Query: A Three-Phase Single-Sensor based Cuk-derived PFC Converter with Reduced Number of Components for More Electric Aircraft

Candidate papers:

abstract: A new three phase Cuk derived power factor corrected (PFC) converter with only three switches for more electric aircraft is presented. The proposed converter benefits limited components for its operation, and only one semiconductor from each phase is in the current conduction path throughout the converter operation that substantially reduces the conduction losses leading to high efficiency and low converter thermal management. Further, the control effort required for converter operation is very less as all the three switches are driven by one gate signal. The converter output inductors are designed for discontinuous current operation for the entire converter power range to realize natural PFC at ac power source. The converter control is very simple, economical, and reliable since only one sensor is required for implementation. A detailed discussion on the converter steady state operation for one switching cycle is presented. The converter small signal model and the design expressions are derived to ease the converter control and the design. Further, the feasibility of the proposed scheme and the design are validated with the experimental results from a 2 kW laboratory prototype.
author_names: Sivanagaraju Gangavarapu

Akshay Kumar Rathore
title: A Three Phase Single Sensor Based Cuk Derived PFC Converter With Reduced Number of Components for More Electric Aircraft
venue: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
year: 2020

abstract: In more electric aircraft (MEA) three phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers of several kilowatts are required. In this paper, a three phase buck boost derived PFC converter with three switches and with input inductors connected in delta configuration for use in MEA is presented. The proposed converter is operated in a discontinuous conduction mode to achieve PFC at ac input. This avoids the inner current control loop which further eliminates the current sensors. It requires only one output voltage sensor unlike five sensors in conventional PFC converter for its control implementation. This makes the system cost effective, more reliable, and robust. A simple voltage control loop is used to generate the gate signals. The steady state operation of the converter and detailed design calculations are presented. For each power component, the analytical expressions for calculating the average and rms current ratings are derived to facilitate the converter design. The small signal model of the converter is presented to aid the controller design. The experimental results from a 2 kW laboratory prototype are presented to confirm the operation of the proposed converter. An input power factor of 0.999, an input current total harmonic distortion of as low as 2.76% and a high conversion efficiency of 96% are achieved from the prototype.
author_names: Sivanagaraju Gangavarapu

Akshay Kumar Rathore
title: Three Phase Buck Boost Derived PFC Converter for More Electric Aircraft
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2019

abstract: Three phase AC DC converters have been developed to a matured level with improved power quality in terms of power factor correction, reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains, and regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck boost, multilevel, and multipulse modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper presents an exhaustive review of three phase improved power quality AC DC converters (IPQCs) configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications. It is aimed at presenting a state of the art on the IPQC technology to researchers, designers, and application engineers dealing with three phase AC DC converters. A classified list of around 450 research articles on IPQCs is also appended for a quick reference.
author_names: Bhim Singh

Brij N Singh

Ambrish Chandra

Kamal Al-Haddad

Ashish Pandey

Dwarkadas Pralhaddas Kothari
title: A review of three phase improved power quality AC DC converters
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
year: 2004

abstract: In the first part of this paper, three phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive three phase diode rectifiers. The systems are classified into hybrid and fully active pulsewidth modulation boost type or buck type rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. This facilitates the understanding of the operating principle of three phase PFC rectifiers starting from single phase systems, and organizes and completes the knowledge base with a new hybrid three phase buck type PFC rectifier topology denominated as Swiss Rectifier. Finally, core topics of future research on three phase PFC rectifier systems are discussed, such as the analysis of novel hybrid buck type PFC rectifier topologies, the direct input current control of buck type systems, and the multi objective optimization of PFC rectifier systems. The second part of this paper is dedicated to a comparative evaluation of four rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications based on simple and demonstrative performance metrics concerning the semiconductor stresses, the loading and volume of the main passive components, the differential mode and common mode electromagnetic interference noise level, and ultimately the achievable converter efficiency and power density. The results are substantiated with selected examples of hardware prototypes that are optimized for efficiency and/or power density.
author_names: Johann Walter Kolar

Thomas Friedli
title: The Essence of Three Phase PFC Rectifier Systems Part I
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2013

abstract: This paper presents an integrated control strategy to achieve fast start up and enable wide input frequency operation in a three phase six switch power factor correction (PFC) converter. Limiting the inrush current with simultaneously minimizing the start up time is achieved by implementing a nonlinear compensator in the voltage control loop. In addition, the concerning issues regarding unity PFC operation with an accurate reference tracking in a system with wide input frequency variation (typical for more electric aircraft) are resolved by a second order compensator integrated with a state feedback controller in the current loop. For a proof of concept verification, a hardware prototype of 6 kW, three phase six switch PFC is developed and tested with the proposed integrated control strategy in a wide source frequency range (360 800 Hz) ac input that shows perfect unity power factor operation throughout. Both the start up time and inrush current are reduced to \text{50} of their values in conventional PI compensation.
author_names: Ayan Mallik

