nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Whichever it may be, Kusumi Shuzo or Koikawa Shuzo, their initially brewed sake out of Kameno-o rice is said to have tasted wild, unrefreshing and flat, which was the general tendedency to accompany any sake made from small-sized rice grains.
Japanese: 久須美酒造にしても、鯉川酒造にしても、亀の尾から造った初期の酒は、小粒米によくありがちな、荒く、爽やかさに欠け、ふくらみのない味だったといわれる。
English: Since then, master brewers have heaped up low-profile researching efforts, such as careful steaming of rice malt, and, from around 2000, they have eventually enabled to manufacture high quality sake that is in no manner inferior than those made from Yamada-nishiki but emphasizes its own flavor.
Japanese: その後、蒸しを丹念にほどこすなど杜氏たちの地道な研究が重ねられ、2000年ごろからは酒質として山田錦あたりと比べても遜色のない、しかし亀の尾独特の風味を活かした酒が造られるようになった。
English: "Minamikannon yama" is one of "yamahoko" (decorative floats) parading in Gion festival in Kyoto on July 17 every year.
Japanese: 南観音山（みなみかんのんやま）は、毎年7月17日に京都市内で行われる祇園祭にて巡行する「山鉾」のひとつ。
English: According to legend, the image of Yoryu Kannon was carved by a priest Eshin Sozu Genshin (942 - 1017), but since its body except head portion was destroyed by conflagration at Tenmei in 1788, the present image was made as the restoration of the original image.
Japanese: 楊柳観音像は恵心僧都源信(僧侶)（942年-1017年）の作と伝承するが、天明の大火（1788年）で像の頭部以外は焼失してしまったため、復元されたものである。
English: These images are taken from a narrative about Zenzai Doji in the Chapter "Nyuhokkai-bon" of Kegon-kyo (Avatamska Sutra), who made a tour to visit fifty three zen-chishiki (a person who offers spiritual friendship and guidance to visitors).
Japanese: 華厳経「入法界品（にゅうほっかいぼん）」にある、善財童子が53名の善知識を歴訪するという説話から取材されている。
English: "Abare Kannon" (literally, rampaging kannon), which is an unique event of Minami Kannon yama, is also called "Yoiyama" and held at midnight of July 16 before the day of procession of decorated floats.
Japanese: 南観音山だけに存在する行事、「あばれ観音」は、宵山と呼ばれる、山鉾巡行の前日16日の深夜におこなわれる。
English: In this event, people bind up a principal image Yoryu Kannon onto a sacred palanquin, and carry it swinging and parade around the town of Hozonkai three times.
Japanese: 御神体の楊柳観音を神輿にくくりつけて揺らしながら、保存会がある町内を3周するというものである。
English: By this violent swinging actions, it is said they are trying to cool down Yoryu Kannon's feeling of love toward another kannon bodhisattva living in Kitakannon yama.
Japanese: 「暴れさせることで北観音山の観音さまへの恋心を冷めさせる」とのいわれがある。
English: It was Matazo KAYAMA, a Japanese-style painter who designed "Ryuotokaizu" (literally, a picture of dragon crossing over the sea), a pattern on miokuri (a backside drop curtain of a float) which was renewed in 1988, and "Hitensogaku" (literally, flying music), a pattern on shita-mizuhiki (a lower side-drapery of a float) which was renewed in 1995.
Japanese: 見送りの「龍王渡海図」（1988年新調）・下水引の「飛天奏楽」（1995年新調）は、日本画家の加山又造の下絵によるもの。
English: Hashioki is a small object placed on a table to prevent chopsticks from rolling down.
Japanese: 箸置き（はしおき）は、箸が転がり落ちるのを防ぐために使うテーブルの上に置く小物。
English: The tips of chopsticks which touch food are placed on hashioki, when setting the table and when a meal is finished.
Japanese: 食事を並べるとき、また食事を終えた時に、箸の食品に触れる側をのせる。
English: Hashioki is used since it is dirty if chopsticks are placed directly on the table and the tips touch the surface of the table, and it is also used to avoid the food particles remaining on the tips of chopsticks from touching the table and making the table dirty.
Japanese: また、そのまま机に置くと箸先を机の表面に触れさせ、不潔であること、食事に使用後は箸先の食品の残りが机に触れて汚すのを避ける役割がある。
English: Many hashioki are made of wood, glass, or porcelain, and have various shapes; but the basic shape is a narrow form with the center slightly dimpled, like a pillow.
