nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to their plan scheme, the Western squad including Mitsunari rose, but Ienaga was killed in the Battle of Fushimi-jo Castle, the preliminary skirmish of the Battle of Sekigahara, together with Mototada and Ietada.
Japanese: 目論見どおり、三成ら西軍は挙兵したが、家長は元忠、家忠らと共に関ヶ原の戦いの前哨戦である伏見城の戦いで戦死した。
English: After his death, his oldest son, Masanaga took over as the head of the family and to honor his father's achievements killed in the battle, his revenues were increased by 10,000 koku.
Japanese: 彼の死後、家督は長男の政長が後を継ぎ、戦死した父の功績を賞されて、1万石を加増されている。
English: He served the Tokugawa clan along with his father Tadayo, who was the bodyguard of the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and joined his first battle in October 1614 at the Osaka Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka, also known as the Siege of Osaka).
Japanese: 征夷大将軍徳川秀忠付きの父・忠世とともに徳川氏に仕え、慶長19年（1614年）10月の大坂冬の陣（大坂の役）で初陣。
English: In January 1615, he was appointed as the Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) in the Awa Province, and distinguished himself at the Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) in April.
Japanese: 翌慶長20年（1615年）1月には従五位阿波国に任じられ、4月の大坂夏の陣では武功を挙げた。
English: In 1623, he became an official in charge of the ceremonies at the western citadel of a castle and was granted a shoryo (territory) of 20,000 koku in the Itabana domain in the Kozuke Province.
Japanese: 元和(日本)9年（1623年）に西の丸奏者となり、寛永2年（1625年）には上野国板鼻藩に2万石の所領を与えられた。
English: In 1627, he accompanied Hidetada TOKUGAWA, an ogosho (leading or influential figure) who resigned from the position of shogun, and Iemitsu TOKUGAWA (Hidetada and Iemitsu were father and son) and went to Kyoto.
Japanese: 寛永3年（1627年）には、将軍職を譲った大御所秀忠と徳川家光父子の上洛に従った。
English: As a representative for Hidetada, he visited Nikko Toshogu Shrine in 1631.
Japanese: 寛永8年（1631年）には秀忠の名代として日光東照宮参詣を務めている。
English: After the death of Hidetada in 1632, Tadayuki was appointed as an official in charge of the ceremonies at the inner citadel of a castle and served shogun Iemitsu.
Japanese: 寛永9年（1632年）、秀忠の死後には本丸奏者に任じられ将軍家光に仕えた。
English: When Tadayo moved to the Nishinomaru-yashiki from the 土橋口屋敷 in the Edo-jo Castle, Tadayuki moved to 土橋口 from 大橋外屋敷.
Japanese: 忠世が江戸城土橋口屋敷から西の丸屋敷へ移ると、忠行が大橋外屋敷から土橋口へ入る。
English: In 1633, along with a series of measures and the policy that were performed as a part of the rule of the new reign of the new monarch by Iemitsu, Tadayuki was given an additional 10,000 koku.
Japanese: 翌寛永10年（1633年）には、家光の御代始めに伴い1万石の加増を受けた。
English: In July 1634, Nishinomaru-yashiki residence was totally destroyed by fire while Iemitsu was in Kyoto.
Japanese: 寛永11年（1634年）7月には家光の上洛中に西の丸が失火して全焼。
English: While Tadayo resigned from the first on the list of the close associates of Shogun due to the totally burn down of the Nishinomaru, Tadayuki once again obtained the position of sosha (a person in charge of informing a shogun or daimyo of the name of visitors to the residence before a meeting).
Japanese: 西の丸失火により忠世は筆頭年寄を退いているが、忠行は奏者へ復職している。
English: In March 1636, Tadayuki took over as the head of the family when Tadayo died, and inherited the property inheritance in the Maebashi Domain.
Japanese: 寛永13年（1636年）3月、忠世の死去により家督と前橋藩の遺領を相続した。
English: After that, he established a position of bugyo (magistrate) with the aim of conducting stable domain duties, but he also fell sick and died on December 13, 1636, at the age of 37.
Japanese: その後、藩政を安定させるために奉行職を設けるなどしたが自身も病に臥せ、同年11月17日、37歳で死去。
English: Sadayoshi TOKI (1580 - February 22, 1619) was a busho (Japanese military commander) and a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) from the Azuchi-Momoyama to the early Edo periods.
