Query: Electrostatic separation for recycling conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors from electronic waste

Candidate papers:

abstract: Electrostatic separation has been widely used to separate conductors and nonconductors for recycling e waste. However, the components of e waste are complex, which can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors according to their conducting properties. In this work, we made a novel attempt to recover the mixtures containing conductors (copper) semiconductors (extrinsic silicon) and nonconductors (woven glass reinforced resin) by electrostatic separation. The results of binary mixtures separation show that the separation of conductor and nonconductor, semiconductor and nonconductor need a higher voltage level while the separation of conductor and semiconductor needs a higher roll speed. Furthermore, the semiconductor separation efficiency is more sensitive to the high voltage level and the roll speed than the conductor separation efficiency. An integrated process was proposed for the multiple mixtures separation. The separation efficiency of conductors and semiconductors can reach 82.5% and 88% respectively. This study contributes to the efficient recycling of valuable resources from e waste.
author_names: Mianqiang Xue

Guoqing Yan

Jia Li

Zhenming Xu
title: Electrostatic separation for recycling conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors from electronic waste.
venue: Environmental science technology
year: 2012

abstract: Abstract The wealth of the society depends on several metals, including base metals, precious metals and increasingly rare earth elements (REE) They are collectively termed as technology metals. Numerous applications stimulated the use of technology metals, and their supply is at stake, owing to the high demand and uneven geographical distribution of these metals. Their stable supply is crucial for the transition to a sustainable and circular economy. There is an increasing interest in secondary sources of these metals. This article outlines the global state of electronic waste, its management and the latest technological developments in metal recovery from various streams of electronic waste. An emphasis is given to printed circuit boards (PCB) hard disc drives (HDD) and displays regarding their critical metal content. Physical, pyrometallurgical and (bio)hydrometallurgical metal recovery technologies are overviewed. In addition, perspectives on electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals are given.
author_names: Arda Isildar

Eldon R Rene

Eric D van Hullebusch

Piet N L Lens
title: Electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals: Management and recovery technologies
year: 2017

abstract: E Waste describes electrical and electronic products nearing their end of life. In this technical world Usage of electrical and electronic product has been increased and its safe disposal and recycling are also very important for the society to avoid environmental pollution and to increase the economic growth of country. E waste contains both hazardous and valuable metals such as lead, Polychlorinated biphenyls, copper, nickel and gold, silver, palladium etc. Recovery of noble metal from E waste (PCB) board can be done in different ways.
author_names: N Gomathi

I Sridevi
title: Recovery of noble metal from E waste using leaching, electro deposition and electro generative process
year: 2015

abstract: Triboelectrostatic separation is a promising method used to separate non conductive minerals. However, the knowledge about the underlying triboelectrification mechanisms is still very limited. Thus, predicting the separation results and finding proper separation parameters are challenging tasks.This article presents a comprehensive summary of phenomena and factors which play a decisive role in the charging behavior of non conductors and, by implication, the efficiency of the separation process, such as water and adsorbents layers on the surface, surface roughness, humidity, type of contact, etc. The authors hope that this article opens a way for a systematic approach through basic experiments dedicated to a better understanding of triboelectrification processes.ZusammenfassungDie Elektroscheidung nach Triboaufladung stellt eine vielversprechende Methode zur Trennung nicht leitfahiger Mineralphasen dar. Das begrenzte Wissen uber die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der Triboaufladung macht die Vorhersage von uber einzustellende Prozessparameter zu erzielenden Trennergebnissen zu einer herausfordernden Aufgabe.Diese Veroffentlichung gibt einen umfassenden Uberblick uber Phanomene und Faktoren, die eine entscheidende Rolle beim Aufladeverhalten von Nichtleitern spielen oder spielen konnen und die damit Einfluss auf die Effizienz der Trennung nehmen. Solche Faktoren konnen sein: Wasser und Adsorbatschichten, Oberflachenrauigkeit, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Kontaktart, usw. Die Autoren hoffen, dass dieser Artikel Wege fur einen systematischen Ansatz durch grundlegende Experimente aufzeigt und damit zu einem besseren Verstandnis der bei der Triboaufladung wirkenden Faktoren beitragt.
author_names: Monika Mirkowska

Markus Kratzer

Christian Teichert

Helmut Flachberger
title: Principal Factors of Contact Charging of Minerals for a Successful Triboelectrostatic Separation Process a Review
venue: BHM Berg und Huttenmannische Monatshefte
year: 2016

abstract: With advances in information and telecommunication technologies and data enabled decision making, smart manufacturing can be an essential component of sustainable development. In the era of the smart world, semiconductor industry is one of the few global industries that are in a growth mode to smartness, due to worldwide demand. The important opportunities that can boost the cost reduction of productivity and improve quality in wafer fabrication are based on the simulations of actual environment in Cyber Physical Space and integrate them with decentralized decision making systems. However, this integration faced the industry with novel unique challenges. The stream of the data from sensors, robots, and Cyber Physical Space can aid to make the manufacturing smart. Therefore, it would be an increased need for modeling, optimization, and simulation for the value delivery from manufacturing data. This paper aims to review the success story of smart manufacturing in semiconductor industry with the focus on data enabled decision making and optimization applications based on operations research and data science perspective. In addition, we will discuss future research directions and new challenges for this industry.
author_names: Marzieh Khakifirooz

