Query: Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose

Candidate papers:

abstract: 1. Odours The Stimulus for an Electronic Nose G.H. Dodd, P.N. Bartlett, J.W. Gardner. 2. Biophysical Properties of Olfactory Receptor Neurones H.A. Schultens, D. Schild. 3. Molecular Modeling and the Selective Sensor Response M. Thompson, D.C. Strone. 4. Odour Sensors for an Electronic Nose P.N. Bartlett, J.W. Gardner. 5. Fundamentals and Recent Developments of Homogeneous Semiconducting Sensors D. Kohl. 6. Fine Tuning of Electron and Ion Conducting Materials for Sensor Arrays W. Gopel, K D. Schierbaum, S. Vaihinger, U. Weimar. 7. Microsensors Based on Modulation of Work Function J. Janata. 8. Studies of Interactions Between Organic Vapours and Organic Semiconductors Aplications to Chemical Sensing M. Josowicz, P. Topart. 9. Silicon Based Surface Acoustic Wave Gas Sensors M.S. Nieuwenhuizen, A.J. Nederlof. 10. Miniaturisation of Gas Sensor Substrates. Problems and Benefits of Microelectronic Technology U. Dibbern. 11. Pattern Recognition in Odour Sensing J.W. Gardner, P.N. Bartlett. 12. Desired and Achieved Characteristics of Sensor Arrays G. Horner, R. Muller. 13. Use of Pattern Recognition Techniques Applied to Signals Generated by a Multielement Gas Sensor Array as a Means of Compensating for Poor Individual Element Response A.W.J. Cranny, J.K. Atkinson. 14. Pattern Recognition in Electronic Noses by Artificial Neural Network Models T. Moruzumi, T. Nakamoto, Y. Sakuraba. 15. Sensor Arrays Using Conducting Polymers for an Artificial Nose K.C. Persaud, P. Pelosi. 16. Monitoring ofFish Freshness Using Tin Oxide Sensors R. Olafsson, E. Martinsdottir, G. Olafsdottir, P.I. Sigfusson, J.W. Gardner. 17. Chemical Sensor Arrays: Practical Insights and Examples J.R. Stetter. 18. Electronic Noses Based on Field Effect Structures I. Lundstrom, E. Hedborg, A. Spetz, H. Sundgren, F. Winquist. Index.
author_names: Julian William Gardner

Philip N Bartlett
title: Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose
year: 1992

abstract: Cross perception is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between two or more different sensory perception where the stimulus of one sensory system guides the instinctive response of another sense. In this work, a cross perception model imitating multiple human's perception by multi sensor data fusion was proposed for the instrumental study. "Electronic nose" and "electronic tongue" were employed for detection of aroma and taste respectively of black tea samples. The data collected from two different sensory systems were pre processed with suitable pre processing technique and merged prior to further use. Two cross perception variables i.e. cross correlation factor of aroma on taste and vice versa were assigned using principal component analysis and multiple linear regression. KNN classifier was comparatively used for classification of the conventional fusion model as well as cross perception multi sensor fusion model. Results indicated that the cross perception multi sensors data fusion demonstrated noticeable superiority to the conventional fusion methodologies.
author_names: Mahuya Bhattacharyya Banerjee

Runu Banerjee Roy

Bipan Tudu

Rajib Bandyopadhyay

Nabarun Bhattacharyya
title: Cross Perception Fusion Model of Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue for Black Tea Classification
venue: CICBA
year: 2017

abstract: A comparative study between the perception and recognition thresholds of volatile components calculated for an electronic nose and a human sensory panel is presented. The electronic nose is home developed for wine purposes and is based on thin film semiconductor sensors. The human sensory panel is formed by 25 tasters with previous experience in wine tasting. Both systems were trained in parallel to detect 17 volatile compounds involved in aromatic and off flavor notes (grouped under 9 aromatic descriptors) from the threshold concentrations found in the literature (T) to increasing concentrations (T, 2T, and 4T) The results showed that the perception level of the human nose is superior in relation to the electronic nose, but the electronic nose gave better results in the recognition threshold of the some aroma. According to these results, it can be concluded that the electronic nose could be a useful complementary tool to sensory human panels.
author_names: Teresa Arroyo