Japanese: 土岐定義（ときさだよし、1580年（天正8年）-1619年2月22日（元和(日本)5年1月8日(旧暦)））は、安土桃山時代、江戸時代前期の武将、大名。
English: His children were Yoriyuki TOKI (the oldest son), Toshisada TAKIGAWA (the second son), Yoritoyo TOKI (土岐頼豊, the third son), Yorichika TOKI (the fourth son), Yorihisa TOKI (the fifth son) and the daughter (the lawful wife of Sukenari MAKINO [牧野尹成]).
Japanese: 子は土岐頼行（長男）、滝川利貞（次男）、土岐頼豊（三男）、土岐頼親（四男）、土岐頼久（五男）、娘（牧野尹成正室）。
English: As his oldest brother died young, he took over as the head of the family after his father Sadamasa died in 1597.
Japanese: 長兄が早世したため、慶長2年（1597年）の父・定政の死後、家督を継いだ。
English: Serving Hidetada TOKUGAWA, in the Battle of Sekigahara, he followed the Hidetada's army and joined the attack on Ueda-jo Castle in the Shinano Province kept by Masayuki SANADA.
Japanese: 徳川秀忠に仕え、関ヶ原の戦いでは秀忠軍に従って真田昌幸が守る信濃国上田城攻めに参加した。
English: When Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no daibu [mayor of the right capital district]) in the Hitachi Province, was transferred to Akita with reduced revenues in 1602, he worked to secure Mito-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長7年（1602年）、常陸国の佐竹義宣(右京大夫)が秋田に減移封されたとき、水戸城の守備を務めた。
English: In Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) from 1614, he engaged in the battles during winter, but he was appointed to the keeper of Edo-jo Castle during summer.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）からの大坂の役では、冬では秀忠軍に従って参戦したが、夏では江戸城の守備を任じられた。
English: In 1617, he was transferred to the Takatsuki Domain, Settsu Province, with an increased 20,000 koku and he died on February 22, 1619 at age 40.
Japanese: 元和3年（1617年）、摂津国高槻藩2万石に加増移封され、元和5年（1619年）1月8日、40歳で死去。
English: Komahime (1581 - September 5, 1595) was the second daughter of Yoshiaki MOGAMI and Osaki Fujin, and was a concubine of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: 駒姫（こまひめ、天正7年（1581年）-文禄4年8月2日(旧暦)（1595年9月5日））は、最上義光と大崎夫人の二女で、豊臣秀次の側室。
English: Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, the chief adviser to the Emperor at the time, heard about Komahime having the reputation of the most beautiful girl in the eastern part of Japan, pressed Yoshimitsu to offer Komahime as a concubine to him.
Japanese: 時の関白・豊臣秀次は、東国一の美少女と名高かった駒姫の噂を聞き、側室に差し出すよう義光に迫った。
English: Although Yoshimitsu kept refusing, he was consequently forced into promising to have Komahime marry into Kyoto from Yamagata when Komahime turned fifteen years old.
Japanese: 義光は断ったが度重なる要求に折れ、十五歳になったら娘を山形から京へと嫁がせると約束する羽目に陥る。
English: In fact, the episode where Yoshimitsu had Komahime entertain Hidetsugu, who stopped in Yamagata-jo Castle on the way back from the subjugation of Masazane KUNOHE, was probably a fictitious story made up in later ages.
Japanese: なお、九戸政実討伐の帰途、山形城に立ち寄った秀次を、義光が駒姫に接待させたという挿話は後世の創作とみたほうが妥当である。
English: After Komahime arrived in Kyoto in 1595, she was in the Mogami's residence relieving her weariness of a long journey.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）、駒姫は京に到着し、最上屋敷で長旅の疲れを癒していた。
English: However, on July 15, Hidetsugi was forced to commit Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) on Mt. Koya by order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: ところが、七月十五日、秀次は豊臣秀吉の命により高野山で切腹させられてしまった。
English: Komahime was also forcibly taken to Sanjo-gawara Riverside with the other concubines of Hidetsugu on August 2, and was the eleventh to be executed.
