Folk toy

"'People's pea'" is a form of artistic creativity of narodu, which combines the multifaceted culture of narodu. The people also call her a tsetska, a doll, a beautiful tsetsyanka, a win, a toy. Along with our carol, fairy tale, proverb, proverb, thought, the folk song is a priceless national treasure.
==The history of the development of the folk toy ==
The Ukrainian folk toy has a rich history due to its popularity at different times. She brings up the child from birth. Slavs have always believed in the magical power of toys, in their ability to protect against evil forces and diseases. The history of the folk toy begins in ancient times. During the excavations, toys from ancient Egypt and ancient China were found. On the territory of Ukraine, the oldest toy prototypes were discovered in the village of Mezyn Korop district of Chernihiv region. These were figurines of birds, wolves or dogs, made from mammoth tusk about 25 thousand years ago. In a cemetery on the territory of Lviv region, an archaeologistfound hollow figures of birds, which were later transformed into fistula toys. Children's toys of the ancient Slavs (wooden grasshoppers, ducks) were found during excavations in Naddnipryanshchyna. They are dated approximately from the 10th to the beginning of the 12th century. At that time, there were also so-called technical toys: bows, jigs. In the pre-Christian period, toys mainly depicted sacred animals, birds, and mystical creatures that had a negative impact on mythology. In the second half of the 18th century, the production of toys for sale began at fairs. No fair was complete without clay grasshoppers, lambs, roosters, dolls that were painted with ornaments and decorated with colored clay. Among the toys of the Dnipro region at the end of the 19th century. — wooden mugs for collecting liquids, wooden dolls, small models of household items (toy pestles, wheelbarrows, rubles, jigs, windmills, etc. Mechanical workpieces with moving elements were popular — figures cut out in pairs from combined strips of bears, blacksmiths). , weavers; The materials for making the toy were diverse. They made it from everything that was in nature: from clay, straw, fir tree cones, etc. When a child was born, a "poteshka" was placed in its path from the first months. It could be a dried box of poppies. with contents, crackle, bright piece of fabric.
In addition to entertainment, toys, as parents believed, attracted good spirits, a guardian angel, and protected the child from evil spirits and evil spirits. The rattle and the ball symbolized the sky and the heavenly world, connected the child with the world of goodness.
==Ceramic toys ==
Seven thousand years ago, whistles were already made, folk toys with a whistle hole for producing sound. Such is the cuckoo that lives in Poltava Region as a children's toy.
The most popular folk toy, which is made in industrial conditions, is a pea made of clay. Even children were engaged in sculpting toys, they were so simple and traditional. The main thing in this case was to learn how to sculpt a hollow body (the same for both animals and birds). Fistula birds were produced in all pottery industries of Ukraine: in Podilly and Lviv Oblast, in Opishne and Kosovo, in [ [Kharkiv]] region and Kyiv region. They differ only in size and decor. Fistulas are also sculptures of various animals: rams, bulls, capers, grasshoppers, deer, devils, pigs, dogs, as well as; riders on horseback, "ladies", "best men", "maids", cradle-boats with a mother and a baby. The function of these toys, in addition to the game, is also cognitive and educational. Fistula toys, like clay toys in general, were made wherever there were potters. But the most famous pottery centers, whose products are characterized by stylistic and figurative originality, ornamental preferences. These are Opishne (Poltava region), Kosiv (Ivano-Frankivsk region), Ichnya (Chernihiv region), Gromy (Cherka region), Dybyntsi, [[Vasylkiv] ] (Kyiv Oblast), Bar, Bubnivka, Adamivka , Mykolaiv, Stara Sil (Lviv Oblast), Valky (Kharkiv Oblast), Vyshnivets, Honcharivka (Ternopil Oblast).
==Wooden toys ==
Wood is the oldest material from which people began to make children's toys. Most wooden toys belong to acoustic-mechanical and moving-mechanical toys. These are rattles, and furkalas, rattles, rattles, windmills, birds on wheels with movable wings, carts, carousels, and horses on wheels. Children's furniture, tableware, wheelbarrows, linen for rooks, musical instruments, whistle birds, roosters, horses, horses with riders, etc. are also made from wood. toy musical instruments (pipes, whistles, rattles, rattles made in Prykarpattia, in Yavoriv(Lviv region)
Wooden toys are divided into: toys made from a solid piece of wood - by cutting, carving; toys are made of separate parts like
Category:Ukrainian musical instruments
Category:Ukrainian ceramics
Category:Ukrainian folk crafts
Category:Intangible cultural heritage of Ukraine
Category:Alphabet instruments