Query: Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives

Candidate papers:

abstract: Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (G6 TMDs) most notably MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2 and WSe2, constitute an important class of materials with a layered crystal structure. Various types of G6 TMD nanomaterials, such as nanosheets, nanotubes and quantum dot nano objects and flower like nanostructures, have been synthesized. High thermodynamic stability under ambient conditions, even in atomically thin form, made nanosheets of these inorganic semiconductors a valuable asset in the existing library of two dimensional (2D) materials, along with the well known semimetallic graphene and insulating hexagonal boron nitride. G6 TMDs generally possess an appropriate bandgap (1 2 eV) which is tunable by size and dimensionality and changes from indirect to direct in monolayer nanosheets, intriguing for (opto)electronic, sensing, and solar energy harvesting applications. Moreover, rich intercalation chemistry and abundance of catalytically active edge sites make them promising for fabrication of novel energy storage devices and advanced catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview on all aspects of the basic science, physicochemical properties and characterization techniques as well as all existing production methods and applications of G6 TMD nanomaterials in a comprehensive yet concise treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between the features of production methods and the specific needs of rapidly growing applications of G6 TMDs to develop a production application selection guide. Based on this selection guide, a framework is suggested for future research on how to bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve current production methods towards technological application of G6 TMD nanomaterials.
author_names: Morasae Samadi

N Sarikhani

Mohammad Zirak

Hua Zhang

Alireza Z Moshfegh
title: Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives.
venue: Nanoscale horizons
year: 2018

abstract: During recent decades, a giant leap in the development of nanotechnology has been witnessed. Numerous nanomaterials with different dimensions and unprecedented features have been developed and provided unimaginably wide scope to solve the challenging problems in biomedicine, such as cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheets (NSs) including MoS2 WS2 and etc. have emerged as novel inorganic graphene analogues and attracted tremendous attention due to their unique structures and distinctive properties, and opened up great opportunities for biomedical applications, including ultrasensitive biosensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and antibacterial treatment. A comprehensive overview of different synthetic methods of ultrathin 2D TMDC NSs and their state of the art biomedical applications, especially those that have appeared in the past few years, is presented. At the end of this review, the future opportunities and challenges for 2D TMDC NSs in biomedicine are also discussed.
author_names: Xiao Li

Jingyang Shan

Weizhen Zhang

Shao Su

Lihui Yuwen

Lianhui Wang
title: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets.
venue: Small
year: 2017

abstract: Layer structured transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) thin films have recently emerged as a new class of materials holding great promise as novel catalytic materials and for other electronic applications. Although many successes in the synthesis of group 6 TMDCs have been reported, the synthesis of group 5 TMDCs has rarely been investigated. In this study, we have developed a one step solution phase synthesis of group 5 TMDC films directly grown on a substrate. As example materials, we synthesized NbS2, NbSe2, VSe2, and VTe2 films directly on Si wafers. We used microwave assisted synthesis employing thermolysis of the precursors exclusively at the surface of the electrically conductive Si wafer substrate. Microwave absorption and heat loss of the substrate was experimentally and theoretically analyzed, and the microwave conditions for the synthesis are clarified. We have performed the elemental and structural analysis of the synthesized films, and investigated the growth kinetics of the synthesized films. This study paves a robust way for the synthesis of various group 5 TMDC films in solution phases.
author_names: Junghyeok Kwak

Sunshin Jung

Noho Lee

Kaliannan Thiyagarajan

Jong Kyu Kim

Anupam Giri

Unyong Jeong
title: Microwave assisted synthesis of group 5 transition metal dichalcogenide thin films
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract Earth abundant transition metal and metal oxide (EATM&MO) nanomaterials offer numerous positive attributes such as catalytic activity, selective enzyme mimicking catalysis, energy harvesting and storage, green chemistry and atom economy guided by size and morphology induced intrinsic properties at the nanoscale. Noble metal nanomaterials have long been played a central role and highly efficient for various electrochemical applications but their high cost and least abundance unfortunately make them less attractive towards industrial applications. In this perspective, the design and development of EATM&MO nanomaterials with unique features are imperative in the fabrication of potential electrochemical devices. This review gives an account of the various emerging synthesis of EATM&MO nanomaterials and their nanocomposites using numerous chemical strategies for the state of the art electrochemical applications. A variety of synthetic strategies for the production of diverse size morphology and composition controlled EATM&MO nanomaterials has been described for emerging applications such as sensing and biosensing, fuel cells, photovoltaics, water electrolyzer, photo electrochemical water electrolyzer, and energy storage systems (Lithium Ion Batteries, LIBs) Recent progress, important approaches, structure property relations, and future outlook towards the EATM&MO nanomaterials fabrication for diverse electrochemical devices are highlighted.
author_names: Govindhan Maduraiveeran

