nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Furthermore, the new economic policy outline, which was one of the key points of the new order movement, faced opposition from the financial world, with Ichizo KOBAYASHI, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, clashing with Vice-Minister, Nobusuke KISHI, the driving force behind the outline, whom Kobayashi criticized as 'a red.'
Japanese: また、新体制運動の核の一つであった経済新体制確立要綱が財界から反発を受け、小林一三商工相は経済新体制要綱の推進者である岸信介次官と対立、小林は岸を「アカ」と批判した。
English: Konoe was hostile to the reform bureaucrats, seeing them as 'communists in nationalist clothing,' so when Kiichiro HIRANUMA joined the cabinet in December, he planned to settle the matter by watering down the new economic policy plan; in addition, Hiranuma had the authors of the plan arrested as communists, and Nobusuke KISHI resigned.
Japanese: 近衛は革新官僚を「国体の衣を着けたる共産主義者」として敵視し、12月の平沼騏一郎の入閣で、経済新体制確立要綱を骨抜きにさせて決着を図り、平沼らは更に経済新体制確立要綱の原案作成者たちを共産主義者として逮捕させ、岸信介も辞職した。
English: During this time, the supporters of the new order resigned from the cabinet, and Hiranuma designated the Imperial Rule Assistance Association a public interest association and made the supporters of the new order within the Association resign.
Japanese: この間、新体制推進派は閣僚を辞職し、平沼は大政翼賛会を公事結社と規定し、大政翼賛会の新体制推進派を辞職させた。
English: Konoe also hoped for negotiations with the U.S. based on the draft of a mutual understanding plan but Yosuke MATSUOKA, who objected to the parts that watered down the tripartite alliance, proposed an amendment version which was sent to the United States of America, where it was ignored.
Japanese: 近衛らは日米諒解案による交渉を目指すも、この内容が三国同盟を骨抜きにする点に松岡洋右は反発し、松岡による修正案がアメリカ合衆国に送られたが、アメリカは修正案を黙殺した。
English: On June 22, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, and an Imperial Council was immediately held to discuss how Japan, having signed the Tripartite Pact, should react to this development.
Japanese: 6月22日に独ソ戦が勃発、ドイツ・イタリアと三国同盟を結んでいた日本は、独ソ戦争にどう対応するか、御前会議にかける新たな国策が直ちに求められた。
English: The Army saw the German invasion as a one in a million chance to take military action against the hypothetical enemy, the Soviet Union.
Japanese: 陸軍は独ソ戦争を、仮想敵国ソビエトに対し軍事行動をとる千載一遇のチャンスととらえた。
English: At the liaison conference between the Government and Imperial General Headquarters, Foreign Minister Matsuoka made an appeal for a pincer operation against the Soviet Union based on the tripartite alliance.
Japanese: 大本営政府連絡会議では松岡外相は三国同盟に基づいてソ連への挟撃を訴えた。
English: The framework of this national policy was based on military deployment on two fronts: an advance to the south advocated by the Navy, and preparation for war against the Soviet Union advocated by the Army and Foreign Minister Matsuoka.
Japanese: この国策の骨格は海軍が主張した南方進出と、松岡外相と陸軍が主張した対ソ戦の準備という二正面での作戦展開にあった。
English: In response to this decision, on July 7, the so-called Kwantung Army Special Maneuvers was started, in which troops, under the pretext of tactical training, were mobilized in preparation for an invasion of the Soviet Union, depending on how the German invasion was progressing.
Japanese: この決定を受けてソビエトに対しては7月7日いわゆる関東軍特種演習を発動し、演習名目で兵力を動員し、独ソ戦争の推移次第ではソビエトに攻め込むという作戦であった。
English: At the same time, to the south, the Army advanced into southern French Indochina on July 28, resulting in economic sanctions by the United States.
Japanese: 一方南方に対しては7月28日南部仏印への進駐を行なったが、これはアメリカによる経済制裁を招く結果となる。
English: Japanese assets in the United States were placed entirely under the administration of the U.S. Government, and after Japan's advancement into southern French Indochina was confirmed, there was a total ban on the export of oil to Japan.
Japanese: アメリカでの日本の経済活動がすべてアメリカ政府の管理下に置かれ、そして日本の南部仏印の進駐を確認した上で、石油の対日輸出が全面禁止された。
English: This cabinet was formed to give the impression of complying with American demands but in fact, apart from the dismissal of Yosuke MATSUOKA, who had become a thorn in the side of the administration, the cabinet remained the same.
