nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Fourteen domains in Ou held a conference and submitted a petition for the pardon of the Aizu and Shonai Domains to Commander KUJO, but KUJO rejected it; as a result, they modified the plan to petition directly to the Imperial Court and added eleven more domains to sign the Shiraishi pact on May 15.
Japanese: 奥羽14藩は会議を開き、会津藩・庄内藩赦免の嘆願書を九条総督に提出するも却下されたため、朝廷へ直接建白を行う方針に変更し、閏4月23日新たに11藩を加えて白石盟約書が調印。
English: Joined by the five domains in Echigo such as the Shibata Domain and the Echigo-Nagaoka Domain when negotiations with the new government's forces collapsed because armed neutrality was rejected, an alliance was established by a total of thirty-one domains.
Japanese: 同盟には、武装中立が認められず新政府軍との会談に決裂した越後長岡藩、ほか新発田藩等の越後5藩が加入し、計31藩によって同盟が成立した。
English: In August the alliance installed to its head Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen, (later Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa) who had escaped from the Ueno War.
Japanese: さらに6月には上野戦争から逃れてきていた輪王寺宮公現法親王（のちの北白川宮能久親王）が盟主として据えられた。
English: Accordingly, some believe that the alliance would have conceived the idea of inaugurating Rinojinomiya as the Emperor Tobu and setting up the Tohoku government.
Japanese: これには輪王寺宮の「東武皇帝」へ推戴し、東北政府を作る構想もあったとする説もある。
English: The Ouetsu-reppan alliance's government requested Takeaki ENOMOTO, who led the former Shogunate warships and fled, to send reinforcements, but Enomoto did not agree to the request; later, he only accommodated defeated soldiers.
Japanese: 奥羽越列藩同盟政府は、旧幕府艦隊を率いて脱走していた榎本武揚に対して援軍の要請を行うも、榎本はこれに同調せず後に敗兵を収容するにとどまった。
English: In the Hokuetsu War, Nagaoka Castle and Niigata Port, used as a supply base for weapons by the alliance, became the main battlefield.
Japanese: 北越戦争では長岡城と、同盟が武器の供給源としていた新潟港が主戦場となった。
English: In a conference on June 21, the Nagaoka domain petitioned for a stance of armed neutrality and an extension of time to persuade the Aizu Domain, and yet the new government rejected them.
Japanese: 5月2日の会談で、長岡藩は武装中立の姿勢と会津説得の猶予を嘆願したが新政府側はこれを拒否。
English: Consequently, domains in Hokuetsu together with the Nagaoka Domain joined the alliance, setting off a battle between the new government's forces and the allied forces.
Japanese: これにより長岡藩および北越の藩が同盟へと参加したため、新政府軍と同盟軍の間に戦端が開かれた。
English: The center of the alliance, in particular the Nagaoka Domain, allowed the county magistrate, Tsugunosuke KAWAI, to carry out army reform and to upgrade military equipment, and even possess Gatling guns.
Japanese: 特に中心となった長岡藩は郡奉行河井継之助により、兵制改革が進められ、武装も更新されており、、ガトリング砲も有していた。
English: Although the allied forces recaptured Nagaoka Castle, commander Tsugunosuke KAWAI was wounded in the battle.
Japanese: 同盟軍は長岡城を奪還したものの、この際、指揮をとっていた河井継之助が負傷する。
English: The new government's forces recaptured Nagaoka Castle again, and with the fall of Niigata which had protected the Yonezawa and Aizu Domains, they placed the entire area of Echigo under control.
Japanese: 新政府軍は長岡城を再奪取、米沢・会津藩兵が守る新潟も陥落したため、8月には越後の全域が新政府軍の支配下に入った。
English: In effect, the domains of the Ouetsu-reppan, depending on Niigata City Port for arms supplies, faced a serious situation.
Japanese: これによって、武器類の補給を新潟市港に頼っていた奥羽越列藩は深刻な事態に追い込まれた。
English: Emissaries from both the allied forces and the governor general of the chinbushi in the new government were sent to the Kubota Domain (also called Akita Domain) because opinions within the domain were not monolithic even though it had joined the alliance.
