nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Naturally, Godaigo worked on the court management system, speedy court case processing and recruitment of useful human resources that past Chiten had worked on, but he also worked on financial measures such as Koshu-ho (Law defining the price of rice and sake), Jiguchisen-ka to Rakuchu (extra tax on houses and fields in central Kyoto) but he also tried to enlarge the power base of the Imperial Court itself by actively working on areas that the authority of past Chiten did not reach and issued Rakuchu Shuroyaku Fuka-rei, Shinjin Koji Teishi-rei, Sekishoteishi-rei, etc.
Japanese: これまで歴代の治天が進めてきた訴訟処理機構の整備や迅速な訴訟処理、有為な人材の登用などは当然であるが、後醍醐は、沽酒法（米価・酒価公定令）、洛中への地口銭賦課などの経済政策にも取り組み、さらには洛中酒鑪役賦課令、神人公事停止令、関所停止令などを発して、それまで治天の権限の及ばなかった領域へも積極的に手を伸ばして朝廷自体の権力基盤の拡大をも目指した。
English: However, such new measures naturally did not attain sufficient results because of resistance from aristocrats, large temples and shrines that had their privileges infringed upon and the restrictions imposed by the bakufu, which was strengthening its character as a united national government.
Japanese: しかし、このような新政策は、当然、既得権を侵害される貴族・大寺社の抵抗や全国統一政権としての性格を強めつつあった幕府の規制を受けて充分な成果を挙げることはできなかった。
English: Additionally, Godaigo was isolated within the Imperial Court and there were insufficient human resources to work as his hands and feet.
Japanese: また、後醍醐は朝廷内部で孤立しており、手足となって働く人材が不足していた。
English: The aristocrats that have established the lineage (lineage of reputable families) of who becomes Tenso, Bugyo, and other practical positions in the court management system of the Imperial Court that had been worked on since the cloistered government of Gosaga, had already tied master-subordinate relationships with one of the Imperial lines.
Japanese: 後嵯峨院政以来整備されてきた朝廷の訴訟処理機構で伝奏や奉行などの役職に就き実務を担う家柄（名家の家柄）を確立させてきた貴族たちは、すでにいずれかの皇統に組織されてそれぞれ主従関係を結んでいた。
English: Aristocrats subordinate to the Jimyoin line naturally did not cooperate with Godaigo, but many of the aristocrats subordinate to Daikakuji line preferred the direct descendent Kuniyoshi to the 'One-generation-head' Godaigo.
Japanese: 持明院統に仕える貴族たちが後醍醐に協力しなかったのはもちろん、大覚寺統に仕える貴族たちも多くは「一代主」でしかない後醍醐よりも嫡流の邦良に仕えることを選んだ。
English: Those who worked for Godaigo were people who had a personal relationship with him through study, arts, religion, etc., and were mainly people who were descended from lower class families who wanted their family lines to become premier lineages.
Japanese: 後醍醐に仕えたのは、学問や芸能、信仰などを通じて後醍醐と個人的なつながりのあった者や、新たに名家の家柄への上昇を目指す低い家格の家系の出身者が中心だった。
English: Not being able to accept that he was in the position of a 'One-generation-head' and not being to sufficiently implement his idealized measures, he selected the path of destroying the existing political order by force as a way of breaking out.
Japanese: 「一代主」の立場を甘受することもできず、自らが理想とする政策を充分に実現することもできなかった後醍醐は、唯一の突破口として武力により既存の政治秩序を根こそぎ破壊する道を選ぶことになる。
English: In those times, the will of parents regarding inheritance had absolute effectiveness and even the court at the bakufu or Imperial court could not easily upturn that decision.
Japanese: 当時、相続に関して父母の遺言は絶対的な効力を持っており、幕府や朝廷の法廷でも容易にそれを覆すことはできなかったほどである。
English: It was difficult to change the succession plan for the Imperial Throne that was determined by Gouda using normal measures.
