nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It was since the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 that settling of international issues by force has been seen as a problem under a normative influence of international law, and it was after the beginning of the United Nations Charter of 1945 that threatening against a state was forbidden – those are realities of functional operation of the norm of the international law at that time.
Japanese: 当時、国際法の規範的影響力において、武力による国際問題解決が問題視されるのは1919年のヴェルサイユ条約からであり、国家への脅迫が禁止されのは1945年の国際連合憲章が始まったのが国際法規範の機能面における実態である。
English: Under these circumstances, the interpretation that the treaty with Japan who actually ruled the Korean Peninsula at that time was invalid is regarded as 'legally non-retroactive' interpretation in Japan and among the advocates of validity and/or legality.
Japanese: これらの実態から、当時、朝鮮半島を実行支配していた日本との協約を無効だとする解釈は「法の不遡及」的解釈であるとする考え方が日本や有効・合法論においての考え方である。
English: On the other hand, many of the arguments which insist this treaty and the treaty of the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty are invalid mention following reasons.
Japanese: 一方、本協約および日韓併合条約が無効であるとする議論の多くは、次のことを理由にしている。
English: Many of the advocates of invalidity think it is invalid because compulsion and a threat were imposed both on the state (The Korean Empire) and the individual (Emperor Gao Zong [Korean King]).
Japanese: 無効論者の多くは本協約について、国家（大韓帝国）と個人（皇帝・高宗(朝鮮王)）の両方に強制と脅迫が加えられたために無効であると考えている。
English: Since those days, the compulsory signing had been thought separately divided into a threat against a state and compulsion against an individual who represents the state.
Japanese: 強制調印については、当時から、国家に対する威圧と国家を代表する個人への強制に分けて考えられていた。
English: In international law, rather than at the point whether there was also a threat against an individual or there was only a pressure against a state, at the point whether people recognize or not that norms or regulations in the international common law which invalidates conclusion of treaties under threat could exist at the time of 1905, arguments and positions have been separated to the highest degree.
Japanese: 国際法上では、個人に対する脅迫もあったか国家に対する圧力のみかという論点よりも、強制に基づく条約調印を無効とする国際慣習法上の規範もしくは規則が1905年当時に存在していたと認識するか否かという論点において、最も大きく議論と立場が分かれている。
English: In the conference of the academic project 'Review of "the Annexation of Korea" in history and international law' held at Harvard University in the USA (State of Massachusetts) in 2001, British researchers and others insisted on its validity and legality, which has not allowed views of invalidity and/or illegality to become generally acceptable.
Japanese: 2001年にアメリカのハーバード大学（マサチューセッツ州）で開催された学術プロジェクト「『韓国併合』の歴史的・国際法学的再検討」会議ではイギリスの研究者らが有効・合法論を主張し、無効・違法論は一般的な説になり得てはいない。
English: However, in Asia other than Korea and African areas, a movement to see this kind of treaty as 'invalid and/or illegal' is rising.
Japanese: しかし、韓国以外のアジア・アフリカ地域でもこの種の条約を「無効・違法」と考える動きが出てきている。
English: Yujo or Asobime was a prostitute who did sexual service to men at yukaku (prostitute quarters) or a posting station, and the meaning of yujo is generally considered 'a woman who has her guest make merry.'
Japanese: 遊女（ゆうじょ、あそびめ）とは、遊郭や宿場で男性に性的サービスをした娼婦で、「客を遊ばせる女性｣と言う意味が一般的である。
English: The naming of 'yujo' had existed since old times, and it originally referred to the women in general who were engaged in the performing arts, so it did not necessarily mean prostitute only.
Japanese: 「遊女」という呼称は古くからあり、元来、芸能に従事する女性一般を指したものであり、とりたてて売春専業者を意味するものではなかった。
English: For example, the Sarashina Nikki (Sarashina Diary) has a description in which a traveling party including the author in her girlhood appreciated singing of yujo in the lodging at the foot of Mt. Ashigara.
