nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Gango-ji Temple, Todai-ji Temple, and Saidai-ji Temple, were the only three of the ten temples that built a special structure called a "Shoto-in Temple."
Japanese: このうち、元興寺・東大寺・西大寺には「小塔院」と呼ばれる百万塔などを納める専門施設も設置された。
English: This would have been for the storage of the Hyakuman-to Tower, but only one Hyakuman-to Tower exist today; that tower was stored in the Taiho-zo-den in Horyu-ji Temple, 45,755 piece pagodas and 26,054 piece Sorins.
Japanese: 現在残されているのは、法隆寺大法蔵殿に保管されている塔身45,755基分・相輪26,054基分のみである。
English: In addition, there was an example of an abandoned and unfinished, possibly during production of a Hyakuman-to Tower, excavated from the site of the Heijo-kyu Palace.
Japanese: この他に平城宮の跡地から製造中に未完成のまま遺棄された物が出土された例がある。
English: The existence of the Hyakuman-to Tower speaks to the high level of interest in a Buddhism policy within the government, buttressed by the state's protection through out the Nara period.
Japanese: 奈良時代の鎮護国家思想に支えられた政府の仏教政策への関心の高さを伝える。
English: Kuhon (Kyuhin) refers to a three-way classification of things and people's characters and each classification is divided into further three categories.
Japanese: 九品（くほん、きゅうひん）とは、物質や人の性質を3×3で分類したもの。
English: In China, Kuhon was a classification used in judging people and hiring government officials.
Japanese: 九品（きゅうひん）は、中国で人物を鑑定したり、官吏を登用する際に用いた分類である。
English: In China, when people and characters of things were classified, first, they were divided into three categories, johin (higher-quality goods), chuhin (the middle grade goods) and gehin (lower-quality goods), and then, each category was further divided into three grades.
Japanese: 中国では、人物や物の性質を分類したが、まずはじめに、上品（じょうひん）・中品（ちゅうひん）・下品（げひん）の3つに大きく分け、これら一品ずつにまたそれぞれ上中下の三品があるとした。
English: The word of so-called gehin, which refers to the family in the lower class and the lower position in aristocracy, originates in this classification.
Japanese: なおいわゆる下品は、この用法から、中国の貴族社会における下等の家柄や地位を下品と呼ぶようになったことに由来する。
English: When Buddhist scriptures were translated, the above-mentioned classification 'kuhon' was used.
Japanese: 九品（くほん）は、仏教で、経典を翻訳した際に、上記の中国の分類を用いて充当したものである。
English: Additionally, in Buddhism, '九品' is read 'kuhon', which does not contain dull sounds, but '上品・下品'is read 'jobon, gebon', both of which contains them.
Japanese: なお仏教の「九品」の場合は「くほん」と濁らずに読むが、「上品・下品」などは「じょうぼん・げぼん」と連濁する。
English: Kanmuryojukyo' (one of Buddhist scriptures) described that there are nine patterns to go to gokuraku jodo (the Pure Land of Amitabha) according to an ability of all living things in Buddhism (especially, Jodo [Pure Land] sect).
Japanese: 仏教（特に浄土教）では、衆生の機根の違いによって、同じ極楽浄土へ往生するにも、9つのパターンがあると『観無量寿経』に説かれている。
English: The readings of nine patterns include jobon plus josho or chusho or gesho, chubon plus josho or chuso or gesho and gebon plus josho or chusho or gesho.
Japanese: 九品のそれぞれはこれは「○品○生」（○は上・中・下）と言い、「○生」の読みはそれぞれ上生（じょうしょう）、中生（ちゅうしょう）、下生（げしょう）である。
English: Later, Zendo described it as Kuhonkaibon and suggested that all living things were essentially straying beings.
Japanese: のちに、善導は九品皆凡といい、一切衆生は本質的にみな迷える存在であると捉えた。
English: He spread his unique belief that a difference of jo (high) and ge (low) came from a difference of Mahayana Buddhism (based on altruism) and Hinayana Buddhism (based on egoism) or whether one got involved in evil things or not.
Japanese: また上下の差を大乗・小乗の乗教や悪などとの接触による相違に帰するという独自の解釈を唱えた。
English: People in these three categories of jobon are called johaishoso (top class of Buddhists who reborn in the Land of Happiness according to the nine levels of religiousness), because they meet Mahayana Buddhism, which is called gudai.
