nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Therefore, they had a feeling of obligation to Ieyasu: For example, Masanobu HONDA was one of Ieyasu's brains until Ieyasu's later years, and Yoshinobu NATSUME was killed in place of Ieyasu in the Battle of Mikatagahara.
Japanese: 彼らは家康に恩を感じ、本多正信は家康の晩年までブレーンとして活躍し、夏目吉信は三方ヶ原の戦いで家康の身代わりになって戦死した。
English: Furthermore, similarly, Ieyasu thought that the Nichiren sect, which had strong influence over townspeople, was dangerous for the following reasons: In holding Senso-kuyo (a religious ritual where 1,000 priest were invited) at the Daibutsu-den hall of Hoko-ji Temple, ordered by Hideyoshi, the Nichiren-sect was divided into the Jufuseha group, which admitted receiving offerings from other religious sects, and Fu-jufuseha group led by Sogi, which did not admit receiving offerings from other religious sects; In this situation, Ieyasu decided that the latter group did not follow orders of the bakufu and had also the feeling that the Nichiren set was rather aggressive to other religious sects.
Japanese: また、同様に町衆に対し強い影響力を有する日蓮宗に対しても、秀吉が命じた方広寺大仏殿の千僧供養時に他宗の布施を受ける事を容認した日蓮宗受布施派と、禁じた宗義に従った日蓮宗不受不施派の内、後者を家康は公儀に従わぬ者として日蓮宗が他宗への攻撃色が強い事も合わせて危険視した。
English: Therefore, Ieyasu exiled to Tsushima Province Nichio, a member of the Fu-jufuseha group, who did not follow Ieyasu's order for serving the bakufu later, and Nikkyo and others who were aggressive in criticizing other religious sects had their ears and noses chipped off and were exiled.
Japanese: その為、後の家康の出仕命令に従わぬ不受不施派の日奥を対馬国に配流したり、他宗への攻撃が激しい日経らを耳・鼻削ぎの上で追放した。
English: Even after Ieyasu's death, the Fu-jufuseha group continued to be repressed for the reason that the group did not accept religious offerings from the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 家康死後も不受不施派は江戸幕府の布施供養を受けぬ事を理由として、江戸時代を通じて弾圧され続けた。
English: In addition to these newly-emerging religious sects, Ieyasu also cared about the older Tendai sect, Shingon sect, and Hosso sect concerning their connections with the Imperial court through the Monzeki posts (the head priest posts of these temples), and he newly added the Monzeki post to Chion-in Temple of the Jodo sect and furthermore, to Rinno-ji Temple as the pinnacle temple of the Tendai sect and of the Shingon sect, monopolizing the head priest posts of the Tendai sect.
Japanese: これら新興の宗教以外の古い天台宗・真言宗・法相宗にも独占した門跡を通じ朝廷との深い繋がりを懸念し、新たに浄土宗知恩院を門跡に加え、更に天台宗・真言宗の頂点として輪王寺に門跡を設けて天台座主の座を独占した。
English: Chion-in Temple and Rinno-ji Temple had a strong connection with the Edo bakufu, and with the Terauke seido (the system in which the public should be registered in one of designated temples to prove their Buddhist faith) established, the bakufu succeeded in placing religion completely under it.
Japanese: これら知恩院・輪王寺は江戸幕府と強い繋がりを持ち、後の幕府による寺請制度等により幕府は宗教を完全に公儀の下に置くことに成功している。
English: Concerning this, completely different evaluations will be made depending on who makes the evaluation based on what standpoint (power or religion).
Japanese: これについてはそれぞれの立場（権力・宗教）によって、正反対の評価が下されるであろう。
English: It can be said that Ieyasu came to be evaluated badly in the Meiji Restoration and later, because it was convenient for the Meiji government, which was established after it defeated the Edo bakufu, to make bad what was in the Edo period.
Japanese: 明治維新後に家康の悪評が高まったのは、明治政府が江戸幕府を倒して建てられた政権であり、江戸時代を悪とするのが明治政府にとって都合が良いことであったからと言える。
English: In particular, before the Pacific War, the dispatch of troops to Korea by Hideyoshi (the Bunroku-Keicho War) was considered right to the extent that it was called "the subjugation of Korea," because it met the trend of imperialistic territory expansion in Empire of Japan at that time.