Japanese: たとえば更級日記には、少女時代の作者を含む旅の一行が足柄山麓の宿で遊女の歌を鑑賞するくだりがある。
English: There have been many names referring to yujo since ancient times; in old "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), it was called ukareme, and in the Heian period it became asobi instead.
Japanese: 古来より数多くの呼称があり、古く『万葉集』には、遊行女婦（うかれめ）の名で書かれており、平安時代になるとこれに代わって遊女（あそび）がでてくる。
English: During the medieval period, they were called kugutsume, shirabyoshi, keisei, or joro.
Japanese: 中世には、傀儡女（くぐつめ）や白拍子（しらびょうし）、傾城（けいせい）、上臈（じょうろう）などと呼ばれていた。
English: In the early-modern times, the names such as joro, yukun, shogi appeared.
Japanese: 近世になると、女郎（じょろう）、遊君（ゆうくん）、娼妓（しょうぎ）といった呼称もあらわれる。
English: Yuna, a woman who worked for a bathhouse, and meshimori onna, a woman who worked for a inn were more lowbrow prostitute.
Japanese: 湯屋で働く湯女（ゆな）や、旅籠で働く飯盛女（めしもりおんな）はより大衆的な売春婦であった。
English: Other than these, there were tsujigimi and yotaka, women who walked the streets.
Japanese: そのほかにも街頭で色香を売る辻君（つじぎみ）や夜鷹（よたか）もいた。
English: The main work of yujo from the Nara through the Heian periods was to spread the art for amusement in synthesis of Buddhism and Shinto, and later it gradually came to spread the art for amusement only.
Japanese: 奈良期から平安期における遊女の主たる仕事は、神仏一致の遊芸による伝播であり、その後遊芸伝承が次第に中心となる。
English: In Japan, it is a matter of course that matrilineal marriage lasted until the early Kamakura period, but as succession in the male line became common, a man hardly came to visit his spouse's family, but came to have his own residence as a second house.
Japanese: 日本に於いては、母系婚が鎌倉初期まで続いた事は論を俟たないが、男系相続の進展と共に、母系の婚家に男が通う形態から、まず、別宅としての男性主体の住処が成立した。
English: As a result, a new class of women who served such second house on condition that they had a sexual act with their master came into existence.
Japanese: その結果、そこに侍る女性としての性行為を前提とする新たな女性層が生まれる。
English: This formed a big turning point for putting a sexual act itself on the market from the equivalent sexual act for fertility and family prosperity, which had lasted since the primitive period.
Japanese: これは、原始から綿々と続いた、子孫繁栄のための対等な性行為から、性行為自体を商品化する大きな転機となる。
English: It is exactly this period of time when women who lost a support for independence became a 'prostitute' for living.
Japanese: 自立する拠り所を失った女性が、生活のために性行為を行う「売春」が発生するのは、正にこの時期である。
English: Then they heightened a sexual act itself to the art of amusement, and yujo, as a professional group of prostitutes, was established.
Japanese: そして、性行為自体の技を遊芸の域に高め、その専門家集団としての遊女が確立していく。
English: Prostitute is commonly called the oldest profession in the world, and Japanese yujo also existed since old times.
Japanese: 売春婦は俗に世界最古の職業と言われるが、日本の遊女も古くから存在していた。
English: As well as prostitutes in a sanctuary in various foreign countries, Japanese yujo once sang and danced in the shrine, serving a god as a shrine maiden.
Japanese: 諸外国の神殿娼婦と同様、日本の遊女もかつては神社で巫女として神に仕えながら歌や踊りを行っていた。
English: However, it is considered that later they came to leave the shrine and wander around various areas, singing and dancing at the posting station and a harbor, meanwhile they also sold sexual acts.
