nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When the third Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, opened trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China, their disciples worked as advisers on diplomacy.
Japanese: 彼らの弟子僧が3代将軍の足利義満時代に中国の明朝と日明貿易（勘合貿易）を開始する際には外交顧問にもなる。
English: This coming together of samurai and Buddhist society influenced both aristocratic and samurai culture.
Japanese: このような武家と仏教界の接近は貴族文化及び武士文化の影響を及ぼした。
English: This fusion can be seen in the Kitayama culture, such as Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple), of Yoshimitsu's rule and the Higashiyama culture, such as Jisho-ji Temple (Ginkaku-ji Temple), of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's rule.
Japanese: 義満の時代の鹿苑寺（金閣寺）など北山文化や足利義政時代の慈照寺（銀閣寺）など東山文化に融合の後を見ることができる。
English: The culture of the Muromachi period also saw the birth of many aspect of Japanese culture that remain today, including 'suibokuga' ink-wash painting, the 'shoin-zukuri' style of residential architecture, the Japanese tea ceremony, ikebana flower arrangement and dry landscape gardens.
Japanese: 室町時代の文化には仏教に影響された水墨画・書院造・茶道・生け花・枯山水の庭園など、後世に残る多くの作品が生まれた。
English: In addition, in order to secure a stable income, some temples entered the money lending business, using revenue from their territories and from 'shidosen' (mortuary donations) as capital.
Japanese: また、寺院の中には安定した収入を確保するために、所領からの収入や祠堂銭（供養料）などを元手に金融業に進出するところもあった。
English: Moreover, some people entrusted their money to temples, which at that time were becoming fortified, and this money was also used as capital.
Japanese: また、当時城砦化が進んでいた寺院に資産を預ける人々もおりその資産も元手となった。
English: However, sometimes people who could not bear the high interest rates rose up demanding cancellation of debt (tokusei ikki) and attacked the temples.
Japanese: しかし、高利での貸付に耐え切れなくなった人々が徳政一揆を引き起こし、寺院がその攻撃の対象となることもある。
English: In addition, Rennyo of the Jodo Shinshu sect and Nisshin of the Nichiren sect were famous propagandists of the time.
Japanese: ちなみに、この時代の布教者としては浄土真宗の蓮如や日蓮宗の日親などが有名である。
English: Later, the Honganji Kyodan organization, which was revived and established by Rennyo of the Jodo Shinshu sect after overcoming obstructions from Mt. Hiei amongst others, set up a powerful lay organization called Monto, which came to be equal to the sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) who replaced the shugo daimyo after the Onin War.
Japanese: 後に浄土真宗の蓮如が叡山などの妨害を乗り越えて再興し、作り上げた本願寺教団は、門徒と呼ばれる強大な信徒集団を獲得し、応仁の乱後守護大名に取って代わった戦国大名に匹敵するほどにまでなった。
English: Moreover, under the name 'Ikko sect' (although 'Ikko sect' can also refer to sects other than the Jodo Shinshu sect) and united by faith, they reduced the power of the traditional shugo daimyo.
Japanese: また、一向宗とも呼ばれる（ただし、「一向宗」という言葉には浄土真宗と別宗派を指す用法もある）ように、彼らは信仰の下に団結していて、旧来の守護大名の勢力を逼迫していった。
English: Most notably, the well-known uprisings (Ikko Ikki) by Ikko sect followers, such as that in Kaga Province put pressure on the shugo daimyo and led to expanded autonomy (mainly in jurisdiction and the right to collect taxes).
Japanese: 中でも、加賀国一揆等の一向一揆が有名で、数々の守護大名を圧して自治権（主に徴税権と裁判権）の拡大を行った。
English: For this reason, sengoku daimyo who hoped to expand their control, were forced to choose between compromise or conflict with these groups, with most of them choosing to compromise.
Japanese: そのため、支配を拡げようとする戦国大名はこれらの勢力と妥協するか対立するか選択を迫られ、多くが妥協の道をとった。
English: Among the Ikko Ikki in various provinces, Gansho-ji Temple in Nagashima, Ise Province in particular fought against Nobunaga ODA with great tenacity.
Japanese: 諸国の一向一揆の中でも特に伊勢国長島の願証寺は織田信長に頑強に抵抗した。
English: Moreover, Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, the headquarters of Ikko followers, grew into an organization that was a strong as the sengoku daimyo families.
