nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In these bombardments 3 kanme (unit of weight) of ozutsu made in Kunitomo were used, and probably four culverins imported from England about in June, one Saker and 4.5 kanme of 12 Dutch cannons that had arrived in Hyogo Port seven days before were included.
Japanese: この砲撃では国友製3貫目の大砲が用いられており、また6月頃にイギリスより購入したカルバリン砲4門、セーカー砲1門や7日前に兵庫港に到着したオランダ製4・5貫目の大砲12門も含まれていると思われる。
English: In response, the Toyotomi side fired furiously at the approaching Tokugawa side; attacks with teppo (guns) killed or injured 300 to 500 enemies per one battle when they were guarded only with taketaba (bamboo shields against firearms), but guns lost effects greatly when they built tsukiyama (artificial hills)/dorui (earthen walls).
Japanese: これに対し豊臣方は近接する徳川方に激しく銃撃し、竹束のみの時は一手に付き300から500人の死傷者が出たが、相手が築山・土塁を築くと鉄砲の効果は激減する。
English: In the exchanges of fire Naoyuki BAN achieved a good military result by attacking Yoshishige HACHISUKA at night (17th), however, the Toyotomi side, still being on the back foot, agreed to have peace negotiations (the old calendar).
Japanese: また砲撃に対抗してこちらも砲撃したり、塙直之が蜂須賀至鎮に夜襲をしかけ戦果をあげたが（17日）、劣勢であることは否めず、和議に応ずることになる。
English: The Tokugawa side, lacking army provisions because of the cornering of goods by the Toyotomi side, and because of the battle in winter, started peace negotiations through Nagamasu ODA on December 3 (the old calendar).
Japanese: 徳川方は豊臣方の買占めによる兵糧不足があり、また真冬の陣でもあったため、12月3日(旧暦)より織田長益を通じて豊臣方との和平交渉を行っている。
English: On 8th and 12th Yurakusai and Harunaga exchanged a document on pacification with Masazumi HONDA and Mitsutsugu GOTO (the old calendar).
Japanese: 8・12日にも有楽斎と治長が本多正純、後藤光次と講和について書を交わしている。
English: On 15th the Toyotomi side showed a proposal of compromise with a condition that in return for Yodo-dono going to Edo as a hostage, Toyotomi's rokudaka (amount of rokudaka [salary]) should be raised for the ronin in the castle, which Ieyasu refused (the old calendar).
Japanese: 15日には淀殿が人質として江戸に行く替わりに、篭城浪人の為の加増を条件とした和議案が豊臣方より出されるが、家康はこれを拒否する。
English: With lack of army provisions and ammunition, psychological warfare that the Tokugawa side conducted, and damages of the towers and camps by cannons, the Toyotomi officers and soldiers had been exhausted, and also Yodo-dono, who was in a leading position in the Toyotomi Family, having seeing damage around her brought by bombardments to Honmaru, Toyotomi side decided to take a softer line, and agreed to have peace negotiations (16th) (the old calendar).
Japanese: 豊臣方も同じく兵糧に加え弾薬の欠乏や徳川方が仕掛けた心理戦、大砲で櫓・陣屋などに被害を受けて将兵は疲労し、また豊臣家で主導的立場にあった淀殿も本丸への砲撃で身近に被害が及び、態度を軟化させて和議に応じたという（16日）。
English: The negotiations took place in Tadataka KYOGOKU's camp on Tokugawa side between Masazumi HONDA and Acha-no-tsubone from Tokugawa side and Joko-in, who was Yodo-dono's sister and had been dispatched as a messenger of the Toyotomi side; on 19th peace terms were agreed and pacification was made with an exchange of written vows (the old calendar).
Japanese: 交渉は18日より徳川方の京極忠高の陣において、家康側近の本多正純、阿茶局と、豊臣方の使者として派遣された淀殿の妹である常高院との間で行われ、19日には講和条件が合意、20日に誓書が交換され和平が成立した。
English: The establlished compromise included the following contents; the Toyotomi side should destroy Ninomau (the second bailey) and Sannomaru (the third bailey), leave Honmaru as it was, fill up the outer moat of the castle and, instead of Yodo-dono, Harunaga ONO and Urakusai ODA should offer hostages: the Tokugawa side should guarantee the safety of Hideyori and approval of his main domain and overlook soldiers in the castle.
