nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: On the other hand, the funeral service of Shigenobu OKUMA, which was held around the same time, was attended by famous people from a variety of fields, and the venue was crowded with the general attendants although his was not a state funeral (it was a 'national funeral' instead), even though Okuma was also a former Prime Minister and a genkun of the Imperial Restoration just as Yamagata had been.
Japanese: これに対し、ほぼ同時期に行われた大隈重信の葬儀は、同じ首相経験者であり維新の元勲であったのにもかかわらず国葬にならなかったものの（「国民葬」とされた）、各界の著名人が出席し、一般参列者によってごった返すなどあまりに対照的だった。
English: Tanzan ISHIBASHI, who was a newspaper journalist back then (but later became the Prime Minister) commented on Yamagata's passing saying, 'Death can also be public service.'
Japanese: 当時、新聞記者だった石橋湛山（後の首相）は山縣の死を「死もまた、社会奉仕」と評した。
English: It seems that he was also unpopular with the Imperial Family, and Emperor Meiji gave him the nickname 'Grasshopper.'
Japanese: 皇室でも不人気だったらしく、明治天皇は山縣に「キリギリス」というあだ名をつけていた。
English: Emperor Meiji trusted Hiroumi ITO, who was bright, cheerful and calm; Taro KATSURA, who led the Russo-Japanese War; and Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was his childhood friend more than Yamagata, who was disingenuous.
Japanese: 明治天皇は、陰険な山縣よりも、明朗快活で冷静であった伊藤博文や日露戦争を指導した桂太郎、幼馴染であった西園寺公望を信頼していた。
English: Also, Emperor Taisho often asked his aides if 'there was anything that could be given to Yamagata' when he heard that Yamagata had come to the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: また、大正天皇は、山縣が宮中に参内したとの知らせを聞くと、側近達に「何か、山縣にくれてやるものはないか？」と、尋ねることがしばしばであったという。
English: Needless to say, Emperor Taisho tried to make him leave quickly by giving him a souvenir for the visit.
Japanese: 言うまでもなく、何か参内の記念になるものをやって、さっさと帰らせようとしたのである。
English: Kei HARA scornfully explained why Yamagata was unusually obsessed with power and decoration, saying that 'it was because he was a foot solider (in fact he was from a chugen family, which was ranked lower than a foot solider).'
Japanese: また山縣がもつ異常なほどの権力への執心、勲章好きについて原敬は「あれは足軽（実際は足軽以下の中間を出自とする）だからだ」という一言で述べ、軽蔑の意を込めていた。
English: It should be noted that although Kei HARA was known as a commoner Prime Minister, he was in a family line of the chief vassal of the domain of Morioka and thus disliked the new nobility represented by Yamagata; this led him to continually decline the peerage.
Japanese: ちなみに原敬は平民宰相として知られるが、盛岡藩の家老の系譜であり、山縣に代表される新華族への嫌悪感もあって、爵位の授与を回避し続けた人物である。
English: However, Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was from a noble family, did not express his feelings like Kei HARA did, but it is believed that he shared Hara's feelings toward Yamagata.
Japanese: 名門公卿出身の西園寺公望は原敬のようにはっきりとは表現しなかったが、やはり山縣に対しては原同様の感想を抱いていたとされている。
English: Roads in the current central Tokyo areas are said to be narrow, but they were unusually wide by the Meiji standard.
Japanese: 現在東京市中心部の道路は狭いといわれているが、明治期の基準ではむしろ異常なほど広い道路だった。
English: Yamagata was determined to construct these wide roads over strong opposition for future development of the area.
Japanese: この広い道路は将来の発展を考え、山縣が周辺の反対を押し切って作ったものである。
English: He was known to like Japanese gardens, since he had selected Jihei OGAWA VII and instructed him to create Burin-an in Kyoto and Chinzan-so, Tokyo.
Japanese: また日本庭園好きとしても知られ、京都の無鄰庵、東京の椿山荘は、山縣が7代目小川治兵衛を抜擢して築かせたものである。
English: Nevertheless, it is said that many people frowned on these creations because they thought they were the taste of the new rich.
Japanese: ただ、これらも謂わば成金趣味として眉をひそめる人が多かったと伝えられる。
English: Yamagata selectively let military personnel from the former Choshu domain take important positions; this behavior was called Chobatsu (the Chochu clique), and a considerable part of the population did not like what he did.
