nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: On April 27, 1863, a group of 13 people, including Kamo SERIZAWA and Isami KONDO formed Mibu-Roshigumi (the Mibu masterless warrior group), which was also called Seichu-Roshigumi, the predecessor of the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）3月10日、芹沢鴨・近藤勇ら13名が新選組の前身、壬生浪士組（精忠浪士組とも呼ばれる）を結成。
English: Another legend states that he had been a cenacle along with KONDO since the years at the Shieikan training hall, and that he had gone to Kyoto with KONDO, but in any case SAITO's journey to Kyoto was separate from that of KONDO.
Japanese: 試衛館以来の近藤の同志で、近藤と一緒に上洛したという説もあるが、少なくとも、斎藤の上洛は近藤とは別行動だった。
English: However, the people who went to Kyoto with KONDO didn't take joint actions.
Japanese: もっとも、近藤とともに上洛した者たちにしても、統一行動をとっていたわけではない。
English: Later, SAITO, who was then 20 years old, was promoted to Fukucho-jokin (third-rank of Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party) in the election of the cadre of the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party.
Japanese: その後、新選組幹部の選出にあたり、斎藤は20歳にして副長助勤に抜擢された。
English: While Soji OKITA may generally be considered the youngest man among the cadre of the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party, the youngest was SAITO (there are several different opinions about OKITA's date of birth).
Japanese: 一般的に新選組幹部で一番若いと思われているのは沖田総司であろうが、最年少は斎藤である（沖田の生年については異説あり）。
English: In April 1867, when Kinetaro ITO left the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party to form the Goryo-eji (guardians of Imperial mausoleums), party, he left the party with ITO, but eventually he rejoined the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）3月伊東甲子太郎が御陵衛士を結成して新選組を離脱する際に行動をともにしたが、のちに新選組に復帰した。
English: Some theories assert that he stole the war chest from the Goryo-eji party or had originally infiltrated as a spy for the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party, but his acts during this period of time have not been clarified in terms of the facts and motives.
Japanese: 御陵衛士の活動資金を盗んだためだという説やもともと新選組の間諜として潜入していたのだという説もあり、この時期の行動についてはその事実関係や動機が明確になっていない。
English: Another theory states that the Abura-no-koji Incident, in which the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party assassinated ITO, had occurred based on the information given at the time SAITO returned.
Japanese: 新選組が伊東を暗殺した油小路事件は、斎藤が復帰の際にもたらした情報に基づいて起きたという説もある。
English: In the Tenmaya Incident, which occurred on January 1 in 1868, he guarded Kyutaro MIURA, the feudal retainer of the Kishu domain, at the request of the domain.
Japanese: 同年12月7日の天満屋事件の際には、紀州藩の依頼を受けて、紀州藩士三浦休太郎を護衛していた。
English: While the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party was holding an alcohol-drinking party with MIURA, they were beaten by an attack from members of the Kaientai (Japan's first modern corporation established by Ryoma SAKAMOTO) and suffered damage such as the deaths of Nobukichi MIYAGAWA and Kamataro FUNAZU as well as serious injuries to Katsunoshin UMEDO, which occurred in an effort to help SAITO, but the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party was successful in its effort to guard MIURA.
Japanese: 海援隊士らの襲撃のとき三浦とともに酒宴を開いていた新選組は遅れをとり、宮川信吉と舟津釜太郎が死亡したほか、梅戸勝之進が斎藤をかばって重傷を負うなどの被害を出したものの、護衛には成功している。
English: He continuously fought the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in January 1868 and the Battle of Katsunuma (Koshu Province) in March 1868.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）1月に鳥羽・伏見の戦い、3月に甲州勝沼の戦いと転戦。
English: After KONDO surrendered to the new government army in Nagareyama City, he separated from Toshizo HIJIKATA and other members who remained in Edo, and departed for Aizu, leading a number of officers.
