nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In July 1867, all members of the Shinsengumi were called into service directly under the Bakufu and, as a Fukucho jokin (assistant vice commander), Genjiro was given 70 bales of rice, an annual "three-man" rice stipend.
Japanese: 慶応3年6月、新選組総員は幕府直参に取り立てられるが、その際源三郎は副長助勤として七十俵三人扶持を与えられる。
English: However, the Bakufu government was subject to the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) and Declaration of the Restoration of Imperial Rule, and Genzaburo and his group in the Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) section of the Shinsengumi were placed in inferior positions.
Japanese: しかしその後の幕末政局は、大政奉還、王政復古(日本)の大号令と続き、佐幕派の新選組に属する源三郎らは劣勢に立たされていく。
English: It was so heavy, though, that others suggested it be buried in the temple near the battleground.
Japanese: あまりの重さのために仲間の隊士から諭されて、戦場の近くの寺院の境内に源三郎の首を埋葬したというエピソードが伝わっている
English: Genzaburo's head and sword were said to have been buried in the nearby temple by his nephew, Taisuke INOUE; however, the exact location is unknown.
Japanese: 首と刀は甥の井上泰助が近くの寺院に埋めたとされるが、いまだに正確な場所は不明である。
English: The grounds of a temple named Gonjo-ji Temple are located in Uji, Kyoto, somewhere between Yodo-Senryomatsu and Yodo-jo Castle, which was demolished at the beginning of Meiji period.
Japanese: 淀千両松→淀城間、京都・宇治に欣浄寺（ごんじょうじ）という廃寺が当時存在したが、明治頭には取り壊されてしまった。
English: There is a temple with the same name, Konjo-ji, next to Inoue's birthplace, making it highly possible that his burial ground is this demolished temple.
Japanese: 井上生家の隣にも欣浄寺という全く同じ名称の寺が存在するため、埋葬場所はこの廃寺であった可能性が高い。
English: Kuwajiro OISHI (1838 - November 3, 1870) was a Shoshi shirabeyaku ken kansatsu (Shinsengumi's organizational post for investigating movements of the opponents and keeping the Shinsengumi members under control).
Japanese: 大石鍬次郎（おおいしくわじろう、天保9年（1838年）-明治3年10月10日(旧暦)（1870年11月3日））は、新選組諸士調役兼監察。
English: Upon his joining Shinsengumi, Oishi was fearfully referred to as 'Kuwajiro the assassin' with his main duty being to assassinate adversaries.
Japanese: 新撰組入隊後、暗殺を主とした任務につくことで「人斬り鍬次郎」と恐れられた。
English: Due to some circumstances, Oishi ran away from home and was working for a carpenter as a live-in help in Hinojuku, Bushuhino City.
Japanese: 事情により生家を出奔した大石は、武州日野市日野宿の大工のもとに住み込みで働いていた。
English: Since that carpenter regularly worked for the village headman Hikogoro SATO, Oishi began to attend Hikogoro's dojo (training hall).
Japanese: この大工が、名主　佐藤彦五郎に出入りしていた事で、大石は彦五郎の道場に通うようになる。
English: After the Ikedaya Incident in July 1864, Isami KONDO returned to Edo to recruit new members between October and November of that year.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）6月の池田屋事件後、近藤勇が九月から十月にかけて江戸に戻り隊士募集を行った。
English: When Shinsengumi members were made the Shogun's retainers in July 1867, Oishi was assigned the responsibility for investigating the adversary movements and keeping the Shinsengumi members under surveillance.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）6月　新選組が幕臣に取り立てられると、大石は諸士調役兼監察に任命された。
English: During the Abura-no-koji Incident in November 1867, Oishi assassinated Kashitaro ITO.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）11月の油小路事件では、大石が伊東甲子太郎を暗殺。
English: During the fierce sword fighting in the Tenmaya Incident of December 1867, along with other members including Hajime SAITO, Oishi was assigned as a bodyguard for a feudal retainer of Kishu Domain Kyutaro MIURA.
Japanese: また12月の天満屋事件では乱闘の斬り合いの中、紀州藩士　三浦休太郎の護衛の任務を斎藤一らと共に果たしている。
English: In January 1868, being defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, Oishi retreated to Edo with his Shinsengumi comrades.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）1月　鳥羽伏見の戦いに敗れ、大石も新選組の同志と江戸に撤退する。
English: When Koyo Chinbutai retreated in March 1868, Oishi went missing.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）3月に甲陽鎮撫隊が敗走すると、大石の消息もわからなくなった。
English: Oishi subsequently was in hiding with his family in Edo but, around January of the next year, was deceived by the former Shinsengumi member Ushinosuke MITSUI who was a friend of Oishi's and was captured.
