Query: Effect of annealing on tin oxide nanoparticles and vanadium- tin oxide nanocomposites prepared using sol-gel method

Candidate papers:

abstract: Tin oxide, a wide band gap semiconductor material, is having wide range of applications. Tin oxide nanoparticles and vanadium tin oxide mixed nanocomposites were synthesized by sol gel method using tin chloride and ammonium metavanadate as starting materials. Ammonia solution was added dropwise in the 0.3 M of tin chloride solution to synthesize tin oxide nanoparticles. 0.1 M (and 0.2 M) of ammonium metavanadate solution and 0.3 M tin chloride solutions were mixed together and the ammonia solution was added dropwise in the solution to prepare vanadium tin oxide mixed nanocomposites. The synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles and V SnO2 nanocomposites were annealed at 400degC and characterized by X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic, energy dispersive X ray and UV Vis spectroscopic studies. The crystallite size of the synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites was derived from X ray diffraction peaks using Debye Scherrer formula. Surface morphology of tin oxide nanoparticles and vanadium tin oxide nanocomposites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopic study.
author_names: S Priya

A Geetha

K Ramamurthi
title: Effect of annealing on tin oxide nanoparticles and vanadium tin oxide nanocomposites prepared using sol gel method
year: 2015

abstract: Abstract Nanocomposites have gained much importance in different fields, commercially and technologically, due to the possibilities in tuning the properties of nanocomposites. In the present work, vanadium oxide (V2O5)/tin oxide (SnO2) nanocomposites were synthesized using simple sol gel method. Two independent experiments were carried out to synthesis the V2O5/SnO2 nanocomposites. The V2O5/SnO2 nanocomposites were prepared from the precursors of tin chloride, ammonium metavanadate and ethanol (Experiment 1) A few ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) was added in the precursors with and V2O5/SnO2 nanocomposites were prepared (Experiment 2) using ethanol as a solvent. Effect of HCl on the modifications of structural, morphological and optical properties of the V2O5/SnO2 nanocomposites was studied. Coexistence of V2O5 and SnO2 phases was confirmed by the X ray diffraction studies. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows the stability of the as synthesized V2O5/SnO2 nanocomposites from 350 degC. The crystallinity and the surface morphology of the synthesized V2O5/SnO2 nanocomposites were improved effectively due to addition of HCl in the preparation of the precursor solution. UV DRS absorption spectra showed that the absorbance is modified and the band gap is decreased with increase in crystallite size due to the addition of HCl. The predominant Raman peaks at 140 cm 1 and 991 cm 1 confirm the presence of orthorhombic V2O5 phase. Further, the addition of HCl in the preparation of precursor solution revealed marked difference in the surface morphology of the nanocomposites.
author_names: Mohana Priya Subramaniam

Geetha Arunachalam

Ramamurthi Kandasamy
title: Studies on the structural, morphological and optical properties of HCl assisted vanadium oxide/tin oxide nanocomposites prepared by sol gel method
year: 2018

abstract: Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized employing simple sol gel method. Modification in the structural, morphological and optical properties of the as synthesized tin oxide nanoparticles due to various solution pH (6 12) and thermal annealing at 400 degC (Experiment 1) was studied. X ray diffraction results of the tin oxide nanoparticles prepared from the precursor solution pH 8 and annealed at 400 degC showed the formation of tin oxide tetragonal phase (SnO2 t) and the surface morphology of the SnO2 t nanoparticles studied by scanning electron microscope revealed the formation of spherical shaped agglomerations. Hence, the tin oxide nanoparticles prepared from the solution pH 8 were annealed at 200, 400, 600 and 800 degC in order to study the effect of annealing at various temperatures on the structural, morphological, optical and vibrational properties of tin oxide nanoparticles (Experiment 2) When the annealing temperature was increased to 600 and 800 degC, mixed phases of SnO2 t and tin oxide orthorhombic system (SnO o) were formed. Various solution pH and annealing temperatures influenced the direct band gap value. SnO2 t phase synthesized from the solution pH 8 and annealed at 400 degC showed a direct band gap of ~4.50 eV. The tin oxide samples annealed at various temperatures showed a slight shift in the fluorescence peak observed at ~327 nm. Raman studies of the samples obtained from Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 showed a slight shift in the vibrational frequency. I V studies carried out to investigate the electrical properties of the SnO2 thin film formed by simple drop casting method revealed better ohmic contact and its suitability for gas sensing applications.
author_names: Mohana Priya Subramaniam