Japanese: これは、アメリカの要求を飲んだかのように見せかけたもので、実際はもう既に足枷でしかなかった松岡洋右を更迭しただけで、殆ど変わっていないのが実情であった。
English: Japan had taken the rights in Indochina from Vichy France, who had already surrendered to Germany, on July 23, advanced to south French Indochina on July 28, and entered the capital, Saigon, on July 30.
Japanese: 7月23日にすでにドイツに降伏していたフランスのヴィシー政権からインドシナの権益を奪い、7月28日に南部仏印進駐を実行し、7月30日にサイゴンへ入城。
English: However, because of the resulting American oil embargo, Japan was placed in a very tight situation.
Japanese: しかしこれに対するアメリカの対日石油全面輸出禁止により日本は窮地に立たされることとなった。
English: The minimum demands to the United States and Britain were decided, the deadline for the negotiation period was set for early October, and in case the demands were not accepted by that time, a plan was laid down to start a war against the United States, the Netherlands and Britain.
Japanese: アメリカ、イギリスに対する最低限の要求内容を定め、交渉期限を10月上旬に区切り、この時までに要求が受け入れられない場合、アメリカ、オランダ、イギリスに対する開戦方針が定めらた。
English: On the night of September 6, when the Imperial Council ended, Konoe finally decided to seek a solution through a Japan-U.S. summit and held a secret meeting with the U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Joesph GREW, making an intensive appeal for a Japan-U.S. summit as soon as possible in order to circumvent any crises.
Japanese: 御前会議の終わった9月6日の夜、近衛はようやく日米首脳会談による解決を決意し駐日アメリカ大使ジョセフ・グルーと極秘のうちに会談し、危機打開のため日米首脳会談の早期実現を強く訴えた。
English: Grew, who saw the importance of the situation, immediately sent a telegraph to the United States that night to request an urgent summit, and the Department of State immediately started to look into holding a Japan-U.S. summit.
Japanese: 事態を重く見たグルーは、その夜、直ちに首脳会談の早期実現を要請する電報を本国に打ち、国務省では日米首脳会談の検討が直ちに始まった。
English: However, the Department of State decided not to compromise but instead to contain Japan by force and, on October 2, indicated to Japan a response that effectively rejected a Japan-U.S. summit.
Japanese: しかし、国務省では妥協ではなく力によって日本を封じ込めるべきだと考え、10月2日、アメリカ国務省は日米首脳会談を事実上拒否する回答を日本側に示した。
English: The Army viewed this response as the effective end to negotiations between Japan and the United States, and the Staff Headquarters (under the army's jurisdiction) demanded that the deadline for foreign diplomacy be set to October 15.
Japanese: 陸軍はアメリカの回答をもって日米交渉も事実上終わりと判断し、参謀本部（陸軍管轄）は政府に対し、外交期限を10月15日とするよう要求した。
English: On October 12, just before the deadline for foreign diplomacy, Konoe, who was being pressed for a decision on the war, invited Foreign Minister Teijiro TOYODA, Minister of the Navy Koshiro OIKAWA, Minister of the Army Hideki TOJO and the Director of the Planning Board, Teiichi SUZUKI to Tekigaiso, and he conferred on how to deal with war against the United States.
Japanese: 外交期限の迫った10月12日、戦争の決断を迫られた近衛は豊田貞次郎外相、及川古志郎海相、東條英機陸相、鈴木貞一企画院総裁を荻外荘に呼び、対米戦争への対応を協議した。
English: Konoe sought a path to a negotiation by withdrawing from China, but Minister of the Army Hideki TOJO, who opposed this, demanded either the resignation of all cabinet members or the start of war based on the national policy outline, so the two of them agreed on recommending Prince Higashikuninomiya Naruhiko as the next prime minister, and on October 16, the cabinet was dismantled, with the cabinet members resigning en masse on October 18.
Japanese: そこで近衛は対中撤兵による交渉に道を求めたが、これに反対する東条英機陸相は総辞職か国策要綱に基づく開戦を要求し、両者は東久邇宮稔彦王を次期首相に推すことで一致し、10月16日に内閣は投げ出され、10月18日に総辞職した。
English: After the Pacific War started on December 8, 1941, Konoe became close to Shigeru YOSHIDA, former Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ambassador to Great Britain, who, like Konoe, was viewed as dangerous by the military.
