nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1886, Preparatory School of the University of Tokyo, its extension campus in Osaka (later moved to Kyoto) and Yamaguchi Junior Highs School were renamed the First Higher Middle School, the Third Higher Middle School and Yamaguchi Higher Middle School, respectively.
Japanese: 1886年、東京大学予備門は第一高等中学校に、大阪の大学分校は第三高等中学校（のちに京都に移転）に、山口中学校は山口高等中学校に改められた。
English: In the following year of 1887, the Second Higher Middle School (Sendai), the Fourth Higher Middle School (Kanazawa), the Fifth Higher Middle School (Kumamoto), Kagosima Higher Middle Zoshikan School were established one after another.
Japanese: 翌1887年（明治20年）、第二高等中学校（仙台）・第四高等中学校（金沢）・第五高等中学校（熊本）・鹿児島高等中学造士館があいついで設立された。
English: The number on each school refers to the school district number (there were changes depending on the time period) from first one to fifth, and numbers sixth through eighth were given chronologically according to their establishment.
Japanese: 各校に付されている数字は第一から第五までは当時の学区（時期により変遷した）の番号であり、第六から第八までは設立順となっている。
English: In April of 1897, the school district system was abolished, and it became possible to take entrance examinations for higher schools unrestricted by the school districts.
Japanese: 1897年(明治30年)4月、学区制が撤廃され、学区に縛られることなく高等学校の受験が可能となった。
English: While enjoying the economic growth because of World War I, Japan also experienced a great advancement in industrial power, and consequently, there was a societal demand to build more imperial universities and increase the student enrollment limit.
Japanese: 第一次世界大戦の好景気にわく日本は同時に工業力の大発展をとげ、帝国大学の増設や学生定員の増加が社会的にもとめられることとなった。
English: In 1918, under the Hara cabinet, the 'foundation and expansion plan of higher schools in the miscellaneous category' with an enormous additional budget of 44.5 million yen (currency) was submitted to the Imperial Diet and it was approved.
Japanese: 1918年（大正7年）、原内閣のもとで「高等諸学校創設及拡張計画」が4450万円(通貨)の莫大な追加予算をともなって帝国議会に提出され可決された。
English: This six-year plan starting from 1918 would newly build 10 national higher schools under the old system, six national higher technical schools, four national higher schools of agriculture and forestry, seven national higher schools of commerce, one school of foreign languages (under the former system) and one specialized school of pharmaceutical sciences under the old system as well install four faculties at imperial universities and upgrade five medical universities and one college of commerce.
Japanese: その計画では、大正8年から6年計画で、官立旧制高等学校10校、官立高等工業学校6校、官立高等農林学校4校、官立高等商業学校7校、外国語学校(旧制)1校、旧制薬学専門学校1校の新設、帝国大学4学部の設置、医科大学5校の昇格、商科大学1校の昇格であった。
English: During this time, there was a fight over the name of 'the Ninth High School' between Niigata and Matsumoto, and the use of numbers was abandoned and the place name was used instead.
Japanese: このさい、新潟と松本のあいだで「第九高等学校」の名称の奪い合いがおきたため、番号をやめて地名をもちいるようになった。
English: Institutionally, the seven-year higher school (four years of regular course and three years of advanced course) was defined as an institution of higher education, but it effectively served as an institution of both middle and higher education in one school.
Japanese: 七年制高等学校（尋常科4年・高等科3年）は制度的に高等教育機関と位置づけられているものの、実質的には一つの学校で中等・高等教育機関をかねていた。
English: Educators who believed in the most advanced educational philosophy at the time as well international businessmen who were committed to the British public schools jumped on the idea of the seven-year higher schools, and many seven-year higher schools aimed to nurture students to have sophisticated disposition.
Japanese: 七年制高等学校構想には当時の先端的な教育思想を信奉する教育家や英国流のパブリックスクールに傾倒していた国際派経済人がとびつき、おおくの七年制高等学校はスマートな気質の学生をそだてることをめざした。
English: There was even a school, like Musashi High School (under the old system), which banned sports and didn't hesitate to have a large number of dropouts and dismissed students, but boasted its rate of successful applicants for Tokyo Imperial University exceeded that of Ichiko (the First Higher School).
Japanese: 武蔵高等学校(旧制)のようにスポーツをきんじ、落第者・退校者を多数だすこともじせず、東京帝大への入学率で一高をぬいたことを自慢する学校すらあった。
English: Ichiro MIKUNI, an essayist who graduated from the Eighth Higher School, he saw the students of Tokyo Imperial University who were graduates of the seven-year high schools upon entering the university, and he described them as 'a group of eccentric type of the students of Tokyo Imperial University.'