Manickam Sasidharan

Wei Jin
title: Earth abundant transition metal and metal oxide nanomaterials: Synthesis and electrochemical applications
year: 2019

abstract: The exploration of hybridizing transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets with other materials as a unique approach for engineering their properties has attracted considerable attention from the scientific community for both basic studies and numerous potential applications. Among the various kinds of functional materials in hand, the utilization of intrinsically conducting polymers (CPs) in the construction of advanced hybrid composites with TMD nanosheets is considered as a fascinating approach. In this review, we aim at providing a survey of the literature on recent progress in composites based on 2D TMD and CPs. In this regard, we first discuss the different synthetic strategies used for the fabrication of two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide/conducting polymer (2D TMD/CP) composites in detail. Subsequently, we demonstrate the state of the art advances in the utilization of these novel composites in promising applications such as energy storage, sensing devices, hydrogen production and so on. Finally, we also highlight some perspectives on the major challenges and future directions in this field of research.
author_names: Ali Sajedi-Moghaddam

Esmaiel Saievar-Iranizad

Martin Pumera
title: Two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide/conducting polymer composites: synthesis and applications.
venue: Nanoscale
year: 2017

abstract: Wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices accommodable to various mechanical deformations are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in various realms spanning electronic skins, electronic eyes, intelligent wristbands, lenses, smartphones/watches/glass, robotics, foldable screens, autonomous artificial intelligence systems, etc. which, however, are beyond the scope of conventional bulky semiconductors. Fortunately, 2D group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) emerge as alternatives, having advantages of strong mechanical strength, high conformability, semitransparency, high biocompatibility, large surface to volume ratio, and favorable bandgaps. Highlighting an indispensable physical foundation for reliable wearability, this perspective begins with an elaboration on the structural and mechanical attributes of 2D TMDCs. Then, the latest research advancements of wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices built on them, including field effect transistors, gas/ion/bio/tactile sensors, photodetectors, and proof of concept novel applications, such as electronic noses, flexible displays, and the underlying working mechanisms, are compactly surveyed. This leads us to come up with the predominant challenges standing in the way of further development, and strategies addressing them, along with associated physical principles that are comprehensively outlined.Wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices accommodable to various mechanical deformations are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in various realms spanning electronic skins, electronic eyes, intelligent wristbands, lenses, smartphones/watches/glass, robotics, foldable screens, autonomous artificial intelligence systems, etc. which, however, are beyond the scope of conventional bulky semiconductors. Fortunately, 2D group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) emerge as alternatives, having advantages of strong mechanical strength, high conformability, semitransparency, high biocompatibility, large surface to volume ratio, and favorable bandgaps. Highlighting an indispensable physical foundation for reliable wearability, this perspective begins with an elaboration on the structural and mechanical attributes of 2D TMDCs. Then, the latest research advancements of wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices built on them, including field effect transistors, gas/ion/bio/tactile sensors, photodetector.
author_names: Jiandong Yao

Guowei Yang
title: 2D group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides toward wearable electronics and optoelectronics
year: 2020

abstract: Recently, two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have drawn certain attentions in many fields. The unique and diversified electronic structure and ultrathin sheet structure of 2D TMDCs offer opportunities for moving ahead of other 2D nanomaterials such as graphene and expanding the wide application of inorganic 2D nanomaterials in many fields. For a better understanding of 2D TMDCs, one needs to know methods for their synthesis and modification, as well as their potential applications and possible biological toxicity. Herein, we summarized the recent research progress of 2D TMDCs with particular focus on their biomedical applications and potential health risks. Firstly, two kinds of synthesis methods of 2D TMDCs, top down and bottom up, and methods for their surface functionalization are reviewed. Secondly, the applications of 2D TMDCs in the field of biomedicine, including drug loading, photothermal therapy, biological imaging and biosensor were summarized. After that, we presented the existing researches on biosafety evaluation of 2D TMDCs. At last, we discussed major research gap in current researches and challenges and coping strategies in future studies.
author_names: Xiaofei Zhou

