Query: Environmentally friendly Green complexing agent CMP

Candidate papers:

abstract: Solution processed Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film growth parameters using complexing agent triethanolamine (TEA) have been optimized. Effects of TEA on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of CZTS thin films were systematically investigated. X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of annealed CZTS thin films confirmed a pure kesterite structure with optimized TEA concentration. Surface morphology of CZTS films were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope, which revealed a smooth surface and systematic grain growth formation with varying TEA concentrations. p Type conductivity was confirmed using Hall measurements and the effect of TEA concentration on electrical properties is investigated. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated absence of secondary phases and stoichiometric atomic ratios of multicationic quaternary CZTS thin film grown without sulphurization. UV Vis spectra revealed a direct energy band gap ranging from 1.90 to 1.40 eV, which was found to depend upon the TEA concentration. Such band gap values are optimum for semiconductor material as an absorber layer of thin film solar cells. The CZTS thin film was further used for the fabrication of a solar cell of structure SLG/FTO/ZnO/CZTS/Al. The best solar cell showed a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 10.78 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.27 V, fill factor (FF) of 37% and power conversion efficiency (e) of 1.08% under air mass 1.5 (100 mW cm 2) illumination.
author_names: J J Chaudhari

Utpal S Joshi
title: Effects of complexing agent on earth abundant environmentally friendly Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells prepared by sol gel deposition
year: 2018

abstract: Electrochemical behaviors of a silver complex in an environmentally friendly silver plating bath with 5,5 dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and nicotinic acid (NA) as complexing agents were investigated in this paper. Like the cyanide based silver electroplating bath, silver deposits with smooth and compact morphologies, as well as high purity could be obtained from the studied DMH and NA based silver electroplating bath. The electrochemical behaviors of the silver complex in this cyanide free silver electroplating were studied by cyclic voltammetry with different sweep rates to investigate the discharge process of the silver plating bath, the transfer coefficients and diffusion coefficient of the silver complex in this bath. The results of the chronoamperometry on a glass carbon electrode indicate that the nucleation processes of silver from the bath is a three dimensional progressive nucleation process, and the growth of silver nucleation and the nucleation rate of silver deposit in the DMH and NA based silver plating bath were highly dependent on the applied potential.
author_names: Anmin Liu

Xuefeng Ren

Jie Zhang

Dongqing Li

Mao-zhong An
title: Complexing agent study for environmentally friendly silver electrodeposition(II) electrochemical behavior of silver complex
year: 2016

abstract: Green synthesis of nanoparticles can be an important alternative compared to conventional physio chemical synthesis. We utilized Scadoxus multiflorus leaf powder aqueous extract as a capping and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) Further, the synthesized ZnO NPs were subjected to various characterization techniques. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed an irregular spherical shape, with an average particle size of 31 2 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnO NPs were tested against Aedes aegypti larvae and eggs, giving significant LC50 value of 34.04 ppm. Ovicidal activity resulted in a higher percentage mortality rate of 96.4 0.24 at 120 ppm with LC50 value of 32.73 ppm. Anti fungal studies were also conducted for ZnO NPs against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, which demonstrated a higher inhibition rate for Aspergillus flavus compared to Aspergillus niger.
author_names: Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi

Mariadhas Valan Arasu
title: Environmentally Friendly Green Approach for the Production of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Anti Fungal, Ovicidal, and Larvicidal Properties
venue: Nanomaterials
year: 2018

abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new environmentally friendly silver electroplating bath, employing 5,5 dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and nicotinic acid (NA) as complexing agents, based on the prediction of computational chemistry. An excellent silver electrodeposit with properties suitable for application in electronics packaging was obtained from the newly developed silver electroplating bath, and the electroplating bath is simple and stable. Moreover, the silver(I) complexes in this bath possessed good complex stability. As a consequence, mirror bright silver electrodeposits on copper substrates with excellent leveling capability, smooth and compact morphologies, high purity and conductivity, as well as excellent welding property could be realized by adopting this unique bath. Based on the performances of the plating bath and silver deposit, the introduced silver plating bath is a promising candidate for silver electrodeposition applied in microelectronics to replace the conventional cyanide silver electroplating baths.
author_names: Anmin Liu

