Методические рекомендации по практической грамматике английского языка для студентов Iкурса неязыковых вузов

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НОУ ВПО ФИЛИАЛ 

«САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СВЯЗЕЙ, ЭКОНОМИКИ И ПРАВА» 

в г. Кирове























N O U N



Методические рекомендации по практической грамматике английского языка 

для студентов I курса неязыковых вузов









































Киров 2007



Печатается по решению кафедры обще-гуманитарных и естественнонаучных дисциплин НОУ ВПО филиал «Санкт-Петербургского института внешне-экономических связей, экономики и права» в г. Кирове. 





Составители: 

Поздеева Е.К., канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры английского языка № 2 института (филиала) МГЮА в г. Кирове, 

Островский И.В., к.ф.н., ст. преподаватель кафедры обще-гуманитарных и  естественнонаучных дисциплин НОУ ВПО филиал «Санкт-Петербургского института внешнеэкономических связей, экономики и права» в г. Кирове  





Рецензент – Щербакова Т.В., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры романо-германской филологии Вятского государственного гуманитарного университета









Noun: Методические рекомендации по практической грамматике английского языка для студентов I курса неязыковых вузов / Сост. Е.К. Поздеева, И.В.Островский. – Киров, 2007. -  23 с.











Данные методические рекомендации предназначены для студентов 1 курса неязыкового вуза. 

Цель пособия - повторить и систематизировать знания по теме “Существительное”, а также развить навыки употребления данных грамматических форм. 

Весь материал излагается в 3 разделах, сопровождаемых тестовыми заданиями, цель которых - тренировка изучаемого грамматического явления и контроль сформированности навыков употребления. 

Лучшему усвоению материала способствуют таблицы, систематизирующие представленный материал







I.  T H E   N U M B E R 

ЧИСЛО



Most of the English nouns have two numbers: the singular and the plural.

Большинство английских существительные имеет два числа: единственное и множественное.





   T H E   P L U A R A L 

 МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ ЧИСЛО



1. Spelling rules.

    Правописание.

    Read the following words and remember how the plural is formed.

    Прочитайте следующие слова и вспомните, как образуется   

    множественное число существительных.



a.

a girl - girls

a friend - friends 

a flower - flowers



b. 

a bus - buses

a bush - bushes

a box - boxes

a match - matches



c.

a lady - ladies

a pony - ponies

a lily - lilies

but:

a day - days

a key - keys

a play - plays



d.

tomato - tomatoes

potato - potatoes

hero - heroes

but:

radio – radios

Zoo – Zoos

tattoo – tattoos

but: 

photo - photos

piano - pianos

zero - zeros



e. 

life - lives

thief - thieves

wife - wives

but:

chief - chiefs

belief - beliefs

roof - roofs

safe - safes



2. Remember the nouns!

    Запомните существительные!



a man

a woman

a child

a foot

a tooth

a goose

a mouse

an ox

men

women

children

feet

teeth

geese

mice

oxen



3. Identical forms for the plural and for the singular.

    Одинаковые формы единственного и множественного числа. 



a sheep

a deer

a swine

a fish

a trout

a salmon

a species

a series

a craft

a means

a dozen

a hundred

a thousand

a million

per cent

sheep

deer

swine

fish

trout

salmon

species

series

craft

means

dozen

hundred

thousand

million

per cent

овца

олень

свинья

рыба

форель

лосось

разновидность

серия

судно

средство

дюжина

сотня

тысяча

миллион

процент

But:

hundreds of people

thousands of quesions

millions of stars



4. Latin and Greek suffixes.

    Латинские и греческие суффиксы.



-a

 -ae

formula

formulae

-um

-a

datum

memorandum

data

memoranda

-ix/-ex

-ex/ices

appendix

index

appendices/appendixes

indices/indexes

-is

-es

crisis

basis

analysis

thesis

hypothesis

crises

bases

analyses

theses

hypotheses

-on

-a

phenomenon

criterion

phenomena

criteria

-us

 -i

stimulus

nucleus

stimuli

nuclei



5. The plural of compound nouns.

    Множественное число у составных существительных.



a.

In compounds we put the head noun in the plural.

В составных существительных в форму множественного числа ставится ключевое слово.



a lady-bird    -    lady-birds

a story-teller -    story-tellers

a house-wife -    house-wives

a postman    -    postmen

a Frenchwoman - Frenchwomen

editor- in-chief  -  editors-in-chief

brother-in-law   -  brothers-in-law

looker-on           -  lookers-on

b. 

