nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The bakufu collaborated with Imperial Court for the defense of the nation and, in addition to refortifying the Saigoku's defenses, it also received permission to procure personnel and military supplies from the Imperial Court's territories which had previously been outside of the bakufu's control.
Japanese: 幕府は朝廷と一体になって、国家鎮護に当たることとし、西国の警固を再強化するとともに、それまで幕府の支配の及ばなかった朝廷側の支配地、本所一円地からの人員・兵粮の調達が認められるようになった。
English: The Yuan Dynasty again attempted to invade Japan, concentrating their forces on northern Kyushu, in the summer of 1281.
Japanese: 元は1281年（弘安4）夏に再度、九州北部を中心に日本への侵略を試みた。
English: This assault met with the strong resistance of the Kamakura faction for more than a month, causing the invasion to stagnate when a typhoon inflicted heavy damage on the Yuan army, forcing them to retreat.
Japanese: この時は1ヶ月以上にわたる鎌倉方の頑強な抵抗に遭い、侵攻が停滞していたところに台風による大被害を受けて元軍は敗退した。
English: During this time, in the name of a rapid response to the emergency, Tokimune made policies at his own discretion with only clansmen and close aides (Miuchibito (private vassals of the tokuso)), bypassing the parliamentary system which took a lot of time.
Japanese: この間、時宗は非常事態への迅速な対処を名目として、時間のかかる合議ではなく、一門や側近（御内人という）らと専断で政策決定していった。
English: Meanwhile, the Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family), who was the top of the Miuchibito, gradually began to gain power, and during the Koan period Uchi-Kanrei TAIRA no Yoritsuna and a senior vassal Yasumori ADACHI became opposed to one another.
Japanese: こうした中で、御内人のトップである内管領が次第に権力を持ち始め、弘安期には内管領の平頼綱と有力御家人の安達泰盛が拮抗していた。
English: With the understanding of Tokimune, Yasumori attempted to implement a policy to guarantee the status of gokenin, as well as enrich the economical base of the bakufu.
Japanese: 泰盛は、時宗の理解も得て、幕府の経済基盤の充実を図るとともに、御家人の地位を保証する政策を実現しようとした。
English: However, when Tokimune died suddenly in 1284, TAIRA no Yoritsuna killed Yasumori in a sudden assault and exterminated the gokenin of the Yasumori faction in the following year of 1285 (the Shimotsuki Incident).
Japanese: しかし、時宗が1284年に急死すると、翌1285年、平頼綱は泰盛を突如襲撃・殺害し、泰盛派の御家人らを討伐した（霜月騒動）。
English: During this time, concerning imperial succession after the Emperor Gosaga, the Imperial Court had split into the Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) and Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu), and requested that the bakufu arrange the affairs of imperial succession.
Japanese: この頃、朝廷においては、後嵯峨天皇以後の皇位を巡って大覚寺統と持明院統の2系統に分立して幕府に皇位継承の調整を求めた。
English: The bakufu tried to mediate between both parties, suggesting that a principle of ryoto tetsuritsu (alternate accession from two ancestries of imperial families) be adopted; at the same time, the bakufu also urged the Imperial Court to undertake a political reform called "Tokusei " (virtuous rule) in order to deal with both the internal and external crises.
Japanese: 幕府は両統迭立原則を示して仲裁にあたるとともに内外の危機に対応するために幕府は朝廷に対しても「徳政」と呼ばれる政治改革を要求した。
English: In response to this, Retired Emperor Kameyama divided In no hyojo (consultation under the government by the retired Emperor) into tokusei-sata (dealing with problems related to religious matters and official appointments) and zasso sata (litigation investigation) and the Emperor Fushimi reformed the organization of Kirokusho (government agency of lawsuits) in June 1293 and aimed for the smooth implementation of government duties by the renewal of political system.
