The Sun. — 1840-10-16 (London, England)

HOP. Mr. Cushing, a Member of Congress, is to take a leading part in opposing the claims of the British Government, and this gentleman has commenced his labours by publishing declamations against Messrs. Featherstonhaugh and Mudge, and also by misrepresenting the conduct of the Hudson Bay Company. The commercial intelligence is of an improving character, and the warlike aspect of affairs in Europe has not had any great influence on monetary and trading transactions. The speculating community of New York are feasting on the probability of great gains to be obtained by means of a war between the Allied Powers and France, which they expect will open a large and profitable carrying trade, and also furnish a good and ready market for tt-e sale of American produce. Freights for French ports had risen very considerably in consequence of the warlike aspect of affairs, and the Exchange on France has risen to sf. 15c., and was much in demand by French mercantile houses even at this increased rate. The insurance companies have also raised their premium 1 2 per cent. on French pro, pony shipped in American vessels bound to any port in France.  From Canada we learn that the Governor is considerably better, and that every disposition exists to carry out in an effectual manner the union or the two provinces.  Texas is become quiet, at least for a time, and there is no intalligance of importance from thence. The British Queen was to leave New York for Portsmouth and London at noon, on the Ist instant. She had 80 passengers, a large freight, and about 200,000 dollars in specie. The Britannia brings 60 passengers and a great number of letters. The attention of the whole country was absorbed in the election of a President. General Harrison, according to appearances, would be the successful candidate, in which event the whole policy of the country would be changed relative to the currency and commerce. The crops of all kinds were from 10 to 20 per cent. larger than they were in the previous year. The Florida war was apparently no nearer termination. Almost every mail brought the account of a man or a woman murdered, and sometimes three or four at a time.  New Orleans, Mobile, Charleston, and the other southern cities, that suffer altnos.t every season with yellow fever, had escaped this year with very little sickness of any kin 1.  The Oregan territory in the north-west, to which this cou:►try lays claim, was likely to be another fruitful source of disagreement. The union of the Canadas seems to be generally acceptable to the people, so far as we can judge from the tone of the press. There is no great degree of asperity exhibited now on either side of the line. The Upper Canada papers have a small ebullition of wrath at Brother Jonathan occasionally for some folly or other, but the feeling soon subsides and does not now, as formerly, run into malevolence. The approaching election, in a portion of Lower Canada, is the topic of much discussion in the pipers, and many of the candidates to the Colonial Assembly are canvassing their respective districts with much assiduity. The crops are represented to be unusually fine all over the provinces. Adviccs from Vera Cruz are up to the 28th of Au4ust, and from the capital to the 17th. The civil war in the capital was at an end, at least for the time being. It is difficult to get at the precise results of the s:rug,gle in Mexico. Our accounts have principally come through the organs of the Central party, and they of course deprecate the advantages gained by their opponents ; but it is not to be concealed that the Federalists have acquired a position that renders them extremely formidable. It is generally believed that Urrca tvilt retire to the province of Tamaulipas ; and it is easy to foresee that the strife is merely put off, provided the Federalists fiud some sympathy among the people. In fact, according to the terms of the Convention, the insurgent forces are not to be dispersed, but are to march to a place to be appointed by the Commander-in-Chief of the Centralists..  FANNY ELSSLER AND THE BUNKER HILL MONUmENT.-The Boston Courier pubitshes a correspondence between Fanny Elssler and President of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, by which it appears the danseuse makes known her intentions to give the Association the sum of 1,000 dollar, " or her professional services, at the discretion of the President and Cominitteee."