Japanese: そして駒姫も、八月二日に他の秀次の側室達と共に、三条河原に引き立てられ十一番目に処刑された。
English: Komahime's father Yoshimitsu desperately pleaded for her life visiting various quarters, and there was also an outcry to save her life from various people.
Japanese: 父の義光が必死で助命嘆願に廻り、各方面からも処刑せぬようにと声があがった。
English: As it became hard for Hideyoshi to ignore this, Hideyoshi dispatched a fast post-horse to the execution ground to stop the execution of her with an order 'to have her become a priest in Kamakura.'
Japanese: 秀吉もついにこれを無視できなくなり「鎌倉で尼にするように」と早馬を処刑場に派遣した。
English: Her death poem was 'I will be killed by the sword of merciful Mida (Amitabha) who brings criminals to justice, and I have certainly not committed any of the five sins that prevents someone from ascending to heaven'.
Japanese: 辞世の句は｢罪をきる弥陀の剣にかかる身のなにか五つの障りあるべき」（慈悲深い弥陀様の剣に斬られる私に、どうして往生できない五つの罪があるのでしょうか）。
English: This death poem, covered by her favorite kimono, is kept in the Kyoto National Museum with those of other executed concubines.
Japanese: この辞世は彼女愛用の着物で表装され、他の処刑者のものとともに京都国立博物館に保存されている。
English: The bodies were thrown into a hole dug impromptu, and a monument was placed on it which had inscribed threeon the words of 'Chikushozuka' (Mound of Beasts).
Japanese: その場で掘られた穴に投げ込まれ、さらにその上に「畜生塚」と刻まれた碑が置かれた。
English: What they did was so brutal that the Kyoto citizens felt that even the word 'shameless' could not express their disgust.
Japanese: そのむごたらしさに都人は浅ましいとも何とも言いようがない思いを感じたと伝わる。
English: Komahime's mother Lady Osaki was filled with sorrow when she heard of her daughter's death, and passed away in mourning fourteen days after the execution.
Japanese: 娘の死を聞いた母の大崎夫人も、悲しみのあまり処刑の14日後に亡くなった。
English: Yoshimitsu was in quite intensive fury and grief, and some people said this tragedy caused Yoshimitsu to join the East squad in the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 義光の憤激と悲嘆も激しく、この悲劇がのちに彼が関ヶ原の戦いで東軍に属すきっかけになったという説もある。
English: In addition, in 1598, he donated approximately eight hectare patch of land and fourteen koku (a unit of volume) of a temple estate, had the biggest Buddhist temple in a castle town built, and gathered thirteen Shinshu sect temples in the Murayama area as tatchu (sub-temples in the site of the main temple), maintaining the town which would be called as a temple town later.
Japanese: さらに慶長3年（1598年）、八町四方の土地と寺領14石を寄進し城下最大の伽藍を建立、敷地に村山地方の真宗寺院十三ケ寺を塔頭として集め、のちに寺町と呼ばれるようになる町を整備した。
English: In this temple, Komahime's room was relocated from Yamagata-jo Castle and her portrait was preserved along with that of Lady Osaki (her well-known portrait was drawn in the Taisho period while the original one was in a priest style).
Japanese: この寺には、山形城より駒姫の居室が移築されており、大崎夫人像とともに彼女の肖像画が保存されている（なお、広く知られている彼女の肖像画は大正期に描かれたものである。もとの画は尼僧姿のもの）。
English: In the samurai society at that time, women were accustomed to being treated differently from men, but Hideyoshi ignored this by executing almost all the family members of Hidetsugu; a wife, concubines, and children.
Japanese: 当時の武家社会でも男子はともかく女性は助けられるのが慣例であり、秀吉が秀次の妻妾子女ほぼ全員を処刑したのはそれを無視したものであった。
English: Execution of young Komahime and the treatment of the dead bodies were obviously unjust and brutal, which were not socially accepted even at that time.
Japanese: 幼い駒姫の死や、遺骸の処理は当時の社会通念からしても明らかに不当かつ残忍極まりないものだった。
English: It is not hard to imagine that it shocked many feudal lords and the Japanese society as well as the Mogami family.
