nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Kyoto Hotel Okura has its origin in Kyoto Tokiwa Ryokan which was founded at Kawabata-dori Street Nijo-dori Street by Matakichi MAEDA, a businessman of Kobe, in 1888.
Japanese: 京都ホテルオークラの起源は神戸の実業家、前田又吉が1888年に川端通二条通で創業した旅館「京都常盤」である。
English: Maeda bought from the government the vacant lot (Kawaramachi-dori Street Oike-dori Street, where the hotel stands now) of the defunct Kangyo-jo (the Commercial and Industrial Promotion Center), where he had Dai Nippon Construction (now Taisei Corporation) construct a Western style wooden hotel building 'Tokiwa Hotel' and started business in1890.
Japanese: 前田は旧勧業場跡地（現所在地である河原町通御池通）の払い下げを受け、1890年に洋風木造建築の「常盤ホテル」を日本土木会社（現・大成建設）の施工で竣工、開業させた。
English: Yoshitaro INOUE (井上喜太郎) bought Tokiwa Hotel in 1894, and in 1895 he resumed the operation of the hotel when the ceremony of the 1100th anniversary of the foundation of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) was held.
Japanese: 常盤ホテルは1894年に井上喜太郎によって買収され、平安遷都1100年記念式典の行われる1895年に「京都ホテル」として営業を再開。
English: In 1928, the new ferroconcrete seven-storey building, designed and constructed by Shimizu Corporation, was completed.
Japanese: 1928年には鉄筋コンクリート構造・7階建ての新館が清水建設の設計・施工で完成した。
English: He started constructing the 'Kyoto Hotel Oike Honkan,' a sixty-meter high rise building, in December 1991 under a Comprehensive Design System, and completed it in 1994.
Japanese: 1991年12月、総合設計制度の適用を受け60mの高層ビル「京都ホテルおいけ本館」の建設に着手、1994年に竣工した。
English: There was persistent opposition against the rebuilding of the hotel saying it would destroy the beautiful scenery of Kyoto, and heated debates took place about it.
Japanese: このホテル改築をめぐっては京都の景観を破壊するとの反対意見も根強く、激しい論争が繰り広げられた。
English: In 2001, Kyoto Hotel decided to tie-up with Hotel Okura as one of its management restructuring measures, and became a member of Okura Hotels & Resorts in 2002 and renamed the main building 'Kyoto Hotel Okura.'
Japanese: 2001年に京都ホテルは経営再建策の一環としてホテルオークラとの業務提携を決定、2002年にオークラホテルズ&リゾーツに加盟して本館の名称を「京都ホテルオークラ」に改めた。
English: In October 1969, listed on the Kyoto Stock Exchange; and in March 2001, listed on the Second Section of the Osaka Securities Exchange (following the merger of these two markets)
Japanese: 1969年10月に京都証券取引所に上場、2001年3月に大阪証券取引所市場第二部に上場した（大証・京証合併のため）。
English: Nichirei Corporation had been assisting with management as the largest shareholder since 1977; and in January 2005, Hotel Okura obtained the majority of stocks to become the top shareholder.
Japanese: 1977年以降はニチレイが筆頭株主となり経営支援を続けていたが、2005年1月にホテルオークラが株式譲渡を受け筆頭株主になった。
English: Takatsuki Kyoto Hotel (Takatsuki City): Initially, it was run by 'Takatsuki Hotel Jitsugyo Corporation' founded by the Kyoto Hotel in 1988.
Japanese: たかつき京都ホテル（高槻市）　当初　京都ホテルが1988年に設立した「高槻ホテル実業株式会社」が経営。
English: In June of the same year, MBK Operators established by Asset Managers Holdings took over the hotel, and entrusted its management to JAL Hotels which renamed it 'Hotel Nikko Ibaraki Osaka' today.
Japanese: 同年6月、アセット・マネージャーズが設立した、アセットオペレーターズが経営会社となり、運営をJALホテルズに委託、現在は「ホテル日航茨木大阪」と改名。
English: Located in Sakyo-ku Ward of Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives is a comprehensive cultural facility that serves as a library, document archives, and a museum.
