Query: An Improved PFC Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Electric Vehicle Charger

Candidate papers:

abstract: An improved charger for electric vehicle with bridgeless PFC (Power Factor Correction) SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductor) converter topology is designed and discussed in this paper, which cascades a flyback converter to control the charging. The main disadvantage of PFC SEPIC converter is the high current stress across the output capacitor as a diode is present at the output. Therefore, these converters are restricted to the low power applications. The proposed converter overcomes the above limitation as the gain of proposed converter is doubled which results into reduced stress across the output capacitors. The voltage stress across the semiconductor device is considerably reduced for the same output voltage level due to high converter gain and lower duty cycle required for proposed converter as compared to conventional converter. The flyback converter controls the charging in constant current (CC) and constant voltage charging (CV) modes. Both the converters are designed to operate in discontinuous mode (DCM) which eliminates the need for input current sensor and inherent zero current switching for the converters is achieved. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the effectiveness of charger to conform the PQ regulations such as IEC 61000 3 2, at steady state and at wide varying source rms voltages.
author_names: Radha Kushwaha

Bhim Singh
title: An Improved PFC Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Electric Vehicle Charger
venue: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020)
year: 2020

abstract: In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers, is presented. Performance comparison between the conventional PFC boost rectifier and a representative member of the bridgeless PFC boost rectifier family is performed. Loss analysis and experimental efficiency evaluation for both CCM and DCM/CCM boundary operations are provided.
author_names: Laszlo Huber

Yungtaek Jang

Milan M Jovanovic
title: Performance Evaluation of Bridgeless PFC Boost Rectifiers
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2008

abstract: The goal of this paper is to study the possibility of minimizing common mode (CM) noise emission in bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) converters. Two approaches are proposed. In the first approach, the bridgeless PFC is modified to achieve symmetry. A CM noise model for symmetric topology is derived and the conditions for symmetry are summarized. Parasitics critical to the symmetrical condition are studied and carefully controlled. As a result, CM noise can be minimized with good cancellation. The second approach is to introduce a balance technique to bridgeless PFC converters. The topology is modified so that the balance technique can be applied so as to minimize CM noise. Experimental results validate that both approaches can greatly reduce CM noise up to 30 dBmuV. The two approaches are compared in terms of both its effects on CM noise and their implementations.
author_names: Pengju Kong

Shuo Wang

Fred C Lee
title: Common Mode EMI Noise Suppression for Bridgeless PFC Converters
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2008

abstract: Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology provides an effective solution for achieving higher fuel economy, better performance, and lower emissions, compared with conventional vehicles. Plug in HEVs (PHEVs) are HEVs with plug in capabilities and provide a more all electric range; hence, PHEVs improve fuel economy and reduce emissions even more. PHEVs have a battery pack of high energy density and can run solely on electric power for a given range. The battery pack can be recharged by a neighborhood outlet. In this paper, a novel integrated bidirectional AC/DC charger and DC/DC converter (henceforth, the integrated converter) for PHEVs and hybrid/plug in hybrid conversions is proposed. The integrated converter is able to function as an AC/DC battery charger and to transfer electrical energy between the battery pack and the high voltage bus of the electric traction system. It is shown that the integrated converter has a reduced number of high current inductors and current transducers and has provided fault current tolerance in PHEV conversion.
author_names: Young-Joo Lee

Alireza Khaligh

Ali Emadi
title: Advanced Integrated Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
year: 2009

abstract: Solid state switch mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power factor correction (PFC) reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains and precisely regulated dc output in buck, boost, buck boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched mode ac dc converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.
author_names: Bhim Singh

Brij N Singh

Ambrish Chandra

Kamal Al-Haddad

Ashish Pandey

Dwarkadas Pralhaddas Kothari
title: A review of single phase improved power quality AC DC converters
venue: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
year: 2003

abstract: In this paper, a new front end ac dc bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size, PHEV charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. In addition, a detailed analytical model for this topology is presented, enabling the calculation of the converter power losses and efficiency. Experimental and simulation results are included for a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage (85 265 V) to 400 V dc output at up to 3.4 kW load. The experimental results demonstrate a power factor greater than 0.99 from 750 W to 3.4 kW, THD less than 5% from half load to full load and a peak efficiency of 98.9% at 70 kHz switching frequency, 265 V input and 1.2 kW load.
author_names: Fariborz Musavi