Japanese: これを受けて亀山上皇は1286年（弘安9）12月に院評定を徳政沙汰と雑訴沙汰に分割、続いて伏見天皇は1293年（正応6）6月に記録所組織の改革を行って、政治組織の刷新を行って円滑な政務遂行を図った。
English: However, during the processes of imperial succession and implementation of Tokusei, discord with the bakufu arose and became the underlying cause of a resurgence of the latent anti-bakufu sentiment within the Imperial Court.
Japanese: だが、皇位継承と徳政実施の過程において幕府との対立が表面化するようになり、朝廷内に再び反幕府の動きを潜在化させる遠因となった。
English: TAIRA no Yoritsuna supported the young Sadatoki HOJO, who succeeded Tokimune, and tried hard to strengthen the Tokuso autocracy.
Japanese: 平頼綱は、時宗を継いだ年少の北条貞時を補佐し、得宗専制の強化に尽力した。
English: Yasumori ADACHI established the magistrate's office of council system (Chinzeidangisho (magistrate's office of Kyushu region)) in Kyushu to judge Onsho (reward grants) and lawsuits for Kyushu gokenin who had worked for the defense of Japan against Mongol invasion attempts, but Yoritsuna, instead of this, founded a new institution (Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu)) which was managed only by the Tokuso party.
Japanese: 元寇防衛に働いた九州御家人の恩賞・訴訟を判定するため、安達泰盛は九州に合議制の奉行（鎮西談議所）を置いていたが、頼綱はそれに代えて、得宗派で固めた新機関（鎮西探題）を設置した。
English: The Yoritsuna administration came to strengthen the governance of shoen and public territories in Saigoku through this institution.
Japanese: 頼綱政権は、この機関を通じて西国の荘園・公領への支配を強めていった。
English: On the other hand, the provision of onsho to gokenin remained low due to the possibility of further Mongol invasion.
Japanese: その反面、さらなる元寇の可能性を根拠として、御家人らへの恩賞給与は僅かにとどまった。
English: Sadatoki HOJO, who reached adulthood in 1293, eliminated the family of TAIRA no Yoritsuna (Heizenmon Incident).
Japanese: 1293年、成人した北条貞時は、平頼綱一族を討滅した（平禅門の乱）。
English: Sadatoki regained real political power from Uchi-Kanrei and further strengthened the Tokuso autocracy.
Japanese: 貞時は、政治の実権を内管領から取り戻し、実質的な得宗専制を一層強化していった。
English: Firstly, for the rapid processing of lawsuits which stagnated under the Yoritsuna administration, the Hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) council system was abolished and all judgments were passed by Sadatok.
Japanese: まず、頼綱政権下で停滞していた訴訟の迅速な処理のため、合議制の引付衆を廃止し、判決を全て貞時が下すこととした。
English: At first, gokenin welcomed the advancement of lawsuits, but a backlash against autocratic judgment soon emerged.
Japanese: 当初、御家人らは訴訟の進行を歓迎したが、ほどなく独裁的な判決への反発が高まった。
English: When a large comet appeared in 1297, anxiety spread across society, and, according to the Tokusei concept of the time, Sadatoki issued the Einin no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order) by which properties had to be returned to the original owner without compensation.
Japanese: そして、1297年（永仁5）、大彗星が現れると世相に不安が拡がり、当時の徳政観念に従って、貞時は、財物を元の持ち主へ無償で帰属させる永仁の徳政令を発布した。
English: The Tokuseirei deeply influenced monetary economy prevalent at the time, bringing great unrest to the society.
Japanese: この徳政令は、当時、普及しつつあった貨幣経済に深刻な影響を与えるとともに、社会に大きな動揺をもたらした。
English: After this, when Sadatoki left the position of Shikken (regent), he was succeeded by four men from the branch line of the Hojo clan in succession; Sadatoki himself retained the position of Tokuso (patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan), however, which means that he held the real power to control the bakufu.
