Query:  Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor  microcavity system.

Candidate papers:

abstract: Cavity quantum electrodynamics, a central research field in optics and solid state physics, addresses properties of atom like emitters in cavities and can be divided into a weak and a strong coupling regime. For weak coupling, the spontaneous emission can be enhanced or reduced compared with its vacuum level by tuning discrete cavity modes in and out of resonance with the emitter. However, the most striking change of emission properties occurs when the conditions for strong coupling are fulfilled. In this case there is a change from the usual irreversible spontaneous emission to a reversible exchange of energy between the emitter and the cavity mode. This coherent coupling may provide a basis for future applications in quantum information processing or schemes for coherent control. Until now, strong coupling of individual two level systems has been observed only for atoms in large cavities. Here we report the observation of strong coupling of a single two level solid state system with a photon, as realized by a single quantum dot in a semiconductor microcavity. The strong coupling is manifest in photoluminescence data that display anti crossings between the quantum dot exciton and cavity mode dispersion relations, characterized by a vacuum Rabi splitting of about 140 ueV.
author_names: Johann Peter Reithmaier

Grzegorz Sek

Andreas Loffler

C Hofmann

Simon Kuhn

Stephan Reitzenstein

Leonid Veniaminovich Keldysh

Vladimir D Kulakovskii

Thomas L Reinecke

Alfred Forchel
title: Strong coupling in a single quantum dot semiconductor microcavity system
venue: Nature
year: 2004

abstract: Properties of atom like emitters in cavities are successfully described by cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) We report on cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) experiments in a single quantum dot semiconductor system. CQED, which is a very active research field in optics and solid state physics, can be divided into a weak and a strong coupling regime. In case of weak coupling, the spontaneous emission rate of an atom like emitter, e.g. a single quantum dot exciton, can be enhanced or reduced compared to the value in vacuum in an irreversible emission process. In contrast, a reversible energy exchange between the emitter and the cavity mode takes place when the conditions for strong coupling are fulfilled. We investigate weak as well as strong coupling in a system based on a low density In0.3Ga 0.7As quantum dot layer placed as the active layer in a high quality planar AlAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflector cavity grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Using electron beam lithography and deep plasma etching, micropillars with high Q factors (up to 43.000 for 4 mm diameter) were realized from the planar cavity structure. Due to the high oscillator strength of the In0.3Ga 0.7As quantum dots together with a small mode volume in high finesse micropillar cavities it is possible to observe strong coupling characterized by a vacuum Rabi splitting of 140 meV. The fabrication of high Q micropillar cavities as well as conditions necessary to realize strong coupling in the present system are discussed in detail.
author_names: Stephan Reitzenstein

Grzegorz Sek

Andreas Loffler

C Hofmann

Simon Kuhn

Johann Peter Reithmaier

Leonid Veniaminovich Keldysh

Vladimir D Kulakovskii

Thomas L Reinecke

Alfred Forchel
title: Strong coupling in a single quantum dot semiconductor microcavity system
venue: SPIE OPTO
year: 2006

abstract: Light matter interaction on the level of single emitters and single photons has attracted significant scientific interest in recent years. Of particular interest is strong coupling of single emitters in solid state systems and its application to quantum information processing. Due to the enormous progress in semiconductor technology it has become feasible to demonstrate strong coupling of single quantum dots in high Q microcavity systems. Although it has been argued in these studies that it is very unlikely that several degenerated quantum dots contributed to the observed Rabi splitting, it was not verified that the system had one and only one emitter. In this work we present proof that the emission from a strongly coupled QD microcavity system is dominated by a single quantum emitter.
author_names: C Hofmann

Stephan Reitzenstein

Andreas Loffler

Martin Kamp

Alfred Forchel

David Press

Stephan Gotzinger

Y Yamamoto
title: Photon antibunching from a single quantum dot microcavity system in the strong coupling regime
venue: 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference
year: 2007

abstract: Light matter interaction on the level of single emitters and single photons has attracted significant scientific interest in recent years. Of particular interest is strong coupling of single emitters in solid state systems and its application to quantum information processing. Due to the enormous progress in semiconductor technology it has become feasible to demonstrate strong coupling of single quantum dots in high Q microcavity systems. Although it has been argued in these studies that it is very unlikely that several degenerated quantum dots contributed to the observed Rabi splitting, it was not verified that the system had one and only one emitter. In this work we present proof that the emission from a strongly coupled QD microcavity system is dominated by a single quantum emitter.
author_names: C Hofmann

Stephan Reitzenstein

Andreas Loffler

Martin Kamp

Alfred Forchel

David Press

Stephan Gotzinger

Yoshihisa Yamamoto
title: Photon antibunching from a single quantum dot microcavity system in the strong coupling regime
year: 2007

abstract: The behaviour of the photoluminescence spectra of a single quantum dot in a semiconductor microcavity is modeled numerically in the presence of an external and constant magnetic field. The dynamics of the density operator is calculated using the master equation in the Lindblad form for decoherence processes: spontaneous emission, losses through cavity mirrors, and dephasing. An incoherent pumping of excitons is used to feed the system. It is found in the photoluminescence spectra that for magnetic fields lower than 2 T the system is in the strong coupling regime and for magnetic fields greater than 2 T the system emits light like three independent systems. The line that uncouples faster is the s line.
author_names: Luis E Cano

