nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Yoshikiyo ISSHIKI (date of birth unknown – 1582) was the last head clansman of the Isshiki clan.
Japanese: 一色義清（いっしきよしきよ、?－天正10年（1582年））は一色氏最後の当主。
English: In 1582, following the murder of his nephew and head of the Isshiki clan, Yoshisada ISSHIKI, by Yusai HOSOKAWA, he moved into Yuminoki-jo Castle and took over the role of clan head.
Japanese: 1582年、甥で一色氏の当主であった一色義定が細川幽斎に謀殺されたため、弓木城に入って一色氏の家督を継いだ。
English: However, Hosokawa punitive forces soon appeared, the Isshiki troops were annihilated and Yoshikiyo ended up being cut off at Hosokawa headquarters, where it is said he made a heroic last-stand at the Shimomiyazu seashore.
Japanese: しかし、すぐに細川の追討軍が現れて一色軍は壊滅し、義清は細川軍の本陣に斬り込みをかけて、下宮津の海辺で壮烈な最期を遂げたという。
English: The death of Yoshikiyo thus saw the collapse of the Isshiki clan, Governors of Tango, one of the four families the Muromachi Shogunate relied on for security.
Japanese: 義清の死により、室町幕府における四職の一角である丹後守護家一色氏は滅亡した。
English: Yoshimichi ISSHIKI (date of birth unknown - 1579) was a Busho (Japanese military commander) and Daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku (Warring States) period (Japan) and Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 一色義道（いっしきよしみち、－天正7年（1579年））は戦国時代(日本)、安土桃山時代の武将・大名。
English: The Isshiki clan of Tango Province was originally one of the four families used by the Muromachi Shogunate for security, but it collapsed in entirety during the Sengoku (Warring States) period (Japan), with its position as Shugo (military governor) taken over by the Takeda clan of the neighboring Wakasa Province, and was then left in a situation of trying somehow or other to continue to use its influence as a ruling family of the past.
Japanese: 丹後の一色氏は元々室町幕府の四職の一家であったが、戦国時代(日本)には没落の一途をたどり、丹後の守護職も隣国の若狭武田家に奪われる有様で、かつての守護家の権威を利用しどうにか実効支配を続ける状態であった。
English: When Nobunaga ODA moved to Kyoto in 1568, Yoshimichi developed a close relationship with him and in 1575, after fighting in the Echizen Ikko-ikki religious riots, Nobunaga gave him control of the whole of Tango Province
Japanese: 1568年、織田信長が上洛すると信長に急速に接近して親交を深め、1575年の越前一向一揆討伐にも参陣して、信長から丹後国一国を安堵された。
English: However, because he gave shelter to the monks of Mount Hiei (who had been burnt out by Nobunaga) and the exiled Shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, he earned the wrath of Nobunaga and from 1578, Nobunaga ordered his forces, comprised of Yusai HOSOKAWA and Mitsuhide AKECHI, to attack him.
Japanese: しかし、信長が焼き討ちした比叡山の僧侶や追放した将軍・足利義昭を匿ってしまったため、信長の怒りを買って1578年から信長の命を受けた明智光秀と細川幽斎率いる織田軍に攻められることとなる。
English: Yoshimichi repulsed the attacks for a time but in response to a scheme of Mutsuhide, Yoshimichi's vassals changed sides one after the other in the following year, and prior to a fierce attack by Hosokawa's forces, Takebeyama-jo Castle also capitulated.
Japanese: 一時はこれを撃退したが、翌年に入ると光秀の調略に応じて義道の家臣団が次々と寝返ってしまい、細川軍の猛攻の前に居城の建部山城も落城。
English: He contemplated fleeing to Tajima Province and although he was fighting a lost cause he received shelter at Nakayama-jo Castle (Nakayama, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture); however, Kobee NAKAYAMA, the lord of the castle, had already betrayed him to the Hosokawa side and, having no place to go, Yoshimichi committed suicide.