Japanese: その後、妻子らと江戸に潜伏していたが、12月頃、懇意だった元隊士・三井丑之助に騙され捕縛される。
English: Some say that the destitute Oishi visited Washio KANO, then a member of the pro-Imperial troops and a former member of the faction under Kashitaro ITO who Oishi had killed, begging for a job which Kano rejected when Oishi was captured but there are no records to substantiate this theory.
Japanese: 一説には、大石は生きるに困り、油小路で自分が殺した伊東甲子太郎の一派であった加納鷲雄を訪ね、官軍になっていた加納に仕官を懇願したが容れられずに捕縛されたとも言われるが、そのような証言の記録は無い。
English: Since the foregoing story contradicts the testimony given by Kano's comrade Juro ABE, it is highly likely that it was a fictional account created by the novelist Kan SHIMOZAWA.
Japanese: 加納の同志である阿部十郎の証言とも矛盾する為、小説家・子母澤寛の創作である可能性が高い。
English: Being accused of assassinating Ryoma SAKAMOTO, Oishi was subjected to violent interrogation and, at one point, admitted guilt unable to bear the pain any longer, but subsequently retracted his earlier testimony insisting that the assassination was carried out by Mimawarigumi.
Japanese: 坂本龍馬暗殺の嫌疑をかけられた大石は、厳しい詮議に耐え切れずに一度は「自分がやった」と証言するが、後に前言を撤回し見廻組の仕業であるとしている。
English: According to the testimony of Juro ABE included in "Shidankaisokkiroku" (stenographic records of recollections of historical events) a compilation of stories told by old people during the Taisho era, Oishi, along with Soji OKITA and the like, was mentioned numerous times suggesting that he was among the most formidable swordsmen in Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 大正年間に古老の話をまとめた『史談会速記録』における阿部十郎によれば、大石は沖田総司らと共に何度も言及されており、新選組の中でも筆頭の脅威たる剣客だったことがうかがえる。
English: It is said that, to circumvent investigation, Oishi's son Raitaro changed his name to Utakichi HONMA and opened a shop to make and sell goods made of turtle-shell in Inari-cho, Shitaya.
Japanese: 嫡男の雷太郎は詮議を恐れて本間歌吉と改名し、下谷稲荷町に鼈甲職の店を構えたという。
English: Joseph Hardy Neeshima (born February 12, 1843, died January 23, 1890, and known as Joe NIIJIMA in Japan) was a Christian proselytizer and founder of the Doshisha Eigakko (Academy), formerly known as Doshisha University.
Japanese: 新島襄（にいじまじょう、英字表記：JosephHardyNeesima、天保14年1月14日(旧暦)（1843年2月12日）-明治23年（1890年）1月23日）はキリスト教の布教家で、同志社大学の前身となる同志社英学校の創立者である。
English: The son of a domainal retainer, he was born in 1843 at the Edo residence (located in Kanda, Chiyoda Ward, in Edo) of the Itakura family, who were from the Annaka Domain in Kozuke Province.
Japanese: 天保14年（1843年）、江戸の神田(千代田区)にあった上州安中藩板倉家江戸屋敷で、藩士の子として生まれる。
English: Some claim his name originated with his grandfather Benji's exclamation of pleasure, "Shimeta" ("wonderful"), at the birth of a grandson after four granddaughters in a row
Japanese: この名前は、祖父弁治が女子が4人続いた後の初の男子誕生に喜び「しめた」と言った事から命名されたという説がある。
English: After reaching adulthood, he became a clansman of Annaka Domain, but in 1864 he plotted to travel to the United States in violation of the government ban on overseas travel.
Japanese: 元服後、安中藩士となるが元治元年（1864年）、国禁を犯してのアメリカ合衆国への渡航を画策する。
English: While he was hiding in Hakodate trying to find a way of traveling abroad, he met Nikolai Kasatkin, who was a priest to the Russian Consulate at the time.
Japanese: 渡航に向け函館に潜伏中、当時ロシア領事館付の司祭だったニコライ・カサートキンと会う。
English: Kasatkin, who with Shimeta's help was able to learn Japanese and study Japanese written works, recommended that Shimeta, who had expressed interest in the Bible, become his disciple.
