Flag of Iceland

The flag of Iceland () was officially described in Law No. 34, set out on 17 June 1944, the day Iceland became a republic. The law is entitled "The Law of the National Flag of Icelanders and the State Arms" and describes the Icelandic flag as follows:
The civil national flag of Icelanders is blue as the sky with a snow-white cross, and a fiery-red cross inside the white cross. The arms of the cross extend to the edge of the flag, and their combined width is , but the red cross of the combined width of the flag. The blue areas are right angled rectangles, the rectilinear surfaces are parallel and the outer rectilinear surfaces as wide as them, but twice the length. The dimensions between the width and length are 18:25.
Iceland's first national flag was a white cross on a deep blue background. It was first shown in parade in 1897. The modern flag dates from 1915, when a red cross was inserted into the white cross of the original flag. This cross represents Christianity. It was adopted and became the national flag when Iceland gained independence from Denmark in 1918. For the Icelandic people the flag's colouring represents a vision of their country's landscape. The colours stand for 3 of the elements that make up the island. Red is the fire produced by the island's volcanoes, white recalls the ice and snow that covers Iceland, and blue is for the blueness of the mountains (commonly mistaken for representing the blue ocean).
The state flag (Tjúgufáni) differs from the civil one, that the outer rectangles are three times longer than the hoist side rectangles and split at the end, cut directly from the outer corners to its centre line. Cutting the inner edges of the outer rectangles at of outer length and of inner length of the outer rectangles. When this cut encounters the edge of the red cross it is cut vertically.
== History ==
According to a legend described in Andrew Evans' Iceland, a red cloth with a white cross fell from the heavens, ensuring Danish victory at the Battle of Valdemar in the 13th century. Denmark then used the cross on its flag throughout its territories in Scandinavia as a sign of divine right. Upon Iceland's independence, they continued to use the Christian symbol.
The civil flag of Iceland had been used as an unofficial symbol since 1913. It was officially adopted on 19 June 1915, to represent Iceland, and has been in use at sea since 1 December 1918, when Iceland became a separate Kingdom in the family of Scandinavian countries. Other symbolic meanings refer to the natural features of Iceland itself. Blue is the colour of the mountains when looked at from the coast, white represents the snow and ice covering the island for most of the year, and red the volcanoes on the island.
File:Light Blue Flag of Iceland.svg|The civil flag as it appeared between 1918 and 1944, when the blue colour was classified as "ultramarine blue". It has an aspect ratio of 18:25.
File:Hvítbláinn.svg| A former flag which never became official, known as Hvítbláinn ("the white-blue"), in use by Icelandic republicans around 1900. A very similar design has subsequently been adopted as the flag of Shetland.
== Laws regarding the flag ==
On 17 June 1944, the day Iceland became a republic, a law was issued that dealt with the national flag and the coat of arms. To date, this is the only major law to have been made about the flag and coat of arms, aside from two laws made in 1991: one that defines official flag days as well as the time of day the flag can be drawn, and another that defines the specific colours that the Icelandic flag is composed of (until then, the colouring had followed by convention; the new law set the common custom in stone).
The law describes the dimensions of both the common flag and special governmental flags used by embassies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It also goes into details of usage, such as how the flag should be attached in different situations such as on a flagpole, a house and on different kinds of ships.
According to the law, using the flag is a privilege and not a right. The owner must follow instructions on its usage and make sure that his or her flag is in mint condition regarding colouring, wear and tear. It also states that no-one shall disrespect the flag in act or word, subject to a fine or imprisonment of up to one year.
The original law stated in its seventh article that another law would be set regarding official flag days and the time of day that the flag may be flown, but such a law was not put into effect until almost 50 years later in 1991. This law states that the flag shall not be flown until 7 o'clock in the morning, that it should preferably not be flown beyond sunset but that it must not be flown beyond midnight. However, if the flag is raised at an outdoor assembly, an official gathering, funeral or a memorial the flag may be flown as long as the event lasts, though never beyond midnight.
== Official flag days ==
According to Law No. 5 of 23 January 1991, the following are nationally sanctioned flag days. On these days the flag must be raised at official buildings, and those under the supervision of officials and special representatives of the state. Any additions to the list below can be decided each year by the Prime Minister's Office. On these days, the flag must be fully drawn, except on Good Friday where it must be drawn at half-mast.
* The birthday of the President of Iceland, currently the 26th of June
* New Year's Day
* Good Friday
* Easter
* First Day of Summer
* 1 May
* Pentecost
* Sailors Day
* Icelandic National Day
* Icelandic Language Day
* 1 December, Self-governance Day
* Christmas day
== The state flag ==
The Icelandic state flag (Ríkisfáni), known as the Tjúgufáni, was first flown on 1 December 1918 from the house of ministry offices, although laws regarding its uses had not been finished. It wasn't until 12 February 1919 that such a law was enacted.
The State flag is used on governmental buildings and embassies. It is also permitted to use the flag on other buildings, if they are being used by the government in some fashion. The Tjúgufáni is the Naval Ensign of the Icelandic Coast Guard as well, and state ships and other ships put to official uses are permitted to use it.
The Customs service flag is used on buildings used by the Icelandic Customs service and Customs checkpoints, as well as ships used by the Icelandic Customs service.
The Icelandic Presidential flag is used on the dwellings of the President as well as any vehicles that are used to transport him or her.
== Colours of the flag ==
Officially, the colours of the Icelandic flag follow a law set in 1991 which states that the colours must be the following Standard Colour of Textile (Dictionnaire Internationale de la Couleur) hues:
:
Scheme 	Blue 	White	Red
SCOTDIC	693009	95 	ICELAND FLAG RED
The government of Iceland has issued colour specifications in the better known Pantone, CMYK, RGB, hex triplet and Avery systems. 
:
 Proposals
Scheme 	Blue 	White 	Red
Hex 	#02529C 	#FFFFFF 	#DC1E35
RGB 	2, 82, 156 	255, 255, 255 	220, 30, 53
Pantone	287 (approx. #02529C)	1c (approx. #FFFFFF)	199 (approx. #DC1E35)
CMYK 	100, 75, 2, 18 	0, 0, 0, 0 	0, 100, 72, 0
Avery 	520 	501 	503
==See also==
* Nordic Cross flag
* Flag
* National flag
* National emblem
* Lists of flags
* List of sovereign state flags
* Gallery of sovereign state flags
* List of flags with blue, red, white in them and flags with three colours.
== References ==
* Lög um þjóðfána Íslendinga og ríkisskjaldarmerkið. ( 1944 nr. 34 17. júní ).
: Retrieved 14 May 2004 from http://www.althingi.is/lagas/130a/1944034.html
* Forsetaúrskurður um fánadaga og fánatíma. ( 1991 nr. 5 23. janúar ).
: Retrieved 14 May 2004 from http://www.althingi.is/lagas/125b/1991005.html
* Auglýsing um liti íslenska fánans. ( 1991 nr. 6 23. janúar ).
: Retrieved 14 May 2004 from http://www.althingi.is/lagas/125b/1991006.html
* Lög um breyting á lögum nr. 34 17. júní 1944, um þjóðfána Íslendinga.
: Retrieved 14 May 2004 from http://www.althingi.is/altext/stjt/1998.067.html
== External links ==
* 
* Prime Minister's Office page about the Icelandic flag
* Prime Minister's Office: History of the Icelandic Flag
* History of The Coat of Arms (Icelandic)
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