nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: While the family head of the Kamikira family always lived in Kyoto, the family head of the Shimokira family usually lived in its domain and occasionally visited Kyoto.
Japanese: 上吉良家の当主が常は京都に住していたのに対して、下吉良家の当主は通常は在国し、稀に上洛するという形をとっていた。
English: With respect to Mochikiyo, it was recorded that he visited Kyoto on December 3, 1509 and presented a sword to Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, who was the shogun, as a present for the New Year ("Taikanki").
Japanese: 持清の場合、記録に残るのは永正6年（1509年）12月3日に上洛して将軍足利義稙に年始の祝儀として太刀一腰を献上している（『大館記』）。
English: While he was in Kyoto, it seems that he learned tanka poetry from Tamekazu REIZEI and he invited Tamekazu to the Tojo-jo Castle in 1522.
Japanese: 在京の折に冷泉為和に歌道を学んでいたらしく、大永2年（1522年）に為和を東条城に招いている。
English: Tamekazu inserted his tanka, which he made on October 4, 1522 while he was in the Tojo-jo Castle, into his book "Tamekazukyo-ki".
Japanese: 為和はその書『為和卿記』に同年10月4日、東条城にて詠んだ歌を載せている。
English: In the Kyoroku era (1528 - 1531), Tamekazu moved down to Suruga Province, where he had a fief, and protected by the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: 享禄年間（1528年～1531年）に為和は知行地のある駿河国に下向、今川氏の庇護を受ける。
English: In 1533, Tamekazu visited Kyoto passing Mikawa Province, he did not record anything about Kira.
Japanese: 天文2年（1533年）に為和は三河国を通って上洛するが、その際には吉良のことを何も記していない。
English: Sukekado YANAGIWARA (August 2, 1644 - October 29, 1712) was a noble who lived in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 柳原資廉（やなぎわら　すけかど、正保1年6月30日(旧暦)（1644年8月2日）-正徳(日本)2年9月29日(旧暦)（1712年10月29日））は江戸時代前期の公卿。
English: He actively engaged in politics in the Imperial Court mainly in the era of the Emperor Reigen and the Emperor Higashiyama, for example, by acting as a bukedensoyaku (a position to transmit request from buke to the emperor or the retired emperor).
Japanese: 武家伝奏役などをつとめて主に霊元天皇・東山天皇の御世の朝廷政治において活躍した。
English: His mother was a daughter of Motonari SONO (Gon Dainagon) and, therefore, he was a maternal cousin of the Emperor Reigen whose mother was also a daughter of Motonari SONO.
Japanese: 母は園基音(権大納言)の姫であり、したがって同じく園基音の姫を母とする霊元天皇とは母方の従兄弟にあたる。
English: This was the main reason behind Sukekado's remarkable promotion compared to family heads of the Yanagiwara family.
Japanese: 資廉が柳原家歴代当主の中でも特に栄進したのはこれが大きな背景であった。
English: There was the first son called Hoko, but as he was in poor health, Sukekado became the heir of the Yanagiwara family.,
Japanese: はじめ方光という長男がいたが、病弱であったために資廉が代わりに柳原家の世子となる。
English: This Yanagiwara family was a branch of the Hino family in the Manatsu line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan and it was a meika (family rank of which member can be promoted to Dainagon, immediately below Urinke).
Japanese: この柳原家は藤原北家真夏流の日野家の庶流で、名家(大納言まで出世できる家格・羽林家の下)にあたる。
English: This family was founded by Sukeakira YANAGIWARA, who was the fourth son of Toshimitsu HINO, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts using the name of the Yanagiwara dono where Sukeakira lived as the family name.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)に日野俊光の四男柳原資明が居住していた柳原殿を名字として起こした家柄である。
English: In the period from 1681 to 1687, he took over the key position of the politics in the Imperial Palace as Gon Dainagon and, during this period, from 1684, he also assumed the position of bukedenso and actively involved in communication and negotiation with bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and he stayed in this position until 1708.
Japanese: 1681年から1687年までの間には権大納言として朝廷政治の中枢にあり、またこの間の1684年からは武家伝奏を兼務して幕府との交渉に活躍し、1708年まで同職に在職した。
English: It was customary during the Edo period that, when a new year commenced, the shogun sent Koke (position in the Tokugawa shogunate which mainly handled ceremonial matters) as his representative to present the emperor and retired emperor (In) a New Year's greeting and, in return, the emperor and the retired emperor sent an envoy to give an imperial reply (the emperor's envoy was called chokushi and the retired emperor's envoy was call inshi or sentoshi (because, at that time, the retired emperor administered the government by cloistered emperor) to Edo (present Tokyo) in March.
