nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: His monument of honor says, 'Moving like the lightning, speaking like the storm, all are astonished and none dare face him. This is our Togyo Takasugi.'
Japanese: 顕彰碑には｢動けば雷電の如く発すれば風雨の如し､衆目駭然､敢て正視する者なし｡これ我が東行高杉君に非ずや...｣とある。
English: Novelist Ryotaro SHIBA has pointed out that Shinsaku had his origin in 'Takasugi-jo Castle' in present Takasugi, Miyoshi City, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 小説家の司馬遼太郎は現在の広島県三次市高杉の｢高杉城｣を晋作のルーツであると指摘している。
English: This Takasugi-jo Castle is said to be the castle ruins of hafurishi, people involved in Shinto rituals under the control of the Eda clan.
Japanese: この高杉城は江田氏の配下にあった祝（はふりし）という神事に関わっていた人々の城跡という。
English: At this former castle site, descendants of Shinsaku established a monument in 1935, indicating that Shinsaku was the thirteenth descendant of the Takasugi clan.
Japanese: こちらの城跡には高杉晋作が高杉氏の13代目の子孫であることを示す碑が晋作の子孫により昭和10年(1935年)に建立された。
English: Both castles of Takasugi seem to be associated with Shinsaku, but it is not clear which theory is correct.
Japanese: どちらの高杉城も晋作とかかわりあるとおもわれるがはっきりしたことはわからない。
English: There is also a theory presuming that the Takasugi clan was a vassal of the Takeda clan, military governors of Aki Province, and involved in some Shinto rituals.
Japanese: 高杉氏は安芸の守護職武田氏の配下でなんらかの神事に関わっていた一族だろうと推測する説もある。
English: Ogai MORI (February 17, 1862 - July 9, 1922) was a novelist, critic, translator, playwright, surgeon of the Imperial Army and Bureaucrat (Senior Official First Class).
Japanese: 森鷗外（もりおうがい、文久2年1月19日(旧暦)（1862年2月17日）-大正11年（1922年）7月9日）は、明治・大正期の小説家、評論家、翻訳家、劇作家、帝国陸軍軍医、官僚（高等官一等）。
English: After graduation, he became an army surgeon and spent four years in Germany as an overseas student under the Department of War.
Japanese: 大学卒業後、陸軍軍医になり、陸軍省派遣留学生としてドイツで4年過ごした。
English: After coming back to Japan, he published a book of songs "Omokage" (Vestiges), a novel "Maihime" (The Dancing Girl) and a translated book "Sokkyo Shijin" (Improvising Poet), and also began to issue a literary magazine "Shigarami Soshi" (Constraint Brochure) by himself to start his career as a writer.
Japanese: 帰国後、訳詩編『於母影』、小説『舞姫』、翻訳『即興詩人』を発表し、また自ら文芸雑誌『しがらみ草紙』を創刊して文筆活動に入った。
English: After that, he became Army Surgeon General (equivalent to Lieutenant General), and temporarily withdrew from creative activities, but he later began to issue "Subaru" (a literary magazine), then wrote "Vita Sexualis," "'The Wild Geese" (novel) and so on.
Japanese: その後、軍医総監（中将相当）となり、一時期創作活動から遠ざかったが、『スバル(文芸雑誌)』創刊後に『ヰタ・セクスアリス』『雁(小説)』などを執筆。
English: After publishing "The Last Testament of Okitsu Yagoemon" inspired by the incident of Maresuke NOGI followed his master to his grave, he wrote the historical novels such as "The Abe Clan" and "Takasebune" (The Boat on the River Takase) and a biography based on a historical evidence, "Chusai SHIBUE."
Japanese: 乃木希典の殉死に影響されて『興津弥五右衛門の遺書』発表後は、『阿部一族』『高瀬舟(小説)』などの歴史小説、史伝『渋江抽斎』を書いた。
English: Further, he successively assumed office as Director of Imperial Museum (Present Tokyo National Museum, Nara National Museum and Kyoto National Museum) and the first director of Imperial Art Academy (present The Japan Art Academy).
Japanese: なお、帝室博物館（現在の東京国立博物館、奈良国立博物館、京都国立博物館）総長や帝国美術院（現日本芸術院）初代院長なども歴任した。
English: He was born at Tsuwano-cho, Iwami Province (present Shimane Prefecture) on February 17, 1862.
