nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Concerning education, in Fukuchiyama City, there are eight high schools (four prefectural and four private) which have their students from the surrounding municipalities.
Japanese: 教育では、福知山市だけで公立高校が4校、私立高校が4校の合計8校があり、周辺市町からの就学を集めている。
English: Also in Fukuchiyama City, there are the only private junior high school in the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture and the first four-year college founded in the northern Kinki area.
Japanese: また京都府北部では唯一の私立中学校や、北近畿初の4年制大学を有する。
English: In the field of manufacturing industry, there is the Osadano Industrial Park (one of the largest inland industrial parks) in the city and its total value of annual shipment has been increasing.
Japanese: 工業では、国内有数の内陸工業団地、長田野工業団地があり、その総出荷額は年々増加している。
English: In the field of commerce, the city was once flourished with shopping streets in the central urban district and metropolitan large-scale retail stores including Fukuchiyama Family and SATO (in Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 商業では、中心市街地の数個の商店街と都市型大型店福知山ファミリーやさとう(京都府)にて繁栄していた。
English: Recently, the JUSCO Fukuchiyama store (whose sales floor area is the biggest in the city) and the SUPER CENTER PLANT-3 Fukuchiyama store (a large-scale discount store) have opened, and many roadside stores in fringe roadside have opened one after another along the major roads.
Japanese: が、最近ではジャスコ福知山店(当市最大売り場面積店舗）や大型ディスカウント店のプラント(企業)福知山店などが出店し、数多くのロードサイド店舗が増加している。
English: On the other hand, following a plan to elevate Fukuchiyama Station, development of the area in front of the station has been advanced to stimulate the central urban district.
Japanese: それに対し、福知山駅高架化に伴う中心市街地活性化策としての駅前開発が進められている。
English: There are buildings to be constructed such as the Kita-kinki no miyako center with a public library and the store of Home Center Kohnan (Kohnan Shoji Co., Ltd) in front of Fukuchiyama Station (with a store area of 9,000 square meters) in a commercial construction zone at a large-scale block on the north side of Fukuchiyama Station, which is being developed by Fukuchiyama City.
Japanese: 公共図書館が入った北近畿の都センター建設や福知山市が進める福知山駅北大規模街区による商業施設にコーナン福知山駅前店（店舗面積約9000平方㍍）がある。
English: Also, the leading electrical appliance store in sales volume, Yamada Denki Techland Fukuchiyama, and a leading sports shop and mass retailer, HIMARAYA, have their shops on the south side of the station, raising the expectations of all who visit the station.
Japanese: また駅南に家電量販店最大手ヤマダ電機テックランド福知山店の出店や大手スポーツ用品量販店ヒマラヤ(企業)が出店をしており期待がふくらんでいる。
English: Additionally, large-scale development has proceeded along the National Route 9 on the south side of the station, and there are many big company stores such as Centum City Fukuchiyama (complex), Frespo Fukuchiyama (a shopping mall), UNIQLO (clothing shop), TSUTAYA (rental shop), Yofuku no Aoyama (ready-made men's wear), Kappa Zushi (Sushi restaurant), a Honda dealership (car dealer), a Yoshinoya restaurant, Tamahimeden (a wedding hall), McDonald's, SHIMAMURA (clothing shop), and Washoku Sato (restaurant).
Japanese: ほかにも駅南の国道９号線沿いに大規模な開発センタムシティ福知山や、フレスポ福知山、ユニクロ、TSUTAYA、洋服の青山、かっぱ寿司、ホンダ、吉野家、玉姫殿、マクドナルド、しまむら、和食さとなど大手の店がたくさん並んでいる。
English: Moreover, there are many buildings, high-and medium-rise apartments and hotels lining both sides of the street, and it is certain that the development will continue to advance.
Japanese: ビルや中高層マンション、ホテルがたくさん立ち並び、これからも開発が進むことは間違いない。
English: While the population of the surrounding cities and towns has been decreasing, until recently only that of Fukuchiyama City has seemed to have inched up.
Japanese: 人口は、周辺市町では減少しているのに対し、福知山市だけを見る限りここ最近まで微増傾向であった。
English: As for property values there, the property values to the north of Fukuchiyama Station are among the highest in the northern Kinki area, although they are presently falling.