Japanese: 後宇多の定めた皇位継承プランを尋常の手段で変更することは難しかった。
English: Since Ryoto tetsuritsu was a bakufu policy, it was natural that the bakufu was included as Godaigo's offensive target
Japanese: まして、両統迭立が幕府の方針として明確にされている以上、後醍醐の攻撃対象に幕府も含まれることになるのは必然的だったと言える。
English: It was September, 1324 when Godaigo's first armed bakufu overthrow plan was uncovered.
Japanese: 後醍醐の第1次の武力倒幕計画が発覚したのは、元亨4年9月のことだった。
English: The death of Gouda was in June 1324, so the timing was as if he had waited for his father's death.
Japanese: 後宇多の死去が同年6月であるから、まるで父の死を待っていたかのようなタイミングである。
English: Since in December of that year the name of the year was changed to Seichu, so this is called the "Seichu Incident."
Japanese: この年は12月に正中(日本)と改元されたので、これを正中の変と呼ぶ。
English: The plan was leaked to the bakufu and some participating members were killed, while some were arrested, but in the end, only Godaigo's aide, Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sado among the Imperial Court relations and Godaigo was not accused of any crimes.
Japanese: 計画は事前に幕府に漏れ、参画した者はある者は殺害され、ある者は逮捕されたが、結局、朝廷関係者では、後醍醐の側近日野資朝が佐渡に配流されただけで後醍醐は罪を問われなかった。
English: Kuniyoshi was not on friendly terms with Godaigo and since the Seichu Incident, he had appealed to the bakufu to have Godaigo abdicate as soon as possible, but he died suddenly in 1326 (at age 27).
Japanese: 後醍醐と不和になっていた邦良は、正中の変以後、後醍醐を早期に譲位させるようたびたび幕府に請願していたが、正中4年（1326年）に急死してしまう（27歳）。
English: The position of Crown Prince was fought over by Kazuhito, the direct heir of the Jimyoin line, Kunimi, who was the younger brother with the same mother of Tsuneaki and Kuniyoshi Shinno who lost their chances to become Crown Prince after Gonijo died, and Godaigo's first son, Imperial Prince Takayoshi, and in the end, Kazuhito (aged 14) was designated Crown Prince by the bakufu's ruling.
Japanese: 持明院統の嫡子量仁のほか、後二条の死後に立太子の機会を逸した恒明、邦良の同母弟邦省親王、後醍醐の第1皇子尊良親王らが次の皇太子の座を争い、最終的には幕府の裁定で量仁（14歳）が皇太子に指名された。
English: Kuniyoshi also left a young son, and he was also in a position to be a strong rival of Godaigo in the future, and the position of Godaigo as a 'One-generation-head' was becoming even clearer under the authority of the bakufu and his tendency towards overthrowing the bakufu became stronger.
Japanese: 邦良も幼い男子を遺しており、彼らも将来は後醍醐の強力なライバルとなり得る立場にあって、後醍醐の「一代主」としての立場は幕府の権威のもとでますます明確となり、彼の倒幕志向もますます強まることになった。
English: Although Godaigo decided to lead a military uprising earlier than planned (Genko Incident), the bakufu started to arrest related people and moved large forces to suppress the revolt, so Godaigo eluded arrest by escaping Kyoto and joined his rebel army.
Japanese: 後醍醐は予定を早めて武装蜂起（元弘の変）に踏み切ったが、幕府は関係者の逮捕に着手するとともに、大軍を動員して鎮圧に乗り出し、後醍醐も逮捕されることを避けて京都を脱出し自ら叛乱軍に加わった。
English: The bakufu controlled Kyoto and immediately deposed Godaigo in absentia and Crown Prince Kazuhito (aged 19, Emperor Kogon) ascended the throne.
Japanese: 京都を制圧した幕府は、本人不在のまますぐに後醍醐を廃位し、皇太子量仁（19歳、光厳天皇）を践祚させた。
English: Godaigo changed the name of the era to "Genko" in August just before his escape from Kyoto, but the bakufu did not recognize this change and continued to use the previous name, "Gentoku."
