nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Shinryo Kogyo was a policy implemented by the Emperor and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun nominally appointed by the Emperor) mainly in the mid-Kamakura period to promote the performance of Shinto rituals on the basis of tenjin sokan shigo (an idea of correspondence between Heaven and Man).
Japanese: 神領興行（しんりょうこうぎょう）とは、主に鎌倉時代中期以降に、天人相関思想に基づき、天皇、鎌倉幕府が行った神事の興行を図る政策のことである。
English: With a view to facilitating the performance of rituals by and securing the estates and other assets of Shinto shrines which would support financing of their performance, the governing authorities promulgated mainly providing for free returning of sold or forfeited land lots.
Japanese: 諸神社の儀式遂行とその財源たる所領等の保障を目的に、既売却地・質流れ地等の無償返付を内容とした法令を発布した。
English: From the early Kamakura period onward, social disturbances including natural disasters and civil wars came to affect the nobility as well, culminating in the Jokyu Disturbance in which the Imperial forces were defeated and even Emperor Daijo was condemned to exile; this resulted in clear recognition that the nobility was in a crisis of life or death.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に入ると災害や戦乱などの社会的混乱が貴族社会にも及び始め、遂に承久の乱では朝廷軍が敗北して太上天皇の流罪が行われるなど、貴族社会が存続の危機に差し掛かっていることが明白となった。
English: Against this background, within the Imperial Court there emerged animated moves to restore its previous authority by recovering centripetal force and thereby turning the eyes of people to real-world politics.
Japanese: こうした中で、朝廷内では現実的な政治に目を向ける事で求心力を回復させて昔の権威を取り戻そうとする動きが盛んになった。
English: Benevolent rule' was a policy principle promoted along this line of thought, and Shinryo Kogyo was one of the policies based on that principle.
Japanese: 「徳政」はその路線の上に推進された政策であり、神領興行はそうした政策の一つである。
English: Jishakogyo-rei (literally "law on the performance of temples and shrines") had been issued as part of such new policy systems since the rule by cloistered emperors; under Hogen Shinsei (Hogen new law) of 1156 acclaimed as having established the Shinjin (godlike person) Kugonin (people who presented food and other supplies to the Imperial Court, noble families, temples and shrines) Sei (system), Emperor Goshirakawa promulgated his own Shinji Kogyo Rei (literally "law on the performance of religious rituals") but as a specific policy action, the first instance is found in the policy advocated under the Shinsei of the Retired Emperor Gosaga in 1156 to admonish government officials and provincial governors against neglect of religious rituals and to prevent Shinjin and Kugonin from increasing in number.
Japanese: 新制の一環としての寺社興行令は院政期から出されており、職の体系や神人・供御人制を確立したとの評価がある保元元年（1156年）の「保元新制」においても、後白河天皇による神事興行令が出されているが、具体的な施策としては、後嵯峨上皇新制において、建長5年（1253年）官司国司による神事執務怠慢を諌め、神人、供御人の増加を防止する方針が打ち出されたことが最初の事例である。
English: This policy is appreciated as embodying physiocracy, restraining the influence of Shinjin and Kugonin engaging in commerce and encouraging the performance of true religious rituals.
Japanese: これは商業に従事する神人・供御人を抑制し、本来の神事を興行しようとする重農主義的施策と評価されている。
English: Kuge Shinsei (new laws issued by the Imperial Court) in 1261 and 1263 encouraged 'respect for gods and Buddha' and, under the direct rule by Emperor Kameyama that followed, performance of Shinto and Buddhist rituals was declared in 1273 with mention of specific measures in the form of succeeding Kocho Sinsei (of 1261 and 1263).
Japanese: また、弘長元年（1261年）、同3年（1263年）に出された公家新制においては「神仏尊重」が謳われ、続く亀山天皇親政下、文永10年（1273年）には弘長新制を受け継ぐ形で具体策を掲げた神事仏事の興行が宣言されている。
English: With Genko (Mongolian invasion attempts against Japan) marking a new epoch, there spread the idea that the victory in the secular war was due to the victory in the 'divine war' based on the aforementioned tenjin sokan shiso, and a nationwide call arose for the performance of praying and various other rituals, expansion of shrine estates and construction of temples and shrines as expressions of gratitude for the divine protection.
