nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Besides Shomyo-ji Temple of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism, mention is made of two other temples where it is said local village folk made their livings by cultivating temple grounds.
Japanese: 真言宗の正明寺という寺の他に、2ケ寺あったと云われ、村の人は寺荘を耕作して暮らしていたといわれています。
English: In 1631, with the arrival of the first chief priest (High Priest Yugen Shorin), Daiko-ji Temple was built in the present location, affiliated with the Nanzen-ji School of the Rinzai Sect and, has been passed down 27 generations to the present day.
Japanese: 寛永8年　1631年現在の地に開山幽玄相林和尚を請じて大興寺を建立し、臨済宗南禅寺派に属し現在27世今に至っている。
English: The forest green tree frog, which habitats are designated as a natural monument in certain areas, inhabits this area and spawns around May or June each year.
Japanese: 地域によっては生息地が天然記念物に指定されている、モリアオガエルが棲息しており毎年5月6月ごろには産卵している。
English: The Forest Green Tree Frog observation club holds a 'Green Forest Concert' at 1 PM on the first Sunday in June.
Japanese: モリアオガエル観察会を兼ねて6月第一日曜日午後１時よりには「モリアオコンサ－ト」も開催されている。
English: The forest green tree frog is an endemic species to Japan in the Rhacophoridae family; in specific areas its habitats are designated as a natural monument and protected.
Japanese: 日本固有種、アオガエル科　　地域によっては生息地が天然記念物に指定され、保護されている。
English: In Chinese characters, the forest green tree frog is written as 森青蛙 (Moriaogaeru) indicating they live up in trees in forests and are hard to find.
Japanese: 「森青蛙」と表すように、森林、林に樹上生活しているので見つけることが難しい。
English: During the rainy season around June the frogs descend to ponds where they spawn by affixing white foamy floss-like clumps of eggs to branches of trees that brush the water surface.
Japanese: 6月ごろの梅雨時には、産卵池に下りて、池にそり出す樹木の枝に、綿帽子のような白い泡状の卵塊を付ける。
English: An observation event is held annually to observe and protect the forest green tree frog at which local residents and children can appreciate the impact of environmental issues on nature.
Japanese: モリアオガエルの保護、観察のために毎年観察会を開催し、地域の皆さんや子供達に自然環境問題が及ぼす影響を理解していただいている。
English: On November 15, 1942 during the Pacific War, as part of the war effort the bell was sent to Mitsubishi Mining Co. Ltd smelting works in Uno, Okayama Prefecture.
Japanese: 昭和17年11月15日、戦時下の大東亜戦争　梵鐘供出のため岡山県宇野三菱鉱業精錬所に送られた。
English: Since then, the structure has remained empty; however, following petitions by the congregation, a decision was made to recast the bell in April 2010.
Japanese: 爾来堂宇のみ保存されていたが、檀信徒の願意により、平成22年4月には再鋳されることが、決定した。
English: Ishiyama-dera Temple is a To-ji Shingon sect temple located at 1-chome, Ishiyama-dera, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture.
Japanese: 石山寺（いしやまでら）は、滋賀県大津市石山寺1丁目にある東寺真言宗の寺院。
English: Along with Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto and Hase-dera Temple in Nara Prefecture, Ishiyama-dera Temple is one of the foremost Kannon Pilgrimages, being the stamp office for temple number 13 of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho (the 33 temples that are visited during the Kansai Kannon Pilgrimage) in western Japan.
Japanese: 石山寺は、京都の清水寺や奈良県の長谷寺と並ぶ、日本でも有数の観音霊場で、西国三十三箇所観音霊場第13番札所となっている。
English: Ishiyama-dera Temple has been featured in various literary works including "Kagero Nikki" (The Gossamer Years), "Sarashina Nikki" (The Sarashina Diary) and "Makura no soshi" (the Pillow Book) and there is a lore that Murasaki Shikibu, the author of "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji), conceived the story line during her visit to Ishiyama-dera Temple for a sanro (a retreat (to a temple or shrine) for prayer).
Japanese: 石山寺は『蜻蛉日記』『更級日記』『枕草子』などの文学作品にも登場し、『源氏物語』の作者紫式部は石山寺参篭の折に物語の着想を得たとする伝承がある。
English: Ishiyama-dera Temple is located near the southern tip of Lake Biwa on the right bank of Seta-gawa River which is the only river flowing out of that lake.