Japanese: 但馬国に逃亡を企てて、起死回生を果たすべく中山城（京都府舞鶴市中山）に身を寄せたが、城主の中山幸兵衛は既に細川方に内応しており、行き場を失った義道は自害した。
English: Unlike his son, Yoshisada, who was known for his bravery, Yoshimichi was not so popular due to the spread of misgovernment throughout his domains and for that reason he could not protect himself from the people's disaffection.
Japanese: 勇将として知られた子の義定と異なり、義道は領内に悪政を敷いたため人望に乏しく、そのために国人の離反を防げなかったとされている。
English: Iehiro KONOE (July 24, 1667 - November 5, 1736) was a court noble, who lived in early to mid Edo period, and assumed the position of Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku (the chief adviser to the Emperor).
Japanese: 近衛家熙（このえいえひろ、寛文7年6月4日(旧暦)（1667年7月24日）-元文元年10月3日(旧暦)（1736年11月5日））は、江戸時代前、中期の公家、摂政関白。
English: His children were Iehisa KONOE; Hisako KONOE, a nyogo (high ranking lady serving at court) of Emperor Nakamikado; Akogimi, a wife of Tsugutomo TOKUGAWA, who was the lord of Owari domain; and Masahime, who became an adopted daughter of Ienobu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 子に近衛家久、中御門天皇の女御近衛尚子、尾張藩主徳川継友の室安己君、徳川家宣の養女となる政姫(徳川家)。
English: In August 1693, he assumed the position of Udaijin (Minister of the Right), then Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) in February 1704.
Japanese: 元禄6年（1693年）8月に右大臣、宝永元年（1704年）1月に左大臣。
English: In 1709, he became a Sessho of Emperor Nakamikado, then was appointed Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister of State).
Japanese: 宝永6年（1709年）に中御門天皇の摂政となり、更に翌年の宝永7年（1710年）に太政大臣に任ぜられる。
English: On January 26, 1726 (December 24, 1725 in old lunar calendar), he took the tonsure and changed his name to Yorakuin.
Japanese: 同年12月24日に落飾し、豫樂院（よらくいん、現代では、予楽の字で表記されるが、『豫樂』と表記するのが正しい）と号する。
English: He studied the Kamo style of calligraphy and, after learning the styles of Kukai and ONO no Michikaze, which had been passed down in the Konoe and other families, he went on to develop his own style.
Japanese: 書道は、はじめ加茂流を学び、更に近衛家や他に伝わる空海・小野道風らの書に学び独自の境地を切り開いた。
English: He was well-versed in the ancient rules and practices of the Imperial Court and the military, studied ceremonial rituals and etiquette and spent as many as 20 years revising the "Torikuten," completing it in 1724 after retiring from the government, although it was not published until after his death.
Japanese: 有職故実にも堪能で、礼典儀礼を研究し、『唐六典』の校勘を長年継続して、致仕後の享保9年（1724年）に20年の歳月をかけて完成させ、家熙没後刊行された。
English: He was also a master of the courtly tea ceremony and the "Kaiki" records that he performed the ceremony himself and was known for his interaction with 'wabi' tea masters.
Japanese: また、公家茶道に通じた茶人であり、『槐記』に見られるように、自ら茶事をおこない、侘び茶人との交流でも知られる。
English: In the 11th volume of "Kaiki". written by Doan YAMASHINA, a court physician (specializing in what is today known as pediatrics) and master of the tea ceremony, Iehiro's sayings and doings are described like a diary and we can clearly see his personality, varied attainments and considerable insight.
Japanese: なお、家煕の人となりや博学多才ぶり、高い見識のほどについては、侍医（専門は現代で言う小児科）で、茶人であった山科道安（やましなどうあん）がその言行を日録風に記した『槐記』11巻により、如実に知ることができる。
English: Nobutada KONOE (November 23, 1565 - December 25, 1614) was a court noble lived in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 近衛信尹（このえのぶただ　永禄8年11月1日(旧暦)(1565年11月23日)-慶長19年11月25日(旧暦)(1614年12月25日)）は、安土桃山時代の公家。
English: In 1580, he assumed the position of Naidaijin (Minister of the Center), then Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) in 1585.
