Query: Nanoimprinting a key enabling technology for BioMEMS and biomedical applications

Candidate papers:

abstract: The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) lays out a quite challenging path for the further development of the patterning techniques needed to create the ever smaller feature sizes. In recent years the standard lithography repeatedly reached its limits due to the diffraction effects encountered with continuously shrinking mask patterns. These restrictions on wavelength, in combination with high process and equipment costs, make low cost, simple imprinting techniques competitive with next generation lithography methods. There are no physical limitations encountered with imprinting techniques for much smaller, fully replicated structures, down to the sub 10 nm range.
author_names: R Eichinger-Heue

Thomas Glinsner

Paul Kettner

Paul Lindner

Christian Schaefer

Steven Dwyer

Boris Vratzov
title: Nanoimprinting a Key Enabling Technology for BioM EMS and Biomedical Applications
year: 2004

abstract: The emergence of omics studies and single cell analysis in biomedicine has advocated a critical need to develop novel cell sorting technologies to process complex and heterogenous biological samples prior analysis. Spiral inertial microfluidics is an enabling membrane free cell separation technique developed almost a decade ago for high throughput biophysical cell separation, and has since been widely exploited for different biomedical applications. In this chapter, we will provide a comprehensive review on spiral inertial microfluidics including (1) conventional and microfluidic cell sorting techniques, (2) introduction to inertial microfluidics and Dean coupled inertial focusing, (3) classification of major spiral devices, (4) summary of different biomedical applications, (5) recent advances in next generation spiral cell sorters, and (6) highlight key challenges for future research. With increasing advancement in microfabrication and computational simulation, we envision that spiral inertial microfluidics will play a leading role in driving research and commercialization in clinical diagnostics, as well as other research areas in chemistry and material sciences.
author_names: Ning Liu

Chayakorn Petchakup

Hui Min Tay

Kwok Hung Li

Han Wei Hou
title: Spiral Inertial Microfluidics for Cell Separation and Biomedical Applications
year: 2019

abstract: A major trend in biomedical engineering is the development of reliable, self contained point of care (POC) devices for diagnostics and in field assays. The new generation of such platforms increasingly addresses the clinical and environmental needs. Moreover, they are becoming more and more integrated with everyday objects, such as smartphones, and their spread among unskilled common people, has the power to improve the quality of life, both in the developed world and in low resource settings. The future success of these tools will depend on the integration of the relevant key enabling technologies on an industrial scale (microfluidics with microelectronics, highly sensitive detection methods and low cost materials for easy to use tools) Here, recent advances and perspectives will be reviewed across the large spectrum of their applications.
author_names: Elisabetta Primiceri

Maria Serena Chiriaco

Francesca M Notarangelo

Antonio Crocamo

Diego Ardissino

Marco Cereda

Alessandro P Bramanti

Marco A Bianchessi

Gianluigi Giannelli

Giuseppe Maruccio
title: Key Enabling Technologies for Point of Care Diagnostics
venue: Sensors
year: 2018

abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) based biomedical applications are deployed in biomedical systems such as healthcare/telecare, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, monitoring. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, also called as enabling technologies, are key components of the IoT concept. In this study, a new IoT based healthcare framework associated with WBANs and RFID technologies is built for hospital information systems. The designed framework has been modeled and simulated using Riverbed Modeler software. The results show that QoS criteria for data rate and latency specified by ISO/IEEE 11073 standard are satisfied by using the proposed energy aware system. It is also demonstrated that some case studies considered in hospital information systems can be easily realized by the proposed framework by forming a time saving simulation environment.
author_names: Faruk Aktas

Celal Ceken

Yunus Emre Erdemli
title: IoT Based Healthcare Framework for Biomedical Applications
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract High gradient magnetic separation is a well established technology in the mineral processing industry, and has been used for decades in the bioprocessing industry. Less well known is the increasing role that high gradient magnetic separation is playing in biomedical applications, for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We review here the state of the art in this emerging field, with a focus on therapeutic haemofiltration, the key enabling technologies relating to the functionalisation of magnetic nanoparticles with target specific binding agents, and the development of extra corporeal circuits to enable the in situ filtering of human blood.
author_names: George Frodsham