Japanese: 山縣の元長州藩出身の軍人ばかりを要職に就かせる手法は長閥と呼ばれ、嫌う者も非常に多かった。
English: He also was involved in the first major corruption scandal in modern Japan (the Yamashiroya Incident), and as a result of it he had resigned.
Japanese: また近代日本初の大掛かりな汚職疑惑に絡み、一旦は辞職もしている（山城屋事件）。
English: OK
Japanese: とはいえ、明治の元勲だけあって、軍部への影響力は計りしれないものがあった。
English: In the 'issue regarding the addition of two army divisions' that occurred in 1912, Yamagata issued a written opinion requesting that Yusaku UEHARA, who was the Minister of War in the second Saionji Cabinet, submit a letter of resignation.
Japanese: 大正元年（1912年）に起きた「陸軍二個師団増設問題」において、第2次西園寺内閣の陸軍大臣であった上原勇作に辞表を提出するように意見書を出している。
English: This problem became controversial within the army, but in the end his letter of resignation was submitted.
Japanese: 陸軍内部でもこの問題への賛否が分かれていたが、最終的に辞表は提出された。
English: As Yamagata had planned it, no new Minister of War was nominated, the cabinet resigned and the third Katsura Cabinet was established.
Japanese: そして、山縣の思惑通り、新たな陸軍大臣が推薦されることはなく、内閣は総辞職して、第3次桂内閣が発足するに至った。
English: After Terauchi died, however, the Chobatsu force drastically decreased, and it finally came to an end when Yamagata died.
Japanese: しかし、寺内の死後、その勢力は急速に衰退し、山縣の死をもって長閥勢力の終わりは決定的となった。
English: However, Emperor Showa respected Yamagata as a military man.
Japanese: しかし、昭和天皇は軍人として山縣のことを高く評価していたようである。
English: It is believed that the family name came from the fact that their ancestors lived in the Imada Village of the Yamagata district, the Province of AKI, (Hiroshima Prefecture).
Japanese: 家名はその祖が安芸国山県郡_(広島県)今田村に住んだ事からとされる。
English: Aritomo was heirless and adopted Isaburo YAMAGATA, the second son between his elder sister Toshiko and Kanesuke KATSU.
Japanese: 有朋には跡継ぎが無く、姉の壽子と勝津兼亮の次男山縣伊三郎を養子縁組として迎える。
English: Also, Arimichi adopted the third son Arimitsu YAMAGATA born between Matsuko, Aritomo's daughter, and Mitsunojo FUNAKOSHI, and was baronized as a branch of the House of Yamagata.
Japanese: また、有朋の娘・松子と船越光之丞の三男山縣有光を養子に迎え、山縣家分家として男爵を授爵された。
English: Katsumoto HOSOKAWA was a shugo (military governor) daimyo in the Muromachi period, a kanrei (shogunal deputy or a chief official) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and the head of the Hosokawa clan (as one of the so-called three shogunal deputies) in the main Hosokawa clan line.
Japanese: 細川勝元（ほそかわかつもと）は、室町時代の守護大名、室町幕府の管領、三管領のひとつである細川氏嫡流・細川氏の当主。
English: His children were Masamoto HOSOKAWA and Tosho-in (Masanori AKAMATSU's concubine), and he also had an adopted child Toyohisa YAMANA and another child considered as his own, who was called Katsuyuki HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 子は細川政元、洞松院（赤松政則室）、養子に山名豊久、猶子に細川勝之がいる。
English: Upon the death of his father Mochiyuki in August, 1442, Katsumoto took over as the head of the family at the age of 13.
Japanese: 嘉吉2年（1442年）8月、父の持之が死去したため、13歳で家督を継承した。
English: At the same time, in accordance with the custom of being granted the right to use a portion of the superior's real name, he borrowed one of the characters from Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA, who was the seventh shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, and thus called himself Katsumoto; and supported by the guardianship of his uncle, Mochikata HOSOKAWA, he became the shugo-shiki (the rank of military governor) of the provinces of Settsu, Tanba, Sanuki and Tosa.
Japanese: このとき第7代将軍・足利義勝から諱偏諱授与の風習を受けて勝元と名乗り、叔父の細川持賢に後見されて摂津国、丹波国、讃岐国、土佐国の守護職となった。
English: In 1445, at 16 years of age, he became a kanrei (a shogunal deputy) and took over from Mochikuni (Tokumoto) HATAKEYAMA; from that point onward, he continued to influence the shogunate administration by serving as a kanrei at three different times for a total of 23 years.
