nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Takoyaki is sold outside Japan, but people except for the Mediterranean population (in southern Europe) or Mexicans have no custom of eating octopus, and sometimes takoyaki without octopus or with alternative ingredients acceptable to local people is offered.
Japanese: 日本国外に進出したたこ焼き店も見られるが、地中海沿岸地域（南ヨーロッパ）やメキシコ以外ではタコを食べる習慣がないため、現地で受け入れられるような食材を代わりに入れるか、あるいは具を入れないで焼き上げたものが売られている場合がある。
English: One-trip containers on or into which takoyaki is put are mostly boat-shaped trays made of paper-thin sheets of wood (kyogi), but some containers are made of paper, styrene foam or thin plastic sheets.
Japanese: たこ焼きを盛り付けるか入れる使い捨ての容器は、薄く削いだ木（経木）によるボート形の皿が一般的だが、紙製・発泡スチロールの容器、薄いプラスチックの容器などもある。
English: When you order takeout takoyaki, the container is wrapped in wrapping paper, or put in another container made of slim plastic sheets.
Japanese: 持ち帰りでは舟形の容器を包装紙で包むか舟形の容器をさらに薄いプラスチックの容器に入れる。
English: Popular takoyaki in takoyaki restaurants have a thin and rather hard surface croute, and its center is typically as creamy as Monjayaki (a type of Japanese pan-fried batter with various ingredients).
Japanese: 専門店のたこ焼きは、表面の皮状の部分が薄くやや堅い状態に焼け、内部がもんじゃ焼きのようにとろみのあるものが人気がある。
English: But in Osaka, the home of takoyaki, people do not like takoyaki with a crispy surface, but prefer soft surface croute, baked only to the extent that the croute is barely able to keep its shape.
Japanese: ただし本場の大阪では外側のクリスピーな食感は好まれず、表面の皮状の部分も柔らかく、成形した形を保てる限度の焼き加減が好まれる。
English: Since around 1965, food wagons selling takoyaki have been observed in the Kanto region.
Japanese: 昭和40年代になると、関東地方でも屋台での販売が見られるようになる。
English: Some food wagons in the Ginza, Tokyo offered takoyaki with minced shrimp mixed into it, and it became very popular due to its original flavor.
Japanese: 東京・銀座では生地にエビのすり身を入れたたこ焼きの屋台が独特の風味で人気を博した。
English: In the mid-1990s a lot of chain takoyaki restaurants including Kyotako entered into Shibuya Center-Gai and other areas in Tokyo, and created a big takoyaki boom.
Japanese: 1990年代中盤から、京たこをはじめとするチェーン店のたこ焼き店が、渋谷センター街などの東京都に数多く進出し、一大ブームとなった。
English: On the other hand, varieties of takoyaki are appearing in the Kinki region, including takoyaki with ingredients other than octopus, takoyaki with different special sauces, and takoyaki served in a soup or udon (Japanese wheat noodle).
Japanese: 一方、関西圏でもたこ以外の具材を入れたたこ焼き、ソースに工夫を凝らしたたこ焼き、スープやうどんなどに入れて販売するたこ焼きなど、多様性に富むようになっている。
English: In 2002, an indie song titled 'The Song of Takoyaki' (sung by Kaori UTAKA and Tako Ball Kids), produced by Nobuyuki KAMITANI, the president of Raple Co., Ltd., was released and its CD has sold more than ten thousand copies particularly in Osaka.
Japanese: 2002年には株式会社ラプレ社長の上谷信幸プロデュースによるコンパクトディスク「たこやきのうた」（歌：宇高香里とたこボールキッズ）がインディーズで発売され、大阪を中心に出荷枚数は1万枚を突破している。
English: It is usually dusted with aonori (dried powdered seaweed) and dried bonito shavings, and sometimes smothered in mayonnaise if you like it.
Japanese: 通常は青海苔と鰹節がまぶされ、好みによってさらにこれにマヨネーズをかける。
English: If no seasonings are added to takoyaki after it is finished, you can eat it without any seasonings, (Takoyaki is usually served without seasonings when it already has some flavor.) or you can eat it after adding soy sauce, or ponzu sauce or salt these days.
