Query: Two-mode surface plasmon lasing in hexagonal arrays

Candidate papers:

abstract: We demonstrate surface plasmon lasing in hexagonal metal hole arrays with a semiconductor gain medium. The device can be tuned between two laser modes, with distinct wavelengths, spatial distributions, and polarization patterns, by changing the size of the optically pumped area. One of the modes exhibits a six fold polarization pattern, while the mode observed for larger pump spots has a rotationally symmetric polarization pattern. We explain the mode tuning by the differences of in plane and radiative out of plane losses of the modes. The spatial and polarization properties of the modes are conveniently described by a sum of vectorial orbital angular momentum beams with orbital, spin, and total angular momentum j=l+s.
author_names: Vasco T Tenner

Michiel J A de Dood

M P van Exter
title: Two mode surface plasmon lasing in hexagonal arrays.
venue: Optics letters
year: 2018

abstract: Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons in particular their interaction with light can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio photonics.
author_names: William L Barnes

Alain Dereux

Thomas W Ebbesen
title: Surface plasmon subwavelength optics
venue: Nature
year: 2003

abstract: We study surface plasmons on hexagonal hole arrays in gold on actively pumped semiconductor. The observed dispersion yields the angle dependent scattering. Lasing occurs in a radially polarized donut beam and a hexagonal mode with mixed radial/azimuthal polarization.
author_names: Vasco T Tenner

Michiel J A de Dood

M P van Exter
title: Surface plasmon lasing in hexagonal hole arrays
venue: 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Europe European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe EQEC)
year: 2017

abstract: We make a step towards quantum nanoplasmonics: surface plasmon fields of a nanosystem are quantized and their stimulated emission is considered. We introduce a quantum generator for surface plasmon quanta and consider the phenomenon of surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (spaser) Spaser generates temporally coherent high intensity fields of selected surface plasmon modes that can be strongly localized on the nanoscale, including dark modes that do not couple to far zone electromagnetic fields. Applications and related phenomena are discussed.
author_names: David J Bergman

Mark I Stockman
title: Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation: quantum generation of coherent surface plasmons in nanosystems.
venue: Physical review letters
year: 2003

abstract: Since 1993, InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been improved and commercialized1,2, but these devices have not fulfilled their original promise as solid state replacements for light bulbs as their light emission efficiencies have been limited2. Here we describe a method to enhance this efficiency through the energy transfer between quantum wells (QWs) and surface plasmons (SPs) SPs can increase the density of states and the spontaneous emission rate in the semiconductor3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and lead to the enhancement of light emission by SP QW coupling10,11. Large enhancements of the internal quantum efficiencies (eint) were measured when silver or aluminium layers were deposited 10 nm above an InGaN light emitting layer, whereas no such enhancements were obtained from gold coated samples. Our results indicate that the use of SPs would lead to a new class of very bright LEDs, and highly efficient solid state light sources.
author_names: Koichi Okamoto

Isamu Niki

Alexander Shvartser

Yukio Narukawa

Takashi Mukai

Axel Scherer
title: Surface plasmon enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells
venue: Nature materials
year: 2004

abstract: Disk shaped semiconductor nanostructures provide enhanced architectures for low threshold whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing with the potential for on chip nanophotonic integration. Unlike cavities that lase via Fabry Perot modes, WGM structures utilize low loss, total internal reflection of the optical mode along the circumference of the structure, which effectively reduces the volume of gain material required for lasing. As a result, circularly resonant cavities provide much higher quality (Q) factors than lower reflection linear cavities, which makes nanodisks an ideal platform to investigate lasing nanostructures smaller than the free space wavelength of light (i.e. subwavelength laser) Here we report the bottom up synthesis and single mode lasing properties of individual ZnO disks with diameters from 280 to 900 nm and show finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of the whispering gallery mode inside subwavelength diameter disks. These results demonstrate ultraviolet WGM lasing in chemically synthesized, isolated nanostructures with subwavelength diameters.
author_names: Daniel J Gargas

Michael C Moore

Adrian Ni

Shu-Wei Chang

Zhaoyu Zhang

Shun Lien Chuang

Peidong Yang
title: Whispering gallery mode lasing from zinc oxide hexagonal nanodisks.
venue: ACS nano
year: 2010

abstract: We experimentally demonstrate extremely narrow plasmon resonances with half width of just several nanometers in regular arrays of metallic nanoparticles. These resonances are observed at Rayleigh's cutoff wavelengths for Wood anomalies and based on diffraction coupling of localized plasmons. We show experimentally that reflection from an array of nanoparticles can be completely suppressed at certain wavelengths. As a result, our metal nanostructures exhibit pi jump for the phase of the reflected light.
author_names: Vasyl G Kravets

Fred Schedin

Alexander N Grigorenko
title: Extremely narrow plasmon resonances based on diffraction coupling of localized plasmons in arrays of metallic nanoparticles.
venue: Physical review letters
year: 2008

abstract: Using electrodynamics calculations, we have discovered one dimensional array structures built from spherical silver nanoparticles that produce remarkably narrow approximately meV or less) plasmon resonance spectra upon irradiation with light that is polarized perpendicular to the array axis. The narrow lines require a minimum particle radius of about 30 nm to achieve. Variations of the plasmon resonance wavelength, extinction efficiency and width with particle size, array structure, interparticle distance and polarization direction are examined, and conditions which lead to the smallest widths are demonstrated. A simple analytical expression valid for infinite lattices shows that the sharp resonance arises from cancellation between the single particle width and the imaginary part of the radiative dipolar interaction.
author_names: Shengli Zou

Nicolas Janel

George C Schatz
title: Silver nanoparticle array structures that produce remarkably narrow plasmon lineshapes.
venue: The Journal of chemical physics
year: 2004

abstract: A laser cavity formed from a single defect in a two dimensional photonic crystal is demonstrated. The optical microcavity consists of a half wavelength thick waveguide for vertical confinement and a two dimensional photonic crystal mirror for lateral localization. A defect in the photonic crystal is introduced to trap photons inside a volume of 2.5 cubic half wavelengths, approximately 0.03 cubic micrometers. The laser is fabricated in the indium gallium arsenic phosphide material system, and optical gain is provided by strained quantum wells designed for a peak emission wavelength of 1.55 micrometers at room temperature. Pulsed lasing action has been observed at a wavelength of 1.5 micrometers from optically pumped devices with a substrate temperature of 143 kelvin.
title: Two dimensional photonic band Gap defect mode laser
venue: Science
year: 1999

abstract: An effective approach is demonstrated for growing large area, hexagonally patterned, aligned ZnO nanorods. The synthesis uses a catalyst template produced by a self assembled monolayer of submicron spheres and guided vapor liquid solid (VLS) growth on a single crystal alumina substrate. The ZnO nanorods have uniform shape and length, align vertically on the substrate, and are distributed according to the pattern defined by the catalyst template. The nanorods grow along [0001] with side surfaces defined by {2110} This approach opens the possibility of creating patterned one dimensional nanostructures for applications as sensor arrays, piezoelectric antenna arrays, optoelectronic devices, and interconnects.
author_names: Xudong Wang

C J Summers

Zhong Lin Wang
title: Large Scale Hexagonal Patterned Growth of Aligned ZnO Nanorods for Nano optoelectronics and Nanosensor Arrays.
venue: Nano letters
year: 2004