nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He joined the direct imperial rule of Emperor Godaigo, who was enthroned in 1318, and became a kurodo (chamberlain).
Japanese: 文保2年（1318年）に即位した後醍醐天皇の親政に参加し、蔵人となる。
English: He was influenced by Emperor Godaigo's Neo-confucianism (Sung-period neo-Cunfucianism), and participated in the conspiracy to attack the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shougun).
Japanese: 後醍醐の朱子学（宋学）志向に影響を受け、鎌倉幕府討幕のための謀議に加わる。
English: In 1324, he was arrested with Suketomo HINO in the Shochu Disturbance; however, he escaped punishment.
Japanese: 正中(日本)元年（1324年）の正中の変で日野資朝らと逮捕されるが処罰は逃れる。
English: He was arrested again in the Genko Incident, which was the second anti-shogunate plot uncovered in 1331, and was sentenced to death in Kuzuharagaoka, Kamakura.
Japanese: しかし、元徳3年/元弘元年（1331年）に発覚した2度めの討幕計画である元弘の変で再び捕らえられ、鎌倉の葛原岡で処刑された。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, the Southern Court (Yoshino Imperial Court) became legitimate; people started to recognize Toshimoto as a person who had rendered distinguished service in the anti-shogunate movement.
Japanese: 明治維新後、南朝（吉野朝廷）が正統とされると俊基は倒幕の功労者として評価されるようになった。
English: Kuzuharagaoka-jinja Shrine was founded in Kajiwara, Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture in 1887; the shusaijin (main enshrined deity) of the shrine was Toshimoto; Toshimoto was also promotoed to Jusanmi (Senior Third Rank).
Japanese: 1887年（明治20年）には俊基を主祭神とする葛原岡神社が神奈川県鎌倉市梶原に創建され、俊基自身にも従三位が追贈された。
English: It was designated a national historic site on April 8, 1927; the remains are preserved and managed by the Toshimoto-kyo Iseki Hozon Foundation.
Japanese: また1927年（昭和2年）4月8日に国指定史蹟に指定され、財団法人俊基卿遺蹟保存会が遺跡の保護・管理を行っている。
English: Sadafusa YOSHIDA (1274 - February 21, 1338) was a court noble who lived in the late Kamakura Period.
Japanese: 吉田定房（よしださだふさ、文永11年(1274年)-暦応元年/延元3年1月23日(旧暦)(1338年2月13日)）は、鎌倉時代後期の公家である。
English: After the Imperial Throne was returned to the Daikakuji-to in 1301 by enthronement of the Emperor Gouda, he was dispatched to Kamakura as an envoy in 1306.
Japanese: 1301年(正安3年)に後宇多天皇の即位で皇位が大覚寺統に戻ると重用され、1306年(徳治元年)には使節として鎌倉へ派遣されている。
English: He was the menoto (foster father) of the Emperor Godaigo, who was a son of Gouda, and served Godaigo, who commenced direct Imperial rule in 1321 in place of the retired Emperor Gouda and called 'nochi no san fusa' (later three 'fusa's) together with Chikafusa KITABATAKE and Nobufusa MADENOKOJI.
Japanese: 後宇多の子の後醍醐天皇の乳父で、1321年(元亨元年)に後宇多院に代わり親政をはじめた後醍醐に仕え、北畠親房、万里小路宣房と合わせて「後の三房」と呼ばれた。
English: In the Shochu Disturbance and on other occasions, he remonstrated the Emperor Godaigo, who held secret conferences to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and, on the occasion of Genko Incident (abortive coup of the Genko Era) in 1329, he informed Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agent in Rokuhara, Kyoto) about the second secret conference for overthrowing the bakufu.
Japanese: 正中の変などで鎌倉幕府討幕のための密議を行う後醍醐天皇を諌め、1329年の元弘の乱では2度目の討幕の密議を六波羅探題に密告している。
English: It is understood that his action was because of his consideration for the Emperor Godaigo, since he was promoted to naidaijin (minister of the center) under the Kenmu Restoration after the Kamakura bakufu was ruined, etc.
Japanese: 後に鎌倉幕府滅亡後の建武の新政では内大臣に登用されている事などから、これは後醍醐天皇の身を案じた行動であると解釈されている。
English: In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, he initially belonged to the Northern Court, and later defected to the Southern Court in Yoshino.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)には一時は北朝(日本)方に属し、後に吉野の南朝(日本)へ出奔している。
English: September 26, 1285: Reassigned to post of Kogogu gon no taijo (Provisional Senior Secretary in the Office of the Empress's Household) for the Empress of the Emperor Gouda (Reiko).