Japanese: これら上品の3者は、大乗に値遇するゆえに遇大（ぐうだい）といい、上輩生想（じょうはいしょうそう）と称される。
English: With accumulated good deeds and strong hope to go to jodo (the Pure Land) where Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) is, they can go to gokuraku jodo in one day or seven days.
Japanese: その功徳により阿弥陀如来の浄土に生じることを願えば、1日もしくは7日で往生できるという。
English: They have bravery and unwavering pursuit of his faith and Amida and Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) come to meet them at their death, then they are sent to the Pure Land lying on a hard rack and immediately realize mushobonin (recognition that nothing really arises or perishes).
Japanese: この人は勇猛精進をもち、臨終に阿弥陀や諸菩薩の来迎を観じ、金剛台に載り浄土へ往生し、即座に無生法忍を悟るという。
English: People who do not recite Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo sutra, but really understand the primary meaning of it, have no fear and tremble in their mind, believe in ingaritsu (the principle of causality), and do not criticize on Mahayana Buddhism.
Japanese: 大乗方等経典を読誦せずとも、よく大乗第一義の義趣を理解し、心に畏怖驚動ことなく、因果律を深く信じ大乗を誹謗しない者。
English: After staying one night, lotus flowers are in full bloom filling up the floor, and in seven days, they reach enlightenment, visit the land of each Amida or Bosatsu, and then after a long time, they gain mushobonin.
Japanese: その後に一宿を経て蓮華が開敷し、7日後に無上道を退かず、諸仏の国土へ赴き、1小劫を経て無生法忍を得るという。
English: After arriving in the Pure Land, flowers are in full bloom in one day and one night, and after 37 days later, they can open their eyes and listen, visit the land of each Amida or Bosatsu and then, after a long time, they can go to gokuraku jodo with the rank of juji (41 to 50 grades of 50 ranks).
Japanese: また往生した後に1日1夜で華が開き、37日後に耳目が明らかになり、諸仏の国土へ赴き、3小劫の後に十地に往生するという。
English: These three chubon are called chuhaishoso (second class of Buddhists who reborn in the Land of Happiness according to the nine levels of religiousness), because they meet Hinayana, which is called gusho.
Japanese: これら中品の3者は、小乗に値遇するゆえに遇小（ぐうしょう）といい、中輩生想（ちゅうはいしょうそう）と称される。
English: They go to the Pure Land and louts flowers are in full bloom, and then, immediately reach enlightenment and gain sanmyo rokushintsu hachigedatsu (special ability to communicate with Buddha and emancipation from worldly attachments).
Japanese: 往生して蓮華が開敷し、即時に応供を得て、三明・六神通・八解脱を得るという。
English: People who adhere to five and eight commandments all day, stick to shami (religious precept that the youngest monks have to follow), practice gusokukai (the full precepts) and have dignity and no lack of things.
Japanese: 1日1夜に五戒・八戒を具足し、また沙弥戒（年少の僧侶が受ける戒律）や具足戒を持ち、威儀端正にして欠くことが無い者。
English: They go to the Pure Land and lotus flowers are in full bloom and listen to sutra with joy and gain yoru (the rank you get when you can reach enlightenment by going to the Pure Land and coming back to this world seven times) and then, after a long time, they become an arhat.
Japanese: 往生して蓮華が開敷し、法を聞いて歓喜して預流を得て、半劫を経て阿羅漢となるという。
English: After going to the Pure Land, they listen to teachings from Seishi Bosatsu (Mahasthamaprapta) and Kanzeon Bosatsu (the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy) and then, after a long time, they become an arhat.
Japanese: 往生した後に勢至菩薩や観世音菩薩から教法を聞いて、1小劫の後に阿羅漢となるという。
English: People in these three categories are called guaku (meeting evil), because they commit evil deeds in their life and go to hell due to violating the law, and they also called gehaishoso (third class of Buddhists who reborn in the Land of Happiness according to the nine levels of religiousness).
Japanese: これら下品の3者は、一生に悪を造作し無間の非法するゆえに遇悪（ぐうあく）といい、下輩生想（げはいしょうそう）と称される。
English: People who do not criticize Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo Sutra, but are not ashamed of a lot of evil things they committed.