Japanese: カサートキンは七五三太から日本語と日本の書物などの手ほどきを受け、また聖書に興味を持つ七五三太に自分の弟子になるよう勧めた。
English: But since Shimeta had his heart set on traveling to the United States, Kasatkin gave up and helped Shimeta make his illegal voyage.
Japanese: しかし、七五三太のアメリカ行きの意思は変わらずカサートキンはそれに折れ七五三太の密航に協力した。
English: On July 17, at Hakodate, Shimeta boarded the Berlin, an American ship, and left Japan.
Japanese: 6月14日(旧暦)（7月17日）、函館から米船ベルリン号で出国する。
English: In Shanghai, he transferred to another ship, the Wild Rover; while aboard Horace S. Taylor, the ship's captain, began calling him "Joe."
Japanese: 上海市でワイルド・ローヴァー号に乗り換え、船中で船長ホレイス・S・テイラーに「Joe（ジョー）」と呼ばれていた。
English: From this point onwards he went by the name Joe, and even after he returned to Japan years later, he wrote his name with either the characters "譲" or "襄," both of which can be pronounced "Joe."
Japanese: このことから以後その名を使い始め、後年の帰国後は「譲」「襄」と名乗った。
English: With the help of Mr. and Mrs. A. Hardy, the owners of the Wild Rover, he was able to enroll in Phillips Academy.
Japanese: ワイルド・ローヴァー号の船主・A.ハーディー夫妻の援助をうけ、フィリップス・アカデミーに入学することができた。
English: In December of 1866, Joe was baptized at a church affiliated with Andover Seminary.
Japanese: 1866年（慶応2年）12月、アンドーヴァー神学校付属教会で洗礼を受ける。
English: He graduated from Phillips Academy in 1867, and graduated from Amherst College (with a Bachelor of Science degree) in 1870.
Japanese: 1867年（慶応3年）にフィリップス・アカデミーを卒業、1870年（明治3年）にアマースト大学を卒業（理学士）。
English: At Amherst College he studied chemistry under William Smith Clark, later the assistant headmaster of the Sapporo Agricultural School.
Japanese: アマースト大学では、後に札幌農学校教頭となるウィリアム・スミス・クラークから化学の授業を受けていた。
English: Joe was Clark's first Japanese student, and this experience inspired Clark to visit Japan.
Japanese: クラークにとっては最初の日本人学生であり、この縁でクラークは来日することとなった。
English: Under the auspices of Arinori MORI, Japan's first ambassador to the United States, Joe--who had first entered the U.S. as an illegal immigrant--was officially recognized as a legal foreign exchange student.
Japanese: 当初密入国者として渡米した襄であったが、初代の駐米公使となった森有礼によって正式な留学生として認可された。
English: Joe's proficiency in English came to the attention of Takayoshi KIDO, who asked Joe to serve as his interpreter, so Joe joined the Mission and worked as an interpreter from April 16, 1872 to January of 1873.
Japanese: 襄の語学力に目をつけた木戸孝允は、1872年（明治5年）4月16日から1873年（明治6年）1月にかけて自分付けの通訳として使節団に参加させた。
English: As a member of the Mission, Joe crossed over to Europe from New York, visiting France, Switzerland, Germany, and Russia.
Japanese: 襄は使節団に参加する形でニューヨークからヨーロッパへ渡り、フランス、スイス、ドイツ、ロシアを訪ねた。
English: After the Mission, he returned to Berlin and stayed there for about seven months, compiling the "Rijikotei", which could be called an account of the Iwakura Mission.
Japanese: その後ベルリンにもどって約7カ月間滞在し、使節団の報告書ともいうべき『理事功程』を編集した。
English: Joe had been asked to research educational systems in Europe and the U.S., so he made a study of each country's educational systems and assisted Fujimaro TANAKA, the Commissioner of the Ministry of Education.
Japanese: また欧米教育制度調査の委嘱を受け、文部理事官・田中不二麿に随行して欧米各国の教育制度を調査した。
English: In October of the same year, at the annual meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Joe requested funding to establish a Christian university in Japan, and secured the promise of a donation of 5000 dollars.
Japanese: 同年10月、アメリカン・ボード海外伝道部の年次大会で日本でキリスト教主義大学の設立を訴え、5,000ドルの寄付の約束を得る。
English: Given that the Itakura clan--the Niijima family's former masters--had held the position of Kyoto shoshidai (Kyoto deputy), the Niijima family had a wide range of connection with court nobles.
