Query:  nanocomposite materials: fabrication and its applications

Candidate papers:

abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most commonly used semiconductor materials for various applications, namely as photocatalysts, gas sensors, antimicrobial substances, and photovoltaic cells. The performance of the particles is greatly influenced by the morphology and the optical properties of the particles itself. To improve the performance of ZnO, one method which can be applied is by doping support with other semiconductor materials, such as TiO2. This is caused by electron transfers between ZnO and TiO2 which are able to enhance the stability of ZnO and the electron mobility of TiO2. Therefore, the electron hole recombination can be inhibited by this mechanism. Fabrication of ZnO TiO2 can be prepared by several methods, which is gas or liquid phases and solid phase. Spray pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, micro arc oxidation, electrospinning and electron beam evaporation are preparation method for gas phase synthesis, while sol gel, hydrothermal, precipitation, solution combustion, pulse plating, and wet impregnation are for liquid phases. In this study, the fabrication methods of ZnO TiO2 and its application have been reviewed as well as the factors that affect the morphology, performance, and the stability of ZnO TiO2 nanocomposite. This review is conducted by comparing the analysis results with their performances. It is clearly found that there is an optimum condition for obtaining the best photocatalytic performance by adjusting the ratio of ZnO to TiO2. Furthermore, ratio of ZnO:TiO2 concentration on antimicrobial activity shows a linear performance, and it is obviously observed that the ZnO TiO2 nanocomposite shows a better performance compared to the pristine ZnO or TiO2 in various applications. We believe that this review will provide valuable information and new insights into possible fabrication methods of ZnO TiO2 nanocomposite materials, which can be used in many applications.
author_names: K Kusdianto

D F Nugraha

A Sekarnusa

Suci Madhania

Siti Machmudah

Suminto Winardi
title: ZnO TiO2 nanocomposite materials: fabrication and its applications
year: 2021

abstract: Abstract The nanocomposite rods shows well known properties compared with nano structured materials for various applications like light emitting diodes, electron field emitters, solar cells, optoelectronics, sensors, transparent conductors and fabrication of nano devices. Present paper investigates the properties of ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite rods. The bi component of ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite rods was synthesized by microwave assisted method which is very simple, rapid and uniform in heating. The frequency of microwaves 2.45 GHz was used and temperature maintained 180 degC. Zinc acetate and titanium isopropoxide precursors were used in the preparation. The obtained ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite rods were annealed at 500 degC and 600 degC. ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite rods have been characterized by X ray Diffraction (XRD) for average crystallite size and phase of the composite material, Particle Size Analyser (PSA) for average particle size, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for morphology study, Energy Dispersive X ray Spectrometry (EDX) for elemental analysis, and Thermal Gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG DTA) for thermal property.
author_names: Ch Ashok

K Venkateswara Rao
title: ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite rods synthesized by microwave assisted method for humidity sensor application
year: 2014

abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been used in various applications because of its unique physical and chemical properties. Unfortunately, the performance of pristine ZnO is inhibited by electron hole recombination. The zinc oxide performance can be improved by metal doping to enhance its properties. This review paper provides summary of the synthesis and application of zinc oxide doped by silver (Ag) using different synthesis via gas phase methods. From this review, synthesis parameters that will affect the ZnO Ag nanoparticle and its application will be concluded. The gas phase synthesis methods include flame spray pyrolysis, spray pyrolysis, sputtering, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, electron beam evaporation, atomic layer deposition and electrospinning. It is clearly observed that the morphology, crystallinity, and performance of ZnO Ag nanocomposite is significantly affected by the fabrication method. The precursors used, spray rate, deposition rate, precursor concentration, deposition time, morphology of the nanoparticle and deposition or annealing temperature affect the performance capability of ZnO Ag. We believe that this review paper will provide valuable information and new insights into possible fabrication methods of ZnO Ag nanocomposite materials in the gas phase, which can be used for many applications as photocatalyst, anti microbial applications, catalyst for hydrogen production as well as in dye sensitized solar cells and gas sensors.
author_names: K Kusdianto

T D Sari

Maulana Agung Laksono

Suci Madhania

Suminto Winardi
title: Fabrication and application of ZnO Ag nanocomposite materials prepared by gas phase methods
year: 2021

abstract: The search for alternative energy sources has led us to develop solar energy as one of the primary solutions. Infallible Preparation of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) by Sol Gel technique then embedded into polystyrene (PS) with different ratios to fabricate PS/TiO2 nanocomposite for solar cell usage. The Crystalline framework of TiO2 and PS/TiO2 were investigated through X ray diffraction (XRD) in determining of its crystal size. UV Visible Spectroscopy gave the relation between the absorbance and wavelength of the materials. The evolution of electrical properties of PS/TiO2 nanocomposite is investigated to set the optimum parameter in fabrication PS/TiO2 as solar cell materials.The search for alternative energy sources has led us to develop solar energy as one of the primary solutions. Infallible Preparation of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) by Sol Gel technique then embedded into polystyrene (PS) with different ratios to fabricate PS/TiO2 nanocomposite for solar cell usage. The Crystalline framework of TiO2 and PS/TiO2 were investigated through X ray diffraction (XRD) in determining of its crystal size. UV Visible Spectroscopy gave the relation between the absorbance and wavelength of the materials. The evolution of electrical properties of PS/TiO2 nanocomposite is investigated to set the optimum parameter in fabrication PS/TiO2 as solar cell materials.
author_names: Maytham Qabel Hamzah