Japanese: 1862年2月17日（文久2年1月19日）、石見国津和野町(現島根県)で生まれた。
English: In the Mori family who successively served as goteni (doctor hired by the bakufu) for Lord KAMEI of Tsuwano Domain, his grandfather and father had both been adopted in the family as son-in-laws for lack of a male successor, so Ogai was the first heir born for a long time.
Japanese: 代々津和野藩主、亀井公の御典医をつとめる森家では、祖父と父を婿養子として迎えているため、久々の跡継ぎ誕生であった。
English: Also, as his grandfather Hakusen had died of disease the previous year at Tsuchiyama-juku Station on the Tokaido road, his grandmother was particularly delighted with Ogai's birth, looking at him as reincarnation of his grandfather, and it is said that later, whenever he safely came back to Japan from his study abroad or the front she would shed silent tears.
Japanese: また前年、祖父の白仙が東海道の土山宿で病死したため、とくに祖母は鴎外を白仙の生まれ変わりといって喜び、後年、鴎外が留学と出征から無事帰国するたびに、はらはらと涙を落としたという。
English: As the heir of a Hani (doctor working at a public clinic), he had learned the Analects of Confucius, The Book of Mencius, Dutch and so on from childhood, and repeatedly read shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, the Nine Chinese Classics) at Yoro College, a hanko (domain school).
Japanese: 藩医の嫡男として、幼い頃から論語や孟子やオランダ語などを学び、藩校の養老館では四書五経を復読。
English: From records of the time, his academic ability at 9 was said to be the same level as a 15 year-old, so his family and those around him, amidst the upheaval of Meiji Restoration, put their hope in his future.
Japanese: 当時の記録から、9歳で15歳相当の学力と推測されており、激動の明治維新に家族と周囲から将来を期待されることになった。
English: In 1872 at the age of 10, prompted by the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures, he moved to Tokyo with his father, and the following year, the rest of his family also sold their residence and left their hometown to join them.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）、廃藩置県等をきっかけに10歳で父と上京し、翌年、住居などを売却して残る家族も故郷を離れた。
English: He entered the private Shinbungakusha school in October 1872 in order to learn German in preparation for admission to Kanritsu Igakko (National Medical School) where lectures were given in German by German instructors.
Japanese: 東京では、官立医学校（ドイツ人教官がドイツ語で講義）への入学に備え、ドイツ語を習得するため、1872年10月に私塾の進文学社に入った。
English: At the time, he lodged with philosopher Amane NISHI, a relative who was a High Governmental Official, because of the convenience for commuting.
Japanese: その際に通学の便から、政府高官の親族西周(啓蒙家)（にし・あまね）の邸宅に寄食した。
English: Having had such a childhood, Ogai was proficient enough in foreign languages to get the better of a German professor by bringing forward a counterargument in German.
Japanese: このような幼少期を過ごした鴎外は、ドイツ人学者にドイツ語で反論して打ち負かすほど、語学に堪能であった。
English: He used German and French a lot in his books and often took quotes from Chinese classics.
Japanese: 著作でドイツ語やフランス語などを多用しており、また中国古典からの引用も少なくない。
English: In addition, as a aid for those learning western languages, he added anecdotes to help memorize the derivation of words.
Japanese: なお、西洋語学を習得する秘訣として、作品内で語源を学習に役立てる逸話を記した。
English: He took the entrance exam and entered the preparatory school Daiichi Daigaku-ku Igakko (present University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine) in November 1873 at the age of 11, faking his age to be two years older than he really was.
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）11月、入校試問を受け、第一大学区医学校（現東京大学医学部）予科に実年齢より2歳多く偽り、11歳で入学。。
English: On July 4 1881, he graduated from the regular course at the age of just 19 (the youngest recorded age of graduation which has never been broken).
Japanese: 1881年（明治14年）7月4日、19歳で本科を卒業（今後も破られないであろう最年少卒業記録）。
English: He did not have the chance to remain at the university to become a researcher as he only ranked 8th in his graduating class, but went on to help out his father's clinic, all the time dreaming of visiting Germany as an overseas student with the Ministry of Education.
