nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Furthermore, Katamori had been honored with a letter and poem from Emperor Komei in recognition of his work in the Kinmon Incident, which he placed in a small bamboo tube that he hung around his neck and never let go of until he died.
Japanese: なお、容保は禁門の変での働きを孝明天皇から認められその際書簡と御製（和歌）を賜ったのだが、彼はそれらを小さな竹筒に入れて首にかけ、死ぬまで手放すことはなかったという。
English: The letter from Emperor Komei praised Katamori's diligent service as Kyoto Shugoshoku, and is a testimony to just how much Emperor Komei trusted Katamori.
Japanese: 孝明天皇の宸翰の中には京都守護職である容保の職務精励を嘉する文章があり、如何に孝明天皇が容保を信頼していたかを物語っている。
English: This was extremely inconvenient for the historical view of the Satsuma/Choshu leaders, who had decided that Katamori MATSUDAIRA was a rogue daimyo, so much so that they wanted to deny its existence.
Japanese: これは松平容保を乱臣賊子と決めつけた薩長主体の歴史観からは、甚だ都合の悪いもので、薩長側にとってはその存在を抹殺しなければならない程のものといえた。
English: Aritomo YAMAGATA was shocked when he later found out about the contents of that letter, and secretly tried to get it for 20,000 yen (worth several hundred million yen in today's money).
Japanese: 後に山県有朋はこの宸翰の内容を知って驚愕し、密かに2万円（現在の貨幣価値に換算すれば数億円以上の価値になる）で譲渡するように働きかけた。
English: It is reported that the solicitation included thinly veiled threats like "because, after all, Aizu Matsudaira is an enemy of the emperor"; but it was absolutely ignored by the Aizu Matsudaira family.
Japanese: その勧誘の中には「所詮会津松平は朝敵」とばかりに、半ば強談判に近いものもあったと言われるが、会津松平家からは一切黙殺されたという。
English: In 1928, 60th year after Boshin/Meiji Restoration) the wedding of Prince Yasuhito CHICHIBU (2nd son of Emperor Taisho) and Princess Setsuko CHICHIBU (eldest daughter of Katamori MATSUDAIRA's 6th son, Tsuneo) was held.
Japanese: 昭和3年（1928年・戊辰／明治維新から60年目の年）、秩父宮雍仁親王（大正天皇第2皇子）と雍仁親王妃勢津子（松平容保の六男・恒雄の長女）の婚礼が執り行われた。
English: The marriage of the Aizu Matsudaira family to the Imperial family represented the restoration of the name of the Aizu-han Clan, which had been disgraced as an Emperor's enemy.
Japanese: 会津松平家と皇族の結婚は、朝敵と汚名を着せられた会津藩の名誉が回復されたことを意味していた。
English: Also, with the publication of Kan SHIMOZAWA's "The Complete Story of the Shinsen-gumi" and Michio HIRAO's "Historical Records of the Shinsen-gumi", this was the year that the Shinsen-gumi, previously considered a traitor, began to be reevaluated.
Japanese: また、同年には子母澤寛『新選組始末記』、平尾道雄『新選組史禄』が刊行されており、この年はこれまで逆賊とされてきた新選組再評価の転機となる年であった。
English: December 29, 1835(old calendar): Born the 6th son of Yoshitatsu MATSUDAIRA, Chief of the Takasu-han Clan of Mino Province, in the Daimyo's Edo residence.
Japanese: 天保6年12月29日(旧暦)、美濃国高須藩藩主・松平義建の六男として江戸藩邸で誕生。
English: December 12,1861 (old calendar): Transferred to Sakonoe-gon-chujo.
Japanese: 万延元年（1861年）12月12日(旧暦)、左近衛権中将に転任する。
English: February 13 (old calendar) (March 20): Transferred to Gunji Sosaishoku (Commander of the Military) -because the post of Rikugun Sosaishoku (Commander of the Army) was renamed.
Japanese: 2月13日(旧暦)（3月20日）、軍事総裁職に転職（陸軍総裁職の名称変更による）。
English: April 23, 1867 (old calendar): Appointed to Sangi (later came to be called Aizu Saisho).
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）4月23日(旧暦)、参議に補任（以後、会津宰相の称が生じる）。
English: 1884: Dismissed from his positions at Nikko Toshogu and Ueno Toshogu Shrines.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）、日光東照宮宮司並びに上野東照宮祠官を免職。
English: His wife Toshihime, the 5th daughter of Katataka MATSUDAIRA, married him when she was 14 years old, but died at 19.
