nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, his foster father became the leader of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance in 1868, and as a result, the father was ordered by the new government army to be placed under house arrest, when even Muneatsu was disinherited.
Japanese: しかし慶応4年（1868年）に養父・慶邦が奥羽列藩同盟の盟主となったために新政府軍から謹慎を申し付けられたとき、宗敦も廃嫡されてしまった
English: For this reason, he was not able to succeed Yoshikuni, and Munemoto, his fourth son, succeeded him as the 14th lord of the domain.
Japanese: そのため跡を継ぐことができず、14代藩主には慶邦の四男・宗基が継いだのである。
English: However, Munemoto, only a child, was not able to attend to government affairs although appointed the governor of the domain after Hanseki-hokan (return of the land and people from the feudal lords to the emperor) in 1869.
Japanese: しかし宗基は幼少であったため、明治2年（1869年）に版籍奉還された後、宗基は藩知事になったものの幼少のために政務をとることができなかった。
English: Therefore, the new government released Muneatsu from house arrest in 1870 and appointed him new governor of the domain in place of Munemoto.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）に新政府は宗敦の謹慎を解いて、宗基の代わりに宗敦を新たな藩知事として任命した。
English: Although Muneatsu was actually active in government affairs as the governor of the Sendai Domain, he is counted out of the successive heads of the Date clan because Munemoto was still the head of the clan.
Japanese: 仙台藩知事として実質的な政務を行ったが、伊達氏当主は宗基のままであり、伊達氏当主歴代には数えない。
English: He started a new family of DATE in 1884, and was awarded the title of baron in 1888.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）に新たに家を興し、明治21年（1888年）には男爵となった。
English: Saisuke YASUTOMI (1839 - May 28, 1873) from Ashimori Domain of Bicchu Province is a member of the Shinsengumi (a special force that guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 安富才助（やすとみさいすけ、天保10年（1839年）-明治6年（1873年）5月28日）は、備中国足守藩出身の新選組隊士。
English: After Hijikata died in the Hakodate War, Yasutomi, who was by Hijikata's side when he died, wrote a notice of Hijikata's loss and asked Chikara TACHIKAWA to forward it to the Hijikata family.
Japanese: 箱館戦争で土方が戦死し、それを看取った安富は、土方家宛の手紙を書いて立川主税に託した。
English: It is said that although he was discharged in 1870, he was killed by one of the former Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums), Juro ABE, however, this story is not confirmed.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）に放免され、元御陵衛士の阿部十郎に殺されたと伝わっているが、定かではない。
English: However, recently a grave that can be presumed his was discovered at Denjo-ji Temple in Ashimori (present Ashimori, Kita Ward, Okayama City), and on it the date of death is engraved as May 28, 1873.
Japanese: 但し、近年故郷である足守（岡山市北区(岡山市)足守）の田上寺で才助のものとみられる墓が発見されており、それには明治6年（1873年）5月28日没と記されている。
English: Yasutomi's letter delivered by Tachikawa is still kept by the Hijikata family, and in it there is a piece of eulogy poem that Yasutomi dedicated to Hijikata.
Japanese: なお、安富が立川に託した手紙は土方家に現存し、その手紙の中で、安富は土方への追悼句を書き残している。
English: Hikozaburo SHIBATA (1840 - August 3, 1866), was a lowly member of the Shinsengumi (a special force that guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 柴田彦三郎（しばたひこさぶろう、天保11年（1840年）-慶応2年6月23日(旧暦)（1866年8月3日））は新選組平隊士。
English: In November 1864, he went up to Kyoto to apply for the recruitment carried out by Isami KONDO in Edo (Tokyo).
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）10月、近藤勇の江戸での隊士募集に応じて上洛。
English: Tracked by four Shinsengumi members including Kijiro MATSUMOTO and Yoshisuke KONDO, who prepared his description, he was detained by officials at an inn in Izumo and transferred to the quarters, and he was obliged to commit ritual suicide by disembowelment in front of a lot of his colleagues.
Japanese: 人相書を用意した松本喜次郎や近藤芳助など４人の隊士に追われ出雲の宿で役人に捕まり屯所へ戻され、大勢の隊士の前で切腹した。
English: Aihime (her name also can be pronounced Yoshihime or Megohime) (1568 - February 21, 1653) was the only daughter of Kiyoaki TAMURA and a lawful wife of Masamune DATE.