Japanese: 講和内容は豊臣家側の条件として、本丸を残して二の丸、三の丸を破壊し、外堀を埋める事、淀殿を人質としない替わりに大野治長、織田有楽斎より人質を出す事が提出され、これに対し徳川家が、秀頼の身の安全と本領の安堵、城中諸士についての不問を約すことで、和議は成立している。
English: Others included a decision that Hideyori/Yodo-dono had no obligation to go to Edo (however, there is historical material that Ninomaru needed no destruction).
Japanese: この他、秀頼・淀殿の関東下向を行わなくて良い事も決められた（但し、二の丸の破壊をしなくても良いという史料もある）。
English: According to peace terms on destruction of the castle and reclamation of the moats, it was decided that the Toyotomi family was responsible for Ninomaru, while the Tokugawa family for Sannomaru and the outer moat..
Japanese: 和議条件の内、城の破却と堀の埋め立ては二の丸が豊臣家、三の丸と外堀は徳川家の持ち分と決められていた。
English: This Shirowari (destroying a castle) had been performed since ancient times, but usually it meant partial reclamation of moats or breaking corners of dorui as a matter of courtesy.
Japanese: この城割（城の破却）に関しては古来より行われているが、大抵は堀の一部を埋めたり、土塁の角を崩すといった儀礼的なものであった。
English: Under myodai (substitutes for Ieyasu) including Masazumi HONDA, Masanari NARUSE and Natsugu ANDO with Fushin Bugyo (Ministrs of Engineering and Construction) including Tadaakira MATSUDAIRA, Tadamasa HONDA and Yasunori HONDA, the reclamation of the outer moat of the castle was rushed by the besieging army and local residents and then the reclamation of Ninomaru was begun in January.
Japanese: 松平忠明、本多忠政、本多康紀を普請奉行とし、家康の名代である本多正純、成瀬正成、安藤直次の下、攻囲軍や地元の住民を動員して突貫工事で外堀を埋めた後に、一月より二の丸も埋め立て始めた。
English: The reclamation of Ninomaru seemed to have taken considerably much time and was forced even through destroying nearby houses and residences.
Japanese: 二の丸の埋め立てについては相当手間取ったらしく周辺の家・屋敷を破壊してまで埋め立てを強行した。
English: After pacification Ieyasu frequently asked about the progress of the reclamation on his way back to Sunpu.
Japanese: 講和後、駿府に帰る道中に家康は埋め立ての進展について何度も尋ねている。
English: In the meantime the Toyotomi side protested that they were responsible for the reclamation of Ninomaru, however the Tokugawa side, saying that they were just helping because the work was going slowly, went on the reclamation work.
Japanese: この間、豊臣方は二の丸の埋め立ては当方の受け持ちであると抗議したが、徳川方は「工事が進んでいないので、手伝う」といいそのまま、埋め立てを行った。
English: Therefore, a popular theory is that the Tokugawa side reclaimed even the uchibori "in a cheating way", ignoring the determent of the Toyotomi side, however, the theory may have come from the results that the exaggerated above-mentioned process has been passed down
Japanese: そのため、豊臣方の制止を無視して「だまし討ち的に」内堀まで埋め立てたとする通説は俗説であるが、以上のような経緯が誇大に伝えられた結果と考えることができる。
English: In the meantime the Tokugawa side had suspicious feelings toward the Toyotomi side because ronin would not leave the castle.
Japanese: またこの間、徳川方は豊臣方が浪人が退城しない事について不審感を抱いている。
English: It seemed that there was a difference in the interpretation of ronin; the Tokugawa side would leave them unquestioned in the sense of saving their lives, on the other hand the Toyotomi side took it that it would be all right to keep employing them.