Japanese: 近藤が流山市で新政府軍に投降したあと、江戸に残った土方歳三らといったん別れ、隊士たちの一部を率いて会津へ向かった。
English: However, a different theory asserts that at this time SAITO was absent from the line of battle due to his injuries and was not in Nagareyama.
Japanese: 一方、このとき斎藤は負傷して戦列を離れており流山にはいなかったという説もある。
English: According to that theory, the person who had departed for Aizu leading officers was either Masachika KUMEBE or Saisuke YASUTOMI.
Japanese: こちらの説では、隊士を率いて会津に向かったのは粂部正親または安冨才助とされている。
English: After HIJIKATA injured his leg in the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle in April of the same year and therefore left the line of battle, he arrived at the castle town of Wakamatsu via Tajima and got together with SAITO and others.
Japanese: 土方は同年4月の宇都宮城の戦いに参加、足を負傷して戦列を離れ、田島を経由して若松城下にたどり着き、斎藤らと合流した。
English: The Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party, including SAITO, came under the command of the domain of Aizu and fought in the Battle of Shirakawaguchi on the 26th of intercalary month of May, as well as the Battle of Bonari-toge on October 6.
Japanese: 斎藤をはじめとする新選組は会津藩の指揮下に入り、閏4月5日には白河口の戦いに参加、8月21日の母成峠の戦いにも参加した。
English: Later, HIJIKATA departed for the domain of Shonai and a battery of former retainers of shogun, including Keisuke OTORI, went to Sendai to fight, but SAITO remained in Aizu and continued to fight against the new government army outside the castle with feudal retainers of the Aizu domain.
Japanese: その後、土方らは庄内藩に向かい、大鳥圭介ら旧幕臣の部隊は仙台に転戦したが、斎藤は会津に残留し、会津藩士とともに城外で新政府軍への抵抗を続けた。
English: After the Aizu domain surrendered on November 6, SAITO continued to fight, but eventually, an envoy sent from Ｋａｔａmori persuaded him to ｓｕｒｒｅｎｄｅｒ to the new government army.
Japanese: 9月22日に会津藩が降伏したあとも斎藤は戦い続け、容保が派遣した使者の説得を受け入れてやっと新政府軍に投降した。
English: After his surrender, he initially lived in suspension in Shiokawa in the former domain of Aizu, but later lived in Echigo-Joetsu City, along with feudal retainers of the Aizu domain who had been taken as prisoners.
Japanese: 降伏後は捕虜となった会津藩士とともに、はじめは旧会津藩領の塩川、のち越後上越市で謹慎生活を送った。
English: After the surrender, the Aizu domain fell subject to Kaieki (the samurai's forfeiture of rank and property), and the Matsudaira family became subject to Kamei-Danzetsu (forfeiture of the family name) but on November 3, 1869 was given the right to rebuild the family.
Japanese: 会津藩は降伏後改易され、松平家は家名断絶となったが、明治2年11月3日に再興を許された。
English: The chigyo (fief amount) was set at 30,000 koku in Mutsu Province, and the Matsudaira family was directed to choose either Inawashiro or Shimokita as the domain territory.
Japanese: 知行高は陸奥国内で3万石とされ、藩地は猪苗代か下北かを松平家側で選ぶこととされた。
English: The former domain's cadre, including Hiroshi YAMAKAWA, had been taken prisoner in Tokyo and chose Shimokita without consulting with the feudal retainers who were held in suspension at Takada.
Japanese: 東京で捕虜となっていた山川浩ら旧藩幹部は、高田で謹慎していた藩士らに諮ることなく下北を選択。
English: The Shinoda family was an important family able to be acknowledged from "Shoshi Keifu" (retainers' genealogies) and belongs to highly persons as feudal retainers of the Aizu domain.