Japanese: この年8月、京都脱出の直前に後醍醐は元弘と改元しているが、幕府はこの改元も認めず、もとの元徳の元号をそのまま使用させた。
English: Shortly, Godaigo was captured and exiled to Oki as a traitor, following the example of Jokyu Disturbance.
Japanese: まもなく後醍醐は捕虜となり、承久の乱の先例に従って謀反人として隠岐に配流された。
English: Although it was not impossible for the Jimyoin line to monopolize the throne since the Daikakuji line was in a devastated state with Kuniyoshi's early death and Godaigo's rebellion, Gofushimi was true to the principle of Ryoto tetsuritsu in accord with the bakufu's wishes.
Japanese: 大覚寺統は邦良の早世と後醍醐の謀反とで壊滅状態にあり、持明院統が皇位を独占することも不可能ではなかったが、後伏見は幕府の意向もあって両統迭立の原則にあくまで忠実だった。
English: He asked the widow of Kuniyoshi, Baishi (princess of Gouda) to recommend the next Crown Prince as the acting head of the Daikakuji line.
Japanese: 邦良の未亡人である禖子（後宇多の皇女）を大覚寺統の家長に擬して、彼女に次期皇太子の推薦を要請したのである。
English: Baishi recommended Kuniyoshi's first prince, who was treated coldly by Godaigo, not allowed to have the coming-of -age ceremony until 12 and not yet officially named.
Japanese: 禖子は、後醍醐の冷遇のもとで12歳になるまで元服もできず、正式な命名もされていなかった邦良の第1王子を推薦した。
English: Baishi was given the position Nyoin (Sumeimonin) befitting her rank as the family head of the Daikakuji line, giving her a rank similar to Retired Emperor.
Japanese: 禖子も大覚寺統の家長にふさわしく女院（崇明門院）の地位を与えられて上皇に准じる立場に就けられた。
English: Under the regency of Sumeimonin, Yasuhito became Crown Prince and the Daikakuji line was reestablished with the support of the Jimyoin line.
Japanese: 崇明門院の後見のもと、康仁が皇太子となり、持明院統の支援で大覚寺統は再建されたのである。
English: After the Genko Incident ended in failure, guerilla like resistance continued under Godaigo's son, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and Masashige KUSUNOKI, and gradually the size and region increased until it was a true insurrection.
Japanese: 元弘の変が失敗に終わったあとも、幕府の追及を逃れた後醍醐の皇子護良親王、楠木正成らのゲリラ的抵抗運動は続き、規模的にも地域的にも次第に純然たる叛乱へと拡大していった。
English: In 1333, Godaigo escaped Oki and stayed at Hoki, indicating his wishes to directly participation the insurrection and widely made a call for participation among the armed groups around the country.
Japanese: 正慶2年（1333年）には後醍醐が隠岐を脱出して伯耆に滞在し、自ら叛乱に参加する態度を示すとともに、広く各地の武士団に叛乱への参加を呼びかけた。
English: The bakufu moved a large force lead by Takaie NAGOE and Takauji ASHIKAGA, adding more soldiers in the Kinki region to contain the insurrection, but Takaie died in battle shortly after arriving in Kyoto and Takauji answered Godaigo's call to join the insurrection force.
Japanese: 幕府は名越高家と足利尊氏を総大将とする大軍を動員して近畿地方に増派し、叛乱の鎮圧をはかったが、高家は京都に着いてまもなく緒戦で戦死し、尊氏は後醍醐の呼びかけに応じて叛乱軍に参加した。
English: The effect that the Ashikaga clan, who were a prominent vassal of the Shogun after the Hojo clan in lineage and power, defected from the bakufu was very large and the insurrection rapidly engulfed the whole nation, with the Kamakura bakufu quickly reduced to disintegration.