Japanese: 大乗方等経典を誹謗せずとも、多くの悪事を行って恥じ入ることのない者。
English: At the time of death, they listen to Kyodai (title of Buddhist scriptures) of Mahayana Buddhism Junibu-kyo (the Twelve Divisions of Scriptures) to expiate their 1000 heinous crimes and call upon myogo (name) of Amida to be granted pardon for their 500 million atrocious crimes, and then, meet Kebutsu (incarnation of Buddha) and go to the Pure Land.
Japanese: 臨終の時に大乗十二部経の経題を聞いて、1000劫の極重悪業を除き、また阿弥陀の名号を唱えると50億劫の生死の罪業を滅除し、化仏の来迎を受けて浄土へ往生する。
English: After 77 days later since they arrived there, lotus flowers are in full bloom and they listen to monpo (the teachings of Buddha) from Kannon (Deity of Mercy) and Seishi (bodhisattva) and understand them, which arises deep devotion to Buddha in their mind and after a long time, they can entered the first stage of Bosatsu.
Japanese: 77日後に蓮華が開敷し、勢至や観音から聞法信解して菩提心を起し、10小劫を経て菩薩の初地に入るという。
English: People who violate five and eight commandments and gusokukai (entire precepts), steal assets of monks, and are not ashamed of preaching something against Buddha.
Japanese: 五戒・八戒・具足戒を犯し、僧祇物（そうぎぶつ）を偸盗し、不浄の説法をして恥じ入ることのない者。
English: At the time of death, the moment they are going to hell, they listen to jurikiitoku (dignity), koumeishintsu (light on everything, which can salvage people reciting sutra) and gobuhosshin (five steps for ascetic practice) of Amida Buddha, so, they are granted a pardon for their 800 million atrocious crimes.
Japanese: 臨終の時に、まさに地獄に堕さんとした時、阿弥陀仏の十力威徳、光明神通、五分法身（ごぶほっしん）を聞いて、80億劫の生死の罪業を滅除される。
English: A flame in the hell turns to be flowers in the heaven and they listen to teachings from Kannon and Seishi bodhisattva, and then, they have an aspiration that they want to reach enlightenment.
Japanese: そして、地獄の火炎が変じて天華となり、観音や勢至の説法を聞き無上道心を起すという。
English: At the time of death, they are aware of what good deeds are and faintly listen to teachings of Buddha, and then they try to recite sutra, but they can not do that because of struggling with labored breath.
Japanese: 臨終の時に善知識に遇い、仏の微妙なる法を聞いて、仏を念じようとしても、苦しみに喘ぎ念じることができない。
English: Soon after, they can be granted a pardon for their 800 million atrocious crimes and go to the Pure land seeing golden lotus flowers.
Japanese: すると、念々に80億劫の生死の罪業を滅除し、金の蓮華を見て往生することができる。
English: After a long time, lotus flowers are full bloomed covering the floor and they listen to teachings from Kannon and Seishi, and then, the greatest faith in Buddha comes to them.
Japanese: 12大劫を経て蓮華が開敷し、観音や勢至の説法を聞いて、無上の菩提心を起すという。
English: The seated statue of the Rushana-butsu in the Todai-ji Temple is a Buddha statue generally known as the 'Great Buddha of Nara.'
Japanese: 東大寺盧舎那仏像（とうだいじるしゃなぶつぞう）は、一般に「奈良の大仏」として知られる仏像である。
English: Upon the wish of Emperor Shomu, the Rushana-butsu statue was started to build in 745, and a Kaigen kuyo-e ceremony (also called Tamashi ire ceremony [transferring soul ceremony]; an eye-opening ceremony to consecrate a newly made Buddhist statue) was hold in 752.
Japanese: 聖武天皇の発願で天平17年（745年）に制作が開始され、天平勝宝4年（752年）に開眼供養会（かいげんくようえ、魂入れの儀式）が行われた。
English: The present statue received extensive repair during the medieval and early modern periods which kept its original parts only in the pedestal, the stomach and some parts of the fingers.
Japanese: 現存する像は中世・近世の補修がはなはだしく、当初の部分は台座、腹、指の一部など、ごく一部が残るにすぎない。
English: The Great Buddha is officially called 'Rushana-butsu zazo' (the seated statue of the Birushana Buddha) and the Daibutsu-den 'Todaiji Kondo' (the main hall of Todai-ji Temple), however, they are described as 'the Great Buddha' and 'the Daibutsu-den' respectively in this section.
