Query: Quantum computing with exciton-polariton condensates

Candidate papers:

abstract: Exciton polariton condensates have attractive features for quantum computation, e.g. room temperature operation, high dynamical speed, ease of probe, and existing fabrication techniques. Here, we present a complete theoretical scheme of quantum computing with exciton polariton condensates formed in semiconductor micropillars. Quantum fluctuations on top of the condensates are shown to realize qubits, which are externally controllable by applied laser pulses. Quantum tunneling and nonlinear interactions between the condensates allow SWAP, square root SWAP and controlled NOT gate operations between the qubits.
author_names: Sanjib Ghosh

Timothy C H Liew
title: Quantum computing with exciton polariton condensates
year: 2020

abstract: Josephson junctions are the basis for the most sensitive magnetic flux detectors, the definition of the unit volt by the Josephson voltage standard, and superconducting digital and quantum computing. They result from the coupling of two coherent quantum states, as they occur in superconductors, superfluids, atomic Bose Einstein condensates, and exciton polariton condensates. In their ground state, Josephson junctions are characterised by an intrinsic phase jump. Controlling this phase jump is fundamental for applications in computing. Here, we experimentally demonstrate controllable phase relations between photon Bose Einstein condensates resulting from particle exchange in a thermo optically tunable potential landscape. Our experiment realises an optical analogue of a controllable 0,\pi$ Josephson junction. By connecting several junctions, we can study a reconfigurable 4 condensate system demonstrating the potential of our approach for analog spin glass simulation. More generally, the combination of static and dynamic nanostructuring techniques introduced in our work offers a powerful platform for the implementation of adaptive optical systems for paraxial light in and outside of thermal equilibrium.
author_names: Mario Vretenar

Ben Kassenberg

Shivan Bissesar

Chris Toebes

Jan Klaers
title: Controllable Josephson junction for photon Bose Einstein condensates
venue: Physical Review Research
year: 2021

abstract: Quantum gases of atoms and exciton polaritons are now well established theoretical and experimental tools for fundamental studies of quantum many body physics and suggest promising applications to quantum computing. Given their technological complexity, it is of paramount interest to devise other systems where such quantum many body physics can be investigated at lesser technological expense. Here we examine a relatively well known system of laser light propagating through thermo optical defocusing media: based on a hydrodynamic description of light as a quantum fluid of interacting photons, we investigate such systems as a valid room temperature alternative to atomic or exciton polariton condensates for studies of many body physics. First, we show that by using a technique traditionally used in oceanography it is possible to perform a direct measurement of the single particle part of the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations on top of the photon fluid and to detect its global flow. Then, using a pump and probe setup, we investigate the dispersion of excitation modes of the fluid: for very long wavelengths, a sonic, dispersionless propagation is observed that we interpret as a signature of superfluid behavior.
author_names: David Vocke

Thomas Roger

Francesco Marino

Ewan M Wright

Iacopo Carusotto

Matteo Clerici

Daniele Faccio
title: Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids
year: 2014

abstract: Quantum gases of atoms and exciton polaritons are nowadays a well established theoretical and experimental tool for fundamental studies of quantum many body physics and suggest promising applications to quantum computing. Given their technological complexity, it is of paramount interest to devise other systems where such quantum many body physics can be investigated at a lesser technological expense. Here we examine a relatively well known system of laser light propagating through thermo optical defocusing media: based on a hydrodynamical description of light as a quantum fluid of interacting photons, we investigate such systems as a valid, room temperature alternative to atomic or exciton polariton condensates for studies of many body physics. First, we show that by using a technique traditionally used in oceanography, it is possible to perform a direct measurement of the single particle part of the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations on top of the photon fluid and to detect its global flow. Then, using a pump and probe set up, we investigate the collective nature of low wavevector sound modes of the fluid and observe signatures of superfluid behaviour.
author_names: David Vocke

Thomas Roger

Francesco Marino

Ewan M Wright

Iacopo Carusotto

Matteo Clerici

Daniele Faccio
title: Experimental characterisation of nonlocal photon superfluids
year: 2015

abstract: We investigate theoretically the quantum oscillator like states recently observed experimentally in polariton condensates. We consider a complex Gross Pitaevskii type model that includes the effects of self interactions, and creation and decay of exciton polaritons. We develop a perturbation theory for approximate solutions to this non equilibrium condensate model and compare the results with numerically calculated solutions for both repulsive and attractive polariton polariton interactions. While the nonlinearity has a weak effect on the mode selection, the condensate density profiles are modified at moderate gain strengths. We find the nonlinearity becomes more dominant when a very large gain of polaritons leads to an extended cloud with high condensate densities. Finally, we identify the relation of the observed patterns to the input pump configuration, and suggest this may serve as a generalized NOR gate in the tradition of optical computing.
author_names: Florian Pinsker

Tristram J Alexander
title: Nonlinear eigenmodes of a non equilibrium harmonic oscillator
venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
year: 2015

abstract: Recently, the two dimensional nanocavity exciton polariton system confined in semiconductor nanocavities has emerged as a promising alternative of BoseEinstein Condensate (BEC) The strong quantum correlations presents in this system, make it an unique candidate for studying entanglement and quantum phase transitions qualitative changes in the ground state properties In this work, we review previous evidence, obtained by us, in the phase transitions of a finite exciton polariton system. First, by using a BCS wave function to compute the ground state energy of N excitons without the photonic field, a crossover from the high density electron hole phase to the BCS excitonic phase is found, at a density which is roughly four times the close packing density of excitons. Second, by means of a self consistent procedure with a trial function composed of a coherent photon field and a BCS function for the electron hole pairs, we obtain the scaling of the critical temperature with the number of polaritons. Using the method proposed originally by Olliver and Zurek, and subsequently developed by Bo Li and Zhi Xi Wang we calculate the discord for a generalized density operator, proposed by Blaizot
author_names: G Guirales

