Query: current ripple‘s influence on EMI filter

Candidate papers:

abstract: With new semiconductor technologies of outstanding performance each day more accessible, higher power density converters are being developed and introduced in the market, taking advantage of the potential increase on switching frequency offered by such devices without efficiency decrease. Attempting a further inductor size decrease, its value can be reduced, consequently increasing the current ripple up to trade off between size and magnetic losses. However, the operation with higher switching frequency yields unusual EMI issues, as the higher magnitude harmonics (1st, 2nd, etc) of the generated noise to be attenuated are located close to or within the frequency range limited by current EMC standards. The current ripple also influences the harmonic content, increasing the noise amplitude. Therefore, based on a grid connected full bridge inverter, this paper presents an analysis towards the influences of the current ripple and switching frequency on the overall losses, minimization possibility and EMI filter design.
author_names: Andressa C Schittler

Thiemo Kleeb

Mehmet Kazanbas

Samuel Vasconcelos Araujo

Peter Zacharias
title: Considerations on the influence of the current ripple and switching frequency towards the differential mode EMI filter
year: 2016

abstract: Interleaved Power Factor Correction (PFC) has become a most popular topology from efficiency and power density point of view over single switch boost PFC. The dependency of the Differential Model (DM) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) noise magnitude on input current ripple leads to investigate the influence of the interleaved technique on EMI noise. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive investigation for the design of DM EMI filter a single phase interleaved PFC targeting to minimize component size. It is shown how different operation modes (continuous and discontinuous conduction mode) and switching frequency may influence the required filter attenuation and, consequently, the EMI filter size. Furthermore, the impact of the number of interleaved stages and optimal phase shifting on the required filter attenuation is analyzed. Finally, the influence of optimal phase shifting achieve an overall minimum EMI filter corner frequency is discussed. Experimental results from a 2 kW interleaved single phase boost PFC converter validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal phase shifting method.
author_names: Naser Nourani Esfetanaj

Yamen Saad

Omar Ahmed Sakaria

Huai Wang

Pooya Davari
title: Differential Model EMI Filter Analysis for Interleaved Boost PFC Converters Considering Optimal Phase Shifting
venue: 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe)
year: 2020

abstract: A low source current ripple fourth order buck converter (LSCRBUC) is proposed in this paper. Like buck converter with input filter, it has four L C elements but structurally different from it. Use of input L C filter is essential in the conventional buck converters to meet the ripple specifications but it is at the cost stability issues. To minimize the stability issues in these topologies an additional damping network is necessary. The proposed converter is free from damping network and ensures tradeoff ripples with minimum stability issues related to input filter. The stability issues are analyzed through the combination of participation factors and eigenvalue approach. Also, the influence various states associated to the L C parameters on the dominant modes/instability issues are brought out. Case studies are presented for the low source current ripple buck converter and compared with the conventional fourth order buck converter. Analytical findings are validated with stability indicating analytical and measurement results.
author_names: Mummadi Veerachary
title: Design and Stability Analysis of Low Source Current Ripple Buck Converters
venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES)
year: 2020

abstract: In battery fed pulse width modulated inverters, a high battery current ripple can cause electromagnetic interference problems or increased losses. A proper battery, cable and input filter design requires an accurate prediction of the battery current ripple. Hence, this paper proposes a fast simulation model for predicting this current ripple in battery fed pulse width modulated inverters. Based on this simulation model, an extensive parameter study is performed investigating the influence of different parameters on the battery current ripple. This study is presented in a normalized form. Thus, the results can be easily applied to any battery fed pulse width modulated inverter.
author_names: Panagiotis Mantzanas

Daniel Kuebrich

Thomas Duerbaum
title: A Fast and Accurate Calculation Method for Predicting the Battery Current Ripple in Battery fed PWM Inverter Systems
venue: 2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)
year: 2020

abstract: Improvement of surge immunity due to transformer isolation in an active EMI filter (AEF) is investigated. The surge influence on active circuit parts is analyzed by experiments. Maximum peak voltage and pulse duration of the surge transient voltages transferred to active circuit parts of a current sense current compensation (CSCC) AEF are measured in the cases with direct capacitive coupling and transformer isolated coupling, respectively. The surge immunity of the designed transformer isolated CSCC AEF is validated under numerous 4kV surge tests and VNA measurement.
author_names: Sangyeong Jeong

Jingook Kim
title: Improvement of Surge Immunity by Using Transformer isolation in an Active EMI Filter
venue: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Signal Power Integrity (EMC+SIPI)
year: 2019

abstract: This paper gives an analysis of mutual inductive couplings of the CM EMI filter in motor drive. First, the high frequency model of L C EMI filter is proposed, then, equivalent decoupling circuits are established based on the method of transferring controlled voltage source. It is concluded by calculation that some mutual inductive couplings have an effect on the transfer gain of EMI filter in the whole frequency spectrum of EMI current. While some mutual inductive couplings influence the transfer gain only at high frequency range. Finally, in order to drop the EMI current below the standard, the combination of an optimized EMI filter and an advanced method are adopted.
author_names: Zhihao Fang

