nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1710, she became engaged to her cousin, the Imperial Prince Sadatake (a son of the Imperial Princess Yoshiko who was a younger sister of her father, the Emperor Higashiyama) and married him in 1719 when she was 20 years old.
Japanese: 宝永7年（1710年）、従弟（父東山天皇の同母妹福子内親王の子）にあたる貞建親王と婚約し、享保4年（1719年）、20歳で入輿。
English: After their marriage, she gave birth to two daughters, the Princess Michiko and the Princess Toyoko, but was not blessed with a single son, thus she officially claimed the Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Kunitada who was born to a Ie no Nyobo (a lady-in-waiting) to be her biological child.
Japanese: 入輿後は猷子女王、豊子女王の二女を儲けるが男子には恵まれず、家女房の産んだ伏見宮邦忠親王を実子と公称した。
English: Then, she was conferred Nihon (the second rank of the Imperial Princes' and Princess' rank) in 1743 and passed away in 1756 at the age of 57.
Japanese: その後、寛保3年（1743年）に二品に叙され、宝暦6年（1756年）、57歳で薨去。
English: Goshogo is a title given to a member of the Imperial family in Japan when he or she is young, and presently it is given to Emperor's children and Crown Prince's children but not to children of Miyake (families allowed to have the status of Imperial family).
Japanese: 日本の皇族の幼少時に与えられる称号で、現在は天皇の子女及び皇太子の子女に対して与えられ、宮家の子女には与えられない。
English: For the source of the kanji, scholars make selection from classical books such as Gokyo (the Five Classics texts of Confucianism) and submit several proposals to Emperor from which he chooses one to give it to a recipient.
Japanese: 漢字の出典については、五経などの古典から学者が選出し、天皇にいくつかの案を提出し、天皇が案から選んで与えることになっている。
English: The Goshogo (and the name) of Imperial Princess Aiko, the oldest daughter of Imperial Prince Naruhito who is the present Crown Prince, is said to have been chosen by the Emperor by taking into consideration of the wish of the Crown Prince and Princess.
Japanese: 現在の皇太子である徳仁親王の長女・愛子内親王の御称号（及び名）は、皇太子夫妻の意向を汲んで天皇が選んだとされている。
English: It is unknown when this custom was started, but it seems that it had already been fixed in the Edo period.
Japanese: この慣習がいつ始まったかは定かではないが、江戸時代には既に定着していたようである。
English: It is a title given by the Emperor when a son of an Imperial family establishes a Miyake (house of an imperial prince), becomes independent, and starts making his living.
Japanese: 日本の皇族男子が宮家を新設し、独立して生計を立てる際に天皇より与えられる称号。
English: Normally it is given by the Emperor when a son of an Imperial family gets married and becomes independent, but Imperial Prince Yoshihito, the second son of the Mikasanomiya family established a Miyake unmarried and was given the title of Katsuranomiya.
Japanese: 通常は皇族男子が婚姻し独立する際に天皇から賜るが、三笠宮家の次男である宜仁親王は独身のまま宮家を創設し、桂宮の称号を賜った。
English: Mikasanomiya (Although Imperial Prince Tomohito became independent and is making his living, he has no Kyugo because he is the heir to the Mikasanomiya family).
Japanese: 三笠宮（寛仁親王は独立して生計を立てているが、宮家の継承者のため宮号はない）
English: Takamadonomiya (because of the death of Imperial Prince Takamado no miya Norihito, Princess Hisako, the wife of Imperial Prince Norihito is considered to be the present head of the family).
Japanese: 高円宮（高円宮憲仁親王の薨去により、憲仁親王妃久子が当主格とされている）
English: The Imperial Prince Shogoinnomiya Yoshikoto (February 28, 1821 - September 26, 1868) was one of the Imperial Family members between the end of Edo period and the Meiji period.
Japanese: 聖護院宮嘉言親王（しょうごいんのみやよしことしんのう）、文政4年1月26日(旧暦)（1821年2月28日）-慶応4年8月11日(旧暦)（1868年9月26日））は、江戸時代末期、明治時代の日本の皇族。
English: The same year, he was adopted to the Emperor Kokaku and given the title of imperial prince and the name Yoshikoto.