Japanese: 正室は松平容敬の五女の敏姫で14歳で容保の正室となるが、19歳で死去した。
English: His 2 concubines were Saku, daughter of Magobee TASHIRO (mother of 1st son: Kataharu; 2nd son: Takeo; 5th son: Hideo; 7th son: Morio), and Naka, daughter of Genbee KAWAMURA (mother of 1st daughter: Haruna; 2nd daughter; 3rd and 4th sons; 6th son: Tsuneo).
Japanese: 側室は田代孫兵衛の娘の佐久（長男・容大、次男・健雄、五男・英夫、七男・保男の母）と川村源兵衛の娘の名賀（長女・美称、次女、三男、四男、六男・恒雄の母）の2人いた。
English: "Monthly Historical Reader: A Record of the Kyoto Patriots from the End of the Edo Period "The Aizu-han Clan (By Tetsuya ITO, Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha)
Japanese: 『月刊歴史読本　幕末京都志士日録』「会津藩」（伊藤哲也著、新人物往来社）
English: Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA was the 13th Seii Taishogunn (reigned 1546-1565) of the Muromachi Shogunate.
Japanese: 足利義輝（あしかがよしてる）は、室町幕府の第13代征夷大将軍（在位：天文_(元号)15年（1546年）-永禄8年（1565年））。
English: His uncle was Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA, who was the Awa Kubo and also an adopted son of the 10th shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, and his cousin Yoshihide ASHIKAGA, the 14th shogun, was a son of Yoshitsuna.
Japanese: なお、第10代将軍足利義稙の養子となった阿波公方足利義維は叔父で、その子である第14代将軍・足利義栄は従兄弟にあたる。
English: On March 10th, 1536 (Tenbun 5), Yoshiteru was born to the 12th shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA as his first son in the Nanzen-ji Temple in Higashiyama.
Japanese: 天文5年（1536年）3月10日、第12代将軍・足利義晴の嫡男として東山南禅寺で生まれる。
English: In those days there were conflicts between his father Yoshiharu and the Kanrei (shogun's deputy) Harumoto HOSOKAWA, and every time Yoshiharu lost to Harumoto, he fled to Sakamoto, Omi Province, taking his son Yoshiteru with him.
Japanese: この頃の幕府では父・義晴と管領・細川晴元が対立し、義晴はそのたびに敗れて近江国坂本に逃れ、それに義輝もたびたび従った。
English: In December, 1546, Yoshiteru succeeded his father and became the shogun at only 11 years of age.
Japanese: 天文15年（1546年）12月、義輝はわずか11歳にして、父から将軍職を譲られる。
English: His investiture ceremony was held at Sakamoto, Omi Province, where he had been exiled, and his Eboshi oya Sadayori ROKKAKU gave him the adult name Yoshifuji in his coming-of-age ceremony (Genpuku).
Japanese: このときの将軍就任式は亡命先の近江坂本で行なわれ、元服の烏帽子親は六角定頼が務めた（初名・義藤）。
English: Harumoto's retainer Nagayoshi (Chokei) MIYOSHI betrayed his lord, and sided with Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA, developing a dominant power in Kinai.
Japanese: ところが、晴元の家臣である三好長慶が晴元を裏切って細川氏綱に味方し、畿内に一大勢力を築き上げた。
English: Because of this, Yoshiharu and Yoshiteru were driven out from Kyoto to Omi Province along with Harumoto HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: このため、足利義晴・義輝父子は細川晴元とともに京都を再び追われて近江に逃亡した。
English: In 1550, Yoshiharu died in exile at Sakamoto.
Japanese: そしてその最中の天文19年（1550年）、義晴は近江坂本にて死去している。
English: In 1552, Yoshiteru was reconciled with Nagayoshi (Chokei) and was able to return to Kyoto under the condition that he appoint Ujitsuna the position of Kanrei.
Japanese: 天文21年（1552年）、氏綱を管領にするという条件で三好長慶と和睦し、京に戻った。
English: With Yoshikata ROKKAKU's help, Yoshiteru temporarily overwhelmed Nagayoshi (chokei), but Nagayoshi's (chokei's) younger brother Yoshikata MIYOSHI fiercely attacked Yoshiteru's army, so Yoshiteru was driven out of Kyoto losing Yoshikata ROKKAKU's support.