Japanese: 天正8年(1580年)に内大臣、天正13年(1585年)左大臣となる。
English: He got into an argument with Akizane NIJO over the position of Kanpaku (the chief adviser to the Emperor), an incident known as the "Kanpaku Soron," which, following maneuvering by Harusue KIKUTEI, provided Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI with an excuse for assuming the position of Kanpaku.
Japanese: 関白の位をめぐり二条昭実と口論（関白相論）となり、菊亭晴季の蠢動で、豊臣秀吉に関白就任の口実を与えてしまった。
English: In fact, Hideyoshi and his nephew, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, were the only people to assume the position of Kanpaku not from the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 実に藤原氏一門以外の者が関白についたのは、秀吉と甥の豊臣秀次だけである。
English: Nobutada was privately upset by the fact that Hideyoshi transferred the position of Kanpaku to Hidetsugu and resigned from the position of Sadaijin in February, 1592.
Japanese: 秀吉が秀次に関白位を譲ったことに、内心、穏やかではなく、文禄元年(1592年)正月に左大臣を辞した。
English: According to a letter received by Harusue KIKUTEI in 1590, it was said that Nobutada, who spent his early years in the provinces and even after returning to Kyoto had more opportunities to make friends with Nobunaga's pageboys than with the nobles, admired the samurai.
Japanese: 信尹は、幼い頃から父とともに地方で過ごし、帰京後も公家よりも信長の小姓らと仲良くする機会が多かったために武士に憧れていたという（天正18年（1590年）に書かれた菊亭晴季あての手紙）。
English: As soon as Hideyoshi directed his forces against Korea, he ran away from Kyoto and went off to Hizen Nagoya in order to cross the sea to Korea in January, 1593 (December, 1592 in lunar calendar).
Japanese: 秀吉が朝鮮出兵の兵を起こすや否や、文禄元年12月に自身も朝鮮に渡海するため京都を出奔し肥前名護屋に赴いた。
English: The Emperor Goyozei puzzled over the event and sent an imperial rescript to Hideyoshi to prevent Nobutada from crossing the sea.
Japanese: 後陽成天皇は宸襟を悩ましたてまつり、勅書を秀吉に賜って信尹の渡海をくい止めようとされた。
English: His conduct, which was too bold for a courtier, and a false accusation by Harusue KIKUTEI (it is said that the sentence, 'If the position of Kanpaku is transferred by succession, I hope to be assigned at least as Nairan (the person who checked documents before they were given to the Emperor)' included in the afore-mentioned letter caused the problem) led the Emperor to censure Nobutada in May 1594, leaving him in a difficult position.
Japanese: 廷臣としては余りに奔放な行動であり、更に菊亭晴季らが讒言（前述の手紙には「関白が豊臣氏の世襲になるならばせめて内覧任命を希望したい」という文言が入っていた事が問題になったと言われている）したため、文禄3年(1594年)4月についに後陽成天皇の勅勘を蒙る羽目に陥った。
English: Nobutada was exiled to Bonotsu, Satsuma Province for three years and the things that happened during that period are described in detail in Nobutada's diary, 'Sanmyakuinki.'
Japanese: 信尹は、薩摩国坊津に3年間配流となり、その間の事情は、信尹の日記「三藐院記」に詳述されている。
English: Although he felt lonely living in distant Kyushu, he was made to feel welcome by Yoshihisa SHIMAZU.
Japanese: 遠い九州での暮らしは心細くもあったが、一方で島津義久から滞在中、厚遇を受けている。
English: Since Nobutada had no successor, Emperor Goyozei's fourth son, whose mother was Chuwamonin Sakiko, a younger sister of Nobutada, was named Nobuhiro KONOE and made heir.
Japanese: 信尹には嗣子がいなかったので、後陽成天皇第4皇子で信尹の妹中和門院前子の産んだ近衛信尋を名のり継いだ。
English: He was particularly known for calligraphy, having learned the Sonen school and developed a manner of his own called the Konoe school or the Sanmyakuin school.
