nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Honnoji Incident is about an event on June 21, 1582 whereby Mitsuhide AKECHI, a key vassal of Nobunaga ODA, rose in revolt and attacked his master, Nobunaga, who had been staying in Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto and Nobunaga committed suicide.
Japanese: 本能寺の変（ほんのうじのへん）は、天正10年6月2日(旧暦)（1582年6月21日）、織田信長の重臣明智光秀が謀反を起こし、京都・本能寺に宿泊していた主君信長を襲い、自殺させた事件。
English: The cause of Mitsuhide's revolt is not clear and, even today, we have no firm explanation about this incident.
Japanese: 光秀が反旗を翻した原因については定かではなく、現在でも定説が確立されていない。
English: There are also many views that there was another ringleader (mastermind), it became one of the big questions in Japanese history. (For more information on individual views, refer to the section on "Fact about the Incident.")
Japanese: さらには、他の首謀者（黒幕）がいたとする説も多数あり、日本史上の大きな謎のひとつとなっている（各説については変の要因を参照）。
English: Up until 1582, Nobunaga had a hold on Kinai (the five provinces in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto) centering around Kyoto and its vicinity and overthrew the Takeda clan in April and May 1582.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）までに、織田信長は京を中心とした畿内とその周辺を手中に収め、天正10年3月に武田氏を滅ぼした。
English: The Gohojo clan in the Kanto Region and the Date clan in the Tohoku Region signaled their allegiance to Nobunaga and, as a result, enemies that stood in Nobunaga's way were the Mori clan in the Chugoku Region, the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku Region, the Uesugi clan in the Hokuriku Region and the Shimazu clan in Kyushu.
Japanese: 関東地方の後北条氏、東北地方の伊達氏は信長に恭順する姿勢を見せており、これで信長の目の前に立ちはだかる敵は、中国地方の毛利氏、四国の長宗我部氏、北陸地方の上杉氏、九州の島津氏となった。
English: The Mori clan that for a certain period had harassed Nobunaga by playing a part of an encircling net was forced by Hideyoshi HASHIBA to repeatedly retreat in succession and lost all the influence they had in the past.
Japanese: 織田信長包囲網の一翼を担って一時期信長を苦しめた毛利氏は、羽柴秀吉の前に後退に次ぐ後退でひと頃の勢力を失った。
English: With respect to the Uesugi clan, after Kenshin UESUGI's death, his adopted son, Kagekatsu UESUGI became the family head and the strong troops that harassed Shingen TAKEDA by fiercely attacking the Kanto Region and Echigo Province had been weakened by the Otate no Ran (Otate disturbance).
Japanese: また上杉氏は上杉謙信亡き後、養子縁組・上杉景勝の代であり、かつて関東・越後国から猛攻をかけ武田信玄を苦しめた強力な軍団は御館の乱で勢いを弱めていた。
English: In Shikoku, Yasunaga MIYOSHI was subject to Nobunaga and, supported by Nagahide NIWA, Nobutaka ODA who had the advantage, had been preparing for war with the Chosokabe clan.
Japanese: 四国では三好康長が信長に属し、丹羽長秀の補佐を受けた織田信孝が長曾我部氏との戦争準備を始めており、すでに織田家が有利な情勢であった。
English: In Kyushu, the Otomo clan and the Ryuzoji clan had informed of their intention to obey Nobunaga and, therefore, the Shimazu clan alone was obliged to compete with Nobunaga.
Japanese: 九州は大友氏や龍造寺氏が信長に属する意志を伝えており、島津氏は単独で信長に対抗せざるを得ない情勢であった。
English: Headquartered in Azuchi-jo Castle, Nobunaga ODA had been promoting unification of the whole country in command of an expeditionary force with commanders such as; Katsuie SHIBATA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and Nobutaka ODA and he was forty-nine years old and the situation was such that the whole country would belong to Nobunaga if everything proceeded as planned.
Japanese: 安土城を本拠に、柴田勝家・明智光秀・滝川一益・豊臣秀吉・織田信孝などの派遣軍と軍団長を指揮して天下統一を進める織田信長は数え年で49歳であり、このまま順調に進めば天下は信長のものになると思われる情勢であった。
English: Under such situations, as a large military force was dispatched, troops around Nobunaga were not many and Nobunaga and Ieyasu moved around with a small military force in Kinai in an open atmosphere under just before unification of the whole country especially after downfall of the Takeda clan.