Dong Jiang

Zaidong Hu
title: Analysis and Suppression of Mutual Inductive Couplings of the CM EMI Filter in Motor Drive
venue: 2019 10th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2019 ECCE Asia)
year: 2019

abstract: Wide range of parameters selection and multiple iterations are still needed in most of the existing design procedures of LCL filter. Moreover, the current ripple cannot be accurately decided, and the damping resistance, which can affect the current ripple, control stability and filter losses, is hard to be optimized. To solve these problems, this paper presents more accurate calculations of maximum peak to peak current ripple on both sides of the filter under different power levels, wire connections and modulation strategies. The damping resistance is designed in a new manner to achieve an optimized damping ratio. Finally, grid side inductance is calculated more accurately by considering the influence of damping resistance and the changing rate of current attenuation. The primary goal is to provide a more accurate, general and efficient design for LCL filter with little iterations, and to ensure that the current ripples can be accurately estimated and be set as new design target.
author_names: Weiyu Tang

Yubo Song

Ran Cheng

Ke Ma
title: Current Ripple Oriented Design of LCL Filter for Three Phase Voltage Source Converter with Different Wire Connections and Modulations
venue: 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
year: 2018

abstract: An accurate iron loss estimation is necessary before manufacturing the filter inductors of the three phase grid connected converters. Besides the loss characteristics of the magnetic core, obtaining an accurate current flowing through the inductor is also very important in the iron loss estimation. In three phase grid connected converters, there are two current ripple periods with different magnitudes in one switching period, both of which can generate the iron loss in the converter. In this paper, a dual current ripple envelopes (DCRE) method is proposed to accurately outline the two current ripples in each switching period. A novel iron loss estimation method is further presented based on the DCRE and the existing iron loss characteristics. Adopting the DCRE method, the influence of pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes, voltage levels, and the amplitude of output current, can be easily evaluated, which provides a satisfactory guidance to the design of the inductor. The effectiveness of the proposed DCRE and iron loss estimation method is verified by the numerical simulation and the experimental test on a three phase grid connected converter.
author_names: Rende Zhao

Xianqiang Jiang

Hailiang Xu

Qingzeng Yan

Yansong Wang
title: An Iron Loss Estimation Method Based on Dual Current Ripple Envelopes for Three Phase Two Level Grid Connected Converters
venue: IEEE Access
year: 2019

abstract: Satellite DC/DC power converters are required to have EMI compatibility as well as high reliability. Since the EMI noise level of the DC/DC converter should be satisfied within the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirement, it is essential to have a large EMI filter in front of it. For fundamentally addressing this problem, the zero ripple reduction technique has been studied to significantly reduce the ripple on the converter input current, which is the major source of the EMI noise. The active clamp forward with a continuous input current waveform (CACF) converter, which is applied the zero ripple technique on the primary side of the converter, shows greatly reduced input current ripple. In this paper, it is compared that the EMI noise measurement for the CACF converter and the conventional active clamp forward (ACF) converter to confirm the improved EMI noise performance of the CACF converter.
author_names: Nayoung Lee

Tae-Yoon Kim

Ju-Young Lee

Sang-Kyoo Han

Tae-Jin Chung

Jae-dong Choi
title: Improved EMI noise performance by the reduced input ripple of the Satellite converter
venue: 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC)
year: 2019

abstract: The influence of a filter inductor on the steady state performance of a parallel type resonant converter is elaborated and analyzed in this paper. By steady state operation analysis, it is shown that the ripple current of the filter inductor results in an inaccurate prediction of fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) and such problem would become serious when the filter inductance is small. In order to portray such feature, an improved fundamental harmonic approximation (IFHA) is proposed. Unlike an FHA equivalent circuit, an equivalent inductor is added to the ac resistance parallelly in an IFHA equivalent circuit. Due to that, the equivalent inductor branch takes account of the ripple current of the filter inductor, and the IFHA is expected to own higher accuracy and can be used in a parameter design procedure. In this paper, the equivalent inductor expressions of full bridge rectifier and current doubler rectifier are derived as examples. In order to verify the theoretical analysis, a 500 W LCC resonant converter is built as a prototype. The close loop experiment results show that small filter inductance would lead to the failure of output voltage regulation and hard switching operation of power switches. And open loop experiment results show the IFHA gives more accurate predictions than those of FHA.
author_names: Yiming Chen

Jianping Xu

Jin Sha

Leiming Lin

Jing Cao
title: An Improved Fundamental Harmonic Approximation to Describe Filter Inductor Influence on Steady State Performance of Parallel Type Resonant Converter
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2019