Japanese: 焼き上げられた後にソースなど調味料が塗られていない場合、なにも調味料をつけないで食べる（本体に味付されている場合は何もつけられず供される）ほか、食べる際に醤油、最近ではポン酢や食塩で味付けして食べることもある。
English: When it is served, it is immersed in clear, salted dashi broth soup (mainly made from small pieces of sliced dried bonito).
Japanese: 塩味を付けた澄まし汁のようなだし汁（主として鰹節だし）に浸した状態で供される。
English: This style of takoyaki, strongly influenced by "Akashi-yaki," is more common in an area between the west of Kobe City and Himeji City.
Japanese: 神戸市西部から姫路市あたりにみられ、明石焼きに強く影響を受けたものである。
English: Baked balls of wheat flour that resemble takoyaki, but contain more egg than takoyaki are served lined up on a wooden plate similar to Manaita (cutting board), and you dip them into clear dashi broth soup before you eat them.
Japanese: 卵の比率が多いたこ焼きと同様の食品をまな板状の木皿に並べて、澄まし汁状の出汁に浸しながら食べるもの。
English: The following is a rough summary of opinions heard from clerks of different takoyaki restaurants and from people who often make takoyaki at home.
Japanese: いろんな店の店員や、家庭でよく作る人たちの意見を大まかにまとめると、以下のようになる。
English: But this is not a complete recipe of takoyaki, because there are different styles and peculiar tastes for takoyaki according to restaurants and people who make it.
Japanese: もっとも、たこ焼きは店や作る人によって流儀やこだわりがあり、これが全てではない。
English: As there are no definite standards or definitions, it is impossible to name specific sources or supporting data.
Japanese: 規格や規定があるわけではないので明確な出典や資料を示すことは不可能である。
English: (You should keep the water or soup as cool as possible in order to suppress the formation of gluten. Some stores use ice water.)
Japanese: （グルテンの生成を抑える為、温度は低い方がよい。店によっては氷水を使う店もある）
English: Dissolve until they become something between very thick to very thin, and use it as the dough.
Japanese: 粘度が高く濃い状態～薄く粘度の低い状態になる程度に溶いて生地を作る。
English: In some cases, a small amount of grated yam is added to the dough. (After this, some stores leave the dough for half a day. They say it is necessary to leave the dough for a while in order to make fluffy takoyaki.)
Japanese: 生地に少量のすり下ろしたとろろを加える場合もある（店によってはこの後半日寝かす。ふんわりと仕上げるには寝かした方が良い、とのこと）。
English: The viscosity of the dough is a key point in making takoyaki; if it is too thick, takoyaki will taste like dango (sweet rice dumpling); on the other hand, if it is too thin, moisture will evaporate from the dough while it is heated and takoyaki will shrink.
Japanese: この溶き具合はたこ焼きの要で、濃すぎると団子のような焼き上がりになり、薄すぎると焼いているうちに水分が逃げて縮んでしまう。
English: However, just as in the case of okonomiyaki, you can purchase 'takoyaki-ko,' wheat flour mixed with dashi broth soup and grated yam in perfect condition, at the supermarket, and it will do as long as you are not very particular about the taste of takoyaki.
Japanese: なお、お好み焼き粉と同様に、だしやとろろ芋が最適な状態でブレンドされた「たこ焼き粉」もスーパーなどで入手でき、特にこだわりがなければ十分である。
English: Heat up a special iron plate with many hemispheric dents on it using a special stove, apply cooking oil on the plate with a brush, and pour the dough into the dents until they almost overflow.
Japanese: 半球のくぼみが多数付いた専用の鉄板を専用コンロで加熱して、刷毛等で食用油を引き、くぼみの中へ生地をひたひたになるまで流し込む。
English: Then put octopus, boiled and cut into small cubes, into each dent and quickly scatter red pickled ginger and tenkasu (crunchy bits of deep-fried dough produced as a byproduct of cooking tempura) onto it.
Japanese: 続いて細かく切ったゆで蛸を入れ、紅生姜・天かす・をざっと振りかけるように素早く入れる。
English: When the bottom of the dough roasts to the extent that a thin skin is beginning to form on the surface, turn it over with a special tool which looks like an eyeleteer (a bodkin).
Japanese: 裏面が薄く膜状に焼けてきたら専用の千枚通しのような道具でひっくり返す。
English: If you want to make takoyaki with a creamy center, you had better avoid turning it over too often, in addition to taking much care of the viscosity of the dough.
