nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The maximum speed of this train reached 120 km/h or more, far exceeding the trains of JGR whose maximum speed was 95 km/h.
Japanese: この列車は最高速度120km/h以上を誇り、最高95km/hに留まる鉄道省の列車を遙かに凌駕した。
English: For example, the steam locomotive-driven 'Flying Scotsman,' a limited-express between London and Edinburgh, was operated by London and North Eastern Railway of England at a maximum speed of more than 160 km/s on a business basis, and Deutsche Bahn AG operated 'Fliegender Hamburger,' a diesel train, at speeds more than 150 km/s on a business basis.
Japanese: 例えばイギリスのLondonandNorthEasternRailwayがロンドン-エディンバラ間に運転していた特急列車「フライング・スコッツマン」は、蒸気機関車牽引で最高速度160km/h以上での営業運転を行っており、ドイツ国鉄では気動車列車「フリーゲンダー・ハンブルガー」が150km/h以上の高速で営業運転していた。
English: Furthermore, railway companies in the United States owned steam locomotives that could drive regularly operated trains at speeds far exceeding 180 km/h.
Japanese: さらにアメリカ合衆国の私鉄各社には、定期運転列車を牽引して優に180km/hに達する蒸気機関車さえ存在していたのである。
English: The 120-km/h operation itself was typical of the level of major railways in Europe and the United States, and the 'Asia' train only reached this typical level (however, the complete provision of air-conditioning facilities, including air-cooling equipment alone was the most advanced in the world).
Japanese: 120km/h運転そのものは、当時の欧米の主要幹線では標準的な水準であり、「あじあ」号の水準はそれに達したものでしかなかった（冷房装置を含む空調設備の完備のみは、世界の最先端であった）。
English: However, Yasujiro SHIMA, who was Mantetsu personnel, was an engineer specialized in railway technology, came to promote the 'Bullet train plan,' to be described later, together with his oldest son, Hideo SHIMA.
Japanese: しかし満鉄関係者には鉄道技術者の島安次郎がおり、その長男の島秀雄と共に後述する「弾丸列車計画」を推し進める事になる。
English: As described above, no private large-scale inter-city railways were realized, as the Japan electric railway described above.
Japanese: なお前述した日本電気鉄道のように、民間による大規模な都市間電車は実現しなかった。
English: However, some mid-distance inter-city railways, such as Shinkeihan Railway, Hanshin Electric Express Railway, Osaka Electric Tramway, and Hanwa Electric Railway, were achieved by introducing inter-urban technologies in the United States.
Japanese: しかしながら、中近距離の都市間電車に関しては、新京阪鉄道や阪神急行電鉄、大阪電気軌道、阪和電気鉄道のように、アメリカのインターアーバンの技術を取り入れるなどして、実現させた所もあった。
English: Many of these routes were laid in places where they came to compete with existing railways, and one of their objectives of laying new railways was 'to introduce higher standard railways to offer higher speed operations' (compared to existing railways provided in parallel).
Japanese: これら路線の多くは、既存の鉄道線と競合する形で敷設されたものとなっており、「（既存の並行線よりも）高規格な路線において、高速運転を行うこと」がその建設目的となっていた。
English: In particular, Kansai Kyuko Railway Co., Ltd, the successor of Sangu Kyuko Electric Railway, successfully connected Osaka City and Nagoya City, two cities not too near nor too far apart (189.5 km in the railway length), through railways, although a train change was required at Ise-Nakagawa Station.
Japanese: その中でも、参宮急行電鉄が転じた関西急行鉄道は途中での乗り換え（伊勢中川駅）こそあるものの、大阪市と名古屋市という中距離の2大都市間（当時の営業キロで、189.5km）を電車で結ぶことに成功した。
English: On the other hand, Hanwa Electric Railway operated the 'Chotokkyu' train (super-limited-express) at an average speed (including stopping periods) of 81.6 km/h, comparable with the performance of the 'Asia' train.
