The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — 1855-10-23 (Liverpool, Merseyside, England)

USTRALIA.  TEE ship Marco Polo, Captain Clarke, arrived on Saturday from Melbourne, with adfices to the 25th July, 350 passen• gers, 125,000 ounces of gold on freight, 450 bales wool, and 120 tons smelted copper.  The Royal Mail chip White Star and British Trident, hence, had arrived at Melbourne, the former on the 17th, and the latter on the 18th July. The Legislative Council had been prorogued to the 4th of Sept., but it would not meet for the despatch of business until December. Mr. O'Shanassy had given notice of motion to the effect that, whether the new constitution should have answered or not, responsible government should be introduced without further delay. The revenue returns to the 30th of June showed a decrease on the year of £70,729 145.; on the quarter corresponding with the same time last year the decrease was £171,917 Os. 7d. The total income for the year was £3,148,847 14s. 2d. Trade was dull, employment scarce, wages much lowered, and the necessaries of life exorbitantly dear. Many of the government works had been stopped for want of funds.  Some new diggings had been discovered in the WhipstiCk Scrub, about fourteen miles from Sandhurst.  An expedition was about to start from Sydney to explore the interior of the Australian continent.  Mr. W. A. Eyre, who formerly held a commission in the British army, had committed suicide by cutting his throat. He has a wife and laige family in England. On the voyage he had been drinking to excess. At Geelong a numerously attended meeting of Scotchmen had been held, for the purpose of affording relief to the suffering poor of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and also to discuss the position of many of the working class of Highlanders in the colony, relative,to certain debts due by them to the Highland and Island Emigration Society. At Adelaide, on the 17th July, the weather was mild and seasonable. The necessaries of life were very dear. The number of unemployed single young women supported at government expense in Adelaide was 519, and on board ships at-Port-Adelaide 376.  Arrangements will soon be made to save the expenses attending the transmission of wools 200 miles by railway, the consideration for-which has. to be paid by the producer of the. woos,• and the consumer (notwithstanding the extra cost) bat a greater disadvantage. This- will be obviated as soon as sales are properly commencect in Liverpool; and if once-tried on a large scale are certain to be continued. On comparing the rates of freight from Sydney and Melbourne to London and Liverpool, it will be seen that the difference is upwards of 5 per cent. on the declared value in favour of Liverpool; or, in the phraseology of the Scotdr banker, "five bales out of every hundred" are taken for freiglt from Sydney to London more than from Melbourne to Liverpool. If the clip of Port Philip is estimated at £1,000;000,: by this means a saving is effected of no less than £50,000;. which would otherwise• have come directly from the pocket of the shipping owner. This is a consideration which cannot be overlooked, and the parties offering it must ultimately succeed in the undertaking. There is no doubt when a market is establishediin Melbourne —which both merchants and squatters agree is• necessary— wools will be brought here from the neighbouring colonies, inasmuch as it will pay them to send it this way. The central position of Melbourne marks it at once to be the metropolis of Australia.  The transactions in tallOw for shipment during thelast two months have been limited, nearly the whole being taken for consumption at extreme rates-. Good description of mutton selling- at £6O to £65. Mixed beef and low mutton, 4337 to ZIO: Hides, salted, each, lls, to 12s. 6d. Sheepskins(country), 2.5. to 2s. 6d. Feights to Liverpool. 40s. Freightson wool to Liverpool, id. ; to London, id.  NABIZATIVE OF TtTE