Japanese: 最上家はもちろん諸大名、世間一般にもショッキングなものと受け取られたことは想像に難くない。
English: It was certain that Yoshimitsu was treated unfavorably by Hideyoshi, given that Komahime was executed, despite not yet being Hidetsugu's actual concubine and Yoshimitsu's pleas to have her life spared.
Japanese: 駒姫がまだ実質的な側室ではなかったにも関わらず、助命嘆願を無視して処刑されたことを考えると、当時義光が秀吉から冷遇されていたことがわかる。
English: Yoshimitsu became an active leader of the anti-Toyotomi faction after this incident, and he was active as a key figure of the East squad in Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) in the Battle of Dewa in the Keicho Era.
Japanese: この事件以降、義光は反豊臣急先鋒となり、慶長出羽合戦では奥羽における東軍の要として活躍した。
English: Masakuni INABA (July 2, 1834 - July 15, 1898) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), roju (senior councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate) and Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) in the Edo period as well as the twelfth and last lord of Yodo domain of the Yamashiro Province.
Japanese: 稲葉正邦（いなばまさくに、1834年7月2日（天保5年5月26日(旧暦)）-1898年（明治31年）7月15日）は、江戸時代の大名・老中・京都所司代で、山城国淀藩12代目藩主であり、最後の藩主。
English: It was the custom in the Yodo Domain that hereditary Jodaigaro (deputy of a feudal lord) the Tanabe family managed the affairs and, in the generation of Masakuni, Ukyo TANABE (later Ukyo) managed domain duties.
Japanese: 淀藩では譜代の城代家老田辺家が執政を取り仕切るならわしで、正邦の代においては田辺右京（後右京）が藩政を差配した。
English: According to the historical materials of the period, it was described that the Tanabe clan did not sometimes accompany their lord for its daily work.
Japanese: 日常の藩主の執務に対して田辺氏が随行しないこともあったと、当該期史料に残る。
English: Because the Inaba family was the most powerful domain in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) having great influence over Saigoku (western part of Japan (especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)), Masakuni was also quickly promoted in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from the beginning.
Japanese: 稲葉家は西国に睨みを利かせる畿内随一の藩であることから、正邦も当初から江戸幕府内での昇進が早かった。
English: When the Aizu Domain and the Kuwana Domain formed an alliance with the Satsuma Domain, he became Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) and government affairs in Kyoto were left to his discretion.
Japanese: 会津藩・桑名藩と薩摩藩が同盟を結んだ頃から京都所司代となり、京都の政務を一任されていた。
English: Later, he focused entirely on his activities in edohantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) as roju and even president of political affairs.
Japanese: 後、老中、さらには政事総裁として、もっぱら江戸藩邸での活動に終始する。
English: There was an event that he decided to dispatch troops of feudal retainers of Yodo Domain to the First and Second Conquests of Choshu because it would allow to improve his position in the bakufu, but he gave it up due to strong opposition from Gon no daibu TANABE.
Japanese: 幕府での位置づけが高まることから、第一次・第二次長州征伐への淀藩士派兵を決定するが、田辺権大夫の強硬な反対によって断念するという一幕があった。
English: As the domain with roju, troops were dispatched from the Yodo-jo Castle to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and several persons were recorded as being killed in action, but the domain gave obedience to the Imperial Court due to the conclusion of a secret agreement between the chief executives of the domain and the Imperial Court in Kyoto.
Japanese: 老中を抱える藩として鳥羽・伏見の戦いには淀城より出兵、数名の戦死者を記録するも、藩首脳部と京都朝廷との密約成立により朝廷に恭順。
English: At that time, Masakuni, who has been working in Edo as the leader of government where the Shogun was absent, faced a situation where his domain rebelled against the bakufu without his decision and finally he left to Yodo.
Japanese: このとき、江戸で将軍の留守政権の首脳として活動していた正邦は、自らの藩が自らの決定無くして幕府に反旗を翻すという事態に遭遇、結局淀へ退去することとなる。
English: Thereafter, the Inaba family continued to maintain their allegiance to new government, and radicals supporting Tokugawa shogunate including Masakuni did not split up.
Japanese: 稲葉家はその後も新政府に対する恭順の姿勢を貫き、正邦ら佐幕急進派が分裂することもなかった。
English: On May 6, 1867, he stopped working for diplomacy and doubled as naikoku jimu sosai (the director general of Domestic Affairs Office).