Japanese: 一方、阪和電気鉄道は「あじあ」号の水準に匹敵する、表定速度81.6km/hの「超特急」を狭軌路線で運転していた。
English: Naturally, high-level specifications were applied to many of the train-cars of these private railway companies (for example, 100 series electric train-cars of Hankyu, 2200 series electric train-cars of Sangu Kyuko Electric Railway, and electric train-cars of Hanwa Electric Railway), slightly affecting the development of the distributed traction system in JNR to be described later.
Japanese: これらの私鉄で用いられた電車は、当然だがハイレベルな仕様の車両が多く（阪急100形電車、参宮急行電鉄2200系電車、阪和電気鉄道の車両など）、後述する国鉄における動力分散方式の開発にも、いくらか影響を与えている。
English: Entering the 1930s, demands for transportation from Japan to China increased rapidly due to the Manchurian Incident and Sino-Japanese war, increasing the amount of traffic on the Tokaido Main line and Sanyo Main line as well.
Japanese: 1930年代に入ると満州事変・日中戦争などによる日本から中国へ向かう輸送需要の激増で、東海道本線・山陽本線の輸送量も増大した。
English: Around this time, the 'Trunk railway investigation committee' was established by Japanese Government Railways (JGR), and how to increase transportation capacities of major trunk railways were investigated there.
Japanese: この頃鉄道省内部に「鉄道幹線調査会」が設立され、主要幹線の輸送力強化についての検討が行われた。
English: It was the 'Bullet train plan' that this committee proposed in 1939 as a drastic measure for increasing transportation capacity.
Japanese: ここから抜本的な輸送力増強手段として1939年に発案されたのが「弾丸列車」であった。
English: According to this plan, a new route, separate from the Tokaido main line and Sanyo main line, was to be constructed with broad gauge (of 1.435 mm or the standard gauge) from Tokyo to Shimonoseki, and trains were to be operated at a maximum speed of 200 km/h, exceeding that of the 'Asia' train by Mantetsu, connecting Tokyo to Osaka in four hours and to Shimonoseki in nine hours.
Japanese: これは、東京から下関まで在来の東海道・山陽本線とは別に広軌（1,435mm・標準軌）の新路線を建設し、最高速度200km/hと満鉄「あじあ」号を超える高速運転を行い、東京-大阪間を4時間、東京-下関間を9時間で結ぶ事を計画したものであった。
English: This plan was approved in September of 1940, and it was decided that the work to construct the line was to be started.
Japanese: この計画は翌1940年9月に承認され、建設工事が始められる事になった。
English: Already at this time, the persons concerned used the terms of 'Shinkansen' and 'Koki Shinsen' (new broad gauge railway line), because new trunk railways were to be laid.
Japanese: 既にこの時点で、新しい幹線を敷設するという事から「新幹線」や「広軌新線」という呼称を内部関係者は用いていた。
English: Some persons had the following image of the future, assuming that a Japan-Korea tunnel would be constructed under the Tsushima Straits: Trains would be operated through the tunnel to the Korean peninsula, from Busan Metropolitan City to Hoten (Fengtian) (present Shenyang City), to Shinkyo (Xingjing), the capital of Manchukuo (present Changchun), onward to Beijing City and to Shonan (present Singapore).
Japanese: また将来的には対馬海峡に日韓トンネルを建設して朝鮮半島へ直通、釜山広域市から奉天（現：瀋陽市）を通り満州国の首都新京（現：長春）、さらには北京市・昭南（現：シンガポール）に至る、という構想も一部では描かれていた。
English: On the railways at that time, a locomotive pulled passenger train-cars typically, and it was planned for the 'Bullet trains' as well that a method of combining an electric locomotive and a steam locomotive should be used.
Japanese: 当時の鉄道はまだ機関車が客車を牽く方式が一般的で、「弾丸列車」も電気機関車と蒸気機関車を併用する方式で計画された。
English: The construction work was continued even after the Pacific War broke out, and the work of constructing the Nihonzaka tunnel (later used for Shinkansen) progressed.
Japanese: 1941年の太平洋戦争勃発後も工事は続けられ、日本坂トンネル（後に新幹線に利用）などの工事が進展した。
English: In particular, during the war, a considerable portion of the necessary land space was procured almost forcibly, making the construction of the Shinkansen line smoother.