Japanese: 久保田藩（秋田藩）は同盟に参加したものの、なおも藩内の意見が不確定だったため、新政府側の鎮撫使総督と同盟側の使者の両者が訪れていた。
English: On August 21, a retainer of the Kubota Domain supporting the new government murdered an emissary from the alliance's Sendai Domain and managed to control the opinions of people within the Kubota Domain, and the Kubota Domain defected from the alliance to the new government.
Japanese: 7月4日、新政府を支持する久保田藩士が、同盟側仙台藩の使者を殺害し藩論を掌握、同盟を離脱して新政府側へと変節した。
English: Although it became the base for the new government's forces, the Akita Domain was isolated and attacked from the south by the Shonai Domain, from the southeast by the Sendai Domain, and from the northeast by the Nanbu Domain.
Japanese: 秋田藩は東北での新政府軍の拠点となったが、孤立状態にあり、南から庄内藩、南東から仙台藩、北東から南部藩に侵攻された。
English: The Akita Domain, together with the samurai warriors of the Saga Domain deployed as reinforcements, fought a defensive war, but fell behind; the Shonai Domain in particular advanced deep into the Akita Domain and even captured subsidiary castles of Kubota Castle; the Akita Domain, however, prevailed due to the arrival of reinforcements from the new government's forces, and launched a counterattack.
Japanese: 援軍として派遣されていた佐賀藩兵と共同で防衛戦を行うも劣勢で、特に庄内藩には領内深くまで攻め込まれ久保田城の支城までが落とされたが、新政府軍の増援が来着したことで優勢となり反撃を行った。
English: The Shonai Domain had been engaged in a battle since May 16 with the new government's forces advancing from Kiyokawaguchi.
Japanese: 庄内藩は4月24日、清川口から侵攻してきた新政府軍と戦闘に突入していた。
English: The Shonai Domain triumphed over the new government's forces, because, having expected an attack from them, Shonai had westernized their arms by purchasing the latest rifles with donations from wealthy merchants, and also it was superior in tactical command.
Japanese: 新政府軍の侵攻を予想して、豪商からの献金で最新鋭の小銃を購入し洋化を進めており、戦術指揮も優秀であったため新政府軍を圧倒。
English: The Shonai Domain sent reinforcements to the allied forces in an uphill battle at Shirakawaguchi, but made the troops retreat from there since the Kubota Domain in Akita as well as the smaller domains near-by defected to the new government's side; at the same time, it launched an attack on these defecting domains.
Japanese: 同盟軍が苦戦していた白河口へ援軍を送ったが、その直後に秋田の久保田藩およびがその周辺の小藩が新政府側へと寝返ったため、白川口へ派遣した部隊を帰還させるとともに、それら新政府側の藩へ侵攻した。
English: The Shonai Domain occupied the Shinjo Domain and advanced to Kubota Castle, but retreated back into its own territory because the new government's forces became dominate from the surrender of some of Shonai's allied domains.
Japanese: 新庄藩を占領し久保田城に迫ったが、他の同盟藩の降伏によって新政府軍の兵力が増強されたため領内へと撤退した。
English: The Shonai Domain fought a defensive war afterwards and protected most of its own territory, but on November 8, partly due to the defection of allied domains from the alliance, the domain surrendered its castle.
Japanese: その後は防衛戦を行い、ほぼ領土を守っていたものの、他の同盟藩が脱落したこともあり9月24日に開城し恭順した。
English: The allied forces had earlier occupied a strategic point at Shirakawa-Komine Castle where the lord had been absent.
Japanese: 藩主不在となっていた白河小峰城は要地であり、先んじて同盟軍が占拠していた。
English: The battle over Shirakawa-Komine Castle (the Battle of Shirakawaguchi) lasted approximately three months, and in the end, the new government's forces captured the castle.
Japanese: この白河小峰城をめぐり3か月余りも攻防戦（白河口の戦い）が行われ、最終的に新政府軍が占領した。
English: The allied forces attempted to recapture the castle, but in vain; on the other hand, the new government's forces seized Nihonmatsu Castle while the allied forces deployed their troops heavily concentrated their troops at Shirakawaguchi, gaining access to Aizu.
Japanese: 同盟軍も奪還を試みたが失敗に終わり、白河口へ兵力が集中した隙を衝かれ二本松城も落城し新政府軍は会津へと進行路を確保した。
English: The new government's forces advanced by way of the Bonari-toge from out of several highways to circumvent the allied forces, and a fierce battle (the Battle of Bonari-toge) was waged.