Japanese: 特に太平洋戦争前は、秀吉の朝鮮出兵（文禄・慶長の役）が大日本帝国における、帝国主義的な領土拡大と合致し、「朝鮮征伐」と称されるほど是とされていた。
English: Therefore, the biased evaluation of 'Hideyoshi was a clean ruler, while Ieyasu was a cunning ruler' was often made.
Japanese: そのため、「秀吉は清君、それに背いた家康は奸君」と偏った評価をされることが多かった。
English: In this era, critical evaluations were also made for TAIRA no Masakado and Takauji ASHIKAGA, who were respected by Ieyasu and others, as rebels who had defied the imperial court (there is a theory as well that Ieyasu was also critical of Takauji ASHIKAGA).
Japanese: この時期は家康らの尊敬の対象であった平将門や足利尊氏に対しても朝廷に刃向かった逆賊として批判的な評価がなされていた時期である（足利尊氏に対しては家康も批判的だったとする説もある）。
English: In "Ieyasu TOKUGAWA," a novel by Sohachi YAMAOKA, Ieyasu was depicted as a person who restrained himself again and again from an early age, endured adversity and difficulties, and won victories with foresight, or as a realist seeking peace.
Japanese: 山岡荘八の小説『徳川家康』では、幼い頃から我慢に我慢を重ねて、逆境や困難にも決して屈することもなく先見の明をもって勝利を勝ち取った人物、平和を求める理想主義者として描かれている。
English: Therefore, there are also people who evaluate Ieyasu highly as a man who saw the world and had indomitable spirit.
Japanese: そのため、家康を苦労人・不屈の精神力の持ち主として高く評する者もある。
English: On the other hand, in the postscript of "Hasha no Ie," a novel about Ieyasu, Ryotaro SHIBA wrote that 'There were bad aspects as well as good aspects' in the Edo period started by Ieyasu, and he also pointed out that 'The ethnic natures of the Japanese were made undersized and deformed,' and he was quite critical about the closed nature and conservatism of the control.
Japanese: 一方、司馬遼太郎は家康について記した小説「覇王の家」あとがきで、家康が築いた江戸時代については「功罪半ばする」とし、「（日本人の）民族的性格が矮小化され、奇形化された」といった論やその支配の閉鎖ないし保守性については極めて批判的である。
English: There is also the theory that it is an overestimation to consider Ieyasu an excellent ruler or cunning ruler, because, although he unified the nation, he established only conservative systems, compared with Nobunaga and Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 天下を平定したとはいえ、信長・秀吉に比べて守旧的な組織しか作らなかったとして、家康を名君・奸君とするのは過大評価であるとする説もある。
English: There exists the following opinion as well: Rather than determining things independently, Ieyasu held meetings and made his retainers discuss them, and made decisions after they reached conclusions, and therefore, he was only an organizer of discussions or the representative of policy-executing staffs (there is also a viewpoint that he was good at using subordinates), and he could unify the nation because he happened to live a long life and actually was only an ordinary person.
Japanese: 家康は、独断で物事を決するよりは、専ら評定を開いては家臣だけで議論をさせ、家臣たちが結論を出したところで決断をするところから、あくまでその議論のまとめ役や政策実行の代表者に過ぎない（部下の使い方がうまいという見方もある）、たまたま長生きしたために天下を取ることができた凡人に過ぎないとする意見もある。
English: "Bonsho-Ieyasu-tenkatorino-nazo" (The riddles why Ieyasu, an ordinary military commander, could unify the nation) written by Makoto TAKEMITSU employs this theory, and "Nigero Ieyasu" (Escape! Ieyasu), a novel by Shoichiro IKEMIYA, is written form this viewpoint as well.
Japanese: 武光誠の『凡将家康天下取りの謎』がこの説を採っており、池宮彰一郎の小説『遁げろ家康』もこの観点より書かれている。
English: Based on historical evidence, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the Owari-Tokugawa family made clear that Lord Ieyasu's 'Goikun' (teachings), which includes the famous phrase of 'A person's life is as if going on a long road with a heavy burden on its back --- Consider that anger is an enemy,' had the following origin: First, in the Meiji period, Matsunosuke IKEDA, a shogun's former retainer having earned a 500 koku of rice crop, made documents with an autograph sign of 63-year-old Ieyasu, based on 'Hitono-imashime' (Admonitions), which had been said being Tokugawa's teachings, and then Deishu TAKAHASHI and others dedicated them to Tosho-gu shrines in various areas, including Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine.