Japanese: 卒業席次が8番であり、大学に残って研究者になる道が閉ざされたものの、文部科学省派遣留学生としてドイツに行く希望を持ちながら、父の病院を手伝っていた。
English: A fellow pupil, Masanao KOIKE, who was concerned about Ogai being unable to progress to the next step, submitted a long, enthusiastic recommendation letter to Tadanori ISHIGURO, the vice-chief of the Medical Bureau of the Department of War requesting him to employ Ogai, and his closest friend Tsuruto KOGA (who had become a Army Surgeon like Masanao) also encouraged him to join the Department of War.
Japanese: その進路未定の状況を見かねた同窓生の小池正直は、陸軍省医務局次長の石黒忠悳に鴎外を採用するよう長文の熱い推薦状を出しており、また小池と同じく陸軍軍医になっていた親友の賀古鶴所（かこ･つると）は、鴎外に陸軍省入りを勧めていた。
English: In the end, Ogai was hired as Guni-fuku of Army (equivalent to lieutenant) to work at Tokyo Army Hospital from December 16 of that year.
Japanese: 結局のところ鴎外は、同年12月16日に陸軍軍医副（中尉相当）になり、東京陸軍病院に勤務した。
English: According to the memoirs of his younger sister, Kimiko KOGANEI, Ogai in his youth made depictions of Shikunshi (four plants with high virtue), sketched their courtyard and often went to the yose (storyteller theater) after coming back from work; she writes that he once took her, but left halfway through before the Rakugo story teller finished his nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment).
Japanese: なお妹、小金井喜美子の回想によれば、若き日の鴎外は、四君子を描いたり、庭を写生したり、職場から帰宅後しばしば寄席に出かけたり（喜美子と一緒に出かけたとき、ある落語家の長唄を聴いて中座）したという。
English: In May 1882, half a year after joining the Ministry, he was appointed among 8 graduates from the same class at the University of Tokyo to be the first to work at the medical bureau of Department of War, Faculty of Medicine, and engaged in research of literature on the Prussian army hygiene system, and as early as March of the following year submitted the entire twelve volumes of his work "Isei Zensho Kohon" (Manuscript of Medical Science) to the public office.
Japanese: 入省して半年後の1882年（明治15年）5月、東京大学医学部卒の同期8名の中で最初の陸軍省医務局付となり、プロイセンの陸軍衛生制度に関する文献調査に従事し、早くも翌年3月には『医政全書稿本』全十二巻を役所に納めた。
English: In June 1884, he completed a course on hygiene, and followed an order to go to Germany to look into the German Army's hygiene system.
Japanese: 1884年（明治17年）6月、衛生衛生学を修めるとともにドイツ陸軍の衛生制度を調べるため、ドイツ留学を命じられた。
English: On August 24, he left Yokohama Port as an overseas student under the Department of War and arrived at the Port of Marseille in France on October 7.
Japanese: 8月24日、陸軍省派遣留学生として横浜港から出国し、10月7日にフランスのマルセイユ港に到着。
English: Ogai spent his first year (from November 22, 1884 to October 11, 1885) in Leipzig, and not yet accustomed to his new life, was supported by the Vogel family who served him lunch and dinner.
Japanese: 最初の一年をすごしたライプツィヒ（1884年11月22日－翌年10月11日）で、生活に慣れていない鴎外を助けたのが、昼食と夜食をとっていたフォーゲル家の人達であった。
English: He also got along well with other lodgers such as Lucius 'The woman in black,' and was fortunate to have good colleagues and masters such as Franz Hoffmann at the Universität Leipzig.
Japanese: また、黒衣の女性ルチウスなど下宿人たちとも親しくつきあい、ライプツィヒ大学ではフランツ・ホフマンなど良き師と同僚に恵まれた。
English: In Dresden, capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, which he visited to watch military practice, he went to Dresden Art Museum to view 'Madonna of San Sisto' by Raffaello Santi.
Japanese: 演習を観るために訪れたザクセン王国の首都ドレスデンでは、ドレスデン美術館にも行き、ラファエロ・サンティの「サン･シストの聖母」を鑑賞した。
English: Next, he stayed in Dresden for about five months (from October 11, 1885 to March 7, 1886) in order to take part in an army surgeon's workshop.
Japanese: 次の滞在地ドレスデン（1885年10月11日－翌年3月7日）では、主として軍医学講習会に参加するため、5ケ月ほど生活した。
English: He had many encounters with people connected to the royal family and military men, and frequented royal balls, nobles' evening parties, theater in the Royal court and so on.