Japanese: 同年、光格天皇の猶子となり、天保3年（1832年）に親王宣下を受け、嘉言（よしこと）と命名される。
English: In 1868, when the Meiji Restoration took place, he called himself Shogoinnomiya, and then he returned to secular life and called himself the Imperial Prince Yoshikoto again.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）明治維新に際し、聖護院宮（しょうごいんのみや）を称し、還俗し、再び嘉言親王を称する。
English: His brothers are as follows: the Imperial Prince Yamashinanomiya Akira, the Imperial Prince Shogoinnomiya Yoshikoto, the priestly Imperial Prince Manshuinnomiya Jonin, the Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko, a son, the Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanori, a son, the Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito, the Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, a son, a son, the Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune, the Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Satonari the Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadanaru, Ienori KIYOSU, the Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Kotohito, and the Imperial Prince Higashifushiminomiya Yorihito (The list of sisters is omitted.)
Japanese: 兄弟：山階宮晃親王-聖護院宮嘉言親王-曼殊院宮譲仁入道親王-久邇宮朝彦親王-男子-伏見宮貞教親王-男子-小松宮彰仁親王-北白川宮能久親王-男子-男子-華頂宮博経親王-北白川宮智成親王-伏見宮貞愛親王-清棲家教-閑院宮載仁親王-東伏見宮依仁親王（女子省略）
English: The Daikinban is made of gold brocade and one of the imperial standards (flags) erected at Sokui no rei (ceremony of enthronement) in the garden in front of Shishinden (hall for state ceremonies).
Japanese: 大錦旛（だいきんばん）は、即位の礼の日、紫宸殿前の庭に立てられる錦旛のひとつである。
English: The former is embroidered Yatagarasu on five colored auspicious clouds brocade, hung on a pole and put up on the south side of Nissho toban (the flag with golden sun embroidered).
Japanese: 前者は、五彩瑞雲の錦に頭八咫烏の形を黒く繍にし、戟竿に掛け、日像纛旛の南に立てる。
English: The latter is embroidered gold Reisi on five colored auspicious clouds brocade, hung on a pole and put up on the south side of Gessho toban (the flag with silver moon embroidered).
Japanese: 後者は、五彩瑞雲の錦に金色の霊鵄を繍にし、戟竿に掛け、月像纛旛の南に立てる。
English: Especially an heir to the family head of a Miyake (house of an imperial prince), usually the eldest son of the head of the family, is called xx no Wakamiya (Wakamiya of xx).
Japanese: 特に、宮家当主の嗣子（通常は当主の長男）のことを「○○若宮（○○のわかみや）」と称する。
English: Until 1947, when former Imperial families renounced their status, there had been many Miyakes and a custom to call the prince who was an heir to his father who was to succeed the Miyake, 'Wakamiya'.
Japanese: 1947年（昭和22年）に旧皇族が皇籍離脱する前までは宮家の数が多く、父宮の嗣子として宮家を継ぐべき王子をこのように称する慣習があった。
English: If the custom continued, then for example Imperial Prince Tomohito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Mikasanomiya Takahito would be called 'Mikasa no Wakamiya' and Imperial Prince Hisahito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito would be called 'Akishino no Wakamiya'.
Japanese: もしこの慣習が続いていれば、例えば三笠宮崇仁親王の長男である寬仁親王は「三笠若宮」、秋篠宮文仁親王の長男である悠仁親王は「秋篠若宮」と称することになる。
English: However, today this appellation is seldom used even by the people who are familiar with the Imperial Household system.
Japanese: しかし現在では皇室制度に詳しい人々の間でもこの呼称はほとんど用いられない。
English: The Princess Akiko (April 4, 1640 - September 12, 1676) was Midaidokoro (the legal wife) of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, the fourth Shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 顕子女王（あきこじょおう、寛永17年2月13日(旧暦)（1640年4月4日）-延宝4年8月5日(旧暦)（1676年9月12日））は、江戸幕府第4代将軍・徳川家綱の正室（御台所）。
English: Kobetsu or oson is a term that refers to shizoku (clan, family), a branch family of a royal family or imperial family, especially a family which has seceded from Japanese Imperial Family.
