nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In ancient times, Sekku was called "Sechinichi," and on the dates of Sechinichi, seasonal court banquets called "Sechi-e" were held.
Japanese: 古くは節日（せちにち）といい、節日には朝廷において節会と呼ばれる宴会が開かれた。
English: Arranged for Japanese life, many Sechinichi were handed down to later generations, and during the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate designated five of them as the public event days or national holidays, and this was the beginning of Sekku.
Japanese: 日本の生活に合わせてアレンジされていくつもの節日が伝わっていたが、そのうちの5つを江戸時代に幕府が公的な行事・祝日として定めたのが節供である。
English: For example, Chritmas cakes and decorations are sold at a loss after December 25, and this is seen above.
Japanese: 例えば、クリスマスのケーキや飾り付けが12月25日を過ぎると投げ売りされる事と同様の意味合いである。
English: "Kamikiri" is one of the traditional Japanese performing arts, which shows the performance of cutting a piece of paper in some shape with a pair of scissors.
Japanese: 紙切り（かみきり）とは、紙を鋏で切り、形を作る伝統芸能のひとつである。
English: At a vaudeville theater, the performance of kamikiri is shown as one of "iromono" (various entertainments other than storytelling), and sometimes it is shown in response to the requests of the audience.
Japanese: 寄席では色物の一つとして紙切りの芸を披露するが、客からのリクエストに応える場合もある。
English: Kamikiri covers various subjects from classical ones, such as a good luck charms or scenes of a play, to animals or cartoon characters.
Japanese: 縁起物や芝居の一場面など古典的なものから、動物やアニメのキャラクターまで題材は多岐に渡る。
English: Kamikiri is a performing art more than just a paper cutting craft, because a performer gives shape to the subject - no matter how difficult it is - with his (or her) wit on the spot, and because he (or she) contiues talking while cutting the paper so the audience won't be bored with the performance.
Japanese: 形で表現するのに難しいお題も、その場で頓知を利かせて具現化させたり、切っている最中も黙ったりせず、客を飽きさせないように喋り続けるなど、単に紙を切る技術だけでは成立しない芸である。
English: Kamikiri is said to have begun during the Edo period as a form of entertainment for a party, in which a performer cut a piece of paper in various shapes according to utai (the chanting of a Noh text) or with songs accompanied by shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo).
Japanese: 江戸時代、宴席の余興に謡や音曲に合わせて、様々な形を切り抜く芸として始まったとされる。
English: In 1873, Omocha KIRAKUTEI, a buffoon, showed his performance of kamikiri on koza (the stage on which a comic storyteller sits) in a vaudeville theater.
Japanese: 寄席の出し物としては1873年（明治6年）に幇間の喜楽亭おもちゃが高座で披露した。
English: Even after that, however, kamikiri was such an inconspicuous performance of all iromono that few performed kamikiri at a vaudeville theater, and today there remain only a few works of kamikiri made in those days.
Japanese: しかし色物の中でも地味な芸であった為、以降も寄席では数人しか紙切り芸人はおらず、当時の作品は殆ど残っていない。
English: When TV broadcast began after World War Ⅱ, Shoraku HAYASHIYA became famous, with those who appeared on a TV kamikiri quiz show.
Japanese: 戦後、テレビ放送が始まると、切り絵クイズ番組に出演した林家正楽が有名となった。
English: At first, the TV station asked Itcho YANAGIYA, a kamikiri performer, to appear on TV, but he refused, saying they should ask Shoraku to do it about a nonsense kamikiri performance in a quiz show, so they followed his advice, and the first Shoraku got to perform kamikiri on TV.
Japanese: 当初テレビ局側は紙切り芸人の柳家一兆に依頼したが、「クイズに使う、訳のわからない切り絵は正楽に頼め」と断った為、初代正楽が紙切りでクイズを出題する事になった。
English: Itcho YANAGIYA, who changed his name to Itcho HANABUSA, and then into Itcho OGURA, had pupils, such as Choji HANABUSA, who became popular for 'modern kamikiri,' and Shotaro YANAGIYA, who performs not only as a comic storyteller, but also as a kamikiri performer.
