Query: Towards a propagation model for wireless biomedical applications

Candidate papers:

abstract: Propagation model plays a very important role in designing wireless communication systems. Current advances in semiconductor technology has made it possible to implant a network of bio sensors inside the human body for health monitoring purposes [C. Furse, H.K. Lai, C. Estes, A. Mahadik, A. Duncan, 1999] [C. Furse, R. Mohan, A. Jakayar, S. Karidehal, B. McCleod, S. Going, 2001] [L. Schwiebert, S.K.S. Gupta, P.S.G. Auner, G. Abrams, R. Lezzi, P. McAlister, 2002] For wireless communication inside the human body, the tissue medium acts as a channel through which the information is sent as electromagnetic (EM) radio frequency (RF) waves. A propagation model is necessary to determine the losses involved in the form of absorption of EM wave power by the tissue. Absorption of EM waves by the tissue body, which consists of mostly saline water, accounts for a major portion of the propagation loss. In this paper we present a propagation loss model (PMBA) for homogeneous tissue bodies. We have verified the model for the frequency range of our interest (900 MHz to 3 GHz) using a 3D EM simulation software, HFSS/spl trade/ and experimental measurements using saturated salt water.
author_names: S Gupta

Suresh Lalwani

Yashwanth Prakash

El-Badawy A El-Sharawy

L Schwiebert
title: Towards a propagation model for wireless biomedical applications
venue: IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03.
year: 2003

abstract: Massive expansion of wireless body area networks (WBANs) in the field of health monitoring applications has given rise to the generation of huge amount of biomedical data. Ensuring privacy and security of this very personal data serves as a major hurdle in the development of these systems. An effective and energy friendly authentication algorithm is, therefore, a necessary requirement for current WBANs. Conventional authentication algorithms are often implemented on higher levels of the Open System Interconnection model and require advanced software or major hardware upgradation. This paper investigates the implementation of a physical layer security algorithm as an alternative. The algorithm is based on the behavior fingerprint developed using the wireless channel characteristics. The usability of the algorithm is established through experimental results, which show that this authentication method is not only effective, but also very suitable for the energy resource and interface limited WBAN medical applications.
author_names: Nan Zhao

Aifeng Ren

Masood Ur Rehman

Zhiya Zhang

Xiaodong Yang

Fangming Hu
title: Biometric Behavior Authentication Exploiting Propagation Characteristics of Wireless Channel
venue: IEEE Access
year: 2016

abstract: Wireless Nano sensor Networks (WNSNs) are enabling advanced nanotechnology applications in the medical, industrial, biomedical, military, and environmental fields. Nano devices communicate in the Terahertz band and provide a very large transmission bit rate at the cost of high propagation delay resulting in a short communication distance due to Terahertz band peculiarities. Thus, classical MAC protocols cannot be used. This paper proposes an energy aware Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for WNSNs in the Terahertz band to synchronize the nano devices communication. The proposed communication scheme is based on a Time spread on off keying (TS OOK) It's also based on active transmitter nodes transmitting their packets in an interleaving way on a symbol basis to their relay receivers in the neighbour grid based on the calculated CTR value. The performance of the proposed model is analytically analysed in terms of consumed energy, probability of collisions, transmission delay and network throughput. The results show that the proposed grid based MAC can increase the transmitter throughput by efficiently utilizing the very large terahertz band.
author_names: Rawan Alsheikh

Nadine Akkari Adra

Etimad A Fadel
title: Grid Based Energy Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Nanosensor Network
venue: 2016 8th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS)
year: 2016

abstract: There are several applications of wireless electronic components with little or no ambient energy available to harvest, yet wireless battery charging for such systems is still of great interest. Example applications range from biomedical implants to sensors located in hazardous environments. Energy transfer based on the propagation of acoustic waves at ultrasonic frequencies is a recently explored alternative that offers increased transmitter receiver distance, reduced loss and the elimination of electromagnetic fields. As this research area receives growing attention, there is an increased need for fully coupled model development to quantify the energy transfer characteristics, with a focus on the transmitter, receiver, medium, geometric and material parameters. We present multiphysics modeling and case studies of the contactless ultrasonic energy transfer for wireless electronic components submerged in fluid. The source is a pulsating sphere, and the receiver is a piezoelectric bar operating in the 33 mode of piezoelectricity with a fundamental resonance frequency above the audible frequency range. The goal is to quantify the electrical power delivered to the load (connected to the receiver) in terms of the source strength. Both the analytical and finite element models have been developed for the resulting acoustic piezoelectric structure interaction problem. Resistive and resistive inductive electrical loading cases are presented, and optimality conditions are discussed. Broadband power transfer is achieved by optimal resistive reactive load tuning for performance enhancement and frequency wise robustness. Significant enhancement of the power output is reported due to the use of a hard piezoelectric receiver (PZT 8) instead of a soft counterpart (PZT 5H) as a result of reduced material damping. The analytical multiphysics modeling approach given in this work can be used to predict and optimize the coupled system dynamics with very good accuracy and dramatically improved computational efficiency compared to the use of commercial finite element packages.
author_names: Shima Shahab