Japanese: 材質は木、ガラス、磁器が多く、形状は様々であるが、細長くて中央がややくぼんだ枕のような形状が基本。
English: Gozenshu is sake (Japanese liquor) which was brewed and delivered to people such as seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Edo period in Japan as a drink for so-called "tono-sama (a person with higher rank)".
Japanese: 御膳酒（ごぜんしゅ）とは、江戸時代の日本において征夷大将軍や大名など、いわゆる殿様の飲用として醸造・納品された日本酒をいう。
English: Naturally, it was of the best quality among the sake of the time and was ranked above katahaku (sake brewed from polished white rice and unpolished rice) and morohaku (sake of 100% polished white rice) in quality.
Japanese: 当然ながら品質としては片白、諸白の上に位置づけられる、当時の日本酒の最高品質であった。
English: In 1740, the ''Kenbishi Shuzo" (Kenbishi Sake Brewing Company, Limited) which brew Itami sake was designated as the brewery of gozenshu for shogun.
Japanese: 元文5年（1740年）には伊丹酒の『剣菱酒造』が将軍の御膳酒に指定された。
English: Sake produced in Kyoto included those which would today be considered as falling under mislabeling or misleading representation of products, such as "shoka gozenshu (sake for the feudal lord for families)", "御前酒" (which can be read as "gozenshu" but uses a different Chinese character for "zen" from the actual gozenshu), and "goyoshu (sake especially made for someone in high rank)", as many sake breweries increasingly tried to take advantage of the fame of "Kenbishi" by placing confusing names that are similar to the gozenshu for the shogun family, on their sake barrels.
Japanese: 京で造られた酒の中には、「諸家御膳酒」「御前酒」「御用酒」などと、今でいう商品の偽装表示不当表示にあたるような、将軍家御膳酒とまぎらわしい銘を樽に焼印することによって、『剣菱』に便乗しようという造り酒屋が多く現れた。
English: The selection of gozenshu differed according to the lord of each domain; for gozenshu, some daimyo selected Itami sake like the shogun family, or at least the sake from the same Sessen-juni-go (the twelve sake brewing districts in Settsu Province and Izumi Province shipping for Edo) where the Itami sake was produced, and some others selected the sake which was the local specialty of the hometown, for the purpose of industrial development of his own domain.
Japanese: 御膳酒は、それぞれの藩主の方針によって、将軍家と同じ伊丹酒や、そうでなくても同じ地方である摂泉十二郷の酒を御膳酒に指定した大名もいれば、自領の産業育成のため、国許（くにもと）特産の酒を御膳酒に指定した大名もいる。
English: In the latter case, although the gozenshu was supposed to be the top quality sake brewed by the clan, some clans had poor brewing techniques despite many efforts, and could not sell their gozenshu to other domains; in such case, the lord was drinking it with some tolerance in terms of the taste, so as to improve the finances of his domain.
Japanese: 後者の場合、御膳酒は藩造酒（はんぞうしゅ）の最高級品であったが、藩造酒じたいの醸造技術が拙く、数々の努力にもかかわらずついに他国に通用するに至らなかった藩もあるので、そのような場合、藩主は藩の財政改善のため、味覚的に多少の我慢をして飲んでいたことになる。
English: The sake brewery of the hometown which produced gozenshu was called "goyo zakaya (official sake brewing family)", and sakashi (sake brewer) and toji (chief sake brewer) who were authorized by the domain for production were called "sakatsukasa" ("sakajiko" in the Nanbu Domain, etc.).
Japanese: 御膳酒を造る国許の造り酒屋を御用酒屋（ごようざかや）、またそれを造る藩公認の酒師や杜氏を酒司（さかつかさ/さかじこ-南部藩など）と呼んだ。
English: While this sakatsukasa is often confused by the public with the sake-no-tsukasa (also called "miki-no-tsukasa"), or historical sake brewing by the Imperial Court during the Asuka and Nara periods, they are actually completely different concepts.
Japanese: この酒司は、一般によく飛鳥時代や奈良時代の日本酒の歴史朝廷による酒造り（さけのつかさ/みきのつかさ）と混同されることが多いが、まったく別の概念である。
English: Goyo zakaya is said to have begun with the first Mataemon KAYANOMORI, who was of the Nara school of sake, which has the tradition of soboshu (sake brewed in major temples) that was known as a famous sake-brewing district before Itami became famous; Introduced by Munenori YAGYU, Masamune DATE ordered him to make the jonai-zume-onsake-goyo (making of sake especially for the feudal lord inside the castle) in Sendai Domain in 1608.
