The Sun. — 1846-07-15 (London, England)

THE CALEDONIA.  The Britiii and North American Royal Mail steamship, Captain Lott, arrived here last night, about halfpast eleven o'clock. She sailed from Boston on the lit just., and Halifax on the 3d, making the passage, including her call and stay at Halifax, in about twelve days and a half. The Caledonia had 102 passengers and the semi-monthly mails from Canada and the Ur.ited States. The Britannia arrived at Halifax on the 2d inst. By this arrival we have received New York papers of the 30th tilt, being five days later than those brought over by the Great Western. We have also received New Orleans, Charleston, Philadelphia, Washington, and Boston papers to the latest dates, as well as files from several parts of Canada, and either ports of the British American provinces. The news in the United States papers, although it cannot be styled important, is on the whole of an interesting character, having special reference to the " American tariff," the Mexican war, affairs in Mexico, business prospects, &c. With regard to the tariff, we are informed by the papers just come to hand that the debate thereon was to be ended on the 2d inst. It seems that the fate of that measure is universally anticipated, as the public has made up its mind to reduce the tariff. In tte event of the House accevding to the fr,etrade " views of Mr. Secretary Walker, it is expected that Mr. Webster will propose a comproini,e in the Senate, and that his plan will finally pass both Houses of Congress without any serious or determined opposition.  There it; not any news of a definite character from the seat of War. Advices have been rcceived from Matamoras up to the 12th ult. In our summary of the news by the Great Western, we mentioned that General Taylor was on his way to Reinoso, in New Leon. The advicea come to hand by the Caledonia inform us that the inhabitants of that town had surrendered without resistance, and that the authorities of Camargo had sent a deputation to General Taylor, offering him full possession of that place. Tne facts have been blazoned forth in all the New York papers with an air of importance quite beyond their merits. To talk and write of such " brilliant achievements" as Lave been performed by the " army of occupation" is too bad. Paredes was collecting his forces at a mountain pass near . Monterey, where, .if anywhere, he will interrupt the march of the United States army. The western expedition into New Mexico was expected to take up its march from the Missouri between the 15th and 20th of June. Some of the leading Now York journals appear tired of the war, and would gladly have it ended. The United States Government are ready to receive any overtures that may be made by Mexico for arranging their ditfereneks' by other means, instead of murderous swurt`s and bayoners, and the'destructive volleys of great and ilea!l guns; notwithstanding the American Government are active and energetic in their preparations for prosecuting the war, should it be necessary to do so. Arms and ammunition, with a number of artillerymen, had been dispatched to the Pacific, and would be stationed either at Monterey or the Bay of San Francisco. It was reported both at Washingo and New York, previous to the sailing of the Caledonia, that Mr. M‘Duffie, the newly-appointed Chairman of the C9tninittee on Foreign Affairs, was preparing the basis .if an arrangement for the adjustment of the difficulties with Mexico, and it was confidently expected that he would submit his .plan to the President and the Senate before July 4.