Japanese: 北条氏に次ぐ家格と勢力を誇る有力御家人である足利氏が幕府から離反した影響は甚大で、叛乱は瞬く間に全国に波及、鎌倉幕府は短時日でもろくも崩壊してしまった。
English: Godaigo issued orders before his return to Kyoto and erased all political actions by the Imperial Court after the Genko Incident.
Japanese: 後醍醐は、京都に帰還するよりも早く命令を発して、元弘の変以後の朝廷の政治的行為をすべて取り消した。
English: It was natural that government affairs by Gofushimi were terminated and Kogon was deposed, but Godaigo did not even recognize that he was deposed in 1331, and took the stance that he was ruling during the whole time he was exiled in Oki, so therefore there was "no accession nor rule" of Kogon.
Japanese: 後伏見の政務が停止され、光厳が廃位されたのは当然であるが、後醍醐はそもそも元徳3年に自分が廃位された事実自体を認めず、隠岐に流されていた間も自分はずっと天皇に在位していたという立場をとり、従って光厳の即位と在位も“なかったこと”にされた。
English: Godaigo knew well that Gouda's will was still in effect and if he recognized that he had abdicated, he might lose eligibility to rule as Chiten or pass the throne on to his descendants.
Japanese: 後宇多の遺言はなお有効であり、いったん自らの退位を認めてしてしまえば、治天として政務を執る資格も子孫に皇位を伝える資格も失われかねないことを後醍醐はよく承知していたのである。
English: It was clearly indicated that Kogon was given the title and privileges of the retired emperor but not as preferential treatment for being the former Emperor, but as a prize for refraining the position of Crown Prince.
Japanese: 光厳にはいちおう上皇の称号と待遇が与えられたが、それは通例の前天皇に対する優遇措置ではなく、あくまでも皇太子の地位を辞退したことに対する褒賞であることが明示された。
English: The next year, 1334, saw Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi (aged 12) as Crown Prince and the position of the Jimyoin line as a Emperor's line was completely negated, and here the Ryoto tetsuritsu that spanned three generations and continued over 50 years came to an end.
Japanese: 翌元弘4年（1334年）には後醍醐の皇子恒良親王（12歳）が皇太子に立てられ、持明院統の皇統としての地位は完全に否定され、3世代、50年以上にわたった両統迭立はここに終焉した。
English: The new Godaigo government collapsed in 1336 due to Takauji ASHIKAGA's defection and the cloistered government by Kogon was initiated by Takauji's request (Gofushimi died in the same year at 49), and Kogon's brother Toyohito (aged 16, Emperor Komei) ascended the throne and the Crown Prince was not the deposed prince Yasuhito or Kogon's first son Prince Okihito (aged 3), but Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Nariyoshi (aged 12).
Japanese: 後醍醐の新政権が足利尊氏の離反により建武(日本)3年（1336年）に崩壊すると、尊氏の奏請により光厳の院政が開始され（後伏見はこの年49歳で死去している）、光厳の同母弟豊仁（16歳、光明天皇）が践祚したが、皇太子に立てられたのは、廃太子康仁でも、光厳の第1皇子興仁（3歳）でもなく、後醍醐の皇子成良親王（12歳）であった。
English: Godaigo was officially given the title and privileges of the retired emperor as the previous Emperor and Godaigo had the possibility of ruling as Chiten in the future.
Japanese: 後醍醐には正式な前天皇としての上皇の称号と待遇が与えられ、これで後醍醐には将来治天として政務を執る可能性が生じることになった。
English: These measures were taken under the wishes of Takauji, who wanted to extract concessions from Godaigo and have him cooperate with Takauji's new government, but Godaigo refused any compromises and immediately escaped Kyoto to establish his own imperial court in Yoshino.
Japanese: このような措置は、後醍醐から譲歩を引き出し、自らの新政権に協力させたい尊氏の意向によるものであったが、後醍醐はいっさいの妥協を拒み、すぐに京都を脱出して吉野に自らの朝廷を樹立した。
English: The Imperial family made a clear transition from the Ryoto tetsuritsu era to the Northern and Southern Dynasties era.