Japanese: 何度もひっくり返ししすぎないのが内部をとろみのある状態に仕上げるコツであるが、それには前述のように最適な溶き具合も要求される。
English: It is most delicious when the surface is a little solid and the center is creamy, not completely solidified.
Japanese: 表面は少し固く、中は完全に固まらずクリーム状にとろみのある状態が上手い焼き方である。
English: Particularly in the Kinki region, cooking devices with dents in which takoyaki is to be baked are called 'Takoyaki-ki' (devices for takoyaki).
Japanese: 特に近畿圏において、たこ焼き用の凹みのついた調理器具は「たこ焼き器」と呼ばれる。
English: Round-shaped Takoyaki-ki of the old type is large enough to accommodate a charcoal stove because it is heated by the stove.
Japanese: 古いタイプの丸形のたこ焼き器は、火力に練炭火鉢を使用するため、大きさもこの大きさに合わせた物となっている。
English: There are sticks exclusively for turning over takoyaki, which are very long (except for the grip) because otherwise you might burn your hand when you turn over takoyaki.
Japanese: たこ焼きを裏返すための串は、手元が熱いため串先の長い専用のものがある。
English: Some stores use a serving chopstick made of bamboo (not a pair of chopsticks but, a chopstick) instead of a stick, in order not to damage Takoyaki-ki.
Japanese: 店によっては、たこ焼き器が傷つかないように竹製の菜箸（ただし1本）を使うことも多い。
English: Old-style takoyaki is not turned over; you bake hemispheres of takoyaki, turn over Takoyaki-ki itself and make the two corresponding iron plates face each other.
Japanese: なお、古いスタイルではたこ焼きを裏返さず、片面だけ焼き、たこ焼き器ごと裏返して、対となる鉄板の上にかぶせる。
English: When you turn the Takoyaki-ki back to its original position, complete balls of takoyaki are left on the iron plate.
Japanese: たこ焼き器を戻すと、鉄板の上に出来上がりのたこ焼きが残る仕組みとなっている。
English: Formerly this type of takoyaki was served in Snack Park on the basement of Hanshin department store, but it isn't there any longer.
Japanese: このスタイルのたこ焼きは、阪神百貨店地下スナックパークなどで供されていたが、現在はなくなってしまった。
English: Any store in the Kinki region dealing in cooking devices sells the utensils stated above.
Japanese: これらの器具は、近畿圏で調理器具を扱っている店ならどこでも売られている。
English: Many full-fledged or professional-use tools are sold at the Doguya-Suji (street of professional kitchen utensil shops), Sennichimae, Nipponbashi (Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 本格的な物、あるいは業務用は日本橋(大阪府)・千日前の道具屋筋に多く見受けられる。
English: Takoyaki began to be sold in Lotte World, an amusement park, in 2003 and gained popularity along with 'The Song of Takoyaki,' which was translated into Korean.
Japanese: 2003年に遊戯施設のロッテワールド内で販売が始まり、「たこ焼きのうた」と共に人気を博し、韓国語カバーが出た。
English: Takoyaki became more popular with the success of this song, and food wagons dealing in takoyaki spread all over Seoul.
Japanese: この曲のヒットと共にたこ焼きの人気が上がり、ソウル特別市市内各地に屋台が広がった。
English: In 1990s a restaurant chain named 'Ship of the Sun' was established, and began to sell takoyaki in the name of 'Octopus small meatball.'
Japanese: 1990年代に「日の船」というチェーン店ができ、そこでは「章魚小丸子」の名で売られている。
English: Many homemade sauces are sweet, and not just sauce, but also condensed milk is spread over takoyaki in Ship of the Sun.
Japanese: ソースが自家製の場合、甘味の味が多く、日の船においてはソースのほか練乳による味付けもなされる。
English: Some Japanese-style izakaya bars had served takoyaki since early times, and in 2001 the Taiwanese enterprise Ship of the Sun 'Octopus small meatball' established corporation in the mainland China and started opening a far-reaching chain in big cities.
