nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In the following year of 1350, Takauji and other launched a campaign to central Japan to hunt down his son-in-law Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA and, during his brother's absence, Tadayoshi fled Kyoto and travelled to the Southern Court with the intention of killing Moronao.
Japanese: 翌1350年（正平5年/観応元年）、尊氏らが養子足利直冬を討つために中国地方へ遠征すると、その留守に乗じて京都を脱出、師直討伐を掲げて南朝へ降る。
English: The Southern Court to which Tadayoshi belonged overpowered Takauji's forces defeated Takauji's faction in 1351 at Komyoji-jo Castle in Harima Province (Battle of Komyo-ji Temple) and Uchidehama in Settsu Province.
Japanese: 南朝に属した直義は尊氏勢を圧倒し、1351年（正平6年/観応2年）に播磨国光明寺城（光明寺合戦）や摂津国打出浜で尊氏方を破る。
English: In response to this, Takauji and Yoshiakira defected to the Southern Court in the guise of departing for battle to establish the Shohei Itto (Shohei unification) and issue an order to hunt down and kill Tadayoshi.
Japanese: これに対して尊氏・義詮は出陣と称して南朝に降り、正平一統が成立して新たに南朝から直義追討令が出る。
English: Tadayoshi fled Kyoto and after passing through the Hokuriku region and Shinano Province, he rallied an anti-Takauji force with Kamakura serving as a base.
Japanese: 直義は京都を脱して北陸地方、信濃国を経、鎌倉を拠点に反尊氏勢力を糾合した。
English: However, Tadayoshi was successively defeated at battles including those at Mt. Satta in Suruga Province (Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture) and the mouth of Haya-gawa River in Sagami Province (Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture) before being disarmed in Kamakura.
Japanese: しかし、駿河国薩埵山（「埵」は「土へん」に「垂」、静岡県静岡市清水区）、相模国早川尻（神奈川県小田原市）などの戦いで尊氏に連破され、鎌倉にて武装解除される。
English: Tadayoshi was imprisoned within the Enpuku-ji sub temple of Jomyo-ji Temple and died suddenly on February 26 of the following year of 1352.
Japanese: 浄妙寺境内の延福寺に幽閉された直義は、翌1352年（正平7年/文和元年）2月26日に急死する。
English: He is thought to have died from illness but "Taiheiki" is the sole source stating that he was poisoned by Takauji.
Japanese: 病死とされているが、『太平記』のみは尊氏による毒殺であると記している。
English: In 1258, just before his death, Takauji requested that Emperor Gokogon confer the rank of Junii (Junior Second Rank) on the late Tadayoshi.
Japanese: なお、尊氏はその死の直前の延文3年/正平13年（1358年）に、故直義を従二位に叙するよう後光厳天皇に願い出ている。
English: According to one theory, Tadayoshi is said to have corrected mistakes in the history book that was the precursor to the classic work "Taiheiki."
Japanese: 一説によれば、古典「太平記」の祖形となった史書の誤りを訂正させた話なども伝えられる。
English: Tadayoshi was Takauji's younger brother by one year and the brothers were originally extremely close, with Takauji having immense trust in Tadayoshi.
Japanese: 1歳違いの同母弟ということもあり、元々尊氏と直義の兄弟仲はすこぶる良く、尊氏は直義に絶大な信頼を寄せていた。
English: Particularly after the establishment of the bakufu, it is said that Takauji placed himself in a purely symbolic position while the majority of the actual governance was entrusted to Tadayoshi.
Japanese: 特に幕府開設以降、尊氏は自身はシンボル的な地位にとどめ、実際の政務はほとんど直義に委任していたと言われる。
English: A written prayer by Takauji reading 'I wish good fortune on Tadayoshi in this life that will bring him peace and happiness' was dedicated at Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine.
