nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Some South Korean archaeologists now sharply criticize conventional theories by Korean researchers strongly affected by nationalism and they point out that the interaction between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago at the time was extremely inseparable.
Japanese: また韓国の考古学者の中にも、民族主義の影響を強く受けた従来の自国の研究者の学説を厳しく批判し、この時期の韓半島と日本列島の交流が極めて密接なものであったことを指摘する者が現れている。
English: Sakite meant van or spearhead, and served as ashigaru-tai (foot soldier units) of the spearhead of TOKUGAWA clan in battles.
Japanese: 先手とは先陣･先鋒という意味であり、戦闘時には徳川氏の先鋒足軽隊を勤めた。
English: Therefore, it usually served as a guard placed for each gate around the Edo-jo Castle, a guard of shogun when going out, maintenance of security of the Edo castle town, and so forth.
Japanese: そこで、平時は江戸城に配置されている各門の警護、征夷大将軍外出時の警備、江戸城下の治安維持等を勤めた。
English: For example, it had thirty groups in total, consisting of about ten groups of the Yumi (archery) troop and about twenty groups of matchlock infantry, with each group being stationed with one kumigashira (a head of the group), ten yoriki (police sergeants), and thirty to fifty doshin (police constables).
Japanese: 一例として弓組約10組と筒組（鉄砲組）約20組の計30組で、各組には組頭1騎、与力が10騎、同心が30から50人程配置されていた。
English: While Machi-yoriki and Machi-doshin were the subordinate of machi-bugyo (town magistrate) who were civil officers to maintain the public security of the Edo castle town, Kumi-yoriki and Kumi-doshin were under the control of the sakite-gumi, which was bankata (military officers), and regulated the Edo castle town so roughly that they were said to be feared by the Edo people.
Japanese: 同じく江戸城下の治安を預かる町奉行が役方（文官）であり、その部下である町与力や町同心とは対照的に、御先手組は番方であり、その部下である組与力・組同心の取り締まり方は極めて荒っぽく、江戸の民衆から恐れられたという。
English: Japanese Envoys to Tamna was dispatched to Tamna from Japan (Wakoku).
Japanese: 遣耽羅使（けんたんらし）とは、日本（倭国）が耽羅に派遣した使節である。
English: The first appearance of Tamna in historical records is as Juho (present Jeju Island) in Weizhi Dongyi zhuan (Records of Wei Concerning Eastern Barbarians) in "Sangokushi (Three Kingdoms Saga)", a Chinese history book written in the third century, but the Geographical Record of the "History of Goryeo" also records a legend which reports its relationship with Wa (Japan) suggesting its interaction with Japan from the ancient times.
Japanese: 耽羅の歴史的な記録としては3世紀の中国の史書『三国志(歴史書)』魏志東夷伝に見える州胡が初見であるが、『高麗史』地理志には倭との関係を伝える伝説も記載されており、古くから日本と交流があったらしいことが推察される。
English: Tamna seems to have paid tributes to Baekje and have become its subject from the fifth to sixth century as written in Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms).
Japanese: その後5世紀から6世紀にかけて、『三国史記』の記事に見えるように耽羅は百済に朝貢、服属したと見られている。
English: Upon the fall of Baekje in 660 due to the invasion by the Tang army, Tamna developed its own diplomacy starting with the dispatch of an envoy to Tang in the same year ("Tang Huiyao" [Institutional History of Tang]).
Japanese: 660年に百済が唐軍の侵攻によって滅亡すると、耽羅は独自の外交を展開し、同年には唐へ使いを派遣した（『唐会要』）。
English: It also sent Prince Awagi to Japan in 661, taking advantage of the event that the fourth Japanese envoys to Tang drifted down to Tamna, and began to pay tributes to Japan; since then, as far as we can see in the official records, its envoys visited Japan at least nine times until 678, continuing to pay tributes to Japanese Imperial court until it was subjected to Silla in 679.