Japanese: これは徳川方が浪人については助命という意味で不問にしたのに対し、豊臣方についてはこのまま召抱えても良いという解釈の差があったと思われる。
English: After pacification was made, Ieyasu returned from Kyoto to Sunpu, and Hidetada to Fushimi, however, on the other hand, they ordered blacksmiths in Kunitomo to manufacture cannons to prepare for war.
Japanese: 和平成立後、家康は京都から駿府へ戻り、秀忠も伏見に戻ったが、一方で国友鍛冶に大砲の製造を命じるなど、戦争準備を行っている。
English: On March 15 (the old calendar), 1615, when Katsushige ITAKURA, Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy), reported to Sunpu that there was a disturbing trend in Osaka such as violent and dangerous behaviors of ronin, restoration of moats and walls, rumors of setting fire to Kyoto and Fushimi, the Tokugawa side demanded that the Toyotomi family should dismiss ronin and their territory should be changed.
Japanese: 慶長20年（1615年）3月15日(旧暦)、大坂に浪人の乱暴・狼藉、堀や塀の復旧、京や伏見への放火の風聞といった不穏な動きがあるとする報が京都所司代板倉勝重より駿府へ届くと、徳川方は浪人の解雇、豊臣家の移封を要求する。
English: On April 1 (the old calendar) Ieyasu ordered daimyo in Kinai region to capture ronin trying to escape from Osaka and Hidemasa OGASAWARA to go to defend Fushimi Castle.
Japanese: 4月1日(旧暦)、家康は畿内の諸大名に大坂から脱出しようとする浪人を捕縛すること、小笠原秀政に伏見城の守備に向かうことを命じた。
English: On April 4 (the old calendar), Ieyasu left Sunpu for Nagoya to attend the wedding ceremony of Yoshinao TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 4月4日(旧暦)、家康は徳川義直の婚儀のためとして駿府を出発、名古屋に向かった。
English: On 5th, the next day when Harunaga ONO' messenger came and reported that they would like to decline the changing of the territory; Ieyasu, answering through Joko-in that if so, nothing could be done about it, ordered daimyo to gather in Toba/Fushimi on April 6 and 7th (the old calendar).
Japanese: 翌5日に大野治長の使者が来て豊臣家の移封は辞したいと申し出ると、常高院を通じて「其の儀に於いては是非なき仕合せ」（そういうことならどうしようもない）と答え、4月6日(旧暦)および7日に諸大名に鳥羽・伏見に集結するよう命じた。
English: On April 10 (the old calendar) when Ieyasu entered Nagoya castle, Hidetada left Edo.
Japanese: 家康が名古屋城に入った4月10日(旧暦)、秀忠は江戸を出発している。
English: On April 12 (the old calendar) Ieyasu attended Yoshinao TOKUGAWA's wedding ceremony and then on 18th entered Nijo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 4月12日(旧暦)、名古屋城にて徳川義直の婚儀が行われ、家康は18日に二条城に入った。
English: About that time Hidetada asked Takatora TODO to tell Ieyasu not to begin war before he arrived in Osaka.
Japanese: このころ秀忠は藤堂高虎に対し、自分が大坂に到着するまで開戦を待つよう藤堂からも家康に伝えてくれと依頼している。
English: On April 21 (the old calendar) Hidetada arrived at Nijo-jo Castle safely and on 22nd, the next day Ieyasu and Hidetada held a war council with Masanobu/Masazumi HONDA (father and son), Toshikatsu DOI, Takatora TODO and others.
Japanese: 4月21日(旧暦)、秀忠は無事二条城に到着し、翌22日、家康と秀忠は本多正信・正純父子、土井利勝、藤堂高虎らと軍議を行った。
English: Ieyasu gave orders to divide the troops in two, let them go to Osaka by way of Kawachiji and Yamatokokuji and at the same time improve roads and guard key points such as Oyamazaki Town.