Japanese: 文安2年（1445年）、畠山持国（徳本）に代わって16歳で管領職に就任すると、以後3度に渡って通算23年間も管領職を歴任し、幕政に影響力を及ぼし続けた。
English: Katsumoto served as a kanrei (a shogunal deputy) from 1445 to 1449, from 1452 to 1464 and from February 1468 to May 1473, when he died.
Japanese: 勝元が管領に就任していたのは、文安2年（1445年）から宝徳元年（1449年）、享徳元年（1452年）から寛正5年（1464年）、応仁2年（1468年）2月から死去する文明(日本)5年（1473年）5月までである。
English: Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Sozen YAMANA were believed to be on bad terms with each other because they had a hostile relationship during the Onin War, but in the beginning their relationship was different.
Japanese: 応仁の乱で敵対関係に至ったため、細川勝元と山名宗全は不仲であったとされているが、はじめはそうではなかった。
English: Initially, the entire Hosokawa family was in charge of nine provinces and the Yamana clan was in charge of eight (including the former Akamatsu territories), since the Yamana clan was recognized for the achievement of defeating the Akamatsu clan in the Kakitsu Incident.
Japanese: 当時、細川家は一族全てで9ヶ国の守護であったのに対し、山名氏は赤松氏を嘉吉の乱で滅ぼした功績から旧赤松領を併せて8ヶ国の守護になっていた。
English: For this reason, thinking it was unwise to fight against Mochitoyo, Katsumoto decided to align with him by accepting Mochitoyo’s adopted daughter as an official wife.
Japanese: このため、勝元は持豊と争うことは得策ではないと考え、持豊の養女を正室に迎えることで協調することにしていたのである。
English: Therefore, when the Hatakeyama clan had an internal fight over the leadership of the family, Katsumoto and Mochitoyo YAMANA, who had become his father-in-law, supported Yasaburo HATAKEYAMA (Mochikuni’s adopted son) in driving out Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA (Mochikuni’s real son, who had been recommended by Mochikuni) in order to bring Mochikuni down, since he was Katsumoto’s political enemy.
Japanese: そのため、畠山氏で家督をめぐる内紛が起こったときには、政敵である持国を失脚させるため、舅にあたる山名持豊ともに畠山弥三郎（持国養子）を支援して持国の推す畠山義就（持国実子）を追放に追い込んだ。
English: However, when Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, and Katsumoto tried to support the Akamatsu clan, which had fallen in the Kakitsu Incident, Mochitoyo, who was in charge of the former Akamatsu clan territories, strongly opposed rebuilding the Akamatsu clan.
Japanese: しかし第8代将軍・足利義政や勝元が嘉吉の乱で没落した赤松氏の足利義政を支援しようとすると、赤松氏の旧領を守護国に持つ持豊は赤松氏の再興に強硬に反対した。
English: This event nearly allowed Mochitoyo to be hunted down and killed by Yoshimasa, but because of Katsumoto's defense, Mochitoyo escaped the situation (and around this time Mochitoyo became a priest and thereafter called himself Sozen).
Japanese: このため、持豊は義政から追討を受けそうになるが、このときは勝元が弁護したため、持豊は追討を免れた（この前後に持豊は出家し、以下宗全と名乗った）。
English: The forces of the Yamana clan, however, grew much more rapidly than Katsumoto had expected, and Katsumoto considered the expansion of Sozen’s power dangerous; therefore, when rivalry for the head of the family (the Buei disturbance) occurred in the Shiba clan, Katsumoto supported Yoshitoshi SHIBA, who fought against Yoshikane SHIBA, while Sozen supported Yoshikane SHIBA as they were related by marriage.
Japanese: しかし山名氏の勢力が勝元の想像以上に急速に拡大したため、勝元は宗全の勢力拡大を危険視するようになり、斯波氏の家督争い（武衛騒動）でも姻戚関係から斯波義廉を支持する宗全に対し、勝元は義廉と対立する斯波義敏を支持した。
English: Also, as for the issue regarding the rebuilding of the Akamatsu clan that Sozen had opposed, Katsumoto actively supported the rebuilding of the family, put Masanori AKAMATSU (the grandson of Yoshimasa AKAMATSU and a brother of Mitsusuke AKAMATSU) in charge of half of Kaga Province, and finally realized the rebuilding of the family.
