nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In relation to sex-linked inheritance, many of the cats with larger area of a white coat are females and those with colors other than white are males.
Japanese: 伴性遺伝の関係で、白い面積の多いネコはメスが多く白以外の色のネコはオスが多い。
English: In Japan which was an island separated from the continent since about ten thousand years ago, cats (domestic cats) originally did not exist.
Japanese: 1万年ほど昔から大陸から切り離された列島であった日本には、元来ネコ（イエネコ）が存在していなかった。
English: There is a legend that the beginning of Japanese cats was the ones imported around the Nara period from Chinese history as beneficial cats to protect important documents including sutras from rats, but there is a possibility that they had existed since before the birth of Christ partially because there is a specimen discovered from the Karakami remains of the Yayoi period (250 B.C.– 250 A.D.).
Japanese: 奈良時代ごろに、経典などの大事な書物をネズミから守る益獣として、中国の歴史から輸入された事が、日本猫の始まりと言う伝説があるが、弥生時代のカラカミ遺跡からの発見例もあり、紀元前から存在していた可能性がある。
English: In the Heian period they appeared in various waka (Japanese poems) and narratives, which implies that they were good friends of people.
Japanese: 平安時代にはさまざまな和歌や物語に登場し、人々に親しまれていたことが窺われる。
English: As cats were brought into Japan on each occasion of trades with China, there seemed to be some changes, but judging from the fact that there were also some trades with Southeast Asia including Siam (Kingdom of Thailand) during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), it is considered to have another relation with the cats of these areas.
Japanese: その後も、中国と交易するたびにネコが日本を訪れたため、いくらかの変遷があったと思われるが、戦国時代(日本)にシャム（タイ王国）などの東南アジアとも交易したことから、これらのネコとも関係ができたと思われる。
English: A wooden prayer board of 'Sleeping Cat' (attributed: carved by Jingoro HIDARI) of Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine is a good example to show what Japanese cats were like.
Japanese: 日光東照宮の「眠り猫」（伝・左甚五郎作）は、日本猫の姿をよくあらわす好例といえよう。
English: Since they were imported to Japan they were used as beneficial animals rather than pets, so they more often spent outside than were kept inside houses.
Japanese: 日本に輸入されて以来、愛玩用というよりも益獣として用いられたため、家で飼われるより、外で暮らすことが多かった。
English: As they get rid of rats, they spread as alley cats throughout the country without being hated by citizens.
Japanese: ネズミを駆除するので、市民からも嫌がられることもなく、野良猫として全国に広がった。
English: Blue eyes and Kinme Ginme (literally, a golden eye and a silver eye) (odd-eyed [cat]) in which the color of the right eye and the left eye is different are sometimes seen.
Japanese: 青い目や左右で目色の異なる金目銀目（オッドアイ(ネコ)）が時折見られる
English: After the Meiji period Western breeds that came with civilization and enlightenment became popular, and combined with peculiarity of cats that were kept outside and naturally crossbred as well as development of mating between these cats and Japanese cats caused hybrids to increase.
Japanese: 明治時代以降、文明開化と共にやって来た西洋種がもてはやされ、戸外で飼われ自然に交雑するネコの特性とも相まって、これらのネコと日本猫の交配が進んだ結果、雑種が増えた。
English: It was after the Pacific War that this trend occurred most eminently, when ordinary citizens were allowed to keep (buy) pets easily and many exotic breeds came to be kept in Japan.
Japanese: この傾向が最も激しく起こったのは太平洋戦争後で、一般市民が手軽にペットを飼う（買う）ことができるようになり、外来種が多く日本で飼われるようになった。
English: Since Japanese cats had close contact with the Japanese as alley cats, it is considered as a background that they were difficult to be recognized as "a breed".
Japanese: 日本猫は野良猫として日本人と密接に関わっていたため、日本猫が『種』として認識されにくかったことが背景として考えられる。
English: Present alley cats, under above-mentioned circumstances, in urban areas and residential neighborhood, have mostly become hybrids.
Japanese: 現在の野良猫は、上記のような状況で、都市部や住宅街では、そのほとんどが雑種となってしまった。
English: Original Japanese cats have survived as alley cats which live in countryside less influenced by exotic breeds, or as pets kept by some cat lovers.
