nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After 1081, a fire attack against Onjo-ji Temple by monk-soldiers from Enryaku-ji Temple occurred.
Japanese: 永保元年（1081年）以降は延暦寺の僧兵による園城寺焼き討ち事件が起こっている。
English: As the authority of the temples and shrines became secular, people often wanted to be internally saved, feeling the mood of Mappo.
Japanese: こうした寺社権力の世俗化に対し、人びとはかえってそこに末法を感じて内面的な救済を求めることも多かった。
English: As patriotism through Buddhism was widespread, honji suijaku setsu (theory of original reality and manifested traces) that god turned into Buddha spread further.
Japanese: 仏教による護国思想がいきわたるなかで、神は仏の化身であるという本地垂迹説がいっそう広がった。
English: Kasuga Taisha Shrine, the private deity of the Fujiwara clan was united with Kofuku-ji Temple, which is an uji-dera temple (temple built for praying for the clan's glory) of the Fujiwara clan, due to the development of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.
Japanese: 藤原氏の氏神である春日大社は、神仏習合の進展により、氏寺である興福寺と一体のものとなっていった。
English: Direct petitions were often filed by the monk-soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple from the end of the 11th century.
Japanese: 11世紀末から興福寺衆徒らによる強訴がしばしば行われるようになった。
English: Also, after 1093, 'shinboku-doza,' in which shinboku [sacred tree] to which the divine spirit shifted, was brought and presented to the capital, was often held.
Japanese: 寛治7年（1093年）以降、春日社の神霊を移した神木（榊）を奉じて上洛する「神木動座」もたびたび行われた。
English: On the other hand, 'mikoshi doza,' in which a direct petition was filed by monk-soldiers of Enryaku-ji Temple carrying mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals) of Hiyoshi-Taisha Shrine, began in 1095.
Japanese: 一方、延暦寺の僧兵たちが日吉大社の神輿を奉じて強訴する「神輿動座」は嘉保2年（1095年）にはじまった。
English: Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha) in Kii Province, Mt. Yamato Katsuragi, Mt. Kinpu, in Yamato Province, Mt. Omine in Yamato Province, and Dewa Sanzan (Three Mountains of Dewa) in Dewa Province turned into the central place for Shugendo.
Japanese: 紀伊の熊野三山はじめ、大和国の大和葛城山・金峰山・大峰山、出羽国の出羽三山などは特にその中心として、修験の活動の場となった。
English: In fact, the seekers, so-called hijiri or shonin who had left their religious community or temples, and went into the mountain forest or wandered from place to place resumed their own activities; they spread the Jodo sect the most.
Japanese: こうした浄土教の普及に力があったのは、むしろ既成の教団や寺院から離れ、山林に入り、あるいは遍歴して独自の活動を展開した聖、あるいは上人とよばれた求道者であった。
English: The hijiri were in charge of money related to students who attended temples for study.
Japanese: 聖は、寺院において学問をむねとする学徒に対し、寺院経済を支える禅徒の立場にあった。
English: They often had a place called a Bessho for their activities, apart from the existing temples.
Japanese: 既成の寺院から離れて別所と呼ばれる地をその活動拠点とすることが多かった。
English: While the hijiri mainly underwent training in mountain forest, or wandered among various provinces, they obtained respect and support from common people, through various activities including building temples, pagodas, copying of a sutra, kuyo (a memorial service for the dead), casting bells, promoting the building of bridges, roads, and harbors.
Japanese: 聖たちは、山林修行や諸国遊行を主としながらも造寺・造塔、写経、供養、鋳鐘、架橋や道路・港湾建設の勧進などの多彩な活動を通じて、民衆からの尊崇と支持を獲得していった。
English: The Buddhism focusing on incantation and prayer, and study was beginning to change into a new Buddhism focusing on internal maturity for broad range of people including common people.
