nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: From seeing the harness as burial goods of the old tomb it proved that a cavalry horse culture started at the tumulus period in Japan, and then raising horses for military use spreaded to various places in the Japanese Islands, especially the distribution expanded in the eastern country.
Japanese: 日本では古墳時代に古墳の副葬品として馬具が見られることからこの頃に乗馬文化が導入され、軍事的利用される馬の育成は日本列島の各地へ広まり、特に東国において分布が拡大する。
English: In the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) at the Reign of Empress Suiko, the government post to manage the horses already existed, a powerful clan produced horses in and around the capital.
Japanese: ヤマト王権では推古朝の頃には馬を管理する官職が存在しており、畿内の有力豪族により馬産が行われていた。
English: Also, in the provinces local leaders produced cavalry horses, which were contributed to the central authority under the ritsuryo system.
Japanese: 地方においても在地首長による乗用馬の生産が行われ、律令制下には中央への貢馬が行われるようになった。
English: It is considered that Chokushimaki was newly established to separate it from the Hyobusho (ministry of military) that had undertaken the management of Maki in the later part of the Nara period.
Japanese: 勅旨牧は、奈良時代後期に牧の管理を請け負ってきた兵部省から分離独立する形で、新たに設定されるようになったと考えられている。
English: At this time the supply of horses from Ryoseikoku and Mimaki tended to stagnate, and also a chief executive, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who had a tight grip on military power in the Dajokan, caused a war (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War), so it was a time when the necessity to keep armaments under the direct control of those defending the emperor had been refuted.
Japanese: この時期には令制国やそこに設置された牧（御厩）からのウマの貢馬が滞りがちとなり、更に太政官において軍権を握った最高責任者の藤原仲麻呂が乱を起こす（藤原仲麻呂の乱）など、天皇を守るための直轄の軍備の必要性が唱えられた時期であった。
English: For that reason Chokushimaki was under the control of Naikyuryo (Bureau of administration of barn in the imperial court) in the beginning.
Japanese: このために当初は天皇直属の厩を管理していた内厩寮の下に置かれていた。
English: According to "Engishiki" (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), chokushimaki was established in four provinces: Shinano Province (16 locations), Kai Province (3 locations of Hosaka Maki, Maino Maki, and Kasshiwamae Maki), Kozuke Province (9 locations), and Musashi Province (4 locations), and the first two provinces were under the jurisdiction of Samaryo (Left Division of Bureau of Horses), and the last two provinces under the jurisdiction of Umaryo (Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
Japanese: 『延喜式』によれば、勅旨牧は信濃国（16ヶ所）・甲斐国（穂坂牧、真衣野牧、柏前牧の3ヶ所）・上野国（9ヶ所）・武蔵国（4ヶ所）の計4ヶ国に設置され、前2ヶ国は左馬寮、後2ヶ国は右馬寮の管轄下であった。
English: Also, the additional two Maki are said to have been possessed by Emperor Uda and Emperor Yozei and later incorporated into Chokushimaki.
Japanese: なお、追加された2牧は宇多天皇・陽成天皇の所持していた牧が勅旨牧に編入されたと言われている。
English: In particular, because Udain (the posthumous name of Emperor Uda) is said to have been involved in the rights for appointment and removal of Kokushi (provincial governor) for Shinano and Musashi Provinces under Ingu bunkoku sei (provincial allotment system), there is another viewpoint that he was also somehow involved in the administration of Chokushimaki.
Japanese: 特に宇多院は信濃・武蔵両国を院宮分国制として国司の任免権にも関与していたと言われているために、勅旨牧の経営に何らかの関与したとする見方もある。
English: It is considered that in those Maki, Bokugen (or Mokugen) was assigned for each Ryoseikoku (province), except for Musashi, where Betto was assigned for each Maki, and Zaichokanjin was stationed by the central authority for a certain period of time while Meryo and Hyobusho were established to supervise work attendance.
Japanese: これらの牧は各令制国毎に牧監（もくげん）が設置され（ただし、武蔵のみは各牧単位で別当が設置）、在庁官人が中央官庁より一定の任期を持って任命されて馬寮及び兵部省によって勤怠状況が監督されていたと考えられている。
English: Every year in August, Komahiki (The Horse-Leading Ceremony), a ceremony of Komakenshin, horse presentation from Chokushimaki to the central authority, was held and 240 horses (Kai Province 60, Shinano Province 80, Kazusa Province 50, Musashi Province 50. In addition, 60 horses were added after inclusion of two Maki in Musashi, bringing the total to 110 horses from Musashi and the grand total horses presented to 300 per year) was presented to the Imperial Court every year.
