Query: Zigbee Wireless Networks and Transceivers

Candidate papers:

abstract: ZigBee is a short range wireless networking standard backed by such industry leaders as Motorola, Texas Instruments, Philips, Samsung, Siemens, Freescale, etc. It supports mesh networking, each node can transmit and receive data, offers high security and robustness, and is being rapidly adopted in industrial, control/monitoring, and medical applications. This book will explain the ZigBee protocol, discuss the design of ZigBee hardware, and describe how to design and implement ZigBee networks. The book has a dedicated website for the latest technical updates, ZigBee networking calculators, and additional materials. Dr. Farahani is a ZigBee system engineer for Freescale semiconductors Inc.Table of ContentsChapter 1: ZigBee BasicsChapter 2: ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 Networking ExamplesChapter 3: ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol LayersChapter 4: Transceiver RequirementsChapter 5: RF Propagation, Antennas, and Regulatory RequirementsChapter 6: Battery Life AnalysisChapter 7: Location Estimating Using ZigBee Chapter 8: ZigBee CoexistenceChapter 9: Related TechnologiesAppendicesKEY FEATURES* Provides a comprehensive overview of ZigBee technology and networking, from RF/physical layer considerations to application layer development. Discusses ZigBee security features such as encryption. Describes how ZigBee can be used in location detection applications. Explores techniques for ZigBee co existence with other wireless technologies such as 802.11 and Bluetooth.
author_names: Shahin Farahani
title: ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers
year: 2008

abstract: Agriculture determines the economic growth of nation and is known to be its backbone. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining efforts to find more efficient solutions for solving various different problems in agriculture to improve current production and processes Precision. The proposed framework for precision agriculture employs low cost environmental sensors, an Arduino Uno prototyping board and a pair of wireless transceivers (XBee ZB S2) along with actuating circuit to provide automated irrigation and monitoring of crops. The proposed prototype uses XBee protocol which is based on ZigBee technology .The important characteristics of ZigBee technology favorable for precision agriculture are; low data rate, low power consumption and larger coverage area. Thus, due to aforesaid characteristics, ZigBee technology happens to be the first choice for implementing precision agriculture. The newly emerging technology i.e. Wireless Sensor Networks spread rapidly into many field's like medical, habitat monitoring, bio technology etc.
author_names: Shanthi D L

Mohd Aiman Jaffer

Harshitha Neelakanta

M Sowmya

M Dinesh
title: Comparative Analysis of Smart Irrigation and Crop Prediction using Wireless Sensor Networks and Machine Learning
year: 2020

abstract: This paper presents on the results of radiation studies for three commonly used wireless sensor nodes based on the following protocols: ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA 100.11a, and network devices built with commercial off the shelf (COTS) components. The level of radiation considered is at par with that experienced at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the accident. An experimental setup is developed to monitor behaviors of each wireless device and network real time under the 60 Co gamma radiator at The Ohio State University Nuclear Reactor Lab (OSU NRL) The experimental results have indicated that the performance of the communication channels and wireless signal parameters do not degrade significant under such radiation. However, all the tested devices and networks can only survive for several hours under the high dose rate condition (20 K Rad/h) The results of these experimental studies have provided useful references to those who design and manufacture COTS based wireless monitoring systems for use in high level radiation environments.
author_names: Q Huang

J Jiang

Y Q Deng
title: Comparative Evaluation of Three Wireless Sensor Network Transceivers in a High Radiation Environment
year: 2020

abstract: With the emergence of connected and autonomous vehicles, sensors are increasingly deployed within cars to support new functionalities. Traffic generated by these sensors congest traditional intra car networks, such as CAN buses. Furthermore, the large amount of wires needed to connect sensors makes it harder to design cars in a modular way. To alleviate these limitations, we propose, simulate, and implement a hybrid wired/wireless architecture, in which each node is connected to either a wired interface or a wireless interface or both. Specifically, we propose a new protocol, called Hybrid Backpressure Collection Protocol (Hybrid BCP) to efficiently collect data from sensors in intra car networks. Hybrid BCP is backward compatible with the CAN bus technology, and builds on the BCP protocol, designed for wireless sensor networks. We theoretically prove that an idealized version of Hybrid BCP achieves optimal throughput. Our testbed implementation, based on CAN and ZigBee transceivers, demonstrates the load balancing and routing functionalities of Hybrid BCP and its resilience to DoS attacks and wireless jamming attacks. We further provide simulation results, obtained with the ns 3 simulator and based on real intra car RSSI traces, that compare between the performance of Hybrid BCP and a tree based data collection protocol. Notably, the simulations show that Hybrid BCP outperforms the tree based protocol on throughput by 12 percent. The results also show that Hybrid BCP maintains high packet delivery rate and low packet delay for safety critical sensors that are directly connected to the sink through wire.
author_names: Wei Si

David Starobinski

Moshe Laifenfeld
title: A Robust Load Balancing and Routing Protocol for Intra Car Hybrid Wired/Wireless Networks
venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
year: 2019

abstract: In this paper, we study proper routing protocols for border surveillance missions using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) We assume that the sensor nodes are equipped with ZigBee transceivers for wireless communications. Three well known routing algorithms (AODV, DSR, and OLSR) are simulated in a WSN surveillance scenario. The performances of these routing algorithms are compared in terms of traffic load, delay, packet loss, and energy consumption. Our results indicate that DSR performs better than other algorithms for border surveillance applications. Moreover, a novel algorithm called "DSR_OP" is proposed for improving DSR routing in terms energy management in the network and extending the network life time. However Comparisons of WSN routing protocols (DSR, AODV, OLSR and others) are presented since many years ago, but there is no simulation with OPNET, so our novelty is that the validity of proposed method and the comparisons are confirmed by simulations in OPNET.
author_names: Hoda Sharei-Amarghan

