nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The gables supporting the roof do not terminate where they meet, but protrude, forming chigi.
Japanese: 屋根を支える側面の破風（はふ）は継手でとどまらず、先端が飛び出し千木（ちぎ）となる。
English: Decorative metal fittings are sometimes attached to Chigi and Kastsuogi to enhance their resistance to weather.
Japanese: 千木と鰹木には、金銅製などの装飾金具が取り付けられ、耐候性を高められることがある。
English: The pillars at the center of each side, a little outside of the wall, and reaching the ridge are called Munamochi-bashira (literally, ridge-supporting pillar).
Japanese: 側面中央の、壁面より外側に飛び出し棟へ達する柱を棟持柱（むなもちばしら）と呼ぶ。
English: Strong thick wood is usually used for the Munamochi-bashira, but this pillar actually contributes little to the strength of the building.
Japanese: 棟持柱は通常太く、強度のある用材が用いられるが、構造上では強度にはあまり寄与しない。
English: A pillar called Shinnomihashira is located at the center of the shrine building, but this pillar contributes little to the strength of the building either.
Japanese: 社殿の中央には心の御柱（しんのみはしら）が配されるが、これも強度には寄与しない。
English: There is a single opening with hinged double doors, called Otobira, at the center of the front side.
Japanese: 正面中央の1か所のみに観音開きの御扉（おとびら）による開口部が設けられる。
English: The Otobira is usually cut directly from a tree, and therefore an old tree of considerable size is required for a large-scale shrine building.
Japanese: 御扉は通常1枚板が用いられるため、大規模な社殿では相当の古木が必要とされる。
English: Shinmei-zukuri buildings have floors raised from the ground, with importance placed on ventilation, and this is considered to be a vestige of the design of takayukashiki-soko (warehouse on stilts).
Japanese: 神明造では通風性を重視した床が高い構造で、高床式倉庫の名残であると考えられている。
English: The layout of pillars in remains from the Yayoi Period is similar to that of the shinmei-zukuri style buildings, and so it is considered that the shinmei-zukuri style developed out of takayukashiki-soko in this period.
Japanese: 弥生時代の遺跡の柱の遺構が神明造の柱の配置に似ているため、弥生時代の高床式倉庫が発展したものと考えられている。
English: In the Edo Period and before, only a few shrines, including the following, were built in the shinmei-zukuri style: Ise-jingu Shrine, Nishina-shinmeigu Shrine, which was under the control of a Shinto priest of Shinano Province (present day Nagano Prefecture), and Kono-jinja Shrine in Tango Province (present day Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 神明造の社殿は、江戸時代以前は伊勢神宮と、信濃国（現在の長野県）の神宮の所領とされた仁科神明宮、丹後国（現在の京都府）の籠神社など少数であった。
English: However, from the Meiji Period shinmei-zukuri style has been adopted widely for shrine buildings in time of sengu (transfer of a deity to a new shrine building), due to, for example, enshrining multiple gods collectively, thus increasing the number of shinmei-zukuri style shrine buildings.
Japanese: しかし、明治以降は合祀などによる遷宮において神明造を採用することが流行し、神明造の社殿が増加した。
English: One characteristic of this style is that the honden (main hall) and haiden (hall of worship), usually two separate buildings, are integrated, and connected by a low building called "ishinoma."
Japanese: 本殿と拝殿の2棟を一体化し、間に「石の間（いしのま）」と呼ばれる一段低い建物を設けているのが特徴。
English: It is said that the gongen-zukuri style started with Hiyoshi Tosho-gu Shrine (built in 1634) in Sakamoto, Otsu City.
Japanese: 権現造の発祥は大津市坂本の日吉東照宮（1634年建立の社殿）とされる。
English: Three buildings each in the irimoya style (with a half-hipped roof) and which are hirairi (a style of building which has the entrance on its long side) are joined by a building in the irimoya style and which is tsumairi (a style of building which has the entrance on its short side) and is placed perpendicular to the three buildings.
Japanese: 入母屋造・平入の3棟を、入母屋造・妻入の縦の棟で串刺し状に一体化している。
English: On the other hand, in the gongen-zukuri style, only the rear building is the main hall, and it can be said that the haiden, ishinoma and honden constitute a form of composite shrine building.