Japanese: 一時期は六角義賢の支援を受けた義輝側が優勢であったが、三好長慶の弟・三好義賢の猛反攻を受け、さらに六角義賢からも支援を打ち切られたため、遂に京から追われた。
English: However, Nagayoshi (chokei) attempted a reconciliation with Yoshiteru to avoid getting a bad reputation as a murderer of the shogun.
Japanese: しかし、長慶は将軍殺しの汚名を着せられることを嫌い、戦いに勝利した後、和睦を申し出ている。
English: Because of this Yoshiteru could return to Kyoto, but Nagayoshi (Chokei) held power over the government, being assigned to the positions of Oshobanshu and Shuri daibu.
Japanese: これにより京に戻ることはできたが、長慶は幕府の御相伴衆に加えられ、さらに修理大夫に推挙され、幕政の実権を握った。
English: Nagayoshi (Chokei) had survived several assassination attempts, which seem to have been plotted by Yoshiteru.
Japanese: 長慶はたびたび暗殺未遂事件に遭遇しているが、義輝の差し金であったとされる。
English: Yoshiteru acted vigorously to restore the power of the shogunate and the authority of the shogun.
Japanese: 幕府権力と将軍権威の復活を目指して、精力的な政治活動を行なっている。
English: By his mediating between such well known daimyo as Harumune DATE and Tanemune DATE (in 1548), Shingen TAKEDA and Kenshin UESUGI (in 1558), Takahisa SHIMAZU and Yoshishige OTOMO, and Motonari MORI and Haruhisa AMAGO (in 1560), the shogun's authority was recognized by various daimyo.
Japanese: 伊達晴宗と伊達稙宗（天文17年（1548年））、武田信玄と上杉謙信（永禄元年（1558年））、島津貴久と大友義鎮、毛利元就と尼子晴久（永禄3年（1560年））などの抗争の調停を頻繁に行なって、諸大名に将軍の存在を知らしめたのである。
English: In addition to that, he also gave the letter (輝) in his given name to various daimyo like Terumoto MORI (毛利輝元), Terumune DATE (伊達輝宗), Kenshin UESUGI (Terutora UESUGI (上杉輝虎)) and Teruuji ASHIKAGA(足利輝氏), who was one of the Ashikaga clan. (The letter (藤) in his previous name (義藤) was also assigned to the people such as Yusai HOSOKAWA (Buddhist name), Fujiuji AHIKAGA (足利藤氏), Junkei TSUTSUI (Buddhist name).
Japanese: さらに自分の名である『輝』の字を毛利輝元や伊達輝宗･上杉謙信（上杉輝虎）などの諸大名や足利一門の足利輝氏などに与えたりもしている（前名の『藤』は細川幽斎（出家して細川幽斎）や足利藤氏、筒井順慶（出家して筒井順慶）などに与えている）。
English: This is how he came to be recognized as the shogun by the various daimyo, and Nobunaga ODA and Kenshin UESUGI traveled to Kyoto to have an audience with him, while Yoshishige OTOMO presented some rifles to him.
Japanese: このような経緯から、将軍として諸大名から認められるようになり、織田信長や上杉謙信などは上洛して拝謁、大友義鎮は鉄砲を献上している。
English: Nagayoshi still had his power after Yoshiteru returned to Kyoto in 1558, but Takamasa HATAKEYAMA and Yoshitaka ROKKAKU revolted against Nagayoshi (Chokei) at Kinai, and the death of Yoshitaka MIYOSHI was one example of the Miyoshi clan's decline.
Japanese: 永禄元年（1558年）の義輝の帰京以降も長慶の権勢は続いたが、それに反発する畠山高政と六角義賢は畿内で蜂起し、三好氏は三好義賢が戦死するなど衰退の兆しが見え始めた。
English: Under these conditions, Sadataka ISE, who had held power over the shogunate with Nagayoshi (Chokei), lost his position as regent of the old Mandokoro and rose in revolt only to be defeated by Nagayoshi (Chokei).
Japanese: こうした中、永禄5年（1562年）には、長慶と手を結び幕政を壟断していた旧政所執事の伊勢貞孝が失脚し、反乱を起こすも長慶の手で討たれた。
English: Since his political rival was gone, Yoshiteru tried to act more vigorously to restore the power of the shogunate.
