Query: polymer material based chemosensor

Candidate papers:

abstract: The need to develop inexpensive renewable energy sources stimulates scientific research for efficient, low cost photovoltaic devices.1 The organic, polymer based photovoltaic elements have introduced at least the potential of obtaining cheap and easy methods to produce energy from light.2 The possibility of chemically manipulating the material properties of polymers (plastics) combined with a variety of easy and cheap processing techniques has made polymer based materials present in almost every aspect of modern society.3 Organic semiconductors have several advantages: (a) lowcost synthesis, and (b) easy manufacture of thin film devices by vacuum evaporation/sublimation or solution cast or printing technologies. Furthermore, organic semiconductor thin films may show high absorption coefficients4 exceeding 105 cm 1, which makes them good chromophores for optoelectronic applications. The electronic band gap of organic semiconductors can be engineered by chemical synthesis for simple color changing of light emitting diodes (LEDs).5 Charge carrier mobilities as high as 10 cm2/V,s6 made them competitive with amorphous silicon.7 This review is organized as follows. In the first part, we will give a general introduction to the materials, production techniques, working principles, critical parameters, and stability of the organic solar cells. In the second part, we will focus on conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, mainly on polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives/(1 (3 methoxycarbonyl) propyl 1 phenyl[6,6]C61) (PCBM) fullerene derivatives and poly(3 hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/PCBM systems. In the third part, we will discuss the alternative approaches such as polymer/polymer solar cells and organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. In the fourth part, we will suggest possible routes for further improvements and finish with some conclusions. The different papers mentioned in the text have been chosen for didactical purposes and cannot reflect the chronology of the research field nor have a claim of completeness. The further interested reader is referred to the vast amount of quality papers published in this field during the past decade.
author_names: Serap Gunes

Helmut Neugebauer

Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
title: Conjugated polymer based organic solar cells.
venue: Chemical reviews
year: 2007

abstract: The synthesis, spectroscopy, and fluorescence quenching behavior of pentiptycene derived phenyleneethynylene polymers, 1 3, are reported. The incorporation of rigid three dimensional pentiptycene moieties into conjugated polymer backbones offers several design advantages for solid state (thin film) fluorescent sensory materials. First, they prevent p stacking of the polymer backbones and thereby maintain high fluorescence quantum yields and spectroscopic stability in thin films. Second, reduced interpolymer interactions dramatically enhance the solubility of polymers 1 3 relative to other poly(phenyleneethynylenes) Third, the cavities generated between adjacent polymers are sufficiently large to allow diffusion of small organic molecules into the films. These advantages are apparent from comparisons of the spectroscopic and fluorescence quenching behavior of 1 3 to a related planar electron rich polymer 4. The fluorescence attenuation (quenching) of polymer films upon exposure to analytes depends on seve.
author_names: Jye-Shane Yang and

Timothy M Swager
title: Fluorescent Porous Polymer Films as TNT Chemosensors: Electronic and Structural Effects
year: 1998

abstract: The gas sensors fabricated by using conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PAni) polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the active layers have been reviewed. This review discusses the sensing mechanism and configurations of the sensors. The factors that affect the performances of the gas sensors are also addressed. The disadvantages of the sensors and a brief prospect in this research field are discussed at the end of the review.
author_names: Hua Bai

Gaoquan Shi
title: Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers
venue: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
year: 2007

abstract: A new fluorescent sensor based on rhodamine B for Pb2+ was synthesized. The new fluorescent sensor showed an extreme selectivity for Pb2+ over other metal ions examined in acetonitrile. Upon the addition of Pb2+ an overall emission change of 100 fold was observed, and the selectivity was calculated to be 200 times that of Zn2+ The signal transduction occurs via of reversible CHEF (chelation enhanced fluorescence) with this inherent quenching metal ion.
author_names: Ji Young Kwon

Yun Jung Jang

Yoon Ju Lee

Kwan Mook Kim

Mi Sook Seo

Wonwoo Nam

Juyoung Yoon
title: A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for Pb2+
venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society
year: 2005

abstract: Fluorescence is a leading signal transduction method for the formation of chemosensory devices.1,2 Conjugated polymer based fluorescent chemosensors have been proven to further amplify this inherently sensitive method.2 Although solid state (thin film) fluorescent chemosensory devices are generally required, most systems have limited solid state utility with the lack of stable (reproducible) spectroscopic features and low fluorescence quantum yields, presumably due to the excimer formation and selfquenching.3,4 These processes have been an impediment to other applications of conjugated polymers and general solutions also have implications for electroluminescent polymer devices.4 We report herein an approach to stable fluorescent conjugated polymer films by the incorporation of the rigid three dimensional pentiptycene moieties,5 1, which prevent p stacking or excimer formation. In comparison to the planar model polymer 3, thin films of the pentiptycene polymer, 2, display enhanced fluorescence quantum yield and stability. Moreover, their potential for the trace detection of high explosives such as 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT) is also reported.6 Polymer 2 has unprecedented high sensitivity as an artificial fluorescent chemosensor for the vapors of TNT and 2,4 dinitrotoluene (DNT)
author_names: Jye-Shane Yang