Japanese: 特に書道は尊円流を学び、更にこれを発展させて一派を形成し、近衛流、または三藐院流と称される。
English: He was praised for his skillful brushwork and, together with Koetsu HONAMI and Shojo SHOKADO, was one of the 'Three great calligraphers of Kanei era.'
Japanese: 本阿弥光悦、松花堂昭乗とともに「寛永の三筆」と後世、能書を称えられた。
English: Sakihisa KONOE (1536 - June 7, 1612) was a court noble who lived during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) and the Azuchi-Momoyama period,
Japanese: 近衞前久（このえさきひさ、天文(元号)5年（1536年）-慶長17年5月8日(旧暦)（1612年6月7日））は、戦国時代(日本)・安土桃山時代の公家。
English: He was born as the first son of Taneie KONOE in Kyoto in 1536.
Japanese: 天文(元号)5年（1536年）、近衛稙家の長男として京都に生まれる。
English: In 1540, he had his coming of age ceremony and received one character from the name of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the 12th Shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, taking the name Harutsugu.
Japanese: 天文9年（1540年）に元服し、室町幕府第12代将軍足利義晴から一字を賜り晴嗣と称する。
English: In 1547, he assumed the position of Naidaijin (Minister of the Center), Udaijin (Minister of the Right) in 1553, then Kanpaku Sadaijin in 1554.
Japanese: 天文16年（1547年）に内大臣、天文22年（1553年）に右大臣、天文23年（1554年）に関白左大臣となる。
English: On February 14, 1555, he was promoted to the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank) and changed his name to Sakitsugu.
Japanese: 天文24年（1555年）1月13日、従一位に昇叙し、名を前嗣と改める。
English: In 1559, when Kagetora NAGAO (later Kenshin UESUGI) of Echigo Province went to Kyoto, he became close to Sakihisa and they made a pact by exchanging vows written in blood.
Japanese: 永禄2年（1559年）、越後国の長尾景虎（後の上杉謙信）が上洛したが、前久と景虎は互いに肝胆照らし合い、血書の起請文を交わして盟約を結んだ。
English: Although Sakihisa was Kanpaku, like most nobles of the Sengoku period he moved around a lot, going to Echigo in 1560, then Kozuke Province and Koga Palace in Shimosa Province to help Kagetora control Kanto region.
Japanese: 前久は、関白の職にありながら、永禄3年（1560年）に越後に下向し、更に景虎の関東平定を助けるために上野国、下総国の古河御所に赴くなど戦国の公家らしい行動力に溢れていた。
English: In 1565, Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA was killed by Hisahide MATSUNAGA and three retainers of the Miyoshi clan who, fearing being charged with the Shogun's murder, turned to Sakihisa.
Japanese: 永禄8年（1565年）の永禄の変で将軍足利義輝を殺害した三好三人衆・松永久秀は将軍殺害の罪に問われる事を危惧して揃って前久を頼った。
English: Although Sakihisa was a cousin of Yoshiteru, he decided to make Yoshihide ASHIKAGA, who was recommended by them, Shogun since he appreciated Yoshihide for protecting his older sister, a legal wife of Yoshiteru.
Japanese: 前久は義輝の従兄弟であったがその正室である自分の姉を保護した事を評価してこれを認め、彼らが推す足利義栄の将軍就任を決定した。
English: However, in 1568 Nobunaga ODA successfully went to Kyoto on Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA's orders.
Japanese: だが、永禄11年（1568年）織田信長が足利義昭を奉じ上洛を果たした。
English: Due to Sakihisa's behavior after the Eiroku Incident, and also because Haruyoshi NIJO, who aspired to the position of Kanpaku, blamed Sakihisa, Yoshiaki suspected him of involvement in his older brother's death.
Japanese: 義昭は永禄の変後の前久の行動から兄の死には前久が関与しているのではと疑い、更に関白を狙う二条晴良も前久を追及した。
English: Sakihisa, sensing danger, asked Kennyo, the 11th head of the Hongan-ji Temple in Kyoto for help and entered the Ishiyama-Hongan-ji Temple in Osaka, then he was dismissed as Kanpaku.