Japanese: 地価としては、福知山駅北が北近畿の中で最も高額であるが、現在も下落している。
English: * The blanks in gray and with the hyphen (-) in them among the columns of statistical years in the chart show local governments that are not included among the suburbs with more than 10% of the population to the central city.
Japanese: ※10%通勤圏に入っていない自治体は、各統計年の欄で灰色かつ「-」で示す。
English: Hikami-cho, Kaibara-cho, Aogaki-cho, Kasuga-cho, Sannan-cho and Ichijima-cho in Hyogo Prefecture were consolidated, and Tanba City was the result.
Japanese: -兵庫県氷上町、柏原町、青垣町、春日町、山南町、市島町が新設合併し丹波市が発足。
English: The Kissaka-toge Pass is a pass located on the border between Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture and Takahama Town, Oi County, Fukui Prefecture.
Japanese: 吉坂峠（きっさかとうげ）とは、京都府舞鶴市と福井県大飯郡高浜町の境にある峠。
English: Today National Route 27, an arterial road sustaining the economy and the industry of Kita Kinki (Northern Kinki) such as Maizuru City and Obama City, runs through it.
Japanese: 現在は国道27号が走り、舞鶴市や小浜市など北近畿の経済、産業を支える重要幹線道路となっている。
English: The Pass is also famous as a historical battle field for a number of battles, as it was on the border between Tango Province and Wakasa Province.
Japanese: また古より丹後国と若狭国を接する国境の峠として数多の合戦が行われたことでも有名である。
English: In the Edo Period, it was known as a strategic spot with a sekisho (checking station) built by Obama clan.
Japanese: 江戸時代期には小浜藩によって関所が設けられ、要所として知られていた。
English: Keijina is a term referring to the area combining Kyoto Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, and Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 京滋奈（けいじな）とは、京都府と滋賀県と奈良県を併せた地域のことである。
English: It also refers to the areas south of Funai County in Kyoto Prefecture, Konan region in Shiga Prefecture, and Nara Basin.
Japanese: 若しくは、京都府船井郡以南と滋賀県湖南地方と奈良盆地を併せた地域のことを指す呼び名である。
English: The Kazan Tunnel (also known as the Kazando Tunnel) is a pedestrian tunnel connecting Seikanji-yamanouchi Town in Higashiyama Ward and Kitakazan Town in Yamashina Ward of Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 花山トンネル（かざんトンネル）、花山洞（かざんどう）、は京都府京都市東山区清閑寺山内町と京都府京都市山科区北花山町とを結ぶ歩行者専用トンネル。
English: It was pedestrianized when the Higashiyama Tunnel of Gojo Bypass (National Route 1) opened.
Japanese: 五条バイパス（国道1号）東山トンネル開通により歩行者用トンネルとなった。
English: There used to be an execution ground in Awataguchi in the Edo Period, and around the tunnel are Kyoto Chuo Saijo (Kyoto Central Funeral Hall) as well as graveyards of Honka-ji Temple, Jomyo-in Temple and Hokke-ji Temple, and so on.
Japanese: 花山トンネルの周りには江戸時代に粟田口に処刑場・京都中央斎場・本嘉寺と浄妙院、法華寺の墓場等が多い。
English: It is said that a samurai ghost can be seen here because fugitive Mitsuhide AKECHI was killed around the present-day Kazan Tunnel after he fought in the Battle of Yamazaki.
Japanese: 明智光秀が山崎の合戦の後逃亡の末討たれた場所がこの花山トンネル付近であると言う事から武士の姿が見えたりすると言う。
English: A man riding a moped in fact died from an accident in the nearby Higashiyama Tunnel of National Route 1 in July, 1994.
Japanese: また、実際に1994年7月に原動機付自転車に乗った男性がこの付近の国道1号東山トンネルで事故死した。
English: The above-mentioned two stories are famous stories about the haunted Kazan Tunnel while they may or may not be true.
Japanese: 上に記載した2つの話が花山トンネルでの有名な話であるが、事実かどうかは不明。
English: Both Nagarayama Tunnel and Nagara Tunnel are tunnels dug through Mt. Nagara (354 m in height) between Otsu City in Shiga Prefecture and Yamashina Ward in Kyoto City of Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 長等山トンネル（ながらやまトンネル）、長等トンネル（ながらトンネル）は、いずれも滋賀県大津市と京都府京都市山科区の間にある長等山（標高354メートル）に掘削されたトンネルである。
English: Nagara Tunnel on Biwako Nishi Jukan road (Northern lakeside bypass of National Route 161) (See 'Nagara Tunnel on Nishi-Otsu Bypass').