But: if there is no noun-stem, we add ‘-s’ to the end of the word.

Но: если нет ключевого слова, окончание ‘-s’ добавляется к последнему слову. 

merry-go-round   -   merry-go-rounds

forget-me-not      -   forget-me-nots



c. 

If a compound contains such words as ‘man’, ‘woman’ or ‘lord’ at the beginning we must put both stems into plural.

Если составное существительное содержит такие слова как ‘man’,  ‘woman’ или ‘lord’, то обе части ставятся в форму множественного число. 

a man-servant  -  men-servants

a woman-doctor  -  women-doctors

a lord-justice  -  lords-justices



6. Nouns which are used only in the plural.

   Существительные, которые употребляются только во множественном числе. 

trousers

jeans

spectacles

glasses

scissors

scales

tongs

брюки

джинсы

очки

очки

ножницы

весы

щипцы







as in Russian

как и в русском языке

politics

contents

arms

customs

belongings

политика

содержание

оружие

таможня

имущество



in Russian only singular

в русском только ед.ч. 

wages

clothes

savings

riches

goods

stairs

the Browns

the United States

potatoes

onions

carrrots

oats

зарплата

одежда

сбережение

богатство

товар

лестница

семья Браунов

Соединенные Штаты

картофель

лук

морковь

овес





in Russian both singular and plural

в русском и в ед.ч., и во множ.ч. 

But:

one pototo - одна картофелина

one onion -  одна луковица

one carrot - одна морковка



7. Nouns which are used only in the plural and their homonyms.

   Существительные, которые употребляются только во множественном числе, и их омонимы (слова, сходные по произношению и написанию, но отличные по смыслу).



customs - таможня

glasses - очки

studies - учеба

pictures - кино

authorities - власти, начальство

manners - обычаи, нравы

damages - убытки

a custom(s) - обычай

a glass(es) - очки

a study(ies) - кабинет

a picture(s) - картина

authority(ies)  - полномочие, право

a manner(s) - манера

a damage(s) - случаи вреда





8. Nouns which are only in the singular in English and in Russian.

Существительные, которые и в английском, и в русском языке имеют только форму единственного числа. 



mathematics

physics

phonetics

математика

физика

фонетика





9. Nouns used in the singular in English but are the plural in Russian.

Существительные, которые в английском языке употребляются только в единственном числе, а в русском - только во множественном. 



applause

chess

draughts

money

ink

cream

hair

sledge

intelligence

knowledge

information

аплодисменты

шахматы

шашки

деньги

чернила

сливки

волосы

санки

сведения

знания

сведения



9. Nouns used in the singular in English but can be both in the singular and in the plural in Russian.

Существительные, которые в английском языке употребляются только в единственном числе, а в русском - и в единственном, и во множественном. 



advice

evidence

fruit

research

news

progress

совет

доказательство, улика

фрукт

исследование

новость

успех



10. Nouns used in the singular and in the plural in English but only in the plural in Russian.

Существительные, которые в английском языке употребляются и в единственном, и во множественном числе, а в русском - только во множественном. 



gate(s)

clock(s)

watch(es)

ворота

часы

часы (наручные)





11. Nouns which are singular in form but plural in meaning.

Существительные, имеющие форму единственного числа, но по значению - множественное. 

  

police

militia

people

clergy - духовенство



Eg.: 

The police are controlling the order at the meeting.



12. The nouns the singular form of which can be used as the singular and the plural.

Существительные, форма единственного числа у которых может иметь значение и единственного, и множественного числа. 



family 

team 

gang

crew

group

committee

company



Eg.:

The family is large. 

(The family is taken as a single unit. Семья рассматривается как единое целое. )

The family are sitting at table. 

(The members are taken separately. Семья состоит из отдельных членов.)

 

13. The nouns with two plural forms.

Существительные, имеющие две формы множественного числа. 



a penny - пенс

pence - по отношению к количеству денег (Eg.: two pence)

pennies - по отношению к монетам (Eg.: Several pennies fell on the floor.)