Japanese: 日本式居酒屋のメニューにはあったが、2001年にやはり台湾の日の船「章魚小丸子」が中国大陸で法人を設立し、各大都市でのチェーン展開を進めている。
English: The first daughter of the Sultan of Jogjakarta got to like the taste and easiness of takoyaki as she frequently visited Japan for PR activities, and invited the opening of the first takoyaki restaurant in Jogjakarta in 2006.
Japanese: ジョグジャカルタスルタン家の第1王女がPR活動で来日を重ねるうちに、たこ焼きの味と手軽さにほれ込み、2006年、ジョクジャカルタに第1号店を誘致。
English: "Henohenomoheji" face-like pictographs are created by playing around with and arranging seven hiragana phonetic syllables to form the caricature of a human face as a picture (letter picture).
Japanese: へのへのもへじは、これら7つの平仮名のみを使い人の顔を模した図柄を描く文字遊び（文字絵）である。
English: It is not clear when the "Henohenomoheji" caricatures were invented however, is thought to be a forerunner of present day emoticons.
Japanese: いつごろ考えられたのかは定かではないが、現在の顔文字の始祖的なものである。
English: Each hiragana phonetic syllable has a function: the first and second 'he' (へ) hiragana phonetic syllables form both eyebrows, the two 'no' (の) hiragana phonetic syllables are used for the eyes, the 'mo' (も) syllable forms the nose and the third 'he' (へ) syllable is used for the mouth, while the 'ji' (じ) syllable forms the outline of the face.
Japanese: 最初と2番目の「へ」が両の眉を、2つの「の」が両目を、「も」が鼻を、3番目の「へ」が口を、「じ」が顔の輪郭をそれぞれ表している。
English: This face caricature is often used in manga, especially humorous manga, as a stereotyped scarecrow figure.
Japanese: 漫画、とくにギャグ漫画においては、ステレオタイプで典型的なかかしの顔としてしばしば用いられる。
English: Similarly there are other versions that use different combinations of letters: 'Henohenomoheno' (へのへのもへの), 'Hemehemekutsuji' (へめへめくつじ), 'Hemehemeshikoji' (へめへめしこじ), 'Heneheneshikoshi' (へねへねしこし), and 'Shinishinishinin' (しにしにしにん; the first and second 'shi' (し) are drawn sideways and the 'n' (ん) is drawn like a cleft chin).
Japanese: 同様の文字の組み合わせとして「へのへのもへの」、「へめへめくつじ」、「へめへめしこじ」、「へねへねしこし」「しにしにしにん」(1,2のしは横に、んはケツあご風に)になどがある。
English: Also, there is another version called 'Tsuruniha OO mushi' (つるニハOOムし): 'tsu' (つ) represents a bald head, 'ru' (る) the ears, 'ni' (ニ) wrinkles on the brow, 'ha' (ハ) the eyebrows, 'OO' the eyes, 'mu' (ム) the nose and the 'shi' (し) syllable forms the outline of the face (there is no mouth) with each of the letters representing a part of an overall caricature of an elderly person's face.
Japanese: また、「つるニハ○○ムし」（つるにはまるまるむし）というものもあり、「つ」が禿頭、「る」が耳、「ニ」が額のしわ、「ハ」が両眉毛、「○○」が両目、「ム」が鼻、「し」が顔の輪郭をそれぞれ表し（口はない）、全体で老人の顔になる。
English: Desiccated foods are foods that have been dried with the aim of enhancing flavor and storage qualities.
Japanese: 乾物（かんぶつ）とは、保存性や食味の向上を目的として水分を抜き乾燥させた食品のことである。
English: Stores that specialize in desiccated foods are known as 'dried food stores' however, such stores have become scarce in recent times and in their stead, supermarkets, department stores and internet shopping retail have spread.
Japanese: 乾物を専門に売る店を「乾物屋」というが、現在では数が少なく、代わりにスーパーマーケット、百貨店や、インターネットショッピングなどで広く販売されている。
English: As part of trade between China and Japan, Japanese desiccated foods were a commodity brought into China (Three types of desiccated foods were often used as an ingredient in Chinese food: shark fin, dried abalone and, dried sea cucumber).
Japanese: 中国との貿易で日本から乾物が中国へと持ち込まれ、中華料理の材料となったものも多い（俵物三品　ふかひれ、干しアワビ、干しなまこ）。
English: "Kyudo" is a Japanese martial art in which the mind and body are trained through a series of conduct in shooting a Japanese bow and arrow at a target.