Japanese: しかし、後に神社を去って諸国を漂泊し、宿場や港で歌や踊りをしながら一方で性も売る様になったものと思われる。
English: On the one hand, there are some scholars who think that yujo had something to do with 'gijo' (music-playing women) in 'Naikyobo,' a training center of Imperial dancing and music.
Japanese: 一方で遊女と内裏の舞踊・音楽の教習所である「内教坊」の「伎女」になんらかの関連があると考える研究者もいる。
English: During the Heian period, the word, 'yujo,' came into existence, and especially yujo in Eguchi and Kanzaki region (Amagasaki City), which had flourished for water transport of Osaka Bay and Yodo-gawa Water System, were known.
Japanese: 平安時代に「遊女」の語が現れ、特に大阪湾と淀川水系の水運で栄えた江口・神崎(尼崎市)の遊女が知られている。
English: During the Kamakura period, yujo such as shirabyoshi and shukushuku no yukun appeared, but both Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) exercised strict control over yujo and collected taxes.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代には白拍子・宿々の遊君といった遊女が現れたが、鎌倉幕府・室町幕府も遊女を取り締まり、税を徴収した。
English: In 1584, during the reign of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the first yukaku was built at the north bank of the present Dotonbori-gawa River in Osaka.
Japanese: 1584年（天正13年）、豊臣秀吉の治世に、今の大阪の道頓堀川北岸に最初の遊廓がつくられた。
English: In 1612, the Tokugawa bakufu built Yoshiwara yukaku near Ningyo-cho, Nihonbashi in Edo.
Japanese: 徳川幕府は江戸に1612年（慶長17年）日本橋人形町付近に吉原遊廓を設けた。
English: During the first half of the 17th century, yukaku in Osaka was moved to Shinmachi (Shinmachi yukaku), and Kyoto Yanagimachi yukaku was to Shujakano (Shimabara yukaku); besides Yoshiwara yukaku was moved to near Nihonzutsumi, Asakusa in the end.
Japanese: 17世紀前半に、大坂の遊郭を新町（新町遊廓）へ、京都柳町の遊郭を朱雀野（島原遊廓）に移転した他、吉原遊廓を最終的に浅草日本堤付近に移転した。
English: Although Shimabara, Shinmachi, and Yoshiwara were three big yukaku (there is also an opinion that Nagasaki Maruyama and Ise Furuichi are included instead of Osaka Shinmachi), there were twenty and more licensed yukaku all over Japan, and prostitutes called meshimori onna were at each post stations.
Japanese: 島原、新町、吉原が公許の三大遊郭（大阪・新町のかわりに長崎・丸山、伊勢・古市を入れる説もある）であったが、ほかにも全国20数カ所に公許の遊廓が存在し、各宿場にも飯盛女と言われる娼婦がいた。
English: In 1873, the emancipation of prostitute act was issued, but it was only claimed in theory that prostitutes worked by their free will, and the actual condition that they were in the circumstances of being over head and ears in debt was not changed.
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）、芸娼妓解放令が出されたが、娼婦が自由意思で営業しているというたてまえになっただけで、前借金に縛られた境遇という実態は変わらなかった。
English: In 1946, yukaku were abolished by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) and red-light districts appeared instead, but Anti-Prostitution Law went into effect in 1958 and they also disappeared temporarily.
Japanese: 1946年に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により遊郭は廃止され赤線に看板を変えるが、これも1958年売春防止法の施行によりいったんは消滅した。
English: Then a part of them revived as 'Turkish bath' (the present massage parlor called soap land), which has lasted until today.
Japanese: その後、それらの一部は「トルコ風呂」（現在のソープランド）という形で復活し、現在まで存続している。
English: A few ryokan, Japanese-style inns, also have the same kind of service apart from lodging business.
Japanese: 旅館などの一部にも、わずかながら、宿泊業務と別にいまだ同様のサービスをしている所もある。
English: Generally speaking, they entertained male guests at a banquet with their arts for amusement including dancing, and depending on the period and location of industry, they sometimes offered sexual service that involved sex in accordance with a request of the guest.
