nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Thirty-five years later, on June 27, 1458, when Noritsuna was invited to Utsunomiya-jo Castle under the pretense of reconciliation, he was killed, whereupon the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family entered a decline (there is also a document asserting that he was killed on July 2 in Ujiie-machi, on his way back from Utsunomiya-jo Castle).
Japanese: この35年後の長禄2年（1458年）5月8日、今度は教綱が、和睦を口実に宇都宮城に招かれたところを殺害され、藤姓塩谷氏は衰退する（5月13日に宇都宮城からの帰りの氏家町で討たれたと記す文献もあり）。
English: Consequent upon the death of Noritsuna, the period of the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family ended, but there are two theories concerning that.
Japanese: 教綱殺害により、藤姓塩谷氏時代が終焉するが、その経緯には2説がある。
English: One theory states that with the death of Noritsuna the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family ended and Takatsuna SHIONOYA, the fourth son of Masatsuna UTSUNOMIYA, succeeded to the family name and came under the influence of the UTSUNOMIYA clan ('Family Tree of the Shionoya Family' printed in "Shimotsuke-kokushi" (the record of Shimotsuke Province)); the other states that Noritsuna had a son called Takatsuna SHIONOYA and that he adopted Yagoro SHIONOYA on March 1, 1478 and had Yagoro succeed to the family ('Family Tree of the Akita Shionoya Family').
Japanese: 教綱の死で藤姓塩谷氏が断絶し、宇都宮正綱の四男塩谷孝綱が名跡を継いで宇都宮氏の影響下に入ったとする説（『下野国誌』所収「塩谷系図」）と、教綱の子に塩谷隆綱があって文明(日本)10年（1478年）正月18日に塩谷弥五郎を養子に迎え家督を継がせたという説（「秋田塩谷系譜」）である。
English: According to the latter theory, the UTSUNOMIYA and SHIONOYA clans reconciled through this adoptive tie.
Japanese: 後者の説では、この養子関係に拠って宇都宮氏と塩谷氏は和睦したという。
English: Because Takatsuna was from a direct descendant of the UTSUNOMIYA clan, the same family as the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family, his name remained Fujiwara, but to distinguish it from that of the former time he was called Juko SHIONOYA clan (revived SHIONOYA clan) and so on (however, Masatsuna, the father of Takatsuna, was an adopted person from the HAGA clan (KIYOHARA clan)).
Japanese: 孝綱は藤姓塩谷氏と同族の宇都宮氏嫡流の出身なので、藤姓であることには変わりないが（ただし孝綱の父の正綱は芳賀氏（清原氏）からの養子）、それ以前と区別して重興塩谷氏（再興塩谷氏）などと呼ばれる。
English: According to 'Family Tree of the Akita SHIONOYA Family,' there were the three family heads--Tokitsuna SHIONOYA, Fuyutsuna SHIONOYA and Michitsuna SHIONOYA--between Yoshitaka SHIONOYA and Yoshitsuna SHIONOYA, but it is contradictory to a historical fact and the existence of such individuals is doubtful.
Japanese: 「秋田塩谷系譜」では、塩谷義孝と塩谷義綱の間に塩谷時綱、塩谷冬綱、塩谷通綱という3人の当主がいたとするが、史実と合わないため実在が疑わしい。
English: However, in subsequent years there was the possibility of giving the rank of family head to the members of the SHIONOYA clan family who rendered distinguished service, and therefore it's impossible to say they were completely fictitious characters.
Japanese: 但し、後世において、功績のあった塩谷氏の一族の者に当主の地位を追贈した可能性もあるので、完全に架空の存在であるとも言い切れない。
English: As for Yoshimichi SHIONOYA, it is pointed out that, as it was in November 1574 that Yoshitsuna succeeded to the position of family head and there was an unknown period of ten years after the death of Yoshitaka, until Yoshitsuna, a lawful wife's son, went through genpuku, possibly Yoshimichi might have been the family head on a tentative basis.
