nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: While Chinese history books say that envoys were sent by San in 421, Chin in 436 and Sai in 443, we can find, in "Nihonshoki", only one Emperor whose reign falls into this period which is Ingyo who was in power from 411 to 453.
Japanese: また、421年の讃、436年の珍、443年の済という三人の遣使に対し、『日本書紀』のこの期間に該当する天皇は、411年から453年まで在位したとする允恭1人である。
English: There is no clear mention about the envoys of the five kings of Wa in "Kojiki"and "Nihonshoki" in the first place.
Japanese: しかし、そもそも『古事記』、『日本書紀』とも倭の五王の遣使に明確に対応する記事はない。
English: In agreement with the criticism on "Kiki"'s credibility as historical material and from the fact that the chronology before Emperor Keitai is far from truth, and that it is hard to believe that the Imperial family kept written records on a steady basis, some people strongly deny the meaning of the attempt to presume the five kings of Wa from the Oriental zodiac and the genealogy in "Kiki".
Japanese: また、記紀の史料批判により、継体天皇以前の編年は到底正しいとは言えず、このころの王家内部では文字による記録が常時取られていたとは考えがたいことから、記紀に伝えられた干支や系譜を元に倭の五王を推定するという試み自体をあまり意味がないとする意見も根強い。
English: Hogyo refers to the death of emperors, czar, kings, grand empress dowagers, empress dowagers, empresses, and other monarchs euphemistically and respectfully.
Japanese: 崩御（ほうぎょ）は、天皇、皇帝、国王、太皇太后、皇太后、皇后、その他君主等の死を婉曲的に、かつ敬意を込めて指す語。
English: It is derived from a Chinese word and there is a sentence, 'The death of emperors is called 崩 (ho), the death of lords is called 薨 (ko), the death of daibu (master) is called 卒 (sotsu), the death of warrior is called 不禄 (furoku), and the death of ordinary people is called 死 (shi)' in the Kyokurei volume of "Book of Rites".
Japanese: 元々は中国起源の語であり、『礼記』曲礼篇に「天子の死は崩と曰ひ、諸侯は薨と曰ひ、大夫は卒と曰ひ、士は不禄と曰ひ、庶人は死と曰ふ」とある。
English: This expression is used for the Japanese Imperial family because there is an idea that the emperors are descendents of gods in the Japanese mythology and are different from ordinary people.
Japanese: この表現が日本の皇室について用いられる理由としては、日本神話において天皇は神の末裔であり、一般の人間とはかけ離れた存在という思想背景があったためと解釈する説がある。
English: Another theory says that it is derived from an idea that the emperor is a descendent of Taiyoshin (the sun god), i.e., 'demise of the emperor means that the sun hides behind a cloud'.
Japanese: 天皇が太陽神の子孫であるという思想、すなわち「天皇の死去＝太陽が雲に隠れる」から来ているともされる。
English: The word 'Kumogakure' (hide behind the clouds) is now used to mean disappearance, but it is originally derived from this idea.
Japanese: 「雲隠れ」についても、現在では単に姿をくらますという意味合いで用いられるが、もともとはこれに由来する語である。
English: 薨去 (Kokyo) is used to express the death of people next to the emperor in rank, for example, imperial family members, such as crown prince, crown princess, imperial prince, and imperial princess and people higher than Sanmi (Third Rank) in the rank.
Japanese: 天皇に次ぐ者、例えば皇太子、皇太子妃、親王、内親王などの皇族や、位階が三位以上の者の死は、死死の表現（こうきょ）の語を用いる。
English: In addition to 崩御, honorific languages, such as 薨御 that means the death of crown princes and ministers, 薨去 that means the death of imperial princes and persons with Sanmi or higher, and 卒去 that means the death of kings and princesses, and people higher than shii (Forth Rank) or goi (Fifth Rank) in the rank were used to express the death of nobles under the ritsuryo system.
Japanese: 律令制下においては貴人の死を指して崩御の他、皇太子や大臣などの死を意味する薨御、親王や三位以上の死を意味する薨去、王や女王、四位・五位以上の死を意味する卒去などの尊敬語が用いられた。
English: The demised emperor is called Taiko-Tenno during the period from his death to the determination of his posthumous title.