Japanese: その一方で、多くの兵力を派遣していたため信長周辺の軍勢は手薄であり、武田家滅亡後は天下統一目前という開放的な雰囲気で、畿内では信長、家康とも小勢で移動していた。
English: After returning from an expedition to conquer the Takeda clan, on May 15, Mitsuhide served as the marshal to entertain Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who served with distinction in the battles with the Takeda clan for many years.
Japanese: 光秀は、武田征伐から帰還したのち、長年武田氏と戦って労あった徳川家康の接待役を5月15日より務めた。
English: However, Mitsuhide was dismissed midway from the marshal on May 17 and made to return to his residence, Sakamoto-jo Castle, and was ordered to deploy to the front in order to support Hideyoshi.
Japanese: しかしながら、17日に光秀は接待役を途中解任されて居城坂本城に帰され、秀吉援護の出陣を命ぜられた。
English: On May 26, he moved to another residential castle, Kameyama-jo Castle (Tanba Province) and made preparations for departure to the front.
Japanese: 26日にはいまひとつの居城亀山城(丹波国)に移り、出陣の準備を進めた。
English: He confined himself in the Atago-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City) for prayer and, on May 28 and 29, he held a party for renga (linked verse) which is very well known from its first line, 'Tokihaima amegashitashiru satsukikana' (The time is now in May, which everybody knows).
Japanese: 愛宕神社(京都市)に参篭し、28日・29日に「時は今　天が下知る　五月哉」の発句で知られる連歌の会を催した。
English: There is a view that interprets this line as Mitsuhide's determination of revolt (Refer to the section "Other Considerations about Motive and Ringleader"), but there are various interpretations.
Japanese: この句が、明智光秀の謀反の決意を示すものとの解釈があるが（下記動機と首謀者に関するその他の考察の項参照）、句の解釈は種々ある。
English: On the other hand, on May 29, Nobunaga departed from Azuchi-jo Castle with a small suite, mainly consisting of pages, to the front in order to support Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 一方、信長は29日に秀吉の応援に自ら出陣するため小姓を中心とする僅かの供回りを連れ安土城を発つ。
English: On the same day, June 1 in the evening, Mitsuhide departed the Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle to Kyoto at the head of an army of 13,000 (There is another view that Mitsuhide did not visit Kameyama-jo Castle (Tanba Province) before or after the event and he moved toward Honno-ji Temple from Sakamoto-jo Castle at the head of 3,000 troops and arrived around nine o'clock, that is several hours after seven thirty A.M. when the Honno-ji Temple burnt down.)
Japanese: 同じ6月1日の夕、光秀は1万3000の手勢を率いて丹波亀山城を出陣し京に向かった（光秀は亀山城(丹波国)には事件前にも後にも死ぬまで立ち寄っておらず、坂本城より3000の兵で本能寺に向かい、到着したのは本能寺が焼け落ちた午前7時半より数時間後の9時頃だったとする説もある）。
English: The next day, on June 2 before dawn, when they crossed the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo river system), Mitsuhide declared, 'Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple,' making it clear that they would attack Nobunaga.
Japanese: 翌2日未明、桂川(淀川水系)を渡ったところで「敵は本能寺にあり」と宣言して、襲撃を明らかにした。
English: According to "Nihon Gaishi" (historical book on Japan) written by Sanyo RAI during the Edo period, it was written that 'We will be reviewed by Nobunaga.' when they departed Kameyama-jo Castle with the intention to attack Nobunaga made clear to all the troops only after they crossed the Katsura-gawa River, but it is a widely-accepted view that, in reality, only a limited number of key vassals were informed of the real intention.
Japanese: 江戸時代の頼山陽の『日本外史』では、亀山城出陣の際に「信長の閲兵を受けるのだ」として桂川渡河後に信長襲撃の意図を全軍に明らかにしたとあるが、実際には、ごく一部の重臣しか知らなかったとの見解が有力である。
English: There is a view that as the troops numbers were very large, a detached force took another mountain path to Kyoto, Akechigoe, to attack Nobutada.
Japanese: なお大軍であるため信忠襲撃には別隊が京へ続くもうひとつの山道・明智越を使ったと言う説もある。
English: Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple' was first seen in "Kawasumi Taikoki" of the beginning of the Edo period, and it was told that the person who participated in the troop of the Akechi clan gave help for "Kawakami Taikoki."
