Caeli (language)

Caeli or Caelian or Kaeli tunh IPA:/ka.e.li.tuŋ/ is a Tuisgen language spoken in Rathnir, mainly on the continent of Ummarnu and in the south of Syltör. It is an official language in the Maritime Kingdom of Caeli. Caeli is written in the Caeli script.
== History ==
=== Origins ===
The Caeli language was for many years known as Viridian, for it was spoken mainly in the nation of Viridian. After the fall of Viridian and the emergence of the Caeli nation, there was also a birth of a new identity, seperate from the Viridian people. This hath resulted in a blooming of Caeli literature as well as an identity very closely linked to the language. Despit all of this, for many years Caeli had no standard orthography and writings varied depending on the regions. After many debates it had been agreed that multiple standards would be set so to avoid discrimination within the nation as well as separatism. 
=== Three Standards - One Tongue ===
"Three Standards - One Tongue" or "Thri Sontenwathuke - Ana Tunh" is the motto of the Caeli Language Academy. Caeli has 3 official standards. The one that is used administrativaly throughout the whole nation of Caeli and outside Caeli for international relations or whenever announcing important informations within Caeli, the Central Standard Dialect (CSD) is used. It is often viewed as the state language and the language that unites the whole nation. As a result of its importance though it is often seen as the real Caeli language and would be prioritized over the other standards. Although the Caeli Language Academy has thouroughly spoken against this myth and exclaimed how all standards are treaty equally on the same level.
The second standard is mainly spoken in the south of the nation and thus is known as the Southern Standard Dialect (SSD). It is percieved as the literary from of Caeli, for most of the Caeli novels and other literary arts were written in this standard. 
Thirdly, the Northern Standard Dialect (NSD) is mainly spoken in the north of the nation. It is also known as the Himinjarl dialect or Himinjarl standard. It is viewed as the Capital city language and thus as the nobel and aristocractic language and the language of the founders of the Caeli nation. Some would argue that there is no such thing as the Himinjarl dialect, and instead it is a "completly seperate" language known as Neo-Viridian. 
=== One Nation - One Standard ===
Eventually though the government had decided to favoritise one standard, which was the Central Standard Dialect and thus it officialy became "Standard Caeli". This facilitated paperwork and made things way less confusing. Many were unhappy about this sudden change because they felt neglected but the government still protects the other standards, now just called dialects.
=== The Great Reform ===
A few years later it was decided to fuse the dialects together rather than favouring one dialect over the others. Thus the orthographical and grammatical reforms took place so to unite the nation furthermore and to abandon completely the 3 standards. The 3 standards were seen as archaic and unpractical. The reform allowed the creation of a new language that is richer and would be seen as the language of science and education. The most important reformists were Areon Ispara, Natelei Kinikt and Roven-Hestaer Nul.
They would create the very first official Caelian Dictionary and set the grammar rules in a comprehensive manner. The orthography is what changed the most, and it had changed so much to a certain extent that some call the Dictionary "Neo-Caelian Dictionary", because there were plenty of words whose orthography was very different from common speech. Roven-Hestaer Nul was the one who insisted to "polish" the language and make it's orthography more aesthetically pleasing, and that "writing should be on top of speech". Areon Ispara was the one who encouraged the use of native words over foreign words, for Caelian was heavily influenced by the Traveller's Tongue to a certain extent. Natelei Kinikt would write and specify the real meaning of words, for depending on the regions, many words were used "wrongly", or their usage did not make any sense in the context. 
== Grammar ==
=== Phonology ===
d 	Bilabial	Alveolar 	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal 	/m/ 	/n/ 	 	 	/ŋ/ 	
Stop 	/p/ 	/t/ 	 	 	/k/ 	
Fricative 	/v/ 	/s/ /z/ /θ̠/	/ʃ/ 	 	 	/h/
Approximant	 	/ɹ/ 	 	/j/ 	 	
Lateral 	 	/l/ 	 	 	 	
Trill 	 	/r/ 	 	 	 	
d 	Front	Central	Back
Close 	/i/ 	 	/u/
Close-mid	 	 	/o/
Open-mid 	/ε/ 	 	
Open 	/a/ 	 	
This is the Standard Phonology of Caelian, but the phonology also can vary depending on the region. In the North, the /h/ is often not pronounced and the sound /ŋ/ is often pronounced as /n/ instead. The /ɹ/ sound is often pronounced as /w/ instead. The /θ̠/ sound is often replaced with /s/ or /t/. In the South, the /ɹ/ sound is often dropped and if followed by a vowel, the vowel becomes long.