Japanese: 愛姫（よしひめ、めごひめ、永禄11年（1568年）-承応2年1月24日(旧暦)（1653年2月21日））は、田村清顕の一人娘で、伊達政宗の正室。
English: Unfortunately, her wet nurse was killed by Masamune who suspected that betrayers from the Tamura clan were involved in the assassination attempt on him.
Japanese: ところが、自分の暗殺未遂事件には、田村氏からの内通者の関与があったと疑った政宗によって、彼女の乳母は殺害される。
English: It is said that her marriage got worse for a while because many other waiting maids serving her were executed.
Japanese: 他、多くの愛姫付きの侍女たちが死罪にされたため、一時、夫婦仲が悪くなったと伝えられている。
English: But then, her marriage seemed to be restored and she gave birth to Irohahime (Tadateru MATSUDAIRA's wife) in 1594 after she moved to the Date residence in Jurakudai (government office/residence) in Kyoto.
Japanese: しかし、その後、夫婦関係は修復に向かったと思われ、彼女が京の聚楽第の伊達屋敷に移ってから、文禄3年（1594年）には五郎八姫（松平忠輝室）を出産。
English: Then, she had four children of Masamune, including Tadamune DATE (the second lord of the Sendai Domain), Munetsuna DATE, and Takematsumaru DATE.
Japanese: それから、伊達忠宗（仙台藩二代藩主）・伊達宗綱・伊達竹松丸と、政宗との間に4人の子をもうけた。
English: Since the Tamura family had no daughter other than Aihime, when Aihime married Masamune, the agreement was reached that the Tamura family would adopt the second son of them, but the second son, Munetsuna died young at the age of 16.
Japanese: 田村家には愛姫以外の子女がいなかったため、政宗との結婚の際、二人の次男を田村家の養子に迎えるという話がついていたが、次男の宗綱は16歳で夭折。
English: Since the third son, Takematsumaru died young too, the Tamura clan had to wait for its revival until the generation of Muneyosi, the third son of Tadamune.
Japanese: 後の竹松丸も夭折したため、田村氏の復興は忠宗の三男宗良の代まで待つことになった。
English: Even after she lived in the Date residence in Jurakudai (government office/residence), she might have played a role like, what is called, a woman diplomat to inform Masamune of the Kyoto situation, saying, "the world has not been stabilized yet.
Japanese: 聚楽第の伊達屋敷に住むようになってからも、いわば女性外交官的役割で政宗に京の情勢を知らせ「天下はいまだ定まっておりませぬ。
English: I'll promise not to be shamed" in her letter to support Masamune.
Japanese: 誓って辱めは受けませぬ」という手紙を送り、よく政宗を内助の功でもって支えていたと思われる。
English: When Masamune died on May 24, 1636, she entered the Buddhist priesthood under the Ungo Zenji and called herself Yotokuin.
Japanese: 寛永13年（1636年）5月24日に政宗が死去した後、瑞巌寺の雲居禅師の元で仏門に入り、陽徳院と称した。
English: Before the 7th anniversary of Masamune's death, a wooden statue of him was created by the order of Aihime and it is a valuable historical material to tell his looks.
Japanese: 政宗の17回忌前には彼女の命により、木造の政宗像が制作されたが、これは彼の面影を伝える史料として貴重なものである。
English: Ungo Zenji, a doshi (ceremony leader), left the word about Aihime which tells her character, saying "she managed a household very well and was a merciful wise wife."
Japanese: 導師の雲居禅師も､愛姫について「家庭をよく治め、慈愛深く聡明な奥方であられました」と、愛姫の人柄について語る言葉を残している。
English: The statue of Aihime in a nun's attire kept in the Zuigan-ji Temple is beautiful and she seemed to be a woman as nicknamed "a beautiful princess".
Japanese: また、瑞巌寺の尼僧姿の愛姫像も美しく、「愛姫めごい（愛くるしい）姫」の愛称どおりの女性だったようである。
English: The excavation research on the Zuihoden in 1974 showed that her husband, Masamune had B-type blood and her son, Tadamune, A-type blood, and therefore it is assumed that Aihime had A- or AB-type blood.