Japanese: 石山寺は、琵琶湖の南端近くに位置し、琵琶湖から唯一流れ出る瀬田川の右岸にある。
English: The main hall is built on the top of a massive bedrock composed of wollastonite (the Ishiyama-dera Temple wollastonite) designated as a national monument from which Ishiyama-dera Temple derived its name (and, in addition, the Ishiyama-dera Temple wollastonite has been selected as one of Japan's 100 Geographical Conditions).
Japanese: 本堂は国指定天然記念物の珪灰石（「石山寺硅灰石」）という巨大な岩盤の上に建ち、これが寺名の由来ともなっている（石山寺珪灰石は日本の地質百選に選定）。
English: According to "Ishiyama-dera Engi" (a scroll painting of the history of Ishiyama-dera Temple), this temple was founded in 747 at the wish of the Emperor Shomu when Roben (the founder and administrator of Todai-ji Temple) enshrined Nyoirin Kannon which was the nenjibutsu (a small statue of Buddha kept beside a person) of Prince Shotoku at this location.
Japanese: 『石山寺縁起』によれば、聖武天皇の発願により、天平19年（747年）、良弁（ろうべん、東大寺開山・別当）が聖徳太子の念持仏であった如意輪観音をこの地に祀ったのがはじまりとされている。
English: On the occasion of building the Great Buddha of Todai-ji Temple, Emperor Shomu needed a large quantity of gold to coat the surface of the statue.
Japanese: 聖武天皇は東大寺大仏の造立にあたり、像の表面に鍍金（金メッキ）を施すために大量の黄金を必要としていた。
English: The emperor ordered Roben to pray at Mt. Kinpusen in Yoshino for gold.
Japanese: そこで良弁に命じて、黄金が得られるよう、吉野の金峯山（きんぷせん）に祈らせた。
English: While staying at Mt. Kinpusen praying for gold, Kongo Zao (Zao Gongen) of Yoshino appeared in Roben's dream and said,
Japanese: そうしたところ、良弁の夢に吉野の金剛蔵王（蔵王権現）が現われ、こう告げた。
English: The gold in Mt. Kinpusen will be used to coat the earth when Miroku Bosatsu comes down to this world (in 5.67 billion years) (and, therefore, it cannot be used to plate the statue of the Great Buddha).'
Japanese: 「金峯山の黄金は、（56億7千万年後に）弥勒菩薩がこの世に現われた時に地を黄金で覆うために用いるものである（だから大仏鍍金のために使うことはできない）。」
English: Roben visited Ishiyama following the revelation in his dream where he was led by Hira Myojin personified as an old man to a massive bedrock.
Japanese: 夢のお告げにしたがって石山の地を訪れた良弁は、比良明神の化身である老人に巨大な岩へと導かれる。
English: Roben enshrined the 6-inch gilded bronze statue of Nyoirin Kannon that Prince Shotoku always kept by him and built a thatched hut.
Japanese: 良弁は、そこに聖徳太子念持仏の6寸の金銅如意輪観音像を安置し、草庵を建てた。
English: 2 years later, gold was indeed output in Mutsu Province whereby the era name was changed to Tenpyo-shoho.
Japanese: その2年後、実際に陸奥国から黄金が産出され、元号を天平勝宝と改めた。
English: The prayer in accordance with the esoteric Buddhism practice performed by Roben thus produced a good result but, for some reason, the statue of Nyoirin Kannon became stuck on the bedrock.
Japanese: こうして良弁の修法は無事に効果を現わしたわけだが、如意輪観音像がどうしたわけか岩山から離れなくなってしまった。
English: It is said that Roben was consequently obliged to build a hall to shelter the statue of Nyoirin Kannon which became the inaugural structure of Ishiyama-dera Temple.
Japanese: やむなく、如意輪観音像を覆うように堂を建てたのが石山寺の草創という。
English: Starting in 761, under the authority of the Ishiyama-dera Temple Project Office, extension of the hall and maintenance of the temple building were subsequently conducted.
Japanese: その後、天平宝字5年（761年）から造石山寺所という役所のもとで堂宇の拡張、伽藍の整備が行われた。
English: According to the Shoso-in Monjo (Shoso-in Temple archives), staffs including the bushi (sculptor of Buddhist statues) from the Todai-ji Temple Project Office (the office installed for the construction of Todai-ji Temple) were sent to the Ishiyama-dera Temple site whereby its construction was underway as a state project.