Japanese: 「敵は本能寺にあり」は江戸時代初期の『川角太閤記』が初出だが、『川角太閤記』には明智軍の参加者も協力したともいわれる。
English: According to "Historia de Iapan" by Luis Frois and "Honjo Soemon Oboegaki" (literally, "memorandum of Soemon HONJO") that is reportedly written by a samurai under Mitsuhide who followed the army in the Incident, ashigaru (foot soldier) and low-level samurai in command of them believed at that time that they would attack Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who was staying in the Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: またルイス・フロイスの『日本史』（HistoriadeIapan）や、変に従軍した光秀配下の武士が江戸時代に書いたという『本城惣右衛門覚書』によれば、当時、重職以外の足軽や統率の下級武士は京都本能寺にいる徳川家康を討つものと信じていた、とされている。
English: Early in the morning (reportedly around four o'clock) on June 2, the troops of the Akechi clan (Mitsuhide had not yet entered Kyoto and he arrived at Honno-ji Temple at nine o'clock; some regard these troops as mysterious as their commander is unknown) completely surrounded Honno-ji Temple.
Japanese: 6月2日早朝（4時ごろとする説あり）、明智軍（光秀はこの時、京都にも入っておらず、本能寺到着は9時。指揮した者が不明の謎の軍団とする説もある）は本能寺を完全に包囲した。
English: Then, he received a report 'The Honno-ji Temple is surrounded by a troop and the crest is kikyo (Chinese bellflower) (Mitsuhide's family crest).'
Japanese: すると「本能寺は軍勢に囲まれており、紋は桔梗（明智光秀の家紋）である」と報告された。
English: Nobunaga said, 'We have no other way.' and fought with a bow (weapon) in the front, but as the string of the bow was broken, he took a spear and stabbed enemies.
Japanese: 信長は「是非に及ばず」と言い、弓(武器)を持ち表で戦ったが、弦が切れたので次に槍を取り敵を突き伏せた。
English: As he got hurt with the spear by rushing enemies, however, he gave up to defend any further and instructed women to run away and, then, he shut himself up in the interior and let his page, Naritoshi MORI, set fire and he himself committed suicide (Writings of Nobunaga's vassal Gyuichi OTA "Shinchoko-ki" (Biography of Nobunaga ODA); it is written that this story based on hearing from such women.).
Japanese: しかし殺到する兵から槍傷を受けたため、それ以上の防戦を断念、女衆に逃げるよう指示して、奥に篭り、信長の小姓・森成利に火を放たせ、自刃したと言われる（信長の家臣太田牛一の著作『信長公記』による、この女衆に取材したとある）。
English: According to Amidaji (Kamidachiuriomiya) Engi (the history of the Amida-ji Temple), of which temple Nobunaga was a believer, the chief priest, Seigyoku, sneaked in through the hedge in the back of the temple and carried out the body and burnt it.
Japanese: 信長が帰依していたとする阿弥陀寺（上立売大宮）縁起によれば、住職清玉が裏の生垣から割入って密かに運び出し、荼毘に付したとされる。
English: Because of this relation, the 'mausoleum of Nobunaga ODA' in fact exists in the Amida-ji Temple (moved to Tsuruyamacho, Kamigyo Ward).
Japanese: この縁で阿弥陀寺（上京区鶴山町に移転）には、「織田信長公本廟」が現存する。
English: In addition, as it is also told with respect to this history book, 'Nobunagako Amidaji Yuishono Kiroku,' that because the old records were burnt, it was reconstructed in 1731 based on memory, this book is unbelievable including the story that Nobunaga, who did not believe Buddhism, was the believer of this temple.
Japanese: またこの縁起「信長公阿弥陀寺由緒之記録」は古い記録が焼けたため享保16年に記憶を頼りに作り直したと称するもので、仏教への不信の信長が帰依していたとすることも含め信じがたい。
English: With respect to the reason why Nobunaga's body was not found, there is a view that it was impossible with capability of search at that time to find the in large volume of wreck after a huge building was burnt down.