Japanese: 琵琶湖西縦貫道路（国道161号）の長等トンネル（西大津バイパスの長等トンネルを参照）
English: The First Tunnel (also called Nagarayama Tunnel) of the Lake Biwa Canal (the Canal No. 1) is also described in this section.
Japanese: なお、琵琶湖疏水（第1疏水）の第1トンネル（別名：長等山トンネル）についても、本項で記述する。
English: It is the railway tunnel constructed between Yamashina Station and Otsukyo Station on the JR West Kosei Line with the total length of 3,032 meters, having a special structure with three portals on the Yamashina side and one portal on the Otsukyo side and the tracks from the Yamashina side converged into one toward the Otsuryo side.
Japanese: 西日本旅客鉄道湖西線の山科駅と大津京駅の間にある全長3,032mの鉄道トンネルで、山科側には3つの出口があるのに対し、途中で合流し大津京側の出口は1つとなる変形トンネルである。
English: Construction started on September 10, 1967, completed on April 16, 1971, and the tunnel opened in 1974, when the Kosei Line was inaugurated.
Japanese: 1967年9月10日に着工、1971年4月16日に貫通し、湖西線開業の1974年から使用開始された。
English: Both the entry and exit points of the tunnel are ballast-tracked, while inside of the tunnel is slab-tracked.
Japanese: トンネルの出入口の両側はバラスト軌道であるが、トンネル内はスラブ軌道となっている。
English: The tunnel, and also the Osakayama Tunnel (Biwako Line), belong to Otsu City.
Japanese: なお、トンネル自体は東海道本線（琵琶湖線）の逢坂山トンネルと同様に全区間が大津市内にある。
English: These three portals of the Nagarayama tunnel on the Yamashina side and the four portals of the Shin-osakayama Tunnel make the structure very complicated; therefore, the allocation of the tracks from Yamashina Station is also explained here.
Japanese: 山科側の出口は3つであり、さらに新逢坂山トンネルの4つの出口と絡み合っていて複雑になっているため、ここでは山科駅からの線路配置についても説明する。
English: At Yamashina Station, there are six tracks as follows: From north to south, Biwako Line (Outer track, westbound), Kosei Line (eastbound), Biwako Line (Inner track, westbound), Biwako Line (Inner track, eastbound), Kosei Line (westbound), and Biwako Line (Outer track, eastbound).
Japanese: 山科駅には線路が6線あり、北から順に琵琶湖線上り外側線、湖西線下り線、琵琶湖線上り内側線、琵琶湖線下り内側線、湖西線上り線、琵琶湖線下り外側線となっている。
English: Starting from a position about 500 m off the station (the same shall apply hereinafter) with a gradient of the straight line (railway) becomes 18 (in per mille) on the eastbound track of Kosei Line, 16 on the westbound track of Kosei Line, and 10 on the four tracks of Biwako Line, and thus the Kosei Line runs on elevated tracks.
Japanese: 同駅から（以下同じ）約500メートル離れた位置からは、湖西線下り線が上り18パーミル、湖西線上り線が上り16、琵琶湖線の4線が上り10の線形(路線)勾配となり、湖西線が上層へ上がり高架線になる。
English: Afterwards, from a position of about 1,300 m, a gentle gradient sidetrack of the eastbound Kosei Line diverges to the north of the Outer eastbound Biwako Line.
Japanese: その後、約1,300m離れた位置で、湖西線下りの緩勾配の側線が琵琶湖線上り外側線から北側へ分岐する。
English: From a point of about 1,600 m, the tracks of the Kosei Line intersects the tracks of the Biwako Line, and Kosei Line tracks (westbound and eastbound) proceed toward portals for westbound and eastbound located about 1,750 m from this point, with a gradient of -11 for eastbound, and a gradient of 1 for westbound.
