Query: Biosensor-based-on-a-MOS-capacitor-with-an-internal reference electrode

Candidate papers:

abstract: In this project a new type of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor for biosensing was investigated. With the use of a porous gold film as aninternal reference electrode, measurements of pH were p
author_names: Daniel Remes
title: Biosensor based on a MOS capacitor with an internal reference electrode
year: 2009

abstract: In this work, In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> electrolyte gated thin film transistors (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> EGTFTs) with integrated on chip gate electrode were investigated as a label free biosensor. The In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> channel works as sensitive membrane and the on chip gate electrode replaces reference electrode. The pH sensitivity of the device is 64 mV/pH with the deviation of 10 mV. The In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> channel was coated by streptavidin/neutravidin receptors to detect the target biomolecules of biotin. The streptavidin modified device presents an ultra low working voltage <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"\text{V}_{\text{G}=0$ /tex math>/inline formula> V, <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"\text{V}_{\text{DS}=50$ /tex math>/inline formula> mV) and the detection limit as low as 50 pg<inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"\cdot /tex math>/inline formula>mL<inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX" 1} /tex math>/inline formula> And the neutravidin modified device presents apparent detecting performance even in low biotin concentration of 50 fg<inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"\cdot /tex math>/inline formula>mL<inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX" 1} /tex math>/inline formula> under a working voltage of <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"\text{V}_{\text{G}=2$ /tex math>/inline formula> V and <inline formula> <tex math notation="LaTeX"\text{V}_{\text{DS}=50$ /tex math>/inline formula> mV. This work provides a high performance biosensor device with low power consumption and simple structure that is easy to integrate and package.
author_names: Peng Yang

Haofeng Rong

Zhisheng Wu

Yanli Pei
title: Biosensor Based on In2O2 Electrolyte Gated Thin Film Transistor With Integrated On Chip Gate Electrode
venue: IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience
year: 2021

abstract: This paper reports a low cost extended gate field effect transistor based nitrate sensor using a microfluidic channel based Reference Electrode (ucRE) The ucRE is integrated with a MOSFET to increase potential stability for long term measurement. The sensor also includes a readout circuit to save or remotely transmit data to a smartphone. The ucRE exhibits a 0.5 mV/hour drift rate and the sensor offers a 0.997 R Squared value to the linear fitting for potentiometric measurement of nitrate in water.
author_names: Xinran Wang

Yang Tian

Yuncong Chen

Yueyi Jiao

Md Azahar Ali

Le Wei

Liang Dong
title: Low Cost Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor Sensing System Based on A Channel Structured Reference Electrode
venue: 2019 20th International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS EUROSENSORS XXXIII)
year: 2019

abstract: A solid state reference electrode (SSRE) is similar to a traditional reference electrode in configuration but has no inner solution. Its layer by layer structure influences the stability of an SSRE because of the difference of junction potential between the surfaces. In this work, a SSRE of PVC/PVC KCl/AgCl/Ag was fabricated and studied. The results confirmed that the proportion of AgCl on the electrode surface affected the stability of reference potential. Besides, PVC membrane coated on the top of electrode controlled the entrance of different ions from the analyte solution. Finally, the optimized SSRE was applied in a electrochemical three electrode system. In sum, we have built the fabrication process of a PVC based SSRE and demonstrated its feasibility for sensor applications.
author_names: Yi-min Wu

Lin-Chi Chen
title: Fabrication of a PVC based solid state Ag/AgCl reference electrode
venue: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN)
year: 2019

abstract: A new procedure for urea determination was developed. By cross linking urease onto a polyaniline Nafion composite electrode which sensed the ammonium ion effectively, a very sensitive urea biosensor was formed. The effects of applied potential, pH of buffer solutions, flow rate of carrier, and possible interferences on the response of urea biosensor were studied. With the developed urea biosensor, a detection limit as low as 0.5 mM and a response time as short as 40 s were obtained in an flow injection analysis system. A relative standard deviation of 2.2% (n 15) was obtained for the successive analysis of a 0.03 mM standard urea solution. Applicability of the urea biosensor for urea analysis was demonstrated by the analysis of NIST standard reference material and urine samples.
author_names: Wen-June Cho

Hsuan-Jung Huang
title: An Amperometric Urea Biosensor Based on a Polyaniline Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer Composite Electrode
year: 1998

abstract: Abstract A method is described for construction of an enzyme electrode for detection of phenolic compounds based on covalent immobilization of laccase onto nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) decorated carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs)/polyaniline (PANI) composite electrodeposited onto gold (Au) electrode. The modified electrode was characterized at different stages of its construction by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) An amperometric biosensor for phenolic compounds was fabricated by connecting enzyme electrode (Lac/NiNPs/cMWCNTs/PANI/AuE) as working electrode, with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt wire as auxiliary electrode through potentiostat. The biosensor showed optimum response at pH 5.5 (0.1 M acetate buffer) and 35 degC, when operated at a scan rate of 20 mV s 1. Linear range, response time, detection limit and sensitivity of biosensor were 0.1 10 mM (lower concentration range) and 10 500 mM (higher concentration range) 8 s, 0.05 mM and 0.694 mA mM 1 cm 2 respectively. The biosensor measured total phenolic content in fruit juices. The enzyme electrode was used 200 times over a period of four months, when stored at 4 degC.
author_names: Sheetal Chawla

