nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As Masamoto did not have a biological child, he adopted three sons: Sumiyuki HOSOKAWA, the youngest child of the kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) Masamoto KUJO, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA from the Awa Hosokawa clan and Takakuni HOSOKAWA from the Yasu family of the Hosokawa clan.
Japanese: さて政元には実子は無く、関白・九条政基の末子である細川澄之、細川氏阿波細川氏からの細川澄元、さらに細川氏野州家からは細川高国の3人を迎え養子にしていた。
English: In 1506, Sumimoto, who had become the shugo (provincial constable) of Settsu Province, entered the capital leading forces from the Awa Province; upon their arrival, Masamoto gave important military posts to Sumimoto's kasai (main retainer) Yukinaga MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 永正3年（1506年）、摂津国守護となった澄元が阿波国勢を率いて入京し、その家宰三好之長が政元に軍事面で重用されるようになる。
English: This intensified the confrontation between the forces from Awa and the senior vassals of the Keicho family (mainly powerful local lords in and around the capital) called 'uchishu' who had thus far supported Masamoto.
Japanese: すると、これまで政元政権を支えてきた「内衆」とよばれる京兆家重臣（主に畿内有力国人層）と、阿波勢との対立が深まった。
English: On August 11, 1507, when Masamoto, who often behaved peculiarly and was obsessed with Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism that incorporated Shinto and Buddhist concepts) went into the bathhouse on his premises in preparation for acquiring magic, he was assassinated by the uchishu members Nagatada YAKUSHIJI and Motonaga KOZAI, who supported Sumiyuki.
Japanese: 永正4年（1507年）6月23日、修験道にとりつかれ、度々奇行のあった細川政元は、魔法を修する準備として邸内の湯屋に入ったところ、澄之を擁する内衆の薬師寺長忠・香西元長らに殺害された。
English: On the following day, Nagatada attacked the residences of Sumimoto and Yukinaga MIYOSHI, making them flee to the Omi Province and had Sumiyuki take over as the head of the family.
Japanese: さらに翌日、長忠らは澄元・三好之長の屋敷に攻め寄せると、澄元らを近江国に敗走させ、澄之を迎えて家督を継がせた。
English: The other adopted son Takakuni, however, conspired with his two relatives, Masakata HOSOKAWA, the bungunshugo (a provincial constable of a specially given province in gun unit) of Settsu Province, Hisaharu HOSOKAWA, the shugo of Awaji Province and Yoshitaka HATAKEYAMA, the shugo of Kawachi Province; amongst the four of them, they agreed to make Sumimoto the successor of the Hosokawa clan (the Keicho family).
Japanese: しかしもう一人の養子・高国は、一族の摂津国分郡守護細川政賢や淡路国守護細川尚春、河内国守護畠山義堯と語らい、細川氏（京兆家）の後継者を澄元とすることで合意をみた。
English: On September 15, Mantokumaru YAKUSHIJI, the son of Motokazu YAKUSHIJI (who had been overthrown by his brother Nagatada YAKUSHIJI), captured Ibaraki-jo Castle, the residence of Nagatada.
Japanese: まず7月28日、薬師寺元一（弟・薬師寺長忠に滅ぼされている）の子・薬師寺万徳丸は、長忠の居城茨木城を攻め落した。
English: On September 17, Yukinaga MIYOSHI, who had escaped to Koga-gun, Omi Province where he won the support of the local lords, rushed back to the capital; together with the Takakuni forces, Yukinaga captured Yushoken in one stroke, causing Sumiyuki HOSOKAWA to commit suicide since it was the last of his strongholds.
Japanese: 8月1日、逃亡先の近江甲賀郡の国人らを味方に引き入れ急ぎ京に戻った三好之長が、細川澄之の最後の砦となっていた遊初軒を高国勢とともに一気に攻め落したため澄之は自害した。
English: Meanwhile, the former shogun Yoshitada ASHIKAGA (Yoshiki, later known as Yoshitane), who was displaced by the Meio Coup, had been relying on Yoshioki OUCHI in Suo Province since 1499.
