nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 940, Sumitomo attacked the Kokufu (ancient provincial offices) of the Awaji Province in February, and that of the Sanuki Province in August.
Japanese: 翌天慶3年（940年）には、2月に淡路国・8月には讃岐国の国府を略奪。
English: The Imperial Court ordered Tsuibushi (Pursuit and Apprehension Agent) no kami (the director general) ONO no Yoshifuru, Tsuibushi no suke (the undersecretary) MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto and Tsuibushi no sakan (secretary) FUJIWARA no Yoshiyuki and OKURA no Haruzane to go for tracking down and killing Sumitomo with their troops.
Japanese: 朝廷は純友追討のために追捕使長官：小野好古、次官：源経基、主典：藤原慶幸・大蔵春実による兵を差し向けた。
English: In May 941, Sumitomo's fleet was destroyed by the troops commanded by Tsuibushi in the Battle of Hakata Bay.
Japanese: 天慶4年（941年）5月に博多湾の戦いで、純友の船団は追捕使の軍により壊滅させられた。
English: Although Sumitomo and his son Shigetamaro took refuge in Iyo Province, they died in prison after being captured by the Keigoshi (envoys to protect) of Iyo Province TACHIBANA no Toyasu in June of the same year.
Japanese: 純友は子息の重太丸と伊予国へ逃れたが、同年6月に伊予国警固使橘遠保により捕らえられ、獄中で没した。
English: In contrast to the rebellion led by Masakado, which was settled within only two months, Sumitomo's war required as long as two years to be settled.
Japanese: 将門の乱がわずか2ヶ月で平定されたのに対し、純友の乱は2年に及んだ。
English: Furthermore, Tsuibushi is believed to have reported the details of the battle against Sumitomo to the government, which was titled "Sumitomo Tsuito-ki" (a record of how troops tracked down and killed Sumitomo).
Japanese: また、純友の合戦の様子は『純友追討記』として、追補使により政府への報告がなされたとされた。
English: According to the theory, Sumitomo was the son of Tomohisa TAKAHASHI in the Takahashi-go, Imabari City, a member of the Ochi family, the local ruling family in Iyo Province worshiping Oyamatsumi as the ancestor.
Japanese: それによると純友は、大山積神（オオヤマツミ）を祖先とする伊予国の豪族越智氏の一族で今治市の高橋郷の高橋友久の子であった。
English: When Yoshinori came to Iyo Province as kokushi, Sumitomo was adopted by him, with the result that Sumitomo changed the family name to Fujiwara, the theory adds.
Japanese: しかし、良範が伊予の国司として赴任したおりに養子になり、藤原姓を名乗ったというものである。
English: According to legend, in the late Heian period, Hyoe KUROTORU, one of Abe no Sadato's remaining retainers, went to Echigo Province and committed a number of atrocities, and even managed to defeat the Imperial army sent to subjugate him.
Japanese: 伝説によれば、平安時代の後期、安倍貞任の残党であった黒鳥兵衛は越後国へ入ると悪逆非道の限りを尽くし、朝廷の討伐軍をも打ち破った。
English: The Imperial Court, which was at a complete loss as to what to do, granted clemency to MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna, who had been exiled to Sado Province, to have him subjugate Hyoe.
Japanese: 困り果てた朝廷は、佐渡国へ配流となっていた源義綱を赦免し（あるいは源義家とも言う）黒鳥兵衛の討伐に当たらせた。
English: Hyoe KUROTORI resisted Yoshitsuna using sorcery, but he was gradually backed into a corner, so he entrenched himself in the camp of one of his supporters in what is now Niigata City.
Japanese: 黒鳥兵衛は妖術を使って抵抗するが、次第に追い詰められ、現在の新潟市味方の陣に立てこもった。
English: At that time, the place he had barricaded himself in was located in the middle of a muddy swamp, so it was not easy to walk around there, making it very difficult to attack.
Japanese: 当時、このあたり一帯は泥沼で、容易に歩ける場所ではなく、攻めるに難しい陣であった。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna was at a loss as to how to continue the attack, but one day he saw a pair of cranes land with branches of a tree in their respective beaks; the birds then put the branches on the ground and started to walk around the swamp with the branches gripped in their claws.
