Query: Electrically driven silicon resonant light emitting device based on slot-waveguide

Candidate papers:

abstract: An all silicon in plane micron size electrically driven resonant cavity light emitting device (RCLED) based on slotted waveguide is proposed and modeled. The device consists of a microring resonator formed by Si/SiO2 slot waveguide with a low index electroluminescent material (erbium doped SiO2) in the slot region. The geometry of the slot waveguide permits the definition of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) configuration for the electrical excitation of the active material. Simulations predict a quality factor Q of 6,700 for a 20 microm radius electrically driven microring RCLED capable to operate at a very low bias current of 0.75 nA. Lasing conditions are also discussed.
author_names: Carlos Angulo Barrios

Michal Lipson
title: Electrically driven silicon resonant light emitting device based on slot waveguide.
venue: Optics express
year: 2005

abstract: Silicon photonics could enable a chip scale platform for monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for applications of optical interconnects in which high data streams are required in a small footprint. This paper discusses mechanisms in silicon photonics for waveguiding, modulating, light amplification, and emission. These mechanisms, together with recent advances of fabrication techniques, have enabled the demonstration of ultracompact passive and active silicon photonic components with very low loss.
author_names: Michal Lipson
title: Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on Silicon challenges and opportunities
venue: Journal of Lightwave Technology
year: 2005

abstract: We examine the current performance and future demands of interconnects to and on silicon chips. We compare electrical and optical interconnects and project the requirements for optoelectronic and optical devices if optics is to solve the major problems of interconnects for future high performance silicon chips. Optics has potential benefits in interconnect density, energy, and timing. The necessity of low interconnect energy imposes low limits especially on the energy of the optical output devices, with a 10 fJ/bit device energy target emerging. Some optical modulators and radical laser approaches may meet this requirement. Low (e.g. a few femtofarads or less) photodetector capacitance is important. Very compact wavelength splitters are essential for connecting the information to fibers. Dense waveguides are necessary on chip or on boards for guided wave optical approaches, especially if very high clock rates or dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is to be avoided. Free space optics potentially can handle the necessary bandwidths even without fast clocks or WDM. With such technology, however, optics may enable the continued scaling of interconnect capacity required by future chips.
author_names: David A B Miller
title: Device Requirements for Optical Interconnects to Silicon Chips
venue: Proceedings of the IEEE
year: 2009

abstract: A theoretical investigation of silicon on insulator nanometer slot waveguides for highly sensitive and compact chemical and biochemical integrated optical sensing is proposed. Slot guiding structures enabling high optical confinement in a low index very small region are demonstrated to be very sensitive to either cover medium refractive index change or deposited receptor layer thickness increase. Modal and confinement properties of slot waveguides have been investigated, considering also the influence of fabrication tolerances. Waveguide sensitivity has been calculated and compared with that exhibited by other silicon nanometer guiding structures, such as rib or wire waveguides, or with experimental values in literature.
author_names: Francesco Dell'Olio

Vittorio M N Passaro
title: Optical sensing by optimized silicon slot waveguides.
venue: Optics express
year: 2007

abstract: Integrated optical circuits based on silicon on insulator technology are likely to become the mainstay of the photonics industry. Over recent years an impressive range of silicon on insulator devices has been realized, including waveguides1,2, filters3,4 and photonic crystal devices5. However, silicon based all optical switching is still challenging owing to the slow dynamics of two photon generated free carriers. Here we show that silicon organic hybrid integration overcomes such intrinsic limitations by combining the best of two worlds, using mature CMOS processing to fabricate the waveguide, and molecular beam deposition to cover it with organic molecules that efficiently mediate all optical interaction without introducing significant absorption. We fabricate a 4 mm long silicon organic hybrid waveguide with a record nonlinearity coefficient of g 1 x 105 W 1 km 1 and perform all optical demultiplexing of 170.8 Gb s 1 to 42.7 Gb s 1. This is to the best of our knowledge the fastest silicon photonic optical signal processing demonstrated. A silicon organic hybrid slot waveguide with a strong optical nonlinearity is demonstrated to perform ultrafast all optical demultiplexing of high bit rate data streams. The approach could form the basis of compact high speed optical processing units for future communication networks.
author_names: Christian Koos