Japanese: 約1,600m離れた位置からは、湖西線と琵琶湖線の線路が交差し、湖西線下り線は下り11、湖西線上り線は上り1となり、約1,750m離れた位置に湖西線下り線・上り線のトンネル入口がある。
English: The gentle gradient sidetrack of the Kosei eastbound track, running on the northmost track, encounters a tunnel portal 1,640 m off the station.
Japanese: なお、一番北側にある湖西線下りの緩勾配の側線は、1,640m離れた位置にトンネル入口がある。
English: The gentle gradient sidetrack diverging from the westbound Kosei track secures a certain nominal hauling capacity by decreasing the gradient in order to enable heavy trains to pass through.
Japanese: 湖西線下り線から分岐する緩勾配の側線は、勾配を緩和することで牽引定数を確保することで、重量のある列車が通過できるように設けられている。
English: Among the eastbound tracks running on the Kosei Line, local trains and Special Rapid trains run on the eastbound tracks, and Limited Express trains and freight trains run through the sidetrack.
Japanese: 湖西線下り列車は、普通列車・新快速などは下り線を通るが、特別急行列車・貨物列車などは側線を通る。
English: The speed limit at the point of divergence to the gentle gradient sidetrack is 60 km/h (the same speed limit is applied at the joining point of the tracks inside the tunnel (described later)).
Japanese: なお、緩勾配の側線への分岐は制限速度60km/hとなっている（トンネル内の合流部（後述）も同様）。
English: The eastbound track starts to have a gradient of 8 at about 300 m from the entrance of the tunnel (the same shall apply bellow), and immediately joins the gentle gradient sidetrack.
Japanese: 下り線は、トンネル入口から（以下同じ）約300m進むと上り8となり、すぐに緩勾配の側線と合流する。
English: Then, there is a section formed with left (rail) alignment, and at about 950 m from there, the track becomes straight.
Japanese: その後、左線形(路線)平面線形があり、約950mの位置から直線になる。
English: At about 1,100 m, the tunnel of the westbound track joins the eastbound track coming from the right, to make a double-track tunnel.
Japanese: 約1,100mの位置で上り線のトンネルが右側から合流し、複線のトンネルになる。
English: Then, the tracks run on straight lines for a while, and starts running upward with a gradient of 2 from the point of some 1,900 m.
Japanese: その後はしばらく直線が続いたあと、約1,900mの位置から上り2となる。
English: From the point of some 2,600 m the tracks curve to the right hand until the portal which is 4,800 m off the Yamashina Station.
Japanese: 約2,600mの位置から右カーブになり、山科駅から4,800mの位置に出口がある。
English: The westbound track goes through the same double track tunnel until it diverges from the eastbound track, and it runs downward at a gradient of 8 midway.
Japanese: 上り線は、下り線と分岐するまでは同じ複線のトンネルで、途中で下り8となる。
English: The track curves to the left at a point about 1,800 m from the entrance of the tunnel with the radius 1,000 m, while the eastbound track on the opposite side maintains a straight line.
Japanese: そして、トンネル入口から約1,800mの位置で、左カーブ（半径1,000m、反対側の下り線は直線）となり下り線と分岐する。
English: Ahead, there is a right-hand curve with the radius 800 m, in the middle of which, the track runs downward at a gradient of 18, then beyond the curve, the track proceeds straight to the exit.
Japanese: その先に右カーブ（半径800m）があり、カーブの途中で下り18になったあとは直線のまま出口に至る。
English: On both of the westbound and eastbound tracks, the speed limit in the section within the curve with the radius 1,400 m near the exit on the Otsukyo side is 125 km/h, and the speed limit in the section within the curve with the radius 800 m of the westbound track on the Yamashiro side is 115 km/h.
Japanese: 上下線とも、大津京側の出口付近にあるカーブ（半径1,400m）の一部区間の制限速度は125km/h、上り線の山科側にあるカーブ（半径800m）の制限速度は115km/hである。
English: Near the junction of the eastbound track and the gentle gradient sidetrack of the Kosei Line, there is a railroad signal (the 3rd block signal) which is located in a clearly visible place seen from both of the tracks.
Japanese: 湖西線下り線と緩勾配の側線の合流部付近に信号機（第3日本の鉄道信号機閉塞信号機）があるが、どちらの線からも確認しやすい位置に設置されている。
English: On the Kosei up line, soon after leaving the exit on the Yamashina side, there is a railroad signal (1st block signal, with 5 lights).
