Query: Metal Halide Perovskites for High-Energy Radiation Detection

Candidate papers:

abstract: Abstract Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as a frontrunner semiconductor technology for application in third generation photovoltaics while simultaneously making significant strides in other areas of optoelectronics. Photodetectors are one of the latest additions in an expanding list of applications of this fascinating family of materials. The extensive range of possible inorganic and hybrid perovskites coupled with their processing versatility and ability to convert external stimuli into easily measurable optical/electrical signals makes them an auspicious sensing element even for the high energy domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. Key to this is the ability of MHPs to accommodate heavy elements while being able to form large, high quality crystals and polycrystalline layers, making them one of the most promising emerging X ray and g ray detector technologies. Here, the fundamental principles of high energy radiation detection are reviewed with emphasis on recent progress in the emerging and fascinating field of metal halide perovskite based X ray and g ray detectors. The review starts with a discussion of the basic principles of high energy radiation detection with focus on key performance metrics followed by a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of perovskite based detectors. The article concludes with a discussion of the remaining challenges and future perspectives.
author_names: George Kakavelakis

Murali Gedda

A Panagiotopoulos

Emmanuel Kymakis

Thomas D Anthopoulos

Konstantinos Petridis
title: Metal Halide Perovskites for High Energy Radiation Detection
venue: Advanced science
year: 2020

abstract: Metal halide hybrid perovskites containing high atomic number (Z) elements have a large absorption cross section for high energy X rays, and emerge as excellent semiconductors for direct X ray detection. Here we report a new bismuth based perovskite derivative (DMEDA)BiI5 (DMEDA2+ CH3NH3CH2CH2NH3CH32+ with one dimensional crystal structure for X ray detection. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that (DMEDA)BiI5 can withstand thermal treatment up to 287 degC. (DMEDA)BiI5 has a direct band gap of 1.82 eV, and a comparable X ray attenuation coefficient to Cs2AgBiBr6 and MAPbI3. The fabricated photoconductive X ray detector shows a stable baseline, which indicates that (DMEDA)BiI5 has a negligible ionic migration effect. The detection sensitivity toward X ray radiation reaches 72.5 mC Gyair 1 cm 2.
author_names: Linhua Yao

Guangda Niu

Lixiao Yin

Xinyuan Du

Yongchao Lin

Xingyuan Den

Jiangwei Zhang

Jiang Tang
title: Bismuth halide perovskite derivatives for direct X ray detection
year: 2020

author_names: Yadong Xu
title: The Progress on Solution processed Metal Halide Perovskites for Nuclear Radiation Detection in NPU
venue: Proceedings of the nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019
year: 2019

author_names: Yadong Xu
title: Solution processed Metal Halide Perovskites for Nuclear Radiation Detection
venue: Proceedings of the nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019
year: 2019

author_names: Sergii Yakunin

Maksym V Kovalenko
title: Solution processed metal halide perovskites of various dimensionalities for hard radiation detection using direct conversion and scintillation
venue: Proceedings of the nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019
year: 2019

abstract: Detection and direct power conversion of high energy and high intensity ionizing radiation could be a key element in next generation nuclear reactor safety systems and space born devices. For example, the Fukushima catastrophe in 2011 could have been largely prevented if 1\ of the reactor's remnant radiation \gamma$ rays of the nuclear fission) were directly converted within the reactor to electricity to power the water cooling circuit. It is reported here that the hybrid halide perovskite methylammonium lead triiodide could perfectly play the role of a converter. Single crystals were irradiated by a typical shut down \gamma$ spectrum of a nuclear reactor with 7.61E14 Bq activity exhibit a high efficiency of \gamma$ ray to free charge carrier conversion with radiation hardening. The power density of 0.3 mW/kg of methylammonium lead triiodide at 50 Sv/h means a four times higher efficiency than that for silicon based cells. The material was stable to the limits of the experiment without changing its performance up to 100 Sv/h dose rate and 57 Sv H*(10) ambient total \gamma$ dose. Moreover, the \gamma} shielding performance of methylammonium lead triiodide was found to be superior to both ordinary and barite concrete.
author_names: Gabor Nafradi

Endre Horvath

Marton Kollar

Andras Horvath

Pavao Andri vcevi'c

Andrzej Sienkiewicz

Laszlo Forro

Balint Nafradi
title: Radiation detection and energy conversion in nuclear reactor environments by hybrid photovoltaic perovskites
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Detection and direct power conversion of high energy and high intensity ionizing radiation could be a key element in next generation nuclear reactor safety systems and space born devices. For example, the Fukushima catastrophe in 2011 could have been largely prevented if 1% of the reactor's remnant radiation (g rays of the nuclear fission) were directly converted within the reactor to electricity to power the water cooling circuit. It is reported here that the hybrid halide perovskite methylammonium lead triiodide could perfectly play the role of a converter. Single crystals were irradiated by a typical shut down g spectrum of a nuclear reactor with 7.61 x 1014 Bq activity exhibit a high efficiency of g ray to free charge carrier conversion with radiation hardening. The power density of 0.3 mW/kg of methylammonium lead triiodide at 50 Sv/h means a four times higher efficiency than that for silicon based cells. The material was stable to the limits of the experiment without changing its performance up to 100 Sv/h dose rate and 57 Sv H*(10) ambient total g dose. Moreover, the g shielding performance of methylammonium lead triiodide was found to be superior to both ordinary and barite concrete.
author_names: Gabor Nafradi