Japanese: 弓道（きゅうどう）は、和弓を用いて矢を射て、的(弓道)に中（あ）てる一連の所作を通して心身の鍛錬をする日本の武道。
English: It developed long ago as Kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery) for tactics and military art, and today it's also considered a sport or a healthful exercise.
Japanese: 古くから弓術として戦術、武芸として発展し、現在ではスポーツ、健康体育の面も持ち合わせている。
English: Meanwhile, some schools from ancient times still exist and are preserving the traditional school while coexisting with modern Kyudo.
Japanese: 一方で古来から続く流派も存在し、現代の弓道と共存しながら古流を守り続けている。
English: It's a nationwide organization affiliated with the JOC, the Japan Amateur Sports Association and the Nippon Budo Kyogikai (Japan Budo Association).
Japanese: 全国規模の組織であり、JOC、日本体育協会、日本武道協議会に加盟している。
English: Fifty-four local federations from all prefectures are affiliated (Tokyo Prefecture has three district federations--First, Second, Third--and Hokkaido has six district federations--Central, Western, Southern, Eastern, Chubu and Northern).
Japanese: 全都道府県の54地方連盟（東京都は第一・第二・第三の3地区連盟、北海道は中央・西部・南部・東部・中部・北部の6地区連盟）が加盟している。
English: In 2006, they were formed around the All Nippon Kyudo Federation as an international organization for Kyudo, but as of 2008 no real activity is taking place.
Japanese: 2006年、弓道の国際組織として全日本弓道連盟を中心に結成されたが、2008年現在本格的な活動は行われていない。
English: Additionally, there are occupational organizations such as faculty federations and businessmen's federations, as well as school organizations.
Japanese: その他、教職員連盟・実業団連盟などの職域組織、流派組織などが存在する。
English: Large-scale school organizations include Zaidanhojin Seikyukai (Seikyukai Foundation) (Honda-ryu school), Ogasawararyu Domonkai and Urakami Domonkai (Heki-ryu Insai-ha).
Japanese: 流派組織の規模の大きなものとして、財団法人生弓会（本多流）、小笠原流同門会、浦上同門会（日置流印西派（いんさいは））などがある。
English: According to a study by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation in 2003, the number of registered Kyudo federations (local federations) nationwide was around 126,000.
Japanese: 平成15年度の全日本弓道連盟による調査では、全国各地区の弓道連盟（地連）の登録人数は約12万6千人である。
English: The male-to-female ratio was roughly 1:1, with about 61,000 high school students (49%), about 44,000 from the general public (35%), about 11,000 junior high school students (9%) and about 10,000 college students (7%).
Japanese: 男女比はほぼ1対1で、高校生が約6万1千人（49%）、一般が約4万4千人（35%）、中学生が約1万1千人（9%）、大学生が約1万人（7%）である。
English: However, this study needs to take into account that unless receiving a review or participating in matches, registration with the federation isn't mandatory.
Japanese: ただこの調査結果は、審査を受審・試合に参加するのでなければ連盟への登録は必須ではない点を考慮する必要があるだろう。
English: Looking at the number of players by prefecture based on local federation registrants, the top five were Aichi Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Hokkaido (a total of six district federations), Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo Prefecture (a total of three district federations), and the bottom five prefectures were Okinawa Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture, Akita Prefecture, Shimane Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture, in ascending order.
Japanese: 地連登録者をもとに都道府県別競技人口を見ると、上位5位は愛知県、神奈川県、北海道（6地区連盟の合計）、埼玉県、東京都（3地区連盟の合計）、下位5県は下位から沖縄県、和歌山県、秋田県、島根県、鳥取県である。
English: Junior high school students varied widely depending on the region, with local federation registrants of Tochigi, Aichi and Kagoshima numbering close to 2,000, while many local federations had figures ranging from none up to a few dozen.
Japanese: 中学生は地域により大きなばらつきがあり、栃木、愛知、鹿児島各地連の登録者が2千人近くに対し、登録者なしから数十人の地連も多い。
English: High school students numbered approximately 60,000 players despite the recent decline in the birthrate, and thus shared the highest number of players in martial arts, surpassing the number of Kendo (Japanese art of fencing) players.
