The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — 1844-12-03 (Liverpool, Merseyside, England)

THE LEVANT MAIL.  CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 7.—The principal event of last week has been the removal from office of Rifaat Pasha, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the appointment in his place of Shekio Effendi, formerly Amb rssador at the Court of St. James's. Besides his mission to London, he was engaged as a diplomatist in the negotiations upon the settlement of the Greek question, and afterwards at the conference of Adrianople. On the 31st of October Sir Stratford Canning was admitted to an audience with the Sultan, when be presented a letter announcing the birth of Prince Alfred. The reception was in the usual form. His Highness has himself had an accession to his family in the birth of another son, being his third male child. Illuminations and rejoicings are to continue for a week.—Dr. Wolff is still at Me•hed, from which place he was unwilling to proceed till he had received an escort from Colonel Shen at Teheran. It is singular that, after crossing the desert of Mero and escaping from the Turcoman hordes, he should shrink from encountering dangers and difficulties comparatively trifling.—Letters from Trebizonde describe a very curious occurrence which took place there last month. A Mussulman Cadi having been murdered while on a journey, the assassins were seized by the Pasha, and, instead of being punished according to the usual forms of justice, were delivered to the kindred of man, by one of whom their throats were deliberately cut in the market-place. Such things were unheard of during the administration of Redschid Pasha. ALEXANDRIA, Nov. 6.—Things continue quiet in Egypt. Many surmises are made as to what steps will be taken by the Peninsular arid Oriental Company with regard to the refusal of Mehemet Ali to allow their steamers to ply any longer on the Nile. The general opinion is, that they will have to remove their steamers and leave the transit through Egypt entirely in the hands of the Paella. —Mr. Bourne has done nothing as yet with regard to the arrangements with Mehemet Ali for the transit of the India mails through Egypt, and it is not unlikely that this gentleman will have to return to England without effecting anything.—Prayers have been offered to Allah at the principal mosques at Cairo, by command of Mehemet Ali, to stop the too sudden decrease of the Nile ; but, as this is the season for the water to run off the land, this proceeding is by the initiated supposed to be only a manoeuvre on the pact of the Pasha to induce the merchants to offer him higher prices for his produce.—The works of the new fortificatious of Alexandria, under the direction of the French Colonel of Engineers, Gallice Bey, are progressing very steadily. The stone employed for this purpose is brought from some catacombs, situate about a mile and a half from the Rosetta-gate. Intelligence has been received from Syria up to the 27th of October. That country still remains in a very unsatisfactory state, occasioned by the weakness of the Turkish governm nt, which is de-pised and set at defiance by the various sheiks. Troops were arriving every week from Turk'y, whose object, it appears, is to disarm the population, and enforce the conscription. The Sheik Aboo Ghosh had entered the towns of Jaffa and Saida, and massacred the Governor of each place. The crop of olives will be immense this year ; but little or no advantage can be looked for to the country, whilst the whole benefit is absorbed by the temporary Governors of the several provinces.  It is said that Abd El Kader has dismissed the few soldiers who still followed him, and that he has removed into the interior of Morocco. 'I he Universal German Gazette states that the Russian Government has issued an ordonnonce forbidding all the inhabitants of Poland, without distinction, to marry before the age of thirty.