Japanese: 大仏の正式名称は「盧舎那仏坐像」、大仏殿の正式名称は「東大寺金堂」であるが、本項では以下「大仏」「大仏殿」と呼称することとする。
English: An official history 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and the records of the Todai-ji Temple 'Todaiji Yoroku' (The Digest Record of the Todai-ji Temple) tell us basically how the Great Buddha was constructed as follows.
Japanese: 正史「続日本紀」と東大寺の記録である「東大寺要録」によれば、大仏造立の経緯はおおむね次のとおりである。
English: 741: The Emperor Shomu issued a Mikotonori (imperial edict) for the construction of Kokubun-ji (a provincial temple) Temple and Kokubun-niji (a provincial nunnery temple).
Japanese: 741年（天平13年）-聖武天皇が国分寺・国分尼寺建立の詔（みことのり）を発する。
English: 743: The Emperor Shomu issued a Mikotonori to construct the Great Buddha at the Shigaraki no miya Palace located in Omi Province.
Japanese: 743年（天平15年）-聖武天皇が近江国紫香楽宮（しがらきのみや）にて大仏造立の詔を発する。
English: 745: The capital was returned in Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) after five years of the relocations from place to place such as the Kuni no miya Palace, the Shigaraki no miya Palace, and Naniwa no miya Palace.
Japanese: 745年（天平17年）-恭仁宮、紫香楽宮、難波宮を転々としていた都が5年ぶりに平城京に戻る。
English: May 30, 752: Lavish Kaigen kuyo-e (Tamashi ire ceremony) of the Great Buddha was held.
Japanese: 752年（天平勝宝4年）4月9日(旧暦)-大仏開眼供養会（魂入れの儀式）が盛大に開催される。
English: As stated previously, the Great Buddha was planned to be built in the present Koga City in Shiga Prefecture at first, rather than in Nara.
Japanese: 以上のように、大仏は当初、奈良ではなく、今の滋賀県甲賀市に造られる計画であった。
English: However, that construction plan was canceled due to some threatening events such as consecutive forest fires around Shigaraki no miya Palace, and the Great Buddha started to be built at the present location of the Daibutsu-den Hall of Todai-ji Temple at the same time with the return of the capital to the Heijo-kyo.
Japanese: しかし、紫香楽宮の周辺で山火事が相次ぐなど不穏な出来事があったために造立計画は中止され、都が平城京へ戻るとともに、現在、東大寺大仏殿がある位置での造立が開始された。
English: Among technical experts engaged in the production, KUNINAKA no Muraji Kimimaro (also known as KUNINAKA no Kimimaro) as a Daibusshi (master sculptor), TAKECHI no Okuni and TAKECHI no Mamaro as a Chushi (metal caster) and others were recorded.
Japanese: 制作に携わった技術者のうち、大仏師として国中連公麻呂（くになかのむらじきみまろ、国公麻呂とも）、鋳師として高市大国（たけちのおおくに）、高市真麻呂（たけちのままろ）らの名が伝わっている。
English: In the Kaigen Kuyo-e ceremony in 752, many important people attended such as Daijo Tenno (the retired emperor) Shomu (already abdicated from the throne), Empress Dowager Komyo, and Empress Koken.
Japanese: 天平勝宝4年の開眼供養会には、聖武太上天皇（すでに譲位していた）、光明皇太后、孝謙天皇をはじめとする要人が列席した。
English: From the name list of the priests attended the ceremony remaining in Shoso-in monjo (documents of Shoso-in Treasure Repository), it is known that it was no exaggeration to say '10,000 Buddhist priests.'
Japanese: 正倉院文書のうちには、この時列席した僧の名簿が残っており、「僧一万人」は誇張ではなかったことが知られる。
English: The brush used at the Kaigen (eye-opening) and the Gigaku-men Masks (masks for Gigaku, an ancient masked drama) used in the Gigaku performance for the dedication to the Great Buddha on that day, and others are present today as the Shoso-in treasures.
Japanese: 開眼の際に使用した筆や、当日大仏に奉納された伎楽に使用された伎楽面などは、正倉院宝物として現存している。
English: The original mold' completed in 746 was for a mold to make a statue in bronze.
