Query: A compact ultra-wideband mmWave radar sensor at 80 GHz based

Candidate papers:

abstract: This papers describes the capabilities of modern SiGe semiconductor technologies for the highly integrated realization of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radar sensors. Based on an ultra wideband oscillator, synthesizer and receiver, an ultra wide bandwidth of 25 GHz around a center frequency of 80 GHz is demonstrated. This enables high resolution radar measurements with a multi target resolution of 7.1 mm and an absolute distance accuracy better than 1 mm, which enables new potentials for contact free distance measurements even in harsh environments.
author_names: Nils Pohl

Timo Jaeschke

Simon Kuppers

Christian Bredendiek

Dirk Nussler
title: A compact ultra wideband mmWave radar sensor at 80 GHz based on a SiGe transceiver chip (Focused session on highly integrated millimeter wave radar sensors in SiGe BiCMOS technologies)
venue: 2018 22nd International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON)
year: 2018

abstract: Summary form only given. In February 2002, a law and order of the federal communications commission (FCC) gave the "green light" (spectral mask in the range 3.1 10.6 GHz) for commercial applications of ultra wideband (UWB) systems. Since this recent FCC release, UWB has emerged as an exciting technology whose "time has come" for wireless communications, and local area networking. Conveying information over ultra short waveforms, UWB technology allows for very accurate delay estimates providing position and localization capabilities within a few centimeters. The scarcity of bandwidth resources coupled with the capability of IR to overlay existing systems, welcomes UWB connectivity in the workplace, and at home for indoor and especially short range wireless links. However, to realize these attractive features, UWB research and development has to cope with formidable challenges. This plenary will provide the fundamentals of UWB communication systems, driving applications, recent developments, and open problems.
author_names: Georgios B Giannakis
title: Ultra wideband communications: an idea whose time has come
venue: 2003 4th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications SPAWC 2003 (IEEE Cat. No.03EX689)
year: 2003

abstract: UWB technology provides an excellent means for wireless positioning due to its high resolution capability in the time domain. Its ability to resolve multipath components makes it possible to obtain accurate location estimates without the need for complex estimation algorithms. In this article, theoretical limits for TOA estimation and TOA based location estimation for UWB systems have been considered. Due to the complexity of the optimal schemes, suboptimal but practical alternatives have been emphasized. Performance limits for hybrid TOA/SS and TDOA/SS schemes have also been considered. Although the fundamental mechanisms for localization, including AOA TOA TDOA and SS based methods, apply to all radio air interface, some positioning techniques are favored by UWB based systems using ultrawide bandwidths.
author_names: Sinan Gezici

Zhi Hong Tian

Georgios B Giannakis

Hisashi Kobayashi

Andreas F Molisch

H Vincent Poor

Zafer Sahinoglu
title: Localization via ultra wideband radios: a look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks
venue: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
year: 2005

abstract: The recent approval granted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the use of ultra wideband signals for vehicular radar applications has provided a gateway for the introduction of these sensors in the commercial arena as early as 2004. However, the rules governing the allowable spectral occupancy create significant constraints on the sensors' operation. This is further complicated by the variety of applications that these sensors are being required to fulfill. A review of the motivation for the development of these sensors is followed by a discussion of the consequent implications for waveform design and limitations on system architecture. Other practical considerations such as available semiconductor technology, packaging, and assembly techniques are reviewed, and results are presented for conventional surface mount plastic packages illustrating their usefulness in the greater than 20 GHz frequency range. Suitable antenna technology for wide band transmission is presented that is compliant with the specific restrictions stipulated in the FCC ruling. Finally, all of these considerations are combined with the presentation of a compatible integrated circuit based transceiver architecture. Measured results are presented for several critical circuit components including a +12 dBm driver amplifier for the transmitter, an RF pulse generator that can produce sub 1 ns pulses at a carrier frequency of 24 GHz, and a single chip homodyne in phase/quadrature down conversion receiver that has a cascaded noise figure of less than 7 dB. All circuit components are fabricated in SiGe.
author_names: Ian Gresham

Alan Peter Jenkins

R G Egri

Channabasappa Eswarappa

Noyan Kinayman

Nitin Jain

R Anderson

Frank S Kolak

R Wohlert

Shawn Bawell

J Bennett

J P Lanteri
title: Ultra wideband radar sensors for short range vehicular applications
venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
year: 2004

abstract: The market for driver assistance systems based on millimeter wave radar sensor technology is gaining momentum. In the near future, the full range of newly introduced car models will be equipped with radar based systems which leads to high volume production with low cost potential. This paper provides background and an overview of the state of the art of millimeter wave technology for automotive radar applications, including two actual silicon based fully integrated radar chips. Several advanced packaging concepts and antenna systems are presented and discussed in detail. Finally measurement results of the fully integrated radar front ends are shown.
author_names: Jurgen Hasch