Abdullah Hasan Jabbar

Salim Oudah Mezan

Alaa Nihad Tuama

Mohd Arif Agam
title: Fabrications of PS/TiO2 nanocomposite for solar cells applications
year: 2019

abstract: TiO2, TiO2 ZnO (TZ) nanocomposite and PANI (Poly aniline) have been synthesized by simple sol gel and direct chemical method, respectively, for the application in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Structural, morphological and optical analyses were carried out using XRD, SEM, EDAX, PL and FTIR. PANI film has been fabricated for solid state DSSC. The photovoltaic performance has been checked for both liquid state and solid state in outdoor and indoor environmental condition. The results show that for TZ showed better performance compared to the monophasic TiO2. Stability test showed that the solid state DSSC shows a better stability under constant illumination. Liquid state DSSC loses its efficiency by about 52.5 while solid state to DSSC by about 13.3 after 5 h of constant illumination.
author_names: Bibha Boro

Biju Mani Rajbongshi

Sanjoy Kumar Samdarshi
title: Synthesis and fabrication of TiO2 ZnO nanocomposite based solid state dye sensitized solar cell
venue: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
year: 2016

abstract: Abstract Hydroxyapatite is the main inorganic component of bones and teeth. It has been extensively used as an implant material for bone substitute owing to its excellent biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite based composite materials shows significant properties in the field of biomedical applications. In our present work, Hydroxyapatite was synthesized via wet chemical precipitation reaction. Then four types of Hydroxyapatite based composites with 7.5 wt% each of Zinc oxide (ZnO) Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and Ceria (Ce2O) via conventional sintering. The density of these composite materials was measured experimentally by Archimedes principle and compared with the theoretical density. The porosity of each composite material is calculated. X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out to identify different phase. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis confirms the porosity. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to determine the ratio of different elements. The hardness of the composite materials was evaluated using Vickers' hardness tester. The compressive strength was evaluated using Compression test. It was observed that hardness and compressive strength of composite material increased with the addition of Fe2O3, ZnO, CeO2 and TiO2. However, the maximum value of hardness and compressive strength increased with the addition of Fe2O3 and were found to be 7.4 GPa and 406.3 MPa respectively. SEM micrographs clearly exhibit least porosity in HAP Fe2O3 samples which contributes to enhancement of mechanical properties.
author_names: Ranveer Singh Soni

Vinay Pratap Singh
title: Fabrication and experimental analysis of hydroxyapatite based composite materials for medical implants
year: 2020

abstract: Objective: The microbial, physico chemical and optical corruptions threaten a variety of foods and drugs and consequently the human biological safety and its accessible resources. The humanbeing's tendency towards bio based materials and natural plant extracts led to an increase in the usage of antimicrobial biocomposites based on medicinal herbs. Miswak (Salvadora persica L. extract (SPE) has been proved effective for its antimicrobial and other biological activities. Therefore, in this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (TONP) and SPE were applied to fabricate antimicrobial carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) based bio nanocomposites which would simultaneously promote some thermo physical and barrier properties. Methods: CMC neat film (C1) CMC/TONP 2% (C2) and CMC/TONP 2% with 150, 300 and 450 mg/mL SPE (SPE150, SPE30 and SPE450, respectively) were fabricated. The physical and mechanical properties; elemental mapping analysis (MAP) X ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA DTG) fourier transform infrared (FTIR) energy dispersive X ray (EDX) and UV vis spectroscopies were done to further validate the results. Results: Addition of TONP (2% improved the blocking of UV light at 280 nm while SPE containing nanocomposites completely blocked it. FTIR, XRD and SEM confirmed the formation of homogeneous films and high miscibility of applied materials. TONP led to an increase in Young's modulus (YM) and stress at break (SB) while SPE decreased them and enhanced the elongation to break (EB) (flexibility) of the active nanocomposites. Compared to CMC film, the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA DTG) showed a higher thermal stability for CMC/TONP and CMC/TONP/SPE nanocomposites. The EDX spectroscopy and elemental mapping analysis (MAP) proved the existence and well distributedness of Na, K, Cl, S, Ti, F and N elements in SPE activated nanocomposites. The pure SPE and SPE activated nanocomposites showed a favorable antimicrobial activity against both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Conclusion: The CMC TiO2 SPE nanocomposites were homogeneously produced. Combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and dose dependent SPE led to an improvement of thermal stability, and high potential in antimicrobial and UV barrier properties. These results can generally highlight the role of the fabricated antimicrobial bio nanocomposites as a based for different applications especially in food/drug packaging or coating.
author_names: Raman Ahmadi