Japanese: 1285年（弘安8）8月19日、皇后（後宇多天皇皇后　＜女偏に令＞子内親王）宮権大進に遷任。
English: November 9, 1291: assigned the position of Chugu gon no taijo (Provisional Senior Secretary in the Office of the Consort's Household) for Chugu of the Emperor Fushimi (SAIONJI FUJIWARA no Akiko [＜金偏に章＞子 正しい読み不明]) and also assigned the position of Kurodo (Chamberlain).
Japanese: 1291年（正応4）10月10日、中宮（伏見天皇中宮西園寺藤原＜金偏に章＞子）権大進に任官し、蔵人にも補任。
English: May 23, 1296: assigned additional position of Togu-daishin (Senior official of the Crown Prince's Quarters) for the Imperial Prince Kuniharu (later, the Emperor Gonijo).
Japanese: 1296年（永仁4）4月13日、春宮（のちの後二条天皇こと邦治親王）大進を兼任。
English: February 3, 1300: promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained the positions of Uchuben and Shuriukyujoshi.
Japanese: 1300年（正安2）1月5日、正四位下に昇叙し、右中弁・修理右宮城使如元。
English: February 16, 1307: promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and retained the positions of Gon Chunagon, Kebiishi no betto, and Uemon no kami.
Japanese: 1307年（徳治2）1月５日、正三位に昇叙し、権中納言・検非違使別当・右衛門督如元。
English: Sadayasu was the son of Yasumune UTSUNOMIYA, the younger brother of Sadatsuna UTSUNOMIYA, and the sixth head of the Shimotsuke-Utsunomiya clan (the eighth counting from FUJIWARA no Soen), and went to Chikugo Province in Kyushu.
Japanese: 下野宇都宮氏第6代（藤原宗円から数えると第8代）の宇都宮貞綱の弟で九州の筑後国に下った宇都宮泰宗の子。
English: According to the Mumo family records, 'Kageyasu UTSUNOMIYA (later Sadayasu) lived at Karasuma, Kyoto. His son, Muneyasu UTSUNOMIYA was the Governor of Mikawa Province and lived in Iyo.'
Japanese: 武茂系図によれば、宇都宮景泰（後の貞泰）は、「京都烏丸に住み、その子の宇都宮宗泰については三河守で伊予住人」とある。
English: The Iyo-Utsunomiya family record states that 'Sadayasu, who was called Rokuro and initially named Kageyasu, assumed the positions of the Governor of Mino Province and Governor of Totomi Province. He lived at Utsunomiya, Yasu and later moved to Kyoto. His Buddhist name was Renchi.'
Japanese: 伊予宇都宮系図には貞泰については「六郎、始景泰、美濃守、遠江守、野州宇都宮の住人、後京都に住す、法名蓮智」とある。
English: In 1330, he became jito (manager and lord of manor) of Kita-gun, Iyo Province, moved from Kyoto to Kita, Iyo Province, Kyoto, and lived at Negoroyama-jo Castle in Ozu.
Japanese: 1330年（元弘元年）に伊予国喜多郡の地頭となり、京都から伊予国喜多に移り、大洲の根来山城に拠る。
English: During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, he was of the Northern Court and fought against Michimune TOKUNO, Shigekiyo KUTSUNA, and Michimasu DOI of the Southern Court in Shikoku.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)当初は北朝方であり、四国の南朝方の得能通宗、忽那重清、土居通増らと戦う。
English: Emperor Godaigo's 11th son, Imperial Prince Kagenaga, was appointed seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") and he left Yoshino for Kyushu.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇の第11皇子の懐良親王が征西大将軍に任命され、九州を目指して吉野を出立した。
English: He received support from the Kumano Suigun Navy, a group of pirates in the Seto Inland Sea, and after traveling to Katsuna-jima Island in Iyo Province (Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, formerly Hojo City), he stayed at the residence of Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA for a while.
Japanese: 瀬戸内海の海賊衆である熊野水軍の援助を得て伊予国忽那島（愛媛県松山市-旧北条市）へ渡った時、しばらく喜多の宇都宮貞泰の処に滞在。
English: This means that Sadayasu, who was initially on the side of the Bakufu (the Northern Court), was on the side of the Imperial Court (the Southern Court) by this time.