Japanese: 新年が来ると幕府将軍は高家を名代として天皇と上皇(院)に対して新年祝賀の奏上をおこない、天皇と上皇はそれに対する勅答の使者（天皇の使者は勅使といい、上皇の使者は院使または仙洞使(当時上皇は仙洞御所という所で院政を執ったため)という）を3月に江戸へ下向させるのが江戸時代の毎年の慣例であった。
English: In March 1701 in which the Genroku Ako Incident occurred, this Yanagiwara and Yasuharu TAKANO visited Edo as envoys of the Emperor Higashiyama.
Japanese: 元禄赤穂事件があった1701年3月にはこの柳原と高野保春が東山天皇の勅使として下向していた。
English: As was widely known, however, Asano gave up his duty and caused a tragic accident on March 14 when the most important ceremony for conveying the imperial reply was planned.
Japanese: が、周知の如く、浅野は最も重要な勅答の儀が行なわれる3月14日に役目を放り出して凶事をおこした。
English: On this occasion, the roju (senior councilor of the Tokugawa shogunate) asked Yanagiwara whether or not the ceremony for conveying the imperial reply should be carried out under such circumstances and Yanagiwara replied 'As it does not constitute a violation of circumstance, it does not affect the ceremony' and instructed that the ceremony be continued.
Japanese: このとき幕府老中は穢れの中で勅答の儀を続行すべきか否か柳原に伺いを立てたが、柳原は「穢れ事に及ぶ事でもなく、苦しからず」として儀式続行を指示した。
English: Thanks to Yanagiwara's cool judgment, the ceremony could be carried out smoothly although the person in charge of entertaining the imperial envoy was switched from Naganori ASANO to Tadazane TODA and the place was switched from Shiroshoin (name of place in Edo-jo Castle) to Kuroshoin (name of place in Edo-jo Castle).
Japanese: 柳原のこの冷静さのおかげで、勅使饗応役は浅野長矩から戸田忠真に、場所は白書院から黒書院へと変えられながらも儀式は滞りなく執り行なうことができたのである。
English: Shigenori MATSUDAIRA was the lord of the Hyakushu Domain in Kazusa Province and the first lord of the Minakawa Domain in Shimotsuke Province.
Japanese: 松平重則（まつだいら　しげのり）は、上総国百首藩主、下野国皆川藩の初代藩主。
English: Starting from 1598, he served Hidetada TOKUGAWA and, on the occasion of the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he followed Hidetada and take part in attacking the Ueda-jo Castle in Shinano Province.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）から徳川秀忠の家臣として仕えるようになり、慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いでは、秀忠に従って信濃国上田城攻めに参加した。
English: Later, he assumed the position of joban (position to assist jodai (chief in charge of his master's castle)) for Fushimi-jo Castle and Nijo-jo Castle and in 1613, he assumed the position of okachigashira (commander of foot soldiers of Edo or pre-Edo time).
Japanese: その後、伏見城や二条城の城番となり、慶長18年（1613年）には御徒士頭となる。
English: When Hidetada's younger brother, Tadateru MATSUDAIRA was deprived of his status and forfeited his territory in 1616, he worked as an envoy to transmit the order of domiciliary confinement.
Japanese: 元和(日本)2年（1616年）に秀忠の弟・松平忠輝が改易されたとき、その蟄居を伝える使者役を務めた。
English: On April 23, 1633, he was awarded with an increase of 4,000 goku and became a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) for 10,500 koku in total and became the lord of Hyakushu Domain in Kazusa Province.
Japanese: 寛永10年（1633年）4月23日、4000石を加増されて合計1万500石の大名となり、上総百首藩主となる。
English: In 1640, he was transferred to Minagawa Domain in Shimotsuke Province and he died on December 27, next year.
Japanese: 寛永17年（1640年）に下野皆川藩に移封されたが、翌年12月27日に死去。
English: Soen NAGATANI (1681 -1778) was a farmer who lived in Yuyatani Village, Ujitawarago, Yamashiro Province (present Yuyatani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 永谷宗円（ながたにそうえん、天和(日本)元年（1681年）-安永7年（1778年））は山城国宇治田原郷湯屋谷村（現京都府綴喜郡宇治田原町湯屋谷）の農家。
English: The ancestor of the Nagatani family was a local clan in Nukazuka Village in Ujitawara and moved to Yuyatani in 1592 and while he was engaged in farming, worshipped the Yuyama-sha Shrine.
Japanese: 永谷家の先祖は同じ宇治田原の糠塚村の土豪で、文禄元年（1592年）に湯屋谷に移り住んで農業に携わる一方、湯山社を祀っていた。
English: In Yuyatani, he not only produced tea but also carried out improvements of wet fields and other operations and he was in a position to guide village people.
Japanese: 湯屋谷では茶業のみならず、湿田改良などの事業を行い、村人を指導する立場であったらしい。
English: Tea brought from China to Japan was drunk for medical purpose as Eisai, who had been to Southern Song (dynasty of China) and explained the effects of tea in his 'Kissa Yojoki' (Drink Tea and Prolong Life, a Note on Drinking Green Tea for Good Health).