Japanese: 1974年（昭和49年）の瑞鳳殿発掘調査により、夫・政宗の血液型はB型、息子・忠宗はA型であることが判明しているため、愛姫の血液型はA型かAB型であろうと思われる。
English: Shigetsugu HONDA (1529-August 9th, 1596) was a vassal of the Tokugawa clan from the Sengoku Period (the Warring Period) to the Azuchi Momoyama Period.
Japanese: 本多重次（ほんだしげつぐ、1529年（享禄2年）-1596年8月9日（文禄5年7月16日(旧暦)））は、戦国時代(日本)から安土桃山時代にかけての徳川氏の家臣。
English: Instead of his real name Shigetsugu, he was better known as Saemon and Onisakuza, derived from his bold and intrepid personality.
Japanese: 重次の名より、通称の作左衛門とその勇猛果敢で剛毅な性格に由来する「鬼作左」の通称で知られた。
English: Along with Yasukage AMANO and Kiyonaga KORIKI, Shigetsugu was one of the three magistrates of Mikawa Province from the period of Ieyasu's, and exerted his talent in legislative affairs.
Japanese: 天野康景、高力清長と共に家康三河時代からの三河三奉行の一人で、行政面に力を発揮した。
English: Clear from his naming of Oni (Japanese demon or fearless), he was a man who played by the books when it came to the rule of law and he was also strict with others as well, but he was fair and honest regarding the distribution of rewards, plus, he wrote the laws in kana (the Japanese syllabaries) and made the interpretation simple for the convenience of the general public.
Japanese: 鬼の名を取るように、法に対して厳格な人物で他人に対しても厳しかったが、恩賞に対しては公平清廉で、法令に対しても仮名書きでわかりやすく書いて民衆に触れやすいように記したと言われている。
English: Furthermore, he was not only known for his legislative role as a magistrate, but he also distinguished himself by suppressing the uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa Province).
Japanese: また、奉行としての行政の功績だけではなく、三河一向一揆鎮圧戦などで大いに活躍し、戦功を挙げた。
English: At the Siege of Odawara, he intercepted and beat back the naval warriors of the Gohojo clan led by Kagemune KAJIWARA.
Japanese: また、小田原の陣においては、自ら勧誘した向井正綱と共に梶原景宗率いる後北条氏水軍を迎撃してこれを打ち破っている。
English: However, as a trade-off for Ieyasu's pledge to become Hideyoshi's vassal and go to the capital (Kyoto), Hideyoshi's real mother, Omandokoro, was taken as a hostage by Ieyasu.
Japanese: しかし、家康が秀吉に臣従を誓い上洛する代償として豊臣秀吉の生母・大政所が人質として家康に差し出された。
English: On this occasion, Shigetsugu who was entrusted to take care of Omandokoro treated her crudely, and by stacking up firewood around her building, he threatened to burn her to death if something had happened to Ieyasu in Kyoto.
Japanese: その際、大政所の世話役を任された重次は、大政所を粗略に扱い、大政所のいる建物の周辺に薪を大量に積みあげ、もし上方で家康の身に変事があればただちに大政所を焼き殺す姿勢を見せた。
English: This is said to be Shigetsugu's bluff for Ieyasu's safe journey home, but upon hearing this from Omandokoro, Hideyoshi became upset as expected and gave Ieyasu an order to, "Dispel a rude man like Shigetsugu from your vassal hood."
Japanese: これは、家康の無事の帰国を祈って脅しをかけたと言われているが、後にこのことを大政所から聞かされた秀吉はさすがに不快感を表し、家康に対して「重次のような無礼者は家臣の座から放逐せよ」と命令した。
English: Due to this, after Ieyasu was transferred to the Kanto region, Shigetsugu was ordered to be under house arrest in the Koito-jo Castle of Kazusa Province (currently Kimitsu City, Chiba Prefecture) with 3000 koku.
Japanese: これにより、家康が関東に移された後には、上総国小糸城（現在の千葉県君津市）3000石にて蟄居を命じられた。
English: Subsequently, his place of house arrest was changed to Soma County, Shimouusa Province (currently Ino, Toride City, Ibaraki Prefecture).
Japanese: その後、蟄居先が下総国相馬郡井野（現在の茨城県取手市井野）に変更される。
English: This famous line which is supposed to be the shortest letter written in Japan, is a letter that Shigetsugu wrote in 1575 to his wife from the trenches of the Battle of Nagashiro.
