The Manchester Examiner. — 1848-05-06 (Manchester, Greater Manchester, England)

AMERICA AND MEXICO.  The royal mail steamer Hibernia, from New York and Halifax, arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday morning, after a voyage of thirteen days and a half, including her calling and stay at Halifax. She sailed on the 19th ult. and besides the usual mails has brought 103 passengers and about X 95,000 in specie. In commercial news the most remarkable feature is the rapid advance in the rate of exchange, which stood at 111, whilst it was estimated that the Hibernia and Washington steamers, which latter was to sail on the 20th, would take to Europe a sum of 700,000 dollars. Specie in fact, of all kinds was at a premium. Sovereigns of full weight were worth 4.90, Napoleons 3.90, Mexican dollars 1 to 11 prem. The reason of this advance is said to be the strenuous efforts making by the French and German houses to place funds in the hands of their European correspondents, as they are aware that the consignments of late sent to them cannot be realised. We are sorry to learn the not unexpected news, that the suspension of banks and other establishments in France has paralysed all the French houses, and that several, amongst whom are the following, have been overthrown : Messrs. Columb and Iselin, Pellot and Barbur,A. Rosier and Co. and Fox and Livingston, the owners of the Havre line of packets. The effects of the heavy shipments of coin has been to render money tight, and business very dull, the exports of both cotton and bread-stuffs very light, and in the latter at declining prices. Our transatlantic friends find all their calculations set aside, or turned contrary to their hopes and expectations, and are obliged to confess that the course of events in Europe has completely disappointed them. Instead of large imports of foreign goods, sent for unlimited sale to realise means for Europe, they are receiving back American stocks heretofore held abroad, and now returned on their hands; so that, instead of an accession of capital, they are losing the use of some they had before; instead of large amounts of capital being sent there, as an asylum for safe and profitable investment, and turning the exchanges in their favour, the exact opposite has occurred. The rate of exchange on London has advanced to 111, and specie is leaving their shores in quantities that is only limited by the want of insurers to take the risks.  The secretary of the treasury has issued his notice inviting proposals for the sixteen millions of dollars loan, to be sent in by the 17th of June next. Meetings of sympathisers with the recent revolution in France, and the revolutionary movements in Germany, &c. continue to be held in all the large cities; and on some occasions the flags of the United States, the tri-colour, the Polish, the green flag of Ireland, and the new German republican flags, have been blended together. The German meetings have been largely attended, and at several collections have been made in aid of the republican movements in the different nations of Germany. A gentleman of extensive information, who is a representative of one of the German governments, calculates that the Germans and their immediate descendants in the United States amounted to nearly 5,000,000 of the population, and that the following are fair estimates of Germans in several cities :—New York, 60,000; Philadelphia, 30,000; Baltimore, 25,000; Cincinnati, 35,000; St. Louis, 10,000; Pittsburg, 8,000; New Orleans, 10,000; Louisville, 5,000. In the senate, the Foreign Mail Postage Bill was passed; it is a retaliatory measure upon the British government. The Acadia steamer, which sailed on the Bth April, had arrived at Halifax on the 22nd, and left for Boston. _ _ _ _  The news from Mexico is by no means of a decided, or, indeed, of a very interesting character. Santa Anna had received a passport from the American commander at Orizaba, and a brig had been chartered to convey him from Mexico—probably for ever. He was to embark at Antigua, near Vera Cruz. General Scott was hourly expected at Vera Cruz, en route for the United States. General Pillow was still under trial by the court-martial. Under a conviction that the treaty .of peace would be ratified by the Mexi.can congress at Queretaro, the United States troops were making preparations for leaving the capital, and the civil authority had been partially resumed by the Mexicans. A duel had been fought at Carnargo, between Lieutenants Maddox and M`Pherson, the latter killed. The Mexicans and Indians had resumed hostilities near Santa Fe. Lieut. Scull, of the United States artillery, had committed suicide. The New Orleans Picayune notices the arrival at that port, by the British steamer Avon, of news to the effect that General Rostoland and M. Hnsson, charged by the French provisional government with the emancipation of slaves in the French West Indies, had landed at Bermuda, and proceeded to Martinique, Guadaloupe, &c. It is understood that these gentlemen are commissioned to act as circumstances and their discretion might dictate, either in effecting immediate or gradual emancipation. It was reported that Paredes had headed a revolutionary movement at Queretaro.