Japanese: これに危機感を抱いた前久は、京都から本願寺11世顕如を頼って大阪石山本願寺に入って関白を解任された。
English: Later, when 'the coalition against Nobunaga' was built, Sakihisa joined at the request of the three Miyoshi retainers and encouraged Kennyo to rise in revolt.
Japanese: 後に「信長包囲網」の動きが出てくると、前久も三好三人衆の依頼を受けてこれに参加して顕如に決起を促したと言われている。
English: However, Sakihisa felt no hostility toward Nobunaga; his purpose was to eliminate Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Haruyoshi NIJO who had become Shogun and Kanpaku under Nobunaga.
Japanese: だが、前久自身は信長に敵意は無く、信長の下で将軍・関白となった足利義昭と二条晴良の排除が目的であった。
English: Therefore, when Nobunaga expelled Yoshiaki from Kyoto in 1573 and Haruyoshi gradually fell out of favor due to his lack of political capacity, Sakihisa switched to Naomasa AKAI in Tamba Province and left 'the coalition against Nobunaga.'
Japanese: そのため、天正元年（1573年）に義昭が信長によって京都を追放され、一方晴良も政治能力の無さから信長から疎んじられるようになると、前久は丹波国の赤井直正のもとに移って「信長包囲網」から離脱した。
English: Later on, he developed a deep friendship with Nobunaga; in particular, they shared a common interest in falconry and often boasted of the results to each other.
Japanese: 以後は信長との親交を深め、特に鷹狩りという共通の趣味を有していた事から、前久と信長はしばしば互いの成果を自慢しあったと言われている。
English: In October, at the request of Nobunaga, he went down to Kyushu region to settle disputes among the Otomo, the Ito, the Sagara and the Shimazu clans.
Japanese: 9月には、信長に要請される形で、九州に下向し、大友氏・伊東氏・相良氏・島津氏の和議を図った。
English: In 1577, he returned to Kyoto and was given the title of Jusangu (title given to nobles and Imperial families) in 1578.
Japanese: 天正5年（1577年）に京都に戻り、翌天正6年（1578年）准三宮の待遇を受ける。
English: After that, he tried to mediate between Nobunaga and Hongan-ji Temple, and in 1580, Kennyo left Ishiyama-hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 次いで信長と本願寺の調停に乗り出し、天正8年（1580年）顕如は石山本願寺を退去した。
English: Nobunaga particularly appreciated Sakihisa for forcing the surrender of Ishiyama-hongan-ji Temple, which had withstood a 10-year siege, and according to Sakihisa's letter to his son, Nobutada KONOE, Nobunaga promised to 'give a province to the Konoe family after the domination of the whole country.'
Japanese: 特に10年近くかかっても攻め落とせなかった石山本願寺を開城させた事に対する信長の評価は高く、前久が息子近衛信尹にあてた手紙によれば、信長から「天下平定の暁には近衛家に令制国を献上する」約束を得たという。
English: In March 1582, he assumed the position of Daijo-daijin, but resigned in June.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）2月に太政大臣となるが、5月には辞任している。
English: It is said that this was because Sakihisa intended to transfer the position to Nobunaga to help solve the problem of the position of Nobunaga, who at that time did not have any position and had been recommended to assume one of the following three positions; Daijo-daijin, Kanpaku or Shogun.
Japanese: これは信長の三職推任問題に関連して前久が信長に同職を譲る意向であったからだとも言われている。
English: However, Nobunaga died an unnatural death in the Honnoji Incident on July 1, and Sakihisa's destiny was out of his own hands.
Japanese: だが、6月2日の本能寺の変によって、信長が横死したため、前久の運命も変転を余儀なくされる。
English: However, he was grilled by Nobutaka ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI due to the false charge that 'the army of Mitsuhide AKECHI fired shots at Honno-ji Temple from the residence of Sakihisa.'