Japanese: 更に諸国の一向門徒の総本山であった石山本願寺は、さながら戦国大名家のような強固な組織となった。
English: However, during Kennyo's time, it became mired in war, (known as the 'Ishiyama War'), for ten years (including a ceasefire) and withdrew from Ishiyama.
Japanese: が、顕如の時代に織田信長と対立、「石山合戦」と呼ばれる前後十年（途中の休戦を挟む）に及ぶ泥沼の戦争を経て、石山から退去した。
English: Additionally, in Mikawa Province, where Ikko followers were especially powerful, they were suppressed by the young Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, causing a conflict that split the movement in two.
Japanese: また、一向門徒の勢力が強かった三河国でも、若き日の徳川家康が弾圧を行い、家中が二分する争乱となっている。
English: There is also a famous story that Nobunaga ODA held a religious debate (known as the Azuchi shuron) between priests of the Nichiren sect and priests of the Jodo sect, declaring the Jodo sect the winner.
Japanese: また、織田信長は日蓮宗の僧と浄土宗の僧と宗論（安土宗論）させ、浄土宗に軍配を上げた話も有名である。
English: It is said that in this debate he handed down a judgment favorable to the Jodo sect because he was tired of the aimed Nichiren sect's conflicts with other sects.
Japanese: この宗論は日蓮宗が他宗と対立することを抑えようとして、浄土宗に有利な裁定を下したとされている。
English: Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI built Osaka-jo Castle on the site of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, but he basically tried to remain on good terms with temples.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉は石山本願寺跡に大坂城を建てたが、彼は基本的に寺院勢力との仲を良好にしようとした。
English: For example, he dispatched his younger brother, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, to Yamato Province, where war had caused a great deal of damage to the temples but the warrior monks still held a lot of influence, and was able to bring about a peaceful settlement.
Japanese: 中でも戦乱による寺院の被害が多い一方で僧兵の影響力が大きかった大和には弟豊臣秀長を派遣し、円満にまとめ上げた。
English: In addition, he carried out a 'Sword Hunt' confiscating the weapons not only of peasants but also of temples, which played apart in the disarmament of temples.
Japanese: また、刀狩は農民のみならず寺院をも対象とし、寺院の武装解除に一定の役割を果たした。
English: The regulation and disarmament of temples would also be a big issue for the Edo shogunate.
Japanese: 寺院の統制と武装解除は続く江戸幕府でも大きな問題として引き継がれていく。
English: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who seized power after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, regulated Buddhism by enacting the 'jiin shohatto' (temples law) and assigning jisha-bugyo (magistrates of temples and shrines).
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の死後に権勢を掌握した徳川家康は、寺院諸法度を制定し、寺社奉行を置き、仏教を取り締まった。
English: In addition, under the 'terauke seido' (temple guarantee system), people were forced to register with any temple.
Japanese: また、人々には必ずいずれかの寺院に登録させるようにした（寺請制度）。
English: Taking advantage of a succession dispute within the Jodo Shinshu sect, which was the largest Buddhist sect at the time, he made it split into 'east' and 'west', which resulted in the weakening of the sect.
Japanese: 当時最大の仏教勢力であった浄土真宗に対しては、お家争いにつけ込んで東西に分裂させ、結果的に勢力を弱体化させることもした。
English: In the latter part of the Edo period, the study of Japanese classical literature was begun by Norinaga MOTOORI, which led to the Meiji restoration.
Japanese: 江戸時代後半より本居宣長を祖とする国学の延長により明治維新が成し遂げられた。
English: For this reason, the restoration of imperial rule and the transfer of political power back to the Emperor saw the new government introduce policies promoting Shinto, which together with the nationwide anti-Buddhist haibutsu-kishaku movement, led to a decrease in the number of temples.
Japanese: そのため、大政奉還により、天皇に政権が返上されると、新政府の神道重視の政策の結果、全国で廃仏毀釈が行われ、寺院数が減少した。
English: In 1871, the Meiji government issued a 'Dajokan tasshi' (Grand Council of State proclamation) abolishing the Fuke sect to which the mendicant 'komuso' monks belonged.
Japanese: 1871年（明治4年）に明治政府は太政官達を出し虚無僧が在籍する普化宗を廃止した。
English: Each Buddhism sect promoted modernization and undertook social welfare work and educational work such as establishing universities.
