Newton OS

Newton OS was an operating system developed by Apple Computer for Newton mobile devices, such as the MessagePad series and the eMate 300.
==History==
===Version 1.x===
Newton OS 1.0 was first released with the original MessagePad on August 3, 1993 and used the CalliGrapher handwriting recognition engine. Rapid releases of early patches were focused on stability. Version 1.1 added German language support in October 1993.Newton Hardware: Localized models, Chuma.org. Accessed 2020-01-20. Version 1.3 was initially released with the MessagePad 120 for the German market in October 1994, and then became available as a downloadable software update on January 30, 1995 for existing users of the MessagePad 100 and 110.Apple Announces the MessagePad 120 With Enhanced Features by Apple Computer, Tech Insider. 1995-01-30. It also added French support.
===Version 2.x===
In December 1995, the MessagePad 120 became the first model to be upgradeable to Newton OS 2.0 through the replacement of a socketed ROM chip for 109. Handwriting recognition was greatly improved and could recognize both printed and cursive script. Version 2.1 was the final public release in March 1997 and added grayscale support. The ROMs from Apple's eMate 300 and Schlumberger Watson were discovered to be version 2.2, but patched in software to identify as 2.1.Other eMate Hardware Hacks by Stephanie Maksylewich. Archived 2008-05-15.Newton Mp2x00 Extract the ROM, request for help by Sylvain Pilet, NewtonTalk. Archived 2015-01-30. The Newton product line was discontinued on February 27, 1998.Why did Apple kill the Newton? by David MacNeill, Pen Computing Magazine. 1998-06.
===Legacy===
Former Apple Newton developers founded Pixo, the company that created the operating system for the original iPod in 2001.Little-known startup was behind iPod's easy-to-use interface / Firm's founder now working on the latest handhelds by Matthew Yi, San Francisco Chronicle. 2004-08-16.
In September 2004, Paul Guyot released Einstein, an emulator that can run Newton OS 2.1 on Mac OS X. It has since become open-source software that can run on other platforms.Einstein Roadmap (PDF) by Paul Guyot, Worldwide Newton Conference. 2007-07-08.
==Newton OS release history==
Version	Release date 	Supported models 	Notes
1.0 	1993-08-03 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000 	new release
1.0.2 	 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000 	software patch
1.0.3 	 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000 	software patch
1.0.4 	 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000 	software patch
1.0.5 	 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000 	software patch
1.1 	1993-10-30 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000GSiemens NotePhone 	ROM upgrade
1.1.1 	 	MessagePad (original)Sharp Expert Pad PI-7000GSiemens NotePhone 	software patch
1.2 	1994-03-04 	MessagePad 100MessagePad 110Sharp Expert Pad PI-7100 	new release
1.3 	1994-10-01 (Germany)1995-01-30 (worldwide)	MessagePad 100MessagePad 110MessagePad 120Digital Ocean TarponHarris SuperTech 2000Motorola MarcoSharp Expert Pad PI-7100	software patch
2.0 	1995-12-01 	MessagePad 120MessagePad 130Digital Ocean Seahorse 	ROM upgrade New Newton Operating System Will Debut on Apple's MessagePad 120 Personal Digital Assistant, Apple Computer. 1995-11-13.
2.1 	1997-03-07 	eMate 300*MessagePad 2000MessagePad 2100Schlumberger Watson*Siemens Online Terminal 	new release
:*Identifies as version 2.2 when a software patch is removed.
==References==
==External links==
*Newton OS System Updates at Apple (archived 1997-07-07)
**Newton Developer World at Apple Developer World (archived 1997-07-07)
**Newton OS computers (archived 1997-07-07)
**Newton System Update 1.3 for the MessagePad 100 and 110 (PDF, 1995)
**New Features of the Newton 2.0 Operating System (PDF, 1995)
**Older Software Downloads: Newton Software (2001-07-17, archived 2001-08-01)
**StarCore Product Usability List of compatibility with Newton OS 2.0 (PDF, 1995-11-30)
*Apple Newton ROMs at the Internet Archive
*Newton Software Backup Server at AppleNewton.co.uk
*Newton OS at Chuma.org
*Newton OS at the Graphical User Interface Gallery
*Newton OS at madeApple
*Newton OS at Newtonhonk
*Newton OS at the Newton Glossary
* at Wikipedia
===Articles===
*The Newton Operating System (PDF) by Apple Computer Inc. and Wayfarer Communications Inc. at the IEEE Computer Conference (1994-02-28)
*First Look: Newton OS 2.0 by Vernon Huang, M.D. at Pen Computing #7 (1995-12)
*Apple Newton - A Personal Digital Assistant from 25 years ago by Matthew Goodrich at Adafruit (2019-10-29)
Category:Discontinued Apple software
Category:Operating systems
Category:1993 introductions