Japanese: 日本一短い手紙、として有名なこの一文は、重次が1575年（天正3年）の長篠の戦いの陣中から妻にあてて書いた手紙である。
English: This 'Osen' was the legitimate child of Shigetsugu, Senchiyo (later known as Narushige, the Lord of Maruoka Domain), who was an infant at the time.
Japanese: この「お仙」は当時幼子であった嫡子仙千代（成重・後の丸岡藩主）のことである。
English: Furthermore, in the original letter it is written, 'Allow me to state briefly; beware of fire; Do not let Osen get thin; keep the horse fat; kind regards.'
Japanese: なお、手紙の原文は「一筆申す火の用心お仙痩さすな馬肥やせかしく」である。
English: Sanjiro(三二郎) YANAGIDA (year of birth and death unknown) was a member of Mibu-Roshigumi (Mibu masterless warriors group) as well as a member of the Shinsengumi (a special force that guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 柳田三二郎（やなぎださんじろう、生没年不詳）は壬生浪士組及び新選組隊士。
English: Around 1867, he leaked the Shinsengumi's confidential information to his acquaintance Saemon MURATA (anti-Tokugawa Shogunate faction).
Japanese: 慶応三年(1867年)頃に知友の村田左衛門（倒幕派）に隊内の機密情報を漏洩。
English: Tsuguo IESATO (1840 - June 10, 1863) was a member of Mibu-Roshigumi (Mibu masterless warrior group).
Japanese: 家里次郎（いえさとつぐお、天保11年（1840年）-文久3年4月24日(旧暦)（1863年6月10日））は壬生浪士組の同士である。
English: Afterwards, Tonouchi was assassinated and Yuzan NEGISHI withdrew the group in the internal leadership struggle, and Iesato who left in isolation ran away from the group, but he was forced to commit Seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment) by Serizawa when he was hiding in Osaka.
Japanese: その後主導権争いで殿内は暗殺、根岸友山も脱退し、孤立し出奔した家里は、大阪にいたところを芹沢に切腹させられた。
English: On July 3, 1863, only one month later from the death of Tsuguo IESATO, Shoto IESATO, his older brother and Confucian scholar, was also assassinated by someone in Kyoto.
Japanese: なお、家里次郎の死からわずかひと月足らずの5月18日(旧暦)、兄である儒学者・家里松嶹も京都にて何者かによって暗殺されている。
English: Nobuoki MATSUDAIRA was a Japanese feudal lord called daimyo (ruling Tsuchiura Domain in Hitachi Province, etc.), who also served as wakadoshiyori (junior councilor of the shogunate), Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle), and Kyoto shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy).
Japanese: 松平信興（まつだいらのぶおき）は、江戸時代の大名（常陸国土浦藩など）、若年寄、大坂城代、京都所司代。
English: As a close adviser to Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, he served as nakaoku kosho (middle inner page), koshogumi bangashira (head of the page office) and osoba (close aide), in addition to holding prominent positions such as wakadoshiyori (junior councilor of the shogunate), Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle), and Kyoto shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy).
Japanese: 徳川家綱の側近として中奥小姓、小姓組番頭、御側などを務めたほか、若年寄、大坂城代、京都所司代などの要職も歴任した。
English: On June 4, 1662, new field of 5,000 koku crop yields was given to him by his older brother, Terutsuna MATSUDAIRA.
Japanese: 寛文2年（1662年）4月18日、兄松平輝綱より、新田五千石を分与される。
English: On March 27, 1682, he became the lord of Tsuchiura Domain with 22,000 koku crop yields.
Japanese: 天和(日本)2年（1682年）2月19日、2万2千石をもって土浦藩主となる。
English: On November 17, 1687, he became the keeper of Osaka Castle by adding 10,000 koku crop yields, changing the territory to Settsu and Kawachi Provinces.
Japanese: 貞享4年（1687年）10月13日、1万石を加増され大坂城代となり、摂津国・河内国内へ移封。
English: On January 24, 1691, his post was changed to the Kyoto deputy, ranking as jushiinoge (junior fourth rank, lower grade)
Japanese: 元禄3年（1690年）12月26日、従四位下・侍従となり、京都所司代に転ずる。
English: Tadayasu NAKAYAMA (December 17, 1809-June 12, 1888) was a kuge (court noble) and a politician who lived from the end of the Edo period to the early part of the Meiji period.