Japanese: 八高出身のエッセイスト・三國一朗は東京帝大に入学したさい、七年制高等学校出身の東大生を目撃し、「異様なタイプの東大生の一群」とひょうしている。
English: There are also criticisms that seven-year high schools created young writers and exam-ready brains who were sophisticated but lacked substance.
Japanese: 七年制高等学校はスマートだが重量感にとぼしい受験秀才と文芸青年をうみだしたとの評価もある。
English: Tokyo Higher School Regular Course was abolished only 12 years after classes started and only 13 years after it was established.
Japanese: 東京高等学校尋常科は設立からわずか13年、授業開始から12年で廃止されることになった。
English: Later, Osaka Prefectural Naniwa Higher School Regular Course and the regular course at Toyama High School, which changed its status from public to national, were abolished one after another (Tokyo Higher School Regular Course temporarily restarted taking in applicants after the war).
Japanese: その後も大阪府立浪速高等学校尋常科、公立から官立に移管した富山高等学校の尋常科もあいついで廃止された（東高尋常科は戦後の一時期、募集を再開）。
English: The only national or public schools that taught the regular course were the Taipei Higher School, which was under the jurisdiction of the Taiwan Governor-General, and the Prefectural Higher School established by the prefecture of Tokyo.
Japanese: 官立、公立で尋常科を持つのは台湾総督府が所管する台北高等学校と東京府が設立した府立高等学校のみとなった。
English: Among the group of higher schools under the old system that included institution of primary education were Konan, Seijo and Seikei.
Japanese: 旧制高等学校群において初等教育機関を包含していた学校には甲南、成城、成蹊がある。
English: Entrance into these elementary schools was directly linked to moving onto imperial universities, including Tokyo Imperial University, and they became very popular.
Japanese: これらの小学校への入学が東京帝国大学をはじめとする帝国大学群への進学に直結することとなり人気をあつめた。
English: Ichiro KATO, who later became the president of the University of Tokyo, also went from Seijo Elementary School (current Seijo Gakuen Elementary School) on to Seijo Higher School.
Japanese: のちに東大総長となる加藤一郎も成城の小学校（現成城学園初等学校）から成城高等学校に進んでいる。
English: It is generally regarded that at the educational reform advanced courses moved on to become universities under the new system, and the regular courses moved on to become middle schools and high schools.
Japanese: 学制改革にさいしては、高等科は新制大学へ尋常科は新制中学校・高等学校へそれぞれ移行したとかんがえるのが一般的である。
English: Gakushuin Junior High School (under the former system) and Gakushuin High School (under the former system) (current Gakushuin High School and Gakushuin University, respectively) of Incorporated Educational Institution of Gakushuin
Japanese: 学校法人学習院の学習院中等科(旧制)・学習院高等科(旧制)（現在の学習院高等科・学習院大学）
English: At the beginning, there were primary course (six years), junior high course (six years at the beginning, then five years), supplementary course, higher course and special college course (abolished in 1905).
Japanese: 当初は初等学科（6年）、中等学科（当初は6年のち5年）、補習科、高等学科、大学別科(1905年廃止)などが置かれていた。
English: However, in 1919, the schools were renamed to primary, junior high and high schools, and this system continued until the implementation of School Education Law.
Japanese: しかし、1919年に初等科、中等科、高等科と改称され、学校教育法が施行されるまでその体制がつづいた。
English: According to the Gakushuin school system, at the beginning, the supplementary course and the higher course were regarded as two-year educational institutions for students who graduated from the junior high course.
Japanese: 当初の学習院学制では補習科および高等学科は中等科の卒業生を対象とした2年制の教育機関という位置づけとなっていた。
English: From the Meiji period to the Taisho period, advancement to an Imperial University was not completely guaranteed.
Japanese: 明治期から大正期にかけては帝国大学への進学も完全に保証されたものではなかった。
English: The graduates of higher course were permitted to go on to an imperial university when the student enrollment capacity was not filled at the imperial university, or only by recommendation of the university president, and there was no standard system of advancement.
Japanese: 高等学科の卒業生は帝国大学側に定員割れがしょうじた場合や、院長の推薦によりのみ帝国大学への進学がゆるされるなど制度として一定していない。
English: Order of Ministry of Education Article Number 27 in 1921 guaranteed students institutional permission to advance to imperial universities just as other graduates of higher course of higher schools under the old system.