Mahdi Fathi

Kan Wu
title: Development of Smart Semiconductor Manufacturing: Operations Research and Data Science Perspectives
venue: IEEE Access
year: 2019

abstract: Electronic waste is a mixture of end of life electronic products collected from various sources. These wastes are highly complex in composition, phase, and physiochemical properties. The metals which are embedded in the electronic waste can be recovered in order to reduce the risk in potential supply of strategic raw materials and environmental concerns. Some of the state of art technologies with the maximum recycling potential to recover gold silver were discussed in this paper. This review paper also deals with some of the methodologies to extract copper zinc. These methods have been selected based on their potential in the secondary supply of metals into the market with reduced operational costs, especially when dealing with solutions of low ion concentrations.
author_names: Dr N Gomathi
title: ON EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR NOBLE METALS EXTRACTION FROM E WASTE A REVIEW 1
year: 2017

abstract: Hotelling's T2 charts have already proven their effectiveness in the multivariate control of electrostatic separation process. The aim of this work is to extend the use of these charts from two to three variables, in order to improve the statistical control of an industrial roll type electrostatic separator designed for the recycling industry. In the case of electrostatic separation processes, the use of Hotelling's T2 chart for three variables would allow controlling on a single graph the correlation between the masses accumulated in the three boxes of the product collector. The results of the study carried out on a pilot plant electrostatic separator for metals and insulators from electric cable wastes in Algeria demonstrated the effectiveness of such a chart in detecting out of control situations: accumulation of dust particles on the high voltage electrodes and reduction of the input flow of raw materials.
author_names: Khouira Senouci

Karim Medles

Sara Messal

Lucian Dascalescu
title: Multivariate Control for Three Variables of an Industrial Roll Type Electrostatic Separator
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
year: 2015

abstract: Preface. 1 Introduction to the Lanthanides. 2 The Lanthanides Principles and Energetics. 3 The Lanthanide Elements and Simple Binary Compounds. 4 Coordination Chemistry of the Lanthanides. 5 Electronic and Magnetic Properties of the Lanthanides. 6 Organometallic Chemistry of the Lanthanides. 7 The Misfits: Scandium, Yttrium, and Promethium. 8 The Lanthanides and Scandium in Organic Chemistry. 9 Introduction to the Actinides. 10 Binary Compounds of the Actinides. 11 Coordination Chemistry of the Actinides. 12 Electronic and Magnetic Properties of the Actinides. 13 Organometallic Chemistry of the Actinides. 14 Synthesis of the Transactinides and their Chemistry. Bibliography. Index.
author_names: Simon A Cotton
title: Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry
year: 1991

abstract: Energy is the lifeblood of civilization, but inexpensive, high energy density sources are rapidly being depleted and their exploitation is severely degrading the environment. This paper explores a radical solution to this energy environmental dilemma. In the last 10 15 years, the universality of the second law of thermodynamics has fallen into serious theoretical doubt (1 3) Should it prove experimentally violable, this would open the door to a nearly limitless reservoir of ubiquitous, clean, recyclable energy. If economical, it could precipitate paradigm shifts in energy production, utilization and politics. In this paper, recent challenges to the second law are reviewed, with focus given to one for which laboratory experiments are planned. Possible consequences of its violation for technology, society and the environment are explored.
author_names: Daniel P Sheehan
title: Energy, Entropy and the Environment (How to Increase the First by Decreasing the Second to Save the Third)
year: 2008

abstract: This thesis presents initial designs for the extension of Outotec's HSC SIM 8 simulation platform into the field of mechanical recycling. The designs focus in the implementation of a generalized particle description framework, which allows flexible characterization of recycling particle populations. The generalized particle description framework was developed on the basis of a literature review, and observations of recycling particles in a plant environment. The literature review studied the established particle description framework of mineral processing, as well as the particle description frameworks utilized in the early modeling of mechanical recycling. The plant observations were conducted at the Kuusakoski Heinola Works recycling plant. The principal method of observation was the hand sorting of two output fractions of a shredder, which processes end of life vehicles and mixed scrap. This sorting study was complemented by freeform observations. The generalized framework embodies the common structure of the more specific frameworks that have been utilized in both mineral processing and mechanical recycling. Thus, it allows any of those frameworks, or even entirely new ones, to be utilized. This flexibility makes the development of a mechanical recycling simulation platform sensible, even though a common particle description framework has yet to be established in the field. The initial designs for HSC SIM describe the intended functionality of a set of three user interface elements. The set was designed for the specification of the properties of particle populations in a way that adheres to the new generalized structure. Such functionality sets a foundation for the simulation of mechanical recycling, but this does not yet complete the platform. Thus, it was recommended that the implementation of the designs be followed by three additional development stages: implementation of modeling structures, direct implementation specific properties to the generalized particle description framework, and initiation of the development of a material database.
author_names: Kari Heiskanen

Markus A Reuter

Bosco Martinez

Tekija Bosco Martinez

Tyon nimi Yleistetty

simulointiin Hsc SIMissa

Laitos Materiaalitekniikka

Professuuri Mekaaninen
title: School of Chemical Technology Degree Programme of Materials Science and Engineering Bosco Alejandro Martinez Oksanen A GENERALIZED PARTICLE DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK FOR THE SIMULATION OF MECHANICAL RECYCLING IN HSC SIM Master's Thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Technology
year: 2014