Japanese: 正倉院文書（もんじょ）によれば、造東大寺司（東大寺造営のための役所）からも仏師などの職員が派遣されたことが知られ、石山寺の造営は国家的事業として進められていた。
English: It is said that the reason for the construction of Ishiyama-dera Temple receiving such a high level attention also had in part to do with its close proximity to Hora-no-miya which was built by Emperor Junna and Emperor Koken.
Japanese: これには、淳仁天皇と孝謙天皇が造営した保良宮（ほらのみや）が石山寺の近くにあったことも関係していると言われる。
English: The molded statue of Nyoirin Kannon, the principle image of the temple as well as the statues of her attendants Kongo Zao and Shukongoshin were produced between 761 and the following year.
Japanese: 本尊の塑造如意輪観音像と脇侍の金剛蔵王像、執金剛神（しゅこんごうしん）像は、天平宝字5年（761年）から翌年にかけて制作された。
English: Thereafter, the history of Ishiyama-dera Temple up to the early Heian period remains unclear but, according to temple legend, some prominent monks such as Shobo and Kangen came to the temple as its head priest.
Japanese: 以降、平安時代前期にかけての寺史はあまりはっきりしていないが、寺伝によれば、聖宝（しょうぼう）、観賢などの当時高名な僧が座主（ざす、「住職」とほぼ同義）として入寺している。
English: Ishiyama-dera Temple and Daigo-ji Temple were located close to one another and it is considered that Ishiyama-dera Temple began to become esotericised around this time.
Japanese: 石山寺と醍醐寺は地理的にも近く、この頃から石山寺の密教化が進んだものと思われる。
English: It is said that the grandson of SUGAWARA no Michizane and the third head priest Shunyu Naiku (priest) (890 – 953) was responsible for the restoration of Ishiyama-dera Temple.
Japanese: 石山寺の中興の祖と言われるのが、菅原道真の孫の第3世座主・淳祐(僧)内供（しゅんにゅうないく、890－953）である。
English: Naiku is the abbreviation of naikubu-juzenshi (the ten selected excellent priests for Buddhist services in the Imperial Court) who, being beside the emperor, performed incantations for health and safety of the emperor's body and stayed close to the emperor.
Japanese: 内供とは内供奉十禅師（ないくぶじゅうぜんじ）の略称で、天皇の傍にいて、常に玉体を加持する僧の称号である。
English: While being a high priest, Shunyu had firmly declined offers for the various positions but was known as Naiku and was also referred to as Ishiyama Naiku or Fugen-in Naiku.
Japanese: 高僧でありながら、諸職を固辞していた淳祐がこの内供を称され、「石山内供」「普賢院内供」とも呼ばれている。
English: The reason for that reference was that, being physically disabled, Shunyu was unable to seat himself properly and, to compensate for his disadvantage, studied diligently and left an enormous amount of literary work.
Japanese: その理由は淳祐は体が不自由で、正式の坐法で坐ることができなかったことから、学業に精励し、膨大な著述を残している。
English: Many of his remaining handwritten books in existence today at Ishiyama-dera Temple are referred to as 'Nioi-no Shogyo' (the Fragrant Scriptures) that are collectively designated as a national treasure.
Japanese: 彼の自筆本は今も石山寺に多数残存し、「匂いの聖教（においのしょうぎょう）」と呼ばれ、一括して国宝に指定されている。
English: Around this time, it became popular among court ladies at the Imperial Court to visit Ishiyama-dera Temple which was described in "Kagero Nikki" (The Gossamer Years) and "Sarashina Nikki" (The Sarashina Diary).
Japanese: このころ、石山詣が宮廷の官女の間で盛んとなり、「蜻蛉日記」や「更級日記」にも描写されている。
English: It is believed that Todai-mon Gate and Taho-to Pagoda were built in the early Kamakura period donated by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and it is considered that the physical appearance of Ishiyama-dera Temple that is seen today was completed around this time.
Japanese: 東大門、多宝塔は鎌倉時代初期、源頼朝の寄進により建てられたものとされ、この頃には現在見るような寺観が整ったと思われる。
English: Since Ishiyama-dera Temple has never been subjected to fires caused by war, its numerous valuable cultural properties such as architecture, buildings, Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures and documents remain in existence today.
