Query: Lasing from lead halide perovskite semiconductor microcavity system

Candidate papers:

abstract: Organic inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors are ideal gain media for fabricating laser and photonic devices due to high absorption, photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and low nonradiative recombination losses. Herein, organic inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 is embedded in the Fabry Perot (FP) microcavity, and a wavelength tunable excitonic lasing with a threshold of 12.9 mJ cm 2 and the spectral coherence of 0.76 nm are realized. The lasing threshold decreases and the spectral coherence enhances as the temperature decreases; these results are ascribed to the suppression of exciton irradiative recombination caused by thermal fluctuation. Moreover, both lasing and light emission below threshold from the perovskite microcavity (PM) system demonstrate a redshift with the decreasing temperature. These results provide a feasible platform based on the PM system for the study of light matter interaction for quantum optics and the development of optoelectronic devices such as polariton lasers.
author_names: Jiadao Wang

Peimei Da

Zhe Zhang

Song Luo

Liming Liao

Zeyuan Sun

Xuechu Shen

Shiwei Wu

Gengfeng Zheng

Zhanghai Chen
title: Lasing from lead halide perovskite semiconductor microcavity system.
venue: Nanoscale
year: 2018

abstract: Organic inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors with the attractive physics properties, including strong photoluminescence (PL) huge oscillator strengths, and low nonradiative recombination losses, are ideal candidates for studying the light matter interaction in nanostructures. Here, we demonstrate the coupling of the exciton state and the cavity mode in the lead halide perovskite microcavity system at room temperature. The Purcell effect in the coupling system is clearly observed by using angle resolved photoluminescence spectra. Kinetic analysis based on time resolved PL reveals that the spontaneous emission rate of the halide perovskite semiconductor is significantly enhanced at resonance of the exciton energy and the cavity mode. Our results provide the way for developing electrically driven organic polariton lasers, optical devices, and on chip coherent quantum light sources.
author_names: Jun Wang

Runan Cao

Peimei Da

Yafeng Wang

Tao Hu

Lingxiang Wu

Jian Lu

Xuechu Shen

Fei Xu

Gengfeng Zheng

Zhanghai Chen
title: Purcell effect in an organic inorganic halide perovskite semiconductor microcavity system
year: 2016

abstract: Hybrid organic inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising gain media for tunable, solution processed semiconductor lasers. However, continuous wave operation has not been achieved so far1 3. Here, we demonstrate that optically pumped continuous wave lasing can be sustained above threshold excitation intensities of ~17 kW cm 2 for over an hour in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) distributed feedback lasers that are maintained below the MAPbI3 tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition temperature of T 160 K. In contrast with the lasing death phenomenon that occurs for pure tetragonal phase MAPbI3 at T 160 K (ref. 4) we find that continuous wave gain becomes possible at T 100 K from tetragonal phase inclusions that are photogenerated by the pump within the normally existing, larger bandgap orthorhombic host matrix. In this mixed phase system, the tetragonal inclusions function as carrier recombination sinks that reduce the transparency threshold, in loose analogy to inorganic semiconductor quantum wells, and may serve as a model for engineering improved perovskite gain media.Optically pumped continuous wave lasing is achieved in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) distributed feedback lasers that are maintained below the MAPbI3 tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition temperature of 160 K.
author_names: Yufei Jia

Ross A Kerner

Alex J Grede

Barry P Rand

Noel C Giebink
title: Continuous wave lasing in an organic inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor
year: 2017

abstract: A rational design and construction of white light emitting components based on semiconductor materials are extremely important in lighting and display technologies.[1 4] In general, there are two reasonable approaches developed to realize the white light source. They are the synthesis of semiconductor alloy nanostructures with widely tunable band gaps,[5 7] and the construction of a white lighting emitter with various single band gap semiconductors that have monochromatic luminescence with high quantum efficiency.[8 10] However, white light generated from red green blue emitters based on semiconductor nanostructures has been known as the major challenge in the solid state lighting community.[1,2,8,9] For example, a suitable mix for white light radiation with favorable wavelengths and intensity ratios, proper color rendering index, and high stability is still lacking.[11,12] Recently, perovskite materials have brought a variety of new opportunities for the advancement of nanophotonics and optoelectronics.[13 23] In particular, inorganic metal halide perovskites, such as cesium lead halide perovskites, have drawn enormous attention because they show great promises for various photoelectric applications, such as the natural highquality whispering gallery mode (WGM) or Fabry Perot (F P) resonators,[16,17,24 26] laser cooling,[18] solar cells,[27 30] and light emitting diodes.[31 33] Moreover, they also exhibit a broad band gap tunability for multifunctional devices and circuits covering the entire visible spectrum.[19,20] Therefore, these unusual semiconductor materials may offer the opportunity to design novel white light emitting devices in future full color displays. Currently, solution based synthesis methods have been commonly used to realize the band gap tunable cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X Cl, Br, I) quantum dots.[34 37] Protesescu et al. reported a new avenue for the growth of CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals by the solution phase method, which shows bright emissions with a wide color gamut.[38] In comparison, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is another attractive approach for the synthesis of diverse Wavelength tunable nano/microlasers are essential components for various highly integrated and multifunctional photonic devices. Based on the different band gap/composition of inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite materials, broad band light absorption and emission devices can be achieved. Herein, a vapor liquid solid route for growing cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X Cl, Br, I) microcrystal structures is demonstrated. These square shaped microstructures exhibit strong blue, green, and red photoluminescence, indicating that their band gaps can be engineered to cover the entire visible range. Optically pumped red green blue whispering gallery mode lasers based on the controlled composition of these microcrystals are successfully realized at room temperature. Moreover, rationally designed white light emitting chips with high brightness are fabricated utilizing these metal halide perovskite microstructures grown on sapphire. All these results evidently suggest a feasible route to the design of red green blue lasers and white light emitters for potential applications in full color displays as well as photonic devices. Perovskite Microlasers
author_names: Pengfei Guo