Japanese: 王室関係者や軍人との交際が多く、王宮の舞踏会や貴族の夜会や宮廷劇場などに出入りした。
English: He also established two valued friendships with Wilhelm Roth, Surgeon Major General of Saxony, who was a master of his, and Keirke, an army surgeon and one of his co-workers, who excelled at foreign languages.
Japanese: また、二人の大切な友人を得ており、一人は鴎外の指導者ザクセン軍医監のウィルヘルム･ロートで、もう一人は外国語が堪能な同僚軍医のキルケである。
English: Also, the day before he left Dresden, he put forward a counterargument to Heinrich Edmund NAUMANN which later caused a dispute in Munich's most famous newspaper.
Japanese: なお、ドレスデンを離れる前日、ハインリッヒ・エドムント・ナウマンの講演に反論しており、のちにミュンヘンの一流紙で論争が起こった。
English: Whilst in Munich (from March 8, 1886 - April 15, 1887), he studied under Max von Pettenkofer of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.
Japanese: ミュンヘン（1886年3月8日－翌年4月15日）では、ミュンヘン大学のマックス・フォン・ペッテンコーファーに師事した。
English: Unlike in Dresden where there were few Japanese people, he frequently went out with his contemporaries such as Naojiro HARADA and Atsumaro KONOE, the sons of of prominent figures, and attended theaters in his spare time from studying.
Japanese: 研究のかたわら、邦人の少なかったドレスデンと違って同世代の原田直次郎や近衛篤麿など名士の子息と多く交際し、また、よく観劇していた。
English: In his next destination Berlin (April 16, 1887 - July 5, 1888), he went to visit Robert Koch and Shibasaburo KITASATO as soon as he arrived, later joining Koch's Sanitation Laboratory after completing a beginner's course on bacteriology.
Japanese: 次のベルリン（1887年4月16日－翌年7月5日）でも、早速北里柴三郎とともにロベルト・コッホに会いに行っており、細菌学の入門講座をへてコッホの衛生試験所に入った。
English: In late September, he accompanied Tadanori ISHIGURO, Surgeon Major General - visiting Germany as head Japanese representative at the 4th Red Cross Society Conference in Karlsruhe - to the conference as his interpreter official.
Japanese: 9月下旬、カールスルーエで開催される第四回赤十字社会議の日本代表（首席）としてドイツを訪れていた石黒忠悳軍医監に随行し、通訳官として同会議に出席。
English: They made statements on September 26 and 27, and on the latter day in particular their statements brought loud reactions from the audience, some people even shouting 'Bravo.'
Japanese: 9月26･27日に発言し、とりわけ最終日の27日は「ブラボー」と叫ぶ人が出るなど大きな反響があった。
English: One group who had finished at the conference moved on to Vienna on September 28 to take part in the International Health Exhibition as representatives of the Japanese Government.
Japanese: 会議を終えた一行は、9月28日ウイーンに移動し、万国衛生会に日本政府代表として参加した。
English: In January 1888, he made a lecture in German at a New Year's party hosted by Yamatokai Society, that was highly praised by Minister Kinmochi SAIONJI, and from January 18 he began to lecture on "Carl von Clausewitz's 'On War' and its establishment in Japan," in response to a request by Iyozo TAMURA, Senior Lieutenant.
Japanese: 1888年（明治21年）1月、大和会の新年会でドイツ語の講演をして公使の西園寺公望に激賞されており、18日から田村怡与造大尉の求めに応じてカール・フォン・クラウゼヴィッツの『戦争論(クラウゼヴィッツ)日本での成立』を講じた。
English: Furthermore, he experienced basic work in the army (medical work for the second infantry regiment of the imperial guard of Prussia) in exchange for an extension of his stay for another year, and as such his life in Berlin was more 'public' than it had been in Munich and other cities.
Japanese: なお、留学を一年延長した代わりに、地味な隊付勤務（プロイセン近衛歩兵第二連隊の医務）も経験しており、そうしたベルリンでの生活は、ミュンヘンなどに比べ、より「公」的なものであった。
English: He stopped by London (visiting Yukio OZAKI who had been deported from Tokyo under regulations for the preservation of law and order, whom he gifted four poems) and Paris, then left Marseille Port on July 29.