Xuefeng Ren

Buguo Wang

Jingping Zhang

Peixia Yang

Jin-qiu Zhang

Mao-zhong An
title: Complexing agent study via computational chemistry for environmentally friendly silver electrodeposition and the application of a silver deposit
year: 2014

abstract: One dimensional semiconductor nanofibers have been regarded as one of the most promising building blocks for next generation electronic devices. Among these semiconductor nanofibers, tin oxide (SnO2) has been regarded as an attractive alternative for field effect transistors (FETs) due to its high abundance, nontoxicity and low cost. However, the electronic devices based on electrospun SnO2 nanofibers suffer from poor interfacial property and inferior performance. Here, we have proposed that the introduction of Y can be used to reduce the O vacancies in the channel layers and ethanolamine (EA) is selected as a complexing agent to enhance the interface property. It is confirmed that the SnYO nanofiber FETs based on the addition of EA exhibit better electrical performance, including a mobility of 2.70 cm2 V 1 s 1 and a threshold voltage of 2.3 V. When the high k ZrAlOx films are applied in FETs as dielectric layers, the SnYO nanofiber FETs exhibit optimized electrical performance with an acceptable mobility of 4.78 cm2 V 1 s 1, a small threshold voltage of 0.72 V and a suitable on/off current ratio of ~107. This work presents a simple and low cost EA treatment method to improve the electrical performance, which provides a new perspective for commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers.
author_names: Jingguo Li

Qi Chen

Yaohua Yang

Wenqing Zhu

Xifeng Li

Jianhua Zhang
title: Amelioration of interfacial combination and suppression of oxygen vacancies for high performance environmentally friendly electrospun SnYO nanofiber field effect transistors
year: 2020

abstract: In this work, an environmentally friendly leaching process for the recovery of indium (In) and tin (Sn) from LCD panel waste was investigated. Easily degradable citrates (C6H5O73 i.e. sodium citrate and citric acid, were used as complexing agents. The morphology and composition of the species present in the LCD powder before and after the leaching processes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) The concentrations of In, Sn, and iron (Fe) present in the leachate were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) The necessary thermodynamic conditions for achieving substantial In recovery were established by using MEDUSA software. The optimal process conditions were determined experimentally by varying the initial citrate concentration as well as by using reducing or oxidizing media, respectively hydrazine (N2H4) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) It was found that using N2H4 in a citrate solution as a reducing agent enhances the leaching efficiency. However, high concentrations of Sn and Fe with respect to In were found in the LCD powder. Therefore, a pretreatment processes to first remove the excess of Sn and Fe, which compete with In for the citrate, was implemented. Leaching with 1 M citrate, 0.2 M N2H4, at pH 5, using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at solid:liquid (S:L) ratio of 20 gL 1, yielded a remarkably high In recovery of 98.9% after 16.6 h.
author_names: Adrian Lopez-Yanez

Alejandro R Alonso

Alejandra Vengoechea-Pimienta

Jorge Ramirez-Munoz
title: Indium and tin recovery from waste LCD panels using citrate as a complexing agent.
venue: Waste management
year: 2019

abstract: While lithium sulfur batteries (Li S) hold promise as future high energy density low cost energy storage systems, barriers to implementation include low sulfur loading, limited cycle life, and the use of toxic electrolyte solvents. A comprehensive study of Li S cells in the environmentally benign di(propylene glycol) dimethyl ether (DPGDME) based electrolyte, using as prepared MoS2 nanosheets derived from a facile aqueous microwave synthesis as polysulfide trapping agents, is reported herein for the first time. Conventional coated foil electrodes and binder free electrodes (BFEs) with various structures are systematically generated and tested to correlate electrode design with the resulting electrochemical behavior. Significantly improved Li S electrochemistry is demonstrated through the synergy of MoS2 chemistry and binder free electrode engineering. In the coating configuration, the MoS2 containing cell evinced better rate performance and more stable cyclability than the cell without MoS2. In comparison.
author_names: Li-xi Wang