Japanese: 元寇を画期として、上述する天人相関思想に基づき、地上の戦争に勝利したのは「神の戦争」において勝利したからだとの思想が広まり、神仏の加護に報いるため、祈祷等の諸儀式の興行、社領の拡張と寺社造営とが全国的に叫ばれ始めた。
English: In this period, the management of shrine estates by Shinto priests was destabilized by arbitrary appointment of priests and approval of betsusoden (fragmentation of shrines' estates to be separately possessed by Sekkanke (families qualified for appointment as Prince Regent or Chief Advisor to the Emperor) or other persons having particular relations, who were honsho (nominal landowners)) by not only jito (estate stewards) and higokenin (lower-ranking samurai not under official control of the Bakufu) but also by honsho, and the consequent lack of funds prevented shrines from duly performing various rituals.
Japanese: この時期、諸国の神社領は、地頭、非御家人のみならず、本所による恣意的な神官任命や別相伝（神社領が細分化され本所である摂関家等の縁故者に占有されること）承認により、神官による神社領管理が不安定となっており、このため財源に事欠くことから神社における諸儀式が滞るようになっていた。
English: On July 4, 1284 when Cloistered Emperor Kameyama had the virtual reins of government, Chinzei Shinryo Kogyo Kaifukurei (Order to Restore Rituals in Shrine Estates in Kyushu) was issued on August 7 in the same year to reward those who had contributed to the victory against Genko, and recovery of former shrine estates already sold or pledged by then was made possible gratis under this order.
Japanese: 亀山院政下の弘安7年5月20日(旧暦)（1284年7月4日）、同年6月25日(旧暦)（8月7日）に鎮西神領興行回復令が元寇に対する恩賞として出され、売却、質入済の旧神領の無償回復が打ち出された。
English: Chinzei Shinryo Kogyo Kaifukurei was thereafter successively issued in 1285, 1298 and 1312, and applied to Shinto shrines in the whole country, including Usahachiman-gu Shrine and Ise-jinja Shrine above all; the estates of Ise-jinja Shrine expanded especially in eastern provinces.
Japanese: 鎮西神領興行令は以後、弘安8年（1285年）、永仁6年（1298年）、正和元年（1312年）に相次いで出され、宇佐八幡宮と伊勢神宮を先頭に、全国的に適用され、特に伊勢神宮の神領は東国を中心に次々に広がっていった。
English: Under Shinryo Kogyo-rei, samurai and bonge (commoners) were excluded from various shrine positions, and Shinryo ichien chigyo (unified proprietorship of shrine estates) became more prevalent.
Japanese: 神領興行令により武家や凡下（一般民衆）による諸職は排除される結果となり、神領一円知行が進んだ。
English: This development stimulated the proliferation of Shinryo ichien chigyo not only from the samurai side through jito-uke (system under which the jito controls a manor and pays a fixed fee to its owner) and shitaji-chubun (halving of revenue source land) but also from ryoke (lords of manors), resulting in the beginning of breakdown of the traditional system of occupational positions based on status differences, which involved the emergence of jito having a ryoke position and vice versa, and eventually in a major change of ryoke positions and jito positions in manors and public estates.
Japanese: この動きにより、地頭請、下地中分等を通じた武家の側からのみならず、領家側からの一円知行化が活発となり、領家職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領家が現れるなど、従来の身分格差に応じた職の体系が崩れだし、荘園・公領における領家職・地頭職のあり方が大きく変わることとなった。
English: Furthermore, under the Kenmu Restoration regime in 1333, as the positions of honke (nominal landowners) and ryoke (virtual landowners) of manors were abolished in various provinces and Kansha Kaihorei (Order to Release Officially Authorized Shrines) was issued, resulting in rapid progress of proprietorship unification, and such expressions as jisharyo (estates of temples or shrines), honsho ryo (estates of honsho) and bukeryo (estates of samurai families) began to be found in the initial forms of these orders of Muromachi period.
