nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It seems that the construction of the magnificent building also known as the castle tower of Imai at the present location in recognition of Imanishi's achievements marked the beginning of Imanishi-ke Jutaku.
Japanese: その功績が認められ、現位置に今井の天守閣ともいわれる豪壮な建築の行われたのが始まりのようである。
English: The general landform of Imai-cho in the early Edo period was by and large a rectangle in shape measuring 610 meters east to west and 310 meters north to south with a grid of straight streets running north-south and east-west.
Japanese: 江戸初期の今井の町勢の概略は、東西610m、南北310m、大体長方形の地形で東西南北方眼状に道路を配していた。
English: That landform and shape of the streets have generally remained unchanged from the days when the town began to be built.
Japanese: その地形や街路の形状は、町造りの始められた頃からの形状がほぼ残されている。
English: With the outline being completed as described above, the town was built with blocks divided by streets but, as mentioned earlier, those are not straight streets running across the town from one end to the other but, rather, they were laid out to obstruct views of the town with sharp turns at the town entrance and T-type intersections near the gate.
Japanese: 以上のようにして町の外郭が出来上がり、その中に街路を配し現在の町並みに近い区画が出来上がるわけであるが、街路は前述のように町の端から端まで通り抜けのものではなく、入口で屈曲、あるいは途中でＴ字型に組んで見通しのできないように配備されている。
English: Additionally, it seems that there were a total of nine gates at the north, south, east, and west ends of the streets and that only four gates were open as required at night to keep strangers from arbitrarily entering the town.
Japanese: その上、街路の端々の東西南北に９つの門があったようで、夜は４つの門のみを開け、外来者が町中にみだりに入ることを拒んでいたようである。
English: When outlanders needed to stay in Imai-cho overnight, they were required to notify machi-doshiyori accordingly each time.
Japanese: もし、外来者が今井町内で宿泊する必要のあるときは、その都度、町年寄へ届出を必要としていたようである。
English: The construction of Imai-cho thus began and the town run by the so-doshiyori system with an established autonomy came into existence.
Japanese: このような形態で今井の町造りが始まり、惣年寄制によって自治権を確立した町並みが出来上がった。
English: Private residences built between the beginning and the end of Edo period stood side by side and it seems that Imanishi-ke Jutaku, which was located at the present from the start, stood out in the townscape with its stately air.
Japanese: 江戸初期から末期にかけての民家が軒を連ね、そのうちでも今西家住宅は、当初から現位置にあって、ひときわその威容を示していたようである。
English: In terms of the characteristics of this house, there is an existing munafuda identifying the year in which that building was originally built and that it has a structural style which reminds someone of a castle rather than a private house.
Japanese: 本建物の特質としては、棟札があって創立年代がはっきりしていて、民家というよりは城郭を思わせる構造形式である。
English: The characteristics of the main floor plan are that the floor is divided in half between doma (dirt floor area) and zashiki (Japanese style tatami rooms) by ipponbiki-amado (wooden sliding storm doors mounted on one straight track) and, inside the zashiki area, there are chodaigamae (a built-in ornamental doorway found in the raised area of a formal style reception suite), shikii (threshold) and kamoi (door lintel) of each majikiri (partition) between zashiki are designed to stop the sliding door at the specific point.
Japanese: 平面形式は土間と座敷が折半、同境に一本引き雨戸があり、座敷内部では、帳台構え、各間仕切の敷居・鴨居が突き止めであることなどが一階平面の特質である。
English: In those days of class consciousness, it did not seem to be a practice among private citizens to build a zashiki with tokonoma on the second floor of their houses as it could be construed as looking down on the other people.
Japanese: 二階にこのような座敷を造ることは、階級意識が強かったこの頃では、上から人を見下げるということで、一般民家には用いられなかったようである。
English: The ancestor of the Imanishi family, however, was originally of the samurai class in addition to making a major contribution during the incidence of the Ikkoshu sect whereby it has been said that this house was built at the present location in recognition of his achievements.