Japanese: 各宗派は仏教の近代化を推し進め、宗門大学の設立等の教育活動、社会福祉活動に進出した。
English: The modern government had controlled religion by Daijokan proclamation, fragmentary laws and regulations, and administrative notifications since the Shinto and Buddhism Separation Order.
Japanese: 近代の政府は、神仏判然令以降、太政官布達や断片的な法令、行政上の通達によって宗教を管理してきた。
English: The Religious Organization Law of 1939 was the first integrated law.
Japanese: 統一的な法典としては1939年（昭和14年）の宗教団体法が最初であった。
English: In the process of establishing the State Shinto system, shrines were treated under public law as artificial corporations rather than religions.
Japanese: 国家神道体制が確立する過程で神社は宗教ではないということで公法上の営造物法人として扱われた。
English: However, religious bodies such as Buddhism, Sect Shinto and Christianity were not treated as public interest corporations under civil law.
Japanese: が、仏教、教派神道、キリスト教の宗教団体は民法の公益法人を適用されないままであった。
English: The first draft law on religion was proposed in the House of Peers in 1899, but was rejected.
Japanese: 1899年（明治32年）には第一次宗教法案が貴族院に提案されたが、否決された。
English: Another draft law of religion was proposed to parliament in 1927 and 1929, but they never got to the debating stage.
Japanese: 1927年（昭和2年）、1929年（昭和4年）にも宗教法案が議会で提案されるが、審理未了に終わった。
English: With the enactment of the Religious Organizations Act, general religious groups became legal entities for the first time and Christianity also gained legal status for the first time, but it was a very restrictive and controlling law.
Japanese: 宗教団体法の制定によって、一般の宗教団体は初めて法人となり、キリスト教も初めて法的地位を得たが、監督・統制色が強い法律であった。
English: After World War II, the Religious Corporation Ordinance was established and enforced on December 28, 1945, and the regulations on religious corporations were abolished.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後、1945年（昭和20年）12月28日に宗教法人令が制定・施行され、宗教団体への規制が撤廃された。
English: The Religious Corporation Ordinance was abolished in 1951 and the Religious Corporation Act, which introduced a certification system, was established.
Japanese: 1951年に宗教法人令が撤廃され、認証制を導入した宗教法人法が制定された。
English: The Aum Shinrikyo incident triggered amendments to the Religious Corporation Act in 1995.
Japanese: オウム真理教事件をきっかけにして1995年（平成7年）には宗教法人法が一部改正された。
English: The term "Sukuyodo" refers to a kind of astrology which was brought to Japan as a part of the Esoteric Buddhism by priests who studied abroad such as Kukai in the Heian period.
Japanese: 宿曜道（すくようどう）とは、平安時代、空海をはじめとする留学僧らにより、密教の一分野として日本へもたらされた占星術の一種。
English: It is a synchronization of the Indian astrology (syncretization of Western astrology originated from Greece and moon astrology originated from India), the faith of heavenly body's god originated from Taoism, The Theory of Five Elements in Yin-Yang and so on.
Japanese: その内容は、インド占星術（ギリシャ由来の西洋占星術とインド古来の月占星術が習合したもの）、道教由来の天体神信仰、陰陽五行説等が習合した雑多なものである。
English: Basically, a chinichi (a specific day on which a heavenly body exerts an influence on the Earth) is determined based on the movements of the celestial bodies—such as the Big Dipper, Kuyo (the nine primary celestial beings), the twelve signs of the zodiac, nijunanashuku (twenty-seven mansions of the Chinese constellation) or nijuhachishuku (twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellation)—and the rotation of what were known as the "seven luminaries", and if Kyo (bad fortune) was predicted, the gods of the star in question were enshrined to bring good fortune.
Japanese: 基本的に、北斗七星・九曜・十二宮・二十七宿または二十八宿などの天体の動きや七曜の曜日の巡りによってその直日を定め、それが凶であった場合は、その星の神々を祀る事によって運勢を好転させようとする。
English: It is based on the scriptures of "Sukuyokyo sutra" (宿曜経), "Bontenkarakuyo" (梵天火羅九曜), "Shichiyoshoshinbetsugyoho" (七曜星辰別行法) and so on.
Japanese: 所依の教典は、『宿曜経』・『梵天火羅九曜』・『七曜星辰別行法』などである。
English: In the Esoteric Buddhism, it was determined that a lucky day should be chosen for the events such as making a statue, Shuho (an esoteric ritual) and kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor).
