nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: From the above evidence, it has been recently considered that the correct reading of the name is 'Yamauchi.'
Japanese: これらの点から最近では「やまうち」と訓むのが正しいのではないかと考えられている。
English: Next, regarding the pronunciation of his given name, it is conventionally read as 'Kazutoyo' but is actually thought to be read 'Katsutoyo,' judging from the pronunciation of subordinates who received the use of a character from his name.
Japanese: 次に「一豊」の読みについては一般的には「かずとよ」と訓まれてきたが、一豊が偏諱を家臣に与えた際の訓みから「かつとよ」であると実際には考えられている。
English: The production team of the 2006 NHK Historical drama series, "Komyogatsuji" (Crossroads of a Great Achievement) deliberated until the last moment about which pronunciation, 'Katsutoyo' or 'Kazutoyo,' should be used.
Japanese: 2006年に放送された大河ドラマ『功名が辻(NHK大河ドラマ)』では、「かつとよ」「かずとよ」いずれの読みとするか製作サイドでも最後まで問題となった。
English: The team settled on 'Kazutoyo YAMAUCHI.' according to the message fom the current Yamauchi family, 'Please use the name that is familiar to most people.'
Japanese: これについて、現在の山内家より「親しまれている名前で呼んでやってください」とのメッセージがあり「やまうちかずとよ」と読むことになったという。
English: He was born in Kurodajo Castle (Owari Province), the residential castle of the Yamauchi family located in Kuroda, Haguri District, Owari Province (currently Kuroda, Kisogawa-cho, Ichinomiya City, Aichi Prefecture).
Japanese: 尾張国葉栗郡黒田（現在の愛知県一宮市木曽川町黒田）にある山内家の居城であった黒田城(尾張国)に生まれる。
English: The Yamauchi family was then under the protection of the Oda clan (the head was Nobuyasu ODA, subsequently Nobukata ODA) of Iwakurajo Castle (Owari Province), and his father, Moritoyo, was a chief vassal.
Japanese: 当時山内家は岩倉城(尾張国)織田氏（当主は織田信安、のち織田信賢）の配下であり、父・盛豊は家老として仕えていた。
English: However, the Iwakura Oda clan opposed its kin, powerful Nobunaga ODA, and the Yamauchi family was drawn into this conflict as a chief vassal.
Japanese: ところが岩倉織田氏は同族の有力者・織田信長と対立し、家老である山内家もこれに巻き込まれる。
English: First, in 1557, Kuroda-jo Castle was attacked by pirates (thought to be in league with Nobunaga ODA) and his elder brother Juro was killed, and in 1559, their lord's residential castle Iwakurajo Castle fell; it is very likely that his father Moritoyo was killed or committed suicide here.
Japanese: まず弘治_(日本)3年（1557年）に兄十郎が盗賊（織田信長の手勢であるといわれる）に黒田城を襲撃された際に討死、さらに永禄2年（1559年）に主家の居城・岩倉城が落城、この際に父・盛豊が討死ないし自刃した可能性が高い。
English: Katsutoyo himself initially worked for the lord of Kariyasukajo Castle (Ichinomiya City) Masasada AZAI, and the lord of Matsukurajo Castle (Owari Province) (Kakamigahara City, Gifu Prefecture) Nagayasu MAENO, then left Owari and worked for the lord of Makimurajo Castle in Mino Province (Anpachi-cho, Anpachi-gun, Gifu Prefecture) Masatomo MAKIMURA, and the lord of Omi Province Seta-jo Castle (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) Kagetaka YAMAOKA.
Japanese: 一豊自身は当初は苅安賀城（一宮市）主・浅井政貞、松倉城(尾張国)（岐阜県各務原市）主・前野長康、その後尾張を出て美濃国牧村城（岐阜県安八郡安八町）主・牧村政倫や近江国勢多城（滋賀県大津市）主・山岡景隆に仕えるなどした。
English: Around 1568, he worked for Nobunaga ODA and became yoriki (police sergeant) of Hideyoshi KINOSHITA (later Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).