Japanese: 攻めあぐねていた源義綱は、ある日、一つがいのツルが木の枝をくわえて来ると、それを足に掴んで沼の上を歩くのを見た。
English: Believing this to be 'a blessing from God,' he had his soldiers make kanjiki (round or lattice-type snowshoes that are made of bamboo or other materials and that are worn on the feet for use as walking aids to avoid slipping when walking on snow or damp ground).
Japanese: 「これこそ神の御加護」と、かんじき（竹などで作った輪状又はすのこ状の歩行補助具で、足に着け、雪上や湿地などで足が潜らないようにする。）を作り、兵に履かせて一気に攻め込んだ。
English: People in the past said that it was the roar of Hyoe KUROTORI's decapitated body that was seeking for his head, and called this phenomenon 'donari' (roaring body) with fear.
Japanese: 人々は、首を切られた黒鳥兵衛の胴が首を求めて咆哮すると言い、「胴鳴り」と呼んで恐れた。
English: As mentioned above, the legend of Hyoe KUROTORI is a spectacular military epic, which is extended widely in Echigo Province, and the places related to the legend can be found widely, from Kurosaki area of Niigata City (former Kurosaki-cho) to the northern part of Niigata Prefecture.
Japanese: このように、黒鳥兵衛の伝説は越後国一帯を舞台とする壮大な軍記物語で、伝説ゆかりの地は、新潟市黒埼地区（旧黒埼町）を初め、新潟県北部に広く分布する。
English: From the Otate area, some ruins of ancient residences have been uncovered such as Otate Site and Matobe Site, however, the legend Hyoe KUROTORI is not based on the historical evidence and it is considered as a story created later.
Japanese: 緒立地区からは緒立遺跡や的場遺跡といった古い住居跡が見つかっているが、黒鳥兵衛伝説は史実に基づくものではなく、後世の創作と見られている。
English: Though a Ranpoi was often a Dutch scholar, a Ranpoi who studied only the medicine of Netherlands was not included in Dutch scholars.
Japanese: 蘭方医が蘭学者であることも多いが、オランダ流医学を習っただけの蘭方医は蘭学者に含まれない。
English: Moreover, a Nagasaki interpreter who was academically contributing to Western Sciences can be said to be a Dutch scholar.
Japanese: また長崎通詞は、蘭学に対し学問的に貢献した場合には蘭学者であると言える。
English: During Edo period, exchanges with foreign countries were prohibited by the ordinance of national isolation and only the Netherlands was permitted to do trade in Dejima of Nagasaki.
Japanese: 江戸時代、鎖国令によって海外との交流は禁止され、オランダ一国だけが長崎出島で貿易を許されていた。
English: However, people were generally prohibited from exchanging cultures with the Dutch and import of books was limited.
Japanese: しかし一般人とオランダ人の交流は禁止され、書物の輸入も制限されていた。
English: In "Rangaku Kotohajime" (The Beginning of Dutch Studies), styles of Ranpoi such as the West style, the Kurisaki style, the Yoshida style, the Narabayashi style, the Katsuragawa style, the Caspar style, and the Akio style, etc. were seen.
Japanese: 『蘭学事始』には蘭方医の流派として、西流・栗崎流・吉田流・楢林流・桂川流・カスパル流・吉雄流などが見える。
English: However, this was only a mimic of doctor's medical practices by the Dutch and the academic base was weak.
Japanese: ただしこれはオランダ人医者の医療行為を実際的にまねただけのものであり、学問的な基礎は乏しかった。
English: In order to introduce the techniques, the eighth generation General Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, canceled the ban of import of books from the Netherlands.
Japanese: 8代将軍徳川吉宗は、技術導入を目的に、オランダからの本の輸入を解禁した。
English: Moreover, Yoshimune ordered the Sinology scholar Konyo AOKI, Genjo NORO and others to study Dutch language.
Japanese: また吉宗は、漢学者であった青木昆陽、野呂元丈らにオランダ語の学習を命じた。
English: Genjo NORO, with the cooperation of Dutch interpreters in Nagasaki in Edo Sanpu, made abridged translations "Oranda Kinju Chugyozu Wage" (Dutch Zoology Explained in Japanese) from Jonstons'animal record and "Oranda Honzo Wage" (Dutch Botany Explained in Japanese) from Dodonaevs' herbal works.