Japanese: 密教では、造像・修法・灌頂などを行う際には吉日良辰を選ぶこととされていた。
English: In "Dainichikyo-sho" written by Ichigyo, choosing a lucky day was regarded as an important task which showed the ability of Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism; a high priest).
Japanese: 一行の『大日経疏』では、吉日良辰の選定は阿闍梨の資質が問われる大切な作業とされていた。
English: For this reason, Kukai, Ennin, Enchin and others asked to bring "Sukuyokyo sutra" to Japan, and Ninkan studied it deeply.
Japanese: そのために、空海・円仁・円珍らが『宿曜経』を日本に請来し、仁観が深く研究した。
English: Nichien brought Futenreki (the Futian calendar table) from Wu-yueh in 957, which made its study active.
Japanese: 957年（天徳(日本)元年）、日延が呉越より符天暦を持ち帰ったことによりその研究が盛んになった。
English: In 963 Hozo (Japan) made a dispute with KAMO no Yasunori of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) over the date of 御本命供 of the Emperor Murakami in those days.
Japanese: 法蔵(日本)が応和元年（963年）に時の村上天皇の御本命供の期日を巡って陰陽道の賀茂保憲と論争を行っている。
English: They cast a horoscope based on a birthday and made 'Sukuyo kanmon' (a report of Sukuyo) in which the result was written.
Japanese: 誕生月日などを元にして星占いを行ってその結果を記した「宿曜勘文」を作成した。
English: In 995, 'an imperial decree to make a calendar' with Rekido (scholars of calendar) was given to Ninso (a priest) of the Kofuku-ji Temple (although the Kofuku-ji Temple was a temple of the Hosso sect, it was regarded to have a strong relationship with the Shingon sect).
Japanese: また、長徳元年（995年）には、興福寺の仁宗(僧)に対して暦道と共同で暦を作成するようにという「造暦宣旨」が下されている（興福寺は法相宗であるが、この時代には真言宗との関係も強かったとされる）。
English: However, Rekido and Sukuyodo made a conflict in 1038 and Sukuyodo gave up making a calendar.
Japanese: ただし、長暦2年（1038年）に暦道と宿曜道との全面対立により宿曜道側が造暦から撤退している。
English: It continued to fight with Rekido over the date and time of solar and lunar eclipses, daisho tsuki (months which had 31 days or 30 days), or leap months.
Japanese: 以後も日食・月食の発生日時や大小月や閏月を巡って暦道と激しく争った。
English: In addition, tied with an influential person through the works of Sukuyo kanmon or prayers such as Hoshiku (Buddhist service for celebrating the star of a person's born year) and Saigu (festivals with altarage), some Sukuyoshi were assigned to betto (the superior of a temple) of the Horyu-ji Temple, the Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) and so on.
Japanese: また、宿曜勘文などや星供・祭供などの祈祷の奉仕を通じて権力者と結びついて、法隆寺や西大寺(奈良市)などの別当に任命される者もいた。
English: In the latter part of the Heian period, Nosan and his son Myosan (明算) flourished and served the Emperor Shirakawa and Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents).
Japanese: 平安時代後期には能算・明算(宿曜師)父子が活躍して白河天皇や摂関家に仕えた。
English: In the end of the Heian period, there appeared two excellent Sukuyoshi named Chinga (珍賀) who belonged to the Tendai sect and Keisan (慶算) who belonged to the Kofuku-ji Temple and the Shingon sect.
Japanese: 続く平安時代末期には天台宗の流れを汲む珍賀と興福寺及び真言宗の流れを汲む慶算という2名の優れた宿曜師が出現した。
English: In collaboration with a person in authority, they fought each other to gain influence, and in doing so they improved their skills in so many ways that their family members and/or disciples formed new schools.
Japanese: 互いに技術を磨きながら権力者と連携して勢力を争い、一族・門人によって流派が形成される程であった。
English: However, Sukuyodo went to ruin in accordance with a decline of the noble society after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: だが、南北朝時代(日本)以後の貴族社会の衰退とともに宿曜道も没落の道を辿った。
English: After Hokutorinkoin (北斗降臨院), which was established as a base of Sukuyodo by Chinga in 1165 and burnt down in 1417, it disappeared from the history.