Japanese: 天皇の崩御から追号が決められるまでの期間、崩御した天皇については大行天皇と呼ばれる。
English: Emperor Kobun (648 - August 24, 672) was the 39th emperor (the period of reign: January 12, 672 -August 24, 672).
Japanese: 弘文天皇（こうぶんてんのう、大化4年（648年）-天武天皇元年7月23日(旧暦)（672年8月21日））は、第39代天皇（在位：天智天皇10年12月5日(旧暦)（672年1月9日）-天武天皇元年7月23日（672年8月21日））。
English: His sisters: Princess Ota, Princess UNO no Sarara (Later known as Empress Jito), Princess Nitabe, and Princess Oe (Their husband: Emperor Tenmu); Princess Asuka (her husband: Prince Osakabe); Princess Minabe (her husband: Prince Takechi); Princess Ahe (Later known as Empress Genmei, her husband: Prince Kusakabe); Princess Yamanobe (her husband: Prince Otsu); Princess Izumi; and Princess Minushi.
Japanese: 姉妹：大田皇女・鸕野讃良皇女（持統天皇）・新田部皇女・大江皇女（以上：夫天武天皇）・明日香皇女（夫：忍壁皇子）・御名部皇女（夫：高市皇子）・阿陪皇女（元明天皇、夫：草壁皇子）・山辺皇女（夫：大津皇子）・泉皇女・水主皇女
English: According to "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), Emperor Tenchi nominated his own younger brother, Prince Oama, to Togu (the Crown Prince); however, having doted so much on his own son, Emperor Tenchi broke the promise with his brother and appointed his son, Prince Otomo, to the Crown Prince.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には、天智天皇は実弟・大海人皇子を東宮（皇太子）に任じていたが、天智天皇は我が子可愛さの余り、弟との約束を破って大友皇子を皇太子と定めたと記されている。
English: However, according to a collection of Chinese poetry "Kaifuso" (Fond Recollections of Poetry), and "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), 'his father, Emperor Tenchi, decided that Prince Otomo ought to be the formal Crown Prince.'
Japanese: しかし漢詩集『懐風藻』や『万葉集』には「父・天智が大友皇子を立太子（正式な皇太子と定めること）していた」とある。
English: In 671, four years after his father, Emperor Tenchi, was enthroned in 668, Prince Otomo became the Grand Minister and supported the government affairs.
Japanese: 父・天智が668年（天智7年）に即位してから4年目の671年（天智10年）に太政大臣となり、その政務を補佐した。
English: According to the entry in the "Nihonshoki" in the Eleventh Month of the Tenth Year of Emperor Tenchi, "Prince Otomo promised to obey the 'Imperial Edict' in front of '織物仏' placed in the west edifice in the palace with five other high officials: SOGA no Akaeomi who was the Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), NAKATOMI no Kanenomuraji who was the Udaijin (the Minister of Right), SOGA no Hatayasu, KOSE no Hitoomi, and KI no Ushinoomi."
Japanese: 『日本書紀』天智10年（671年）11月の条に、「大友皇子は左大臣蘇我赤兄臣・右大臣中臣金連・蘇我果安臣・巨勢人臣・紀大人臣ら五人の高官と共に宮殿の西殿の織物仏の前で「天皇の詔」を守ることを誓った。
English: Prince Otomo stood with an incense burner in his hand and vowed, saying 'Having the same spirit of faith, these six members promise to obey the imperial edict. If we break the promise, we'll be sure to be punished by heaven.'
Japanese: 大友皇子が香炉を手にして立ち、「六人心を同じくして、天皇の詔を奉じる。もし違うことがあれば必ず天罰を被る」と誓った。
English: After that, the five other members stood one by one with koro in their hands and promised to obey the imperial edict, following the prince.
Japanese: 続いて5人が順に香炉を取って立ち、臣ら五人、殿下に従って天皇の詔を奉じる。
English: According to the entry in the "Nihonshoki" in the Eleventh Month of the Tenth Year of Emperor Tenchi, "Prince Otomo promised to obey the 'Imperial Edict' in front of '織物仏' placed in the west edifice in the palace with five other high officials: SOGA no Akaeomi who was the Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), NAKATOMI no Kanenomuraji who was the Udaijin (the Minister of Right), SOGA no Hatayasu, KOSE no Hitoomi, and KI no Ushinoomi."