Japanese: ところで明応の政変で追われた前将軍足利義稙（義材、のち義稙）は、明応8年（1499年）以来周防国の大内義興を頼っていた。
English: The bakufu was afraid of their movements, however, and after acquiring a rinji (Emperor's command) in July, ordered the local lords of the Aki and Iwami Provinces to hunt down and kill Yoshioki.
Japanese: だが、幕府はその動向を恐れて6月(旧暦)、義興追討の綸旨を得て安芸国・石見国の国人らに義興追討を命じた。
English: At the end of 1507, as Yoshioki OUCHI left Yamaguchi City leading his troops with Yoshitada at his side, he saw the year out at Tomonoura in Bingo Province while waiting for a chance to enter the capital,
Japanese: しかし永正4年（1507年）末、大内義興は義尹を擁し、軍勢を率いて山口市を発すると、備後国鞆の浦で年を越しつつ入京の時期をうかがった。
English: During this time, the forces in kinai (the five provinces in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto) opposing the tyranny of Yukinaga MIYOSHI rallied behind Takakuni HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: この頃、三好之長の専横に反発する畿内の勢力は細川高国の元に結集していた。
English: Sumimoto tried sending Takakuni to make peace negotiations with Yoshioki but Takakuni fled to Iga Province instead.
Japanese: 澄元は義興と和議を結ぶために高国を差し向けようとした。だが、逆に高国は伊賀国に出奔した。
English: Takakuni made alliances with Yoshiki and Yoshioki and gained the support of the local lords in kinai, including Motosuke ITAMI from Settsu Province and Sadamasa NAITO from Tanba Province.
Japanese: 義尹・義興と結び、摂津の伊丹元扶や丹波国の内藤貞正らの畿内国人を味方につけた。
English: In May of 1508, Sumimoto and the eleventh shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA fled to Omi one after the other and Takakuni entered the capital.
Japanese: 永正5年（1508年）4月、澄元や11代将軍足利義澄は相次いで近江に逃れ、高国が入京した。
English: In early June, Yoshitada and Yoshioki were met by Takakuni when they arrived at Sakai in Izumi Province and Takakuni took over as the head of the Keicho family.
Japanese: 4月末、義尹・義興は和泉国堺に到着、出迎えた高国が京兆家の家督を継いだ。
English: Takakuni became kanrei and Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices), and Yoshioki OUCHI became Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) and shugo of Yamashiro Province.
Japanese: 高国は右京大夫・管領となり、大内義興は左京大夫・山城国守護となった。
English: Within one year, the head of the Hosokawa clan (the Keicho family) changed chaotically from Masamoto to Sumiyuki, then to Sumimoto, and then again to Takakuni.
Japanese: この1年の間に、細川氏（京兆家）の家督は政元から澄之、澄元、高国とめまぐるしく入れ替わった。
English: Triggered by these disturbances, battles repeatedly occurred over a prolonged period between the Takakuni HOSOKAWA forces that had gained control of the capital and the Awa forces that included Sumimoto HOSOKAWA, Harumoto HOSOKAWA and the Miyoshi clan.
Japanese: この擾乱を契機として、京を押さえた細川高国らと、細川澄元・細川晴元・三好氏ら阿波勢との攻防が長期にわたって繰り返された。
English: In 1509, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI attempted to invade the capital, but Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI fought them off in a cooperative effort (The Battle of Nyoigatake).
Japanese: 永正6年（1509年）、細川澄元・三好之長が京侵攻を企てるが、細川高国・大内義興は協同して撃退（如意ケ嶽の戦い）している。
English: In 1510, Takakuni's forces invaded Omi but suffered a crushing defeat due to the resistance they met by local lords who supported the Sumimoto side.