Japanese: 新政府軍はいくつかの街道のうち、同盟軍の裏をかいて母成峠から侵攻し激戦（母成峠の戦い）が行われた。
English: The new government's forces broke through the defense line of the allied forces, and the samurai warriors of the Aizu Domain and the former Shogunate forces were besieged at Wakamatsu Castle.
Japanese: 新政府軍により同盟軍の防衛線は突破され、会津藩兵および旧幕府軍は若松城に篭城した。
English: They called at Sendai Port to pick up the remaining powers of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance and the samurai of the former Shogunate forces such as; Keisuke OTORI and Toshizo HIJIKATA, and then left for Ezochi (Hokkaido).
Japanese: 仙台港に寄港し、奥羽越列藩同盟の残党勢力及び大鳥圭介・土方歳三等の旧幕府軍を収容し、蝦夷地（北海道）へと向かった。
English: Enomoto occupied bases such as; Goryokaku in Hakodate and established a regional government (the Enomoto Government, or commonly known as the Ezo republic).
Japanese: 榎本は箱館の五稜郭などの拠点を占領し、地域政権を打ち立てた（榎本政権（通称、蝦夷共和国））。
English: Enomoto and some others submitted a petition for granting the control of Ezochi to the retainers of the former Shogunate in the name of development and protection of the north, but the new government rejected it and deployed troops.
Japanese: 榎本らは北方の防衛開拓を名目として旧幕臣政権による蝦夷地支配の追認を求める嘆願書を朝廷に提出したが、新政府はこれを認めず派兵した。
English: Even though the former Shogunate forces occupied Matsumae and Esashi, they wrecked the Kayo Maru Warship, the core of their forces, and in effect the navy deteriorated; they fought against the new government's forces at the Battle of Miyakowan Bay, but lost, allowing the government's forces to land at Ezochi.
Japanese: 旧幕府軍は松前、江差などを占領するも、要となる開陽丸を座礁沈没させて失い海軍へ兵力は低下、宮古湾海戦を挑んだものの敗れ、新政府軍の蝦夷地への上陸を許す。
English: On July 13, 1968, the new government reduced the sentence of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA by one level from the death penalty, allowed Iesato TOKUGAWA to inherit the Tokugawa Shogunate family, and granted Sumpu with seventy million goku.
Japanese: 慶応4年5月24日、新政府は徳川慶喜の死一等を減じ、徳川家達に徳川将軍家を相続させ、駿府70万石を下賜することを発表した。
English: On December 7 in the same year, punishment for the domains in the Tohoku Region and Echigo was announced.
Japanese: 同年（明治元年）12月7日、東北地方と越後の諸藩に対する処分が発表された。
English: Those domains whose territories were greatly reduced as a result of the punishment went bankrupt, causing some of their impoverished retainers to move to Hokkaido only to engage in development.
Japanese: 大きく減封された藩では財政が破綻したため、困窮した藩士の一部は北海道に移住し開拓に携わった。
English: Later, he was given the title of Baron, lower by one rank from the lord of the domain, thanks to voluntary actions by former retainers of the domain to confer upon him an order.
Japanese: 後年、旧藩士らの手弁当による叙勲運動により、養子が他の旧藩主より一段低い男爵に叙任された。
English: Hachinohe Domain: no punishment is said to have been given since Nobuyuki NANBU, the lord of the domain, was kin of the Shimazu clan.
Japanese: 八戸藩-藩主・南部信順が島津氏の血縁ということもあり、沙汰無しとなったと言われる。
English: In May, 1869, in Tokyo, a principal chief retainer of the Sendai Domain, Nariyuki TADAKI, a chief retainer of the Sendai Domain working in Edo, Eiriki SAKA, a chief retainer of the Aizu Domain, Gombei KAYANO, and a chief retainer of the Morioka Domain were sentenced to the ultimate penalty of the funshu-kei (beheading and displaying of the severed head in public) as a symbol of 'a mastermind of the rebellion' in place of each lord of the domain.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）5月、各藩主に代わる「反逆首謀者」として、仙台藩首席家老但木成行、仙台藩江戸詰め家老坂英力、会津藩家老萱野権兵衛、盛岡藩家老楢山佐渡が、東京で極刑の刎首（ふんしゅ）刑（首を刎ねられてさらし首にされる）に処された。
English: Afterwards, chief retainers of the Sendai Domain, Sadayu TAMAMUSHI and Bunjuro WAKO were forced to commit seppuku.