Japanese: 京都府立総合資料館（きょうとふりつそうごうしりょうかん）は、京都市左京区にある、図書館、文書館、博物館の機能を兼ね備えた総合文化施設である。
English: Its objectives are collecting, storing, studying, and publishing of books, ancient documents, and materials of arts and crafts related to Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府に関する図書、古文書（こもんじょ）、美術工芸資料などを収集・保管、研究、公開することを目的としている。
English: Its collections include the administrative documents of Kyoto Prefecture since it was inaugurated, and many valued historical materials such as the 'To-ji Hyakugo Monjo' (100 case documents, of the To-ji Temple), a National Treasure, as well as general books.
Japanese: 収蔵品には一般図書のほか、京都府発足以来の行政文書、国宝の「東寺百合文書」（とうじひゃくごうもんじょ）のような貴重な歴史資料も数多く含まれている。
English: Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives is located in the north of the Kyoto City urban area, and in its neighborhood are many cultural facilities such as the Kyoto Botanical Garden, Kyoto Prefectural University, and Kyoto Concert Hall.
Japanese: 総合資料館は京都市街の北部に位置し、近隣には京都府立植物園、京都府立大学、京都コンサートホールなどの文化施設が多い。
English: It opened in 1963, taking over 180,000 books out of 210,000 books stored in Kyoto Prefectural Library (Okazaki Seishoji-cho, Sakyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City) at that time.
Japanese: 総合資料館の開館は1963年（昭和38年）で、京都府立図書館（京都市左京区岡崎成勝寺町）のその当時の蔵書21万冊のうち18万冊を引き継いでスタートした。
English: Although it is relatively new, its collections include books that had been stored by Kyoto Prefectural Library opened in 1898.
Japanese: このように、総合資料館自体の開館は比較的新しいが、その蔵書は1898年（明治31年）に発足した府立図書館のものを引き継いでいる。
English: The history of Kyoto Prefectural Library dates back to the prefectural 'Shushoin Library' established at Sanjo Higashinotoin (neighborhood of the Nakagyo Post Office in Nakagyo-ku Ward of Kyoto City) in 1873.
Japanese: 府立図書館の歴史をさらにさかのぼれば、その前身は三条東洞院（現在の京都市中京区、中京郵便局あたり）に1873年（明治6年）に設置された、府立の「集書院」であった。
English: It stores real tangible materials, such as the administrative documents of Kyoto Prefecture, ancient documents of temples, shrines and old families, arts and crafts, toys, dolls, folk materials, as well as 320,000 general books.
Japanese: 総合資料館には、一般図書約32万冊のほか、京都府の行政資料、社寺や旧家伝来の古文書、美術工芸品、玩具、人形、民俗資料などの実物資料などが収蔵されている。
English: The management of these real materials is entrusted to the Kyoto Cultural Foundation, and there are occasional exhibitions of them in the library display room.
Japanese: このうち、実物資料については財団法人京都文化財団にその管理が委託されているが、総合資料館内の展示室でも折りにふれて展示公開されている。
English: The building has four storeys above ground with one basement floor, housing a study room for students, exhibition rooms for ancient documents and real historical materials, as well as reading rooms for books and documents.
Japanese: 館の建物は地上4階、地下1階建で、図書閲覧室、文書閲覧室のほか、学生用の学習室、古文書、実物資料などの展示会が行われる展示室などがある。
English: Most of its book collections are related to Kyoto Prefecture, including the whole old book stocks of Torazo NINAGAWA (former governor of Kyoto Prefecture, 1897 - 1981) and Mitsukuni YOSHIDA (former director of the Museum of Kyoto, emeritus professor of Kyoto University, 1921 - 1991).
Japanese: 図書資料は、京都府に関するものを中心に収集され、蜷川虎三（元京都府知事、1897-1981）や、吉田光邦（元京都文化博物館長、京都大学名誉教授、1921–1991）などの旧蔵書がまとまって収蔵されている。
English: It also has 'Yoshii Isamu Shiryo Materials' consisting of the book collection and relics of Isamu YOSHII (a poet and novelist, 1886 - 1960), and 'Kawakami Hajime Bunko' (Hajime Kawakami Library) consisting of Marxist Economist Hajime KAWAKAMI's books, related materials to him, his manuscripts, and relics.
Japanese: このほかに、歌人・作家の吉井勇（1886-1960）の蔵書、遺品などからなる「吉井勇資料」、マルクス経済学者河上肇の著書や彼に関する資料、原稿、遺品などからなる「河上肇文庫」などのコレクションもある。
English: Its administrative documents include Kyoto Prefectural documents since it was inaugurated, as well as transferred materials from former county offices, former Toyoka Prefecture, and former Miyazu Prefecture.