Japanese: 「今生の果報をば直義にたばせ給候て、直義安穏にまもらせ給候べく候」という尊氏の願文が石清水八幡宮に奉納されている。
English: However, the system of duumvirate leadership in which Takauji retained the right of control of the military inevitably caused the formation of factions within the bakufu which led to the tragedy of the Kanno Disturbance.
Japanese: しかし、尊氏に軍事指揮権を温存した二頭政治は必然的に幕府内に派閥を発生させ、それが観応の擾乱という悲劇を生むことになった。
English: In contrast to his elder brother Takauji who was emotionally unstable (he was ashamed of becoming an enemy of the Imperial Court and left the battle only to briefly enter the Buddhist priesthood), Tadayoshi is thought to have been calm, and to have supported his elder brother in important positions.
Japanese: 兄・尊氏が感情の起伏を持っていた（朝敵となったことを恥じて戦いを離れ一時出家したりしている）人物とされているのに対し、冷静沈着であったとされ、要所で兄を支えている。
English: Tadayoshi's selflessness that saw him give to his subordinates all of the many gifts which were showered upon him by his elder brother Takauji is well known, but it is said that Tadayoshi originally disliked accepting such gifts.
Japanese: 兄・尊氏が山のように贈られてきた品物を部下たちにすべて分け与えたほど無欲だったというエピソードは有名であるが、直義はそもそもそういう贈り物を受け取ること自体嫌った、と言われている。
English: When Yoritoo TOKI, a man who distinguished himself in numerous battles, was captured after treating Emperor Kogon violently, Tadayoshi, who respected the authority of the Imperial Court resolutely carried out his beheading even in the face of continued pleads for his life to be spared for his military genius and many meritous deeds.
Japanese: 数々の武功を立てた土岐頼遠が、光厳上皇に狼藉を働いて捕らえられた際、頼遠の軍才や数々の武功を惜しんで助命を嘆願する声が上がり続けても、朝廷の権威を重んじる直義は断固として耳を貸さず、頼遠を斬首した。
English: Yoritoo's denial of Emperor Kogon's authority was due to the Retired Emperor appointing Takauji shogun and the cold, unemotional decision to negate the authority of the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 光厳上皇の権威を否定することは、上皇から征夷大将軍を与えられた尊氏、そして室町幕府の権威をも否定することになりかねず、情に流されず、冷徹な判断によるものであった。
English: However, in deference to Yoritoo's meritous deeds, the Toki clan was not decimated, and his nephew was allowed to continue the family line.
Japanese: もっとも、一方では頼遠の武功に免じて、土岐氏そのものはとりつぶしはせず、甥に継がせて存続させている。
English: Even after his confrontation with his elder brother Takauji during the Kanno Disturbance, Tadayoshi continued to advocate the legitimacy of the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 観応の擾乱において兄・尊氏と対立した後も、室町幕府の正統性を擁護し続けた。
English: Yoshino Okoto Shoan' ("Gunsho Ruiju") which records the peace negotiations between Tadayoshi and the Southern Court states the Southern Court demanded that in the event of Tadayoshi's victory, the Muromachi bakufu should dissolve the Northern Court and restore imperial rule whereas Tadayoshi argued that it is actually the samurai at the head of the Muromachi shogunate that preserve the order of the nation and that the Southern Court should return follow his demands and return to Kyoto unconditionally.
Japanese: 直義と南朝との和議交渉を記録した「吉野御事書案」（『群書類従』所収）において、直義勝利の暁には室町幕府は北朝の解体と大政奉還をすべきであると要求する南朝側に対して、直義は実際に天下の秩序を守っているのは室町幕府を筆頭とした武士であり、南朝こそその要求に従って無条件で京都に帰還すべきであると論じた。
English: When Takauji subsequently conducted peace negotiations with the Southern Court, he accepted all of the Southern Court's demands and 'surrendered' with the priority that Tadayoshi be killed, which was followed by an alliance between Takauji and the Southern Court which issued an order to hunt down and kill Tadayoshi.