Japanese: 皇別（こうべつ）もしくは王孫（おうそん）とは、王家や帝家、とりわけ日本の天皇家の一門の中で臣籍降下した分流・庶流の氏族を指す言葉である。
English: Kobetsu is a term associated with the classifications of three kinds of shizokus, namely Kobetsu (descendents of Emperors and Imperial Princes), Shinbetsu (descendents of Amatsukami [god of heaven] and Kunitsukami [god of the land]), and Shoban (descendents of immigrants from Korean Peninsula, Mainland China, and other areas) described in "Shinsen Shojiroku (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), a genealogy of ancient cognate clans compiled by the Chotei (Imperial Court) in 815.
Japanese: 皇別とは弘仁6年（815年）に朝廷が編纂した古代氏族の系譜集『新撰姓氏録』が、皇別（天皇・皇子の子孫）・神別（天津神・国津神の子孫）・諸蕃（朝鮮半島・中国大陸その他から渡来した人々の子孫）の3種に氏族を分類していることにちなむ用語である。
English: Kobetsu/oson existed from the ancient times when Emperor was called Okimi (great king), and were created by giving family names to branch Imperial families whose lineage to the Emperor became remote or to children whose mothers were mistresses or concubines of the Emperor in order to prevent financial troubles and succession races.
Japanese: 皇別・王孫は天皇が大王であった古代から存在し、財政や後継者争いの防止の観点から現天皇と血筋が遠くなった傍流の皇族や、天皇の子供でも側室やめかけの子供であるものに苗字を与える形で誕生した。
English: They received a lot of respect as quasi-imperial families, but as the Fujiwara family established a political system which involved holding onto power as maternal relatives by marrying their daughters to members of the imperial family, most of the families fell into ruin during the second or third generations.
Japanese: 彼らは皇族に順ずる存在として高い尊敬を受けたが、やがて藤原家の外戚政治が確立していく中、2・3代ほどで没落する例がほとんどになった。
English: Some families which were derived from the Imperial family flourished as Toryo (leader) of samurai (warriors) in the provinces, and famous examples are Kanmu-Heishi (TAIRA clan) and Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 皇別氏族の中には地方で武士の棟梁として活躍するものもおり、桓武平氏と清和源氏はその代表例である。
English: In the 9th century, TAIRA no Masakado from Kanmu-Heishi, the 5th generation descendant of Emperor Kanmu, reigned over Kanto region as a new emperor for a short period of time.
Japanese: 9世紀には桓武天皇の5世孫である桓武平氏の平将門が新皇として短い間ではあったが関東に君臨した。
English: And it is said that the first buke (samurai family) who took control of the government in Japan was TAIRA no Kiyomori from Kanmu-Heishi.
Japanese: また日本で最初に政権を取った武家は、桓武平氏の平清盛であるとされている。
English: Seiwa-Genji established the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Kamakura after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo defeated Taira clan's head family and became widely known as a leader of buke (military authority) through controlling the east Japan for three generations.
Japanese: 清和源氏は源頼朝が平氏本家を打ち破った後鎌倉に幕府を開き、3代にわたって東日本を統治した結果、武家の盟主として広く認められるようになった。
English: Later the Ashikaga family, a branch family of the Minamoto clan established Muromachi bakufu, and partly because of the expansion of the power of bushi (warriors) and the decline of the authority and power of the Emperor, reigned over Japan as Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") and conducted foreign affairs, domestic administration, and military affairs over 15 generations for 240 years.
Japanese: 後に源氏の分家である足利家は室町幕府を開き、武士の勢力の伸張と天皇家の権威・権力の衰退にも助けられ、15代240年にわたり征夷大将軍として日本に君臨し、外交、内政、軍事を差配した。
English: In the meantime, kobetsu shizoku (families derived from the Imperial family) were established by high-ranking court nobles adopting members of the Imperial family.
Japanese: また公家の間にも引き続いて天皇家から高位の公家に養子に入る形での皇別氏族が誕生した。
English: Specifically the three families including the Konoe family after the adoption of Nobuhiro KONOE, the Ichijo family after Akiyoshi ICHIJO, and the Takatsukasa family after Sukehira TAKATSUKASA, their branch families that shares agnate blood lines and the families that adopted sons from these families are called Kobetsu Sekke (line of regents and advisers) today.