Japanese: 行政資料は、京都府発足以来の府庁文書のほか、旧郡役所、豊岡県、宮津県などからの引き継ぎ文書も保管されている。
English: Its collection of ancient documents includes the 'To-ji Hyakugo Monjo Document,' a National Treasure, which had been handed down at To-ji Temple (also known as Kyogokoku-ji Temple) that is associated with Kukai, a well-known Buddhist priest, in Minami-ku Ward of Kyoto City, and 'Ancient documents and books of Kanchiin Temple' that had been handed down at Kanchiin Temple, a sub temple of To-ji Temple, and 'Kawashimake Bunsho' (the Kawashima family documents), which are both designated as Important Cultural Properties.
Japanese: 古文書関係では、京都市南区にある空海ゆかりの寺院・東寺（教王護国寺）に伝来した国宝の「東寺百合文書」をはじめ、東寺の子院・観智院に伝来した「観智院伝来文書典籍類」、「革嶋家文書」が重要文化財に指定されている。
English: Its famous real objects collections: Folk materials such as clothes and toys collected by Kanpo YOSHIKAWA (1894 - 1979) who was a Japanese-style painter and a folk historian; Satake Collection of traditional musical instruments (by Tozaburo SATAKE, a craftsman of Japanese musical instruments, and others); and 'Mikazuki Collection' of folk toys (collected by Kennosuke MIKAZUKI).
Japanese: 実物資料としては、日本画家で風俗史家でもあった吉川観方（1894-1979）が収集した衣服、玩具などの風俗資料、古典楽器の佐竹コレクション（和楽器師・佐竹藤三郎らの収集）、郷土玩具の朏（みかづき）コレクション（朏健之助収集）などが著名である。
English: Kyoto Culture Foundation that operates the Museum of Kyoto takes care of these objects.
Japanese: なお、これら実物資料の管理は、京都文化博物館を運営する財団法人京都文化財団が行っている。
English: This set includes a huge amount of documents that had been stored in the treasure house of To-ji, of which 24,067 items from the Nara period (the eighth century) through the Edo period were designated as National Treasures.
Japanese: 東寺の宝蔵に伝来した膨大な文書群で、奈良時代（8世紀）から江戸時代末期に至る24,067通が国宝に指定されている。
English: This includes many varieties of historical documents such as those related to Shoen (manor), that are very important not only for the history of economics and Buddhism, but also for the whole study of Japanese history.
Japanese: 荘園関係文書をはじめとして、多岐にわたる文書が含まれ、経済史、仏教史のみならず、日本史研究全般にとって貴重な史料を多く含んでいる。
English: They are valued as historical materials because they are preserved as they were originally made without being converted into scrolls or hanging scrolls.
Japanese: 掛軸・巻物等に改装されずに作成当初の形態を保ったまま保存されている文書が多いことも、史料としての価値を高めている。
English: Tsunanori MAEDA, a lord of Kaga clan, recognizing the value of these documents, donated a hundred of document boxes for preservation to the temple in 1685.
Japanese: 江戸時代の加賀藩主前田綱紀は、この文書の価値を認め、保存のための文書箱100合を1685年（貞享2年）に寄進している。
English: The name 'Hyakugo Monjo'(literally, a hundred of documents) comes from this 'go' which is a unit for counting containers consisting of a box and a lid.
Japanese: 「合」は蓋と身からなる容器を数える際の単位で、「百合文書」の名はここに由来する。
English: These documents had been handed down at Kanchiin Temple, a sub temple of To-ji Temple, and they had been mixed with the 'To-ji Hyakugo Monjo Document,' but the research of this library separated them.
Japanese: 東寺の子院・観智院に伝来したもので、「東寺百合文書」と混在していたが、総合資料館による調査の結果、分離されたものである。
English: These are the hereditary documents of the Kawashima family, an old family in Kawashima of Nishikyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, and among them, a set containing 2,459 items is designated as Important Cultural Property.
Japanese: 京都市西京区川島の旧家・革嶋家に伝来した文書類で、2,459通が重要文化財に指定されている。
English: Variable because a set of 800 family's document written from the Kamakura period to the Taisho period exist today.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代から大正時代に至る800年に亘って作成された家文書がまとまって伝存する点で貴重である。
English: Important Cultural Properties: 12,641 items of prefectural government documents: 2,110 items of prefectural government historical materials: 249 items of county government materials: eighteen items of local administrative offices documents of the fourteenth and the fifteenth Wards of former Toyoka Prefecture: 389 items of the administrative records of Miyazu clan.