Japanese: また、塩谷義通については、義綱が家督を継いだのは天正2年（1574年）11月のことであり、義孝の死去から10年のブランクがあるため、正室の子である義綱が元服するまでの間、繋ぎ的に塩谷氏の当主であった可能性も指摘されている。
English: One theory states that Tokitsuna was a younger brother of Yoshitaka and was actually Yoshio SHIONOYA, called Magoshito OTSUHATA, who fought with Harutomo YUKI and died (they both died in 1559), and that Fuyutsuna was Takanobu and Michitsuna was Yoshimichi.
Japanese: 一説では、時綱が義孝の弟で、結城晴朝と戦って討死した乙畑孫四郎こと塩谷義尾(没年が同じ永禄二年(1559年))、冬綱が孝信、通綱が義通とも言われている。
English: As for the SHIONOYA clan, during the period of the Juko SHIONOYA clan Yoshitaka was killed by his younger brother Takanobu SHIONOYA on November 20, 1564 and Kawasaki-jo Castle was overtaken, after which internal troubles continued, and in 1590 the retainer Masachika OKAMOTO became independent, etc., and the clan declined.
Japanese: 塩谷氏は、重興塩谷氏の時代に入り、永禄7年（1564年）10月7日に、義孝が弟の塩谷孝信に殺害され川崎城を奪われて以降内紛が続き、天正18年（1590年）には、家臣の岡本正親に独立されるなど衰退していく。
English: On March 18 in 1595, Yoshitsuna SHIONOYA was ordered by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to accept 'kaieki' sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties).
Japanese: そして、文禄4年（1595年）2月8日、塩谷義綱には豊臣秀吉により改易が言い渡される。
English: There is no description of the reason in the family tree, but two years later the UTSUNOMIYA clan, a head family, was also ordered 'kaieki', which suggests they were involved in political strife in the TOYOTOMI administration, but this isn't clear.
Japanese: 系譜に理由の記載は無いが、この2年後に本家である宇都宮氏も改易された事実とあわせて考えると、豊臣政権内の政争に巻き込まれたものと考えられているが定かではない。
English: One theory states that the SHIONOYA clan was ordered 'kaieki' because they did not directly join the Siege of Odawara, but Yoshitsuna went to the capital (Kyoto) on August 10, 1589 to show reverence for Hideyoshi and, in the Siege of Odawara, he sent his retainer Masachika OKAMOTO as a representative; therefore, it isn't plausible that he was ordered 'kaieki' at that time ("Furusato Yaita no Ayumi (History of Our Hometown Yaita)").
Japanese: また、塩谷氏については、小田原の役の際、直接参陣しなかったために改易されたとする見解もあるが、義綱は、天正17年（1589年）6月29日に上洛して秀吉に恭順の意を表しており、小田原の陣では、名代として家臣の岡本正親を派遣していることから、この時に改易になったとは考え難い（『ふるさと矢板のあゆみ』）。
English: In 1595, Yoshitsuna was ordered 'kaieki', but he was recognized and guaranteed 1000 koku as Sutebuchi alms.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）に改易されたが、捨扶持として1000石が義綱に安堵された。
English: However, Yoshitsuna abandoned this and ran away, and Yoshimichi, his older brother by a concubine, succeeded to this 1000 koku because he was a cousin of Masachika OKAMOTO and his daughter's husband.
Japanese: しかし義綱はこれを捨て出奔し、義綱庶兄の義通が岡本正親の甥であり娘婿である関係からこの1000石を継いだという。
English: However, Yasumasa was killed by Yoshimasa OKAMOTO's conspiracy on April 16, 1644 (Izumi-sodo riot) and Yasumasa had no son; consequently, the Yashu SHIONOYA clan was discontinued.