Japanese: 野呂元丈は、江戸参府中の長崎通詞の協力を得て、ヨンストンスの動物記から『阿蘭陀禽獣虫魚図和解』を、ドドネウスの本草書から『阿蘭陀本草和解』を抄訳した。
English: Konyo AOKI carried a language study research on the Dutch language, and wrote books such as "Japanese Dutch Translation", "Later Collection of Japanese Dutch Translation", "Japanese Dutch Article Translation", and "Brief Introduction to Japanese Dutch Words", etc.
Japanese: 青木昆陽はオランダ語の語学的な研究を行い、『和蘭話訳』『和蘭話訳後集』『和蘭文訳』『和蘭文字略孝』などを書いた。
English: However, the Dutch language research of Noro and Aoki did not lead to a general popularity.
Japanese: しかし野呂・青木のオランダ語研究は一般的な広がりを持つにはいたらなかった。
English: With the translation of "Kaitai Shinsho" (New Book of Anatomy), followed by the apprentice's education in Genpaku SUGITA's Tenshinro Building, and in addition, Gentaku OTSUKI's publication of "Rangaku Kaitei" (an introductory book of the Western science study by Masatsuna KUTSUKI), the apprentice's education in Shiran-do, the western sciences came to have a general popularity.
Japanese: 『解体新書』の翻訳、それに続く杉田玄白の天真楼での弟子の育成、さらに大槻玄沢の『蘭学階梯』の出版と芝蘭堂での弟子の育成によって、蘭学は一般的な広がりを持つようになった。
English: Afterward, Sanpaku INAMURA published the Dutch dictionary "Haruma Wage" and the language study research advanced.
Japanese: のちに稲村三伯によるオランダ語の辞書『波留麻和解』（はるまわげ）が出版され、語学的な研究が進んだ。
English: Although he was the legitimate son of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the third heir of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), he committed looting and killing of a government official in Kyushu when he was assigned zuryo (custodial governor) in Tsushima, then he was exiled to Oki Province.
Japanese: 河内源氏三代目棟梁源義家の嫡男だったが、対馬受領に任じられたとき九州で略奪を働き、官吏を殺害したため、隠岐国へ流された。
English: However, later he went to Izumo Province and killed a government official again and stole kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes), so he was hunted down and killed by TAIRA no Masamori.
Japanese: だが、出雲国へ渡って再び官吏を殺して官物を奪ったために、平正盛の追討を受けて誅殺された。
English: Because Yoshichika, known as a strong man was killed easily, people doubted the death and a person who called himself Yoshichika appeared one after another.
Japanese: 剛勇の義親が簡単に討たれたことを人々は疑い、その後に幾度も義親を名乗る者が現われている。
English: He was a strong man like his father, Yoshiie who was called "The best heroic samurai in the world," having contributed at the Zen Kunen no Eki (the Early Nine Years' War) and the Go Sannen no Eki (the Later Three Years' War).
Japanese: 前九年の役、後三年の役で活躍し「天下第一の武勇の士」と尊崇を集めた父義家譲りのつわものであった。
English: He was called Aku-Tsushima no kami Yoshichika; in this case, "Aku" means strongness like MINAMOTO no Yoshihira's name, "Akugenta."
Japanese: 後の源義平の悪源太の、強いという意味での悪と同じく、悪対馬守義親と呼ばれた。
English: He was awarded Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and assigned Sahyoe no jo (third-ranked officer of Sahyoe-fu, the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards) and later Governor of Tsushima Province but he conducted looting and killing a citizen around the Kyushu region.
Japanese: 従五位下に叙せられ左兵衛尉、ついで対馬守に任じられるが、九州を横行して、人民を殺害し略奪を働いた。
English: In 1101, OE no Masafusa, Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor General of the Dazai-fu) sued Yoshichika and tracking down and killing of Yoshichika was discussed at the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 康和3年（1101年）に大宰大弐大江匡房から訴えがあったため、朝廷で追討が議される。
English: Yoshiie, the father sent a retainer FUJIWARA no Sukemichi to call back Yoshichika, but Sukemichi followed Yoshichika and killed a government official.
Japanese: 父の義家は郎党藤原資道を遣わして召喚を試みるが、資道は義親に従ってしまい官吏を殺した。
English: However, Yoshichika did not go to the place to stay, then he went to Izumo Province, killed a mokudai (deputy) and took kanmotsu by force.