Quentin A Pankhurst
title: Biomedical applications of high gradient magnetic separation: progress towards therapeutic haeomofiltration
venue: Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering
year: 2015

abstract: The science of photonics is increasingly enabling the discovery of unprecedented proprieties that stem from the interaction of light with nanostructured matter. On the other hand, nanotechnology provides a key support to the research in photonics. In particular nanoimprint lithography (NIL) proved important to accelerate the development and prototyping of novel photonic device concepts. In this thesis, NIL was analyzed as a suitable, flexible, low cost lithography solution for photonics. The purpose of this work is to research and evaluate novel nanofabrication technologies, materials and device concepts to support and innovate the fields of photonics and nanotechnology. In doing so, different implementations of NIL were experimentally investigated on the imprint of novel photonic devices into purely organic and hybrid organic inorganic sol gel materials. Two main research themes on printable photonics are explored in parallel. The first concerns the development and testing of nanoimprint technologies to pursue the fabrication of progressively more challenging device concepts, from 2D to 3D. As a second research theme, the idea to couple top down nano patterning approaches (NIL) with bottom up functionalities that emerge from engineering material proprieties at the chemistry level is put forward. To explore these research courses, two photonic devices were designed, fabricated and tested: an integrated holographic planar circuit for on chip spectroscopy, and a photonic crystal slab printed out of a functional, high refractive index material. The amount of integration, complexity and variety of the printed optical components presented here allow us to extend the validity of the work to an even broader range of photonic devices. This work advances the field of printable photonics and demonstrates its leverage to innovation, which encompasses several scientific fields.
author_names: Giuseppe Carlo Calafiore
title: Nanoimprinting of Photonic Devices for Visible Light Applications
year: 2016

abstract: MEMS technology is enabling a wide variety of biomedical systems. This technology is now integrating microscale sensors, actuators, microfluidics, micro optics, and structural elements with computation, communications, and controls for application to medicine for the improvement of human health. Derived from the microfabrication technology used to make integrated circuits, bioMEMS is expected to revolutionize the way medicine is practiced and delivered. This paper presents an introductory overview of three exciting new opportunity areas for bioMEMS in medicine. These are surgical microsystems (intelligent micro invasive surgical tools) diagnostic microsystems (biochips and related micro instrumentation) and therapeutic micro systems (health care management systems) Some representative examples based on work carried out at the University of Minnesota (USA) are presented, including (1) MEMS in precision surgery ophthalmology; (2) MEMS in biomolecular recognition; and (3) MEMS in autonomous therapy management systems micro pumps for drug delivery. Selected human clinical trials of the application of BioMEMS are presented.
author_names: Dennis L Polla
title: MEMS technology for biomedical applications
venue: 2001 6th International Conference on Solid State and Integrated Circuit Technology. Proceedings (Cat. No.01EX443)
year: 2001

abstract: High throughput real time optical sensing and imaging instruments for capture and analysis of fast phenomena are among the most essential tools for scientific, industrial, military, and most importantly biomedical applications. The key challenge in these instruments is the fundamental trade off between speed and sensitivity of the measurement system due to the limited signal energy collected in each measurement window. Based on two enabling technologies, namely photonic time stretch dispersive Fourier transform and optical amplification, we developed several novel high throughput optical measurement tools for applications such as flow cytometry, vibrometry, and volumetric scanning.We demonstrated optical Raman amplification at about 800 nm wavelength for the first time and extended time stretch dispersive Fourier transform to this region of electromagnetic spectrum. We used this enabling technology to make an ultrafast three dimensional laser scanner with about hundred thousand scans per second and an imaging vibrometer with nanometer scale axial resolution. We also employed our high speed laser scanner to perform label free cell screening in flow. One of the fundamental challenges in cell analysis is the undesirable impact of cell labeling on cellular behavior. To eliminate the need for these labels, while keeping the cell classification accuracy high, additional label free parameters such as precise measurement of the cell protein concentration is required. We introduced a high accuracy label free imaging flow cytometer based on simultaneous measurement of morphology and optical path length through the cell at flow speeds as high as a few meters per second. Finally, the ultimate challenge in ultra high throughput instrumentation is the storage and analysis of the torrent of generated data. As an example, our imaging flow cytometer generates about ten terabytes of cell images over a course of one hour acquisition, which captures images of every single cell in more than two milliliters of sample e.g. blood. We enabled practical use of these big data volumes by efficient combination of analog preprocessing techniques such as quadrature demodulation with parallel storage and digital post processing.
author_names: A Mahjoubfar
title: High Speed Imaging and Optical Sensing Systems for Biomedical Applications
year: 2014