Japanese: 1941年（昭和16年）12月8日の太平洋戦争開始後は、共に軍部から危険視されていた元外務次官・駐英大使の吉田茂と接近するようになる。
English: Yoshida, who saw the occupation of Singapore and the crushing defeat in the Battle of Midway in 1942 as a good opportunity, proposed sending Konoe to Switzerland and negotiating with Great Britain and the United States and because Konoe agreed, this suggestion was conveyed to Koichi KIDO, but KIDO rejected it.
Japanese: 1942年（昭和17年）のシンガポール占領とミッドウェー海戦の大敗を好期と見た吉田は、近衛をスイスに派遣し、英米との交渉を行うことを持ちかけ、近衛も乗り気になったため、この案を木戸幸一に伝えるが、木戸が握り潰してしまった。
English: From 1943, Konoe and his group began to speak out about the 'reddening' of the military and the threat of a communist revolution, which eventually led to 'Konoe's Address to the Throne.'
Japanese: 1943年（昭和18年）から、近衛とそのグループは、やがて「近衛上奏文」につながる軍部赤化論や共産革命脅威論を唱え始める。
English: Shunkichi UEDA also shared the same view and after being told by Yoshida that he should definitely meet with Konoe, explained his view to Konoe along with OBATA.
Japanese: 殖田俊吉もこれに共感し、吉田に近衛と会うべきと言われていた殖田は、小畑と共に近衛にこれを説いた。
English: After that, Konoe, as the central figure in their group, aimed to end the war by ousting the then pro-Soviet leaders of the Army.
Japanese: 以降、近衛は、彼らグループの中心として、親ソ的な現在の陸軍首脳部を追うことで終戦を目指すようになる。
English: With the fall of Saipan on July 9, 1944, there was an increasing demand for the Tojo cabinet to resign, but having foreseen defeat in the war and thinking of ways to make it difficult for the Emperor to be held responsible for the war, he stated, 'It's better to let Tojo have the administrative power. The war situation will not improve no matter who replaces him, so it's better to let him take all responsibility until the very end.'
Japanese: 1944年（昭和19年）7月9日のサイパン島陥落に伴い、東條内閣に対する退陣要求が強まったが、その際には「このまま東条に政権を担当させておくほうが良い。戦局は、誰に代わっても好転することはないのだから、最後まで全責任を負わせるようにしたらよい」と述べ、敗戦を見越したうえで、天皇に戦争責任が及びにくくする様に考えていた。
English: On February 14, 1945, Konoe presented his 'Address to the Throne,' that advocated an early realization of peace, to Emperor SHOWA.
Japanese: 1945年（昭和20年）2月14日に、近衛は昭和天皇に対して、早期和平を主張する「近衛上奏文」を奏上した。
English: Instead of using neutral countries such as Switzerland, Sweden or the Vatican, he planned to have the Soviet Union act as peacemaker.
Japanese: それは、スイス、スウェーデン、バチカンなどの中立国を仲介とするものではなく、ソ連による和平仲介だった。
English: Konoe's negotiation plan was to disclaim all the territories overseas, the Ryukyu Islands, the Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands) and the Kuril Islands, and to offer officers and soldiers of the Japanese Army as a labor force.
Japanese: 近衛の交渉案は、全ての海外の領土、琉球諸島、小笠原諸島、千島を放棄し、労働力として日本軍将兵を提供するものだった。
English: After the Pacific War ended on August 15, 1945, Konoe became Minister of State in the Higashikuninomiya Cabinet.
Japanese: 1945年（昭和20年）8月15日に太平洋戦争が終結すると東久邇宮内閣で近衛は国務大臣を務めた。
English: On October 4, Konoe visited Douglas MacArthur at the General Headquarters of the Allied Forces (GHQ), talked about his own theory of the military turning communist and asserted that at the start of the war, the Zaibatsu industrial-commercial conglomerates and the feudal power centered around the Emperor functioned as brakes, and that Japan would immediately redden if the Imperial family and the Zaibatsu were removed.
Japanese: 10月4日に、近衛は連合国軍最高司令官総司令部ダグラス・マッカーサーを訪ね、持論の軍部赤化論を説いて、開戦時には天皇を中心とした封建勢力や財閥はブレーキの役割を果たした、と主張し、皇室と財閥を除けば日本はたちまち赤化すると説いた。
English: MacArthur, Assistant Chief of Staff Sutherland and Acheson, political adviser to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, agreed and they put Konoe in charge of revising the constitution.