Japanese: 更に建武の新政において元弘3年（1333年）、諸国の本家・領家職が廃され、官社解放令が出されるなど一円化が急速に進んだため、室町時代の法令には初発から寺社領、本所領、武家領の表現が現れる。
English: Also, as the expansion of temple or shrine premises, in which it was theoretically prohibited to kill animals, became a nationwide tendency, common people who had lived on the blessings of mountains, fields, rivers and seas ran into difficult situations and some of them became bandits, according to recently published views.
Japanese: また、殺生禁断を建前とする寺社領域の拡張が全国的に広まったため、これまで山野河海を生活の場としてきた民衆たちが苦境に立たされ、悪党となったのではないかとする見解が近年出されている。
English: "Heike Nokyo" is a general term representing the Buddhist scriptures donated to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine by Heike (Taira family [the same character is read Hei or Taira depending on the context]) with prayer for prosperity of the greater Taira family including Ise-Heishi.
Japanese: 『平家納経』（へいけのうきょう）は、平安時代に平氏伊勢平氏と平家の繁栄を願い、厳島神社に奉納された経典類の総称。
English: The donated scriptures comprise 30 volumes of the Lotus Sutra, one each of the Sukuhavati sutra, the Heart Sutra and TAIRA no Kiyomori's gammon (Buddhist prayer) in his own hand, kyobako (boxes in which the Buddhist scriptures are kept) and a karabitsu (six-legged Chinese-style chest).
Japanese: 法華経30巻、阿弥陀経1巻、般若心経1巻、平清盛自筆の願文1巻と、経箱・唐櫃からなる。
English: They are typical works of decorated Buddhist scriptures in the Heian period, best-class historical materials communicating features of artifacts of the times to the present day.
Japanese: 平安時代の装飾経の代表作で、当時の工芸を現代に伝える一級史料である。
English: The scriptures were brush-copied by Kiyomori, TAIRA no Shigemori, TAIRA no Yorimori, TAIRA no Norimori and other members of the family.
Japanese: 経典を筆写したのは平家の一族らで、清盛・平重盛・平頼盛・平教盛など。
English: Reading the postscript to each volume of the scriptures donated to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in 1164, one knows that it was not until 1167 that all of the scriptures were completed.
Japanese: 長寛2年（1164年）に厳島神社に奉納されたが、各巻の奥書を参照すると、全体の完成には仁安(日本)2年（1167年）までかかったとされる。
English: They are preserved to date, and all the volumes were designated as national treasures in 1954.
Japanese: 現在まで伝えられ、全点が昭和29年（1954年）、国宝に指定された。
English: They are at present owned by and preserved at Itsukushima-jinja Shrine, and their replicas are publicly exhibited at Takaramono-kan (Treasure Pavilion) of Itsukushima-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 現在厳島神社が所蔵しており、レプリカが厳島神社宝物館で公開されている。
English: The Inokuma Incident was a big scandal involving high-ranking officers of the Imperial Court in 1609 the early Edo period.
Japanese: 猪熊事件（いのくまじけん）は、江戸時代初期の慶長14年（1609年）に起きた、複数の朝廷の高官が絡んだ一大醜聞事件。
English: The incident not only disclosed the wild license of court nobles but even triggered tightened control of the Imperial Court by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun) and abdication of Emperor Goyozei.
Japanese: 公家の乱脈ぶりが白日の下にさらされただけでなく、江戸幕府による宮廷制御の強化、後陽成天皇の退位のきっかけともなった。
English: Sakone no shosho (officer of the Imperial guard department) Noritoshi INOKUMA, a court noble in Kyoto, was renowned for his allegedly 'unparalleled' handsomeness, likened to Hikaru Genji, hero of the Tale of Genji, or ARIWARA no Narihira whose love affairs were well known in the Heian period.
Japanese: 京都の公家であった左近衛少将・猪熊教利は、「天下無双」とたたえられるほどの美男子で、源氏物語の光源氏や平安時代に浮き名を流した在原業平にもたとえられていた公家であった。
English: His hair style and way of tying the sash, which embodied the then fashionable 'kabukimono' (dandy) spirit were called Inokuma-yo (Inokuma style) and are said to have led the mode in Kyoto.
