Query: Polymers in sensor applications.

Candidate papers:

abstract: Abstract Because their chemical and physical properties may be tailored over a wide range of characteristics, the use of polymers is finding a permanent place in sophisticated electronic measuring devices such as sensors. During the last 5 years, polymers have gained tremendous recognition in the field of artificial sensor in the goal of mimicking natural sense organs. Better selectivity and rapid measurements have been achieved by replacing classical sensor materials with polymers involving nano technology and exploiting either the intrinsic or extrinsic functions of polymers. Semiconductors, semiconducting metal oxides, solid electrolytes, ionic membranes, and organic semiconductors have been the classical materials for sensor devices. The developing role of polymers as gas sensors, pH sensors, ion selective sensors, humidity sensors, biosensor devices, etc. are reviewed and discussed in this paper. Both intrinsically conducting polymers and non conducting polymers are used in sensor devices. Polymers used in sensor devices either participate in sensing mechanisms or immobilize the component responsible for sensing the analyte. Finally, current trends in sensor research and also challenges in future sensor research are discussed.
author_names: Basudam Adhikari

Sarmishtha Majumdar
title: Polymers in sensor applications
year: 2004

abstract: Conducting (or conjugated) polymers (CPs) are widely used for fabricating chemical and biosensors. These materials enable fabrication of devices in short lead time and at relatively low costs owing to their unique advantages of light weight, easy processability, compatibility with biological systems, tunable electronic and optic properties, large area fabrication and potential for flexible or wearable sensors. This chapter describes the basic concepts underlying the interaction of analyte with CPs as well as the other components of sensors. The operating principles of transducers used in the sensor are discussed in detail. Sensors based on conducting polymers are classified in accordance with the changes in the properties of conducting polymers. These changes involve changes in (i) doping levels, (ii) optical properties and (iii) changes due to weak interactions. Furthermore, the sensors have been reviewed for various conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polydaicetylene for analysis of wide variety of analysts including toxic gases, radiation, pH, temperature, external stimuli; and recent advances in sensors based on conducting polymers have been discussed. Future directions and thrust in emerging field have been projected in the area of molecular engineering, material synthesis, film preparation and transducers, circuits and algorithms for developing futuristic sensors especially wearable sensors.
author_names: Vibha Saxena

Dinesh K Aswal
title: Conducting polymers in sensor applications
year: 2016

abstract: Previous publications have shown that polymer based materials hold a great potential for the use as substrates for sensors, for example for AMR sensors. Polymers can substitute expensive substrates such as silicon or silicon oxide, and pre structured substrates can eliminate many necessary cleanroom and micro technological processes, especially photolithography. Ultimately, process optimization can yield manufacturing processes without expensive procedures (through silicon vias) guaranteeing a complete abandonment of processes such as photolithography, CMP and the like. At this point, injection molding with laser direct structuring (LDS) polymers offers distinct advantages, such as the electroless and selective deposition of metals through the directly laser activated polymers, which can be used to implement through vias. In this context, the LDS capable polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is employed herein. The thermoplastic polymer has a high glass transition temperature and features chemical resistances to many solvents. As a result, sensors can potentially cover varying areas of application, and it is additionally possible to integrate these components in micro technological processes. The presented sensor structures were produced by micro technological processes and contacted using vias realized with the LDS method. As a result, the cost effective polymer based module or rather the substrate can be integrated directly into other processes and modules, such as a system on a chip system, without the need for costly process adaptation based on high process variability. To verify this, temperature and magnetic field sensors based on the AMR effect were prepared and evaluated. Accordingly, this article aims to show that wafer level sensors can be fabricated using a process developed at the Institute of Micro Production Technology (IMPT)
author_names: Sebastian Bengsch

Marc Christopher Wurz

Kevin Cromwell

Maximilian Aue
title: Structuring of Laser Activated Polymers for Sensor Applications
venue: 2019 IEEE 69th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
year: 2019

abstract: Polymeric sensors play an increasingly important role in monitoring the environment we live in, providing relevant information for a host of applications. Among them, significant efforts have been made to fabricate polymeric sensors useful for healthcare related application fields, such as the sensitive detection of biomolecules and cellular interfacing. Within the well established field of biomedical polymeric sensors, surface modification and/or functionalization using plasma is just emerging as a technology to improve selectivity and sensitivity in the biodetection process. Treatments based on plasma irradiation of polymer surfaces, which have been traditionally applied for cleaning, etching, activating or cross linking, are currently being used to induce the formation of electrocatalytic species able to promote the oxidation of, for example, bioanalytes and/or gas molecules harmful for human health. Here, we summarize the main advances in the utilization of plasma technologies for the fabrication of polymeric sensors for advanced biomedical applications (e.g. humidity, temperature, pH, neurotransmitter, and glucose sensors)
author_names: Carlos Aleman

Georgina Fabregat

Elaine Armelin

Jorge J Buendia

Jordi Llorca
title: Plasma surface modification of polymers for sensor applications.
venue: Journal of materials chemistry. B
year: 2018

abstract: Polymeric sensors play an increasingly important role in monitoring the environment we live in, providing relevant information for a host of applications. Among them, significant efforts have been made to fabricate polymeric sensors useful for healthcare related application fields, such as the sensitive detection of biomolecules and cellular interfacing. Within the well established field of biomedical polymeric sensors, surface modification and/or functionalization using plasma is just emerging as a technology to improve selectivity and sensitivity in the biodetection process. Treatments based on plasma irradiation of polymer surfaces, which have been traditionally applied for cleaning, etching, activating or cross linking, are currently being used to induce the formation of electrocatalytic species able to promote the oxidation of, for example, bioanalytes and/or gas molecules harmful for human health. Here, we summarize the main advances in the utilization of plasma technologies for the fabrication of polymeric sensors for advanced biomedical applications (e.g. humidity, temperature, pH, neurotransmitter, and glucose sensors)
author_names: Carlos Enrique Aleman Llanso