Japanese: 特に、土地買収が戦時中の時点で半ば強制的な形で相当な区間において終わっていた事は、新幹線建設をスムーズにした。
English: The engineers who were concerned with this bullet train plan lived in Kannami Town, Takada County, Shizuoka Prefecture, and 'Shinkansen' existed as a geographical name there before the Shinkansen operation started.
Japanese: この弾丸列車計画の技師たちが居住した地として、静岡県田方郡函南町には「「新幹線」という地名が、東海道新幹線の開業前から存在した。
English: For several years after the end of the Pacific War, the state of Japan, including that of the railways, was in utter turmoil, but after the start of the Korean War in 1950, the state recovery was in full scale, increasing demands for inter-city transportation rapidly.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争終結後数年間、鉄道をも含めて混乱の極みにあった日本も、1950年の朝鮮戦争以降本格的に復興し、鉄道の都市間輸送需要も急激に伸張していった。
English: We cannot miss the fact that JNR in the era of 1945 - 1954 employed many talented engineers, who had belonged to the research sector of the Japanese forces or to munitions companies but lost their jobs or could not find jobs using their skills after the war.
Japanese: 日本軍の研究部門や軍需企業に所属し、戦後その職を失ったり技術を持て余していた優秀な人材を、昭和20年代の国鉄が多数獲得した事は見逃せない事実である。
English: Researches about the vibration of train-cars in high-speed running conditions and about air force characteristics were advanced significantly by the existence of engineers who had belonged to the former Japanese forces.
Japanese: 高速走行中の車両の振動や、空力特性の研究は、旧軍出身技術者の存在によって大きく進展した。
English: Shinji SOGO, who became president of JNR in 1955, called back Hideo SHIMA, who had once been a talented engineer in GNR, but had been in the private sector at the time, to JNR, appointing him to chief engineer.
Japanese: 1955年に日本国有鉄道歴代の国鉄総裁に就任した十河信二は、国鉄出身の卓越した技術者であるが一時民間に在った島秀雄を再度招聘し、国鉄技師長に就任させた。
English: In mountainous Japan, whose ground is not solid enough, use of the 'distributed traction system,' in which motive power is distributed to each of the train-cars, as in electric train-cars and diesel train-cars, rather than the 'concentrated traction system,' in which a locomotive pulls passenger train-cars, is more suited.
Japanese: 地盤が悪く山がちな日本において列車を高速運転するには、機関車が客車を牽く「動力集中方式」よりも、電車・気動車のように編成の各車両に動力を持たせる「動力分散方式」の方が適している。
English: The reasons are that the trains based on this system are provided with superior acceleration/deceleration abilities even in the railway conditions of many curves and slopes, and that the trains can run at high speeds even on the railways laid on less-solid ground, because they exert a smaller load on the railways.
Japanese: カーブや勾配の多い条件でも加減速能力に優れ、また線路への負担が小さいため、脆弱な地盤に敷かれた線路でも高速を出せるからである。
English: Therefore, there were also many in JNR who stuck to the concentrated traction system, but Hideo SHIMA was an exception who understood and contributed to investigating the characteristics of the distributed traction system from the pre-war era.
Japanese: そのため、国鉄部内でも動力集中式に固執する者が多かったが、島秀雄は例外的に戦前から動力分散方式の特性を理解し、研究していた。
English: However, 80 series JNR train-cars, which were developed in 1950 under Shima's leadership for local trains on the Tokaido railway line, were initially considered being suited for short-distance use, but it was verified that they also exhibited superior performances in long-distance operations as well, providing, after that, the motive force to promote use of electric train-cars and diesel train-cars in the regular railway lines of JNR.
Japanese: しかしながら、彼の指揮の下で1950年に開発された東海道線普通列車用の国鉄80系電車は、短距離向けと見られていた電車が、長距離運転にも優れた特性を発揮するという事実を実証し、その後国鉄の在来線に電車・気動車の普及を進める原動力となった。
English: In Japan in 1953 and later, the activities to advance the performance of electric train-cars started corresponding to the introduction of new technologies from Europe and the United States and also corresponding to technology development by domestic manufacturers concerned.