Japanese: 当時流行した「かぶき者」の精神を汲んだ彼の髪型や帯の結び方は「猪熊様（いのくまよう）」と称され、京都の流行になるほどだったという。
English: However, he had also been notorious for his itch for women; having intrigues even with married women and ladies serving in the Imperial Court; he was alleged to be the 'No. 1 rake among court nobles.'
Japanese: が、かねてから女癖の悪さにも定評があり、人妻や宮廷に仕える女官にも手を出し「公家衆乱行随一」と称されていた。
English: In February and March 1607, his adultery with a court lady was revealed, and the infuriated Emperor Goyozei punished him by chokkan (expulsion from around the Emperor).
Japanese: 慶長12年（1607年）2月には、女官との密通が露顕し、激怒した後陽成天皇から勅勘（天皇からの勘当）を蒙る。
English: Inokuma was expelled and once disappeared from Kyoto, but he is said to have returned to the capital unnoticed by others.
Japanese: 猪熊は京都から追放処分とされ、いったん出奔したが、いつの間にか京へ戻ったという。
English: He never improved in conduct, and invited noble colleagues to repeated adultery with court ladies.
Japanese: その後も素行は修まらず、仲間の公卿を誘って女官と不義密通を重ねていた。
English: Sakone gon no shosho (temporary officer of the Imperial guard department) Tadanaga KAZANIN fell in love with Hirohashi no tsubone (a daughter of buke tenso (liaison officer between the Imperial Court and the Bakufu) and Dainagon (chief councilor of state) Kanekatsu HIROHASHI)) who was in an emperor's favor.
Japanese: 左近衛権少将花山院忠長は、ある時天皇の寵愛深い広橋局（武家伝奏・大納言広橋兼勝の娘）に懸想した。
English: Then he asked dentist Bingo KANEYASU (whose younger sister Sanuki was serving in the court as a myobu (high-ranking court lady)), who had been allowed admission to the inner quarters of the Court, to go between in the exchange of letters between the lovers, who then began direct meetings with each other.
Japanese: そこで宮中深くまで出入りを許されていた歯科医の兼安備後（妹の命婦讃岐も宮中に仕えていた）に仲介を頼んで文通を始め、それをきっかけとして二人で逢瀬を重ねていた。
English: Hearing a rumor of this affair, Inokuma was keenly interested and glibly tempted other court nobles and ladies including his close friend Masakata ASUKAI, and they repeated promiscuous sexual relations in various places.
Japanese: その話を漏れ聞いた猪熊は、俄然興味を持ち、かねてから懇意の飛鳥井雅賢をはじめ、言葉巧みに他の公卿・女官をも誘い出し、様々な場所で乱交を重ねることとなった。
English: However, it was impossible to keep such sexual relations secret among so many persons, and in July and August 1609 information on the fact reached the ears of Emperor Goyozei to his vehement wrath.
Japanese: しかし、このように大人数の乱行が発覚しないわけはなく、慶長14年（1609年）7月、後陽成帝の耳に達し、逆鱗に触れることとなる。
English: An infuriated Emperor Goyozei demanded all the participants in the promiscuous relations be sentenced to death, but no traditional law governing court nobles provided for capital punishment.
Japanese: 激怒した後陽成帝は、乱交に関わった全員を死罪に処せと命じたが、従来の公家の法には死罪は無かった。
English: Moreover, the power of the Edo bakufu had been penetrating its control over court nobles, and even the authority of criminal investigation also rested with the Bakufu.
Japanese: しかも当時、江戸幕府の力は公家の支配にも浸透しつつあり、捜査権も幕府が有していた。
English: Hearing of the scandal, retired Shogun Ieyasu TOKUGAWA ordered Kyoto Shoshidai Katsushige ITAKURA and his third son Shigemasa ITAKURA to investigate into the matter.
Japanese: 事件を聞いた大御所徳川家康の命を受け、京都所司代の板倉勝重およびその三男板倉重昌が調査に当たることとなった。
English: Along with the progress of investigation, it turned out that an unexpectedly large number of persons were involved, and this gave rise to a fear that condemning all of them to death penalty might invite chaos.
