The Manchester Examiner. — 1848-01-15 (Manchester, Greater Manchester, England)

MEXICO.  The news is important. During the sitting of the Mexican congress at Queretaro, Santa Anna issued another pronunciamento against the provisional government, and called on the country to organise a force of 50,000 men to renew the war. He placed himself at the head of (some reports say) 16,000 men, and threatened the congress, the majority of which, it is said, was in favour of peace. The result was that the congress broke up in confusion, and the members were retiring from Queretaro in disguise. General Anaya was elected president of Mexico on the 11th of November. He has once before been provisional president. His present term of office extends only-to the Bth of January next. He is known to be in favour of peace. In forming his cabinet he continued Mora y Villamil in the war department, and made Pena y Pena, late the president, his secretary of state. The whole administration is in favour of an honourable peace, and one of its first acts was to despatch a commission to the city of Mexico to re-open negociations with Mr. Trist. The commissioners were Senors Couto, Artistain, and Cuevas, and Gen. Rincon, the first two having been on the former commission. Mr. Trist's powers had been revoked prior to the arrival of the commission, and as Gen. Scott possessed no power to treat with them, the commission retired at once to Queretaro. President Anaya in his inaugural address, after alluding to the difficulties of the country, says—" The federal system is the only one calculated to save a people in a situation so dangerous as ours. To seek now a remedy in new systems, or in new revolutions, would be to give up the republic without defence and without remorse to the enemy who tore down our national flag from the palace where the victorious Iturbide planted it with his own hands." Generals Worth and Pillow, and Colonel Duncan, had been arrested, by order of General Scott. They are charged with reflecting in an improper manner upon the General-inChief of the American army. The charge is founded upon their correspondence, which has fallen into his hands. The troops who had gone southward had been guilty of many acts of violence upon the people of the lower portion of the territory. It was reported that General Scott would soon have from 25,000 to 30,000 men under his command. The Apache Indians had charged into the rio, or inclosure, and drove off 200 bead of cattle, killing three men in the employment of Mr. Thorp, and destroying all the waggons. Various rumours of mutiny had existed. Captain Smithson had resigned on account of state charges preferred against him. There were only 500 men left at Santa Fe. Three thousand Mexican troops were busy at Chihauhua in erecting fortifications, and mounting cannon on the castle and the other defensive works. Santa Fe had been the scene of a most frightful massacre of Indians. The Camanche Indians were making descents in large force upon the Mexican settlements in the north-western departments, robbing, murdering, and plundering in every direction. Major Lane, of the Texan cavalry, with sixty men, encountered them, and had a fight with them. A larger force had been pressed forward to his assistance, to enable him to drive them back to their own hunting grounds. A beginning had been made to raise for the American army the means of maintaining itself in the occupation of Mexico. General Scott had issued a general order that no gold or silver should be shipped from any port in Mexico till the orders of the government at home were received as to the fixing of a rate of export duty. He had further ordered that the rents for houses or quarters for officers or troops should cease after existing contracts had expired, and, in future, necessary quarters will be "first demanded" of the civil authorities, but if these authorities should fail promptly to comply, "then the commanding officer, in every such case, following out the same principle of giving the least distress practicable to the unoffending inhabitants, will cause the necessary buildings to be occupied."