Japanese: 王家は両統迭立の時代から南北朝並立の時代へはっきりと転換したのである。
English: Nariyoshi had no value and was deposed as Crown Prince and in 1338, Okihito (aged 5, later Emperor Suko) was made Crown Prince.
Japanese: 利用価値のなくなった成良はまもなく皇太子を廃され、建武5年（1338年）には興仁（5歳、のちの崇光天皇）が皇太子に立てられた。
English: The concept of Ryoto tetsuritsu was again brought up upon the union of Northern and Southern Dynasties that Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA concluded in 1392.
Japanese: 明徳3年（1392年）に足利義満がまとめた南北朝合一に際しても、両統迭立の理念が再度持ち出された。
English: Ryoto tetsuritsu, after unification between the descendants of Emperor Gokomatsu of the Northern Dynasty and Gokameyama of the Southern Dynasty, was included as one of the unification conditions.
Japanese: 合一後は、北朝の後小松天皇の子孫と南朝の後亀山天皇の子孫とのあいだで両統迭立を行うことが、合一の条件に盛り込まれたのである。
English: However, judging from the power balance of both Southern and Northern Dynasties at that time, not only the Northern Dynasty but also the Southern Dynasty probably did not think this condition would be followed and in reality, it was not.
Japanese: もっとも、当時の南北両朝の力関係から言って、北朝側はもちろん、南朝側も、この条件が遵守されるとは考えていなかったはずであり、実際にも遵守されなかった。
English: However, this condition served as a reason for former Southern Dynasty Imperial family descendants and related people to continue on with resistance and insurrections against the Muromachi bakufu for around 100 years.
Japanese: しかし、この条件を口実として、旧南朝の皇族の子孫や旧南朝にゆかりのある人々による室町幕府に対する抵抗や叛乱がその後も100年にわたって相次いだ。
English: Emperor Kanmu, who established Heian-kyo, had many wives, concubines, and princes, and princesses, but the three princes that were thought to be in an advantageous position for Imperial succession were Ate, Kamino, and Otomo.
Japanese: 平安京を建設した桓武天皇には、多数の妻妾と多数の皇子女があったが、なかでも皇位継承についてもっとも有利な立場にあるとみなされていたのは、安殿、神野、大伴の3人の皇子であった。
English: Their mothers were all from the Fujiwara clan or related family who were empress or received similar treatment, and due to the wishes of Kanmu, they all had wives that were Imperial Princesses and their half-sisters with a different mother (Ate had two wives, Imperial Princess Asahara and Imperial Princess Oyake, Kamino had Imperial Princess Takatsu, and Otomo had Imperial Princess Koshi).
Japanese: 彼らはいずれも皇后もしくはそれに準じる待遇を受けた藤原氏藤原式家出身の女性を母とし、さらに桓武の意向で異母姉妹にあたる内親王を妻としていた（安殿は朝原内親王と大宅内親王の2人、神野は高津内親王、大伴は高志内親王）。
English: What the true wishes of Kanmu were by taking such measures that might lead to a complex competition for the Imperial succession by intentionally lining the three princes is unknown.
Japanese: 3人の皇子をあえて並び立たせ、将来複雑な皇位継承争いを引き起こしかねない措置をとった桓武の真意は不明である。
English: First, the first prince Ate was instated as Crown Prince in 785.
Japanese: まず、第1皇子である安殿が延暦4年（785年）に皇太子に立てられた。
English: He ascended the throne upon Kanmu's death in 806 as Emperor Heizei, and placed his brother Kamino, who shared the same mother, as Crown Prince.
Japanese: 彼は桓武の死を受けて延暦25年（806年）に即位（平城天皇）し、皇太子には同母弟の神野を立てた。
English: Heizei was not able to ignore the authority and existence that Kamino and Otomo had, because Asahara and Oyake did not have any children and all the other princes had lowly-born mothers.
