List of United States Presidents

The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a 4-year term by the people through the Electoral College. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
Since the office was established in 1789, 44 men have served as president. The first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms in office (the only president to have done so) and is therefore counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; the 45th and current president is Donald Trump (since January 20, 2017). There are currently four living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was George H. W. Bush, on November 30, 2018.
The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected, may be elected more than once.
Of those who have served as the nation's president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy), and one resigned (Richard Nixon, facing impeachment). John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, and set the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with his presidency, as opposed to a caretaker president. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution put Tyler's precedent into law in 1967. It also established a mechanism by which an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill a vacancy under this provision when he selected Gerald Ford for the office following Spiro Agnew's resignation in 1973. The following year, Ford became the second to do so when he chose Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him after he acceded to the presidency. As no mechanism existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency before 1967, the office was left vacant until filled through the next ensuing presidential election and subsequent inauguration.
Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Greatly concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never affiliated with a political party.
== Presidents ==
Presidency	Presidency	President	President 	Party	Party 	Election	Vice President
1 	April 30, 1789
–
March 4, 1797	 	George Washington 	 	Unaffiliated 	1788–89 	John Adams
1 	April 30, 1789
–
March 4, 1797	 	George Washington 	 	Unaffiliated 	1792 	John Adams
2 	March 4, 1797
–
March 4, 1801	 	John Adams 	 	Federalist 	1796 	Thomas Jefferson
3 	March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1809	 	Thomas Jefferson 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1800 	Aaron Burr
3 	March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1809	 	Thomas Jefferson 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1804 	George Clinton
4 	March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817	 	James Madison 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1808 	George Clinton
4 	March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817	 	James Madison 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1808 	Vacant afterApr. 20, 1812
4 	March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817	 	James Madison 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1812 	Elbridge Gerry
4 	March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817	 	James Madison 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1812 	Vacant afterNov. 23, 1814
5 	March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825	 	James Monroe 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1816 	Daniel D. Tompkins
5 	March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825	 	James Monroe 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1820 	Daniel D. Tompkins
6 	March 4, 1825
–
March 4, 1829	 	John Quincy Adams 	 	Democratic-
Republican	1824 	John C. Calhoun
6 	March 4, 1825
–
March 4, 1829	 	John Quincy Adams 	 	National Republican	1824 	John C. Calhoun
7 	March 4, 1829
–
March 4, 1837	 	Andrew Jackson 	 	Democratic 	1828 	John C. Calhoun
7 	March 4, 1829
–
March 4, 1837	 	Andrew Jackson 	 	Democratic 	1828 	Vacant afterDec. 28, 1832
7 	March 4, 1829
–
March 4, 1837	 	Andrew Jackson 	 	Democratic 	1832 	Martin Van Buren
8 	March 4, 1837
–
March 4, 1841	 	Martin Van Buren 	 	Democratic 	1836 	Richard Mentor Johnson
9 	March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841	 	William Henry Harrison	 	Whig 	1840 	John Tyler
10 	April 4, 1841
–
March 4, 1845	 	John Tyler 	 	Whig 	1840 	Vacant throughoutpresidency
10 	April 4, 1841
–
March 4, 1845	 	John Tyler 	 	Unaffiliated 	1840 	Vacant throughoutpresidency
11 	March 4, 1845
–
March 4, 1849	 	James K. Polk 	 	Democratic 	1844 	George M. Dallas
12 	March 4, 1849
–
July 9, 1850	 	Zachary Taylor 	 	Whig 	1848 	Millard Fillmore
13 	July 9, 1850
–
March 4, 1853	 	Millard Fillmore 	 	Whig 	1848 	Vacant throughoutpresidency
14 	March 4, 1853
–
March 4, 1857	 	Franklin Pierce 	 	Democratic 	1852 	William R. King
14 	March 4, 1853
–
March 4, 1857	 	Franklin Pierce 	 	Democratic 	1852 	Vacant afterApr. 18, 1853
15 	March 4, 1857
–
March 4, 1861	 	James Buchanan 	 	Democratic 	1856 	John C. Breckinridge
16 	March 4, 1861
–
April 15, 1865	 	Abraham Lincoln 	 	Republican 	1860 	Hannibal Hamlin
16 	March 4, 1861
–
April 15, 1865	 	Abraham Lincoln 	 	National Union 	1864 	Andrew Johnson
17 	April 15, 1865
–
March 4, 1869	 	Andrew Johnson 	 	National Union 	1864 	Vacant throughoutpresidency
17 	April 15, 1865
–
March 4, 1869	 	Andrew Johnson 	 	Democratic 	1864 	Vacant throughoutpresidency
18 	March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877	 	Ulysses S. Grant 	 	Republican 	1868 	Schuyler Colfax
18 	March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877	 	Ulysses S. Grant 	 	Republican 	1872 	Henry Wilson