Japanese: 未発見の原因は、大きな建物が焼け落ちた膨大な残骸の中に当時の調査能力で遺骸は見つけられないという指摘がある。
English: According to "Historia de Iapan" by Luis Frois whose church was only 200 meter away from the Honno-ji Temple, '(Around three o'clock in the morning), (a small number of) warriors of the Akechi clan invaded the temple without being suspected (It seems that Oda's gatekeepers lost their sharpness because they knew that umazoroe (a troop review) in front of the Imperial Palace was planned for the next day.), and shot Nobunaga, who came out from the toilet and was washing his hands and face, in the back using bows and arrows.
Japanese: 一方、本能寺から200mの近辺に教会のあったルイス・フロイスの『日本史』（HistoriadeIapan）では、「（午前3時頃と言われる）明智の（少数の）兵たちは怪しまれること無く難なく寺に侵入して（6月2日に御所前で馬揃えをする予定であったのを織田の門番たちは知っていたので油断したと思われる）、信長が便所から出て手と顔を清めていたところを背後から弓矢を放って背中に命中させた。
English: Immediately after that, Nobunaga called his pages and counterattacked warriors of the Akechi clan brandishing a sickle-like weapon (naginata (Japanese halberd) art), but he was shot his left shoulder by a bullet shot by the musket troops of the Akechi clan.
Japanese: 直後に信長は小姓たちを呼び、鎌のような武器（薙刀術）を振り回しながら明智の兵達に対して応戦していたが、明智の鉄砲隊が放った弾が左肩に命中した。
English: Immediately after that, he closed the shoji (sliding paper door) (and set fire and committed suicide).'
Japanese: 直後に障子の戸を閉じた（火を放ち自害した）」という内容になっている。
English: Nobutada, who received a report of the revolt by the Akechi clan, intended to go to the Honno-ji Temple to rescue, but he was dissuaded by his close aide to run away because the situations in the Honno-ji Temple were already finalized.
Japanese: 明智謀反の報を受けた信忠は本能寺に救援に向かおうとしたが、既に事態は決したから逃げるように側近に諭された。
English: However, Nobutada judged that Mitsuhide's troop must have surrounded and were executing inspection and gave up to run away and left the Myokaku-ji Temple which was not suitable for defense.
Japanese: しかし信忠は光秀軍は包囲検問をしているだろうからと逃亡をあきらめて、守りに向かない妙覚寺を離れた。
English: In reality, however, as encirclement was not sufficient and, for example, Nagamasu ODA succeeded to escape, Nobutada's judgment was a big mistake that could change the history.
Japanese: 実際は包囲は十分でなく、織田長益など逃げおおせており、歴史を変えるほどの判断の誤りであった。
English: Thus, Nobutada moved to Nijo Gosho (newly built Imperial Palace in Nijo) together with Sadakatsu MURAI who was responsible for administration of Kyoto.
Japanese: そして京都の行政担当者である村井貞勝らと共に二条御所（二条新造御所）に移った。
English: Nobutada fought as a brave commander and cut two warriors down despite many wounds and showed fierce resistance and drove Mitsuhide's troop retreat three times.
Japanese: 信忠は何箇所もの傷を負いながら2人を切り倒す猛将ぶりを見せ、少数で猛烈な抵抗を見せて三度も光秀軍を退却させた。
English: As time passes, umamawari (guard) who were staying in different places in Kyoto came one by one, and the success of the revolt became doubtful.
Japanese: 時間の経過とともに京都市内に別泊していた馬廻りたちも少しずつ駆けつけ、反乱の去就が危うくなってきた。
English: As a last resort, Mitsuhide's troop shot the Nijo Gosho with guns and bows and arrows from the roof of neighboring Sakihisa KONOE's mansion from which they could see the inside of the Nijo Gosho very well and killed almost all of attendants.
Japanese: 光秀軍は最後の手段で隣接の近衛前久邸の屋根から丸見えの二条御所を銃矢でねらい打ち、側近を殆ど倒した。
English: Together with Nobutada, Nagamasu ODA (later, Urakusai ODA) who was Nobunaga's younger brother, also stayed in the Myokaku-ji Temple and he moved to the Nijo Gosho together with Nobutada and he run away before the fall of the castle. ("Mikawa Monogatari")
Japanese: 妙覚寺には、信忠と共に、信長の弟・織田長益（のちの織田有楽斎）も滞在していて､信忠とともに二条御所に移ったが、落城前に逃げ出した（『三河物語』）。
English: As Nagamasu did not commit suicide and fled while Nobutada committed suicide, it is told that people in Kyoto ironically commented 'Gengo ODA is not a human being. He let Nobutada commit hara-kiri and he himself fled to Azuchi. On June 2, the flooding and the name of the origin of Oda was washed out.'