Japanese: 旧主家の板倉氏が京都所司代を務めたこともある関係で、新島家は公家華族とも広く親交があった。
English: On November 29, 1875, Joe was able to secure a building to serve as a schoolhouse by renting about half the residence (the Takamatsu family villa) of Viscount Sasuzane TAKAMATSU, a court noble with whom Joe had been long and closely connected.
Japanese: 明治8年（1875年）11月29日、かねてより親交の深かった公家華族の高松保実子爵より屋敷（高松家別邸）の約半部を借り受けることが出来たので校舎を確保することが出来た。
English: With the support of Masanao MAKIMURA, Governor of Kyoto Prefecture, and Kakuma YAMAMOTO, advisor to the prefectural government, Joe secured official permission for his school and opened Doshisha Eigakko, becoming its first president.
Japanese: 京都府知事・槇村正直、府顧問・山本覚馬の賛同を得て官許同志社英学校を開校し初代社長に就任する。
English: At its opening, the school had two teachers, Joe himself and J.D. Davis, and eight students, including Yujiro MOTORA, Rikizo NAKAJIMA, and Eizaburo UENO.
Japanese: 開校時の教員は襄とJ.D.デイヴィスの2人、生徒は元良勇次郎、中島力造、上野栄三郎ら8人であった。
English: Thanks to his working relationship with Kakuma YAMAMOTO, Joe was able to marry Kakuma's younger sister Yae on January 3, 1876.
Japanese: またこのときの縁で翌年（1876年）1月3日、山本覚馬の妹・新島八重と結婚する。
English: It is because of this friendship that the current student exchange program (in which students can study at another university within Japan) exists between Doshisha and Waseda Universities.
Japanese: 今日同志社大学と早稲田大学の間で学生交流（国内留学）制度があるのはそのためである。
English: At the morning assembly on April 13, 1880, Joe struck his own hand with a stick, instructing the students by punishing himself.
Japanese: 明治13年（1880年）4月13日、朝礼の際、自分の掌を杖で打ち、自らを罰して生徒に訓した。
English: While in Germany, he visited the house of Johannes Hesse and met his son Hermann, who was still a young boy at the time.
Japanese: ドイツでは訪問先のヨハネス・ヘッセ氏の家で幼少の息子ヘルマン・ヘッセと会っている。
English: In November 1888, the "Statement of Purpose for the Founding of Doshisha University" was published in the major magazines and newspapers.
Japanese: 明治21年（1888年）11月、『同志社大学設立ノ旨意』を全国の主要な雑誌・新聞に掲載された。
English: In 1890, in Maebashi in Gunma Prefecture, Joe collapsed while working to found Doshisha, and passed away while recuperating at the Mukade-ya, a Japanese-style inn in Oiso, Kanagawa Prefecture; he entrusted his ten-item will to Soho TOKUTOMI and Hiromichi KOZAKI.
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）、同志社設立運動中に群馬県の前橋で倒れ、静養先の神奈川県大磯の旅館・百足屋で徳富蘇峰、小崎弘道らに10か条の遺言を託して死去する。
English: His funeral, which began at 1 PM on January 27, was held at the chapel in front of Doshisha, and he was buried on the summit of Mt. Nyakuoji in Higashiyama.
Japanese: 1月27日13時より同志社前のチャペルで葬儀が営まれ、東山若王子山頂に葬られた。
English: Joe's evangelistic efforts converted his father Tamiji NIIJIMA to Christianity.
Japanese: 父親の新島民治（にいじまたみじ）は襄の伝道によりキリスト教に改宗した。
English: William Merrell Vories (October 28, 1880 - May 7, 1964), who was born in the United States, was an architect who designed many western-style buildings in Japan; he was also a businessman responsible for widely popularizing Mentholatum (present-day Menturm) in Japan in his role as one of the founders of W.M. Vories & Company (whose name was later changed to Omi Brotherhood Co., Ltd.).
Japanese: ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ（WilliamMerrellVories、1880年10月28日-1964年5月7日）は、アメリカに生まれ、日本で数多くの西洋建築を手懸けた建築家であり、ヴォーリズ合名会社（のちの近江兄弟社）の創立者の一人としてメンソレータム（現メンターム）を広く日本に普及させた実業家でもある。
English: As a Christian believer, he was also an active and enthusiastic participant in Protestant missionary work; he was involved in the activities of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), and also founded the "Omi Mission."