Japanese: 篠田家は「諸士系譜」からも確認される名家で、会津藩士としては大身に属する。
English: SAITO was a member of Chu-Nibantai troops in Byakkotai suicide corps and was remotely related to Gisaburo SHINODA who committed a suicide in Mt. Iimori (Fukushima Prefecture).
Japanese: 白虎隊士中二番隊に属し、飯盛山(福島県)で自刃した篠田儀三郎とは遠縁にあたる。
English: Later, SAITO married Tokio TAKAGI with the support of Katamori as Ue-Nakodo (a go-between after the engagement) and Kambe SAGAWA and Heijiemon KURASAWA as Shita-Nakodo (a go-between from the marriage meeting to the engagement).
Japanese: のち、容保の上仲人、佐川官兵衛と倉沢平治右衛門の下仲人で高木時尾と結婚した。
English: SAITO and Tokio had three sons: Tsutomu, the eldest; Tsuyoshi, the second; and Tatsuo, the youngest son.
Japanese: 時尾とのあいだには、長男・勉、次男・剛、三男・龍雄の3人の息子が生まれた。
English: During the battle he suffered a gunshot, but he prevailed over the Satsuma warriors with his gifted sword technique and generalship.
Japanese: 抜刀斬り込みの際、銃撃戦で負傷するがその天才的な剣技と指揮力で、薩摩兵を圧倒。
English: He played an important role, as it was even reported in newspapers of those days that he had captured two big guns.
Japanese: 大砲2門を奪取するなど、当時の新聞に報道されるほどの活躍をしている。
English: In 1891, he retired from Keishi-cho and then worked as a security guard at Tokyo Higher Normal School, etc.
Japanese: 明治24年（1891年）、警視庁を退職し、その後は東京高等師範学校などに警備員として勤務した。
English: His school of swordsmanship is said to have been either the Itto-ryu school or the Mugai-ryu school, but the truth is not known.
Japanese: 剣の流派は一刀流とも無外流とも伝えられているが、確実なことは不明である。
English: He is described as left-handed in some of the fiction written by novelists, etc., in later years, but in the pictures produced by Nobori NAKAJIMA he was shown holding a sword in the same position as a right-handed person.
Japanese: 後世、小説家などの創作のなかで左利きとされているものもあるが、中島登の残した絵図の描写では、右利きの者と同じ位置で刀を構えている。
English: He used the name 'Hajime SAITO' from the relocation in Kyoto through the heyday of the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party.
Japanese: 「斎藤一」という名は、京都に移ってから新選組全盛期にかけてのものである。
English: According to legend, his first name "Hajime" originated from his birthday (January 1), but there is no historical basis for this assumption.
Japanese: 「一」の名は、彼の誕生日（1月1日）に由来するともいわれるが史料的根拠はない。
English: In 1862, he ran away to Kyoto since he was involved in a sword-cut incident in Edo, and changed his name to Hajime SAITO.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）、江戸で刃傷沙汰を起こして京都へ逃亡し、斎藤一と名を変えた。
English: He was registered as 'Goro FUJITA' in Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) in 1872.
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）の壬申戸籍には「藤田五郎」として登載されている。
English: While there is a theory that Hajime SAITO and Goro FUJITA were two distinct persons, currently the "different person story" is denied due to the findings that Goro FUJITA had signed invoices of government pension for his older blood brother, Hiroaki YAMAGUCHI, as his relative and that the writing of the 'Fujita Family's notes' belonging to Goro FUJITA's offspring started in the first year he identified himself as Hajime SAITO.
Japanese: 斎藤一と藤田五郎は別人であるとする説もあるが、実兄である山口廣明の恩給請求書に藤田五郎が親戚として署名していること、藤田五郎の子孫が所蔵する「藤田家文書」が斎藤一を名乗った時期から書きはじめられていることなどから、現在では別人説は否定されている。
English: Keisuke SANNAN (1833 - March 20, 1865) was the chief (vice chief) of Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 山南敬助（さんなんけいすけ、天保4年（1833年）-元治2年2月23日(旧暦)（1865年3月20日））は、新選組総長（副長）。
English: Another way of reading his last name was 'Yamanami,' but he signed his name as '三南 (Sannan)' and '三男 (Sannan),' so it was highly likely that his last name was pronounced 'Sannan.'