Japanese: ほかの旧制高校高等科卒業生とまったく同等の帝国大学への進学許可が制度的に保証されるようなったのは1921年の文部省令第二七号によるものである。
English: After World War II, education in medicine and dentistry were taught at universities (universities under the old system).
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後、医学・歯学教育は大学（旧制大学）でおこなうこととなった。
English: However, some among these schools did not fulfill the standards to be upgraded to universities, and such schools were transformed into higher schools under the old system in order to save the matriculated students.
Japanese: しかし、このうちいくつかは大学昇格の基準をみたすことができず在校生徒救済のために旧制高等学校に改変された。
English: They are called post-war specially established high schools (however, Tokushima National Higher School became a higher school through a different route).
Japanese: これを戦後特設高校とよぶ（ただし、官立徳島高等学校は異なる経緯で旧制高校となった）。
English: They were considered as preparatory courses for medical universities, and they were partially included into the universities under the new system that were established during the educational reform.
Japanese: 医大の予科的な位置づけであり、一部は学制改革時新設された新制大学に包括された。
English: While they were similar to higher schools under the old system (those established by the University Order), they were institutions of higher education with the understanding that their students would advance only to the universities with which they were separately associated.
Japanese: 旧制高等学校に類似するものの（大学令により設立されたもの）、個別に連携された大学へのみ進学を前提とした高等教育機関である。
English: A SHIHAN GAKKO (normal school) is an middle and advanced educational institution for training teachers for elementary/middle schools (shihan education) under the prewar educational system reform.
Japanese: 師範学校（しはんがっこう）とは、戦前の学制改革において初等・中等学校教員の養成（師範教育）を目的とした中等・高等教育機関である。
English: Based on the educational school system published in 1872, a normal school was established by the government in Yushima Seido Temple, succeeding part of Shoheizaka-Gakumonjo closed in 1871, and then they were established in each school system district such as Osaka, Sendai, Nagoya, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Niigata.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）、同年に公布された学制に基づき、東京の湯島聖堂内に、1871年に閉鎖された昌平坂学問所を一部引き継ぐ形で官立の師範学校が設立され、その後、大阪・仙台・名古屋・広島・長崎・新潟と各学制学区に設置された。
English: By 1878 all government-established normal schools excluding Tokyo Normal School and Tokyo Women's Normal School were transferred to their prefectures.
Japanese: 1878年（明治11年）までに、官立の師範学校は、東京師範学校と東京女子師範学校を除いてすべて府県に移管された。
English: Besides these schools, there were many other normal schools, established independently by each prefecture, for training elementary school teachers, but there was no uniformity in the period of education and entrance age.
Japanese: このほか各県が小学校教員養成を目的として独自に設置した師範学校が多数存在したが、修業期間・入学年齢ともにまちまちであった。
English: In 1881 guidelines of rules for teaching for normal schools were set up under Education Order, which led to the first unification of the level of normal schools.
Japanese: 1881年（明治14年）、教育令のもとで師範学校教則大綱が定められ、師範学校のレベルが初めて統一された。
English: With the enactment of Normal School Order in 1886, the normal schools were divided into higher normal schools and ordinary normal schools.
Japanese: 1886年（明治19年）、師範学校令が制定され師範学校は高等師範学校と尋常師範学校に分けられた。
English: In 1897 with the enactment of Normal School Order, the ordinary normal school was renamed to normal school.
Japanese: 1897年（明治30年）、師範教育令が制定され尋常師範学校は師範学校と改められた。
English: In 1907 with the start of a six-year elementary school system, normal school regulations were set up and the second normal schools for middle-school graduates were institutionalized.
Japanese: 1907年（明治40年）、小学校の6年制化に伴い師範学校規程が定められ、中等学校卒業者対象の師範学校第二部が制度化された。
English: In 1943 due to the revision of Normal School Order all the normal schools were transferred to the government and also promoted to educational institutions equal to old-system vocational schools, and youth normal schools were set up afresh (the Order was revised the next year).
Japanese: 1943年（昭和18年）、師範教育令の改正により、師範学校はすべて官立移管されかつ旧制専門学校と同格の教育機関に昇格、あらたに青年師範学校が設置された（翌年さらに改正）。
English: (As for normal schools in Taiwan, among Japanese old oversea territories, refer to the normal school institutions in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period.)