Japanese: 1867年（慶応3年）5月6日、外国御用取扱を止め、内国事務総裁兼務。
English: In November 1874, he assumed the post of priest of Shiba-daijingu Shrine enshrined at Shiba-Daimon, Minato ward, Tokyo.
Japanese: 1874年（明治7年）11月、東京都港区芝大門鎮座の芝大神宮祠官就任。
English: In 1886, Shinto Jimukyoku was reorganized into Shinto Honkyoku (home office) and he continued to serve as the chief abbot.
Japanese: 1886年（明治19年）、神道事務局より神道本局に改組し、引き続き管長。
English: On March 1, 1844, he was born at edohantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) of the Saijo Domain as the sixth son of Yorisato MATSUDAIRA, the ninth lord of the Saijo Domain in Iyo Province.
Japanese: 天保15年（1844年）1月13日、伊予国西条藩第9代藩主・松平頼学の六男として西条藩江戸江戸藩邸で生まれた。
English: In 1858, when the 13th lord Iemochi TOKUGAWA (his given name was Yoshitomi in those days) assumed power as the 14th seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), Mochitsugu succeeded Iemochi as the head of the Kishu Tokugawa Family by the order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and assumed a post of the 14th lord of the Kishu Domain.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）に第13代藩主・徳川家茂（当時は慶福）が第14代征夷大将軍に就任すると、幕命によりその後を受けて紀州徳川家の家督を継ぎ、紀州藩の第14代藩主に就任した。
English: On November 7, 1859, he celebrated his coming of age and changed his given name from Yorihisa to Mochitsugu, which includes "Mochi" given by Iemochi.
Japanese: 翌安政6年（1859年）10月13日には元服し、名を頼久から家茂の「茂」を賜って茂承と改名した。
English: When he went to Kyoto in 1862, he was received in audience by Emperor Komei and given tenpai (to be given sake from Emperor).
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）に上洛した際には、孝明天皇に拝謁して天盃を賜っている。
English: In 1868, when the Boshin Civil War began, Mochitsugu was suffering from disease.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）、戊辰戦争が勃発した際、茂承は病に倒れていた。
English: However, since he was from one of Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family), and shohei (officers and men) of bakufu who were routed in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi took refuge in his domain, he was nearly put down by the new government.
Japanese: しかし、徳川御三家の一つである上、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで敗走した幕府将兵の多くが藩内に逃げ込んだため、新政府の討伐を受けかけた。
English: Accordingly, in order to make explanation, despite his disease, and to show that he did not have the intention to revolt against the new government, he offered 1,500 troops from his domain to the army of the new government while presenting 150,000 ryo (unit of mass and currency) as war funds, moreover playing a part in Kyoto defense by the imperial order.
Japanese: 茂承は病を押して釈明し、新政府に叛く意志はないということを証明するため、藩兵1,500人を新政府軍に提供すると共に、軍資金15万両を献上した上、勅命により京都警備の一翼までもを担ったのである。
English: He became the governor of the Kishu Domain as a result of the return of lands and people to the emperor in 1869 and then moved to Tokyo Prefecture after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）の版籍奉還によって紀州藩知藩事となり、明治4年（1871年）の廃藩置県で東京府に移住する。
English: When Nishinomaru Palace, which had been used as the Imperial Palace in Edo-jo Castle (the former Edo-jo Castle), was burned down in 1873, he dedicated the edohantei of the former Kishu Domain (present-day Togu-gosho [the Crown Prince's palace]) to the Imperial Family, thereby being awarded 20,000 gold yen.
Japanese: 明治6年（1873年）に江戸城（旧江戸城）で皇居として使用されていた西の丸御殿が焼失した際には、旧紀州藩江戸藩邸（現：東宮御所）を皇室に献納したことにより、金2万円を賞賜された。
English: Seeing the warrior class becoming poor due to new policies made by the Meiji Government, such as Conscription Ordinance and Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend), he said as follows:
Japanese: 明治政府が打ち出した徴兵令や秩禄処分などの新政策によって窮乏しつつある士族を見て、以下のように言った。
English: Samurai must not depend on the government assistance: samurai should support themselves.'