Japanese: マッカーサー、サザーランド参謀長およびアチソン連合国軍最高司令官総司令部政治顧問はこれに肯き、近衛に憲法改定を託した。
English: However, newspapers both inside and outside of Japan intensified investigations into Konoe's responsibility for the war, and people such as Jiro SHIRASU attempted to save Konoe by announcing that he had been put in charge of revising the constitution by MacArthur.
Japanese: しかし、国内外の新聞では、戦時体制を敷いた近衛の責任問題の追及が激しくなり、白洲次郎たちは近衛がマッカーサーに憲法改定を託されたことを宣伝して回り、近衛を助けようと試みた。
English: However, MacArthur, who feared the media response, cut off Konoe, stating that GHQ (General Headquarters of the Allied Forces) would not be involved in revising the constitution.
Japanese: しかし、メディアの反応を恐れたマッカーサーは、11月1日に、近衛の憲法改定にはGHQは関与しないとして、近衛を切り捨てた。
English: Furthermore, as investigations into Konoe's accountability seemed likely to continue, he was summoned to a gunboat and questioned on the relationship between the government and the military.
Japanese: また近衛の責任追及も行われるようになり、砲艦に呼び出され軍部と政府の関係について質問があった。
English: In his speech of 1921, Konoe had already talked about the danger of the likely split in the future between the military and the government because of the Emperor's supreme command, which is what happened, but such a situation was a difficult concept for the United States to understand.
Japanese: 近衛は、すでに1921年の演説で、統帥権によって将来軍部と政府が二元化しかねない危険性を説き、その後それは現実となったのだが、このような状況はアメリカ側には理解し難い内容であった。
English: However, in order to prevent the pursuit of accountability against Emperor Showa, he could not use the term supreme command.
Japanese: しかし、昭和天皇への責任追及を避けるために、統帥権という語は口にできなかった。
English: Konoe published 'A Diary - Efforts toward Peace' in "World Cultures", in which he shifted all the responsibilities for the quagmire of the Sino-Japanese War and the start of the Pacific War to the military, and explained that he regretted the fact that he was unable to stop the runaway military.
Japanese: 近衛は『世界文化』に、「手記～平和への努力」を発表し、日中戦争の泥沼化と、太平洋戦争の開戦の全責任を軍部に転嫁し、自分は軍部の独走を阻止できなかったことが遺憾であると釈明した。
English: On December 6, 1945, he heard about the arrest warrant from GHQ and learned that he would be tried as a class-A war criminal at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal.
Japanese: 1945年12月6日に、GHQからの逮捕命令を聞いて、A級戦犯として極東国際軍事裁判で裁かれることを知った。
English: On December 16, 1945, the deadline for him to present himself at Sugamo detention center he committed suicide by swallowing potassium cyanide at Tekigaiso.
Japanese: 巣鴨拘置所に出頭を命じられた最終期限日の1945年12月16日、荻外荘でシアン化カリウムを服毒して自殺した。
English: It is said that it was an agonizing choice, prompted by his awareness of his position as the head of Gosekke and to keep the Imperial family safe by preventing responsibility for the war from falling on Emperor Showa.
Japanese: 昭和天皇に戦争責任が及ばないようにという、皇室の藩籬として、そして五摂家筆頭としての自覚が促した、苦渋の選択だったという。
English: On the day before his suicide, he dictated his will to his second son, Michitaka KONOE, and left the following words: 'I have made many mistakes, but I cannot stand being tried as a war criminal… only those people who understand, know my intentions.'
Japanese: 自殺の前日、次男の近衛通隆に遺書を口述筆記させ、「自分は多くの過ちを犯してきたが、戦犯として裁かれなければならないことに耐えられない…僕の志は知る人ぞ知る」と言い残した。
English: Tekigaiso' located in Ogikubo, Suginami Ward (Suginami Ward) was originally the suburban second home of Tatsukichi IRISAWA, the head court physician of Emperor Taisho.
Japanese: 杉並区荻窪(杉並区)の「荻外荘」（てきがいそう）は、元は大正天皇の侍医頭だった入澤達吉が所有していた郊外の別荘だった。
English: Konoe fell deeply in love with this house located on a hill with a sloping south side and a beautiful, sweeping view of the near-by Zempukuji-gawa River and Mt. Fuji in the distance, and persuaded Irisawa to sell it.