Japanese: また、宗全がかねてから反対していた赤松氏の再興問題に関しても、勝元は積極的にこれを支援し、ついには赤松政則（赤松満祐の弟赤松義雅の孫）を加賀国半国の守護と成し、赤松家を再興させたのである。
English: Furthermore, Katsumoto fought against Norihiro OUCHI and Michiharu KONO due to tally trade issues, but Sozen supported them, and this led to a conflict between the HOSOKAWA and YAMANA clans.
Japanese: さらに勝元は勘合貿易の問題から大内教弘、河野通春らと敵対していたが、宗全はこれを支援するなどしたことから、細川と山名の対立構造が生じ始めた。
English: Additionally, Katsumoto, who originally had no heir, adopted Toyohisa YAMANA, who was the son of Sozen, but he disinherited Toyohisa and compelled him to enter the Buddhist priesthood after the birth of his own son Masamoto HOSOKAWA in 1466, clearly indicating their diminished relationship.
Japanese: また、はじめ継嗣がいなかった勝元は、宗全の子・山名豊久を養子にしていたが、文正元年（1466年）に実子細川政元の誕生後、豊久を廃嫡して仏門に入れるなど、関係の悪化は明白となった。
English: In 1466, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's biological son Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA was born, and a race for succession to the primary leadership started in the shogun family of Ashikaga.
Japanese: 文正元年（1466年）、足利義政に実子の足利義尚が誕生して足利将軍家でも将軍後継者をめぐって争いが始まる。
English: At this time, Sadachika ISE, who was a close retainer of Yoshimasa, recommended the disinheritance of Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, who had once been nominated as a successor by Yoshimasa, as well as Yoshihisa's succession as the shogun.
Japanese: このとき、義政の側近・伊勢貞親は義政が当初後継者に指名していた足利義視の廃嫡と、義尚の将軍後継を義政に提言した。
English: Furthermore, because Sozen was embittered by Sadachika's increased power within the government, he agreed with Katsumoto only on this occasion and together requested that Yoshimasa cast out Sadachika; this was achieved through a concerted effort (the Bunsho political change).
Japanese: さらに宗全も貞親が幕府内において権勢を強めていたことを苦々しく思っていたことから、このときは勝元に賛同し共に義政に対して貞親追放を訴え、これを強硬に実現させた（文正の政変）。
English: In December, when the powerful figure disappeared from the shogun family, Sozen YAMANA ordered Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA, who had once been an outcast, to enter Kyoto; moreover, he ordered that he be granted a pardon through Yoshimasa.
Japanese: これにより将軍家内部で実力者がいなくなると、山名宗全は12月、追放されていた畠山義就を上洛させ、義政に仲介して赦免の許しを出させた。
English: Additionally, in January 1467 Sozen demanded that Yoshimasa deprive Masanaga HATAKEYAMA (Mochikuni’s adopted son and a brother of Yasaburo), who was supported by Katsumoto, of his kanrei position and suspended him from serving, and instead made Yoshimasa appoint Yoshikane SHIBA, who was supported by Sozen, to the position of kanrei (a shogunal deputy).
Japanese: さらに宗全は応仁元年（1467年）1月、義政に強請して勝元が支援する畠山政長（持国養子で弥三郎の弟）の管領職を取り上げて出仕停止処分に処し、代わりに宗全が支援する斯波義廉を管領に任命させたのである。
English: The first conflict started when Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA and Masanaga HATAKEYAMA finally clashed with each other at Kamigoryo-sha Shrine (the Battle of Goryo).
Japanese: 最初の衝突は、畠山義就と畠山政長が争い、上御霊社で衝突したことから始まった（御霊合戦）。
English: When this occurred, Sozen supported Yoshinari by securing the support of retired Emperor Gohanazono and Emperor Gotsuchimikado, but Katsumoto watched the event calmly since he was prohibited by Yoshimasa from letting himself be involved in the Hatayama family dispute.
Japanese: これに対して宗全は後花園上皇・後土御門天皇を確保して義就を支援したのに対し、勝元は義政の命令で畠山家の争いに関与することを禁じられていたため、御霊合戦では静観していた。
English: On May 25, however, against Sozen (who had the Emperor's support), Katsumoto occupied the government and recruited a shogun, and on May 26 he provoked a battle against the Yamana side (the Onin War).