Japanese: 続いて、仙台藩家老玉虫左太夫、同じく仙台藩家老若生文十郎が、切腹させられた。
English: Punishment of the Aizu Domain was contrasted with that of the Shonai Domain, dividing the new government into two opinions of 'severe punishment' and 'lenient punishment'
Japanese: 会津藩と庄内藩の処分については、新政府内においても「厳罰論」と「寛典論」に分かれたが対照的な処分となった。
English: So severe was the punishment of the Aizu that the Aizu Domain must move to either the former territory of Inawashiro or the new land of Tonami with 30 thousand goku; after discussion, it decided to be Tonami.
Japanese: 会津藩に対する処分は厳しく「旧領の猪苗代か新天地の斗南どちらか3万石に転封」というもので、会津藩内での議論の末、斗南を選択している。
English: With strong wind and snow, Tonami practically had only 8 thousand goku of territory; many retainers of the former Shogunate and their family who moved there became ill and died from hunger and cold weather, and some of them moved to a new place in Japan or overseas.
Japanese: 斗南は風雪が厳しく実質的には8000石程度で、移住した旧藩士と家族は飢えと寒さで病死者が続出し、日本全国や海外に散る者もいた。
English: His handling of the Shonai Domain was elaborate; moved by this, people in the domain deeply respected him.
Japanese: 西郷隆盛の庄内藩に対する対応は巧妙であり、これに感激した庄内の人々は、西郷に対する尊敬の念を深めた。
English: The former lord of the Shonai Domain, Tadazumi SAKAI, together with other people, compiled SAIGO's teachings of the deceased, 'teachings of the deceased by an old man in Nanshu,' and later, some of the former retainers of the Shonai Domain joined the SAIGO's army in the Seinan War.
Japanese: 前庄内藩主酒井忠篤(庄内藩主)らは西郷の遺訓『南洲翁遺訓』を編纂し、後の西南戦争では西郷軍に元庄内藩士が参加している。
English: The Kubota Domain, the Tsugaru Domain, and the Miharu Domain which defected from the Ouetsu-reppan alliance to the new government were commended for their deeds, and were given provisional shotenroku in 1869.
Japanese: 奥羽越列藩同盟政府から新政府に寝返った久保田藩・津軽藩・三春藩は功を労われ、明治2年（1869年）には一応の賞典禄が与えられた。
English: However, they were not equally treated as some other domains, and did not receive any privilege.
Japanese: しかし、いずれも新政府側から他の諸藩と同格とは見なされず恩恵を得られなかった。
English: There were many people discontented with such treatment, and an anti-government movement in the former Akita Domain and a Movement for Freedom and People's Rights (jiyu-minken-undo) in the former Miharu Domain were gaining ground.
Japanese: この仕置きを不満とした者の数は非常に多く、後に旧秋田藩領では反政府運動が、旧三春藩領では自由民権運動が活発化した。
English: When the Hakodate War was over, the mastermind of the war, Takeaki ENOMOTO, Keisuke OTORI, and Taro MATSUDAIRA were imprisoned in Tatsunokuchi, Tokyo, but they were pardoned in January, 1872, because of a movement to save their lives led by Kiyotaka KURODA.
Japanese: 箱館戦争が終結すると、首謀者の榎本武揚・大鳥圭介・松平太郎らは東京辰の口に投獄されたが、黒田清隆らによる助命運動により、明治5年（1872年）1月に赦免された。
English: On September 8, 1917, the 50th Ceremony for Boshin War martyrs was held in Morioka.
Japanese: 大正6年（1917年）9月8日、盛岡において戊辰戦争殉難者50年祭が開かれた。
English: The president of the (Rikken) Seiyu party, Takashi HARA, who was born to the chief retainer of the Morioka Domain, attended the ceremony, and virtually as a chief mourner, delivered the Shinto prayers during the festival, 'the only casus belli of the Boshin War was the difference in political opinions,' clearing the name of 'rebel army' and the 'choteki' (enemy of the Imperial Court).
Japanese: 事実上の祭主としては、盛岡藩家老の家に生まれた政友会総裁原敬が列席し、「戊辰戦役は政見の異同のみ」とした祭文を読み上げ、「賊軍」・「朝敵」の汚名を雪いでいる。
English: There is a theory called 'Sendai capital theory' that Sendai would be the capital of Japan now if only the Ouetsu-reppan alliance had won a battle against the new government.