Japanese: その後、尊氏は南朝に対して和議交渉を行ったときには現実的な課題である直義討伐を優先して南朝側の要求を全面的に受け入れて「降伏」し、南朝も尊氏と結んで直義討伐を命じた。
English: It is ironic that Tadayoshi who attempted to preserve the legitimacy of the bakufu was defeated in a diplomatic battle with Takauji, the Muromachi shogun, for this very reason and ended up being alienated from not only the samurai of the provinces but also from close associates such as Shigenari Otaka.
Japanese: 皮肉にも幕府の正統性を守ろうとした直義は、それ故に当の幕府将軍である尊氏との外交戦争に敗れることになり、諸国の武士からは勿論、大高重成のような側近からも離反される結果を招いた。
English: October 2, 1338: Promoted to the rank of Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), transferred to the Department of Military Affairs.
Japanese: 暦応元年/延元4年（1338年）8月11日、従四位上に昇叙し、兵衛府に転任。
English: Then he was assigned to be attached to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and joined the Battle of Nagashino, the siege of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, attacking Saiga of Kii Province and so on.
Japanese: その後は豊臣秀吉付属の武将に任じられ、長篠の戦い、石山本願寺攻め、紀伊国雑賀攻めなどに参加した。
English: After Nobunaga died in 1582, as a vassal of Hideyoshi he joined and performed well in the Battle of Yamazaki, the Battle of Shizugatake, the Siege of Odawara, the Bunroku campaign and so on and was given Sanuki Province 171.8 thousand koku crop yields.
Japanese: 1582年の信長死後は秀吉の家臣となり、山崎の戦いや賤ヶ岳の戦い、小田原征伐、文禄の役などに参加して活躍し、讃岐国17万1,800石を与えられた。
English: Earlier, he had looked after Senmatsumaru SOGO, the legitimate son of Masayasu SOGO, who had been the former lord of Sanuki and killed in the battle of Hetsugigawa, but he is said to have ordered his nephew Uneme OTSUKA to kill Senmatsumaru with poison in order to plow with 20 thousand koku crop yields which was the property inheritance left to Senmatsumaru.
Japanese: これに先立ち、讃岐の前国主であり戸次川の戦いで討ち死にした十河存保の嫡男十河千松丸を預かっていたが、その遺領二万石を横領するため甥の大塚采女に命じて毒殺させたと伝わる。
English: After that, he was known for clamping down on those who were related to the Miyoshi clan to eliminate the chance of the Sogo clan coming back.
Japanese: その後も、十河氏復活の芽を摘むため三好氏に連なる者を徹底的に弾圧したことで知られる。
English: In Hideyoshi's later year being appointed as one of the sanchuros along with Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Yoshiharu HORIO, he participated in the Toyotomi government
Japanese: 秀吉の晩年には、中村一氏や堀尾吉晴と共に三中老に任じられて豊臣政権に参与している。
English: In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 his son Kazumasa IKOMA was on the part of the East squad while Chikamasa, staying in his territory, was on the side of the West squad and delegated his vassal to join the siege of Tanabe-jo Castle in Tango Province.
Japanese: 1600年の関ヶ原の戦いでは、息子の生駒一正は東軍に与し、親正は在国していたが西軍に与して丹後国田辺城(丹後国)攻めに家臣を代理として派遣した。
English: In order to take the responsibility of having been on the part of the West squad Chikamasa took the tonsure to enter a monastery in Mt. Koya after he transferred responsibility for the family to Kazumasa, but soon he was granted a pardon and came back to Sanuki, and died in Takamatsu-jo Castle (Sanuki Province) in 1603.
Japanese: 親正は西軍に与した責任を取るため、家督を一正に譲って剃髪し、高野山に入ったが、ほどなくして許されて讃岐に戻り、1603年に高松城(讃岐国)にて死去した。
English: The Kasuya clan existed from the Kamakura period and was a military family based at Kakogawajo Castle in Harima Province; Takenori KASUYA was the second son of Tadayasu KASUYA, a retainer of the Bessho clan in Harima Province.