Japanese: 家康はこの軍勢を二手にわけ、河内路及び大和国路から大坂に向かうこと、同時に道路の整備、大山崎町などの要所の警備を行うことを命じた。
English: On the other hand, the Toyotomi side had an incident that Harunaga ONO, the negotiator was attacked in the castle on April 9 (the old calendar).
Japanese: 豊臣方では、4月9日(旧暦)に交渉にあたっていた大野治長が城内で襲撃される事件が起こる。
English: With negotiations broken down, th Toyotomi side, realizing that the second war could not be avoided, distributed gold and silver to ronin and began to prepare arms.
Japanese: 交渉が決裂し、再びの開戦は避けられないと悟った豊臣方は、4月12日(旧暦)に金銀を浪人衆に配り、武具の用意に着手した。
English: Judging from the reduced number of soldiers to 78,000 due to the peace treaty which forced to dismiss part of soldiers, and the defenseless Osaka-jo Castle stripped of moats, the Toyotomi Family decided that holding the castle was not to their advantage and instead they should take a strategy of fighting actively.
Japanese: 和議による一部浪人の解雇によりこの時の豊臣家の戦力は7万8千に減少し、さらに丸裸にされた大坂城では籠城戦は不利と判断したとされ、積極的に討って出る作戦を採用している。
English: About that time Yurakusai ODA, abandoning the Toyotomi Family, left Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: なおこの頃、織田有楽斎は豊臣家に見切りを付けて、大坂城を退去している。
English: The Toyotomi side made a troop of Harufusa ONO pass Kuragari Toge (mountain pass), capture Koriyama Castle in Yamato Province on April 26 (the old calendar), which Jokei TSUTSUI defended, and set fire to neighboring villages.
Japanese: 豊臣方は大野治房の一隊に暗峠を越えさせて、4月26日(旧暦)に筒井定慶の守る郡山城(大和国)を落とし、付近の村々に放火。
English: Harufusa troop, cooperating with uprising forces, attacked Kishu Province on April 29 (the old calendar), but the spearheading Naoyuki BAN and Shigemasa TANNOWA fought with their own army alone against Nagaakira ASANO troop only to be killed (the Battle of kashii).
Japanese: 治房勢は、4月29日(旧暦)には一揆勢と協力しての紀州攻めを試みるが、先鋒の塙直之、淡輪重政らが単独で浅野長晟勢と戦い（樫井の戦い）討死してしまう。
English: Thereafter, Harunaga ONO and others, facing the Asano army, had offensive and defensive battles in Sakai until May 6 (the old calendar).
Japanese: その後、大野治長らは浅野勢と対峙しつつ、5月6日(旧暦)まで堺攻防戦を行う。
English: On May 6 (the old calendar) Battle of Domyoji took place when the Toyotomi forces lay in the bakufu army of 35,000 soldiers that were moving toward Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 5月6日(旧暦)、大和路から大坂城に向かう幕府軍35,000を豊臣勢が迎撃した道明寺の戦いが起こる。
English: The Toyotomi side was a jumble of army forces and unable to have close contacts; Mototsugu GOTO troop of 2,800 soldiers advanced to Komatsuyama in its single troop, which was given a concentrated attack by troops of more than 20,000 soldiers of Masamune DATE, Katsunari MIZUNO and others and the troop fought hard only to be destroyed and Mototsugu was killed.
Japanese: 寄せ集めの軍勢である豊臣方は緊密な連絡を取ることができず、後藤基次隊2,800は単独で小松山に進出してしまい、伊達政宗､水野勝成ら2万以上の敵勢に集中攻撃を受け、奮戦するも壊滅、基次は討死した。
English: As many as 3,600 soldiers including Takenori AKASHI, Kanesuke SUSUKIDA and others, who arrived later, fought the Tokugawa army that passed Komatsuyama, and Kanesuke SUSUKIDA and others were killed.
Japanese: 次いで到着した明石全登、薄田兼相ら3,600の兵も小松山を越えた徳川軍と交戦し、薄田兼相らが討死した。
English: Still later, 12,000 soldiers including Nobushige SANADA, Katsunaga MORI and others arrived, and Sanada troop prevented Shigenaga KATAKURA troop, the spearhead of Masamune DATE troop from advancing.