Japanese: 高校生では、近年の少子化傾向のなかにあっても競技者数は6万人前後を維持しており、剣道競技者を上回って武道では最も競技者が多い
English: Popularity varied widely depending on the region; for example, in Aichi Prefecture half the high schools have Kyudo-bu, while in Tokyo and Osaka it was about 10%.
Japanese: 普及の地域差は大きく、愛知県では半数の高校に弓道部があるが、東京都、大阪府では10％前後である。
English: Although various schools such as the Ogasawara school, Heki-ryu school, Honda-ryu school and Yamato-ryu school still exist and are active, the majority of Kyudo-ka (those who do Kyudo) don't belong to schools but follow the shooting form (Shaho hassetsu (eight arts of shooting an arrow)) defined by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation.
Japanese: 現在でも小笠原流、日置流、本多流、大和流など様々な流派が存在し活動しているものの、大多数の弓道家は流派には所属せず、全日本弓道連盟の定めた射法（射法八節）に従っている。
English: Since some of the people belonging to schools belong to the All Nippon Kyudo Federation and receive reviews, the federation and the many school organizations are not in conflict.
Japanese: 流派の人々も全日本弓道連盟に所属し審査を受けている場合もあり、連盟と多くの流派組織は対立しているわけではない。
English: The Reisha group refers to a shooting lineage that developed with elements of courtesy and ceremony, but in reality it refers to the Ogasawara school lineage.
Japanese: 礼射系は儀礼・儀式的な要素が加味されつつ発展した射の系統を言うが、事実上小笠原流系統をさす。
English: The Busha group refers to the shooting lineage that developed with focus on practical benefits on the battlefield, and it refers to the Heki-ryu school lineage.
Japanese: 武射系は戦場での実利を重視して発展してきた射の系統を言い、事実上日置流系統をさす。
English: The Honda-ryu school is a Busha group school with a parent organization that is a Dosha lineage of the Heki-ryu school, known for excelling at Toshiya (long-range archery) at the Sanjusangendo Temple, and they adopted Shomen-uchiokoshi (shooting with front-facing posture), which was originally performed in the Reisha group.
Japanese: 本多流は、三十三間堂の通し矢を得意とした日置流の堂射系統が母体で、本来は礼射系で行っていた正面打起しを取り入た、武射系の流派である。
English: Kyudo attracted the attention of foreigners through books such as "Zen in the Art of Archery," by Eugen Herrigel, in which the focus on spirituality was introduced, and even though it isn't an Olympic sport it's enjoyed especially in Europe and the United States with sports associations established there.
Japanese: 弓道は『弓と禅』（オイゲン・ヘリゲル著）などの著作で精神性を重んじる面が取り上げられたことなどから外国人の関心を惹き、オリンピック種目でないにもかかわらず欧米各国中心に競技団体が設立され愛好されている。
English: However, even in Germany, where it's most popular, the number of registrants in the German Kyudo Federation is about 1,100, while the federations in other countries have several hundred at most.
Japanese: ただ最も盛んなドイツでもドイツ弓道連盟登録者数は約1,100人、他国連盟は多くても数百人である。
English: On May 2, 2006, the International Kyudo Federation was founded in order to popularize and promote Kyudo.
Japanese: 2006年5月2日、弓道の普及と振興等を図るため国際弓道連盟が創設された。
English: Kyujutsu, which was a profession of the samurai, was forced to make a major change with the times from the end of Edo period to the Meiji.
Japanese: 武士の表芸である弓術は時代の流れに伴い江戸時代末期から明治にかけて大きく変遷を強いられた。
English: At the end of the Edo period, in 1862, the 'ceremony of presenting Kyujutsu' at the Edo bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was abolished, and Kyujutsu was eliminated from the subjects taught at Kobusho (institute for martial arts training).
Japanese: 江戸末期の文久2年（1862年）、江戸幕府での「弓術上覧の儀」が廃止され、講武所の教科目からも弓術が除外された。
English: Then, with the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867, traditional Kyujutsu culture was forced into a decline when the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate and samurai society collapsed.
