Query: Organic  electronics:  materials,  manufacturing,  and  applications

Candidate papers:

abstract: I. MATERIALS High performance Organic Semiconductor Materials Ian McCulloch (Imperial College, London) Electroactive Polymer Thin Films Dean DeLongchamp (NIST) Materials for Large area Electronics Alberto Salleo (Stanford University) Functional Pentacenes John Anthony (University of Kentucky) Plastic Electronics Antonio Facchetti (Northwestern University, Polyera) Electronic, Photonic and Magnetic Materials Dan Frisbie (University of Minnesota) II. MANUFACTURING Printing Technology Vivek Subramanian (University of California, Berkeley) Solution Processing Ana Claudia Arias (Palo Alto Research Center) Direct Inkjet Printing Takao Someya (University of Tokyo) Photoresist free Patterning Tom Jackson (Pennsylvania State University) III. APPLICATIONS Photonic Nanostructures Jana Zaumseil (Argonne National Laboratory) Plastic Transistors Henning Sirringhaus (Plastic Logic) Integrated Microsystems Eugenio Cantatore (Eindhoven University of Technology) Active Matrix Displays Kazumasa Nomoto (SONY)
author_names: Hagen Klauk
title: Organic electronics materials, manufacturing and applications
year: 2006

author_names: Derck Schlettwein
title: Organic Electronics Materials, Manufacturing and Applications. Edited by Hagen Klauk.
year: 2007

author_names: Antonio F Facchetti
title: Organic Electronics. Materials, Manufacturing and Applications. Edited by Hagen Klauk.
year: 2007

author_names: Antonio F Facchetti
title: Organic Electronics. Materials, Manufacturing and Applications. Herausgegeben von Hagen Klauk.
year: 2007

author_names: Patrick R L Malenfant
title: Book Review: Organic Electronics. Materials, Manufacturing And Applications. By Hagen Klauk (Ed.
year: 2007

abstract: Organic electronics is thriving. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be found in products ranging from cell phone displays to high end televisions, organic photovoltaics are close to being commercially viable, and even flexible organic electronic devices are on the horizon. Compared to conventional inorganic electronic materials, organic materials offer a number of advantages such as being light weight and mechanically flexible, which makes them ideal for flexible electronic applications [1,2] Furthermore, synthetic chemistry techniques can be used to create molecules with specific electrical or optical properties. Organic, or plastic, electronic devices can also be fabricated by using inexpensive techniques such as roll to roll processing [3] which are cheaper and far less complex than the techniques used in the manufacturing of state of the art silicon integrated circuits. As a result, organic electronics are typically only associated with relatively low cost, large area or disposable electronic applications, such as flatpanel displays, sensor arrays, smart cards, and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags [4] Writing in Nature Electronics, Deepak Venkateshvaran, Henning Sirringhaus and colleagues now show that certain organic materials also have fundamental properties that make them ideal for high value spintronics applications [5]
author_names: Curt A Richter

Emily G Bittle
title: Dopants give organic electronics a new spin Standfirst: Electron spins can travel long distances in heavily doped organic materials
year: 2019

abstract: While much research in the field of conducting polymers and organic electronics focuses on development of novel polymers and other related materials, or enhancing the properties of existing materials and understanding the mechanisms behind them, in many cases, clear and reliable future directions or applications of the research are unclear. Developing an understanding of the roles of different physical and chemical mechanisms and establishing simple, cheap and reliable manufacturing and processing technologies for conducting polymers will be crucial to guide future research to uncover modern materials for advanced practical applications. In the present work, several novel manufacturing and processing routes have been established to firstly create organic materials with desired properties and, later, to apply them in functional devices. Several adjustments have been made to the synthesis of conducting polymers, and novel ways for patterning of thin organic films developed, so that high quality materials can be made cheaply and relatively quickly and then used to create functional devices with improved properties. Conducting polymers such as polyacetylene, polythiophene, polyaniline or poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) have been studied for several decades now; however, their properties have not been sufficient for widespread commercial application. Only recently have developments in the field and improvements in the properties of these materials, as well as better understanding of mechanisms underlying their functionality, allowed their use in prototype devices. The conductivity of organic materials is still relatively low compared to that of their inorganic counterparts, although some applications do not require such high electrical properties. A critical step was to better understand conductivity mechanisms and improve them using several different methods. Examples of methods to improve properties include blending two or more conducting or non conducting polymers, co polymerizing different monomers together or designing polymers and their surfaces on the nano level. This work presents a study of two conducting polymers: poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(thiophene) and some attempts to increase their current properties or develop new properties to meet requirements for specific applications. Most of the effort focuses on the development of properties that are important for application in fields like energy production and storage, photonics and electronics. These critical properties include high electrical performance and high conductivity, good electrochemical properties, high surface area, broad light absorption spectra, biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and long lifetime. Chapter 3 discusses vapor phase co polymerization of bithiophene and terthiophene as a route to widen absorption spectra of polythiophene materials. Chapter 4 describes processes responsible for formation of polythiophene nano structures during vapor phase polymerization. It also explains conditions and polymerization parameters responsible for formation of different nano structures so that those materials can be tuned for desired applications. Chapter 5 shows development of a laser ablation technique as a way to pattern conducting polymers to get the shape and architecture required for a specific device or application. The laser ablation technique is applied to manufacture organic electrochemical transistors and gas sensors. Lastly, Chapter 6 builds on knowledge from previous chapters to develop organic light sensors and opto logic gates that can be used in an optical to electronic interface. This work significantly advances the state of knowledge of conducting polymers within the organic electronics field, and gives insights into how those materials interact with each other and how to tailor their properties. The findings here can serve as a basis for developing new conducting polymers, as well as direct investigations for new applications using the materials presented here.
author_names: Bartlomiej Piotr Kolodziejczyk
title: Development of novel conjugated polymer materials and structures for organic electronics and energy applications
year: 2015