Japanese: 毎年8月には勅旨牧から中央に貢馬牽進の儀式である駒牽が行われ、毎年240疋（甲斐60疋・信濃80疋・上野50疋・武蔵50疋、なお武蔵2牧増加後は60疋が追加されて110疋となり、毎年総計300頭となる）が朝廷に献上された。
English: The horses were sometimes placed in 'Shiyomaki' which was set adjacent to Heiankyo (ancient capital of Japan, present day Kyoto) by Meryo and were accordingly used for public services or granted in some occasions to Kugyo (court nobles) or Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 平安京周辺に馬寮が設定した「飼養牧（しようまき）」に預けられて公務の必要に応じて利用された他、公卿や近衛府などに下賜される場合もあった。
English: It is said the system saw fullest administration in the first half of the tenth century when military tension caused by revolts such as Tengyonoran (the war of Tengyo) was heightened but diminished afterwards.
Japanese: 天慶の乱などによる軍事的緊張が高まった10世紀前半に一番の充実が図られたと言われているが、その後衰微した。
English: Some of the Zaichokanjin who served as Bokugen or Betto (the head secretary of a temple) thrived as Samurai, and the Shigeno clan which is said to have been Bokugen for Shinanomimaki had the Sanada clan in its descendants, who later developed from a small feudal lord to a Kinsei (early modern) Daimyo.
Japanese: また、牧監や別当を務めた在庁官人の中には武士として成長する者もあり、信濃御牧の牧監とも伝えられる滋野氏末流には信濃小領主から近世大名化した真田氏がいる。
English: Also, the offshoot of the Mochizuki clan which ruled 'Mochizukinomaki', a Maki thought to have been the head of Juroku (one of the Noh drama masks which features a boy) Maki, became Omimochizuki clan, the head of Koga Gojyusanke (Koga 53 families)(Koga ninja families).
Japanese: また信濃十六牧の筆頭とされる「望月の牧」を支配した望月氏の支流は、飼養牧のあった甲賀の地で甲賀五十三家（甲賀流忍者）筆頭の近江望月氏となる。
English: Iwanohimenomikoto (year of birth unknown – June, 347) was an Empress of the Kofun period.
Japanese: 磐之媛命（いわのひめのみこと、生年不詳-仁徳天皇35年6月（347年）は、古墳時代の皇妃。
English: Iwanohimenomikoto became jealous easily, and in 342, when she went to play in Kumano and her husband invited Yata no himemiko (Emperor Nintoku's empress after Iwanohimenomikoto died) into the Court, she became very angry and moved to Tsutsukinomiya in Yamashiro (present day Kytotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture), and died at this spot.
Japanese: とても嫉妬深く、仁徳天皇30年（342年）、彼女が熊野に遊びに出た隙に夫が八田皇女（磐之媛命崩御後、仁徳天皇の皇后）を宮中に入れたことに激怒し、山城の筒城宮（現在の京都府京田辺市）に移り、同地で没した。
English: The Imperial Princess Noto (735 - March 20, 781) was a member of the Imperial Family who lived in the Nara period.
Japanese: 能登内親王（のとのひめみこ、のとないしんのう、天平7年（733年）-天応(日本)元年（781年）2月17日(旧暦)）は、奈良時代の皇族。
English: She married Ichihara no okimi who was a great-great grandson of the Emperor Tenchi (fourth generation after the Emperor Tenchi) and had Ioi no Joo (year of birth unknown) and Ioe no okimi (born in 760, later he was granted the name of Harubara no Asomi [asomi: second highest of the eight hereditary titles] and demoted from the nobility to subject).
Japanese: 天智天皇皇玄孫（四世王）の市原王（いちはらのおおきみ、いちはらおう）に嫁し、五百井女王（いおいのおおきみ、いおいじょおう、生年不詳）・五百枝王（いおえのおおきみ、いおえおう、760年生まれ、のち春原朝臣の氏姓を賜与され臣籍降下）を儲ける。
English: On the death of the imperial princess, the Emperor Konin issued the imperial edict promoting Ioi no Joo and Ioe no okimi to the second generation prince and princess (although they were originally the fifth generation princess and prince, they were raised to the second generation (imperial descendant) because they were the emperor's grandchildren from a daughter married into another family).