Japanese: 石山寺は兵火に遭わなかったため、建造物、仏像、経典、文書などの貴重な文化財を多数伝存している。
English: In Section 208 of "Makura no soshi" (the Pillow Book) (Volumes 1 - 3, Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition), it says, 'Temples are Minamihokke-ji Temple, Kasagi-dera Temple and Horin-ji Temple (Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 『枕草子』二〇八段(三巻本「日本古典文学大系」)には「寺は南法華寺、笠置寺、法輪寺(京都市西京区)。
English: The description of court ladies visiting Ishiyama-dera Temple appeared in an entry for July 970 in "Kagero Nikki."
Japanese: とあり、藤原道綱母の『蜻蛉日記』では天禄元年（970年）7月の記事に登場する。
English: The daughter of Takasue SUGAWARA who wrote "Sarashina Nikki" had a retreat at Ishiyama-dera Temple in 1001.
Japanese: 『更級日記』の筆者・菅原孝標女（すがわらたかすえのむすめ）も長保3年（1001年）、石山寺に参篭している。
English: Legend has it that, on the full-moon night of August 15, 1004 during her retreat at Ishiyama-dera Temple, Murasaki Shikibu got the idea of the chapters of 'Suma' and 'Akashi' whereby the 'Room of Genji' was built in the main hall of that temple.
Japanese: 伝承では、寛弘元年（1004年）、紫式部が当寺に参篭した際、八月十五夜の名月の晩に、「須磨」「明石」の巻の発想を得たとされ、石山寺本堂には「紫式部の間」が造られている。
English: In "the Diary of Izumi Shikibu" (Chapter 15), she wrote, 'I have visited Ishiyama to divert my mind from sadness.'
Japanese: 『和泉式部日記』（十五段）では、「つれづれもなぐさめむとて、石山に詣でて」とあり、
English: It described her relationship with Imperial Prince Atsumichi being on the rocks, so Izumi Shikibu took refuge in the temple to comfort her discontent.
Japanese: 和泉式部が敦道親王との関係が上手くいかず、むなしい気持を慰めるために寺に籠った様子が描かれている。
English: The main hall is a building complex consisting of the shodo hall (the inner shrine), ainoma (the room connecting shodo and raido) and the raido hall (the worship hall).
Japanese: －正堂（しょうどう）、合の間、礼堂（らいどう）からなる複合建築である。
English: Structurally, the main hall consists of two buildings of Yosemune-zukuri (a square or rectangular building, covered with a hipped roof) including the shodo hall of seven ken wide by four ken deep (ken is an architectural term representing the number of intercolumniation space between two columns and not a unit of distance) and the raido hall of nine ken wide by four ken deep that have been interconnected by the ainoma of one ken deep, presenting a convex plane view.
Japanese: 構造的には正面7間、奥行4間（「間」は長さの単位ではなく、柱間の数を示す建築用語）の正堂と、正面9間、奥行4間の礼堂という2つの寄棟造建物の間を、奥行1間の「合の間」でつないだ形になり、平面は凸字形になる。
English: The shodo which was burnt down in 1078 and subsequently rebuilt in 1096 is the oldest architecture in Shiga Prefecture.
Japanese: 正堂は承暦2年（1078年）の火災焼失後、永長元年（1096年）に再建されたもので、滋賀県下最古の建築である。
English: Ainoma and the raido hall were constructed in 1602 as gifts from Yodo-dono (Lady Yodo).
Japanese: 合の間と礼堂は淀殿の寄進で慶長7年（1602）に建立されたものである。
English: The eastern end of ainoma is referred to as the 'Room of Genji' (where Murasaki Shikibu wrote the Tale of Genji) where a statue of Murasaki Shikibu at work is placed.
Japanese: 合の間の東端は「紫式部源氏の間」と称され、執筆中の紫式部の像が安置されている。
English: The raido hall was built in the kake-zukuri (overhang method of construction) style on the slope with a number of tall columns being erected at the front to support the floor.
Japanese: 礼堂は傾斜地に建ち、正面は長い柱を多数立てて床を支える懸造（かけづくり）となっている。
English: Tahoto Pagoda was built in 1194 being the oldest tahoto pagoda that can be dated.