Japanese: 平城は朝原と大宅の2人との間に子はなく、ほかの皇子たちはいずれも母の身分が低く、神野と大伴の隠然たる権威と存在感を無視することはできなかった。
English: Heizei had spent a long time as Crown Prince and had a certain degree of ideas about how to govern.
Japanese: 長期間皇太子で過ごした平城には、それなりに自らの施政に対する抱負があった。
English: Saga already had a son with Takatsu called Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, but Nariyoshi had a severe physical and mental congenital disability and was considered to have no possibility of attaining the throne.
Japanese: 嵯峨にはすでに高津との間に生まれた皇子業良親王がいたが、業良は先天的に心身に重篤な障碍を負っており、皇位継承は不可能とみなされていた。
English: Otomo had a son with Koshi called Imperial Prince Tsuneyo, but Heizei ignored the existence of the Otomo father and son and explicitly placed his son, Imperial Prince Takaoka as Crown prince.
Japanese: 大伴にも高志との間に恒世親王が生まれていたが、平城は大伴父子の存在を無視してあえて自分の皇子高岳親王を皇太子に立てた。
English: After abdicating and becoming the Retired Empreor, Heizei returned to his birthplace, Heijo-kyo, and when his health recovered slightly, he returned to ruling and started to use the rights of an emperor on his own accord.
Japanese: 退位して太上天皇となった平城は、生まれ故郷である平城京に移り住み、体調がやや回復すると再度政務に意欲を示し、独自に天皇としての権限を行使しはじめた。
English: Originally, a retired empreor was considered to hold the same and equivalent authority as an emperor, so it was considered natural that the retired emperor and emperor rule together since the first Retired Emperor Jito and Emperor Monmu.
Japanese: もともと太上天皇は天皇と同格かつ同等の権限を有するものとされ、最初の太上天皇である持統天皇と文武天皇以来、太上天皇と天皇が共同で執政することは当然のこととされていた。
English: However, this only functions smoothly when the retired emperor is a direct ancestor or equivalent to the emperor, but it only led to political confusion and conflict between Heizei and Saga because they were half brothers.
Japanese: しかし、これは太上天皇が天皇の直系尊属ないしそれに準じた立場を有する場合にこそ円滑に機能するものであり、同母兄弟である平城と嵯峨の間ではむしろ政治の混乱と両者の対立抗争の原因となった。
English: When in the next year, 810, Heizei commanded Saga to relocate the capital to Heijo-kyo, Saga decided to raise a coup d'etat.
Japanese: 翌弘仁元年（810年）、平城が平城京への遷都を嵯峨に命令すると、嵯峨は一気にクーデタに踏み切った。
English: Heizei was surprised at the turn of events and tried to make a comeback by escaping to the East Country, but was blocked by armed forces sent by Saga and defeated, he then relinquished all authority and became a priest.
Japanese: 平城は予想外の事態に驚き、東国へ逃れて再起しようとしたが、嵯峨の派遣した軍隊に進路を遮られて挫折、すべての権力を放棄して出家した。
English: Although Saga did not have any sons to select as Crown Prince anyway, it was a measure to respect the authority and existence of Otomo.
Japanese: 嵯峨に皇太子とすべき皇子がいないこともあったが、やはり大伴の権威と存在感を尊重したのである。
English: Saga paid great care in reconciling between brothers and tried to respect Otomo's position as much as possible so as not to repeat the conflict with Heizei that ended in armed confrontation.
Japanese: 嵯峨は平城と対立し武力衝突にまで至った轍を踏まないよう、兄弟の融和に細心の注意を払い、大伴の立場を最大限尊重することに努めた。
English: One sign was to wed his princess, Imperial Princess Masako to Otomo, but the most significant was when he abdicated the throne to Otomo in 824, he declined the position of Retired Emperor even if it was a position automatically assumed to be taken up by the abdicating emperor.