Japanese: しかし、その保真は、正保元年（1644年）3月10日、甥の岡本義政の謀略により殺害（泉騒動）され、保真に男子が無かったため野州塩谷氏は断絶。
English: After Yoshitsuna was ordered 'kaieki', he served Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices)) in Hitachi Province from February 18, 1597 and when, in 1602, the SATAKE clan was ordered to change its territory in Dewa Province, he followed this and moved to Yokote, Hiraka County, Dewa Province and served as Jodai (the keeper of the castle) of Junisho-jo Castle and his offsprings served as Karo (chief retainer) of the SATAKE clan and so on.
Japanese: 義綱は、改易となった後、慶長2年（1597年）正月2日より常陸国の佐竹義宣(右京大夫)に仕え、慶長7年（1602年）に佐竹氏が出羽国に転封となると、これに従い、出羽国平鹿郡横手に移り十二所城代を務め、子孫は、佐竹氏の家老職などを務める。
English: However, the last family head, Harutsuna SHIONOYA, had no child and thus the direct line discontinued during the Meiji period.
Japanese: しかし、その最後の当主である塩谷温綱に子が無かったため、直系は明治時代に断絶する。
English: KODAMA Jiro Ieto (later, Ieto SHIONOYA), the second son of Ieyuki KODAMA (Arimichi name) of the third generation of the head family of the KODAMA Party, which occupied a part of the head family of the Musashi-shichito parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province), was given SHIONOYA's land of Wakaizumi-sho, Oyose-go, Kodama County, Musashi Province (currently Shioya, Kodama-cho, Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture) by his father and the offspring were localized and identified themselves as KODAMA and made up the KODAMA Party as a clan.
Japanese: 武蔵七党の一角を占める児玉党の本宗家3代目児玉家行（有道姓）の次男、児玉二郎家遠（後の塩谷家遠）が、武蔵国児玉郡大寄郷若泉庄の塩谷（現在の埼玉県本庄市児玉町塩谷）の地を父から与えられ、子孫が土着して名乗った事から始まる児玉党を構成する氏族。
English: Thus the name was FUJIWARA, but originally the first family name was ARIMICHI clan; during the twelfth century, they identified themselves as SHIONOYA.
Japanese: 従って、藤原氏とあるが本来の初姓は有道氏であり、12世紀中には塩谷を名乗っていたものと見られる。
English: The great success of the KODAMA Party Line SHIONOYA clan was described in the materials such as "Genpei Seisui ki" (Rise and Fall of the MINAMOTO and Taira Clans) and so on.
Japanese: 児玉党系塩谷氏の活躍については、『源平盛衰記』などの資料に見られる。
English: In "Family Tree of the Seven Groups of Samurai Warriors in Musashi Province," the direct descendants were Ieto => Tsuneto SHIONOYA => Tsunemitsu SHIONOYA (Jiro KODAMA) (given that several family trees existed, it cannot be said with certainty).
Japanese: 『武蔵七党系図』では、嫡流を、家遠→塩谷経遠→塩谷経光（児玉二郎）としている（複数系図が存在している為、断定はできない）。
English: Ieto's son Korehiro SHIONOYA joined the Battle of Ichi no tani and was killed in the Battle of Oshu, while Korehiro's son, Koremori SHIONOYA, and his son Koremitsu SHIONOYA were killed together in the Battle of WADA on May 30, 1213.
Japanese: また、家遠の子、塩谷維弘は、一ノ谷の戦いに参戦し、奥州合戦にて戦死し、維弘の子、塩谷維盛とその子である塩谷維光は、共に建暦3年（1213年）5月2日の和田合戦時に討死にしたと伝えられている。
English: Ieto's brother, Iehiro SHO (the fourth generation of the head family of the Kodama Party), went to Kurisaki in Kodama District and identified themselves as the SHO clan, while his younger brother Chikaie TOMIDA was localized in Tomida and identified himself as being of the TOMIDA clan.
Japanese: 家遠の兄である庄家弘（児玉党本宗家4代目）は児玉郡の栗崎の地へ行き、庄氏を名乗り、弟の富田親家は富田の地へ土着して富田氏を名乗った。
English: The Daiei film company went bankrupt in 1971, and in order not to suspend the production of the TV drama 'Kogarashi Monjiro' which had just started filming, the company, proposed by Kon ICHIKAWA, was founded in 1972 mainly by actors and production/art/tecnical staff members who then belonged to Daiei Kyoto Studios.