Geetha Arunachalam

Ramamurthi Kandasamy

Pandiyarasan Veluswamy

Ikeda Hiroya
title: Effect of pH and annealing temperature on the properties of tin oxide nanoparticles prepared by sol gel method
venue: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract Sn1 xNixO2(x 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.10, 0.20) transparent semiconducting thin films have been prepared on glass substrates using a sol gel method followed by a nitrogen annealing process. X ray diffraction analysis showed that the film structures were polycrystalline with tetragonal phases similar to SnO2 structure. The crystallite sizes measured using field emission scanning electron microscope were between 2.79 and 3.98 nm. The resistivity of SnO2 at room temperature was 1.47 (O cm) however, it decreased as Ni dopant increased in the films. A low temperature resistivity analyzing depicted that a few samples has semiconductor behaviour at low temperature. Transparency of all samples measured using UV Vis spectrophotometer was more than 95% and the calculated band gaps were between 3.98 and 4.00 eV, which was due to the Ni dopant in the samples. Obtained magnetic property of samples confirmed RTFM behaviour. The sample doped with 10% Ni shows the highest saturation magnetization value i.e. 125 emucm 3.
author_names: M H Abdi

Noor Baa'yah Ibrahim
title: Microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of nickel doped tin oxide film prepared by a sol gel method followed by a nitrogen annealing process
year: 2020

abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have attracted much medical attention as antibacterial agents through their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultraviolet light. Conducting polymers can enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO NPs by expanding their absorption in the visible region. In this article, ZnO NPs were prepared and characterized using three different chemical routes; sol gel, hydrothermal, and combustion methods. The effect of calcination temperature on their properties had been investigated. ZnO NPs prepared from the combustion method at 750 oC was modified with (10% 15% and 20% polyaniline (PANI) by in situ polymerization of aniline on the dispersion of ZnO NPs to produce PANI/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) NC10, NC15, and NC20, respectively. Characterization of the synthesized NCs was carried out by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Their antibacterial efficiency toward Escherichia coli G and Staphylococcus aureus G+ and antifungal activity to Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans were evaluated. The NCs revealed medium antibacterial activity where NC15 showed the highest activity to Staphylococcus aureus (G+ and Candida albicans, however, no efficiency was detected against Aspergillus flavus (Fungus)
author_names: Samir M M Morsi

R M Mohsen

Mohamed M Selim

Hazem M El-Sherif
title: Sol gel, hydrothermal, and combustion synthetic methods of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their modification with polyaniline for antimicrobial nanocomposites application
venue: Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract The study reports the influence of polyols (1,2 ethanediol, 1,2 propanediol, 1,3 propanediol, 1,2,3 propanetriol) used in the synthesis on the structure and magnetic properties of Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4/SiO2 nanocomposites. The X ray diffraction patterns indicated the formation of poorly to highly crystalline Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4, together with several other crystalline phases (Zn2SiO4, Co2SiO4, SiO2, Co3O4, ZnO) depending on the used polyol and annealing temperature. The Fourier transformed infrared spectra confirmed the formation of metal oxide bonds in Co Zn ferrite and of SiO2 matrix. The physical density increases and the X ray density decreases with average crystallite size decrease. The transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed the spherical nanoparticles (2 47 nm) size growth with increasing distance between the hydroxyl groups and number of hydroxyl groups. The shape of the hysteresis loops suggests the dependence of the magnetic behaviour on the structural properties, and consequently, on the polyol structure and the annealing temperature. Also, the saturation magnetization (Ms, 15.8 61.0 emu/g) remanent magnetization (MR 0.41 9.5 emu/g) and coercive field (Hc 0.014 0.021 T) of Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 increase with the polyol chain length and hydroxyl group number. Both Ms and Hc increase with increasing crystallite size. The shape of the magnetization derivative curves with respect to the applied magnetic field indicates the presence of a single magnetic phase (Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4) that has ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic type behaviour, depending on the annealing temperature.
author_names: Thomas Dippong