Japanese: 本来の日本猫は、外来種の影響の少ない地方の野良猫や、一部の愛猫家によって飼育されているだけである。
English: And in America and Europe, a breed of the Japanese bob-tailed cat which was improved and established in America as a pure strain from the bob-tailed Japanese cat is gaining quiet popularity among cat lovers.
Japanese: また、アメリカやヨーロッパでは、尾の短い日本猫を原種としてアメリカで改良・固定されたジャパニーズボブテイルという品種が、愛猫家の間で密かな流行を呼んでいる。
English: On the contrary, an example of Japanese cats being brought out includes that, when people moved from the main land to Okinawa or Amami-oshima island where cats had not existed, they took cats with them, and as a result, some of them became alley cats there and spoilt rare native wildlife including Okinawa rails by eating them, which has been at issue.
Japanese: 逆に日本猫が持ち出された例として、ネコの存在しなかった沖縄や奄美大島などに人々が本土から移住した際に、一緒に猫を連れて行ったため、この地でノネコとなったものが、ヤンバルクイナなど固有の希少動物を食い荒らし、問題となっている。
English: Doburoku (Dakushu) is a kind of sake produced by adding yeasts remaining in malted rice, sake lee and the like and other ingredients to steamed rice.
Japanese: どぶろく（濁酒）とは炊いた米に米麹や酒粕等に残る酵母などを加えて作る酒である。
English: Although you can make Doburoku, which is called Dakushu in Japan under the Liquor Tax Act, using very simple tools at home, if you make it without permission, you will be charged with violating the Liquor Tax Act.
Japanese: 非常に簡単な道具を用いて家庭で作る事も可能だが、日本では酒税法において濁酒（だくしゅ）と呼び、許可無く作ると酒税法違反に問われる事になる。
English: Doburoku is said to be the simplest form of alcohol beverages using rice and is close to nigori-zake that can be purchased at ordinary liquor shops.
Japanese: この酒は米を使った酒類では最も素朴な形態の物と言われ、一般の酒店でも購入可能な濁り酒に近い。
English: It is possible to make Seishu (refined sake) by filtering it after precipitation, but Doburoku is drunken before it becomes Seishu.
Japanese: これを沈殿ろ過する事で清酒を作る事も可能だが、清酒になる程には漉さずに飲むする。
English: As Doburoku is filtered less than Seishu, it has a soft sweet flavor with starch contained in unfermented rice and sugars converted by starch.
Japanese: 清酒に比べ濾過が不十分であるため、未発酵の米に含まれるデンプンや、澱粉が分解した糖により、ほんのり甘い風味である。
English: People are tempted to drink too much of it because of its smoothness and become sick as it contains 14 to 17 percent alcohol, which is equal to Seishu.
Japanese: アルコール度は清酒と同程度の14～17度にもなるため、口当たりのよさがあだとなってつい飲み過ごして悪酔いしやすい。
English: It is said that before the Heian period, unrefined sake with moromi (raw unrefined sake) made from rice had been called Dakuro and it changed to present-day Doburoku by regional accents.
Japanese: 平安時代以前から米で作る醪の混じった状態の濁酒のことを濁醪（だくらう）と呼んでいたのが訛って、今日のどぶろくになったと言われる。
English: There are various theories about the origin of Doburoku: a theory that it was brought from China with the direct transmission of the rice-producing culture from the Yangtze River/the Yellow River region (around 3,000 B.C.), a theory of spontaneous generation by natural fermentation and other theories.
Japanese: どぶろくの起源についても諸説あり、中国の長江/黄河流域の稲作文化の直接伝播（紀元前3千年紀ごろ）に伴って伝わったという説や自然発酵による独自の発生説など諸説ある。
English: Any way, it is described in Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in "The History of the Wei Dynasty") that Wajin (Japanese people) enjoy drinking and Doburoku has a long history.
Japanese: どちらにせよ、3世紀後半の魏志倭人伝には倭人は酒を嗜むといった記述があり、どぶろくの歴史は長い。
English: Although there are descriptions on the Internet that Japanese Doburoku and sake were derived from makgeolli, as they use different malts (makgeolli uses malt and Doburoku uses malted rice), a prevailing view is that they are different lines of sake, which went through different histories and developments in zymurgy.