Japanese: 信忠が自害したのに対し、長益は自害せずに逃げ出したため、そのことを京の民衆に「織田の源五は人ではないよ　お腹召させておいて　われは安土へ逃げる源五　6月2日に大水出て　織田の源なる名を流す」と皮肉られたと言われている。
English: It is told that, when Nobutada fought bravely in the Nijo Gosho, his vassal Yasuke, who was a negroid also fought.
Japanese: また、信忠が二条御所で奮戦した際、ネグロイドの家臣ヤスケも戦ったという。
English: Originally, Yasuke was a negroid slave who was presented to Nobunaga upon his request at the occasion of giving audience to a missionary.
Japanese: ヤスケはもともと、宣教師との謁見の際に信長の要望で献上された黒人の奴隷である。
English: Yasuke was captured after this battle and he was not killed, but he was never heard from again.
Japanese: ヤスケは、この戦いの後捕まったものの殺されずに生き延びたが、その後の消息は不明である。
English: In dramas in which the Honnoji Incident is mentioned, it is often described that Yasuke died in battle following his master, Nobunaga.
Japanese: 本能寺の変に触れるドラマの中では、ヤスケが信長に殉じて討ち死にするという描かれ方をされることもある。
English: By the way, in 2007, excavation and research of the ruin of the Honno-ji Temple was conducted and traces of moat and bank protection were found together with a large volume of burnt roof tiles of the same period as the Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: ちなみに、2007年になり、本能寺跡の発掘調査が行われ、本能寺の変と同時期の大量の焼け瓦とともに、堀跡と護岸の石垣も見つかった。
English: It proved that, as mentioned in historical materials, the Honno-ji Temple was remodeled as the accommodation for Nobunaga in February and March 1580 by constructing moats and mud walls and newly building a stable and reconstructing the main building.
Japanese: 本能寺が史料の通り、天正8年（1580年）年2月に、堀土居を造り厩新設し本堂などの改築で信長宿舎として改造されたことを裏付けている。
English: It also showed that the Nobunaga noticed the Honnoji Incident and prepared armaments in the Honno-ji Temple against the enemy forces.
Japanese: 信長が本能寺の変に気付き、敵対勢力に対して本能寺で軍備を整えていたことを指摘している。
English: Partly because of dramas, many persons understand that the cause of the incident was repeated harassment by Nobunaga, but it is just a fiction without any ground.
Japanese: 一般的には、ドラマなどの影響で信長からの度重なるイジメが原因だとする理解が多いが、それらは根拠のないフィクションである。
English: Also, many persons understand that it was a coup d'état or a reaction (antirevolutionary act -revolution) against Nobunaga's radical behavior to change traditional society of Japan (such as oppression of Buddhism).
Japanese: また、クーデターや、信長による古くからの日本社会を変革させる急進的な動き（仏教弾圧など）への反動（反革命）との理解も多い。
English: With respect to Mitsuhide's motive for raising an army, there are various views such as resentment, ambition to conquer the whole country and protection of the imperial court and no consensus has been formed.
Japanese: 光秀の挙兵の動機には怨恨、天下取りの野望、朝廷守護など数多くの説があり、意見の一致をみていない。
English: He was ordered transference of his fief to Izumo Province, Hoki Province or Iwami Province which was still enemy territory ("Ehon Taikoki").
Japanese: まだ敵地の出雲国・伯耆国もしくは石見国に国替えを命ぜられた（『絵本太閤記』）
English: With respect to the Battle of the Yagami-jo Castle, Nobunaga caused death of Mitsuhide's mother ("Ehon Taikoki").
Japanese: 八上城戦で母を信長のために死なせてしまった（『総見記』、『絵本太閤記』）
English: In the victory celebration for the battle in which the Takeda clan was destructed, Mitsuhide told, 'It makes all our efforts worthwhile.' and Nobunaga questioned what Mitsuhide said and hit and kicked Mitsuhide saying 'What you did for this result!' and Mitsuhide resented this ("Sofu Monogatari").