Japanese: ところが今西家の先祖は武家出身であって、その上、一向宗の騒動には相当功績のあった人で、その功績が買われて現位置に建てられたことが伝えられている。
English: The present location where this building stands is the westernmost of the former village surrounded by a moat being, in a manner of speaking, the western key strategic point of that village and, hence, it is considered that the house was built in an architectural style which reminds one of a castle intended to intimidate enemies and to defend the community.
Japanese: 現在、本建物が建っている位置は、旧環濠集落の西端にあって、西の要といったことから外敵を威嚇、あるいは防禦する意味において、城郭を思わせる建築様式を備えさせたものと思われる。
English: It is, therefore, considered that this building was deliberately built to jut out in the street (Honmachi-suji) in the north with renjimado (window with vertical or horizontal wooden laths or bamboo) of nurigome (painting walls, etc. with thick plaster) style being installed on the northern and eastern sides of zashiki on the second floor making it an ideal place to look out for enemies and to watch movements in town.
Japanese: したがって、本建物は故意に北側の道路上（本町筋）に突出していて、二階座敷北と東の両面に塗籠（ぬりごめ）の連子窓を設け、外敵の見張りあるいは町内の動向をさぐるに格好の場所であったと思われる。
English: Additionally, there were rooms on the second floor that existed before the Genroku era proving that this was no ordinary house.
Japanese: なお元禄以前に二階部屋があったことから、この家の別格であることの証しとなっているのである。
English: The internal height of the house meets the current interior height requirements and the dimensions of the tatami mats measure, in the former shakkanho system (old Japanese measuring system), 6 shaku 3 sun (190.89 centimeters) long and 3 shaku 1 sun 5 bu (95.445 centimeters) wide being equivalent of that for Kyoma tatami used today.
Japanese: 内方高さが現行内方高さに合っており、畳寸法についても旧尺貫法で長さ6尺3寸、巾3尺1寸5分の現行京間の畳が使われている。
English: In terms of the above characteristics, except for the second floor zashiki, the structural style of Imanishi-ke Jutaku has a commonality with that for the other existing old private residences in Imai-cho but only the former has maintained its original shape while the other houses have been altered as needed.
Japanese: 以上の特質のうち二階座敷を除けば、今井町に現存する古い民家に共通した構造形式を用いているが、その中でも旧形をよく保存されてきたのは今西家住宅のみで、他の建物では随時改変されている。
English: A two story building (betsuma or another building) is attached to the south-east corner of this building which is the south of the butsuma (room for Buddha statue) but it has been found that the two story building was built in the same year as the main building and was not an addition.
Japanese: 本建物東南隅すなわち仏間南に二階屋（別間）が接続しているが、この二階屋も後補のものではなく、本建物と同期のものであることがわかった。
English: As this two story building has been drastically altered, during the investigation for cultural property designation in 1957, the judgment on that building was deferred.
Japanese: この二階屋は改変がはげしかったために、昭和32年本建物指定調査の際は、一応保留という形になっていた。
English: As a result of another investigation, the two story building was determined to have been built in the same year when the main building was constructed and was considered for additional designation but due to various factors such as drastic alterations of the interior of the house that had taken place and the wishes of the family head, it was decided that no designation was to be given.
Japanese: 再度の調査で本建物と同期のものであり、当然追加指定ということも考えられたが、内部改造のはげしかったことと、当主の希望などもあって指定しないことにした。
English: Although the structural style of betsuma is much the same as that of omoya (main building), because kiwari (a system for measuring out the wooden component to be used in architecture or statuary) which is in a direct proportional relationship with the size of each component is small, and because there are the shoin-like (reception room) marks in hashirama (bay, space or distance between two pillars) at the south end of the main floor, it is considered that the eight-tatami room in the south side of the betsuma was probably built in the shoin style.