Japanese: 府庁文書12,641点、府庁史料2,110点、郡役所資料249点、豊岡県第14・15大区区務所文書18点、宮津藩政記録389点が重要文化財に指定されている。
English: Period of the documents designated as Cultural Properties: From 1867 when Kyoto Machibugyo (Kyoto City Magistrate) was abolished to 1947 when the Local Autonomy Law was put into effect.
Japanese: 時代的には、1867年（慶応3年）の京都町奉行所廃止から、1947年（昭和22年）の地方自治法施行までのものが文化財指定対象となっている。
English: The local administrative offices documents of the fourteenth and the fifteenth Wards of former Toyoka Prefecture and the administrative records of Miyazu clan used to be stored in Toyoka Prefecture and Miyazu Prefecture (both of them were abolished in the early years of the Meiji period), respectively.
Japanese: 豊岡県第14・15大区区務所文書と宮津藩政記録とは、それぞれ豊岡県、宮津県（いずれも明治時代初期に廃止）の旧蔵文書である。
English: Catalogue of documents of Kyoto Prefecture: Edited and published by Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives in 1984
Japanese: 京都府資料目録-京都府立総合資料館編集・刊行、1984年（昭和59年）。
English: Catalogue of articles in magazines on Kyoto Prefecture: Edited and published by Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives in 1971
Japanese: 京都府関係雑誌論文目録-京都府立総合資料館編集・刊行、1971年（昭和46年）。
English: Closed: The second Wednesday every month; National Holidays (if it comes on Sunday, then the next day); the year end and the New Year days; inventory period
Japanese: 休館日毎月第2水曜、祝日（日曜と重なる場合は翌日）、年末年始、資料整理期間
English: While the Shishinden Hall was used for public ceremonies, the Seiryoden was used by the Emperor for daily life.
Japanese: 紫宸殿が儀式を行う殿舎であるのに対し、天皇の日常生活の居所として使用された。
English: However in the early Heian period the Jijuden and Joneiden were used however from the middle of the Heian period the Seiryoden became the primary palace of the Emperor.
Japanese: ただし平安初期は仁寿殿や常寧殿が使用されたが、中期頃には清涼殿がもっぱら天皇の御殿となった。
English: The scale of the building is nine rooms and four sides (main housing has five rooms in the core north to south, two east to west, and hisashi (aisle room) on all sides and magohisashi (a narrow additional aisle room) on the east).
Japanese: 建物の規模は九間四面（母屋（もや）が南北五間・東西二間で四方に廂、東に孫廂がある）。
English: An emperor mainly occupied Hi-no-omashi (the daytime living area for shutsugyo (emperor's arrival (at his office, and so on)) and Yoru-no-otodo (emperor's sleeping quarters with nurigome (room surrounded with thick walls)) and to the north of this was the Kokiden-no-ue-no-mitsubone (room for dignified lady-in-waiting of Kokiden (one of the royal halls)) and the Higyosha-no-ue-no-mitsubone (room for dignified lady-in-waiting of Higyosha (one of the royal halls)) (both rooms for waiting on an empress).
Japanese: 天皇が主に居住するのは中心の昼御座（ひのおまし、天皇出御の場）・夜御殿（よるのおとど、天皇の寝所の塗籠）で、その北には弘徽殿上御局・飛香舎上御局（后妃の伺候する部屋）がある。
English: On the western hisashi in order from the north was the Oyudono-no-ue room (where food was prepared for an emperor), Ochozu-no-ma room (where an emperor had his hair cut), Asagarei-no-ma room (where an emperor ate breakfast), Daibandokoro (where the meal tray was placed), and Oni-no-ma (for placing miniature shrines, and so on).
Japanese: 西側の廂には北から順に御湯殿上（天皇の食事を調理する）、御手水間（天皇の調髪を行う）、朝餉間（天皇が朝食を取る）、台盤所（食事を載せた台を置く）、鬼間（厨子などを置く）が並ぶ。
English: Located at the place (Koaza Sorabiro, Oaza Yuyadani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto Prefecture) where Soen NAGATANI, who is said to have invented and promoted 'Aosei Sencha Seiho' ('Blue Method' to produce Sencha, or unfermented green tea) in 1738, used to live and the Nagatani family had lived until the Meiji period, Nagatani Soen Seika (the birthplace of Soen) is a facility which was built by local volunteers to preserve his tools for tea production and the remains of his Hoiro (device to heat and dry tea leaves) in 1960.