Japanese: 「武士たる者は、政府の援助など当てにしてはならない。自らの力で自立するものだ。」
English: Accordingly, in March 1878 he contributed 100,000 yen and founded Tokugisha for the warrior class of the former Kishu Clan, as their common funds.
Japanese: こうして明治11年（1878年）3月に自ら10万円を拠出し、旧紀州藩士族の共有資本として徳義社を設立した。
English: With income from the purchased fields, he founded Tokugi Junior High School and focused on helping and training the poor warrior class.
Japanese: 買収した田畑からの収入を用いて徳義中学校を開設し、窮乏する士族の援助育成に尽力した。
English: On July 7, 1884, he was conferred the rank of marquis by the Peerage Law and served as the member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) from October, 1890.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）7月7日、華族令により侯爵を叙爵し、明治23年（1890年）10月から貴族院(日本)国会議員を務める。
English: It is said that he got along well with Iemochi, the 14th shogunate, while Iemochi had the closest relationship with Mochitsugu, and at the same time, Mochitsugu respected Iemochi.
Japanese: 14代将軍・家茂とは気が合ったらしく、家茂が最も親しく交わりを結んでいたのが茂承であったのと同時に、茂承は家茂を慕っていたという。
English: When Mochitsugu headed to Geishu-guchi as a leading general for the Second conquest of Choshu, he was welcomed in Goza no ma (a front room where a person of high rank is seated) in Osaka-jo Castle, where he was awarded saihai (a baton of command) and Jinbaori (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor) by Iemochi in person, and then they faced in private.
Japanese: 茂承が第二次長州征伐で御先手総督として芸州口に出陣する際には大坂城の御座の間に迎え入れられ、家茂から直々に采配と陣羽織を授けられた後、人払いして二人だけで対面した。
English: 1858: Succeeded the head of the Kishu Tokugawa Family in Kii Province and became the lord of the Kishu Domain.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）-紀伊国紀州徳川家の家督を相続し、紀州藩主となる。
English: October 13, 1859: Celebrated his coming of age, and identified himself as Mochitsugu, with a portion of the name given by Iemochi TOKUGAWA, the 14th seii taishogun.
Japanese: 安政6年（1859年）10月13日-元服し、第14代征夷大将軍徳川家茂の諱を一字賜り、茂承と名乗る。
English: December 6: Exchanged betrothal presents with Princess Michinomiya Noriko (April 5, 1850 - November 14, 1874), the daughter of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie.
Japanese: 12月6日-伏見宮邦家親王の娘倫宮（みちのみや）則子女王（1850年旧暦4月5日-1874年11月14日）と納采。
English: He was the eldest son of Nariyasu MAEDA, the 12th lord, and his mother was Yohime, the daughter of Ienari TOKUGAWA, the 11th seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 第12代藩主・前田斉泰の長男、母は第11代征夷大将軍・徳川家斉の娘・溶姫。
English: His lawful wife was So (Reikanin), the daughter of Yorinori ARIMA, and his second wife was Michiko (Kenkoin) who was the daughter of Takemichi KOGA and adopted by Masamichi TAKATSUKASA.
Japanese: 正室は有馬頼徳の娘・崇（霊鑑院）、継室は久我建通の娘で鷹司政通の養女・通子（顕光院）。
English: His children included Toshitsugu MAEDA (eldest son), Princess Yasuko (Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Takehito's wife), Rei (Masataka SAKAKIBARA's second wife), En (Atsumaro KONOE's wife), Tei (Atsumaro KONOE's wife).
Japanese: 子に前田利嗣（長男）、威仁親王妃慰子（有栖川宮威仁親王妃）、礼（榊原政敬継室）、衍（近衛篤麿室）、貞（近衛篤麿室）などがいる。
English: On June 24, 1830, he was born as the eldest son of Nariyasu MAEDA, the 12th lord of the Kaga Domain.
Japanese: 天保元年（1830年）5月4日、加賀藩第12代藩主・前田斉泰の長男として生まれる。
English: In 1864, he was in Kyoto to guard Kyoto Imperial Palace in place of his father, but he left Kyoto after being defeated in the Kinmon Incident and throwing up his duty as the guard at Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）、父に代わって入京して京都御所の警備に当たっていたが、禁門の変で敗れて御所の警備を放棄して退京した。
English: On this occasion, many of his close retainers such as Yasumasa MATSUDAIRA (Daini) and Nakasaburo ONOGI were punished by his father, Masachika HONDA, and others.