Japanese: 柳家一兆（後の花房一兆、小倉一兆）の弟子には、「モダン紙切り」で人気を博した花房蝶二や、現在、鋏切絵作家としても活動している柳家松太郎がいる。
English: At first, the second Shoraku became a pupil of Hikoroku HAYASHIYA to become a comic storyteller, but had to give up this path because of his accent, so instead, he became a pupil of the first Shoraku to be a kamikiri performer.
Japanese: 2代目正楽は当初、落語家として林家彦六に入門したが、言葉の訛りが抜けず落語家を断念、紙切りとして初代正楽に弟子入りした。
English: The second Shoraku has two pupils, the third Shoraku and Niraku HAYASHIYA (his second son); his first son is the comic storyteller Konanji KATSURA.
Japanese: その2代目正楽の弟子には、3代目正楽と林家二楽がいるが、二楽は2代目正楽の次男である（長男は落語家の桂小南治）。
English: In foreign countries, kamikiri is regarded as an unique performance, so it is also called "paper cutting craft."
Japanese: 海外では、紙切り芸は非常に珍しいパフォーマンスとして扱われ、ペーパー・カッティング・クラフトとも呼ばれる。
English: Now he lives in Shizuoka Prefecture, makes activities as a kamikiri performer and serves as a kamikiri class lecturer.
Japanese: 現在は静岡市在住で、鋏切絵作家としての活動の他、切り絵教室の講師も務める。
English: He did it as one of his hobbies, but in 1981, encouraged by other people, he made his debut as a professional kamikiri performer.
Japanese: 趣味の一環としていたが、周囲に勧められて1981年にプロとしてデビュー。
English: He has often given his performance abroad, like in the Universal Exposition of Seville, Spain in 1992.
Japanese: 1992年スペイン・セビリア万博に出演するなど、国外での公演活動も多い。
English: Having an unique skill, he calls his performance 'Edo kamikiri' to distinguish it from other kamikiri.
Japanese: 独自に編み出した手法をもって、単に紙切りではなく「江戸紙切り」と称する。
English: In 1968, Takeshi IZUMI made his debut in vaudeville, and in 1975, he appeared as a kamikiri performer on stage of, for example, the National Vaudeville Hall and Japan Broadcasting Corporation's 'The best comedians' show.'
Japanese: 1968年芸人デビュー、1975年に紙切り芸人として国立演芸場、日本放送協会「お笑い名人会」等に出演。
English: His teacher was Ryo DAITO, actively performed kamikiri at the Osu Vaudeville Theater in Nagoya City died in 2006.
Japanese: 師匠は名古屋市の大須演芸場で活躍した紙切り芸人で、2006年に没した大東両（だいとうりょう）。
English: Elizabeta SUZUKI, Swiss, became a pupil of Imamaru HAYASHIYA in 1980, and was given the name of Imaju HAYASHIYA in 1987.
Japanese: スイス国籍の女性で、1980年に林家今丸へ弟子入り、1987年林家今寿の名をもらう。
English: She was fascinated by the kamikiri performance of the second Shoraku HAYASHIYA in her childhood, and after that, kamikiri became one of her favorite amusements.
Japanese: 幼少の頃に見た2代目林家正楽の紙切り芸に魅せられて以来、切り絵は大好きな遊びの一つとなる。
English: In 1997, she made her debut as a street performer in the street performance event in Sapporo City.
Japanese: 1997年に札幌市の大道芸イベントで路上パフォーマーとしてデビュー。
English: In 2002, she became a pupil of Shiko KATSURA (a Sapporo resident and a comic storyteller of "Kamigata," or Kyoto and Osaka area), and she belonged to Yoshimoto Creative Agency Sapporo Office with the stage name of 'Karin.'
Japanese: 2002年に札幌在住の上方落語家、桂枝光に弟子入り、「花りん（かりん）」の芸名でよしもとクリエイティブ・エージェンシー札幌事務所に所属した。
English: At present, she performs kamikiri under the stage name of Chiaki KIRIGAMIST mainly in Hokkaido Prefecture.
Japanese: 現在はKIRIGAMIST千陽（きりがみすとちあき）として、主に北海道内で活動している。
English: The Milky Way is a nebular cluster like a shining belt crossing the night sky.
Japanese: 天の川（あまのがわ、あまのかわ）は、夜空を横切るように存在する雲状の光の帯である。
English: The glittering belt of the Milky Way covers the celestial sphere, and makes diurnal motion together with the fixed stars in it.