Japanese: これに対し、権現造では後方1棟のみが本殿で、拝殿・石の間・本殿の複合社殿といえる。
English: The honden of Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine is not symmetrical horizontally, because it has a wakiden (hall standing nearby the main hall) to its left.
Japanese: 尚、北野天満宮の本殿は左側に脇殿が設置されているため、左右対称となっていない。
English: It is considered that the taisha-zukuri style, represented by the Izumo-oyashiro Shrine building, is one of the oldest styles of shrine architecture, together with the shinmei-zukuri style, represented by the Ise-jingu shrine building, and the Sumiyoshi-zukuri style, represented by the Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine buiｌding.
Japanese: 出雲大社（いずもおおやしろ）に代表される大社造は、伊勢神宮に代表される神明造や住吉大社に代表される住吉造と共に、もっとも古い神社建築様式とされる。
English: In the shinmei-zukuri style buildings have a rectangular shape with its width longer than the depth, and the style is thought to have been developed from takayukashiki-soko (warehouses on stilts) and changed so that the building became more fitted for keeping shinpo (sacred treasures) than storing grain, and the sumiyoshi-zukuri style is close to the style of the building where Daijosai (the first ceremonial offering of rice by newly-enthroned Emperor) is held.
Japanese: 神明造が奥行きより幅が大きい長方形で、高床式倉庫から発展し穀物の代わりに神宝を納めるように変化したものと考えられ、住吉造が大嘗祭の建物に近似している。
English: Conversely, taisha-zukuri style buildings use the shape of the Chinese character 田, which is square and close to that of traditional Japanese houses, and accordingly it is considered that shrine buildings using this style developed from palaces that had been used for religious services.
Japanese: これに対して、大社造はほぼ正方形の古典的な日本家屋に近い「田の字」形であることから、祭祀の場に使われていた宮殿が社殿に発展したと考えられている。
English: According to a theory, the reason is because Mount Yakumo behind Izumo-oyashiro Shrine was a shintai (an object of worship that was believed to contain the spirit of a deity).
Japanese: その理由として、出雲大社の背後にある八雲山が神体であったとする説がある。
English: Nothing is known about the shrine building of Izumo-oyashiro Shrine prior to the Kamakura Period as no records remain.
Japanese: 出雲大社の社殿に関しては鎌倉時代以降は記録が残されているが、それ以前に関しては不明である。
English: The honden of Mizuwakasu-jinja Shrine located in Kori, Okinoshima Town, Oki County, Shimane Prefecture, is sometimes classified as a taisha-zukuri style building, yet is sometimes referred to as an Oki-zukuri style building.
Japanese: 島根県隠岐郡隠岐の島町郡（こおり）にある水若酢神社の本殿は、大社造に分類される場合と、隠岐造と呼ばれる場合がある。
English: A taisha-zukuri style building uses hottate bashira (earthfast posts), elements of the kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof) and tsuma-iri (the style of building which has the entrance on its shorter side), and has a roof with graceful curved lines.
Japanese: 大社造の構造は掘建柱・切妻造・妻入であり、屋根には優美な曲線が与えられる。
English: Thatch had been used for the roof since ancient times, but this changed during the Edo Period, and hiwadabuki (a cypress bark roof) was used for the Izumo-oyashiro Shrine building.
Japanese: 古来は萱葺（かやぶき）であったが、江戸時代以降は出雲大社が檜皮葺になるなどの変化が見られる。
English: It is considered that this was influenced by continental Chinese culture and which has been later modified.
Japanese: これは中国大陸文化の影響であり、後世に変化したものと考えられている。
English: Because less endurable thatch or shingles are used for the roof, the angle of the roof is made steep so that rain and snow falls down the roof more easily.
Japanese: 屋根に耐久性の低い萱や板を使うため、屋根の勾配をきつくして雨や雪が流れ落ちやすくしてある。
English: However, at the Izumo-oyashiro Shrine building constructed in 1744, each pillar is placed on a base stone to increase its durability level.
Japanese: しかし、延享元年（1744年）建立の出雲大社社殿は礎石の上に柱が立てられ、耐久性を高めている。
English: The pillar that is placed at the center of each tsuma side, a little outside of the wall, and that reaches the ridge is called the Uzu-bashira pillar.