Japanese: 天平18年（746年）に完成した「原型」とは、ブロンズ像を造るための原型である。
English: Around it, thin weaved branches or ropes, a kind of a 'kago' (woven basket), were wound up to make a general shape of the Great Buddha statue.
Japanese: これに細い枝や縄などを編んだものを巻きつけて「かご」のようなもので大仏全体のおおまかな形をつくる。
English: It was coated with rough soil then gradually minute one on the outer side.
Japanese: かぶせる土はきめの荒いものから塗り始め、だんだん外側へ行くにしたがって粒子の細かい土を塗っていく。
English: After the original clay mold was dried enough, an 'outside mold' (also known as megata in Japanese), which covered the whole original mold, was to be made of clay as well.
Japanese: 原型の土が十分乾燥してから、今度は中型全体を覆うような形で「外型」（雌型）をやはり粘土でつくる。
English: Not to stick the Nakago mold and the outside, a method was supposed to be taken such as to insert a thin paper or to sprinkle mica between them.
Japanese: 中型と外型が接着しないように、薄い紙をはさむ、あるいは雲母をまくなど、何らかの方法が取られたはずである。
English: The once removed outside mold was put together again, and melted copper was poured into the space between the inside and outside molds.
Japanese: 一度はずした外型をふたたび組み合わせ、外型と中型のすき間に溶けた銅を流し込む。
English: Because the Great Buddha was designed to be a gigantic statue, it had to be divided into a total of eight sections from legs to the head, requiring two years to be cast.
Japanese: 大仏の場合、巨像であるため、脚の部分から頭部まで全部で8段に分け、丸2年かけて鋳造したことが知られる。
English: It is supposed that there were many other processes such as some techniques to prevent gaps between the outside and inside molds, finishing surface after casting, installing of tightly-curled hair knots and the plating with gold.
Japanese: が、外型と中型がずれないようにするための工夫、鋳造後の表面の仕上げ、螺髪の取り付け、鍍金（金メッキ）など、他にも多くの工程があたものと思われる。
English: It would seem to be unimaginably difficult to overcome the physical demands in the construction of such a gigantic Great Buddha statue.
Japanese: これだけの巨像を造立するには想像を絶する困難があったものと思われる。
English: It was said that many workers lost their lives through working accidents and mercury poisoning which was used as a solvent in the plating process during construction.
Japanese: 作業中の事故や、鍍金の溶剤として用いられた水銀の水銀中毒により多くの人命が失われたとも言われている。
English: In addition, the structure of the statue is close to the modern expressional term of the Monocoque (French for "single shell") structure because the statue gained material strength through a single mold casting (as for the metal crust).
Japanese: また像自身（金属外皮のみ）で強度を得ているため、現代的表現ではモノコック構造に近い構造物となっている。
English: In appearance, we can't distinguish from the statue of the Great Buddha and other Nyorai (Tathagata) such as Shaka Nyorai (Shakyamuni), but the Great Buddha is a Birushana-butsu (Birushana Buddha).
Japanese: 大仏は姿の上では釈迦如来など他の如来像と区別がつかないが、盧舎那仏という名の仏である。
English: Birushana-butsu was a Buddha teacher who had been taught in the Kegon-kyo (Avatamsaka Sutra; a body of Buddhist scriptures which were formed in Central Asia before and after 400 A.D., and it was brought to Japan via China), and was described as the head of a religious sect of 'the Lotus Matrix World' by the Kegon-kyo.
Japanese: 盧舎那仏は、華厳経（西暦400年前後に中央アジアで成立し、中国経由で日本へもたらされた仏教経典）に説かれる仏で、華厳経に言う「蓮華蔵世界」の教主である。
English: Although the thought of the Kegon-kyo was profound and difficult to comprehend, on the extremely whole, the Emperor Shomu enshrined Birushana-butsu inside the Todai-ji Temple of the head of provincial temples.
Japanese: 華厳経の思想はきわめて深遠かつ難解であるが、ごく概括的に言えば、聖武天皇は日本の総国分寺である東大寺に廬舎那仏を安置する。
English: It is thought that he aimed Japan to be an ideal world like 'the Lotus Matrix World' in this effort.
Japanese: このことによって、日本の国土を華厳経の「蓮華蔵世界」のような理想的世界にしようという意図があったものと思われる。
English: In 741, the Emperor Shomu issued an order of Mikotonori to build the Kokubun-ji Temple and Kokubun-niji Temple in each province.
