Glasgow Courier. — 1853-10-18 (Glasgow, Strathclyde, Scotland)

TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER IS.  We are sorry to say that the telegraphic despatch of last night is eminently warlike, and that, if it can be believed, a rupture between Turkey and Russia is inevitable. The Times, however, still holds out the prospect of an amicable termination, through negotiation, even though hostilities should actually commence.  The Brasil and River Plate mails arrived at Southampton on Saturday last by the steam-packet Tay. The accounts by this vessel are favourable, and business was active.  Mails have been received from the Cape to the 6th of August, at which date all was quiet within the colony and on the frontier. Much activity prevailed in the mercantile circles in consequence of the shipments to Australia, but this drain on the resources of the colony had caused an enormous rise in the price of all articles of consumption.  The American steam•packet Africa arrived at Liverpool from New-York on Sunday last, which port she left on the sth instant. Her intelligence is confined chiefly to discussions on the Kosta affair, in which we take little interest. Yellow fever was still raging in the southern provinces and along the banks of the Mississippi. There was little change in the trade market.  The Australian intelligence brought to Southampton, through Panama by the La Plata, does not strike us as possessing any particular interest, for though the dates come down to the 15th of July, we have had later, or as late, advices weeks ago through private channels. There is something wrong about the postal arrangements of that country, or we should have had news from it by the last India mail.  We give elsewhere the despatches from India and China brought by the last mail, the arrival of which we noticed last week. The dates are—China, 23d August; Calcutta, sth September ; Bombay, 12th September. The intelligence brought by this mail is of a very miscellaneous kind, though it cannot be recorded under any one specific head. It seems tolerably sure that the Chinese insurrection gathers strength as it advances, and there is even a report that Pekin had fallen, though there is no certification of that event. Should it turn out to be so, China Proper, in contradistinction to Eastern and Western Tartary, would be violently separated from what is now called the Chinese Empire, and a new order of things established in that country altogether ; but we are too ignorant of the true state of matters between the contending parties to justify any positive conclusions on the subject. Admiral Pellew, with the British squadron under his command, had destroyed a fleet of Chinese piratical vessels in Tylow Bay, and the details of the massacre of the captain and crew of the British brig Arratoon by the Chinese part of the seamen, on her voyage to Singapore and Calcutta, are communicated in the papers which have reached us. They are very hor. rible, and show the risks that trading vessels run by shipping native sailors. Trade at Canton was dull. There is nothing from India of much importance, but considerable uneasiness was obviously felt at Calcutta on the state of affairs in Burmah, which is, to say the least, anomalous. Ave, and the territory dependent on it, are quiet, and abundantly supplied with provisions; but the provinces ceded to us would seem to be suffering from scarcity and disease, and to be overrun with armed banditti, who plunder and murder the wretched natives. It is also said that the notorious robber-chief Meatoon was collecting a body of 10,000 men in Ave for the purpose of acting against the British, and that a Frenchman, by name D'Orgony, was drilling the Burmese troops in the capital. Sir John Cheape, therefore, anticipates an attack on Prome when the rainy season is over, and is preparing for a vigorous defence. Lord Dalhousie was at Calcutta busily engaged in the domestic improvements of India, and there was nothing fresh from the north-west frontier.