Japanese: 「人の一生は重荷を負ふて遠き道をゆくがごとし…怒りは敵とおもへ」で有名な家康公の「御遺訓」は、明治時代に元500石取りの幕臣、池田松之介が徳川光圀の遺訓と言われる「人のいましめ」を元に家康63歳の自筆花押文書との体裁にしたものを高橋泥舟らが日光東照宮など各地の東照宮に収めたものであることを尾張徳川家の徳川義宣が考証した。
English: "Tosho-gu Goikun" (Goikun at Tosho-gu Shrine) (or "Ieyasu-ko Goikun" (Goikun by Lord Ieyasu)), whose contents are very similar to those of the above document, is also called "Matsunaga Dosai Kikigaki" (verbatim accounts of what Dosai MATSUNAGA heard), "Inoue Kazu no kami Kikigaki" (verbatim accounts of what Inoue Kazu no kami heard) or "Banzaishi."
Japanese: また、これとよく似た『東照宮御遺訓』（『家康公御遺訓』）は『松永道斎聞書』、『井上主計頭聞書』、『万歳賜』ともいう。
English: It is said that what Dosai MATSUNAGA and Inoue Kazue no kami (Masanari INOUE), sent to Ieyasu at Sunpu by Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogun, in the early Genna era (1615 - 1624), heard from Ieyasu during their several-days' stay there, were recorded in it.
Japanese: これは松永道斎が、井上主計頭（井上正就）が元和(日本)の初め、二代将軍徳川秀忠の使いで駿府の家康のもとに数日間の滞在した際に家康から聞いた話を収録したものという。
English: Ieyasu was extremely enthusiastic about health, and lived an extraordinary long life for the standard at that time (for 75 years when his life was counted in the number of years where he lived) (or for 73 years and four months in the actual life length).
Japanese: 家康は現在でいう健康おたくであり、当時としては極めて長寿の75歳（満73歳4ヵ月）まで生きた。
English: It is said that being finicky originally, Ieyasu considered the balance of foods to eat as well as digestion and notified the kitchen of the information.
Japanese: 元々凝り性だった家康は食事のつりあい、消化のよさなどを考えて台所に献立を通達していたと言われている。
English: His meals were austere, and he maintained the eating habit in the fighting field as a military commander in the Sengoku period.
Japanese: その食事は質素で、戦国武将として戦場にいた頃の食生活を崩さなかった。
English: The fried sea bream that might have caused his death was his first and last extravagance in his life (adding more, fried sea breams were eaten by fishermen, and according to the common sense at that time, they were not too extravagant).
Japanese: 死因となったともいわれた鯛の天ぷらは、生涯の最初で最後の贅沢であった（さらに言えば、鯛の天ぷらは当時の常識で言えば漁師などが食べるものであり、必ずしも贅沢すぎるものではなかった）。
English: He was familiar with natural drugs and had such profound knowledge that astonished even drug specialists, and according to a theory, it is also said that he mixed drug materials by himself and that he cured a disease of Iemitsu, his grandson.
Japanese: また生薬にも精通し、その知識は専門家が舌を巻くほどのもので一説には自分で調合していたとも、孫の家光の大病を治したとも言われるほどである。
English: On the other hand, it is also said that he often produced too strong drugs by using drug materials near to powerful medicines like mercury and took them like household medicines, and therefore, he was admonished by drug specialists (by the way, mercury was used as a drug for treating syphilis, and it is surmised that he suffered from syphilis).
Japanese: 逆にしばしば水銀など劇薬まがいの薬剤を利用して強過ぎる薬を調合し、常備薬のように服用したため、専門家から諌言されていたとも言われる（なお、当時水銀は梅毒の治療薬に用いられていたため、家康が梅毒であったと推測できる）。
English: By the way, it is recorded that Hai Gou Shen (male seal sexual organs), an aphrodisiac, was used in drugs for Ieyasu.
Japanese: ちなみに、精力剤である海狗腎は家康の薬の調合に使用されたという記録が残っている。
English: Concerning falconry, one of his hobbies, Ryotaro SHIBA wrote in "Hasha no Ie" that 'He might have been the first person in Japan who had the knowledge that physical exercise is good for health.'