Japanese: 政敵が消滅した義輝は、いよいよ幕府権力の復活に向けてさらなる政治活動を行なおうとした。
English: However, Hisahide MATSUNAGA and the Miyoshi Triumvirate, who tried to occupy the shogunate after Nagayoshi's (Chokei's) death, considered Yoshiteru their enemy. So they cooperated with Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA, an adopted son of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, and set up Yoshitsuna's heir, Yoshihide ASHIKAGA (Yoshiteru's cousin), as a puppet prospective shogun, excluding Yoshiteru.
Japanese: しかし、長慶の死後に幕政を牛耳ろうと目論んでいた松永久秀と三好三人衆にとっては、そのような義輝は邪魔な存在であったため、久秀と三人衆は足利義稙の養子・足利義維と組み、義輝を排除して、義維の嫡男・足利義栄（義輝の従兄弟）を傀儡として擁立する。
English: On the other hand, the Rokkaku clan on whom Yoshiteru had depended lost its power because of the Kannon-ji Disturbance in 1563.
Japanese: 一方で義輝が頼みとする近江六角氏は永禄6年（1563年）の観音寺騒動により力を失っていた。
English: And then on May 19th, 1565, Hisahide and the Miyoshi Triumvirate revolted against Yoshiteru with their lord Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI (Nagayoshi's (Chokei's) adopted heir), setting up Yoshihide ASHIKAGA as their puppet leader (Eiroku no Hen).
Japanese: そして、永禄8年（1565年）5月19日、久秀と三好三人衆は主君・三好義継（長慶の養嗣子）とともに足利義栄を奉じて謀叛を起こした（永禄の変）。
English: Yoshiteru was a great swordsman who was instructed by Nobutsuna KAMIIZUMI and initiated into the esoteric points of swordsmanship by Bokuden TSUKAHARA. So it is said that he killed many enemies with his treasured sword.
Japanese: 義輝は上泉信綱に教えを受け、塚原卜伝に奥義の伝授を受けた剣豪であったため、秘蔵の太刀をもって敵兵を多数斬り殺したという。
English: ("Historia de Iapam (History of Japan)" written by Luis Frois describes Yoshiteru's struggle in his fight, and "Tokitsugu kyoki" says that Yoshiteru killed himself.)
Japanese: （ルイス・フロイスの『日本史』にも奮戦の様子が記されているほか、「言継卿記」には自害したと記される）。
English: Instructed by Bokuden TSUKAHARA, Yoshiteru was said to be the most skillful swordsman among the Seii Taishogun between the Kamakura period and the Edo period.
Japanese: 塚原卜伝からの指導を受け、鎌倉から江戸までの征夷大将軍の中でも、最も武術の優れた人物として伝えられている。
English: It is said that when he was attacked by Hisahide MATSUNAGA at the castle called Nijo Gosho, he thrust several swords into the tatami mat, and every time his sword was broken, he took up a new one and kept killing his enemies.
Japanese: 松永久秀らの二条御所襲撃の際も刀を数本畳にさし、刃こぼれしては新しい刀に替えて敵を切り伏せ続けたという。
English: People admired him for his high morale among all the past shogun of the Muromachi period, and called him a real samurai.
Japanese: 室町幕府の歴代将軍の中でも特に覇気に溢れ、武士らしい将軍と讃えられている。
English: His achievement of restoring the authority of the shogun, although temporary, is worth appreciating.
Japanese: その政治活動により、一時的とはいえ将軍権威が復活したことにおいて、その努力は評価に値する。
English: However, his insistent attempts to assassinate Nagayoshi (Chokei) MIYOSHI suggest his narrow view, because after their reconciliation Nagayoshi virtually supported Yoshiteru's power by his army.
Japanese: しかしながら実際の統治としては、曲がりなりにも和睦後の将軍権力を軍事力で裏づけしていた三好長慶の暗殺を度々試みるなど、視野の狭さを窺わせる施策が多く見られる。
English: In 1554, Yoshiteru got rifles and a secret recipe for making gunpowder called "Teppokusurikata narabini chogo shidai" from the Otomo clan, and in 1560, he allowed Gaspar Vilela to preach Christianity, and these facts illustrate that he had a great interest in new things.