Japanese: しかし永禄11年（1568年）頃には織田信長に仕え、木下秀吉（のちの豊臣秀吉）の与力となったと考えられる。
English: In September and October 1573, he fought in the Battle of Tonezaka against the Asakura clan, and even though his face was seriously injured, he killed the enemy warrior Tameyuki MITAZAKI..
Japanese: 天正元年（1573年）8月の朝倉氏との刀禰坂の戦いにも参加し顔に重傷を負いながらも敵将三段崎為之を討ち取った。
English: The arrow that pierced Katsutoyo's cheek became the family treasure of the descendants of his retainer Tamekiyo GOTO, who pulled the arrow out, and is currently owned by the Folk Heritage Museum in Aki City, Kochi Prefecture.
Japanese: このとき一豊の頬に刺さったと伝えられる矢はこのとき矢を抜いた郎党の五藤為浄の子孫が家宝とし、現在高知県安芸市の歴史民俗資料館に所蔵されている。
English: The marriage to his wife, who was known as Kenshoin, probably occurred sometime between the Genki era (1570) and Tensho era (1573).
Japanese: 「山内一豊の妻」こと見性院(山内一豊室)との結婚は、元亀年間から天正元年（1573年）の間であったと見られる。
English: Due to these achievements, he was given 400 koku (a quantity of rice to feed one person for one year) in Karakuni, Asai District, Omi Province (currently Torahime-cho, Higashiazai-gun).
Japanese: これらの功績により、近江国浅井郡唐国（現在の東浅井郡虎姫町域）で400石を与えられた。
English: At this time, Hideyoshi hardly had any retainers for himself, so Katsutoyo changed his position to become Hideyoshi's own direct vassal.
Japanese: この際に秀吉自身が自身の郎党をほとんど持たないことから彼の直臣に立場を変えたと考えられる。
English: Considering the fact that his colleagues Nagamasa ASANO, Yoshiharu HORIO and Kazuuji NAKAMURA received about 100 koku level at the same time, he was one step ahead with 400 koku.
Japanese: なお、400石という禄は同僚であった浅野長政・堀尾吉晴・中村一氏らが同じ時期に100石台であったことから、彼らより一歩先に出るものであった。
English: Then, in 1577 he was given 2000 koku in Une, Harima Province (within Akaho City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: この後天正5年（1577年）には播磨国有年（兵庫県赤穂市内）を中心に2000石を領している。
English: Later, he joined Hideyoshi's invasion of the Chugoku region and fought in the battle over Mikijo Castle at Harima (the Battle of Mikijo Castle) and the siege of Tottori-jo Castle in Inaba Province.
Japanese: その後も秀吉の中国地方経略に加わり、播磨の三木城を巡る戦い（三木合戦）や因幡国の鳥取城包囲などに参加している。
English: In the preliminary battle of the Battle of Shizukatake in 1583, he had the honor of being the first one to reach the enemy at the attack on Kameyamajo Castle (Ise Province) (Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 天正11年（1583年）の賤ケ岳の戦いでは、その前哨である亀山城(伊勢国)（三重県亀山市）攻めで一番乗りの手柄をあげている。
English: The next year (1584) he participated in the battles of Komaki and Nagakute and was instructed by Hideyoshi to construct the tsukejiro (front line base) in order to surround Ieyasu.
Japanese: また、翌12年（1584年）の小牧・長久手の戦いの参加の際には秀吉から命じられて家康を包囲するための付城（前線基地）構築に当たっている。
English: Later, in 1585, he became the chief vassal of Hideyoshi's nephew, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, and later became the lord of Takahama-jo Castle, Wakasa Province; before long, he became the lord of Omi Nagahama-jo Castle (Omi Province) and received 20,000 koku.