Japanese: 別間の構造形式は、主屋と大差はないが、各部材の大きさの比例関係である木割りの小さいことと、一階南端柱間には書院のような痕跡のあることから、南八畳間の座敷はあるいは書院形式のものではなかったかと思われる。
English: The south side of the butsuma where oshiire (closet) is located now was originally a long four-tatami room stretching from east to west which seems to have been used as an access way to upstairs.
Japanese: 仏間南現在押し入れのある個所は、もと東西に長い四畳間であって、この四畳間から二階に上がっていたようである。
English: On the second floor, there are a hatch and closet above the four-tatami room mentioned earlier and on there is an eight-tatami room the south side but it is speculated the upstairs was originally a tsushiarea (storage).
Japanese: 二階は現在前記四畳間上部は現昇降口及び押入れ・南に八畳間の座敷を有しているが、もとは厨子形式のものでなかったかと思われる。
English: There was a three story kura (storehouse) facing the betsuma on the west side but it seems to have been destroyed by an earthquake in 1926.
Japanese: この別間と向い合って西に三階蔵があったが、昭和初年の地震で倒壊したようである。
English: It is possible to describe the history of this building from kawara-mei (inscriptions on tile) or the other inscriptions found when this building which were discovered when it was dismantled and repaired.
Japanese: 本建物の沿革については、解体修理の際発見された瓦銘や刻銘から述べることができる。
English: Some of hiragawara (broad, concave tiles) used for this building have the inscription indicating the year 1656 which was 7 years after its construction.
Japanese: 平瓦の中に明暦2年（1656年）の刻銘のあるものがあり、明暦2年は創立から7年後のことである。
English: If the roof had been put on around that time, quite a few tiles that are the same type as those with inscriptions had to be found but, in view of their absence, it is considered that some of the tiles may have been added to address an emergency situation due to some disaster or another.
Japanese: もし、この頃に屋根葺が行われたとすれば、銘のある瓦と同種の瓦が相当数出てこなくてはならないが、それらの資料の得られないところから考えると、何かの災害によって応急的に一部の瓦が補足されたのではなかろうかと思われる。
English: Next off, with respect to the kawara-mei of the year 1693 which was 43 years after the initial construction in 1650, it has been found that a fair number of hiragarawa were added that year and nearly half of all tiles are the same type as those with the kawara-mei of the year 1825 indicating that the building was reroofed in those years.
Japanese: 次に元禄6年（1693年）の瓦銘については、慶安3年に創立されてから43年後で相当数の平瓦が補足されており、また文政8年（1825年）の瓦銘のある瓦と同種類の瓦が半数近くあり、これらのときに屋根の葺き替えの行われていることがわかった。
English: During the renovations in 1693 and 1825, it seems that fairly extensive repairs were performed including repainting of exterior walls as well as soffits and modifications of interior partitions in addition to reroofing.
Japanese: 元禄と文政の修理は屋根だけでなく、外部大壁および軒裏の塗りかえ、内部間仕切の改変など相当大規模な修理が行われてきたようである。
English: No records were found as to the subsequent repairs until 1926 but, considering that the interior walls have been repainted approximately three times; it seems that additional repairs have been performed to address damages as required since 1825.
Japanese: その後、昭和初年までは記録的には何の資料も得られなかったが、内部の壁が3回くらい塗りかえられているところから、文政以降にも破損の都度修理が行われてきたようである。
English: During the Northern Tango Earthquake in 1927, the jailhouse connected to the west side of the main building and the three story storehouse located on the south side of that building were destroyed.
Japanese: 昭和2年（1927年）の北丹後地震により、本建物西に接続していた牢屋と、南の三階倉が倒壊した。
English: By this time, it seems that this building had fallen into disrepair to the considerable degree and that, specifically, due to land subsidence occurred at the southwest corner of the premise, the building was visibly tilting westward.
