Query: Thermal management of electronics: A review of literature

Candidate papers:

abstract: Due to rapid growth in semiconductor technology, there is a continuous increase of the system power and the shrinkage of size. This resulted in inevitable challenges in the field of thermal management of electronics to maintain the desirable operating temperature. The present paper reviews the literature dealing with various aspects of cooling methods. Included are papers on experimental work on analyzing cooling technique and its stability, numerical modeling, natural convection, and advanced cooling methods. The issues of thermal management of electronics, development of new effective cooling schemes by using advanced materials and manufacturing methods are also enumerated in this paper.
author_names: Sundaram Shanmuga Anandan

Velraj Ramalingam
title: Thermal management of electronics: A review of literature
year: 2008

abstract: Abstract Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used extensively to improve thermal conduction across two mating parts. They are particularly crucial in electronics thermal management since excessive junction to ambient thermal resistances can cause elevated temperatures which can negatively influence device performance and reliability. Of particular interest to electronic package designers is the thermal resistance of the TIM layer at the end of its design life. Estimations of this allow the package to be designed to perform adequately over its entire useful life. To this end, TIM reliability studies have been performed using accelerated stress tests. This paper reviews the body of work which has been performed on TIM reliability. It focuses on the various test methodologies with commentary on the results which have been obtained for the different TIM materials. Based on the information available in the open literature, a test procedure is proposed for TIM selection based on beginning and end of life performance.
author_names: Jens Due

A J Robinson
title: Reliability of thermal interface materials: A review
year: 2013

abstract: The thermal management of magnetic components for power electronics is crucial to ensure their reliability. However, conventional thermal models for magnetic components are known to have either poor accuracy or excessive complexity. Contrary to these models, the use of Thermal Resistance Matrices is proposed in this paper instead, which combine both accuracy and simplicity. They are usually used to characterize semiconductor devices, but not for magnetic components. The guidelines to apply Thermal Resistance Matrices for magnetic components are discussed in detail. The accuracy of this model is validated by 3D FEA simulations and experimental results, showing an absolute error lower than 5 C and a relative error between 6.4% and 3.9% which is outstanding compared to the carried out literature review.
author_names: Guillermo Salinas

Juan A Serrano-Vargas

Javier Munoz-Anton

Pedro Alou
title: Thermal Resistance Matrix Extraction from Finite Element Analysis for High Frequency Magnetic Components
year: 2021

abstract: BackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a common weight loss operation that is increasingly being managed on an outpatient or overnight stay basis. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after LSG.MethodsA systematic review utilizing preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analysis with PROcedure SPECific Postoperative Pain ManagemenT methodology was undertaken. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the English language from inception to September 2018 assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anesthetic, and surgical interventions were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases.ResultsSignificant heterogeneity was identified in the 18 RCTs included in this systematic review. Gabapentinoids and transversus abdominis plane blocks reduced LSG postoperative pain. There was limited procedure specific evidence of analgesic effects for acetaminophen, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, dexamethasone, magnesium, and tramadol in this setting. Inconsistent evidence was found in the studies investigating alpha 2 agonists. No evidence was found for intraperitoneal local anesthetic administration or single port laparoscopy.ConclusionsThe literature to recommend an optimal analgesic regimen for LSG is limited. The pragmatic view supports acetaminophen and a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug, with opioids as rescue analgesics. Gabapentinoids should be used with caution, as they may amplify opioid induced respiratory depression. Although transversus abdominis plane blocks reduced pain, port site infiltration may be considered instead, as it is a simple and inexpensive approach that provides adequate somatic blockade. Further RCTs are required to confirm the influence of the recommended analgesic regimen on postoperative pain relief.
author_names: Hoani Macfater

Weisi Xia

Sanket Srinivasa

Andrew G Hill

Marc Van de Velde

Girsh P Joshi

On Behalf Of D C V A S Collaborators
title: Evidence Based Management of Postoperative Pain in Adults Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
venue: World Journal of Surgery
year: 2019

abstract: PurposeThe aim of this study was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of natural agents for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society for Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible.ResultsA total of 49 papers across 15 interventions were examined. A new suggestion was developed in favor of systemic zinc supplements administered orally in the prevention of oral mucositis in oral cancer patients receiving radiation therapy or chemoradiation (Level III evidence) A recommendation was made against the use of intravenous glutamine for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving high dose chemotherapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (Level II evidence) No guideline was possible for any other agent, due to inadequate and/or conflicting evidence.ConclusionsOf the various natural agents reviewed here, the available evidence supported a guideline only for two agents: a suggestion in favor of zinc and a recommendation against glutamine, in the treatment settings listed above. Well designed studies of other natural agents are warranted.
author_names: Noam Yarom

Anura Ariyawardana

Allan J Hovan

Andrei Barasch

Virginia Jarvis

Siri Beier Jensen

Yehuda Zadik

S Elad

Joanne M Bowen

Rajesh V Lalla

For the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Ass Oncology
title: Systematic review of natural agents for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients
venue: Supportive Care in Cancer
year: 2013

abstract: PurposeThe aim of this study was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of agents for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucositis.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible.ResultsA total of 251 clinical studies across 29 interventions were examined. Panel members were able to make one new evidence based negative recommendation; two new evidence based suggestions, and one evidence based change from previous guidelines. Firstly, the panel recommends against the use of misoprostol suppositories for the prevention of acute radiation induced proctitis. Secondly, the panel suggests probiotic treatment containing Lactobacillus spp. may be beneficial for prevention of chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced diarrhea in patients with malignancies of the pelvic region. Thirdly, the panel suggests the use of hyperbaric oxygen as an effective means in treating radiation induced proctitis. Finally, new evidence has emerged which is in conflict with our previous guideline surrounding the use of systemic glutamine, meaning that the panel is unable to form a guideline. No guideline was possible for any other agent, due to inadequate and/or conflicting evidence.ConclusionsThis updated review of the literature has allowed new recommendations and suggestions for clinical practice to be reached. This highlights the importance of regular updates.
author_names: Rachel J Gibson