Japanese: ということは、当初は幕府方（北朝）の貞泰は、この頃は宮方（南朝(日本)）に変わっていたことになる。
English: Sadayasu moved from Kita of Iyo Province in Shikoku to join the Kii clan in Nakatsu, Buzen Province together with Imperial Prince Kagenaga.
Japanese: 貞泰は、懐良親王と共に四国の伊予国喜多から九州の城井氏の豊前国仲津に移る。
English: Regarding Sadayasu's children, there are different notations in the Sonpi Bunmyaku (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy), the Mumo family records, the Iyo-Utsunomiya family records, the Chikugo-Utsunomiya family records, and the Shimotsuke-Utsunomiya family records.
Japanese: 貞泰の子については、尊卑分脈、武茂系図、伊予宇都宮系図、筑後宇都宮系図、下野宇都宮系図その他においては、いくつかの異同がある。
English: Summarizing these family records, Sadayasu had five sons, Sadamune, Yoshitsuna, Sadahisa, Sadakuni, and Muneyasu, and the Iyo-Utsunomiya family records state that Sadamune, who as his eldest became the Governor of Iyo Province, whereas the Shimotsuke-Utsunomiya family records and others state that Yoshituna, who was adopted by the Buzen-Utsumoniya clan, was his eldest.
Japanese: それらをまとめれば、貞泰には、貞宗、義綱、貞久、貞邦、宗泰という子があり、伊予宇都宮系図は、伊予国守護となった貞宗を長子としているが、下野宇都宮系図その他では、豊前宇都宮氏に入嗣した義綱を長子としている。
English: This reflects the circumstances of Sadayasu while he was in kita, Iyo and after moving to Nakatsu, Bizen.
Japanese: これは、貞泰が伊予喜多にいた時と、豊前仲津に移った時の境遇を反映していると思われる。
English: Sadamune did not have any children and so he adopted Toyofusa UTSUNOMIYA (the third son of Yorifusa UTSUNOMIYA of the Bizen-Utsunomiya clan), patriarch to the Iyo-Utsunomiya clan.
Japanese: 貞宗には子がおらず、伊予宇都宮氏の祖の宇都宮豊房（豊前宇都宮氏の宇都宮頼房の三男）が養子となる。
English: Mototsuna UTSUNOMIYA, the son of Yoshitsuna UTSUNOMIYA, who was noted as Sadayasu's eldest son in the Shimotsuke-Utsunomiya family records, joined the Kii clan of the Northern Court.
Japanese: 下野宇都宮系図が長男とする宇都宮義綱の子の宇都宮元綱は、北朝方の城井氏に入る。
English: Kanehisa UTSUNOMIYA, the son of Sadahisa UTSUNOMIYA, Sadayasu's second son, of the Southern Court, became the patriarch of the Kamachi clan of Chikugo-Utsunomiya clan descendants.
Japanese: 次男の南朝(日本)方の宇都宮貞久の子の宇都宮懐久は、筑後宇都宮氏後裔の蒲池氏の祖となる。
English: The third son, Sadakuni UTSUNOMIYA, joined the Southern Court of Imperial Prince Kagenaga in Kyushu, joining his elder brother Sadahisa, and died fighting in the Battle of the Chikugo-gawa River with his nephew, Kanehisa UTSUNOMIYA.
Japanese: 三男の宇都宮貞邦は、兄貞久と共に懐良親王の九州の南朝方となり、甥の宇都宮懐久と共に筑後川の戦いで討ち死する。
English: His fourth son, Muneyasu UTSUNOMIYA, was adopted by his oldest brother's adopted son, Toyofusa UTSUNOMIYA (younger brother of Fuyutsuna UTSUNOMIYA) and became the head of the Iyo-Utsunomiya clan.
Japanese: 四男の宇都宮宗泰は、長兄の貞宗の養子の宇都宮豊房（宇都宮冬綱の弟）の養子となり伊予宇都宮氏を継ぐ。
English: Sensho MURAKAMI (May 1, 1851 - October 31, 1929) was an educator and a scholar of Japanese Buddhist history who played an active role from the Meiji period to the Taisho period.