Japanese: その後、執権職は貞時に代わって北条氏支流の4人が次々に受け継いだが、貞時は得宗として幕府を実質的に支配し続けた。
English: On the other hand, common gokenin had to shoulder new burdens such as Ikokukeigobanyaku (military service imposed on gokenin in the Kyushu area by the bakufu in order to protect themselves against the invasion force of the Yuan dynasty) and Nagato keigoban (guards to protect Nagato Province against an invasion by a foreign country), which made it difficult for them to cope with the emerging monetary economy; moreover, their territories were broken up due to divided inheritance, so the social hierarchy rapidly diversified.
Japanese: その一方、一般の御家人層では、異国警固番役や長門警固番役などの新たな負担を抱えるとともに、貨幣経済の普及に十分対応しきれず、分割相続による所領の細分化などもあり、急速に階層分化が進んでいった。
English: Some gokenin, some increased the number of territories they held but a considerable number went into decline, with an increase in the number of musoku gokenin (a vassal without territory) who sold or pawned their territories and were unable to work for bakufu.
Japanese: 中には所領を増加させる御家人もいたが、没落傾向にある御家人も少なくなく、所領を売却したり、質入するなどして失い、幕府への勤仕ができない無足御家人も増加していった。
English: These gokenin or samurai as well as the samurai and commoners who bought or acquired their land became akuto (a villain during the middle ages), further advancing social change.
Japanese: こうした御家人や彼らから所領を買収・取得した武士・百姓らは悪党化し、社会変動を一層進展させた。
English: Enki NAGASAKI of TAIRA no Yoritsuna's family and Tokiaki ADACHI, a survivor of the Adachi family were appointed as assistants to the nine-year-old Takatoki.
Japanese: 9歳の高時の補佐役に、平頼綱の一族の長崎円喜（長崎円喜）と、安達一族の生き残りの安達時顕が就いた。
English: In those days, local outlaws known as Akuto emerged as a powerful force, and one after another of the temples and shrines began to appeal directly to the bakufu for help; however, the Tokuso administration, which was supported by Takatsuna NAGASAKI and Tokiaki ADACHI, responded to these appeals in a high-handed manner.
Japanese: 当時、悪党と呼ばれる新興勢力が現れ、寺社の強訴が相次いでいたが、長崎高綱・安達時顕が支える得宗政権は、これらの動きに高圧的な姿勢で対処した。
English: Takatoki, who had reached adulthood and become engaged in government affairs, inherited this attitude and attempted to suppress the movements in various areas with an iron fist.
Japanese: 成人して政務に就いた高時も、こうした態度を継承し、各地で見られた地域独自の動きを強権的に押さえ込もうとした。
English: However, such an despotic governance could not suppress the movements in various areas and the conflicts became increasingly larger.
Japanese: しかし、このような強権的な支配では各地域の動きは抑えられず、次第に矛盾が大きくなっていった。
English: Godaigo's attempt to achieve political reform was motivated by a desire to avoid problems regarding the imperial succession, but this created conflict with the Tokuso autocracy of the bakufu, and in 1324 Godaigo's plan to lead an uprising was revealed, and the kuge who served as his close advisers were punished (Shochu Disturbance).
Japanese: こうした後醍醐の姿勢は皇位継承問題をきっかけとして幕府の得宗専制と衝突することとなり、1324年（正中(元号)1）、後醍醐の蜂起計画が露呈し、側近の公家が処罰された（正中の変）。
English: Emperor Godaigo did not give up and planned to overthrow the bakufu, but his plot was exposed and he was exiled to Oki no shima Island in the following year.
Japanese: 諦めない後醍醐は、1331年（元弘1）、倒幕計画を立てたがこれも事前に発覚し、翌年隠岐島へ流された。
English: However, samurai known as akuto in various areas, including Masashige KUSUNOKI and Enshin AKAMATSU, were dissatisfied with the Tokusho autocracy and raise forces opposed to the bakufu throughout the country.