Japanese: 日本では1953年以降、欧米からの新技術移入や国内メーカーの技術開発に伴い、電車の高性能化の動きが始まった。
English: As a result, 'high-performance electric train-cars' that were superior in high-speed performance as well as in acceleration/deceleration performance were introduced one after another centered on major private railway companies in 1954 and later, accomplishing a big technical achievement.
Japanese: この結果、高速性能・加減速性能に優れ、しかも居住性の良い「新性能電車」が、1954年以降大手私鉄を中心に続々と出現して、大きな技術的成功を収めた。
English: Following this trend, JNR also made efforts to develop high-performance electric train-cars, and in 1957, developed the 101 series JNR electric train-cars, new type electric train-cars for commuters (later 101 series train-cars).
Japanese: 国鉄もこの潮流に乗って高性能電車の開発に取り組み、1957年に新型通勤電車国鉄101系電車（後の101系）を完成させる。
English: In the same year, Odakyu Electric Railway Co., Ltd. developed the 3000 type Odakyu electric train-cars (first generation), streamline-shaped limited express featuring a low center of gravity and articulated structure, with a designed affected by 'Electroliners,' a high-performance electric train-car developed in the United States in 1941, were ambitious ones aiming at a maximum speed of 145 km/h.
Japanese: 同年に小田急電鉄が完成させた低重心・連接構造の流線型特急電車小田急3000形電車(初代)は、アメリカで1941年に開発された高性能連接電車「エレクトロライナー」に影響を受けた設計で、最高速度145km/hを目指した野心作であった。
English: Noticing this, JNR borrowed the SE cars from Odakyu to do research about performance in high-speed operations, and tested them on the Tokaido main line in September of 1957.
Japanese: これに着目した国鉄は、高速走行時の特性に関する研究を目的に、小田急からSE車を借り入れ、1957年9月に東海道本線で速度試験を行った。
English: As a result, the speeds of the SE cars reached 145 km/h as planned, achieving the fastest speed in the world for short gauge railways at the time.
Japanese: 結果SE車は計画通りの145km/hに到達し、当時の狭軌鉄道における世界速度記録を達成した。
English: Next, JNR modified MoHa-90 series electric train-cars for commuters to increase their speeds, for example, by changing the gear ratio, and the modified cars achieved a good record of 135 km/h, although the body shape was disadvantageous in the aspect of air resistance.
Japanese: 続いて国鉄はモハ90系通勤電車をギア比変更などで高速化改造、空気抵抗の面で不利な形態ながら135km/hの好記録を達成した。
English: Based on these results obtained and applying the technologies for Moha-90 series electric train-cars, JNR developed in 1958, the limited-express type 181 series JNR electric train-cars (later 151 series) for the 'Kodama' trains, a limited-express on the Tokaido main line.
Japanese: これらの実績を踏まえて、1958年にはモハ90系の技術を応用し、東海道本線特急「こだま号」用に国鉄初の特急形電車国鉄181系電車（後の151系）が開発された。
English: This streamline-shaped light and low-center-of-gravity train-cars were fully air-conditioned, equipped with air spring bases, and enabled both speed and passengers' comfort to be met at the same time, completely surpassing passenger trains in the concentrated traction system.
Japanese: 流線型の軽量・低重心な車体は冷暖房完備で、空気バネ台車も装備し、スピードと快適な乗り心地を両立させて、動力集中方式の客車列車を完全に凌駕した。
English: In July of 1959, the next year, the speed of the car reached 163 km/s in speed tests on the Tokaido main line, surpassing the speed record of Odakyu's SE cars.
Japanese: 翌1959年7月には、東海道本線での速度試験で最高速度163km/hに達し、小田急SE車の速度記録を更新した。
English: The outstanding achievements attained by these train-cars verified the abilities of the distributed traction system, offering strong evidence for introducing electric train-cars in Shinkansen train-cars.
