Ingrian

Ingrian or Izhorian is a Finno-Ugric language that is currently recognized as the national language of Ingria, alongside Finnish and English, spoken by about 2,152,893 people in Ingria, Russia, Estonia, and Finland combined. It is closely related to Karelian and eastern dialects of Finnish, and somewhat intelligible to Estonian and even Swedish.
Ingrian has 4 groups of dialects: the Lower-Luga and Soikkola dialects, which are spoken in the Northern part of Ingria, the Kheva dialect on the Southern Ingrian Plateau, and the Oredezh or the Upper-Luga dialect which was spoken near the River Oredezh, but is now extinct.
The Ingrian language is closely related with the eastern Finnish dialects, and there have also been numerous contacts with the neighbouring Votes and Finns, who had begun to arrive from the South-East of Finland by the 17th CE. These contacts resulted in mutual influences. In North Ingria (Lower-Luga, Soikkola) the Votic language has influenced both Ingrian and Finnish (the more distant Oredezh dialect excluded) and in the surroundings of the River Khevakha there is a discernible Ingrian influence in the Votic language. Since the 1930s Ingrian has also been significantly influenced by Russian and English in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar.
==Phonology==
===a. Consonants===
 	 	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar 	Glottal
Plosive 	voiceless 	p /p/ 	t /t/ 	 	k /k/ 	
Plosive 	voiced 	b /b/ 	d /d/ 	 	g /ɡ/ 	
Affricate 	Affricate 	 	ts /t͡s/	c /t͡ʃ/	 	
Fricative 	Voiceless 	f /f/ 	s /s/ 	š /ʃ/ 	h /h/, /x/	h /h/, /x/
Fricative 	Voiced 	 	z /z/ 	ž /ʒ/ 	 	
Nasal 	Nasal 	m /m/ 	n /n/ 	 	(n /ŋ/) 	
Approximant	Approximant	v /ʋ/ 	l /l/ 	j /j/ 	 	
Rhotic 	Rhotic 	 	r /r/ 	 	 	
*The consonant ⟨h⟩ is realized as [h] when short and as [xː] when long (this distinction isn't present in the Ala-Laukaa dialect).
*The consonant ⟨n⟩ is realized as [ŋ] when followed by the phoneme /k/ or /ɡ/.
*Phonetic palatalization [ʲ] may occur among different dialects before close-front vowels /i, y/.
*The voiced plosives (/b/, /d/, /ɡ/) and fricatives (/z/, /ʒ/), as well as the postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ are not phonemic in the Soikkola dialect's native words.
The Soikkola dialect has a three-way distinction of consonant length (/t/, /tˑ/, /tː/). Both the long and halflong geminates are shown double in writing (⟨tt⟩). Other dialects only differentiate between long (/tː/) and short (/t/) consonants.
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Category:Ingria
Category:Languages
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