Japanese: 中山忠能（なかやまただやす、文化(元号)6年11月11日(旧暦)（1809年12月17日）-明治21年（1888年）6月12日）は、江戸時代末期から明治時代前期にかけての公家、政治家である。
English: His father was the eldest son of Dainagon (Major Counselor) Tadayori NAKAYAMA (中山忠頼) who was in the Kazanin line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and his mother was Tsunako, a daughter of Sanetomo OGIMACHISANJO.
Japanese: 父は藤原北家の花山院流大納言・中山忠頼の長男、母は正親町三条実同の娘・綱子。
English: His daughter Yoshiko NAKAYAMA was Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) of the Emperor Komei and delivered the Emperor Meiji, so that Tadayasu was a maternal relative of the Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 娘の中山慶子が孝明天皇の典侍で、明治天皇を産んだことから、忠能は明治天皇の外戚に当たる。
English: When Matthew Perry of the U.S. came to Japan and demanded the beginning of trade 1853, he insisted on the principle of excluding foreigners and criticized Hisatada KUJO, a chief adviser to the Emperor, over the conclusion of the treaty.
Japanese: 嘉永6年（1853年）にアメリカ合衆国のマシュー・ペリーが来航して通商を求めた際には攘夷論を主張し、条約締結を巡り、関白の九条尚忠を批判する。
English: When Masayoshi HOTTA, roju (member of a shogun's council of elders) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), came up to Kyoto in 1858 and required the Imperial permission of the treaty in 1858, he opposed this with Sanenaru OGIMACHISANJO and others.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、江戸幕府老中の堀田正睦が上洛して条約の勅許による許可を求めた際には、正親町三条実愛らと共にこれに反対した。
English: In 1860 he was assigned to Goyogakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household) for the marriage between the Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako and the 14th Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA by the Emperor Komei as the kuge of kobu-gattai (integration of the imperial court and the shogunate) group.
Japanese: 公武合体派の公家として万延元年（1860年）、孝明天皇から和宮親子内親王と14代将軍徳川家茂の縁組の御用掛に任じられた。
English: He thereby accompanied Kazunomiya on the journey down to Edo in the following year, 1861, which angered a section of radical Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians).
Japanese: その経緯から翌文久元年（1861年）、和宮の江戸下向に随行するが、これが一部の過激な尊皇攘夷派からの憤激を生んだ。
English: At the time of the Kinmon Incident in which the Choshu clan raised an army in order to regain Kyoto in 1864, he supported the movement of the Choshu clan.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）、長州藩が京都奪還のため挙兵した禁門の変では長州藩の動きを支持した。
English: It seems that Tadayoshi aimed to come back to the political arena via the success of this affair in which he supported the Choshu clan.
Japanese: 忠能は長州藩を支持して変事を成功させることで、復帰を考えていたらしい。
English: However, the Kinmon Incident failed and as a result, the Emperor Komei got angry and punished Tadayasu.
Japanese: が、禁門の変は結果的に失敗し、忠能は孝明天皇の怒りを買って処罰された。
English: He made efforts to have the Emperor Meiji issue the secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate, which was an Imperial command to attack seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA in 1867 with Tsuneyuki NAKAMIKADO and Sanenaru OGIMACHISANJO.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）、中御門経之・正親町三条実愛らと組み、征夷大将軍徳川慶喜追討の勅書である討幕の密勅を明治天皇から出させることにも尽力。
English: After that, he cooperated in creating the Decree (of 1867) for the Restoration of Imperial Rule with Tomomi IWAKURA and was in charge of moderating at the Kogosho Conference (the meeting held in the presence of the Emperor in the Kogosho Conference Room of Kyoto Imperial Palace at the night of December 9, 1867, when the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule was issued).
Japanese: その後も岩倉具視らと協力して王政復古の大号令を実現させ、小御所会議では司会を務めた。
English: On the 22nd of January, which was a leap month, since the Empress Dowager appointed the Imperial Princess Yoshiko to nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) (Shinseiwain), he resigned as kotaigo gushiki and was assigned to Shinseiwain betto (steward) at the same time.