abstract: Plastic electronics has made great commercial and scientific progress over the past decade, predominantly driven by the potential of applications such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs) for flexible backplanes and e paper, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for large area lighting and displays and organic solar cells (OPV) for large area energy generation.1,2 Much of this work has been motivated by the fact that organic semiconductors can combine the superb mechanical and processing characteristics of plastics with a variety of printing techniques, enabling large area, low cost manufacturing. There has been an intensive worldwide research effort on the development of stable, conjugated organic semiconducting polymers as potential replacements for conventional silicon, the benchmark large area amorphous semiconductor. ID TechEx, the UK based market research company, "estimates that over the last two decades global investments into plastic electronics technologies exceed US $10 billion, and predict that this will grow to almost US $25 billion by 2020".3 The ecological and commercial motivation to implement the use of plastic electronics is compelling. Recently, such efforts have facilitated the development of thin film transistors for backplane applications such as e paper. The ability to operate in ambient atmosphere without costly and rigorous encapsulation barriers to avoid water and/or oxygen is an important step towards commercialization. Research for cleaner alternatives of energy generation and advanced energy permitting devices has journeyed down an interesting path. The exploration of conjugated organic materials within the context of energy has led to the development of devices with great potential for utilization and exploitation within the near future, where perhaps the emergence of hybrid materials or the utilization of nano architectonics will be of paramount importance to aid in the development of state of the art nanotechnology and its utilization within energy related themes. Meanwhile, further reducing of the cost is expected in the next decade as a result of designing next generation of energy devices (e.g. supercapacitors, solar cells, Li ion batteries, fuel cells) Organic PV active layers (especially polymer based materials) have the latent potential of solution based processing of the active layers, offering the attraction of low cost, continuous roll to roll or printing processing of large area devices upon flexible substrates. These deposition techniques of the active layers may allow devices to meet the $15/m2 target; for comparison paint costs about $1/m2. Furthermore, organic active layers offer infinite design space by virtue of the polymer architectures, providing potential for layers design and tunability to suit specific energy supply criteria.4 The development of more efficient energy producing devices and cleaner energy generation alternatives continue to advance. The investigation of polymeric materials within the context of solar energy has thus far yielded devices with great potential. Through systematic chemical modification, the performance of OPV cells has advanced impressively over the last three years, with power conversion efficiency (PCE) now routinely surpassing 8% and attracting industrial interest in commercializing this technology.5 The synthesis of well defined conjugated molecules/polymers is a considerable synthetic challenge that many excellent research groups have addressed over the last decade or so. A particularly promising class of potential donor/acceptor materials for use in BHJ solar cells and organic electronics are the aromatic donor acceptor amido pigments diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and isoindigo and the electron deficient bis Thiazole (Figure 1) Here, an electron rich aromatic segment is positioned adjacent to a highly electron deficient amide link typically known as a push pull chromophore.6 When incorporated into small molecules or polymers, this structure affords very narrow band gaps capable of harvesting a large percentage of the solar flux. Both DPP and isoindigo units have recently been used to construct some of the most efficient organic solar cells to date, and the present work capitalizes on these advances, and goes beyond. Figure 1 Chemical structures of DPP, Isoindigo and bis thiazole. Here we will present our synthetic efforts on developing the novel polymeric materials containing the three structures shown in Figure 1, particular emphasis on a suit of carefully selected sidechains, which has provide access to a wide range of monomers with tuneable solubility (with either short or long, branched or linear alkyl chains) Moreover, the initial synthetic targets will specifically be the introduction of branched ocytyl decyl chains as well as linear hexadecyl alkyl chains since they have both been used in other high efficiency conjugated polymers the latter are known to enhance interchain interdigitation and close p p stacking. References: (1) Kim, Y. Cook, S. Tuladhar, S. M. Choulis, S. A. Nelson, J. Durrant, J. R. Bradley, D. D. C. Giles, M. Mcculloch, I. Ha, C. S. Ree, M. Nat Mater 2006, 5, 197. (2) Chen, H. Y. Hou, J. H. Zhang, S. Q. Liang, Y. Y. Yang, G. W. Yang, Y. Yu, L. P. Wu, Y. Li, G. Nat Photonics 2009, 3, 649. (3) http:/ukplaticelectronics.com, C. G. U. P. E. (4) Krebs, F. C. Gevorgyan, S. A. Alstrup, J. J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19 (30) 5442 5451. (5) Guo, X. Zhou, N. Lou, S. J. Smith, J. Tice, D. B. Hennek, J. W. Ortiz, R. P. Navarrete, J. T. L. Li, S. Strzalka, J. Chen, L. X. Chang, R. P. H. Facchetti, A. Marks, T. J. Nat. Photon 2013, 7 (10) 825 833. (6) Li, Y. Sonar, P. Murphy, L. Hong, W. Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6 (6) 1684 1710. (7) Cates, N. C. Gysel, R. Beiley, Z. Miller, C. E. Toney, M. F. Heeney, M. McCulloch, I. McGehee, M. D. Nano Lett. 2009, 9 (12) 4153 4157.
author_names: Mohammed Al-Hashimi