Japanese: 天の川の光の帯は天球を一周しており、恒星とともに日周運動を行っている。
English: The solar system including our planet is a part of the Galaxy (called 'the Milky Way Galaxy'), and the Milky Way looks like a belt covering the celestial sphere because we see the Galaxy from the inside.
Japanese: 我々の地球を含む太陽系は「天の川銀河」と呼ばれる銀河の一員であり、我々はこの銀河を内側から見ているために天の川が天球上の帯として見える。
English: The Galaxy' means the Milky Way, while 'galaxy' is a term used to apply generally to other similar heavenly bodies.
Japanese: 「銀河」は本来天の川を指す言葉であるが、現在では一般的な天体としての銀河（galaxy）全般を表す言葉として使われている。
English: "The Milky Way" implies 'the Garaxy' or 'the galactic system,' depending on the context.
Japanese: 英語のMilkyWay（ミルキーウェイ）は文脈によって「天の川」と「銀河系」の両方を指す。
English: And because there also exist many other stars around the Milky Way, the night sky in summer and winter is full of stars, in contrast, in spring and autumn, few notable constellations exist in the night sky.
Japanese: 他の星も天の川の周辺に多いので、夏と冬の夜空はにぎやかで、これに対して春と秋の夜空には目立つ星座が少ない。
English: Incidentally, there exist some dark areas from place to place in the Milky Way like sandbanks in a stream, and this is not because there are no stars in the area, but because dark nebula conceal stars behind itself.
Japanese: なお、天の川のあちこちに中州のように暗い部分があるのは、星がないのではなく、暗黒星雲があって、その向こうの星を隠しているためである。
English: Zeus wanted to let Hercules, a son between himself and Alkmene, suck the breast of his divine wife Hera in order to make Hercules immortal.
Japanese: ゼウスは、自分とアルクメネの子のヘラクレスを不死身にするために、女神ヘラの母乳をヘラクレスに飲ませようとしていた。
English: But jealous Hera hated Hercules, so she would never let him suck her breast.
Japanese: しかし、嫉妬深いヘラはヘラクレスを憎んでいたため母乳を飲ませようとはしなかった。
English: So Zeus thought out and implemented a plan and he got Hera to take a sleeping pill and that allowed Hercules suck her breast while she was asleep.
Japanese: 一計を案じたゼウスはヘラに眠り薬を飲ませ、ヘラが眠っているあいだにヘラクレスに母乳を飲ませた。
English: And then, Hera woke up and was surprised to find Hercules sucking her own breast, so she shook off Hercules, and her milk spilled.
Japanese: この時、ヘラが目覚め、ヘラクレスが自分の乳を飲んでいることに驚き、払いのけた際にヘラの母乳が流れ出した。
English: The legend of the Tanabata Festival, handed down in East Asia in Japan and China, says it is the Milky Way that separates the Weaver Star (the Lyre's Vega) and the Cowherd Star (the Eagle's Altair).
Japanese: 中国・日本など東アジア地域に伝わる七夕伝説では、織女星（こと座のベガ）と牽牛星（わし座のアルタイル）を隔てて会えなくしている川が天の川である。
English: They were in love with each other, but God found fault with them, so thereafter they got to meet only once a year on July 7, crossing the Milky Way.
Japanese: 二人は互いに恋しあっていたが、天帝に見咎められ、年に一度、7月7日の日のみ、天の川を渡って会うことになった。
English: In "Journey to the West," Jade Emperor appointed Zhu Bajie (Pigsy) to Marshal of Heaven, who took control of the Milky Way.
Japanese: 『西遊記』の猪八戒は、玉帝より天蓬元帥職を任され、天の川の管理をしていた。
English: In the "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), there exists a Japanese poem composed by OTOMO no Yakamochi about the Milky Way, and he wrote about the Milky Way in the Chinese characters "天漢," which reads "Amanogawa" in Japanese.
Japanese: 『万葉集』では、大伴家持の歌に、天漢（あまのがわ）とも記されている。
English: The light of the Milky Way is so faint that you will have difficulty finding it, if the light is affected by the moonlight or the light pollution of artificial lights from the ground.
Japanese: 天の川の光は淡いため、月明かりや、人工光による光害の影響がある場合は確認が難しい。
English: In Japan, from the 1970s, after a period of high economic growth, places where the Milky Way could be seen became few.