Japanese: 一般的には、宴会席で男性客に踊りを始めとする遊芸を主に接待し、時代、及び立地により、客の求めに応じて性行為を伴う性的サービスをする事もあった。
English: A part of yujo in the Edo period were women who had been sold from a pander, but most of the high ranking yujo were born to a red-light district or the family of light accomplishments; of such girls, those who were bright and beautiful since they were young were trained as kaburo (child attendants of prostitutes).
Japanese: 江戸時代の遊女の一部は女衒から売られた女性であったが、高級遊女の大部分は、廓の中や、遊芸者層で生まれた女子の中で、幼少時から利発かつ明眸皓歯な者が、禿として見習いから育てられた。
English: Though, there were many yujo who were redeemed and got married or kept by a man; there were also some yujo who became yarite (female managers) or nuiko (literally, a girl who sews), spending their whole life in the red-light district.
Japanese: しかし、それ以前に身請されて結婚、あるいは囲われる者も多く、また一部はやり手、縫い子となり、一生を廓の中で過ごす者も存在した。
English: However, it is said that Tayu in Shimabara was not yujo but geigi because they did not have sexual relationships with their guests.
Japanese: ただし嶋原の太夫は体を売らなかったので芸妓であって遊女ではないともいわれる。
English: Yobidashi (during the Horeki era, they were the highest ranking prostitute, but died a natural death at the end of Bunsei era (1818-1829).)
Japanese: 呼出し（宝暦以降では最上位の女郎であったが、文政年間末に自然消滅する）
English: Today yujo does not exist legally, but a part of yukaku's tradition has been preserved as tourism resources, which can be seen in a tourist bus tour that operates on a fixed schedule, or at Japanese style theme parks and festivals all over Japan.
Japanese: 現在では法律上遊女は存在しないが、遊郭の伝統の一部は観光資源として保存され、定期観光バスや和風テーマパーク、および各地の祭りで見る事が出来る
English: At Antique Kimono Museum Japan, many kimono which were worn in the oiran dochu processions from the Edo to the Meiji periods are displayed
Japanese: 日本昔きもの美術館では江戸時代～明治時代の花魁道中着を多数展示している
English: The Isshi Incident was a coup which occurred during Asuka period when Emperor Tenchi and FUJIWARA no Kamatari assassinated SOGA no Iruka inside the Imperial Court, which led to the fall of the Soga clan (head family of the Soga clan).
Japanese: 乙巳の変（いっしのへん・おっしのへん）は天智天皇、藤原鎌足らが宮中で蘇我入鹿を暗殺して蘇我氏（蘇我本宗家）を滅ぼした飛鳥時代の政変。
English: After that, Prince Naka no Oe carried out a reform called the Taika Reforms.
Japanese: その後、中大兄皇子は体制を刷新して大化の改新と呼ばれる改革を断行した。
English: Although the assassination of SOGA no Iruka is sometimes referred to as the 'Taika Reforms,' the series of political reforms carried out after the 'Isshi Incident,' which was a coup d'etat, are the 'Taika Reforms' in a narrow sense.
Japanese: 俗に蘇我入鹿が殺された事件のことを指して「大化の改新」と言うこともあるが、厳密にはクーデターである「乙巳の変」の後に行われた一連の政治改革が「大化の改新」である。
English: Prince Umayado (also known as Prince Shotoku) who was in charge of the Imperial Court died on April 11, 622.
Japanese: 推古天皇30年2月22日(旧暦)（622年4月8日）（同29年2月5日(旧暦)説もある）、朝廷の政を執っていた厩戸皇子（聖徳太子）が死去した。
English: Due to the death of Prince Shotoku, there was no one who could control such powerful family as Soga clan, and thus the Soga clan began exercising tyrannical power that eventually exceeded the power of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 聖徳太子の死により大豪族蘇我氏を抑える者がいなくなり、蘇我氏の専横は甚だしいものになり、その権勢は天皇家を凌ぐほどになった。
English: On June 22, 626, SOGA no Emishi became a minister after the death of his father, SOGA no Umako.