Japanese: （なお旧外地のうち台湾の師範学校については、日本統治時代の台湾の師範教育機関も参照のこと）
English: On condition of becoming teachers after graduation, normal school students are exempted from paying tuition and also ensured their livelihood, they played a role of helping excellent children from poor families.
Japanese: 師範学校は、卒業後教職に就くことを前提に授業料がかからないのみならず生活も保障されたので、優秀でも貧しい家の子弟への救済策の役割を果たしていた。
English: If a student could manage to take the course as follows: normal school => higher normal school => university of literature and science, the student could complete a course which was equivalent to a regular route: middle school => high school => imperial university, with no school expenses, thus normal schools attracted many students who were excellent but suffering financial burdens.
Japanese: 師範学校→高等師範学校→文理科大学というコースをとれば、学費無料で中等学校→高等学校→帝国大学という正規のルートに匹敵する教育が受けられたため、経済的な理由で進学を断念せざるをえない優秀な人材を多く吸収した。
English: However, after the war, for the democratization of Japan, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers of General Headquarters (GHQ/SCAP) dismantled the normal school system, which had been a hotbed of the militaristic education, and gave an instruction that teacher training should be done at universities on the U.S. model.
Japanese: しかし、戦後になると連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ/SCAP)が日本の民主化のため、軍国教育の温床となった師範学校制度を解体し、米国にならって教員養成を大学で行うよう指導した。
English: People began to criticize normal schools; the dormitory life of the normal school was quite the same as that of a naimu-han (internal affairs corps) of the Imperial Japanese Army with seniors always teasing and hazing juniors to teach them absolute obedience to their seniors, and the education content also had a lot of problems such as teaching what was described in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) as an authentic history, and the graduates, as supporters of the militarist education, kept sending their students to the front.
Japanese: 全寮制の師範学校の寮生活は大日本帝国陸軍の内務班そのままで、上級生への絶対服従を植えつけるため下級生へのいじめ、しごきは日常茶飯事であり、古事記の記述を盲目的に正史として教えるなど教育内容にも問題が多く、その卒業生たちが軍国主義教育の担い手となり、教え子を続々と戦地に送り続けてきたという批判が出たのである。
English: Such education resulted in producing a lot of so-called 'normal school type teachers' who were rigid, narrow-minded, and stereotyped, emphasizing formalism, authoritarianism, blind obedience, etc., which had already been a problem in prewar days, too.
Japanese: かかる教育の結果として、いわゆる「師範タイプ」と称される、形式主義、権威主義、盲目的服従主義、など融通がきかず杓子定規で型にはまっている教師を大量に生み出しており、このような「師範タイプ」の存在は戦前においても問題視されていた。
English: Therefore, normal schools in various regions, on the model of American universities such as "liberal arts colleges", made a fresh start as Department of Education or Department of Liberal Arts of new-system universities that embodied various old-system schools.
Japanese: このため、各地の師範学校はアメリカ合衆国の「リベラルアーツカレッジ」などを手本にして、旧制諸学校を包有した新制大学の教育学部、学芸学部として再出発することになった。
English: However, in the screening accompanied by the transition from an old-system normal school to a university, a lot of teachers failed in the screening and lost their jobs because the screening naturally focused on teachers' achievements as scholars/researchers, but those who failed knew nothing more than practical knowledge such as how to use blackboards or managing their classes.
Japanese: しかし、大学への移行に伴う教官の審査では、当然研究者としての実績が重視されたため、黒板の書き方や学級経営など実務ノウハウしか持ち合わせなかった旧制師範時代の教官の多くは審査の結果不適格として教壇を追われた。
English: Therefore, at this time, many schools replaced teachers extensively, and the campuses of normal/youth and normal schools in a prefecture are integrated in series, as a result school traditions changed greatly.
Japanese: このためこの時期に大幅に教官を入れ替えた学校が多く、また県内の師範、青年師範のキャンパスも順次統合されていったため校風は大きく変化した。
English: On the model of "liberal arts colleges" the curriculum at first put emphasis on liberal arts education with some universities providing a course to a medical school, however, following the upgrading of elementary/middle schools after World War II, most of the graduates chose a teaching job, and when the revised National School Establishment Law came into force in 1966, most of departments of arts and sciences sequentially abolished courses not related to school teaching and began to change their names to "Department of Education".