Japanese: また661年（斉明天皇7年）には第4回遣唐使が耽羅に漂着したことを期に王子阿波伎等を日本に派遣し入貢し、以後耽羅からは678年（天武天皇7年）までの間に公式記録に残るだけで計9次の使節が日本を訪れ、679年（日本天武天皇8年、新羅文武王元年）に新羅に服属するまで朝貢を続けた。
English: Tamna is thought to have worked with Japan to back Baekje at the time because 'Japanese Envoys to Tamna' are included in the list of capitulants of Battle of Hakusukinoe.
Japanese: また白村江の戦いの降伏者を示した記録に「耽羅国使」が確認できることからこの時期の耽羅は日本とともに百済救援の行動を起こしていたと見られている。
English: Japan responded to the tribute from Tamna by dispatching envoys to Tamna in 679 and 684.
Japanese: 日本への入貢に対し、679年（天武天皇8年）と684年（天武天皇13年）には日本から耽羅への使者が派遣されている。
English: Although the members of the first envoy are not identified, the envoy of 684 included senior envoy INUKAI no Tasuki and junior envoy KAWARA no Kane, according to "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 初回の使者は不明であるが、684年（天武天皇13年）の使者については、大使犬養手繦、小使川原加尼と『日本書紀』に記録されている。
English: Both envoys were dispatched as an addition to envoys to Silla; the first one was dispatched to give silent approval for the Tamna's subjection to Silla and the latter one was dispatched to investigate the situation there after the annexation of Hotoku (報徳国) to Silla.
Japanese: 両者とも新羅への遣使の副次として送られたもので、前者は耽羅の新羅への臣属を黙認するもの、後者は報徳国の新羅への併合を受けての動向探索のためと推察されている。
English: In addition, envoys from Tamna arrived in Japan in 688 and 693 but they were not allowed to enter the capital and were forced to stay in Dazai-fu, probably because the two countries no longer had a formal diplomatic relations at the time.
Japanese: 更に688年（持統天皇2年）と693年（持統天皇7年）にも耽羅からの使者が来日しているが、既に正規の国交を維持する状況になかったためか、入京できずに大宰府で留められている。
English: Kanjosho is the name of an office or a governing organization established for finance and civil administration in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), in each domain and at each hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
Japanese: 勘定所(かんじょうしょ)は、江戸幕府や諸藩・旗本などにおいて、財政や民政を担当する役所・支配機構の名称。
English: In the Edo bakufu, the two types of operations are integrated into the kanjosho, but many of the domains have two independent organizations.
Japanese: 江戸幕府の場合は両系統が勘定所に包摂されているが、別機構になっている諸藩も多い。
English: Headed by kanjo bugyo, the kanjosho was composed of auditors, chief financial officers, accountants and managing accountants.
Japanese: 勘定奉行を長官として、勘定吟味役・勘定組頭・勘定・支配勘定などで構成されていた。
English: There were two offices: "Goten kanjosho" in the Edo Castle and "Shimo kanjosho" in the Ote-mon Gate.
Japanese: 役所は、城内の「御殿勘定所」と大手門内の「下勘定所」のふたつがあった。
English: In the Tenna era and thereafter, regional magistrates and local governors were bureaucratized, and the governing system integrating commissioners of finance to local governors was developed.
Japanese: 天和(日本)年間以降に郡代・代官の吏僚化が図られ、勘定奉行から代官に至る支配機構の整備が進められた。
English: In 1721, the kanjosho was divided into two departments of "kattekata" (in charge of agriculture and finance) and "kujikata" (in charge of lawsuits).
Japanese: 享保6年(1721年)に、「勝手方」（農政財政関係）と「公事方」（訴訟関係）というふたつの部門に分割された。
English: The Battle of Sattatoge (also referred to as the Battle of Mt. Satta) was a battle fought between the troops of Takauji ASHIKAGA and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA at Sattatoge (Satta-toge Pass) in Suruga Province (Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture) in December 1351, during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 薩峠の戦い（さったとうげのたたかい、薩山の戦いとも）は、南北朝時代(日本)の1351年（正平(日本)6年/観応2年）12月、駿河国薩た峠（静岡県静岡市清水区）において、足利尊氏の軍勢と足利直義の軍勢との間で行われた合戦である。
English: The conflict continued even after the premeditated murder of KO no Moronao and his brother KO no Moroyasu by the Tadayoshi faction, and in 1351, Tadayoshi fled from Kyoto with busho (Japanese military commander) who belonged to his faction, including Tadatsune MOMONOI, Takatsune SHIBA and Tokiuji YAMANA, and reached Kamakura City via Hokuriku Region and Shinano Province.