Japanese: しかし5月25日、天皇を擁した宗全に対して、勝元は幕府を占領して将軍を擁立し、5月26日には山名方に戦いを挑んだ（応仁の乱）。
English: Although Katsumoto was instructed by the shogun Yoshimasa to hunt down and kill Sozen, they were evenly matched.
Japanese: 勝元は将軍・義政から宗全追討令を受領したものの、戦況は互角であった。
English: The war situation was temporarily advantageous to the eastern force because they were able to secure both the retired Emperor and the Emperor that Sozen once had, but they were unable to make a decisive attack.
Japanese: そして一時は宗全に奪われていた上皇・天皇を確保するなど、次第に戦況は東軍有利に進むが、決定打は出せずにいた。
English: After Yoshimasa let Sadachika ISE return to his former position in the intercalary month of October 1468, the war situation changed as Katsumoto lent his support to Yoshihisa and Sozen started to support Yoshimi.
Japanese: 応仁2年（1468年）閏10月、義政が伊勢貞親を復職させると、勝元は義尚を、宗全が義視を支持する立場に変わるなど、戦況も変わってゆく。
English: Under these circumstances, in 1472, Katsumoto tried to negotiate peace with Sozen, but the negotiation effort collapsed.
Japanese: このような中で文明4年（1472年）、宗全に和平交渉を試みるが、決裂する。
English: Katsumoto dominated the situation upon the death of his longtime foe Sozen in March 1473, but soon after, on May 11, 1473, he also died.
Japanese: 文明5年（1473年）3月に宿敵である宗全が死去して優位に立ったのも束の間、自身も後を追うように5月11日に死去した。
English: He studied the art of medicine and later wrote a medical book titled ‘Reiran-shu’; additionally, he was a man of culture who was highly talented in drawing and waka reading.
Japanese: 自ら医術を研究して医書である「霊蘭集」を著しただけではなく、和歌・絵画にも優れた才能を持つ文化人であった。
English: Although he had high political skills, he was undoubtedly one of the people who started the Onin War, triggered the rise of local samurais and ultimately started the he Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) as a result.
Japanese: 政治的才能には長けていたが、それでも応仁の乱を勃発させて国人層の台頭を招くなど、結果として戦国時代の幕を開くことになった張本人の一人であることは間違いない人物である。
English: Although there is a theory that his mother was Katsumoto's lawful wife, who was a daughter of Hirotaka YAMANA (her foster father was Sozen YAMANA), there is no documentary evidence to support this theory.
Japanese: 勝元の正室・山名熙貴の娘（養父は山名宗全）を母とする説もあるが、根拠となる史料は無い。
English: As Kanrei, he dominated the shogunate government and led the Keicho branch of the family to its heyday, but his adoption of the three children triggered fights over the headship of the family, and after getting involved in the struggle, he was assassinated by a retainer (known as the Eisho Disturbance).
Japanese: 管領として幕政を牛耳り京兆家の全盛期を築くが、3人の養子を迎えたことで家督争いを引き起こし、自らもその争いに巻き込まれて家臣に暗殺された（永正の錯乱）。
English: In 1473, at the age of only 8, he inherited the headship of the family from Katsumoto, who had died of an illness during the Onin War.
Japanese: 文明(日本)5年（1473年）、応仁の乱の最中に病死した勝元の後継として、わずか8歳で家督を相続。
English: In 1478, upon coming of age, he was granted permission to use a part of the name of the retired Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, and started to call himself Masamoto.
Japanese: 文明18年（1478年）に元服し、足利義政の偏諱を受けて政元と名乗る。
English: In 1489, the shogun, Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, was killed in battle during the subjugation of the Rokkaku Clan in the Province of Omi.
Japanese: 延徳元年（1489年）、将軍・足利義尚は六角討伐の最中、近江国で陣没する。
English: Masamoto recommended Kogen-In Seiko (Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA), a son of the Horikoshi Kubo, Masatomo ASHIKAGA, as the next shogun but, as a result of support by Tomiko HINO, Yoshiki ASHIKAGA (later called Yoshitane), a son of Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, became the 10th shogun.