Japanese: この後秀吉の甥・豊臣秀次の宿老となり天正13年（1585年）には若狭国高浜城主、まもなく近江長浜城(近江国)主となり2万石を領した。
English: At that time, Yoshimasa TANAKA, Yoshiharu HORIO, Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Naosue HITOTSUYANAGI were chief vassals of Hidetsugu.
Japanese: この時期に同じく秀次の宿老に列した中に田中吉政・堀尾吉晴・中村一氏・一柳直末らがいる。
English: In 1590, he participated in the Battle of Odawara, and attacked Yamanaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）の小田原の陣にも参戦し、山中城攻めに参加している。
English: Together with the Sunpu-jo Castle lord Kazuuji NAKAMURA, who ruled the land across the river, Katsutoyo constructed dikes and changed the flow of the Oi River, which frequently caused floods.
Japanese: 更に洪水の多かった大井川の堤防の建設や流路の変更を川向いを領する駿府城主・中村一氏とともに行っている。
English: During the Bunroku-Keicho War, he was exempt from war duty like other feudal lord of the chief-vassal class of Hidetsugu, but he provided manpower for building war ships and constructing Fushimi-jo Castle.
Japanese: また文禄・慶長の役には他の秀次の宿老格であった諸大名と同じく出兵を免れたが、軍船の建造や伏見城の普請などを担当して人夫を供出している。
English: In 1595, Hidetsugu was executed under suspicion of treason, while Shigeaki WATARASE, an advisor to Hidetsugu along with Katsutoyo, being forced to commit ritual suicide when he became involved in this incident and tried to defend Hidetsugu.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）には秀次が謀反の疑いで処刑され、一豊と同じく秀次付き重臣であった渡瀬繁詮はこの事件に関わって秀次を弁護したために切腹させられた。
English: However, Katsutoyo and the other chief vassals (Tanaka, Nakamura and Horio) continued taking the position of having nothing to do with the incident and managed to avoid punishment.
Japanese: しかし一豊は他の宿老の田中・中村・堀尾らとともに無関係の立場を貫き、連座を免れた。
English: After Hideyoshi's death in 1600, he participated in the subjugation of Kagekatsu UESUGI following one of the Council of Five Elders, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and when one of the five major magistrates, Mitsunari ISHIDA raised his forces while Ieyasu was away, Katsutoyo joined the eastern forces.
Japanese: 秀吉の死後の慶長5年（1600年）には五大老の徳川家康に従って会津の上杉景勝の討伐に参加し、家康の留守中に五奉行の石田三成らが挙兵すると東軍に与している。
English: At this time, when many of the warriors were determining whether to join the western forces or the eastern forces during the war council called the Koyama Counci at Shimotsuke Province, Koyama-jo Castle, Katsutoyo immediately offered his residential castle, Kakegawa-jo Castle, to Ieyasu and gained his favor.
Japanese: この最中、一豊は下野国小山城における軍議（いわゆる「小山評定」）で諸将が東軍西軍への去就に迷う中、真っ先に自分の居城である掛川城を家康に提供する旨を発言しその歓心を買っている。
English: The plan to provide his castle was originally proposed by Takauji HORIO when they were discussing in advance, but Katsutoyo borrowed it (Hakuseki ARAI, "Hankanpu" (Genealogy of the Protectors of the Shogunate).
Japanese: この居城を提供する案は堀尾忠氏と事前に協議した際に堀尾が提案したものを盗んだといわれる（新井白石『藩翰譜』）。
English: It is true that Katsutoyo was actively wooing the people around him to join the eastern forces because other Tokaido feudal lords, particularly the older generation, were losing power since Kazuuji NAKAMURA was near death and Takauji's father, Yoshiharu HORIO, was seriously injured after an attack by a would-be assassin.
Japanese: ただし東海道筋の他の大名である中村一氏が死の床にあり、同じく忠氏の父堀尾吉晴も刺客に襲われて重傷を負うなど老練な世代が行動力を失っているなかで周辺の勢力が東軍につくよう一豊が積極的にとりまとめていたことは事実である。
English: Terumasa IKEDA, the lord of Yoshida-jo Castle in Mikawa Province also had frequent contact with Katsutoyo, and it is assumed that they discussed the issues at hand.