Japanese: 御用酒屋の中では、伊丹が有名になる前に銘醸地の聞こえが高かった僧坊酒の伝統を汲む奈良流から、柳生宗矩の紹介で伊達政宗に紹介され、慶長13年（1608年）に仙台藩の城内詰御酒御用（じょうないづめおんさけごよう）を命じられた初代榧森又右衛門（かやのもり・またえもん）が最初とされる。
English: Ninja is a name of individual or group who served daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) or feudal lord doing intelligence activities and assassinations from the Kamakura period to Edo period in Japan.
Japanese: 忍者（にんじゃ）とは、鎌倉時代から江戸時代の日本で、大名や領主に仕え諜報活動や暗殺を仕事としていたとされる、個人ないし集団の名称。
English: They are often described as "dressed in solid black", "wearing kusari-katabira (chain woven protective wear) inside and paint their face with black ink", "carrying a sword on the back" or "break into the enemy territory under cover of darkness", but a figure in black costume can be seen in the night, thus it is considered that their costume was dark blue or persimmon color.
Japanese: 「全身黒の衣装」「その中には鎖帷子を纏い、顔には墨を塗っている」「背中に刀」「夜陰に紛れて敵地に侵入する」という印象で描かれることが多いが、黒は夜に像が浮いて見えることから、紺色もしくは柿色の衣装を使用していたとされる。
English: There is a theory that the ninja costume was made based on the working clothe used in Koga gun (county) region (present-day southeastern Shiga Prefecture) and Iga Province region (present-day western Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: この衣装は、元々は甲賀郡地方（現在の滋賀県南東部）や伊賀国地方（現在の三重県西部）で使われていた野良着が元とする説がある。
English: They didn't wear "exclusive" costume, but appropriately dressed for the situation (in the town, dressed like townspeople and when they broke into a residence, dressed like a servant), and there is a theory that people believed that ninja was wearing black costume because ninja in kabuki was described as "invisible presence" like kuroko (stage assistants dressed in black).
Japanese: また、「専用の」装束などは着用せず、その状況に合った服装（町中では町人の格好、屋敷などに侵入する場合には使用人の格好）を用いており、黒装束については、歌舞伎などに登場させる際に黒子のように観客に対して「見えない存在であること」を表現したものが後に、現実にもそのような格好で活動していたと誤認されたとする説もある。
English: Since they focused on escaping rather than fighting, usually they didn't wear heavy kusari-katabira to be as nimble as possible.
Japanese: 戦うよりも逃げることに重点を置いていたため、通常は少しでも身軽になるように重い鎖帷子は着用しない。
English: While kusari-katabira was drawn simply in the comic expression, it developed a design of character who wear a mesh shirt.
Japanese: 漫画表現として鎖帷子を簡略に描いているうちに網シャツを着たキャラクターデザインに発展した。
English: The sword carried on the back encumbered their move, they normally belted a sword on.
Japanese: 背中に刀を背負うと動くとき邪魔になるため、大半は普通の武士のように腰に下げていた。
English: However, when they crawled under floor, they carried a sword on the back to move easily in the narrow space and used it as a shield.
Japanese: ただし床下にもぐりこむときは狭い所でも動き易くするため、また刀自体を盾代わりとするために背負っていた。
English: They conducted various special trainings and had special tools, the tools are called "Ningu" and the various techniques including art of escaping are called "Ninjutsu".
Japanese: 様々な特殊訓練を行い、特殊な道具なども所持しており、この道具を「忍具」、逃走術を含む種々の技術を「忍術」と言う。
English: Innin is a way of seeking an inside information and sabotaging by breaking into the enemy territory concealing themselves, the appearance of ninja which generally people imagine is of this situation.
Japanese: 陰忍とは、姿を隠して敵地に忍び込み内情を探ったり破壊工作をする方法であり、一般的に想像される忍者とはこの時の姿である。
English: On the other hand, yonin is a way of accomplishing a purpose with a trick exposing themselves to the public.
Japanese: 対して陽忍とは、姿を公にさらしつつ計略によって目的を遂げる方法である。
English: A recent study shows that ninja was a group of engineers who had abundant knowledge of animals and plants, and chemistry as well as a group of intelligence agents who had great physical ability and were strictly disciplined.