Japanese: この頃には本建物も相当破損していたようで、特に西南隅の地盤沈下に伴い、本建物が西に大きく傾いていたようである。
English: In the Edo period, the repair of this magnitude could have been paid for at the public expense but, with abolition of clans and establishment of prefectures coming to effect after the Meiji Restoration, the family no longer had a post of so-doshiyori which they had long served and it seems that, being just ordinary townspeople, they were in desperate straits whereby finding it difficult to afford to keep up with simple repairs.
Japanese: 江戸時代であれば、この程度の修理は官費で賄えたであっただろうが、明治維新後は廃藩置県によって、長年勤めてきた惣年寄の役職もなく、一市民としては簡単な修理も覚束ないといった窮状に達していたようである。
English: According to the head of the family, although he was nominated for a barony by the government after the Meiji Restoration, the family was so destitute that they could not afford the processing fee for the peerage and he also mentioned that he was proud of ancestors for not having been arrogant about their power.
Japanese: 当主によると明治維新後、男爵位を政府から薦められたものの手続き費も儘ならないほど窮迫していたようで、ご先祖が権力に驕ることの無かった事に誇りを持っているとおっしゃっていた。
English: As a result, no restoration work was performed on the jail or three story storehouse but the roof over the area where the jail and main building joined was repaired and, to stop its further tilting westward, the main building was reinforced by installing braces on a slant from the west side of doma.
Japanese: それで牢屋や三階蔵の復旧は行われなかったが、牢屋接続部の屋根の修理と、これ以上本建物が西に倒れないよう土間西側から斜めに支柱を入れて補強した。
English: Because the betsuma was also tilting in parallel with the main building, crossbeams and joists connecting the two buildings were severed to correct tilting of the betsuma by itself.
Japanese: 別間も本建物と平行して傾斜していたので、本建物と接続する桁・母屋などの横架材を切り離し、別間だけ独立して傾斜を復旧していた。
English: During this restoration, it seems that the second floor was modernized by various improvements including; a new bearing wall running in an east-west direction at the center of the former four-tatami room on the south side of the butsuma, a closet in the butsuma on the north side of that wall, a hatch for going up and down between the main floor and upstairs installed on the west side of the room on the south side and another closet in zashiki in the betsuma on the east side.
Japanese: このとき仏間南旧４畳間の中央東西に筋違い用の壁を新しく設け、同壁の北に仏間側からの押入れ・南間西に二階昇降口、東に別間座敷側の押入れを、それぞれ新設し、二階も現在風に改変されたようである。
English: The construction year of the betsuma thus became known and, in 1926, the building was straightened and re-nailed.
Japanese: このようにして別間の創立年代が明らかになり、昭和初年には立ちを直し、締め直しも行われている。
English: The frame, however, had become severely loosened and the condition of okabe on the east side was particularly was noticeable being in a desperate need for repairs in concurrence with the main building but, due to the budget constraint, only the walls were repaired as a temporary measure.
Japanese: しかし、軸部の弛緩激しく、東大壁の弛緩が特に目立ち、本建物に並行して修理の必要があったのであるが、予算の都合で壁の応急修理のみにとどめた。
English: The present residential site of the Imanishi-ke Jutaku faces streets on the north and east sides as it originally did and stretches to a prefectural highway to the south but it seems that the area around the grounds of Kasuga-jinja Shrine to the south of the Children's Park used to be a part of that property as well.
Japanese: 今西家現在の宅地は、北・東とも道路に面して旧状どおり、南面は、県道までになっているが、児童公園南春日神社境内一円も旧宅地であったようである。
English: Additionally, the prefectural road (Midosuji) running in an east-west direction to the south of this building was donated to the prefecture by the Imanishi family which was inaugurated to mark the occasion of the royal visit by Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: また南を東西に走る県道（御堂筋）は明治天皇ご行幸の際に県に寄贈して開通したものである。
English: Before the prefectural highway was constructed, the south-side rental houses stood north and south at the east end of that road and it seems that this area was originally the site of buildings owned by the Imanishi family.