Japanese: なお、マッコリを日本のどぶろくや日本酒のルーツとする記載がネット上で散見されるが、そもそも使用する麹が異なっている（マッコリは麦麹、どぶろくは米麹）ので、両者は醸造学的に異なる歴史を歩み発展した別系統の酒であるとする見解がほとんどである。
English: According to the recent theory, whereas the rice cropping was introduced via the northern route to the Korean Peninsula around B.C. 2,000, it was introduced via the southern route to Japan around B.C. 3,500, and if this is true, they can be said to be different things.
Japanese: 最近の説では、稲作の伝播が朝鮮半島では北方を伝わって紀元前2千年紀頃であるのに対して日本への伝播時期が南方を通じて紀元前3500年頃であるというものもあり、だとすれば一層両者は別個の物と言える。
English: Since it is illegal (violating the Liquor Tax Act) to make Doburoku at home, though easy-to-make, Doburoku is also used as another name of bootleg.
Japanese: 家庭でも簡単に作る事ができるが、違法行為（酒税法違反）であるため、転じて密造酒の別名としてこの言葉が用いられる事もある。
English: Accordingly, Doburoku is often expressed in jargon, such as Dobu, Shirouma and the name, 溷六 (Doburoku or Zuburoku) remains in some regions.
Japanese: この事から隠語で呼ばれる事も多くどぶや白馬（しろうま）、溷六（どぶろくまたはずぶろく）といった呼び方も地方によっては残されている。
English: The term 溷六 also means a drunken man in acute alcohol poisoning.
Japanese: なお溷六と書くと、急性アルコール中毒状態にある酔っ払いの事を指す別の言葉にもなる。
English: It is said that in Japan, the origin of the history of Doburoku production is almost the same as that of rice production, but the production of Doburoku, which used to be made in farm houses, etc. for personal consumption, was forbidden by the Liquor Tax Act as a factor for reducing brewery tax (liquor tax before 1940) revenues, which were major tax revenues for the government in the Meiji period and is still forbidden to the present date.
Japanese: 日本におけるどぶろく作りの歴史は米作とほぼ同起源であると云われるが、明治時代においては政府の主要な税収源であった酒造税（1940年以後、酒税）の収入を減らす要因であるとして、農家などで自家生産・自家消費されていたどぶろく作りが酒税法により禁止され、現在に至っている。
English: However, some people say that as it is very difficult to detect illicit production of Doburoku, which was a bootleg easily produced at home, a considerable amount of Doburoku was produced and consumed on a daily basis in rice producing regions, farming villages with few liquor retail stores, etc.
Japanese: しかし家庭内で作る事のできる密造酒でもあるため摘発は非常に難しく、米どころと呼ばれる地域や、酒を取り扱う商店等の少ない農村などで、相当量が日常的に作られ消費されていたとする話もある。
English: Rather, it is believed that this prohibition was actually a kind of protection measures for brewers who insisted that they were overburdened by the repeated large hikes in liquor tax during the Sino-Japanese War/the Russo-Japanese War in order to make them accept the tax increases.
Japanese: むしろ、実際の禁止理由は日清戦争・日露戦争で酒税の大増税を繰り返した際にその負担に耐え切れないとする醸造業者に増税を許容してもらうための一種の保護策であったと考えられている。
English: Although there is a partial move to lift the ban on making Doburoku only for personal production/consumption, it is long way to the lifting of the ban at present.
Japanese: 一部では自家生産・自家消費に限ってどぶろく作りを解禁しようという動きもあるものの、解禁には程遠いのが現状である。
English: According to the punitive clauses of the Liquor Tax Act, penalty for only making Doburoku at home is a maximum of five-year imprisonment or a fine of up to \5,000.
Japanese: なお、酒税法上の罰則規定に拠れば、製造するだけでも5年以下の懲役または50万円以下の罰金となっている。
English: However, in Japan, some regions still have an ancient tradition of making and offering Doburoku together with harvested rice to the Shinto gods, praying for good harvests in the next year, and even today, this custom is practiced at Doburoku Festivals held in various regions in Japan.