Japanese: 三河国吉田城(三河国)主の池田輝政などもこの時期、一豊とたびたび接触しており、なんらかの打ち合わせをしていると考えられる。
English: Although he didn't make a prominent contribution during the battle, his achievements prior to the fight were highly recognized and he received the Tosa Province worth 98,000 koku (a koku number submitted by the Chosokabe clan at the Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), which was later accounted as 202,600 koku from a land survey by the Yamauchi clan).
Japanese: さしたる手柄はなかったものの戦前の功績を高く評価され土佐国一国・9万8000石（太閤検地時に長宗我部氏が提出した石高、のちに山内氏自身の検地で20万2,600石余の石高を申告）を与えられた。
English: In 1601, his land was transferred from Kakegawa to Tosa and he made a triumphal entry into Urato-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長6年（1601年）に領地を掛川から土佐に移封となり浦戸城に入城する。
English: The feudal lords who had received much larger amounts of land and came from a different place usually hired many of the former local vassals because they had problems filling the ranks.
Japanese: 大幅な加増があり余所から入部してきた大名はただでさえ人手も足りなくなるので地元の元家臣を大量に雇用するのが常であったが、
English: The former Chosokabe clan warriors were mainly the cultivators who were allowed to arm themselves who rebelled against the new lord and caused many battles within Tosa Province (such as in demanding the return of the former lord, Morichika CHOSOKABE).
Japanese: 一領具足を中心とした旧長宗我部氏の武士の多くは新領主に反発し土佐国内で多くの紛争（旧主長宗我部盛親の復帰を求めるなど）を起こした。
English: In response, Katsutoyo used people from other places for important positions and dared to use military force such as the attack at Tanezaki Beach.
Japanese: これに対し一豊は重要なポストを外部からの人材で固め、種崎浜での討伐などあくまで武断措置を取ってこれに対応した。
English: Thus there was the danger of assassination, and he took five body doubles with him when he inspected sites such as castle construction (the existence of body doubles was confidential and usually not recorded, but Katsutoyo's case is a rarity in that it is clearly recorded).
Japanese: この為に命を狙われる危険性があり、築城の際などには5人の影武者と共に現地を視察した（影武者の存在などは機密事項であったため通常記録には残らないが、一豊の場合には明記されている稀有な事例）。
English: This left problems throughout the province, and this issue of former Yamauchi family vassals being in higher positions and former Chosokabe clan vassals being discriminated against as country samurai continued until the end of the Edo period, ultimately leading to the birth of people such as Ryoma SAKAMOTO.
Japanese: 各地にくすぶりを残しこの課題（以前からの山内家家臣を上士、旧長宗我部氏の家臣を郷士とした差別的扱い）は次代から幕末になるまで引き継がれ坂本龍馬などの人物が生まれることになる。
English: He built Kochi-jo Castle on Mt. Odakasa on the plain of Kochi as the center of administration by inviting Tsunaie DODO, who was a master-less samurai after the Battle of Sekigahara, to serve as magistrate with 7,000 koku, and completed the castle town in 1603.
Japanese: また高知平野内の大高坂山に統治の中心拠点として高知城を築城し（奉行は関ヶ原の戦いの後浪人となった百々綱家を7000石で招聘、慶長8年（1603年）完成）、城下町の整備を行った。
English: His people roasted the surface, and claimed that it was not raw in order to eat bonito.
Japanese: それに対し、領民がかつおの表面のみをあぶって刺身ではないと言い食すようになった。
English: Shobozan Myoshin-ji Temple Daitsu-in in Hanazono Myoshinji-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City (his remains are in the grave at Nichirinzan Shinnyo-ji Temple, so only his ihai (mortuary tablet) is located at Myoshin-ji Temple Daitsu-in).