Japanese: 妻中央の、やや外側に飛び出し棟へ達する柱を宇豆柱（うずばしら）と呼ぶ。
English: The boards that are used for making the walls are placed horizontally in the shinmei-zukuri style, and vertically in the taisha-zukuri sｔyle.
Japanese: 神明造では壁は水平方向に板材を配するが、大社造では垂直方向に配する。
English: Sixty tatami mats are laid in the shrine building of the Izumo-oyashiro Shrine built in 1744, but it is not known when they were laid.
Japanese: 延享元年（1744年）建立の出雲大社の社殿には畳60帖が敷かれているが、いつから敷かれたのかは不明である。
English: The layout of pillars in remains from the Yayoi Period is similar to that of taisha-zukuri style buildings, and so it is considered that the taisha-zukuri style developed out of takayukashiki-soko (raised-floor houses).
Japanese: 弥生時代の遺跡の柱の遺構が大社造の柱の配置に似ているため、高床式住居が発展したものと考えられている。
English: The height of the Izumo-oyashiro Shrine building, constructed in 1744, is considerably high, at 24 m.
Japanese: 延享元年（1744年）建立の出雲大社の社殿の高さは、約24mと巨大である。
English: The previous shrine building was larger, and it is said that the building collapsed seven times during the 200 years between the middle of the Heian Period and the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 以前はもっと大きく平安時代中期から鎌倉時代初期までの200年間に7回も倒壊したという。
English: Around the time of the collapse on August 11, 1032, there are no records indicating that an earthquake occurred or that a strong wind blew on that day.
Japanese: 平安中期の長元5年（1032年）8月11日の倒壊は、地震や強風があったという記録はない。
English: However, the taisha-zukuri style was not adopted for some shrine buildings built in or after the Meiji Period, such as Nawa-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: しかし、明治以降に建築された社殿の場合、名和神社のように大社造を採用しなかった例がある。
English: Of the shrine buildings in the taisha-zukuri style remaining in the 21st century, Kamosu-jinja Shrine located in Oba-cho, Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture in the Sanin region, was built in 1346 in the Muromachi Period and is the oldest.
Japanese: 21世紀に現存する大社造の社殿としては、山陰地方の島根県松江市大庭町にある神魂神社（かもすじんじゃ）の本殿が室町時代の正平元年（1346年）で最古である。
English: The honden (main hall) of Kamosu-jinja Shrine was designated a national treasure in March 1952, because it is the oldest building constructed based on the ancient original rules of the taisha-zukuri style.
Japanese: 神魂神社本殿は、大社造の古式に則った最古の建造物であることから1952年（昭和27年）3月に国宝に指定された。
English: Hachiman-zukuri, as represented by Usa-jigu Shrine, is a shrine pavilion built by interconnecting 2 buildings back to back.
Japanese: 宇佐神宮に代表される八幡造は、2棟の建物を前後に連結させてひとつの社殿になったもの。
English: Two buildings, a front hall and a rear hall built in the kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof), and hirairi (the entrance to a building built parallel to the ridge of the roof, usually on the long side of the building), respectively, are interconnected back to back with an Ainoma (Middle Room located between Honden main hall and Haiden oratory) in between them.
Japanese: 切妻造、平入のの2つの建物前殿（まえどの）・後殿（うしろどの）を前後に連結させ、中間に1間の相の間（あいのま）が付く。
English: Metal gutters are installed in the valley formed where the eaves of the anterior and posterior halls meet to catch rainwater.
Japanese: 前殿と後殿の軒の接する谷間に金属製の樋を渡して雨水を受ける構造になっている。
English: There are double doors at the center of the façade and an additional door on either side of the Ainoma.
Japanese: 正面中央の1か所に観音開き御扉が、相の間の両側面にも扉が設けられている。
English: The Uji City Tale of Genji Museum in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture is a museum run by Uji City in order to collect and preserve materials related to the 'Genji Monogatari' (Tale of Genji).
Japanese: 宇治市源氏物語ミュージアム（うじしげんじものがたり‐）は、京都府宇治市にある「源氏物語」に関する資料の収集・保管等を行う市立の博物館である。
English: Child (Elementary School, Junior High School students): 250 yen (200 yen per person for groups of over 30 people)
Japanese: 小人（小学生・中学生）　1人一回250円（30人以上の団体200円）
English: The castle is said to have been built by Hidetsuna (栄綱) TSUCHIMOCHI at the end of the 12th century or Kunitsuna (国綱) TSUCHIMOCHI at the end of the 13th century ("Enryo Kyuki" (Ancient Record of Nobeoka domain), "Enryo Seikan" (History of Nobeoka domain)).