Japanese: 読みについては「やまなみ」という読みがあるが、本人の署名に「三南」「三男」などがあるため、さんなんの可能性のほうが高い。
English: It was supposed that he left the Sendai Domain and went to Edo, but his last name of '山南 (Sannan)' or '三南 (Sannan)' does not exist in Sendai, so this fact is unknown.
Japanese: 仙台藩を脱藩して、江戸に出たとされているが、仙台には山南もしくは三南という苗字はないため、確かな事は不明。
English: He challenged other schools of Tennenrishinryu Swordplay Shieikan of Isami KONDO and defeated the opposing Kondo.
Japanese: 近藤勇の天然理心流剣術道場試衛館に他流試合を挑み、相対した近藤に敗れる。
English: Toshizo HIJIKATA, Soji OKITA, and Shinpachi NAGAKURA joined the Shieikan who would later be the top officials in Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 試衛館には後の新選組幹部となる土方歳三や沖田総司、永倉新八らが集っていた。
English: In September 1861, he joined the nojiai (game) as the Red Army for Isami KONDO to announce the appointment of the fourth head of Tennenrishinryu.
Japanese: 文久元年（1860年）8月、府中六所宮で行われた近藤勇の天然理心流四代目就任披露の野試合に赤軍として参加。
English: In March 1863, he joined roshi-gumi (an organization of masterless samurai) that was suggested by Hachiro KIYOKAWA that aimed to protect the shogun and Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) with Kondo and others, and went to the capital to become a member of Mibu-Roshigumi (Mibu masterless warriors group).
Japanese: 文久3年2月、将軍警護と尊皇攘夷を目的とする清河八郎発案の浪士組に近藤等と参加、上洛し壬生浪士組の一員となる。
English: On May 13, he assassinated Yoshio TONOUCHI at Shijo-Ohashi Bridge with Kondo and Kamo SERIZAWA due to the hegemony dispute within the troops.
Japanese: 3月26日、隊内の覇権争いで殿内義雄を四条大橋で、近藤・芹沢鴨らとともに暗殺した。
English: In doing so, Mibu-Roshigumi, which gained the hegemony through an illicit union of Kondo's and Serizawa's group, placed Kondo and Serizawa as leaders and Sannan was appointed to be an assistant head (vice chief) with Toshizo HIJIKATA as a member of the Kondo group (Nishiki NIIMI from Serizawa group).
Japanese: こうして近藤派と芹沢派の野合による覇権となった壬生浪士組は、近藤、芹沢が局長となり、山南は近藤派として土方歳三とともに局長助（副長）に就任する（芹沢派からは新見錦）。
English: The roshi-gumi was formed with aims for Sonno Joi, but it was under the custody of the Aizu clan, so he devoted himself to cracking down on repined masterless samurai in Kyoto.
Japanese: 尊王攘夷を目的に結成された浪士組だが、会津藩預かりとなり京の不逞浪士取締りに専念。
English: Around August 1863, Sannan and Hijikata had a fierce battle against a few repined masterless samurai who intruded into a kimono fabrics dealer called 'Iwaki Shoya' and repelled them.
Japanese: 文久3年7月頃、山南は土方と共に呉服商「岩城升屋」に押し入った不逞浪士数名を激しい戦闘の末に撃退。
English: Sannan also joined a coup on September 30 and killed roshi (masterless samurai) from the Choshu group, who were hiding in Kyoto, with Hijikata two days later.
