List of Scottish royal consorts

The consorts of the monarchs of Scotland, such as queens consort, princesses consort, and kings consort, bore titles derived from their marriage. The Kingdom of Scotland was first unified as a state by Kenneth I of Scotland in 843, and ceased to exist as an independent kingdom after the Act of Union 1707 when it was merged with the Kingdom of England to become the Kingdom of Great Britain.
The early history of Scotland is confused and often obscure, due largely to information given by the sources of the time and after, which are often contradictory, vague, and lacking in detail. Details of the kings prior to Malcolm III are sparse, and the status of two – Giric and Eochaid – dubious; details of their wives are almost non-existent. Thus, it is practically impossible to construct a list of consorts of Scotland prior to the accession of Macbeth, whose wife Gruoch is well-documented and somewhat notorious.
==House of Moray==
Although a few details of earlier queens consort are known – for example, Duncan I was married to a woman named in one source as Suthen – the first queen about whom much is known is Gruoch, a daughter of Boite mac Cináeda, himself a son of either Kenneth II or Kenneth III. She was the wife of Macbeth and her son was Lulach. 
The mother of Máel Snechtai, Lulach's son, was still alive in 1078, when she was seized by Malcolm Canmore, but nothing else is known of her, not even if she and Lulach were married.
Picture	Name 	Father (House) 	Birth 	Marriage 	Became consort 	Coronation	Ceased to be consort	Death 	Spouse
 	Gruoch of Scotland	Boite mac Cináeda(MacAlpin)	c. 1015	after 1032	c. 14 August 1040	– 	15 August 1057 	c. 1060	Macbeth
==House of Dunkeld (1058–1286)==
In 1058, Malcolm Long-neck of the House of Dunkeld overthrew his cousin, Lulach, and reclaimed the Scottish throne for himself. His family, the House of Dunkeld, would rule until the death of Alexander III in 1286, with whom the House ended. Alexander's heir was his infant granddaughter, Margaret, "the Maid of Norway", of the House of Fairhair; but she died, still unmarried and childless, in late 1290 before reaching Scotland, and was never crowned at Scone. After two years of Interregnum, the controversial John de Balliol was chosen as king (his wife was already dead, and never became queen consort); but after four years of reign, he abdicated, and Scotland entered another Interregnum until 1306.
Picture	Name 	Father (House) 	Birth 	Marriage 	Became Consort 	Coronation	Ceased to be Consort	Death 	Spouse
 	Ingibiorg Finnsdottir 	Finn Arnesson 	? 	? 	1058? 	– 	1058/69? 	1058/69? 	Malcolm III
 	Margaret of Wessex 	Edward the Exile(Wessex) 	c. 1045 	1070 	1070 	– 	13 November 1093 	16 November 1093 	Malcolm III
 	Ethelreda of Northumbria	Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria 	? 	1093/94 	1093/94 	– 	1094 	? 	Duncan II
 	Sybilla of Normandy 	Henry I of England(Normandy) 	1092 	1107 	1107 	– 	12/13 July 1122 	12/13 July 1122 	Alexander I
 	Maud of Northumbria 	Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria 	1074 	1113 	April/May 1124 	– 	1130 	1130 	David I
 	Ermengarde de Beaumont 	Richard I, Viscount de Beaumont(House of Beaumont)	c. 1170 	5 September 1186	5 September 1186	– 	4 December 1214 	12 February 1233/34	William I
 	Joan of England 	John of England(Plantagenet) 	22 July 1210 	21 June 1221 	21 June 1221 	– 	4 March 1238 	4 March 1238 	Alexander II
 	Marie de Coucy 	Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy(Coucy) 	c. 1218 	15 May 1239 	15 May 1239 	– 	6 July 1249 	1285 	Alexander II
 	Margaret of England 	Henry III of England(Plantagenet) 	29 September 1240	26 December 1251	26 December 1251	 	26 February 1275 	26 February 1275 	Alexander III
 	Yolande de Dreux 	Robert IV, Count of Dreux(Dreux) 	c. 1265 	15 October 1285 	15 October 1285 	 	19 March 1286 	2 August 1322 	Alexander III
==House of Bruce (1306–1371) (Bruis)==
In 1306, Robert the Bruce and his wife, Elizabeth de Burgh, were crowned King and Queen of Scots at Scone, ending the Scottish interregnum. The Bruce family would rule until the death of David II in 1371.
Picture	Name 	Father (House) 	Birth 	Marriage 	Became consort 	Coronation 	Ceased to be consort 	Death 	Spouse
 	Elizabeth de Burgh	Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster(de Burgh)	c. 1289 	1302 	25 March 1306 	27 March 1306	27 October 1327 	27 October 1327 	Robert I
 	Joan of England 	Edward II of England(Plantagenet) 	5 July 1321	17 July 1328 	7 June 1329 	November 1331	7 September 1362 	7 September 1362	David II
 	Margaret Drummond 	Sir Malcolm Drummond(Drummond) 	c. 1340 	20 February 1364	20 February 1364	 	20 March 1369Divorced by husband	31 January 1375 	David II
==House of Stewart (1371–1707) (Gælic: Stiubhart)==
===Direct line (1371–1542)===
Upon the death of David II in 1371, his nephew, Robert Stewart (the son of Walter Stewart and Marjorie Bruce, herself the daughter of Robert I by his first marriage) acceded to the throne. His direct line of heirs would continue to rule until the death of his last direct male descendant, James V. James left only a six-day-old girl as his heir, prompting his angry exclamation, "The devil go with it! [The rule of the Stewarts] will end as it began. It came with a lass, and it will pass with a lass." In this he was wrong: Mary would marry a member of a junior branch of the Stewart family, and the line they founded would rule not only Scotland but also England and Ireland until 1714. However, the final Stewart monarch was a woman, Anne, Queen of Great Britain.