Japanese: そしてまたキリスト教青年会活動を通し、また「近江ミッション」を設立し、信徒の立場で熱心にプロテスタントの伝道に従事した。
English: Though he is often described as a "missionary" he was not in fact a professional pastor, simply a Christian evangelist.
Japanese: よく「宣教師」と紹介されるが、彼はプロの牧師ではなくキリスト教徒伝道者である。
English: He was professionally trained in many aspects of music, including the writing of hymns, and also introduced the Hammond organ into Japan.
Japanese: 讃美歌などの作詞作曲を手がけ、ハモンドオルガンを日本に紹介するなど、音楽についての造詣も素人ではなかった。
English: He designed a number of buildings of various types, including schools, churchs, YMCAs, hospitals, department stores, and houses.
Japanese: 学校、教会、YMCA、病院、百貨店、住宅など、その種類も様式も多彩である。
English: He became a naturalized resident of Japan in 1941, thereafter referring to himself as Mereru HITOTSUYANAGI, using the maiden name of his wife Mariko, daughter of Viscount Suenori HITOTSUYANAGI.
Japanese: 1941年（昭和16年）に日本に帰化してからは、華族一柳末徳子爵の令嬢満喜子夫人の姓をとって一柳米来留（ひとつやなぎめれる）と名乗った。
English: Immediately after World War II ended, he worked to fill the role of intermediary between Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) and leader of General Headquarters, and Fumimaro KONOE.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争終戦直後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部ダグラス・マッカーサーと近衛文麿との仲介工作に尽力。
English: In 1900 he enrolled in Colorado College in their science and technology program, and began to be involved with YMCA activities.
Japanese: 1900年、コロラドカレッジ理工系課程に入学し、キリスト教青年会活動を開始する。
English: Initially interested in architecture, Vories was admitted to MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) but opted to enter Colorado College instead due to his family's budgetary situation.
Japanese: 当初は建築家志望でマサチューセッツ工科大学への入学が決定していたが、家庭の経済状況を考え、近くのコロラドカレッジに入学。
English: In 1902, after being deeply impressed by a lecture at the Student Mission Voluntary Army Congress, he decided to devote himself to missionary work abroad.
Japanese: 1902年、学生宣教義勇軍大会での講演に感激し、外国伝道への献身を決意する。
English: In 1904, he graduated from the philosophy department of Colorado College, and then took up the post of assistant secretary of the YMCA in Colorado Springs.
Japanese: 1904年、コロラドカレッジ哲学科を卒業し、コロラドスプリングスYMCAの主事補となる。
English: Vories went to Japan in 1905 to be an English teacher at Shiga Prefectural Commercial School (today's Shiga Prefectural Hachiman Commercial Senior High School).
Japanese: 1905年、滋賀県立商業学校（現滋賀県立八幡商業高等学校）の英語科教師として来日する。
English: In 1908 he opened an office supervising architectural projects (later named the Vories Architectural Office) in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1908年、京都で建築設計監督事務所を開業する（後のヴォーリズ建築事務所）。
English: In 1910, Vories founded the "W.M. Vories & Company" along with Lester Chapin, an architect, and Etsuzo YOSHIDA.
Japanese: 1910年、建築家のレスター・チェーピン、吉田悦蔵と3人で「ヴォーリズ合名会社」設立する。
English: In 1918, he opened the Omi Ryotoin (Omi Sanatorium, which today is the Vories Memorial Hospital) as a tuberculosis sanatorium.
Japanese: 1918年、結核療養所「近江療養院」（近江サナトリアム、現ヴォーリズ記念病院）開設
English: In 1920 he dissolved W.M. Vories & Company, establishing the "W.M. Vories Architect Office"as well as the "Omi Sales Company."
Japanese: 1920年、ヴォーリズ合名会社を解散し「W・M・ヴォーリズ建築事務所」および「近江セールズ株式会社」を設立する。
English: In 1934, he renamed the "Omi Brotherhood Co., Ltd." to "Omi Mission" and founded the "Kohan Press Company."
Japanese: 1934年、「近江ミッション」を「近江兄弟社」と改称、また「湖畔プレス社」を設立する。
English: In 1941, Vories acquired Japanese citizenship, changing his name to Mereru HITOTSUYANAGI.