Mohammad Kamal Hossain

Xia Shen

Haibin Sun

Wenchao Yang

Chao Liu

Chun Yuen Ho

Cheuk Kai Gary Kwok

Sai-Wing Tsang

Yongsong Luo

Johnny C Ho

Kin Man Yu
title: Room Temperature Red Green Blue Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing and White Light Emission from Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite (CsPbX3, X Cl, Br, I) Microstructures
year: 2018

abstract: The CH3NH3PbI3 (methylammonium lead triiodide) perovskite semiconductor system has been viewed as a blockbuster research material during the last five years. Because of its complicated architecture, several of its technological, physical and geometrical issues have been examined many times. Yet this has not assisted in overcoming a number of problems in the field nor in enabling the material to be marketed. For instance, these studies have not clarified the nature and type of hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions involved; the origin of hysteresis; the actual role of the methylammonium cation; the nature of polarity associated with the tetragonal geometry; the unusual origin of various frontier orbital contributions to the conduction band minimum; the underlying phenomena of spin orbit coupling that causes significant bandgap reduction; and the nature of direct to indirect bandgap transition features. Arising from many recent reports, it is now a common belief that the I**H N interaction formed between the inorganic framework and the ammonium group of CH3NH3+ is the only hydrogen bonded interaction responsible for all temperature dependent geometrical polymorphs of the system, including the most stable one that persists at low temperatures, and the significance of all other noncovalent interactions has been overlooked. This study focussed only on the low temperature orthorhombic polymorph of CH3NH3PbI3 and CD3ND3PbI3, where D refers deuterium. Together with QTAIM, DORI and RDG based charge density analyses, the results of density functional theory calculations with PBE with and without van der Waals corrections demonstrate that the prevailing view of hydrogen bonding in CH3NH3PbI3 is misleading as it does not alone determine the a b+a tilting pattern of the PbI64 octahedra. This study suggests that it is not only the I**H/D N, but also the I**H/D C hydrogen/deuterium bonding and other noncovalent interactions (viz. tetrel pnictogen and lump hole bonding interactions) that are ubiquitous in the orthorhombic CH3NH3PbI3/CD3ND3PbI3 perovskite geometry. Their interplay determines the overall geometry of the polymorph, and are therefore responsible in part for the emergence of the functional optical properties of this material. This study also suggests that these interactions should not be regarded as the sole determinants of octahedral tilting since lattice dynamics is known to play a critical role as well, a common feature in many inorganic perovskites both in the presence and the absence of the encaged cation, as in CsPbI3/WO3 perovskites, for example.
author_names: Pradeep R Varadwaj

Arpita Varadwaj

Helder M Marques

Koichi Yamashita
title: Significance of hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions in determining octahedral tilting in the CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid organic inorganic halide perovskite solar cell semiconductor
venue: Scientific Reports
year: 2019

abstract: Semiconductor micro/nano cavities with high quality factor (Q) and small modal volume provide critical platforms for exploring strong light matter interactions and quantum optics, enabling further development of coherent and quantum photonic devices. Constrained by exciton binding energy and thermal fluctuation, only a handful of wide band semiconductors such as ZnO and GaN have stable excitons at room temperature. Metal halide perovskite with cubic lattice and well controlled exciton may provide solutions. In this work, high quality single crystalline cesium lead halide CsPbX3 (X Cl, Br, I) whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities are synthesized by vapor phase van der Waals epitaxy method. The as grown perovskites show strong emission and stable exciton at room temperature over the whole visible spectra range. By varying the halide composition, multi color (400 700 nm).WGM excitonic lasing is achieved at room temperature with low threshold 2.0 mJ cm 2) and high spectra coherence ~0.14 0.15 nm) The results advocate the promise of inorganic perovskites towards development of optoelectronic devices and strong light matter coupling in quantum optics.
author_names: Qing Zhang