Japanese: 推古天皇34年5月20日(旧暦)（626年6月19日）、蘇我馬子が死に、子の蘇我蝦夷がかわって大臣となった。
English: On April 18, 628, Empress Suiko passed away without deciding her successor.
Japanese: 推古天皇36年3月7日(旧暦)（628年4月15日）、推古天皇が後嗣を指名することなく崩御した。
English: Prince Yamashiro no Oe had a closer blood relation with the Soga clan (Prince Shotoku was biologically related to the Soga clan, and Prince Yamashiro no Oe's mother was a younger sister of Emishi), however, Emishi recommended Prince Tamura for the next Imperial Throne since he disliked Jogu Oke (Prince Shotoku's family line) to gain more power by choosing the competent prince Yamashiro no Oe for the next emperor.
Japanese: 血統的には山背大兄王の方が蘇我氏に近いが（聖徳太子は蘇我氏の血縁であり、山背大兄王の母は蝦夷の妹である）、有能な山背大兄王が皇位につき上宮王家（聖徳太子の家系）が勢力を持つことを嫌った蝦夷は田村皇子を次期皇位に推した。
English: Emishi enthroned Prince Tamura by murdering his uncle SAKAIBE no Marise who recommended Prince Yamashiro no Oe.
Japanese: 蝦夷は山背大兄王を推す叔父の境部摩理勢を滅ぼして、田村皇子を即位させることを強行する。
English: Since the Soga clan gained even more power, members of powerful clans stopped attending to the Imperial Court, but instead regularly visited the residence of the Soga family to serve them.
Japanese: 蘇我氏の勢いはますます盛んになり、豪族たちは朝廷に出仕せず、もっぱら蘇我家に出仕する有り様となった。
English: Although Prince Oha (a son of Emperor Bindatsu) made a suggestion of ringing a bell as a sign for the officials to come out to serve the Imperial Court since they were neglecting their duties, this idea was refused by Emishi.
Japanese: 大派王（敏達天皇の皇子）は、群卿が朝廷に出仕することを怠っているので今後は鐘を合図に出仕させることにしようと建議したが蝦夷はこれを拒んだ。
English: On November 20, 641, Princess Takara was enthroned after the death of her husband, Emperor Jomei.
Japanese: 舒明天皇13年10月9日(旧暦)（641年11月17日）、舒明天皇は崩御し、皇后であった宝皇女が即位した。
English: In July, 642, when Emishi offered a statue of Bosatsu as well as Shitenno (the Four Devas) statues to Hyakusai-ji Temple and gathered a group of monks to read a sutra and burn incense to pray for rain due to a long drought, it rained a little bit the next day but did not the following day.
Japanese: 642年7月、日照りが続いたため蝦夷は百済寺に菩薩像と四天王像をまつり衆僧に読経させ焼香して雨を祈ったところ、翌日、僅かに降ったが、その翌日には降らなかった。
English: In August, as soon as Empress Kogyoku prayed for rain by bowing to all directions along the river in Minamibuchi, thunder started rumbling and it kept raining for five days.
Japanese: 8月、皇極天皇が南淵の川辺で四方を拝して雨を祈ったところ、たちまち雷雨となり、5日間続いた。
English: It explained what was written later in 'Nihonshoki' by stating that the Soga clan and the Imperial Family compared the ability as a prayer which was seen as one of the qualifications for the leader in ancient Japan and that the Imperial Family was more competent.
Japanese: これは蘇我氏と天皇家が古代君主の資格である祈祷力比べを行い、天皇家が勝っていたと後に書かれた史書の「日本書紀」が主張していることを意味する。
English: In the same year, Emishi and his son Iruka mobilized citizens including members of Prince Shotoku's family to construct their mausoleum, which made a daughter of Prince Shotoku, Princess Iratsume, very angry.