Japanese: 天文23年（1554年）には大友氏から鉄砲と火薬の秘伝書（『鉄放薬方并調合次第』）を手に入れたり、永禄3年（1560年）にはガスパル・ヴィレラにキリスト教の布教を許すなど、新しい物に目敏かったようだ。
English: It should be noted, however, that the Miyoshi clan had approved the Christian missionary work right before Yoshiteru gave them permission.
Japanese: ただし、これも直前に三好氏がその領国内においてキリスト教の布教の自由を認めていた事に留意すべきである。
English: It could be the Miyoshi clan's policy rather than Yoshiteru's own decision because the Miyoshi clan was more powerful than Yoshiteru.
Japanese: 義輝個人の嗜好と言うよりも、三好氏との対抗上、もしくは三好氏の意向を受けての裁可である可能性が高い。
English: Fujitaka HOSOKAWA's grandson and also a lord of Kumamoto Domain, Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA tracked down Yoshiteru's bereaved son Yoshitatsu OIKE (also known as Genba OIKE), who had lived quietly in Sanuki Province, and took him to Kumamoto.
Japanese: 細川藤孝の孫で熊本藩主となった細川忠利は、讃岐国に閑居していた義輝の遺児・尾家義辰（尾池玄蕃）を探し出し熊本に迎えている。
English: Tadatoshi invited Yoshitatsu to his new villa at Yamaga Onsen along with his guest Musashi MIYAMOTO.
Japanese: 忠利は、熊本藩の客分・宮本武蔵とともに義辰を山鹿温泉の新築の御茶屋（別荘）に招くなどした。
English: Yoshiteru's descendants called themselves the Nishiyama clan, whose fief (Chigyo) was 1000 koku, and whose family rank according to seating position was Hichakuza doretsuteiseki, which lasted to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 子孫は西山氏を名乗り、知行1000石、比着座同列定席の家格にて明治に至る。
English: His other son was Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA (later known as priest Ten'yo), who was saved by Yoshiteru's vassal when he was killed, and Yoshitaka was taken to Tanba Province and brought up under the Hatano clan.
Japanese: 他の子としては、義輝暗殺の際に家臣に保護され丹波国の波多野氏の下で養育されたという足利義高（出家して天誉）がいたと伝わる。
English: vol.1 Hosu no Tachi (The sword of the promising boy) (ISBN 4198912475), vol.2 Koun no Tachi (The sword of a lonely cloud) (ISBN 4198912661), vol.3 Ryusei no Tachi (The sword of a shooting star) (ISBN 419891284X)
Japanese: 上鳳雛ノ太刀ISBN4198912475、中孤雲ノ太刀ISBN4198912661、下流星ノ太刀ISBN419891284X
English: Masataka MIYAMOTO, "Side story of Yoshiteru, a star of the shogun" (Tokuma Bunko, 2003) ISBN 4198918929
Japanese: 宮本昌孝『義輝異聞将軍の星』（徳間文庫、2003年）ISBN4198918929
English: Kenshu MIYAGI, "The death of shogun Yoshiteru" (Kadokawa Haruki Corporation, Haruki Bunko, 2005)
Japanese: 宮城賢秀『将軍義輝の死』（角川春樹事務所ハルキ文庫、2005年）ISBN4758431809
English: "Ten to Chi to" (Heaven and Earth), (1969, NHK Taiga drama, Cast: Gaku YAMAMOTO)
Japanese: 『天と地と(NHK大河ドラマ)』（1969年、日本放送協会大河ドラマ、俳優：山本學）
English: "Kunitori Monogatari" (Story of seizing provinces) (1793, NHK Taiga drama, Cast: Muga TAKEWAKI)
Japanese: 『国盗り物語(NHK大河ドラマ)』（1973年、NHK大河ドラマ、俳優：竹脇無我）
English: "Nobunaga KING OF ZIPANGU", (1992, NHK Taiga drama, Cast: Yasuo MIYATA)
Japanese: 『信長KINGOFZIPANGU』（1992年、NHK大河ドラマ、俳優：宮田恭男）
English: "Oda Nobunaga", (1994, Over 12 hour-long TV drama (later called the new year special samurai TV drama) created by TV Tokyo, Cast: Kin'ya KITAOJI)
Japanese: 『織田信長(テレビドラマ1994年)』（1994年、テレビ東京・12時間超ワイドドラマ（後の新春ワイド時代劇）、俳優：北大路欣也）
English: "Kunitori Monogatari" (Story of seizing provinces), (2005, The new year special samurai TV drama created by TV Tokyo, Cast: Tetsuya CHIBA)
Japanese: 『国盗り物語』（2005年、テレビ東京・新春ワイド時代劇、俳優：千葉哲也）
English: "Komyo ga Tsuji" (Crossroads of the achievement), (2006, NHK Taiga drama, Cast: Yoshiyuki YAMAGUCHI)
Japanese: 『功名が辻(NHK大河ドラマ)』（2006年、NHK大河ドラマ、俳優：山口祥行）
English: Dosan or Hidetatsu SAITO was a military commander during the Sengoku period.