Japanese: 京都市右京区花園妙心寺町の正法山妙心寺大通院（遺骨があるのは日輪山真如寺の墓所、妙心寺大通院には位牌のみ）。
English: 1573: He received 400 koku in Karakuni, Omi Province (Karakuni, Torahime-cho, Higashiazai-gun, Shiga Prefecture).
Japanese: 天正元年（1573年）、近江国唐国（滋賀県東浅井郡虎姫町唐国）に400石を領す。
English: 1577: 700 koku was addded in Une, Harima Province (Une, Akaho City, Hyogo Prefecture)
Japanese: 天正3年（1577年）、播磨国有年（兵庫県赤穂市有年）に700石を加増。
English: October 21, 1582: 500 koku was added in Innami District, Harima Province (Southern Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: 天正10年9月25日(旧暦)（1582年10月21日）、播磨国印南郡（兵庫県南部地域）に500石を加増。
English: September 16, 1583: 361 koku was added in Shimeno, Kawachi Province (Kinyahonmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture)
Japanese: 天正11年8月1日(旧暦)（1583年9月16日）、河内国禁野（大阪府枚方市禁野本町あたり）に361石を加増。
English: October 1584: He became the lord of Nagahama-jo Castle in Omi Province and owned 5,000 koku.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）9月、近江国長浜城主となって、5,000石を領す。
English: June 29, 1585: He became the lord of Takahama-jo Castle in Wakasa Province and owned 19,870 koku.
Japanese: 天正13年6月2日(旧暦)（1585年6月29日）、若狭国高浜城主となって1万9,870石を領す。
English: October 21, 1585: Owned 20,000 koku as lord of Nagahama-jo Castle in Omi Province.
Japanese: 8月21日(旧暦)（10月21日）、近江国長浜城主となって2万石を領す。
English: October or November 1585 – May or June 1586: He was appointed Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and Chief of the Province of Tsushima ("Kazutoyo Koki" (Biography of Kazutoyo YAMANOUCHI)).
Japanese: 天正13年（1585年）9月～天正14年（1586年）4月　正五位下対馬守に叙任（『一豊公記』）。
English: An opinion has it that since most of his peers who were vassals of Toyotomi were appointed Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at this time, this might be a written error of Jugoinoge rather than Shogoinoge.
Japanese: なお豊臣家臣で一豊と同格の人物の多くは当時従五位下に叙せられているため、正五位下ではなく従五位下の誤記ではないかとの説もある。
English: October 21, 1590: He became the lord of Kakegawa-jo Castle, Totoumi Province and owned 50,000 koku.
Japanese: 天正18年9月20日(旧暦)（1590年10月21日）、遠江国掛川城主として5万石を領す。
English: November 22, 1590: He became the daikan (governor) of Ichimiya, Shuchi District, Totoumi Province (Ichimiya, Shuchi-gun Mori-machi, Shizuoka Prefecture) and owner of 19,980 koku.
Japanese: さらに10月25日(旧暦)（11月22日）、遠江国周智郡一宮（静岡県周智郡森町一宮）1万9980石の代官にもなる。
English: November 2, 1594: 1,000 koku was added in Suzuka District, Ise Province (Suzuka City, Mie Prefecture)
Japanese: 文禄3年9月21日(旧暦)（1594年11月2日）、伊勢国鈴鹿郡（三重県鈴鹿市）で1,000石加増。
English: August 26, 1595: 8,000 koku was added from Hidetsugu TOTOMI's territory in Totoumi Province
Japanese: 文禄4年7月15日(旧暦)（1595年8月26日）、遠江国内の豊臣秀次所有の蔵入地より8,000石を加増。
English: December 1600 or January 1601: He became the feudal lord of Tosa Province, with 98,000 koku (later surveyed as 202,600 koku).
Japanese: 慶長5年（1600年）11月、土佐国内9万8,000石（後の検地で20万2,600石）を領有する大名となる。
English: He was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) on May 6, 1603 and transferred to Tosa no kami (the governor of Tosa Province) ("Tokugawa jikki" (The True Tokugawa Records)).