Japanese: 1971年（昭和46年）に大映が倒産し、当時収録が始まったばかりのテレビドラマ「木枯し紋次郎」の制作を中止させないため、翌1972年に市川崑の提唱によって当時大映京都撮影所に所属していた俳優、制作・美術・技術各スタッフを中心に発足。
English: Now, they rent an office on the premises of the Shochiku Kyoto Eiga Co., Ltd. and have about 60 staff members including directors and producers on the basis of contract for each production.
Japanese: 現在は松竹京都映画の構内に事務所を間借りし、作品契約の形態で、現在監督・プロデューサーを含む約60人のスタッフを抱えている。
English: Gamo Sodo was a family dispute occurred to the Gamo clan, which headed the estate of Aizu-wakamatsu with 920,000 koku of rice (165,959 cubic meters of rice-crop yield), which occurred between 1595 and 1598.
Japanese: 蒲生騒動（がもうそうどう）は、文禄4年（1595年）から慶長3年（1598年）まで起こった会津若松92万石の領主・蒲生氏の御家騒動。
English: The family dispute, which led to extinction of a family line after the death of Tadatomo GAMO, who was the grandson of Ujisato GAMO, is also called as Gamo Sodo.
Japanese: なお、蒲生氏郷の孫蒲生忠知の死後、無嗣断絶に至った御家騒動もまた、蒲生騒動と呼ばれている。
English: Ujisato GAMO, the lord of the castle of Aizu-wakamatsu, passed away at age 40 in March 1595.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）2月、会津若松の城主・蒲生氏郷が40歳の若さで死去した。
English: As a result, Hideyuki GAMO (a chamberlain), who was the legal son of Ujisato, succeeded as the family head at 13 years of age.
Japanese: このため、氏郷の嫡男である蒲生秀行(侍従)が家督を継いだが、まだ13歳の若年であった。
English: Thus there was a need for a guardian who would carry out the political duties of the Gamo family in place of the young Hideyuki.
Japanese: このため、幼少の秀行に代わって蒲生家の政務を執行する補佐役が必要となった。
English: Satoyasu had originally been a vassal of the Rokkaku clan, but became a vassal of Ujisato when the Rokkaku clan fell.
Japanese: この郷安は、もとは六角氏の家臣であったが、六角氏が滅亡した後、氏郷の家臣となった人物である。
English: Ujisato favored Satoyasu and granted him the estate of Naganumajo Castle in Iwase District (Mutsu Province) with 35,000 koku (6,314 cubic meters of rice-crop yield).
Japanese: 氏郷は郷安を寵愛し、岩瀬郡の長沼城(陸奥国)に3万5000石を与えて厚遇した。
English: On the other hand, Satoyasu befriended Mitsunari ISHIDA, who had been the close servant of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, when Ujisato was alive.
Japanese: ところが郷安は氏郷存命中から豊臣秀吉の最側近である石田三成と誼を通じていた。
English: (For this reason, there was a view that Satoyasu had received the will of Mitsunari and assassinated Ujisato by poisoning.)
Japanese: （このため、一説に郷安が三成の意を受けて氏郷を毒殺したのではないかという説もなされている。
English: Satoyasu worked as the head of a police magistrate in the Gamo family, which held the position of chief retainer to perform political duties from the time when Ujisasato received additional estates after the Kunohe War, but there were many who antagonistic to each other within the family as he came into the hair-trigger situation with the chief retainers Satoyoshi and Satonari GAMO in Aizu, while Ujisato raised the army and traveled to Nagoya during the Bunroku War.