Japanese: 村上専精（むらかみせんしょう、嘉永4年4月1日(旧暦)（1851年5月1日）-昭和4年（1929年）10月31日）は、日本の明治・大正期に活躍した教育者、仏教史学者。
English: He researched Buddhist concepts and history while coming under fire from the modern academic system, and he disclosed his accomplishments in various public and private educational institutes in which he was involved when they were established.
Japanese: 特に、仏教思想・仏教史を近代的学問体系からの批判に耐え得る形で研究するとともに、その成果を自ら整備に関与した公私の諸教育機関において公開した。
English: He had been excellent in Sinology since he was young; he became a disciple of Gyochu TAKEDA or other monks in Muishin-ji Temple in Niigata Prefecture, which was the furthest religion from Himeji Zenkyo-ji Temple, after he worked his way to study.
Japanese: 幼時より漢学の才にすぐれ苦学の後、姫路善教寺の天外、新潟県無為信寺の武田行忠等に師事。
English: In 1880, he came out to Kyoto again, and entered the school for teachers at the Higashi Hongan-ji seminary, after two years, he took charge of lectures in Shinshu sect Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) and acquired an academic rank within the temple.
Japanese: 1880年、再び京都に出て東本願寺の教師教校に入学、2年後には同寺の学階を得て真宗大学寮で講義を担当するに至った。
English: In 1887, he was invited by Sotoshu Daigakurin; Sotoshu University (present-day Komazawa University) and assumed the post as a lecturer.
Japanese: 1887年、東京の曹洞宗大学林（現、駒澤大学）に招聘されて講師に就任した。
English: In the following year, he became a lecturer of Indian Philosophy in Tokyo Imperial University Literature University, and founded Toyo Girls' High School (present-day Toyo girls' senior high school) in 1905.
Japanese: 翌年、東京帝国大学文科大学のインド哲学の講師となり、1905年、東洋高等女学校(現、東洋女子高等学校)を創設した。
English: He contributed to the research of modern Buddhist history; he launched the first issue of "Bukkyo Shirin" (Collection of Buddhist history) magazine with Junkyo WASHIO and Koyo SAKAINO in 1894; he published "Dai Nihon Bukkyo shi" (History of Buddhism in Great Japan) in 1897; he compiled and published "Meiji ishin shinbutsu bunri shiryo" (Historical materials on the separation of Shinto and Buddhism during the Meiji Restoration) with others including Zennosuke TSUJI in 1926.
Japanese: この間、1894年、鷲尾順敬・境野黄洋らと雑誌『仏教史林』を創刊し、1897年、『大日本仏教史』を刊行、1926年、辻善之助らと『明治維新神仏分離史料』を編纂・刊行するなど、近代的な仏教史研究に大きく道を開いた。
English: In 1901, he introduced an objective methodology into the accomplishments of Buddhist thought research to which he had been dedicated for a long time, and wrote "Bukkyo Toitsu Ron" (On the Unification of Buddhism) to advocate the thesis that the Mahayana teachings do not stem from the historical Buddha, which produced much controversy.
Japanese: また、1901年、永年の仏教思想研究の成果に客観的方法論を導入して『仏教統一論』を著し、大乗非仏説を提起、大きな反響を呼んだ。
English: This resulted in him leaving the priesthood of Shinshu sect Otani school he belonged to (exclaustration) for a while; he interacted with people from various fields including Bunyu NANJO from the same faction, Enryo INOUE, Manshi KIYOZAWA, and consistently strived to improve and maintain the research of modern Buddhism and educational system.
Japanese: このため一時、所属する真宗大谷派の僧籍を離れる（還俗）ことがあったが、同派出身の南条文雄・井上円了・清沢満之らをはじめ幅広い分野の人々と交流、終始一貫、近代的な仏教研究と教育体制の充実・整備に力を注いだ。
English: Bukkyo Toitsu Ron :On the Unification of Buddhism, the first edition: Outline, the second edition: Principle, the third edition: Budda (from 1901 to 1905)
Japanese: 仏教統一論第1編：大綱論、第2編：原理論、第3編：仏陀論（1901～1905年）
English: Johannis de Rijke (December 5, 1842 - January 20, 1913) was a Dutchman who systemized erosion and torrent control, and designed afforestation construction projects, and is known in Japan as "the father of erosion and torrent control."