Japanese: 「戊辰戦争で奥羽越列藩同盟が新政府に勝っていれば仙台（周辺）が日本の首都になった」、という「仙台首都説」がある。
English: Irrelevant of this directly, Sendai City was named as one of the candidates for the capital when the draft "law of decentralization of authority" was deliberated and the transfer of the capital in Japan was examined in the early 1990's.
Japanese: これに直接的な関連は無いが、1990年代前半に地方分権法案が審議され日本の遷都が検討された際に、仙台市も首都候補都市として挙げられていた。
English: In the Boshin War, the causes of various incidents and reasons are often explained by relating them to revenge.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争では戦争の様々な事柄や理由において、その原因を遺恨と結びつけて説明される事がある。
English: The catching and killing of loyal and leaderless warriors by the Aizu Domain in charge of the Kyoto Shugoshoku; burning down of the Satsuma Domain residence in Edo.
Japanese: 京都守護職であった会津藩の京都における勤王・倒幕浪士の捕殺や、庄内藩による薩摩藩邸の焼き討ち。
English: Violent assaults and pillage by the new government's forces in Aizu War are the reason for revenge of each domain.
Japanese: 会津戦争での新政府軍による暴行・略奪などが各藩の「恨み」の理由として挙げられる。
English: Additionally, Aritomo YAMAGATA and Shuzo SERA called members of the former Shogunate 'choteki' with respect, when their domain switched to the Imperial forces; in the Seinan War in Kagoshima the batto-tai of the former Shogunate forces cut in with a sword, shouting 'Avenge for Boshin, avenge for Boshin.'
Japanese: また実際に、長州藩では官軍に立場が転じると旧幕府側の人間を敵意をこめて「朝敵」と呼称した山県有朋や世良修蔵のような人物が見られ、鹿児島で起きた西南戦争において旧幕府側出身の抜刀隊員達は、賊軍の汚名を晴らすべく「戊辰の仇、戊辰の仇」と叫んで斬り込んでいったとする談話もある。
English: There is a rumor even now that people in Fukui Prefecture where the Aizu Domain used to exist, especially around Aizu-wakamatsu still hold a grudge against people in Yamaguchi Prefecture (Choshu Domain) and Kagoshima Prefecture (Satsuma Domain).
Japanese: 現在でも会津藩のあった福島県（特に会津若松周辺）では、山口県（長州藩）・鹿児島県（薩摩藩）の人間へのわだかまりがあるという風説もある。
English: It is true that the Boshin War was intertwined with various types of revenge, but there were some claims that connected unsubstantiated incidents with revenge, and there were even facts that were fabricated.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争には様々な遺恨が絡んでいたのは事実であるが、真実が定かではない事柄までも怨恨と結びつけた主張や、事実の捏造がなされている場合もある。
English: The Kanno Disturbance was a power struggle within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that reached its height during the Kanno era from 1350 to 1352 of the Northern and Southern Court period.
Japanese: 観応の擾乱（かんのうのじょうらん）は、南北朝時代(日本)の1350年-1352年の観応年間に頂点に達した室町幕府内の権力闘争。
English: This article will also explain the Shohei Itto (Unification of Shohei) by the Southern Court that temporarily happened in relation to this disturbance.
Japanese: ここではこの騒乱に付随して一時的に生じた南朝(日本)側による南北朝の統一である「正平一統」（しょうへい(の)いっとう）についても併せて解説する。
English: The governance system in the early Ashikaga shogunate (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which supported the Northern Court and was established in Kyoto was not yet functional and governance used the kasei (vassal) system of the Ashikaga family.
Japanese: 北朝を擁立し、京都で成立した初期の足利幕府においては統治機構が未整備で、足利家の家政機関を利用しての統治が行われていた。
English: Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Takauji ASHIKAGA left Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who actively supported Takauji during his plans to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu and departure from the Kenmu Restoration, to manage administration and Tadayoshi was in charge of shogunate administration such as litigation.