Japanese: しかし、これを契機に得宗専制に不満を持つ楠木正成、赤松円心など各地の悪党と呼ばれる武士が各地で反幕府の兵を挙げるようになる。
English: In 1333, when a senior vassal named Takauzi ASHIKAGA who had been dispatched to Kyoto to eliminate the anti-bakufu forces defected to the Godaigo faction and deposed the Rokuhara Tandai, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army in Kozuke Province and with Kanto gokenin, who agreed to this, captured Kamakura and thus overthrew the Kamakura bakufu and the Hojo clan (Genko War).
Japanese: 1333年（元弘3/正慶2）、反幕府勢力の討伐のために京都へ派遣された有力御家人の足利尊氏が、一転して後醍醐側へつき六波羅探題を落とすと、新田義貞が上野国で挙兵し、これに呼応した関東の御家人たちと鎌倉を攻略して、鎌倉幕府と北条氏は滅亡した（元弘の乱）。
English: These samurai became kenin (retainers) of the Kamakura-dono (= shogun) and became the members of Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: これらの武士は、「鎌倉殿」（＝将軍）の家人となることで、鎌倉幕府の構成員となった。
English: The master-servant relationship between the Kamakura-dono and gokenin was preserved by a reciprocal relationship called "favor and service," a system known as the lower-ranking vassal system.
Japanese: 鎌倉殿と御家人の主従関係は、御恩と奉公と呼ばれる互恵関係によって保持された、この制度を御家人制度と呼ぶ。
English: The Kamakura-dono guaranteed the governance of territories by gokenin and supplied them with new land.
Japanese: 鎌倉殿が御家人の所領支配を保障し、又は新たな土地給与を行うことを言う。
English: Favors consisted of both honryo-ando (acknowledgment of inherited estates) and shinon-kyuyo (the granting new domains).
Japanese: 「御恩」には所領支配を保障する本領安堵（ほんりょうあんど）と新たな土地給与である新恩給与（しんおんきゅうよ）の2種類があった。
English: Specifically, there was military service during emergencies such as "Iza, Kamakura" (mobilization to Kamakura at the time of emergency), Obanyaku (the job of guarding Kyoto) to protect for dairi (Imperial Palace) or bakufu, Ikokukeigobanyaku and Nagato keigoban during later Mongol invasions, and Kanto-mikuji which was an economic burden.
Japanese: 具体的には、「いざ鎌倉」などに代表される緊急時の軍役、内裏の警護である大番役、幕府の警護である大番役、後の元寇の頃には異国警固番役や長門警固番役という形で行われ、また関東御公事と言われる経済負担もあった。
English: The master-servant relationship contract was managed by myobu (a piece of wood with a name inscribed on it) offered by a gokenin who visited Kamakura-dono, and the bakufu supervised gokenin using the Gokenin Meibo (name list of retainers).
Japanese: 主従の契約は、御家人が鎌倉殿へ見参した際の名簿差出（みょうぶさしだし）によって行われ、幕府は御家人名簿により御家人を管理した。
English: Was originally in charge of communication and adjustment with Imperial Court, but after the Jokyu War, Rokuhara Tandai came to monitor Imperial Court and control Saigoku gokenin.
Japanese: 元は朝廷との連絡調整が任務だったが、承久の乱以後の六波羅探題は、朝廷の監視・西国御家人の統率が任務となった。
English: The "subjugation of Takeda" in Japanese history refers to a series of battles fought by Nobunaga ODA, who invaded the territories of Katsuyori TAKEDA (Suruga, Shinano and Kai Provinces) in order to destroy the Takeda clan, whose power was in decline after the Battle of Nagashino.
Japanese: 武田征伐（たけだせいばつ）は、織田信長が、長篠の戦い以降勢力が衰えた武田勝頼の領地である駿河・信濃・甲斐へ侵攻し、武田氏一族を攻め滅ぼした一連の合戦である。
English: In 1575, after the Battle of Nagashino, Yoshimasa KISO (who was married to Marihime, Shingen TAKEDA's daughter), a maternal relative of the Takeda clan, was ordered by Katsuyori TAKEDA to support Nobumoto AKIYAMA in defending Iwamura-jo Castle in Mino Province.