Japanese: 長寛3年（1165年）に珍賀が創建して宿曜道の拠点となった北斗降臨院が応永24年（1417年）に焼失すると、以後歴史から姿を消すこととなる。
English: In the volume of Kiritsubo in "The Tale of Genji" there is a scene that when the main character Hikaru Genji was born, Sukuyoshi told his fortune.
Japanese: 『源氏物語』桐壺にも、主人公・光源氏が誕生した際、宿曜師にその運命を占わせる場面が出てくる。
English: Engaku (pratyekabuddha, paccekabuddha, Sanskrit: प्रत्येक बुद्ध) is a term in Buddhism and Jainism, which means one who attains enlightenment through his own efforts without listening to the teachings of Buddha.
Japanese: 縁覚（えんがく、pratyekabuddha、paccekabuddha、サンスクリット：）とは、仏教やジャイナ教において、師なくして独自にさとりを開いた人をいう。
English: Byakushibutsu (辟支仏) is an old translation, which was a transliteration of the original Sanskrit word or of its colloquial language form.
Japanese: 旧訳ではサンスクリット原語あるいはその俗語形からの音写で、辟支仏（びゃくしぶつ）と訳す。
English: Pratyekabuddha' was translated as '縁覚' (which comprises 縁 [en]; pratyaya [indirect causes which assist direct causes] and 覚 ['kaku' or 'gaku' depending on a case]; to be awakened, to attain enlightenment]) in Buddhism because it is the one who perceives the principle of dependent origination through contemplation on juni-innen (十二因縁: the twelve-linked chain of causation [nidana] that lead from rebirth to death, seeing existence as an interrelated flux of transient events that occur in a series, one producing another), or who comes to attain enlightenment thanks to various ge-en (外縁: external and indirect causes which assist internal and direct causes).
Japanese: 仏教では、十二因縁を観じて理法をさとり、あるいはさまざまな外縁によってさとるゆえに縁覚という。
English: There are two types of dokkaku; bugyo-dokkaku (部行独覚) who pursues enlightenment in company with his peers, and rinkakuyu-dokkaku (麟角喩独覚) who searches after enlightenment alone, looking as solitary as a single horn (角) of a qilin (麒麟) does.
Japanese: 独覚は、仲間をつくって修行する部行独覚と、麒麟の一角の如く独りで道を得る麟角喩独覚とに分ける。
English: Grouped in a bundle and referred to as the 'two vehicles', engaku and shomon (声聞: Śrāvaka, 'voice-hearer' - one who hears and practices Buddha's teachings for the good of himself but not of others) are looked down on in Mahayana Buddhism where their attitudes are considered egocentric.
Japanese: 大乗仏教ではこの立場を自己中心的なものと考え、声聞とともに二乗と呼んで下に見る。
English: 'Engaku' and 'dokkaku' are differentiated particularly in the Tendai sect - the former being one enlightened through contemplation on the twelve-linked chain of causation in the world of Buddha and the latter, one who attains enlightenment observing such ge-en as scattering of blossoms and falling leaves (natural phenomena) in the world of no Buddha.
Japanese: 特に天台宗では、仏の世で十二因縁を観じて覚ったものを「縁覚」、無仏の世で飛花落葉などの外縁を観じて覚ったものを「独覚」と区分している。
English: Kishimojin' or 'Kishibojin' (haaritii in Sanskrit, Goddess of Children) is a yasha (yaksha in Sanskrit, Buddhist deity sometimes depicted as a demonic warrior) guarding Buddhism and a goddess.
Japanese: 鬼子母神（きしもじん/きしぼじん）、haaritii、ハーリティー）は仏教を守護するとされる夜叉で女神の一尊。
English: She was the wife of Hanshika (Panchika), a warrior who served a yasha, Bishamonten (Vaisravana), and the mother of 500 children (in some materials it is written as '1,000 children' or '10,000 children').
Japanese: 夜叉毘沙門天（クベーラ）の部下の武将般闍迦（パンチーカ）の妻で、500人（一説には千人または1万人）の子の母。
English: In the past she always caught others' children and ate them, so Buddha hid her youngest and favorite child Ainuru (Pingara) to let her know other mothers' suffering to lose a child and made her believe Buddhism.