Japanese: 同年、蝦夷とその子の入鹿は自分たちの陵墓の築造のために、天下の民を動員、聖徳太子の一族の領民も動員されたため太子の娘の大娘姫王はこれを嘆き抗議した。
English: In October, 643, due to his sickness, Emishi handed over his rank Shikan to Iruka which allowed him to be a minister and let his second son to be Mononobe minister without the permission from the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 643年10月、蝦夷は病気を理由に朝廷の許しも得ずに紫冠を入鹿に授け大臣となし、次男を物部の大臣となした。
English: In November of the same year, Iruka felt the need to kill Prince Yamashiro no Oe who had the right of succession to the Imperial Throne since he wanted Prince Furuhito no Oe to be the next emperor who was biologically related to the Soga clan.
Japanese: 同年11月、入鹿は蘇我氏の血をひく古人大兄皇子を天皇に為さんと欲し、そのためには有力な皇位継承権者である山背大兄王の存在が邪魔であると考えた。
English: Iruka sent troops led by KOSE no Tokuta and HAJI no Saba no Muraji to attack Ikaruganomiya Palace where Prince Yamashiro no Oe resided.
Japanese: 入鹿は巨勢徳太、土師娑婆連の軍勢をさしむけ、山背大兄王の住む斑鳩宮を攻めさせた。
English: Prince Yamashiro no Oe and dozens of his palace servants fought back madly and killed HAJI no Saba no Muraji, however, they were forced to evacuate to Mt. Ikoma.
Japanese: 山背大兄王は舎人数十人をもって必死に防戦して土師娑婆連を戦死させるが、持ちこたえられず生駒山へ逃れた。
English: When Prince Yamashiro no Oe's close adviser, MIWA no Fumiya no Kimi, suggested him to escape to the east, he turned down this offer by saying he did not want the citizens to suffer anymore.
Japanese: 山背大兄王の側近の三輪文屋君は東国へ逃れて再挙することを勧めるが、山背大兄王は民に苦しみを与えることになると取り上げなかった。
English: After returning to Ikaruga-dera Temple, Prince Yamashiro no Oe committed suicide with his children which led to the fall of Jogu Oke by leaving no descendants of Prince Shotoku.
Japanese: 山背大兄王は斑鳩寺に戻り、王子とともに自殺して聖徳太子の血をひく上宮王家は滅亡した。
English: When Emishi heard about Iruka's outrage against Prince Yamashiro no Oe and his family, he responded by saying 'you put yourself in danger.'
Japanese: 入鹿が山背大兄王一族を滅ぼした暴挙を聞いた蝦夷は「自分の身を危うくするぞ」と嘆いた。
English: Since NAKATOMI no Kamako whose clan was in charge of important national rites detested the tyranny of the Soga clan, he secretly worked out a plan to overthrow the clan.
Japanese: 神祇を職とする一族の中臣鎌子は蘇我氏の専横を憎み蘇我氏打倒の計画を密にすすめた。
English: Kamako first approached Emperor Kotoku, however, he needed someone who was more capable of playing the central role in the coup.
Japanese: 鎌子はまず、孝徳天皇に接近するが、その器量に飽き足らず、クーデターの中心たりえる人物を探した。
English: Kamako picked up Prince Naka no Oe's shoe when it came off and presented it to him when they were playing a ball game at Horyu-ji Temple.
Japanese: 法興寺の打毬で、中大兄皇子の皮鞋が脱げたのを鎌子が拾って中大兄皇子へ捧げた。
English: It is said that Prince Naka no Oe and Kamako held a secret conversation about the overturn of the Soga clan on their way home and to the MINABUCHI no Shoan's private school where they learned the teachings of Shuko and Confucius.
Japanese: 中大兄皇子と鎌子は南淵請安の私塾で周孔の教えを学び、その往復の途上に蘇我氏打倒の密談を行ったとされる。
English: Kamako also convinced SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro who was a dominant figure in the Soga clan to be their comrade, and his daughter married to Prince Naka no Oe.