Japanese: 県道が付設される以前は、現道路上東端に南側借家が南北に建っており、もとは今西家の附属建物の敷地であったようである。
English: It is also said that there was the former jinya (regional government office) of Nobunaga ODA at this site before the World War II which has subsequently been removed out of concern for fire danger.
Japanese: また第二次大戦以前までここに信長公陣屋跡が建っていたが火事を危惧し撤去したとのことである。
English: It is considered that there was a chashitsu (tea-ceremony house) of the Imanishi family in the present Children's Park on the west side which was donated to the city.
Japanese: 市に寄贈された西側の現児童公園には、今西家の茶室があったようである。
English: The history of the Imanishi family began when Jiro Dayu Tomasa TOCHI, born the second son of the lord of Tochi-jo Castle Minbu Dayu Totake, became the adoptive son of his father-in-law Dayu Masayuki HIGUCHI who was a shashi (chief Shinto priesthood) of Hirose-taisha Shrine whereby Jiro Dayu Tomasa became the owner of a territory over 8,000 koku where he built Kawai-jo Castle and began to refer himself as Minbu Shoyu Nakahara Tomasa KAWAI.
Japanese: 今西家の先祖は、十市城主民部太夫遠武の次男十市治良太夫遠正が廣瀬大社の社司樋口太夫正之の婿養子となり八千余石を領して川井城を築き川井民部少輔中原遠正と称したのが始まりである。
English: In 1566, following Tokatsu TOCHI who was aggrieved by the oppressive Junkei TSUTSUI and went into exile in Imai, Sukeemonnojo Masaharu KAWAI, the fourth head of the family who was an Imanishi clansman and his retainers moved to that location.
Japanese: 十市遠勝が筒井順慶に圧迫されて今井に亡命した後を追って、永禄九年（1566年）に一族である四代目の川井助衛門尉正治が家臣と共に当地に移住した。
English: During the time of the fifth head of the family Nagazaemon Masafuyu KAWAI, counting on the Tochi clan and Kawai clan, Shinzaemon Ujikane KAWASE moved to Imai-go where Kawase was subsequently made a disciple of the school of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Kennyo Shonin Kosa.
Japanese: 五代目の川井長左衞門正冬のとき十市氏と川井氏を恃んできた河瀬新左衛門氏兼を石山本願寺顕如上人光佐の門流に属させた。
English: Banding together with the Ikkoshu sect in the fight against the then powerful Nobunaga ODA, Imai-go was turned into a fortress whereby a moat as well as earthen walls were built around the town and, to guard the westernmost of that town, a castle-like structure (the present Imanishi-ke Jutaku site) equipped with various appropriate features such as turret was constructed.
Japanese: 一向宗と結んで、時の権力者織田信長と闘うために街の周囲に環濠土塁をうがち、西から今井を守るべく櫓などを備えた城構え（現今西家住宅地）を築き城塞都市化している。
English: In 1574, the people of Imai-go rose against Nobunaga with vassals of the Tochi clan and the Kawai clan playing a key role, but, in the winter of 1575, they made peace with Nobunaga.
Japanese: 信長に対して天正二年（1574年）十市氏および川井氏家臣が中心となって今井郷民が蹶起したが、天正三年（1575年）冬に信長と和した。
English: According to the head of the family, although he was nominated for a barony by the government after the Meiji Restoration, the family were so destitute that they could not afford the processing fee for the peerage and he also mentioned that he was proud of his ancestors for not having been arrogant about their power.
Japanese: 徳川時代になって、高度の自治を展開したので幕府は今井を町として認め、江戸、大阪、京都、奈良と同様に惣年寄、町年寄をおき町制にあたらせた。
English: It was around 1600 when the so-doshiyori system was implemented in Imai-cho with Nagazaemon Masafuyu KAWAI (later assumed the new family name of Imanishi), Nyudo Hyobubo KAWASE (later assumed the new family name of Imai) and Genbei OZAKI initially being appointed as so-doshiyori and Chuemon UEDA subsequently joined this team at a later date.
