Saving throw

A saving throw, often referred to as a save and abbreviated as ST, represents a creature's attempt to resist a (usually negative) effect (such as blindness or damage from a fireball). Not all effects permit a saving throw. When a save is permitted, the target creature rolls a d20 dice. The save is successful if the resulting roll meets or exceeds the creature's adjusted saving throw score. The adjusted saving throw score is formed by applying bonuses and penalties from both the creature and the effect to the creature's applicable base score. The lower the score, the higher the chances of beating it (just like attack rolls and THAC0). If the save is successful, the creature will either avoid the effect entirely or experience an altered or weakened version of it.
For example, Minsc is currently level 17 and is struck with a fireball. Fireballs permit a saving throw and Minsc rolls a 3. His base saving throw score is a 6, but let's say his gear provides a bonus of 4. The fireball spell offers no additional bonuses or penalties to the save, so the adjusted saving throw score is 6-4=2. His roll of 3 meets or exceeds the adjusted score (2), so his save attempt is successful and as a result he will only take half damage.
== How it works ==
In the context of this article, the term effect refers to status effect conditions (e.g., blinded) and some sources of damage (e.g., a fireball). 
The game has two systems for determining if an attack succeeds: THAC0 and Saving Throws. From a high level point of view, think of THAC0 as handling physical attacks and STs as handling magical or unusual attacks (but THAC0 and STs act on the opposite sides of the attack from each other). For example, whether or not a sword succeeds at hitting a creature is handled by the THAC0 of the attacker and whether or not a spell succeeds at affecting a creature is handled by the saving throws of the defender. Things can get a bit fuzzy however, since a magical sword may have a chance of applying additional effects. Whether the magical sword hits is handled by THAC0, but its additional magical effects would be handled using saving throws.
Depending on the nature (or source) of the effect being resisted, one of five different ST scores will be used:
*Paralysis / Poison / Death 
* Rod / Staff / Wand
* Petrification / Polymorph
*Breath Weapon
*Spell
The base values of the ST scores are determined by a character's class and level. For example, a first level fighter has a save vs. death score of 14 and save vs. spell of 17. A first level mage has the same score for death but a 12 for spell. By level 21, the fighter's scores have improved to 3 and 6 and the mage's to 8 and 4, respectively. Classes in the same group tend to have the same saving throws, but there are some exceptions (e.g., Monks).
A base score can be modified by bonuses and penalties from various sources. Temporary modifiers come from:
*Equipped gear, such as armor, amulets and weapons. These items typically (but not always) offer bonuses.
* The special abilities of some items (such as the The Horn of Kazgaroth)
*Spells and innate abilities, which can apply bonuses to party members or penalties to enemies
* Potions, which apply bonuses
Permanent modifiers come from: 
*A character's race: Dwarves and Halflings receive bonuses based on their Constitution (often called "Shorty" ST bonuses, 3 up to 5 in Death/Wand/Spells at 18 constitution). Gnomes receive the same bonuses, though not against Death.
*A mage's school of specialization will give them a Spell ST bonus (and their enemies a penalty) when saving against spells from their chosen school
*Some rare quest rewards will offer permanent modifiers to your saving throws (e.g., Edwin's quest; choosing the good path for the Test of Greed).
A third source of ST modifiers is the effect being saved against. For example, the Chromatic Orb spell gives targets no ST against damage, but gives an ST bonus of 6 when saving against its other effects and the spell Finger of Death imposes an ST penalty of 2 when attempting to resist it.
The character record screen shows a character's saving throw scores. A high level fighter with a base save vs. spell score of 4 might see an entry like this, "Spell: -2 (-6)". The number in parentheses (-6) is the sum of all the fighter's current save vs. spell modifiers. Negative numbers indicate a bonus, and positives a penalty. The first number (-2) is the effective score, which is calculated by adding the modifiers to the base (4 + -6 = -2).