Japanese: だが、日本では古来より、収穫された米を神道に捧げる際に、このどぶろくを作って供える事で、来期の豊穣を祈願する伝統を残す地域があり、この風習は現代でも日本各地のどぶろく祭等により伝えられている。
English: Accordingly, by obtaining permission, people can escape from being punished for making and drinking Doburoku at a religious ceremony under the aforementioned Liquor Tax Act (however, subject to liquor tax).
Japanese: このため宗教的行事におけるどぶろくの製造と飲用は、許可を受ければ前出の酒税法罰則適用外（酒税は課税される）となる。
English: There is also a persistent view that people should be allowed to make liquors freely at home as long as they fill out an income-tax return and only liquor tax evasion should be controlled, since sake brewing is only restricted for tax reasons and income tax payment is made by declaration.
Japanese: また酒造の制限は税制上の理由であり、所得税などは申告税制になっていることから家庭内酒造についても申告納税さえすれば自由に認めるべきであり、脱税酒についてのみ取締りをするべきであるという根強い意見もある。
English: *Even if you produce Doburoku at home for personal consumption, you may be punished under the Liquor Tax Act.
Japanese: ※家庭で製造・自家消費する場合でも、酒税法により処罰される可能性があります
English: Leave it for three days or so and when it gives off a sweet-and-sour smell, separate the water (bodaimoto sake mash) from the rice and steam the rice.
Japanese: 三日程度置き、甘酸っぱい香りがしてきたら、水（菩提酛）と米を分け、米を蒸す
English: After cooling down the steamed rice to about 30 degrees, mix malted rice and add the bodaimoto sake mash and water (first addition)
Japanese: 蒸した米を30度程度に冷やしてから米麹を混ぜ、取り置いた菩提酛と水を加える（初添え）
English: Stir it once a day and ferment it for one or two weeks, then strain it through a cloth and done.
Japanese: 一日一回かき混ぜ、一、二週間発酵させた後、布巾などで漉して出来上がり
English: Lactic acid generated from lactobacillus suppresses the development of bacteria, and sugar generated by the degrading enzyme of rice malt is degraded by yeast into alcohol (brewage).
Japanese: 乳酸菌の生成する乳酸が雑菌の発生を抑え、麹の分解酵素により生成された糖を酵母が分解しアルコールが生成される（醸造酒）。
English: By adding the rice and rice malt in several batches, curb the influence of high sugar and alcohol contents on yeast, enabling the production of high alcohol sake (brewage).
Japanese: また、米・麹の投入を複数回に分けることにより、糖度及びアルコール度数の高さによる酵母への影響を抑えて、度数の高い酒の製造を可能にしている（醸造酒）。
English: In some regions, yeast or a small amount of yogurt is added to accelerate stable fermentation.
Japanese: 一部では、発酵を安定促進させるために酵母を加えたり、少量のヨーグルトを加える事もある。
English: As it forms carbon dioxide during the fermentation, it is necessary to sometimes remove gas from a closed vessel and a container with pressure resistance is desirable.
Japanese: なお発酵途中には二酸化炭素が発生するため、密閉容器で作る場合は時折ガス抜きするにしても耐圧性のある容器が望ましい。
English: Water that has been boiled and cooled down or well water (or mineral water) is used.
Japanese: 使用する水は一度沸騰させた湯冷ましか井戸水（ミネラルウォーターも可）を使用する。
English: It is said that it is difficult to store because it is pure sake which has not been heat sterilized; unless it is refrigerated after filtering moromi and consumed fairly soon, it will begin to develop bacteria in short order.
Japanese: 加熱殺菌処理されていない生酒であるため、保存は難しいとされ、もろみを濾した後は冷蔵し、早めに消費しないと、雑菌が繁殖するなど、すぐ飲用に適さない状態になると言われている。
English: Filtered Doburoku is sometimes precipitated for a while and is divided into a supernatant and a clear middle portion, and it is said that the more transparent the supernatant is, the better the quality is.
Japanese: なお、濾した物を暫く沈殿させ、上澄み、中澄みと分けてくみ取る場合があり、上澄みで透明感があるほど良いともいわれている。
English: There are many regions where Doburoku is produced at a festival for agricultural fertility or as a regional specialty throughout the country.