Paulo Sergio Soares Guimaraes

Alfonso A Portacio
title: Magnetic Field Effects for the Emission Spectra in a Microcavity Quantum Dot System
year: 2018

abstract: We present a theoretical study of a quantum dot based microcavity laser where two nearly degenerate high Q modes are involved in the laser dynamics. To analyze the coupled carrier photon system we have extended a single mode microscopic semiconductor theory to the case of two modes and have also taken the crosscorrelation functions into account. Our theoretical results show that the mode which loses the mode competition exhibit super thermal photon bunching This interesting feature is traced back to mode coupling induced by the gain medium.The strong correlation between the two modes is revealed by calculation of the photon cross correlation functions.
author_names: H A M Leymann

Alexander Foerster

Mikayel Khanbekyan

Jan Wiersig
title: Strong photon bunching in a quantum dot based two mode microcavity laser
year: 2013

abstract: In spite of their different natures, light and matter can be unified under the strong coupling regime, yielding superpositions of the two, referred to as dressed states or polaritons. After initially being demonstrated in bulk semiconductors and atomic systems, strong coupling phenomena have been recently realized in solid state optical microcavities. Strong coupling is an essential ingredient in the physics spanning from many body quantum coherence phenomena, such as Bose Einstein condensation and superfluidity, to cavity quantum electrodynamics. Within cavity quantum electrodynamics, the Jaynes Cummings model describes the interaction of a single fermionic two level system with a single bosonic photon mode. For a photon number larger than one, known as quantum strong coupling, a significant anharmonicity is predicted for the ladder like spectrum of dressed states. For optical transitions in semiconductor nanostructures, first signatures of the quantum strong coupling were recently reported. Here we use advanced coherent nonlinear spectroscopy to explore a strongly coupled exciton cavity system. We measure and simulate its four wave mixing response, granting direct access to the coherent dynamics of the first and second rungs of the Jaynes Cummings ladder. The agreement of the rich experimental evidence with the predictions of the Jaynes Cummings model is proof of the quantum strong coupling regime in the investigated solid state system.
author_names: Jacek Kasprzak

Stephan Reitzenstein

Egor A Muljarov

Caroline Kistner

Christian Schneider

Max Strauss

Sven Hofling

Alfred Forchel

Wolfgang W Langbein
title: Up on the Jaynes Cummings ladder of a quantum dot/microcavity system.
venue: Nature materials
year: 2010

abstract: The concept of multifunctional device (a quantum node) composed of a semiconductor single electron four level doublequantum dot coupled to an optical microcavity resonator is developed. The terahertz laser field and voltage biases provide an external control. The structure enables flexible driving via appropriate variations of field amplitudes and switching between resonant and off resonant modes. As shown this hybrid electron photon system can be used as the charge qubit with flying to stationary qubit conversion or the single photon transistor and several others. Each of listed devices works in the specific regime of system evolution. For example, the qubit is robust when the optical resonator and laser Rabi frequencies dominate the dissipation rates the so called strong coupling or coherent regime. From another hand, in order to attain the steady state one has to work in the so called weak coupling or incoherent regime when the dissipation rates are comparable to or greater than the Rabi frequencies. Further, the single photon driving is required for spectroscopic applications of this system. We numerically investigate the population dynamics to reveal the parameter choice corresponding to each device. The model is based on Lindblad formalism where all incoherent processes are considered as the markovian ones. The time dependencies of populations and spectrograms for different pairs of parameters are obtained. The specific features concerned with working characteristics of the quantum node in different modes are discussed.
author_names: A V Tsukanov
title: Multifunctional quantum node based on double quantum dot in laser and cavity fields
venue: International Conference on Micro and Nano Electronics
year: 2016

abstract: We investigate theoretically two photon processes in a microcavity containing one quantum dot in the strong coupling regime. The cavity mode can be tuned to resonantly drive the two photon transition between the ground and the biexciton states while the exciton states are far off resonance due to the biexciton binding energy. We study the steady state of the quantum dot and cavity field in presence of a continuous incoherent pumping. We identify the regime where the system acts as two photon emitter and discuss the feasibility and performance of realistic single quantum dot devices for two photon lasing.
author_names: Elena del Valle

Stefano Zippilli

F Laussy

Alejandro Gonzalez-Tudela

Giovanna Morigi

Carlos Tejedor
title: Two photon lasing by a single quantum dot in a high Q microcavity
year: 2010

abstract: We have studied the Raman and luminescence spectra of a microcavity quantum dot system consisting of a melamine formaldehyde latex microsphere coated by CdTe colloidal quantum dots. The cavity induced enhancement of the Raman scattering allows the observation of Raman spectra from only a monolayer of CdTe quantum dots. Periodic structure with very narrow peaks in the luminescence spectra of a single microsphere was detected arising from the coupling between the emission from quantum dots and spherical cavity modes. Strong anti Stokes emission from CdTe quantum dots coupled to the cavity modes was observed using low intensity below band gap excitation and attributed to the strong field enhancement at the microcavity resonances.
author_names: Yury P Rakovich

John F Donegan

Nikolai Gaponik

Andrey L Rogach
title: Raman scattering and anti Stokes emission from a single spherical microcavity with a CdTe quantum dot monolayer
year: 2003