From the above example, you might think our warrior's spell saving throws will always succeed (since the worst d20 roll will always be bigger than the target score of -2), but harmful effects often come with ST penalties. For example, our warrior may face a high-level enemy whose attacks require a save vs. spell at a penalty of 10. This increases the warrior's target score to -2 + 10 = 8, reducing his chances of success to 65%.
The game often refers to bonuses as positive numbers and penalties as negatives. For example, the Helm of Balduran mentions "Saving Throws: +1", even though that number is reflected as a negative when looking at the character record. This isn't just true of saving throws. That same helm offers a +1 AC bonus, but the Inventory and Combat Stats screens both show it as a -1 instead. To avoid confusion, just remember that bonuses always lower the target score (or increase the roll) and penalties increase the score (or lower the roll) and ignore the sign.
Unlike attack rolls, it is still possible for a roll of 1 to succeed; there is no such thing as a critical miss when making saving throws. If a character is immune to an effect, no saving throw is needed to avoid the effect (and none will be performed).
An effect can specify one of 3 saving throw designations:
*None: No saving throw is permitted.
*Negates: A saving throw is permitted. If the save fails, the effect will be applied. If it succeeds, the main effect will not be applied (i.e., it was successfully resisted), but there may still be damage. For example, Finger of Death offers a "Negates" ST. If the target succeeds, they don't die but they still suffer 2d8+1 points of damage.
*1/2: A saving throw is permitted. If the save fails, all of the rolled damage will be used. If the save succeeds, the damage depend on the number of dice thrown.
**If an even number of dice are normally thrown, then only half that number of dice will be used. For example, Potion of Explosions normally causes 6d6 damage but a successful save will reduce the damage to 3d6 instead.
**If an odd number of dice are normally thrown, then the number of dice used is the nearest integer larger than half. For example, Oil of Fiery Burning does 5d6 but a successful save will do 3d6 instead (since 3 is the nearest integer larger than 5/2 = 2.5).
Normally, when a saving throw succeeds, the game will display the following feedback (when a character fails their save, no feedback is recorded):
 (creature name): Save vs. (type): (roll number after applying the save modifiers)
For example:
 Edwin: Save vs. Spell: 11
There’s one exception however, if the effect being resisted has a saving throw bonus and the target wouldn’t have made the successful save without the bonus, then the message will not be displayed at all. For example, let's say a low level mage with an effective Spell ST of 10 is hit by a level 1 chromatic orb. The chromatic orb has an ST bonus of 6, which means the mage needs to roll a 4 or better.
* ST Rolls of 1, 2, or 3 will fail. Instead of ST feedback, the user will see a message telling them they've been blinded
*ST Rolls of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 will succeed but provide no ST feedback. [This behavior appears to have changed in the EE versions.]
*ST Rolls of 10 or better will succeed and display the ST feedback message
=== Bonus===
The term "saving throw bonus" when listed on items or effects is ambiguous. A bonus can be applied in two ways:
*A roll can be made higher: this translate as 1d20+bonus rolls
*A saving throw's required value can be made lower: the rolls are 1d20, but compared to value - bonus.
Effectively, this is the same thing. The difference is from a role-playing point of view:
* A person that is luckier, will make better rolls
*A person that is better equipped, depends less on luck
In this wiki, we try to avoid ambiguity in text and explain which mechanism is used. However, it is possible you find ambiguous expressions. In this case a "+1 bonus" will refer to improved rolls, where a "-1 bonus" will refer to lowered saving throw requirements and conversely a "-1 penalty" will refer to worsened rolls and a "+1 penalty" to increased requirements.
===Racial bonus - "Shorty" saving throws===
Certain Races get a "Racial Bonus" to specific saving throws when the creature's Constitution is above a certain value. They apply to Dwarf, Halfling and Gnome.
See "Shorty" Saving Throws. Note that player characters receive these bonuses, especially as they level up. However, the Game creature files do not receive the Shorty Bonuses, as they do not level up. So, these racial bonuses are a player only advantage over the game's opponent creatures.