Japanese: また趣味の一つとされる鷹狩りに関して、司馬遼太郎は「運動が健康にいい事を知った日本で初めての人物かも知れない」と『覇王の家』の中で述べている。
English: There is the following anecdote: The shoes from Europe were slippery with a smooth sole, and for this, getting a hint from straw sandals in Japan, he made the sole grooved to make it not slippery.
Japanese: 裏がつるつるで滑りやすかった南蛮渡来のくつの裏に日本のわらじからヒントを得て滑り止めの溝を彫らせ滑りにくくしたという挿話もある。
English: He was an expert in the Japanese martial arts of swordplay, gunnery, archery, equestrian art, and Japanese swimming.
Japanese: 剣術、砲術、弓術、馬術、日本泳法等の日本武術について一流の域に達していた。
English: His swordplay was that of the Shinkage-ryu (神影流) school that originated in the Shinto-ryu school by Mitsumori ARIMA and in the Shinkage-ryu (新陰流) school by Nobutsuna KAMIIZUMI (according to "Okudaira-ke Fu" (a family tree of the Okudaira family) and a document on the Jikishinkage-ryu school swordplay that has been handed down for generations; However his swordplay was that of the Okuyama-ryu school according to "Kyugasai Yuishogaki" (a kind of family tree of Kyugasai)).
Japanese: 剣術は、新当流の有馬満盛、上泉信綱の新陰流の流れをくむ神影流（『奥平家譜』、直心影流伝書による、　なお『急賀斎由緒書』では奥山流）
English: He learned his swordplay in the following way throughout his life: He learned it from Kyuga OKUDAIRA (Kyugasai was one of his names as a swordsman), a founder of swordplay as well as his retainer, for seven years from the Battle of Anegawa, employed Tadaaki ONO (recommended by Ittosai ITO in the Itto-ryu school of swordplay) as the swordplay instructor for Hidetada at a stipend of a 200 koku of rice a year in 1593, and also employed Munenori YAGYU in 1594 (Ieyasu fought with Muneyoshi YAGYU in a swordplay match and was defeated with Munenori using no sword, and therefore, ordered Muneyoshi to serve the bakufu as a swordplay instructor, but he declined the order because of his advanced age).
Japanese: 剣術開祖で家来でもある奥平久賀（号の一に急賀斎）に姉川の戦いから7年間師事、文禄2年（1593年）に小野忠明を200石（一刀流剣術の伊東一刀斎の推薦）で秀忠の指南として、文禄3年（1594年）に新陰流の柳生宗矩（柳生宗厳と立ち会って無刀取りされたため宗厳に剣術指南役として出仕を命ずるも、宗厳は老齢を理由に辞退）を召抱える、など、生涯かけて学んでいた。
English: However, it is recorded in "Mikawa Monogatari" (Tales in Mikawa) that Ieyasu himself said 'For a noble man around whom his retainers exist, the swordplay to protect himself from an initial attack is necessary, but the swordplay to kill his opponent is unnecessary,' and it is also said that he told his sons that taisho (generals) should not directly fight in the fighting field.'
Japanese: ただし、家康本人は「家臣が周囲にいる貴人には、最初の一撃から身を守る剣法は必要だが、相手を切る剣術は不要である」と発言したと『三河物語』にあり、息子にも「大将は戦場で直接闘うものではない」と言っていたといわれる。
English: Concerning swimming art, he showed in a river in the Suruga area how excellently he could swim, when he was 69 years old.
Japanese: 水術についても、69歳の時、駿河の川で見事な泳ぎぶりを家臣に披露している。
English: With a strong physical power as well, he shot down a kite with 1.4-m matchlock gun at the age of 70.
Japanese: また、力も強く、70歳の時に総長4尺7寸（1.4m）の火縄銃で鳶を撃ち落としている。
English: In historical stories and others, Ieyasu was often depicted as a man who had no hobby other than falconry and making drugs, but actually he had many other hobbies.
Japanese: 歴史小説等で鷹狩りと薬づくり以外無趣味とされることが多い家康であるが、実はそれ以外にもたくさん趣味があった。
English: He learned Sarugaku (called Noh at present) from Kanze Juro-tayu, who was in the family line of Zeami, from his earlier years, and not only played it but learned through 'Fushikaden,' and therefore, he was familiar with old customs and manners as well.