Japanese: 続く慶応3年（1867年）の大政奉還により伝統的な弓術文化は幕藩体制・武士社会の崩壊と共に大きく衰退を余儀なくされた。
English: In 1871, with the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), martial arts education at hanko (a domain school) disappeared and its practicality was lost not only in Kyujutsu but in martial arts in general, further accelerating the decline of martial arts.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）には廃藩置県により藩校で行われていた武術教育も姿を消し、弓術に限らず武術全般で実用性が見いだされなくなり、武術衰退に拍車をかけた。
English: Until the Meiji Restoration, with some exceptions, only members of the samurai class were allowed to draw bows, but after the restoration the common people were allowed to draw bows, and it rapidly became a game or an amusement.
Japanese: 明治維新以前は、弓を引くことは一部の例外を除いて武士階級のみが許されていたが、維新後は一般庶民でも弓が引けるようになり、急速に遊戯化・娯楽化が進んだ。
English: On the other hand, Yumiya (bow and arrow) as a tool for pleasure already existed among the common people, and gambling archery halls at public resorts were very popular in urban areas after the revolution.
Japanese: 他方で既に遊興の道具としての弓矢は民衆の間で存在しており、盛り場での賭弓場が維新後の都市部で大流行した。
English: Many of the gambling archery halls were entertainment and amusement businesses, and they flourished so much that the Meiji government enacted restrictions.
Japanese: 賭弓場の多くは風俗営業であり、明治政府より規制を加えられるほど盛況になった。
English: By early Meiji, Yumiire/Kyusha culture declined to the extent that the bow was often associated with gambling archery halls.
Japanese: 明治初期には一般的に弓と言えば賭弓場を連想するほどに弓射文化は衰退していった。
English: While the public Kyudo dojos (training halls) disappeared under such social conditions, Japanese Kyudo and its traditional culture survived thanks to activities by sincere Kyujutsu-ka (those who do Kyujutsu), who worked on properly passing down the ancient Kyujutsu traditions by opening private Kyudo dojos, etc.
Japanese: この様な世相に煽られ公的な弓道場が姿を消していく中、私設弓道場を開くなど弓術古来からの伝統を正しく引き継ごうとする真摯な弓術家の活動により、日本弓道の命脈・伝統文化は保たれていった。
English: In the mid-Meiji, with the beginning of elementary education, full enforcement of conscription, victory in the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo wars, etc., a nationalistic thinking arose in society along with a surge in patriotism.
Japanese: 明治中期に入ると初等教育の開始や徴兵制の徹底、日清戦争・日露戦争での勝利等を背景に、愛国心の高まりと共に社会情勢は国家主義的思想が台頭した。
English: Martial arts began being used as national policy, and citizens once again recognized and respected the various martial arts, including Kyudo and Bushido (the code of the samurai).
Japanese: 国策により武道が利用されはじめ、国民は弓道を含めた各種武道・武士道の再認識・尊重をするようになった。
English: This social trend led to the 1895 founding of Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, an organization managing various martial arts, by key figures living in Kyoto, and was headquartered in the Butokuden constructed in the precincts of Heian-jingu Shrine in Kyoto.
Japanese: このような社会風潮を受け明治28年（1895年）、京都在住の有識者により各種武道・武術を統括する団体として大日本武徳会が設立され、京都の平安神宮境内に建設された武徳殿を本部とした。
English: Various martial arts, including Kyujutsu, shifted their focus from technique to the cultivation of the Japanese spirit, and in 1920 the Bujutsu Senmon Gakko was renamed as Budo Senmon Gakko.
Japanese: 弓術をはじめとする各武術は、技術を目的とした武術を改め大和心涵養を目的とした武道とし、大正8年（1920年）武術専門学校を武道専門学校と改称。
English: On the other hand, in reaction to the sentiment, "It's good as long as it hits," which prevailed in the period of decline, a tendency toward the sentiment, "If the shooting form is good, it doesn't matter if it does not hit," meaning an overemphasis on the spirit, was becoming common.
Japanese: 反面、遊興的に『中りさえすれば良い』とした衰退期の反動から『射型さえ良ければ中らなくても良い』とする風潮や、過度な精神偏重が広まるという側面もあった。
English: Additionally, from the Taisho period to the early Showa, a shooting form called Shomen-uchiokoshi (shooting with front-facing posture), as performed by the Honda-ryu school and its disciples, became very popular.
Japanese: また、大正から昭和初期にかけて、本多流とその弟子達によって行われていた正面打起しの射法が大流行した。