Japanese: 近衛は南に斜面をもった高台に立地し、近くは善福寺川から遠くは富士山までの景勝を一望のもとに見渡せるこの別荘に惚れ込んで、入澤を口説き落としてこれを買い受けている。
English: The name 'Tekigaiso' literally means 'outside of Ogikubo,' and there is no deep meaning associated with any historical events or phrases.
Japanese: 名称の「荻外荘」は額面通りの「荻窪の外」で、特に故事成句に因むような深遠な意味はないということになっている。
English: However, since the person whom Konoe asked to select this name was Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was well-versed in the past customs of the imperial court and samurai families, it is open to speculation.
Japanese: しかし近衛に頼まれてこれを撰名したのは有職故実の奥義に通じた西園寺公望なので、実のところはどうなのかはよくわからない。
English: The Konoe family had its main residence in Mejiro (present-day Shimo-Ochiai, Shinjuku Ward), so the one in Ogikubo was, strictly speaking, a second house, but Konoe seemed especially taken with Tekigaiso and once he began to live there he never went back to his main residence.
Japanese: 近衛家には目白（現在の新宿区下落合）に本邸があり、荻窪の方はあくまでも別邸なのだが、近衛はこの荻外荘がことのほか気に入った様子で、一度ここに住み始めると本邸の方へは二度と戻らなかった。
English: Konoe also used the quiet presence of Tekigaiso, which was completely different from the bustle at the Prime Minister's official residence, as his political stage.
Japanese: 総理大臣官邸の喧噪とはうってかわって静寂な荻外荘のたたずまいを、近衛は政治の場としても活用した。
English: Not only did he hold special conferences such as the 'Ogikubo Meeting' on July 19, 1940, in which he confirmed the construction of 'new order in East Asia,' and 'Tekigaiso Meeting' on October 15, 1941, in which he negotiated the pros and cons of war against the U.S., at times, he even held regularly scheduled top-level ministerial meetings at Tekigaiso and on the eve of the Second World War, many important national policies were approved here.
Japanese: 「東亜新秩序」の建設を確認した昭和15年7月19日の「荻窪会談」や、対米戦争の是非とその対応についてを協議した昭和16年10月15日の「荻外荘会談」などの特別な協議はもとより、時には定例会合の五相会議までをも荻外荘で開いており、第二次世界大戦前夜の重要な国策の多くがここで決定されている。
English: It was also at Tekigaiso, at the end of September, 1941, that Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet, Isoroku YAMAMOTO, who was asked by Konoe about the Navy's prospects in the fight against the U.S., worried Konoe with the famous words, 'If you say I must, I will show you how much damage we can inflict for the first half a year or a year. However, if it goes on for 2 to 3 years, I have absolutely no confidence.'
Japanese: 昭和16年9月末に近衛から対米戦に対する海軍の見通しを訊かれた連合艦隊司令長官の山本五十六が、「是非やれと言われれば初めの半年や一年は随分と暴れてご覧に入れます。しかし、二年、三年となれば、全く確信は持てません」という有名な回答で近衛を悩ませたのも、この荻外荘においてであった。
English: Due to this unorthodox way of conducting politics, the name 'Tekigaiso' appeared often in the newspapers and became known throughout Japan.
Japanese: こうした変則的な政治手法から「荻外荘」の三文字が新聞の紙面に踊る日は多く、この私邸の名称は日本の隅々にまで知れ渡るようになった。
English: Later, Shigeru YOSHIDA's 'Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum,' Ichiro HATOYAMA's 'Hatoyama Hall' and Kakuei TANAKA's 'Tanaka Kakuei Human Relationship' also functioned as official secondary residences of the Prime Minister, but their antecedent can be found in Tekigaiso.
Japanese: 後には吉田茂の「東京都庭園美術館」、鳩山一郎の「鳩山会館」、田中角榮の「田中角榮人間関係」などがやはり同じように第二の官邸のような機能をもつが、その先例はこの荻外荘に求めることができる。
English: Because the Ogikubo area escaped the bombing of Tokyo, Tekigaiso's appearance has remained virtually unchanged since Konoe ended his life there.
Japanese: 荻窪一帯は空襲を免れたため、荻外荘は現在でも近衛が自らの命を絶った日とさほど変らない姿をこの地に留めている。
English: The house remains the private property of the Konoe family and is not open for viewing, but a partial view of the historical atmosphere can be glimpsed through the outside fence.