abstract: During the past decade coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy has evolved to one of the most powerful imaging techniques in the biomedical sciences, enabling the label free visualization of the chemical composition of tissue in vivo in real time. While the acquisition of high contrast images of single cells up to large tissue sections enables a wide range of medical applications from routine diagnostics to surgical guidance, to date CARS imaging is employed in fundamental research only, essentially because the synchronized multiple wavelength pulsed laser sources required for CARS microscopy are large, expensive and require regular maintenance. Laser sources based on optical fibers can overcome these limitations combining highest efficiency and peak powers with an excellent spatial beam profile and thermal stability. In this review we summarize the different fiber based approaches for laser sources dedicated to coherent Raman imaging, in particular active fiber technology and passive fiber based frequency conversion processes, i.e. supercontinuum generation, soliton self frequency shift and four wave mixing. We re evaluate the ideal laser parameters for CARS imaging and discuss the suitability of different laser concepts for turn key operation required for routine application in clinics.
author_names: Thomas Gottschall

Tobias Meyer

Martin Baumgartl

Cesar Jauregui

Michael Schmitt

Jurgen Popp

Jens Limpert

Andreas Tunnermann
title: Fiber based light sources for biomedical applications of coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
year: 2015

abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) communication is now widely used for e health communication as it allows heterogeneous hardware and services to merge seamlessly in providing an efficient healthcare system. As sensitive and private biomedical information is communicated, the IoT system must provide security for the data. The most popular security mechanisms are encryption and key management. The key management schemes of IoT should be based on standard Internet protocols to communicate in a heterogeneous environment. The standard IPSec protocol relies on IKE for key agreement. IKEv2 is a minimal version of IKE suitable for IoT. IKEv2 provides certificate based authentication and Diffie Hellman Key agreement scheme which is too heavy for IoT. Hence in this paper a lightweight, certificate less protocol based on ECC is proposed. This protocol uses Elliptic curve Diffie Hellman key exchange instead of the RSA Diffie Hellman used in IKEv2. The major advantages of the proposed scheme are that the security level is same as RSA with reduced key sizes, ECC based key agreement allows to generate a common shared key, which can be used for Symmetric encryption techniques which requires less processing time, storage and computation cost. Introduction The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) coined by Kevin Ashton describes about how the objects present in physical world connected through sensors to the Internet. Press department and popular media put headline news about IoT as it is a vital topic in technology industry, policy, and engineering circles. This technology benefits from the developments in computing power, miniaturization of electronic devices, and wireless networks for providing new capabilities which is not possible previously. This is specifically seen in biomedical applications, where compact body sensors are used for measuring the vital signs and the biomedical data is transmitted; thus enabling medical professionals to monitor remotely. Profusion of conferences, reports, and news articles are mainly made a discussion and debate on future impact of the "IoT revolution" as of new market opportunities and business models that apprehensions around security, privacy, and technical interoperability The Internet today is becoming an IPv6 network connecting to smart objects and networks like wireless sensor networks along with the traditional computers. This IoT will provide many services to meet our day to day life. Due to the development of low cost, low power wearable medical sensors and equally advanced communication technology has made e health care solutions viable through internet. The advent of IoT has made possible for individual health data collected by body sensors and the biomedical data transmitted to the physicians for monitoring, analyzing and diagnosing 2 IoT implementation includes layers such as data acquisition present below where application layer presented at the top. This layered architecture met necessities of various industries, enterprises, societies, institutes, governments etc. IoT's generic layered architecture is represented in figure 1 which has two different divisions with Internet layer present in between. For communication, this assists the purpose of a common media 3 For data capturing, two lower layers contribute and the two top layers are responsible for data utilization. Figure 1: Layered architecture of Internet of Things Functionalities of different layers are explained in short: Application layer
title: CLIKEV 2 A Novel Key Agreement Protocol for Securing and Managing Biomedical Data in Iot
year: 2018