Japanese: 九戸の乱後に氏郷が加増された頃から、蒲生家における家老職にあたる仕置奉行の筆頭として政務を執っていた郷安であったが、文禄の役で氏郷が名護屋に出陣している際に、会津で重臣の蒲生郷可、蒲生郷成らと一触即発の自体を招くなど、家中では対立する人々が多かった。
English: As he had dictated the political duties since Ujisato died, he found himself in the direct confrontation with Satoyoshi and Satonari GAMO and Hachiemon WATARI, who was the top of the koshogumi (page corps).
Japanese: 氏郷の死後、政務を独占したため、蒲生郷可、蒲生郷成、それに小姓組の筆頭格であった亘理八右衛門らと完全に対立するに至った。
English: But Satoyasu attracted Hachiemon to Aizu Wakamatsujo Castle (according to an opinion, it was the palace of the Gamo clan in Kyoto) and assassinated him on the pretext of 'kill of offender.'
Japanese: ところが郷安は事もあろうに、八右衛門を会津若松城（一説に、蒲生氏の京都屋敷）に誘き寄せて上意討ちとして斬殺してしまったのである。
English: The group of Shigeyorio MACHINO, who had for generations been vassals of the Gamo family, became infuriated and mobilized an army to kill Satoyasu, whereupon the two sides came into the hair-trigger situation.
Japanese: これに激怒した蒲生家譜代の家臣・町野繁仍らは郷安を暗殺すべく、軍勢を集め、両派は一触即発の事態となった。
English: In 1598 the series of family disputes became known to Hideyoshi, who was residing in Fushimi.
Japanese: このような一連の御家騒動が、慶長3年（1598年）に伏見にあった秀吉のもとに届いた。
English: But he determined that Satoyasu had committed merely a petty crime and placed him in the custody of Kiyomasa KATO.
Japanese: ところが、郷安は微罪であるとして加藤清正にその身柄を預けられるだけであった。
English: In contrast, the Aizu Wakamatsu estate of Hideyuki GAMO, with a size of 920,000 koku (approximately 160,000,000 liters of rice-crop yield) was largely limited to the Utsunomiya domain, Shimotsuke Province, with W120,000 koku (approximately 21,600,000 liters of rice-crop yield) as 'incapable of ruling the lower-ranking vassals.'
Japanese: 逆に、蒲生秀行に対しては「御家の統率がよろしくない」として、会津若松92万石から下野国宇都宮12万石に大減封されてしまったのである。
English: Kagekatsu UESUGI of the Kasugayama, Echigo Province, received the estate of Aizu and thereby obtained 1,200,000 koku (a rice-crop yield of approximately 216,000,000 liters).
Japanese: その後、会津には新たに越後国春日山から上杉景勝が120万石で入った。
English: There was a view that the disturbances of Gamo-sodo were manipulated by Mitsunari, who had received the command of Hideyoshi, or Mitsunari, as the head conspirator.
Japanese: 蒲生騒動における一連の騒動は、秀吉の意を受けた三成によって操られていた、もしくは三成本人が首謀者であったという説がある。
English: Because Satoyasu was the very person who triggered the family dispute, it was unusual for him to receive a punishment; however, he was given hardly any punishment because Mitsunari spoke to Hideyoshi on his behalf.
Japanese: まず、郷安についてであるが、御家騒動を成した張本人であるため処断されてもおかしくないものの、ほとんど罪に問われていないのは、三成が秀吉に弁護したためとされている。
English: Satoyasu was immediately given a pardon and became the vassal of Yukinaga KONISHI, who had a close relationship with Mitsunari.
Japanese: さらにその後、郷安は早々と罪を許されて三成と懇意にあった小西行長の家臣となっている。
English: Satoyasu was late for the Battle of Sekigahara against the army of Kiyomasa KATO in 1600, so he committed suicide by disembowelment.
Japanese: 郷安は慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いで加藤清正軍との戦いに間に合わず、切腹して果てた。
English: Besides, there are various doubts about the severe punishment of the Gamo family and Kagekatsu UESUGI's move to a new domain.
Japanese: また、蒲生家に対する厳しい処分やその後における上杉景勝の入封に関しても疑問が残る。
English: Given that Hideyuki was young, he would have had his limitation even if he had managed to unite the chief vassals, but his estate was reduced due to his 'poor leadership.'