Japanese: 築城者は、12世紀末の土持栄綱または13世紀末の土持国綱と言われる（『延陵旧記』『延陵世鑑』）。
English: As it is believed that Tsuchimochi clan's expansion of territory into this region south of the Gokase-gawa River and the Ose-gawa River came with acquisition of half of Agata no sho by Hidenobu (栄宣) TSUCHIMOCHI in 1336 ('Tanabe clan Tree'), it is therefore reasonable to consider that Tsuchimochi clan occupied the castle some time after the first quarter of the 14th century.
Japanese: 五ヶ瀬川・大瀬川以南のこの地域に土持氏領が拡大するのは、建武(日本)3年（1336年）に土持栄宣が縣荘の半分職を獲得（「田部氏系図」）して以降と考えられるから、土持氏がこの城に居城するのは14世紀前半の半ば以降と考えるのが妥当であろう。
English: However, when it comes to the first builder, it is absolutely unknown, and rather if we were to guess, it could be someone related to Kadokawa Ito clan who occupied Agata no sho, however it is also necessary to consider the relationship with the 'Furushiro' (Old Castle), 'Nakano-jo Castle' or 'Naka no shiro Castle' mentioned later, as well as that this area was called 'Hon-mura' (main village) until recently.
Japanese: しかし、最初の築城者となるとまったく不明であり、あえて推定するならば、縣荘を支配していた、門川伊東氏関連かと思われるが、後述の「古城」や「中野城」あるいは「中城」との関係や、この地域を最近まで「本村」と呼んでいたことも考慮して考える必要がある。
English: A castle with a terraced structure can be clearly seen on a Meiji period cadastral map on the small hill in the area called 'Furushiro', on the western side of Nobeoka High School run by Miyazaki Prefecture however currently it is being gradually destroyed by encroaching housing developments.
Japanese: また、宮崎県立延岡高等学校西側に位置する字「古城」の小山は、明治期の地籍図では階段状に構築された郭構造を明瞭に読みとることができるが、現状は宅地開発が進み破壊が著しい。
English: It is thought that the local area name of 'Furushiro' originates not with the Inoue-jo Castle remains but with this castle, and it is quite likely that the older castle was used as an outpost of the Inoue-jo Castle.
Japanese: 「古城」の地名は井上城跡によるものではなくこの城跡に由来すると考えられ、より古い時期の城郭が井上城の出丸として利用された可能性が高い。
English: The region from Tsunetomi and Atago to the east of Inoue-jo Castle remains to Idekita is a plain which developed as a backmarsh or alluvial lowland of the Gokase-gawa River and the Ose-gawa River and cadastral maps from the Meiji period show the paddies developed along the meandering course of the old rivers in the vicinity of the Kasuga-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 井上城跡の東側に展開する恒富・愛宕から出北（いできた）にかけての地域は、五ヶ瀬川・大瀬川の後背湿地・沖積低地として発達してきた平野部であり、春日神社付近では、蛇行する旧河川の跡に沿って開発された湿田の様子が明治期の地籍図からも見てとれる。
English: Also, in the latter half of the 17th century, a river ran eastwards between the north side of Mt. Atago and Kasuga-jinja Shrine, and this is also drawn in 'Nobeoka Jokazu Byobu' (Folding Screen of Nobeoka-jo Castle Map) and it may have flowed into 'the Hozai Inlet' which has been a natural port since the Yayoi and Kofun periods.
Japanese: また、17世紀後半期には愛宕山北側と春日神社との間を河川が東流し、『延岡城下図屏風』にも描かれ、おそらくは弥生・古墳時代以来の天然の良港（舟溜り）となっていたち考えられる「方財入り江」に流入している。
English: Furthermore, it can be seen from the "Arima Kachu Nobeoka Joka Yashiki tsuki Ezu" (Arima Family Nobeoka-jo Castle Residential Drawing) (held by Meiji University) that the area in between Inoue-jo Castle and Furushiro and to the east of Inoue-jo Castle, is spotted with swamps thought to be ponds left over from the changing course of the rivers.