Japanese: 豊穣祈願などの祭や地域産品としてのどぶろくを製造する地域は日本各地に存在する。
English: For regional development, designated structural reform districts were established by the government's structural reform in 2002, and the production of Doburoku and its sale is allowed only for consumption on the spot, such as restaurants and minsyuku (private home that runs inn providing room and board), within the districts (commonly called the special zone of Doburoku).
Japanese: このようなどぶろく作りでは、地域振興の関係から、2002年の行政構造改革によって、構造改革特別区域が設けられ、同特別区内でのどぶろく製造と、飲食店や民宿等で、その場で消費される場合に限り、販売も許可されている（通称「どぶろく特区」と呼ばれる）。た。
English: However, as the 'sale of Doburoku as a specialty', which is to take Doburoku out of the designated districts, is subject to the Liquor Tax Act, licenses to manufacture and sell alcoholic beverages are required.
Japanese: しかし同特別区外へ持ち出す事になる「特産品としての販売」に関しては、酒税法が適用されるため、酒類製造と販売の許可が必要となる。
English: Actually, it only abolished the minimum annual brewing amount of six kilolitres (about 3.326 1.8 liter bottles) and examinations specified in the Liquor Tax Act, such as testing of alcohol content, have not changed so much.
Japanese: また、実際には酒税法にて最低醸造量として定められている年間6キロリットル（一升瓶にして約3,326本）という制限を撤廃したのみで、アルコール度数の検査等々、酒税法に記される検査はあまり変わっていない。
English: The regions designated as special zones of Doburoku are divided into two types: regions where Doburoku is produced mainly for use at festivals and other events and regions, like Ide Town, Yamagata Prefecture, where Doburoku is consumed in specific locations.
Japanese: なお、どぶろく特区となっている地域は、以下列記しているように主に祭などのいわゆる行事に使う目的で製造している地域と、山形県飯豊町のように特定の箇所で常飲させる地域に分けることができると考えられる。
English: Also, some people think that such special zones of Doburoku have problems and some say that the special zones of Doburoku are immature for the following reasons:
Japanese: また、このどぶろく特区には課題があると考える人もおり、以下の理由から特区として未成熟であるという意見もある。
English: As for the production and personal consumption of Doburoku, commonly called Doburoku Trial held by Toshihiko MAEDA (activist in a social movement), who is a writer of "Let's Make Doburoku" (Rural Culture Association Japan) is well known.
Japanese: どぶろくの製造と自家消費に関しては、『ドブロクをつくろう』（農文協）の著者である前田俊彦が興した、通称どぶろく裁判が知られている。
English: This Trial argued the rights and wrongs of in-house production/consumption of Doburoku, which is (insisted as) one of food cultures, in constitutionally-guaranteed right to pursue happiness, and highlighted the Maeda' claim that 'various restrictions in the Liquor Tax Act actually favor only alcoholic liquor manufacturers with large capital that can possess equipment enabling large-scale production and prevent the development of small-scale alcoholic liquor manufacturers.'
Japanese: 裁判では、食文化の一つである（と主張する）どぶろくを、憲法で保障された人権における幸福追求権において、自家生産・自家消費する事の是非に始まって、「酒税法上で設けられた様々な制限が、事実上において大量生産が可能な設備を保有できる大資本による酒類製造のみを優遇し、小規模の酒類製造業が育たないようにしている」という前田側の主張がクローズアップされている。
English: The case went to the Supreme Court, and on December 14, 1989, it was decided that 'whatever the production reason may be, the prohibition of in-house production is under administrative discretion in order to secure tax revenue,' and Maeda was convicted as the constitutionality of the Liquor Tax Act was confirmed.
Japanese: 同裁判は最高裁判所にまで持ち込まれ、1989年12月14日に「製造理由の如何を問わず、自家生産の禁止は、税収確保の見地より行政の裁量内にある」として、酒税法の合憲判断と前田の有罪判決が出た。
English: On March 3, 353 (in the lunar calendar), the Kyokusui no Utage (a poetry-making party at the stream in a garden) was held at the Rantei and a draft of a preface for a collection of poems created at that time was the Ranteijo.
Japanese: 353年（永和(東晋)9年）3月3日(旧暦)、蘭亭に会して曲水の宴が開かれ、その時に作られた詩集の序文の草稿が蘭亭序である。
English: It is said that Wang Xi-Zhi was drunk when he wrote it and, although he tried to rewrite it again and again later than that, he couldn't improve it any better.