Japanese: 近年の研究では、身体能力に優れ、厳しい規律に律された諜報集団という面の他に、優れた動植物の知識や化学の知識を持つ技術者集団としての一面も持つことが判っている。
English: In Iga, Jonin were goshi (country samurai) or jizamurai (local samurai) and as landlords, they controlled Genin who were kosakunin (tenant farmer).
Japanese: 上忍は伊賀では郷士（地侍）で、地主として小作人である下忍を支配している。
English: Before the war, their general name was "Ninjutsu-tsukai (master of ninjutsu)", but after the war, they were generally called "Ninja", "Shinobi no mono", "Shinobi" through the works of Tomoyoshi MURAYAMA, Sanpei SHIRATO and Ryotaro SHIBA.
Japanese: 戦前は「忍術使い」といった呼称が一般的だったが、戦後は村山知義、白土三平、司馬遼太郎らの作品を通して、「忍者」「忍びの者」「忍び」という呼称が一般化した。
English: It is said that in the Asuka period, Prince Shotoku used OTOMO no Hosohito as "Shinobi (志能備)".
Japanese: 飛鳥時代には、聖徳太子が、大伴細人（おおとものほそひと）を「志能備（しのび）」として使ったと伝えられる。
English: Until the Edo period, there was no standardized name for ninja and it varied in each region, for example, there were name such as "Rappa", "Suppa (素破) (the origin of a slang word "Suppanuki" meaning divulgation)", "Suppa (水破)", "Suppa (出抜)", "Toppa (突破)", "Toppa (透破)", "Ukagami", "Dakko", "Kusa", "Nokizaru", "Kyodo", "Kyodan", "Monomi", "Kanshi", "Kikimonoyaku", "Arukimiko", "Kamari" and "Hayamichi no mono".
Japanese: 江戸時代までは統一名称は無く地方により呼び方が異なり、「乱破（らっぱ）」「素破（すっぱ、“スッパ抜き”という俗語の語源）」「水破（すっぱ）」「出抜（すっぱ）」「突破（とっぱ）」「透破（とっぱ）」「伺見（うかがみ）」「奪口（だっこう）」「草」「軒猿」「郷導（きょうどう）」「郷談（きょうだん）」「物見」「間士（かんし）」「聞者役（ききものやく）」「歩き巫女」「かまり」「早道の者」などがある。
English: Currently, female ninja is generally called "Kunoichi" (the origin of this code name was a Japanese character "女" meaning woman, and it is considered that this character was broken down into three characters "く (ku)", "ノ (no)" and "一 (ichi")).
Japanese: 現在女性の忍者のことを「くノ一（くのいち）」（“女”という文字を「く」「ノ」「一」と三文字に解体し呼称するようになった隠語表現）とする表現が一般的である。
English: There is another theory that the origin of "Kunoichi" was the number of holes in human body, women have an additional hole to nine holes such as nose, eye, ear, navel and anus (nose is counted as one hole).
Japanese: 異説として鼻、目、耳、へそ、肛門などの人体にある九つの穴（鼻は一つの穴と数える）に加え、女性は穴が一つ多いことから「九の一（くのいち）」として呼んだという説も存在する。
English: However, the numeration varies by materials (for example, urinary meatus is counted instead of navel) and it is not so credible.
Japanese: しかし穴の数え方が資料によってまちまちのため（例えば、へそではなく尿口を数えるなど）の説もあり、信憑性は今ひとつである。
English: Although there are some ninjutsu using female ninja called "the art of Kunoichi", it is said that female ninja who appears in video picture or comic didn't exist.
Japanese: 「くのいちの術」と言って女性を使った忍術は存在するが、忍者を題材にした映像作品や漫画作品などで登場するような女忍者は存在しなかったとも言われる。
English: However, there is a description that a female ninja snaked into the castle masquerading as a housemaid and it is considered that she used "women's gossip" for the intelligence activity and created considerable performance.
Japanese: しかし女忍者が女中になりすまし城に潜入したという記述も残っており、女中達の「女の噂好き」を利用した諜報活動でかなりの功績をあげていたとされる。
English: Famous kunoichi appeared in historical fact is a group of arukimiko who served Shingen TAKEDA.
Japanese: また史実に登場するくノ一で有名なのは、武田信玄に仕えた歩き巫女の集団がある。
English: In these locations, there were many ninja houses and they conducted daily training.