T E S T S 

ON NUMBER



1. Choose the correct plural form of the following nouns.

Выберите правильную форму множественного числа.







a

b

c

1

money

moneys

-

monies

2

a mouse

mouses

mice

mise

3

a watch

watches

watch

watchs

4

an address

-

addresses

address

5

a tomato

tomatoes

tomatos

tomates

6

a radio

radios

radioes

-

7

a story

storys

storeys

stories

8

a fly

flys

flyes

flies

9

a bus

busses

buses

bussess

10

a dish

dishes

dishs

dish

11

a belief

believes

beliefs

belief

12

a man-servant

man-servants

men-servant

men-servants

13

a penny

pennies

pennys

pence

14

a sledge

sledge

sledges

-

15

a sheep

-

sheep

sheeps

16

a mouth

mouths

mice

mouthes

17

a deer

deer

deers

-

18

a foot

foots

footes

feet

19

advice

advice

advices

-

20

a trout

trouts

-

trout

21

hair

hairs

hair

-

22

a commander-in-chief

commanders-in-chief

commander-in-chiefs

commanders-in-chiefs

23

vacation

vacations

-

vacation

24

a fisherman

fisherman

fishersman

fishermen

25

a boy-messenger

boys-messenger

boy-messengers

boys-messengers

26

a crisis

crisis

-

crises

27

a merry-go-round

merries-go-round

merries-go-rounds

merry-go-rounds

28

evidence

evidence

evidences

-

29

a month

monthes

months

month

30

a passer-by

passer-bys

passers-byes

passers-by

31

a looker-on

lookers-on

looker-ons

lookers-ons

32

a woman-doctor

women-doctor

woman-doctors

women-doctors

33

an index

indexs

indeces

indices

34

a dozen

dozen

dozens

-

35

a stimulus

stimuluses

stimulus

stimuli

36

fireman

firemen

firemans

firesmen

37

a lord-justice

lords-justices

lord-justices

lords-justice

38

scissors

scissorses

scissors

-

39

fish

fish

fishes

-

40

a ship

ships

ship

-

41

tongs

tongs

tonges

-

42

a valley

valleys

vallies

valleis

43

knowledge

knowledges

knowledge

-

44

toothbrush

teethbrush

toothbrushes

teethbrushes

45

jeans

jeans

-

jeanses

46

an umbrella

umbrellas

umbrellaes

umbrellae

47

a formula

formulas

formulaes

formulae

48

a clock

clocks

clock

-

49

a million

millions

million

-

50

news

news

-

newses







2. Choose the appropriate form of the word.

Выберите соответствующую форму слова.

1. What ___ the news?

a) is;   b) are



2. The contents ___ been changed.

a) has not;   b) have not;   c) doesn’t have



3. We’d like three ____ pencils. 

a) dozen;   b) dozens;   c) dozen of



4. His hair ___ dark.

a) is;   b) are



5. Money ___ not everything.

a) are;   b) is



6. These shoes cost three ___ dollars.

a) hundreds;    b) hundred



7. Mathematics ___ an exact science.

a) is;   b) are



8. In summer we eat much ___.

a) fruit;    b) fruits



9. The witness gave enough ____ at the trial.

a) evidence;    b) evidences



10. We caught a few___

a) fishes;   b) fish



11. Schoolchildren have four ____ every year.

a) vacation:   b) vacations



12. Our team ___ the best.

a) is;   b) are



13. Our team ___ playing well.

a) is;   b) are



14. There are ___ people in the street.

a) hundred;   b) hundreds;   c) hundreds of



15. The United States ____ a long history.

a) have;   b) has



16. Where ____ my glasses?

a) are;   b) is



17. ____ very useful for your health.

a) Carrots are;    b) Carrot is



18. _____ very cheap.

a) Potatoes are;   b) Potato is



19. His _____ high.

a) wages are;    b) wage is



20. The gate ___ open.

a) is;   b) are



21. He gave me some useful ___.

a) advice;   b) advices.



22. There ____ a lot of chalk on the table.

a) is;   b) are



23. The ___ of this country ____ happy.

a) people ... is;   b) people ... are;    c) peoples ... are



24. The storm brought a lot of ____.

a) damages;   b) damage



25. The trousers ___ new.

a) is;   b) are



26. I feel that the jury ___ thought that you are innocent.

a) have;   b) has



27. The government _____able to pursue the policy which had been promised before the elections.

a) was not;   b) were not



28. The police ___ investigating the case now.

a) is;   b) are



29. The crew of the plane ____ of four people.

a) consist;   b) consists



30. The government usually ____ of the prime minister and several ministers.

a) consist;   b) consists



31. The average American family ___ three children.

a) has;   b) have



32. The family ____ gone to bed.

a) has;   b) have



33. Her clothes ___ fashionable.

a) is;   b) are



34. That species of spiders ___ commonly seen in North America.

a) is;   b) are



35. I think her hair ____ dyed.

a) is;   b) are



36. The phenomena ___ unusual.

a) is;   b) are



37. The traffic ___ very heavy in this street.

a) is;   b) are



38. When the traffic-lights ___ red, don’t cross the street.

a) is;   b) are



39. The grapes ___ ripe.

a) is;   b) are



40. Athletics ___ an important part of the Olympic games.

a) is;   b) are















II.  T H E   C A S E 

ПАДЕЖ





English nouns denoting human beings have two cases: the common case and the Genitive case.