Japanese: さらに遅れて真田信繁、毛利勝永ら12,000の兵が到着し、真田隊が伊達政宗隊の先鋒片倉重長隊の進軍を押し止めた。
English: On the same day Battle of Yao/Wakae took place, in which 6,000 soldiers of Shigenari KIMURA and 5,300 soldiers of Morichika CHOSOKABE and Moritsugu MASHITA lay in wait for Tokugawa main army of 120,000 soldiers that was moving toward Osaka-jo Castle from Kawachiji.
Japanese: 同日、木村重成の6,000の兵と長宗我部盛親、増田盛次ら5,300の兵が、河内路から大坂城に向かう徳川本軍12万を迎撃した八尾・若江の戦いが起こっている。
English: To begin with, Chosokabe troop, covered by fog, made a surprise attack on Takatora TODO troop of 5,000 soldiers and cut off many heads of the Todo Family and others, however, they were blocked by auxiliary forces of the bakufu and destroyed by bakufu's chase when they were retreating.
Japanese: まず長宗我部隊が霧を隠れ蓑に藤堂高虎隊5,000を奇襲し、藤堂一族その他多数の首を獲ったが、幕府方の援軍に阻まれ、後退中に追撃を受け壊滅。
English: Shigenari KIMURA defeated part of Todo troop and then fought Naotaka II troop, but was killed at the end of a fierce battle.
Japanese: 木村重成も藤堂隊の一部を破った後、井伊直孝隊3,200らと交戦、激戦の末に討死した。
English: The Toyotomi side showed their pride, but finally was cornered to the environs of Osaka-jo Castle by the overwhelming bakufu army.
Japanese: 豊臣方は意地を見せたが、大勢は幕府方優勢で、いよいよ大坂城近郊に追い詰められる。
English: On May 7 (the old calendar) the Toyotomi's army made preparations for interception from the present Abeno Ward, Osaka City to Hirano Ward.
Japanese: 5月7日(旧暦)、最後の決戦のため豊臣軍は現在の大阪市阿倍野区から平野区にかけて迎撃態勢を構築した。
English: Takenori AKASHI troop of 300 men as an independent troop and Harunaga ONO's nanategumi (seven groups) troop of 15,000 men as a rear-guard troop of the whole army were positioned.
Japanese: 別働隊として明石全登300、全軍の後詰として大野治長・七手組の部隊計15,000?が布陣。
English: In response, the bakufu positioned Yamatoji forces and Nagaakira ASANO troop of 40,000 men around Mt. Chausu-yama and Tadanao MATSUDAIRA troop of 15,000 men in its front.
Japanese: これに対する幕府方の配置は、大和路勢および浅野長晟40,000を茶臼山方面に、その前方に松平忠直15,000が展開した。
English: Tadatomo HONDA troop was deployed at Tennoji-guchi and the headquarters of 15,000 soldiers of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was positioned in its back.
Japanese: 天王寺口は本多忠朝ら16,200が展開し、その後方に徳川家康15,000が本陣を置く。
English: The Battle of Tennoji/Okayama, which began at about noon, was the greatest and the last battle in the Warring States period, became a fierce battle using intensively the greatest force of arms and firepower that had been seen before.
Japanese: 正午頃に開始された天王寺・岡山の戦いは戦国の世最大にして最後の戦いであり、これまでに例を見ない兵力と火力が集中し、大激戦となった。
English: Charges by Nobushige SANADA, Katsunaga MORI, Harufusa ONO and so on on the Toyotomi side killed and injured daimyo, officers and soldiers on the bakufu side and put the headquarters of Ieyasu/Hidetada in a great confusion, however, the bakufu army surpassing in forces, gradually recovering from chaos, regained its balance, while the Toyotomi army, having lost many officers and soldiers, was destroyed at about 3:00 pm.