Japanese: このとき、側近の松平康正（大弐）や大野木仲三郎をはじめ、多くの側近たちが父や本多正均らの手によって処罰されている。
English: Some believe that his father felt unpleasant with a close relationship between Yoshiyasu and Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) and thus he subject them to pressure.
Japanese: 一説には慶寧は尊皇攘夷派と親しかったため、それを苦々しく思った父が弾圧したのだという。
English: In 1866, he succeeded his father as the family head and became the lord of the domain; however, his father controlled the real power and thus he was not substantially independent.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）、父から家督を譲られて藩主となったが、実権は父に牛耳られていたため、主体性はほとんど無かった。
English: In an attempt to strengthen power of O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside), his grandmother Senkoin (Yohime's mother and Ienari's second wife) supposedly intended to make his grandson Yoshiyasu the heir because Iesada TOKUGAWA, the heir to Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, who was seii taishogun and Yoshiyasu's uncle, was in poor health.
Japanese: 祖母（溶姫の母で家斉の側室）の専行院は大奥の権勢を固めようと、慶寧の伯父である征夷大将軍徳川家慶の世子徳川家定が病弱であるため、自分の孫に当たる慶寧を継嗣にしようとしたといわれている。
English: It is said that Miyo (Senkoin) forged the testament of Ienari accordingly (its content was making Iesada, Ieyoshi's son, the 13th Shogun and making Yoshiyasu adopted by Iesada to be the 14th Shogun).
Japanese: そのため、お美代の方は家斉の遺言書（家慶の嫡子・家定を13代将軍とし、慶寧を家定の養子として14代将軍にするという内容だった）を偽造したとまでいわれている。
English: However, this plan ended in failure because Ienari died and Miyo was sent to Yohime to be taken care of, by the order of Tadakuni MIZUNO, roju (member of shogun's council of elders).
Japanese: しかし、家斉が死去し、老中水野忠邦の命でお美代の方は溶姫のもとへ預けられることになったためこの計画は失敗に終わった。
English: Toyonori YAMAUCHI (May 12, 1846 – July 13, 1886) was a Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who lived during the end of the Edo Period.
Japanese: 山内豊範（やまうちとよのり、弘化3年4月17日(旧暦)（1846年5月12日）-明治19年（1886年）7月13日）は、江戸時代末期の大名。
English: His offspring include Toyokage YAMAUCHI (first son), Toyoshizu YAMAUCHI (third son), Toyonaka YAMAUCHI (fourth son) and a daughter (lawful wife of Masuteru OZEKI).
Japanese: 子は山内豊景（長男）、山内豊静（三男）、山内豊中（四男）、娘（大関増輝正室）。
English: His elder brother Toyoteru YAMAUCHI (thirteenth lord), Toyoatsu YAMAUCHI (fourteenth lord) died in succession in 1848 and he was seen as the successor as a younger brother but since he was only 3 years old, Toyonobu (Yodo) YAMAUCHI, who was from a branch line, became the family head.
Japanese: 嘉永元年（1848年）に兄の山内豊熈（第13代藩主）、山内豊惇（第14代藩主）が相次いで死去したため、弟に当たることから後継者と目されたが、わずか3歳の幼少だったため、家督は分家出身の山内豊信（容堂）が継承することとなった。
English: Toyonobu was sent into early retirement as punishment during Naosuke II's Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) on February 26, 1859 and Toyonori succeeded as family head and became the lord of domain.
Japanese: 安政6年（1859年）2月26日、豊信が井伊直弼の安政の大獄で隠居処分となったため、家督を継承し藩主となった。
English: However, Toyonobu was allowed out of his retirement in 1862 and Toyonori did not take active part in ruling because the actual power was placed in Toyobnobu's hands.
Japanese: しかし文久2年（1862年）に豊信の隠居が解かれると、実権は豊信に握られることとなり、豊範の主体性は薄かった。
English: Together with Satsuma and Chosu domains, he signed the return of lands and people to the emperor in 1869.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）には薩摩藩、長州藩などと共に連名で版籍奉還を行なった。