Japanese: 1941年、日本国籍を取得し、一柳米来留（ひとつやなぎめれる）と改名。
English: In 1945, Vories acted as intermediary between Douglas MacArthur and Fumimaro KONOE.
Japanese: 1945年、ダグラス・マッカーサーと近衛文麿との仲介工作をおこなう。
English: In 1951 he was awarded a type of medal of merit (for distinguished service in social and public works).
Japanese: 1951年、褒章褒章の種類を受章（社会公共事業に対する功績による）。
English: He passed away in 1964 in his own room on the second floor of his house (which is now the Vories Museum) at 11 Moto, Jionji-cho in Omihachiman.
Japanese: 1964年、近江八幡市慈恩寺町元11の自邸（現ヴォーリズ記念館）2階の自室にて永眠。
English: In May 2007, the "Vories Architectural Culture National Network" was established with the participation approximately twenty organizations located in the areas from Hokkaido to Yamaguchi Prefecture who were invited by nine organizations including NPOs (specified nonprofit organizations) and individuals in Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture, and in Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture.
Japanese: 2007年5月、滋賀県近江八幡市や兵庫県西宮市のNPO法人（特定非営利活動法人）など9団体・個人が呼びかけ人となり、北海道から山口県までの約20団体が参加し、「ヴォーリズ建築文化全国ネットワーク」が設立された。
English: In 2001, a controversy erupted over the Toyosato Elementary School building (constructed in 1937) in Toyosato-cho, Inugami-gun County, Shiga Prefecture, which was designed by Vories; the dispute arose between the faction, consisting of the town government and the PTA, who wanted to demolish the building and then reconstruct it, and a group consisting of regular citizens (local people like graduates of the school and people connected with construction work) who wanted the school building to be preserved.
Japanese: 2001年、ヴォーリズ建築である滋賀県犬上郡豊郷町豊郷町立豊郷小学校校舎（1937年建設）を巡り、取り壊して改築しようとした町・PTAと、同校舎を残そうと願う一般の人々（卒業生など地元住民、建築関係者）の間で激しい対立が生じた。
English: Yet some old buildings could not escape demolition, as shown by examples such as the decision to demolish the Zucker House (of the Vories Memorial Hospital) located like the Toyosato Elementary School in Shiga Prefecture (although part of the house will be preserved).
Japanese: 他に、同じ滋賀県にあるツッカーハウス（ヴォーリズ記念病院）も解体（部分的に保存）が決まるなど古い建築物は解体が免れないものも出てきている。
English: Tadasaburo SASAKI (1833 - February 5, 1868) was a samurai that was a direct vassal of the shogun and member of Kyoto Mimawarigumi in Japan.
Japanese: 佐々木只三郎（ささきたださぶろう、天保4年(1833年)-慶応4年1月12日(旧暦)(1868年2月5日)）は、日本の武士・旗本、京都見廻組隊士。
English: Sasaki was born the third son of a feudal retainer of Aizu clan Genpachi SASAKI in the Aizu clan territory (Fukushima Prefecture) in Mutsu Province.
Japanese: 陸奥国の会津藩領内（福島県）に会津藩士・佐々木源八の三男として生まれる。
English: In 1864, Sasaki led Kyoto Mimawarigumi that, along with Shinsengumi, was feared by the pro-Emperor faction.
Japanese: 1864年には京都見廻組を率い、新選組と共に尊攘派志士から恐れられた。
English: In 1863, Sasaki returned to Edo and, with other samurai including assassinated Hachiro KIYOKAWA of Roshigumi in Azabu.
Japanese: 文久3（1863年）には江戸へ戻り、麻布で窪田鎮章などと共に浪士組の清河八郎を暗殺する。
English: Based on the testimony given by a former Mimawarigumi member Nobuo IMAI, it is alleged that Sasaki assassinated Ryoma SAKAMOTO and Shintaro NAKAOKA of the Tosa clan at Omiya in Kyoto in 1867 (the Omiya Incident).
Japanese: 元見廻組隊士今井信郎の証言から、慶応3年（1867年）の京都近江屋での土佐藩の坂本龍馬・中岡慎太郎を暗殺したとされる（近江屋事件）。
English: When the Boshin War broke out, Sasaki joined the shogunate army participating in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi during which he was fatally wounded and died in Wakayama.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争が勃発すると幕府軍の一員として鳥羽・伏見の戦いに参戦するも重傷を負い、和歌山で死去。
English: In 1139, Yoshikata became the head of the Imperial Palace Guard assigned to guard the Crown Prince Narihito, who later became Emperor Konoe, being referred to as Togu tachihaki no senjo (Head of the Imperial Guard for the Crown Prince).