Japanese: 湖西線上り線について、山科側の出口を出たすぐの位置に信号機（第1閉塞信号機、5灯式）がある。
English: When the aspect of the signal (the 1st home signal) in the Yamashina Station, which is located ahead the first block signal, is 'stop' (the red light is on), the aspect of the first block signal indicates 'speed restriction' (yellow + yellow) are lit).
Japanese: その先にある山科駅の信号機（第1日本の鉄道信号機場内信号機）が停止を現示（赤を点灯）しているとき、この第1閉塞信号機は警戒を現示（橙黄+橙黄を点灯）している。
English: Then, the train running on the Kosei westbound track obviously slows down near the exit of the tunnel.
Japanese: この場合、湖西線上り線の列車は、トンネルの出口付近ではかなり減速して走行する。
English: The Nagara Tunnel is a 1,305 m-long road tunnel constructed along the Biwako nishi jukan road between Fujio Okumachi and Ojiyama ramps.
Japanese: 琵琶湖西縦貫道路の藤尾奥町ランプと皇子山ランプの間にある全長1,305mの道路トンネル。
English: The whole length of this tunnel, like that of Nagarayama (railroad) tunnel, is in Otsu City.
Japanese: このトンネル自体も（鉄道の）長等山トンネルと同様に全区間が大津市内にある。
English: As a part of the bypass's expansion project to four lanes, another tunnel has been under construction to the northwest (the mountain side) of the tunnels in service.
Japanese: 同バイパスの4車線化工事の一環として現在、供用中のトンネルの北西（山側）に別のトンネルが建設されている。
English: The First Tunnel (Nagarayama Tunnel) for the Lake Biwa Canal, a tunnel constructed between Otsu City and Yamashina Ward in Kyoto City, has the total length of 2,436 meters, passing through Mt. Nagara.
Japanese: 琵琶湖疏水の第1トンネル（長等山トンネル）は、大津市と京都市山科区の間にある全長2,436mのトンネルであり、長等山を貫いている。
English: The shaft (duct) is opened at two points, the first shaft (47 meters deep) is found at 1,695 m from the tunnel entrance on the Otsu side and the second shaft (20 meters deep) is located at 2,136 m from the entrance.
Japanese: 竪坑（ダクトスペース）が2か所にあり、大津側の坑口（トンネル入口）から1,695mの位置に第1シャフト（深さ47m）、2,136mの位置に第2シャフト（深さ20m）がある。
English: With the construction of Nagarayama Tunnel (railway) on the Kosei Line (previously mentioned), some parts of the section were renovated and rerouted.
Japanese: 湖西線の長等山トンネル（前述）の建設にともない、一部区間の改修や経路変更が行われている。
English: Yakunogahara Ski Ground was used to be a ski ground located in Kamiyakuno, Yakuno-cho, Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 夜久野ヶ原スキー場（やくのがはらスキーじょう）は、かつて京都府福知山市夜久野町上夜久野にあったスキー場である。
English: It was a ski ground that opened around 1924, and because of its convenient location for being in front of the railway station, it was crowded with people in the days when it opened.
Japanese: 1924年頃に開設されたスキー場で、開設当時は駅前という好立地から、多くのスキー客で賑わった。
English: However, as the road systems developed after the World War II, customers became attracted to other ski grounds, and the Yakunogahara Ski Ground closed down.
Japanese: しかし第二次世界大戦、道路網の発達とともに他のスキー場へと客足が遠のき、閉鎖された。
English: Hide district, Takanashi district, Hirata district, Tateishi district, Nibi district, and Kameyama district circle the bay shore, and to the south of the bay, there is Aoshima Island (Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 日出地区、高梨地区、平田地区、立石地区、耳鼻地区、亀山地区が湾岸を囲んでおり、湾の南側には青島(京都府)がある。
English: Owing to this Aoshima Island, Ine Bay is not easily affected by the wind, and waves are relatively fewer than those outside of the bay.
Japanese: 伊根湾はこの青島があることで、風の影響を受けにくく、湾外に比べて波も比較的穏やかである。
English: Also, there are pleasure boats operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. that go around inside the bay, and there are many tourists who visit to see the Ine no Funaya Houses (houses built on the water's edge in Ine) which is one of the tourist (sightseeing) spots in Ine Town.