Japanese: すなわち近衛信尋以降の近衛家、一条昭良以降の一条家、鷹司輔平以降の鷹司家の3家であり、これらの分家の内男子血統で続いているものや、これらの家から養子を迎えた後男系で続いている家も含め、今日では皇別摂家と呼ばれている。
English: Being one of the branch families of the Imperial family gave the value to the family line, and not a few cases that persons pretended to be a member of Kobetsu/Oson are found in Japanese history.
Japanese: 天皇家の庶家としてその家系は価値を有しており、歴史上皇別・王孫の氏族の出であると偽ったものも少なくない。
English: According to the definition, former Imperial Families are Kobetsu/Oson, but such appellation is seldom applied to these families.
Japanese: また旧皇族も定義に従えば皇別・王孫であるが、あまりそのようには呼ばれない。
English: Koka means that an Imperial princess or a princess marries a man who is not a member of Imperial family nor the royal family.
Japanese: 降嫁（こうか）とは、皇女や王女が皇族・王族以外の男性に嫁ぐことをいう。
English: According to "the Heir Decree" in the Ritsuryo codes, an Imperial Princess should marry an Emperor or a member of Imperial family who was within the fourth generations of an Emperor, and in ancient times there was no marriage between an Imperial Princess and non-imperial family.
Japanese: 内親王の結婚相手は律令の「継嗣令」では天皇もしくは四世以上の皇族に限るとされ、古代には非皇族との結婚はなかった。
English: This is koka, and it was extremely honorable for a man to take a Princess to his wife and there were many cases of koka in the middle of the Heian period.
Japanese: これを降嫁といい、皇女を妻に貰い受けることは男性にとっては非常に名誉な事とされ、主に平安中期に多く行われた。
English: In "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji), a literary work of this period, we can find many cases of koka such as Omiya (the lawful wife of the Sadaijin [Minister of the left] and the mother of Aoi no ue [Lady Aoi]), Onna Sannomiya (the lawful wife of Hikaru Genji), Ochiba no miya (the lawful wife of Kashiwagi, who later remarried to Yugiri), and Onna Ninomiya (the lawful wife of Kaoru) and so on.
Japanese: 同時代の文学作品である『源氏物語』においても、大宮(源氏物語)（左大臣正室、葵の上の母）、女三宮（光源氏正室）、落葉の宮（柏木(源氏物語)正室、のち夕霧(源氏物語)と再婚）、女二宮（薫正室）などの例が見られる。
English: From the late Heian period to the Kamakura and the Muromachi period, koka of Imperial Princess came to an end because of the increase of nyoin (woman bestowed with the title "in") and the decrease of giving the title of Imperial Princess.
Japanese: その後は女院の増加や親王宣下の減少などにより、平安後期から鎌倉時代・室町時代にかけて、内親王の降嫁は殆ど途絶える。
English: Later, in the end of Edo period, Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako married to a Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), Iemochi TOKUGAWA and this was the only case of koka to a samurai family.
Japanese: また幕末には和宮親子内親王が征夷大将軍徳川家茂に嫁し、唯一武家への降嫁の例となった。
English: Imperial Princesses kept their Imperial family status after they married to men from non-imperial families, so they weren't identified themselves by their husbands' family names.
Japanese: なお内親王は非皇族と結婚しても、本人の皇族としての身分はそのままであり、皇族を離れて嫁ぎ先の姓を名乗ることはなかった。
English: In modern age, however, Imperial House Act provides that an Imperial Princess should leave Imperial family when she marries a man from non-imperial family.
Japanese: しかし現代は皇室典範により、非皇族との結婚に際しては皇籍離脱が定められている。
English: Although the marriage between MINAMOTO no Kiyohime, an Imperial princess of Emperor Saga, and FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa is regarded as the first case of koka, Kiyohime had already been given the name of Minamoto clan and descended to the subject status before their marriage, so the first case of marriage between an Imperial Princess and a subject is that of Imperial Princess Isoko (Kinshi), a daughter of Emperor Godaigo, and FUJIWARA no Morosuke.