Japanese: 今井町に惣年寄制がしかれたのは慶長年間（1600年頃）で初めに川井長左衞門正冬（後改め今西氏）、河瀬入道兵部房（後改め今井氏）、尾崎源兵衛、あと上田忠右衛門、を加えた。
English: In late June or July 1621 during the time of the fifth family head Nagazaemon Masafuyu, in recognition of his achievement in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), Masafuyu was given recommendation by the lord of Koriyama-jo Castle Shimousanokami Tadaaki MATSUDAIRA (a grandson of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA) to assume the new surname of Imanishi deriving from his house being located at the west (nishi in Japanese) entrance of the town of Imai and, in addition, received a gift of naginata (Japanese halberd) made by the grand master swordsmith Kunitoshi on that occasion.
Japanese: 五代目川井長左衞門正冬のとき大坂夏の陣の功により元和七年（1621年）５月郡山城主松平下総守忠明（徳川家康の外孫）より今井の西口にあることから今西姓を名乗るようにすすめられ、その時に薙刀銘来国俊を拝領している。
English: On the front wall on the second floor, jomon (family crest) of the Kawai clan, consisting of three vertical lines to assimilate the Chinese character delineating river (kawa in Japanese) in the igetawaku (similar to the Oxford frame) and hatajirushi (war banners used on the medieval Japanese battlefield) of the family composed of three vertically stacked diamonds are painted in black on the right and left hand sides, respectively.
Japanese: 2階正面の壁には、向かって右方に川の字の井桁枠で囲み川井氏の定紋を入れ、左には菱形3段に重ねた当家の旗印を付けている。
English: Based on the inscription on munafuda-mei (Important Cultural Property) which reads "Framework was completed on April 23, 1650," it is understood that the building was erected in 1650.
Japanese: 『棟上げ慶安参年参月廿参日』の棟札銘（重要文化財）により、慶安3年（1650年）の建立であることが知られる。
English: It is the oldest private residence in Imai-cho and kado-zashiki (corner room) connected to the south corner of the main building as well as the rooms on the second floor were also constructed during the same period as that building.
Japanese: 今井町では最も古い民家で、また主屋南隅に接続する角座敷および二階部屋も同期のものである。
English: Niizawa Senzuka-kofun Tumulus Cluster is one of the famous large tumulus clusters consisting of over 600 burial mounds in total located Mt. Kaifuki in the southern part of Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 新沢千塚古墳群（にいざわせんづかこふんぐん）は、奈良県橿原市南部の貝吹山に位置する総数600以上の墳墓からなる日本有数の大古墳群である。
English: The burial mounds were constructed from the end of the fourth century through the seventh century, and especially active from the middle of the fifth century to the end of the sixth century.
Japanese: 4世紀末から7世紀にかけて造営され、特に5世紀半ばから6世紀末まで盛んに墳墓が作られた。
English: Niizawa Senzuka-kofun Tumulus Cluster was used to be called Kawanishi Senzuka or Toriya Senzuka.
Japanese: かつては川西（かわにし）千塚、または鳥屋（とりや）千塚と呼ばれていた。
English: The clans or buried persons of these tumuli have not been specified; there are several opinions such as the Otomo clan, the Aya clan, the Soga clan, and so on.
Japanese: この古墳群の氏族ないし埋葬者は特定されておらず、大伴氏、漢氏（あやし）、蘇我氏など諸説ある。
English: When the investigations by Doshisha University and others were carried out in 1960s, about 130 tumuli were investigated.
Japanese: 1960年代に同志社大学などにより調査が行われ、約130基が調査された。
English: In particular, from No. 126 Tumulus built in the latter half of the fifth century, not only a large quantity of accessories, but also the first hinoshi (metal artifact which had been used as an iron with lighted charcoal in it) in Japanese history, and rare Roman grass products which had been brought to Japan not through China but through Silla from Central and Western Asia were excavated.