Japanese: さらに、井上城と古城の間や井上城の東には、河跡湖と思われる沼池の点在していたことが『有馬家中延岡城下屋敷付絵図』（明治大学所蔵）からも読みとれる。
English: This was the situation at the time, and in the Middle Ages the 'Nakano-jo Castle' or 'Naka no shiro Castle,' presumed to be a square residence on the plain, existed in the Tsunetomi and Idekita areas.
Japanese: このような状況下にあって、中世には、平地の方形居館と推定される「中野城」あるいは「中城」が恒富・出北地区に存在していた。
English: In this picture, the residence of Minbu ARIMA (有馬民部), the Chief Retainer of the Arima family is drawn in the area of Idekita, and it is presumed that there was some connection with the 'Naka no shiro Castle' thought to have been destroyed by factory developments after the Tasho period.
Japanese: この絵図には、有馬家の家老である有馬民部の下屋敷が出北あたりに描かれており、大正期以降の工場地開発で消滅したと考えられる「中城」との関連も推定される。
English: Moreover, in the Tsunetomi and Atago area, many regional names derived from temples which no longer exist, including Seikoji, Wagoji, Wahoji, Kofukuji, Riseiji and Tanaka Sosenji (田中惣泉寺) (possibly the site of 'Tanaka Yakushi' in "Enryo Seikan") dot an area within a mere one kilometer square and this combined with the castle remains provide important clues along with the trends in influence in the Nobeoka district from ancient times until the period of clan government.
Japanese: さらに、恒富・愛宕地域には、西光寺、和合寺、知法寺、光福寺、利生寺、田中惣泉寺（『延陵世鑑』にある「田中薬師」寺跡か）など、現存しない寺院名に由来する小字名がわずか1キロメートル四方の範囲に近接して点在しており、城跡と合わせて古代以降から藩政期以前の延岡地域の勢力動向を考察する上での重要な手がかりとなろう。
English: The castle was located on an important path for travelers on a road which met what was the main path and the Ose-gawa River crossing from the east until the Middle Ages, with the road coming from Ifukugata no sho (伊福形荘) of Yose Gori, occupied by Shimazu going to Misu via Kono.
Japanese: 城は南の島津領寄郡伊福形荘から小野(この)を通って三須（みす）にいたる、中世までの幹線街道と大瀬川渡しを東から抑える交通の要衝に立地している。
English: The castle area covers the whole of Mt. Tenshu, occupying an area 100 to 200 meters wide and 600 meters long in a North-east to South-west direction.
Japanese: 天守山（てんしゅやま）全体を城取りしており、100-200メートル幅で北東～南西に細長く約600メートルの規模を持つ。
English: The castle area is thought to cover the several hilly areas in the north-east section as well as the apartments in the south-west, and the Daishogun-jinja Shrine on the shore of the Ose-gawa River is thought to be an outpost with Horikiri in between.
Japanese: 城域は、北東部に展開するいくつかの丘陵地と南西部の団地も含むと考えられ、大瀬川岸にある大将軍神社も堀切をはさんだ出丸の１つである。
English: On the western perimeter of the apartments in the south-west of the castle area can be found Homei-ji (法明寺) Temple which has a tombstone of Shigetsugu (栄続) TSUCHIMOCHI (his homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) was 'Hazuki Gyokuko Daizenmon,' from "Kagoshima Tsuchimochi Keizu" (Kagoshima Tsuchimochi Family Tree)) who was dispatched to give New Year Greetings to Yoshihisa SHIMAZU on February 18, 1578 after the takeover of the Shimazu alliance from the Otomo alliance.
Japanese: 城域南西部の団地西端には、天正6年（1578年）1月2日、大友同盟から島津同盟への転換となった島津義久への新年挨拶に遣わされた土持栄続（法名「葉月玉公大禅門」／『鹿児島土持系図』)の墓碑の現存する法明寺がある。
English: The height above sea level of what is thought to be the highest point of the main building is 68.4m and the relative elevation is 60m.
Japanese: 主郭と考えられる最高所の標高は68.4メートル，比高は約60メートルである。
English: The structure includes many small defensive areas connected by dirt bridges in the southern half and other devices in the northern half of the territory however there are virtually no earthen mounds or moats.