Japanese: 豊臣方の真田信繁・毛利勝永・大野治房などの突撃により幕府方の大名・侍大将に死傷者が出たり、家康・秀忠本陣は大混乱に陥るなどしたが、兵力に勝る幕府軍は次第に混乱状態から回復し態勢を立て直し、豊臣軍は多くの将兵を失って午後三時頃には壊滅。
English: Osaka-jo Castle, which was completely defenseless with moats all filled up except in Honmaru, had no way to keep off the rushing Tokugawa army.
Japanese: 本丸以外の堀を埋められ、裸同然となっていた大坂城は、もはや殺到する徳川方を防ぐ術がなかった。
English: Starting with the first invasion of the Echizen troop of Tadanao MATSUDAIRA that destroyed the Sanada troop, the Tokugawa army entered the Castle in a stream; the fire set in the inside of the Honmaru by betrayers reached the castle keep leading the fall of Osaka Castle at midnight of May 7 (the old calendar).
Japanese: 真田隊を壊滅させた松平忠直の越前勢が一番乗りを果たしたのを始めとして徳川方が城内に続々と乱入し、遂には大坂城本丸内部で内通者によって放たれた火の手が天守にも上がり、5月7日深夜に大坂城は陥落した。
English: It is said that the rising flames lit up the night sky, and the brightly reddened sky over Osaka could be seen even from Kyoto.
Japanese: その燃え上がる炎は夜空を照らし、京からも真っ赤にそまる大坂の空の様が見えたという。
English: The next day the plea of Senhime, who escaped from the castle, to spare the life of Hideyori being ignored, Hideyori committed suicide with Yodo-dono in an unhulled rice barn.
Japanese: 翌日、脱出した千姫による助命嘆願も無視され、秀頼は淀殿らとともに籾蔵の中で自害した。
English: It is said that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA thought to use only fudai daimyo (daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) to go into battles of the Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka), while in the Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) by ordering the daimyo who had been favored by the Toyotomi Family to attack Osaka Castle, he tried to avoid ethical accusation to the Tokugawa Family in later years.
Japanese: 冬の陣では出陣させるのは譜代大名のみに限ろうと考えていた徳川家康は、この夏の陣においては豊臣恩顧の大名に敢えて大坂を攻めさせることにより、将来的に徳川家に掛かってくる倫理的な非難を回避しようとしたとされている（江戸時代に徳川家が豊臣家を滅ぼしたことに対する道徳的議論が起こることはなかった。
English: (There were no moral arguments on the destruction of the Toyotomi Family by the Tokugawa Family in the Edo period, rather, Tokugawa vassals frequently praised the chivalry of the enemy generals).
Japanese: むしろ徳川家の家臣において、敵将に対する騎士道的賞賛が盛んに行われた）。
English: At the left hand of painting of "Osaka Natsu no Jinzu Byobu" (Folding screen with painting of Summer Sieze of Osaka) in the possession of the Tenshukaku (keep or tower) of Osaka-jo Castle, which Nagamasa KURODA who joined in the war ordered painters to make, there are detailed scenes that warriors of Tokugawa side assaulted the public in the town of Osaka-jo Castle, trying to get nisekubi (fake head as a proof to kill someone for awards), plundering and despoiling their possessions including clothes, shooting those who try to escape crossing over river, and raping women, and so on.
Japanese: 現在、大阪城天守閣で所蔵されている、自らも大坂の役に参戦した黒田長政が絵師を集めて描かせたとされる屏風絵「大坂夏の陣図屏風」の左半分には、徳川方の雑兵達が大坂城下の民衆に襲い掛かり、偽首を取る様子や略奪を働き身包みを剥がすところ、さらには川を渡って逃げる民衆に銃口を向ける光景、そして女性を強姦にする様子などが詳細に描かれている。
English: According to documents, among ten and some thousands of beheaded people, many ordinary people were included who were murdered for nisekubi (false head) and the number of people who survived but were captured as slaves reached as many as thousands from adults to young children.