Japanese: ヨハニス・デ・レーケ（JohannisdeRijke、1842年12月5日-1913年1月20日）は、オランダ人で、日本の砂防や治山の工事を体系づけ、「砂防の父」とも言われるお雇い外国人である。
English: His name is sometimes written as ヨハネ(ニ)ス・デ・レイ(ー)ケ in Japanese.
Japanese: 彼の名前は、日本語では、ヨハネ（ニ）ス・デ・レイ（ー）ケなどと表記されることもある。
English: Considering his achievements in engineering, including river improvement, and erosion and torrent control, it might have been better to refer to him as the 'Technical Adviser of the Interior' or the 'River Improvement Engineer' rather than 'Employed Foreigner,' as he was often called.
Japanese: 日本の土木事業（河川改修や砂防）における功績を評価すると、「お雇い外国人」ではなく「内務省技術顧問」や「河川技術者」などといった呼び名の方が相応しいとも言える。
English: After meeting J. Lebret, a hydraulic engineer and an engineering official with the Netherlands Ministry of the Interior, he decided to become a civil engineer.
Japanese: オランダ内務省技官出の水理学者であるJ・レブレットに出会うことから土木の技術者としての道を歩み始めることになる。
English: J. Lebret, who had no children, taught Johannis de Rijke civil engineering, including mathematics, dynamics, and hydraulics, as his own child.
Japanese: 子供のいなかったレブレットは数学や力学や水理学など、土木工学に関する学問をデ・レーケに教えた。
English: In 1873, as a part of a project to introduce overseas learning and technologies in Japan, Johannis de Rijke, George Arnold Escher (G. A. Escher was among the university elite), and others were invited to Japan by the Meiji government. (G. A. Escher was a grade-one engineer and Johannis de Rijke was a grade-four engineer.)
Japanese: 1873年に明治政府による海外の学問や技術の国内導入制度において、内務省土木局に招かれ、ジョージ・アーノルド・エッセル（エッセルは大学でもエリート）らと共に来日した。（エッセルは1等工師でデ・レーケは4等工師）
English: They were involved in improvement work for the Yodo-gawa river and Mikuni Port, Escher in design and de Rijke in construction and supervision.
Japanese: 淀川の改修や三国港の改修などに関わり、エッセルは主に設計を、デ・レーケは施工や監理を中心に担当した。
English: Later, he took over the job of Cornelis Johannes Van Doorn and Escher, and become a civil engineering advisor and technical director at the Department of the Interior.
Japanese: 後に、ファン・ドールンやエッセルの後任として、内務省の土木技術の助言者や技術指導者として現場を指揮することになる。
English: He worked to control concurrent flooding, not stopping at construction work on discharge channels and diversion rivers, but systemizing erosion and torrent control and affrostation, the origin of the problem of flooding at river heads in mountainous areas.
Japanese: 水害を繰り返す河川を治めるため、放水路や分流の工事を行うだけでなく、根本的に重要であった水源の山地における砂防や治山の工事を体系づけた。
English: He devoted his heart and soul to the split-flow treatment of three downstream sections of the Kiso-gawa River, a project that extended over 10 years.
Japanese: 特に木曽川の下流三川分流計画には10年にわたり心血を注ぎ成功させた。
English: His achievements were highly acclaimed and in 1891, he was appointed technical adviser to the Department of the Interior (equivalent in rank to a permanent under-secretary of the Interior).
Japanese: これらの業績は高く評価され、1891年、内務省勅任官技術顧問（内務省事務次官に相当する）の扱いになる。
English: It was customary for individuals involved in projects to be invited a completion ceremony and to have their names inscribed on a monument; however, de Rijke was never invited nor was his name ever inscribed on any of the monuments that marked his work.
Japanese: 建設事業の竣工時において、事業関係者は招待されたり記念碑に連名されるのが慣例とされているが、デ・レーケが関連した全土木工事おいて、一度も招待を受けたことがなく、また彼の名も記されていない。
English: He was considered an employed foreigner (a behind-the-scenes player) at the Department of the Interior, and his official role was to conduct research and submit reports, and the authority to decide and execute projects remained with the Japanese government.
Japanese: あくまで内務省にとって彼はお雇い外国人（＝裏方）であり、彼の任務は調査と報告書提出のみであってそれを決定し遂行するのは日本側である、という事情が根本的な背景にあった。
English: It seems he was very proud of his work as an engineer, but he appears to have accepted his role as a behind-the-scenes player.