Japanese: 調査が進むにつれ、思いの外大人数が関わっていることが判明し、すべてを死罪とすれば大混乱を生ずることが懸念された。
English: Also, the Empress Dowager (real mother of Emperor Goyozei) Haruko KAJUJI's petition for a lenient disposition reached Shoshidai.
Japanese: また国母（後陽成帝の生母）勧修寺晴子からも寛大な処置を願う歎願が所司代に伝えられた。
English: In view of these circumstances, Ieyasu in Sunpu and Katsushige in Kyoto, keeping close contact with each other, worked out their proposal for the punishment of the court nobles.
Japanese: そこで駿府の家康と京の勝重は、綿密に連絡を重ねながら公家衆への処分案を練っていった。
English: In September and October, Noritoshi INOKUMA hiding in Hyuga Province was caught and taken under guard to Kyoto.
Japanese: 9月、日向国に潜伏していた猪熊教利が捕らえられ、京都へ護送されてきた。
English: On October 20, Shoshidai Katsushige ITAKURA back from Sunpu announced the following proposal for the punishment of eight court nobles, five court ladies and one jige (lower class noble) involved in the scandal.
Japanese: 9月23日(旧暦)（新暦10月20日）、駿府から戻った所司代・板倉勝重より、事件に関わった公卿8人、女官5人、地下1人に対して以下の処分案が発表された。
English: Although Emperor Goyozei was very much dissatisfied with this proposal, court nobles and other influential members of the Imperial Court including Shinjotomon-in approved of it, and the penal sentence was finalized.
Japanese: この処分案に対し、後陽成帝は非常に不満であったが、諸公卿・新上東門院など朝廷の主立った面々は賛成しており、処刑が確定した。
English: On November 13, Inokuma and Kaneyasu were beheaded at the Jozen-ji Temple and on the bank of the Kamo-gawa River, respectively.
Japanese: 10月17日(旧暦)（11月13日）、常禅寺において猪熊が、鴨川の河原で兼安が斬首となった。
English: Emperor Goyozei, persuaded by his aides into accepting the Bakufu's lukewarm proposal against his demand for capital punishment of all the persons involved, despaired at the circumstances which were out of his control and began to speak of abdication quite often.
Japanese: 関係者全員死罪を主張しながら、周囲の説得により手ぬるい幕府の処分案に同意せざるを得なくなった後陽成帝は、ままならぬ状況に絶望し、これ以降しばしば譲位を口にするようになる。
English: The Emperor had wished to abdicate his throne in favor of his younger brother Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA, but the Bakufu, the arch enemy of the Toyotomi family, was against his wish, as the Prince had been once a yushi (an adopted son in an old Japanese way) of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and it also was the intention of Ieyasu who wanted judai (entering the Imperial Palace after an official ceremony) of Kazuko TOKUGAWA, a daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, as a consort of Emperor Gomizunoo, a son of Emperor Goyozei, with the consequence that the Emperor was not free even to abdicate.
Japanese: 以前から天皇は、弟宮の八条宮智仁親王への譲位を望んでいたが、豊臣秀吉の猶子となったことがある親王への譲位は、豊臣家と敵対する幕府が難色を示し、また後陽成帝の皇子・後水尾天皇へ徳川秀忠の娘徳川和子を入内させようとしていた家康の意向に沿わなかったため、譲位すらもままならない状況が続いた。
English: Eventually, the Emperor's abdication in favor of Imperial Prince Kotohito was postponed until 1611.
Japanese: 結局、政仁親王への譲位は慶長16年（1611年）まで延ばされることになる。
English: Meanwhile the Bakufu, worried by the lax morals of court nobles, realized the importance of controlling them more strictly, resulting in the institution of Kugeshu hatto (the regulatory law for court nobles) in 1613 and further leading to that of Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (the regulatory laws for the Emperor and court nobles) in 1615.