Japanese: 秀行はまだ若年であるから、宿老らを統率できたとしても限度があるにもかかわらず「統率」を理由に減封している。
English: Kagekatsu UESUGI had a close relationship with Mitsunari ISHIDA through his vassal, Kanetsugu NAOE.
Japanese: さらに上杉景勝は家老の直江兼続を通じて石田三成と懇意にあった人物である。
English: It is considered to have been a conspiracy to assign Kagekatsu UESUGI, who had a close relationship with Hideyoshi and Mitsunari, to Aizu, the estate that was crucial for the suppression of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the great feudal lord in the Kanto region.
Japanese: このため、関東における大大名・徳川家康を牽制するために重要な領土である会津に、秀吉や三成と懇意にあった上杉景勝を入封させるために計画した陰謀ではないかとされているのである。
English: This severe punishment became an indirect reason for the Gamo family's switching to the side of the Eastern Army during the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: この厳しすぎる処分は、関ヶ原の戦いで蒲生家を東軍に与させる遠因にもなっている。
English: The Shingu clan ruled Shingu-sho, Yama-gun (present-day Kitakata City, Fukushima Prefecture), Mutsu Province (later Iwashiro no kuni) from the Kamakura period to the early part of the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 新宮氏（しんぐうし）は、鎌倉時代～室町時代初期にかけて陸奥国（後の岩代国）耶麻郡新宮荘（福島県喜多方市）を支配した氏族。
English: Tokitsura had five elder brothers, among whom the eldest brother Tsunetsura INAWASHIRO originated the Inawashiro clan; the second elder brother, Hiromori originated the Kitada clan; the third elder brother, Moriyoshi, originated the Kanakami clan; the fourth elder brother, Mitsumori ASHINA, originated the Ashina clan; and the fifth elder brother, Moritoki, originated the Kano clan; their descendants divided the Aizu region and ruled the area.
Japanese: 時連には5人の兄がおり、長兄・猪苗代経連は猪苗代氏、次兄・広盛は北田氏、三兄・盛義は金上氏、四兄・蘆名光盛は蘆名氏、五兄・盛時は加納氏の祖となり、それぞれの子孫は会津各地を分割支配した。
English: The Shingu clan built Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and resided there, and had deep faith in Shingu Kumano-jinja Shrine and donated large amounts.
Japanese: 新宮氏は新宮城_(陸奥国)を築城して居城とし、また、新宮熊野神社を厚く信仰して多くの寄進を行なっている。
English: The Shingu clan destroyed the Kano clan in 1402, aligned with KITADA Kazusanosuke of the same family, the lord of Kitada-jo Castle, and fought against the Ashina clan, but in 1409 the Kitada clan was destroyed by the Ashina clan.
Japanese: 新宮氏は応永9年(1402年)には加納氏を滅ぼし、また、同族の北田城主・北田上総介と結んで蘆名氏と戦うが、応永16年(1409年)に北田氏は蘆名氏に滅ぼされた。
English: Even after that, they fought back and forth at each other, but in 1420 Morimasa ASHINA conquered Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and Moritoshi SHINGU, the lord of the castle, was killed in battle and the remainders (of the defeated party) escaped to Echigo.
Japanese: その後も一進一退の攻防が続いたが、応永27年(1420年)に蘆名盛政は新宮城_(陸奥国)を落とし、当主・新宮盛俊は戦死し、残党は越後に落ち延びた。
English: In 1433, the remainders of the Shingu clan attacked Tsugawa-jo Castle, Ogawa-no-sho, Echigo Province, but they were beaten back by the Kanakami clan, Jodai (the keeper of castle), and consequently went to ruin.
Japanese: 永享5年(1433年)、新宮氏残党は越後国小川庄津川城を攻めたが、城代・金上氏によって撃退されて滅亡した。
English: The record asserting that the productiveness in Aizu increased after the fall of the Shingu clan was found in "Todera-hachimangu Nagacho (record) of the Kokoroshimizu-hachimanjinja Shrine," which reflected the fact that the Aizu Basin had been devastated due to fights between the Shingu and Ashina clans.