Boris A Rodriguez

Herbert Vinck Posada
title: BETWEEN QUANTUM CORRELATIONS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS IN AN EXCITON POLARITON BEC CONFINED IN A NANOCAVITY
year: 2013

abstract: Coupling matter excitations to electromagnetic modes inside nano scale optical resonators leads to the formation of hybrid light matter states, so called polaritons, allowing the controlled manipulation of material properties. Here, we investigate the photo induced dynamics of a prototypical strongly coupled molecular exciton microcavity system using broadband two dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy and unravel the mechanistic details of its ultrafast photo induced dynamics. We find evidence for a direct energy relaxation pathway from the upper to the lower polariton state that initially bypasses the excitonic manifold of states, which is often assumed to act as an intermediate energy reservoir, under certain experimental conditions. This observation provides new insight into polariton photophysics and could potentially aid the development of applications that rely on controlling the energy relaxation mechanism, such as in solar energy harvesting, manipulating chemical reactivity, the creation of Bose Einstein condensates and quantum computing. Recent spectroscopic studies have elucidated light matter interactions in exciton polaritons at room temperature, yet their precise excited state dynamics remain unclear. Here, broadband 2D Fourier transform spectroscopy reveals the relaxation between polaritonic states and the role of dark states.
author_names: Lars Mewes

Mao Wang

Rebecca A Ingle

Karl Borjesson

Majed Chergui
title: Energy relaxation pathways between light matter states revealed by coherent two dimensional spectroscopy
year: 2020

abstract: The universal critical behavior of the driven dissipative non equilibrium Bose Einstein condensation transition is investigated employing the field theoretical renormalization group method. Such criticality may be realized in broad ranges of driven open systems on the interface of quantum optics and many body physics, from exciton polariton condensates to cold atomic gases. The starting point is a noisy and dissipative Gross Pitaevski equation corresponding to a complex valued Landau Ginzburg functional, which captures the near critical non equilibrium dynamics, and generalizes Model A for classical relaxational dynamics with non conserved order parameter. We confirm and further develop the physical picture previously established by means of a functional renormalization group study of this system. Complementing this earlier numerical analysis, we analytically compute the static and dynamical critical exponents at the condensation transition to lowest non trivial order in the dimensional epsilon expansion about the upper critical dimension d_c 4, and establish the emergence of a novel universal scaling exponent associated with the non equilibrium drive. We also discuss the corresponding situation for a conserved order parameter field, i.e. (sub )diffusive Model B with complex coefficients.
author_names: Uwe Claus Tauber

Sebastian Diehl
title: Perturbative Field Theoretical Renormalization Group Approach to Driven Dissipative Bose Einstein Criticality
year: 2013

abstract: The two main predictions of quantum field theory in curved space time, namely Hawking radiation and cosmological pair production, have not been directly tested and involve ultra high energy configurations. As a consequence, they should be considered with caution. Using the analogy with condensed matter systems put forward by Unruh, their analogue versions could be tested in the lab. Moreover, the high energy behavior of these systems is known and involved dispersion and dissipation, which regulate the theory at short distances. When considering experiments which aim to test the above predictions, the thermal noise will contaminate the outcome. Indeed, there will be a competition between the stimulated emission from thermal noise and the spontaneous emission out of vacuum. In order to measure the quantum analogue Hawking radiation, or the analogue pair production also called dynamical Casimir effect, one should thus compute the consequences of ultraviolet dispersion and dissipation, and identify observables able to establish that the spontaneous emission took place. In this thesis, we first analyze the effects of dispersion and dissipation on both Hawking radiation and pair particle production. To get explicit results, we work in the context of de Sitter space. Using the extended symmetries of the theory in such a background, exact results are obtained. These are then transposed to the context of black holes using the correspondence between de Sitter space and the black hole near horizon region. To introduce dissipation, we consider an exactly solvable model producing any decay rate. In such a model, the field is linearly coupled to an environment containing a dense set of degrees of freedom. We also study the quantum entanglement of the particles so produced. In a second part, we consider explicit condensed matter systems, namely Bose Einstein condensates and exciton polariton systems. We analyze the effects of dissipation on entanglement produced by the dynamical Casimir effect. As a final step, we study the entanglement of Hawking radiation in the presence of dispersion for a generic analogue system.
author_names: Xavier Busch
title: Dispersive and dissipative effects in quantum field theory in curved space time to modelize condensed matter systems
year: 2014

abstract: We consider theoretically nonlinear effects in a semiconductor quantum well embedded inside a photonic microcavity. Two photon absorption by a 2p exciton state is considered and investigated; the matrix element of two photon absorption is calculated. We compute the emission spectrum of the sample and demonstrate that under coherent pumping the nonlinearity of the two photon absorption process gives rise to bistability. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.1450) Bistability; (190.4180) Multiphoton processes. References and links 1. J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M. H. Szymanska, R. Andre, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si Dang,"Bose Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons," Nature 443, 409 414 (2006) 2. R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. 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author_names: A A Pervishko

Timothy C H Liew

V M Kovalev

I G Savenko

Ivan Andreevich Shelykh
title: Nonlinear effects in multiphoton polaritonics
year: 2013