Английские одушевленные существительные имеют два падежа: общий и притяжательный.



T H E   G E N E T I V E

ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПАДЕЖ



1. Read the following examples and remember how the Genitive is formed.

Прочитайте следующие примеры и вспомните, как образуется притяжательный падеж. 



a.

a boy’s tie

Mary’s book

hotel-keeper’s armchair

house-wife’s coat



b.

an actress’s career

a waitress’ job



c. 

children’s toys

men’s hats

sheep’s wool



d. 

girls’ dresses

students’ parties

but:

mothers-in-law’s words

editors-in-chief’s studies



e. 

Charles’s jeans

Doris’s car

St. James’s Park



but:

the Browns’ house



f.

John and Jack’s room





2. To show the possession with things we can use ‘of’.

Чтобы показать принадлежность неодушевленному предмету, используется предлог ‘of’. 



the leg of the table

the top of the box



3. Fixed phrases.

Устойчивые выражения.



the earth’s surface - поверхность земли

journey’s end -окончание путешествия

for Heaven’s sake / for God’s sake - ради бога

at one’s wit’s end - в тупике

at a stone’s throw - рукой подать 

a hair’s breadth - на волоске



4. Time phrases.

Фразы, обозначающие период времени.



an hour’s journey                    two hours’ journey

a day’s work                            two days’ work

a month’s salary                      two months’ salary



5. With nouns expressing space and weight, with the names of countries, cities, ships and with the nouns ‘world, country, city, ship’. 

С существительными, обозначающими пространство и время, с названиями стран, городов, кораблей, а также с существительными ‘world, country, city, ship’. 



the river’s mouth

Moscow’s museums

world’s theatres

our country’s industry

the ship’s crew



6. With organizations.

С названиями организаций.



the government decision

the company’s success





T E S T S

ON CASE



1. Choose the correct word-combination.

Выберите правильное словосочетание.





a

b

c

1

your parents’ house

your parents’s house

your parents house

2

a kitchen table

a kitchen’s table

a table of a kitchen

3

Liz’s bag

the bag of Liz

Liz’ bag

4

the Bonds’ car

the Bonds’s car

the car of the Bonds

5

a bird’s nest

a nest of a bird

a birds’ nest

6

transport of Kirov

Kirov transport

Kirov’s transport

7

Charles’ address

Charles’s address

address of Charles

8

a dining-room’s table

a table of a dining-room

a dining-room table

9

Museum of Pushkin

Pushkin’s Museum

The Pushkin Museum

10

a journey of a year

a year’s journey

a year journey

11

resources of the earth

the earth’s resources

the earth resources

12

Bob and Ann’s car

Bob’s and Ann’s car

the car of Bob and Ann

13

the rays of the sun

the sun rays

the sun’s rays

14

Dickens’ novels

Dickens’s novels

the novels of Dickens

15

the portarait of the King

King’s portrait

the King portrait

16

the house of my sister-in-law

my sister-in-law’s house

my sister’s-in-law house

17

todays newspapers

today’s newspapers

newspapers of today

18

the town’s walls

the town walls

the walls of the town

18

tennis shoes

tennis’s shoes

shoes of tennis

20

our brothers-in-law’s car

our brothers’-in-law cars

the car of our brothers-in-law

21

the book’s cover

the book cover

the cover of the book

22

a street’s lamp

a street lamp

a lamp of the street

23

the men hats

the men’s hats

the hats of the men

24

the ship crew

the crew of the ship

the ship’s crew

25

children’s toys

children’ toys

childrens’ toys







2. Choose the correct variant.

Выберите правильный вариант.  