Japanese: 閏1月22日、皇太后欣子（よしこ）内親王に女院（新清和院）宣下のため、皇太后宮職を止め、新清和院別当を兼帯。
English: On January 4, 1843, he was promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and remained in the position of Shinseiwain betto Sangi Ukone no gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 天保14年（1843年）1月4日、正三位に昇叙し、新清和院別当参議右近衛権中将如元。
English: On December 22, 1844, he was transferred to Chunagon and remained in the position of Shinseiwain betto.
Japanese: 弘化元年（1844年）12月22日、中納言に転任し、新清和院別当如元。
English: On February 18, 1845, he was promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank) and remained in the position of Shinseiwain betto Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor).
Japanese: 弘化2年（1845年）2月18日、従二位に昇叙し、新清和院別当権中納言如元。
English: On June 20, 1846, he resigned as Shinseiwain betto in accordance with the death of Shinseiwain.
Japanese: 弘化3年（1846年）6月20日、新清和院崩御に伴い、同院別当を止む。
English: On the 21st of April, he was transferred to Jokyoku Gijo (government service of Jokyoku law-making organ) which was Giseikan (Legislature) from gijo of the government by a reform of the bureaucratic system.
Japanese: 閏4月21日、政府議定から官制改正により、議政官たる上局議定に異動。
English: On July 8, he was transferred to Jingi haku (a chief official in charge of matters relating to Shintoism) from the governor of Jingikan and assigned to Senkyo Chokan (a chief of missionary work) a the same time by a reform of the bureaucratic system.
Japanese: 7月8日、官制改正により、神祇官知事から神祇伯に異動し、宣教長官を兼帯。
English: On June 25, 1871, he resigned as both Jingi haku and Senkyo Chokan, and was assigned to Jako no ma shiko (emperor's personal attendant in Jako room).
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）6月25日、神祇伯宣教長官をともに辞し、麝香間祗候と就る。
English: Mochiaki MATSUDAIRA (September 17, 1836 – July 25, 1890) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and a nobleman.
Japanese: 松平茂昭（まつだいらもちあき、天保7年8月7日(旧暦)（1836年9月17日）-明治23年（1890年）7月25日）は、日本の大名、華族。
English: He was the 7th lord of the Itoigawa Domain in Echigo Province (the 9th head of a branch family of Echizen Matsudaira family) and the 17th lord of the Fukui Domain, and after the Meiji Restoration, he became governor of the Fukui Domain.
Japanese: 越後国糸魚川藩第7代藩主（越前松平家分家9代）、福井藩第17代の藩主であり、維新後は福井藩知事となる。
English: His legal wife was Kayohime, the daughter of Narihiro Hachisuka (adopted daughter of Shinako TAKATSUKASA), and his second wives were Yukiko, the daughter of Takemichi KOGA, and the daughter of Taneyasu HIROHASHI.
Japanese: 正室は蜂須賀斉裕の娘（鷹司標子の養女）・賀代姫、継室は久我建通の娘・幸子、広橋胤保の娘。
English: His children were Yasutaka MATSUDAIRA (second son), Nagayori MATSUDAIRA (third son), Harumitsu TAKEYA (fourth son), Mochitoki FUJINAMI, a daughter (legal wife of Naonobu Nabeshima), a daughter (legal wife of Yasumichi KATO), and a daughter (legal wife of Yasumochi TODA).
Japanese: 子に松平康荘（次男）、松平永頼（三男）、竹屋春光（四男）、藤波茂時、娘（鍋島直庸正室）、娘（加藤泰通正室）、娘（戸田康保正室）。
English: On May 4, 1857, he took over as the head of the Matsudaira family in the Itoigawa Domain after Naoharu, his natural father, went into retirement (Around that time, he used the name Naokiyo).
Japanese: 安政4年（1857年）5月4日、実父直春の隠居により、糸魚川藩松平家の家督を相続する（この頃は直廉（なおきよ）と名乗る）。
English: This was because, after Ansei no Taigoku (a purge by the Shognate in an effort to suppress extremists) carried out by Tairo (chief minister) Naosuke II, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA was forced to abdicate the headship of the family and was suspended from the office.
Japanese: 大老井伊直弼による安政の大獄で松平慶永が隠居・謹慎処分となったためである。
English: Although he became the lord of the domain, he had almost no real power and was put in a position of being a puppet head of the family because in the domain, there were so many Karo (senior retainers) and federal retainers of the domain who were reformists, including the retired Yoshinaga, Hachiro MITSUOKA, Yukie NAKANE and Shonan YOKOI.