Japanese: 一方、公家の乱脈ぶりを憂慮した幕府は、公家統制の重要性を悟り、慶長18年（1613年）の「公家衆法度」の制定を招き、さらに慶長20年（1615年）の「禁中並公家諸法度」制定につながっていくこととなる。
English: The TV-adapted story differs from historical facts in that, in the TV play, even the name of Noritoshi INOKUMA is not mentioned, Karahashi no Tsubone is a naishi no jo (a woman officer who carries the Emperor's sword when accompanying him out of the Palace), Bingo KANEYASU is a watchdog at the Okunomon (Inside Gate), the destination of banishment of Tadanaga KAZANIN is Tsugaru, the punishment of court nobles was intended by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to expel pro-Toyotomi nobles from the Imperial Court, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA disagreed to Emperor Goyozei's proposal only to restrain the behaviors of Hirohashi no Tsubone and other court ladies and instead ordered them to be banished (this means that Emperor Goyozei's proposal for punishment had been more lenient).
Japanese: ドラマ中では、猪熊教利が名前すら登場しないこと、唐橋局が掌侍であること、兼安備後が奥の門の見張り役であること、花山院忠長の配流先が津軽であること、公家の処分が徳川家康による豊臣家を支援する公家の宮中からの追放を意図したものであること、広橋局以下女官を謹慎とする後陽成帝の案に対して徳川家康が難色を示し配流となったこと（後陽成帝の処分案が手ぬるいことになる）が異なる。
English: Rokuhara is a name of an area spanning from Gojo-oji Street on the east bank of Kamo-gawa River to Shichijo-oji Street in Kyoto.
Japanese: 六波羅（ろくはら）は京都の鴨川東岸の五条大路から七条大路一帯の地名である。
English: In 951, Kuya founded Saiko-ji (Seiko-ji) Temple here and it is said that Chushin (a Buddhist priest) later changed the name to Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple and, therefore, the zone was called Rokuhara.
Japanese: 天暦5年（951年）空也がこの地に西光寺を創建し、後に中信(僧)がこの寺を六波羅蜜寺と改名したことから「六波羅」と呼ばれているとされる。
English: This area was located at the entrance for visiting Toribeno which was a place for the Kyoto residents to be buried, from central Kyoto and, therefore, this area had many temples such as the Rokudochinno-ji (Rokudochinko-ji) Temple constructed therein and was a prosperous place of belief.
Japanese: この地は洛中から京都の住民の葬地であった鳥辺野に入る際の入口にあたる事から、この他にも六道珍皇寺など沢山の寺院が建てられ、信仰の地として栄えた。
English: In the days of Insei (government of cloistered emperors) here, TAIRA no Masamori constructed a memorial hall for his family and son, TAIRA no Tadamori placed 'Rokuhara yakata' and determined this yakata (residence) as a base for warriors.
Japanese: 院政期には平正盛が一族のために供養堂を建立し、その子平忠盛が「六波羅館」を置き、ここを武家の拠点とする。
English: The Ise-Heishi (Ise Taira clan) of Masamori and his son are believed to have chosen Rokuhara as their base because they were originally from Ise Province and Rokuhara had in its vicinity main roads leading from Kyoto to Ise and the eastern provinces.
Japanese: 正盛父子の伊勢平氏は、伊勢国を本拠としており、京都から伊勢や東国方面への街道が近くにある六波羅が拠点として選ばれたと考えられている。
English: In the days of TAIRA no Kiyomori, Rokuhara became the center of the Taira clan government, however, Kiyomori later constructed his 'Nishihachijo residence' in central Kyoto and moved his base to this residence.
Japanese: 平清盛の時代に平氏政権の中心となるが、後に清盛は洛中に「西八条邸」を造営して拠点を移した。
English: After the Taira clan was exiled from Kyoto, Rokuhara was given to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and Tokimasa HOJO, who became Kyoto shugo, built buildings there for Kyoto shugo (where Tokisada HOJO of the Hojo clan were later stationed) and residents of Yoritomo and gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo period).