1. The only thing she wanted was to see ____.

a) her parents’ house;  b) her parents’s house;  c) the house of her parents



2. No one could explain _____ at ______.

a) the girl behaviour;  b) the girl’s behaviour;  c) the behaviour of the girl

a) yesterday’s supper;  b) yesterday’ supper;  c) yesterday supper



3. ____ was disappointing. Our team lost.

a) Last Sundays’ match;  b) Last Sunday match; c) Last Sunday’s match



4. The boy was looking through the ____.

a) children’s books;  b) children books;  c) books of children



5. After ____ we resumed our work.

a) an hour’s break;  b) an hour break;  c) an hour’ break



6. At that time he lives in _____.

a) his father-in-law’s flat;  b) his father’s-in-law flat;  c) his father-in-law’ flat



7. I don’t like ____.

a) cows’ milk;  b) cows milk;  c) the milk of the cows



8. He was puzzled by ____.

a) Ann and Peter’s visit;  b) Ann’s and Peter’s visit



9. When Friday came he was ____.

a) at his wit’s ends;  b) at his wit ends;  c) at his wit’ end



10. This is _____.

a) John’s coat;  b) the coat of John;  c) John coat





T E S TS 

ON NUMBER AND CASE



I.



1. His advice ___ always reasonable. I advise you to follow ____.

a) are, them                      c) is, it

b) are, it                            d) is, them



2. The applause _____ deafening. I can’t stand ___ any longer. Let’s go out.

a) are, them                     c) is, them

b) is, it                             d) are, it



3. The second witness’s evidence _____ more convincing. ____ made me believe that the suspect is innocent.

a) are, it                            c) are, they

b) is, it                              d) is, they



4. Look, her clothes ___ brand new. Where did she get the money to buy ____?

a) is, it                                   c) are, them

b) are, it                                 d) is, them



5. The Browns who lived in _____ house ____ having dinner with the Harrisons who ____ their best friends.

a) a three-storey, were, were

b) three storeys, were, were

c) a three storey’s, were, were

d) three storeys’, was, were



6. The information he gave us ____ convincing. I don’t think we should check ____.

a) is, it                           c) are, them

b) is, them                     d) are, it



7. Her pyjamas ___ made of silk. I like _____ very much.

a) is, it                       c) are, it

b) is, them                 d) are, them



8. These scissors _____ dull! I can’t cut anything with ____.

a) are, them                   c) is it

b) is, them                     d) are, it



9. When I move to London, I’ll have to find lodgings. I’m afraid ____ will be very expensive and I’ll have to pay for ____ half of my salary.

a) it, it                        c) they, it

b) they, them              d) it, them



10. I think billiards _____ a dull game. I wonder why the youth nowadays ___ so fond of ____?

a) are, is, it                   c) are, are, them

b) is, are, it                  d) is, are, them



11. He is so depressed. The contents of the letter _____ made public. General public _____ discussing _____.

a) have been, is, them          c) have been, are, them

b) has been, are, it               d) has been, it, is



12. Look! Goods _____ displayed in the window. The manager says that there will be ____ sale.

a) are, two days’                 c) are, a two-days

b) is, two-day’s                   d) is, a two-day



13. Our family _____ good at playing draughts. Draughts ____ our favourite game. We play ____ every weekend.

a) is, is, it                                   c) are, are, them

b) are, is, it                                d) is, are, it



14. Stop! The traffic ____ heavy and the traffic lights ____ red. In ___ time you will cross the street.

a) is, is, two-minutes                  c) are, are, a two-minutes’

b) are, are, a two-minute           d) is, are, two-minutes’



15. He spent ____ holiday at the ____.

a) a week, Richardsons’               c) a weeks, Richardsons

b) week’s, Richardson                  d) week, Richardson’s



16. She was going for ___ walk across the field to the ___ house. She was sure that he would help her because it was the duty of ___ to help poor people like her.

a) a ten-miles, governor’s-general, governor-generals

b) a ten-mile’s, governor-general’s, governors-general

c) a ten-mile, governor-general’s, governor-generals

d) ten-miles’, governor-generals’, governors-general. 



17. She wished she had a little garden with ___ and ____, like that of ___.

a) lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-nots, Mrs. Sand

b) lily-of the-valleys, forget-me-nots, Mrs. Sand’s

c) lilies-of-the-valley, forget-me-nots, Mrs. Sand’s

d) lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-not, Mrs. Sand



18. Take your _____ and get out with ____! You got my ____ notice, didn’t you?

a) belonging, it, two weeks

b) belongings, it, a two weeks

c) belongings, them, two weeks’

d) belonging, them, two week’s



19. We want to equip our factory with___ and to install ___ in the assembly shop. 

a) new machineries, them

b) a new machinery, it

c) new machineries, it

d) new machinery, it



20. Have you got all the ___ of Byron in your home library? - Yes, I have, but I haven’t read all of ___.

a) works, them                   c) works, it

b) work, it                          d) work, them





II. 