Japanese: 王羲之はこれを書いたときに酔っていたと言われ、後に何度も清書をしようと試みたが、草稿以上の出来栄えにならなかったと言い伝えられている。
English: Cho Suiryo in Tang authenticated the Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy and wrote a note, 'In 1383, 28 lines, the Ranteijo' in the first part of the gyosho (a style of handwriting) in the "Shinnyugun Ougishi Shomoku."
Japanese: 王羲之の書の真偽鑑定を行った唐の褚遂良は『晋右軍王羲之書目』において行書の第一番に「永和九年　二八行　蘭亭序」と掲載している。
English: The "Ranteiki" written by 何延之 in Tang says that Taiso (Tang tai zong), who was known as a noshoka (master of calligraphy) and loved Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy so much, collected all of his works except for the Ranteijo, and ordered his vassal to steal it from Bensai, who was a disciple of Wang Xi-Zhi's descendant priest CHI Ei, as a last resort and buried it in his own imperial mausoleum Shoryo (Tang) and other Wang Xi-Zhi's works.
Japanese: 自らが能書家としても知られる唐の太宗(唐)が王羲之の書道を愛し、その殆ど全てを集めたが、蘭亭序だけは手に入らず、最後には家臣に命じて、王羲之の子孫にあたる僧の智永の弟子である弁才の手から騙し取らせ、自らの陵墓である昭陵(唐)に他の作品とともに副葬させた話は、唐の何延之の『蘭亭記』に載っている。
English: However, there are some examples of handwriting and engraving that skilled calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty period are said to have written following the model by Taiso's order.
Japanese: しかし、太宗の命により唐代の能筆が臨摸したと伝えられる墨跡や模刻が伝えられている。
English: Among these handwritings, the following three copied books collected by Chien Lung of Qing are famous (possessed by the Palace Museum in Beijing).
Japanese: 墨跡では清の乾隆帝が蒐集した三点の模写本が有名である（北京故宮博物院所蔵）。
English: Despite the fact that it is a seemingly unclear copy with no outpouring of vitality perceived from the writing and with many parts added with ink later, Yasushi NISHIKAWA evaluated it as the closest sokotenbokuhon (copy of handwriting) to Wang Xi-Zhi's Shinseki.
Japanese: 墨気が抜けたうえに入墨も多く一見不鮮明であるが、西川寧は、王羲之の真跡に最も近い双鉤填墨本であると評価している。
English: The Hacchu-daiini-bon, which used to be considered by some to be written by Cho Suiryo following the model, is currently presumed to have been written by an unknown person during the period of Baisong Dynasty following the model.
Japanese: 八柱第二本は褚遂良の臨摸ともされていたが、現在は北宋の無名の人の臨摸と推測されている。
English: This book is characteristically sharp and clear in handwriting, and it is often introduced in high school textbooks, etc., but conversely this style is sometimes pointed out to be unnatural.
Japanese: 筆路が鮮明であるのが特徴的で、高校の教科書などで紹介されることが多いが、逆にそれが不自然過ぎると指摘されることもある。
English: Since the half part of the mark 'Shinryu' (Tang), which was used for a tally impression, remains on one of its edges, it is also called the Shinryuhanin-bon (Copybook of calligraphy with the half seal of the God and Dragon).
Japanese: 割り印として使われた「神龍(唐)」の印が、端に半分残っているので神龍半印本ともいわれる。
English: The Teibu-bon, on which a stone monument was found in Teibu County between the period of Five Dynasties and the period of Baisong Dynasty, has been valued the most since old times among all the rubbed copies produced using the Ranteijo engraved on slates or wooden boards.
Japanese: 石板や木板に蘭亭序を模刻し、それから制作された拓本のなかで、古来最も貴ばれたものは、五代～北宋時代初期に碑石が定武郡で発見された定武本である。
English: Other than that, the Chokinkaido-bon and the Shinryuhanin-bon are famous and often used as a model.
Japanese: その他に張金界奴本と神龍半印本が有名であり、手本としてよく用いられる。
English: The Chokinkaido-bon, which used Hacchu-daiichi-bon as the original, is peaceful in handwriting, and it was valued more highly than the Shinryuhanin-bon.