Japanese: カリキュラムは、当初「リベラルアーツカレッジ」にならって教養教育に重きが置かれ、大学によっては医学部への進学課程等も置かれていたが、戦後、小・中学校が整備されるとともに卒業生の進路も教員が主流となり、昭和41年に改正国立学校設置法が施行されると、ほとんどの学芸学部は教職以外の分野に進むコースを順次廃止し、その名称を「教育学部」へ変更するようになった。
English: The current system allows students in every department to get a teacher's license.
Japanese: 現在の制度では、あらゆる学部から教員免許を取得できるようになっている。
English: As a result, however, some people pointed out that this system produced incompetent teachers who had not majored in pedagogy, and some proposed that the normal school system be revived.
Japanese: しかしこれに伴い教育学を専門に学ばなかった学校教員の力量不足が指摘されるようになり、師範学校制度を復活させるべきであるという議論も一部にはあった。
English: However, professional education at graduate schools is a global trend and even in Japan with the introduction of a professional graduate school system for highly professional education including legal profession, it was decided that the acquisition of advanced skills needed by future teachers should be done at a graduate level.
Japanese: しかし、専門職養成は大学院レベルで行うことが世界的な潮流であり、日本においても法曹を含む高度専門職養成のために、専門職大学院制度が導入されたことともあいまって、これからの教員に必要とされる高度なスキルの習得は大学院レベルで行うこととなった。
English: Therefore, Teaching Profession Graduate School System as one of professional graduate schools was introduced and established on April 1, 2008.
Japanese: そこで専門職大学院のひとつとして教職大学院制度が導入され、2008年4月1日（平成20年度）から開設された。
English: Women's Higher Normal School (1900-), from 1908 Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School
Japanese: 女子高等師範学校（1900年-）1908年から東京女子高等師範学校。
English: Normal School Order in 1897 decided that higher normal schools train teachers for normal, ordinary middle and women's higher schools, and women's higher normal schools train teachers for women's/women's higher schools.
Japanese: 1897年（明治30年）の師範教育令により、高等師範学校は師範学校、尋常中学校、高等女学校の教員、女子高等師範学校は師範学校女子部、高等女学校の教員を養成することが定められた。
English: Higher normal schools accepted middle school graduates, and Women's higher normal schools accepted women's higher school graduates.
Japanese: 高等師範学校は中学校卒業、女子高等師範学校は高等女学校卒業を入学資格とした。
English: As a principle bachelor's titles were given only to university graduates, however graduates from Tokyo Higher Normal School Advanced Course and Hiroshima Higher Normal School Advanced Course of moral education were allowed to receive bachelor's titles as exceptional cases (Matters about Titles of Graduates from Higher Normal Schools [Imperial Decree No.36 in 1930]).
Japanese: 学士の称号を授与されるのは大学の卒業者のみが原則であるが、東京高等師範学校専攻科と広島高等師範学校徳育専攻科の卒業生についてのみ、特に文学士と称することが認められていた（高等師範学校専攻科卒業者の称号に関する件（昭和5年勅令第36号））。
English: In accordance with Normal School Order in 1897, ordinary normal schools were renamed normal schools, and one or more normal schools were established in each prefecture.
Japanese: 1897年（明治30年）の師範教育令により尋常師範学校は師範学校に改められ、各道府県に1校または数校設置されることになった。
English: The first regular course (a five-year system from 1925) which required graduation from an higher elementary school (elementary school higher course) for entrance, the second regular course which required graduation from a middle school or a women's higher school (institutionalized in 1907, a two-year system from 1931) were set up.
Japanese: 高等小学校（小学校高等科）卒業を入学資格とする本科第一部（1925年から5年制）と、中学校もしくは高等女学校卒業を入学資格とする本科第二部（1907年に制度化、1931年から2年制）が置かれた。
English: Normal School Order in 1943 decided that higher normal schools should train teachers for middle schools and girls' high school, while higher women's normal schools train teachers for girls' high school.
Japanese: 1943年（昭和18年）の師範教育令により、高等師範学校は中学校と高等女学校の教員、女子高等師範学校は高等女学校の教員を養成することが定められた。
English: By the Enactment of School Education Law in 1947 and National School Establishment Law in 1949, Tokyo Higher Normal School and University of Arts and Sciences amalgamated into Tokyo University of Education, Hiroshima Higher Normal School was amalgamated with various institutions including Hiroshima Women's Higher Normal School, Hiroshima University of Arts and Science (old-system), Hiroshima High School (old-system), Hiroshima Technical College (old-system) and promoted to Hiroshima University, further both Tokyo and Nara Women's Higher Normal Schools were promoted to universities, Ochanomizu University and Nara Women's University, respectively and Kanazawa Higher Normal School became Kanazawa University of Education.