Japanese: 永谷宗円生家（ながたにそうえんせいか）とは、元文3年（1738年）、「青製煎茶製法」を開発・普及させたと伝えられる永谷宗円が暮らし、明治まで永谷家が存在していた場所（京都府綴喜郡宇治田原町大字湯屋谷小字空広）に、製茶道具やほいろ跡を保存するため、地元有志の手により昭和35年に建設された施設。
English: Although it is called his 'birthplace,' it is not a house of the Edo period, but this facility, which stands where the Nagatani family's house used to be, is a smaller newly built house with a thatched roof than the family's house.
Japanese: 「生家」と呼ばれるが、江戸時代の家屋が現存しているのではなく、永谷家の屋敷のあった場所に、実際の家屋よりも小さい茅葺きの建物を新たに建てたもの。
English: Remains of his Hoiro are preserved inside, and placed at the Tokonoma (a traditional Japanese style alcove) in the back is a part of an old tea tree which is said to be from the time of Soen.
Japanese: 内部にほいろ跡などが保存されており、奥の床の間には宗円時代の茶の古木の幹の一部といわれているものが置かれている。
English: Its interior consists of Doma (a dirt floor) that has the remains of Hoiro and a Zashiki room (a tatami matted room with an alcove), which cannot be seen from outside because the house is usually shuttered.
Japanese: 普段は雨戸が閉じられているのでわからないが、内部はほいろ跡のある土間と、畳敷きの座敷からなる。
English: This 'birthplace' where nobody currently lives required immediate repair because its thatched roof was damaged from a few decades of weathering.
Japanese: 無人の家屋である「生家」は数十年の歳月により、かやぶき屋根の損傷が激しくなり、早急に修復が必要となった。
English: People engaged in the tea industry and the local people organized 'Nagatani Soen Honoring Association' (永谷宗円翁顕彰会) in 2006 to promote donations, and they started having the roof thoroughly re-thatched with that money in April 2007.
Japanese: そこで、平成18年、茶業関係者や地元区民らにより「永谷宗円翁顕彰会」が結成され、集められた寄付金により、平成19年4月より本格的な屋根の全面葺き替え工事行われた。
English: Maizuru Fururu Farm is an agricultural park located in Sezaki, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 舞鶴ふるるファーム（まいづるふるるファーム）は、京都府舞鶴市瀬崎にある農業公園。
English: It was opened on a part of the Oura-hanto Peninsula north to the center of Maizuru City on July 22, 2006.
Japanese: 2006年（平成18年）7月22日に舞鶴市中心部から北にある大浦半島の一角に開園した。
English: It houses the following facilities: A buffet restaurant of more than sixty kinds of natural food most of which are safe local produce; a handicraft workshop where one can experience working natural materials, and learning about the natural environment; a farmer's market; a strawberry greenhouse with the vertically arranged multi-layered hydroponic system which is available to a person in a wheelchair; allotment gardens (also referred as Klein Garten, in German meaning small garden) with seventeen land parcels for staying users; allotment gardens of twenty-one parcels for single-day users; and two cottages.
Japanese: 安心・安全の地元産農産物をできる限り使用した60種類以上の自然食メニューのビュッフェスタイルのレストラン、加工体験、自然学習体験などができる手づくり工房、ファーマーズマーケット、立体多段式水耕栽培システムを導入して、車椅子の人も利用できるいちごハウス、17区画の滞在型市民農園（クラインガルテン）、21区画の日帰り農園、2棟のコテージ等の施設がある。
English: Farm Restaurant Fururu: Open 11:00 to 15:00 for weekdays; 11:00 to 15:00, and 18:00 to 22:00 for Friday, Saturday and Sunday
Japanese: 農村レストランふるる（1100〜1500、金、土、日は1800〜2200も営業）
English: This is a product of Hideyoshi's project of reconstructing Kyoto along with Jurakudai Castle, Teramachi-dori Street, and Tensho no Jiwari (land allotment system during the Tensho period).