Japanese: 技術者としての誇りは相当に高かったはずだが、デ・レーケはそれを割り切っていたようである。
English: Japanese engineers began to be developed through higher education in hydrology at schools such as Koka Daigakko College (Currently the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Engineering) and in universities in the US and Europe.
Japanese: 後に、工科大学校（現・東京大学工学部）を始め、欧米諸国の大学で水文学をはじめとする高等教育を受けた内務省土木局の日本人技術者が台頭した。
English: De Rijke gradually lost his place to exhibit his skills; however, he fulfilled his responsibilities after the imperial appointment as technical adviser of the Department of the Interior
Japanese: 徐々に活躍の場を失うも、内務省勅任官技術顧問としての責務を全うした。
English: During his stay in Japan, he submitted 57 reports, received decorations twice, and upon his departure from Japan he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star as a person establishing the foundation for civil engineering in Japan.
Japanese: 在日中に提出した報告書は57編に上り、2度受勲され、帰国に当たって日本の土木の基礎を築いたとして勲二等瑞宝章を授与される。
English: He was awarded a retirement bonus equivalent to 400 million yen at today's rate, as an expression of appreciation from such high government officials as Koi FURUICHI, the chief of the Engineering Bureau at the Department of Interior.
Japanese: 退職金は、現在の価格にして4億円に相当したとされ、当時の上官で内務省土木局長だった古市公威ら高級官僚らの労いもあったとされる。
English: Soon after he was appointed as a representative of the Dutch government to serve as chief engineer for restoration operations on the Huangpu River in the city of Shanghai.
Japanese: まもなく、オランダ政府代表として、中国の上海市の黄浦江の改修事業の技師長として現地に赴く。
English: He was hired for his uncommon ability; however, dealing with problems such as the irresponsibility of construction organizations (Venders falsely claimed to be construction consultants but were in reality dredgers), problems with operating expenses due to confusion within the Chinese government, and difficulty dealing with the German and English governments and the mass media, led to the shortening of his life.
Japanese: 辣腕を振るうことになるが、建設系事業者（建設コンサルタントと称していたが実際は浚渫系専門業者などの詐称）の、いい加減さ・中国政府の未曾有の混迷による事業費問題・ドイツやイギリスの政府および報道機関への対応の苦慮…などによる心労が重なり、命を縮めることになる。
English: On January 17 of the same year, he was awarded the rank and order of merit (Ridder) and he joined the nobility in both name and in reality.
Japanese: 同年1月17日に勲爵位（ライデル）が送られ名実ともに、貴族の仲間入りを果たすことになった。
English: The award was given for his achievements on the Huangpu River restoration project as the representative of the Dutch government.
Japanese: オランダ政府代表として黄浦江改修事業の技師長としての功績によるものとされる。
English: Erosion-control dams and breakwaters that were built under de Rijke's supervision still exist throughout Japan, after more than 100 years.
Japanese: デ・レーケが指導や建設した砂防ダムや防波堤は、100年以上経過した現在でも日本各所に現存している。
English: In 1998, de Rijke's grandchild visited Japan and went to visit the Kiso-gawa River, an event which hit the news.
Japanese: 1998年にはデ・レーケの孫が来日し、木曽川などを視察し、話題になった。
English: Tadaaki CHIGUSA (Date of birth unknown - July 21, 1336) was a kuge (court noble) and busho (Japanese military commander) during the Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 千種忠顕（ちぐさただあき、生年不詳-1336年7月13日（延元元年/建武(日本)3年6月5日(旧暦)））は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代(日本)の公家、武将である。
English: Later, Tadaaki became a trusted vassal to Emperor Godaigo, which positioned him as an adversary to his father, who was scheming for the early investiture of Crown Prince Kuniyoshi.
Japanese: 更に後醍醐天皇に仕えてその近臣になったために皇太子邦良親王の早期即位を画策する父とは敵対関係になった。
English: In 1332, Tadaaki joined Emperor Godaigo in his exile to Oki no shima Island as punishment for the Genko Incident of 1331.