Japanese: 8月18日の政変にも山南は参加し、2日後京に潜伏する長州系浪士を土方らと斬っている。
English: In October 1863, he joined the assassination of Kamo SERIZAWA who had been feuding for a while.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）の9月、かねてより反目していた芹沢鴨らの暗殺に参加。
English: The roshi-gumi was unified by the Kondo group (Sieikanha group), and Sannan was appointed to the chief for the organizational restructuring and positioned himself between the leader Kondo and the vice chief Toshizo HIJIKATA.
Japanese: 浪士組は近藤派（試衛館派）によって統一され、組織再編で山南は総長に就任し、局長近藤、副長土方歳三の間に位置する立場となった。
English: Ito was Sannan's fellow from the Hokushin-Ittoryu Kobudo School, an extreme proponent of Sonno Joi, and educated person.
Japanese: 伊東は山南と同門の北辰一刀流で、熱烈な尊王攘夷論者、学識も高かった。
English: In March 1865, Sannan left a note saying 'I'm going to Edo' and escaped from Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 元治2年（1865年）2月、山南は「江戸へ行く」と置き手紙を残し、新選組を脱走。
English: Kondo and Hijikata sent Okita to chase him, and Sannan was was captured in Omi Province, Otsu City and brought back to the quarter.
Japanese: 近藤と土方は、沖田を追っ手として差し向け、近江国大津市で捕捉され、屯所に連れ戻された。
English: According to Kanefumi NISHIMURA, a valet of West Hongan-ji Temple, the issue of relocating the quarter is what drove Sannan into the corner.
Japanese: 西本願寺侍臣西村兼文によれば、山南を追い詰めたのは屯所移転問題だったとされる。
English: The reason was not only because Mibu was too cramped as the members grew in number, but also because West Hongan-ji Temple had strong loyalty to the Emperor and had close relationship with the Mori family of Choshu Domain.
Japanese: 隊士が増え手狭になったこともあるが、西本願寺は勤王の色濃く、長州藩毛利家と関係が親密な寺であったためである。
English: Sannan, who was high-spirited in his loyalty to the Emperor, strongly opposed it, but Kondo and Hijikata paid absolutely no attention to him.
Japanese: 勤王の志強い山南も強く反対したが、近藤、土方は全く取り合わなかった。
English: Sannan, angry that he was being ignored, finally decided to break away from Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 相手にされなかった事に山南は怒り、遂に新選組との決別を決意させたと言われている。
English: Some say that he had doubts on the way Shinsengumi was organized as what they actually did was oppress supporters when in fact it was meant to be organized for Sonno Joi.
Japanese: 脱走の背景に尊皇攘夷を目的に結成されながら、実際やっていることは志士の弾圧という新選組のありかたに疑問を感じていたとも言われる。
English: According to 'Roshi (masterless samurai) Bunkyu Era Patriotism Articles' (written by Shinpachi NAGAKURA) found in 1998, he stayed in the quarter on the day of security patrol on July 29, 1864 due to the illness.
Japanese: 平成10年に見つかった浪士文久報国記事（永倉新八手記）より、元治元年（1864年）6月26日の警備を病気の為に屯所に引き込んでいたという根拠がある。
English: Also, there is no statement about Sannan on the Kinmon Incident in the article, so some say that he suffered from illness.
Japanese: ならび禁門の変について山南の事が一切書かれていない為、病に悩んでいた説もある。
English: He was advised to escape again by a top official, Shinpachi NAGAKURA and Ito, who had a long lasting relationship since they met in Shieikan, but Sannan prepared himself for death.
Japanese: 試衛館以来の付き合いである幹部永倉新八や、伊東らに再度の脱走をすすめられるが、山南は死の覚悟を決めていた。
English: This sad story was told that through Nagakura's kind offices, Sannan's old friend, Tenjin (upper rank prostitute) Akesato in Shimabara, who came to see Sannan and bade him a last farewell (but there was no description of Akesato in Nagakura's journal 'Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki' and 'Roshi Bunkyu Era Patriotism Articles,' so it was highly likely that this was created by Kan SHIMOZAWA).