Japanese: 聚楽第、寺町通、天正の地割とともに秀吉による京都改造事業の一つである。
English: The position of the Odoi mound is estimated based on its existing remains and maps of the Edo period, because the actual records of its position from the time of Hideyoshi are now lost.
Japanese: 秀吉時代の御土居の位置に関する記録は現存しないが、現存する遺構や江戸時代の絵図からその位置が推定されている。
English: It encircles a rectangular area that measures about 8.5 km from north to south and about 3.5 km from east to west.
Japanese: 御土居の囲む範囲は南北約8.5km、東西約3.5kmの縦長の形をしている。
English: Its northern end is around Kamogawa Junior High School at Shichiku of Kita-ku Ward; its southern end is at the south of To-ji Temple in Minami-ku Ward; its eastern end roughly comes into line with present Kawaramachi-dori Street; and its western end is around Enmachi Station of Sanin Main Line in Nakagyo-ku Ward.
Japanese: 北端は北区紫竹の加茂川中学校付近、南端は南区の東寺の南、東端はほぼ現在の河原町通、西端は中京区の山陰本線円町駅付近にあたる。
English: Its eastern part was along the Kamo-gawa River, its northwestern part was along the Kamiya-gawa River (also known as the Tenjin-gawa River), and these rivers served as moats.
Japanese: また東部では鴨川（賀茂川）に、北西部では紙屋川（天神川）に沿っており、これらが堀を兼ねていた。
English: The area north to Kuramaguchi-dori Street inside Odoi was sometimes called Rakugai.
Japanese: ただし、御土居の内部であっても鞍馬口通以北は洛外と呼ばれることもあった。
English: There were ten Kuchi when it was built according to "Sanmyakuinki" (diary of Nobutaka KONOE).
Japanese: 『三藐院記』（近衛信尹の日記）によると御土居建造当時の口は10箇所であった。
English: Kyoto Prefecture's survey in 1920 revealed that the cross section of Odoi mound was a trapezoid measuring about twenty meters wide at the base, about five meters wide at the top, and about five meters tall.
Japanese: 1920年（大正9年）に京都府が行なった実測調査によると、御土居の断面は基底部が約20m、頂部が約5m、高さ約5mの台形状であった。
English: Along the outer side of the mound a moat was built measuring about a dozen meters wide and about four meters deep at the maximum.
Japanese: 土塁の外側に沿って堀があり、その幅は10数m、深さは最大約4m程度であった。
English: Stone Buddhist images are sometimes excavated from inside the mound, and the reason why they were buried there is unknown.
Japanese: また御土居の内部から石仏が出土することがあるが、その理由は不明である。
English: Although there are no documents that refer to the purposes of its construction explained by Hideyoshi's own words, the following theories are presented:
Japanese: 秀吉自身が御土居建設の目的を説明した文献は現存しないが、以下のような理由が推測されている。
English: Many cities in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) had encircling protective walls called 'Sogamae' (defense facilities such as moat and mound).
Japanese: 戦国時代後期の都市の多くには惣構と呼ばれる都市全体を囲む防壁があった。
English: Devastated by the Onin War, Kyoto at that time was split into two towns, Kamigyo and Shimogyo, and each had Sogamae.
Japanese: 当時の京都は応仁の乱後の荒廃により上京と下京の2つの町に分裂し、それぞれに惣構があった。
English: Hideyoshi is thought to have built the Odoi mound as a large scale Sogamae to replace the old Sogamae by dismantling them with the aim of expanding the city area of Kyoto.
Japanese: 秀吉は京都の町を拡大するためこれらの惣構を取り壊し、それに代わる大規模な惣構として御土居を建設したと考えられている。
English: However, there are some unreasonable aspects for the purpose of military defense as follows:
Japanese: ただし、防衛のみを目的としたにしては以下に述べるような不自然な点がある。
English: The area surrounded by Odoi was extremely large compared to the urban area at that time, and some areas at the west and at the north were farmlands until the end of the Second World War.
Japanese: 御土居の囲む範囲は当時の市街地に比べ極めて広く、西部や北部においては第2次世界大戦後まで農地が広がっていた場所すらある。
English: Bamboo trees on Odoi blocked the view and made it difficult for soldiers to move on the mound.
Japanese: 御土居の上に竹が植えられていたため視界が遮られ、また兵士が御土居の上を移動することが難しい。
English: A picture map of Odoi shows no obstructions at any entrances of Odoi and no structures to repel intruders which were usually used for castles at that time.