Japanese: 皇女正子内親王を大伴に嫁がせたこともそうであるが、その最大のものは、弘仁14年（824年）に大伴に譲位するに際して、もともと天皇が譲位とともに自動的にその地位につくものとされていた太上天皇の地位を辞退したことである。
English: After his abdication, he returned to his status as one of the Imperial family members, and publicly announced that he left all power to the coming Emperor Otomo (Emperor Junna).
Japanese: 退位後は一皇族の地位に降り、後任の天皇となる大伴（淳和天皇）に全権力を委ねることを表明したのである。
English: Of course Junna who accepted the abdication did not accept this, and after serious discussions between the two, it was decided in the end that Saga was to decline the position of retired emperor and then Junna was to present the title and privileges of retired emperor to Saga.
Japanese: 譲位を受けた淳和はもちろんこれを受け入れず、両者の間で押し問答があったが、結局、嵯峨がいったん太上天皇を辞退したうえで、あらためて淳和が嵯峨に太上天皇の称号と待遇を贈ることで決着した。
English: This led to a change in the position of retired emperor as a position to be given by the coming emperor, and established the superiority of the residing emperor, relieving the harmful effects of diarchy/dual power.
Japanese: このことで、太上天皇の地位は後任の天皇から与えられることに根拠を持つものに変質し、在位の天皇の優位性が確立して、二頭政治・二重権力の弊害は解消されることになった。
English: The reconciliation and mutual concession continued on, and was emphasized at every occasion.
Japanese: 嵯峨と淳和の融和と互譲はその後も続けられ、ことあるごとに強調された。
English: Upon the ascension of Junna, the prince Masara, who was born between Saga and Empress TACHIBANA no Kachiko, became Crown Prince.
Japanese: 淳和の即位に際しては嵯峨と皇后橘嘉智子との間に生まれた皇子正良が皇太子に立てられた。
English: In 833, Junna abdicated the throne to the Crown Prince Masara (Emperor Ninmyo) and here the declination of retired emperor by Junna and empress dowager by Empress Masako and the refusal by the new Emperor Ninmyo was repeated, and the Crown Prince was decided to be the prince born between Junna and Masako, Imperial Prince Tsunesada (Koshi and Tsuneyo had already died young).
Japanese: 天長10年（833年）に淳和が皇太子正良（仁明天皇）に譲位すると、ここでも淳和の太上天皇辞退・皇后正子の皇太后辞退と新天皇仁明による拒絶が繰り返され、皇太子には淳和と正子との間に生まれた皇子恒貞親王が立てられた（高志・恒世はともにすでに早世していた）。
English: However, such relationship between Saga and Junna was only a personal relationship of trust and was not accepted widely among the aristocracy.
Japanese: しかし、このような嵯峨と淳和の関係は、あくまでも2人の個人的な信頼関係にとどまり、貴族たちの広く受け入れるところとはならなかった。
English: When Junna died in 840 and Saga fell into critical condition in 842, this break up became apparent.
Japanese: 承和(日本)7年（840年）に淳和が死去し、承和9年（842年）に嵯峨が危篤に陥ると、この分裂はたちまち表面化した。
English: First, it is said that Togu-bo Tachihaki, TOMO no Kowamine and Tajima no Gon no kami (Provisional Governor of Tajima Province), TACHIBANA no Hayanari visited Heizei's son, Imperial Prince Abo and tried to convince him to go to the East and lead an insurrection.
Japanese: まず、春宮坊帯刀伴健岑と但馬権守橘逸勢の2人が、平城の皇子阿保親王のもとを訪れ、東国に赴いて叛乱を起こすことを勧めたとされる。
English: Abo had a bitter experience when his father was deposed and sent to Kyushu as Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), did not follow their advice and immediately reported this to Kachiko, who was the Grand Empress Dowager at that time.
Japanese: 阿保は、父の失脚のときに大宰権帥に左遷されて九州に移された苦い経験を持っていたので、このような話には乗らず、すぐに当時は太皇太后になっていた嘉智子に報告した。
English: Kachiko informed Ninmyo via Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and the arrest and punishment of associated people began.