Japanese: しかし、常に他人の子を捕えて食べてしまうため、釈迦は彼女が最も愛していた末子・愛奴児（ピンガーラ　嬪伽羅）を隠して子を失う母親の苦しみを悟らせ、仏教に帰依させた。
English: In Japan, as Esoteric Buddhism spread, people learnt Kariteimo-ho (a method for following Kariteimo [Kishimojin]) holding Kishimojin as the main deity for children's good health and happiness, and court nobles of the upper class not only learnt Kariteimo-ho but also enshrined the statues of Kariteimo for easy birth.
Japanese: 日本でも密教の盛行に伴い、小児の息災や福徳を求めて、鬼子母神を本尊とする訶梨帝母法が修せられたり、上層貴族の間では、安産を願って訶梨帝母像を祀り、訶梨帝母法を修している。
English: In Hokke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra or the Lotus Sutra), Kishimojin, together with Jurasetsunyo (ten female rakshasas or ten demonesses), swears to guard the believers of Hokke-kyo and to punish the people who prevent 'guzu' (or 'gutsu,' the spread) of the beliefs in Hokke-kyo.
Japanese: また、法華経では十羅刹女（じゅうらせつにょ）とともに鬼子母神が、法華信奉者の擁護と法華信仰弘通を妨げる者の処罰を誓っている。
English: For this reason, Nichiren included the name of Kishimojin in Hokke Mandala (the Lotus Mandala) which was formed of letters, and described that Kishimojin was the mother of Jurasetsunyo.
Japanese: このことから、日蓮はこれに基づき文字で表現した法華曼荼羅に鬼子母神の号を連ね、鬼子母神と十羅刹女に母子の関係を設定している。
English: This led to the independent expression of Kishimojin as a guardian deity of Hokke-kyo believers through the process of making statues and pictures of the deities in Hokke Mandala.
Japanese: このことが、法華曼荼羅の諸尊の彫刻化や絵像化が進むなかで、法華信奉者の守護神としての鬼子母神の単独表現の元となった。
English: Her figure had been made imitating Tennyo (celestial maiden) with a child (regarded as her youngest child, Ainuru) in her arms and Kichijo-ka in her right hand.
Japanese: その像は天女のような姿をし、子供を1人（末子の愛好とされる）抱き、右手には吉祥果を持つ。
English: Someone say that she has Kichijo-ka because it tastes like human being's flesh, however that is a fiction added in later years.
Japanese: 吉祥果は人肉の味がするから、とも言われるが、これは後になって付け加えられた話である。
English: Kishimojin is often enshrined in temples of the Nichiren sect and the Hokke sect as a guardian deity of Hokke-kyo.
Japanese: 鬼子母神は、法華経の守護神として日蓮宗・法華宗の寺院で祀られることが多い。
English: Among many statues of Kishimojin in Japan, especially famous Kishimojin are the one known by the phrase 'Osore Iriya no Kishimojin' enshrined in Shingen-ji Temple (Iriya, Taito Ward, Tokyo), the one of Homyo-ji Temple (Zoshigaya, Toshima Ward, Tokyo), and the one of Onjuin Temple (Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture).
Japanese: 「恐れ入谷の鬼子母神」で知られる、東京都台東区入谷(台東区)の鬼子母神（真源寺）、東京都豊島区雑司が谷の法明寺(豊島区)、千葉県市川市の遠寿院の鬼子母神が有名である。
English: Moreover, some temples use the letter of 'ki' (鬼) of 'Kishimojin' (鬼子母神)without the first stroke.
Japanese: なお、「鬼子母神」の「鬼」の表記について、寺院によっては、第一画目の点がない字を用いる場合がある。
English: This is because Kishimojin changed her mind by Buddha's teaching and took off her horn.
Japanese: これは、鬼子母神が釈尊に説教され改心し、角を外した、という理由による。
English: In some zatsugeki (zaju, Chinese classical play) adapted from "Saiyuki" (Xiyouji, Journey to the West) including "Kishibo Keihatsu-ki" (Guizumu Qibo-ji, Kishimojin Holds a Bowl) and the scene of 'Kibo Kie' (Guimu Guiyi, Kishimojin Becomes a Believer) in the 12th act of "Saiten Shukyo" (Xitian Qujing, Obtaining Sutras in the West) written by Wu Changling, after Ainuru captures Sanzo-hoshi (Sanzang fashi, Priest Xuan Zang), Kishimojin appears and obeys Buddha.