Timothy M Swager
title: Porous Shape Persistent Fluorescent Polymer Films: An Approach to TNT Sensory Materials
year: 1998

abstract: Sensing of metal ions and anions is of great importance because of their widespread distribution in environmental systems and biological processes. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors based on organic molecular species have been demonstrated to be effective for the detection of various ions and possess the significant advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, and convenient implementation. Of the available classes of organic molecules, porphyrin analogues possess inherently many advantageous features, making them suitable for the design of ion chemosensors, with the targeted sensing behavior achieved and easily modulated based on their following characteristics: (1) NH moieties properly disposed for binding of anions through cooperative hydrogen bonding interactions; (2) multiple pyrrolic N atoms or other heteroatoms for selectively chelating metal ions; (3) variability of macrocycle size and peripheral substitution for modulation of ion selectivity and sensitivity; and (4) tunable near infrared emission and good biocompatibility. In this Review, design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and sensing performance of ion chemosensors based on porphyrin analogues are described by use of extensive examples. Ion chemosensors based on normal porphyrins and linear oligopyrroles are also briefly described. This Review provides valuable information for researchers of related areas and thus may inspire the development of more practical and effective approaches for designing high performance ion chemosensors based on porphyrin analogues and other relevant compounds.
author_names: Yubin Ding

Weihong Zhu

Yongshu Xie
title: Development of Ion Chemosensors Based on Porphyrin Analogues.
venue: Chemical reviews
year: 2017

abstract: The cyanine platforms including cyanine, hemicyanine, and squaraine are good candidates for developing chemosensors because of their excellent photophysical properties, outstanding biocompatibility, and low toxicity to living systems. A huge amount of research work involving chemosensors based on the cyanine platforms has emerged in recent years. This review focuses on the development from 2000 to 2015, in which cyanine, hemicyanine, and squaraine sensors will be separately summarized. In each section, a systematization according to the type of detection mechanism is established. The basic principles about the design of the chemosensors and their applications as bioimaging agents are clearly discussed. In addition, we emphasize the advances that have been made in improving the detection performance through incorporation of the chemosensors into nanoparticles.
author_names: Wen Sun

Shigang Guo

Chong Hu

Jiangli Fan

Xiaojun Peng
title: Recent Development of Chemosensors Based on Cyanine Platforms.
venue: Chemical reviews
year: 2016

abstract: A melamine piezomicrogravimetric (acoustic) chemosensor using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film has been devised and tested. The MIP films were prepared by electropolymerization of the melamine complexed by the functional monomer of the bis(bithiophene) derivative bearing an 18 crown 6 substituent 4. The structure of the MIP melamine complex was visualized by the DFT B3LYP/3 21G( energy optimization calculations. The sensitivity and selectivity of the MIP film was improved by cross linking the polymer with the bithianaphthene monomer 5 and the presence of the porogenic ionic liquid in the prepolymerization solution. After electropolymerization, the melamine template was extracted from the MIP film with an aqueous strong base solution. The measurements of UV vis spectroscopy, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) DPV, and EIS as well as scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging confirmed extraction of the melamine template from the MIP film and then rebinding of the melamine analyte while the film relative roughness and porosity was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, respectively. The analytical as well as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the chemosensing were assessed under flow injection analysis (FIA) conditions with piezoelectric microgravimetry (PM) detection. The linear concentration range for melamine detection was 5 nM to at least 1 mM with a limit of detection of approximately 5 nM. The chemosensor successfully discriminated the cyanuric acid, cyromazine, and ammeline interfering agents.
author_names: Agnieszka J Pietrzyk

Wlodzimierz Kutner

Raghu Chitta

Melvin E Zandler

Francis D'Souza

Francesco Sannicolo

Patrizia Romana Mussini
title: Melamine acoustic chemosensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer film.
venue: Analytical chemistry
year: 2009

abstract: Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state of the art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
author_names: Seon Joo Park

Chul Soon Park

Hyeonseok Yoon
title: Chemo Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids
venue: Polymers
year: 2017

abstract: During the past decade, fluorescent chemosensors have become an important research field of supramolecular chemistry and have attracted great attention because of their simplicity, high selectivity and sensitivity in fluorescent assays. In the design of new fluorescent chemosensors, exploration of new sensing mechanisms between recognition and signal reporting units is of continuing interest. Based on different photophysical processes, conventional sensing mechanisms including photo induced electron transfer (PET) intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) metal ligand charge transfer (MLCT) twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) electronic energy transfer (EET) fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and excimer/exciplex formation have been investigated and reviewed extensively in the literature. This tutorial review will mainly focus on new fluorescent sensing mechanisms that have emerged in the past five years, such as aggregation induced emission (AIE) and C=N isomerization, which can be ascribed to fluorescence changes via conformational restriction. In addition, excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has not been well reviewed yet, although a number of chemosensors based on the ESIPT mechanism have been reported. Thus, ESIPT based chemosensors have been also summarized in this review.
author_names: Jiasheng Wu

Weimin Liu

Jiechao Ge

Hongyan Zhang

Pengfei Wang
title: New sensing mechanisms for design of fluorescent chemosensors emerging in recent years.
venue: Chemical Society reviews
year: 2011