Japanese: 政元は次期将軍として堀越公方・足利政知の子・香厳院清晃（足利義澄）を推挙するが、日野富子の後押しの結果、足利義視の子・足利義稙（のち義稙）が10代将軍に就任する。
English: Yoshimi and Masanaga HATAKEYAMA's influence increased after Yoshiki became shogun, with Masanaga becoming the dominant power after Yoshimi's death in January, 1491.
Japanese: 義材の将軍就任は、義視と畠山政長の権勢が高まることとなり、延徳3年（1491年）1月に義視が死去した後は、政長が権力を独占するようになる。
English: In 1493, the shogun, Yoshiki, and Masanaga left for the Province of Kawachi to subjugate Yoshitoyo HATAKEYAMA.
Japanese: 明応2年（1493年）、将軍・義材は政長と共に畠山義豊討伐のため河内国へ出兵する。
English: In April, Masamoto, who was staying in Kyoto, started a coup d'etat and backed Kogen-In Seiko as the 11th shogun (the Meio Coup).
Japanese: 4月、京都に滞在していた政元はクーデターを決行、香厳院清晃を第11代将軍として擁立する（明応の政変）。
English: Masanori AKAMATSU, who was originally on Masanaga's side, switched to Masamoto's side after the coup, and as a result, the isolated Masanaga killed himself and Yoshiki was caught and confined in Ryoan-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: この政変により、当初は政長方であった赤松政則も政元に寝返ったため、孤立無援となった政長は自害、捕らえられた義材は京都竜安寺に幽閉された。
English: In 1494, having installed Kogen-In Seiko as shogun and having himself appointed as Kanrei, Masamoto dominated the shogunate government, with the shogun just a puppet.
Japanese: 明応3年（1494年）、香厳院清晃を将軍職に就けて管領に任じられた結果、政元は将軍を事実上の傀儡にして幕政を牛耳るに至った。
English: Yoshitane (Yoshiki), who had escaped to Ecchu Province after the coup, led Hokuriku soldiers in an invasion of Omi Province in 1499, but was defeated, together with Hisanobu HATAKEYAMA, by Masamoto.
Japanese: 政変後、越中国へ亡命していた義稙（義材）は、明応8年（1499年）に北陸の兵を率いて近江国にまで侵攻するが、政元はこれを破り、同じく義稙に呼応した畠山尚順をも撃破する。
English: Meanwhile, Masamoto remained single until the day he died and his strange behavior, like wandering from province to province due to his belief in the mountain ascetic way, sometimes caused confusion in the shogunate government.
Japanese: 一方、政元は生涯独身を通し、山伏信仰に凝って諸国を放浪するなどの奇行があり、幕政を混乱させることもあった。
English: The fact that he tended to be moody and that he did not have any children of his own affected the issue of succession in the Keicho family.
Japanese: こうした気分屋的な傾向、そして実子が無かったことは京兆家の家督相続問題にも反映した。
English: In 1502, Masamoto adopted Sumiyuki from the Kujo family on the condition that he would inherit the family estate but in June, 1503, he adopted Sumimoto from the Awa-Hosokwa branch of the Hosokawa Clan as his heir and he disinherited Sumiyuki.
Japanese: 文亀2年（1502年）、九条家から家督相続を条件に澄之を養子として迎えるが、文亀3年（1503年）5月、分家である阿波細川家から澄元を養子として迎えて家督相続を約束したため、政元は澄之を廃嫡する。
English: In October, 1504, Masamoto suppressed a rebellion by Motokazu YAKUSHIJI, the deputy shugo of the Province of Settsu, and then in 1506, he subjugated Yoshihide HATAKEYAMA of Kawachi and invaded the Province of Yamato.
Japanese: 永正元年（1504年）9月、摂津守護代・薬師寺元一の謀反を鎮圧し、永正3年（1506年）に河内の畠山義英を討伐、大和国へ侵攻する。
English: In 1507, Masamoto further expanded his domain by invading first the Province of Kii and then defeating Yoshiari ISSHIKI of the Provinces of Tango and Tanba.
Japanese: 永正4年（1507年）には紀伊国、さらに丹後国・丹波国の一色義有をも侵攻するなど、自らの勢力の拡大を図った。
English: Masamoto however seemed to dislike the maelstroms of war, and started to express his desire go on a pilgrimage in the mountains of Mutsu to practice the ascetic religion, Shugendo, but was dissuaded from doing so by his retainer, Yukinaga MIYOSHI.