Japanese: これらの場所には多数の忍者屋敷があり、日々の訓練が行われていたと考えられる。
English: Since most territories of Koga and Iga were shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the Kamakura period, they were not controlled by shugo (provincial constable) or jito (manager and lord of manor), but when the shoen system collapsed in the Sengoku period (in Japan), dozens of jizamurai groups struggled for power.
Japanese: 甲賀と伊賀は、鎌倉時代にはその領地の大半が荘園だったため守護や地頭による支配を受けなかったが、戦国時代(日本)になり荘園が崩壊すると、地侍が数十の勢力に分かれ群雄割拠した。
English: It is considered that "Ninjutsu" arose spontaneously in the condition that each jizamurai always fought an information war and a guerrilla war to maintain power.
Japanese: 各地侍が勢力を保つため情報収集戦とゲリラ戦が日夜行われ、「忍術」が自然発生したのではないかと考えられている。
English: It is described that IeyasuTOKUGAWA became independent from the Imagawa clan after the Battle of Okehazama and took over Nishinokori-jo Castle (Also known as Kaminogo-jo Castle) of Nagamochi UDONO in Gamagori City using ninja during the war for regaining Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 徳川家康が桶狭間合戦後に今川氏から独立し、三河国奪還戦争のさなか、蒲郡市にある鵜殿長持の西之郡城（上ノ郷城）を忍で取る、と記載されている。
English: The letter sent from Koga bushi in Omi Province to the bugyo (magistrate) in 1667 describes the achievement of Koganijuikke (twenty one families of Koga school) that they came as support arms and decapitated Totaro UDONO by night raid and fire-setting.
Japanese: 寛文7年（1667年）の近江国甲賀武士が奉行に差し出した書状には、甲賀21家が援軍として駆け付け、夜襲・焼き討ちにより、鵜殿藤太郎の首を討ち取った武功について記載。
English: In 1962, "kamijima-ke bunsho (Documents of the Kamijima family)(a manuscript copied in the end of the Edo period) " was found at an old household in Ueno city.
Japanese: 昭和37年（1962年）、上野市の旧家より「上嶋家文書（江戸時代末期の写本）」が発見された。
English: According to the document, the third son of Gensei UESHIMA who was a member of the Hattori clan in Iga Province was an actor of Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh), Kanami and his mother was a sister of Masashige KUSUNOKI.
Japanese: これによると、伊賀国の服部氏族・上嶋元成の三男が申楽（能）役者・観阿弥で、母は楠木正成の姉妹だったという。
English: In Iga Province, three families of Jonin, the Fujibayashi clan, the Momochi clan and the Hattori clan controlled other jizamurai and adopted collegial system to form the area not controlled by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period.
Japanese: 伊賀国では、藤林氏・百地氏・服部氏の上忍三家が他の地侍を支配下に、最終的に合議制を敷いて、戦国大名に支配されない地域を形成していた。
English: They united and fought against invasion from outside, when Nobunaga ODA sent Katsutoshi TAKIGAWA, a Chikujo Bugyo (magistrate of building a castle), Katsutoshi TAKIGAWA to control Iga Province, they dismissed him, and also eliminated Nobukatsu ODA's army who invaded in retribution (the first Tensho Iga War).
Japanese: 外部からの侵略に対しては結束して戦い、織田信長が伊賀国を支配するために送り込んだ築城奉行・滝川雄利を追放、その報復として攻め込んできた織田信雄の軍も彼らは壊滅させている（第一次天正伊賀の乱）。
English: When Nobunaga schemed a conspiracy with a part of enemy and invaded again with a great army, the other groups of ninja in Iga Province suffered catastrophic damage (the second Tensho Iga War).
Japanese: 改めて敵の一部を調略してから、信長が大軍を編成し攻め込んできた際に、その他の伊賀国の忍者集団は壊滅的な打撃を受けた（第二次天正伊賀の乱）。
English: Iga ninja started to be hired by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) because when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA visited Sakai (present-day Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture) for sightseeing at the time of Honnoji Incident, they escorted and helped him to pass through Iga Province.
Japanese: 伊賀忍者は本能寺の変の際に、堺（現・大阪府堺市）の見物に訪れていた徳川家康を護衛して伊賀越えを行なったことから、江戸幕府に召抱えられるようになった。
English: In particular, Masanari HATTORI was treated preferentially and one of the gate of Edo-jo Castle was named after him and it still remains as a geographical name of Tokyo, "Hanzomon".