Japanese: 永正7年（1510年）、高国らが近江に侵攻したが、澄元方を支持する国人の反抗もあって大敗した。
English: In 1511, Sumimoto engaged in battle with the forces of Masakata HOSOKAWA and Hisaharu HOSOKAWA (The Battle of Ashiyakawara), and then again with the forces of Yoshitaka HATAKEYAMA, the shugo of Kawachi Province (The Battle of Izumi and Fukai).
Japanese: 永正8年（1511年）、澄元は細川政賢・細川尚春らと（芦屋河原の合戦）、また河内守護畠山尚順らと（和泉・深井城深井の合戦）合戦に及ぶ。
English: Takakuni and Yoshioki were temporarily cornered with inferior numbers and forced to withdraw to Tanba Province with shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 高国・義興は一時は劣勢に追い込まれ、将軍足利義稙を擁して丹波国に撤退余儀なくされる。
English: In 1517, as Yukinaga MIYOSHI invaded Awaji in order to take control of the Awaji Navy, Hisaharu HOSOKAWA, the shugo of Awaji Province, fled to Sakai in Izumi.
Japanese: 永正14年（1517年）、三好之長は淡路水軍を掌握するため淡路に侵攻し、淡路守護細川尚春は和泉の堺に逃亡した。
English: In September of 1518, when threatening movements began showing in the Amago clan of Izumo Province and the Takeda clan of Aki Province, Yoshioki OUCHI returned home to Suo Province (modern day Yamaguchi Prefecture) due to the local lords under his command defecting one after another.
Japanese: 永正15年（1518年）8月、出雲国の尼子氏や安芸の武田氏などが不穏な動きを見せ、麾下の国人の離反も相次いだため、大内義興が周防に帰国する。
English: In June of 1519, Hisaharu HOSOKAWA surrendered to Sumimoto but was killed by Yukinaga.
Japanese: 永正16年（1519年）5月、細川尚春は澄元に降るが、之長に殺害される。
English: During December of the same year, Sumimoto and Yukinaga landed in Hyogo in the Settsu Province and captured Koshimizu-jo Castle, owned by Masayori KAWARABAYASHI (瓦林正頼, also known as 河原林政頼) (The Battle of Koshimizu-jo Castle).
Japanese: 同年11月、澄元・之長らが摂津国兵庫に上陸、瓦林正頼（別名：河原林政頼）の越水城を落とす（越水城の合戦）。
English: In February of 1520, when Takakuni was defeated by Sumimoto and Yukinaga in Settsu, shogun Yoshitane took sides with Sumimoto.
Japanese: 永正17年（1520年）2月、高国が摂津で澄元・之長に敗れ、将軍義稙は澄元側に通じる。
English: Takakuni fled to Sakamoto in Omi, but in May he invaded the capital, defeating Sumimoto and Yukinaga after gaining support in Omi from Sadayori ROKKAKU and Takakiyo KYOGOKU and Sadamasa NAITO from Tanba.
Japanese: 高国は近江坂本に逃走するが、近江の六角定頼・京極高清、丹波の内藤貞正らの支援を得て5月、京に侵攻し、澄元・之長を破る。
English: Although Yukinaga had an audience with Takakuni to beg for his life, he was forced to commit suicide at the request of Hikoshiro HOSOKAWA, an adopted son of Hisaharu HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 之長は高国に拝謁し助命を請うが、細川尚春の養子・細川彦四郎の要求で自害に追い込まれる。
English: In April of 1521, Takakuni banished shogun Yoshitane who had turned against him, and put up Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA as the twelfth shogun.
Japanese: 永正18年（1521年）3月、高国は対立した将軍義稙を追放し、新たに足利義晴を12代将軍として擁立した。
English: In November of 1524, Takakuni's senior vassals Motomori KOZAI and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO defeated the remnants of the Awa forces in Izumi.