Japanese: 丙辰大友皇子在內裏西殿織佛像前左大臣蘇我赤兄臣右大臣中臣金連蘇我果安臣巨勢人臣紀大人臣侍焉
English: "Prince Otomo stood with an incense burner in his hand and vowed, saying 'Having the same spirit of faith, these six members promise to obey the imperial edict. If we break the promise, we'll be sure to be punished by heaven.' After that, the five other members stood one by one with koro in their hands and promised to obey the imperial edict, following the prince. They said, 'If we break the promise, Shitenno (the Four Divas) will strike us. The gods of heaven and earth will also punish us. Sanjusanten (the thirty-three inhabitants of heaven), be a witness of the following: our descendants and family clans will be sure to die out,' they thus vowed with tears in their eyes."
Japanese: 大友皇子手執香鑪先起誓盟曰六人同心奉天皇詔若有違者必被天罰云云於是左大臣蘇我赤兄臣等手執香鑪隨次而起泣血誓盟曰臣等五人隨於殿下奉天皇詔若有違者四天王打天神地祇亦復誅罰三十三天証知此事子孫當絕家門必亡云云
English: It is not clearly known what was written in the "Imperial Edict" (Shochoku [imperial message]); however, it is thought that the edict appointed Prince Otomo to become the next emperor after the death of Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: ここでいう「天皇の詔」（詔勅）の内容は判然としないが、天智天皇の死後に大友皇子を践祚させることを指示していたものと考えられている。
English: Until his posthumous title, Emperor Kobun, was given in 1870, he was not included in the list of Japanese emperors.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）に弘文天皇の諡号を贈られるまで歴代天皇として数えられなかった。
English: Currently, there is another theory that states that although Emperor Kobun wasn't enthroned formally, he put Yamato hime no Okimi (The empress of Emperor Tenchi) on the throne and administered affairs of the nation as the Crown Prince.
Japanese: 現在では、正式には即位していなかったものの倭姫王（天智天皇の皇后）を立てて、皇太子として称制していたのではないかとの説もある。
English: It is considered that, Prince Otomo couldn't hold the ceremony related to the accession to the throne because he was defeated in the Jinshin War before the ceremony.
Japanese: ただ大友皇子の場合は、天皇としての践祚の前に壬申の乱で敗れてしまったが故に、践祚に関連する儀式が出来なかったと思われている。
English: We can guess that Prince Otomo was the "de facto emperor" during the period from the demise of Emperor Tenchi and the end of the Jinshin War.
Japanese: 天智崩御から壬申の乱終結まで「事実上の天皇」だったことは推測できる。
English: There is a legend that after Prince Otomo was defeated in the Jinshin War, he secretly escaped to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan) with his princesses and children.
Japanese: 壬申の乱の敗戦後、大友皇子は后・子女を伴って密かに東国へ逃れたとする伝説がある。
English: Prince Nagaya (684? - March 20, 729) was a member of the imperial family and Kugyo (high court noble).
Japanese: 長屋王（ながやのおおきみ、天武天皇13年（684年）?-神亀6年2月12日(旧暦)（729年3月20日））は、奈良時代の皇族、公卿。
English: Prince Nagaya became an authority of the political world as a leader of the imperial family, but committed suicide in the Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao) which was said to be a conspiracy of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 皇族勢力の巨頭として政界の重鎮となったが、対立する藤原氏の陰謀といわれる長屋王の変で自害した。
English: There is a dominant theory which states that he was born in 684, but there is another theory which states that he was born in 676 based on the articles of Kaifusou (Fond Recollections of Poetry).
Japanese: 天武天皇13年（684年）誕生説が有力であるが、懐風藻の記事にもとづき天武天皇5年（676年）とする説もある。
English: His father was Takechi no Miko, a prince of Emperor Tenmu, and his mother was Minabe no himemiko, a princess of Emperor Tenchi (older maternal half-sister of Empress Genmei) and he was a Koshin (Emperor's family) very close to the main branch.
Japanese: 父は天武天皇の皇子の高市皇子、母は天智天皇の皇女の御名部皇女（元明天皇の同母姉）であり、皇親として嫡流に非常に近い存在であった。
English: Prince Nagaya was appointed to Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) directly without following the order in 704, Jusani (Junior Third Rank) Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) in 709, Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) in 710 and Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 716.
