Фазовая автоподстройка частоты

\1cw 3.15

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\U9MATH

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\pPL  128

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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#hbc&1&  Cnhernehyst  c[tvs  AFGX&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

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zdkztncz  afpjdsq  ltntrnjh  (cv&  hbc& \  1)& \  Htuekbhe.ott  

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\-                      \32\9p\3S\!u

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\-                \3dt             dt        2\9p\3S\!u  \3dt

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afp  \9v\!u \#= \9v \#+ \9v\!c \#+ \9v\!g0 \#(\37\#)^ \  ult \  \9v\!g0 \ \#- \ \ afpf \ \  cbuyfkf 

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\-           \3dt      dt

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gj'njve \ \  ghb \ \  vfks[ \ \  bpvtytybz[ \ \ \  xfcnjns^ \ \ \  rjulf  

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\-                \3dt

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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#Hbc& 2&  Afpjdsq  gjhnhtn  cbcntvs  AFGX\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

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ckexft^  rjulf  rhbdfz \  \3d\9v\#/\3dt \  \#gthtctrftn \  jcm \  f,cwbcc&  

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cbcntvf \ \  AFGX \ \  cgjcj,yf \ \  dsgjkyznm \ \  cdjb \ \  aeyrwbb^  

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jghtltkztncz  gjkjcjq \  elth;fybz \  \)D\9w\!el\#& \  Ghb \  ljcnfnjxyj  

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cbkmyjv  cbuyfkt  yf \  d[jlt \  cbcntvs^ \  gjkjcf \  elth;fybz  

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jghtltkztncz \ \ \  vfrcbvfkmysv \ \ \ pyfxtybtv \ \ \  htuekbhe.otuj  

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yfghz;tybz^ \  f \  cktljdfntkmyj^ \  vfrcbvfkmysv \ \  pyfxtybtv  

\-

\+

\+

\3U\!al\#^  rjnjhjt  cjjndtncndetn  pyfxtybzv  eukf  \,

\-

\+

\+

\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \9v \ \#= \ \33\#/2\9p \ - \#2\9p\3n  \#^  ult  \3n \#= 0^ \31\#^ &&& &\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

\-

\+

\+

      D  'njv  ckexft  gjkjcf  elth;fybz  hfdyf\,

\-

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\+

\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9w\!yfx \9= \#2\9p\3K\!afgx\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\311\#)\,

\-

\-

\-

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      Ghjwtcc  dnzubdfybz  d  ht;bv  elth;fybz  jghtltkztncz  

\-

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gjkjcjq \  dnzubdfybz^ \  rjnjhfz \  ghb \  jncencndbb \  abkmnhf  

\-

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hfdyf  gjkjct  elth;fybz&  Ghb  yfkbxbb  abkmnhf \  \)D\9w\!D\3<\)D\9w\!el\#&  

\-

\+

\+

Gjkjce \ \  dnzubdfybz \ \  j,sxyj \ \  ds,bhf.n \ \  nfr^ \ \ \  xnj,s  

\-

\+

\+

dsgjkyzkjcm  eckjdbt  \,

\-

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\+

\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9w\!d\3>\#2\)D\9w\!yfx\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\31\#2)

\-

\-

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Lkz \ \ \  edtkbxtybz \ \ \  gjkjcs \ \ \ \  dnzubdfybz \ \ \ \  ghbvtyz.n  

\-

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\+

rjhhtrnbhe.obt  abkmnhs&\,

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\,

\-\/


\+

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      Rfr  ,skj \  crfpfyj \  hfytt^ \  cbcntvf \  AFGX \  dyjcbn  

\-

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jib,re  htuekbhjdfybz  gj  afpt\,

\-

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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)D\9v\!ecn \#= \9v\!ecn \#- \33\#/2\9p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\#(\31\#3)\,

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      Ghb \ \  ljcnb;tybb \ \  yfxfkmyjq \ \  hfccnhjqrb \ \  uhfybw  

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j,kfcnb \  dnzubdfybz^ \  gjkexftncz \  vfrcbvfkmyjt \  pyfxtybt  

\-

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jib,rb  \)D\9v\!ecn vf[ \#= \9+ p\#/2\,

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\,

\-

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\+

      \12.3.  \#Ecnjqxbdjcnm  cbcntvs  AFGX&\,

\-

\+

\+

      Ecnjqxbdjcnm \  AFGX \  ljcnbuftncz \ \  ghb \ \  dsgjkytybb  

\-

\+

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ythfdtycndf  \3K\!afgx \3< \#0& \  Lkz \  dsgjkytybz \  'njuj \  eckjdbz  

\-

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\+

pyfrb \  rhenbpys \  cnfnbxtcrb[ \  [fhfrnthbcnbr \  AL \  b \  EE  

\-

\+

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ljk;ys  ,snm  ghjnbdjgjkj;ysvb& \  {fhfrnthyjq \  jcj,tyyjcnm.  