Japanese: 糟屋氏は播磨加古川城を拠点に鎌倉時代から続く武家で、播磨国にて別所氏の家臣であった糟屋忠安の次男。
English: The family name "Kasuya" (糟屋) is recorded as having been written using different character combinations (糟谷, 粕屋, 加須屋), but the famous combination used by Sanekatsu KASUYA was"加須屋".
Japanese: 姓は糟屋の他に糟谷・粕屋・加須屋とも記され、有名な名乗りとしては「加須屋真雄（かすやさねかつ）」とも。
English: Takenori also had other names (corresponding to Christian name for westerners) as 数正, 宗重, 真安, 宗孝 and so force, each of which was said to have been used by Takenori as an alias depending on the period; thus there is confusion as to whether certain usages refer to Takenori or one of his children.
Japanese: 名乗りは他にもあり、数正、宗重、真安、宗孝など、いずれも武則の別名として伝わっており年代によって違うことから、本人の名なのか、子なのか混乱もある。
English: His real name was said to have been Shimura, because Takenori's mother remarried into the powerful Shimura clan after his elder brother Tomomasa was born, and subsequently Takenori was born.
Japanese: 本姓は志村だったとされている（武則の母が兄朝正を産んだ後、豪族志村氏と再婚し、その際に産まれたのが武則である為。）。
English: However, during the Harima campaign by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1577, because Tomomasa had entered Mikijo Castle with Nagaharu BESSHO, Takenori became separated from his brother and went for the Oda camp used the name Kasuya with them.
Japanese: しかし、天正5年（1577年）の豊臣秀吉の播磨攻めの時に朝正が別所長治について三木城に入った為、武則は兄と袂を分かって織田方につき、糟屋の姓を名乗った。
English: During the 1583 battle of Shizugatake, Takenori took an active role in the arrest of a subordinate of Morimasa SAKUMA, the samurai Shichizaemon YADOYA; Takenori is included among Masanori FUKUSHIMA, Kiyomasa KATO and others as one of the "seven lancers of Shizugatake"; due to his valor in battle, he was awarded 2,000 koku of land in Harima Province and 1,000 koku in Kawachi Province, representing a combined grant exceeding 3,000 koku of land.
Japanese: そして天正11年（1583年）、賤ヶ岳の戦いで武則は佐久間盛政配下の宿屋七左衛門という武士を討ち取るなどして活躍し、福島正則や加藤清正らと共に賤ヶ岳の七本槍の一人に数えられ、その戦功により播磨国に二千石、河内国に一千石など合わせて三千石余を拝領する。
English: Subsequently he participated in the battles of Komaki and Nagakute as well as the conquests of Kyushu and Odawara, in which he mobilized 150 troops.
Japanese: その後も小牧・長久手の戦いや九州征伐、小田原征伐などに兵150名を動員して参加している。
English: He was involved in things other than military matters, as when, in 1586, he administered the building of a grand statue of Buddha at Hokoji Temple and, in 1591 became the administrator of land surveys of Omi Province; together with Nagamori MASHITA, he undertook land surveys and left behind a legacy in the form of the administration of public works.
Japanese: また軍事だけでなく、天正14年（1586年）に方広寺大仏の作事奉行を、天正19年（1591年）には近江国検地奉行となって増田長盛らと共に検地を行うなど行政面でも事績を残している。
English: Moreover, during the Bunroku campaigns he was an overseer who went to Korea; in 1592, in company with Naotada SHINJO and others, he issued instructions urging Korean refugees to return home; in the same and subsequent year (1593) he participated in the first and second Jinju Castle battles and, in August 1595, was granted an additional 6,000 koku of land and became the owner of Harima Kakogawajo Castle (12,000 koku).