Japanese: また、記録によれば、一万数千の首の内、偽首を取られるなど殺害された民衆が数多くおり、生き残ったものの奴隷狩りに遭った者の数は大人から年端の行かぬ子供まで数千人に達したとされる。
English: According to a townsman's document, "Mishikayono Monokatari"(A story of what I saw in life), the misery was that "they stabbed to death men and women including old people and babies and the number of miserable people who lost their parents, whose children were captured, or who parted their partners were beyond number."
Japanese: ある町人が残した記録「見しかよの物かたり」には「男、女のへだてなく、老ひたるも、みどりごも目の当たりにて刺し殺し、あるいは親を失ひ子を捕られ、夫婦の中も離ればなれになりゆくことの哀れさ、その数を知らず」とその悲惨さが語られている。
English: Shimazu clan replied to the letter from Toyotomi Family that "they had already completed their service to Toyotomi Family", however, they could not fulfill joining the Tokugawa army both in Fuyu no Jin and Natsu no Jin (in Natsu no Jin they got information on Osaka no Eki after having left Kagoshima and arriving in Hirado City, then they returned).
Japanese: 島津氏は秀頼からの書状に対し「豊臣家への奉公は一度済んだ」と返事したが、徳川方としての出陣は冬の陣・夏の陣とも結果的にかなわなかった（夏の陣では、鹿児島を発ち平戸市に到着した時に大坂の役の情報を聞いて引き返している）。
English: That was because Tadatsune SHIMAZU, the lord of the domain, unable to successfully carry out the reformation of domain duties, could not control his vassals as he wished, and as a result, their nonparticipation caused a temporal rumor of "Shimazu Rebellion" leading to a position carefully supervised by Kokura Domain.
Japanese: これは当時、藩主島津忠恒が進めていた藩政改革がうまく行かず、家臣団の統制すらままならなかったからであるが、島津の不参加は一時「島津謀反」の噂を引き起こし、小倉藩の監視を受ける羽目となった。
English: After that incident, the Shimazu clan rapidly promoted the reformation and worked actively for the bakufu as in performing bakufu enterprises, sending troops in Shimabara War and so on.
Japanese: この一件以後、島津氏は藩政改革を一気に推し進め、また幕府の行う事業や島原の乱への出兵など積極的にこなしていった。
English: Kunimatsu TOYOTOMI, Hideyori's son was captured when he was hiding and executed, and Naahime, Hideyori' s daughter had her life spared on condition that she would enter the priesthood.
Japanese: 秀頼の子の豊臣国松は潜伏している所を捕らえられて処刑、また娘の奈阿姫は僧籍に入ることで助命された。
English: The Tokugawa shougunate even violated Hideyoshi's grave during Iemitsu TOKUGAWA period and had pursued remnants of the Toyotomi Family including Morichika CHOSOKABE for more than ten years (Chuya MARUBASH with his real name Morizumi CHOSOKABE, a righ-hand man of Shosetsu YUI, who attempted the overthrow of the Tokugawa shougunate, is said to have been the second son of Morichika CHOSOKABE's concubine).
Japanese: 徳川家光の代には秀吉の墓まで幕府によって暴かれ、長宗我部盛親はじめ残党の追尾は10年以上に亘って行われた（徳川幕府転覆を企てた由井正雪の片腕とされた丸橋忠弥は長宗我部盛澄といい長宗我部盛親の側室の次男という）。
English: Besides Morichika, Okiaki HOSOKAWA was ordered by his father to commit jijin (suicide with one's sword) by his father, Tadaoki HOSOKAW, Nagamori MASHITA committed jijin in Iwatsuki Ward where he was banished to compensate for Moritsugu's crime, and Shigenari FURUTA did so for the suspicion of harboring Kunimatsu.
Japanese: 盛親以外には、細川興秋は父・細川忠興から自刃を命じられ、増田長盛は盛次の罪を背負う形で配流先の岩槻区で、また古田重然は国松を匿った疑いでそれぞれ自刃した。
English: Takenori AKASHI disappeared never to be found, however, his son, Shozaburo AKASHI, was captured in Satsuma in 1633.