Hugo Bronstein

Lei Fang

Hassan S Bazzi

Martin Heeney

Tobin J Marks
title: New Conjugated Polymer Materials for Solar Energy and Organic Electronics
year: 2016

abstract: Abstract Today's organic electronic devices, such as the highly successful OLED displays, are based on disordered films, with carrier mobilities orders of magnitude below those of inorganic semiconductors like silicon or GaAs. For organic devices such as diodes and transistors, higher charge carrier mobilities are paramount to achieve high performance. Organic single crystals have been shown to offer these required high mobilities. However, manufacturing and processing of these crystals are complex, rendering their use outside of laboratory scale applications negligible. Furthermore, doping cannot be easily integrated into these systems, which is particularly problematic for devices mandating high mobility materials. Here, it is demonstrated for the model system rubrene that highly ordered, doped thin films can be prepared, allowing high performance organic devices on almost any substrate. Specifically, triclinic rubrene crystals are created by abrupt heating of amorphous layers and can be electrically doped during the epitaxial growth process to achieve hole or electron conduction. Analysis of the space charge limited current in these films reveals record vertical mobilities of 10.3(49) cm2 V 1 s 1. To demonstrate the performance of this materials system, monolithic pin diodes aimed for rectification are built. The f3db of these diodes is over 1 GHz and thus higher than any other organic semiconductor based device shown so far. It is believed that this work will pave the way for future high performance organic devices based on highly crystalline thin films.
author_names: Michael F Sawatzki

Hans Kleemann

Bahman Kheradmand Boroujeni

Shu-Jen Wang

Joern Vahland

Frank Ellinger

Karl Leo
title: Doped Highly Crystalline Organic Films: Toward High Performance Organic Electronics
venue: Advanced science
year: 2021

abstract: Transient electronics represents recent technology that can partially or completely degrade, dissolve, or disintegrate under certain conditions in actively and passively controlled ways. They offer applications as eco friendly alternatives to existing electronic components, implantable biomedical devices, and software/hardware protection systems. The degradable characteristics of materials and circuits, however, lead to various fabrication issues and difficulties in manufacturing complex systems requiring fine and elaborate design layouts and microfabrication procedures under thermally and chemically harsh conditions. Identifying advanced materials and the development of manufacturing processes compatible with established transient materials have been conducted for several years to address these issues. In this article, we focus on recent trends in manufacturing technologies for transient electronic systems, including direct fabrication of electronics on transient substrates using organic inorganic electronic materials, screen printing approaches particularly for conductive traces, microfabrication combined with multiple transfer printing techniques, and large scale, foundry compatible technologies.
author_names: Won Bae Han

Gwan-Jin Ko

Jeong-Woong Shin

Suk-Won Hwang
title: Advanced manufacturing for transient electronics
year: 2020