Japanese: また、丹後海陸交通が運営する遊覧船が湾内を巡回しており、伊根町の観光名所の一つである伊根の舟屋の見物を目的に観光客が多く訪れる。
English: Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) was an ancient road from Rajo-mon gate, the entrance to the Suzaku-oji Street running through north to south in the center of Heian-kyo, to Yodo through Toba (Kyoto City).
Japanese: 鳥羽作道（とばのつくりみち・鳥羽造道）は、平安京の中央部を南北に貫く朱雀大路の入口である羅城門より真南に伸びて鳥羽(京都市)を経由して淀方面に通じた古代道路。
English: It had been suggested that the road had existed prior to the transfer of national capital to the city of Heian-kyo, or that it had been constructed by Emperor Toba when Toba-dono Palace was built, but it was regarded as the road which had been constructed in order to transport supplies from the Yodo-gawa River when the Heian-kyo capital was being built.
Japanese: 平安遷都以前からの道とする説や鳥羽天皇が鳥羽殿が造営した際に築かれたとする説もあるが、平安京建設時に淀川から物資を運搬するために作られた道であると考えられている。
English: Since "Tsurezure gusa" (Essays in Idleness) shows about a historical event that Imperial Prince Shigeakira wrote down that the voice of Imperial Prince Motoyoshi making a ceremonial speech on the morning of the new year was heard from Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace) to Toba no Tsukurimichi, it was considered that the road existed in the early 10th century when the two Imperial princes were active (however, there are opinions that questions this, as the original writings of Imperial Prince Shigeakira which Kenko YOSHIDA is supposed to have seen do not exist).
Japanese: 『徒然草』において、重明親王が元良親王の元日の奏賀の声が太極殿から鳥羽作道まで響いたことを書き残した故事について記されているため、両親王が活躍していた10世紀前半には存在していたとされる（ただし、吉田兼好が見たとされる重明親王による元の文章が残っていないために疑問視する意見もある）。
English: After the construction of Toba-dono Palace, it was regarded as a road from Heian-kyo capital to Toba, and was referred to as 'Toba no Nishioji' (West Avenue to Toba) (in this period, the west part of the capital was already in ruins and the Suzaku-oji Street had become the road in the west side of the Kyoto town area).
Japanese: 鳥羽殿造営後は平安京から鳥羽への街道として「鳥羽の西大路」（この時代に平安京の右京は荒廃して朱雀大路は京都市街の西側の道となっていた）と呼ばれた。
English: Furthermore, water transport in the Yodo-gawa River was utilized in the Yodo area, making it a road that led to the Kusatsu-juku Post Station in the east, to Nara in the south, and to Nanba in the west; however, it became desolate from the disturbances of the later wars, and although parts of the road exist today as Old Osaka-kaido Road, even the tracks of the course are lost in many of the areas.
Japanese: 更に淀付近から淀川水運を利用して東は草津宿・南は奈良・西は難波方面に出る交通路として用いられたと考えられているが、その後の戦乱で荒廃し、現在では一部が旧大坂街道として残されているものの、多くの地域において経路の跡すら失われている。
English: Toba refers to a name of an area which was called Tobago, Toba no sho (Toba manor) and so on that once belonged to Kii County, Yamashiro Province located in the outskirts of Kyoto.
Japanese: 鳥羽（とば）とは、かつて京都洛外、山城国紀伊郡に属していた鳥羽郷（とばごう）・鳥羽荘（とばのしょう）などと呼ばれた地域を指す名称。
English: In the present-day, although it is in Kyoto City, Toba is divided into Kamitoba which belongs to Minami Ward (Kyoto City), and Shimotoba which belongs to Fushimi Ward.
Japanese: 現在では京都市でも南区(京都市)に属する上鳥羽・伏見区に属する下鳥羽に分割されている。
English: It was located in the wetlands where the Kamo-gawa River (The Yodo-gawa River System) and the Katsura-gawa River (The Yodo-gawa River System) merged, and at that time, the Kamo-gawa River ran through the east of Toba, and in the south, it was adjacent to the Ogura-ike Pond.