Japanese: 鎌子は更に蘇我一族の有力者である蘇我倉山田石川麻呂を同志に引き入れ、その娘を中大兄皇子の妃とした。
English: In 645, messengers from Three Kingdoms of Korea (Silla, Baekje and Goguryeo) came to Japan to deliver some gifts (called Sangoku no Shirabe).
Japanese: 645年、三韓（新羅、百済、高句麗）から進貢（三国の調）の使者が来日した。
English: (According to Daishokukanden [a book written by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro in the eighth century] the visit of envoys from Three Kingdoms of Korea to Japan was a setup to lure Iruka.)
Japanese: （大織冠伝には三韓の使者の来日は入鹿をおびき寄せる偽りであったとされている）
English: On June 12 of the same year, when Empress Kogyoku arrived at Daigokuden having Prince Furuhito no Oe guarding her close by, Iruka entered the Imperial Court where the ceremony of Sangoku no Shirabe took place.
Japanese: 同年6月12日、三国の調の儀式の儀式が行われ、皇極天皇が大極殿に出御し、古人大兄皇子が側に侍し、入鹿も入朝した。
English: Although Iruka was a very cautious man and always carried his sword day and night, they prepared an actor to convince him to take his sword off.
Japanese: 入鹿は猜疑心が強く日夜剣を手放さなかったが、俳優（道化）に言い含めて、剣をはずさせていた。
English: They made AMANOINUKAI no Katsumaro carry two swords and let SAEKI no Komaro and KATSURAGINO-WAKAINUKAINO Amita have each.
Japanese: 海犬養勝麻呂に二振りの剣を運ばせ佐伯子麻呂と葛城稚犬養網田に与えた。
English: Those two who were given the role to actually kill Iruka were so terrified that they threw up immediately after eating rice mixed with water.
Japanese: 入鹿を斬る役目を任された二人は恐怖し、飯に水をかけて飲み込むが、たちまち吐き出すありさまだった。
English: As ISHIKAWA no Maro carried on reading the memorials, he began sweating and his voice and hands started shaking since Komaro did not show up.
Japanese: 石川麻呂が表文を読み進めるが子麻呂らは現れない、恐怖のあまり全身汗にまみれ、声が乱れ、手が震えた。
English: Prince Naka no Oe jumped out thinking Komaro was too frightened of Iruka to carry out the plan.
Japanese: 中大兄皇子は子麻呂らが入鹿の威を恐れて進み出られないのだと判断し、自らおどり出た。
English: Iruka fell over and said to the empress by prostrating himself 'What did I do to deserve this treatment? Please punish them.'
Japanese: 入鹿は倒れて天皇の御座へ叩頭して言った「私に何の罪があるのか。お裁き下さい」。
English: Prince Naka no Oe answered by saying 'Iruka tried to usurp the Imperial Throne by killing members of the Imperial Family.'
Japanese: 中大兄皇子は「入鹿は皇族を滅ぼして、皇位を奪おうとしました」と答えた。
English: Prince Furuhito no Oe ran back to his place (it is suggested that he then said 'Koreans killed Iruka').
Japanese: 古人大兄皇子は私宮へ逃げ帰った（このとき皇子は「韓人（からひと）、鞍作（入鹿）を殺しつ」（「韓人殺鞍作臣吾心痛矣」）と述べたという）。
English: Although naturalized citizens of the Yamatonoaya clan gathered at the Soga clan's house to support Emishi, KOSE no Tokuta who was sent by Prince Naka no Oe managed to convince them to leave, which made troops on the Soga side scattered away (another theory states that the Soga clan lost their will to fight when Prince Furuhito no Oe became a monk at Asuka-dera Temple since he was who they were fighting for).