Rachna Rawal

Swati Sharma

Chandra Shekhar Pundir
title: An amperometric biosensor based on laccase immobilized onto nickel nanoparticles/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline modified gold electrode for determination of phenolic content in fruit juices
year: 2012

abstract: A bienzymatic choline biosensor was constructed by coimmobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO) onto nanocomposite of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c MWCNTs) and zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO(2)NPs) electrodeposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and using it (AChE ChO/c MWCNT/ZrO(2)NPs/GCE) as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, and Pt wire as auxiliary electrode connected through a potentiostat. The enzyme electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies, optimized, and evaluated. The biosensor exhibited optimum response within 4 s at +0.2V, pH 7.4, and 25 degC. The detection limit and working range of the biosensor were 0.01 mM and 0.05 to 200 mM, respectively. The half life of the enzyme electrode was 60 days at 4 degC. The serum choline level, as measured by the biosensor, was 9.0 to 12.8 mmol/L (with a mean of 10.81 mmol/L) in apparently healthy persons and 5.0 to 8.4 mmol/L (with a mean of 6.53 mmol/L) in persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The enzyme electrode was unaffected by a number of serum substances.
author_names: Shikha Pundir

Nidhi Chauhan

Jagriti Narang

Chandra Shekhar Pundir
title: Amperometric choline biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/zirconium oxide nanoparticles electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode.
venue: Analytical biochemistry
year: 2012

abstract: Laccase purified from Ganoderma sp. was immobilized covalently onto electrochemically deposited silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNT)/polyaniline (PANI) layer on the surface of gold (Au) electrode. A polyphenol biosensor was fabricated using this enzyme electrode (laccase/AgNPs/cMWCNT/PANI/Au electrode) as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and platinum (Pt) wire as the auxiliary electrode connected through a potentiostat. The biosensor showed optimal response at pH 5.5 (0.1 M acetate buffer) and 35degC when operated at a scan rate of 50 mV s( 1) Linear range, response time, and detection limit were 0.1 500 mM, 6 s, and 0.1 mM, respectively. The sensor was employed for the determination of total phenolic content in tea, alcoholic beverages, and pharmaceutical formulations. The enzyme electrode was used 200 times over a period of 4 months when stored at 4degC. The biosensor has an advantage over earlier enzyme sensors in that it has no leakage of enzyme during reuse and is unaffected by the external environment due to the protective PANI microenvironment.
author_names: Rachna Rawal

Sheetal Chawla

Chandra Shekhar Pundir
title: Polyphenol biosensor based on laccase immobilized onto silver nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline gold electrode.
venue: Analytical biochemistry
year: 2011

abstract: Abstract A novel amperometric biosensor based on a conducting polymer using multi walled carbon nanotube modified electrode was developed for detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was successfully immobilized by covalent linkage on the modified graphite electrode. Carbon nanotubes were functionalized by electrochemical treatment. A conducting polymer; poly(4 (2,5 di(thiophen 2 yl) 1 H pyrrol 1 yl)benzenamine) (poly(SNS NH 2 was synthesized via electropolymerization to examine its matrix properties for biomolecule immobilization. This strategy enhanced electron transfer rate at a lower potential +100 mV vs. Ag reference) and catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of acetylthiocholine effectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) contact angle measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were used to monitor changes in surface morphologies and electrochemical characterizations. The proposed biosensor design offered a fast response time (6 s) a wide linear range (0.05 mM and 8.00 mM) and a low detection limit (0.09 mM) with a high sensitivity (24.16 mA mM 1 cm 2 for acetylthiocholine. The inhibition responses of paraoxon, parathion and chlorfenvinphos on the enzymatic activity of AChE were detected. The fabricated biosensor was tested for the detection of pesticides in fortified tap water samples. The results were found to be in good agreement with the ones determined by HPLC/DAD technique.
author_names: Melis Kesik

Fulya Ekiz Kanik

Janset Turan

Marit Kolb

Suna Timur

Mufit Bahadir

Levent Toppare
title: An acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on a conducting polymer using multiwalled carbon nanotubes for amperometric detection of organophosphorous pesticides
year: 2014

abstract: This paper describes the development of a referenced Electrochemical Paper based Analytical Device (rEPAD) comprising a sample zone, a reference zone, and a connecting microfluidic channel that includes a central contact zone. We demonstrated that the rEPADs provide a simple system for direct and accurate voltammetric measurements that are referenced by an electrode with a constant, well defined potential. The performance of the rEPADs is comparable to commercial electrochemical cells, and the layout can be easily integrated into systems that permit multiplexed analysis and pipette free sampling. The cost of this portable device is sufficiently low that it could be for single use, disposable applications, and its method of fabrication is compatible with that used for other paper based systems.
author_names: Wen-Jie Lan

E Jane Maxwell

Claudio Parolo

David K Bwambok

Anandh Subramaniam

George M Whitesides
title: Paper based electroanalytical devices with an integrated, stable reference electrode.
venue: Lab on a chip
year: 2013