Japanese: だが、義親は配所には赴かず、出雲国に渡って目代を殺害し、官物を奪取した。
English: Therefore, Yoshiie had to go to hunt down and kill Yoshichika, but Yoshiie passed away in 1106.
Japanese: このため、いよいよ義家が自ら追討へ赴かねばならない状況になったが、嘉承元年（1106年）に義家は死去した。
English: Yoshichika developed a reputation as Kawachi-Genji but there were series of internal conflicts among Kawachi-Genji; in the next year of the War of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, 1109, MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, the heir of Kawachi-Genji was assassinated.
Japanese: 義家が威名を上げた河内源氏では内紛が続き、義親の乱の翌天元2年（1109年）、家督を継いだ源義忠が暗殺された。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna (a younger brother of Yoshiie) was accused of assassination and hunted by Tameyoshi (Yoshichika's son); Yoshitsuna's family was destroyed and Yoshitsuna was exiled to Sado Province.
Japanese: その嫌疑を受けた源義綱（義家の弟）が為義（義親の子）の追討を受け、一族は滅ぼされ、義綱は佐渡国へ流罪となった。
English: People did not believe Yoshichika's death because he was known as a strong man and did not seem to be killed by Masamori, who had no significant military exploits.
Japanese: しかし、剛勇で知られた義親が、それまでさしたる武功のなかった正盛に簡単に討たれたことは当時から疑問視されていた。
English: There was a rumor that Yoshichika was still alive and there were many people who called themselves Yoshichika even after 20 years from his death; according to diaries of Kuge (court nobles), they were arrested or killed.
Japanese: 義親生存の噂が流れ、義親と名のる人物が乱の20年以上後まで幾度となく現われており、それらは捕えられたり、殺されたりしたと、当時の公家の日記に記録されている。
English: According to Takayuki OKUTOMI, specialized in study of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), at the time of Yoshichika, it was already the insei period (during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor) led by the Emperor Shirakawa, and Kawachi-Genji, which was a branch line of Seiwa-Genji and served as military power of Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers to the Emperor) who were against the Emperor Shirakawa lost their power because of hidden strategy by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa ('Black Hand of the Shirakawa Insei' "All Family Lines of Seiwa-Genji" the second band, Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha Co., Ltd.).
Japanese: 清和源氏研究の奥富敬之によれば、当時は既に白河天皇の院政期に入っており、院と対立する摂関家の武力として仕えていた清和源氏の中の河内源氏は、白河法皇の陰謀により勢力を削がれ、衰退してゆく（「白河院政の黒い手」『清和源氏の全家系』第二巻、新人物往来社）。
English: About MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, Yoshichika's father, the Go Sannen no Eki was considered a strife resulting from a personal grudge and Yoshiie was not awarded, furthermore, Yoshiie's private estates was confiscated and new donation of land to Yoshiie was banned.
Japanese: 義親の父・源義家に対しては後三年の役を私闘と見なして恩賞を与えず、義家が所有していた荘園を没収したうえ、新たに義家への土地の寄進も禁じられた。
English: (The above explanation by Motohisa YASUDA is called in question recent years. Please refer to the article of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.)
Japanese: （以上の説は安田元久の説であり、近年疑問視されている。源義家の項を参照）
English: Therefore, the reason for Yoshichika's assignment as Governor of Tsushima Province was to push Kawachi-Genji whose home ground was in Kawachi Province and who had power in Togoku (eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) into Saigoku (western part of Japan [esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) as Kokushi (provincial governor) and to expect their failure because they were not familiar with the Saigoku region.
Japanese: そのため義親が対馬守に任じられたのも、都に近い河内国を本拠地とし、東国を傘下にした河内源氏を、勝手の異なる西国の国司とすることで失敗を期待したものと思われる。
English: Because OE no Masafusa, who sued Yoshichika was a trusted vassal of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, this seems to have been a deceptive ploy by the Retired Emperor Shirakawa.
Japanese: 特に義親を朝廷に告発した大江匡房が白河院の近臣であったことなどからも、院の謀略が伺える。
English: The brothers did not join the Hogen War, the Heiji War and raising an army by the Minamoto clan, and they lived in Kyoto and spent their lives as bureaucrats.