Japanese: 新宮氏滅亡後、会津は豊穣になったとの記載が『心清水八幡神社塔寺八幡宮長帳』にあり、このことから新宮氏と蘆名氏との戦いで会津盆地が荒廃していたことが窺える。
English: The Shingu clan, a family of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), was descended from MINAMOTO no Yukiie (Juro SHINGU), son of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi.
Japanese: 清和源氏の一族である新宮氏は、源為義の子の源行家（新宮十郎）を祖とする。
English: Yukiie played an active role in passing on to all Genji people in the country Prince Mochihito's order to hunt down and kill the Heike family and raise an army against the Heike clan during the Jisho-Juei War, but after the fall of the Heike clan he entered a conflict with his nephew, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, as a result of which he was defeated and killed.
Japanese: 行家は治承・寿永の乱の際に以仁王の平家追討の令旨を全国の源氏に伝え挙兵を促すなど活躍したが、平家滅亡後に甥の源頼朝と対立し、敗れ殺害された。
English: Families that had the Shingu family name in the Shingu district of Ki Province ruled the area from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Sengoku (Warring States) period.
Japanese: 紀伊国の新宮地方には新宮姓を名乗る一族が存在し、南北朝時代(日本)から戦国時代(日本)まで支配を続けた。
English: In the generation of Yukihide SHINGU, they were defeated in struggles with the Horinouchi clan (Shingu Horinouchi family); subsequently the Horinouchi clan ruled the Shingu clan, but a son of Ujiyoshi HORINOUCHI used the Shingu family name and gave himself the name Yukitomo SHINGU.
Japanese: 新宮行栄の代で堀内氏（新宮堀内家）との抗争に敗れ、その後、新宮は堀内氏が支配したが、堀内氏善の子が新宮姓を称し新宮行朝と名乗った。
English: Yukitomo fought on the side of the western force in the Battle of Sekigahara but was defeated and punished by being deprived of samurai rank and properties, and the rule by the Shingu clan ended.
Japanese: 行朝は関ヶ原の戦いで西軍に属し敗れ改易され、新宮氏の紀伊支配も終焉した。
English: Korokan was a facility established in the Heian period for diplomacy and overseas trade.
Japanese: 鴻臚館（こうろかん）は平安時代に設置された外交および海外交易の施設である。
English: The model of this diplomatic facility in Tsukushi (now the west of Fukuoka Prefecture) is assumed to originate in the period that the first written record of Japan's commerce was written.
Japanese: 筑紫（現在の福岡県西部）の外交施設の原型は魏志倭人伝の時代に遡るとされる。
English: There was a diplomatic facility in Ito Province of Itoshima Peninsula, which was recorded in a poem envoy from county always stop at this facility.'
Japanese: 糸島半島にあった伊都国には「郡使の往来、常に駐まる所なり」と記された外交施設が存在していた。
English: In 536 Yamato Dynasty established a government office called 'To no mikado' (government office located far from the capital) near the Hakata port after the Iwai War (527-528).
Japanese: 磐井の乱（527年-528年）の後、宣化元年（536年）に博多港のほとりに宮家（遠の朝廷：とおのみかど）を設置した。
English: The office is described in the chapter of the year 609 of "Nihonshoki" by using the name Tsukushi no Omikotomochi no Tsukasa.
Japanese: 推古天皇17年（609年）には筑紫大宰（つくしのおほみこともちのつかさ）の名で『日本書紀』に登場。
English: After the transfer of the administrative function to the inland office 'Dazaifu' (Government Headquarters in Kyushu located at the present Dazaifu City) in 664, one year after the Battle of Hakusukinoe, a facility functioning as a base for overseas exchanges as well as national defense was left near Nanotsu as one of the organizations belonging to the Dazaifu.