Japanese: 永倉の配慮によって、山南が馴染みにしていた島原の天神明里が死の間際の山南の元に駆けつけ今生の別れを告げたという哀話が伝わっている（その永倉の手記「新撰組顛末記」や「浪士文久報国記事」などには明里についての記述はなく、子母沢寛の創作という可能性が高いとされている）
English: Kondo praised his Seppuku as 'even Takuminokami ASANO couldn't die this beautifully.'
Japanese: その切腹を近藤が「浅野内匠頭でも、こうは見事にあい果てまい」と賞賛したという。
English: Keisuke SANNAN was adored in Shinsengumi, and even Toshizo HIJIKATA, who was famous for the devil vice chief, cried when Keisuke SANNAN committed Seppuku.
Japanese: 山南敬助は新選組の中でも慕われており、あの鬼の副長で有名な土方歳三でさえも山南敬助の切腹の際には、涙を流したといわれている。
English: Sannan was a kind-hearted person and was adored by women and children in Mibu area.
Japanese: 山南は、心優しい性格で壬生界隈では女性や子供達から慕われていたという。
English: There was a saying 'kind persons are Sannan and Chuji MATSUBARA' which was popular in the Mibu until the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 「親切者は山南、松原忠司」という言葉が壬生に明治初期まで残っていた。
English: According to "Shinsengumi Ibun (exceptional matters)," he had a good reputation among troops and in the Mibu area, unlike Kamo SERIZAWA.
Japanese: 『新選組遺聞』によれば「芹沢鴨などと違い、隊内の者にも、壬生界隈の人たちにも評判が良かった」とされる。
English: Even Kanefumi NISHIMURA, who was known for his sever criticism of Shinsengumi, called him 'a person who understands method of matters in some degree' in "Mibu Roshi Shimatsuki"
Japanese: 新選組に対する酷評で知られる西村兼文でさえ「少しく時理の弁（わきま）えある者」（「ちょっとは物事の筋道が解かる人」の意味。『壬生浪士始末記』）と評価している。
English: According to Tamesaburo YAGI who was a child of a house where the Shinsengumi was stationed, 'he was not so tall, had fair-skinned lovable face, liked kids and talked to them wherever he met them' (Rojin Mibu Banashi (the Aged Mibu Story) by Tamesaburo YAGI).
Japanese: 新選組が駐屯した家の子どもであった八木為三郎によれば「丈はあまり高くなく、色白の愛嬌のある顔」であり、「子どもが好きで、どこで逢ってもきっと何か声をかけた」（『八木為三郎老人壬生話』）という。
English: It seemed that when he left for the coup on September 30, while Kondo and Hijikata wrapped themselves up in Kacchu (armor and helmet), Sannan as the head did not receive Kacchu, so he was mad but Chuji MATSUBARA served as a buffer to ease his anger.
Japanese: 8月18日の政変に出隊する時、近藤や土方は甲冑に身を包んでいるのに総長である山南には甲冑が渡されず、怒ったが、松原忠司が間に入り山南をなだめたらしい。
English: In February 1864, while he was staying in Osaka to guard Iemochi TOKUGAWA, a few repined masterless samurai intruded into a kimono fabrics dealer called 'Iwaki Shoya,' and both Toshizo HIJIKATA and Sannan rushed to the scene and repelled them after a fierce battle.
Japanese: 元治元年1月、徳川家茂警護のため大阪滞在中、高麗橋そばの呉服商「岩城升屋」（岩木とも）に不逞浪士数名が押し入った際、土方歳三・山南両名が駆けつけて激しい戦闘の末に撃退した。
English: The sword (about 86.4cm) Sannan used in the incident was 'a work by Okimitsu SEKISHIN, the resident in Harima Province,' had a nicked edge, and was broken at about 33.3cm.