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）、長篠の戦いの後、武田氏の外戚である木曾義昌（武田信玄の娘・真理姫の夫）は武田勝頼より秋山信友が守る美濃国岩村城の支援を命じられた。
English: Since Nobutomo was defeated by Nobunaga ODA's army and executed, the Takeda clan lost a base that they had held since the time of Lord Shingen to conquer areas to the west of their territory, and was instead exposed to the threat of the Oda clan in Mino Province.
Japanese: 信友は織田信長の軍に破れ処刑され、武田氏は信玄以来の西上作戦を実行する拠点を失い、逆に美濃からの織田氏の脅威にさらされることになる。
English: Caught up in battles with the Ikko Buddhist sect (Battles of Ishiyama) in the Kinai (areas around Kyoto and Nara) and Hokuriku regions and battles with the Mori clan in western Japan, the Oda clan was unable to send its army to areas to the east of its territory for a while.
Japanese: 織田氏は畿内や北陸における一向宗との戦い（石山合戦）や西の毛利氏との戦いに忙殺されていたため、しばらく軍を東へ向けることはなかった。
English: However, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA of Mikawa Province, who was an ally of the Oda clan, intensified his offensive after the Battle of Nagashino, forcing Katsuyori to frequently send his troops to battle.
Japanese: しかし、織田氏の同盟者である三河国の徳川家康は長篠以降、武田氏に対し攻勢を強め、勝頼はたびたび出兵を余儀なくされた。
English: In order to cover expenses required for the frequent dispatch of troops, Katsuyori imposed extremely high taxes and used a large amount of forced labor.
Japanese: 相次いだ出兵にかかった費用を穴埋めすべく、尋常ならざる割合の年貢や賦役を課していた。
English: Yoshimasa was one of his followers who were disappointed in Katsuyori; Katsuyori also distrusted Yoshimasa, who took no action to defend Akiyama, and the relationship between Yoshimasa and Katsuyori deteriorated quickly.
Japanese: 義昌もその一人であるが、勝頼の側も秋山支援に動かなかったため義昌に不信感を抱いており、両者の関係は急速に冷却化しつつあった。
English: On February 1, 1582, Yoshimasa, who was displeased with Katsuyori's policy to effectuate another increase in forced labor for the construction of Shinpu-jo Castle, finally betrayed Katsuyori and defected to the Oda clan by sending his younger brother, Yoshitoyo UEMATSU, to Nobutada ODA (Nobunaga's eldest son) as a hostage.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）2月1日、新府城築城のため更に賦役が増大していたことに不満を募らせた義昌はついに勝頼を裏切り、織田信忠（信長の長男）に弟の上松義豊を人質として差し出し、織田氏に寝返った。
English: Upon being informed by Marihime of the betrayal of Yoshimasa, Katsuyori was infuriated and dispatched a troop of about 5,000 soldiers led by his cousin Nobutoyo TAKEDA (a member of the Takeda clan in Kai) to conquer Kiso Province; Katsuyori also crucified and executed Yoshimasa's mother, concubine and child.
Japanese: 勝頼は、真理姫から義昌の謀反を知らされると、これに激怒し従兄弟の武田信豊_(甲斐武田氏)（信玄の弟・武田信繁の子）を先手とする木曾征伐の軍勢5000余を先発として差し向け、さらに義昌の生母と側室と子供を磔にして処刑。
English: When learning about the rebellion of Yoshimasa on February 3, 1582, Nobunaga decided to subjugate Katsuyori TAKEDA and issued mobilization orders.
Japanese: 信長は2月3日に義昌の反乱を知ると武田勝頼討伐を決定、動員令を発した。
English: The army of Nagachika KANAMORI, Nobunaga's vassal, advanced from Hida, while the army of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Nobunaga's ally, advanced from Suruga.
Japanese: 信長の家臣金森長近が飛騨方面から、同盟者の徳川家康が駿河方面からしんぐんした。
English: Ujimasa HOJO (Katsuyori's brother-in-law), who had been fighting with the Takeda clan since the Otate Rebellion, also decided to send troops into Kai and Shinano Provinces from Sagami, Izu and Kozuke Provinces.