Japanese: －建久5年（1194）建立で、年代の明らかなものとしては日本最古の多宝塔である。
English: The tile-roofed Todai-mon Gate was built in 1190 and subsequently went through major repair work around the same time that the raido hall in the main hall was constructed in the early Modern era.
Japanese: 入母屋造、瓦葺きで、建久元年（1190年）の建立だが、本堂の礼堂が建立されたのと同時期の近世初期に大幅な修理を受けている。
English: The Buddhist Scriptures handwritten by Shunyu Naiku, one Book of 73 Volumes (There was one book of 60 volumes when it became designated as a National Treasure in 1961 but the additional 13 volumes were subsequently found in the temple and were added to the former in 2002.)
Japanese: 淳祐内供筆聖教（しゅんにゅうないくひつしょうぎょう）73巻1帖（1961年の国宝指定時には「60巻1帖」だったが、寺内で新たに発見された13巻が2002年に追加指定されている）
English: Being a hidden Buddhist image, it is on view only for a special exposition which takes place every 33 years and when the emperor accedes to the throne.
Japanese: 秘仏で、33年に1度の開扉と、天皇即位時の開扉以外は公開されることがない。
English: Since the latter part of the twentieth century, the principle image has been on exhibit for special expositions in 1961, from April 10 to April 30, 1991 to celebrate the accession to the throne by Emperor Akihito and from August 1 to December 16, 2002 to commemorate the 1,250th anniversary of the founding of Ishiyama-dera Temple.
Japanese: 20世紀後半以降では、1961年に開扉、1991年4月10日から4月30日まで天皇即位吉例開扉、2002年8月1日から12月16日まで開基1,250年記念で開扉が行われている。
English: The statue of Nyoirin Kannon frequently has six arms but the principle image of Ishiyama-dera Temple has two arms and sits directly on the bedrock.
Japanese: 如意輪観音像は6臂像（6本の手をもつ）が多いが、本像は2臂像で、岩盤の上に直接坐している。
English: Various items including four gilt bronze statues of the Buddha and a gorinto (a gravestone composed of five pieces piled up one upon another) made of quartz crystal created in the Nara period were found inside the statue and they became designated as National Treasures as attachments to the host statue in 2003.
Japanese: 像内からは奈良時代の金銅仏4体、水晶製五輪塔などが発見され、これらは2003年、本像の附属として重文に追加指定されている。
English: This particular wooden core was found inside the statue of Kongo Zao (Zao Gongen) that is the right attendant of the principle image.
Japanese: この心木は、本尊の右脇侍である金剛蔵王（蔵王権現）像の内部から発見されたもの。
English: The statue of Kongo Zao per se was made in the Edo period but the wooden core goes back to the time that the original statue was created in the Nara period and thus making it scientifically invaluable.
Japanese: 金剛蔵王像自体は江戸時代の作だが、心木は奈良時代創建時のもので、学術的にきわめて貴重なものである。
English: Wooden half-lotus postured Nyoirin kannon (the principle image)/ items stored inside the statue (four gilt bronze statues of the Buddha, a crystal stupa and a zushi (cupboard-like case with double doors in which an image of (the) Buddha, a sutra, or some other revered object is kept at a temple))
Japanese: 木造如意輪観音半跏像（本尊）・像内納入品（金銅仏4躯、水晶舎利塔、厨子）
English: (Note) This statue of Kannon was stolen in 1948 and only its headless body was subsequently was found.
Japanese: （注）この観音像は1948年盗難に遭い、その後、首以下の胴体部分のみが発見された。
English: Five-minute drive from Meishin Expressway Seta-higashi Interchange and Seta-nishi Interchange (Parking available for 140 vehicles)
Japanese: 名神高速道路瀬田東インターチェンジ・瀬田西インターチェンジより車5分　（駐車場：140台）
English: Located in each prefecture in Japan, Gokoku-jinja Shrine is a shrine honoring the spirits of the fallen heroes who sacrificed themselves for Japan, including the war dead and victims to the Japan Self-Defense Forces from each prefecture.
Japanese: 護国神社（ごこくじんじゃ）は、日本の各県に建立されている、その県出身の戦死者・自衛隊殉職者などを、日本国に殉じた英霊として祀る神社。
English: Shokonsha, which were built around the country during the Meiji period, had a name change to Gokoku-jinja Shrine simultaneously by an ordinance from the Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan) in 1939.