==ST Modifying items==
===Amulets===
*Amulet of Seldarine
*Amulet of Spell Warding
*Necklace of Form Stability
*Periapt of Life Protection
*The Protector +1
*Amulet of Protection +2
*Wooden Horse Necklace
*Harper Pin
===Armor===
*Adventurer's Robe
*Armor of Faith +3
*Armor of the Viper +5
*Delver's Plate +2
*Firecam Full-Plate Armor
*Human Flesh +5
*Knave's Robe
*Robe of the Evil Archmagi
*Robe of the Good Archmagi
*Robe of the Neutral Archmagi
*Skin of the Ghoul +4
*Traveler's Robe
===Belts===
*Adoy's Belt
*Belt of Inertial Barrier
===Cloaks===
*Cloak of Balduran
*Cloak of Displacement
*Cloak of Protection +1
*Cloak of Protection +2: The Spirit's Shield +2
*Cloak of the High Forest +1
*Drow Piwafwi Cloak
*Improved Cloak of Protection +2
*Korkorran's Cowl
*Montolio's Cloak
===Shields===
*Shield of the Order +4
===Helms===
*Gift of Peace
*Helm of Balduran
*Lavender Ioun Stone
*The Visage
=== Boots===
*Lucky Boots
===Miscellaneous ===
*Red Globe
*The Claw of Kazgaroth
*The Horn of Kazgaroth
===Potions===
*Potion of Barkskin
*Potion of Invulnerability
*Potion of Magic Shielding (all saves automatically succeed)
*Potion of Stone Form
===Rings===
*Koveras's Ring of Protection
*Ring of Gaxx
*Ring of the Princes +1
*Ring of Earth Control
*The Guard's Ring +2
*The Warder's Signet +3
*De'Arnise Signet Ring
===Spells and abilities===
*Aid
*Avoid Death
*Barkskin
*Barbarian Rage
*Blur
*Boon of Lathander
*Chant
*Chaos of Battle
*Defensive Stance
*Evasion
*Greater Evasion
*Improved Invisibility
*Invoke Courage
*Luck (spell)
*Protection From Evil
*Slayer Form (sets base saves to 2, which can be further modified)
*Spirit Armor
*Spirit Ward
===Weapons===
*Foebane +5
*Spear of the Unicorn +2
*Staff of Power
*Staff of the Magi
*Staff of the Woodlands +4
=== Other ===
* see Tears of Bhaal, Test of Greed
===Penalty-inflicting abilities===
*Called Shot
*Chant
*Chaos of Battle
*Doom
*Greater Malison
*Unholy Blight
*Spirit Fire
==Save progression by class groups ==
The following table shows the default save progression by level for each class group. Some classes and kits have individual bonuses that improve their saves further.
Saving throws
Death/Wand/Petrification/Breath/Spell
Level 	Warrior 	Priest 	Wizard 	Rogue
1 - 2 	14/16/15/17/17	10/14/13/16/15	14/11/13/15/12	13/14/12/16/15
3 	13/15/14/16/16	10/14/13/16/15	14/11/13/15/12	13/14/12/16/15
4 	13/15/14/16/16	9/13/12/15/14 	14/11/13/15/12	13/14/12/16/15
5 	11/13/12/13/14	9/13/12/15/14 	14/11/13/15/12	12/12/11/15/13
6 	11/13/12/13/14	9/13/12/15/14 	13/9/11/13/10 	12/12/11/15/13
7 - 8 	10/12/11/12/13	7/11/10/13/12 	13/9/11/13/10 	12/12/11/15/13
9 	8/10/9/9/11 	7/11/10/13/12 	13/9/11/13/10 	11/10/10/14/11
10 	8/10/9/9/11 	6/10/9/12/11 	13/9/11/13/10 	11/10/10/14/11
11 - 12	7/9/8/8/10 	6/10/9/12/11 	11/7/9/11/8 	11/10/10/14/11
13 -14 	5/7/6/5/8 	5/9/8/11/10 	11/7/9/11/8 	10/8/9/13/9
15 	4/6/5/4/7 	5/9/8/11/10 	11/7/9/11/8 	10/8/9/13/9
16 	4/6/5/4/7 	4/8/7/10/9 	10/5/7/9/6 	10/8/9/13/9
17 - 18	3/5/4/4/6 	4/8/7/10/9 	10/5/7/9/6 	9/6/8/12/7
19 - 20	3/5/4/4/6 	2/6/5/8/7 	10/5/7/9/6 	9/6/8/12/7
>=21 	3/5/4/4/6 	2/6/5/8/7 	8/3/5/7/4 	8/4/7/11/5
Multi-class characters get the best saving throws for each of their class levels.