Japanese: 聖武天皇は天平13年（741年）の詔で、国ごとに国分寺と国分尼寺を造ることを命じた。
English: The Todai-ji Temple was the Kokubun-ji Temple in Yamato Province, also placed as the head of provincial temples in Japan.
Japanese: そして、東大寺は大和国の国分寺であるとともに、日本の総国分寺と位置づけられた。
English: Several major temples were built in the Heijo-kyo such as Gango-ji Temple, Yakushi-ji Temple, and Kofuku-ji Temple, and successive emperors deeply believed in Buddhism.
Japanese: 平城京には元興寺、薬師寺、興福寺などの大寺が建立されており、歴代の天皇は仏教を篤く信仰していた。
English: In these national policy of seikyoitchi (unity of religion and politics), the 'Konkomyo Saisho-o kyo' (translated into 10 volumes by Gijo, also known as I Ching or Yi Jing, a Tang Dynasty Buddhist monk), a set of Buddhist scriptures to guard the nation, was valued.
Japanese: こうした政教一致ともいうべき国家体制のなかで重視されたのが、国を護る経典である「金光明最勝王経」（10巻、唐僧の義浄訳）であった。
English: According to this Buddhist scriptures, Shitenno (four guardian kings who are Goho zenjin [good gods protecting dharma]) come to a king who believes in this scriptures to protect the nation.
Japanese: 同経の説くところによれば、この経を信じる国王のもとには、仏教の護法善神である四天王が現われ、国を護ることになっている。
English: Emperor Shomu ordered the construction of Kokubun-ji Temples for every corner of Japan and enshrined the statue of Shakyamuni and Konkomyo Saisho-o kyo Sutra.
Japanese: 聖武天皇は、日本のすみずみにまで国分寺を建て、釈迦像を安置し、金光明最勝王経を安置する。
English: By doing this, he intended to stabilize the nation.
Japanese: このことによって、国家の安定を図ろうとする意図があったものと思われる。
English: In the early eighth century when the Emperor Shomu was acceding to the throne, precisely during the Tenpyo period (710 - 794), Japan lacked stability.
Japanese: 聖武天皇が位についていた8世紀前半、すなわち天平時代の日本は決して安定した状況にはなかった。
English: In 737, four brothers of the FUJIWARA family, FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, Fusasaki, Umakai, and Maro who were central to the politics of the day, subsequently passed away by smallpox which raging at that time.
Japanese: 天平9年（737年）には、当時の政治の中枢にいた藤原武智麻呂・房前（ふささき）・宇合（うまかい）・麻呂の四兄弟が、当時猛威をふるっていた天然痘（疫病）で相次いでこの世を去った。
English: In 734, a massive earthquake caused extensive damage, then in 740, the preceding year when the Emperor Shomu issued a Mikotonori to construct the Kokubun-ji Temples, the FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu War occurred.
Japanese: 天平6年（734年）には大地震で大きな被害があり、国分寺建立の詔の出る前年の天平12年（740年）には九州で藤原広嗣の乱が発生する。
English: It is estimated that there was a wish of the Emperor Shomu to remove these social unrests and stabilized the nation behind the construction of the Kokubun-ji Temples and the Great Buddha in Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 聖武天皇による国分寺の建立、東大寺大仏の造立には、こうした社会不安を取り除き、国を安定させたいという願いが背景にあったものと推測されている。
English: In 752, the casting of the Great Buddha was completed and the Kaigen-e ceremony of the Great Buddha was held in grand style by the priest, Bodai Senna, from Tenjiku (present, India), as a doshi (ceremony leader).
Japanese: 天平勝宝4年（752年）に、大仏の鋳造が終了し、天竺（現在のインド）出身の僧・菩提僊那を導師として大仏開眼会（かいげんえ）が盛大に挙行された。
English: After the casting of the Great Buddha, the Daibutsu-den was started to be built to be completed in 758.
Japanese: そして、大仏鋳造が終わってから大仏殿の建設工事が始められ、竣工したのは天平宝字2年（758年）のことである。
English: However, these major construction projects depleted the national budget and worsened the Japanese financial condition.