P Vorreau

T Vallaitis

Pieter Dumon

Wim Bogaerts

Roel Baets

Bweh Esembeson

Ivan Biaggio

Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Francois Diederich

Wolfgang Freude

Juerg Leuthold
title: All optical high speed signal processing with silicon organic hybrid slot waveguides
year: 2009

abstract: High index contrast, wavelength scale structures are key to ultracompact integration of photonic integrated circuits. The fabrication of these nanophotonic structures in silicon on insulator using complementary metal oxide semiconductor processing techniques, including deep ultraviolet lithography, was studied. It is concluded that this technology is capable of commercially manufacturing nanophotonic integrated circuits. The possibilities of photonic wires and photonic crystal waveguides for photonic integration are compared. It is shown that, with similar fabrication techniques, photonic wires perform at least an order of magnitude better than photonic crystal waveguides with respect to propagation losses. Measurements indicate propagation losses as low as 0.24 dB/mm for photonic wires but 7.5 dB/mm for photonic crystal waveguides.
author_names: Wim Bogaerts

Roel Baets

Pieter Dumon

Vincent Wiaux

S Beckx

Dirk Taillaert

Bert Luyssaert

Joris Van Campenhout

Peter Bienstman

Dries van Thourhout
title: Nanophotonic waveguides in silicon on insulator fabricated with CMOS technology
venue: Journal of Lightwave Technology
year: 2005

abstract: We present a computing microsystem that uniquely leverages the bandwidth, density, and latency advantages of silicon photonic interconnect to enable highly compact supercomputer scale systems. We describe and justify single node and multinode systems interconnected with wavelength routed optical links, quantify their benefits vis a vis electrically connected systems, analyze the constituent optical component and system requirements, and provide an overview of the critical technologies needed to fulfill this system vision. This vision calls for more than a hundredfold reduction in energy to communicate an optical bit of information. We explore the power dissipation of a photonic link, suggest a roadmap to lower the energy per bit of silicon photonic interconnects, and identify the challenges that will be faced by device and circuit designers towards this goal.
author_names: Ashok V Krishnamoorthy

Ron Ho

Xuezhe Zheng

Herb Schwetman

Jon K Lexau

Pranay Koka

Guoliang Li

Ivan Shubin

John E Cunningham
title: Computer Systems Based on Silicon Photonic Interconnects
venue: Proceedings of the IEEE
year: 2009

abstract: It is known that light can be slowed down in dispersive materials near resonances. Dramatic reduction of the light group velocity and even bringing light pulses to a complete halt has been demonstrated recently in various atomic and solid state systems, where the material absorption is cancelled via quantum optical coherent effects. Exploitation of slow light phenomena has potential for applications ranging from all optical storage to all optical switching. Existing schemes, however, are restricted to the narrow frequency range of the material resonance, which limits the operation frequency, maximum data rate and storage capacity. Moreover, the implementation of external lasers, low pressures and/or low temperatures prevents miniaturization and hinders practical applications. Here we experimentally demonstrate an over 300 fold reduction of the group velocity on a silicon chip via an ultra compact photonic integrated circuit using low loss silicon photonic crystal waveguides that can support an optical mode with a submicrometre cross section. In addition, we show fast ~100 ns) and efficient (2 mW electric power) active control of the group velocity by localized heating of the photonic crystal waveguide with an integrated micro heater.
author_names: Yurii A Vlasov

Martin P O'Boyle

Hendrik F Hamann

S Mcnab
title: Active control of slow light on a chip with photonic crystal waveguides
venue: Nature
year: 2005

abstract: We investigate the light emission properties of electrical dipole emitters inside 2 dimensional (2D) and 3 dimensional (3D) silicon slot waveguides and evaluate the spontaneous emission enhancement (F(p) and waveguide coupling ratio (beta) Under realistic conditions, we find that greater than 10 fold enhancement in F(p) can be achieved, together with a beta as large as 0.95. In contrast to the case of high Q optical resonators, such performance enhancements are obtained over a broad wavelength region, which can cover the entire emission spectrum of popular optical dopants such as Er. The enhanced luminescence efficiency and the strong coupling into a limited set of well defined waveguide modes enables a new class of power efficient, CMOS compatible, waveguide based light sources.
author_names: Young Chul Jun

Ryan M Briggs

Harry A Atwater

Mark L Brongersma
title: Broadband enhancement of light emission in silicon slot waveguides.
venue: Optics express
year: 2009

abstract: We demonstrate a 20 mum radius disk resonator based on Si/SiO2 slot waveguide. Quality factors around 1,000 are measured. Low effective refractive index evidences light guiding in the low index SiO2 layer.
author_names: Carlos Angulo Barrios

Q Xu

Jagat Shakya

Christina Manolatou

Michal Lipson
title: Compact silicon slot waveguide disk resonator
venue: 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
year: 2006