Query:  Protein Detection with Field-Effect Transistors

Candidate papers:

abstract: Proteins mediate the bulk of biological activity and are powerfully assayed in the diagnosis of diseases. Protein detection relies largely on antibodies, which have significant technical limitations especially when immobilized on two dimensional surfaces. Here, we report the integration of peptide aptamers with extended gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) to achieve label free sub picomolar target protein detection. Specifically, peptide aptamers that recognize highly related protein partners of the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) family are immobilized on the transistor gate to enable human CDK2 to be detected at 100 fM or 5 pg/mL, well within the clinically relevant range. The target specificity, ease of fabrication, and scalability of these FET arrays further demonstrate the potential application of the multiplexable field effect format to protein sensing.
author_names: Pedro Estrela

Debjani Paul

Qifeng Song

L K J Stadler

Ling Wang

Ejaz Huq

Jason J Davis

Paul Ko Ferrigno

Piero Migliorato
title: Label free sub picomolar protein detection with field effect transistors.
venue: Analytical chemistry
year: 2010

author_names: Pedro Estrela

Debjani Paul

L K J Stadler

Ling Wang

Ejaz Huq

Paul Ko Ferrigno

Piero Migliorato
title: Label free sub picomolar protein detection with extended gate field effect transistors
year: 2010

abstract: Abstract Nanomaterial based field effect transistors (FETs) have been proposed for real time, label free detection of various biological species. However, two major challenges have limited their use in physiological samples: screening of the analyte charge by electrolyte ions (Debye screening) and non specific adsorption. Here, these challenges are overcome by combining highly stable FETs based on single walled semiconducting carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) networks with a novel surface functionalization comprising: 1) short nanobody (VHH) receptors, and 2) a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer. Nanobodies are stable, easy to produce biological receptors that are very small ~2 4 nm) thus enabling analyte binding closer to the sensor surface. Despite their unique properties, nanobodies have not been used yet as receptors in FET based biosensors. The addition of PEG strongly enhances the signal in high ionic strength environment. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model antigen, high selectivity and sub picomolar detection limit with a dynamic range exceeding 5 orders of magnitude is demonstrated in physiological solutions. In addition, long term stability measurements reveal a low drift of SWCNTs of 0.05 mV/h. The presented immunoassay is fast, label free, does not require any sample pretreatment or washing steps.
author_names: Marcin S Filipiak

Marcel Rother

Nesha May O Andoy

Arne C Knudsen

St Grimm

Christopher Bachran

Lee Kim Swee

Jana Zaumseil

Alexey B Tarasov
title: Highly sensitive, selective and label free protein detection in physiological solutions using carbon nanotube transistors with nanobody receptors
year: 2018

abstract: Nanomaterial based field effect transistors (FETs) have been proposed for real time, label free detection of various biological species. However, screening of the analyte charge by electrolyte ions (Debye screening) has so far limited their use in physiological samples. Here, this challenge is overcome by combining FETs based on single walled semiconducting carbon nanotube networks (SWCNTs) with a novel surface functionalization comprising: (1) short nanobody receptors, and (2) a polyethylene glycol layer (PEG) Nanobodies are stable, easy to produce, short biological receptors ~2 4 nm) that enable analyte binding closer to the sensor surface. The addition of PEG enhances the signal in high ionic strength environment. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model antigen, high selectivity and sub picomolar detection limit with a dynamic range exceeding 4 orders of magnitude is demonstrated in physiological solutions. The presented immunoassay is fast, label free, does not require any sample pre treatment or washing steps.
author_names: Marcin S Filipiak

Marcel Rother

Nesha May O Andoy

Arne C Knudsen

St Grimm

Christopher Bachran

Lee Kim Swee

Jana Zaumseil

Alexey B Tarasov
title: Label Free Immunodetection in High Ionic Strength Solutions Using Carbon Nanotube Transistors with Nanobody Receptors
year: 2017

author_names: Debjani Paul

Pedro Estrela

Piero Migliorato

Paul Ko Ferrigno

Ling Wang

Ejaz Huq
title: Sub Picomolar Protein Detection with Field Effect Transistors
year: 2009

abstract: Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Dr. Tsuyoshi Minami at the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo (Japan) Easy to use sensing systems for on site biomarker testing have been researched numerously, because conventional approaches for biomarker detection (e.g. enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, etc. are too complicated. In that regard, organic filed effect transistors (OFETs) are some of the most promising platforms for construction of on site testing systems. As OFETs can be easily fabricated on flexible substrates using wet processes, these are not only valuable transducers for chemo /biosensors, but also the prospective device for rollable displays and low cost radio frequency identification tags. Thus, the components of the sensing system could be integrated into a single chip by using OFET based circuits. For more details, see the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/open.201700070.
author_names: Tsukuru Minamiki

