Star. — 1830-08-19 (London, England)

WITH CHINA. The Russians are said to be excluded from Canton in consequence of the privileges they enjoy of trading with China overland. Of the other European nations, those which have been mentioned as continuing to resort to Canton are, the French, the Dutch, the Swedes and Danes, and the Austrians ; but the trade of all these is comparatively trifling. The most important of them is the Dutch trade, which used to be conducted by a company with exclusive privileges, but is now thrown open. There is, however, a Netherlands Association, of modern formation, by which the Dutch China trade is principally conducted, and which appears to have been established with the hope of promoting the sale in China of Belgian manufactures. In that object the Netherlands Association failed ; and its returns in tea have caused • loss, it is said, of 25 per cent. on the capital employed. This Assedation is restricted from exporting B • it manufactures to China. Although the Dutch trade (u before observed) is principally carried on through the Netherlands Association, no such restrictions as to British manufactures is imposed upon Dutch private traders, who, however, in consequence of heavy losses, occasioned by competition with the Americans, are stated to have in a great measure abandoned the trade since 11125.  This trade of the Dutch has been carried on in ships of front 400 to 500 tons, and is conducted by resident agents in China, where there are two supercargoes and a consul. It does not appear that of late years the Dutch have experienced any difficulties in the transaction of business at Canton.  The Americans used to conduct an extensive carrying trade Prom China toHolland and other parts; but this has considerably fallen off, owing to the Dutch and other nations importing direct fur their own use. It has been stated, however, that the Americans can still com. pcte with the Dutch in their own market.  The aggregate of the American trade with China has increased since 1814 ; but latterly there has been a falling off: Their exports consist principally of dollars, which, even since they began to take British manufactures to Canton, have formed two-thirds of the total exported. The imports into America from China are chiefly teas aid manufactured silks. The latter article is said to yield the best return, though that has not always been the case.  Their tea trade was formerly very profitable; but, in consequence of ovcrtrading, encouraged by a system adopted in the United States of giving to the importers of tea a year's credit for the duties, it subsequently became a losing one. The American trade with China seems also to have suffered from the establishment (by authority of the Act of the b Geo. IV. cap 88) of the trade of the Company from China to Canada, which settlement was previously sup. plied, in a great measure, with tea smuggled from the United States.  That part of the American trade which relates to India and China, is stated not to labour under greater depression than any other trade of the United States ; and opinions have been expressed, that if conducted upon correct principles, and brought within proper limits, the American trade with China might still be profitable.  The Americana are said to navigate their ships at a less expense, not only than the Company, but than British merchants in general. Some of the American vessels are chartered by various persons in shares, each of whom may and often does send a supercargo ; but this is not done in all cues. Instances have been mentioned of the transactions of a voyage having been wholly, and without difficulty, managed in China by the commander of the ship ; but the more fre. quent practice is to employ a resident agent, it being thought that the business Is better arranged with the Chinese by persons of established confidence than by strangers. The American Consul, at Canton, acts as agent for those who choose to employ him ; and there are several American merchants who reside in China.  The Americans are well treated in Chins. Their trade is said to be popular there in consequence of the large importation of dollars ; and it has been interrupted only once since 1814. The cause of the interruption was an accidental homicide of a Chinese by an Italian seaman of an American ship. lie was given up to the local autho. titles : by their order he was put to death, and then the trade i was resumed. EFFECTS EXPECTED FROM THE AROLITION or