Japanese: 長屋王は慶雲元年（704年）正四位に直叙され、和銅2年（709年）従三位宮内省、同3年式部卿、霊亀2年（716年）には正三位に叙せられている。
English: After transferring of the national capital to Heijo, udaijin (minister of the right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito played a main role in the political world, and the pro-imperial force, such as Imperial Prince Toneri and Prince Nagaya, rivaled him.
Japanese: 平城京遷都後、右大臣藤原不比等が政界の中心となり、舎人親王や長屋王ら皇親勢力がこれに対する形であった。
English: However, there is a theory which states that Prince Nagaya was in favor of the Fujiwara clan since his wife was a daughter of Fuhito.
Japanese: ただし、長屋王が不比等の娘を妻としていた関係で、不比等の生存中はむしろ王の立場は親藤原氏的存在であったとみる説もある。
English: When Sadaijin (Minister of the left) ISONOKAMI no Maro died in 717, Prince Nagaya was assigned to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) from Hisangi (advisor at large) at once, which was the highest ranking position among Daijokan (Grand Council of State) after udaijin (minister of the right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito.
Japanese: 霊亀3年（717年）左大臣石上麻呂が死去すると、翌年長屋王は非参議から一挙に大納言に任ぜられ、太政官で右大臣藤原不比等に次ぐ地位を占める。
English: When FUJIWARA no Fuhito died in 720, his sons Fujiwara four brothers (FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, FUJIWARA no Umakai, FUJIWARA no Maro) were still young and only FUJIWARA no Maro had the position of Sangi (councilor) as Giseikan (Legislature), so Prince Nagaya became a leader of the political world as a representative of Koshin.
Japanese: さらに、藤原不比等が養老4年（720年）に没すると、その子である藤原四兄弟（藤原武智麻呂、藤原房前、藤原宇合、藤原麻呂）はまだ若く、議政官は当時参議の地位にあった房前のみであったため、長屋王は皇親の代表として政界の主導者となった。
English: Prince Nagaya became Junii (Junior Second Rank) udaijin (minister of the right) in 721, promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) sadaijin (minister of the left) in 724 on the day when the Emperor Shomu ascended the throne, and it is said that Empress Gensho also trusted her sister Imperial Princess Kibi and her husband Prince Nagaya.
Japanese: その後長屋王は養老5年（721年）に従二位右大臣、さらに神亀元年（724年）聖武天皇の即位と同日、正二位左大臣に進み、また、元正天皇も自分の妹である吉備内親王とその夫の長屋王に厚い信任を寄せていたといわれている。
English: The measures taken at the time include Sanze isshin no hou (the law to assure the possession of the reclaimed land for three generation) issued in 723.
Japanese: 当時の施策としては、養老7年（723年）に発令された三世一身の法がある。
English: A grand banquet was held to welcome envoys from Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) at the house of Prince Nagaya in 719 and the poems created by Prince Nagaya and men of literature were collected in "Kaifusou".
Japanese: また養老3年（719年）には新羅からの使者を長屋王邸に迎えて盛大な宴会が催され、長屋王自身の作になる詩や、時の文人らが作った詩が『懐風藻』に収録されている。
English: "Kaifusou" contains a total of three Chinese-style poems composed by Prince Nagaya, including the poem created at the banquet.
Japanese: なお『懐風藻』にはこのときの詩を含め、長屋王の漢詩が計3首収められている。
English: The reins of power of Prince Nagaya were unpleasant to the four brothers of Fujiwara.
Japanese: このような長屋王の権勢は藤原四兄弟にとっては面白くないものであった。
English: Although the relationship between the fathers-in-law and adopted son-in-law was not necessary bad while Fuhito was alive, but after his death, Prince Nagaya conflicted with the four brothers over the title of FUJIWARA no Miyako, who was a daughter of Fuhito and the real mother of Emperor Shomu, and their confrontation heated up.