Georgina Fabregat Jove

Elaine Aparecida Armelin Diggroc

J J Morales

Jordi Llorca Pique
title: Plasma surface modification of polymers for sensor applications
year: 2018

abstract: Surface modification of polystyrene and polyethylene naphthalate by a KrF pulse excimer UV laser under the angles of incidence of the laser beam in the range of 0 to 60Adeg with a step of 7.5Adeg was studied in this paper. The influence of the angle of incidence on the period of the resulting surface structures and the modified refractive index of the substrates was determined with all the other parameters of the laser radiation held constant. All data was acquired on the basis of surface analysis. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the morphological changes in the laser treated samples and to determine the period of the ripple like surface structures, from which the modified refractive index was subsequently calculated. Selected samples were metallized with gold with aim to determine the influence of patterned substrate on consequently formed nanolayer. These information may be useful for consequently constructed SERS system based on ripple metal system.
author_names: Vaclav Svorcik

Oldrich Nedela

Petr Slepicka

Oleksiy Lyutakov

Nikola Slepickova Kasalkova

Zdenka Kolska
title: Construction and Properties of Ripples on Polymers for Sensor Applications
year: 2018

abstract: Thermoplastic polymers like polyolefins, polyesters, polyamide, and styrene polymers are the most representative commodity plastics thanks to their cost efficient manufacturing processes, excellent thermomechanical properties and their good environmental compatibility, including easy recycling. In the last few decades much effort has been devoted worldwide to extend the applications of such materials by conferring on them new properties through mixing and blending with different additives. In this latter context, nanocomposites have recently offered new exciting possibilities. This review discusses the successful use of nanostructured dispersed substrates in designing new stimuli responsive nanocomposites; in particular, it provides an updated description of the synthetic routes to prepare nanostructured systems having the typical properties of thermoplastic polymers (continuous matrix) but showing enhanced optical, conductive, and thermal features dependent on the dispersion topology. The controlled nanodispersion of functional labeled clays, noble metal nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes is here evidenced to play a key role in producing hybrid thermoplastic materials that have been used in the design of devices, such as NLO devices, chemiresistors, temperature and deformation sensors.
author_names: Serena Coiai

Elisa Passaglia

Andrea Pucci

Giacomo Ruggeri
title: Nanocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Polymers and Functional Nanofiller for Sensor Applications
venue: Materials
year: 2015

abstract: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) were prepared by photochemical route. Photoinduced polymerization was used to achieve the preparation of the MIP and at the same time spatially controlled irradiation allowed shaping the material to confer it an optical function useful for interrogation. Such route significantly simplifies the integration of MIP for sensor applications. Specific photopolymerizable MIP were designed for photopolymerization at different wavelengths and advanced methods of photopatterning were used including optical near field, interference or self guiding lithography. Photopatterning appears thereby as one of the most suitable methods for patterning MIP at the micro and nano scale, directly on the transducer surface.
author_names: Yannick Fuchs

Xu Ton

Karsten Haupt

Ihab Dika

Olivier Soppera

Andrew G Mayes
title: Photopolymerization and photostructuring of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensor applications
venue: 2012 IEEE Sensors
year: 2012

abstract: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) were prepared by photochemical route. Photoinduced polymerization was used to achieve the preparation of the MIP and at the same time spatially controlled irradiation allowed shaping the material to confer it an optical function useful for interrogation. Such route significantly simplifies the integration of MIP for sensor applications. Specific photopolymerizable MIP were designed for photopolymerization at different wavelengths and advanced methods of photopatterning were used including optical near field, interference or self guiding lithography. Photopatterning appears thereby as one of the most suitable methods for patterning MIP at the micro and nano scale, directly on the transducer surface.
author_names: Yannick Fuchs

Xu Ton

Karsten Haupt

Ihab Dika

Olivier Soppera

Andrew G Mayes
title: Photopolymerization and photostructuring of molecularly imprinted polymers for sensor applications
year: 2012

abstract: Molecular imprinting is the process of template induced formation of specific recognition sites in a polymer. Synthetic receptors prepared using molecular imprinting possess a unique combination of properties such as robustness, high affinity, specificity, and low cost production, which makes them attractive alternatives to natural receptors. Improvements in polymer science and nanotechnology have contributed to enhanced performance of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensors. Encouragingly, recent years have seen an increase in high quality publications describing MIP sensors for the determination of biomolecules, drugs of abuse, and explosives, driving toward applications of this technology in medical and forensic diagnostics. This review aims to provide a focused overview of the latest achievements made in MIP based sensor technology, with emphasis on research toward real life applications.
author_names: Omar Sheej Ahmad

Thomas S Bedwell

Cem Esen

Alvaro Garcia-Cruz

Sergey A Piletsky
title: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Electrochemical and Optical Sensors.
venue: Trends in biotechnology
year: 2019