Japanese: これらの電車における顕著な成績は、動力分散方式の資質を実証し、ひいては新幹線車両に電車を用いる事への強力な裏付けとなった。
English: Furthermore, JNR also made efforts by itself for introducing AC electric power from 1955, and began using AC electric power in local sections, starting with the Hokuriku main line in 1957.
Japanese: また1955年から国鉄は交流電化方式の実用化に独自に取り組み、1957年の北陸本線を皮切りに、地方線区での交流電化を開始していた。
English: Use of AC power itself originated in the idea that use of AC power would enable the cost of ground facilities to be reduced, compared with use of DC power.
Japanese: これ自体は従来の直流電化に比べ、地上設備コストが低いと考えられたことによるものであった。
English: For this, to collect electric power from aerial power supply line efficiently, high-voltage AC electric power supplies, which enable lots of power to be conveyed for a long distance, were more suited than 1,500-V DC power supplies that had been used (of the railway lines using AC electronic power in Japan, the regular railway lines use 20 kV and the Shinkansen line used 25 kV, voltages more that ten times larger than that of the DC electric power-using lines).
Japanese: これに伴って架線から効率よく集電するには、従来から用いられて来た1,500ボルト(単位)の直流電源より、大電力を長距離送電できる高圧交流電源を用いる方が適していたのである（日本の鉄道の交流電化方式は在来線20kV、新幹線25kVで、電圧だけでも直流電化路線の10倍以上のレベルである）。
English: Before Shinkansen was constructed, when demands for transportation through railway lines and roads increased corresponding to domestic restoration in the post-war era, both capacities of transporting passengers and of transporting cargo on the Tokaido main line, the most important trunk line in Japan at that time, almost reached their limits.
Japanese: これに先立ち、戦後の復興と共に鉄道及び道路輸送の需要が増大すると、当時の日本における最重要幹線であった東海道本線の貨客輸送能力は、ほぼ限界に達していた。
English: All sections of the Tokaido main line were electrified in 1956, but such a measure alone was acutely insufficient for increases in demands.
Japanese: 1956年に東海道本線の全線電化が完成するが、需要の増加には焼け石に水であった。
English: In 1957, 'the trunk railway investigation committee' within JNR submitted a report insisting that the transportation power of the Tokaido main line would be saturated sooner or later and laying railways other than the existing ones would be required.
Japanese: 1957年、国鉄内部の「幹線調査会」は、東海道本線の輸送力飽和は早晩必至とし、現在線以外の線路増設が必要であると答申した。
English: Various implementation methods were proposed, but it was basically decided to select one from among the following three methods:
Japanese: 実際の手法として様々の案が出されたが、基本的に以下の3案のいずれかが選択されることになった。
English: For increasing the number of tracks of the Tokaido line, it would be traditional common sense to adopt the four-track line.
Japanese: 東海道の線増計画は、従来の常道であれば複々線案が採られたところであった。
English: However, with future expandability in sight, the executives of JNR, including Sogo, decided to lay new broad gauge railways that were supposed to include many difficult problems.
Japanese: しかし、十河ら国鉄幹部は将来の発展性を視野に入れ、あえて困難の多い広軌新線建設を決定したのである。
English: It was a super-high speed train plan with innovative technologies in the post-war era, to realize the bullet train plan in the pre-war era.
Japanese: それは戦前の弾丸列車計画を、戦後の技術革新の下で、改めて実現しようとする超高速列車計画であった。
English: On May 25, the same year, the railway technology research laboratory (present Railway Technical Research Institute) reported in the lecture meeting commemorating the 50th anniversary of the laboratory that, when new broad gauge railways were laid, it would be possible to operate trains on them in three hours between Tokyo and Osaka.
Japanese: 同年5月25日には鉄道技術研究所（現：鉄道総合技術研究所）が、広軌新線ならば東京-大阪間の3時間運転は技術的に可能であるという報告を創立50周年記念講演会で述べた。
English: As soon as hearing the report, Sogo showed a keen interest in it, gathered the executives of JNR and had the research officer concerned at the laboratory talk about its details.