Japanese: 斎藤道三/斎藤秀龍（さいとうどうさん/さいとうひでたつ）は、戦国時代(日本)の武将。
English: Dosan rose in the world from a monk, through an oil-seller, to a Sengoku daimyo, and along with Soun HOJO, Dosan was considered the epitome of a man's rise to a daimyo by gekokujo (the low oppress the high).
Japanese: かつて、斎藤道三は北条早雲らと並ぶ下克上大名の典型であり、僧侶から油商人を経てついに戦国大名にまで成り上がった人物だとされてきた。
English: However, according to an old copy of 'Rokkaku jotei josho', which was discovered while "Gifuken-shi" (history of Gifu Prefecture) was being compiled, Dosan didn't complete his domination of Mino Province in one generation, but over two generations with his father, Shinzaemonnojo NAGAI; this is now considered to be the reliable opinion.
Japanese: しかし、『岐阜県史』編纂の過程で発見された古文書「六角承禎条書写」によって、美濃の国盗りは道三一代のものではなく、その父の長井新左衛門尉との父子二代にわたるものとする理解が有力となっている。
English: Dosan was known by various names such as: Horenbo, Shogoro (Shokuro) MATSUNAMI, Masatoshi (Kankuro) NISHIMURA, Norihide (Shinkuro) NAGAI, Hidetatsu (Shinkuro) NAGAI, Toshimasa (Shinkuro) SAITO and Dosan; however, Norihide FUJIWARA (NAGAI), Toshimasa SAITO and Dosan are the only ones that appear in reliable historical materials.
Japanese: 道三の名として、法蓮房・松波庄五郎（庄九郎）・西村正利（勘九郎）・長井規秀（新九郎）・長井秀龍（新九郎）・斎藤利政（新九郎）・道三などが伝わるが、良質な史料に現れているのは、藤原（長井）規秀・斎藤利政・道三などのみである。
English: His sons were Yoshitatsu SAITO, Toshiaki (Genbanosuke) SAITO, Magoshiro (Tatsumoto, Tatsushige) SAITO, Kiheiji (Tatsuyuki, Tatsusada) SAITO and Toshiharu SAITO.
Japanese: 子に斎藤義龍、斎藤利尭（玄蕃助）、斎藤孫四郎（龍元、龍重）、斎藤喜平治（龍之、龍定）、斎藤利治（利治）。
English: He ruled Mino Province as a lord until 1554, at which point he passed on his family estate to Yoshitatsu, but Dosan soon severed all ties with Yoshitatsu; Dosan was killed by Yoshitatsu's army at the Nagara-gawa River April, 1556.
Japanese: 道三は美濃の戦国領主として天文(元号)23年（1554年）まで君臨した後、義龍へ家督を譲ったが、ほどなくして義龍と義絶し、弘治(日本)2年（1556年）4月に長良川河畔で義龍軍に敗れ、討ち死にした。
English: Dosan had a nickname of "Mino no Mamushi" (viper of Mino Province), who became a Sengoku daimyo by destroying his master, but such an image of Dosan changed greatly in the process of compiling "Gifuken-shi" which started in 1960's.
Japanese: 「美濃の蝮」の異名を持ち、下克上によって戦国大名に成り上がったとされる斎藤道三の人物像は、1960年代に始まった『岐阜県史』編纂の過程で大きく転換した。
English: While compiling the history book, a document called "A Copy of Rokkaku Jotei Josho" dated July, 1560, was found among the "Documents Owned by Takuichiro KASUGA" (later renamed to "Documents Owned by Chikara KASUGA").