Japanese: 直義派による高師直・高師泰兄弟の謀殺後も対立は止まらず、1351年（正平6年/観応2年）直義は桃井直常・斯波高経・山名時氏をはじめ自派の武将を伴って京都を脱出し、北陸地方・信濃国を経て鎌倉市へ至る。
English: After making peace with the Southern Court (Japan), Takauji was given an order from the Emperor Gomurakami to search out and destroy Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 尊氏は南朝(日本)と和睦して後村上天皇から足利直義・足利直冬追討令を得た。
English: He left Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA in Kyoto, and took the Tokai-do Road eastward with Yoriaki NIKI, Yoshinaga NIKI, and Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA.
Japanese: 足利義詮を京都に残し、仁木頼章・仁木義長・畠山国清らを伴って東海道を東進した。
English: After winning the battle, Takauji and his troops successively defeated the troops of Tadayoshi in the battle of Hayakawajiri, Sagami Province (Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture) and other battles, and the following year, in 1352, Tadayoshi surrendered to Takauji.
Japanese: この合戦に勝利した尊氏勢は、その後、相模国早川尻（神奈川県小田原市）などの戦いでも直義勢を破り、翌1352年（正平7年/文和元年）直義は尊氏に降伏した。
English: It is generally believed that he died of illness, but "Taiheiki" (The Record of the Great Peace) exceptionally states that he was murdered by poisoning.
Japanese: 病死とされているが、『太平記』のみは尊氏による毒殺であると記している。
English: Sangen (or Sankan) is a general term for the three important sekisho (a checkpoint) out of which were established in and around Kinai (five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) in ancient Japan.
Japanese: 三関（さんげん、さんかん）とは、古代の日本で畿内周辺に設けられた関所の内、特に重視された三つの関の総称。
English: Originally it referred to the three checkpoints of Fuwanoseki (Mino Province), Suzukanoseki (Ise Province) and Arachinoseki (Echizen Province), but in the early ninth century Arachinoseki was replaced by Osakanoseki (Omi Province).
Japanese: 当初は不破関（美濃国）、鈴鹿関（伊勢国）、愛発関（越前国）の三つを指したが、9世紀初頭に相坂関（近江国）が愛発関に代わった。
English: Sangen were always provided with some military instruments and weapons, and there was a rule that at least two kokushi (a provincial officer) of shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks) should always be stationed to defend the seki.
Japanese: 三関には鼓吹軍器、すなわち兵器類が常備され、必ず複数の国司四等官が関を守護するため常駐する規定があった。
English: On this occasion Kogenshi was given a left half of a tally called Kankei (a tally used by military forces when they passed through Sangen in case of emergency) which was kept by Kurazukasa (a public office dealing with tallies for Sangen, clothes of Emperor and Empress, and so on) and compared it at Sangen with a right half which had been kept by Kokushu (the governor of a province).
Japanese: この際、蔵司が保管する関契とよばれる割符の左符が固関使に与えられ、三関で国守によって保管されていた右符と照合を行なう。
English: By the way there was a view in the past that the gate was closed to prevent people from entering Kinai from Togoku (eastern provinces), but recently another view has been plausible that it was closed to prevent the state of emergency which had occurred in the capital from spreading to Togoku.
Japanese: なお、関を閉鎖するのは東国から畿内への侵入を防ぐためという見方が従来あったが、逆に中央で起きた非常事態の東国への波及を阻止する事が目的だったとする見解が近年では有力である。
English: All the cases in which Kogen was put into practice were emergencies in the capital; all the Kokufu (an ancient provincial office) of the Sangen provinces was positioned at the east side of each seki, namely, outside of seki when it was seen from the capital; and so on.