Japanese: 猿楽（現在の名称は能）は、若い頃から世阿弥の家系に連なる観世十郎太夫に学び、自ら演じるだけでなく、「風姿花伝」で学び故実にも通じていた。
English: Ieyasu was fond of Sarugaku where samurai spirit and human touches were shown, but did not like his retainers to become devoted to chanoyu (present tea ceremony).
Japanese: なお、家康は武士的な気概や人情味のある猿楽が好きであったが家臣が茶の湯（現茶道）等に凝るのを好まなかった。
English: Because not only he himself played Igo but also protected the head family of the Igo school and established the Igo society, he was praised publicly in the hall of fame for Igo.
Japanese: 自身で嗜んだのみならず家元を保護し、確立した功績から、彼は囲碁殿堂として顕彰されている。
English: He had not much interest in male homosexuality that was not unusual among samurai at that time, but it is said that Manchiyo II (later Naomasa II), a pageboy who became to be counted later as one of Tokugawa-shitenno (the four powerful generals serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), was only one male that Ieyasu loved.
Japanese: 当時武士の間では普通だった衆道にはあまり興味がなかったが、後に徳川四天王に数えられる小姓井伊万千代（井伊直政）は衆道に無関心だった家康が唯一愛した男性であるといわれる。
English: Although having been greatly tormented by Shingen TAKEDA, Ieyasu followed his examples on many policies he took, both in military and political affairs.
Japanese: 武田信玄に大いに苦しめられた家康ではあるが、施政には軍事・政治共に武田家を手本にしたものが多い。
English: When ordered to kill remaining retainers of the Takeda clan by Nobunaga ODA after he ruined the Takeda family in 1582, Ieyasu ignored Nobunaga's order to shelter them.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）に武田家を滅亡させた後、織田信長に武田残党狩りを命じられた際も、信長の命令を無視し武田の遺臣をかくまった。
English: He gave the family name of 'Takeda' to his fifth son, Nobuyoshi, and made him govern Mito Domain with the name of Nobuyoshi TAKEDA.
Japanese: 自分の五男・信吉に「武田」の苗字を与え、武田信吉と名乗らせ水戸藩を治めさせている。
English: Famous red-colored arms of Naosuke II also followed the example of Masakage YAMAGATA, a brave general of the Takeda clan.
Japanese: 有名な井伊直政の赤備えも、武田の猛将山県昌景にあやかったものである。
English: On the contrary, he was slow to respond to Nobunaga ODA, his friend from his childhood and his sworn ally, and he scarcely followed Nobunaga's policies.
Japanese: それとは反し、幼馴染であり盟友であった織田信長に対しては反応が鈍く、政策に信長を手本にしたようなものは少ない。
English: In his later years, Ieyasu was fond of talking about old times, including the Imagawa era when he lived a life like a prisoner, but it is said that he did not talk about his impressions of Nobunaga (according to a theory, it is said that he resented Nobunaga).
Japanese: 晩年人質的な存在であった今川時代も含め、昔話を好んで家臣に聞かせた家康だが、信長に関する感想はほとんど語らなかったと言われている（一説には恨んでいたとも言われる）。
English: It is said to be auspicious that one dreams Mt. Fuji, a hawk or an eggplant in the first night of the year, but according to a theory, it is also said that these three items were a list of what Ieyasu liked.
Japanese: 初夢で見ると縁起がいいものと言われる富士山・鷹・ナスは、一説には家康の好きなものを列挙したと言われる。
English: Ieyasu was fond of eggplants over anything else, and because 'liked by the person who became the ruler of the nation,' eggplants were selected as the third item to follow the luck.
Japanese: 茄子は家康の無類の好物で、「天下を獲った男の愛する品」にあやかろうというものである。
English: Ieyasu, blessed with many competent retainers, gave important posts to those who expressed their opinion straightforwardly.
Japanese: 多くの有能な家臣に恵まれた家康は率直な物言いをする者を好んで重用した。
English: It is said that Ieyasu respected such persons as Gaozu (Liu Bang), Choryo, Han Xin, Tai Gong Wang, Buno, Shuko, Yoritomo MINAMOTO, and Takauji ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 家康は、高祖、張良、韓信、太公望、文王、周公、源頼朝、足利尊氏、などの人物を尊敬していたと伝えられている。
English: It is said that he liked reading "Rongo" (Analects of Confucius), "Chuyo" (Doctrine of the Mean), "Shiki" (the Chinese Historical Records), "Kanjo" (historical records of the Han Dynasty), "Rikuto" (an ancient Chinese strategy book), "Sanryaku" (an ancient Chinese strategy book), "Joganseiyo" (a book written about Taiso, the second Emperor of Tang Dynasty in China), "Engishiki" (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), and "Azuma kagami."