Japanese: 他の兄弟は保元の乱、平治の乱をはじめ、その後の源氏の挙兵にも一切参加せずに、都にあって官僚の道を歩んだ。
English: During the period, in that Tameyoshi could not even be a provincial governor, his brothers were awarded higher position and the first son, MINAMOTO no Yoshinobu got the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: また、為義が低い地位で地方の長官にもなれなかった時期にも、他の兄弟は高位につき、長男の源義信は従四位下まで登っている。
English: Masatora KUSUNOKI (1520 - February 9, 1596) was a man that lived during the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 楠木正虎（くすのきまさとら　永正17年（1520年）-文禄5年/慶長元年1月11日(旧暦)（1596年2月9日））は、戦国時代(日本)から安土桃山時代の人物。
English: He was in charge of Yuhitsu (secretary) for the Matsunaga family, the Oda family, and the Toyotomi family; he referred to himself as a descendant of Masashige KUSUNOKI, and appealed to the Imperial Court for the remission of Masashige KUSUNOKI as an enemy of the Emperor.
Japanese: 松永家、織田家、豊臣家の右筆（書記官）を担当し、楠木正成の子孫と称し、朝廷に楠木正成の朝敵の赦免を嘆願した。
English: In 1559, owing to the mediation through Hisahide, Masatora was granted Chokumen (pardon by Emperor's order) from Emperor Ogimachi to formally use the name of the Kusunoki clan, and he renamed himself from Choan KUSUNOKI to Masatora KUSUNOKI.
Japanese: 久秀の取り成しにより1559年には正親町天皇の勅免を受けて、晴れて楠木氏を名乗り、楠長譜から楠木正虎と改名した。
English: In 1575, he was conferred the position of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) Soi (rank of Buddhist Priest), and along with Yukan MATSUI, he was appointed to the position of control officer for Nobumori SAKUMA.
Japanese: 1575年には式部省僧位に叙せられ、松井友閑らとともに佐久間信盛の監督官の立場に任じられる。
English: Masatora learned calligraphy from Tsunefusa INOO (since Tsunefusa INOO died in 1485, it was conjectured that Masatora actually learned from a man who was one of Tsunefusa's disciples), and he was one of the top grade calligraphers of the day from the Sensoji School.
Japanese: 正虎は、書を飯尾常房に学び（飯尾常房は1485年に没しているので、実際にはその弟子筋の人物に学んだと推測される）、世尊寺流の当代一流の書家であった。
English: During the Bunroku-Keicho War in 1592, he was in charge of bookkeeping at Nagoya-jo Castle in Hizen Province (the present Saga and a part of Nagasaki Prefecture) with Masatsugu ISHIDA, who was the father of Mitsunari ISHIDA.
Japanese: 1592年の文禄・慶長の役に際しては、肥前国名護屋城において、石田三成の父である石田正継とともに記帳などにあたった。
English: It is also insisted by some people that Masatora's son was Masatatsu KUSUNOKI who was a scholar of military science and who had become a foster father to Sessho YUI, but there is no positive proof.
Japanese: 一説には由比正雪の養父となったとされる軍学者・楠不伝（楠木正辰）を正虎の子とするものもあるが、確証は無い。
English: KO no Moronao (year of birth unknown - April 1, 1351) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 高師直（こうのもろなお、生年不詳-正平(日本)6年/観応2年2月26日(旧暦)（1351年3月24日））は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)の武将。
English: NO was commonly used between surname and first name (Ko NO Moronao).
Japanese: 一般的には名字である「高」と、諱である「師直」の間に「の」を入れて呼ばれる。
English: KO no Moronao's family lineage can be traced back to the time when TAKASHINA no Koreaki, who is said to have been an illegitimate child (also said to have been their nanny's younger brother) of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the Minamoto clan's master builder, started to live with MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni, Yoshiie's third son, in Shimotsuke Province.
Japanese: 源氏の棟梁、源義家の庶子と云われる高階惟章（実際は乳母弟か）が、義家の三男源義国とともに下野国に住したことに始まる。
English: He fought in the war against the shogunate as a close adviser of Takauji ASHIKAGA and was assigned as an officer along with his brother Moroyasu at Kubodokoro (a court of justice) and Zasso-Ketsudansho (an agency of the Kenmu government to file lawsuits) during the Kenmu Restoration.
