The Sun. — 1863-05-23 (London, England)

POLAND.  FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. CRACOW; May 19.  It is certain that the insurrection is spreading in the Polish provinces of Volhynia, Podolia, and the Ukraine, though it is difficult to obtain detailed news here from those distant provinces. An address from the Polish National Government in Lithuania to the inhabitants of the Polish provinces generally has just reached me. It is instructive as showing the sentiments of the Poles of the provinces usually claimed by Russia as belonging to her, both by race religion, language, and primitive occupation, and I subjoin a few extracts:— " Lithuanians and Ruthenians ! recollect your degradation and your ancient grievances; the foe has deprived you of everything that constitutes the moral and material prosperity of a country° Your towns, once flourishing, are destroyed ; agriculture and commerce is declining ; your national funds have become the prey of the Muscovite sbirri. But the savage invader has not stopped hero; after tearing you from Poland, with whom you are identified by five centuries of united existence, and by common misfortunes, he has violated all your rights, and destroyed all your liberties. For nearly a century he has been endeavouring to eradicate from your hearts the faith and language of your fathers, and to extinguish all enlightenment. He has either desecrated or ruined your churches, he has shut up your schools, even that institution of the Batorys, which has been your glory before the world. He has torn from you all that is the life of a nation ; even your virtues he calls crimes, and your patriotism, the holiest of earthly feelings, he punishes 'with Siberia and the knout. People of Lithuania and Ruthenia! observe and recognise those who have oppressed you. That same Czarina Catherine, who tore your fatherland in pieces, has extended to you the Mongol law of the Czar Godunow and loaded you with chains. With her reign began the first persecution of your people, the first Pori-tax, and ti2o fiat levy. And'  when your elder brethren, faithful to tradition and The Constitution of the 3d May, sworn to by your fathers, strove to free themselves from the yoke, who closed the halls of their councils and sent your defenders to Siberia ? The Muscovite Czars. Some years ago your brethren again demanded your freedom. Who, instead of giving you freedom, only changed the form of your slavery, giving you a Muscovite government so foreign to your customs, and so repugnant to yourselves? Who, while pretending to load you with freedom, has denied you that liberty which► is the most important of all, religious freedom, and murdered you for professing the faith of your fathers ? The Czar of Muscovy, religions and classes, brethren of Lithuania and Ruthenia! shall we in presence of the heroic struggle beyond the Nieman, in which the noblest Polish blood flows in an abundant stream, still humbly bend our neck to the shameful yoke of Muscovite slavery ? Shall we look on with indifference while Russia throws into its prisons or sends to Siberia all that is most worthy and most noble ? Shall we allow her to sow discord among us and arm our hands with fratricidal knives? No, this shall not be, Brethren ! the hour of our last struggle has struck, Lithuania and Ruthenia, faithful to their bond of union, will rise as one man to the war for religion and freedom,for the liberty of the people, in defence of its own independence, of order and of civilisation,"  Such are the noble words used by the Poles in stirring their brethren against the Russians. Let us now see what is the language of Russia to the raskolniks and others whom it employs to "restore on:en" The document from which I translate is of indisputable authenticity :  "