Query: An on-chip near-field terahertz probe and detector

Candidate papers:

abstract: Here researchers report an integrated detection device for terahertz near field imaging in which all the necessary detection components, that is, an aperture, a probe and a terahertz detector, are integrated on one cryogenically cooled, semiconductor chip. This scheme enables highly sensitive, high resolution detection of the evanescent field and promises new capabilities for high resolution terahertz imaging.
author_names: Yukio Kawano

Koji Ishibashi
title: An on chip near field terahertz probe and detector
year: 2008

abstract: We report on a high resolution terahertz (THz) imaging beyond the diffraction limit by using a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. In this imaging device, all components: an aperture, a probe, and a detector are integrated on one GaAs/AlGaAs chip. Calculations based on a finite element method show that the presence of the probe changes the distribution profile of the evanescent field just behind the aperture, enhancing the coupling of the evanescent field to the 2DEG THz detector. THz transmission measurements demonstrate that the present device works as a near field THz imaging detector. A near field image of THz cyclotron emission in another 2DEG sample is also presented.
author_names: Yukio Kawano

Koji Ishibashi
title: On chip near field terahertz detection based on a two dimensional electron gas
year: 2010

abstract: In the terahertz (THz) regime, the active region for a solid state detector usually needs to be implemented accurately in the near field region of an on chip antenna. Mapping of the near field strength could allow for rapid verification and optimization of new antenna/detector designs. Here, we report a proof of concept experiment in which the field mapping is realized by a scanning metallic probe and a fixed AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor. Experiment results agree well with the electromagnetic wave simulations. The results also suggest a field effect THz detector combined with a probe tip could serve as a high sensitivity THz near field sensor.
author_names: Lu Li

Sun Jiandong

Roger A Lewis

Sun Yunfei

Wu Dong-min

Cai Yong

Qin Hua
title: Mapping an on chip terahertz antenna by a scanning near field probe and a fixed field effect transistor
year: 2015

abstract: We present novel terahertz (THz) detectors, using nanoelectronic devices, such as 2 D semiconductor and carbon nanotube (CNT) Our detector is useful for high resolution THz imaging, which requires highly sensitive detection. We have developed a frequency tunable THz photon detector and an on chip near field imaging detector. The detection mechanism of the former is that the CNT transistor detects electrical polarization generated by THz excited electron hole pairs in the 2 D semiconductor. In the latter, we have achieved THz imaging beyond the diffraction limit with an all integrated device, including an aperture, a probe, and a detector. We further show applications of the THz imaging to semiconductor research. We have successfully visualized and clarified spatial properties of electrons in the 2 D semiconductors, which have not been revealed by conventional transport measurements.
author_names: Yukio Kawano
title: Highly Sensitive Detector for On Chip Near Field THz Imaging
venue: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
year: 2011

abstract: We present an all integrated near field terahertz imaging probe on a semiconductor. This robust and easy to use scheme enables us to detect only the evanescent field very efficiently. We obtain a spatial resolution corresponding to lambda/24.
author_names: Yukio Kawano

Koji Ishibashi
title: On chip near field THz imaging probe integrated with a detector
venue: 2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves
year: 2008

abstract: In the terahertz regime, the active region for a solid state detector usually needs to be implemented accurately in the near field region of an on chip antenna. Mapping of the near field strength could allow for rapid verification and optimization of new antenna/detector designs. Here, we report a proof of concept experiment in which the field mapping is realized by a scanning metallic probe and a fixed AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor. Experiment results agree well with the electromagnetic wave simulations. The results also suggest that a field effect terahertz detector combined with a probe tip could serve as a high sensitivity terahertz near field sensor.
author_names: Jiandong Sun
title: Scanning Near Field Probe for Antenna Characterization
year: 2016

abstract: A highly sensitive and frequency tunable terahertz detector based on carbon nanotube quantum dots is the main ingredient for a near field terahertz imaging system in which all components an aperture, a probe, and a detector are integrated on one semiconductor chip.
author_names: Yukio Kawano
title: Quantum dots enable integrated terahertz imager
year: 2009

abstract: We present terahertz (THz) sensing and imaging technologies based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) and a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. The unique properties of CNT quantum dots have led to the development of a highly sensitive and frequency selective THz detector. Using the 2DEG THz detector, we have developed a THz near field imager in which all the components: an aperture, a probe, and a THz detector are integrated on one GaAs/AlGaAs chip. This scheme allows highly sensitive, high resolution detection of the evanescent field alone.
author_names: Yukio Kawano
title: Semiconductor and carbon devices for innovative nanoscale THz sensors and imagers
venue: 2012 IEEE/MTT S International Microwave Symposium Digest
year: 2012