Jesus Lozano

Juan Mariano Cabellos

M Gil-Diaz

Jose Pedro Santos

Carmen Horrillo
title: Evaluation of wine aromatic compounds by a sensory human panel and an electronic nose.
venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
year: 2009

abstract: Electronic nose (e nose) and electronic tongue (e tongue) instrumental systems were designed to crudely mimic human olfactory and taste sensory organs and are composed of an array of sensors. Complex data sets from electronic nose and electronic tongue signals combined with multivariate statistics represent rapid and efficient tools for classification, discrimination, recognition and identification of samples, as well as for the prediction of concentrations of different compounds. A wide variety of sensors can be employed into the design of these instrumental systems, especially that of electronic tongues, offering numerous practical applications. In this study, characteristics of sensors and possibilities of electronic nose and electronic tongue applications in the dairy industry were reviewed.
author_names: Milna Tudor Kalit

Ksenija Markovic

Samir Kalit

Nada Vahcic

Jasmina Lukac Havranek
title: Application of electronic nose and electronic tongue in the dairy industry
year: 2014

abstract: Summary. This paper presents the autoxidation process of extra virgin oils. It was established that walnut oil rapidly oxidized due to the prevalence composed of unsaturated fatty acids (90,4% Theoretically substantiated that the destruction of triglyce rides with the accumulation of odorizing substances, oxidation products. This indicates that goes deep oxidation process, which is not a ccompanied by changes in the organoleptic characteristics. It is not perceptible by biological sensory systems. The paper deals the possibility of using gas an alyzer <MAG 8> with methodology <electronic nose> to assess the oxidation rate of walnut oil in terms of composition and content the equilibrium gas phase. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of volatile su bstances above oil during storage have been an alyzed. Express method for determination of peroxide value and acid value using signals of sensors coated with polyethyleneglycol sebacate and dicyclohexano 18 crown 6 has been developed. The authors offer the integral index of oil oxidation level the area of <visual fingerprint> that be indicative for content of peroxides, acids, alc ohols, ketones, esters, and their p olymerization products.
author_names: Artem Alexandrovich Kalinichenko

Lukashevich N Iu

S V Ivanov

T A Kuchmenko
title: Sposob ekspressnogo opredeleniia otdel'nykh pokazatelei kachestva masla gretskogo orekha po signalam analizatora <elektronnyi nos> Express method for determination of selected quality indexes of walnut oil using analyzer signals <Electronic nose>
year: 2014

abstract: Multimedia systems are widely used in consumer electronics environments today, where humans can work and communicate through multi sensory interfaces. Unfortunately smell detection and generation systems are not part of today's multimedia systems. In this paper, we propose an Electronic Nose based on TGS 822 sensors that can be used in a multimedia environment. TGS 822 sensor based electronic nose can detect a large number of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that have some smell and will have a significantly lower cost compared to the other detection systems. The results and the calibration graph obtained for three VOCs (i.e. ethanol, acetone and benzene) with varying concentration shows that TGS 822 sensor has the potential to become a reliable instrument and can be used in an electronic nose. Therefore, the accuracy and linearity of the obtained characteristics with higher sensitivity of the proposed electronic nose based on TGS 822 sensor for the detection and determination of volatile organic compounds defines its effectiveness in a multimedia environment.
author_names: Syed Asad Imam

M R Khan
title: TGS Sensors in Electronic Nose for Multimedia Applications: A Practical Approach
year: 2007