Japanese: 1947年の学校教育法制定と1949年の国立学校設置法により、東京高師は文理大と合併し東京教育大学に、広島高等師範学校は広島女子高等師範学校とともに広島文理科大学(旧制)、広島高等学校(旧制)、広島工業専門学校(旧制)等と合併し広島大学に、東京・奈良両女高師は大学に昇格しそれぞれお茶の水女子大学と奈良女子大学に、金沢高等師範学校は金沢大学教育学部になった。
English: Moreover, because of war damage, Okazaki Higher Normal School moved from Okazaki City to Toyokawa City, however, without returning to Okazaki City, it became a Toyokawa branch of the Faculty of Liberal Arts (now the Faculty of Information and Culture) of Nagoya University.
Japanese: また、岡崎高師は、戦災で岡崎市から豊川市に疎開後、岡崎市に戻ることなく、名古屋大学教養部（現・情報文化学部）の豊川分校になった。
English: (The Department of Education of Nagoya University was newly established at the start of postwar new-system universities, not descended from any normal school).
Japanese: （名古屋大学教育学部は戦後の新制大学発足時に改めて学部として新設されたもので、高師の系統を汲んでいない）。
English: Tokyo Higher Normal School (1886-): After the promotion to Tokyo University of Arts and Sciences (1929), it was established as an annex to this university.
Japanese: 東京高等師範学校（1886年-）：東京文理科大学に昇格（1929年）以後、同大学に併設。
English: Hiroshima Higher Normal School (1902-): After the promotion to Hiroshima University of Arts and Sciences (old-system) (1929-), it was established as an annex to this university.
Japanese: 広島高等師範学校（1902年-）：広島文理科大学(旧制)に昇格（1929年）以後、同大学に併設。
English: From 1943 normal schools became government-established, educational institutions to train teachers for national elementary schools at about a level of vocational schools.
Japanese: 1943年から師範学校は国民学校教員を養成する、官立の、専門学校程度の教育機関となった。
English: Normal schools had a regular course and a preparatory course; the former accepted graduates from middle schools or women's higher school, and the latter accepted graduates from elementary school higher courses, middle schools or those who finished two years in women's higher schools.
Japanese: 師範学校には本科と予科が置かれ、本科は中学校もしくは高等女学校卒業生、予科は国民学校高等科の卒業生および中学校もしくは高等女学校2年修了者が入学できた。
English: Taipei Normal School (the regular course (old Taipei Second Normal School) => National Taipei University of Education, and the preparatory course, and the women's section (old Taipei First Normal School)=> Taipei Municipal University of Education)
Japanese: 台北師範学校（本科（旧・台北第二師範学校）→国立台北教育大学、予科と女子部（旧・台北第一師範学校）→台北市立教育大学）
English: Taichung Normal School (the regular course =>National Taichung University of Education, and the preparatory course (old Hsinchu Normal School) => National Hsinchu University of Education)
Japanese: 台中師範学校（本科→国立台中教育大学、予科（旧・新竹師範学校）→国立新竹教育大学）
English: Tainan Normal School (the regular course => National Tainan University, the preparatory course (old Heito (Pingtung) Normal School) => National Heito University of Education)
Japanese: 台南師範学校（本科→国立台南大学、予科（旧・屏東師範学校）→国立屏東教育大学）
English: Under the revised Normal School Order in 1944, prefectural youth teacher training schools that were training teachers for youth schools became youth normal schools, government-established educational institutions at the level of vocational schools.
Japanese: 1944年の師範教育令改正により、青年学校の教員養成をしていた都道（庁）府県立の青年学校教員養成所が、官立の、専門学校レベルの教育機関である青年師範学校になった。
English: These schools accepted those who finished the preparatory course and graduates from middle schools or women's higher schools and had the boys' section and girl's section.
Japanese: 予科を修了した者、中学校または高等女学校を卒業した者が入学でき、男子部と女子部がおかれていた。
English: Those who completed specified subjects about education in imperial universities, old national vocational school advanced courses and other schools, were given a teacher's license for old-system middle schools and women's higher schools.
Japanese: 帝国大学及び官立旧制専門学校専門学科の他教育に関する一定の科目を修了した者にも旧制中学校、高等女学校の免許状が授与された。
English: Teacher Training Institute of Industrial Vocational School in prefectures and cities
Japanese: 実業補習学校教員養成所道府県市において設置される実業補習学校の教員養成