Japanese: 家康の愛読書は、『論語』、『中庸』、『史記』、『漢書』、『六韜』、『三略』、『貞観政要』、『延喜式』、『吾妻鑑』などの書物だと伝えられている。
English: Ieyasu printed and published these books in wood block printing from before the Battle of Sekigahara (called Fushimi versions), and in copper character versions (called Sunpu versions).
Japanese: 家康はこれらの書物を関ヶ原以前より木版印刷（伏見版）で、大御所になってからは銅活字版（駿府版）で印刷・刊行していた。
English: His interest was wide: For example, he had Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji) taught, and learned geometry and mathematics from Anjin MIURA (William Adams).
Japanese: また源氏物語の教授を受けたり、三浦按針から幾何学や数学を学ぶなど、その興味は幅広かった。
English: Two or three out of 100 persons have the teso in which 'the knowledge line' and 'the feeling line' are integrated (called 'masukake' line).
Japanese: 「知能線」と「感情線」が1体となっている手相（＝ますかけ線）を持つ人が100人に2~3人ほどいる。
English: It is said that Ieyasu had a masukake line (his teso was stored in the treasure hall in Nikkosan-Rinno-ji Temple in Tochigi Prefecture).
Japanese: 家康もマスカケ線だったと伝わる（左手の手相が栃木県・日光山輪王寺宝物殿に保管されている）。
English: By the way, many of the persons with a masukare line had the good luck of ruling a nation, and even today, many persons in top groups of various fields had this teso.
Japanese: 因みにマスカケ線の持ち主は、国家を支配する強運の持ち主が多く、現代でもあらゆる分野のトップ達に多く見られる。
English: For the question of 'What is the treasure of Tokugawa?' made by Hideyoshi, he replied that 'it was 500 samurai in Mikawa.'
Japanese: 「徳川の宝はなにか？」との秀吉の問いに対し、「五百騎の三河武士である」と返答している。
English: In "Eimeiyawa," the following description is included as what Koan WATANABE talked: "The handwriting of Gongen-sama (Ieyasu) is as bad as that of persons who had no knowledge of writing."
Japanese: 『永茗夜話』には渡辺幸庵の話として「権現様（家康）は無筆同様の悪筆にて候」とある。
English: In "Eimeiyawa," the following description is included as what Koan WATANABE talked: 'The handwriting of Gongen-sama (Ieyasu) is as bad as that of persons who had no knowledge of writing.'
Japanese: ただし、直筆文章とされる書状などを見ると読めないような悪筆ではないため、当時流行の筆捌きでないと言う意味かもしれない。
English: When he tried to dry his hands with Kaishi (Japanese tissue) after coming out of a lavatory, the Kaishi flew away with the wind, and he chased after it to the garden to take it back (for the retainers who laughed seeing the scene, he retorted that 'I have become the ruler of the nation in this way").
Japanese: 手洗いから出て懐紙で手を拭こうとしたら、懐紙が風に飛ばされたので庭まで追っていって取り返した（それを見て笑う家来に対し、「わしはこれで天下を取ったのだ」と言い返している）。
English: His clothes were washed frequently because he rarely bought new clothes, and when the female servant, who had been forced to wash them, complained that she wanted Ieyasu to buy new clothes, he told her in an admonishing tone that he saved money for the nation.
Japanese: 新しい服をあまり買わず、洗濯して使っていたため、洗濯させられる侍女から新しい服を着てほしいと苦情が出たとき、天下のため倹約するのだと逆に説教した。
English: When female servants once complained that pickles of their dishes were salty, he inquired the complaint of the cook, and getting the following answer, he left the matter intact: "Even now, the female servants ask for another helping many times, and it is unconceivable how many more times they will become to ask for another helping when more delicious pickles are served."
Japanese: また、侍女から料理の漬物がしょっぱいという苦情が出たので料理人に問いただしたところ、今でも侍女たちはたくさんおかわりしているのに、おいしい漬物を出したら何杯おかわりするかわからないと答えられ、笑ってそのままにした。
English: He had the collected tax amount of gold and silver reported directly by the daikan (the bakufu officer sent tot the domain), and made the amount up to the units of Kan and Mon (Kan and Mon: each a monetary unit at that time) stored in a warehouse, and made female servants gather to count the remaining amount corresponding to Monme and Bu (Monme and Bu: each a monetary unit at that time) for private use.