Japanese: 編纂において「春日倬一郎氏所蔵文書」（後に「春日力氏所蔵文書」）の中から永禄3年（1560年）7月付けの「六角承禎書写」が発見された。
English: This old document was written by Yoshitaka (Shotei) ROKKAKU, shugo (governor) of Omi Province, and addressed to his vassals, HIRAI and GAMO; even though the beginning part is missing it has the following content:
Japanese: この文書は近江守護六角義賢（承禎）が家臣である平井氏・蒲生氏らに宛てたもので、前欠であるが次の内容を持つ。
English: After Yoshitatsu's father, Sakon no taifu (Dosan), succeeded his father Shinzaemonnojo, [Dosan] killed the heir [of the Nagai family], took over various political positions and then called himself SAITO.
Japanese: 義龍父の左近大夫（道三）の代になると、惣領を討ち殺し、諸職を奪い取って、斎藤の名字を名乗った。
English: It has been viewed traditionally that Dosan took over the [Mino] province in one generation; however, because of the discovery of this document, it became very likely that this take over occurred over two generations, with Shinzaemonnojo and Dosan.
Japanese: 同文書の発見により、従来、道三一代のものと見られていた「国盗り物語」は、新左衛門尉と道三の二代にわたるものである可能性が非常に高くなった。
English: The name, "Shinzaemonnojo NAGAI," which is considered to be Dosan's father's, is also detected in old documents; his name appears in "Todai-ji Temple Joshi Geko Chumon" dated July, 1526 (collected in "The Documents Preserved by Kansei TSUTSUI") and "Bakufu Bugyonin Hoshoan" dated February 19th, 1528 (collected in "Old Documents Gathered by Akita Domain").
Japanese: 父の新左衛門尉と見られる名が古文書からも検出されており、大永6年（1526年）6月付け「東大寺定使下向注文」（『筒井寛聖氏所蔵文書』所収）および大永8年2月19日付「幕府奉行人奉書案」（『秋田藩採集古文書』所収）に「長井新左衛門尉」の名が見えている。
English: On the other hand, the first time Dosan's name appears in historical materials is as "Norihide FUJIWARA" in a document dated June, 1533; this name also appears in a document signed jointly by Kagehiro NAGAI and Norihide NAGAI, dated November 26 of the same year.
Japanese: 一方、道三の史料上の初出は天文2年（1533年）6月付け文書に見える「藤原規秀」であり、同年11月26日付の長井景弘・長井規秀連署状にもその名が見える。
English: It has been said that Dosan was born at Nishino oka, Otokuni District, Yamashiro Province in 1494, but there is an alternative view that he was born in 1504, and there are various views regarding his birthplace.
Japanese: 明応3年（1494年）に山城国乙訓郡西岡で生まれたとされてきたが、生年については永正元年（1504年）とする説があり、生誕地についても諸説ある。
English: According to "Mino no Kuni Shokyuki," his ancestors worked as Hokumen no bushi (royal guards) for generations; his father was called MATSUNAMI Sakon Shogen Motomune, living in Nishino oka as a Ronin (samurai with no lord) for [unrevealed] reasons.
Japanese: 『美濃国諸旧記』によると先祖代々北面の武士をつとめ、父は松波左近将監基宗といい、事情によって牢人となり西岡に住んでいたという。
English: Dosan's childhood name was Minemaru, and he entered Buddhist priesthood at Myokaku-ji Temple in Kyoto in the spring time when he was 11 years old, and he was given the Buddhist name Horenbo.
Japanese: 道三は幼名を峰丸といい、11歳の春に京都妙覚寺で得度を受け、法蓮房の名で僧侶となった。
English: Later, when his younger fellow monk Nichigobo (Namyobo) moved to Jozai-ji Temple (located in present-day Gifu City) in Imaizumi, Atsumi District, Mino Province, to become a chief priest, Horenbo left the Myokaku-ji Temple to return to a secular life and called himself Shogoro (or Kankuro).
Japanese: その後、法弟であり学友の日護房（南陽房）が美濃国厚見郡今泉の常在寺(岐阜市)へ住職として赴くと、法蓮房もそれを契機に還俗して庄五郎（庄九郎とも）と名乗った。
English: Shogoro (Dosan) married a daughter of an oil merchant Matabe NARAYA, and became an oil-seller using the name Yamazaki-ya.