Japanese: 絵図によれば、御土居の出入口には何の障害物もなく、当時の城郭で用いられたような侵入者を防ぐ構造が見られない。
English: The east side of Odoi faced the west side of the Kamo-gawa River playing a role of a dike of the river.
Japanese: 御土居の東側は鴨川の西に沿っており、その堤防としての役割を持っていた。
English: The Odoi mound extends to the north to protect the Kyoto's urban area from flood water at this part of the Kamo-gawa River.
Japanese: 御土居が北へ長く延びているのは、この地域で鴨川が氾濫すると京都市街地へ水が流入してしまうためである。
English: Temples and shrines such as Enryaku-ji Temple and Yasaka-jinja Shrine in the neighborhood had significantly influential powers in the medieval Kyoto.
Japanese: 中世の京都では延暦寺、八坂神社など周辺の寺社が大きな影響力を持っていた。
English: Some say that Odoi was to stem these powers by restricting the traffic between Rakuchu and Rakugai.
Japanese: 御土居によって洛中と洛外の交通を制限することにより、これらの勢力を削ろうとした、とする説がある。
English: According to "Nihonshi" (History of Japan) by Luis FROIS, Hideyoshi had Odoi planted with trees (bamboo) for aesthetic purposes.
Japanese: ルイス・フロイスの『日本史』によると、秀吉が御土居に樹木（竹）を植えさせたのは美観のためであった。
English: Construction of the Odoi mound started around January and February 1591.
Japanese: 御土居の建造が始まったのは1591年（天正19年）の1月から閏1月（太陰暦）ごろである。
English: Following the demise of Toyotomi regime, parts of the Odoi mound across roads were dismantled and many passages were cut open.
Japanese: 豊臣政権が崩壊すると、道路を分断していた部分の御土居が取り壊され多くの出入口が設けられた。
English: The mound that had blocked Shijo-dori Street close to the place of present Shijo Kawaramachi was removed in 1601.
Japanese: たとえば現在の四条河原町付近で四条通を塞いでいた部分は1601年（慶長6年）に撤去されている。
English: At the east side of the urban area, such as Kiyamachi-dori Street and Ponto-cho expanded close to the riverside of the Kamo-gawa River outside the east of Odoi mound, and Kanbun Shintei Dike was completed in 1670 to make Odoi useless as a dike, so the mounds were sold to temples, shrines, and court nobles, and eventually were dismantled to become residential lands.
Japanese: また市街地東部では、木屋町通、先斗町など御土居の東側の鴨川河原まで町が広がり、1670年（寛文10年）に寛文新堤が完成して堤防としての必要もなくなったため、御土居は寺社や公家に払い下げられ、取り壊されて住宅地などになった。
English: However, most of the other parts of the mound than those mentioned above remain, and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) government took care of them as bamboo woods.
Japanese: ただし、これらを除く部分の御土居は多くが残り、江戸幕府によって竹林として管理されていた。
English: The redevelopment of Jinai-cho (temple villages) of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple started in 1641, and it moved part of Odoi and the Takase-gawa River to the east.
Japanese: 1641年（寛永18年）に始まる東本願寺の新たな寺内町の開発に伴い、御土居は高瀬川とともに東側に移された。
English: Tsukiyama (a miniature hill) in Kikokutei (Shosei-en Garden) is said to have used the soil of Odoi.
Japanese: 枳殻邸（渉成園）の築山は移築前の御土居の土塁を再利用したと言われている。
English: During the Meiji period, Odoi changed hands from the bakufu to the people, and the mounds were turned into fields with their bamboo trees being cut down.
Japanese: 明治に入ると、それまで幕府の所有していた部分も民間の所有となり、土塁上の竹を伐採して畑などに転用された。
English: Although most of the mounds remained during the Meiji period, in the Taisho period, many parts of Odoi were dismantled in order to develop residential lands because the urban area grew larger.
Japanese: この時点では土塁自体は取り壊されていなかったが、大正期には市街地の拡大により住宅開発などのため、多くの場所で御土居が壊された。
English: Responding to this situation, to preserve the remaining parts of Odoi, the government designated eight sites as National Historic Spots in 1930.
Japanese: こうした中、残る御土居を保護するため、1930年（昭和5年）に8箇所が国の史跡に指定された。