Japanese: 内親王の薨去に際し、光仁天皇は五百井女王・五百枝王を二世王として優遇する詔を発した（本来は五世王であるが、天皇の外孫のため格別に二世王（皇孫）として処遇することにした）。
English: After the imperial princess's death, the emperor, her father became prone to being sick and abdicated the throne in May that year, and passed away in December.
Japanese: 内親王薨去後、父天皇も俄かに病気がちとなり、同年4月に譲位、12月に崩御した。
English: There is a description in the section of March, 644 of Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), which is the Prince Karu made his favorite mistress, of the Abe clan to look after NAKATOMI no Kamako, who stayed the palace when the Prince Karu did not go to the Imperial Court; it is believed that this favorite mistress, of the Abe clan was Otarashihime.
Japanese: 日本書紀皇極天皇三年（644年）3月の項に、軽皇子が朝参しなかった時、その宮に侍泊した中臣鎌子に寵妃阿倍氏をつかわして世話をさせたとあり、寵妃阿倍氏は小足媛と考えられている。
English: TACHIBANA no Iratsume (year of birth unknown - March 26, 681) was a daughter of ABE no Kurahashimaro.
Japanese: 橘娘（たちばなのいらつめ、生年不詳-天武天皇10年2月29日(旧暦)（681年））は、阿倍倉梯麻呂の娘。
English: Ikisomimi no mikoto (or Okisomimi no mikoto, the date of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial family who appears in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
Japanese: 息石耳命（いきそみみのみこと、またはおきそみみのみこと、生没年未詳）は、「日本書紀」に登場する古墳時代の皇族。
English: Amatoyotsuhime no mikoto (Empress of Emperor Itoku) was his only child, and it is described in 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History) that he had no heir.
Japanese: 子は天豊津媛命（懿徳天皇皇后）のみで、跡継ぎがなかったと「先代旧事本紀」に記されている。
English: The Princess Masako (September 10, 1691 - June 30, 1710) was the lawful wife of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the fifth lord of the Kishu Domain (later the eighth seii taishogun [literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"]).
Japanese: 理子女王（まさこじょおう、元禄4年8月18日(旧暦)（1691年9月10日）-宝永7年6月4日(旧暦)（1710年6月30日））は、紀州藩第5代藩主徳川吉宗（後の第8代征夷大将軍）の正室。
English: The Princess Teruko, the lawful wife of Mitsusada TOKUGAWA who was the second lord of Kishu Domain, was Masako's aunt, and the Princess Kenshi, the lawful wife of the fourth Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA was her aunt, and the Princess Zoushi, the lawful wife of the ninth Shogun Ieshige TOKUGAWA was her niece.
Japanese: 紀州藩第2代藩主・徳川光貞正室の照子女王は伯母、第4代将軍・徳川家綱正室の顕子女王は叔母、第9代将軍・徳川家重正室の増子女王は姪に当たる。
English: She became pregnant after the marriage, but had a stillbirth on June 23, 1710 and she died on June 30 in the same year at the age of 20.
Japanese: その後懐妊したが、宝永7年（1710年）5月27日(旧暦)に死産となり、理子も同年6月4日に20歳で死去した。
English: Hikohitooe no mikoto or Oeo was a member of the Imperial family who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
Japanese: 彦人大兄命（ひこひとおおえのみこと）または大江王は、古墳時代の皇族。
English: In Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), he was considered as Kagurohime, but since Kagurohime was a great-granddaughter of his real older brother, YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto, this was biologically impossible (it is actually described in Nihonshoki [the oldest chronicles of Japan] that she became the empress to Emperor Ojin, and his name is repeated in Kojiki, too).
Japanese: 古事記では迦具漏比売とされるが、彼女は実兄日本武尊の曾孫に当たり、生物学的に不可能である（現に、日本書紀では応神天皇の后となっているし、古事記でも彼の名前の重複が認められる）ことから誤記と思われる。
English: He took Shirogane no miko, his younger paternal half-sister, to his wife, and had children such as Onakatsuhime (she became a consort to his nephew, Emperor Chuai).