abstract: THz bandwidth pulses are generated, transmitted along a gold plated stainless steel metallic slit waveguide, and detected with a 1.5 THz bandwidth and 60 dB dynamic range. The source and detector were edge pumped slotlines on LT GaAs placed within the near field region of the waveguide entrance and exit aperture. The motivation for this work was to develop a complete dispersion free THz system which was simple to manufacture and could be utilized for free space waveguide experimentation. (c) 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (300.6495) Spectroscopy, terahertz; (250.3140) Integrated optoelectronic circuits; (250.5530) Pulse propagation and temporal solitons; (250.6715) Switching. References and links 1. D. Auston, "Impulse response of photoconductors in transmission lines," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19, 639 648 (1983) 2. D. Auston, Picosecond Photoconductors: Physical Properties and Applications (Academic Press, 1984) 3. M. B. Ketchen, D. Grischkowsky, T. C. Chen, C. C. Chi, I. N. Duling, N. J. Halas, J. M. Halbout, J. A. Kash, and G. P. Li, "Generation of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines," Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 751 753 (1986) 4. D. Grischkowsky, M. Ketchen, C. C. Chi, I. Duling, N. Halas, J. M. Halbout, and P. May, "Capacitance free generation and detection of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 221 225 (1988) 5. D. Krokel, D. Grischkowsky, and M. B. Ketchen, "Subpicosecond electrical pulse generation using photoconductive switches with long carrier lifetimes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1046 1047 (1989) 6. D. Rutledge, D. Neikirk, and D. Kasilingam, Integrated Circuit Antennas (Academic Press, 1983) 7. J. Nees, S. Williamson, and G. Mourou, "100 GHz traveling wave electro optic phase modulator," Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1962 1964 (1989) 8. H. Cheng, J. Whitaker, T. Weller, and L. Katehi, "Terahertz bandwidth pulse propagation on a coplanar stripline fabricated on a thin membrane," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett. 4, 89 91 (1994) 9. M.Wachter,M. Nagel, andH. Kurz, "Metallic slit waveguide for dispersion free low loss terahertz signal transmission," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 061111 (2007) 10. M. Wachter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, "Low loss terahertz transmission through curved metallic slit waveguides fabricated by spark erosion," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 161102 (2008) 11. R. Smith, F. Ahmed, A. Jooshesh, J. Zhang, M. Jun, and T. Darcie, "THz field enhancement by antenna coupling to a tapered thick slot waveguide," J. Lightwave Technol. 32, 15878 (2014) 12. R. Smith, A. Jooshesh, J. Zhang, and T. Darcie, "THz TDS using a photoconductive free space linear tapered slot antenna transmitter," Opt. Express 25, 10118 (2017) 13. H. Zhan, R. Mendis, and D. M. Mittleman, "Superfocusing terahertz waves below l/250 using plasmonic parallel plate waveguides," Opt. Express 18, 9643 (2010) 14. M. Wachter, M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, "Tapered photoconductive terahertz field probe tip with subwavelength spatial resolution," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 041112 (2009) 15. S. Sawallich, B. Globisch, C. Matheisen, M. Nagel, R. Dietz, and T. Gobel, "Photoconductive terahertz near field detectors for operation with 1550 nm pulsed fiber lasers," IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6, 365 370 (2016) 16. M. Nagel, A. Michalski, and H. Kurz, "Contact free fault location and imaging with on chip terahertz time domain reflectometry," Opt. Express 19, 12509 12514 (2011) 17. G. Veronis and S. Fan, "Modes of subwavelength plasmonic slot waveguides," J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 2511 2521 (2007) 18. J. Xiao, Q. Q. Wei, D. G. Yang, P. Zhang, N. He, G. Q. Zhang, and X. P. Chen, "Hybrid plasmonics slot THz waveguide for subwavelength field confinement and crosstalk between two waveguides," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Vol. 25, No. 22 30 Oct 2017 OPTICS EXPRESS 26492 #304582 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.026492 Journal (c) 2017 Received 10 Aug 2017; revised 4 Oct 2017; accepted 5 Oct 2017; published 16 Oct 2017 Electron. 23, 1 5 (2017) 19. S. Gupta,M. Y. Frankel, J. A. Valdmanis, J. F.Whitaker, G. A.Mourou, F.W. Smith, andA. R. Calawa, "Subpicosecond carrier lifetime in GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperatures," Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 3276 3278 (1991) 20. Y. H. Lee, Principles of Terahertz Science and Technology (Springer, 2009) 21. L. Duvillaret, F. Garet, J. F. Roux, and J. L. Coutaz, "Analytical modeling and optimization of terahertz time domain spectroscopy experiments, using photoswitches as antennas," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7, 615 623 (2001)
title: Photoconductive generation and detection of THz bandwidth pulses using near field coupling to a free space metallic slit waveguide
year: 2019

abstract: Compared to the visible range, nano scale material research in the infrared or terahertz wavelength is seriously limited due to a lack of useful microscope which can overcome diffraction limit and achieve spatial resolution down to the nanometers. For this purpose, we constructed a new terahertz scattering type scanning near field optical microscope (THz s SNOM, Fig. 1(a) By equipping an ultra high sensitive detector (15 mm) in a well designed confocal microscope system, and modulating a sharp tungsten tip close to sample surface, thermally excited near field evanescent waves of room temperature objects can be picked up (without external illumination) therefore we term the system as a passive type THz s SNOM. Fig. 1(b) shows a SiO2 sample covered with sub wavelength Au patterns (SEM image) which can be passively imaged by our microscope (Fig. 1(c) The estimated spatial resolution is 50 nm, which is already far beyond the diffraction limit (l/300) Various other samples (sub wavelength plasmonic structures, semiconductor nano devices, carbon nanotubes, et al. have been studied, and many interesting new phenomenon has been revealed. The introduced THz s SNOM can be a powerful tool for various material research.
author_names: Qianchun Weng

Le Yang

Zhenghua An

Pingping Chen

Bo Zhang

Susumu Komiyama

Ziqiang Zhu

Wei Lu
title: Probing surface evanescent waves with an ultra high sensitive terahertz near field microscope
venue: 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)
year: 2016