Asghar Tanomand

Fahimeh Kazeminava

Fadhil S Kamounah

Ali Ayaseh

Khudaverdi Ganbarov

Mehdi Yousefi

Adib Katourani

Bahman Yousefi

Hossein Samadi kafil
title: Fabrication and characterization of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles reinforced bio nanocomposite containing Miswak (Salvadora persica L. extract the antimicrobial, thermo physical and barrier properties
venue: International journal of nanomedicine
year: 2019

abstract: The removal of heavy metal ions and organic materials from wastewater due to their toxicity is necessary. In the present study, the titanium dioxide/zinc oxide (TiO2 /ZnO) nanocomposite has been coated on the sewage sludge carbon (SSC) surface and its application was investigated for the adsorption of Ni(II) Cu(II) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) reduction from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewaters in Eshtehard, Iran. The effect of adsorption parameters in a single system such as TiO2 /ZnO ratio, TiO2 /ZnO concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, ionic strength, temperature, and initial concentrations of Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD was investigated on the adsorption capacity of synthesized SSC/TiO2 /ZnO adsorbent. The pseudo second order and Redlich Peterson isotherm models were best described the kinetic and equilibrium data of Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD sorption. The maximum monolayer sorption capacities of Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD were found to be 62.3, 75.1, and 1,120.3 mg/g, respectively. The central composite design was used to investigate the interaction effects of pH and initial concentrations of Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD on the simultaneous removal of Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD from aqueous solutions in a ternary system. The potential of synthesized SSC/TiO2 /ZnO adsorbent was investigated for Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD adsorption from industrial wastewaters of Iran. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The novel sewage sludge carbon/TiO2 /ZnO adsorbent was synthesized. Adsorption of Ni(II) Cu(II) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) from industrial wastewaters was investigated. Maximum Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD sorption capacities were 62.3, 75.1, and 1,120.3 mg/g. Simultaneous removal of Ni(II) Cu(II) and COD was investigated in a ternary system.
author_names: Mina Khosravi

Naser Mehrdadi

Gholam Reza Nabi Bidhendi

Majid Baghdadi
title: Synthesis of sewage sludge based carbon/TiO2 /ZnO nanocomposite adsorbent for the removal of Ni(II) Cu(II) and chemical oxygen demands from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater.
venue: Water environment research a research publication of the Water Environment Federation
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract ZnO nanomaterials with the stereochemical structure were becoming a research focus in the scope of photocatalytic materials, but the ZnO was sensitive to UV light rather than the solar light source, which considerably prohibited its extended application. ZnO nanomaterials coupled with other nanomaterials could generate the alternative composite heterojunction nanomaterials to promote the photocatalytic activity. Herein, we reported two facile and feasible synthesis methods to fabricate TiO2/ZnO cube nanocomposites and Ag/ZnO hollow spheres by hydrothermal reaction and chemical deposition, respectively. In this regard, these composited nanomaterials have been successfully fabricated with high purities, good morphology, and crystal structure. Noticeably, in contrast with TiO2/ZnO and Ag/ZnO bulk nanocomposites, the Ag/ZnO hollow spheres could offer the higher activity for RhB degradation under the visible light. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO for RhB degradation could be improved synergistically, and the effect of RhB degradation was highest when the Ag mass ratio was modulated at 10% in the sample. Furthermore, it remained a high photocatalytic efficiency even after four cycles. This protocol provided an approvable approach to fabricate efficient photocatalysts with persistent photostability in the wastewater treatment process. Graphical abstract
author_names: Yunfeng Liu
title: Fabrication of Ag/ZnO hollow nanospheres and cubic TiO2/ZnO heterojunction photocatalysts for RhB degradation
year: 2021

abstract: Abstract Recent developments in nanocomposites have attracted the interest of researchers in synthesizing nanocomposite based photoluminescent materials. Lanthanides have been studied extensively as photoluminescent materials especially the Europium, owing to their simple energy level diagram, long luminescence lifetime, high emission quantum yield, and narrow emission bands in the visible region. The major limitation of using Europium for its practical application as a luminescent material is its low absorption coefficient that prevents the direct excitation of the Eu3+ ions. To improve the absorption, Europium has been doped with Y2O3 due to its similar energy level scheme i.e. 5D2 and 5L6. In our work, we have prepared Europium doped Y2O3:TiO2 nanocomposite and investigated its structural, morphological, and optical properties using characterization tools such as X ray Diffraction (XRD) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) High resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HRTEM) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS) Elemental mapping, UV vis IR, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The material showed good optical properties and its application as a thermographic phosphor is studied via coating a NUV LED and observing the change in intensity with varying temperature under UV irradiation. The material can be used as a thermographic phosphor and even for the LED fabrication.
author_names: Aamir Ahmed

Anoop Singh

Asha Sharma

Sonali Verma

Sarika Mahajan

Sandeep Arya
title: Investigating the thermographical effect on optical properties of Eu doped Y2O3:TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized via sol gel method
year: 2021