Japanese: 帰化人の東漢氏の一族は蝦夷に味方しようと蘇我氏の舘に集まったが、中大兄皇子が巨勢徳陀を派遣して説得して立ち去り、蘇我家の軍衆はみな逃げ散ってしまった（飛鳥寺での古人大兄皇子の出家を受け、旗印を無くした蘇我氏の戦意喪失を図ったとする説もある）。
English: The next day, on June 13, Iruka set his house on fire to commit suicide, burning down rare items like "Tennoki" (Record of the Emperors) and "Kokki" (National Record).
Japanese: 翌6月13日、蝦夷は舘に火を放ち『天皇記』、『国記』、その他の珍宝を焼いて自殺した。
English: FUNE no Fuhito Esaka was able to save "Kokki" from the fire and presented it to Prince Naka no Oe.
Japanese: 船史恵尺がこのうち『国記』を火中から拾い出して中大兄皇子へ献上した。
English: The theory states that from the circumstance evidence Prince Karu was the true ringleader and killed the Soga clan in order to carry out the Japanese first abdication; Kogyoku stepping down from the throne and Kotoku ascending the throne (suggested by Mitsuo TOYAMA).
Japanese: 前後の状況証拠から、軽皇子が真の首謀者であり、皇極の退位・孝徳の即位という日本初の譲位を断行するために蘇我氏を倒したとする説（遠山美都男）。
English: Takashi YOSHIDA's view states that the reason SOGA no Iruka strove for the concentration of authority by destroying Prince Yamashiro no Oe was to do with the coup carried out by Gaisobun EN in Goguryeo, and furthermore; Isshi Incident was easily accepted by the officials since it was similar to the enthronement of the Queen under the Royal Family based on the political structure formed after the suppression of Pidam War done by Yushin KIM in Silla.
Japanese: 蘇我入鹿が山背大兄王を滅ぼし権力集中を図ったのは、高句麗における淵蓋蘇文のクーデターを意識しており、乙巳の変は新羅における金ユ信らによる毗曇の内乱鎮圧後の王族中心体制の元での女王推戴と類似していたが故に諸臣に受け入れられやすかったとする吉田孝の見解がある。
English: According to the results of the excavation which started from 2005, the SOGA no Iruka's residence was found on Amakashi Hill in Asuka as well as the barracks and weapon storage at 'Tani no Mikado.'
Japanese: 2005年から始まった発掘の結果、飛鳥甘樫丘で蘇我入鹿の邸宅が、「谷の宮門（たにのみかど）」の谷の宮門で兵舎と武器庫の存在が確認された。
English: Furthermore, another theory states that judging from the locations of SOGA no Emishi residence and Asuka-dera Temple, the Soga clan was trying to guard the capital by building forts around Asuka Itabuki no Miya Palace.
Japanese: また蘇我蝦夷の邸宅の位置や蘇我氏が建立した飛鳥寺の位置から、蘇我氏は飛鳥板蓋宮の周り砦を置き外敵から都を守ろうとしたのではないかという説が出されている。
English: The Soga clan had a sense of danger that Japan was also exposed to the menace of Tang Dynasty which was founded in 618 as it was growing its clout in the Korean peninsula.
Japanese: 当時618年に成立した唐が朝鮮半島に影響力を及ぼし、倭国も唐の脅威にさらされているという危機感を蘇我氏は持っていた。
English: On the other hand, the conservatives like NAKATOMI no Kamako and Prince Naka no Oe were in favor of their original 'Baekje focused' policy, and therefore destroyed the Soga clan who were 'liberals.'
Japanese: それに対し、従来の「百済重視」の外交路線をとる中臣鎌足や中大兄皇子ら保守派が「開明派」の蘇我氏を倒したと言うものである。
English: After the fall of the Soga clan, the conservatives moved ahead with the Baekje focused policy, which failed when the Battle of Hakusukinoe (the battle of Baekgan) broke out.
Japanese: 蘇我氏打倒後、保守派は百済重視外交を推し進め、白村江の戦いでそれが破綻する。