Oana Cadar

Erika Andrea Levei

Iosif Grigore Deac
title: Microstructure, porosity and magnetic properties of Zn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4/SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by sol gel method using different polyols
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract An indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film with approximately 50 nm thickness was successfully synthesized on glass substrates by using a fully aqueous sol gel process. The sol was prepared from indium nitrate hydrate and tin fluoride as a precursor. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the sol converted into crystalline ITO at 286 degC. The optical band gap and transmittance of the thin film were observed to increase with annealing temperature and plasma treatment time. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmittance studies established that the number of oxygen vacancies in the thin film drastically increased with increasing temperature and plasma treatment. The annealing temperature and argon plasma treatment time appear to be key factors in reducing resistivity and increasing the transmittance of the thin film. A considerable decrease in the resistivity of the ITO thin film was observed after Ar plasma treatment. This eco friendly sol gel ITO thin film may find potential applications in n type ohmic electrodes for ink jet printable electronics.
author_names: Mirnmoy Misra

D K Hwang

Yoon Cheol Kim

Jae Min Myoung

Tae Il Lee
title: Eco friendly method of fabricating indium tin oxide thin films using pure aqueous sol gel
year: 2018

abstract: Binary zinc tin oxide nano composite was synthesized by a facile sol gel method using simple precursors from the solutions consisting of zinc acetate, tin(IV) chloride and ethanol. Effect of annealing temperature on optical and structural properties was investigated using X ray diffraction (XRD) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) XRD results revealed the existence of the ZnO and SnO2 phases. FESEM results showed that binary zinc tin oxide nano composites ranges from 56 to 60 nm in diameter at 400degC and 500degC annealing temperatures respectively. The optical band gap was increased from 2.72 eV to 3.11 eV with the increasing of the annealing temperature. FTIR results confirmed the presence of zinc oxide and tin oxide and the broad absorption peaks at 3426 and 1602 cm( 1) can be ascribed to the vibration of absorptive water, and the absorption peaks at 546, 1038 and 1410 cm( 1) are due to the vibration of Zn O or Sn O groups in binary zinc tin oxide.
author_names: Mohammad Hossein Habibi

Maryam Mardani
title: Effect of annealing temperature on optical properties of binary zinc tin oxide nano composite prepared by sol gel route using simple precursors: structural and optical studies by DRS, FT IR, XRD, FESEM investigations.
venue: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
year: 2015

abstract: The vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by sol gel method using vanadyl acetylacetonate as a starting precursor for vanadium source. The precursor was deposited onto cleaned glass substrate by conventional dip coating process with drawing speed of 80 mm/min. The coating process was repeated 5 times with baking process at 60degC during each coating followed by annealing process. In order to extensively study the influence of annealing temperature and ambient on crucial properties of the deposited films, the annealing process was conducted at different temperatures ranging from 200degC to 400degC under different ambient including air and nitrogen atmosphere. The crystalline structures and phases of the annealed films were observed and analyzed by mean of X ray diffraction technique meanwhile their morphological features were investigated by scanning electron microscope. The optical properties of the prepared films were measured by UV Vis NIR spectrometer. The extensive studies and results acknowledge that both temperature and atmosphere during annealing process play significant roles on pivotal properties of the films, especially optical characteristics which are highly essential for specific thermochromic applications.
author_names: Kittiya Plermjai

Wisanu Pecharapa
title: EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE AND AMBIENT ON CRUCIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOL GEL DERIVED VANADIUM OXIDE THIN FILMS
year: 2017

abstract: In the present work pure and tin (Sn) Doped Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by Sol Gel method. The effect of Sn doping on structural properties of nanoparticles were investigated using x ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Electron dispersive X ray analysis(EDAX).the XRD spectrum revealed the crystalline and crystal structure of the sample. It also shows that the diffraction peaks are broadened which reveals the narrow size distribution of cobalt oxide nanoparticles .In addition, the average grain size, lattice parameter values also calculated using XRD.SEM shows the morphology of nanoparticles .EDAX shows that the composition obtained is near stiochiometries. The properties of Sn doped Cobalt oxide nanoparticles prepared through simple cost effective, sol gel method can be used in effective gas sensing technique. Keywords Cobalt Oxide, EDAX Nanoparticles SEM, Sn Doping Sol Gel Method Structural
author_names: A S Tale

S D Thakre
title: Effect of Sn Doping on Structural Properties of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol Gel Method.
year: 2017