Japanese: 西遊記の雑劇である『鬼子母掲鉢記』、雑劇『西天取経』（呉昌齢）第12齣の鬼母帰依では愛奴児が三蔵法師を捕まえており、そこに登場し釈迦如来に帰依する。
English: However, in "Saiyuki" written after the Ming dynasty, Kishimojin appears only once in the scene of Kogaiji (Honghaier) to tell a message to Kannon Bodhisattva.
Japanese: 明以降の西遊記では紅孩児の回で観音菩薩のところで一箇所取次ぎに顔をだすのみになった。
English: It is also one of religious ceremonies including regular dokuju (chanting sutras) and prayers for honzon (major statue of a temple) such as statue of Buddha.
Japanese: また、宗教儀式のひとつで、定期的に仏像などの本尊の前で、読誦したり礼拝したりすること。
English: In the Nichirensho sect and the sects originated from the same dharma as the Nichirensho sect including Soka Gakkai, Shoshinkai and Fujitaisekiji Kenshokai, believers every morning and evening chant (called 'dokuju') the opening of Hoben-bon (until Junyoze [ten factors of life]) and Juryo-bon of Hoke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra, the Lotus Sutra) and chant the important spell of the Nichiren sect (called 'shodai') for a Mandala, the honzon of the Nichirensho sect.
Japanese: 日蓮正宗や教義の根を同じくする創価学会、正信会、冨士大石寺顕正会では、朝と夕に、「本尊(日蓮正宗)（ごほんぞん）」と呼ばれる曼荼羅に向かって法華経（方便品(冒頭の十如是まで)と寿量品）の読誦、唱題（題目を唱える）を行う。
English: Besides, in the head temple of the Nichirensho sect and some temples, the believers perform one of gongyo 'shodai-gyo' in which the believers have to keep chanting the spell for one hour.
Japanese: また、総本山や寺院において題目を1時間ひたすら題目を唱える唱題行が行われている。
English: In Soka Gakkai, every morning and night the believers continue a practice of chanting some parts of Hokke-kyo and the spell of the Nichiren sect as a gongyo.
Japanese: 創価学会では朝と晩に勤行として法華経の抜粋と題目を唱える習慣がある。
English: In the past, the believers had chanted hoben (Hoben-bon) and jigage (Nyoraijuryo-bon) five times every morning and three times every night; this practice had been called 'goza, sanza.'
Japanese: 以前は「五座三座」と呼ばれ方便（方便品）・自我偈（如来寿量品）を朝は5度、晩は3度唱える形式だった。
English: The Nichiren sect is a Buddhist sect founded by Nichiren in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 日蓮宗（にちれんしゅう）とは、鎌倉時代に日蓮によって興された仏教宗派。
English: In a narrow sense, today it refers to 'Religious Corporation Nichiren sect,' the largest sect among the sects saying Nichiren was their founder.
Japanese: 今日における狭義では、日蓮を宗祖とする諸宗派の最大宗派「宗教法人日蓮宗」を指す。
English: The Sohonzan (head temple) of the Nichiren sect is Kuon-ji Temple located on Mt. Minobu and the Shumuin (propagation hall) is in Ikegami Honmon-ji Temple (Ikegami, Ota Ward, Tokyo Prefecture).
Japanese: 総本山を身延山久遠寺（くおんじ）とし宗務院を池上本門寺（東京都大田区池上）に置く。
English: It is the largest sect among the various Nichiren sects which includes various monryu (school of a sect) having different doctrines such as 'the school of Shaka Honbutsu-ron (the idea Shakya-muni is the True Buddha) and Icchi-ha (the idea the thought of shakumon and honmon is the same),' 'the school of Shaka Honbutsu-ron and Shoretsu-ha (the idea the thought of honmon is better than shakumon)' and 'the school of Shuso Honbutsu-ron (the idea Nichiren is the True Buddha) and Shoretsu-ha.'
Japanese: 「釈迦本仏論と一致派」、「釈迦本仏論と勝劣派」、「宗祖本仏論と勝劣派」など教義の異なる諸門流を包含する日蓮系諸宗派中の最大宗派。
English: It developed from Kyoso Hanjaku (the evaluation of sutras) by Priest Zhiyi in China, who said that the secret of Buddhism had been taught by Shakya-muni existed in Hokke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra, the Lotus Sutra).
Japanese: 釈迦の説いた法の極意が法華経にあるという中国の智ギの教相判釈に基づく。