Japanese: 中国から日本にもたらされた茶は、南宋に渡った栄西が「喫茶養生記」で茶の効能を説いたように、当初は寺院での修行や薬用として飲用されていた。
English: Then, tea cultivation spread to various places, but certain chashi (tea growers) obtained permission from the bakufu and monopolized the production of high-quality powdered green tea (steamed and dried before being stone-ground).
Japanese: やがて各地で栽培が広がるが、宇治の特定の茶師は、幕府の許可を得て高品質の碾茶の製造を独占していた。
English: Ordinary people used 'senjicha' (decoction of tea) which was red in color and tasted poor, which differed from powdered tea which had been loved by rich people.
Japanese: 富裕層が好んだ抹茶とはちがい、庶民は色が赤黒く味も粗末な「煎じ茶」を飲んでいた。
English: Under the circumstances, Soen studied the method of producing tea for fifteen years and succeeded in making a new type of sencha which was rich in taste and green in color (to be correct, it was 'dashicha,' a type of tea used by making an infusion).
Japanese: そんな中、宗円は15年の歳月をかけて製茶法を研究し、味もすぐれた緑の新しい煎茶（正確には「だし茶」である）を作り上げた。
English: This 'aoseisencha seiho' invented by Soen became the mainstream Japanese green tea.
Japanese: この宗円が発明した「青製煎茶製法」はその後の日本緑茶の主流となる製法となった。
English: Soen visited Edo with the completed tea and consigned the sale of the tea to a tea dealer, Kahei YAMAMOTO and the tea immediately became popular and, since then, 'Uji no sencha' (green tea from Uji) came to represent Japanese tea.
Japanese: 宗円は完成した茶を携えて江戸に赴き、茶商の山本嘉兵衛に販売を託したところ、たちまち評判となり、以後「宇治の煎茶」は日本を代表する茶となった。
English: Yamamotoyama,' that sold Soen's green tea and earned a lot, donated koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) for twenty-five ryo to the Nagatani family every year until 1875.
Japanese: 宗円の煎茶を販売し大きく利益をた「山本山」では、明治8年（1875年）まで永谷家に毎年小判二十五両を贈った。
English: As Soen did not hesitate to teach the method for producing tea that he invented to neighbors, 'Nagatanishiki sencha' (sencha by Nagatani method) and 'Ujisei sencha' (sencha made in Uji) spread nationwide.
Japanese: 宗円は自身が発明した製茶法を近隣にも惜しみなく伝えたため、「永谷式煎茶」「宇治製煎茶」は全国に広がることとなった。
English: The above-explained achievements by Soen were deeply believed in the region and people involved in the tea business, but thanks to studies in recent years, it became clear that such stories do no pass the bounds of tradition.
Japanese: 上記の宗円の事跡は地元や茶業者を中心に根強く信じられているが、近年の研究では、それは伝承の域を出ないことが明らかになってきている。
English: First of all, the tea brought from China at the beginning was not 'matcha' but 'senjicha' and 'hikicha.'
Japanese: まず、中国から当初もたらされた茶は「抹茶」ではなく、「煎じ茶」と「挽き茶」であった。
English: Senjicha' means tea obtained by decocting tried tea leave and 'sencha' originally meant this type of tea.
Japanese: 「煎じ茶」は乾燥させた茶葉を煮出したもので、「煎茶」とはもともとこれを意味していた。
English: On the other hand, 'hikicha' is prepared by dissolving tea powder, which is produced by grinding dried tea leaves with a mill-stone or a druggist's mortar and we can call it the prototypical form of 'matcha.'
Japanese: 一方の「挽き茶」は乾燥させた茶葉を臼や薬研ですりつぶしたものを湯で溶いたもので、「抹茶」の原型といえるもの。
English: The difference between this tea and the later maccha is that the tea leaves for hikicha were grown in open-air tea plantations, and, in the Warring States Period in Japan, 'oishita chaen' (tea field covered wit shade to harvest good leaves) was invented and through improvement in mill-stone, etc. it was developed to the present maccha.
Japanese: 後の抹茶との違いは煎茶と同じく露天の茶園で栽培されたことで、戦国時代(日本)になってから宇治で「覆下茶園」が発明され、茶臼の改良などにより現在の抹茶となっていく。
English: In the past, it was said that ordinary people used senjicha and rich people maccha, but it became clear that ordinary people also used hikicha in the middle ages.
Japanese: また、従来は庶民は煎じ茶、富裕層は抹茶を飲んでいたとされていたが、中世では庶民層も挽き茶を飲んでいたことが明らかになっている。
English: It was said that 'features of the technique invented by Soen' was 'while kamairicha (green tea processed by parching in a caldron) same as in Chine was the mainstream, steaming high quality tea leaves and drying them by crumpling them in 'hoiro' (a tool used for producing tea, etc.).'