Japanese: また、御館の乱を契機に武田とは交戦状態となっていた北条氏政（妹は勝頼夫人）も相模・伊豆・上野国から甲斐･信濃へ進軍することに決定した。
English: From 1572 onward, an army corps led by Nobutada ODA, Tsuneoki IKEDA, Nagayoshi MORI (Naritoshi MORI's elder brother) and Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, which was known as Nobutada's corps (Tsuneoki IKEDA later withdrew from the corps and moved to Settsu Province), was fighting against the Takeda clan in order to prevent the expansion of Takeda's territory into the eastern Mino Province.
Japanese: 天正元年（1572年）以降、織田信忠を筆頭に池田恒興、森長可（森成利の兄）、河尻秀隆らを主力とする、いわゆる「信忠軍団」が編成されており（池田は後に軍団を離脱→摂津へ）、主に、東美濃に勢力を張っていた武田の影響を排除する戦いをしていた。
English: Mitsuhide AKECHI, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, Junkei TSUTSUI, Nagahide NIWA, Hidemasa HORI, Hidekazu HASEGAWA, Ujisato GAMO, Ukon TAKAYAMA, Kiyohide NAKAGAWA, etc.
Japanese: 明智光秀、細川忠興、筒井順慶、丹羽長秀、堀秀政、長谷川秀一、蒲生氏郷、高山右近、中川清秀他
English: The invasion caused panic among Takeda's troops stationed along the Ina-kaido Road, and on the day when the Oda army's vanguard invaded Shinano Province, Kyube SHIMOJO, Chief Retainer of Nobuuji SHIMOJO, who was the lord of Takizawa (areas around the present-day Achi-mura and Hiraya-mura in Shimoina-gun, Nagano Prefecture), a territory that formed a barrier preventing entry into Iwamura, expelled Nobuuji and defected to the Oda army.
Japanese: 伊那街道沿いの武田勢力は恐れをなし、織田の先鋒隊が信濃に入った同日、岩村への関門・滝沢（長野県下伊那郡阿智村・平谷村周辺）の領主であった下条信氏の家老・下条九兵衛が信氏を追放して織田軍に寝返った。
English: On February 12, 1582, Nobutada (who led the main unit of the Oda army) and Kazumasu departed, respectively, from Gifu-jo Castle and from Nagashima-jo Castle in Ise Province, moving their troops to Iwamura-jo Castle in Mino two days later, on February 14.
Japanese: 2月12日、本隊の信忠と一益がそれぞれ岐阜城と伊勢国長島城を出陣し、翌々日の2月14日には美濃岩村城に兵を進めた。
English: On February 16, the Takeda army was defeated in the battle of Torii-toge Pass (in Nagano Prefecture) by Yoshimasa's army, which was supported by a group of Oda retainers who were ordered to defend Yoshimasa by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 2月16日、武田勢は鳥居峠(長野県)で信長の命を受けた織田一門衆らの支援を受けた義昌勢に敗北を喫した。
English: On the same day, Masanao HOSHINA, lord of Iida-jo Castle, abandoned the castle, and escaped to Takato-jo Castle (he surrendered thereafter, and became a lord of Takato-jo Castle).
Japanese: 同日、飯田城城主保科正直は城を捨てて高遠城へと逃亡した。（後に投降して戦後に高遠城主となった）。
English: On February 20, 1582, after placing Tanaka-jo Castle, defended by Nobushige YODA, under siege, Ieyasu sent an emissary to the inside of the castle, and recommended the surrender of castle.
Japanese: 2月20日には依田信蕃が守備する田中城を包囲すると、城内に使者を送り開城を促した。
English: Nobushige YODA who withdrew to his home, Misawakoya, surrendered Tanaka-jo Castle, and on February 21, 1582, he moved to Sunpu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 依田信蕃は故郷の三沢小屋に退去し田中城は開城、2月21日には駿府城に進出した。
English: After dispatching the spearhead to Kobotoke-toge Pass and Misaka-toge Pass which were located at the border between Sagami Province and Kai Province, Ujimasa invaded the eastern part of Suruga near the end of February.
