Torch.compile(model) causes Trainer to drop all columns of the dataset.
Author: filbe1
Pull request: no

### System Info

Hello.
I have a working model and I decided to try to speed up training by using torch.compile(). However when I pass the compiled model to the Trainer it seems like it cannot get the arguments of the forward function, so it promptly drops all columns of the dataset, reducing it's size to zero. 

When I pass remove_unused_columns=False to the TrainingArguments it works just fine, and it actually passes data to the forward function correctly.

The environment:

- `transformers` version: 4.34.1
- Platform: Linux-6.2.0-35-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
- Python version: 3.10.12
- Huggingface_hub version: 0.17.3
- Safetensors version: 0.4.0
- Accelerate version: 0.24.0
- Accelerate config: 	not found
- PyTorch version (GPU?): 2.1.0+cu121 (False)
- Tensorflow version (GPU?): not installed (NA)
- Flax version (CPU?/GPU?/TPU?): not installed (NA)
- Jax version: not installed
- JaxLib version: not installed
- Using GPU in script?: NO
- Using distributed or parallel set-up in script?: NO

@muellerz  @pacman100 



The model is a transformer encoder architecture.
Forward function's signature: `forward(self, src: Tensor, target: Tensor = None, labels: Tensor = None, src_mask: Tensor = None) -> Tensor:` 

### Who can help?

_No response_

### Information

- [ ] The official example scripts
- [X] My own modified scripts

### Tasks

- [ ] An officially supported task in the `examples` folder (such as GLUE/SQuAD, ...)
- [X] My own task or dataset (give details below)

### Reproduction

Code sample: Sorry the full code is part of ongoing research and as such I cannot disclose it .
```python
model_opt = compile(model,mode='reduce-overhead')
pretraining_args = TrainingArguments(output_dir="pretraining", do_eval=False)
pretrainer = Trainer(
    model=model_opt,
    args=pretraining_args,
    train_dataset=dataset['train'],
    data_collator=pretrain_collator
)

pretrainer.train()
```

Error message:
```
    pretrainer.train()
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/transformers/trainer.py", line 1591, in train
    return inner_training_loop(
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/transformers/trainer.py", line 1870, in _inner_training_loop
    for step, inputs in enumerate(epoch_iterator):
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/accelerate/data_loader.py", line 451, in __iter__
    current_batch = next(dataloader_iter)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/data/dataloader.py", line 630, in __next__
    data = self._next_data()
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/data/dataloader.py", line 674, in _next_data
    data = self._dataset_fetcher.fetch(index)  # may raise StopIteration
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/data/_utils/fetch.py", line 49, in fetch
    data = self.dataset.__getitems__(possibly_batched_index)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/datasets/arrow_dataset.py", line 2807, in __getitems__
    batch = self.__getitem__(keys)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/datasets/arrow_dataset.py", line 2803, in __getitem__
    return self._getitem(key)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/datasets/arrow_dataset.py", line 2787, in _getitem
    pa_subtable = query_table(self._data, key, indices=self._indices if self._indices is not None else None)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/datasets/formatting/formatting.py", line 583, in query_table
    _check_valid_index_key(key, size)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/datasets/formatting/formatting.py", line 536, in _check_valid_index_key
    _check_valid_index_key(int(max(key)), size=size)
  File "/home/filbe/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/datasets/formatting/formatting.py", line 526, in _check_valid_index_key
    raise IndexError(f"Invalid key: {key} is out of bounds for size {size}")
IndexError: Invalid key: 776 is out of bounds for size 0
  0%|          | 0/300 [00:00<?, ?it/s]  
```

### Expected behavior

I would have expected the compiled model to work exactly as the uncompiled one would, as that is what the Pytorch documentation suggest.

Comments:
I am happy to take a look at this issue

Hello, the way to use Torch Compile with Trainer is as below. Please let us know if that solves the issue:

```python
traqiner_args = TrainerArguments(
    torch_compile_backend="inductor", # sets `torch_compile=True` if not passed.
    torch_compile_mode="reduce-overhead",  # sets `torch_compile=True` if not passed
)
```

Refer to the docstrigns of these parameters for more information. 

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Please note that issues that do not follow the [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) are likely to be ignored.