Japanese: それまでの加持祈祷や学問中心の仏教から、内面的な深まりを持ちながら、庶民など広い階層を対象とする新しい仏教への変化が胎動していった。
English: Honen who first learned religious doctrines of the Tendai sect preached the teachings of Senju Nenbutsu (the Single-Minded Recitation of the Nenbutsu) in 1175; everybody has an equal chance to go to heaven if one believed the oath of Amida Buddha and said the prayer of 'Namuamidabutsu,'
Japanese: はじめ天台宗の教学を学んだ法然は、承安(日本)5年（1175年）、もっぱら阿弥陀仏の誓いを信じ「南無阿弥陀仏」と念仏を唱えれば、死後は平等に往生できるという専修念仏の教えを説いた。
English: The teachings of Honen spread from court nobles in the central region including Kanezane KUJO of Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) through samurai or common people in local regions.
Japanese: 法然の教えは摂関家の九条兼実ら中央の貴族をはじめ、地方の武士や庶民にまで広まった。
English: The disciples of Honen were many, including Shinran who founded Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).
Japanese: その弟子は、浄土真宗を開いた親鸞はじめ、きわめて多きにわたっている。
English: Amida-do Hall was a Buddhist temple in which to put Amida Buddha, as shown in its name, and it was actively constructed after the Sekkan (regency) period.
Japanese: 阿弥陀堂とは、その名のとおり阿弥陀仏を安置する仏堂で、摂関時代以降にさかんにつくられた。
English: The common type is a squared hall whose side ranges from sangen (approx. 5.4 meters) to goken (nine meters) in length, being called 'Ikken shimen do' (一間四面堂), that centrally contains a square hall whose side is ikken (approx. 5.8 meters) in length in which to put Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata).
Japanese: 一般的な形式は「一間四面堂堂」と称される、方三間から五間の方形の堂で、中央の方一間に阿弥陀如来を安置し、その周囲に庇をめぐらすタイプである。
English: Many such halls including Chuson-ji Temple Konjiki-do Hall, Shiramizu Amida-do Hall, Fuki-ji Temple O-do Hall were constructed across the nation.
Japanese: 中尊寺金色堂はじめ白水阿弥陀堂、富貴寺大堂など全国各地で多数つくられた。
English: Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) type is architecture modeled on a heavenly palace drawn in "Amida Jodo henso zu."
Japanese: 鳳凰堂タイプは『阿弥陀浄土変相図』に描かれた極楽宮殿を模した建築である。
English: On top of the Hoo-do Hall of the Byodo-in Temple during the Sekkan period, similar Buddhist temples were built on the Muryoko-in Temple site that FUJIWARA no Hidehira had built in Hiraizumi.
Japanese: 摂関期の平等院鳳凰堂のほか、藤原秀衡が平泉に創建した無量光院跡にも同様の仏堂が建てられた。
English: Another was a rectangular Kutai-do Hall in which to put nine statues of Amida (Amitabha), and a Joruri-ji Temple Hondo (main hall) is the existing ancient structure that is remaining.
Japanese: いま一つは、九体阿弥陀像を安置する長方形の九躰堂であり、浄瑠璃寺本堂が唯一の遺構である。
English: This is Amida-do Hall architecture at Chuson-ji Temple; a squared hall whose side is sangen in length that shows the glory of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan for three generations, and is also called 'Hikarido' (Hall of Light).
Japanese: 中尊寺に所在する、奥州藤原氏三代の栄華を示す方三間の阿弥陀堂建築であり、「光堂」とも称する。
English: Its name came from the lacquered interior decorations with sprinkled Raden, with gold leaf.
Japanese: 堂内の装飾に漆をぬり、螺鈿をちりばめ、金箔をはったのでこの名がある。
English: FUJIWARA no Kiyohira built it in 1124, and mummified dead bodies of FUJIWARA no Kiyohira, FUJIWARA no Motohira and FUJIWARA no Hidehira were put under the shumidan (a platform or dais for Buddhist image).
Japanese: 藤原清衡が天治元年（1124年）に創建したもので、須弥壇の下には清衡・藤原基衡・秀衡のミイラ化した遺骸を納めている。
English: In Hiraizumi, remains in Motsu-ji Temple that second generation Motohira had built, and the site of Kanjizai-oin that the wife of Motohira had built, has been preserved.