Japanese: 明治時代に日本各地に設立された招魂社が、1939年（昭和14年）の内務省(日本)によって一斉に改称したものである。
English: Generally one Gokoku-jinja Shrine in each prefecture was categorized as a Home Minister-designated Gokoku-jinja Shrine, which corresponds to Fukensha (prefectural shrines), and other Gokoku-jinja Shrines were categorized as non-designated Gokoku-jinja Shrines, which correspond to sonsha (a village shrine).
Japanese: おおむね各府県につき1社を府県社に相当する内務大臣指定護国神社（指定護国神社）とし、それ以外を村社に相当する指定外護国神社とした。
English: After the war, Gokoku-jinja Shrines were deemed to be militaristic institutions and thus were forced to change names based on, e.g., the name of the place, deleting 'Gokoku-jinja,' to survive.
Japanese: 敗戦後、護国神社は軍国主義施設と見なされ、存続を図るために名称から「護国神社」の文字を外して地名などを元に改称を余儀なくされた。
English: After the conclusion of the San Francisco Peace Treaty and Japan's recovery of its independency, the shrines changed their names back to the original.
Japanese: サンフランシスコ平和条約を締結し、日本が独立を回復すると、元の社名に戻した。
English: Shokon' (招魂) of 'Shokonsha' (招魂社) means a provisional or temporary religious service, while 'sha' (社) means a permanent institution.
Japanese: 「招魂社」の「招魂」は臨時の、一時的な祭祀であるが、「社」は恒久施設である。
English: More than one designated Gokoku-jinja Shrines exist in some prefectures: three in Hokkaido and two in Hyogo, Hiroshima, Shimane, Gifu Prefectures, individually.
Japanese: 指定護国神社は、北海道は3社、兵庫県・広島県・島根県・岐阜県では2社というように、一都道府県内に複数存在するところもある。
English: (Hida Gokoku-jinja Shrine in Gifu Prefecture is one of the major Gokoku-jinja Shrines, but it is categorized as a non-designated Gokoku-jinja Shrine.)
Japanese: （岐阜県の飛騨護国神社は主要護国神社の1社ではあるが、指定外となっている。）
English: Some regions enduring the old consciousness of province and region did not accept the war dead from other 'provinces' or regions even if he was from the same prefecture, which supposedly remains as the reason for this (for example, Hiroshima Prefecture has two Gokoku-jinja Shrines: one in the former Bingo Province and the other in the former Aki Province).
Japanese: これはかつての令制国や地域意識が強く残っていた地域では同じ県出身者でも違う「国」や地域出身の戦没者を受け入れない例があり、それが尾を引いているからだと言われている（例えば広島県の場合、かつての備後国と安芸国にそれぞれ1社存在する）。
English: Some prefectures do not have a Gokoku-jinja Shrine; Kanagawa Prefecture's being destroyed by fire during the war while being constructed (Yokoyama City War Memorial Tower was built after the war) and Tokyo (Tokyo Memorial Hall was built before the war, where the religious service is held according to Buddhist rites).
Japanese: 建設中に戦災で焼失した神奈川県（戦後、横浜市戦没者慰霊塔が建てられた）や、東京都（戦前より東京都慰霊堂があり、仏式で祭祀が行われる）と、存在しない都県もある。
English: It is not that the enshrined deity of Gokoku-jinja Shrine was separated; it is officially said 'Gokoku-jinja Shrine is not a branch shrine of the Yasukuni-jinja Shrine' since it honors spirits and holds religious services on its own accord.
Japanese: 護国神社の祭神は分祀されたのではなく、独自で招魂し祭祀を執り行っているため、公式には「靖國神社とは本社分社の関係にはない」とされている。
English: However, both Yasukuni-jinja Shrine and Gokoku-jinja Shrine honor the spirits of the fallen heroes and have a strong connection and exchanges.
Japanese: しかし、共に英霊を祀る靖國神社と護国神社とは深い関わりを持ち交流がある。
English: The National Association of Gokoku-jinja Shrines (the former Urayasukai) comprising of 52 major Gokoku-jinja Shrines cooperates with Yasukuni-jinja Shrine to do various activities such as honoring the spirits of the fallen heroes.
Japanese: 主要な護国神社52社で組織する全國護國神社會（旧浦安会）は靖國神社と連携し、英霊顕彰の為の様々な活動を行っている。
English: In 1960, 52 Gokoku-jinja Shrines in the country were awarded heihaku (paper or silk cuttings or red and white cloth are presented to the gods) from the Emperor and Empress, thereafter this custom has continued for ten years annually since the end of the war.