Japanese: 鴨川(淀川水系)と桂川(淀川水系)の合流地点の低湿地にあり、当時は鴨川が鳥羽の東側を流れ、また南は巨椋池に接したとされる。
English: After the transfer of national capital to the city of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) was constructed by extending Suzaku-oji Street directly from the south of Rajo-mon Gate, and the road connected to the Yodo-gawa River System at Toba.
Japanese: 平安京遷都以後、朱雀大路を羅城門から真南に延長した鳥羽作道が作られ、その道は鳥羽で淀川水系と接した。
English: The place name 'Toba' appeared in 'The Jogan-ji Temple Inventory of Rice Fields' (a section of "The Jogan-ji Temple Inventory") (important cultural property owned by Ninna-ji Temple) which was made in 872.
Japanese: 貞観(日本)14年（872年）に作成された「貞観寺田地目録帳（『貞観寺根本目録』の一部）」（仁和寺所蔵重要文化財）に「鳥羽」の地名が登場する。
English: Also, it was considered that the water of Shinsen-en Temple inside Heian-kyo was drawn from Toba.
Japanese: また、平安京内の神泉苑の水は鳥羽からひかれたものであったとされている。
English: In 1086, the Retired Emperor Shirakawa built an Imperial villa, Toba-dono Palace (also known as Jonangu), by enlarging and remodeling the villa, which was presented to him by FUJIWARA no Suetsuna, by the Ogura-ike Pond.
Japanese: 応徳3年（1086年）、白河上皇は藤原季綱から献上された巨椋池の畔の別業に拡張・改造を加えて離宮・鳥羽殿（城南宮）を造営した。
English: It was a large villa comprised of three buildings of gosho (Imperial Palace), a garden overlooking the Ogura-ike Pond, and mi-do Hall (enshrinement hall), but it was not completed during the lifetime of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, and it was completed during the period of his grandson, the Retired Emperor Toba, who inherited the villa.
Japanese: 3棟からなる御所と巨椋池を望む庭園、御堂を取り合わせた大規模なものであったが、白河上皇の生存中には完成出来ず、ここを継承した孫の鳥羽上皇の時代に完成した。
English: Until it fell into ruin due to the civil wars in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Toba-dono Palace held political significance as a base for the successive generations of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power).
Japanese: 鳥羽殿は南北朝時代(日本)の内乱で荒廃するまで歴代の治天の君の拠点として政治的な意味も持った。
English: Since Tobain (Toba-dono) and its surrounding area was ruled by the Saionji family, who served as chief officers of mikuriya (manors of the retired emperors) and Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) for generation, it served as the financial and political basis of the cloister government by Chiten no kimi in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に入ると、鳥羽院は代々院御厨別当・関東申次を務めた西園寺家が周辺の土地とともに知行して治天の君の院政に対して経済的な貢献を行うとともに、その政治力を支える基盤となった。
English: The manor in Toba, called Toba no sho, was owned by the Saionji family as their shoryo (territory) until the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) as described in "Kankenki" (The house diary of the Saionji family) which shows the manor was ruled by the Saionji family during the Onin War in Bunmei era (1469 to 1486), and in "Odachi Joko Nikki" (The Diary of Joko ODACHI) written by Hisauji ODACHI, who was a bureaucrat of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which contains a memorandum regarding the dispute over the boundaries between the Saionji family's Toba no sho and the Koga family's Koga no sho (manor), and so on.
Japanese: 西園寺家の鳥羽の荘園は鳥羽荘と称されて、『管見記』によれば応仁の乱最中の文明(日本)年間にも西園寺家の支配が確認でき、室町幕府官僚の大舘尚氏による『大舘常興日記』には大永5年（1527年）に行われていた西園寺家の鳥羽荘と久我家の久我荘の境相論についての覚書が残されているなど、戦国時代(日本)まで同家の所領であった。
English: In addition, Toba was a base to transport supplies from provinces to Kyoto through the Yodo-gawa River, where toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants) and shashaku (shipping agent using carts) were active in the Muromachi period (described in "Teikin Orai" [Collection of letters used for family education] and so on), and historical documents of Kyoto daikan (the regional officer of Kyoto) of the Edo bakufu also wrote about Toba.
Japanese: また、鳥羽は地方から淀川を経由して京都に物資を運ぶ拠点であり、室町時代には問丸や車借の活躍が見られ（『庭訓往来』など）、江戸幕府の京都代官の史料にも活動の様子が見られる。