Japanese: 大永4年（1524年）10月、高国の重臣香西元盛・柳本賢治らが阿波勢の残党を和泉で破る。
English: In August of 1526, Takakuni murdered Motomori KOZAI due to false charges made by the shugo of Tanba Province, Tadakata HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 大永6年（1526年）7月、丹波守護細川尹賢の讒言により、高国が香西元盛を謀殺。
English: Motomori's brother Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO raised an army in Tanba in a collaborative effort with Harumoto HOSOKAWA and Motonaga MIYOSHI from Awa.
Japanese: 元盛の兄・波多野稙通・柳本賢治らは阿波の細川晴元・三好元長と連携して丹波で挙兵。
English: Takakuni and Tadakata attacked their forces at the Katsura-gawa River but they were defeated and fled to Sakamoto in Omi with shogun Yoshiharu (The Battle of Katsura-gawa River).
Japanese: 高国・尹賢は桂川で迎え撃つが敗れ、将軍義晴を擁して近江坂本に逃亡（桂川の戦い）。
English: With Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA, the former shogun Yoshitane's adopted son and a younger brother of Yoshiharu on their side, Harumoto and Motonaga advanced to Sakai and governed the capital (Sakaikubo [the municipal government based in Sakai City]).
Japanese: 前将軍義稙の養子・足利義維（義晴の弟）を擁する晴元・元長は堺に進出し、京の支配を行う（堺公方）。
English: During March of 1531, Takakuni suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Nakajima in Settsu Province due to a counterattack made by Motonaga MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 享禄4年（1531年）3月、高国は三好元長の反撃を受けて摂津国中嶋の戦いで大敗。
English: In July, Takakuni was defeated again by Motonaga at Daimotsu Kuzure (The Battle of Daimotsu) and fled to Amagasaki City but was captured and committed suicide.
Japanese: 6月、さらに高国は大物崩れで元長に敗れて尼崎市に逃走したが、捕らえられ自害した。
English: In July of 1532, Harumoto formed an alliance with Shonyo HONGANJI and Nagamasa KIZAWA and had Ikko-ikki (mobs of peasant farmers, monks, Shinto priests and local nobles who rose up against samurai) troops attack Motonaga in Sakai.
Japanese: 天文(元号)元年（1532年）6月、晴元は本願寺証如や木沢長政と結び、一向一揆に堺の元長を攻めさせる。
English: Buyaku refers to labor allocation imposed on subjects by each ruler in Japanese history.
Japanese: 夫役(ぶやく)は、日本史上の各支配者が被支配者に賦課した労働課役のこと。
English: Kuji that were imposed on people were called buyaku, distinguishable from other kuji (also called zokuji).
Japanese: 公事の中でも人的な賦課の部分を夫役と呼んで、その他の公事（雑公事とも呼ばれる）と区別した。
English: These duties included serving as a soldier, a jicho (manservant doing odd jobs in a nobleman's house), Kyonoborifu (serving in Kyoto) or Kamakurafu (serving in Kamakura); other duties included working in a local area as a sumiyakifu (charcoal burner), kusakarifu (mower) or working in a tsukuda (rice fields managed directly by a lord or officer of a shoen [manor]).
Japanese: 荘園領主のために仕丁や京上夫（京都にて奉仕する）・鎌倉夫（鎌倉にて奉仕する）、兵士役を務めたり、在地において炭焼夫や草刈夫・佃などを行った。
English: After the Muromachi period, shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governors who later became daimyo, Japanese feudal lords), Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) or their subordinates would recruit for these duties, putting private soldiers, servicemen or laborers into service.
Japanese: 室町時代以後になると、守護大名や戦国大名あるいはその配下の国人によって動員され、軍夫・陣夫・人夫などとして奉仕した。
English: What additionally began taking place during this period was daisenno (paying dues in cash), which was paid in return for buyaku that involved actual manual labor.
Japanese: また、実際の労働によって奉仕していた夫役の代銭納が行われるようになった。
English: Lords in the shogunate system imposed ninsokuyaku (physical labor) for construction, cleanup and traffic on the people inhabiting a fief.
