The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — 1855-10-23 (Liverpool, Merseyside, England)

USTRALIA.  Ting ship Marco Polo, Captain Clarke, arrived ou Saturday from Melbourne, with ad flees to the 25th July, 360 passengers, 125,000 ounces of gold on freight, 450 bales- wool, and 120 tons smelted copper. The Royal Mail ship White Star and British Trident, hence, had arrived at Melbourne, the former on the 17th, and the latter on the 18th July. The Legislative Council had been prorogued to the 4th of Sept., but it would not meet for the despatch of business until December. Mr. O'Shanassy had given notice of motion to the effect that, whether the new constitution should have answered or not, responsible government should be introduced without further delay. The revenue returns to the 30th of June showed a decrease on the year of £70,729 14s. ; on the quarter corresponding with the same time last year the decrease was £171,917 Os. 7d. The total income for the year was £3,148,847 14s. 2d. Trade was dull, employment scarce, wages much lowered, and the necessaries of life exorbitantly dear. Many of the government works had been stopped for want of funds.  Some new diggings had been discovered in the Whipstick Scrub, about fourteen miles from Sandhurst. An expedition was about to start from Sydney to explore the interior of the Australian continent.  Mr. IV. A. Eyre, who formerly held a commission in the British army, had committed suicide by cutting his throat. He has a wife and large family in England. On the voyage to-had been drinking to excess. At Geelong a numerously attended meeting of Scotehmen had been held, for the purpose of affording relief to the suffering poor of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and also to discuss the position of many of the working class of Highlanders in the colony, relative to certain debts due by them to the Highland and Island Emigration Society. At Adelaide, on the 17th July, the weather was mild and seasonable. The necessaries of life were very dear. The number of unemployed single young women supported at government expense in Adelaide was 519, and on board ships at Port Adelaide 376.  Arrangements will soon be made to save the expenses attending the transmission of wools 00 miles by railway, the consideration for which has to be paid by the producer of the wool, and the consumer (notwithstanding the extra cost) is at a greater disadvantage. This will be obviated as soon as sales are properly commenced in Liverpool; and if once tried on a large scale are certain to be continued. On comparing the rates of freight from Sydney and Melbourne to London and Liverpool, it will be seen that the difference is upwards of 5 per cent. on the declared value in favour of Liverpool; or, in the- phraseology of the Scotch banker, "five bales out of every hundred" are taken for freight from Sydney to London more- than from Melbourne to Liverpool. If the clip of Port Philip is estimated at £1,000,0004 by this means a saving is effected of no less than £50,000, which would otherwise have come directly from the pocket of the shipping owner. This is a consideration which cannot be overlooked, and- the parties offering it must ultimately succeed in the undertaking. There is no doubt when a market is established in Melbourne —which both merchants and squatters agree is necessary— wools will be brought here from the neighbouring colonies, inasmuch as it will pay them to send it this way. The central position of Melbourne-marks it at once to be the metropolis of Australia.  The transactions in tallow for shipment during the last two. months have been limited, nearly the whole being taken for consumption at extreme- rates. Good description of mutton selling at £6O to £65. Mixed beef and low mutton, £37 to £4O. Hides, salted, each, lls-. to 12s. ad. Sheepskins (country), 2s. to 2s. 6d. Heights to Liverpool, 40s. Freights on wool to Liverpool, id. to London,  ITARRATITTE OF THE FRENZY OF JOHN R I all. T. (AF