Japanese: ロンドン（保安条例によって東京からの退去処分を受けた尾崎行雄に会い詩を4首おくった）やパリに立ち寄りながら、7月29日マルセイユ港を後にした。
English: Four days previously on July 25, the German woman left Port Bremen heading for Japan.
Japanese: その4日前の7月25日、あるドイツ人女性がブレーメン港から日本に向かっていた。
English: He was appointed instructor of the Army Medical School the same day, and further appointed as instructor of the Army War College in November, thus he held the two posts concurrently.
Japanese: 同日付けで陸軍軍医学校の教官に補され、11月には陸軍大学校日本陸軍の陸大教官の兼補を命じられた。
English: Also, just after Ogai returned to Japan, the German woman who had been there for about one month (September 12 - October 17) had to suddenly leave, and this incident was used as material for his novel "Maihime" (The Dancing Girl).
Japanese: なお帰国直後、ドイツ人女性が来日して滞在一月（9月12日-10月17日）ほどで離日する出来事があり、小説『舞姫』の素材の一つとなった。
English: On January 3, 1889, he published the "Shosetsu-ron" (theory of the novel) as an appendix of the newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun, and from the same day, he began to publish a translation of "El Alcalde de Zalamea" (original title: The Mayor of Zalamea), a play of Calderón de la Barca, which he and his younger brother Takeji MIKI translated into Japanese.
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）1月3日、読売新聞の付録に『小説論』を発表し、また同日の読売新聞から、弟の三木竹二とともにカルデロン・デ・ラ・バルカの戯曲『調高矣津弦一曲』（原題：サラメヤの村長）を共訳して随時発表した。
English: Soho TOKUTOMI regarded his translation highly, and in August Ogai published a book of poems "Omokage" (Vestiges) (his signature was S. S. S) which he translated into Japanese as an appendix to the summer issue of "Kokumin no tomo" (The Nation's Friend), a magazine published by Minyusha, for which Soho was working as a chief editor.
Japanese: その翻訳戯曲を高く評価したのが徳富蘇峰であり、8月に蘇峰が主筆をつとめる民友社の雑誌『国民之友』夏期文芸付録に、訳詩集『於母影』（署名は「S･S･S」（新声社の略記））を発表した。
English: He also began to issue "Shigarami Soshi" (Constraint Brochure), the first journal in Japan focusing on comment and criticism, along with coteries including Takeji, with funds of 50 yen he had earned from his manuscript of "Omokage" (Vestiges) (The publication was continued until vol. 59, when the Sino-Japanese War broke out).
Japanese: また『於母影』の原稿料50円をもとに、竹二など同人たちと日本最初の評論中心の専門誌『しがらみ草紙』を創刊した（日清戦争の勃発により59号で廃刊）。
English: Thus, he passionately continued his critical enlightenment activities, starting with translations of foreign literature ("Sokkyo Shijin" (Improvising Poet) and "Faust" are well-known).
Japanese: このように、外国文学などの翻訳を手始めに（『即興詩人』『ファウスト』などが有名）、熱心に評論的啓蒙活動をつづけた。
English: He also successively published "Maihime" (The Dancing Girl), "Foam on the Waves" and "The Courier" which location were set in Germany, a country almost unknown to Japanese people at the time.
Japanese: 当時、情報の乏しい欧州ドイツを舞台にした『舞姫』『うたかたの記』『文づかひ』を相次いで発表。
English: In particular, "Maihime" (The Dancing Girl) - a love story between a Japanese man and a German woman - seemed to shock Japanese readers.
Japanese: とりわけ、日本人と外国人が恋愛関係になる『舞姫』は、読者を驚かせたとされる。
English: Furthermore, he had a dispute with Ningetsu ISHIBASHI about his three books on Germany, and also instigated a dispute on "anti-idealism," by publishing critical comments in his "Shigarami Soshi" (Constraint Brochure) about realism as advocated by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI.
Japanese: ちなみに、そのドイツ三部作をめぐって石橋忍月と論争を、また『しがらみ草紙』上で坪内逍遥の記実主義を批判して没理想論争を繰り広げた。
English: He was asked to be an instructor of art analysis at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of the Arts) in 1889 as well as an instructor of aesthetics at Keio University in September 1892 (However he was relieved of both these posts when he had to leave for the front line of the Sino-Japanese War and was transferred to Ogura).