Alireza Keshavarz-Haddad

Gaetan Garraux
title: Routing Protocols for Border Surveillance Using ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Networks
venue: CN
year: 2013

abstract: Wireless sensor networks have been used in several applications to perform remote monitoring for a certain Area of Interest. In this work, we propose to utilize an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to improve the ground network connectivity, act as a data mule that collects the captured data and off load the ground sensor nodes, who have normally limited storage capacities. We have investigated the effect of several parameters that affect the communication between the UAV and the ground sensors such as the UAV height, communication channel weather conditions, and nodes' noise factor, and evaluated the network performance measured by the average packet loss rate, end to end delay, and throughput. We found out that when the nodes' transceivers have a relatively high noise factor (above 20) it is recommended to keep the UAV altitude around 150 meters or below. We also noticed that the performance degrades drastically when having severe weather conditions, which requires additional mechanisms for improving the transmission performance such as the usage of error correction codes and Multiple Input Multiple Output antennas.
author_names: Ala F Khalifeh

Mahmoud AlQudah

Rabi Tanash

Khalid A Darabkh
title: A Simulation Study for UAV Aided Wireless Sensor Network Utilizing ZigBee Protocol
venue: 2018 14th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)
year: 2018

abstract: 1171 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Sciences Publication Retrieval Number G6350058719/19(c)BEIESP Abstract: Wireless Sensor networks finds its application in various areas such as habitat monitoring, home automation, industrial automation, military applications and health care etc. Even though Wireless sensor networks are omnipresence, they are vulnerable to the various security threats. Sybil attacks are considered to be one of the most important attacks for which the several detection algorithms and systems were designed and implemented. But still the existing algorithms need intelligence for better accuracy of detection. Hence new technique FEM(Fuzzy Extreme machines) is proposed which works on the hybrid Fuzzy and powerful Extreme learning machines for the detection of Sybil attacks. The experiments were conducted on real time Testbeds which consist of ARM as main CPU interfaced with CC2530 Zigbee transceivers and tested in LEACH environment. Results in terms of accuracy detection obtained from the FEM approach proves to be more vital when compared with the other existing classifier algorithms.
author_names: V Sujatha

E A Mary Anita
title: FEM Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for the Detection of Sybil attacks in the Wireless Sensor Networks
year: 2019

abstract: This chapter introduces concepts and applications relating to wireless data communication. It starts with a review of the principles, including the electromagnetic spectrum, radio transceivers, protocols and antennae. The background to short distance, personal area network protocols is introduced, through reference to IEEE Working Groups. Bluetooth is introduced, and trialled using the RN 41 Bluetooth module. The RN 41 is used to develop key Bluetooth concepts. Simple PC to mbed, and mbed to mbed Bluetooth links are demonstrated. The Zigbee protocol, its typical networks and applications are introduced. XBee radio modules are used to illustrate simple Zigbee links, in Transparent mode. Use of the XBee in its more flexible API mode is then introduced, which opens the door to more advanced Zigbee applications.
author_names: Rob Toulson

Tim Wilmshurst
title: Chapter 11 Wireless Communication Bluetooth and Zigbee
year: 2017

abstract: Wireless sensor networks are important for a variety of today's applications and a high impact in the domains of Internet of Things (IoT) smart grids, smart dust and industrial wireless networks can be expected for the coming years. Even if constantly new created protocols try to achieve common standards, the interoperability remains still a big problem. In this work we propose a new approach, in which we abstract existing protocols in a unified application programming interface (API) realizing a transparent protocol. The proposed API provides the same functions for different platforms and can be easily implemented to operate with several communication solutions. For proof of concept, the transparent protocol is developed, implemented and tested using two heterogeneous transceivers and communication protocols, which are ZigBee and Xbee. Both solutions are accessed using the same program. The data of heterogeneous endpoints is extracted, stored in a common database and visualized in a shared front end.
author_names: Martin Gotz

Olfa Kanoun
title: Transparent Protocol for Interoperability in Wireless Sensor Networks
venue: 2018 International Conference on Advances in Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD)
year: 2018

abstract: Display Omitted We measure and model the path loss for wireless links in low voltage substations.No effect of EMI on Zigbee links is normally observed in high voltage substations.The probability of unsuccessful polling transactions Put is analytically studied.Sending multiple copies of data by WiFi 5GHz transmitters achieves near zero Put. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems currently use the polling technique for monitoring electric utility networks. Unfortunately, conventional SCADA systems do not suit the needs of smart grids in terms of the required data rate. Polling based wireless networks can extend the capabilities of SCADA systems as they provide low cost transceivers and bounded packet delay. However, the harsh environment of power stations negatively impacts the performance of wireless links. This paper introduces a field measurement based study that focuses on the effect of power system noise and transients on packet delivery reliability of Zigbee and WiFi polling based wireless networks. Extensive experiments show that the electromagnetic interference emitted from high voltage substations, during normal operation conditions, do not significantly affect wireless communication in the gigahertz range. Moreover, we analytically and experimentally demonstrate that abnormal operation conditions of power systems may negatively impact the reliability of packet delivery in polling based wireless networks. Furthermore, we show that this negative impact can be mitigated by following some proposed technical considerations regarding the wireless standard, the operating frequency, the location, and the number of wireless transceivers used.
author_names: Atef Abdrabou

Ahmed M Gaouda
title: Considerations for packet delivery reliability over polling based wireless networks in smart grids
venue: Comput. Electr. Eng.
year: 2015