Japanese: 慶長8年3月25日(旧暦)（1603年5月6日）、従四位下に昇叙し、土佐守に転任する（『徳川実紀』）。
English: Kenshoin or Chiyo, Matsu was Katsutoyo's wife who was considered to be a clever woman who supported her husband and used her dowry (some say savings she had put away, even though they were poor) and bought a fine horse (Meibaichiran Kagami Kurige).
Japanese: 一豊の妻である見性院（千代、まつ）は夫を「内助の功」で助けた賢妻とされており、嫁入りの持参金（貧しいながらも貯めたへそくりとの説もある）で名馬（名馬一覧鏡栗毛）を買った。
English: This story was commonly used in textbooks during the pre-World War II period and used in school education to exemplify the ideal woman.
Japanese: この逸話は特に戦前日本において教科書に採りあげられ、女性のあるべき姿として学校教育に用いられた。
English: It isn't known if this is true, but she is known as the person after whom 'Chiyogami' or Japanese paper with colored figures is named.
Japanese: 真偽の程は定かではないが、千代紙の由来になった人物としても知られている。
English: Norihide AKAMATSU (year of birth unknown - November 6, 1600) was a person in the Azuchi-Momoyama period and he was believed to be the last family head of the Akamatsu clan, a distinguished family in Harima Province.
Japanese: 赤松則英（あかまつのりひで、生年不詳-慶長5年10月1日(旧暦)（1600年11月6日））は安土桃山時代の人物で、播磨国の名門赤松氏最後の当主とされる。
English: In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he took sides with the West squad and took charge of guarding Hirano-guchi gateway from Tennoji, Osaka.
Japanese: 1600年の関ケ原の戦いでは西軍に与し、大坂天王寺より平野口の警備を受け持った。
English: However, the Sawayama-jo Castle was attacked by Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA and others who switched to the East squad and it fell.
Japanese: しかし、東軍に寝返った小早川秀秋らの攻撃を受けて佐和山城は落城した。
English: Takatoyo REIZEI (1513 - 1551) was jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Saemon no shojo (Jr. Lieutenant of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards).
Japanese: 冷泉隆豊（れいぜいたかとよ、永正10年（1513年）-天文(元号)20年（1551年））従五位下左衛門少尉。
English: The family started when his ancestor, whose mother's side of the family was a kugyo (court noble) of the Reizei family, took the name on the mother's side and called himself the Reizei family.
Japanese: 母方を公卿の冷泉家とする祖先が、母姓を冒して冷泉姓を称したことにはじまる。
English: In 1542 he followed Yoshitaka and he joined an expedition to Izumo with Motonari MORI and others to fight their opponent the Amago clan, but the entire army took flight.
Japanese: 天文十一年、義隆に従い、毛利元就らと共に敵対する尼子氏の出雲に遠征するが、全軍敗走した。
English: After that, when a conflict between the Bunchi-ha (non-military party) consisted of the lord Yoshitaka, Taketo SAGARA and others and the Budan-ha (a political faction that is willing to resort to military means to achieve its aims) consisted of Harukata SUE and others became serious, Takatoyo struggled to serve as go-between in order to avoid a riot of both parties.
Japanese: その後は主君・義隆や相良武任らの文治派と陶晴賢らの武断派の衝突が深刻化すると、両者の暴発を回避しようと、その仲介に奔走する。
English: It is said that, just before Harukata raised a rebellion, Takatoyo proposed Yoshitaka to kill the criminal Harukata but his proposal was not accepted.
Japanese: 晴賢が謀反を起こす直前、義隆に晴賢を誅殺するように進言したが、容れられなかったと言われている。
English: It was said that Takatoyo was a person having both wisdom and courage, not only excelling in bravery but also being proficient in waka poetry.