1. When he was going through a narrow passage between two ___ , he heard ___. These were his neighbours, two ___ girls.

a) merrys-go-round, laugh, twenty-years old

b) merry-go-rounds, a laugh, twenty-year old

c) merry-goes-round, laughter, twenty-years old

d) merry-goes-round, a laughter, twenty-year-old



2. He pulled off his gloves and put ___ on the dressing-table. She noticed that ____ new. So was his hat.

a) it, it was

b) it, they were

c) them, it was, 

d) them, they were



3. He conducted a lot of ___ , but ___ a failure.

a) researches, they were

b) research, it was

c) researches, it was

d) research, they were



4. The money ___ been spent on the construction of the Children’s Care Centre. Road works ___ being held there to build a new ___ crossing.

a) has, are, pedestrian’s

b) has, are, pedestrian

c) has, is, pedestrians

d) has, is, pedestrians’



5. The criteria ___ too vague. If there were a sharper ___ to make our choice, I would be happy.

a) is, criterion                                    c) is, criteria

b) are, criterion                                 d) are, criteria



6. Here ___ the pocket money my uncle has sent me today. ___ will be enough to settle all my debts.

a) are, it                                               c) is, it

b) is, they                                            d) are, they



7. The latest news from the Middle East countries ____ disturbing. A close-up camera showed a man running somewhere. His face was bruised and his clothes ___ torn.

a) was, was                              c) was, were

b) were, were                          d) were, was



8. The premises ___ big enough but the inspection took them a lot of ___, and they had to drive home at ___.

a) was, time, dusks

b) were, times, a dusk

c) was, times, dusk

d) were, time, dusk



9. The price for ____ has increased by ten ___ in the last quarter. Lodgings ___ very expensive nowadays.

a) an accomodation, per cent, is

b) accomodation, per cent, are

c) accommodations, per cents, is

d) accomodation, per cents, are



10. This ___ the most effective means of production and ___ can be adjusted to your business in ___ time.

a) is, it, two month’s

b) are, they, a two-months

c) is, they, two-month

d) is, it, two months’



11. Reliable ___ about everyday clothing from the past ___ hard to obtain.

a) evidences, are                         c) evidences, is

b) evidence, is                             d) evidence, are



12. ___ depths are usually much greater than ____ depths because of ___ low density.

a) snow, rain, snow

b) snow’s, rain’s, snow’s

c) snow, rain, snow’s

d) snow’s, rain’s, snow



13. The ___ was shaky and he decided to go to the second-hand ___ store.

a) leg’s table, furniture’s

b) leg of the table, furniture

c) table leg, furniture’s

d) leg’s table, furniture



14. One hundred pounds ___ a large sum for her and she decided to put her money on her ___ account.

a) was, savings          c) were, savings

b) was, saving’s         d) were, saving’s



15. This is ___ cloakroom, and that one is for ___.

a) ladies’, gentlemen’s

b) lady’s, gentlemen’s

c) ladies’, gentlemen

d) lady, gentlemen



16. The ___ history goes back to 1808.

a) state’s newspaper’s

b) state’s newspaper

b) state newspaper’s

c) state newspapers’



17. At its height in the early 1900s, the British Empire included over 20 ___ of the ___ land area and more than 400 ___ people.

a) percents, world, million

b) percent, world’s, millions

c) percent, world’s, million

c) percents, world’s, million



18. The official ___ is a table containing the holy days, ___, and festivals of the church.

a) Christian Church calendar, saints’ days

b) Christian’s Church calendar, saints days

c) Christian Church’s calendar, saints’ days

d) Christian’s Church’s calendar, saints’ days



19. The ____ at the ___ talks made a deep influence on everybody.

a) Minister of Foreign Trade’s speech, peace’s

b) Minister’s of Foreign Trade’ speech, peace

c) Minister of Foreign Trade’s speech, peaceful

d) Minister of Foreign Trade’s speech, peace



20. The producer presented his new ___ film. The show took ___ time.

a) two-series, three hour’s

b) two-seria, three hours

c) two-series, three hours’

d) two-series’, three hour’s