relative ease. Wolverines have thick, dark, oily, highly hydrophobic fur, making it resistant to frost. A light-silvery facial mask is distinct in some individuals, and a pale buff stripe runs laterally from the shoulders along the side and crosses the rump just above a 25-35 cm (10-14 in) bushy tail. Some individuals display prominent white hair patches on their throats or chests. Wolverines, like other mustelids, possess a special upper molar in the back of the mouth that is rotated 90 degrees, towards the inside of the mouth. This special characteristic allows wolverines to tear off meat from prey or carrion that has been frozen solid.
== Distribution ==
Wolverines prefer colder areas and inhabit the Arctic and subarctic, Alpine forests, grasslands, taiga, tundra, and boreal forests of Europe, Asia, and northern parts of North America. They live in mountainous areas, boreal forests, and subarctic and alpine tundra.
== Lifestyle ==
Wolverines are well-adapted to winter and do not hibernate. They are mostly solitary, except when mating. Like the skunk, wolverines have a strong-smelling secretion called musk, used to warn others to keep out of their territory. They also spray the places they hide their food to discourage others from raiding them. Sometimes active during the day, they are nocturnal animals. Where there are prolonged times of darkness or light, wolverines may have three to four hours of activity and then three to four hours of sleep. They can quickly climb trees and are excellent swimmers.
== Diet ==
Wolverines are scavengers and carnivores. Apart from carrion they often eat large game like moose, caribou, and mountain goats; also smaller animals like rodents and ground squirrels, and sometimes birds' eggs and berries. During times of plenty, wolverines frequently cache their food.
== Reproduction ==
Wolverines are polygynous. They don't form pair bonds and mate from May to August. Females then build dens where they will have their young, often caves dug into the snow, sometimes as much as 15 feet deep. Gestation is nearly 2 months and 2 or 3 kits is the usual litter size. Females manage most of the rearing, though males from time to time visit to care for the young. Weaning occurs at 3 months and young start to forage themselves at 5 to 7 months. Wolverines become reproductively mature around the age of 2.
== Population ==
=== Population threats ===
The biggest threat facing the wolverines is climate change. Less snow is produced in warmer weather, and, wolverines are dependent on it for food and reproduction. They can be hunted for their fur, prized due to their frost-resistant properties. Their natural predators include wolves, mountain lions, brown bears, black bears, and golden eagles.
=== Population number ===
According to Wikipedia, the world's total wolverine population is not known. According to IUCN, the European population was recently estimated at approximately 2,260 individuals: 1,400 in European Russia, 150 in Finland, 326 (±45) individuals in Sweden, and 269 (±32) individuals in Norway. Canada's' wolverine population is estimated at 15,000-19,000 individuals. The ICUN classifies the wolverine as "Least Concern", with a decreasing population trend.
=== Ecological niche ===
Wolverines are scavengers, eating the kill of bears and wolves and thus help to keep the ecosystem healthy. They have only a few natural predators. They prey on large and small animals. They rely on other large predators to provide food when the snow conditions prevent them from hunting large prey themselves. Wolverine urine discourages the presence and feeding of Snowshoe hares and Black-tailed deer.
== Fun Facts ==
Wolverines eat bones with their very strong teeth and jaws.
As a wolverine walks, its paw spreads out to almost twice its size, making it easier to walk on snow, like built-in snowshoes.
"Gulo gulo," the scientific name for the wolverine, comes from the Latin "gulo," which means "glutton."
Wolverines have a special kind of upper molar, which is rotated 90 degrees and allows it to tear apart flesh quickly.
== Gallery ==
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== Main References ==
https://animalia.bio/wolverine
Category:Animals
Category:Animalia
Category:Chordata
Category:Vertebrata
Category:Vertebrates
Category:Mammals
Category:Mammalia
Category:Carnivora
Category:Caniformia
Category:Mustelidae
Category:Mustelids
Category:Gulo
Category:Nocturnal Animals
Category:Carnivores
Category:Scavengers
Category:Terrestrial Animals
Category:Altricial Animals
Category:Viviparous Animals
Category:Burrowers
Category:Predators
Category:Polygynous Animals
Category:Solitary Animals
Category:Non-Migrational Animals
Category:North American Animals
Category:Asian Animals
Category:European Animals
Category:East Asian Animals
Category:Animals of Canada
Category:Animals of China
Category:Animals of Finland
Category:Animals of Mongolia
Category:Animals of Norway
Category:Animals of Russia
Category:Animals of Sweden
Category:Animals of Estonia
Category:Animals of the United States
Category:Least Concern Animals