Japanese: 実際に固関が行なわれたケースが全て中央での非常事態である事、三関国の国府がいずれも関の東、すなわち中央から見て関の外側に位置している事など、である。
English: Also there was a purpose to prevent rebels against the capital from fleeing to Togoku; in FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War in 764, closing Arachinoseki prevented Nakamaro from escaping to Echizen Province where his son lived.
Japanese: また中央の謀反者の東国への逃走を防ぐ目的もあり、天平宝字8年（764年）の藤原仲麻呂の乱では、愛発関を閉じる事で仲麻呂が息子のいる越前国へ逃げる事を防いだ。
English: Sangen is considered to be established in 672 or 673.
Japanese: 三関の設置時期は天武天皇元年（672年）ないし、同2年（673年）とされる。
English: It is known that in the Jinshin War, which happened around that time, Emperor Tenmu closed Fuwanomichi (an important gateway to Togoku, present Sekigahara of Gifu Prefecture) at the initial stage and got an advantage.
Japanese: その前後の壬申の乱では、天武天皇が初動で不破道を塞ぎ、優位に立ったことが知られている。
English: After this, by the Taihoryo (Taiho Code) of the early eighth century, Sangen was legally designated to have both police and military functions.
Japanese: この後、8世紀初頭の大宝令により、三関が警察・軍事の機能を兼備する事が法的に規定された。
English: During the Wado era, due to an imperial command, two guards (military officers) were deployed for Kokushu of the Sangen provinces.
Japanese: 和銅年間には、勅命によって三関国の国守に仗（武官）2人が配備されている。
English: At the death of the Retired Emperor Genmei on January 2, 722, Kogen was performed for the first time.
Japanese: 養老5年12月7日_(旧暦)（722年1月2日）の元明太上天皇の死去の際、初めて固関が行なわれた。
English: Thereafter, kogenshi was dispatched in cases of death or disease of emperors and retired emperors, and some battles such as Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao), FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War, the War of Kusuko, and so on.
Japanese: その後、天皇や太上天皇の病気・死去、および長屋王の変や藤原仲麻呂の乱、薬子の乱などの争乱で固関使が派遣されている。
English: On August 13, 789, by the imperial decree of Emperor Kanmu, Sangen of Fuwanoseki, Suzukanoseki and Arachinoseki was suddenly abolished.
Japanese: 延暦8年7月14日_(旧暦)（789年8月13日）、桓武天皇の勅により、不破関および鈴鹿関、愛発関の三関は突然停廃された。
English: At the times of Emperor Kanmu's death in 806 and the scheme to transfer the capital to Nara by the Retired Emperor Heizei in 810, an imperial edict to preserve Sangen was issued.
Japanese: 延暦25年（806年）の桓武天皇の死去や、弘仁元年（810年）の平城上皇による奈良遷都の策謀の際には、三関固守の命令が出された。
English: Thereafter, Kogen of 840, 871, 884, and so on, has been recorded in "Rikkokushi" (Japan's six national histories chronicling the seventh and eighth centuries).
Japanese: その後も、承和(日本)7年（840年）、貞観(日本)13年（871年）、元慶8年（884年）などの固関が『六国史』に記録されている。
English: Since then, in case of death of emperors and Sessho Kanpaku (regent and chief adviser to the Emperor), Kogen took place as designated in "Jogan Gishiki" (ceremonies in the manner of the Jogan era) and "Saikyuki" (a record of court practices and usage, written by MINAMOTO no Takaaki in Chinese style).
Japanese: 以降は、『貞観儀式』や『西宮記』などの規定通り、天皇や摂政・関白の死去などに際して固関が行なわれた。
English: Especially Kogen after the late tenth century became ceremonial and continued to the early-modern Tenpo era.
Japanese: 特に10世紀後半以後の固関は儀式的になり、近世の天保年間まで続けられた。
English: Jichi To was the idea of new political party formed by local renown men such as mayors of towns and villages promoted by Kaoru INOUE from 1888 to 1889 but failed in the end.