abstract: Analytical methods such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) or near infrared spectroscopy provide the mainstay for measurement of volatile components in food, agricultural, chemical, or environmental industries. Although data obtained give very precise measurements of individual components in a mixture, they give very poor indication of the sensory quality perceived by the human nose or tongue. The control of odor quality within these industries is associated with problems that are unique, because they also rely on human perception and preference for particular types of odors or tastes. It is difficult to relate the output of traditional analytical instruments to human perception, because the chemosensory systems of smell and taste use information gathered from the interaction of complex chemical mixtures with the biological sensors without separation of individual components. Many such industries therefore rely on human sensory panels that are trained to discriminate subtle nuances of smell and taste in a given product or raw material, or to quantify the odor level in a sample. This in itself presents problems because such panels can only cope with relatively few sample assessments per day, and are very costly to run. Theymay be used for optimization of a new product, periodic sampling of problematic systems, and random quality control. This highlights the need for automated chemical sensing systems that produce data that are easily correlated to human odor perception. The human nose contains a large array of chemical sensors, and patterns of information are processed in the olfactory brain of an animal in order to achieve quantification and discrimination of odors based on previous learning experiences. With instrumental means of odor measurement, the human user interface needs to be considered very carefully, as the results need to be presented in a form that can be easily interpreted by the user. If an electronic nose is applied, the signals produced by an array of sensors consist of measurements of responses to odors producing different patterns that are projected into multidimensional space. In many instances we are dealing with complex mixtures of compounds in which only relatively few components (which may be at very low concentrations relative to other components) are important in the determination of odor quality by a human sensory panel [1, 2] Olfactory data depend strongly on individual physiological differences, on measurement methods, and on psychological factors. Classifications of odors are necessary to put
author_names: Robert Sneath

Krishna C Persaud
title: Correlating Electronic Nose and Sensory Panel Data
year: 2004

abstract: An electronic nose was used as a rapid technique to monitor changes in the headspace gas above capelin (Mallotus villosus) during storage at 0 and 5 degrees C. At both temperatures, refrigeration was compared with an ice/seawater cooling system. At 5 degrees C, the effect of added 0.2% acetic acid was also tested. Electronic nose measurements were compared to measurements of total volatile bases (TVB) gas chromatography of volatile compounds, and sensory analysis. TVB analysis indicated less spoilage in seawater/ice systems than in refrigeration, but the other measurements indicated more spoilage in the seawater system compared to refrigeration. The possibility of using only a few sensors in the electronic nose to predict TVB was studied using partial least squares regression and a saturated generalized linear model. The results reported herein indicate that rapid electronic nose measurements, which require no sample preparation, can be used to predict the TVB value of the raw material stored under different conditions.
author_names: Gudrun Olafsdottir

Aslaug Hognadottir

Emilia Martinsdottir

Halla Jonsdottir
title: Application of an electronic nose to predict total volatile bases in capelin (Mallotus villosus) for fishmeal production.
venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
year: 2000

abstract: In this paper the performances of an electronic nose based on metalloporphyrin coated quartz microbalance sensors and of an experienced panel of seven human assessors in the evaluation of gases derived from degradation reactions in tomatoes are presented and discussed. The performances are measured in terms of the capability of both systems to distinguish between samples of different quality coming from conventional and organic production systems. The study deals with the application of pattern recognition techniques based on either multivariate statistical methods (PCA, GPA) or artificial neural networks using a self organising map (SOM) The response pattern of the sensor array and the sensory data are analysed and compared using these methods. Similarities in the classification of the data by electronic nose and human sensory profiling are found.
author_names: Fiorella Sinesio

Corrado Di Natale

G B Quaglia

Francesco M Bucarelli

Elisabetta Moneta

Antonella Macagnano

Roberto Paolesse

Arnaldo D'Amico
title: Use of electronic nose and trained sensory panel in the evaluation of tomato quality
year: 2000

abstract: The safety of meat quality is an important issue,and the sensory evaluation is one of the methods for quality assurance.Simulating human's sense organs makes the electronic sensory analysis technology become a useful way to evaluate food quality.Researchers at home and abroad studied the applications of various electronic sensory system such as electronic nose,electronic tongue and electronic eyes.They applied the systems to meat quality evaluation,meat type identification,meat freshness evaluation,meat microorganism analysis and shelf life forecast.All the applications showed that electronic sensory system provided a good way for meat quality detection and analysis.Although there were also many problems existed for the application of electronic sensory system,with the development of information technologies such as sensors and WSN,it will become online,smart,professional and become more and more popular in the use of meat quality detection and analysis.
author_names: Fan Bei
title: Research progress on application of electronic sensory evaluation system for meat quality
year: 2014