Japanese: 日本では、1970年代以降（高度成長期の終了以降）、天の川を見ることができる場所は少なくなってしまった。
English: To watch the Milky Way, you should look for the clear sky on a moonless night from an altitude as high as possible ar from urban areas.
Japanese: 天の川を見るには、月明かりの無い晴れた夜に、都市から離れたなるべく標高の高い場所に行くと良い。
English: You can see the Milky Way throughout the year, and the light of the Milky Way in summer is relatively strong and easy for you to find out, since the center of the Milky Way is situated in the direction of the Archer, a summer constellation.
Japanese: 天の川は一年中見ることができるが、天の川銀河の中心方向が夏の星座であるいて座にあるため、夏の天の川は比較的光が強く確認し易い。
English: Unshu Mikan (Scientific name: Citrus unshiu) is a kind of mandarin orange and evergreen bush belonging to the Rutaceae family.
Japanese: ウンシュウミカン（温州蜜柑、学名：Citrusunshiu）は、ミカン科の常緑低木。
English: It is one of the most popular fruits in Japan and the scene of family members getting together around the kotatsu (coverlet covered table with heater) eating mikan on the table becomes one of the typical images of a family happily spending time together in winter.
Japanese: 日本の代表的な果物であり、冬になれば炬燵の上にミカンという光景が一般家庭に多く見られる。
English: Unshu mikan is closely-related to the Tangerine (enTangerine) and Mandarin orange (enMandarin orange)(the scientific names for both of them is Citrus reticulata), however, unshu mikan belongs to different species.
Japanese: タンジェリン（enTangerine）・マンダリンオレンジ（enMandarinorange）（学名は共にCitrusreticulata）とは近縁であるが別種である。
English: Japanese appellation Unshu mikan was named by the Japanese local reading of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China known for its citrus production.
Japanese: 柑橘の名産地であった中国浙江省の温州に因んでウンシュウミカンと命名された。
English: White flower of about 3 cm with five petals blooms in the first 10 to 20 days in May on Bengal quince generally used as rootstocks for grafting in Japan which grows to 2 to 4m in height.
Japanese: 5月の上～中旬頃に3cm程の白い5花弁の花を咲かせ、日本で一般的に使われているカラタチ台では2-4mの高さに成長する。
English: Its spheroid fruits of 5 to 7.5 cm mature from September to December depending upon cultivars, and the color changes from green to orange yellow.
Japanese: 果実の成熟期は9月から12月と品種によって様々で、5-7.5cm程の扁球形の実は熟すにしたがって緑色から橙黄色に変色する。
English: Although it is self-reliant, it is hard for it to bear seeds by pollination and usually becomes seedless due to strong female sterility.
Japanese: 自家和合性であるが受粉しても雌性不稔性が強いため種子を生じ難く、通常は種なし（無核）となる。
English: However, as the late blooming brand has weaker female sterility, it sometimes bears seeds when sources of pollen such as 'Amanatsu' (a kind of Chinese citrus) are near.
Japanese: ただし、晩生品種は雌性不稔性が弱いことから、近くに甘夏等の花粉源があると種子を生じることがある。
English: When it bears seeds, they are polyembryonic and it is rare that the hybridized embryo grows.
Japanese: 生じた場合の種子は多胚性で、播種しても交雑胚が成長することはまれでる。
English: Thus it bears clones which have the same trait with the mother (nucellar seedlings) by seed propagation.
Japanese: そのため、種子繁殖により母親と同一形質のクローン（珠心胚実生）が得られる。
English: In Japan, however, usually mikan is bred by grafting due to the improved breeding efficiency, the shortened time for fruiting, easy tree strength control and the improved fruit quality and so on.
Japanese: ただし、繁殖効率、未結実期間の短縮、樹勢制御、果実品質向上等のため、日本では通常は接木によって繁殖を行う。
English: In many cases, Bengal quince is generally used as rootstock, however, other citrus such as yuzu orange are sometimes used instead.