Japanese: 嘉智子は中納言藤原良房を通じてこれを仁明に伝え、関係者の逮捕と処罰が開始された。
English: Kowamine and Hayanari both denied the charges but were exiled and aristocrats close to Junna were dismissed from office, and finally, Tsunesada was deposed as Crown Prince to take joint responsibility and he became a priest as Takaoka did in the past.
Japanese: 健岑と逸勢は容疑を否認したが結局流罪とされ、淳和に近い立場にいた貴族たちが解任され、ついには恒貞も連坐して皇太子の地位を追われ、かつての高岳と同じように出家した。
English: Since the positions of the chief plotters, Kowamine and Hayanari, were so low (and also from branch lines of lineages that would not even be a target for 'elimination of other clans by the Fujiwara clan') for planning such an insurrection and the people who were punished for being associated with the plan had no motives, there is a theory that proposes that the whole incident was made up.
Japanese: 首謀者である健岑と逸勢の地位が、このような謀反を計画するにはあまりにも低く（また、家系的にも傍流出身で「藤原氏による他氏排斥」の対象にもなり得ない）、また計画に関与したとしたとして処罰された人々も叛乱に荷担する動機が見当たらないことから、事件自体をでっちあげとみなす説もある。
English: In any case, the next Crown Prince was Ninmyo's first son, Michiyasu (later Emperor Montoku), and the Imperial line was united to the descendants of Saga.
Japanese: いずれにせよ、次の皇太子には仁明の第1皇子道康（のちの文徳天皇）が立てられ、皇統は嵯峨の子孫に一本化されることになった。
English: This incident was also the opportunity for Michiyasu's mother, FUJIWARA no Junshi's older brother Yoshifusa to grab hold of power.
Japanese: 道康の母藤原順子の兄である良房の権力掌握のきっかけとなった事件でもある。
English: As soon as Emperor Murakami ascended in 946, he placed a Crown Prince as soon as his second son Norihira was born in 950.
Japanese: 天慶9年（946年）に即位した村上天皇は、天暦4年（950年）に第2皇子憲平が生まれるとすぐに皇太子に立てた。
English: Whereas the first son Imperial Prince Hirohira was born in the same year to Chunagon FUJIWARA no Motokata's daughter, FUJIWARA no Sukehime, Norihira's mother was Udaijin (minister of the right) FUJIWARA no Morosuke's daughter, FUJIWARA no Anshi.
Japanese: 同年に生まれた第1皇子広平親王が中納言藤原元方の娘藤原祐姫を母としていたのに対し、憲平は右大臣藤原師輔の娘藤原安子を母としていた。
English: In 958, Anshi became Empress because she was the Crown Prince's mother and also was Murakami's favorite.
Japanese: 安子は皇太子の母であることにより天徳(日本)2年（958年）に皇后に立てられ、村上の寵愛も篤かった。
English: Norihira married Imperial Princess Shoshi, the only daughter of Emperor Suzaku, who was the emperor before Murakami, and strengthened his position.
Japanese: 憲平は、村上の先代朱雀天皇のひとり娘である昌子内親王と結婚し、その立場はさらに強化された。
English: However, as he grew up, the mental state of Norihira was altered and he started to show signs of madness.
Japanese: しかし、成長するにつれて憲平の精神はしだいに変調をきたし、狂気の兆候をあらわすようになっていった。
English: However, since he was the first son of the Empress and the son-in-law of the previous Emperor, with support from influential maternal relatives, Murakami could not make the decision to disinherit Norihira.
Japanese: それでも、皇后の長男であり、先帝の女婿であり、有力な外戚に支えられた憲平を廃嫡する決断は村上には結局できなかった。
English: Murakami died in 967, and Norihira ascended the throne at 18 (Emperor Reizei).
Japanese: 村上は康保4年（967年）に死去し、18歳の憲平が践祚した（冷泉天皇）。