Japanese: 十河はその話を聞くや強い関心を示し、国鉄幹部を集めて技術研究所員に詳細を話させたという。
English: In Europe and the United States, for volume transportation measures, high-speed transportation using airplanes and road networks was considered promising, and the opinion was gaining support that railways would be replaced with such new networks and would be old-fashioned.
Japanese: 当時欧米では、将来の大量輸送手段として航空機と高速道路網による高速輸送が有望視され、鉄道はそれらに取って代わられる時代遅れのものだという見解が広まっていた。
English: Even in Japan, the general trend was to follow this opinion, and even many persons within JNR questioned the plan to lay a high-speed railway line in specifications different from those of existing regular lines.
Japanese: 日本でもこれを範としようとする向きが一般的であり、在来線とは別規格の高速新線を建設するという計画は、国鉄内部でさえも疑問視する者が多かった。
English: Even Hiroyuki AGAWA, a railway fan, criticized the plan saying that the battleship Yamato, the Great Wall of China and pyramids constituted 'the three big structures of the world,' and if Shinkansen were built investing a vast amount of money in this era, it would become the second battleship Yamato and would be laughed at by the world (later, seeing that Shinkansen became so successful as to overturn the railway-declining opinion of the world, AGAWA expressed his regret in a talk with Reisuke ISHIDA who succeeded the post of president of JNR from Sogo).
Japanese: 鉄道ファンでもある作家の阿川弘之ですら、大和(戦艦)（大和型戦艦）・万里の長城・ピラミッドが「世界三大一覧構造物・建設物」であり、この時期に莫大な投資をして新幹線を造れば「第2の戦艦大和」となって世界の物笑いの種になると批判した（後に阿川は新幹線が世界の鉄道斜陽論を覆すに至るまでの成功を収めたのを見て、十河の後を継いで国鉄総裁を務めた石田礼助との対談において、自らの不明を悔やむ発言をしている）。
English: Under such a serious situation, Sogo and Shima continued carrying out political activities (by Sogo) and technical projects (by Shima) to lay railways (Shinkansen) for new high-speed transportation along the Tokaido.
Japanese: そのような厳しい状況下で、十河と島は東海道に新たな大規模高速輸送用の鉄道路線（新幹線）を実現すべく政治的活動（十河が担当）と、技術的プロジェクト（島らが担当）を続けた。
English: Backed up technically, the construction plan was approved in 1958 and the ground-breaking ceremony was held on April 20, 1959.
Japanese: 技術的裏付けの下、1958年に建設計画が承認され、翌1959年4月20日に起工式が行われた。
English: Originally, Sogo and persons concerned low-balled the estimated cost needed to get approval of the Diet (of Japan), and in addition, rejected requests for constructing local railway lines to concentrate their efforts on the construction of Shinkansen, incurring displeasure of members of the Diet.
Japanese: 元々十河などが国会(日本)内での承認を得るために安く見積もっていたこと、さらには新幹線建設に集中するために地方路線建設の請願を蹴っていた事で国会議員の不興を買っていた事もあっった。
English: So as to take responsibility, Sogo resigned as president of JNR and Shima retired from JNR as well.
Japanese: 新幹線開業前に責任を取る形で十河は国鉄総裁を退任し、島も国鉄を退職する事になる。
English: On May 1, 1961, JNR obtained a loan of US$80 million (at a fixed rate of US$1 = \360 at the time) for this project from the World Bank, with the severe condition that the project should be completed by 1964 (this loan was completely paid back in 1981).
Japanese: 1961年5月1日に国鉄はこのプロジェクトに対し、世界銀行から8,000万アメリカ合衆国ドル（当時は1ドル360円の固定相場制）の融資を受けたが、1964年までに完成させるという厳しい条件が付けられた（この融資は1981年に返済が完了した）。
English: With this loan, it became impossible to stop the Shinkansen project due to domestic reasons.
Japanese: この融資を受けたことで、新幹線プロジェクトは国内事情によって中断することは許されなくなった。
English: Concerning the construction of the railways, many of the tunnels having been excavated for the 'Bullet train plan' and much of the land having been purchased at the time were used effectively, as described above.