Japanese: 足利尊氏の側近として討幕戦争に参加し、建武の新政においては、師泰と共に窪所・雑訴決断所の役人に任じられている。
English: Moronao conquered not only Akiie KITABATAKE at Sakaiura in Izumi Province in 1338 during the disturbance of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) but also the Masayuki and Masatoki brothers of KUSUNOKI in 1348 during the Battle of Shijonawate.
Japanese: 南北朝の動乱では、延元3年/建武(日本)5年（1338年）に和泉国堺浦で北畠顕家を、正平3年/貞和4年（1348年）の四條畷の戦いでは楠木正行･楠木正時兄弟らを討った。
English: Having played an active part in military affairs, he attacked the Southern Court side in Yoshino and made them retreat to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: さらには吉野へ攻め入って南朝方を賀名生（奈良県五條市）へ撤退させるなど、主に軍事面で活躍した。
English: The bakufu was led by two brothers between whom there were frequent conflicts of interest: the shogun Takauji, and Tadayoshi who was in charge of government affairs.
Japanese: 幕府内部は、将軍尊氏と政務を取り仕切る足利直義の足利兄弟による二頭制となっていたため、やがて両者の間に利害対立が頻発。
English: The conflict arose from the opposite personalities of Moronao and Tadayoshi, with strife over authority dividing the bakufu into two groups.
Japanese: 師直は直義と性格的に正反対だったこともあって直義との対立が次第に深まっていき、幕府を二分する権力闘争へと発展していく。
English: Then Moronao, who was displaced from his position as steward due to slanders made by Tadayoshi's close advisers such as Shigeyoshi UESUGI and Naomune HATAKEYAMA, raised an army with Moroyasu and attacked Tadayoshi's residence in Kyoto.
Japanese: やがて、直義側近の上杉重能・畠山直宗らの讒言によって執事職を解任された師直は、師泰とともに挙兵して京都の直義邸を襲撃する。
English: The army surrounded Takauji's residence where Tadayoshi was hiding and demanded his handover.
Japanese: さらに直義が逃げ込んだ尊氏邸をも包囲して、尊氏に対して直義らの身柄引き渡しを要求する抗争に発展した。
English: Despite Takauji's attempts to create peace between Moronao and Tadayoshi, Moronao managed to wipe out opposing forces of Tadayoshi's in the bakufu, leading Tadayoshi to retire from politics and become a monk.
Japanese: 尊氏の周旋によって和議を結んだものの、直義を出家させて引退へと追い込み、幕府内における直義ら反対勢力を一掃した。
English: However, it is said that Takauji and Moronao secretly planned the attack together.
Japanese: しかし、一説にこの騒動は、師直と尊氏の示し合わせによるものといわれる。
English: After Tadayoshi's retirement, Moronao gained political authority in the shogunate government as deputy for Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who was Takauji's legitimate child.
Japanese: 直義の出家後、師直は将軍尊氏の嫡子の足利義詮を補佐して幕政の実権を握る。
English: In 1350, Moronao went to Harima along with Takauji to conquer Tadafuyu, Tadayoshi's adopted child, in the Southern Court.
Japanese: 正平5年/観応元年（1350年）、直義の養子の足利直冬討伐のために尊氏と共に播磨へ出陣する。
English: However, by that time Tadayoshi had escaped from his monastic confines in Kyoto to surrender to the Southern Court and gone to join Tadafuyu in the Southern Court; together, they raised an army to conquer Moronao (Kanno Disturbance).
Japanese: しかし、この際に直義は京を脱出して南朝に降参、南朝・直冬と共に師直誅伐を掲げて挙兵した（観応の擾乱）。
English: In 1351, Takauji, who lost to Tadayoshi of the Southern Court in the Battle of Uchidehama (Uchidegahama) in Settsu Province, accepted Tadayoshi's condition that Moronao and his brother be forced to retire from politics and become monks.
Japanese: 正平6年/観応2年（1351年）、摂津国打出浜の戦いで直義・南朝方に敗れた尊氏は、師直兄弟の出家を条件に和睦した。
English: However, Moronao was then executed with Moroyasu and their families by Yoshinori UESUGI, who ambushed them as they were being convoyed from Settsu to Kyo.
Japanese: ところが、師直は摂津から京への護送中、待ち受けていた上杉能憲によって武庫川畔（現兵庫県伊丹市）において、師泰ら一族とともに処刑される。
English: In one of the Japanese classics: "Taiheiki" (The Record of the Great Peace), some episodes state that Moronao was a realist who had no respect for Shinto and Buddhist deities.
