KuMoYa 441 series

The KuMoYa 441 series was a Japanese non-revenue electric multiple unit operated by the East Japan Railway Company and its successor companies the East Japan Railway Company and the West Japan Railway Company from 1976 to 2006.
==History==
The KuMoYa 441 series cars was designed as a dedicated shunting vehicle and a locomotive used to tow out of service trains. The seven cars produced were converted from seven 72 series cars, numbered in the 72-850 and 72-920 series; they were modified from 1976 to 1978 at Kōriyama Works. Operations began in 1976.
When the JNR was privatized and divided into seven companies, six cars came under ownership of JR East and the last under JR West. KuMoYa 441-4 was the last of the cars to retire, being retired in 2006. No KuMoYa 441 series cars have been preserved.
==Design==
The KuYa 441 series cars featured a squared-off design similar to tractor units operated by the JNR. Their bodies are newly-manufactured by Kōriyama Works for this purpose, being based on the 103-1200 series cabs but with a reinforced front structure.
==Specifications==
Construction was of steel.
==References==
Category:Electric trainsets
Category:JR Group trains
Category:Scrapped electric trainsets
Category:Switcher locomotives
Category:Kōriyama Works locomotives