Japanese: 征夷大将軍の足利尊氏は、鎌倉幕府の討幕や、建武の新政からの離反などにおいて尊氏を積極的に補佐した実弟の足利直義に政務を任せており、訴訟関係をはじめとする幕政は直義が司っていた。
English: Takauji kept the position as the family head of the Ashikaga and the military command, and held the mandokoro (The Administrative Board) and samurai dokoro (The Board of Retainers) under his control.
Japanese: 尊氏は足利家当主としての地位や軍事的指揮権は保持し、政所や侍所などの家政機関は管轄下に置いていた。
English: The Ko clan had for generations been retainers of Ashikaga and KO no Moronao acted as a steward, fighting the Southern Court forces in the Kanto region as the military commander and gained military success by placing the Kanto region under the control of the bakufu.
Japanese: 高氏は足利家譜代の被官で、高師直は執事を務め、軍事指揮官としても関東地方の南朝勢力を掃討して、関東を平定し幕府の支配下に置くなど軍事的大功を立てる。
English: His brother Moroyasu KO was also militarily successful by defeating Yoshisada NITTA and Akiie KITABATAKE and participated as a core member of the bakufu.
Japanese: 兄弟の高師泰も新田義貞、北畠顕家を討つなど軍事的功績を挙げ、幕府の中枢に参画するようになる。
English: Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA handled many lawsuits raised by the aristocracy, temples and shrines who had their shoen (private estates) taken by the buke (military class), and he tried to avoid conflict between kuge/temples/shrines and buke by preventing control by buke by recognizing the independence of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines in exchange for accepting the Hanzei rei.
Japanese: 足利直義は立場上、武家によって自領である荘園を蚕食された公家や寺社の訴えを扱うことが多く、鎌倉時代のように、公家や寺社の領地である荘園については半済令の受け入れと引き換えに独立性を認め武家の支配下に置かないことで、公家・寺社と武家との対立を避けようとしていた。
English: On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
Japanese: 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
English: Therefore, a conflict over the supremacy of the bakufu arose between the group supporting Tadayoshi and the group supporting Moronao.
Japanese: このため、直義を支持する一派と、師直を中心とする一派が、幕府の主導権をめぐって対立を深める。
English: Meanwhile, KO no Moronao killed Takasada ENYA, which shocked bushi nationwide.
Japanese: その中で高師直が塩冶高貞を殺害する事件を起こし、各地の武士の間にも動揺が走った。
English: In 1347, the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) started a movement to regain Kyoto.
Japanese: 1347年（正平(日本)2年/貞和3年）に入ると、南朝(日本)（吉野朝廷）が京都奪還の動きを見せる。
English: Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA accepted Takauji's request to send Akiuji HOSOKAWA to attack the Southern Court forces, but it ended in failure.
Japanese: 足利直義は尊氏の意向を受けて細川顕氏らを派遣してこれを討とうとするも失敗する。
English: On the other hand, Ko no Moronao destroyed the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) forces led by Masatsura KUSUNOKI in the Battle of Shijonawate in 1348, and with the momentum, succeeded in attacking Yoshino, the main headquarters of the Southern Court, leading to the escape of the Southern Court to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 一方、高師直は翌1348年（正平(日本)3年/貞和4年）の四條畷の戦いにおいて楠木正行ら南朝(日本)（吉野朝廷）方を撃破し、更に勢いに乗じて南朝の本拠地吉野を陥落させ、南朝を賀名生（奈良県五條市）へ逃げ込ませた。
English: As a result, Tadayoshi's power decreased within the bakufu and Moronao's power increased, leading to further conflict between the two groups.
Japanese: この結果、幕府内における直義の発言力の低下と師直の台頭が生じ、両派の対立に一層の拍車がかかった。
English: In June 1349, Shigeyoshi UESUGI, Naomune HATAKEYAMA, and the Zen priest, Myokitsu advised Tadayoshi to slander KO no Moronao before the shogun Takauji.
Japanese: 翌1349年6月、上杉重能や畠山直宗、禅僧の妙吉らは直義に進言し、直義に将軍尊氏に対して高師直を讒言させる。
English: Tadayoshi requested an Imperial order to attack Moronao from Emperor Kogon of the Southern Court to kill Moronao, but on August 12, Moronao gathered troops together with Moroyasu KO who came to the capital from Kawachi and made a preemptive strike against Tadayoshi.