Japanese: 代官からの金銀納入報告を直に聞き、貫目単位までは蔵に収め、残りの匁・分単位を私用分として女房衆を集めて計算させた。
English: When, on an occasion in the Sengoku period, one of his retainers offered boiled rice with boiled barley on top of it, he said that, in such a period, he could not be a glutton himself while farmers continued suffering (foods became most scanty in summer).
Japanese: ある時部下が米飯の上に麦をのせ出した所、戦国の時代において百姓にばかり苦労させて（夏は最も食料がなくなる時期）自分だけ飽食できるかと言った。
English: He gave his retainers small house-building space so that they would not build pompous residences, and his residence itself was austere as well.
Japanese: 家臣が華美な屋敷を作らないよう与える敷地は小さくし、自身の屋敷も質素であった。
English: Ujisato GAMO cited Toshiie MAEDA as the person who could become the ruler of the nation following Hideyoshi, and said that Ieyasu could not become Tenkabito (the ruler of the nation), because he did not give lots of territories to others.
Japanese: 蒲生氏郷は秀吉の後に天下を取れる人物として前田利家をあげ、家康は人に知行を多く与えないので天下人にはなれないといった。
English: Ieyasu was born in Okazaki City, Mikawa Province, but lived in present Shizuoka Prefecture (Hamamatsu, Sunpu) for a long period of time throughout his life, in his main castle there or as the base site of his life.
Japanese: 家康の生誕地は、三河国・岡崎市だが、生涯を通じて現在の静岡県（浜松・駿府）を本城あるいは生活の拠点としている期間が長かった。
English: The total length of the period when he lived in Okazaki City was a short time of ten years combining those in his childhood years and those after the Battle of Okehazama, including the periods of two years when he lived as a hostage with the Oda family in Owari Province.
Japanese: 岡崎市にいたのは、尾張国の織田氏のもとで人質として過ごした2年を含め、幼少期及び桶狭間の戦い後10年と短い。
English: This theory is as follows: Ieyasu was killed by Nobushige SANADA in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), and a shadowy person acted in place of Ieyasu until he died due to illness, to avoid the confusion that would ensue otherwise and to make the work to stabilize the bakufu progressed smoothly.
Japanese: 大坂夏の陣の際に家康は真田信繁に討ち取られ、混乱を避け幕府の安定作業を円滑に進めるために影武者が病死するまで家康の座を代行させていたとされる説。
English: According to a theory, after deciding the promotion of Iemitsu to the shogun post, Ieyasu was shot to death, while hunting with a hawk, by someone belonging to the group, including, Sugen-in, who tried to promote Tadanaga to the shogun post.
Japanese: 一説には家光の擁立を決めた家康は、崇源院ら忠長擁立派により鷹狩の最中に狙撃されたといわれる。
English: Miki NAKAYAMA (June 2, 1798 to February 18, 1887) was a Japanese religious leader (the founder of the Tenrikyo-sect).
Japanese: 中山美伎（なかやまみき、寛政10年4月18日(旧暦)（1798年6月2日）-明治20年1月26日(旧暦)（1887年2月18日））は、日本の宗教家、天理教教祖。
English: On the morning of April 18, 1798, she was born to the family of Hanshichi MAEKAWA in Sanmaiden Village of Yamabe Country in Yamato Province (present day Sanmaidencho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 寛政10年4月18日の朝に、大和国山辺郡三昧田村（現在の奈良県天理市三昧田町）の前川半七の家に生まれる。
English: On October 13, 1810, she married Zenbei NAKAYAMA (The NAKAYAMA family is referred to as "the Residence of Origin" in Tenrikyo).
Japanese: 文化(元号)7年9月15日(旧暦)（1810年10月13日）に中山善兵衞に嫁ぐ（この中山家を、天理教では「元の屋敷」と呼ぶ）。
English: On October 23, 1838, when her eldest son Shuji was suffering from leg pain, she invited Ichibei, an ascetic Buddhist monk, to perform an incantation.
Japanese: 天保9年（1838年）、まず10月23日に、長男秀司が足痛で苦しんだとき、修験者市兵衛を招き祈祷をおこなった。