Japanese: この他文禄の役では目付として朝鮮に渡海しており、文禄元年（1592年）には新庄直忠らとともに朝鮮人逃亡流民の帰郷を促す訓令を発布するほか、同年に第一次、翌文禄2年（1593年）には第二次晋州城攻防戦に参加するなどして活躍し、文禄4年（1595年）8月に六千石加増され、播磨加古川城主（12000石）になる。
English: Subsequently, at Sekigahara he was the only one of "the seven lancers" to join the western army, and he participated in the battles of Fushimijo Castle and Sekigahara, by leading 360 troops.
Japanese: のち関ヶ原にて七本槍の中で唯一西軍に加わり、360名の兵を率いて伏見城の戦いや関ヶ原の戦い等に参加した。
English: Following the conflicts he suffered punishment by removal of samurai status but was later pardoned and, in 1602, was employed as a retainer of the shogun, thereby receiving a modest 500 koku stipend as a Tokugawa vassal.
Japanese: 戦後改易されるが、後に許され慶長7年（1602年）に旗本として召抱えられ、500石という小禄ながら徳川家臣となる。
English: Also, his son was Takenori KASUYA who, after the death of Takenori (the senior), fought on Toyotomi's side in Osaka and supposedly died in battle.
Japanese: また、糟屋宗孝というのは息子の名前であり、武則の死後大坂の役に豊臣方で参加し討死にしたとも言われる。
English: Incidentally, a long lance used by Takenori is kept at the Nagahama Castle Historical Museum in Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture.
Japanese: なお、滋賀県長浜市の長浜市立長浜城(近江国)歴史博物館に武則所用の大身槍が所蔵されている。
English: Hajime TANABE (田辺元) (February 3, 1885 - April 29, 1962) was a Japanese philosopher.
Japanese: 田辺元（たなべはじめ、1885年2月3日-1962年4月29日）は、日本の哲学者。
English: His father was Shinnosuke TANABE who served as the master of Kaisei Junior and Senior High School in Tokyo and established Zushi Kaisei Junior and Senior High School and Kamakura Jogakuin Junior and Senior High School.
Japanese: 父は、東京の開成中学校・高等学校の校長を務め、逗子開成中学校・高等学校や鎌倉女学院を設立した田辺新之助。
English: His works include "Tetsugaku Nyumon" (An Introduction to Philosophy), "Tetsugaku Tsuron" (An Outline of Philosophy) and "Zangedo to Shite no Tetsugaku" (Philosophy as Metanoia).
Japanese: 著書に、『哲学入門』、『哲学通論』、『懺悔道としての哲学』などがある。
English: He argued for 'Logic of species,' or 'Philosophy of absolute intermediation,' and advocated metanoia in his last years, but some criticized that the Japan's war responsibility was made ambiguous in the complicated universalization of metanoetics.
Japanese: 「種の論理」もしくは、「絶対媒介の哲学」を唱え、晩年には懺悔道を説くも、日本の戦争責任を懺悔道という捉えようのない普遍の中に解消してしまったとの批判もある。
English: The professor of Kyoto University, Kitaro NISHIDA, invited Tanabe to the university as his successor and made him an assistant professor.
Japanese: 京都大学教授の西田幾多郎は、みずからの後継者として田辺を京大に招聘して助教授として迎え入れた。
English: 1904: Entered Tokyo Fourth Prefectural Middle School (present Tokyo Metropolitan Toyama High School), graduated first top of the science department of Daiichi High School (the first old-education-system high school), and entered the college of science at Tokyo University.
Japanese: 1904年府立四中（現東京都立戸山高等学校）を経て第一高等学校(旧制)理科首席卒、東京大学理科大学数学科に入学
English: 1922: Studied in Germany where he interacted with Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl and Martin Heidegger.