Japanese: 幕藩領主は普請・掃除・交通などのために、領民に人足役を賦課していた。
English: Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.
Japanese: また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役（掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち）も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
English: Akita Ranga is a genre of Japanese painting in a semi-Western style from the Edo period that was adopted by the lord and statesmen of the Kubota clan (the Akita clan); paintings in this style were composed using techniques of Western paintings with traditional Japanese drawing materials.
Japanese: 秋田蘭画（あきたらんが）とは、江戸時代における絵画のジャンルのひとつで、久保田藩（秋田藩）主や藩士を担い手とした、西洋画の手法を取り入れた構図と純日本的な画材を使用した和洋折衷絵画である。
English: The genre was established by the Kubota clan between 1772 and 1781, but died out between 1781 and 1789 due to a lack of successors.
Japanese: 安永(元号)年間（1772年－1781年）に久保田藩で成立したが、後継者もなく天明年間（1781年－1789年）には廃れた。
English: However, it is said that the extremity of its method of perspective had a large effect on later art known as ukiyoe (woodblock prints depicting everyday life of the common people).
Japanese: しかし、その極端な遠近法は後代の浮世絵にも大きな影響を与えたとされる。
English: Major Akita Ranga painters were a statesman named Naotake ODANO (1750 - 1780), a feudal lord named Shozan SATAKE (1748 - 1785) and a member of his family named Yoshimi SATAKE (1749 - 1800).
Japanese: 代表的な画家に、藩士小田野直武（1750年－1780年）、藩主佐竹曙山（1748年－1785年）、その一族佐竹義躬（1749年－1800年）がいる。
English: Many Akita Ranga paintings used traditional Eastern styles of painting by using silk fabric colors and Kakehaba (Japanese pigments) while adopting Western painting techniques, which included Western-style themes, such as landscapes and still-lifes, and used such techniques as shadowing and aerial perspective.
Japanese: 秋田蘭画の多くは、絹本着色で掛幅という東洋画の伝統的な形態をとりながらも、画題のうえでは洋風の風景画や静物画を、技法のうえでは陰影法や大気遠近法など西洋絵画の手法を多く採り入れている。
English: The works were often in oblong composition, in many cases with flowers, birds and still objects painted in the foreground in deep colors, and landscapes, such as waterfronts, painted in the background, or nothing but light colors to denote a feeling of distance.
Japanese: 近景に濃彩の花鳥や静物を描き、遠景には水辺などの風景、あるいは何も描かずに淡い色彩で距離感を示している場合が多く、縦長構図の作品が多い。
English: It has been pointed out that the popularity of Akita Ranga spread from Yoshimune TOKUGAWA's Dutch study promotions, the popularity of the Nanbin School and hobbyists of natural history of the time.
Japanese: 秋田蘭画流行の背景には、徳川吉宗の蘭学奨励、当時の南蘋（なんびん）派の流行、および博物趣味の広まりがあると指摘されている。
English: Akita Ranga was also influenced by the Nanbin School, meaning that it was a unique painting style created by mixing Japanese, Chinese and Western styles.
Japanese: 秋田蘭画も南蘋派の影響を受けており、その意味からは和漢洋の折衷体から独自の境地を見い出した画派といえる。
English: The techniques of Western paintings were studied by Gennai HIRAGA, a scholar of Dutch studies, by copying the illustrations in books, and since he painted in his own way without any direct guidance from Westerners, his study of the art was no better than painting as a hobby.
Japanese: そのため西洋画の技法研究も、蘭学者である平賀源内が外国人からの直接の指導を受けることなく、書物の挿画の模写などを通して独学で行っており、余技の域を出ないものであった。
English: In the meantime, the Kubota clan, who were focused on mine development as a measure to reconstruct their finances, invited Gennai to be a mine engineer in August of 1773.