Japanese: 自治党（じちとう）とは、1888年から翌年にかけて井上馨が進めてきた町村長ら地方の名望家を集めて結成を構想した新党構想であるが、失敗に終わった。
English: Inoue, who resigned from his post as Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs took responsibility for the failure of a treaty revision at the late stage of the first Ito cabinet by conceiving a plan to form a conservative party opposing minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party and Progressive Party that conflicted with the domain government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) by organizing men with high reputation such as mayors, who were the main constituent to manage local autonomies.
Japanese: 第1次伊藤内閣の末期、条約改正の失敗の責任をとって外務大臣(日本)を辞任した井上は、町村長ら地方自治運営の主体となる名望家層を結集させて、民党に対抗する保守政党を結成する構想を抱いた。
English: INOUE sent a letter at the end of July in 1888, to Kiyotaka KURODA, who asked him to join the cabinet as the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, and proposed therein that it would be impossible to perpetuate the political rule by the Satsuma-Choshu domain clique.
Japanese: 1888年7月下旬、井上は農商務大臣としての入閣を要請してきた黒田清隆に対して手紙を送り、薩長藩閥による政治の支配を永続させることは不可能であり、
English: He also introduced the concept of collecting the wealthy men above the middle class to establish a new political party having the central power in local districts, make them have seasoned political experience before dispatching to central political district to develop moderate conservative power to prevent the increase of school of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and nationalist as means of providing the politicians of the next generation who will continue the policy of enhancing the wealth and military strength of a country sought by the Meiji government
Japanese: 明治政府が進める富国強兵路線を継承する次世代の政治家を育てる手段として中等以上の財産家を集めて新党を結成して地方自治において主導権を握るとともに、彼らに政治的経験を積ませて中央に進出させ、穏健な保守勢力を形成させることで、過激な自由民権派や国粋主義者の台頭を食い止める構想を打ち明けている。
English: Inoue started preparing "Jichisei Kenkyu Kai" (a study group for autonomy) with Munemitsu MUTSU and Shuzo AOKI on October 15, 1888 after Inoue joined the cabinet, and it was virtually a committee for a new political party with a party newspaper called "Jichi Shinpo" (New Autonomy News).
Japanese: 井上の入閣後の同年10月5日、陸奥宗光・青木周蔵らとともに事実上の新党準備会にあたる「自治制研究会」を発足させて機関誌『自治新報』を発行するなど準備を進めた。
English: However, the movement cooled down due to "the doctrine of superiority" of Kuroda, the opposition of Aritomo YAMAGATA, as well as the conflict between Inoue and Kuroda regarding the treaty revision, and the plan was abolished in the summer of 1889 while "Jichisei Shinpo" discontinued publication in 1890.
Japanese: だが、翌年黒田が行った「超然主義演説」や山縣有朋らの反対、条約改正を巡る井上自身と黒田との対立もあって運動は低調となり、1889年夏には事実上計画は中止され、『自治新報』も1890年に廃刊された。
English: Nihon Seito Oshoku Jiken refers to a bribery scandal in the Meiji Period in which the board members of Nihon Seito in Taiwan conspired to bribe members of the House of Representatives with the aim of extending an effective period of a law.
Japanese: 日本製糖汚職事件（にほんせいとうおしょくじけん）は、台湾を舞台に日本製糖社取締役が共謀して、法律の延長を求めて複数の衆議院議員に対し金品を贈賄した明治時代に起きた疑獄事件。
English: After the Japanese-Sino war, Japan positioned sugar and camphor production as one of the key industries in Taiwan for the Japanese government to rule Taiwan, and protected the industry by enacting "Yunyu Genryo Satou ModoshiZei" (duty-free imported sugar) in 1902.
Japanese: 日本は日清戦争以後、日本政府が台湾を統治するにあたり、製糖と樟脳を台湾における主要産業の一つと位置付け、製糖関係では1902年（明治35年）に『輸入原料砂糖戻税』を制定して保護した。
English: While the proposed measure of a revised law aiming at further extending this law for five years up to 1911 was introduced and passed in both Houses, the board members of Nihon Seito, such as Kazuhiro AKIYAMA and Otosuke ISOMURA, conspired to bribe 20 influential members of the House of Representatives to enact the legislation in order to protect their own company's interests.