Japanese: 皇女の降嫁の初例としてよく挙げられるのは、嵯峨天皇皇女源潔姫と藤原良房の婚姻であるが、潔姫の場合は結婚前に既に源氏姓を賜り臣籍に下っており、内親王と臣下が結婚した初例は醍醐天皇皇女勤子内親王と藤原師輔である。
English: However, Imperial Princess Isoko supposedly did not get permission from her father Emperor and therefore it is said that the first case of koka with an emperor's approval is that of Imperial Princess Teishi, a daughter of Emperor Sanjo.
Japanese: ただしこの時は父天皇の許可を得ていなかったと見られ、天皇により内親王の降嫁が裁可されたのは、三条天皇皇女禔子内親王の例が最初とされる。
English: The Pricess Masuko (November 28, 1711- November 9,1733) was the legal wife of Ieshige TOKUGAWA, the ninth Shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 増子女王（ますこじょおう、正徳(日本)元年10月19日(旧暦)（1711年11月28日）-享保18年10月3日(旧暦)（1733年11月9日））は江戸幕府第9代将軍・徳川家重の正室。
English: She married Ieshige in 1731, moved into nishi no maru (a castle compound to the west of the main compound) of Edo-jo Castle, then she was addressed Gorenchu-sama (the legal wife of the heir to the Shugun).
Japanese: 享保16年（1731年）、家重と婚姻し、江戸城西の丸へ入り、御廉中様（将軍世子の正室）と称された。
English: Although Masuko became pregnant in 1733, she lost the baby due to premature birth on October 18 (The child died soon after the birth.)
Japanese: 享保18年（1733年）に懐妊したものの、9月11日に早産（生まれた子はまもなく死去）。
English: Masuko was never addressed as Midaidokoro (the title used for the wife of a shogun), because she died before Ieshige became the shogun.
Japanese: なお、増子は家重の将軍就任前に没したため、御台所とは称されていない。
English: The Ippon Shinno (the first-ranked imperial prince) was the imperial prince who was granted Ippon, the highest rank (status) under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
Japanese: 一品親王（いっぽんしんのう）とは、律令制において皇親に対して与えられた最も高い品位(身位)である一品を与えられた親王のこと。
English: For Ippon Shinno, 793,360 m2 of iden (fields given according to the court rank), 800 households of honpu (a vassal household allotted to Ippon) (600 households according to "Shugaisho" [Compendium of fragments, attributed to Kinkata TOIN]) and 160 shijin (lower-rank officers provided to the imperial or noble families and used as a guard or miscellaneous services) were provided.
Japanese: 一品親王には位田80町・品封800戸（『拾芥抄』では600戸）・資人160人が支給された。
English: In addition, each one of fumihakase (an official who taught imperial princes classic Confucian writings), Ienokami (butler), Suke (servant), Oimatsurigotohito (大従), Sunaimatsurigotohito (少従), Oisokan (大書吏) and Sunaisokan (少書吏) were sent to Ippon Shinno.
Japanese: 他に文学（ふみはかせ・親王のみ）・家令（いえのかみ）・扶（すけ）・大従・少従・大書吏・少書吏各1名が家司として派遣された。
English: His position was the same as Shoichii (Senior First Rank) and Juichii (Junior First Rank), but the treatment he received was higher than for those ranks.
Japanese: 立場としては正一位・従一位と同様に扱われており、待遇としてはそれを上回った。
English: Also he was qualified to assume Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) the same as Shoichii and Juichii (But there was no Ippon Shinno who assumed Daijo-daijin during its lifetime.)
Japanese: また、正従一位と同様に太政大臣に就任する資格があった（ただし、生前に太政大臣に就任した一品親王はいない）。
English: The Honi (court rank) shows the hierarchy of Koshin (emperor's family) excluding the emperor and the crown prince, so Ippon Shinno was one of the highest rank in Koshin.