Japanese: 現在でも近衛家の私有地なので内部の見学はできないが、歴史の重みに満ちたその片鱗は塀の外からでも十分に垣間見ることができる。
English: Because of the lack of a family heir during the early Edo period, the fourth son of Emperor Goyozei was adopted by his maternal uncle, Nobutada KONOE, and became the head of the Konoe family as Nobuhiro KONOE.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期に嗣子を欠いたため、後陽成天皇の第四皇子が母方の叔父・近衛信尹の養子となり近衛信尋として近衛家を継いだ。
English: Fumimaro was the eleventh generation direct descendant and at the time, he was a lot more closely related to the Emperor's family than many members of the Imperial family were.
Japanese: 文麿はその直系十一世孫にあたり、その血統は当時は大勢いた皇族よりもずっと天皇家に近かった。
English: The well-known anecdote that 'the back of the chair on which Konoe sat after he had an audience with Emperor Showa was always warm,' demonstrates the closeness Fumimaro felt toward the Emperor.
Japanese: 「昭和天皇に拝謁した後の近衛が座っていた椅子の背もたれだけはいつも暖かかった」というのは、文麿が天皇に対して抱いていた親近感を示す有名なエピソードである。
English: Fumimaro, who was a student at Daiichi High School, fell in love at first sight when he saw Chiyoko, who was said to have been the most beautiful girl at the Kazoku Jogakko school for the daughters of peers.
Japanese: 華族女学校で一番の美女だったという千代子を第一高等学校(旧制)の学生だった文麿が見初めた一方的な一目惚れだったという。
English: Even though he was still at Kyoto Imperial University when they got married, their lives were unfittingly lavish for a 'student marriage.'
Japanese: 結婚当時は京都帝大在学中だったが、その生活は「学生結婚」という言葉にはそぐわないほど豪勢なものだった。
English: They had a happy marriage, but as was common with people of high social status at the time, he had a number of concubines and illegitimate children.
Japanese: 結婚生活は円満だったが、当時の大身の例にもれず数人の妾を囲い、隠し子もいた。
English: His second daughter, Yoshiko, married Morisada HOSOKAWA who was still a student at Kyoto Imperial University, in April, 1937.
Japanese: 次女の温子（よしこ）は1937年（昭和12年）4月、当時まだ京都帝大在学中だった細川護貞と結婚した。
English: 3 years later, in August, 1940, shortly after her father began his second term as Prime Minister, she died of complications from peritonitis at the Hosokawa residence in Koishikawa.
Japanese: 三年後の昭和15年（1940年）8月、父が総理に返り咲いて間もなく、温子は腹膜炎をこじらせて小石川の細川邸で死去した。
English: In the short marriage between Yoshiko and Morisada, they were blessed with two sons; the eldest, Morihiro HOSOKAWA, later became Prime Minister, and the second son, Tadateru, was later adopted by the Konoe Family.
Japanese: この温子と護貞の短い結婚生活のなかで恵まれたのが、後に総理となる長男の細川護熙と、近衛家の養子となった次男の忠煇である。
English: The step-mother, Sada, whom Fumimaro did not get along with, died from malnutrition after evacuating alone to their alternate residence in Kyoto (where the Yomei Bunko Library is currently located) during the war.
Japanese: 不仲だった継母の貞は戦時中京都の別邸（現・陽明文庫所在地）に単独で疎開、そこで栄養失調により死去。
English: Eldest daughter: Akiko NOGUCHI (married Prince Tadahide SHIMAZU, Head of the Shimazu Family, but she eloped with chiropractor Haruchika NOGUCHI and later married him.)
Japanese: 長女：野口昭子（島津公爵家当主島津忠秀に嫁ぐが、整体・野口晴哉と駆け落ちして後に結婚）
English: Kennyo (February 9, 1543 - December 27, 1592) was the 11th head priest of the Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 顕如（けんにょ、天文(元号)12年1月6日(旧暦)（1543年2月9日）-文禄元年11月24日(旧暦)（1592年12月27日））は、本願寺第11世門主。
English: On April 17, 1557, he married Nyoshun-ni, the adopted daughter of Sadayori ROKKAKU.
Japanese: 弘治_(日本)3年（1557年）4月17日に六角定頼の養女の如春尼と結婚した。
English: Nyoshun-ni's father was Kimiyori SANJO, but she was adopted by Harumoto HOSOKAWA, and by the time she married had been adopted by Sadayori ROKKAKU.