Japanese: 不比等の生前こそ、舅と娘婿の関係であって関係も決して悪いわけではなかったが、不比等の死後に不比等の娘で聖武天皇の生母藤原宮子の称号を巡って長屋王と四兄弟が対立すると、その対立が露になってきた。
English: Nuribe no miya tsukokimitari and Nakatomi no miya konomuraji azumahito got secret information that 'Prince Nagaya was led into the wrong course and wished to subvert the state', so the troops of rokuefu (six guard divisions) led by FUJIWARA no Umakai besieged the residence of Prince Nagaya and, as a result of inquiries by Imperial Prince Toneri and others, Prince Nagaya ordered to strangle his empress Imperial Princess Kibi and his son Kashiwade no Okimi to death and killed himself with poison.
Japanese: 神亀6年（729年）2月、漆部造君足（ぬりべのみやつこきみたり）と中臣宮処東人（なかとみのみやこのむらじあずまひと）が「長屋王は密かに左道を学びて国家を傾けんと欲す。」と密告があり、それをうけて藤原宇合（ふじわらのうまかい）らの率いる六衛府の軍勢が長屋王の邸宅を包囲し、舎人親王などによる糾問の結果、長屋王はその妃吉備内親王と子の膳夫王らを縊り殺させ服毒自殺した。
English: Emperor Shomu was poor in health and had the only son Prince Asaka of the non-Fujiwara clan at the time of the incident.
Japanese: 聖武天皇は病弱で事件当時には非藤原氏系の安積親王しか男子がいなかった。
English: Apart from the political confrontation, one of the reasons noteworthy for the 'exclusion of Prince Nagaya' was that the three princes, including Kashiwade no Okimi, who were given birth by Imperial Princess Kibi, an aunt of the emperor, (and of course the sons of Prince Nagaya) would have been the most promising successors to the Imperial Throne if something happened to the emperor and Prince Asaka.
Japanese: 政治的な対立もさることながら、天皇と安積親王に何かがあった場合には天皇の叔母・吉備内親王の生んだ男子（当然、長屋王の息子でもある）である膳夫王ら三王が男系皇族での皇位継承の最有力者となる筈であったことも「長屋王排除」の理由として注目すべき点である。
English: After the death of the prince, the Fujiwara four brothers put up Empress Komyo, who was their sister and the wife of Emperor Shomu, as empress and established the administration by four brothers of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 王の没後、藤原四兄弟は妹で聖武天皇の夫人であった光明皇后を皇后に立て、藤原四子政権を樹立する。
English: The four brothers died of smallpox in 737 and there was a rumor that it was a punishment for driving the prince to suicide.
Japanese: しかし、天然痘により天平9年（737年）4人とも死没してしまったが、これは王を自殺に追い込んだ祟りではないかと噂されたらしい。
English: According to "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued), Nagatomi no miyako no azumabito who was one of the persons who accused Prince Nagaya falsely was killed with a sword by OTOMO no Komushi on July 10, 738.
Japanese: なお、『続日本紀』によると、翌10年（738年）の7月10日、王のことを誣告した人物の一人である中臣宮処東人が大伴子虫により斬殺されてしまう。
English: It is said that Komushi was one of the persons treated very well by Prince Nagaya and when Nagatomi no miyako no azumabito spoke ill of Prince Nagaya in a game of Igo (board game of capturing territory), Komushi got angry and killed him.
Japanese: 子虫は長屋王に恩遇されていた人物の一人で、囲碁のときに話が王のことに及んだため憤激して殺したとなっている。
English: Since the words 'false accusation' appeared in "Shoku Nihongi", it is considered that it was an open secret in the imperial court in the early Heian period in which the chronicle was composed, that Prince Nagaya was falsely charged.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』に「誣告」と記載されていることから、同書が成立した平安時代初期の朝廷日本の朝廷内では、長屋王が無実の罪を着せられたことが公然の事実となっていたと想定されている。
English: Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties carried out excavation and research at a planned construction site of a Sogo department store at Nijo-oji Street Minami, Nara City, in 1986 to 1989, and found the ruins of a residence of a noble in Nara period, which was proved to be the residence of Prince Nagaya, together with a lot of mokkan (long and narrow wood plates written with a brush) (mokkan of the Prince Nagaya family) in 1988.