Japanese: 平泉には他に、2代基衡の建てた毛越寺境内遺跡、基衡の妻の建てた観自在王院跡などが遺跡としてのこっている。
English: It is the Amida-do Hall which Tokuama (the younger sister of FUJIWARA no Hidehira), the wife of Norimichi IWAKI who was from a gozoku (local ruling family), had built in 1160 to pray to Buddha for happiness of her late husband, and it is a one-storied, hogyo-zukuri style (conical roof with no horizontal ridge beam) squared hall whose side is sangen in length.
Japanese: 土地の豪族岩城則道の夫人徳尼（藤原秀衡の妹）が夫の菩提を弔うため、永暦元年（1160年）に建立した阿弥陀堂で、単層、三間四方の宝形造である。
English: It is surrounded by mountains in the northern, eastern, western sides, and Jodo Teien (Pure Land Garden) with a large pond laid out in front of the southern part of the garden.
Japanese: 北・東・西の三方は山に囲まれ、南側前面の浄土庭園は広大な苑池をともなっている。
English: It was built around 1158, and is the oldest wooden architecture in the Kyushu region that exists today.
Japanese: 保元3年（1158年）ころ創建された、現存する九州最古の木造建築物である。
English: Amida Buddha in Jocho style is placed in the hall, and a gorgeous raigo-zu (image of the descent of Amida Buddha) are painted on the walls or columns.
Japanese: 堂内には定朝様の阿弥陀仏が安置され、壁や柱には華麗な来迎図が描かれている。
English: It is the Amida-do Hall whereby Shinnyobo-ni, the wife of Takamatsu Chunagon FUJIWARA no Sanehira had built in Ohara (Kyoto City) during 1148 to pray for the happiness of her dead husband.
Japanese: 高松中納言藤原実衡の妻である真如房尼が亡き夫の菩提のために大原(京都市)に建立した阿弥陀堂で、久安4年（1148年）の建立である。
English: It is elongated sideways in order to put nine statues of Amida Nyorai in line.
Japanese: 9体の阿弥陀如来像を横一列に配置するため横に細長い形状となっている。
English: The hall is precious since it is the only one in existence as a ruminant of a Kutai Amida-do Hall (Hall of Nine Amidas) of many that were built around Kyoto at that time.
Japanese: この堂は、当時京都を中心に多数建立された九体阿弥陀堂として唯一残った遺構として貴重である。
English: Shiramizu Amida-do Hall (Fukushima Prefecture) and Fuki-ji Temple O-do Hall (Oita prefecture) are referred to as 'The three major Amida-do Halls,' together with Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple which FUJIWARA no Yorimichi had built in Uji City.
Japanese: なお、白水阿弥陀堂（福島県）と富貴寺大堂（大分県）は、藤原頼通が宇治市に建立した平等院鳳凰堂とともに「三大阿弥陀堂」と称することがある。
English: Kake-zukuri (overhang method of construction) is a style of a building that was constructed on a slope or cliff, and part of its floor was supported by a long pole.
Japanese: 斜面や崖に張り出して造られ、床の一部が長い柱で支えられた建物を懸造と呼ぶ。
English: Kiyomizu-dera Temple Main Hall during the early Edo period was a famous example in kake-zukuri, and syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, especially, Shugendo derived from Mountain Buddhism, significantly contributed to the development of this unique style.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期の清水寺本堂が有名であるが、この特異な形式が生まれるにあたっては神仏習合、なかでも山岳仏教より生まれた修験道の影響が甚大である。
English: Rengeo-in Temple Main Hall (commonly called Sanjusangen-do Hall) in which to put 1,001 statues of Senju Kannon (Thousand Armed Avalokiteshwara) elongated sideways, and it is not the Amida-do Hall, but it can be regarded as one in larger Kutai-do Hall types.
Japanese: 蓮華王院本堂（通称三十三間堂）は横に長く、千一体の千手観音像を安置したもので、阿弥陀堂ではないが大型化した九躰堂タイプと見なしてよい。
English: It is the Oku no in (inner sanctuary) of Tendai sect Sanbutsu-ji Temple constructed around 1108.
Japanese: 天仁元年（1108年）ころに建造された天台宗三仏寺の奥の院にあたる。
English: It is called 'Nageire-do Hall' and is located in a cliff on the mountain side of Mt. Mitoku around Chugoku mountain range; its name came from the story that Enno Ozunu (En no Gyoja) (a semi-legendary holy man noted for his practice of mountain asceticism during the second half of the seventh century) that was formerly regarded as an ancestor of Shugendo, made the hall by throwing building materials into the cliff from the air.