Japanese: 張金界奴本は八柱第一本を原本とし、穏やかな書風で神龍半印本よりも評価が高い。
English: The Shinryuhanin-bon has the Hacchu-daiisan-bon as its original and is said to have more natural touch than the handwriting.
Japanese: 神龍半印本は八柱第三本を基とするが、筆意が墨跡より自然であるといわれる。
English: However, the character '叙' does not have to be used consciously; it was spread since Su Shi used it to avoid using '序' which was also his grandfather's name.
Japanese: が、これは蘇軾が祖父の名前「序」を避けて以来広まったのであり、あえて「叙」と表す必要はない。
English: Although an opinion that the Ranteijo was counterfeit was expressed by Guo Moruo (1892-1978) right before the Cultural Revolution (the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution) and caused a great sensation, it has little support today.
Japanese: また、郭沫若（1892年-1978年）が文化大革命直前に発表した蘭亭序偽作説は一大センセーションを巻き起こしたが、現在その説は殆ど支持されていない。
English: Kabuki ie no gei is a program list that is especially selected by the influential members of kabuki actors as the specialty pieces of their kabuki schools.
Japanese: 歌舞伎の家の芸（かぶきのいえのげい）では、歌舞伎役者の権門が家の芸として特に定めた演目集をあげる。
English: Kabuki Juhachiban refers to performances selected by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the seventh), that are specialties of his kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) school.
Japanese: 歌舞伎十八番（かぶきじゅうはちばん）とは、市川團十郎(7代目)が選定した家の芸。
English: When he let his eldest son succeed to the professional name of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the eighth) he succeeded to the professional name of Ebizo ICHIKAWA.
Japanese: そして、長男に市川團十郎(8代目)を襲名させて自らは市川海老蔵をと襲名した。
English: In both cases, they are performance numbers that are sure to be successful with Danjuro as the leading male actor, and the first performance was put on by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the first), Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the second) and Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the fourth).
Japanese: いずれも市川團十郎(初代)・市川團十郎(2代目)・市川團十郎(4代目)の團十郎によって初演された立役の当たり芸である。
English: Someone's specialty is called 'ohako' (a box), and it is written in Chinese characters as 'juhachiban' (number eighteen).
Japanese: なお、ある者が最も得意とする芸のことを「おはこ」というが、これを「十八番」と書く。
English: This term originates in the Ichikawa family because they placed the scripts of Kabuki Juhachiban in a box and kept the box in a safe place.
Japanese: これは、市川家ではこの歌舞伎十八番の台本を箱に入れて大切に保管していたことがその由来となっている。
English: Suppon is a stage setting for an actor to make a stage appearance from the trap cellar, and it is located on the hanamichi (an elevated runway) in kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) theater.
Japanese: すっぽんとは、歌舞伎などの劇場にある花道上に、舞台下の奈落から、役者が登場してくるためにある舞台装置のことである。
English: Kiseru is one of Japanese smoking tools and similar to a Western pipe (tobacco).
Japanese: 煙管（きせる）は、日本の喫煙道具の一種で、西洋のパイプ(タバコ)に類似する。
English: It is assumed that kiseru is a corrupted form of the Khmer word, 'ksher' although there are different speculations on the origin of the word.
Japanese: 語源については異説もあるが、カンボジア語で管を意味する「クセル」が、なまったものとされる。
English: However, the Khmer word, 'ksher' means only a pipe to smoke tobacco and therefore, it might be better to think that the word, 'kiseru' is a derivative word of 'ksher' or was derived from the original word of the kiseru.
Japanese: しかし、カンボジア語の「クセル」には、たばこを喫煙する管という意味しかなく、「キセル」もしくはキセルの語源となった言葉からの派生と考えたほうがよいかもしれない。
English: The Portuguese word, "sorver" and the Spanish word, "sorber" have been newly suggested as the possible origin of the word.
Japanese: 新たに提起されている語源として、ポルトガル語のsorverもしくはスペイン語のsorberが挙げられている。
English: When the relative pronoun, "que" is placed before the words to make "que sorver" and "que sorver," they are pronounced 'kisoruberu.'
Japanese: 関係代名詞queを接頭につけ、「吸う物」の意味でquesorverもしくはquesorberとした場合、発音としては「キソルベル」となる。