Japanese: 異母妹の銀王（しろがねのみこ）を娶り大中姫（甥の仲哀天皇妃）等を儲けた。
English: Koshohajime (New Year lecture in the court) is an annual event of the Imperial court in which Shinko (Scholars give a lecture or explain achievements to the Emperor, the Empress, and the nobility) is given by scholars as a part of the Emperor's start of learning in January every year.
Japanese: 講書始（こうしょはじめ）とは毎年1月に天皇の学問始の一環として学者による進講を行う皇室年中行事。
English: It is said that the oldest Koshohajime was the event in which at Shogosho (Small Palace) of Kyoto Imperial palace "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) was lectured by Misao TAMAMATSU representing Japanese books and "Rongo" (Analects of Confucius) by Tadanaga HIGASHIBOJO (Daigaku no kami) representing Chinese classic books.
Japanese: 明治2年に京都御所小御所において、玉松操らが和書を代表して『日本書紀』を、東坊城任長（大学頭）らが漢籍を代表して『論語』を講義したのが最古とされる。
English: In 1872 the present name was determined and in the following year it was decided that the Empress would attend and that Shinko on Western books also would be given.
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）に現在の呼称が定まり、翌年には皇后も列席する事、洋書に関する進講も行う事とされた。
English: It formally became a court function when Koshitsu-rei (the Imperial Families' Act) Taisho Period Article 5 was issued in 1926.
Japanese: 正式に宮中行事とされたのは、1926年（大正15年）の皇室令大正時代第5条による。
English: After World War II it was decided to replace Japanese books, Chinese classic books and Western books by cultural science, social science, and natural science and to invite the representative authorities of these three fields.
Japanese: 第2次世界大戦後には、これまでの和書・漢籍・洋書を改めて人文科学・社会科学・自然科学の3分野として各界の権威者を招くようになった。
English: The attendees were Emperor Akihito, Empress Michiko, Imperial Prince Naruhito, Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito, and Princess Kiko, the wife of Imperial Prince Fumihito.
Japanese: 出席者は明仁・皇后美智子・徳仁親王・秋篠宮文仁親王および文仁親王妃紀子。
English: Wakatakehiko no mikoto or Wakahikotakekibitsuhiko no mikoto was a member of the Imperial family who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
Japanese: 稚武彦命（わかたけひこのみこと）または若日子建吉備津日子命は古墳時代の皇族。
English: His children included KIBI no Takehiko, Harima no inabi no ooiratsume who was the empress of Emperor Keiko, and Inabi no wakairatsume who was the consort of Emperor Keiko.
Japanese: 子に吉備武彦命、景行天皇皇后の播磨稲日大郎姫、景行皇妃の伊那毘若郎女がいる。
English: There is a legend that on this occasion, he had conquered Ura who was referred to as the prince of Baekje in Kinashi, Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture or Kinojo, Soja City, Okayama Prefecture, and it is considered as the model for the story of Momotaro (The Peach Boy).
Japanese: その際香川県高松市鬼無あるいは岡山県総社市鬼ノ城で百済の王子という温羅を討った伝説があり、桃太郎のモデルといわれる。
English: Other than Emperor Seimu as his older maternal half-brother, he had five younger maternal half-brothers, five younger maternal half-sisters, and 68 paternal half-brothers (of these, only 46 had their names handed down) such as YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto.
Japanese: 同母兄に成務天皇などがいるほか同母弟が5人、同母妹が5人、異母兄弟に日本武尊など68人いるとされる（うち名が伝わっているのは46人）。
English: It is described in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) that his father, Emperor Keiko, confined his princes to each of their provinces and counties, except for the three princes, Iokiiribiko no miko, Seimu, and YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto.
Japanese: 父景行天皇は、それらの皇子たちをそれぞれの国や郡に封じたが、彼と成務・日本武尊の3人だけは封じなかったと、日本書紀に書かれている。
English: Among them, since YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto was sent to an expedition against Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district), Iokiiribiko no miko was considered as a reserve in case something happened to Emperor Seimu.