Japanese: 台木としては多くはカラタチが用いられるが、ユズなど他の柑橘を用いる事もある。
English: It was researched and bred in order to reduce the oil consumed in greenhouse culture after the Oil Shock in the '70s
Japanese: 1970年代に発生したオイルショックを受けて、ハウス栽培における石油消費量を減らす目的で研究が進められるようになった。
English: It is a bud mutation of Miyakawa-wase found by Yoshitsugu MIYAMOTO of Shimotsu Town, (today's Kainan City,) Wakayama Prefecture in 1967, and it was registered as a new variety in 1981.
Japanese: 宮川早生の枝変わりとして1967年に和歌山県下津町（現海南市）の宮本喜次によって発見され、1981年に品種登録された。
English: It is a bud mutation of Okitsu-wase found by Akio NODA of Nichinan City, Miyazaki Prefecture in 1978, and was registered as a new variety in 1989.
Japanese: 興津早生の枝変わりとして1978年に宮崎県日南市の野田明夫によって発見され、1989年に品種登録された。
English: Recently, a new variety "Nichinan-wase"--the other name, 'Hina no hime' (Miyazaki princess) is a registered trade name of Miyakonojo Daido Seika KK Company (registered on March 18, 2008)--was born as a bud mutant of Nichinan 1 Go,
Japanese: さらにこの日南1号の枝変わりとして｢日南早生（ニチナンワセ）」〔日南の姫（ヒナノヒメ）は都城大同青果株式会社(株)の登録商標〕が近年登場（2008年3月18日品種登録）。
English: This is a bud mutation of Okitsu-wase found by Denichi IWASAKI of Saikai-cho, Nishisonogi District, (today's Saikai City,) Nagasaki Prefecture in 1968.
Japanese: 興津早生の枝変わりとして1968年に長崎県西彼杵郡西海町（現西海市）の岩崎伝一によって発見された。
English: This is a bud mutation of Miyakawa-wase found by Hisahiko UENO of Hamatama-machi, Higashimatsuura District, (today's Karatsu City,) Saga Prefecture in 1970, and was registered as a new variety in 1985.
Japanese: 宮川早生の枝変わりとして1970年に佐賀県東松浦郡浜玉町（現唐津市）の上野壽彦によって発見され、1985年に品種登録された。
English: Its harvest is later than others as it takes longer to lessen the sour taste than other 'wase' cultivars, however to the contrary, when acid is attenuated, an improved taste is retained longer.
Japanese: 減酸が緩やかなため他の極早生品種に比べて収穫時期が遅れるがその分食味は長く保たれる。
English: As this cultivar's price setting is comparatively higher than 'Nakate' (intermediate between 'wase', early-grown cultivar and 'okute,' late grown cultivar) and Futsu-unshu (literally, ordinary unshu), some switch to this cultivar from them in some regions.
Japanese: 比較的単価が高いことから中生や普通温州からの切り替えを進める産地もある。
English: In 1925, Chozaburo TANAKA announced that a bud mutation was found at the residence of Kenkichi MIYAGAWA at Jonai-mura Village, Yamato District, (today's Yanagawa City), Fukuoka Prefecture around 1910.
Japanese: 1910年頃に福岡県山門郡城内村（現柳川市）の宮川謙吉邸にて発見された枝変わりを、1925年に田中長三郎が発表した。
English: It has been grown country wide since as it had superior characteristics, it is easy to grow and the yield was good.
Japanese: 育てやすく収量性が良いなど優れた特徴を持つため古くから全国的に広く栽培される様になった。
English: Even today it is a major cultivar among wase unshu and widely grown in green houses.
Japanese: 現在でも早生温州の代表的な品種で、ハウス栽培用としても広く用いられる。
English: It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollination of Bengal quince to Miyakawa wase at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (today's Department of Citrus Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), in 1940, and it was registered as a variety in 1963.
Japanese: 1940年に農林省園芸試験場（現農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構果樹研究所カンキツ研究興津拠点）において宮川早生にカラタチを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1963年に品種登録された。
English: It is an inherited cultivar of the one found at the farm of Mr. Fujinaka who lived in Yoshihama, Yugawara-machi, Kanagawa Prefecture during the early Showa era, and today, it is grown mainly in Yugawara-machi and Odawara City as an intermediate cultivar shipped between early grown mikan and late grown mikan.
Japanese: 神奈川県湯河原町吉浜在住の藤中さんの農園で昭和初期頃発見された系統で、現在は湯河原町～小田原市を中心に早生みかんから晩生みかんへの中継役として育成されている品種である。
English: It is named after Nanyo Citrus Branch (today's Nanyo Branch of Ehime Fruit Tree Experiment Station) where this variety was selected as a superior lineage.