Rui Su

Xinfeng Liu

Jun Xing

Tze Chien Sum

Qihua Xiong
title: High Quality Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing from Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets
year: 2016

abstract: The remarkable performance of lead halide perovskites in solar cells can be attributed to the long carrier lifetimes and low non radiative recombination rates, the same physical properties that are ideal for semiconductor lasers. Here, we show room temperature and wavelength tunable lasing from single crystal lead halide perovskite nanowires with very low lasing thresholds (220 nJ cm( 2) and high quality factors (Q 3,600) The lasing threshold corresponds to a charge carrier density as low as 1.5 x 10(16) cm( 3) Kinetic analysis based on time resolved fluorescence reveals little charge carrier trapping in these single crystal nanowires and gives estimated lasing quantum yields approaching 100% Such lasing performance, coupled with the facile solution growth of single crystal nanowires and the broad stoichiometry dependent tunability of emission colour, makes lead halide perovskites ideal materials for the development of nanophotonics, in parallel with the rapid development in photovoltaics from the same materials.
author_names: Haiming Zhu

Yongping Fu

Fei Meng

Xiaoxi Wu

Zizhou Gong

Qi Ding

Martin V Gustafsson

M Tuan Trinh

Song Jin

X-Y Zhu
title: Lead halide perovskite nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds and high quality factors.
venue: Nature materials
year: 2015

abstract: Quantum dots (QDs) are considered useful for demonstrating quantum phenomena in undergraduate laboratories due to their monodisperse size and excellent optical properties. Although doping has an increasingly important role in QD fabrication in the semiconductor field, it has rarely been discussed in the context of the undergraduate laboratory. In this work, a simple synthesis and characterization method for Mn doped CsPbCl3 QDs for an upper level undergraduate inorganic chemistry laboratory is reported. The Mn doped CsPbCl3 system benefits from a simplified synthesis and straightforward characterization. This experiment introduces QD research to students and offers opportunities for instructors to discuss many important concepts in inorganic chemistry, such as energy band theory, particle in a box model, electron paramagnetic resonance, ligand field theory, and nanochemistry.
author_names: Hanjun Yang

Winnie Fan

Katie Hills-Kimball

Ou Chen

Li-Qiong Wang
title: Introducing Manganese Doped Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Simple Synthesis Illustrating Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors
venue: Journal of Chemical Education
year: 2019

abstract: Sustained stimulated emission under continuous wave (CW) excitation is a prerequisite for new semiconductor materials being developed for laser gain media. Although hybrid organic inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted much attention as optical gain media, the demonstration of room temperature CW lasing has still not been realized. Here, we present a critical step towards this goal by demonstrating CW amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in a phase stable perovskite at temperatures up to 120 K. The phase stable perovskite maintains its room temperature phase while undergoing cryogenic cooling and can potentially support CW lasing also at higher temperatures. We find the threshold level for CW ASE to be 387 W cm 2 at 80 K. These results indicate that easily fabricated single phase perovskite thin films can sustain CW stimulated emission, potential at higher temperatures as well, by further optimization of the material quality in order to extend the carrier lifetimes.In order to develop perovskite based lasers and LEDs for applications, their potential as room temperature CW pumped gain materials has to be established. Here, Brenner et al. demonstrate cw pumped amplified spontaneous emission up to 120 K from a hybrid organic inorganic halide perovskite layer.
author_names: Philipp Brenner

Ofer Bar-On

Marius Jakoby

Isabel Allegro

Bryce Sydney Richards

Ulrich Wilhelm Paetzold

Ian A Howard

Jacob Scheuer

Uli Lemmer
title: Continuous wave amplified spontaneous emission in phase stable lead halide perovskites
venue: Nature Communications
year: 2019

abstract: We report optically pumped random lasing in planar methylammonium lead iodide perovskite microcrystal networks that form spontaneously from spin coating. Low thresholds 100 mm and spatially overlap with one another, resulting in chaotic pulse to pulse intensity fluctuations due to gain competition. These results demonstrate this class of hybrid organic inorganic perovskite as a platform to study random lasing with well defined, low level disorder, and support the potential of these materials for use in semiconductor laser applications.
author_names: Rijul Dhanker

Alyssa N Brigeman

Alec V Larsen

Robert J Stewart

John B Asbury

Noel C Giebink
title: Random lasing in organo lead halide perovskite microcrystal networks
year: 2014