[test] add CI workflow for VCS installation
Author: XuehaiPan
Pull request: yes

# What does this PR do?

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Add a CI test for checking VCS installation (via URL or git repo). This workflow prevents potential breakage for [install from source](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/installation#install-from-source) installation method.

Ref:

- #22539
- #22658
- #22599


## Before submitting
- [ ] This PR fixes a typo or improves the docs (you can dismiss the other checks if that's the case).
- [X] Did you read the [contributor guideline](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#start-contributing-pull-requests),
      Pull Request section?
- [ ] Was this discussed/approved via a Github issue or the [forum](https://discuss.huggingface.co/)? Please add a link
      to it if that's the case.
- [ ] Did you make sure to update the documentation with your changes? Here are the
      [documentation guidelines](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/docs), and
      [here are tips on formatting docstrings](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/docs#writing-source-documentation).
- [x] Did you write any new necessary tests?


## Who can review?

Anyone in the community is free to review the PR once the tests have passed. Feel free to tag
members/contributors who may be interested in your PR.

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Models:

- text models: @ArthurZucker and @younesbelkada
- vision models: @amyeroberts
- speech models: @sanchit-gandhi
- graph models: @clefourrier

Library:

- flax: @sanchit-gandhi
- generate: @gante
- pipelines: @Narsil
- tensorflow: @gante and @Rocketknight1
- tokenizers: @ArthurZucker
- trainer: @sgugger

Integrations:

- deepspeed: HF Trainer: @stas00, Accelerate: @pacman100
- ray/raytune: @richardliaw, @amogkam

Documentation: @sgugger, @stevhliu and @MKhalusova

HF projects:

- accelerate: [different repo](https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate)
- datasets: [different repo](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets)
- diffusers: [different repo](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers)
- rust tokenizers: [different repo](https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizers)

Maintained examples (not research project or legacy):

- Flax: @sanchit-gandhi
- PyTorch: @sgugger
- TensorFlow: @Rocketknight1

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Comments:
The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/transformers/pr_22701). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

Or we can just leave the setup as is and there won't be any need for this new check :-)

> Or we can just leave the setup as is and there won't be any need for this new check :-)

The CI workflows in this PR can also benefit to check the viability of `transformers`' dependencies.

I think the ultimate solution is to ask the user to upgrade their `pip` first in the documentation:

```bash
pip install --upgrade pip setuptools  # upgrade to support PEP 660
pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers
```


This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. If you think this still needs to be addressed please comment on this thread.

Please note that issues that do not follow the [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) are likely to be ignored.