Alper Erturk
title: Contactless ultrasonic energy transfer for wireless systems: acoustic piezoelectric structure interaction modeling and performance enhancement
year: 2014

abstract: We present a wireless sensor network, deployed and tested for real aircraft applications. By employing IEEE 802.15.4 2011 UWB compliant transceivers, with a time slotted channel access protocol, characteristics of indoor propagation are studied. A test setup in an aircraftas empty passenger cabin is presented and wireless channel features are analysed. Specifically, coherence time and shadowing are determined, which constitute the fundamental step for retrieving a generalized channel model.
author_names: Daniel Neuhold

Jorge F Schmidt

Udo Schilcher

Gunther Brandner

Christian Bettstetter

Jirka Klaue

Dominic A Schupke
title: Poster: Towards an Ultra wide Band Sensor Network for Aircraft Applications
venue: EWSN
year: 2016

abstract: To provide better care to the people, who are living in rural areas and whoever in need of emergency medical care, it becomes essential to develop remote monitoring health care applications. Body Area Networks (BAN) that are formed with wearable or implanted wireless sensor devices will play an important role to achieve the above task. Since the communication in BAN is of short communication distance and higher data rate, the Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio signals make themselves as the right candidates due to their inherent characteristics. This requires more research in design and development of UWB transceivers, especially for implantable biomedical devices. This paper proposes a UWB antenna design and a numerical channel model to predetermine the path loss characteristics of an onbody to in body channel in UWB. The proposed model has been developed using ray tracing procedures and includes the antenna polarization and radiation pattern. In addition, the predicted results have been validated by measurements conducted with honey based liquid phantoms.
author_names: A Priya

S Kaja Mohideen

P Thirumaraiselvan
title: Propagation Losses of UWB Antenna for on Body to in Body Signal Propagation
year: 2018

abstract: The proliferation of radio communication systems and the significant advances in enabling device technologies are paving towards Internet of Things (IoT) and opening new horizons for Smart City applications and its services. Such evolution becomes essential in order to enhance quality of urban services, to reduce costs, and to engage citizens more actively. In this context, novel simulation tools are required to prepare the future deployments of large scale IoT infras tructure for Smart cities in the best conditions in terms of reliability, energy consumption, and cost. This keynote session presents the CupCarbon1 framework: a platform for designing smart city and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks (SCIWSN) CupCarbon aims to provide following benefits that makes it significant from the other conventional wireless sensor network simulators. (1) provides modeling and simulation of radio propagation channel and alpha stable noise based interferences in more realistic way, (2) takes into account the deployment environment and quantify the uncertainty of simulations, (3) allows the representation of mobile nodes and dynamic environments, (4) allows the behavioural study of a network or networks with large number of nodes in practical environments (city, mountain, etc. The CupCarbon simulator allows it's user to design, visualize, debug and validate distributed algorithms for monitoring environmental data collections of wireless sensor network. It creates environmental scenarios such as fires, gas, mobiles, and generally within educational and scientific projects. It offers two different simulation environments. First is a multi agent environment that enables the design of mobility scenarios and the generation of events such as fires and gas as well as the simulation of mobile nodes. Second environment represents a discrete event simulation of wireless sensor networks which also takes into account the scenario designed on the basis of the first environment. Interference models based on the impulsive nature of noise and outdoor propagation models are embedded within Cup Carbon to provide more realistic analysis of WSNs for smart city applications. These models are associated with spatial zones according to the electromagnetic interactions.
author_names: Ahcene Bounceur
title: CupCarbon: A New Platform for Designing and Simulating Smart City and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks (SCI WSN)
venue: ICC 2016
year: 2016

abstract: As the era of Bioelectronic medicines (BEms) evolves, new technological challenges are generated, including miniaturized devices that are encapsulated with flexible materials and energized by wireless power transmission (WPT) techniques. Among them, magnetostatic, also known as inductive, and ultrasound (US) are the most viable candidates for shallow and deep applications, respectively. However, the conductive nature of the human tissue with high relative permittivity increases the parasitic components of the printed spiral coils (PSCs) while the acoustic impedance mismatch between the tissue and ultrasound transducers leads to power losses in the WPT link. This study focuses on the influence of biocompatible, soft, polymeric materials, such as polydimethyloxane (PDMS) and Parylene C, on the electrical behaviour of the aforementioned externally powered receivers. Unlike previous works, this investigation includes the high gas permeability property of polymers, predicting the electrical impact of moisture absorption. Analytical and simulation models are utilized to discriminate the effect of various packaging schemes and to relate their influence on the WPT link efficiency. Lastly, empirical measurements in air and saline aim to verify the proposed methods. Early modelling results demonstrate that when a PSC is encapsulated with 50 mm PDMS and submerged into saline, its resonance frequency and quality factor are decreased by 3.6% and 34.2% respectively. That renders the maximum theoretical WPT link efficiency to be reduced by 9% compared to free space propagation in air. Interestingly, when the coating thickness increases to 500mm, the WPT link efficiency drops only by 2.4% In the case of US, similar effects are predicted, yet the influence of the coating materials will be different. More specifically, their acoustic impedance decreases the US transducers' natural frequency of vibration and mechanical quality factor, due to the effect of added mass. In addition, when the coating thickness increases towards the wavelength of the incident US wave inside the material, the aforementioned effects become more evident. The outcome of this study aims to address the contributing factors on the WPT link power losses from the electronics packaging perspective and to suggest on how the effect of the surrounding medium could be mitigated, improving the WPT link efficiency.
author_names: Anastasios E Malissovas