=== Word Order ===
S-V-O
=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns can change "forms" depending on which verb it is being conjugated with and the preposition that came before or after. For example:
Thim ar. - You are.
Muk pi iane. - I hit.
Wi pavren. - We work.
"Thu" changes to "Thim" because "Pimeien" (to be) is a Positional verb.
"Ei" changes to "Muk" because "Piianen" (to hit) is a Directional verb.
"Wi" stays "Wi" because "Pavren" (to work) is a Root verb.
 	Root 	Dir 	Pos
I 	Ei 	Muk 	Ei
You 	Thu 	Thi 	Thim
He/She/It	E/Et/I	E/In/Eten	I/I/It
We 	Wi 	Wun 	Wi
You 	Ie 	I 	I
They 	It 	Iten 	I
=== Possessives ===
Contrary to Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns do not change forms and remain the same no matter what.
Mai, Minh - My, Mine
Io - Your
Hei/Hei/Hi - His/Its/Her
Ur - Our
Ie - Your
It - Their
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives follow the same orders as English and do not change depending on the gender of the nouns.
Heth murn - Good morning
Heth nikt - Good night
=== Articles ===
There are 2 types of articles in Caelian; Definite and Indefinite.
Definite articles:
Sg 	Root	Dir 	Pos
Masc	Se 	Thon	The
Femi	Si 	That	Shir
Neut	The 	The 	She
Pl 	Lan 	Nir 	Lir
Definite articles function like "The" in the Traveller's Tongue.
Indefinite articles:
Sg 	Root 	Dir 	Pos
Masc	Ane 	Anum	Ani
Femi	Ani 	Anan	Ane
Neut	Ana 	Anum	Ane
Pl 	Anith	Shir	With
Indefinite articles function like "a" or "an" in the Traveller's Tongue.
When a noun is isolated (meaning not followed by any articles or prepositions) it never changes forms. But whenever a noun is followed by any articles or prepositions, they change forms. A suffix is added at the end of the noun depending on the gender and number of the noun (e.g. Feminine, Plural) and depending on the preposition's form (e.g. Directional).
Definite suffixes:
Sg 	Root	Dir	Pos
Masc	 	 	
Femi	 	 	
Neut	 	 	
Pl 	 	 	
Indefinite suffixes:
Sg 	Root	Dir	Pos
Masc	 	 	
Femi	 	 	
Neut	 	 	
Pl 	 	 	
Note that if the word ends in a noun, then:
-a + -a = -a
-a + -i = -e
-e + -a = -a
-e + -i = -e
-i + -a = -e
-i + -i = -i
-u + -a = -o
-u + -i = -i
-o + -a = -a
-o + -i = -u
-a + -e = - -e
-e + -e = - -e
-i + -e = - -e
-u + -e = - -u
-o + -e = - -e
=== Plurals ===
When a noun is isolated, the ending "-iz" is added. e.g.
Cat ==> Cats - Sha ==> Shez
Drink ==> Drinks - Trenh ==> Trenhiz
Note that if the word ends in a noun, then:
-a + -iz = -ez
-e + -iz = -ez
-i + -iz = -iz
-u + -iz = -iz
o + -iz = -uz
=== Conjugation ===
All verbs end in "-en", and this ending drops every time a verb is conjugated.
Present Tense: - Used whenever an action is taking place at the moment of speaking. 
Ei: -e
Thu: -i
E/Et/I: -a
Wi: -en
Ie: -i
It: -en
Past Tense: - Used to indicate an action that had happened in the past and that had been completed. 
Ei: hive -et
Thu: hov -et
E/Et/I: heiv -et
Wi: heiva -et
Ie: hoiv -et
It: heiv -et
Future Tense: - Used whenever an action will take place further in time or to express a wish.
Ei: wul -ep
Thu: wil -ep
E/Et/I: wil -ep
Wi: wulen -ep
Ie: wilth -ep
It: wulen -ep
Past Tense II: - Used when talking about something that had happened in the very distant past or that happened before another past action.
Ei: hive he- -eth
Thu: hov he- -eth
E/Et/I: heiv he- -eth
Wi: heiva he- -eth
Ie: hoiv he- -eth
It: heiv he- -eth
== Basic Phrases ==
Hello! ==> Oia!
Good morning. ==> Heth murn.
Good evening. ==> Heth evtonun.
Good night. ==> Heth nikt.
My name is _. ==> Mai nam as _.
How are you? ==> Wo ar thim?
What is your name? ==> Wet as io nam? 
I'm feeling good. ==> Muk vele heth.
I'm feeling bad. ==> Muk vele wikt.
Goodbye! ==> Heth kar!
Dictionary Link
Category:Languages
Category:Traveler's Era