Japanese: 昭和61年（1986年）から平成元年（1989年）にかけて、奈良市二条大路南のそごうデパート建設予定地で奈良文化財研究所による発掘調査が行われ、昭和63年（1988年）に奈良時代の貴族邸宅址が大量の木簡（長屋王家木簡）とともに発見され、長屋王邸と判明した。
English: The residence of Prince Nagaya was located in a high-class residential area adjacent to the southeast corner of Heijo-kyu Palace, and had an area of about 30,000m2.
Japanese: 長屋王邸は平城宮の東南角に隣接する高級住宅街に位置し、約30,000m2を占めていた。
English: The relics, such as excavated mokkan, are precious legacy for understanding life in Nara period, but most of the ancient structural remnants were destroyed by construction works regardless of the oppositions of the local residents and researchers.
Japanese: 出土した木簡などの遺物は奈良時代の生活を知る貴重な遺産となったが、地元や研究者の反対にも関わらず遺構の多くは建設により破壊された。
English: At present, there is a monument in the premises of the Nara store of Ito Yokado.
Japanese: 現在はイトーヨーカドー奈良店として利用され敷地の一角に記念碑が設けられているのみである。
English: The characters '長屋親王宮鮑大贄十編' (Ten abalone were contributed to the Imperial Prince Nagaya) were printed on a mokkan excavated from the site of the residence of Prince Nagaya and he was called 'Imperial Prince Nagaya' in an episode regarding Nagayao no Hen in "Nihon Genho Zen-aku Ryoiki" (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryouiki), so there is a theory which states that he was called Imperial Prince Nagaya when he was alive.
Japanese: 長屋王の邸宅跡から発掘された木簡に「長屋親王宮鮑大贄十編」の文字があったこと、『日本現報善悪霊異記』の長屋王の変に関する説話では「長屋親王」と称されていることなどから、在世時には長屋親王と称されていたとする学説もある。
English: Since the children between Prince Nagaya and Imperial Princess Kibi were specially treated as the second princes (originally the third princes of Emperor Tenmu) by Empress Genmei, a maternal grandmother, there is also a possibility that Prince Nagaya was also specially treated.
Japanese: 長屋王と吉備内親王の間の子供達が外祖母にあたる元明天皇によって二世王の待遇（元来は天武天皇の三世王）を受けていることなどから長屋王に対しても特別待遇がされていた可能性もある。
English: According to an ordinary interpretation of the Ritsuryo codes, a son or grandson of an emperor could not call himself Imperial Prince unless the emperor 'gave the title of Imperial Prince' to him directly.
Japanese: 通常の律令解釈によれば本来親王は天皇の息子または孫に天皇から直接「親王宣下」されない限り名乗れなかったとされる。
English: Anyway, the words 'Imperial Prince Nagaya' and 'imperial command' on the about 50,000 excavated mokkan are considered useful to make clear the facts of life and management of the royal family and mysteries of Prince Nagaya as a member of Koshin, and are awaited to be analyzed.
Japanese: ともあれ、前述の5万点に及ぶ出土木簡の、「長屋親王宮」や「大命」の記載は、王家の生活や経営の実態とともに、皇親としての謎にせまるものとして、解明が待たれる。
English: He was depicted as an arrogant person who hit low-ranking monks with a tusk scepter in "Nihon genho zenaku ryoiki" (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryouiki), and it is said that he was perished by Butsubachi (Buddha's punishment).
Japanese: 『日本現報善悪霊異記』では身分の低い僧を牙笏で打ち据えるような傲慢な人物として描かれており、そのために仏罰が下って滅ぼされたとしている。
English: It became clear from the mokkan excavated from the site of the residence of Prince Nagaya that he had a himuro (ice chamber) and ate ice in summer.
Japanese: 長屋王邸から出土した木簡から、氷室を所有し、夏に食していた事が判明した。
English: Imperial House Act is a law of Japan, institution of which was indirectly obligated by the Constitution of Japan and which establishes the system, composition, and the like of the Imperial family, such as an order of succession of the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: 皇室典範（こうしつてんぱん）は、皇位の継承順位など皇室の制度・構成等について定める日本国憲法で間接的に設置が義務づけられた日本の法律である。
English: As the Imperial House Act, there are one under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (enacted [decided by the Emperor] on February 11, 1889) and one under the Constitution of Japan (January 16, 1947; Act No.3), with the former being referred to as the old Imperial House Act in differentiation from the latter.