Japanese: 氏政は小仏峠や御坂峠など相甲国境に先鋒を派遣した後、2月下旬に駿河東部に攻め入る。
English: On February 28, 1582, Ujimasa captured Tokura-jo Castle and Sanmaibashi-jo Castle which were part of the few remaining footholds of Takeda in Suruga, and subsequently in March, he took control of castles on the Takeda side in Numazu City and Fuji City.
Japanese: 2月28日には駿河に残された武田側の数少ない拠点の一つである戸倉城・三枚橋城を落とし、続いて3月に入ると沼津市や富士市にあった武田側の諸城を陥落させていった。
English: In the Kozuke district, Ujikuni HOJO put pressure on Takahiro HOJO in Maebashi-jo Castle, and further threatened the territory of Masayuki SANADA.
Japanese: 上野方面では北条氏邦が前橋城の北条高広に圧力をかけ、さらに真田昌幸の領地をも脅かしていった。
English: On February 28, 1582 Hidetaka KAWAJIRI was ordered by Nobunaga to build a castle as an armed camp in order to attack Takato-jo Castle.
Japanese: 2月28日、河尻秀隆は信長から高遠城を攻略のために陣城を築けとの命を受ける。
English: On March 1, 1582, Nobutada ODA placed Takato-jo Castle kept by Morinobu NISHINA, brother of Katsuyori TAKEDA, under siege.
Japanese: 翌3月1日、織田信忠は武田勝頼の弟・仁科盛信の籠城する高遠城を包囲。
English: On March 2, 1582, the Oda army of about 30,000 soldiers launched an all-out attack, and Morinobu NISHINA and Masayuki OYAMADA bravely fought against the Oda army, fighting fierce battles despite their small numbers.
Japanese: 翌3月2日、織田軍30000余は総攻撃を開始し、仁科盛信や小山田昌行らは少数ながらも勇戦奮闘し、織田軍と激闘を繰り広げた。
English: The Oda army also suffered considerable damage, and Nobuie ODA of the Iwakura family was killed in the battle.
Japanese: 織田方も少なからずの被害を受け、岩倉家出身の織田信家が戦死しているほどである。
English: However, the Oda army with more warriors ran through the castle gate, and as a result, Morinobu NISHINA and Masayuki OYAMADA committed suicide.
Japanese: しかし数で勝る織田軍に城門を突破されるに及び、ついに仁科盛信と小山田昌行は自刃。
English: Alone among Takeda soldiers who desperately sought to flee from the battlefield, Morinobu NISHINA put up stubborn resistance till the end to show the true power of a Takeda samurai.
Japanese: 武田勢がことごとく逃亡する中で、徹底抗戦を貫き、武田武士の力を見せつけたのはこの仁科盛信だけであった。
English: Morinobu's headless body was buried by local residents who revered him, and his burial mound is called Mt. Goro even today.
Japanese: 盛信の首のない遺体は彼を崇める地元の領民によって埋葬され、そこは今も「五郎山」と呼ばれている。
English: On February 28, 1582, Katsuyori TAKEDA defeated by Yoshimasa KISO abandoned resistance at Suwa, and escaped to Shinpu-jo Castle (Nirasaki City).
Japanese: 2月28日、木曾義昌に敗北した武田勝頼は諏訪での反抗を放棄し、新府城（韮崎市）に逃亡した。
English: To pursue Katsuyori, Nobutada ODA moved his army to Suwa on the day after the fall of Takato-jo Castle and burned down Suwa-taisha Shrine, which was under the protection of the Takeda clan.
Japanese: 勝頼を追う織田信忠は高遠城陥落の翌日、本陣を諏訪に進め、武田氏の庇護下にあった諏訪大社を焼き払った。
English: He then received the head of Morinobu NISHINA, Lord of Takato-jo Castle, from his legitimate son, Nobutada ODA, and exposed the head to public view along the Nagara-gawa River.