Japanese: 本種を優良系統として選抜した南予柑橘分場（現愛媛県立果樹試験場南予分場）に因んで名付けられた。
English: It is a representative cultivar among 'nakate unshu' and is a main product of Ehime Prefecture, especially in the Nanyo area.
Japanese: 中生温州の代表的な品種で、愛媛県、特に南予地方において主力品種とされている。
English: It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollinization of Joppa orange to Nagahashi unshu at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and it was registered as a variety in 1971.
Japanese: 農林省園芸試験場において長橋温州にジョッパオレンジを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1971年に品種登録された。
English: It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollinization of the Torovita orange to Sugiyama unshu at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and it was registered as a variety in 1971.
Japanese: 農林省園芸試験場において杉山温州にトロビタオレンジを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1971年に品種登録された。
English: Its characteristics are effective in the Setouchi area where has less rain fall, and it is widely grown mainly in Hiroshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 瀬戸内などの雨量が少ない地域で特徴を表し、広島県を中心に栽培される。
English: It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollinization of Parson Brown to Nankan 20 Go at Ehime Fruit Tree Experiment Station in 1973, and it was registered as a variety in 1994.
Japanese: 1973年に愛媛県立果樹試験場において南柑20号にパーソンブラウンを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1994年に品種登録された。
English: It is a bud mutation of Miyakawa-wase found by Hirofumi MORITA of Nanayama Village, Higashimatsuura District (today's Karatsu City,) Saga Prefecture, and was registered as a new variety in 1980.
Japanese: 宮川早生の枝変わりとして佐賀県東松浦郡七山村（現唐津市）の盛田博文によって発見され、1980年に品種登録された。
English: Those varieties shipped especially later such as Aoshima Unshu and Juman Unshu are distinctively included in the late blooming brands as Okute unshu.
Japanese: 特に遅く出荷される品種（青島や十万など）は晩生温州として区別される。
English: This is a bud mutation found by Heiju AOSHIMA of Shizuoka City, Shuziuoka Prefecture in 1978.
Japanese: 1978年に枝変わりとして静岡県静岡市の青島平十によって発見された。
English: This is from the line selected from nucellar seedlings from the pollination of Ponkan orange to mother Juman unshu, made by Sukeo OTSU of Yugawara-machi, Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture in 1964.
Japanese: 1964年に神奈川県足柄下郡湯河原町の大津祐男が十万温州を母体にポン柑を受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜した系統である。
English: It was registered in 1977 (among Nos. 1 to 20, No.4 bore fruit the earliest and had good flavor and was therefore registered.)
Japanese: 1977年に品種登録（1～20号の中から最も早く実を付け、食味が良かった4号を登録）された。
English: Mikan other than 4 go, 5 go, 8 go, and 20 go are being grown in their home town Yugawara, however, it is difficult to distinguish them by their appearance and they are called by collective term Otsu mikan.
Japanese: （地元湯河原では4号の他に5号・8号・20号が植えられているが見た目の区別はつかず総称して大津みかんと呼ばれている）
English: Although the fruit is richly flavored and has good storage quality, the force of its growth is strong and the fructification is unstable and is is said to be a cultivar difficult to grow.
Japanese: 濃厚な味わいで貯蔵性が良いが、樹勢が強く結実が不安定なため栽培が難しい品種とされる。
English: It was selected from nucellar seedlings of Nyu line Unshu at Wakayama Prefecture Fruit Tree Experiment Station (currently Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Wakayama Research Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) and it was registered as a new variety in 1986.
Japanese: 和歌山県果樹園芸試験場（現・和歌山県農林水産総合技術センター果樹園芸試験場）において丹生系温州の珠心胚実生から選抜され、1986年に品種登録された。
English: It was found at the Aoshima unshu tree of Jutaro YAMADA in Nishiurakuzura, Numazu City in the spring of 1975.
Japanese: 1975年の春、沼津市西浦久連で山田寿太郎の青島温州の木より発見された青島系統品種。
English: It used to be the most consumed fruit in Japan, however, according to family budget research made by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the purchase volume of mikans per household was left behind by bananas and dropped down to No.2 from the top position.