Japanese: 山南がこの事件で使っていた「播磨国住人赤心沖光作」銘の刀（2尺8寸5分＝約86.4cm）は、ひどく刃こぼれし切っ先から1尺1寸（約33.3cm）のところで折れた。
English: The impression (paper that traced a shape of sword like fish prints) of this sword was sent to Shikanosuke KOJIMA by Hijikata's own hands, and even today, you can still see it in Kojima Shiryokan (Museum) (but the exhibit is a copy).
Japanese: この刀の押し型（魚拓の様に、刀の形を紙に写し取ったもの）が土方の手で小島鹿之助に送られ、現在も小島資料館にて見ることが出来る（但し、展示品は模写）。
English: According to "Ishin Shiseki Zusetsu (Restoration Historical Sites Book)," Sannan injured his left arm in this incident, and one theory was that his arm became crippled due to this injury, so he reconciled himself to be rusui (a person representing the master during his absence) during the Ikedaya Incident, and losing his footing as samurai and having a different opinion from Kondo's and Hijikata's served to facilitate his escape from the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 『維新史蹟図説』によればこの事件で山南は左腕を負傷したとされ、一説にはこのときの傷が元で片腕が不自由となったために池田屋事件にも留守居に甘んじるなど、武士としての立場を失ったことと近藤や土方とのすれ違いとが相まって、脱走の原因になったのではないかとも言われている。
English: On the other hand, there was another theory that he only stayed as the head of a left-behind team to prepare for the attack on the quarter of roshi in Nagato Province during the Ikedaya Incident.
Japanese: しかし一方で、池田屋事件では長門国浪士の屯所襲撃に備えて、残留組の最高責任者として残っただけとする説もある。
English: In addition, on the Iwaki Masuya Incident, one theory said that the incident occurred around August 1863 and another theory said that only Sannan rushed to the scene.
Japanese: なお岩城升屋事件においては、その発生時期を文久3年7月頃とする説や、駆けつけた隊士が山南1人であったとする説もある。
English: In 2004, in the NHK Historical drama 'Shinsengumi!!' written by Koki Mitani, when Masato SAKAI, who was not very well known at that time, was hired to play the Keisuke SANNAN role, both Sakai and Sannan exploded in popularity.
Japanese: 2004年、NHK大河ドラマで三谷幸喜脚本の「新選組!」で、当時それほど知名度がなかった堺雅人が山南敬助役に起用されると、堺の人気とともに山南人気が爆発した。
English: When he played the Sannan role, Sakai said that the smile he frequently showed was originally a smile to look down on the Tennenrishinryu group but gradually changed to become a caring smile, and this smile emphasized his benign image.
Japanese: 山南役の演技の際、度々見せる笑顔は元々天然理心流一派を見下すような笑顔だったのだが次第に見守るような笑顔に変わっていったと本人も語っており、この笑顔は温厚なイメージを際立たせるものとなった。
English: NHK rebroadcasted (re-rebroadcasted to be exact) episode 33 'Friend's death' where Sannan committed Seppuku, entitled 'encore of 2004' after all episodes and omnibus were broadcast at the end of 2004.
Japanese: NHKは、2004年の年末、全話が終了し、総集編を放送したのち、山南が切腹する第33回「友の死」を「2004年アンコール」と題して再放送した（正確にいえば、再々放送）。
English: It was extremely rare for only one episode out of 49 episodes to be rebroadcast, and this 'Friend's death' had the most response from the audience in the 'Shinsengumi!' and it was said that some enthusiastic fans sent letters saying 'please do not kill Sannan-san.'
Japanese: 全49話の大河ドラマ中の1話のみを再放送という極めて異例であり、この「友の死」は「新選組!」の中でも一番反響があり､一部の熱狂的なファンからは｢山南さんを殺さないで下さい｣と書かれた手紙も送られたといわれている。
English: (It seemed an impossible request on first glance, but on the other hand, Kenji NOGUCHI and a few others survived in 'Shinsengumi!' while they had been in fact killed historically. There was a precedent of Tokisuke HOJO in "Tokumune HOJO (NHK Historical drama)".)