Eray Topak

Raik Schnabel

Thomas Zwick

Robert Weigel

Christian Waldschmidt
title: Millimeter Wave Technology for Automotive Radar Sensors in the 77 GHz Frequency Band
venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
year: 2012

abstract: A radar system with an ultra wide FMCW ramp bandwidth of 25.6 GHz (32% around a center frequency of 80 GHz is presented. The system is based on a monostatic fully integrated SiGe transceiver chip, which is stabilized using conventional fractional N PLL chips at a reference frequency of 100 MHz. The achieved in loop phase noise is 88 dBc/Hz (10 kHz offset frequency) for the center frequency and below 80 dBc/Hz in the wide frequency band of 25.6 GHz for all offset frequencies ;1 kHz. The ultra wide PLL stabilization was achieved using a reverse frequency position mixer in the PLL (offset PLL) resulting in a compensation of the variation of the oscillators tuning sensitivity with the variation of the N divider in the PLL. The output power of the transceiver chip, as well as of the mm wave module (containing a waveguide transition) is sufficiently flat versus the output frequency (variation ;3 dB) In radar measurements using the full bandwidth an ultra high spatial resolution of 7.12 mm was achieved. The standard deviation between repeated measurements of the same target is 0.36 mm.
author_names: Nils Pohl

Timo Jaeschke

Klaus Aufinger
title: An Ultra Wideband 80 GHz FMCW Radar System Using a SiGe Bipolar Transceiver Chip Stabilized by a Fractional N PLL Synthesizer
venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
year: 2012

abstract: Nowadays emerging industrial radar applications demand for high resolution, high precision and at the same time low cost radar sensors. Recent advances in semiconductor technology allow highly integrated radar sensors at frequencies up to several hundred GHz in mass production suitable and cost effective SiGe bipolar technologies. In this contribution, a SiGe MMIC based 240 GHz radar sensor with more than 60GHz bandwidth is presented. It consists of a MMIC chip including the high frequency components and a digital control module with the PLL stabilisation, ramp generation, and data acquisition. The antenna is realized by on chip patch antennas, which are focused by using an additional dielectric lens. The radar allows fast and highly linear frequency sweeps from 204 GHz to 265 GHz with an maximum output power of 1dBm EIRP (patch only) A phase noise of 65 dBc/Hz >1 kHz offset) is achieved over the complete tuning range. Additionally range profile, jitter and imaging measurements are presented to demonstrate the achieved system performance.
author_names: Timo Jaeschke

Christian Bredendiek

Nils Pohl
title: A 240 GHz ultra wideband FMCW radar system with on chip antennas for high resolution radar imaging
venue: 2013 IEEE MTT S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT)
year: 2013

abstract: The design and measured results of a single substrate transceiver module suitable for 76 77 GHz pulsed Doppler radar applications are presented. Emphasis on ease of manufacture and cost reduction of commercial millimeter wave systems is employed throughout as a design parameter. The importance of using predictive modeling techniques in understanding the robustness of the circuit design is stressed. Manufacturing techniques that conform to standard high volume assembly constraints have been used. The packaged transceiver module, including three waveguide ports and intermediate frequency output, measures 20 mm/spl times/22 mm/spl times/8 mm. The circuit is implemented using discrete GaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) GaAs Schottky diodes, and varactor diodes, as well as GaAs p i n and pHEMT monolithic microwave integrated circuits mounted on a low cost 127 /spl mu/m thick glass substrate. A novel microstrip to waveguide transition is described to transform the planar microstrip signal into the waveguide launch. The module is integrated with a quasi optical antenna. The measured performance of both the component parts and the complete radar transceiver module is described.
author_names: Ian Gresham

Nitin Jain

Thomas P Budka

Angelos Alexanian

Noyan Kinayman

B A Ziegner

S Brown

Peter W Staecker
title: A compact manufacturable 76 77 GHz radar module for commercial ACC applications
year: 2001

abstract: The proliferation of mobile computing devices and local area wireless networks has fostered a growing interest in location aware systems and services. In this paper we present RADAR, a radio frequency (RF) based system for locating and tracking users inside buildings. RADAR operates by recording and processing signal strength information at multiple base stations positioned to provide overlapping coverage in the area of interest. It combines empirical measurements with signal propagation modeling to determine user location and thereby enable location aware services and applications. We present experimental results that demonstrate the ability of RADAR to estimate user location with a high degree of accuracy.
author_names: Paramvir Bahl

Venkata N Padmanabhan
title: RADAR: an in building RF based user location and tracking system
venue: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064)
year: 2000

abstract: In this paper, a miniaturized D band frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor with 48 GHz bandwidth (32.8% 122 170 GHz) and a high measurement rate of 1 kHz for multi target vibration measurements is presented. The sensor is based on a SiGe transceiver monolithic microwave integrated circuit manufactured via Infineon's B7HF200 bipolar production technology with an fT of 170 GHz and fmax of 250 GHz. Gilbert cell, push pull, and varactor based doubler concepts on manufactured chips are compared, and the most promising signal source is embedded into a transceiver chip, which forms the main component of the presented radar sensor. The maximum output power of the system is 10 dBm and a phase noise of 80 dBc/Hz is achieved. Measurements are provided to demonstrate the sensor characteristics and show the promising results of FMCW radar in highest precision distance and multi target vibration measurement applications. Due to the covered wide bandwidth, a range resolution of 5.88 mm is achieved 6 dB width, Tukey window) The sensor's distance measurement repeatability is 290 nm (65 nm with 10 x averaging and 0.5 m target distance) and the distance measurement accuracy is m for a target in 65 cm distance moving 1 cm. Additionally, vibration measurement results and range Doppler plots for advanced multi target applications are presented.
author_names: Timo Jaeschke

Christian Bredendiek

Simon Kuppers

Nils Pohl
title: High Precision D Band FMCW Radar Sensor Based on a Wideband SiGe Transceiver MMIC
venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
year: 2014