Japanese: 明石全登の行方は定かではないが、その息子・明石小三郎は寛永10年（1633年）に薩摩で捕まっている。
English: When the first stage of the revival was completed, Tadaakira was transferred to Yamato Koriyama, and after that Osaka came under direct control of the shogun family and became a commercialized city called "the Kitchen of Japan".
Japanese: 復興が一段落すると忠明は大和郡山に移封され、以降大坂は将軍家直轄となり、『天下の台所』と呼ばれる商業の街になる。
English: The bakufu constructed New Osaka-jo Castle where Osaka-jo Castle was, and made it one of footholds to rule Saigoku.
Japanese: 幕府は大坂城の跡地に新たな大坂城を築き、西国支配の拠点の一つとした。
English: On the other hand, Tadateru MATSUDAIRA was given kaieki (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) the next year partly because he arrived late for the Battle of Tenniji in which he was a supreme commander.
Japanese: 一方、松平忠輝は総大将を務める天王寺合戦で遅参したことが理由の一つとなり、翌年に改易となった。
English: Tadanao MATSUDAIRA, who made the first invasion into Osaka Castle, was dissatisfied with the incensive award for his achievement, which was neither Osaka Castle nor a new territory, but only "Hatsuhana-katatsuki" and a promotion to Jusanmi Sangi (councillor in the Junior Third Rank) Sakone gon no chujo: In later years his dissatisfaction led him to kaieki after committing misconduct.
Japanese: 松平忠直は、大坂城一番乗りの褒賞が大坂城や新しい領地でもなく「初花肩衝」と従三位参議左近衛権中将への昇進のみであったことを不満としており、後に乱行の末改易となった。
English: Nobushige (Yukimura) SANADA's energetic activity in Osaka Natsu no Jin was passed down the generations even in the Tokugawa government as it was performed in Kabuki and so on or drawn in nishikie (color prints) in the Edo period
Japanese: 大坂夏の陣での真田信繁（幸村）の活躍は江戸時代でも歌舞伎などで演じられ、錦絵に描かれるなど、徳川政権下でも後世へ語り継がれた。
English: Particularly, "Sanada Sandaiki (three generations of the Sanada family)" written in the middle Edo period contributed to making not only Shigenobu but also the Sanada family famous.
Japanese: 特に、江戸中期頃に書かれた「真田三代記」は信繁のみならず真田一族の名を高めるのに貢献した。
English: The Battle of Tennoji was described in "Sappan Nikki" of the Shimazu Family as follows: "Because the Sanada troop was the srongest troop in Japan, stronger than any troop in stories from ancient times, the Tokugawa army was half defeated", "Ieyasu even thought of committing seppuku", and so on.
Japanese: 天王寺合戦は島津家の「薩藩旧記」で「真田日本一の兵、古よりの物語にもこれなき由、徳川方、半分敗北」、「家康が切腹も考えるほどだった」などと記された。
English: Also in Kozankojiroku, a biography of Takatora TODO, who guarded the Ieyasu headquaters, there is a description of "a great collapse of hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun)" and Takatora, reviewing the battle, says in the biography that his troop fought back more or less, but was overwhelmed by the Sanada troop, and Takatora himself could not confirm the safety of Ieyasu, who abandoned the headquarters shortly afterward.
Japanese: また家康本陣を守備していた藤堂高虎の一代記である高山公実録にも「御旗本大崩れ」と記され、藤堂勢は一応の応戦はしたものの、真田隊の勢いの前では効果無く、ほどなく家康は本陣を捨ててしまい、高虎自身も、家康の安危を確認できなかったと振り返っている。
English: There remains "Tadataka OKUBO Oboegaki (memoradom)" (Mikawa Monogatari [Tales from Mikawa]", a record of later-year investigations on hatamoto units that ran away, leaving Ieyasu, out of fear of fierce attacks by the Sanada troop.
Japanese: 後に真田隊の猛攻を恐れ、家康を残して逃走した旗本衆の行動を詮議したという「大久保忠教覚書」（三河物語）も残っている。