Wouter A Serdijn

Vasiliki Giagka
title: The influence of soft encapsulation materials on the wireless power transfer links efficiency
year: 2019

abstract: This summary of advances from the calendar year 2001 covers a wide range of technologies and clinical developments across the multidisciplinary field of medical ultrasound. People unfamiliar with the field sometimes assume that research in medical ultrasound is solely focused on diagnostic imaging. Indeed, this year's report demonstrates much progress toward improved diagnostic imaging (through the fat as an aberrating medium, mapping 3D blood flow, echocardiography for coronary artery disease, and others) However, there are also many important developments in therapeutic applications (e.g. ultrasound enhancement of fibrinolysis) and in understanding the important health and safety issues of high frequency ultrasound (e.g. response to tissues and contrast agents containing gas) The Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound (RCBU) has, over the years, been a steady generating source of fundamental concepts and innovations. Many of today's most exciting developments contrast agents and nonlinear techniques have a scientific history that includes benchmark experiments at the University of Rochester. This year's RCBU annual report documents continued progress across broad fronts, from the fundamentals of tissue ultrasound interactions, to therapeutic actions, to advanced diagnostic techniques. We welcome your comments on any of the enclosed reports. Ultrasound use is growing on all fronts at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) The RCBU comprises several clinical areas. Reports from the four largest ultrasound divisions are provided below. Edward Messing from Urology contributed to these reports. Cardiology Approximately 11,000 patients were seen in the Echocardiography Laboratory in 2001. There has been an increase in the use of ultrasound guided pericardiocentesis by the Echocardiography Laboratory for procedures that were previously done in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. Studies continued with contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging specifically, stress echocardiography for left ventricle chamber enhancement. Ten to fifteen percent of patients referred to the Echo Laboratory had contrast stress echocardiography because of non diagnostic or limited diagnostic non contrasted resting harmonic two dimensional (2D) images. The contrast enhanced stress test was 95 percent successful in patients who could not be diagnosed properly without contrast. In addition, a database was developed using Pronto software to improve scheduling and billing, as well as to streamline documentation in a wireless environment. At present, there are over 125,000 patient records in the database. This database will be used in Cardiology, Vascular Surgery, and some outside clinics. Obstetrics and Gynecology The OB/GYN Ultra sound Unit continued expansion of its telemedicine services in 2001. Now covering Strong Memorial Hospital Highland
author_names: Kevin J Parker

Karl Schwarz From Cardiology

Eva Pressman From Obstetrics

Jonathan Ophir

Morton W Miller

T Douglas Mast

Laurent Souriau

D -L D Liu

Makoto Tabei

Adrian I Nachman

Robert C Waag

James C Lacefield

Valentina N Suchkova

Edwin L Carstensen

Charles W Francis

N A H K Rao

Maria Helguera

Monica Barbu-McInnis

Naoyuki Yokoyama

Karl Q Schwarz

Xucai Chen

Sherry D Steinmetz

Harald Becher

Christina Schimpky

Reinhard Schlief
title: Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound 2001 Annual Report Research Biophysical Bases of Pulsed Ultrasound Bioeffects (nci) and Ultrasound induced Hyperthermic Teratogenicity (nichhd) 4 a K space Method for Large scale Models of Wave Propagation in Tissue 5 Time shift Estimation and Focusing thro

abstract: Epidermal electronic systems, which conformally adhere to human skin, are a promising technology for wearable biomedical applications. Within these systems, the wireless components are made stretchable by translating solid traces into serpentine mesh patterns, which enable lateral spring like mechanics. To ensure robust performance, there is a need to further study the impact of the serpentine mesh geometry and its stretching mechanics on microwave propagation. In this paper, we evaluate these impacts by modeling serpentine mesh traces in a microstrip system and extracting the corresponding effective transmission line parameters. The parameters are extracted by fitting full wave results to an equivalent transmission line model. By demonstrating how the serpentine geometry and mechanics affect the power attenuation, electrical length, and impedance of microwave components, we provide a crucial step forward in the development of hiah nerformance wireless wearable electronics.
author_names: Tammy Chang

Jonathan A Fan

T -H Lee
title: Evaluating the Microwave Performance of Epidermal Electronics with Equivalent Transmission Line Modeling
venue: 2018 IEEE International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC)
year: 2018