Japanese: 1922年ドイツに留学しエドムント・フッサール、マルティン・ハイデッガーと交流。
English: Kanehira IMAI (1152 - March 4, 1184) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived at the end of Heian period.
Japanese: 今井兼平（いまいかねひら、仁平2年（1152年）-元暦元年1月20日(旧暦)（1184年3月4日））は平安時代末期の武将。
English: Kanehira IMAI fought alongside his foster brother MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka until the end, and the death of Yoshinaka and Kanehira in the 'Death of Kiso' section of "Heike Monogatari" (The tale of the Heike) is full of tragic beauty.
Japanese: 源義仲とは乳兄弟でもあり、最後まで義仲と共に戦い、『平家物語』の「木曾殿最期」の段の義仲と兼平の最期は、悲壮美に満ちている。
English: The way Kanehira contradicts himself in this scene and the samurai spirit he expresses when he says, 'If a warrior's last moments lack grace, he disgraces himself for a long time even if he was very prominent when alive' demonstrate the painful sympathy Kanehira had for Yoshinaka in the situation he faced, as well as the beautifully strong relationship that existed between master and servant.
Japanese: また、この場面の兼平の矛盾した言い方や、「弓矢取りは、年頃日頃如何なる高名候へども、最後に不覚しぬれば、永き瑕（きず）にて候なり。」の武士たる心構えを伝える言に、その情況に応じての、兼平の義仲への苦しいいたわりの気持ち、美しい主従の絆が書かれている。
English: When Yoshinaka said 'my armor is heavy today, although it does not ordinarily feel so,' Kanehira said as follows:
Japanese: 「日頃は何とも覚えぬ鎧が、今日は重うなったるぞや」と言う義仲に対し、次のように述べた。
English: You feel so because you have lost your vigor and have grown timid.'
Japanese: 「それは御方（みかた）に続く勢が候はねば、臆病でこそさは思し召し候らめ。」
English: If you have seven or eight arrows, you can protect yourself against the enemy for a while.'
Japanese: 「ここに射残したる矢七つ八つ候へば、暫く防矢（ふせぎや）仕り候はん。」
English: When Yoshinaka said 'I want to be killed at once rather than being defeated in several places,' Kanehira said as follows:
Japanese: 義仲が「所々で討たれんより、一所でこそ討死もせめ」と言うと、次のように述べた。
English: If a warrior's last moments lack grace, he disgraces himself for a long time even if he was very prominent when alive'
Japanese: 「弓矢取りは、年頃日頃如何なる高名候へども、最後に不覚しぬれば、永き瑕（きず）にて候なり。」
English: It would be regrettable if you were defeated and killed by a nameless man and it became told that Kiso, who was renowned throughout Japan as a fierce god, was killed a mere retainer.'
Japanese: 「云ふ甲斐なき人の郎等に組み落とされて、討たれさせ給ひ候ひなば、さしも日本国に鬼神と聞こえさせ給ひつる木曾殿をば、某が郎等の手に懸けて、討ち奉ったりなんぞ申されん事、口惜しかるべし。」
English: And he put the tip of his sword into his mouth, jumped off his horse and killed himself with the sword.
Japanese: そして太刀の先を口の中に含み、馬上から飛び降り、太刀に貫かれ自害した。
English: (Brief translation in modern Japanese: Before the battle, Kanehira advised Yoshinaka to 'raise his spirits like a warrior,' but when Yoshinaka tried to continue fighting in the battle until his death, Kanehira calmly advised him that he should commit suicide bravely because he was too exhausted to fight any further, and gave Yoshinaka enough time to kill himself.)
Japanese: （現代語簡訳：戦前は義仲に「武士らしく強気になれ」と助言をし、戦中は死を共にしようとする義仲に「疲れているのだから潔く自害しなさい」と冷静にアドバイスをし、義仲が自害する時間稼ぎをした。)
English: (When Kanehira found out that Yoshinaka had committed suicide, he said 'People of the Kanto provinces, this was a model suicide by the strongest man in Japan'.)