Japanese: ここで嫡男・織田信忠から高遠城主仁科盛信の首が届き、これを長良川の河原に晒した。
English: On March 3, 1582, Katsuyori TAKEDA held a war council at Shinpu-jo Castle to decide whether to escape to Iwabitsu-jo Castle (Higashiagatsuma-cho, Agatsuma-gun, Gunma Prefecture) held by Masayuki SANADA, or to escape to Iwadonoyama-jo Castle (Otsuki City) held by Nobushige OYAMADA.
Japanese: 3月3日、武田勝頼は新府城で真田昌幸の岩櫃城（群馬県吾妻郡東吾妻町）に逃亡するか、小山田信茂の岩殿山城（大月市）に逃亡するか軍議を開いた。
English: Although Masayuki recommended going to Iwabitsu-jo Castle, which was an impregnable fortress, Nobushige insisted on going to Iwadonoyama-jo Castle on the grounds that Iwabitsu-jo Castle was too far and that the snow was too deep.
Japanese: 昌幸は岩櫃城が要害であることを説明して岩櫃城行きを勧めたが、信茂が、岩櫃城までは遠路に加えて雪が深いことを理由に岩殿城行きを力説した。
English: Nobutada, who invaded Kofu on March 7, 1582, and established an armed camp at a private house of Kurodo ICHIJO, found the clansmen, relatives, and senior vassals of Katsuyori, and executed them.
Japanese: 1582年3月7日に信忠は甲府に入り、一条蔵人の私宅に陣を構えて勝頼の一門・親類や重臣を探し出して、これを全て処刑した。
English: On March 9, 1582, the troop led by Katsuyori and his legitimate son, Nobukatsu TAKEDA, was attacked by Nobushige OYAMADA at Sasago-toge Pass (Present-day Otsuki City, Yamanashi Prefecture) just before reaching Iwadono-jo Castle, and was prevented from entering the castle.
Japanese: 3月9日に勝頼とその嫡男の武田信勝一行は岩殿城を目前にした笹子峠（山梨県大月市）で小山田信茂に攻撃され、岩殿城入城を拒まれる。
English: There are different explanations for this attack, one of which is that Nobushige OYAMADA was not a vassal of the Takeda family but its ally and that as the lord of an independent territory, he was obliged to protect his territory and its residents from war damage.
Japanese: これには諸説あり、小山田信茂は武田家と主従関係でなく盟友関係にあり、郡内領を有する一大名という考え方から、戦禍を恐れる領民の反対などを受け、領地を守るためにとった行動であるという説がある。
English: Some people believe that it was not Nobushige OYAMADA's army but the Oda army that attacked Katsuyori at Sasago-toge Pass.
Japanese: また、実は小山田信茂が笹子峠から勝頼を攻撃したという事実はないという説もある（笹子峠から攻撃したのは織田軍であるとも）。
English: In any case, Katsuyori and Nobukatsu gave up moving to Iwadono, and Katsuyori (TAKEDA) and his retainers escaped to Tenmokuzan Mountain (Yamato-cho, Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture) where ancestors of the Takeda clan committed suicide.
Japanese: いずれにせよ、勝頼と信勝は岩殿行きを断念、勝頼主従らは武田氏の先祖が自害した天目山（山梨県甲州市大和町）を目指して逃亡した。
English: Katsuyori hid family treasures (a suit of armor called "tatenashi yoroi" and a flag) in a temple in Enzan (in Koshu City) to protect them from damage.
Japanese: 逃亡の際、家宝の旗・楯無鎧を塩山（甲州市）の寺社に隠し、難を逃れさせた。
English: On March 11, 1582, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Baisetsu ANAYAMA met with Nobutada ODA, and discussed the future.
Japanese: 3月11日、徳川家康と穴山梅雪は織田信忠に面会し、今後についての相談を行った。