Japanese: 縄張りは北半分に工夫が施されており、南半分が土橋で連結された物見曲輪的構成となっているが、土塁や堀などの施設はほとんどなされていない。
English: Currently the site has a park, cemetery, cedar forest and the southern part has a mixed forest, and the state of preservation of the site is fairly good.
Japanese: 現状は公園・墓地・杉林・および南半分は雑木林であり、保存状態は極めて良好である。
English: However, with town development and development of the Atago roads, housing is being built and several hilly areas which were thought to be outposts of the castle between the north of the castle and Nobeoka High School have been destroyed.
Japanese: しかし、都市開発や愛宕通線の整備にともなって宅地が造成され、城の北、延岡高校との間にあった出城と思われるいくつかの丘陵が破壊された。
English: The remains of Kokusei‐ji Temple are remains of a temple of the Kegon Sect in Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture.
Japanese: 国清寺跡（こくせいじあと）は、秋田県能代市に存在した華厳宗の寺院国清寺の跡。
English: Kokusei‐ji was built around 1504 by Tadasue ANDO as the family temple of the warrior Hiyama-Ando clan, however it was abandoned when Ando clan (then called Akita clan) changed the territory to Hitachi Province.
Japanese: 国清寺は、1504年（永正元年）頃、安東忠季によって創建された檜山安東氏の菩提寺であったが、安東氏（当時は秋田氏）が常陸国へ転封されたため、廃された。
English: In 'the letter to Morisue AKITA from Sanesue AKITA', held by the Tohoku University Library, it is recorded that Kokusei-ji was the Buddhist name of Tadasue and built as Ryuonin Temple on Mt. Akita, together with the Chokyo-ji (長亨寺) which was the Buddhist name of Tadasue's father Masasue ANDO.
Japanese: 東北大学附属図書館に所蔵されている「秋田盛季宛秋田実季書状」には、国清寺は忠季の法名であり忠季の父安東政季の法名である長亨寺と合わせ、秋田山龍穏院として建立されたことが記載されている。
English: Now, a single Gingko tree is all that remains on the site presumed to be the location of the remains, and it is surrounded by rice paddies.
Japanese: 現在、跡地とされる場所にはイチョウの木一本のみが残り、周囲は水田になっている。
English: Furthermore, old Chinese style doors which were said to have been brought from Kokusei-ji Temple can be found in the main building of the nearby Tahoin Temple.
Japanese: また、近隣の多宝院本堂には、国清寺から移されたと伝わる唐様の古扉が残されている。
English: Masumi SUGAE recorded in his work "Akita Fudoki" (a topography of Akita), that the Rinsho-ji Temple in Niida, Noshiro City is the remains of Kokusei-ji Temple.
Japanese: なお、菅江真澄は著書『秋田風土記』の中で、能代市仁井田の倫勝寺が国清寺の跡であると記している。
English: Both temples are said to have been built by Zaiten Monryu (在天文龍) however it is not known for sure whether Rinsho-ji Temple is in fact the remains of Kokusei-ji Temple.
Japanese: 二つの寺とも在天文龍の開山と伝えられているが、倫勝寺が国清寺跡であったかは定かではない。
English: Dozo (storehouses) are traditional Japanese architectural structures with outer walls made of mud and finished with plaster.
Japanese: 土蔵（どぞう）とは、日本の伝統的な建築様式のひとつで、外壁を土壁として漆喰などで仕上げられるもの。
English: They are usually simply referred to as 'kura' (storehouse) and buildings constructed in this style are called 'Dozo-zukuri' or 'Kura-zukuri' (earthen-wall building style).
Japanese: 日常では単に蔵（くら）とよばれることが多く、この様式で作られた建物は土蔵造り・蔵造りなどといわれる。
English: As well as those built as warehouses or for storage, there are also some which were constructed with the dual function of storage and shop.
Japanese: 倉庫や保管庫として建てられるもののほか、保管庫と店舗を兼ねて建てられるものもある。
English: Buildings of this type which combine shop and dwelling are sometimes called 'misegura' and developed as an off-shoot of the original buildings built for storage.