Japanese: だが、このような大規模な建設工事は国費を浪費させ、日本の財政事情を悪化させる。
English: Thus, there were always vagabonds and deaths from starvation in the Heijo-kyo, and Soyocho (a tax system, corvee: in Feudal Law, an obligation to perform certain services, the repair of roads, for the lord or sovereign) led to the near collapse of some regions.
Japanese: 平城京内では浮浪者や餓死者が後を絶たず、租庸調の税制が崩壊寸前になる地方も出る。
English: TACHIBANA no Naramaro, who was arrested on August 8, confessed the revolt for the investigation by FUJIWARA no Nagate as follows.
Japanese: 7月4日に逮捕された橘奈良麻呂は、藤原永手の聴取に対して、次のように謀反を白状した。
English: Here, Nakamaro had no ready answer since Nagate refuted as follows.
Japanese: ここで、永手は、次のように反論したため、奈良麻呂は返答に詰まったと言う。
English: In the first place, the construction of the Todai-ji Temple started during the lifetime of your father, TACHIBANA no Moroe.'
Japanese: 「そもそも東大寺の建立が始まったのは、そなたの父（橘諸兄）の時代である。」
English: However, the fact that the Todai-ji Temple was used as a pretext for the rebellion showed the construction of the Todai-ji Temple itself aimed to realize only the Emperor's ideal.
Japanese: しかしながら、反乱の口実に東大寺が利用された、ということは、東大寺建立自体が、天皇の理想を実現させるだけのためにであったということである。
English: This was a tremendous project without any thought of problems such as its actual work situation, the financial circumstances, and so on.
Japanese: また、実際の労働状況や財政事情等の問題点を度外視した途方もない一大プロジェクトであった。
English: In an earthquake in 855, the head of the Great Buddha fell off the statue, but was repaired soon after.
Japanese: 斉衡2年（855年）の地震では首が落ちるという事故があったが、ほどなく修理されている。
English: Later, the Great Buddha and the Daibutsu-den were twice consumed by fire during the period of the Genpei War and the Sengoku period (period of warring states) respectively.
Japanese: その後大仏および大仏殿は、源平争乱期と、戦国時代の2回、兵火で焼失している。
English: The first destruction occurred in 1180; the war by TAIRA no Shigehira (Nanto Yakiuchi [the Incident of the Taira clan's army setting fire to the temples in Nanto, Nara]) burnt down the entire Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 1回目は治承4年（1180年）の平重衡の兵火（南都焼討）によるもので、この時には興福寺が全焼となった。
English: At this occasion, Chogen SHUNJYOBO (1121 - 1206), a priest in the position of Daikanjin (priest to collect contributions) made every effort to revive the Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: この時、大勧進職として東大寺再興に奔走したのは俊乗坊重源（しゅんじょうぼうちょうげん、1121年-1206年）という僧であった。
English: Kanjin' (temple solicitation) was originally meant to promote a relationship with the Buddha, and then turned to be to collect contribution for the revival of a temple.
Japanese: 「勧進」とは仏と縁を結ぶように勧めることで、転じて寺院の再興などのために寄付を集めること。
English: Chogen gained the cooperation of CHIN Nakei, a metal caster who visited Japan from Sung in this period, and others in completing the revival of the Great Buddha.
Japanese: 重源は当時来日していた宋の鋳工・陳和卿（ちんなけい）らの協力を得て、大仏を再興された。
English: In addition, in 1195, the Rakkei hoyo (a memorial service to celebrate the construction of a temple) of the Daibutsu-den was held in the presence of the Emperor Gotoba, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, Masako HOJO, and so on.
Japanese: また、大仏殿の落慶法要は建久6年（1195年）、後鳥羽天皇、源頼朝、北条政子らの臨席のもと行われた。
English: The second destruction of the Great Buddha and the Daibutsu-den was the direct result of the war by Hisahide MATSUNAGA (for the details of the war, please refer to the battle of the Daibutsu-den of the Todai-ji temple) in 1567.
Japanese: 大仏と大仏殿の2回目の焼失は永禄10年（1567年）、松永久秀の兵火（この時の詳しい戦いの様子は東大寺大仏殿の戦いを参照）によるものであった。
English: The Daibutsu-den was reconstituted with-in a temporary temple, however, was collapsed during severe winds in 1610.
Japanese: 大仏殿はとりあえず仮堂で復興したが、それも慶長15年（1610年）に大風で倒壊した。