The Sun. — 1862-03-12 (London, England)

CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN MAILS.  The Sultan, with the above mails, left Malta for Marseilles on the 10th inst., at 5 p.m. The Pera, with the heavy portion of the mails, sailed at seven the same evening. She may be expected at Southampton about the 19th inst.  relation between the peasants and the landowners arrived at. The latter.have shown the most generous and friendly disposition to benefit their less fortunate countrymen, and thus the bonds of mutual attachment, as the children of the same cruelly oppressed country, have been strengthened and rivetted. For in spite of the diabolical machinations of the Russian agents and particularly the wish to sow dissensions between the peasantry and the land proprietors, a feeling of mutual confidence has never been disturbed. It is impossible now to enter into all the details of this new law, and we must wait until it has been sanctioned by the Emperor and promulgated. Whatever has been effected in this respect must be entirely ascribed to the efforts of the Agricultural Society, which has done so much for the well-being of the peasants and prosperity of the country— efforts which, as you know, were stopped by the Marquis Wielopolski on his accession to power, but the fruits of which he himself used afterwards for another plan with very few modifications, which is now the subject of the deliberations of the Council of State. On the other hand, the Minister of Justice, M. Dembowski, is preparing a new bill for the better administration of the criminal law, and has summoned to his aid men specially informed on the subject, whom he is most anxious to consult. It is even rumoured that there is some idea of in. troducing a trial by jury. A trial by jury under the Russian Government sounds like a mockery, and I should not he surprised to see all these grand reforms announced by the official journals here, merely to dazzle the eyes of France and England, vanish away like all other solemn promises ema• nating from the Russian monarchs. Still the people submit to their fate, in which they are encouraged by their new archbishop, who seems to gain a great power over almost all the minds of the population except the students. Simple and affable, with the thorough meekness of a Christian, he has accomplished by his preaching and example what the Russians could not effect by wholesale murder and transportation to Siberia. The national hymns are not to be heard any longer in the churches, and every one relies on the word of their worthy prelate. A true Pole by birth, and a patriot at heart, he declined to fill up the vacancies of the priests despatched to Siberia, when asked by Government to do so, stating that the Emperor had promised them a free pardon, and that they should return to their former posts. This is an unexpected blow levelled at the Government by a man of their own choice, and it only shows that a good Pole will never change, whatever may be the place of his avocations, as St. Petersburg was that of the present archbishop. We have received some copies of the letters addressed to Earl Russell by Mr. George Mitchell, lately published in London. They are perused here with avidity, though, like the clandestine journals in this city, they pass from hand to hand secretly ; and Mr.-Mitchell, after the barbarous treatment which he received from the Russian soldiers during his stay inWarsaw in October last, has been classed, and most justly so, not only among the friends of, but among the great sufferers for, the cause of Poland. The publication of these letters is a living and fresh testimony of the way in which the Poles are governed by Russia. The great impression which the meetings in favour of Poland recently held in England produced in France has extended here, as many French papers circulate in this country, and the interest as well as the sympathy of the English people awakened by such demonstrations are really a balm of consolation poured into the hearts of the oppressed Poles. Let us hope that the numerous petitions which are being presented to Parliament from all parts of England in behalf of Polish rights and nationality will have the effect of inducing the British Government to urge upon Russia the fulfillment of her duties towards Poland as guaranteed by the treaties, in the formation of which Great Britain has taken a most conspicuous part.