Japanese: 白村江の戦いの翌年（664年）に行政機能は内陸の大宰府（現在の太宰府市）に移転、那津のほとりには大宰府の機関のひとつとして海外交流および国防の拠点施設が残された。
English: This facility was called Tsukushi-no-murotsumi and functioned as the State Guest House and lodgings when the government invited the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, the Silla kingdom, and the Balhae Kingdom.
Japanese: この施設は筑紫館（つくしのむろつみ）と呼ばれ、唐・新羅・渤海(国)の使節を迎える迎賓館兼宿泊所として機能した。
English: Tsukushi-no-murotsumi and the Dazaifu was connected by a straight road about 16 km long and was fully equipped with a roadside gutter which was at the maximum ten meters wide.
Japanese: 筑紫館と大宰府の間は約16キロメートルだが、そこを最大幅10メートルの側溝を完備した直線道路が敷設されていた。
English: According to the "Nihonshoki," Tsukushi-no-murotsumi was used to entertain 全霜林, an envoy of the Silla Kingdom in 688.
Japanese: 持統天皇2年（688年）には筑紫館で新羅国使全霜林を饗したと『日本書紀』に記されている。
English: This facility was also used as public lodgings for Japanese envoy dispatched to foreign countries and for foreign priests.
Japanese: また海外へ派遣される国使や留学僧らのための公的な宿泊所としても用いられた。
English: "Manyoshu" includes a poem composed at Tsukushi-no-murotsumi by a Japanese envoy dispatched to the Shilla Kingdom in 736.
Japanese: 天平8年（736年）に新羅へ派遣される遣新羅使が筑紫館で詠んだ歌が『万葉集』に収録されている。
English: The name 'Koro' first appeared in the chapter of the fourth year of the Showa era (837) of "Nitto guho junreiki" (The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law), which was described by Ennin, a monk who went to China for studying.
Japanese: 鴻臚の名は入唐留学僧円仁の『入唐求法巡礼行記』の承和(日本)4年（837年）の記述に初めて登場する。
English: ONO no Takamura, who was the vice-envoy in the 19th diplomatic mission to the Tang Dynasty, and a Chinese person 沈道古 reportedly recited poems together in 838 at Dazai Korokan.
Japanese: 承和5年（838年）には第19回遣唐使の副使であった小野篁が唐人沈道古と大宰鴻臚館にて詩を唱和したとある。
English: The Dazaifu reported to the Imperial Court that 53 merchants from the Tang Dynasty visited Dazai Korokan in 849.
Japanese: 嘉祥2年（849年）には唐商人53人の来訪が大宰府から朝廷へ報告されている。
English: There is a description in the "Onjo-ji bunsho" (documents compiled by Onjoji Temple) that a welcome party was held at the guest house in the north part of Korokan when the monk Enchin returned to Japan after studying abroad by a ship owned by the merchant Enko LI (李延孝) in 858.
Japanese: 天安(日本)2年（858年）には留学僧円珍が商人李延孝の船で帰朝し、鴻臚館北館門楼で歓迎の宴が催されたと『園城寺文書』にある。
English: Enko LI visited Korokan again in 861 and 865.
Japanese: 貞観(日本)3年（861年）および貞観7年（865年）には李延孝が再び鴻臚館を訪れている。
English: The trend became more conspicuous after SUGAWARA no Michizane abolished the system of the Kento-shi (a Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty China) in 894.
Japanese: この傾向は菅原道真により寛平6年（894年）に遣唐使が廃止されたのちに強まった。
English: In return, the Imperial Court dispatched an officer called 'karamono no tsukai' (Supervisor of Chinese goods), giving him the privilege to preferentially purchase Chinese goods including scrolls of Buddhist scriptures, statues of Buddha, Buddhist altar fittings, medicines and spices on behalf of the Imperial Court and nobles.
Japanese: そして朝廷から唐物使（からものつかい）という役人が派遣され、経巻や仏像仏具、薬品や香料など宮中や貴族から依頼された商品を優先的に買い上げた。