Japanese: 武田家を滅ぼした先勝祝いの席で光秀が「これでわしらも骨を折ったかいがあった」と言ったのを信長が聞き咎め「おまえごときが何をしたのだ」と殴り足蹴にされて恨んだ（『祖父物語』）など
English: Those stories were kodan (story-telling) created in the Edo period and later and there was no reliable backup data.
Japanese: これらは、江戸時代以降に創作された講談話であり、明確な裏付けはない。
English: With respect to the 'view that the cause of the incident was transference of the fief,' as only one historical material, there is Nobutaka ODA's military order dated May 14, nineteen days before the Incident, that imposed military service on local lords and powerful local clans in Tanba, and it became the subject of academic arguments whether or not kao (written seal mark) on this military order is genuine.
Japanese: このうち「国替え説」は、唯一史料として変19日前の5月14日付けの丹波国人、土豪への軍役を課した織田信孝の軍令書が存在し、この人見家文書の花押の真偽を巡る学問的な論議となっている。
English: However, as similar transference of the fief to enemy's territory was carried out for Hiromasa YANADA and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA and their former fiefs were guaranteed for a certain time period, there is a view that it was a custom at that time to guarantee the former fief until the new fief is in fact acquired.
Japanese: しかし梁田広正や滝川一益でも同様の敵地への領地替えが行われて旧領はしばらく安堵されていたので、これは新領獲得まで旧領安堵するという当時の作法ではという説がある。
English: Independently from these, it is recorded in "Historia de Iapan" of Luis Frois that, several months before the incident, there was such quarrel as Mitsuhide said something and then Nobunaga shouted and Mitsuhide immediately came out the room and returned to his place.
Japanese: またこれらとは別のもので、ルイス・フロイスの『日本史』に、変数ヶ月前に光秀が何か言うと信長が大きな声を上げて、光秀はすぐ部屋を出て帰る、という諍いがあった、と記されている。
English: In Mitsuhide's writings "Akechi-kaho" (family rules of the Akechi clan) written one year before the incident, Mitsuhide wrote a sentence that reads "I was set up in the world by Nobunaga from the status like a pebble and I owe him a lot. My family and vassals including their descendents should not forget to serve to Nobunaga."
Japanese: 本能寺の変前年に光秀が記した『明智家法』によれば、『自分は石ころのような身分から信長様にお引き立て頂き、過分の御恩を頂いた。一族家臣は子孫に至るまで信長様への御奉公を忘れてはならない』という趣旨の文を書いている。
English: It seems that Mitsuhide had high regard for Nobunaga as we see in the fact that he hung Nobunaga's handwriting in the alcove in which a treasure should be placed for the tea ceremony held three months before the incident.
Japanese: また変三ヶ月前の茶会で宝をおく床の間に信長の書を架けるなど心服している様子がある。
English: Therefore, views that adopt other motive than resentment have also been supported and, especially, views that assume existence of a mastermind is strong.
Japanese: このため怨恨ではない別の動機を求める説も支持されており、特に光秀以外の黒幕の存在を想定する説が多く行われている。
English: In "Historia de Iapan" by Luis Frois, we can find many comments on Mitsuhide, such as 'He likes treachery and clandestine meeting.,' 'He is cruel in imposing a punishment.,' 'He is patient.,' 'He is a master with trick and stratagem.,' 'He is good at building castles.,' and 'He knows how to use skilled samurai.'
Japanese: ルイス・フロイスの『日本史』には「裏切りや密会を好む」「刑を科するに残酷」「忍耐力に富む」「計略と策略の達人」「築城技術に長ける」「戦いに熟練の士を使いこなす」等の光秀評がある。
English: Traditionally, Mitsuhide has an image of sincere person most probably because of dramas or the fact that in certain areas including Tanba Province which was Mitsuhide's fief, people recall beneficial influence of Mitsuhide.
Japanese: 従来はドラマや旧領丹波など一部の地域では遺徳を偲んでいる事などの影響か誠実なイメージがある。
English: Separately from the image of Mitsuhide that he was a highly cultured but feeble looking, we can see an aspect of Mitsuhide as a tough busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period as commented by Frois and praised by Nobunaga in 'Sakuma Nobumori sekkanjo' (letter to reproach Nobumori SAKUMA).