Japanese: 1960年（昭和35年）、全国の護国神社52社に対して天皇・皇后より幣帛が下賜されて以降、終戦から数えて10年毎に幣帛の下賜が続けられている。
English: Like Gokoku-jinja Shrines, Yasukuni-jinja Shrine is a shrine honoring the spirits of the war dead and originated from Shokonsha.
Japanese: 靖國神社も護国神社と同様に、戦死者を英霊として祀る神社であり、やはり招魂社を改称したものである。
English: However, it differs from Gokoku-jinja Shrines in that it enshrines individuals from any region in Japan, including Koreans and Taiwanese who were identified as Japanese before the Pacific War.
Japanese: しかし、太平洋戦争当時まで日本人とされていた朝鮮民族、台湾人を含め日本全国どこの出身であっても祀られる対象となる点が異なっている。
English: So far, Gokoku-jinja Shrines in the country have been supported mainly by the war-bereaved association and veterans association, but the members of the associations are decreasing due to aging.
Japanese: これまで各地の護国神社を支えてきたのは戦没者の遺族会や戦友会であったが、高齢化とともにその数が激減している。
English: After the war, Gokoku-jinja Shrine came to also enshrine self-defense officials who died on duty, replacing military men, and the application for collective enshrinement came to be handled by the Provincial Liaison Office of the Self Defense Forces and Taiyukai.
Japanese: 戦後、軍人にかわり殉職した自衛官も護国神社に祀られるようになり、合祀申請は自衛隊の地方連絡部と社団法人隊友会により行われるようになった。
English: However, since the collective enshrinement and its application proceeded without an agreement with the bereaved family like in the prewar period, a situation once developed where the Christian wife of a self-defense official who died on duty (other family members all agreed with the collective enshrinement) asked for compensation or the like for religious human rights violations.
Japanese: が、戦前と同様合祀・合祀申請ともに遺族の同意を一切求めず行われるため、クリスチャンである殉職自衛官の妻が（他の遺族は全員賛成）、宗教的人格権を侵害されたとして損害賠償等を請求する事態に発展したことがある。
English: (Self-defense official Gokoku-jinja Shrine collective enshrinement case; Case No. Max. Showa 57(O)902/Decided June 1, 1988/Digest, Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 277.)
Japanese: （自衛官護国神社合祀事件・最大昭和57(オ)902号事件/判昭和63年6月1日/判例集第42巻5号277頁）
English: Currently, Gokoku-jinja Shrines are shrines standing rather quietly and locally, in which people are less interested in than Yasukuni-jinja Shrine and which are not often involved in political contention.
Japanese: 現在、護国神社はどちらかと言えば各地でひっそりと地味に存在している神社であり、靖國神社程には人々の関心が向けられることや政治論争に巻き込まれることが比較的少ない。
English: Some people complain that the public has an intense interest in Yasukuni-jinja Shrine regarding honoring the spirits of the fallen heroes, while others positively think that Gokoku-jinja Shrines can therefore retain a peaceful and quiet environment for the enshrined deity.
Japanese: これには英霊顕彰に関する関心が靖國神社ばかりに集中していることを嘆く声もある反面、祀られている祭神にとって静かで平穏な環境を保つことができていると肯定的な意見もある。
English: Chuhachi NINOMIYA succeeded in an air trial with a model plane with engine in 1891, but he stopped developing an airplane when he knew that the Wright brothers successfully made a two-person airplane.
Japanese: 二宮忠八は1891年（明治24年）に日本で初めて動力つき模型飛行実験に成功したものの、人を乗せることができる飛行機をライト兄弟が実現したことを知り、飛行機開発から離れる。
English: However, Chuhachi was grieved about the increasing number of plane accidents after the invention of airplane, and felt responsible as one of those involved in the development for consoling the spirits of air crash victims.
Japanese: しかし、飛行機発明以来、航空事故が多発するようになったことに心を痛めた忠八は、事故犠牲者の慰霊が飛行機開発に携わった者としての責任だと感じた。
English: He put his own money to build the shrine dedicated to the spirits of the victims in 1915.
Japanese: 忠八は私財を投じて犠牲者の霊を祀る神社を1915年（大正4年）に創建した。