Japanese: 品位は天皇と皇太子を除く皇親の序列を示すものであり、一品親王は皇親の筆頭的な地位にあった。
English: However, since the Honi was most of time conferred based on the degree of the intimacy with the emperor, the origin of Koshin's mother, the age, the career and the other social valuation, there was no relation between the Ippon Shinno and the succession to the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: ただし、品位そのものは天皇との親疎は勿論のこと当該皇親の母親の出自や年齢、経歴、その他社会的評価に基づいて叙せられる場合が多く、一品親王と皇位継承との関連性は全く無い。
English: Rather, sometimes Ippon was granted to Koshin who had the right of succession to the Imperial Throne but were excluded as a candidate, as a compensation (ex. the Imperial Prince Tamehira, the Imperial Prince Atsuyasu).
Japanese: むしろ、皇位継承から除外された有力な皇位継承権を持つ皇親を皇位継承の断念の代償として与えられる例（為平親王・敦康親王）すら存在した。
English: The Empress Gensho was conferred Ippon just before the enthronement, and Funado no Okimi (the deposed crown prince) and the Prince Oi (the Emperor Junnin) who were the sons of both Ippon Shinno, the Imperial Prince Niitabe and the Imperial Prince Toneri (both deceased); the Imperial Prince Tokiyasu (the Emperor Koko) was the only Ippon Shinno at that time when he ascended after the Emperor Yozei's de facto dethronement.
Japanese: 元正天皇（元正天皇）は即位直前に一品を与えられたこと、孝謙天皇の後継者に擬えられた道祖王（廃太子）及び大炊王（淳仁天皇）がいずれも一品親王である新田部親王・舎人親王（いずれも故人）の子であり、陽成天皇の事実上の廃位後に立てられた時康親王（光孝天皇）は当時唯一の一品親王であった。
English: These were the examples that Ippon Shinno were involved in the succession to the Imperial Throne, but we need to remember that all of them occurred under special circumstances.
Japanese: これらは一品親王が皇位継承に関わった例であると言えるが、同時にその全てが特殊な事情があったことに留意する必要はある。
English: The Imperial Prince Hozumi and the Imperial Princess were the first case to be conferred as Ippon in 715.
Japanese: 一品に叙せられた最初の例は和銅8年（715年）に叙せられた穂積親王と氷高内親王である。
English: At that time, the abdication of the throne from the Empress Genmei to the Imperial Princess Hitaka had already been determined, and the granting Ippon was to create an environment suitable for the abdication.
Japanese: この時には元明天皇から氷高内親王への譲位が決まっておりそのための環境整備としての一品叙位であった。
English: In order to minimize the discontent in the Imperial Court for granting Ippon to a female Koshin (emperor's family), before male Koshin; it is considered that the Imperial Prince Hozumi, a prominent figure and the eldest among those existing imperial princes of the Emperor Tenmu at that time, was conferred Ippon at the same time.
Japanese: 男性皇親よりも女性皇親が先に一品を叙せられる事に対する朝廷内の反発を抑えるために当時健在であった天武天皇の皇子中最年長で太政大臣も務めた重鎮・穂積親王が同時に叙せられたと考えられている。
English: The other three who were conferred Ippon during their lifetime in the Nara period (the Imperial Prince Toneri, the Imperial Prince Niitabe and Taki no Himemiko) were all children of the Emperor Tenmu, and the Imperial Prince Toneri and the Imperial Prince Niitabe served successively at the important posts in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 奈良時代に生前に叙せられた他の3人（舎人親王・新田部親王・託基皇女）は全て天武天皇の子であり、舎人親王・新田部親王は朝廷内の要職を歴任している。
English: Since all the children of the Emperor Tenmu, except the Princess Taki who was conferred Ippon as the last existing child of the Emperor Tenmu, were born to mothers who were higher than the rank of the senior court lady; it is supposed that the status of the mothers was deeply related.
Japanese: なお、天武天皇の子女で最後の生存者として叙された多紀内親王以外はいずれも内命婦以上の高位の女性の所生であり、母親の身分も深く関与したと考えられている。
English: As conferring Ippon was socially and financially of a great meaning, the conferment during ones' lifetime was determined very carefully while the conferment after ones' deaths took place relatively frequently; the first Ippon in the Heian period was conferred to the Imperial Prince Kazurawara in 831.
