The Potteries Examiner : — 1873-09-13 (Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England)

INDIA.—Iron-produciag minerals are widely scattered over India. There are magnetic and specular iron ores and hematite in beds and veins; there are clay iron ores from the coal-bearing strata; and there are surface deposits derived from the waste of metamorphic and sedimentary strata, and from laterite. The latter formation contains from 20 to 30 per cent. of iron. Some of the most remarkable deposits of magnetic iron ores are in the Salem district of the Madras Presidency. The ores occur in immense beds, 50 to 100 feet thick, and the outcrop may be traced for miles. On one hill, six miles from Salem, there are five bands of magnetic iron from 20ft. to 50ft. thick. Other districts are equally rich. The surface deposits supply the greater proportion of ores used by native smelters, but much labour is necessary in the collection. Iron has been manufactured in India from time immemorial, and iron weapons are found in the ancient cromlechs and kistvaens, but there were never any large works. The production of iron is the work of people of very low caste, scattered over the country. They have small clay furnaces, with charcoal for fuel, and the blast caused by foot or hand bellows. The smelting goes on for eight or ten hours, at the end of which time from 10Ibs. to 20bs. weight of iron is found at the bottom of the furnace; this is purified by re-heating and hammering, and the resulting iron is generally of excellent quality; but the native mankfacture is rapidly decreasing, owing to the difficulty of obtaining charcoal. All attempts by the English to manufacture iron in India have utterly failed. This year's Statement relating to India notices that the Government are now once more anxious to foster the iron manufacturing industry of India. Last year Mr. Bauerman was sent out to report on the subject. The increased price of iron is most favourable to the prospect of the manufacture proving profitable in India. The use of Indian coal for smelting iron has never yet been tried.  At Middlesborough, on Tuesday, there was a large attendance at the iron market. Makers continued to quote 102 s. 64. to 1055., but merchants and buyers generally were not disposed to give more than 100,. No. 3, and, except in specially urgent cases, this may be taken as the ruling rate, No. 4 being 925. 64. The returns of the Cleveland Ironmasters Association for last month show that there were, on the 31st of August, 61,317 tons of iron in the hands of the make'', being an increase of 11,886 tons on duly. Towards this the make was increased by 1,586 tons. The make of the North of England during August was 168,027 tons. Foreign shipments were 30,683 tons, an increase of 889 tons upon the corresponding month of the previous year. The demand for fieished is not quite so promising as was the cases week since, though some rail orders are shortly anticipated. The ruling rates for rails are from 211 to £ll 10s., and plates 212 15s. to £l3. Coals and coke are mostly quite as firm. There has been a slightly improved demand for manufacturing qualities of late. Prices about the same.  TRIAL OF THE TICHBORNE CLAIMANT At the trial of the Claimant, on Friday, more Tich- , born witnesse- were examined, and swore that the defondant Was Roger Tiehborue. In the course of the trial an aniusiog incident occurred. A West End hairdresser, who hi Leen employed by the defi.n.lant, was asked if he hal put grease on his hair. The witness, aghast, repeated the word " Grease!" after the learned counsel, and then, shocked to the soul that he used anything Ha vulgar, turned to the Bench and said, "My Lord, lam asked if I put some grease on." It is gratifying not to have to report that the witness • fainted. It appeared that he used a mixture called . " Euchrasy," which he sail his customers were able to remember by terming it' You are crazy." Both the Claimant and Dr. Kenealy were enthusiastically cheered by an immense crowd outside Westminster Hull, on Monday. The first witness called was Andrew Bogle, the late Sir Edward Doughty's black servant, who swore defendant was Roger. The latter's I band and feet were small, and the hair WS, dark I brown, lie uHyl to smoke a great lied. He was not tattooed. t\ (ions had seen Roger null Miss Doughty out walking together by themselves in the January of i 1852. Bogle then detailed his interview with the de. fendant in Australia, and how they came to England together. He had never given the defendant any information. Defendant, he admitted, supported both witness and hi 1 son.  On the resumption of the trial on Tuesday morning Dr. Kenealey called attention to a letter from the Treasury solicitor, stating that the expenses of witnesses whose addresses had not been delivered to the prosecution before September 1 would not be allowed. After some discussion, the Judges emphatically approved the course taken by the Treasury. The crossexamination of the coloured witness, Bogle, was then proceeded with. One of the Tit:hi:same witnesses, Mr. Cockle, a news agent, of Surbiton, whose evidence was expected to be both novel and important, was found dead and shockingly mutilated, on the down line of the London and South- Western Railway, near Surbiton. He had been desponding for some time past. Evidence was given at the inquest to show that deceased could have got on the line, la that several goods trains passed between the tiine the deceased was missing and when the body was found. Dr. Coleman, of Surbiton, proved that death resulted from injury to the head, which no doubt was caused by the guard iron of the engine at the time the deceased was lying with his head on the rails. The Jury returned a verdict of `; Suicide while in a state of unsound mind."  At the trial, on Wednesday morning, Andrew Bogle was re-examined by Dr. Kenealy. He said that after Sir Edward Doughty purchased Upton Lady Tichborne visited there every two or three years. In answer to the Lord Chief Justice, he said he could not fix any date when defendant asked him to get into the house and look at the pictures. He mentioned none in particular. Mrs. Burt,who had lived at the mill at Cheri. ton, recognised the defendant as Roger Tichborne, as did James Houlaton, a rate-collector at Poole; but the latter admitted that the defendant's hair was not like Roger's, that his voice was different, and that he was very much altered. One or two other witnesses having identified the defendant as Roger Tichborne, the Court again adjourned.