Japanese: しかし、教養の高い文化人で線が細いといわれる光秀像と別に、フロイスの人物評や信長が「佐久間信盛折檻状」で功績抜群として光秀を上げたように、したたかな戦国武将としての姿が見える。
English: In Shikoku, Motochika CHOSOKABE of Tosa Province made relation by marriage with a vassal of the Akechi family, Toshimitsu SAITO, and had been making effort to unify Shikoku under amicable relation with Nobunaga through Mitsuhide.
Japanese: 四国では、土佐国の長宗我部元親が明智家臣斎藤利三と姻戚関係を結び、光秀を通じた信長との友好関係の下で統一を進めていた。
English: On the other hand, defeated Yasunaga MIYOSHI in Awa Province aimed at recovery of this former territory by making arrangement for alliance with Hideyoshi (He adopted a Hideyoshi's nephew, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI).
Japanese: 一方、敗走した阿波国の三好康長は秀吉と結び（甥の豊臣秀次を康長の養子とした）、旧領の回復を目指した。
English: As Nobunaga did not want to have Shikoku unified by the Chosokabe clan, he ordered Motochika in March and April 1582 to govern only two Provinces, Tosa and Awa, and visit Kyoto.
Japanese: 長宗我部氏による四国統一を良しとしない信長は、天正10年2月に元親へ土佐・阿波2郡のみの領有と上京を命じた。
English: As Motochika refused this order, it is decided to conduct conquest of Shikoku with Nobutaka ODA (the third son of Nobunaga; it had been informally decided that, after conquest of Shikoku, he should be adopted by the Miyoshi clan and succeed the Miyoshi family.) as the chief commander.
Japanese: これを、元親が拒否したため、織田信孝（信長の三男・四国征伐後に三好家の養子となり三好家を継ぐことが内定していた）を大将として四国征伐を行うことになった。
English: It had been planned that, at first, Yasunaga would enter Shikoku as a spearhead and, on July 1, the main body of troops led by Nobutaka, Nagahide NIWA, etc. would start from Osaka to go into battle.
Japanese: まず、康長が先鋒として四国に入り、6月2日には信孝、丹羽長秀らによる本軍が大坂より出陣する予定であった。
English: This view was insisted by Mitsutoshi TAKAYANAGI etc. immediately after the War and Takayanagi and his supporters have been advocating for a long time.
Japanese: この説は、終戦直後から高柳光壽などが指摘し、少なくとも高柳やその支持派が長く唱えている説のようである。
English: Probably as self-recrimination against the view that the imperial court was the mastermind of this revolt, Sakujin KIRINO advocated, 'Nobunaga needed the Chosokabe clan in order to contain the navy of the Mori clan, but because of deportation of Honganji and decline of the navy of the Mori clan made the Chosokabe clan needless for Nobunaga. As a result, the position of Mitsuhide and Toshimitsu, who made best effort to establish the relation of relative and matrimonial relation with the Chosokabe clan became undermined.'
Japanese: 桐野作人は、朝廷黒幕説への自己批判という意味からか「信長は、毛利水軍を牽制するために長宗我部氏が必要だったが、本願寺の退去と毛利水軍の衰微が長宗我部氏を必要としなくなっていった。その結果、長宗我部氏との親戚・婚姻関係樹立に尽力した光秀と利三の立場が危うくなった」という説を唱えた。
English: Based on such point of view, he published "Shinsetsu Honnoji" (new view on the Honnoji Incident) in 2001 and "Darega Nobunaga wo Koroshitanoka Honnoji no Hen - Aratana Shiten" (Who killed Nobunaga - Honnoji Incident/new point of view) in 2007.
Japanese: その観点から『真説本能寺』を2001年に、『だれが信長を殺したのか本能寺の変・新たな視点』を2007年に上梓した。
English: There are several views which advocate that the motive for killing Nobunaga was not Mitsuhide's own, but a certain mastermind whose intention caused the incident existed, as described below.
Japanese: 信長を討つことについて、光秀自身の動機ではなく、何らかの黒幕の存在を想定し、その者の意向を背景にあることを指摘する説としては、以下のようなものがある。
English: This view advocates that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA who had hard feelings against Nobunaga who had expelled him and ruined the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), tempted Mitsuhide in order to regain Yoshiaki's power.
Japanese: 自分を追放し、室町幕府を滅亡に追いやった信長に恨みを抱く足利義昭が、その権力を奪い返すために光秀をそそのかしたとする説。