Japanese: 隆豊は武勇に秀でていただけではなく、和歌にも堪能であった智勇兼備の士と言われている。
English: His child, Mototoyo REIZEI, served the Mori clan and served as Jodai (the keeper of castle) of Moji-jo Castle, but in 1562 he was killed on the battle field by attack from the Otomo clan.
Japanese: 子の冷泉元豊は毛利氏に仕え、門司城の城代をつとめたが、1562年、大友氏の攻撃により討死した。
English: Mototsuna KUTSUKI (1549 - October 12, 1632) was a daimyo who lived from the later Muromachi period to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 朽木元綱（くつきもとつな、天文(元号)18年（1549年）-寛永9年8月29日(旧暦)（1632年10月12日））は、室町時代後期・江戸時代初期の大名。
English: He became caught up in the tide of the turbulent age Sengoku, like when he submitted hostages and so on at the time of Nagamasa AZAI's invasion of Takashima County in 1566.
Japanese: 1566年の浅井長政による高島郡侵攻に際しては、人質を差し出す等、戦国の潮流に翻弄されはじめる。
English: He signed kishomon (sworn oath) with Hisamasa AZAI and his son Nagamasa in December 1568 (old calendar), but abrogated it soon.
Japanese: 1568年12月には、浅井久政・長政父子と起請文を交わしたが、まもなくこれを破棄している。
English: In attacking Asakura in 1570 he assisted in Kutuski-goe (Nobunaga ODA's withdrawal to Kyoto through Kutsuki valley), and after that he served the Oda family and under Nobunaga's command he was assigned to Kazumasa ISONO and Nobuzumi ODA after Kazumasa was cast out, but seems not to have been treated well by Nobunaga judging from the fact that he was dismissed from the post of bailiff in 1579.
Japanese: 1570年の朝倉攻めにおいては織田信長の京都撤退（朽木越え）を助けて、その後は織田家に仕え、信長麾下として、磯野員昌、その追放後は織田信澄に配されているが、1579年には代官を罷免されているので、信長からの厚遇は受けていなかったようである。
English: After Nobunaga's death he served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and was assigned as the governor of the land directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi in Omi Takashima County and Ano county, Ise Province, joined the Siege of Odawara, and was approved for land ownership of Kutsuki-dani twenty thousand koku (approximately 3.6 million liters of crop yield)
Japanese: 信長の死後は、豊臣秀吉に仕え、伊勢安濃郡・近江高島郡内の蔵入地の代官に任ぜられ、小田原の陣にも参加、任朽木谷2万石を安堵されている。
English: At the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 he joined the West squad following Yoshitsugu OTANI at first but switched to the East squad along with Yasuharu WAKISAKA, Suketada OGAWA and Naoyasu AKAZA in concert with Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA.
Japanese: 1600年の関ヶ原の戦いでは、当初は大谷吉継に従って西軍に属したものの、小早川秀秋に呼応して脇坂安治や小川祐忠、赤座直保らとともに東軍に寝返った。
English: After the war he had his territory diminished (to 9550 koku; about 1.7 million liters of crop yield) for not unveiling the secret communication but returned to daimyo later.
Japanese: 戦後、通款を明らかにしなかったとの理由により減封（9550石)されたが、のち大名に復帰している。
English: After Mototsuna was dead, because his property inheritance was divided into his three sons, Nobutsuna KUTSUKI, Tomotsuna KUTSUKI and Tanetsuna KUTSUKI (the lord of Tsuchiura clan), the head family of the Kutsuki family was disqualified from the position of daimyo and demoted to hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 元綱の死後、その遺領は朽木宣綱・朽木友綱、朽木稙綱(土浦藩主)の3子に分割したために、朽木宗家は大名の資格を失って旗本（6300余石）となった。
English: However, because Mototsuna's youngest son Tanetsuna procured confidence of Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the eastern barbarians") Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and became daimyo under his patronage, a phenomenon that the territory of the branch line of the Kutsuki family was larger than that of the main line took place.