Japanese: 古典『太平記』では、師直は神仏を畏れない現実主義的な人物であるとのエピソードが幾つか記されている。
English: Especially towards authority of the Imperial Family, the book quotes him as saying, "If for some reason a King is needed, let us have one made of wood or metal, and let all the live Kings be banished."
Japanese: 特に天皇家の権威に対しても、「日本国王（天皇）だの、院は必要なら木彫りや金の像で作り、生きているそれは流してしまえ」と発言したことが記されている。
English: However, it was not just Moronao who was against the Imperial Family but also not a few others who did not value the authority of the Imperial Family as high officials.
Japanese: ただし、このような態度は帥直に限られたことではなく、他の幕府高官にも天皇家の権威をさほど重んじない人間は少なくなかった。
English: The Ashikaga shogunate was founded in opposition to the Southern Court which was in favor of the restoration of the Emperor's power to rule as in ancient times.
Japanese: 足利幕府は、古代のような統治者としての天皇権力の完全復活を目指す南朝に対抗して成立した。
English: In general, samurai in the Ashikaga shogunate did not value the Imperial Family's authority, compared to the ones in the Southern Court.
Japanese: 幕府内の武士の間では、南朝側の武士より平均して天皇家の権威・権力を重んじない傾向があった。
English: Moronao, having fallen in love with Takasada ENYA's wife, sent her a love letter which he had Kenko YOSHIDA, the author of "Tsurezure Gusa" (Essays in Idleness) write but he was rejected by her.
Japanese: また、師直が塩冶高貞の妻に横恋慕し、恋文を『徒然草』の作者である吉田兼好に書かせ、これを送ったが拒絶される。
English: In the book "Taiheiki" Moronao, who was upset about the rejection, had Takasada take the blame for a rebellion, for which he and his family were sentenced to death.
Japanese: 怒った師直が高貞に謀反の罪を着せ、塩冶一族が討伐され終焉を迎えるまでを描いている。
English: The "Kanadehon Chushingura" (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers) is based on the Genroku Ako Incident in the Genroku era, adapted to the setting of "Taiheiki."
Japanese: 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』は、元禄時代にあった元禄赤穂事件を『太平記』の設定に仮託している。
English: It features Naganori ASANO as Hangan ENYA (Takasada ENYA) and Yoshihisa KIRA as KO no Moronao, and the incident originates with Yoshinaka's love for Hangan ENYA's wife.
Japanese: 浅野長矩を塩冶判官（塩冶高貞）、吉良義央を高師直とし塩冶判官の妻への横恋慕を発端として描いている。
English: The Chinese character '塩,' a part of ENYA's name, applies to the Chinese character for salt (塩) which is a specialty of Ako City, Naganori's territory, and the Chinese character '高,' a part of KO no Moronao's name, which applies to 'Koke' (高家), a position of master of ceremony which Yoshihisa held.
Japanese: 塩冶の「塩」は長矩の領地赤穂市の特産品、高師直の「高」は義央の役職「高家」に通じる。
English: The KO brothers were branded as wicked from anecdotes in the "Taiheiki" and stories written in later ages.
Japanese: 古典『太平記』に記される逸話や後世の創作などによって、高兄弟は「悪逆非道」の烙印を押されている。
English: However, although according to nobles' diaries that told how evil he was and descriptions of him in the "Taiheiki," Moronao had allowed his samurai to usurp shoen (manors in medieval Japan), this was in fact a common act among samurai at that time.
Japanese: しかし、師直の悪逆非道を伝える貴族の日記や太平記の描写には、配下の武士の荘園の横領を認めていたなどの話が出てくるが、荘園の横領は、師直に限らず当時の武士一般に見られる行動であった。
English: Even Takatsune SHIBA, a powerful military commander in Tadayoshi's group who was cooperative with nobles, temples and shrines in power, received a direct petition in the form of Kasuga Shinboku (Kasuga Shrine's sacred tree), which was often used as a means of protest, when he usurped Kofuku-ji temple's shoen.
Japanese: 貴族や寺社勢力に対して協調的であった直義派の有力武将、斯波高経すらも興福寺の荘園横領によって、春日神木を担ぎ込まれて強訴された実例がある。