Japanese: その建設に関しては前述の通り、戦前の「弾丸列車計画」の際に開削されたトンネルや、買収された用地の多くが活用された。
English: It is also said that the project was able to be completed in a short period of five years, due to the existence of the land having been procured at that time and works having been already done also at that time.
Japanese: 5年という短期間で完成したのは、この時の用地買収及び工事があったからだともいわれている。
English: In Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture, completed Shinkansen railways were used temporarily for operating trains on the Hankyu Kyoto main line for which the work to construct elevated railways was under way (-> Hankyu Railways whose trains ran on the Tokaido Shinkansen line).
Japanese: また大阪府・京都府内では、完成した新幹線の線路を高架工事中の仮線として用いて、暫定的に阪急京都本線の電車を走らせていたこともあった（→東海道新幹線新幹線の線路を先に走った阪急電車）。
English: In 1962, the Kamonomiya model section was completed in the suburbs of Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture (between around Koza-Shibuya Station on the Odakyu line and around Kamonomiya on the Tokaido line).
Japanese: 1962年には神奈川県小田原市近郊に鴨宮モデル線区（小田急線高座渋谷駅付近-東海道線鴨宮付近）が完成した。
English: The necessary land had already been procured in the pre-war era for the bullet train plan, enabling the work to be started early on the project.
Japanese: 戦前の弾丸列車構想に際してすでに用地を取得しており、早い時期に着工する事が可能である。
English: A variety of railway shape conditions and ground facilities, such as straight sections, curve sections, tunnels, and railway bridges, were available, making it easier to collect necessary data.
Japanese: 直線・カーブ・トンネル・鉄橋と、線形や地上設備のシチュエーションが一通り揃っており、データ収集が容易である。
English: Around Kamonomiya, the section was placed adjacent to the Tokaido main line, making it convenient to bring in necessary train-cars and materials.
Japanese: 鴨宮付近では東海道本線と隣接しており、車両・資材などの搬入に便利である。
English: Here, running tests of an experimental '1000-type Shinkansen train,' a two-car train, were conducted repeatedly.
Japanese: ここで2編成の試作電車「新幹線1000形電車」が走行テストを繰り返した。
English: Trains of A-organization (1001 and 1002), two-car trains, and Trains of B-organization (1003 - 1006), four-car trains, were manufactured each with different base carriages, in-vehicle facilities or window shapes to obtain comparative data.
Japanese: 2両編成の「A編成」（1001・1002）と、4両編成の「B編成」（1003-1006）が製造され、台車や車内設備、窓形状などに差異を付けて比較材料としている。
English: In a test on March 20, 1963, a train of 1000-type B-organization achieved the fastest speed in Japan of 256 km/h.
Japanese: 試験中の1963年3月20日、1000形B編成は256km/hの国内速度記録を達成している。
English: Research results in the Kamonomiya section were used effectively for the development of 0 series Shinkansen electric train-cars, the first generation Shinkansen electric train-cars, and for that of railway facilities.
Japanese: 鴨宮モデル線区での研究は、初代新幹線電車となる新幹線0系電車や、線路設備の開発に活かされる事になった。
English: At Kamonomiya, located near Sagami bay and being relatively warm even in winter, adequate test data assuming high-speed operations in snow fall conditions could not be obtained.
Japanese: 相模湾に近く、冬でも比較的温暖な鴨宮では、降雪時の高速運転を想定した試験データは十分に得られなかったのである。
English: Even when snow happened to fall and a small amount of snow accumulation was observed, the snow melted before starting test runs, not constituting a test.
Japanese: まれに降雪があり、若干の積雪が観測された際も、試運転の開始時には雪が溶けてしまい、テストにならなかった。
English: Therefore, a record remains that potatoes were placed on the rails to simulate snow fall conditions to test snow-resistant characteristics of the skirt part of the train-cars.
Japanese: そのため、ジャガイモを線路の上に置いて、車体側のスカートの降雪時の耐雪シミュレーションのテストを行ったという記録が残っている。