The following classes and kits get further save bonuses on top of their base group:
*Paladins (Warrior group): bonus of 2 to all saves at level 1
*Shadowdancer (Thief kit, Rogue group): bonus of 1 to all saves at level 1
*Monks (Priest group): bonus of 2 to saves vs. spell at level 1; additional bonus of 1 to all saves at level 9
If the main character transforms into Slayer Form, it will override the base saves above from his/her class, and set them all to 2 instead, which can then be further improved by all the modifiers.
==Monster saving throws ==
Monster saving throws very often follow the standards of one of the aforementioned class groups - whether they're actually assigned a traditional class or not -, which can make guessing their vulnerabilities an easier task, based on what kind of archetype they fit in. For example:
*Some Liches (eg Elemental Lich and Shade Lich) have saves that match level 21+ Wizards (8/3/5/7/4).
*Some Dragons (eg Firkraag and Thaxll'ssillyia) have saves that match level 21+ Warriors (3/5/4/4/6).
*In BG2EE, Hobgoblin Archers have saves that match level 1-2 Warriors (15/16/15/17/17), despite being assigned the Thief class in the game code, and Hobgoblin Captains have saves equivalent to level 5-6 Warriors (11/13/12/13/14).
*Summoned Djinnis and Noble Djinnis have saves that match level 7-8 Warriors (10/12/11/12/13).
*Kuo-Toan Priests, despite being assigned the Cleric/Thief multiclass in the game code, have saves that match level 10-12 Priests (6/10/9/12/11) and the Kuo-Toan Prince has saves matching those of the same class group, but at levels 16-18 (4/8/7/10/9).
As mentioned before, this is very often the case, but it must be noted that some monsters do feature completely unique saving throws, such as Ettercaps whose saves (4/5/5/6/5) don't match any particular class group nor even any multi-class save progression.
==BGWiki writing formats==
As often seen in-game, for example Ring of the Princes states the ST bonus in the description as Saving Throws: +1 (positive number) but is actually implemented as a -1 (negative number) in order to boost the ST, BGW will list all modifiers which directly modify creature's ST scores as -n bonus or +n penalty. While the save modifiers in game are described as, for example in Silence, 15' Radius, make a Saving Throw vs. Spell with/at a -5 penalty, where the stated number directly modifies the d20 roll number, BGW will list all save modifiers as +n bonus or -n penalty to better synchronize how game works and so that all of the numbers can be directly applied to the minimum roll formula above.
However, using the game's own writing when referring to a Bonus or Penalty, see the quote below from the Greater Malison spell:
==Mod content ==
The Spell Revisions mod makes use of all varieties of saving throws to a much different extent than the unmodified game. As stated in the main article above, the game has a distinct tendency to favor the Save vs. Spell as the primary save requirement, even for effects and causes that clearly should be for a different saving throw category. With the SR mod there are a better distribution of all saving throw varieties, such as Wands, Polymorph and especially Breath Weapon saves.
==Sources & references==
*Special thanks to kjeron, for the amazing knowledge and detailed explanation
==See also==
*THAC0
*Armor Class
Category:Game mechanics