Picture	Arms 	Name 	Father (House) 	Birth 	Marriage 	Became consort 	Coronation 	Ceased to be consort	Death 	Spouse
 	 	Euphemia de Ross 	Aodh, Earl of Ross(Ross) 	before 1333 	2 May 1355 	22 February 1371 	 	1386 	1386 	Robert II
 	 	Anabella Drummond 	John Drummond, 11th Thane of Lennox(Drummond)	c. 1350 	1367 	19 April 1390 	August 1390 	1401 	1401 	Robert III
 	100px	Joan Beaufort 	John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset(Beaufort)	c. 1404 	2 February 1424 	2 February 1424 	21 May 1424 	21 February 1437 	15 July 1445 	James I
 	 	Mary of Guelders 	Arnold, Duke of Guelders(Egmond) 	c. 1434 	3 July 1449 	3 July 1449 	 	3 August 1460 	1 December 1463 	James II
 	100px	Margaret of Denmark	Christian I of Denmark(Oldenburg) 	23 June 1456 	July 1469 	July 1469 	 	before 14 July 1486 	before 14 July 1486	James III
 	 	Margaret of England	Henry VII of England(Tudor) 	28 November 1489	25 January 1502 (by proxy)8 August 1503	25 January 1502 (by proxy)8 August 1503	8 August 1503 	9 September 1513 	18 October 1541 	James IV
 	 	Madeleine of Valois	Francis I of France(Valois) 	10 August 1520 	1 January 1537 	1 January 1537 	 	7 July 1537 	7 July 1537 	James V
 	100px	Mary of Guise 	Claude, Duke of Guise(Guise) 	22 November 1515	18 May 1538 	18 May 1538 	22 February 1540	14 December 1542 	11 June 1560 	James V
===House of Stuart (1542–1649)===
In 1542, James V died, leaving his daughter Mary as Queen of Scots. Mary was later sent by her mother to the French court, where her surname was gallicised to Stuart. Mary married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, a member of a junior branch of the Stewart family (who had also gallicised their surname to Stuart). Their son, James VI, established the Stuart dynasty, which would rule not only Scotland but also England and Ireland. Their rule was briefly terminated with the Civil War, in which Charles I was executed and the Commonwealth declared; between 1649 and 1660, England, Scotland and Ireland were ruled by Parliament, dominated by Oliver Cromwell. 
Picture	Arms 	Name 	Father (House) 	Birth 	Marriage 	Became consort 	Coronation 	Ceased to be consort 	Death 	Spouse
 	 	Francis II of France 	Henry II of France(Valois) 	19 January 1544 	24 April 1558 	24 April 1558 	 	5 December 1560 	5 December 1560 	Mary I
 	100px	Henry Stuart 	Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox(Stuart) 	7 December 1545 	29 July 1565 	29 July 1565 	 	9/10 February 1567 	9/10 February 1567	Mary I
 	100px	James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell	Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell(Hepburn)	 	15 May 1567 	15 May 1567 	 	24 July 1567 Wife's abdication 	14 April 1578 	Mary I
 	 	Anne of Denmark 	Frederick II of Denmark(Oldenburg) 	12 December 1574	23 November 1589	23 November 1589	17 May 1590	2 March 1619 	2 March 1619 	James VI
 	 	Henrietta Maria of France 	Henry IV of France(Bourbon) 	25 November 1609	13 June 1625 	13 June 1625 	 	30 January 1649husband's execution	10 September 1669 	Charles I
===House of Stuart (restored) (1660–1707)===
In 1660, Charles II, son of the executed Charles I, was restored to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Stuart rule began again. James VII, his brother, was overthrown in 1688–89 because of his Catholic faith; his daughters, Mary II and Anne, were the last Stuarts to rule in the British Isles, Anne dying in 1714. The Kingdom of Scotland, however, had already ceased to exist in 1707, when the Act of Union amalgamated the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into a united Kingdom of Great Britain. James VII's son, James Francis Edward Stuart, refusing to accept the Act of Union, claimed the English and Scottish thrones, as did his son Charles Edward Stuart; however, they are not considered legitimate Kings of Scotland, since they never effectively secured their claims, and so their wives are not listed here.
Picture	Name 	Father (House) 	Birth 	Marriage 	Became Consort 	Coronation 	Ceased to be Consort 	Death 	Spouse
 	Catherine of Braganza	John IV of Portugal(Braganza) 	25 November 1638	21 May 1662 	21 May 1662 	 	6 February 1685 	31 December 1705	Charles II
 	Mary of Modena 	Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena(Este)	5 October 1658 	30 September 1673	6 February 1685	23 April 1685	11 December 1688 	7 May 1718 	James VII
 	George of Denmark 	Frederick III of Denmark(Oldenburg) 	2 April 1653 	28 July 1683 	8 March 1702 	 	1 May 1707 Kingdoms of Scotland and England amalgamated; Anne becomes Queen regnant of the Kingdom of Great Britain, George royal consort of the same	28 October 1708 	Anne
* For the subsequent consorts of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, see List of British consorts.
==See also==
*List of Scottish monarchs
*List of Scottish royal mistresses
consorts, List of Scottish
Consorts
Scottish consorts, List of
Scotland