Japanese: この5年間有効の法律を更に1911年（明治44年）まで延長するために改正法案が提出され両院を通過したが、この法律を成立させるために、日本製糖社取締役秋山一裕、磯村音介などが自社の権益を守るために共謀し、有力衆議院議員20名に現金その他を渡して贈賄し買収したものである。
English: However, an internal conflict rose among bribers, and Kazuhiro AKIYAMA visited a prosecutor at the government quarters on April 11, 1908 to confess the fact that Nihon Seito made an illicit fund by a bookkeeping maneuver to bribe the members of the House of Representatives and hid the sources of the fund, a result of which the scandal was brought to light.
Japanese: ところが贈賄側に内部対立がおき、1908年（明治41年）4月11日に秋山一裕が検事官舎を訪れ、日本製糖が帳簿操作で不正金を捻出して衆議院議員を買収し、その資金出所を隠蔽した事実を自供した事から世間に明るみに出た。
English: As a result of questioning the members of the House of Representatives while the police investigating the bribery suspects, the number of members of the House of Representatives who received a bribe was found to increase to 20 members, belonging to the Seiyu Party, Shinpo To (Progrssive Party) (Japan), and a political party called "Daido Kurabu".
Japanese: 贈賄側を取り調べる傍ら、収賄議員の事情聴取を進めた結果、収賄を受けた議員は、政友会、進歩党(日本)、大同倶楽部の三派20名に及ぶ。
English: On July 3, two months after Akiyama's confession, a decision was handed down to the defendants at the Second Criminal Affairs Department of the Tokyo District Court, and the defendants were sentenced to 3 to 10 months in prison and were additionally fined.
Japanese: 秋山の自白から約2ヵ月後の7月3日に、東京地方裁判所第二刑事部において判決が言い渡され、被告達に禁固10ヶ月から3ヶ月に加え、収賄金の追徴の量刑となった。
English: On the other hand, the board members of Nihon Seito, the bribery suspects, were charged with violating laws for crimes of corruption, counterfeiting of documents, and consumption of a trust fund (Fourth Criminal Affairs Department of the Tokyo District Court was in charge for this), and Isomura was sentenced to a minimum term of 4 years in prison, and Akiyama was sentenced to a minimum term of 3 years and 6 months in prison on December 6, 1909.
Japanese: 一方、贈賄側の日本製糖取締役は、瀆職法、文書偽造罪、委託金費消違反に問われ、東京地方裁判所第四部刑事部が担当で1909年（明治42年）12月6日に判決言い渡しがあり、磯村は重禁固4年、秋山が同3年6ヶ月の実刑。
English: However, both Isomura and Akiyama appealed the first trial, but both the Tokyo and the Sendai High Courts dismissed the appeals on March 29, 1912, thereby fixing the final conclusive judgment.
Japanese: 然し、磯村、秋山両被告は一審判決を不服として控訴したが、東京高等裁判所、仙台高等裁判所の各判決は共に1912年（明治45年）3月29日に上告となり確定判決となる。
English: The Sino-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation is the treaty concluded between Japan and Qing Dynasty in Beijing City on July 21, 1896.
Japanese: 日清通商航海条約（にっしんつうしょうこうかいじょうやく）とは、1896年7月21日に北京市において日本と清の間に締結された条約。
English: It was concluded after the first Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 because the Sino-Japanese Amity Treaty was abrogated due to the war.
Japanese: 日清戦争により、日清修好条規が破棄されたため、戦後に新たに締結された。
English: Because of the victory of Japan in the war, the amity treaty, which was the irregular equal treaty, was changed into the unequal treaty in favor of Japan.
Japanese: 同戦争における日本の勝利を受けて修好条規の変則的平等条約から日本に有利な不平等条約に改められた。
English: It consists of 29 articles which were in favor of Japan, for example, the Article 9: To treat Japan the same as other western countries in commerce, the Article 22: To accept Japanese consular jurisdiction, the Article 26: The revision of the treaty can be proposed only after ten years from the exchange of the instruments of ratification, and if agreement is not reached in a half year after the term of revision started, the treaty is automatically extended for another 10 years and it cannot be revised during the period.