Japanese: 一方、久保田藩は財政再建のための方策として鉱山開発に着目しており、安永2年（1773年）7月、源内を鉱山技術者として藩に招聘した。
English: According to a legend, Gennai stayed the night at the home of Goi family, a sake a brewer who lived in the castle town of Kakunodate, on the way to Ani-machi.
Japanese: 伝説では、源内が阿仁町に向かうため角館城下の酒造業者五井家に泊まった。
English: Impressed by a screen painting in the home, Gennai summoned the artist named Naotake and said to him, 'Try to paint the rice cake offering as if looking at it from above,' and when Naotake painted only a double circle, Gennai exclaimed, 'I cannot tell if that is the tray or the rice cake,' and immediately taught him a method of painting with shadows.
Japanese: その際、宿の屏風絵に感心した源内がその絵の作者だという直武を呼び、「供物餅を上から描いてみなさい」と直武に描かせてみせたところ、二重丸を描いた直武に「それではお盆なのか餅なのか分からない」と言い、即座に陰影法を教えたという。
English: After inspecting Ani and Odate and having an audience with the feudal lord Shozan (Yoshiatsu) SATAKE, Gennai left the Kubota domain on December 12 of the same year and returned to Edo.
Japanese: 源内が阿仁や大館の検分を終えて藩主佐竹曙山（義敦）に拝謁したのちの同年10月29日に久保田を出発、江戸へ戻った。
English: Soon afterwards, Naotake was promoted to 'product agent under Gennai' and 'collector (selector) of copper mine products,' and he departed from Kakunodate for Edo on January 12, 1774 and lodged with Gennai.
Japanese: 後を追うようなかたちで直武は藩の「源内手、産物他所取次役」ないし「銅山方産物取立役（吟味役）」に抜擢され、12月1日に角館より江戸へ出立して源内のところに寄寓した。
English: Since up until that time Naotake had been a vassal (retainer of a vassal) of the Northern House of the Satake clan, this appointment promoted him to a direct vassal of the main clan.
Japanese: それまで直武は佐竹北家の家臣（陪臣）であったので、この抜擢により本藩直臣へと立身したことになる。
English: Also, by copying Western books including Jonston's "Dobutsu Zufu" (Zoological Encyclopedia), he learned techniques of drawing animals such as lions, snakes and horses, which had been a stereotype of Oriental paintings, in three dimensions by using shadow effects.
Japanese: また、ヨンストン著『動物図譜』などの洋書を模写することによって、従来の東洋画では定型化されていた獅子やヘビ、ウマなどの動物表現についても、陰影をつけて立体感をあらわす方法を学んだ。
English: His paintings include 'Toeizan Shinobazu no Ike Zu' (A View of Shinobazuno-ike Pond in Toeizan) (an important cultural property), 'Totaiso Kacho Sansui Zu' (Totaiso [a Chinese emperor] and a View of Flowers, Birds, Hills, and Water) (an important cultural property at the Akita Museum of Modern Art), 'Totaiso Zu' (a painting of Totaiso, a Chinese emperor) (at the Akita Senshu Museum of Art) and 'Enoshima Zu' (A View of Enoshima) (at the Museum of Yamato Bunkakan), and it is also said that Naotake taught his techniques to Kokan SHIBA.
Japanese: 「東叡山不忍池図」（重要文化財）、「唐太宗・花鳥山水図」（重要文化財、秋田県立近代美術館所蔵）、「唐太宗図」（秋田市立千秋美術館所蔵）、「江ノ島図」（大和文華館所蔵）などを描くとともに、司馬江漢にも技法を伝授したといわれている。
English: Shozan SATAKE, a feudal lord known for his association with the lord of the Kumamoto clan Shigekata HOSOKAWA who was known for his hot temper, Yoshimi SATAKE, the family head of the Northern House of the Satake clan (the Keeper of Kakunodate-jo Castle), as well as statesmen including Tadakuni TASHIRO, Katsutaka OGITSU, Torakichi SUGAWARA and Torazo SUGAWARA, a painter of the Kubota clan, were all among Naotake's painting disciples.