Japanese: 日本で最も消費量の多い果実であったが、近年の総務省の家計調査では一世帯あたりの購入量においてバナナに抜かれて二位に転落している。
English: Wakayama Prefecture and Ehime Prefecture are competing for the top position in production volume of unshu mikan and Shizuoka Prefecture follows.
Japanese: ウンシュウミカンの生産量は首位を争う和歌山県と愛媛県が特に多く、静岡県が続く。
English: Recently, mikan is available all through the year with the development of preservation technologies as well as the prevalence of the 'house mikan,' cultivated in plastic greenhouses or hothouses.
Japanese: 近年は保存技術の向上と共にビニールハウスや温室で栽培されたハウスみかんも多く流通し、ほぼ一年中目にすることが出来る。
English: Overseas, mikan is also grown in Spain, Turkey, Cheju Island in the Republic of Korea and so on.
Japanese: 海外では、スペインやトルコ、大韓民国の済州島などでも栽培されている。
English: Total for the entire country: 1.066 million tons (Decrease by 66 thousands tons compared to FY 2005)
Japanese: 全国合計　106万6,000トン（2005年比6万6,000トンの減少）
English: Ehime prefecture had kept the number one position in total shipment volume for 34 consecutive years since 1970, however, Wakayama Prefecture traded places with Ehime and became number one for 4 consecutive years since Fiscal Year 2004.
Japanese: 愛媛県は1970年より34年連続で出荷量1位を守ってきたが、2004年度から4年連続和歌山県が逆転している。
English: The reasons were that mikan trees close to seashore were hit by typhoons and died of brine damage and farmers grew different crops in place of mikan.
Japanese: その原因として、海岸近くにあるミカンの木が、台風による塩害で枯れてしまったことや、他品種への転換等があげられる。
English: Unshu mikan has the remarkable trait of biennial bearing in which a high yielding year and low yielding year came one after the other.
Japanese: ウンシュウミカンは収穫が多い年（表年）と少ない年（裏年）が交互に発生する隔年結果の傾向が顕著である。
English: "Ai" indicates "Ehime" (the first word for Ehime reads Ai when described in Chinese characters), "Wa" does Wakayama and "Shizuka" does Shizuoka Prefecture.
Japanese: 「愛」が愛媛、「は（wa）」が和歌山、「静か」が静岡をそれぞれ表す。
English: In the Fiscal Year 2006, mikan crops were lower by 1 million tons after 43 years since 1963.
Japanese: 2006年度は1963年以来43年ぶりに収穫量が100万トンを下回った。
English: The reasons were little sunlight after flower blooming and little rain in the summertime, and as a result, the fruit could not grow sufficiently.
Japanese: その原因として、開花後の日照不足や、夏季の少雨で果実が十分に成長できなかったことなどがあげられる。
English: Ironically, it seems that mikan shipped in fiscal year 2006 were sweeter and more tasty than those of an average year.
Japanese: 皮肉にも、2006年度に出荷されたみかんは平年より甘く美味なものが多かったようである。
English: Although up until now, northern limit of commercial growing of mikan was said to be Kanagawa and Chiba Prefectures, 1 ton of a Wase cultivar, "Okitsu wase" and so on were shipped by farms in Sadogashima Island, Niigata Prefecture in December 2007 and it was in the news.
Japanese: これまで経済栽培としては神奈川県や千葉県が北限とされていたが、2007年12月に新潟県佐渡島の農家が早生種の「興津早生」など約１トンを出荷し話題となった。
English: Although not unshu mikan, Decopon (Tangerine) that Kumamoto Prefecture Fruit Association has a registered trade name for is famous.
Japanese: 温州みかんではないが、熊本県果実連合会が登録商標を持つデコポンでも有名。
English: With its mild climate and hot spring area, Yugawara is not only a growing area of citrus but also a consuming area, and there are many farmers who grow more than several dozen cultivars in one orchard to retail the products throughout the year.
Japanese: 温暖で温泉地でもある湯河原は柑橘の産地でもあり消費地としても盛んなため、一年中小売できるように一つの畑で数十品種を栽培している農家も多い。
English: Although it is not a unshu mikan, Golden Orange is the most popular cultivar in this area.
Japanese: 温州みかんではないが、ゴールデンオレンジ（黄金柑）が一番人気のある品種である。