Japanese: そのうち日本武尊は熊襲征討に行かせたことから、彼は万一成務天皇に何かあった場合の予備だったらしい。
English: Hikosashima no Mikoto (Hikosashima [written as Hikosamema in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters)] no mikoto) was a member of the Imperial family who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
Japanese: 彦狭島命（ひこさしま（古事記ではひこさめま）のみこと）は、古墳時代の皇族。
English: Furthermore, relations is unknown between Hikosashimao who, despite becoming the Totoku governor general of 15 provinces of Tosan-do Road in the year 125, and died while on the way to his post.
Japanese: なお、景行天皇55年（125年）に東山道15カ国の都督となるも、任地に行く途中で死んだ、彦狭島王との関係は不明（おそらく別人）。
English: Tsunako TAKATSUKASA (March 17, 1798 - May 14, 1823), later Zokogo (a title of empress given after her death) Tsunako, was the nyogo (a court title of the Emperor's consort) of the Emperor Ninko during the late Edo period.
Japanese: 鷹司繋子（たかつかさつなこ、寛政10年2月1日(旧暦)（1798年3月17日）-文政6年4月4日(旧暦)（1823年5月14日））、のちの贈皇后繋子は、江戸時代後期の仁孝天皇の女御。
English: She had many brothers and sisters, including Kanpaku Masamichi TAKATSUKASA (older paternal half-brother) and the Emperor Ninko's nyogo Yasuko TAKATSUKASA (younger sister).
Japanese: 異母兄の関白鷹司政通、同母妹の仁孝天皇女御鷹司祺子ほか、兄弟姉妹は多数。
English: In 1813, she made judai (an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court) as the empress of the Crown Prince Ayahito (the Imperial Prince Ayahito, later the Emperor Ninko), who was two years younger than she, at the age of 16.
Japanese: 文化(元号)10年（1813年）、16歳のとき、2歳年下の皇太子恵仁親王（のちの仁孝天皇）の妃として入内。
English: In 1817, Tsunako received senge (imperial proclamation) to become Nyogo when the Crown Prince Ayahito ascended the throne.
Japanese: 文化14年（1817年）、恵仁親王が即位すると、繋子は女御宣下を受ける。
English: Tsunako gave birth again on May 12, 1823.
Japanese: 文政6年4月2日(旧暦)（1823年5月12日）に、繋子は再び出産。
English: The first princess was born, but due to the difficult delivery, the princess died on that day and so did Tsunako two days later.
Japanese: 第一皇女が誕生するが、難産であったため、皇女は同日に、繁子も翌々日に息を引き取った。
English: Soon after her death, Tsunako was given the name Shinkokamonin as nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) and, in the following year 1824, also conferred a rank of empress.
Japanese: 死からまもなく繋子は女院号を贈られて新皇嘉門院と称され、さらに翌文政7年（1824年）には皇后位を追贈された。
English: It was the first time in about 500 years that the title of empress was used in Japan since 1319 when the Imperial Princess Soshi, the Emperor Gouda's princess, became an empress by the imperial investiture in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 日本において皇后の称号が使用されたのは、鎌倉時代後期、後宇多天皇の皇女奨子内親王が1319年に皇后に冊立されて以来、約500年ぶりのことである。
English: In 1825, her younger sister Yasuko entered into the court as the second consort of the Emperor Ninko after Tsunako's premature death, and became nyogo with the imperial proclamation.
Japanese: また文政8年（1825年）には、早世した姉に代わり、同母妹の祺子が後添いとして仁孝天皇のもとに入内し、女御宣下を受けている。
English: The Toki no fuda was a board that was placed in a small garden in the Seiryoden (literally "Limpid Cool Hall") to show time.
Japanese: 時の簡（ときのふだ）は、時刻を示すために清涼殿殿上の小庭に立てて置いた簡（ふだ）である。
English: "Kineki hisho" (禁腋秘抄) (a text describing rules and etiquette to be observed in the Seiryoden and Shishinden [The Throne Hall]) described the location of Toki no fuda, that 'c. 3.6 m from a station that is staffed with retainers, and tsumado (a side entrance, hinged plank door that was placed at the four corners of the enclosure of a aristocrat's mansion) on the east side and the next c. 1.818 m is shitomi (a wooden lattice door which opens up vertically).
Japanese: 時の簡の位置については、『禁腋秘抄』に「下侍二間あり、東は妻戸なり、次一間蔀なり。
English: Open shitone, put down the west side door and stand the pantry shelf in front and place Toki no fuda bear by.'