Japanese: 店舗・住居を兼ねるものは「見世蔵（店蔵）」と呼ばれることもあり、倉庫・保管庫として建てられるものとは分化して発展してきた。
English: They were also built in the Middle Ages together with tradesmen's houses (merchant's houses), and in modern times, with the arrival of firearms, lime plaster stud wall techniques were also used on castles for fire-proofing and bullet-proofing, and mud walls over 30 centimeters thick as Dozo-zukuri style were extensively used on defensive structures such as guard towers and turrets keep from the late Azuchi-Momoyama period to around the Edo period.
Japanese: 中世にも町屋(商家)などと共に建てられており、近世、鉄砲の伝来の影響により城郭にも防火・防弾のために漆喰大壁の技術が用いられ、30cm以上の分厚い壁を多用したことで安土桃山時代後期から江戸期前後の櫓や天守などの防御施設は土蔵造りとなった。
English: From the Edo period, the construction of dozo for fire-proofing and theft prevention flourished, often with the adoption of techniques developed in castle construction, and this created an impression of affluence.
Japanese: 江戸時代以降には、城郭で発展した技術も生かされ、火災や盗難防止のために盛んに建てられ、後に裕福さの象徴ともなった。
English: From the Meiji Period onwards, some mud walls were finished with mortar rather than lime plaster, creating a western look.
Japanese: 明治以降には、土壁の上に漆喰ではなくモルタルを塗り洋風に仕上げられることもあった。
English: Nowadays, the dozo construction techniques are used on restaurants, businesses and museums to create a traditional look.
Japanese: 現在は、伝統的な外観を生かして、飲食店などの商業施設や博物館に転用されることもある。
English: The outer finish is a stud wall finished on both sides, with plaster on top of the mud daub, or a variety of planks.
Japanese: 外観の仕上げは、大壁とし、土壁の上に漆喰総塗籠（しっくいそうぬりごめ）とするか、各種の板張りとされる。
English: Some dozo were finished with 'namako-kabe' in which rectangular plain tiles are fixed to the wall and fine plaster mounded up into the gaps between the tiles in a way which resembles the fishcakes called 'ita-kamaboko.'
Japanese: 平瓦を張り、漆喰を板蒲鉾のように盛って固める海鼠（なまこ）壁などとすることもある。
English: In some cases plasterers use trowels to create reliefs of pictures or words on the plaster walls.
Japanese: 漆喰の壁には、左官職人が鏝によって文字や絵などを表現するレリーフ（鏝絵）を造られることもある。
English: Most walls are over 300mm thick and the outer doors are also made of mud, with the outside of the doors coated with mud and plaster.
Japanese: 壁厚は約300mm以上あることが多く、開口部の外戸なども土戸（土と漆喰で戸の外部表面を覆ったもの）とすることがある。
English: It is noted for their fire resistance, with many examples in which the dozo survived fires during the Edo period in which there were many great fires and also during the air raids in modern times.
Japanese: 古くは江戸時代の大火、近代では空襲による大火でも、内部に火が回らない事例が多く、耐火性に関しては定評があった。
English: However, the fire bombs used in the air raids were weapons which caught fire after penetrating roofs, so in cases where the firebombs directly hit the roof, there were many examples in which the outer walls remained intact, while the inside was burnt out.
Japanese: ただし空襲で使用された焼夷弾とは屋根を貫通したあと内部で発火する兵器のため、屋根に焼夷弾が直撃した場合は、外壁は無事でも内部が焼け落ちたという例も多い。
English: Again, in the past, whenever a fire broke out in the neighborhood, a plasterer going by would run in and use clay prepared for fire prevention purposes to block up all gaps and prevent the dozo from catching fire.
Japanese: またかつては、いざ近隣で火災が発生したという際、普段出入りの左官が駆けつけ、用意してある用心土と呼ばれる粘土を土蔵の全ての隙間に叩きつけ、土蔵への延焼を防ぐといった防火活動もあった。
English: Japanese classic Rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) called Nezumiana (rat hall): There is a scene in which a person who moves from rags to riches with a large store, when one day, while fire-proofing, he neglects to cover the vent called Nezumiana, and the whole dozo storehouse burns down, so he is turned out on the street.
Japanese: 古典落語ねずみ穴貧乏暮らしから大店へ成功し、ある日、火の用心に、土蔵のねずみ穴と呼ばれる換気口だけを目塗しなかったために、全ての蔵が焼け落ちて、路頭に迷う場面がある。