Japanese: 平氏の都落ち後、六波羅の地は源頼朝に与えられ、京都守護となった北条時政が京都守護の庁舎を置き（後、一族の北条時定が駐留する）、頼朝や御家人の宿舎が築かれた。
English: However, in Rokujo Horikawa, Yoritomo had a residence which had been handed down through generations in Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), and after Tokimasa the Kyoto shugo had many warriors from court nobles who had long lived in Kyoto and used their own residences as their offices so, the warriors from the eastern provinces, who had no bases in Kyoto like the Hojo clan, often used Rokuhara as their base.
Japanese: ただし、頼朝は六条堀川に河内源氏代々の館を持ち、時政以後の京都守護は公家出身者や京都在住が長い武士が多かったために自己の屋敷を庁舎としており、専ら北条氏のように京都に拠点の無い東国武士が拠点にする場合が多かったとされている。
English: In 1221, the rokuhara tandai (Rokuhara deputies) was founded as the disposition for the Imperial court after Jokyu Rebellion.
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）、承久の乱後の朝廷へ対しての処理として、六波羅探題が置かれる。
English: Around rokuhara tandai, the residence used when seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") came to central Kyoto was constructed, and members of the Imperial Family from the Jimyoin line such as, Retired Emperor Hanazono and Imperial Prince Kazuhito, established their temporary residences in Hinoki-kawaya, a place for the shogun to stay, inside an area north of Rokuhara tandai during the Genko Incident ("Zokushigusho," "Masukagami" (a historical story), etc.)
Japanese: なお、六波羅探題周辺には、征夷大将軍上洛の際の御所が設置されており、元弘の変の際に花園上皇や量仁親王ら持明院統の皇族が六波羅探題北方の内部にあった将軍滞在用の桧皮屋に仮の御所を置いている（『続史愚抄』・『増鏡』など）。
English: In 1333, Rokuhara tandai was attacked by Takauji ASHIKAGA and collapsed.
Japanese: 元弘3年（1333年）、六波羅探題は足利尊氏によって攻められ滅亡する。
English: Because the Muromachi bakufu was based in central Kyoto, warriors living there decreased and temples, were again constructed and the town recovered religious character and became cheerful with cultural activities targeting visitors to temples with entertainment and tea stands.
Japanese: 室町幕府は洛中に根拠を置いたために、武士の居住は減少し、再び寺院などが建てられて信仰の町としての趣が取り戻し、参詣客を相手とした芸能、茶売りなどの文化で賑わう。
English: In 1869, Kyoto Rokuhara Elementary school was founded named after 'Rokuhara.'
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）、「六波羅」の地名にちなんだ京都市立六原小学校が建つ。
English: Kugonin was a group, during the medieval period in Japan, that belonged to the Imperial court who presented food such as special products from the mountains and the sea, and various handicraft products to the Emperor and the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 供御人（くごにん）とは、日本中世において、朝廷に属し天皇・皇族などに山海の特産物などの食料や各種手工芸品などを貢納した集団である。
English: Kugonin later obtained exclusive sales rights of the products presented and conducted activities similar to those of merchants belonging to Za.
Japanese: 後に、貢納する物品の独占販売権を取得し、座に属する商人と同様の活動を行った。
English: In ancient times, there was a custom where Oshokuryo (side dishes excluding grain) including mainly fishery products were presented to the Emperor and the Imperial Family as sacrifices, and it is considered that, under the Ritsuryo system, this was stipulated in addition to Soyocho (a tax system).
Japanese: 古代においては、天皇・朝廷に海水産物を中心とした御食料（穀類以外の副食物）を贄（にえ）として貢ぐ慣習があり、律令制のもとにおいても租庸調などの税とは別に、贄の納付が定められていたと考えられている。
English: Non-agricultural people, including those who presented these items, made their living from the mountains, fields, rivers, and the sea that were originally lands 'not owned by anyone' and were 'beneficial publicly and privately,' however, regulations were initiated by Shoen owners after the disbandment of the Ritsuryo system and the establishment of the Shoen-Koryo system from the 8th Century.
Japanese: これらを貢納する贄人を初めとする非農業民は、従来「無主」にして「公私共利」の地とされた山野河海の利用により生業をたてていたが、8世紀以降の律令制の解体、荘園公領制の成立とともに、荘園領主による制約を受けるようになってきた。