Japanese: 如春尼の父は三条公頼だが、後に細川晴元の養女に出され、この結婚時には六角定頼の養女となっていた。
English: Even though it was a political marriage, it was a happy one and on Tanabata of 1588, which was the 31st year of their marriage, they composed the following poems to each other.
Japanese: 政略結婚とはいえ、二人の夫婦仲は良く、結婚三十一年目の天正16年(1588年)の七夕には次のように歌を詠み合っている。
English: "For many years, under the unchanged bond of Tanabata, today a long awaited meeting will be held." - Kennyo
Japanese: 「いくとせもちぎりかわらぬ七夕の、けふまちへたるあふせなるらん」　顕如
English: "For many years, under the unchanged things of Tanabata, today a rare meeting will be held." - Nyoshun-Ni
Japanese: 「いくとせのかはらぬ物を七夕の、けふめづらしきあうせなるらん」　如春尼
English: During Kennyo's time, the Hongan-ji Temple sect tried to take control of the Ikko uprisings by their followers, which had been in progress since his father's era, while at the same time cultivating alliances with relatives of the shogunal deputy, the Hosokawa family and the Kyo no Kuge, or court nobles.
Japanese: 顕如の時代、本願寺教団は、父の時代以来進めてきた門徒による一向一揆の掌握に務める一方、管領の細川家や京の公家との縁戚関係を深めた。
English: Based at the economically and strategically important Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, they built Hongan-ji school temples mainly in and around Kyoto and acquired power to match the Daimyos (Japanese territorial lords), in what was the sect's heyday.
Japanese: 経済的・軍事的な要衝である石山本願寺を拠点として、主に畿内を中心に本願寺派の寺を配置し、大名に匹敵する権力を有するようになり、教団は最盛期を迎えていた。
English: However, since Hongan-ji Temple held these powers outside of the feudal system, Nobunaga ODA (who entered Kyoto in 1568 and was trying to gain control of the city), started to persecute them and others including Enryaku-ji Temple and the Machi-shu, an elite group of merchants and artisans, of Sakai-city.
Japanese: しかし、本願寺は武家の封建関係の外でこのような権力を握っていたことから、延暦寺や堺市の町衆などと同様に、永禄11年（1568年）に上洛を果たして畿内の掌握を進めていた織田信長による圧迫を受けるようになった。
English: Kennyo decided to fight against Nobunaga, and Hongan-ji Temple entered the war against Oda clan in 1570.
Japanese: 顕如は信長と戦うのを決意し、元亀元年（1570年）から本願寺と織田氏は交戦状態に入った。
English: Kennyo allied with the Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was in conflict with Nobunaga, and made alliances with anti-Oda groups such as the Takeda clan, the Asakura clan, the Asai clan and the Mori clan, joining them in laying siege to Nobunaga, although Kennyo himself remained at Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, attacking Nobunaga by mobilizing peasants, who were closely allied with the Ikko adherents of Saiga, and local groups of followers.
Japanese: 顕如は信長と対立するようになっていた将軍足利義昭と結んで武田氏、朝倉氏、浅井氏、毛利氏などの反織田勢力と同盟を組み、信長包囲網の構築に加わる一方、自らは石山本願寺に篭城し、雑賀衆などの友好を結ぶ土豪勢力や地方の門徒組織を動員して信長を苦しめた。
English: However, the siege developed into a war of attrition, and after serious setbacks such as the sudden death of his relative Shingen, from whom he had been hoping for assistance and the defeats by Oda of the alliance powers, such as the Asakura and the Asai, Kennyo came to realize the hardship of continuous war and asked court to be an intermediary for peace.
Japanese: しかし、長期にわたる攻囲戦によって次第に疲弊する一方、縁戚関係にあった信玄の支援を期待していたが、信玄の急死が大きな痛手となり、さらに朝倉、浅井などの同盟勢力が次々と織田氏によって滅ぼされたため抗戦継続の困難を悟り朝廷に和平の仲介役を依頼した。
English: In 1580, Kennyo agreed to the reconciliation conditions submitted by Nobunaga and left the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, moving to the Sagimori branch temple in the Kii Province.
Japanese: 天正8年（1580年）に信長が持ち出した和睦の条件を呑み、石山本願寺を去って紀伊国鷺森別院に移った。