Japanese: 藩主となったものの、藩内には隠居した慶永をはじめ三岡八郎、中根雪江、横井小楠などの改革派の家老・藩士が多数いたため、茂昭には実権はほとんど無く、傀儡の当主の立場であった。
English: During the Choshu Conquest in 1865, he became lieutenant governor under Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA, the governor-general (the lord of the Owari Domain).
Japanese: 慶応元年（1865年）の長州征討では総督徳川慶勝（尾張藩主）の下、副総督となっている。
English: In June 1869, he became governor of the Fukui Domain following Hanseki-hokan (return of the land and people from the feudal lords to the emperor).
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）6月、版籍奉還にともない、福井藩知事となった。
English: FUJIWARA no Momokawa (732 - August 28, 779) was a statesman in the Nara period.
Japanese: 藤原百川（ふじわらのももかわ、天平4年（732年）-宝亀10年7月9日(旧暦)（779年8月28日））は奈良時代の政治家。
English: During the era of Empress Koken, he supported and restored the Fujiwara clan by using his wits, who had lost their authority after the Rebellion of Fujiwara no Nakamaro.
Japanese: 孝謙天皇代にあって、藤原仲麻呂の乱以後後退していた藤原氏をその才覚により支え権力の再興を果たす。
English: It is said that Momokawa worked behind the scenes of the plot of Usa Hachiman-gu oracle in 769 by working with FUJIWARA no Nagate to stop the succession to the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: 神護景雲3年（769年）の宇佐八幡宮神託事件においても、藤原永手らとはかり皇位継承阻止派として百川の暗躍があったといわれる。
English: At that time, Momokawa cleverly acted in a changing political world such as continuing sending money secretly to WAKE no Kiyomaro who was exiled for the plot of the oracle ("Momokawa den [the biography of Momokawa]") while he was officially at the center of the administration of Emperor Shotoku and Dokyo as Naiju no Taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of Royal Pages).
Japanese: そのころの百川は、表向きは内豎大輔として称徳天皇・道鏡政権の中枢に参加する一方で、神託事件によって配流された和気清麻呂のために秘かに仕送りを続ける（『百川伝』）など、激動する政界において巧みに振舞ってきた。
English: After Emperor Shotoku passed away without selecting Crown Prince in 770, he worked together with his brother FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu to enthrone Emperor Konin by overcoming the opposition from parties including Udaijin (Minister of the Right) KIBI no Makibi.
Japanese: 宝亀元年（770年）称徳天皇が皇嗣を定めないまま崩御した際、右大臣吉備真備らの反対をおして、兄藤原良継とともに、光仁天皇を擁立。
English: This was the restoration of the emperor descended from Emperor Tenchi who had been discontinued since the Jinshin War, and is thought to have been unexpected for Emperor Konin.
Japanese: これは、壬申の乱以来絶えていた天智天皇系の復活であり、光仁天皇には望外であったと想定される。
English: In 772, Imperial Princess Inoe (Shotoku's sister) was deprived of Empress for suspicion of cursing, and her son, Imperial Prince Osabe also became the deposed Crown Prince.
Japanese: 宝亀3年（772年）、井上内親王（称徳妹）が呪詛疑惑により皇后を廃され、子他戸親王も廃太子となった。
English: Regarding the deposition of Imperial Prince Osabe, "FUJIWARA No Momokawa den (the biography of FUJIWARA no Momokawa)" in "Kugyobunin (directory of the successive Imperial officials)" says that the Minister (Momokawa) always thought of Emperor Kanmu.
Japanese: （他戸の廃太子について『公卿輔任』藤原百川傳云く「大臣（百川）素屬心於桓武天皇。
English: Imperial Prince Yamanobe (later Emperor Kanmu) was nominated and then formally installed as Crown Prince in 773.
Japanese: 翌宝亀4年（773年）、建議により皇太子に山部親王（後の桓武天皇）を立てる。
English: For Emperor Kanmu whose mother was TAKANO no Niigasa, a immigrant from Paekche (ancient Korea), this seemed to be unexpected and Momokawa gained even more trusted from the Emperor.
Japanese: 母親が百済渡来人系高野新笠である桓武帝にとっては、やはり望外であったと思われ、さらに信任を篤くした。