Japanese: （一見無理な要求のようだが、史実では命を落とす隊士のうち野口健司など数名が「新選組!」では生き残っている。また「北条時宗(NHK大河ドラマ)」にも北条時輔という前例がある）。
English: With the popularity of 'Shinsengumi!,' there was an explosive increase in the number of tourists visiting Koen-ji Temple where Sannan buried, former Maekawa residence, and Mibu-dera Temple.
Japanese: 「新選組!」人気から、埋葬された光縁寺や旧前川邸、壬生寺などに観光客が爆発的に増えた。
English: On March 11, 2007 when the tourists calmed down, 'Sannan-ki (memorial service for Sannan)' was held to mourn Keisuke SANNAN in the neighborhood of the former Maekawa residence, and a memorial event was held where offering of incense was made in the room where Keisuke SANNAN committed Seppuku.
Japanese: それら人手も落ち着いた2007年の3月11日、旧前川邸界隈にて山南敬助を弔う「山南忌」が行われ、山南敬助が切腹した一室での焼香などの記念行事が催された。
English: Incidentally, the festival to mourn an individual member of Shinsengumi was only fconducted for the five members of sami KONDO, Toshizo HIJIKATA, Soji OKITA, Hajime SAITO, and Keisuke SANNAN.
Japanese: ちなみに新選組隊士個人を弔う祭りを開催しているのは近藤勇・土方歳三・沖田総司・斎藤一に次いで、5人目である。
English: Morichika CHOSOKABE was a daimyo and busho (Japanese military commander) in Tosa Province who lived from the Azuchi Momoyama Period to the beginning of the Edo Period.
Japanese: 長宗我部盛親（ちょうそかべもりちか）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期の土佐国の大名・武将。
English: In 1575, he was born as the fourth son of Motochika CHOSOKABE, who was famous as a supreme ruler of Shikoku.
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）、四国の覇者として名高かった長宗我部元親の四男に生まれる。
English: After his eldest brother Nobuchika CHSOKABE died in the Battle of Hetsugi-gawa River in 1586, he was obliged to contest the inheritance of the position as a family head with a group that proposed his elder brother, Chikakazu KAGAWA or Chikatada TSUNO.
Japanese: 天正14年（1586年）の戸次川の戦いで長兄の長宗我部信親が戦死すると、兄の香川親和や津野親忠を推す一派と家督相続をめぐって争うことになる。
English: Thanks to his father's strong backing, he was appointed to the heir in 1588.
Japanese: 父の強硬な後押しがあり、天正16年（1588年）に世子に指名された。
English: Starting with Chikazane KIRA, many people were against this succession to the position of the family head, but Motochika punished all of them.
Japanese: このときの家督相続には吉良親実をはじめとして反対する者が少なくなかったが、元親はそれらを全て処断している。
English: The reason why Motochika appointed Chikumamaru, who was an infant, to the heir was that Chikakazu and Chikatada had already succeeded other family lines and that, above all, age differences between two elder sons and Nobuchika's daughter whom Motochika doted were too great to get married.
Japanese: さらに元親が幼少である千熊丸を世子に指名した理由は、親和と親忠は他の家系をすでに継いでいたことと、なによりも溺愛していた信親の娘を娶わせるには、上の2人では年齢差がありすぎたためともされている。
English: When he celebrated his coming of age, eboshioya (a person who put on an eboshi in the event of a genpuku ceremony) was Nagamori MASUDA, who was a key vassal of the Toyotomi clan and he was given the character '盛 (mori)' and used the name of Morichika.
Japanese: 元服のときは、豊臣氏の重臣・増田長盛を烏帽子親として「盛」の一字を授かって盛親と名乗った。