Japanese: ところが、政元はこのような戦乱を嫌悪したのか、修験者として陸奥国で廻国修行をしたいと言い出して、家臣の三好之長の諫言によって断念させられる。
English: On August 11, 1507, Masamoto was attacked and killed while taking a bath by his own guards Magoshichi TAKEDA, Motonaga KOUZAI, and Nagatada YAKUSHIJI, who had been persuaded to side with Sumiyuki (the Eisho Disturbance).
Japanese: 永正4年（1507年）6月23日、澄之派に懐柔された警護役の竹田孫七・香西元長・薬師寺長忠によって、湯殿で行水をしていたところを襲われて殺された（永正の錯乱）。
English: Because of his strange behavior and the infighting after his death, he had received a bad reputation but the currently accepted theory is that he was able to hold on to the position of Kanrei for a long time and also to remove the shogun, and this was the time that the Hosokawa-Keicho family was in its prime.
Japanese: 生前の奇行や死後の内紛などのため、これまで後世の評価は芳しくはなかったが、近年では管領の地位を長期間にわたって保ち、なおかつ将軍の廃立すら行った政元の時代こそが細川京兆家の全盛期であったと見るのが通説となっている。
English: He was known as the Semi-Shogun since he dominated the shogunate government and was also the most powerful daimyo at that time.
Japanese: 幕政を牛耳り、当時では勢力随一の大名であったことから半将軍と称された。
English: There are a few theories as to why he never got married; some say that it was because he was too immersed in Shugendo, and others say that it was because he was homosexual.
Japanese: 独身を貫いたのは修験道に凝ったため、あるいは深く衆道を好んだからなどの諸説がある。
English: He was so immersed in Shugendo that he sometimes walked off from his political tasks and left Kyoto to visit the Province of Tanba; it has been said that he had to be brought back to Kyoto by his chief vassal Motoie YASUTOMI, retainer Motosuke SHO, and Yukinaga MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 修験道に凝って政務を放棄し、京都から離れて丹波国などまで赴くことがあったため、家宰の安富元家や家臣の庄元資、三好之長らによって連れ戻されることもあったといわれる。
English: He met with Shugos of various provinces when he was wandering and some believe that his travels had political purposes, such as expansion of the power of his group.
Japanese: 諸国放浪の際、各地の守護らと会見を持っており、自派勢力拡大のための政治目的もあったとされている。
English: Masamoto was not necessarily a great person, but he had many excellent subordinates and this is said to have led the Hosokawa family to its prime.
Japanese: 政元は優れた人物と言い難い一面があるが、家臣に優れた人物が多数いたことが細川氏の全盛期を築き上げたといえる。
English: Yoshinori ASHIKAGA (July 20, 1394 - July 21, 1441) was the 6th Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Muromachi shogunate (shogunship from 1428 to 1441).
Japanese: 足利義教（あしかがよしのり、応永元年6月14日（1394年7月12日）-嘉吉元年6月24日（1441年7月12日）は、室町幕府第6代征夷大将軍（将軍職1428-1441年）。
English: His mother was FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, a daughter of Hogan AKI, and he was a younger brother of the fourth shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 母は安芸法眼の娘藤原慶子（ふじわらのよしこ）で4代将軍足利義持の同母弟。
English: He had entered the priesthood, taking the name 'Gien,' but upon returning to secular life to succeed to the headship of his family, he named himself 'Yoshinobu,' althouth as this name sounded similar to 'mourning the past,' he called himself 'Yoshinori,' rejecting the name 'Yoshitoshi' that the Imperial Court granted him.
Japanese: 当初出家しており「義円」と呼ばれていたが、家督を継ぐにあたり還俗し「義宣（よしのぶ）」と称したものの、「世を偲ぶ」につながることから改名を決意し朝廷から贈られた「義敏」という名を蹴って「義教」と名乗った。
English: As he was not in line to inherit the headship of the family, he followed tradition and entered the Buddhist priesthood, taking the name 'Gien,' and residing at Shoren-in Monzeki Temple.
Japanese: 足利幕府将軍の家督相続者以外の子として、慣例により仏門に入って「義円」と名乗り青蓮院門跡にあった。
English: He then became the one hundred fifty-third head priest of the Tendai sect, was called 'the most talented person in the history of the Tendai sect,' and was regarded as having a promising future.
Japanese: その後百五十三代天台座主となり、『天台開闢以来の逸材』と呼ばれ将来を嘱望されていた。