Japanese: 二つにわりて、西は、おろして、御膳（もの）棚をその前に立て、そばに時の簡をたてたり」とある。
English: It supposed to be dividing the day and night of 12 hours into 4, then inserting the stake of time only on the 4th time.
Japanese: 一昼夜12時を各時4刻にわけ、第4刻のときのみ時の杙をさしたらしい。
English: Yasuko TAKATSUKASA (March 19, 1811 - November 20, 1847), later the Empress Dowager Yasuko, was the nyogo (a court title of the emperor's consort) of the Emperor Ninko during the late Edo period.
Japanese: 鷹司祺子（たかつかさやすこ、文化(元号)8年2月25日(旧暦)（1811年3月19日）-弘化4年10月13日(旧暦)（1847年11月20日））、のちの皇太后祺子は、江戸時代後期の仁孝天皇の女御。
English: She had many brothers and sisters, including Kanpaku Masamichi TAKATSUKASA (older paternal half-brother) and the Emperor Ninko's nyogo Tsunako TAKATSUKASA (older sister).
Japanese: 異母兄の関白鷹司政通、同母姉の仁孝天皇女御鷹司繋子ほか、兄弟姉妹は多数。
English: She became an adopted daughter of her older brother Masamichi and his wife when she made judai (an imperial consort's bridal entry into court) because her father Masahiro had already been tonsured and retired.
Japanese: なお入内の際、父政熙は落飾し隠居していたことから、兄政通夫妻の養女となった。
English: In 1823, her older sister Tsunako, who was the Emperor Ninko's nyogo, died young at the age of 26 due to a difficult birth.
Japanese: 文政6年（1823年）、仁孝天皇の女御であった姉繋子が難産のため26歳で早世。
English: Then, Yasuko had to enter into the court as the second consort of the emperor at the age of 15 in 1825, and received senge (imperial proclamation) for Nyogo.
Japanese: そこで祺子が後添いとして天皇のもとに入内することとなり、文政8年（1825年）、15歳で入内し、女御宣下を受ける。
English: In January 1830, Yasuko gave birth to a princess but she died young in 1831.
Japanese: 文政12年12月（1830年1月）、祺子は皇女を出産するが、天保2年（1831年）に夭折。
English: After that, Yasuko was not blessed with a newborn and so, in 1835, she adopted the fourth Prince Hironomiya (the Imperial Prince Osahito, later the Emperor Komei), who was the birth child of Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) Naoko OGIMACHI.
Japanese: それ以降子に恵まれなかったため、天保6年（1835年）、典侍正親町雅子所生の第四皇子熙宮（統仁親王、のちの孝明天皇）を養子とした。
English: In 1846, the Emperor Ninko died and the Imperial Prince Osahito, Yasuko's adopted child, ascended the throne.
Japanese: 弘化3年（1846年）、仁孝天皇が崩御し、祺子の養子となっていた統仁親王が即位する。
English: In April 1847, Yasuko became an empress dowager because she was the biological mother of the new emperor, but on November 20, 1847 she entered priesthood and received senge for Nyoingo, and then died on that day.
Japanese: 翌弘化4年（1847年）3月、祺子は新帝の嫡母として皇太后となるが、同年10月13日、出家して女院号宣下を受け、同日中に崩御。
English: Imperial Princess Takako (November 4, 1650 - August 4, 1725) was a member of the Imperial family during the Edo period.
Japanese: 孝子内親王（たかこないしんのう、慶安3年10月11日(旧暦)（1650年11月4日）-享保10年6月26日(旧暦)（1725年8月4日）は、江戸時代の皇族。
English: There are different dates as her birthday: November 3, 4 and 8.
Japanese: 誕生日については10月10日、10月11日、10月15日とするものがある。
English: The Imperial Princess Takako was the Emperor's only child and there was no crown prince, and so his younger paternal half-brother Ade no Miya (the Imperial Prince Satohito, later the Emperor Reigen) hastily became the crown prince while another younger paternal half-brother Hanamachi no Miya (the Imperial Prince Nagahito) ascended the throne as the Emperor Gosai, a relay successor for the time being until Ade no Miya matured.