Japanese: 中でも服部正成は重用され、江戸城の城門の一つにその名が付けられ、現在も東京の地名「半蔵門」として残っている。
English: As well as seeking inside information of territorial lords for the Tokugawa shogunate, they kept peace of the Edo-jo castle town as doshin (a police constable) by handling surveys near the Edo-jo Castle, guard of O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) and management of vacant residences.
Japanese: 彼らは、徳川幕府のために諸大名の内情を探るだけでなく、江戸城下の世論調査、大奥の警護、空き家となった諸屋敷の管理なども担当し、同心として江戸城下の治安の警護に当たった。
English: Oniwaban (the shogunate's guard of the inner garden) is often considered to be same as ninja, but it is a misunderstanding, actually Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth shogun just classified Kusurigomeyaku (the predecessor of oniwaban) whom he brought from Kishu Province into the same rank with Igamono, oniwaban is not related to ninja (for details, refer to the section of Oniwaban).
Japanese: 御庭番は忍者と同様に思われがちだが、誤りであり八代将軍・徳川吉宗が紀州から連れて来た薬込役を伊賀者と同格に格付けしただけに過ぎず、彼ら御庭番は忍者とはかかわりがない（詳しくは御庭番の項を参照されたい）。
English: When Iemitsu TOKUGAWA ruled, roju (member of shogun's council of elders) (Nobutsuna MATSUDAIRA, Tadaaki ABE and Masamori HOTTA) and sobashu (aide of the shogun) (Masamori NAKANE) forced the government by the military.
Japanese: 徳川家光（家光体制）時、老中（松平信綱・阿部忠秋・堀田正盛）、側衆（中根正盛）は、武断政治を強行に進めた。
English: As a result, increased ronin (masterless samurai) emerged as a social issue and major events (uprisings)such as Shimabara War and Keian Incident (Shosetsu YUI).
Japanese: その結果、浪人が増え社会問題化し、島原の乱・慶安事件（由井正雪）といった大規模な事件（一揆）が発生する。
English: At the time of Shimabara War and Keian Incident, Masamori NAKANE sent about 20 yoriki (a police sergeant) to several places around and made them investigate details.
Japanese: 島原の乱・慶安事件の際に大目付として中根正盛が与力20余騎を諸方に派遣して、その動きを詳細に調べさせた。
English: Also, there is a record that when Shimabara War occurred, a squad of Koga ninja sneaked into Hara-jo Castle where rioters barricaded themselves and found the fact that rioters' provisions were running out.
Japanese: また、島原の乱の際には、甲賀忍者の一隊が一揆軍の立てこもった原城内に潜入し、一揆軍の兵糧が残り少ないことを確認したという記録が残っている。
English: TAIRA no Tadamasa who was descended from the Taira clan and the Hattori clan were relatives and Nakane was an uncle of Masashige HATTORI (the fourth Hanzo HATTORI) who fell from power because of the involvement in Okubo Nagayasu Incident.
Japanese: 平氏の流れを汲む平忠正と服部氏は縁戚関係であり、中根は大久保長安事件に連座して失脚した服部正重（4代目服部半蔵）の叔父にあたる。
English: A haikai poet, Basho MATSUO who walked across provinces in the Edo period was from an area which is present-day Iga City, Mie Prefecture.
Japanese: 江戸時代の諸国を行脚していた俳諧師・松尾芭蕉は、現在の三重県伊賀市に当たる地方の出身者だった。
English: Thus, there is a theory that Basho MATSUO was actually a ninja or a spy and it is used as a subject of novels and so on.
Japanese: そのため、松尾芭蕉は実は忍者あるいは隠密だったのではないかとする説があり、小説などでも題材に扱われている。
English: The fact that it is physically difficult for 47 years old man to travel tens of kilometers per day as described in his book "the Narrow Road to the Deep North" was used as the basis for the theory.
Japanese: その根拠として、芭蕉の著書奥の細道の記録どおりに旅行したとすると、一日数十キロ歩かなくてはいけない計算になり、普通の47歳ならば体力的に相当無理がある、などがあげられる。
English: These theories have no crucial foundation and are just works of imagination for now.
Japanese: これらの説には決定的な根拠はなく、現状では単なる想像の範疇を出ない。
English: Rinzo MAMIYA, an explorer in the Edo period, was a spy of the shogunate and it may be said that he was a ninja in the broad sense.