Japanese: (義仲が討ち取られたと知った直後、「東国の方々、これが日本一の強者の自害する手本だ」と言った。）
English: Hosai Shrine: He was enshrined as a chief god in Imai Shrine in Kawanakajima, Nagano City, and in Imai-jinja Shrine in Imai, Matsumoto City.
Japanese: 奉斎神社：長野市川中島鎮座の今井神社や松本市今井(松本市)鎮座の今井神社の主祭神として祀る。
English: Norinaga MOTOORI (June 21, 1730 - November 5, 1801) was a scholar of Japanese classical culture and literature, as well as a physician, in the Edo period.
Japanese: 本居宣長（もとおりのりなが、1730年6月21日(享保15年5月7日(旧暦))-1801年11月5日(享和元年9月29日(旧暦))）は、江戸時代日本の国学者・文献学者・医師である。
English: However, his nicknames were Shunan and Suzunoya no Ushi.
Japanese: 通称は瞬庵、春庵（しゅんあん）、鈴屋大人（すずのやのうし）と号した。
English: He succeeded in deciphering Records of Ancient Matters "Kojiki", which was then undecipherable, and wrote Commentaries on Kojiki "Kojikiden".
Japanese: 当時、既に解読不能に陥っていた『古事記』の解読に成功し、『古事記伝』を著した。
English: Norinaga MOTOORI was born in June 1730 as the second son of the Ozu family, who were cotton merchants in Matsuzaka, Ise Province (present Matsuzaka City, Mie Province).
Japanese: 本居宣長は1730年6月伊勢国松坂（現在の三重県松阪市）の木綿商である小津家の次男として生まれた。
English: He went to his uncle's store in Edo when he was 16 years old (1748) for the purpose of studying commerce, but he returned to his birthplace because he did not have any time to do reading and hated such life.
Japanese: 16歳の時(1748年)江戸に商売の勉強の為に叔父の店で働くが、本を読めぬ生活を嫌い帰郷。
English: As he found that the available root maps to Edo were sloppy, he compiled a collection of materials called "Dainihon tenka shikai gazu" (he completed its transcription in January, 1752), which, he stated, 'covered all the mountains, rivers, seas and islands.'
Japanese: 当時の江戸までの道中の地図資料のいい加減なところから、「山川海島悉く図する」資料集の『大日本天下四海画図』を起筆した（宝暦1年(1752)12月上旬に書写作業完了）。
English: He described his intention in the above as being 'to amend and clarify the location of castle towns, port towns, famous places and historical sites, and to show routes and post stations in detail.'
Japanese: その意図について、「城下船津名所遺跡其方角を改め在所を分明にし道中の行程駅をみさいに是を記す」と述べている。
English: Based on the information then obtained, he started writing "Toko Bassho" in 1746 as an original work (he continued the writing until about 1751).
Japanese: この時の見聞を元に、自分用の資料として「都考抜書（とこうばっしょ）」を延享3年(1746年)より起筆（宝暦元年（1751年）ころまで書き継がれた）した。
English: He studied Confucianism under Keizan HORI, a Neo-Confucian scholar, and also studied Sinology and Japanese classical culture while lodging at his house.
Japanese: また、儒学を朱子学者の堀景山に師事し、寄宿して漢学や国学などを学んだ。
English: Around this period, he began to devote himself to the study of the classics of Japanese indigenous culture and literature; moreover, influenced by Sorai OGYU and Keichu, he decided that he would become a scholar of Japanese ancient culture and literature.
Japanese: この頃から日本固有の古典学に身を入れるようになり、荻生徂徠や契沖に影響を受け、国学の道に入ることを志す。
English: When he returned to Matsuzaka, he started to practice medicine while lecturing on Tale of Genji "Genji Monogatari"and studying Chronicles of Japan "Nihon Shoki".