Japanese: しかし、「本能寺を攻撃した明智光秀軍が前久邸から本能寺を銃撃した」と讒言に遭い、織田信孝や豊臣秀吉からも詰問される。
English: One year later, thanks to mediation by Ieyasu, the misunderstandings with Hideyoshi were cleared up and he could return to Kyoto, but Ieyasu and Hideyoshi fought fiercely each other in the Komaki-Nagakute War in 1584, and Sakihisa's position became shaky again and hid himself in Nara.
Japanese: 一年後、家康の斡旋により秀吉の誤解は解け京都に戻るが、天正12年（1584年）小牧・長久手の戦いで両雄が激突したため、またもや立場が危うくなった前久は奈良に身を寄せた。
English: In addition, he displayed outstanding competence in horsemanship and falconry, writing 'Ryuzankotakahyakushu (龍山公鷹百首),' which was an anthology of waka and a technical guide for falconry.
Japanese: 更に馬術や鷹狩りなどにも抜群の力量を示して「龍山公鷹百首」という鷹狩りの専門的な解説書を兼ねた歌集も執筆している。
English: He had to leave Kyoto and travel around rural areas, but for Sakihisa, this was not just a way to escape economic hardship or war, but one way to actively participate in politics.
Japanese: 京都を離れ、地方を流浪遍歴することを余儀なくされたが、前久にとっては、単に経済的困窮や戦乱を逃れるためのものではなく、むしろ政治への積極参加のための手段の一つであった。
English: At the same time, it is considered that he played an important role in introducing the culture of the capital into rural areas.
Japanese: 同時に地方に中央の文化を伝播する上で重要な役割を果たしたと評価されている。
English: Nobuhiro KONOE (June 24, 1599 - November 15, 1649) was a court noble and Toshichoja (representative of the Fujiwara family) who lived in early Edo period.
Japanese: 近衞信尋（このえのぶひろ、慶長4年5月2日(旧暦)（1599年6月24日）-慶安2年10月11日(旧暦)（1649年11月15日））は、江戸時代前期の公家・藤氏長者。
English: He was born as the fourth son of the Emperor Goyozei on June 24, 1599.
Japanese: 慶長4年（1599年）5月2日、後陽成天皇の第四皇子として生まれる。
English: On July 3, 1606, he was promoted to the rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and raised to court noble.
Japanese: 慶長11年（1606年）5月28日、従三位に叙せられ、公卿に列する。
English: In 1607, he assumed the position of Chunagon (Councilor), then Dainagon (Chief Councilor) in 1611, Naidaijin (Minister of the Center) in 1612.
Japanese: 慶長12年（1607年）に中納言、慶長16年（1611年）に大納言、慶長17年（1612年）には内大臣となる。
English: In 1614, he advanced to the position of Udaijin (Minister of the Right), then Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) in 1620, and Kanpaku in 1623.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）、右大臣に進み、元和(日本)6年（1620年）に左大臣、元和9年（1623年）には関白に補せられる。
English: He inherited the quality of Sakihisa KONOE and Nobutada KONOE, becoming a person of culture familiar with various arts.
Japanese: 近衛前久、信尹の文化人の資質を受け継ぎ、諸芸道に精通した文化人であった。
English: Together with Imperial Prince Ryojoho and Akiyoshi ICHIJO, he played a central role in the court culture and literary movements centered on his older brother, Emperor Gomizunoo.
Japanese: 実兄である後水尾天皇を中心とする宮廷文化・文芸活動を良恕法親王、一条昭良らとともに中心人物として担った。
English: There is an anecdote that he and Shoeki HAIYA fought over Yoshino Tayu, the most famous geisha in Rokujo-misuji-machi (later moved to Shimabara).
Japanese: 嶋原（後に嶋原に移転）一の名妓・吉野太夫を灰屋紹益と競ったエピソードでも知られる。
English: It is said that he was really disappointed when Shoeki bought Tayu's freedom and they got married.