Japanese: 「宗円が発明した技法の特徴」は「それまで中国のような釜炒り茶が主流な中、良質な茶葉を蒸して、「ほいろ」で揉み上げて乾燥せた」こととされる。
English: Since the middle ages, however, teas were produced with various methods in various places in Japan including the method in which the leaves were steamed or boiled, then dried with sunlight, or using 'hoiro,' while in the early-modern times, the crumpling process was added.
Japanese: しかし、世以降、全国各地では多様な製法による茶が生産されており、茶葉を蒸したり、湯がいたものを、日光や「ほいろ」で乾燥させ、近世には「揉む」工程が加わっていた。
English: Such changes in the tea production methods were made clear through literature and material from the middle ages and early-modern times.
Japanese: こうした製茶法の変化については中世〜近世の当時の文献資料などから明らかになってきたことである。
English: Soen was not the first person to introduce a change 'from kamairicha to steaming method' and 'method to dry tea leaves by crumpling' as is said according to the lore on Soen's achievements.
Japanese: 宗円の功績の伝承で語られる「釜炒りから蒸し製へ」「茶葉を揉み乾かす工程」を宗円がはじめて導入したわけではない。
English: Judging from the structure of 'hoiro' which we can imagine from materials, up until the Meiji period, it was impossible to carry out the present method in which tea leaves are dried while continuously kneaded on a hoiro.
Japanese: また、資料から伺える「ほいろ」の構造からは、明治までは現在のようにほいろの上で茶葉を終始一貫して揉みながら乾かすという作業を行うことができなかった。
English: Up until the Edo period, hoiro was produced by sticking Japanese paper to a frame made with bamboo, and, therefore, it is said that it was impossible to be continuously knead through the use of strong pressure.
Japanese: 江戸時代までのほいろは、竹の骨組みに和紙を貼り付けたもので、耐久力の面から、その上で強い力をもって揉み通すということが不可能であったといわれる。
English: During the Meiji period, hoiro with iron framework appeared and a technique to dry the leaves on hoiro by kneading them was advanced and various schools were generated.
Japanese: 明治になり、鉄の骨組みを持つほいろが登場し、ほいろの上で揉み乾かす手揉みの技法が発達して、様々な流派が生まれていった。
English: As describe above, the method for producing tea has been continuously improved and it was not invented by a single person.
Japanese: このように、長い年月を経て製茶法は改良を重ねられたのであり、決して一人の人間によって発明されたものではない。
English: In the Edo period, sencha was widely enjoyed by literary men influenced by Chinese culture and we can say that 'aoseisencha seiho' was a peak of manufacturing method for Japanese tea reached in such cultural and economical demands.
Japanese: 江戸時代には中国文化の影響を受けた文人趣味の中で煎茶をたしなむことが流行し、「青製煎茶製法」はそうした文化的・経済的需要の中で到達した日本茶の製法のひとつの頂点であるといえる。
English: Soen's actual achievement was the pioneering of a direct sales route for tea of Ujitawara, which was a 'place of production of Uji tea' to Edo, which was a great consumption place at that time and led to establishment of the foundation of nationwide sales network for tea centering upon a mail order system.
Japanese: では実際の宗円の功績は何であるかというと、「宇治茶の産地」であった宇治田原の茶を、当時の大消費地であった江戸での直販ルートを開拓したことであり、それが現在の通信販売を中心とした全国展開される茶の販売網の礎を築くことになったのである。
English: Most people involved in the tea business in Uji, as well as people in the region tend to refuse to accept the results of such research, due to their strong wish to publicly honor Soen's achievements.
Japanese: ただ、宇治を中心とする茶業者や地元では宗円の功績を顕彰する気持ちが強いため、こうした研究成果を受け入れたがらない傾向がある。
English: As far as we cannot find any objective materials at that time on 'Soen's achievement' other than what was recorded later by the Nagatani family or the Yamamoto family (Yamamotoyama), taking mere lore as historical fact should be avoided, even to be used as propaganda for industrial purposes.
Japanese: 「宗円の功績」について後年になって当事者である永谷家や山本家（山本山）の記した文献以外に、当時の客観的資料が見いだせない以上、業界の宣伝のためとはいえ、伝承を安易に史実としてしまうことはさけるべきであろう。
English: The Sannojo family, which is a direct descendant, moved to Rokujizo, Uji City in the Meiji period and, at present, the ninth family head inherited the tea wholesaler 'Nagatani Soen.'
Japanese: 直系の子孫である三之丞家は明治に宇治市六地蔵に移転し、現在９代目が茶問屋「永谷宗園」を継いでいる。