\-

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cbcntvs \  AFGX \  zdkztncz \  nj^ \  xnj \  erfpfyyjt \ \  eckjdbt  

\-

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dsgjkybvj  ytpfdbcbvj \  jn \  bc[jlyjuj \  cjcnjzybbz \  pyfrjd  

\-

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rhenbpys& \  "nj \  j,eckjdktyj \  gthbjlbxyjcnm. \  cnfnbxtcrjq  

\-

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[fhfrnthbcnbrb  AL \  b \  tt \  cbvvtnhbxyjcnm. \  jnyjcbntkmyj  

\-

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jcb  jhlbyfn&\,

\-

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      Jlyfrj  tckb \  d \  cbcntvt \  cjlth;fncz \  eprjgjkjcyst  

\-

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abkmnhs^ \  dyjczobt \  pyfxbntkmyjt \  pfgfplsdfybt \  cbuyfkf^  

\-

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cbcntvf \ \  AFGX \ \ \  vj;tn \ \ \  ,snm \ \ \  ytecnjqxbdjq& \ \ \  Ghb  

\-

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bcgjkmpjdfybb  jlyjpdtyyjuj  \3RC \#- \ abkmnhf^ \  cbcntvf \  AFGX  

\-

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dctulf  ecnjqxbdf^  yj  ghjwtcc  ecnfyjdktybz  vj;tn  yjcbnm  

\-

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rjkt,fntkmysq  [fhfrnth  ghb  ,jkmijv  pyfxtybb \  gjcnjzyyjq  

\-

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\+

dhtvtyb  abkmnhf&\,

\-

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\,

\-\/


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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \13.  \#Rjv,bybhjdfyyfz  cbcntvf  AFGX - XFGX&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

\-

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\,

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      Hfytt  ,skj  gjrfpfyj^  xnj  cbcntvs \  AFGX \  j,kflf.n  

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eprjq \  gjkjcjq \  dnzubdfybz^ \  pfdbczoe. \  jn \ \  gjcnjzyyjq  

\-

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dhtvtyb  abkmnhf&  D  nj  ;t \  dhtvz \  XFGX \  kbityf \  'njuj  

\-

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ytljcnfnrf^  yj \  jyf \  dyjcbn \  jcnfnjxye. \  jib,re \  htue-\A

\-

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\+

kbhjdfybz  gj  xfcnjnt&\,

\-

\+

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      Tckb  nht,etncz  ,scnhjltqcndbt \  cbcntvs^ \  f \  nfr;t  

\-

\+

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ghb  pyfxbntkmys[  rjkt,fybz[ \  xfcnjns \  d[jlyjuj \  cbuyfkf  

\-

\+

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lkz  evtymitybz  afpjdjq  jib,rb  ghbvtyz.n  rjv,bybhjdfyyst  

\-

\+

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c[tvs \  AFGX \ - \ XFGX& \  Ckt;tybt \  pf \  xfcnjnjq \  d[jlyjuj  

\-

\+

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cbuyfkf \  jceotcndkztncz \  cbcntvjq \  AFGX& \  Tt \  gfhfvtnhs  

\-

\+

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db,bhf.ncz  nfrbv  j,hfpjv^  xnj,s \  vfrcbvfkmyj \  evtymibnm  

\-

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jib,rb  ckt;tybz&  Eprfz \  ievjdfz \  gjkjcf \  cbcntvs \  AFGX  

\-

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gjpdjkztn  gjkexbnm  ,jkmijt \  jnyjitybt \  cbuyfk/iev& \  Lkz  

\-

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j,ktuxtybz  gjbcrf \  cbuyfkf^ \  f \  nfr;t \  lkz \  edtkbxtybz  

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yflt;yjcnb  ckt;tybz  bcgjkmpetncz  ,jktt \  uhe,fz \  cbcntvf  

\-

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XFGX^  rjnjhfz \  bvttn \  ibhjre. \  gjkjce \  dnzubdfybz^ \  yj  