Japanese: 保延5年（1139年）、のちの近衛天皇である東宮体仁親王を警護する帯刀の長となり、東宮帯刀先生（とうぐうたちはきのせんじょう）と呼ばれた。
English: After his eldest brother Yoshitomo went to Togoku (the Kanto region) with no government post, Yoshikata was assigned to an important government job and it is considered that Yoshikata was in the position to succeed the main line of the Kawachi-genji family.
Japanese: 長兄の義朝が無官のまま東国（関東）に下った後、重要な官職に補任されており、この時点では河内源氏の嫡流を継承すべき立場にあったと考えられる。
English: In the following year, Yoshikata captured the culprit of the Takiguchi Genbi homicide but was dismissed from the post of the Head of the Imperial Guard based on the allegation that he was involved with the said culprit.
Japanese: 翌年、滝口源備殺害事件の犯人を捕らえるが、義賢がその犯人に関与していたとして帯刀先生を解官される。
English: In 1143, Yoshikata became the acting local governor of Noto Province which was the property of Yorinaga but, in 1147, due to the unpaid tax, was dismissed and once again returned to Yorinaga becoming his sodomy partner (as recorded in the "Journal" on February 3, 1148).
Japanese: 康治2年（1143年）頼長の所有する能登国の預所職となるが、久安3年（1147年）年貢未納により罷免され、再び頼長の元に戻り、頼長の男色の相手になっている（『台記』久安4年1月5日条）。
English: Yoshikata was staying at the residence of the Minamoto clan in Horikawa in Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) but, in 1153, when MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who had gone to the Kanto region after becoming at odds with their father Tameyoshi, assumed a post in Shimotsuke Province and extended his power over the Southern Kanto region Yoshikata, at the father's command, went to the Northern Kanto region to retaliate against Yoshitomo.
Japanese: 平安京堀川の源氏館にいたが、仁平3年（1153年）父為義と不仲になり関東に下っていた兄の源義朝が、下野国に就任し南関東に勢力を伸ばすと、義賢は父の命により義朝に対抗すべく北関東へ下った。
English: Yoshikata owned Taga County, Kozuke Province and married the daughter of Shigetaka CHICHIBU (who was the great-uncle of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and the grandfather of Shigeyori KAWAGOE) of the Chichibu region in Musashi Province.
Japanese: 上野国多胡郡を領し、武蔵国秩父地方の秩父重隆（畠山重忠の大叔父、河越重頼の祖父）の娘をめとる。
English: Before long, Yoshikata set up a residence in Okura, Hiki County, Musashi Province (the present Ranzan-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama Prefecture) extending his power over the neighboring provinces.
Japanese: やがて、武蔵国比企郡大蔵（現在の埼玉県比企郡嵐山町）に館を構え、近隣国にまで勢力をのばす。
English: In August 1155, Yoshikata's nephew MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, who had come down to the Kanto region replacing Yoshitomo, attacked the Okura-yakata and, along with his father-in-law Shigetaka, Yoshikata was killed in the battle of Okura.
Japanese: 久寿2年（1155年）8月、義賢は義朝に代わって東国に下っていた甥の源義平に大蔵館を襲撃され、大蔵合戦に及んで義父・重隆とともに討たれた。
English: Yoshikata's son Komaomaru who was 2 years of age at that time escaped to Kiso with help of various people including Shigeyoshi HATAKEYAMA and Sanemori SAITO and later became MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
Japanese: 義賢の子でこの時2歳の駒王丸は、畠山重能、斎藤実盛らの計らいによって木曾に逃れ、のちの源義仲となる。
English: Additionally, some say that the Okura residence was located in Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo City where a stone monument referred to as 'Shogun-zuka' (a mound of Shogun) that is said to be the grave of Yoshikata.
Japanese: なお、大蔵館の所在は現在の東京都世田谷区大蔵とする説もあり、義賢の墓と伝えられる「将軍塚」という石碑が残っている。
English: Uichi SHIMIZU (March 5, 1926 - February 18, 2004) was a ceramic artist.
Japanese: 清水卯一（しみずういち、1926年3月5日-2004年2月18日）は陶芸家。