Yui Sasaki

Shizuo Tokito

Tsuyoshi Minami
title: Label Free Direct Electrical Detection of a Histidine Rich Protein with Sub Femtomolar Sensitivity using an Organic Field Effect Transistor
venue: ChemistryOpen
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract There is a growing interest in achieving sensor systems to enable on site testing of biomarkers. Herein, a new strategy for highly sensitive protein detection at sub femtomolar levels without any labelling has been demonstrated by using an organic field effect transistor (OFET) An artificial histidine rich protein receptor (NiII nitrilotriacetic acid complex, NiII nta) functionalizes a detection portion (i.e. an extended gate electrode) of the fabricated OFET device. The OFET responds electrically and selectively to a target analyte (bovine serum albumin) meaning that the binding processes at the NiII nta on the extended gate electrode for the analyte affect the field effect properties of the device. Our results demonstrate that the combination of the OFET with the artificial receptor is an ideal approach for label free and immune free protein detection.
author_names: Tsukuru Minamiki

Yui Sasaki

Shizuo Tokito

Tsuyoshi Minami
title: Label Free Direct Electrical Detection of a Histidine Rich Protein with Sub Femtomolar Sensitivity using an Organic Field Effect Transistor
venue: ChemistryOpen
year: 2017

abstract: Organic bio electronics represents one of the most exciting directions in printable electronics, promising to deliver new technologies for healthcare and human well being. Among the others, organic field effect transistors have been proven to work as highly performing sensors. Selectivity is achieved by integrating a layer of functional biological recognition elements, directly coupled with an electronic interface. The devices were shown to reach detection limits down to the picomolar (10 12 M) range with highly repeatable responses (within few percentage of standard deviation) even for hundreds of reiterated measurements. In this lecture recent developments in the field of organic and printable electronics implemented to probe biological interfaces will be discussed highlighting the importance of the interplay among disciplines such as organic electronics, analytical chemistry and biochemistry to reach a comprehensive understanding of the underpinning phenomena. It will also be shown that applications can lead to label free electronic biosensors with unprecedented detection limits and selectivity. Notably, the extremely good sensing performance level can be rationalized by quantifying electrostatic and capacitance contributions characterizing the surface confined biological recognition elements interacting with their affinity ligands. Examples of the detection of clinical relevant biomarkers will be provided too.
author_names: Luisa Torsi
title: Label free protein electronic detection with an electrolyte gated organic field effect transistor based immunosensor
venue: 2017 7th IEEE International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract Biosensors based on Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) have attracted increasing attention due to the possibility of rapid, label free, and inexpensive detection. Among all the different possibilities, inkjet printed top gate organic Field Effect Transistors Based Biosensors (BioFETs) using a polymeric gate insulator have been seldom reported. In this work, a systematic investigation in terms of topographical and electrical characterization was carried out in order to find the optimal fabrication process for obtaining a reliable polymer insulator. Previous studies have demonstrated that the best electrical performance arises from the use of the perfluoropolymer Cytop(tm)[12,13,14] Consequently, a simple immobilization protocol was used to ensure the proper attachment of a model biomolecule onto the Cytop's hydrophobic surface whilst keeping its remarkable insulating properties with gate current in the range of dozens of pico amperes. The top gate inkjet printed BioFETs presented in this study operate at threshold voltages in the range of 1 2 V and show durability even when exposed to oxygen plasma, wet amine functionalization treatments, and aqueous media. As a preliminary application, the inkjet printed top gate BioFETs is used for monitoring an immunoreaction by measuring changes in the drain current, paving the way for further use of this device in the immunosensing field.
author_names: C Martinez-Domingo

Silvia Conti

Alfredo de la Escosura-Muniz

Lluis Teres

Arben Merkoci

Eloi Ramon
title: Organic based field effect transistors for protein detection fabricated by inkjet printing
year: 2020

abstract: The Front Cover picture shows an electrical bioassay for the label free and highly sensitive detection of a histidine rich protein (serum albumin) using an organic filed effect transistor (an OFET) modified with a NiII trinitriloacetic acid monolayer (NiII nta) More information can be found in the Communication by T. Minamiki et al. on page 472 in Issue 6, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/open.201700070)
author_names: Tsukuru Minamiki

Yui Sasaki

Shizuo Tokito

Tsuyoshi Minami
title: Cover Picture: Label Free Direct Electrical Detection of a Histidine Rich Protein with Sub Femtomolar Sensitivity using an Organic Field Effect Transistor (ChemistryOpen 4/2017)
venue: ChemistryOpen
year: 2017