Japanese: だが、末子の稙綱が、征夷大将軍徳川家光の信頼を受けて大名として取り立てられたために、嫡流よりも庶流のほうが所領が上回るという現象が起きている。
English: Harutsuna KUTUKI (1518 - 1550) was Mototsuna KUTSUKI's father.
Japanese: 朽木晴綱（くつきはるつな、永正15年（1518年）-天文(元号)19年（1550年））は朽木元綱の父。
English: In Kutsuki-dani, he and his family harbored several Ashikaga shoguns who were driven out of Kyoto by the Hosokawa clan or the Miyoshi clan like Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA in 1507, Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA in 1528, and two more cases in 1551 after Harutsuna died.
Japanese: 足利義澄（永正4年（1507年））、足利義晴（享禄元年（1528年）、晴綱の死後の天文20年（1551年）の2回）といった細川氏や三好氏に京都から追われた足利将軍を朽木谷で保護した。
English: However, in 1550 when he fought in Tawarayama of Kawakami-sho, Takashima county with Takashima Ecchu no kami (Governor of Ecchu Province) from the Takashima clan, who was the head family of the Kutsuki clan, he died in the war.
Japanese: しかし、1550年、朽木氏の本家である高島氏の高島越中守と高島郡河上荘俵山で戦い、戦死した。
English: Nagamasa KURODA was a busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early part of the Edo period.
Japanese: 黒田長政（くろだながまさ）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期にかけての武将・大名である。
English: He was the eldest son of Yoshitaka (Kanbee, Josui) KURODA, who was legendary strategist for Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の軍師として仕えた事で有名な黒田孝高（官兵衛、如水）の長男。
English: In exchange for performing the greatest military exploits in the Battle of Sekigahara, he was granted the Fukuoka Domain of Chikuzen Province, which yielded 523,000 koku in rice, and became its first lord.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いで一番の武功を挙げたことから、筑前福岡藩52万3000石高を与えられ、その初代藩主となった。
English: He was born on December 31, 1568, at the Himeji-jo Castle in Harima Province, as the legitimate son of Yoshitaka KURODA.
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）12月3日、黒田孝高の嫡男として播磨国姫路城に生まれる。
English: Since 1577, he lived in the Nagahama-jo Castle of Omi Province, the residential castle of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (later Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), a vassal of the Oda family, as a hostage of Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 天正5年（1577年）から織田信長の人質として、織田家家臣の羽柴秀吉（のちの豊臣秀吉）の居城・近江国長浜城(近江国)にて過ごした。
English: In 1578, when Murashige ARAKI, who once surrendered to Nobunaga, led a rebellion against Nobunaga (the Battle of Arioka-jo Castle), the father, Yoshitaka, entered Itami-jo Castle in order to persuade Murashige but was instead confined.
Japanese: 天正6年（1578年）、信長に一度降伏した荒木村重が信長に反旗を翻したとき（有岡城の戦い）、父の孝高は村重を説得する為に伊丹城に乗り込んで拘束された。
English: When Yoshitaka did not return for a long time, Nobunaga thought he had defected to Murashige's side and therefore tried to execute Nagamasa, but he escaped death thanks to the wit of Shigeharu TAKENAKA.
Japanese: この時、信長は孝高がいつまでたっても戻ってこない為、村重方に寝返ったと考えて長政を処刑しようとしたが、竹中重治の機転により、一命を助けられている。
English: In 1582, he fought against the Mori clan from the Chugoku region (the Battle of Bicchu Takamatsu-jo Castle), following Hideyoshi's attack on Takamatsu-jo Castle (Bicchu Province).
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）には秀吉の高松城(備中国)攻めに従い、中国地方の毛利氏と戦った（備中高松城の戦い）。
English: In June (old lunar calendar) 1582, when Nobunaga died in the Honnoji Incident, he became a vassal of Hideyoshi, along with his father.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）6月、本能寺の変で信長が死去すると、父と共に秀吉の家臣となる。