18 	March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877	 	Ulysses S. Grant 	 	Republican 	1872 	Vacant afterNov. 22, 1875
19 	March 4, 1877
–
March 4, 1881	 	Rutherford B. Hayes 	 	Republican 	1876 	William A. Wheeler
20 	March 4, 1881
–
September 19, 1881	 	James A. Garfield 	 	Republican 	1880 	Chester A. Arthur
21 	September 19, 1881
–
March 4, 1885	 	Chester A. Arthur 	 	Republican 	1880 	Vacant throughoutpresidency
22 	March 4, 1885
–
March 4, 1889	 	Grover Cleveland 	 	Democratic 	1884 	Thomas A. Hendricks
22 	March 4, 1885
–
March 4, 1889	 	Grover Cleveland 	 	Democratic 	1884 	Vacant afterNov. 25, 1885
23 	March 4, 1889
–
March 4, 1893	 	Benjamin Harrison 	 	Republican 	1888 	Levi P. Morton
24 	March 4, 1893
–
March 4, 1897	 	Grover Cleveland 	 	Democratic 	1892 	Adlai Stevenson I
25 	March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901	 	William McKinley 	 	Republican 	1896 	Garret Hobart
25 	March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901	 	William McKinley 	 	Republican 	1896 	Vacant afterNov. 21, 1899
25 	March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901	 	William McKinley 	 	Republican 	1900 	Theodore Roosevelt
26 	September 14, 1901
–
March 4, 1909	 	Theodore Roosevelt 	 	Republican 	1900 	Vacant throughMar. 4, 1905
26 	September 14, 1901
–
March 4, 1909	 	Theodore Roosevelt 	 	Republican 	1904 	Charles W. Fairbanks
27 	March 4, 1909
–
March 4, 1913	 	William Howard Taft 	 	Republican 	1908 	James S. Sherman
27 	March 4, 1909
–
March 4, 1913	 	William Howard Taft 	 	Republican 	1908 	Vacant afterOct. 30, 1912
28 	March 4, 1913
–
March 4, 1921	 	Woodrow Wilson 	 	Democratic 	1912 	Thomas R. Marshall
28 	March 4, 1913
–
March 4, 1921	 	Woodrow Wilson 	 	Democratic 	1916 	Thomas R. Marshall
29 	March 4, 1921
–
August 2, 1923	 	Warren G. Harding 	 	Republican 	1920 	Calvin Coolidge
30 	August 2, 1923
–
March 4, 1929	 	Calvin Coolidge 	 	Republican 	1920 	Vacant throughMar. 4, 1925
30 	August 2, 1923
–
March 4, 1929	 	Calvin Coolidge 	 	Republican 	1924 	Charles G. Dawes
31 	March 4, 1929
–
March 4, 1933	 	Herbert Hoover 	 	Republican 	1928 	Charles Curtis
32 	March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945	 	Franklin D. Roosevelt 	 	Democratic 	1932 	John Nance Garner
32 	March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945	 	Franklin D. Roosevelt 	 	Democratic 	1936 	John Nance Garner
32 	March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945	 	Franklin D. Roosevelt 	 	Democratic 	1940 	Henry A. Wallace
32 	March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945	 	Franklin D. Roosevelt 	 	Democratic 	1944 	Harry S. Truman
33 	April 12, 1945
–
January 20, 1953	 	Harry S. Truman 	 	Democratic 	1944 	Vacant throughJan. 20, 1949
33 	April 12, 1945
–
January 20, 1953	 	Harry S. Truman 	 	Democratic 	1948 	Alben W. Barkley
34 	January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961	 	Dwight D. Eisenhower 	 	Republican 	1952 	Richard Nixon
34 	January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961	 	Dwight D. Eisenhower 	 	Republican 	1956 	Richard Nixon
35 	January 20, 1961
–
November 22, 1963	 	John F. Kennedy 	 	Democratic 	1960 	Lyndon B. Johnson
36 	November 22, 1963
–
January 20, 1969	 	Lyndon B. Johnson 	 	Democratic 	1960 	Vacant throughJan. 20, 1965
36 	November 22, 1963
–
January 20, 1969	 	Lyndon B. Johnson 	 	Democratic 	1964 	Hubert Humphrey
37 	January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974	 	Richard Nixon 	 	Republican 	1968 	Spiro Agnew
37 	January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974	 	Richard Nixon 	 	Republican 	1972 	Spiro Agnew
37 	January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974	 	Richard Nixon 	 	Republican 	1972 	Vacant, Oct. 10 – Dec. 6, 1973
37 	January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974	 	Richard Nixon 	 	Republican 	1972 	Gerald Ford
38 	August 9, 1974
–
January 20, 1977	 	Gerald Ford 	 	Republican 	1972 	Vacant throughDec. 19, 1974
38 	August 9, 1974
–
January 20, 1977	 	Gerald Ford 	 	Republican 	1972 	Nelson Rockefeller
39 	January 20, 1977
–
January 20, 1981	 	Jimmy Carter 	 	Democratic 	1976 	Walter Mondale
40 	January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989	 	Ronald Reagan 	 	Republican 	1980 	George H. W. Bush
40 	January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989	 	Ronald Reagan 	 	Republican 	1984 	George H. W. Bush
41 	January 20, 1989
–
January 20, 1993	 	George H. W. Bush 	 	Republican 	1988 	Dan Quayle
42 	January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001	 	Bill Clinton 	 	Democratic 	1992 	Al Gore
42 	January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001	 	Bill Clinton 	 	Democratic 	1996 	Al Gore
43 	January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009	 	George W. Bush 	 	Republican 	2000 	Dick Cheney
43 	January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009	 	George W. Bush 	 	Republican 	2004 	Dick Cheney
44 	January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017	 	Barack Obama 	 	Democratic 	2008 	Joe Biden
44 	January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017	 	Barack Obama 	 	Democratic 	2012 	Joe Biden
45 	January 20, 2017
–
Incumbent	 	Donald Trump 	 	Republican 	2016 	Mike Pence
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
=== President-elect of the United States ===
Presidency	Presidency	President	President	Party	Party 	Election	Vice President
46 	Scheduled to begin
January 20, 2021	 	Joe Biden	 	Democratic	2020 	Kamala Harris
Category:Presidents