Alyson Abraham

Diana M Lutz

Calvin D Quilty

Esther S Takeuchi

Kenneth J Takeuchi

Amy C Marschilok
title: Toward Environmentally Friendly Lithium Sulfur Batteries: Probing the Role of Electrode Design in MoS2 Containing Li S Batteries with a Green Electrolyte
venue: ACS Sustainable Chemistry Engineering
year: 2019

abstract: The invention relates to an environmentally friendly chemical deplating agent for a nickel plating and a deplating method. The deplating agent comprises the components of 30 g/L to 100 g/L of sulfuric acid, 30 g/L to 140 g/L of oxalic acid, 10 g/L to 30 g/L of sodium citrate, 10 g/L to 60 g/L of sodium acetate, 15 g/L to 60 g/L of sodium gluconate, and the balance being water. According to the environmentally friendly chemical deplating agent, oxalic acid is added based on sulfuric acid, acidity of oxalic acid is not high, and overetching of the nickel plating can be prevented; oxalic acid can provide hydrogen ions used for corroding the plating, and the deplating purpose of the nickel plating can be achieved through only a relatively small amount of sulfuric acid; deplating speed is high, efficiency is high, a deplated stainless steel matrix is smooth in surface, overetching is avoided, and follow up reutilization and processing are not affected; and oxalate and nickel ions generate nickel oxalate sediment through complexing, nickel is directly sedimented and separated from the system, the follow up step of recycling nickel metal from deplating waste water is eliminated, nickel oxalate can be directly recycled, and utilization is convenient.
title: Environmentally friendly chemical deplating agent for nickel plating and deplating method
year: 2017

abstract: An effective and environmentally friendly recycling process designed for LiCoO2 cathode powders of spent Li ion batteries using mixture of mild organic acids, citric acid (CA) tartaric acid (TA) and ascorbic acid (AA) to recover the metals. Almost complete dissolution of Li and nearly 90% dissolution of Co occurred in at 80 degC for 6 h. The reducing agent, ascorbic acid (AA) converts the dissolved Co(III) to Co(II) thereby selective recovery of Co as Co(II) oxalate is possible. The formation of Co(III) and Co(II) complex is evident from the UV Vis spectra of the dissolved solution as a function of dissolution time. Thus, the reductive complexing dissolution mechanism is proposed here. These mild organic acids are environmentally benign unlike the mineral acids.
author_names: G P Nayaka

Yingjie Zhang

Peng Dong

Ding-Teng Wang

Karkala Vasantakumar Pai

J Manjanna

G V N Santhosh

Jianguo Duan

Zhongren Zhou

Jie Xiao
title: Effective and environmentally friendly recycling process designed for LiCoO2 cathode powders of spent Li ion batteries using mixture of mild organic acids.
venue: Waste management
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract The planarization property of slurry is a crucial factor in evaluating the quality of the copper (Cu) film chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. Various chemical additives of amino acids have been widely used in semiconductor and microelectronics industries to develop novel CMP slurries owing to their pollution free and high performance characteristics. In this paper, sarcosine was served as a crucial chemical additive in Cu film slurries. Through electrochemical measurements, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ultraviolet visible, and Raman spectra tests, it was revealed that sarcosine could react with cupric ions in a ratio of 4:1 to form a stable water soluble Cu sarcosine complex, which can accelerate the chemical dissolution of Cu surface during CMP process, and it was also found that the complexing effect was relatively weak. Moreover, various tests on Cu wafers showed that high Cu removal rate (RR) low Cu static etching rate (SER) and ideal surface quality could be realized when sarcosine was used as an auxiliary complexing agent in glycine based Cu slurries. The purpose of such a study is to find an environmentally friendly chemical additive that can improve the performance of slurry in the manufacturing process of Cu film and other materials used in integrated circuits.
author_names: Jiakai Zhou

Xinhuan Niu

Chenghui Yang

Zhaoqing Huo

Yanan Lu

Zhi Feng Wang

Yaqi Cui

Ru Wang
title: Surface action mechanism and planarization effect of sarcosine as an auxiliary complexing agent in copper film chemical mechanical polishing
year: 2020