Japanese: 直武の絵画における弟子としては、蘭癖大名として知られる熊本藩主細川重賢とも交流のあった藩主佐竹曙山、北家当主（角館城代）佐竹義躬、藩士田代忠国・荻津勝孝・菅原寅吉、久保田藩御用絵師菅原虎三などがいる。
English: Shozan in particular was highly praised by Gennai HIRAGA and the lord of the Satsuma clan Shigehide SHIMAZU for his painting talent.
Japanese: 特に曙山は平賀源内や薩摩藩主島津重豪から絶賛されるほどの画才にめぐまれた。
English: Shozan's paintings include 'Matsu ni Karadori Zu' (A Painting of Foreign-bred Bird on Pine) (an important cultural property in a private collection), 'Kakitsubata ni Hasami Zu' (A Painting of Rabbit-ear Iris and Scissors) (at Kobe City Museum), 'Take ni Buncho Zu' (A Painting of a Paddy Bird on a Bamboo) (at Akita Senshu Museum of Art), and 'Kozan Fukei Zu' (A View of a Mountain and a Lake).
Japanese: 曙山の作品として、「松に唐鳥図」（重要文化財、個人蔵）、「燕子花にハサミ図」（神戸市立博物館所蔵）、「竹に文鳥図」（秋田市立千秋美術館所蔵）、「湖山風景図」などの絵画がある。
English: In addition, he also wrote the first books on theories of Western-style painting in Japan, such as "Gaho Koryo" (Summary of Painting Laws) and "Gazu Rikai" (Understanding Painting) in September of 1778, which became the theoretical fulcrum point of Akita Ranga.
Japanese: そのほかに1778年9月『画法綱領』、『画図理解』という日本最初の西洋画論ともいえる理論書を執筆しており、これは秋田蘭画の理論的支柱となっている。
English: An enormous amount of his sketches were dedicated in "Satake Shozan Shaseicho" (at Akita Senshu Museum of Art).
Japanese: また、膨大な数のスケッチを『佐竹曙山写生帖』（秋田市立千秋美術館所蔵）に収めている。
English: At the end of 1779, however, Naotake was suddenly ordered to refrain from making public appearances and died in June of the following year.
Japanese: ところが、安永8年（1779年）の末に、直武は突然謹慎を申し渡され、翌年5月には死去してしまった。
English: After Shozan died five years later, Akita Ranga lost its popularity and gradually fell out of practice; however, its lineage and style were inherited by Kokan SHIBA, becoming further westernized and also came to have an influence on Denzen AODO from Sukagawa.
Japanese: それから5年後に曙山も亡くなると、秋田蘭画は下火となり、しだいに廃れたが、同画の系統・画流は司馬江漢に受けつがれ、さらに洋風化して須賀川の亜欧堂田善にも影響をおよぼしている。
English: The person to bring Akita Ranga to a wide audience was Hyakusui HIRAFUKU, who was a Japanese-style painter from the same prefecture as Naotake and had great success from the end of the Meiji period to the early Showa period.
Japanese: 秋田蘭画を広く世に紹介した人物として、直武と同郷の日本画家で明治末年頃から昭和初期にかけて活躍した平福百穂がいる。
English: In 1930, Hyakusui introduced Akita Ranga with a large paper edition of an art collection book called "Nihon Yoga Shoko" (The Dawn of Japanese and Western Paintings).
Japanese: 1930年（昭和5年）、百穂は『日本洋画曙光』という大型版画集のなかで秋田蘭画を紹介している。
English: The paintings of the Lord are magnanimous with Dutch techniques and Japanese style.
Japanese: この君の　ゑがきける絵は　おほらかなり　蘭法にならひ　吾が国ぶりの絵
English: The one who adopted Dutch style painting first was my countryman, Naotake ODANO.