Japanese: 皇室典範には、大日本帝国憲法時代のもの（1889年2月11日裁定（勅定））と、日本国憲法下のもの（1947年1月16日法律第3号）とがあり、前者は後者と区別するために、旧皇室典範と呼ばれることが多い。
English: The Imperial House Act under the system of Constitution of Japan was enacted as a "law" and is, like other laws, enacted and amended by the Parliament, thus the public being involved in the institution of the Imperial family itself through the Parliament.
Japanese: 日本国憲法体制下の皇室典範は「法律」として制定され、他の法律と同様に、制定および改正は国会が行い、皇室の制度そのものに国民が国会を通じて関与することとなった。
English: The 2nd Article of the Constitution of Japan prescribes that the Imperial Throne is hereditary but, as for the manner thereof, the same provides that it shall be determined by the Imperial House Act and does not refer to, for example, the gender of the successor.
Japanese: 日本国憲法第2条は皇位は世襲のものである旨規定しているが、その方法については、皇室典範の定めるところによると規定して、例えば皇位継承の性別については触れていない。
English: After the birth of Imperial Princess Aiko, revision of the Imｐerial House Act has begun to be discussed in order to maintain stable succession to the Imperial Throne because, even though the Imperial House Act approves succession to the Imperial Throne only by a male member of the Imperial family, young male members of the Imperial family are decidedly in short supply.
Japanese: 皇室典範の規定では男性皇族にしか皇位継承を認めていないにもかかわらず、若い男性皇族が決定的に不足していることから、愛子内親王誕生後、安定した皇位継承を維持するために、皇室典範の改正が議論されるようになった。
English: For example, there have been proposed opinions that succession of the throne by a female member of the Imperial family should be approved, that the former member of the Imperial family should be restored to the register of the Imperial family, etc.
Japanese: 例えば、女性皇族にも皇位の継承を認めるべきだという意見、旧皇族を皇籍復帰させるべきだという意見などが出た。
English: Also, there was presented an opinion that a male not belonging to the Imperial family should be approved to become a member of the family with a restriction that the intention of the person is respected and this is limited to a marriage between a female member of the Imperial family and a descendant in the male line of a former Imperial family.
Japanese: また、本人の意思を尊重した上で、女性皇族と旧皇族の男系男性との婚姻のみに限定する形で、非皇族男性が皇族となること認めるようにすべきだとの意見も出た。
English: This is because, by doing so, succession of the throne by a male on the male side can be maintained, even when the female member of the Imperial family gave birth to a son and he became the Emperor, and restoration of former Miyake (house of an imperial prince) is thought to proceed smoothly without opposition of the public.
Japanese: こうすることで、女性皇族が男子を産み、その子が天皇になったとしても、男系男子による皇位継承を維持できるし、旧宮家復活も国民の抵抗なく円滑に進むと考えられるからである。
English: Conversely, however, the fact that such an opinion is presented also means that it is difficult to obtain public support for restoration of Miyake.
Japanese: しかし、逆に言えば、そのような意見が出てくるということは、それだけ旧宮家復活には国民の支持を得ることが困難だということでもある。
English: Also, it is very difficult to judge how true is the intention of a member of the Imperial family, who can easily be guessed to have many things which he cannot, in his position, divulge to another person even if he wanted to.
Japanese: また、立場上、言いたくても言うに言えないことがいくらでもあることが容易に推測される皇族の「本人の意思」がどこまで真実のものなのか、客観的に判断することは非常に難しい。
English: Meanwhile, in 2006, there was born Imperial Prince Hisahito as a male member of the Imperial family for the first time in 41 years and the discussion about amendment of the Imperial House Act has calmed down.
Japanese: なお、2006年（平成18年）、男性の皇族としては41年ぶりに悠仁親王が誕生し、皇室典範改正の議論は沈静化している。
English: The aim of the amended law is to, with the enforcement of General Administrative Agency of the Cabinet Establishment Act, change the letters in Soricho and Kunaifu in the related acts and ordinances to Sorifu and Kunaicho, respectively.
Japanese: 当該改正法の趣旨は、総理府設置法の施行に伴い、関係法令にある総理庁、宮内府の字句をそれぞれ総理府、宮内庁と改めることである。