Japanese: しかし天皇の子女は孝子内親王のみで皇嗣たる男子がなかったため、急遽異母弟の高貴宮（識仁親王、のちの霊元天皇）を皇嗣とし、高貴宮が成長するまでの中継ぎとして同じく異母弟の花町宮良仁親王が後西天皇として即位した。
English: However, the Imperial Princess Takako was respected as the Emperor Gokomyo's only one bereaved child and the imperial princess of the direct descendant; she received senge (imperial proclamation) for the imperial princess in January 1684, and then conferred Ippon Shinno (the first-ranked imperial princess) in 1708.
Japanese: しかし孝子内親王は後光明天皇の唯一の遺児、嫡流の皇女として重んじられ、天和(日本)3年12月（1684年1月）に親王宣下、次いで宝永5年（1708年）には一品親王に叙されている。
English: After her death in 1725, the senge for Jugo (honorary rank next to the three empresses: great empress dowager, empress dowager, and empress), and later Nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the emperor or a woman of comparable standing) were made, and she was named Reiseimonin.
Japanese: さらに享保10年（1725年）、薨去に際しては、准后宣下、次いで女院号宣下がなされて礼成門院（れいせいもんいん）と称された。
English: It was the first time in about 320 years that someone other than emperors' consorts or real mothers received senge for Nyoingo after Yasuko HINO (Kitayamain), who was the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Imperial Princess Takako has been the last case up to today.
Japanese: 天皇の后妃、生母以外での女院号宣下は室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の正室、日野康子（北山院）以来約320年ぶりで、現在に至るまで孝子内親王が最後の例である。
English: The Prince Toma (year of birth and death unknown) was in the Imperial Family between the late sixth century and the early seventh century.
Japanese: 当麻皇子（とうまのみこ、生没年不詳）は、6世紀後半から7世紀初期にかけての皇族。
English: After the Prince Kume, a paternal half-brother, who was a general in charge of conquering Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) died in 602, he was assigned as the general in May, 603.
Japanese: 602年（推古天皇10年）征新羅将軍であった異母兄弟の来目皇子が没した後、翌年の603年4月に征新羅将軍となった。
English: Kudara no Okimi, also referred to as Kudara no miko (year of birth and death unknown) was in the Imperial Family in the Asuka period.
Japanese: 百済王（くだらのおおきみ/くだらのみこ、生没年不詳）は、飛鳥時代の皇族。
English: In "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), there was no name of Kudara no Okimi in Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko's genealogy in the Emperor Bidatsu's section, it is highly possible that the Kudara no Okimi was Tara no miko (a younger brother-uterine of the Emperor Jomei) who was born to Nukadehime no himemiko ('Ku' in 'Kutara no miko' may have been dropped?); on the other hand, there is another theory saying that he was Kinu no miko (the father of the Emperor Kogyoku and the Emperor Kotoku) born to Omata no miko.
Japanese: 『古事記』敏達段の押坂彦人大兄皇子の系譜に百済王の名は見えず、妃糠手姫皇女所生の多良王（たらのみこ、舒明天皇同母弟）である可能性（「久多良王」の「久」が脱落したか？）が大きいと推察される一方、妃大俣王所生の茅渟王（ちぬのみこ、皇極天皇・孝徳天皇の父）と同一人と推定する説もある。
English: According to the Shojiroku, he was the ancestor of these clans: the Ohara clan, the SHIANE no Mahito, the TOYONOKUNI no Mahito, the YAMAO no Mahito, the YOSHINO no Mahito, the KUWATA no Mahito, the Ikegami clan, the UNAKAMI no Mahito, the KIYOHARA no Mahito and the IKEGAMI no Kurahito.
Japanese: 同書によれば、大原氏・島根真人・豊国真人・山於真人・吉野真人・桑田真人・池上氏・海上真人・清原真人・池上椋人各氏の祖とされている。
English: The Imperial Princess Shushi (Akiko) (the Imperial Princess Shushi, the wife of the Imperial prince Sadatake, February 23, 1700 - April 28, 1756) was an Imperial Family member during the Edo period.
Japanese: 秋子内親王（あきこないしんのう、貞建親王妃秋子内親王、元禄13年1月5日(旧暦)（1700年2月23日）-宝暦6年3月29日(旧暦)（1756年4月28日）は、江戸時代の皇族。