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）に東京美術学校（現東京藝術大学）の美術解剖学講師を、1892年（明治25年）9月に慶應義塾大学の審美学（美学の旧称）講師を委嘱された（いずれも日清戦争出征時と小倉転勤時に解嘱））。
English: As Japan and Qing China collided and embarked on war in Summer 1894 (Japan made the proclamation of war on August 1), Ogai left Tokyo on August 29, then departed from Ujina Port in Hiroshima on September 2.
Japanese: 1894年（明治27年）夏、日本と清が軍事衝突･開戦（8月1日、日本が宣戦布告）したため、鴎外は8月29日に東京を離れ、9月2日に広島の宇品港を発った。
English: On May 10, 1895 after the conclusion of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Shiki MASAOKA, a war correspondent serving with the Guards Division, visited Ogai to welcome him back to Japan.
Japanese: 下関条約の締結後、1895年（明治28年）5月10日に近衛師団つきの従軍記者、正岡子規が帰国のあいさつのため、鴎外を訪ねた。
English: Although the war with Qing was over, Ogai was ordered to work in Taiwan which had been ceded to Japan (this placement was considered to be in harmony with that of Masanao KOIKE who was working in Korea).
Japanese: 清との戦争が終わったものの、鴎外は日本に割譲された台湾での勤務を命じられた（朝鮮勤務の小池正直とのバランスをとった人事とされる。）
English: Before leaving he went to Ujina Port on May 22 (meeting his younger brother Takeji who visited him representing his concerned family), then after two days left for Taiwan along with Sukenori KABAYAMA, the first governor of Taiwan, and others.
Japanese: 出発前は5月22日に宇品港に着き（心配する家族を代表して訪れた弟の竹二と面会）、2日後には初代台湾総督の樺山資紀等とともに台湾に向かった。
English: In January 1896, he began to publish the magazine "Mezamashi-gusa" as a successor to "Shigarami Soshi" (Constraint Brochure) in association with Rohan KODA and Ryokuu SAITO, in which they issued joint reviews 'Sannin Jogo' (Three men's redundant words), which put them at the top of the world of critics at the time (publication was discontinued in 1902).
Japanese: 翌1896年（明治29年）1月、『しがらみ草紙』の後を受けて幸田露伴、斎藤緑雨とともに『めさまし草』を創刊し、合評「三人冗語」を載せ、当時の評壇の先頭に立った（1902年廃刊）。
English: Also, from around this time, the nature of his activities became less confrontational and more moderate.
Japanese: また、このころより、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
English: Whilst the Army was undergoing preparations for war with Russia, he was promoted to Surgeon major general (corresponding to Shosho) in June 1899, then was 'demoted' to the post of Director of the army surgeon department of the twelfth division in Kokura City (Western area, in contrast to Tokyo (Eastern area) and Osaka (Central area)).
Japanese: 陸軍内で対ロシア戦の準備が進む中、1899年（明治32年）6月に軍医監（少将相当）に昇進し、東京（東部）・大阪（中部）とともに都督部が置かれていた小倉市（西部）の第12師団(日本軍)軍医部長に「左遷」された。
English: While his staying in Kokura from the end of the 19th Century to the start of the 20th, he wrote a series of essay about his views on history and the modern age.
Japanese: 世紀末から新世紀の初頭をすごした小倉時代には、歴史観と近代観にかかわる一連の随筆などが書かれた。
English: Who is Ogai Gyoshi ?' (criticism on the literary world), 'Naojiro HARADA' (about western painting in the modern period of Japan), 'Ryokyuroku' (about modern art), 'If I were a wealthy man in Kyushu' (about social issues), 'Observations on one aspect of the Boxer Uprising' (lecture records), 'Joint review on new society' (a criticism of "New Society" written by Ryukei YANO, in which mentioned socialism and so on).
Japanese: 「鴎外漁史とは誰ぞ」（文壇時評）、「原田直次郎」（日本の近代西洋絵画）、「潦休録」（近代芸術）、「我をして九州の富人たらしめば」（社会問題）、「義和団の乱の一面の観察」（講演録）、「新社会合評」（矢野竜渓『新社会』の評論で社会主義などを記述）。
English: He gave a lecture to officers on the very profound and subtle book, "On War" by Clausewitz, a lecture he used to give for Iyozo TAMURA during his stay in Germany, and also translated it on the request of Hikaru INOUE, a division chief.