Japanese: 全29条から構成され、貿易における日本への待遇を欧米と同様とする（第9条）、日本に領事裁判権を認める（第22条）、条約改訂は批准書交換より10年後にのみ提議出来、半年以内に合意が成立しなければ、自動的に10年間延長されてその期間改訂出来ない（第26条）、など、日本に有利な内容であった。
English: In addition, on the basis of the Boxer Protocol, which had been concluded after the Boxer Rebellion (the Boxer Uprising), the Sino-Japanese Additional Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, which consisted of 13 articles, was concluded in Shanghai City on October 8, 1903, and the principal articles are as follows; the Article 4: To start commercial partnership between Japanese and Chinese, the Article 5: the protection of Japanese trademark and copyright, the Article 6 and 7: The obligation to fix the standard of weights and measures, the Article 11: To support Chinese judicial reform by Japanese and the obligation to abolish extraterritoriality after the reform is completed.
Japanese: 更に北清事変の際に結ばれた北京議定書に基づいて1903年10月8日に上海市において、全13条からなる日清（両国間）追加通商航海条約（にっしん（りょうこくかん）ついかこうかいじょうやく）が締結され、日本人と清国人の共同経営事業（第4条）、日本人の商標・著作権保護（第5条）、清国の貨幣制度・度量衡統一義務（第6・7条）・日本の清国司法改革支援と達成後の治外法権撤廃義務（第11条）が定められた。
English: After that, when the regime of Wang Zhaoming was established during the second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, Japan, which defended the regime, considered the abrogation of the unequal treaty, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and China was concluded on November 30, 1940 and the unequal treaty was formally abrogated (however, the presence of Japanese troops in China was accepted in the treaty, and the Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration which practically recognized Manchukuo was concluded at the same time, as a result, the hostility of the Chinese people toward the regime of Wang Zhaoming increased).
Japanese: その後、日中戦争下で汪兆銘政権が成立すると、同政権を擁護する立場から不平等条約破棄が検討され、1940年11月30日に日華基本条約が結ばれて不平等条約は正式に破棄された（ただし、この条約で日本軍の中国国内への駐留が認められ、また満州国を事実上承認する日満華共同宣言が併せて締結されたことから、汪兆銘政権への中国国民の反感を高める結果となっている）。
English: Ogurihangan is a legendary figure and also refers to tales of this person as a protagonist that have been handed down since the Japanese medieval period.
Japanese: 小栗判官（おぐりはんがん）は、伝説上の人物であり、またこれを主人公として日本の中世以降に伝承されてきた物語。
English: It is also known by the names of 'Oguri no hangan,' 'Oguri [written in hiragana] hangan,' 'Okuri no hangan,' and 'Okuri.'
Japanese: 「小栗の判官」「おぐり判官」「をくりの判官」「をくり」「おくり」などの名でも伝えられる。
English: There still are many remaining traditions about Oguri, some of which were created later, and significant differences can be found among them.
Japanese: 伝承は多く残っており、後に創作されたものもあり、それぞれにかなりの相違が見られる。
English: Places related to Oguri retain their respective traditions, and Kumano-kaido Road, which was taken by Oguri, is also called Oguri-kaido Road.
Japanese: また縁のある土地にもそれぞれの伝承が残っており、小栗の通った熊野街道は小栗街道とも呼ばれる。
English: It is said that Oguri was born as a son of FUJIWARA no Kaneie, an aristocrat in Heian-kyo (ancient capital of Japan in present-day Kyoto), and a woman from the Minamoto clan in Hitachi Province and died at the age of 83, but he is sometimes depicted as a personality in the 15th or 16th century.
Japanese: 平安京の貴族藤原兼家と常陸国の源氏の母の間に生まれ、83歳で死んだとされるが、15、16世紀頃の人物として扱われることもある。
English: Since he was born after childless Kaneie and his wife prayed to Bishamonten (Vaisravana) in Kurama region, Oguri was referred to as a Bishamonten's heaven-sent child.
Japanese: 子宝に恵まれない兼家夫妻が鞍馬の毘沙門天に祈願し生まれたことから、毘沙門天の申し子とされる。