Japanese: 直義は北朝の光厳天皇に師直追討の院宣を要請して師直を討とうとするが、8月12日、師直は河内から上洛した高師泰とともに手兵を集め、直義に対して武力による先制攻撃を行う。
English: Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, who was Takauji's bastard son and Tadayoshi's foster son, who was staying in Bingo Province after being named the Nagato tandai (Shogunal deputies in Nagato) in April, heard about the events in Kyoto and tried to go to Kyoto to help his foster father Tadayoshi, but Moronao commanded Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) to stop Tadafuyu's movement toward Kyoto and asked Takauji to attack Tadafuyu.
Japanese: 尊氏の庶子で直義の猶子となり、4月に長門探題に任命されて備後国に滞在していた足利直冬は、京都での事件を知ると、養父直義に味方するために上洛しようとするが、師直は赤松則村（円心）らに命じて直冬の上洛を阻止し、尊氏に直冬追討を要請する。
English: On the 13th, Tadayoshi escaped into Takauji's quarters, but Moronao brought a large force and surrounded Takauji.
Japanese: 13日、直義は尊氏の邸に逃げ込むが、師直は大軍をもって尊氏邸を包囲する。
English: This incident was intervened into by the Zen priest Muso Soseki, under the condition that Shigeyoshi and Naomune were to be exiled, Tadayoshi became a monk and retired from the bakufu administration, Moronao removed his barricade.
Japanese: 事件は禅僧夢窓疎石の仲介もあり、重能・直宗の配流、直義が出家し幕政から退くことを条件に、師直は包囲を解く。
English: In place of Tadayoshi, who retired from governing, Takauji's legal son, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who lived in Kamakura came to Kyoto to become the next shogun and take up the administration.
Japanese: 直義が政務を退く代わりとして鎌倉に居た尊氏の嫡子足利義詮が上洛して次期将軍として政務を執ることとなる。
English: This incident sparked rumors that said there was an understanding between Moronao and Takauji to eliminate Tadayoshi, and even to this day, there are theories that propose the incident was caused with intention.
Japanese: この事件は、直義の排除のため師直・尊氏の間で了解があったとする噂が存在し、現在でも積極的に意図されていたという考え方もある。
English: However, during December, Shigeyoshi UESUGI and Naomune HATAKEYAMA were killed while under Moronao's custody, leading to tension between the two groups again.
Japanese: しかし、この月に上杉重能と畠山直宗が配流先で師直の配下に暗殺されたことから、両者の緊張は再び高まった。
English: In October, Takauji set out with his forces to attack Tadafuyu in Kyushu, who was increasing his power, and meanwhile, Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto.
Japanese: 10月、尊氏は九州で勢力を拡大する直冬追討のために出陣すると、京都では直義が都を出奔する。
English: Takauji continued to move his forces, and Tadayoshi gained the support of Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA, Tadatsune MOMONOI, Yorifusa ISHIDO, Akiuji HOSOKAWA, Tokiuji YAMANA, and Takatsune SHIBA, and in Kanto, Noriaki UESUGI chased away KO no Morofuyu of the KO clan in December.
Japanese: 尊氏は進軍を続けるが、直義は畠山国清、桃井直常、石塔頼房、細川顕氏をはじめ、山名時氏、斯波高経らを味方に付け、関東では12月に上杉憲顕が高一族の高師冬を駆逐する。
English: In January 1351, the Tadayoshi forces chased Yoshiakira from Kyoto and preserved the Northern Court.
Japanese: 1351年（正平6年/観応2年）1月、直義軍は義詮を京都から追い、北朝を確保する。
English: In February, Takauji lost to Tadayoshi at the Battle of Komyo-ji Temple (Harima Province) and the Battle of Uchidehama (Settsu Province), and reconciled with Tadayoshi under the condition that Moronao and Moroyasu brothers become monks.
Japanese: 2月、尊氏は播磨国光明寺合戦や摂津国打出浜の戦いで直義に敗れ、師直・師泰兄弟の出家を条件に直義と和睦する。
English: The Ko brothers were killed together with other family members by Yoshinori UESUGI (foster son of Shigeyoshi who was killed by Moronao) of the Tadayoshi group at Mukogawa River (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture) in Settsu when they were on their way from Settsu to Kyoto under guard.
Japanese: 高兄弟は摂津から京都への護送中に、待ち受けていた直義派の上杉能憲（師直に殺害された重能の養子）により、摂津の武庫川（兵庫県伊丹市）で一族とともに謀殺される。