Japanese: またドイツ留学中、田村怡与造に講じていた難解なクラウゼヴィッツの『戦争論』について、師団の将校たちに講義をするとともに、井上光師団長などの依頼で翻訳をはじめた。
English: As his youngest brother Junzaburo MORI observed, 'he was becoming calm and not afraid of anything' during his stay in Kokura, and at that time started to look upon people living at the bottom of society with affectionate eyes.
Japanese: 小倉時代に「圭角」がとれ、「胆が練れて来」たと末弟の森潤三郎が記述したように、そのころ鴎外は、社会の周縁ないし底辺に生きる人々への親和、慈しみの眼差しを獲得していた。
English: He encountered historical artifacts, culture, legacies and so on in the various places he visited to carry out the examination for conscription, through which in his personal life also, he discovered a hobby of visiting tombs which later inspired a biography based on historical evidence he wrote in his later years.
Japanese: 私生活でも、徴兵検査の視察時などで各地の歴史的な文物、文化、事蹟との出会いを通し、とくに後年の史伝につながる掃台（探墓）の趣味を得た。
English: Although he lost his wife Toshiko AKAMATSU to tuberculosis in January 1900, he found out not only a new hobby but also a new wife, Shige ARAKI, eighteen years younger than him, whom he married in January 1902 after a formal marriage interview with her, which had been encouraged by his mother (it was a second marriage for both of them).
Japanese: 新たな趣味を得ただけではなく、1900年1月に赤松登志子（旧妻）が結核で死亡したのち、母の勧めるまま1902年1月、18歳年下の荒木志げと見合い結婚をした（再婚同士）。
English: One of them was 玉水俊虠 (commonly called Ankoku-ji after a Temple of the same name), a buddhist monk of the Soto sect of Zen, and the other was Hiroshi FUKUMA, a man from the same village known for his genius.
Japanese: 一人は曹洞宗の僧侶、玉水俊虠（通称、安国寺）で、もう一人は同郷の俊才福間博である。
English: When Ogai was transferred to Tokyo the two men went down with him and lived near Ogai's home to maintain their friendship.
Japanese: 二人は、鴎外の東京転勤とともに上京し、鴎外の自宅近くに住み、交際をつづけた。
English: He left for Tokyo to assume office as director of the Army Medical department of the first division along with his new wife in March 1902.
Japanese: 1902年（明治35年）3月、第一師団軍医部長の辞令を受け、新妻とともに東京に赴任した。
English: In June, he began to issue "Geibun," by merging the discontinued "Mezamashi-gusa" with "Geien" (artistic and literary circles) edited by Bin UEDA (although the publication was later disconnected due to troubles with the publisher, he began to issue "Mannengusa" as a replacement in October).
Japanese: 6月、廃刊になっていた『めざまし草』と上田敏の主宰する『芸苑』とを合併し、『芸文』を創刊（その後、出版社とのトラブルで廃刊したものの、10月に後身の『万年艸』を創刊）。
English: Around that time, he worked on plays particularly and wrote his first in December.
Japanese: その頃は、12月に初めて戯曲を執筆するなど、戯曲にかかわる活動が目立っていた。
English: From February 1904 to January 1906, he was at the front line of the Russo-Japanese War as director of the Army Medical department of the second Army of Japan.
Japanese: 1904年（明治37年）2月から1906年（明治39年）1月まで日露戦争に第2軍(日本軍)日露戦争における第2軍軍医部長として出征。
English: In October 1907, he moved on to General Office Director of Army Medicine (corresponding to Lieutenant General), then assumed office at the Medical bureau of the Department of War (the top army surgeon with authority over human resources).
Japanese: 1907年（明治40年）10月、軍医総監（中将相当）に昇進し、陸軍省医務局（人事権をもつ軍医のトップ）に就任した。
English: In September of the same year, he was appointed as art examiner, and assumed office as chief examiner of the Western Historical Painting Department of the 1st Kanten (the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, originally called Bunten).
Japanese: なお同年9月、美術審査員に任じられ、第一回日本美術展覧会官展の歴史（初期文展）西洋画部門審査の主任になった。