Japanese: 一品叙位は社会的にも財政的にも大きな意味を有するために死後の叙位は比較的多かったものの、生存者への叙位は極めて慎重に行われ、平安時代最初の叙位は天長8年（831年）の葛原親王であった。
English: The requirements to be granted Ippon were that the prince must be in nihon (the second court rank for imperial princes) over 20 years through the Nara period to that time, if the period being in nihon was less than 20 year, the prince must be Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), the highest post for an imperial prince for a long time as well as holding appropriate career as the 'first Imperial Prince.'
Japanese: 奈良時代からこの時期を通じて、二品親王の地位に約20年以上いること、それ以下の場合には親王が就く官職で事実上最高位であった式部卿を長期にわたって務めて「第一の親王」たるに相応しい経歴を保持していること。
English: In addition, the status of the mother (the possibility to be conferred was low, unless being so-called 'kisakibara' [a child by an empress]) and the degree of intimacy with the emperor and influentials such as the Fujiwara clan were considered.
Japanese: なおかつ母親の出自（いわゆる「后腹」でなければ叙位される可能性は低かった）や天皇との親疎、藤原氏などの権力者との親疎も加味されて叙された。
English: This means that the conferring was made only for the imperial princes who were appropriate, when the capability and achievement as a 'patriarch of a head family' were expected.
Japanese: これはすなわち「宗室の長老」としての統括能力と実績が期待された場合にそれに相応しい親王のみが叙されるということであった。
English: However, there were imperial princes who fulfilled such requirements but not conferred Ippon, due to financial and political situation at that time.
Japanese: ただし、これらの条件を満たしていても当時の財政状況や政治状況などから一品に叙せられずに死亡する親王もあった。
English: On the other hand, the conferment to imperial princesses became rare, and only the Princess Gishi, sister-uterine of the Emperor Seiwa who was a grandchild of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, was conferred Ippon during her lifetime in the ninth century.
Japanese: 一方内親王の場合は、叙位自体が珍しくなり、9世紀に生前に一品に叙されたのは、藤原良房を祖父に持つ清和天皇の同母姉妹の儀子内親王のみであった。
English: During the Sekkanseiji Period (the period of Sekkan [regents and advisers] govern the country), most of the emperor's children except children by empresses demoted from nobility to subject; the requirements for conferring Ippon came to emphasized more on their relationship with the emperor and regents, and less on a career in Nihon.
Japanese: 摂関政治期になると、后腹以外の天皇の子女は臣籍降下する例がほとんどとなり、一品叙位の条件も二品の経歴よりも天皇や摂関との関係が重視されるようになった。
English: Also, there were cases such as the Imperial Prince Tamehira and the Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, who had the advantage over the succession to the Imperial Throne, but they had to give up and they were granted Ippon as a compensation (A case of conferring Ippon to the Imperial Prince Kaneakira [MINAMOTO no Kaneakira, former Minister of the Left] can be said as a similar case that he had to return to the Imperial Family because of the Fujiwara clan's strategy.)
Japanese: また、為平親王や敦康親王のように皇位継承において優位だった親王が皇位を断念せざるを得なくなった代償に授けられるケースが生じた（藤原氏の策動で皇籍に復帰させられた兼明親王（元左大臣源兼明）の一品叙位も近似の例と言える）。
English: The cases of conferring Ippon to particularly imperial princesses, especially grandchildren or great-grandchildren of FUJIWARA no Michinaga increased (Among the children who were conferred between the Emperor Daigo and the Emperor Gosuzaku, four male per nine female which four within were the imperial princesses of the grandchildren or great-grandchildren of Michinaga.)
Japanese: 特に内親王への一品、とりわけ藤原道長の孫や曾孫に対する叙位が多く見られるようになる（醍醐天皇から後朱雀天皇までの子女のうち一品に叙されたのが男性4名に対して女性9名でうち4名が道長の孫あるいは曾孫にあたる内親王であった）。
English: In this way, the importance of Ippon Shinno rapidly disappeared, and transformed to the treatment allowance to the imperial princes and princesses who were patronized by the emperor or maternal relatives.
Japanese: こうして一品親王の重要性は急速に失われていき、天皇・あるいは外戚の庇護を受けた親王・内親王への待遇付与へと変質することになった。