Japanese: 油問屋の奈良屋又兵衛の娘をめとった庄五郎は、油商人となり山崎屋を称した。
English: Shogoro (Dosan), hawking oil on the road, one day came across Nichiun (once known as Nichigobo) of the Jozai-ji Temple in Mino; counting on their old friendship he succeeded in becoming a retainer of Nagahiro NAGAI, Koshugodai (junior deputy shugo) of the TOKI clan, which was Shugo (provincial governor) of Mino Province.
Japanese: 庄五郎は油売り行商を重ねていたが、あるとき美濃常在寺の日護房改め日運と再会し、日運の縁故を頼った庄五郎は、美濃守護土岐氏小守護代の長井長弘家臣となることに成功した。
English: Shogoro (Dosan) named himself NISHIMURA Kankuro Masatoshi, inheriting the family name of the NISHIMURA clan, which was a retainer of the NAGAI SAITO NAGAI clan.
Japanese: 庄五郎は、長井氏斎藤長井氏家臣西村氏の家名をついで西村勘九郎正利を称した。
English: Kankuro (Dosan) gradually proved his talent through martial arts and his quick wit, and he gained trust of Yorinari TOKI, the second son of shugo TOKI.
Japanese: 勘九郎はその武芸と才覚で次第に頭角をあらわし、土岐守護の次男である土岐頼芸の信頼を得るに至った。
English: When Yorinari lost to his older brother Masayori TOKI in a succession struggle, Kankuro (Dosan) secretly plotted a sudden attack against Masayori at Kawate-jo Castle and drove him out to Echizen, which greatly contributed to Yorinari's assignment to shugo.
Japanese: 頼芸が兄土岐政頼との家督相続に敗れると、勘九郎は密かに策を講じ、大永7年8月、政頼を革手城に急襲して越前へ追いやり、頼芸の守護補任に大きく貢献した。
English: Trusted greatly by Yorinari, Kankuro (Dosan) plotted to eliminate Nagahiro NAGAI, on whom Yorinari also placed reliance; he killed Nagahiro for a minor reason in 1530 (or 1533), and then took the name of NAGAI Shinkuro Norihide.
Japanese: 頼芸の信任篤い勘九郎は、同じく頼芸の信任を得ていた長井長弘の除去を画策し、享禄3年（1530年）正月ないし天文2年（1533年）に長井長弘を不行跡のかどで殺害し、長井新九郎規秀を名乗った。
English: In 1538, when Toshinaga SAITO, shugodai (deputy shugo) of Mino Province, died of sickness, Shinkuro (Dosan) inherited Toshinaga's family name and called himself SAITO Shinkuro Toshimasa.
Japanese: 天文7年（1538年）に美濃守護代の斎藤利良が病死すると、その名跡を継いで斎藤新九郎利政と名乗った。
English: If "Shinzaemonnojo NAGAI" that appears in the documents from the Daiei era (1521-27) is the same person as Dosan's father, then this implies that Dosan's father was already using the name NAGAI.
Japanese: 大永年間の文書に見える「長井新左衛門尉」が道三の父と同一人物であれば、既に父の代に長井氏として活動していたことになる。
English: Moreover, because the name Norihide FUJIWARA (NAGAI) begins to appear from the documents of 1533, it is considered that Dosan succeeded his father around this time.
Japanese: さらに、天文2年の文書に藤原（長井）規秀の名が見え始めることから、道三が父から家督を相続したのはこの頃と推定されている。
English: The article of 'Saito Clan' written by Tetsuo OWADA and published in "Family Histories of the 370 Famous Sengoku Daimyo" Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha Co. Ltd., 1996.
Japanese: 小和田哲男「斎藤氏」項『戦国大名370家出自事典』新人物往来社、1996
English: The document dated November of the same year was signed jointly by Kagehiro NAGAI and Norihide NAGAI (Dosan), which denies the long-held story that Dosan took the family name of NAGAI without permission when he killed Nagahiro NAGAI and did not allow Nagahiro's children to inherit the family name.
Japanese: 同年11月の文書は、長井景弘との連署であり、道三が長井長弘殺害の際に長井氏の家名を乗っ取り、長弘の子孫に相続を許さなかったとする所伝を否定するものである。
English: Also, a ban that was signed by Nagahiro NAGAI was issued in March, 1530, and therefore, at least the death of Nagahiro could not have happened on New Year's Day of 1530.
Japanese: また、長井長弘の署名を持つ禁制文書が享禄3年3月付けで発給されており、少なくとも享禄3年正月の長弘殺害は誤伝であることがわかっている。