Endre Horvath

Marton Kollar

Andras Horvath

Pavao Andricevic

Andrzej Sienkiewicz

Laszlo Forro

Balint Nafradi
title: Radiation detection and energy conversion in nuclear reactor environments by hybrid photovoltaic perovskites
year: 2020

abstract: Here we report an inexpensive, solution phase growth of cm scale single crystals of variable composition Cs x FA1 x PbI3 y Br y (FA=formamidinium, x=0 0.1, y=0 0.6) which exhibit improved phase stability compared to the parent a FAPbI3 compound. High carrier mobility lifetime product of up to 1.2 x 10 1 cm2 V 1 and a low dark carrier density, combined with the high absorptivity of high energy photons by Pb and I, allow the sensitive detection of gamma radiation. With stable operation up to 30 V, these novel perovskite materials have been used in a prototype of a gamma counting dosimeter.
author_names: Olga B Nazarenko

Sergii Yakunin

Viktoriia Morad

Ihor Cherniukh

Maksym V Kovalenko
title: Single crystals of caesium formamidinium lead halide perovskites: solution growth and gamma dosimetry
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract Sensitive and reliable X ray detectors are essential for medical radiography, industrial inspection and security screening. Lowering the radiation dose allows reduced health risks and increased frequency and fidelity of diagnostic technologies for earlier detection of disease and its recurrence. Three dimensional (3D) organic inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites are promising for direct X ray detection they show improved sensitivity compared to conventional X ray detectors. However, their high and unstable dark current, caused by ion migration and high dark carrier concentration in the 3D hybrid perovskites, limits their performance and long term operation stability. Here we report ultrasensitive, stable X ray detectors made using zero dimensional (0D) methylammonium bismuth iodide perovskite (MA3Bi2I9) single crystals. The 0D crystal structure leads to a high activation energy (Ea) for ion migration (0.46 eV) and is also accompanied by a low dark carrier concentration 106 cm 3) The X ray detectors exhibit sensitivity of 10,620 uC Gyair 1 cm 2, a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.62 nGyair s 1, and stable operation even under high applied biases; no deterioration in detection performance was observed following sensing of an integrated X ray irradiation dose of ~23,800 mGyair, equivalent to 200,000 times the dose required for a single commercial X ray chest radiograph. Regulating the ion migration channels and decreasing the dark carrier concentration in perovskites provide routes for stable and ultrasensitive X ray detectors.
author_names: Xiaojia Zheng

Pingshan Wang

Hairen Tan

Makhsud I Saidaminov

Shujie Tie

Ligao Chen

Yufei Peng

Jidong Long

Wen-Hau Zhang
title: Ultrasensitive and stable X ray detection using zero dimensional lead free perovskites
year: 2020

abstract: Controlled anion mixing in halide perovskites has been shown to be an effective route to precisely tuning optoelectronic properties, in order to achieve efficient photo voltaic, light emission and radiation detection devices. However, an atomistic under standing behind the precise mechanism impacting the performances of mixed halide perovskite devices, particularly as a radiation detector, is still missing. Combining high level computational methods and multiple experiments, here we systematically investigate the effect of chlorine (Cl) incorporation on the optical and electronic prop erties, structural stability, ion migration as well as the g ray radiation detection ability of MAPbBr 3 x Cl x We observe that precise halide mixing suppresses bromide ion mi gration and consequently reduces the dark current by close to a factor of two, which significantly improves the resistance of the mixed anion devices. Furthermore, reduced carrier effective masses and mostly unchanged exciton binding energies indicate en hanced charge carrier transport for these perovskite alloys. At the atomistic level, modifications to ion migration and charge carrier transport properties improve elec tronic properties and predominantly contribute to the better response and resolution in high energy g ray detection with MAPbBr 3 x Cl x as compared to MAPbBr 3 This study provides a systematic approach to enhance the high energy radiation detection ability of MAPbBr 3 x Cl x based devices by understanding the atomistic properties un derpinning performance.
author_names: Nikita Rybin

Dibyajyoti Ghosh

Jeremy Tyler Tisdale

Shreetu Shrestha

Michael Duncan Yoho

Duc Quy Vo

Jacky Even

Claudine Katan

Wanyi Nie

Amanda J Neukirch

Sergei Tretiak
title: Effects of Chlorine Mixing on Optoelectronics, Ion Migration, and Gamma Ray Detection in Bromide Perovskites
year: 2020