\-

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jnckt;bdftn  cbuyfk  c  ytrjnjhjq  jib,rjq  gj  xfcnjnt&\,

\-

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      Tckb \  vfrcbvfkmyfz \  jib,rf \  cbcntvs \  XFGX \  vtymit  

\-

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gjkjcs  elth;fybz  AFGX^  nj  gjckt  njuj^  rfr  jyf  ddtltn  

\-

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cbcntve  d  ht;bv  cby[hjybpfwbb^  xfcnjnye.  fdnjgjlcnhjqre  

\-

\+

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vj;yj \  jnrk.xbnm& \  Ghb \  ds[jlt \  xfcnjns \ \  bp \ \  j,kfcnb  

\-

\+

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elth;fybz  cyjdf  drk.xftncz  XFGX&\,

\-

\+

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      Ghbvth  aeyrwbjyfkmyjq  c[tvs  AFGX \ - \ XFGX \  gjrfpfy  

\-

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\+

yf  hbc& \33\#&\,

\-\/


\+

\+

      D  'njq \  c[tvt \  cbcntvs \  AFGX \  b \  XFGX \  drk.xtys  

\-

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gfhfkktkmyj&  Eghfdkz.ott  yfghz;tybt  gjcnegftn  c \  ds[jlf  

\-

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cevvfnjhf^  yf  rjnjhsq  xthtp  abkmnhs  gjlfys \  yfghz;tybz  

\-

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c  afpjdjuj  b  xfcnjnyjuj  ltntrnjhjd&\,

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\+\*[----------------------------------------------------------]

\+

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\+                                   p

\+                                   p\3U\!gj

\+                                   \*<

\+                                u-----o      u-----o

\+                                p     p  \3U\!al \*p     p

\+                            u-L-o \#A L \*u--L---o  \#A\!1 \*p

\+                            p

\+                            p   m-----.      m--i--.

\+                            p                   p

\+                            p                   <

\+                            p                   p

\+       u-----o     u-----o  p                u-----o

\+   \3U\!c  \*p     p     p     p  p                p  \0s  \*p

\+  [---Lo \#C V \*u--L--o \#EGX \*u--o                p     u----o

\+                            p                   \0t       \*p

\+       m--i--.     m-----.  p                m--i--.    p

\+          p                 p                   p       p

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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ p\ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \3U\!xl\ \*p\ \ \ \ \ p\ \ \ \ p\,

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\-       p  \#U  \*u--J--o \#E E \*u--J---o \#E C \*u--------J--------]

\-

\-       m-----.     m-----.      m-----.

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\-[----------------------------------------------------------]

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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \#Hbc& \33\#&  Aeyrwbjyfkmyfz  c[tvf  AFGX - XFGX&\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \"K B N T H F N E H F\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

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      \2[1]\"&  \#Cghfdjxybr   gj   ext,yjve    ghjtrnbhjdfyb.  \,

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            ghbtvyj - ecbkbntkmys[   ecnhjqcnd& 2t  bpl&\,

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            gjl  htl& V& R& <tkrbyf  \3"\#Dbof  irjkf\3"  \#1988\,

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      \2[2]\"&  \#Fdnjvfnbxtcrfz   htuekbhjdrf   ecbktybz    b\,

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            fdnjvfnbxtcrfz  gjlcnhjqrf  xfcnjns  utnthj-\,

\-

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            lbyf&  Ext,yjt  gjcj,bt  gj  rehce   \3"\#ecbkb-\,

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            ntkmyst  b  ghbtvyst  ecnhjqcndf\3"\#& VFB^ 1977\,

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\^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \"C J L T H : F Y B T\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \^\,

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      \21\"&  \$J,obt  cdtltybz  j,  FGX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\21\,

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      2\$&  Cbcntvf  afpjdjq  fdnjgjlcnhjqrb  xfcnjns&&\22\,

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          2\$&\21\$&  Cnhernehyfz  c[tvf  b  ghbywbg  \,

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                ltqcndbz  AFGX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\22\,

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          2\$&\22\$&  Gjkjcf  elth;fybz  b  gjkjcf  dnz-\,

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                ubdfybz  cbcntvs  AFGX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\27\,

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          2\$&\23\$&  Ecnjqxbdjcnm  cbcntvs  AFGX&&&&&&&&&&\28\,

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      3\$&  Rjv,bybhjdfyyfz  cbcntvf  AFGX - XFGX&&&&&&\29\,

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      \$Kbnthfnehf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&\211\,

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\=

_