Tharbad

Tharbad was a fortified town on the River Greyflood, near the southern edge of Eriador in Middle-earth.
==History==
===Second Age===
Tharbad was originally the name given to a ford, high up along the once-densely-forested banks of the Gwathló, where:
..the land was almost flat, and the waters became sluggish, tending to spread into fenland. Above Tharbad the river was forked, with both branches having converged from out of a network of swamps, pools and eyots, where the only inhabitants were hosts of swans, and many other waterbirds.Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth, Part Two: The Second Age, Chapter IV: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn"
In the early Second Age, this huge fenland north-east of Tharbad, which the Elves named 'Nîn-in-Eilph', the 'Swanfleet', entered the southern part of the Ñoldorin realm Eregion, and Tharbad is first mentioned in the sixth century of that Age;
...no records are now left of the later voyages that Aldarion made, but it is known that he went much on land as well as sea, and went up the River Gwathló as far as Tharbad, and there met Galadriel.Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth, Part Two: The Second Age, chapter II: "Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife"
Such early river voyages were made by "hardy explorers" of Númenor, in "ships of smaller draught", but such journeys up the Gwathló increased rapidly after the Númenóreans constructed a small harbour at the river's estuary to exploit the local timber: Vinyalondë, 'the New Haven'.
By SA 1695, the Númenóreans were devastating the forests below Tharbad, and had been obliged to build forts both at the Haven and along the river, to protect their shipbuilding yards and "great wood-stores" from the local population, who were understandably hostile:
..the Númenóreans treated them as enemies, and became ruthless in their fellings, giving no thought to husbandry or replanting.
Despite overrunning all of Eriador in the war which began in that year, Sauron:
"..had not enough force to spare for any assault upon the forts..", but late in the war it is recorded that he
summoned more forces, which...were indeed in Enedwaith at the Crossing of Tharbad, which was only lightly held.
Whether Tharbad's defenses were overcome is untold, but Tharbad did become the site of the Battle of the Gwathló, where, after having his army caught in the rear by Ciryatur who had hastened from Lond Daer Enedh, Sauron was defeated "utterly".
Tharbad and its region were largely ignored by Elves and the Númenóreans following the destruction of Eregion and the "continued hostility" of the surviving natives.
The site of the ford became very important after the founding of Gondor and Arnor in SA 3320, however, and saw extensive development: A need had arisen "..to undertake the great works of drainage and dyke-building that (would make) a great port on the site where Tharbad stood.."
=== Third Age ===
The ford had been deepened to receive seagoing vessels, and the massive fenlands above it were extensively drained, until a much smaller Swanfleet was all that remained. Tharbad's new river-port was spanned by the Bridge of Tharbad, the immense labour of which "was shared by the North and South Kingdoms", and included "a fortified town and haven about the great bridge over the Greyflood."The History of Middle-earth, Vol. XII: The Peoples of Middle-earth, chapter X: "Of Dwarves and Men"
These fortifications around the town were "raised there on great earthworks on both sides of the river..", and the 'Great South Road', which was built at the same time to connect the two kingdoms, passed across the bridge via "long causeways that carried the road to it on either side across the fens...".Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth
Some things did not change, however: Tharbad was the only settlement of Númenóreans in Enedwaith, because the area beyond the fortified town "was of little concern to them, except for the patrolling and upkeep of the Great Royal Road". Nevertheless, "a considerable garrison of soldiers, mariners and engineers [were] kept there until the seventeenth century of the Third Age...".
From about TA 1150, it is incidentally recorded that a tribe of hobbits migrated to the fens above Tharbad, and spread onto the land along the Causeway south-east of the town over several centuries, but they left around TA 1630:
...because the land and clime of Eriador, especially in the east, worsened and became unfriendly.The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B: The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands), "The Third Age"
Their departure and the deterioration in the weather occurred around the time of the Great Plague of TA 1636, which almost completely wiped out the remaining population of Cardolan. Cardolan's few surviving Dúnedain died out during this time. Gondor too was devastated, and in the years following the Plague, the garrisons were withdrawn and the traffic along the road through Tharbad declined considerably, as "many parts of Eriador [had become] desolate." (LR): little wonder that "from then onwards, the region fell quickly into decay..." (UT).
Survivors of the Plague did remain in Tharbad, however, and the road through it continued to be a significant trade route for another 350 years, until the fall of Arthedain in TA 1974. The town's importance continued to decline, however, and by TA 2050, the nearby native Dunlendings, as well as the people left in Tharbad, no doubt:
...ceased in fact to be subjects of Gondor; the Royal Road was unkempt in Enedwaith, and the Bridge of Tharbad became ruinous, and was replaced only by a dangerous ford.Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth, Part Three: The Third Age, Chapter V: "The Battles of the Fords of Isen"
Tharbad was still inhabited for another 862 years, despite the absence of any sort of central government, presumably by a people akin to the Bree-men and Dunlendings. During this period, the decrepit remains of the Great South Road above Tharbad became known as 'The Greenway', whilst Tharbad itself was finally "ruined and deserted" (LR) in TA 2912, when great floods devastated Enedwaith following the Fell Winter.
By the time of the War of the Ring a century later:
When Boromir made his great journey from Gondor to Rivendell - the courage and hardihood required is not fully recognized in the narrative - the North-South Road no longer existed except for the crumbling remains of the causeways, by which a hazardous approach to Tharbad might be achieved, only to find ruins on dwindling mounds, and a dangerous ford formed by the ruins of the bridge, impassable if the river had not there been slow and shallow - but wide.
Others occasionally crossed the ford - at their peril - including the Ringwraiths, servants and spies of Sauron, as well as the Grey Company who sought Aragorn II in Rohan in TA 3019.
=== Fourth Age ===
In the early Fourth Age, the "ruined town" was probably rebuilt and resettled at last by King Elessar, and repopulated by Men of the Reunited Kingdom.
==Etymology==
Tharbad is Sindarin for 'road-crossing'.Unfinished index for The Lord of the Rings
==Translations==
Foreign Language 	Translated name
Amharic 	ጥሃርባድ
Arabic 	طهارباد
Armenian 	Տհարբադ
Assamese 	থাৰবাদ
Belarusian Cyrillic	Тарбад
Bengali 	ঠার্বাদ
Bulgarian Cyrillic 	Тарбад
Chinese (Hong Kong)	塔巴德
Georgian 	თარბად
Greek 	Θάρμπαντ
Gujarati 	ઠર્બદ
Hebrew 	תארבאד
Hindi 	ठर्बद
Japanese 	サルバド
Kazakh 	Тһарбад (Cyrillic) Tharbad (Latin)
Korean 	타 바드
Kyrgyz Cyrillic 	Тhарбад
Macedonian Cyrillic	Тхарбад
Marathi 	ठर्बद्
Mongolian Cyrillic 	Тhарбад
Nepalese 	ठर्बद
Pashto 	طهارباد
Persian 	طهارباد
Punjabi 	ਥਰਬਾਡ
Russian 	Тарбад
Sanskrit 	ठर्बद्
Serbian 	Тхарбад (Cyrillic) Tharbad (Latin)
Sinhalese 	ඨ්අර්බ්අද්
Tamil 	ட்ஹர்பத்
Telugu 	తరబడి
Ukrainian Cyrillic 	Тгарбад
Urdu 	طهارباد
Uzbek 	Тҳарбад (Cyrillic) Tharbad (Latin)
Yiddish 	תּהאַרבאַד
==References==
Category:Sindarin names & words
Category:Fords
Category:Cities of Men
Category:Ruins
Category:Eriador
Category:Cities of Gondor
Category:Arnor
Category:Harbours and ports
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