Alireza Khaligh
title: An Integrated Control Strategy for a Fast Start Up and Wide Range Input Frequency Operation of a Three Phase Boost Type PFC Converter for More Electric Aircraft
venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
year: 2017

abstract: This article analyzes a three phase single stage isolated flyback based power factor correction converter and presents a novel clamping circuit to capture the transformers leakage inductance energy. The converter unity power factor operation is obtained by using the inherent resistance property of discontinuous conduction mode. Thus, the input current shaping circuit is eliminated and resulted in a single loop control system. Therefore, the converter control circuit requires only one sensor, which decreases the system cost, and also increases the system robustness to high frequency noise. With the proposed clamping circuit, the transformers leakage inductance energy is successfully captured in clamping capacitor, and thereby, it is fed to the dc load by using an auxiliary two switch forward converter which enhanced the overall operating efficiency of a converter. The converter detailed steady state operation and the design considerations are presented. Each power component voltage stress expressions are derived to simplify the converter design, and the converter small signal model is presented to help the controller design. The novelty and performance of the converter is verified by both simulation and experimentation.
author_names: Sivanagaraju Gangavarapu

Akshay Kumar Rathore

Vinod Khadkikar
title: High Efficiency Three Phase Single Stage Isolated Flyback Based PFC Converter With a Novel Clamping Circuit
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
year: 2020

abstract: This article presents a three phase single stage isolated flyback based power factor correction (PFC) converter with a clamping circuit to recover the transformer leakage inductance energy for more electric aircraft application. With the proposed clamping circuit, the transformers' leakage inductance energy is successfully captured in clamping capacitor, and subsequently, a constant power 28 V secondary supply is derived by using a two switch forward converter to improve the converter overall efficiency. The converter unity power factor (UPF) operation is obtained by using the inherent resistance property of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) Hence, the input current shaping circuit is eliminated and resulted in a single loop control system. Thus, the converter control circuit requires only one sensor, which decreases the system cost and increases the system reliability and robustness. In addition, the converter provides fault tolerant operation for single phase loss. The converter is analyzed and the design equations are explained in detail. The voltage and current stress equations for all power components are derived and validated with the simulation. The novelty and the operation of the converter are demonstrated with the experimental results from a 2 kW laboratory prototype.
author_names: Sivanagaraju Gangavarapu

Akshay Kumar Rathore Gae
title: A Three Phase Single Stage Isolated Flyback Based PFC Converter With Leakage Energy Recovery Clamping Circuit
venue: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
year: 2019

abstract: In this paper, a new front end ac dc bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size, PHEV charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. In addition, a detailed analytical model for this topology is presented, enabling the calculation of the converter power losses and efficiency. Experimental and simulation results are included for a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage (85 265 V) to 400 V dc output at up to 3.4 kW load. The experimental results demonstrate a power factor greater than 0.99 from 750 W to 3.4 kW, THD less than 5% from half load to full load and a peak efficiency of 98.9% at 70 kHz switching frequency, 265 V input and 1.2 kW load.
author_names: Fariborz Musavi

Wilson Eberle

William G Dunford
title: A High Performance Single Phase Bridgeless Interleaved PFC Converter for Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
year: 2011

abstract: In this paper, a three phase isolated flyback based single stage power factor corrected (PFC) converter with a novel clamping circuit for aircraft application is presented. The steady state operation and design calculations of the converter are presented in detail. The converter is operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) due to its inherent advantages such as PFC, reduced number of sensors, zero diode reverse recovery losses and zero current switching on. The converter requires only one sensor, which makes the system cost effective, more reliable and robust. By using the proposed clamping circuit, the transformers leakage inductance energy is captured successfully in a clamping capacitor, and subsequently a secondary 24V DC supply is derived by connecting a forward converter across the clamping capacitor. The performance of the converter is validated through the simulation and experimental results.
author_names: Sivanagaraju Gangavarapu

Akshay Kumar Rathore
title: Analysis and Design of Three Phase Single Stage Isolated Flyback Based PFC Converter with a Novel Clamping Circuit
venue: 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
year: 2019

abstract: High frequency link (HFL) power conversion systems (PCSs) are attracting more and more attentions in academia and industry for high power density, reduced weight, and low noise without compromising efficiency, cost, and reliability. In HFL PCSs, dual active bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc dc converter (IBDC) serves as the core circuit. This paper gives an overview of DAB IBDC for HFL PCSs. First, the research necessity and development history are introduced. Second, the research subjects about basic characterization, control strategy, soft switching solution and variant, as well as hardware design and optimization are reviewed and analyzed. On this basis, several typical application schemes of DAB IBDC for HPL PCSs are presented in a worldwide scope. Finally, design recommendations and future trends are presented. As the core circuit of HFL PCSs, DAB IBDC has wide prospects. The large scale practical application of DAB IBDC for HFL PCSs is expected with the recent advances in solid state semiconductors, magnetic and capacitive materials, and microelectronic technologies.
author_names: Biao Zhao

Qiang Song

Wenhua Liu

Yandong Sun
title: Overview of Dual Active Bridge Isolated Bidirectional DC DC Converter for High Frequency Link Power Conversion System
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2014