Hainan Sun

Xue Bai
title: Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Synthesis, Biomedical Applications and Biosafety Evaluation
venue: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
year: 2020

abstract: ABSTRACT In recent years, novel two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are of great interest for diverse potential applications such as device fabrication, energy storage, sensing and theranostics because of their superlative physical features namely, large surface area, minimal thickness, tunable composition and easier surface modification methods. Rapid exploration in design and fabrication of 2D nano structures have opened new avenue for cancer theranostics as it can encapsulate group of cancer cells and inflict major damage with great specificity in a non invasive manner. Among the reported 2D materials such as graphene and its derivatives, metallic compounds, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) black phosphorous and MXenes (e.g. carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides) 2D nanomaterials based on graphene and TMDCs have gathered most of the limelight in this field due to their easily tunable properties. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the design of 2D theranostic nanomaterials, functionalization methods and their applications in photothermal therapy (PTT) as well as synergistic cancer therapy. We have also addressed the different modes of cellular entry of 2D nanomaterials into tumor cells based on their unique structural properties and investigated different methodologies to enhance PTT effect by optimizing the physico chemical properties of the 2D sheets. Recent progress on in vitro and in vivo short and long term biocompatibility, immunotoxicity and excretion of the decorated structure is also highlighted. Investigation of the interaction of 2D nanomaterial with hematological factors such as RBC and WBC is of paramount importance as they are key indicators in in vivo responses, and this investigation will give a better solution for overcoming direct inflammation and infection related issues of the animal system. Besides, investigations on addressing the ways to incorporate polymer linkers and drug conjugates on to the surface of 2D materials, multiplexing capability, and the influence of surface functionalization on PTT effect is vital for future developments in clinical level diagnosis and cancer therapy. Finally, we conclude our opinion on current challenges and future prospective on meeting the various demands of advanced cancer imaging and therapies. Graphical abstract Figure. No Caption available. HighlightsVarious 2D Materials for Cancer Chemo Photothermal TherapyTheory and Mechanisms of Heat Generation in 2D MaterialsSurface Modification and Functionalization of 2D MaterialsCellular Uptake Mechanisms of 2D MaterialsBiosafety and Future Challenges of 2D Materials in Cancer Therapy
author_names: Chandran Murugan

Varsha Sharma

Rajesh Kumar Murugan

Gnanasekar Malaimegu

Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
title: Two dimensional cancer theranostic nanomaterials: Synthesis, surface functionalization and applications in photothermal therapy
venue: Journal of controlled release official journal of the Controlled Release Society
year: 2019

abstract: The marked augment of drug resistance to traditional antibiotics underlines the crying need for novel replaceable antibacterials. Research advances have revealed the considerable sterilization potential of two dimension graphene based nanomaterials. Subsequently, two dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene (2D NBG) as novel antibacterials have also demonstrated their power for disinfection due to their unique physicochemical properties and good biocompatibility. Therefore, the exploration of antibacterial mechanisms of 2D NBG is vital to manipulate antibacterials for future applications. Herein, we summarize the recent research progress of 2D NBG based antibacterial agents, starting with a detailed introduction of the relevant antibacterial mechanisms, including direct contact destruction, oxidative stress, photo induced antibacterial, control drug/metallic ions releasing, and the multi mode synergistic antibacterial. Then, the effect of the physicochemical properties of 2D NBG on their antibacterial activities is also discussed. Additionally, a summary of the different kinds of 2D NBG is given, such as transition metal dichalcogenides/oxides, metal based compounds, nitride based nanomaterials, black phosphorus, transition metal carbides, and nitrides. Finally, we rationally analyze the current challenges and new perspectives for future study of more effective antibacterial agents. This review not only can help researchers grasp the current status of 2D NBG antibacterials, but also may catalyze breakthroughs in this fast growing field.
author_names: Linqiang Mei

Shuang Zhu

Wenyan Yin

Chunying Chen

Guangjun Nie

Zhanjun Gu

Yuliang Zhao
title: Two dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene for antibacterial applications: current progress and future perspectives
venue: Theranostics
year: 2020

abstract: The intriguing properties of two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have led to the rapid development of research on these emerging 2D inorganic graphene like nanomaterials in various fields, such as electronic devices, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Recently, 2D TMDs exhibit great potentials and advantages in biological systems due to their tunable optical properties, tailorable electronic characteristics, ultrahigh surface area, versatile surface chemistry, and good biocompatibility. In this chapter, we summarize the latest progress of the use of 2D TMDs for biological applications, ranging from bioanalysis, antibacterial and wound repair, bioimaging, drug delivery, and cancer therapy to tissue engineering and medical devices. Specifically, the nanotoxicology and biosafety profiles of TMDs are reviewed to meet the concern of nanomedicine from the public and scientific community. Moreover, the current challenges and future perspectives on the development of 2D TMDs for biomedical applications are also outlined. It is expected that these promising 2D TMDs will have a great practical foundation and play an important role in next generation biomedicine.
author_names: Linji Gong

Zhanjun Gu
title: Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Biomedical Applications
year: 2019