Japanese: 江戸時代の探検家・間宮林蔵は、幕府の隠密であり、広義には彼も忍者だと言える。
English: At least his action that he betrayed Kageyasu TAKAHASHI in the Siebold Incident was criticized from a Confucian moral standpoint and described as a typical action of cruel ninja.
Japanese: 少なくともシーボルト事件において高橋景保を売ったという彼の行動は儒教道徳的観点から非難され、冷酷な忍者ならではの行動であると評された。
English: When Kurofune (the Black Ships) led by Commodore Matthew PERRY arrived off the coast of Urawa, the shogunate spy acted for investigation and it was the last activity of so-called ninja.
Japanese: マシュー・ペリーの率いる黒船が浦賀沖に来航した際、幕府の隠密が早速調査のために行動しており、これがいわゆる忍者の活動の最後だった。
English: In Meiji period, the administration was transferred to new Meiji Government and Japanese army and navy were created through modernization policy, then ninja lost their job.
Japanese: その後明治になり、徳川幕府から明治新政府へ政権が移ると、近代化により日本陸軍・日本海軍が創設され、忍者達はその役目を終えることになる。
English: It is said that after ninja lost the scene of their activities, they got new jobs such as farmers, policemen, pyrotechnicians with special skills of using fire, doctors or pharmacists with knowledge of medicine.
Japanese: 活躍のできる場を失った忍者達はその後、農業や警察関係（警察官）の職業、火術の特技を活かして花火師や、薬の知識を活かして医師や薬剤師など、新たな職に就いたとされる。
English: Since the said arrival of Kurofune, the existence of ninja had been forgotten, but ninja started to be featured in novels and period dramas from late 1950 and they have come to be recognized among Japanese again.
Japanese: 上述の黒船来航以来忍者の存在は忘れられていたが、1950年代後半より、小説や時代劇等に忍者が取り上げられるようになり、再び日本人の間で認知されるようになった。
English: It was a costume altered working clothe for fighting and it was not black but more like brown in order to lurk in the night.
Japanese: 戦闘用に野良着を改造したもので、前述の通り、闇に紛れるため色は黒ではなく茶色に近いものを着用していたとされる。
English: Later, he was hired by the lord of Kuwana Domain, Sadatsuna MATSUDAIRA (a son of Sadakatsu) and the family of Hanzo HATTORI persisted in Kuwana Domain.
Japanese: 後に桑名藩主・松平定綱（定勝の子）に召し抱えられて、桑名藩で服部半蔵家は存続する。
English: The Sengoku period. Birth year:unknown -158. He was an actual person who was a model of imaginary person, Sandayu MOMOCHI
Japanese: -戦国時代?-1581架空の人物である百地三太夫のモデルとなった実在人物。
English: He was a kogi-onmitsu and known for the great achievement that he sneaked into the Kagoshima-jo Castle in Satsuma Domain and engraved his name on cycad trees in the castle.
Japanese: -薩摩藩の鹿児島城に潜入して城中の蘇鉄に名前を刻んだ偉業で知られる公儀隠密。
English: He served Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogunate, and became a sobashu and ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo shogunate) of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third shogunate through the positions of oban (a group of guards in the Edo shogunate) and konando (steward to the shogun).
Japanese: -2代将軍徳川秀忠に仕え、大番・小納戸を経て3代将軍徳川家光の側衆・大目付となった。
English: "Maiko makeover" is a kind of service offered for visitors to Kyoto City, especially around Gion area, which satisfies desires of those who adore maiko girls to transform their looks by dressing them up like maiko or geiko with kimono, a wig, kanzashi (hair stick), etc.
Japanese: 舞妓変身（まいこへんしん）とは、主に京都市内、特に祇園周辺で、舞妓や姿にあこがれる観光客に舞妓や芸妓などの着物、鬘、簪などの着付けを施し、その変身願望を満足させるためのサービス業。
English: Ordinary people thus dressed up like maiko girls are often called "kanko maiko" (tourist maiko).
Japanese: これにより舞妓の装束を身につけた一般人を観光舞妓（かんこうまいこ）と呼ぶ場合もある。
English: Gradually, since former Okiya houses (a tea house and lodging house where maiko and geisha live) in Hanamachi (geisha districts in Kyoto) and neighborhood photo studios began to offer the same services, the services have been spreading.
Japanese: 次第に市内の花街の元置屋や近隣の写真館などもサービスを行うようになるなど、広がりを見せている。