Japanese: 特に、5世紀後半の126号墳からは、大量の装飾品とともに、日本史上初の火熨斗（ひのし、炭を入れてアイロンとして使用した金属器）の出土や、中国を経由せず西域から新羅経由でもたらされたと見られる希少なローマンガラス製品の出土があった。
English: For that reason, the tumulus was reported as the remains that proved how extremely wide ancient Japan had traded, and it became a great topic all over Japan those days.
Japanese: そのために、古代日本の交易範囲の広さを立証する遺跡として報道され、当時全国的に大きな話題となった。
English: Kyoto Shogi is a kind of board game that is played between two players.
Japanese: 京都将棋（きょうとしょうぎ）とは将棋の一種であり、二人で行なうボードゲーム（盤上遊戯）の一種である。
English: Gagaku is one of the traditional forms of music in Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam.
Japanese: 雅楽（ががく）は、日本、中国、朝鮮半島、ベトナムの伝統的な音楽の一つ。
English: The Japanese Gagaku (an important intangible cultural heritage) passed down in the Gakubu Section, Shikibu-shoku Department, of the Imperial Household Agency, is mainly described here as follows:
Japanese: 以下、宮内庁式部職楽部に伝わる日本の雅楽（重要無形文化財）を中心に述べる。
English: The Gakubu Section, Shikibu-shoku Department of the Imperial Household Agency, defines it as the numbers played by the Gakubu Section, Shikibu-shoku Department of the Imperial Household Agency (except for Western music).
Japanese: 国内の宮内庁式部職楽部による定義では、宮内庁式部職楽部が演奏する曲目の内、洋楽を除くもの、とされる。
English: It is the world's oldest extant style of traditional music played in a large-scale ensemble.
Japanese: 現在でも大規模な合奏形態で演奏される伝統音楽としては世界最古の様式である。
English: However, the original ensemble form of Gagaku was discontinued for more than 100 years until the Tokugawa shogunate gathered the descendants of the musicians (Raku families) and rebuilt it after the turmoil of the Onin War, and it is doubtful how faithfully the style from the Heian period has been inherited.
Japanese: ただし、雅楽本来の合奏形態としては、応仁の乱以降、徳川幕府が楽師の末裔（楽家）をあつめて再編するまでは、100年以上断絶していたので、平安時代の形態をどこまで継承しているかは疑問である。
English: The features of pronunciation of the Japanese language before the sixteenth century are passed on without change: the line of Ha is pronounced as fa, fi, fu, fe, fo, when singing the musical score of the Hichiriki instrument written in katakana as Shoga, for example by chanting the letters of the musical note to recite the melody, which implies that the whole style can be quite faithfully recreated.
Japanese: 篳篥のカタカナで記されている譜面を唱歌（しょうがメロディーを暗謡するために楽譜の文字に節をつけて歌う事）として歌うときにハ行の発音をファフィフフェフォと発音するなど16世紀以前の日本語の発音の特徴もそのまま伝えられており、全体的にもかなり忠実に再現されているのではないかということが推測される。
English: The musical score written in Chinese characters, such as that of the Gakubiwa instrument, has many similarities to a biwa musical score discovered in Dun Huang, China, and several older forms introduced from the Asian continent have been inherited.
Japanese: 楽琵琶の譜面のように漢字で記されるものは、中国の敦煌で発見された琵琶譜とも類似点が多く、さらに古い大陸から伝わった様式が多く継承されている。
English: As the most important historical data, "Taigen-sho," written by TOYOHARA no Muneaki (1450-1512), which expresses concern about the dissipation of the records of Gagaku and others due to the turmoil of the Onin War, can be cited.
Japanese: 最も重要な史料としては、豊原統秋(1450~1512)が応仁の乱により雅楽等の記録が散逸することを憂えて著した『體源抄』（たいげんしょう）があげられる。