Dorothy Keefe

Rajesh V Lalla

Emma H Bateman

N M A Blijlevens

Margot Fijlstra

Emily E King

Andrea M Stringer

Walter J F M van der Velden

Roger Yazbeck

S Elad

Joanne M Bowen

For the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Ass Oncology
title: Systematic review of agents for the management of gastrointestinal mucositis in cancer patients
venue: Supportive Care in Cancer
year: 2012

abstract: PurposeThe aim of this project was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of anti inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients.Materials and methodsA systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for use of each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible.ResultsForty one papers were reviewed. There was sufficient evidence to recommend the use of benzydamine mouthwash for the prevention of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving moderate dose radiation therapy (up to 50 Gy) without concomitant chemotherapy. A new suggestion was developed against the use of misoprostol mouthwash for the prevention of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Positive results were reported for some other anti inflammatory agents. However, no guidelines were able to be developed for any other agents due to insufficient and/or conflicting evidence.ConclusionsThe use of anti inflammatory agents continues to be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. Additional well designed studies are needed to examine the use of this class of agents for oral mucositis.
author_names: Ourania Nicolatou-Galitis

Triantafyllia Sarri

Joanne Bowen

Mario Palma

V Kouloulias

Pasquale Niscola

Dorothea Riesenbeck

Monique A Stokman

Wim J E Tissing

E M Yeoh

S Elad

Rajesh V Lalla

For the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Ass Oncology
title: Systematic review of anti inflammatory agents for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients
venue: Supportive Care in Cancer
year: 2013

abstract: Purpose of ReviewThis review aims to summarize the type 1 diabetes (T1D) and weight literature with an emphasis on barriers associated with weight management, the unique T1D specific factors that impact weight loss success, maladaptive and adaptive strategies for weight loss, and interventions to promote weight loss.Recent FindingsWeight gain is associated with intensive insulin therapy. Overweight and obese weight status in individuals with T1D is higher than the general population and prevalence is rising. A variety of demographic (e.g. female sex) clinical (e.g. greater insulin needs) environmental (e.g. skipping meals) and psychosocial (e.g. depression, stress) factors are associated with overweight/obese weight status in T1D. Fear of hypoglycemia is a significant barrier to engagement in physical activity. Studies evaluating adaptive weight loss strategies in people with T1D are limited.SummaryThere is a growing literature highlighting the prevalence and seriousness of overweight and obesity among both youth and adults with T1D. There is an urgent need to develop evidence based weight management guidelines and interventions that address the unique concerns of individuals with T1D and that concurrently address glycemic control.
author_names: Kimberly A Driscoll

Karen D Corbin

David M Maahs

Richard E Pratley

Franziska K Bishop

Anna R Kahkoska

Korey K Hood

Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis

on behalf of the Advancing Care for Type 1 Diabetes a Network
title: Biopsychosocial Aspects of Weight Management in Type 1 Diabetes: a Review and Next Steps
venue: Current Diabetes Reports
year: 2017

abstract: PurposeThe aim of this project was to review the literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of cytokines and growth factor agents for the prevention or treatment of oral mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: Recommendation, Suggestion, No guideline possible.ResultsSixty four clinical studies across 11 interventions were evaluated. A recommendation was made for the use of recombinant human KGF 1 (palifermin) at a dose of 60 mg/kg per day for 3 days prior to conditioning treatment and for 3 days post transplant for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving high dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. A suggestion was made against using granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor mouthwash for the prevention of oral mucositis in the setting of high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. No guideline was possible for any other cytokine or growth factor agents due to inconclusive evidence.ConclusionsOf the cytokine and growth factor agents studied for oral mucositis, the evidence only supports use of palifermin in the specific population listed above. Additional well designed research is needed on other cytokine and growth factor interventions and in other cancer treatment settings.
author_names: Judith E Raber-Durlacher

Inger von Bultzingslowen

Richard Logan

Joanne M Bowen

A R Al-Azri

Hele Everaus

Erich Gerber

Jesus Garcia Gomez

B Gosta Pettersson

Yoshihiko Soga

Fred K L Spijkervet

Wim J E Tissing

Joel B Epstein

S Elad

Rajesh V Lalla

For the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Ass Oncology
title: Systematic review of cytokines and growth factors for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients
venue: Supportive Care in Cancer
year: 2012

abstract: PurposeThe aim of this study was to review the available literature from 1966 until December 31, 2010 and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of amifostine for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients.MethodsA systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for the use of amifostine, in each cancer treatment setting was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, or no guideline possible.ResultsThirty papers were reviewed for evidence on amifostine as an intervention for oral mucositis. No guideline was possible for amifostine in any cancer treatment setting due to inadequate and conflicting evidence.ConclusionReview of the amifostine studies for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis has found insufficient evidence to support its use in any cancer treatment setting for this purpose. Additional well designed research is needed to clarify the role of amifostine as an intervention for oral mucositis.
author_names: Ourania Nicolatou-Galitis

Triantafyllia Sarri

Joanne Bowen

Mario Palma

V Kouloulias

Pasquale Niscola

Dorothea Riesenbeck

Monique A Stokman

Wim J E Tissing

E M Yeoh

S Elad

Rajesh V Lalla

For the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Ass Oncology
title: Systematic review of amifostine for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients
venue: Supportive Care in Cancer
year: 2012