Japanese: いちはやく　おらんだぶりを　画（えが）きしは　吾が郷人（くにびと）よ　小田野直武
English: The painting is realistic with its contrast between light and shadow; the value of Dutch style makes me laugh.
Japanese: 明暗を　とりてゑがける　ふりにし絵　珍笑（うづゑ）ましもよ　そのおらんだぶり
English: The painting is so detailed that the shadows of arrow bamboo can be seen on the white rabbit.
Japanese: 細密（こまごま）に　ゑがきたる絵は　真白なる　兎に笹の　かげをおとせる
English: The Dutch-style painting made by one who died at an early age is rare in this world and I look at it repeatedly.
Japanese: 壮（わか）くして　逝きにし人の　阿蘭陀絵は　世に稀なれや　くりかへしみつ
English: The name Eishoki comes from the fact that Shijobomon in Sakyo where Tametaka lived was within the Eishobo.
Japanese: 永昌記の書名の由来は、為隆の自宅のあった左京の四条坊門が永昌坊内にあったことによる。
English: The existing article spans 25 years from 1105 to 1129, but many segments are missing.
Japanese: 現存する記事は長治2年（1105年）から大治(日本)4年（1129年）年までの25年間に及ぶが、欠落部分も少なくない。
English: Various ceremonies such as events, investitures, and incantations that happened during the eras of the three emperors, Emperor Horikawa, Emperor Toba and Emperor Sutoku (in other words, the cloistered government period of Shirakawa and Toba) are described in detail and the document is treasured by researchers as a well-written knowledgeable account.
Japanese: 堀河天皇・鳥羽天皇・崇徳天皇の3天皇（つまり白河・鳥羽院政）時代の朝廷における行事・叙位・修法などの諸儀式について詳細に記述してあり、後世有職故実の書物として重んじられた。
English: Myogyodo was a department that studied and instructed on Confucianism as part the Daigakuryo, an educational institution under the Ritsuryo system (the system of centralized administration established by the ritsuryo legal codes) of Japan.
Japanese: 明経道（みょうぎょうどう）は、日本律令制の大学寮において儒学を研究・教授した学科。
English: From the Nara period, the study of Confucianism was sometimes called Myogyo, but as other departments came to end with the suffix '-do' (the character used was "道" literally meaning "the way") (such as Kidendo [study of the histories], Myohodo [study of codes], Sando [study of mathematics] and Shodo [calligraphy]) during the early Heian period, Myogyo came to be called Myogyodo.
Japanese: 儒学の研究を明経と呼ぶ例は奈良時代からあったが、平安時代前期に大学の各学科が「道」（紀伝道・明法道・算道・書道など）と呼ばれるようになると、明経道という呼称が定着した。
English: The Myogyodo department consisted of a Myogyo hakase (Professor of Confucianism), two assistant professors, four Myogyo Tokugyosho (honor students) and 400 Myogyosho (students); the number of students was fixed and never increased throughout the Heian period.
Japanese: 明経博士1名・助教2名・直講2名の各教官と、明経得業生（みょうぎょうとくぎょうしょう）4名・明経生（みょうぎょうしょう）400名から成るが、学生定員は平安時代を通じて充足されることはなかった。
English: The following eleven books were established as the major Myogyo textbooks during the Heian period: the three Sankyo (three classics on Confucianism) called Shikyo, Shokyo and Ekikyo; the three Sanrai (three classical texts on rites) called Shurai, Girai and Raiki; the three Sanden (three classics on a Chinese history book "Shunju") called Shunju Sashiden, Shunju Kuyoden and Shunju Kokuryoden; as well as the "Rongo" and "Kokyo."
Japanese: 教科書は平安時代に三経（詩経・書経・易経）、三礼（周礼・儀礼・礼記）、三伝（春秋左氏伝・春秋公羊伝・春秋穀梁伝）及び『論語』『孝経』の１１経が主な教材として確立された。