Wilson Eberle

William G Dunford
title: A High Performance Single Phase Bridgeless Interleaved PFC Converter for Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
year: 2011

abstract: This article presents an improved power quality Cuk converter fed isolated LLC resonant converter for an electric vehicle battery charger (EVBC) intended typically to charge a small two or three wheel driven electric vehicle (EV) using up to 20 Ah battery. The proposed topology consists of two converters, comprising of the first stage for power factor correction (PFC) and the second stage for effective charging of the EV battery using a constant voltage and constant current mode control algorithm. In the first stage, the Cuk converter performs PFC by operating in the continuous conduction mode of the primary inductor, while the LLC resonant converter converts the dc link voltage to the isolated dc voltage required for the EVBC. The proposed converter uses a frequency control algorithm to actively vary the intermediate dc link voltage based on the state of charge of the battery leading to reduced turn off losses in the LLC converter switching devices. The proposed converter is designed and simulated in MATLAB. Simulated results are analyzed and discussed in detail. Finally, a 580 W 10 A experimental prototype of the EVBC is developed, and test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology. The proposed converter exhibits excellent power quality indices adhering to the IEC 61000 3 2 international standard.
author_names: Rahul Pandey

Bhim Singh
title: A Power Factor Corrected LLC Resonant Converter for Electric Vehicle Charger Using Cuk Converter
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
year: 2019

abstract: This paper presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck boost converter fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive as a cost effective solution for low power applications. An approach of speed control of the BLDC motor by controlling the dc link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is used with a single voltage sensor. This facilitates the operation of VSI at fundamental frequency switching by using the electronic commutation of the BLDC motor which offers reduced switching losses. A BL configuration of the buck boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the conduction losses associated with it. A PFC BL buck boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. The performance of the proposed drive is evaluated over a wide range of speed control and varying supply voltages (universal ac mains at 90 265 V) with improved power quality at ac mains. The obtained power quality indices are within the acceptable limits of international power quality standards such as the IEC 61000 3 2. The performance of the proposed drive is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the obtained results are validated experimentally on a developed prototype of the drive.
author_names: Vashist Bist

Bhim Singh
title: An Adjustable Speed PFC Bridgeless Buck Boost Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
year: 2014

abstract: Batteries of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential not only to provide energy for the locomotion of these vehicles, but also to interact, in dynamic way, with the power grid. Thereby, through the energy stored in the batteries, these vehicles can be used to regulate the active and the reactive power, as local Energy Storage Systems. This way, EVs can contribute to help the power grid to regulate the active and reactive power flow in order to stabilize the production and consumption of energy. For this propose should be defined usage profiles, controlled by a collaborative broker, taking into account the requirements of the power grid and the conveniences of the vehicle user. Besides, the interface between the power grid and the EVs, instead of using typical power converters that only work on unidirectional mode, need to use bidirectional power converters to charge the batteries (G2V Grid to Vehicle mode) and to deliver part of the stored energy in the batteries back to the power grid (V2G Vehicle to Grid mode) With the bidirectional power converter topology presented in this paper, the consumed current is sinusoidal and it is possible to regulate the power factor to control the reactive power, aiming to contribute to mitigate power quality problems in the power grid. To assess the behavior of the presented bidirectional power converter under different scenarios, are presented some computer simulations and experimental results obtained with a prototype that was developed to be integrated in an Electric Vehicle.
author_names: Vitor Monteiro

Jose Gabriel Pinto

Bruno Exposto

Henrique Goncalves

Joao C Ferreira

Carlos Couto

Joao Luiz Afonso
title: Assessment of a battery charger for Electric Vehicles with reactive power control
venue: IECON 2012 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
year: 2012

abstract: A new modulated carrier control (MCC) method is proposed in this paper for a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter, which provides high power factor (PF) and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in wide input voltage and load range. The proposed MCC method employs a zero current duration (ZCD) demodulator that detects ZCD in each switching cycle to estimate current conduction duration of the boost inductor. Using the estimated signal of the ZCD demodulator, the proposed controller generates a compensated duty signal with a PFC converter to properly operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM) or discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) Unlike the conventional MCC PFC converter where the line current is distorted in DCM resulting in poor PF and high THD, the proposed MCC method can provide higher PFC performance regardless of CCM and DCM while maintaining the simple control loop of conventional MCC control method that does not require inner current loop and using relatively small inductance. In this paper, the operational principle of the proposed method has been discussed. To verify the proposed method, it has been tested on a 400 W PFC boost converter.
author_names: Jintae Kim

Hang-Seok Choi

Chung-Yuen Won
title: New Modulated Carrier Controlled PFC Boost Converter
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2018