Japanese: 太夫が紹益に身請けされ、結婚した際には大変落胆したという話が伝わっている。
English: Garasha HOSOKAWA/Tama AKECHI (1563 - August 25, 1600) was the third daughter of Mitsuhide AKECHI and the wife of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 細川ガラシャ/明智珠（明智玉）（ほそかわガラシャ/あけちたま、俄羅奢、永禄6年（1563年）-慶長5年7月17日(旧暦)（1600年8月25日））は、明智光秀の三女で細川忠興の正室。
English: Her children included Ocho (born in 1579, Kagesada MAENO's wife), Tadataka HOSOKAWA (born in 1580), Okiaki HOSOKAWA (born in 1584), Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA (born in 1586), and Tara (born in 1588, Kazumichi INABA's wife).
Japanese: 子に、於長（おちょう：1579年生前野景定室）、細川忠隆（1580年生）、細川興秋（1584年生）、細川忠利（1586年生）、多羅（たら：1588年生稲葉一通室）などがいる。
English: To honor her, Christians started to call her 'Garasha HOSOKAWA' in Meiji period; however, in feudal Japan, it was common for husbands and wives to have different surnames, and in view of the examples of Masako HOJO, Toko AKAHASHI and Tomiko HINO, it is clearly wrong to use the name 'Hosokawa,' her correct name being 'Tama AKECHI.'
Japanese: 明治期にキリスト教徒らが彼女を讃えて「細川ガラシャ」と呼ぶようになったが、前近代の日本は夫婦別姓であり、北条政子・赤橋登子・日野富子などの例に照らせば「細川」姓で呼ぶのは明らかな間違いで、「明智珠」と呼ぶのが正しい。
English: In 1563, she was born as the third daughter of Mitsuhide AKECHI and his wife, Hiroko AKECHI (she is also considered to have been the fourth daughter,
Japanese: 永禄6年（1563年）、明智光秀と妻明智煕子の間に三女（四女説もある。
English: However, in this case, the first and second daughters were adopted ones, so essentially she was the second daughter).
Japanese: ただしこの場合、長女と次女は養女であり、実質は次女となる）として生まれる。
English: In 1578, when she was fifteen, she married Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, the legitimate son of Yusai HOSOKAWA, on the advice of her father's master, Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 天正6年（1578年）、15歳の時に父の主君織田信長のすすめによって細川幽斎の嫡男・細川忠興に嫁いだ。
English: Tama was beautiful and on good terms with Tadaoki, their first daughter being born in 1579 and their first son (Tadataka HOSOKAWA, later Kyumu NAGAOKA) being born in 1580.
Japanese: 珠は美女で忠興とは仲のよい夫婦であり、天正7年（1579年）には長女が、同8年（1580年）には長男（細川忠隆後の長岡休無）が二人の間に生まれた。
English: However, her father, Mitsuhide, killed Nobunaga ODA at Honnoji-Temple (the Honnoji Incident) in June 1582, then he himself also died, and Tama became known as the 'traitor's daughter.'
Japanese: しかし天正10年（1582年）6月、父の光秀が織田信長を本能寺で討って（本能寺の変）自らも滅んだため、珠は「逆臣の娘」となる。
English: Since Tadaoki loved Tama and was unwilling to divorce, he confined her in Midono, Tango Province (present-day Yasaka-cho, Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture) until 1584.
Japanese: 忠興は珠を愛していたがために離縁する気になれず、天正12年（1584年）まで彼女を丹後国の味土野（現在の京都府京丹後市弥栄町）に隔離・幽閉する。
English: During that period, Tama was waited upon by Kojiu (chamberlain), whom Mitsuhide had made escort Tama when she got married, and by the maids of Ito KIYOHARA (daughter of a noble Shigekata KIYOHARA) of the Kiyohara family, who were relatives of the Hosokawa family.
Japanese: この間の彼女を支えたのは、光秀が玉の結婚する時に付けた小侍従や、細川家の親戚筋にあたる清原家の清原いと（公家清原枝賢の娘）らの侍女達だった。
English: It is a historical fact that Tama was confined in the mountains of Midono (Yasaka-cho, Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture), Tango Province after September, 1582.