Japanese: 松坂に帰った宣長は医師を開業し、そのかたわら『源氏物語』の講義や『日本書紀』の研究に励んだ。
English: When he was 27 years old, he bought "Sendai Kyujihongi" and "Kojiki", read KAMO no Mabuchi's book, and started studying Japanese classical culture.
Japanese: 27歳の時、『先代旧事本紀』と『古事記』を書店で購入し、賀茂真淵の書に出会って国学の研究に入ることになる。
English: On July 5, 1763, he met Mabuchi, who was visiting Matsuzaka, for the first time.
Japanese: 1763年（宝暦13年）5月25日(旧暦)、宣長は、松阪を来訪した真淵に初見した。
English: Taking this opportunity, he asked for Mabuchi's instruction regarding the commentaries of Kojiki, which he had decided to study.
Japanese: そして、かねてから志していた古事記の注釈について、指導を願うのである。
English: Mabuchi instructed him to begin with the commentaries on the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry "Manyoshu" in order to become familiar with a form of syllabary used in the Manyoshu.
Japanese: 真淵は、万葉仮名に慣れるため、『万葉集』の注釈から始めた方が良いという旨の教授をした。
English: Prompted by Mabuchi, he made up his mind to study "Kojiki" earnestly.
Japanese: 以後、真淵に触発されて『古事記』の本格的な研究に進むことを決意した。
English: The above encounter with Mabuchi was described in his essays 'The History of My Study' and 'The Instructions of My Mentor,' which were compiled in a collection of essays "Tamakatsuma".
Japanese: この真淵との出会いは、宣長の図随筆集『玉勝間』に収められている「おのが物まなびの有りしより」と「あがたゐのうしの御さとし言」という文章に記されている。
English: The Norinaga's encounter with Mabuchi, which was reconstructed based on these two essays, was called 'A Night in Matsuzaka' and appeared in the Elementary School Japanese Reader "Shogaku kokugo tokuhon" used in the pre-war era.
Japanese: この二つの文章から再構成された宣長と真淵との出会いは、「松阪の一夜」として戦前期の『小学国語読本』に掲載された。
English: His grave was moved in 1959 to a small hill from which Matsuzaka City, a place Norinaga liked, can be seen.
Japanese: 昭和34年に松阪市内を見渡す小高い山（生前の宣長が好んだ場所とされる）へ移された。
English: Further, 'Norinaga MOTOORI Grave' was constructed in 1999 in accordance with the design designated in his will.
Japanese: さらに平成11年には遺言のデザインに沿った「本居宣長奥津墓（城）」が建造された。
English: Norinaga's most important works are "Kojikiden," a book compiling commentaries on "Kojiki" that took approximately 35 years to write; "Genji Monogatari Tama no Ogushi," commentaries on Genji Monogatari; and "Tamakatsuma."
Japanese: 宣長の代表作には、約35年を費やして執筆された『古事記』註釈の集大成『古事記伝』や、『源氏物語』の注解『源氏物語玉の小櫛』、『玉勝間』などがある。
English: He emphasized the natural feelings and spirit that had been inherited from ancient times, and criticized the imported teachings of Confucius, i.e., Chinese-mindedness called 'karagokoro', as teachings that were contrary to nature.
Japanese: 大昔から脈々と伝わる自然情緒や精神を第一義とし、外来的な孔子の教え（「漢意」）を自然に背く考えであると非難した。
English: Yet, it is also pointed out that he was greatly affected by Sorai's methodology of study, the study of ancient words.
Japanese: しかし、徂徠の学問の方法論である古文辞学からは多大な影響を受けていることも指摘されている。
English: Epoch-making "Kojikiden" had an impact on people in those days, and eventually became the origin of the study of Japanese classical culture.
Japanese: 『古事記伝』の画期は、当時の人々に衝撃的に受け入れられ、やがて国学の源流を形成してゆく。