Japanese: 1332年（元弘2年/正慶元年）に、前年の元弘の変の戦後処理でにより後醍醐が隠岐島に流罪された時も随行した。
English: The following year, they escaped from Oki with help from Nagatoshi NAWA, and then joined Takauji ASHIKAGA and Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) for the attack of Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
Japanese: 翌年、名和長年の助けで隠岐を脱出した後に足利尊氏や赤松則村（円心）らとともに京都の六波羅探題攻めに参加する。
English: In the Kenmu Restoration established after the downfall of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Tadaaki was appointed an official of Zasso-Ketsudansho (agency of Kenmu government to file lawsuits); however, he was held responsible for problems in the new regime and was forced to enter the priesthood along with Nobufusa MADENOKOJI.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に開始された建武の新政では雑訴決断所の役人を務めたが、新政の混乱の責任を取らされ、万里小路宣房らとともに出家させられている。
English: Tadaaki fought with Takauji, who had returned to Kyoto with an army he had formed in Kyushu, but was defeated and killed by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA's forces in Nishi Sakamoto, Omi Province (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture).
Japanese: 九州で勢力を整えて翌年に再び京都へ迫った足利方と戦い、近江国西坂本（滋賀県大津市）で足利直義の軍に敗れ戦死する。
English: In the Kenmu Restoration, Tadaaki, Chikamitsu YUKI, Masashige KUSUNOKI, and Nagatoshi NAWA were called ' Samboku-Isso' (four meritorious retainers).
Japanese: 建武の新政では忠顕と結城親光、楠木正成、名和長年を合わせて「三木一草」と称された。
English: Nobufusa MADENOKOJI (1258 - November 11, 1348) was a court noble during the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 万里小路宣房（までのこうじのぶふさ、正嘉2年（1258年）-貞和4年/正平(日本)3年10月18日(旧暦)（1348年11月9日）?）は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代(日本)の公家である。
English: He worked during the reigns of Emperor Kameyama and Emperor Godaigo of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama), and he was appointed Kurodo (Chamberlain) and promoted to Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and Sangi (councillor).
Japanese: 大覚寺統の亀山天皇から後醍醐天皇に属して蔵人から蔵人頭、参議を歴任。
English: In 1324, during the Shochu Disturbance when the anti-shogunate plot by Emperor Godaigo was uncovered, he went to Kamakura himself to defend the emperor's action.
Japanese: 1324年（正中(日本)元年）に後醍醐天皇の討幕計画が発覚した正中の変では自ら鎌倉へ赴いて弁明をしている。
English: During the Genko War, he was retained by Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto), because his two sons were involved in the anti-shogunate movement.
Japanese: 元弘の乱では、2人の息子が討幕に関与したとして六波羅探題に拘束された。
English: After the fall of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), he was promoted to Juichii (Junior First Rank) in the Kenmu Restoration, and then held responsibility as Tonin (the director) for Zasso-Ketsudansho (agency of Kenmu government to file lawsuits).
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府滅亡後の建武の新政では従一位に叙せられて雑訴決断所の頭人を務める。
English: For this reason, when Takauji ASHIKAGA followed Emperor Godaigo, Nobufusa remained in Kyoto with the young bereaved child of Suefusa (Suefusa was killed at his place of exile during the fall of the Kamakura Bakufu).
Japanese: このため、足利尊氏が後醍醐天皇を追うと、宣房は幼い季房の遺児（季房は鎌倉幕府滅亡の混乱の最中に流刑先で殺害されている）とともに京都に残っている。
English: The Madenokoji family, which had held power in the Daikakuji-to for many years, became active as the Kuge of Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) (the Northern Court).
Japanese: このため、長年大覚寺統の重鎮であった万里小路家は、以後持明院統（北朝）方公家として活動することになった。
English: He was called one of the 'Nochi no Sanbo (three attendants to Emperor with the word 'fusa' attached to their names)' along with other personal attendants to Emperor Godaigo, Chikafusa KITABATAKE and Sadafusa YOSHIDA.
Japanese: 宣房は、後醍醐天皇の近臣である北畠親房、吉田定房と合わせて「後の三房」と併称された。
English: Nobufusa wrote a diary called "Madenokoji Ipponki," of which a fragment still remains.
Japanese: また『万里小路一品記』と呼ばれる日記を記しており、断片的に現存している。
English: Leaving behind a diary was considered, at the time, a requirement for court nobles as a means of leaving behind a reference to duties to be performed by court nobles and for the descendants who would carry on the family name; therefore, his father, Sukemichi, who was given a leisurely post, did not write a diary.
Japanese: 日記を残すことは当時の公家が政務を円滑に行い、子孫が家名を維持するためにも必要不可欠な行動であり、閑職に終わった父・資通は日記を残していない。