Japanese: 珠の幽閉先とされる場所であるが、丹後味土野の山中（現京丹後市弥栄町）に天正10年9月以降に幽閉されたことは史実である。
English: But in 'Tambashi' (History of Tamba), there is a tradition called 'Tamba Midono theory' which explains that Tama was hiding in Midono, Tamba Province.
Japanese: しかし一方、「丹波史」には丹波味土野に珠が隠棲していたとの伝承「丹波味土野説」がある。
English: If this tradition is a fact, it is possible that Tadaoki HOSOKAWA sent Tama back to the Tanba Midono residence in the Akechi's domain immediately after the Honnoji-Temple Incident, then built a residence in Midono, Tango Province in the Hosokawa's domain and confined Tama there after the downfall of the Akechi.
Japanese: この伝承が事実とすると、本能寺の変直後には、細川忠興は珠をまず明智領の丹波味土野屋敷に送り返し、明智が滅亡したのちに改めて細川領の丹後味土野に屋敷を作って珠を幽閉したとも考えられる。
English: In April 1584, through the mediation of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who had gained hegemony after Nobunaga's death, Tadaoki brought Tama back to the Hosokawa's Osaka residence.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）3月、信長の死後に覇権を握った豊臣秀吉の取り成しもあって、忠興は珠を細川家の大坂屋敷に戻した。
English: In the course of her tumultuous life, Tama had heard about the Catholic Church and gradually became fascinated by its tenets.
Japanese: これらの人生の変転の中で、珠はカトリック教会の話を聞き、その教えに心を魅かれていった。
English: In 1586, Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA (his childhood name was Mitsuchiyo) was born and Tama always worried about his poor health.
Japanese: 天正14年（1586年）、細川忠利（幼名・光千代）が生まれたが、病弱のため、珠は日頃から心配していた。
English: On March 19, 1587, when her husband Tadaoki went off to Kyushu, she dared to go to listen to a Catholic sermon.
Japanese: 天正15年（1587年）2月11日(旧暦)（3月19日）、夫の忠興が九州へ出陣し、彼女は意を決してカトリックの教えを聞きに行った。
English: When she arrived the church, an Easter sermon was being given and Tama asked various questions to a monk.
Japanese: 教会ではそのとき復活祭の説教を行っているところであり、珠は修道士にいろいろな質問をした。
English: Later, the monk, Cosme, remarked 'I had never spoken with such a brilliant and courageous Japanese woman before.'
Japanese: そのコスメ修道士は後に「これほど明晰かつ果敢な判断ができる日本の女性と話したことはなかった」と述べている。
English: After coming back from the church, Father Gregorio de Sespedes, a Jesuit staying in Osaka, arranged a secret baptism for Tama and she received the Christian name 'Garasha', a Japanized form of Gracia (from Gratia, meaning grace and blessing in Latin).
Japanese: 教会から戻った珠は大坂に滞在していたイエズス会士グレゴリオ・デ・セスペデス神父の計らいで密かに洗礼を受け、ガラシャ（Gratia、ラテン語で恩寵・神の恵みの意）という洗礼名を受けた。
English: However, Hideyoshi ordered the deportation of Christian missionaries and prohibited feudal lords from having faith in Christianity without permission.
Japanese: しかし、後に秀吉はバテレン追放令を出し、大名が許可無くキリスト教を信仰することを禁じた。
English: Tadaoki, furious at the fact that all the maids in the house had converted to Catholicism, cut off their noses and threw them out.
Japanese: 忠興は家中の侍女らがキリスト教に改宗したことを知って激怒し、改宗した侍女の鼻を削ぎ、追い出した。
English: Fortunately, Garasha was able to keep her secret, but she felt abandoned and confessed to a missionary, 'I want to leave my husband.'
Japanese: 幸いにもガラシャは発覚を免れたが、拠り所を失ったガラシャは「夫と別れたい」と宣教師に打ち明けた。
English: The missionary taught her, 'Don't yield to temptation, your virtue will increase only when you tackle the difficulty.'
Japanese: 宣教師は「誘惑に負けてはならない」「困難に立ち向かってこそ、徳は磨かれる」と説いた。