Japanese: 中国山地につらなる三徳山山腹の岩窟内に位置し、従前より修験道の祖とされる役小角（役の行者）が、空中から建築資材を投げ入れて造ったと伝承されてきたため、「投入堂」の呼称がある。
English: After the Heiji War, TAIRA no Kiyomori was trusted by Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, and constructed and operated Rengeo-in Temple near Hoju-ji Temple Gosho (palace).
Japanese: 平治の乱ののち、平清盛は後白河上皇の信任を得て、法住寺御所の近くに蓮華王院を造営した。
English: TAIRA no Kiyomori placed 1,001statues of Senju Kannon in its main hall (Sanjusangen-do Hall), and stored his treasures from the east and west in its hozo.
Japanese: その本堂（三十三間堂）に千一体の千手観音像を安置するとともに宝蔵には古今東西の宝物を納めた。
English: It stored numerous collections of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who stood in the center of entertainment such as production of various emakimono (illustrated scroll) and collection of imayo (a popular style of song during the Heian period).
Japanese: ここには、多くの絵巻物の制作や今様の蒐集など芸能の中心に立ち続けた後白河法皇の膨大なコレクションも納められていた。
English: It was identified as architecture of 1161 through the ink inscriptions of ridgepoles (materials of the hall that had stood there prior to that time were also used).
Japanese: 棟木の墨書銘から永暦2年（1161年）の建造であることが判明した（ただし、それ以前の前身堂の部材も再用されている）。
English: Kakurin-ji Temple was the Tendai sect temple which was said to be constructed by Prince Shotoku, and Taishi-do Hall was originally constructed as Hokke-do Hall.
Japanese: 鶴林寺は聖徳太子創建と伝えられる天台宗寺院であり、太子堂は当初法華堂として建造された。
English: It was in hogyo-zukuri style and was hiwada-buki (cypress bark roof), and it was identified to be the architecture in 1112 through the ink writing of roofs.
Japanese: 宝形造の檜皮葺で、屋根板の墨書より天永3年（1112年）の建造であることが判明した。
English: Jogyo-do Hall used for training of nenbutsu-zanmai (mental absorption in the nenbutsu) is regarded as architecture during the end of the Heian period, and it was designated as an important cultural property.
Japanese: 念仏三昧を修する常行堂も平安時代末期の建造とみられ、重要文化財に指定されている。
English: Regarding pagoda architecture during the Heian period, new types of pagodas including hoto (treasure pagoda) or daito pagoda were introduced, however the structural remnants that exist today were in soto (multi-leveled tower) architecture only.
Japanese: 平安時代の塔建築では、最初に宝塔や大塔といった新形式の導入がみられたが、現存する遺構は層塔形式のみである。
English: Regarding the three story pagodas constructed after the three storied pagoda of Joruri-ji Temple and that of Ichijo-ji Temple, a central pillar was put on hari (a beam) of the ceiling of the first-level tower (architecture).
Japanese: 浄瑠璃寺三重塔・一乗寺三重塔以降の三重塔では、心柱はすべて初重天井上の梁(建築)から立つようになる。
English: Joruri-ji Temple is in mountains along the border between Yamashiro Province and Yamato, and it is known as 'Kutai Amida-do Hall.'
Japanese: 浄瑠璃寺は、山城国・大和の境をなす山中にあり、上述「九体阿弥陀堂」で知られている。
English: The three storied pagoda was removed from Ichijo Omiya in Kyoto to the current location in 1178.
Japanese: 三重塔は治承2年（1178年）に京都の一条大宮から現在地に移されたものである。
English: The walls in the first-level pagoda are covered in Shaka Hasso (Eight Aspects of Buddha) on its door, Jurokurakan-zu (the painting of sixteen disciples of Buddha who attained Nirvana) around its corner, together with decorative patterns.
Japanese: 初層内は扉の釈迦八相、四隅の十六羅漢図などが装飾文様とともに壁面を埋めている。
English: Ichijo-ji Temple is located in mountains in the northeast of Harima Province, and many temple buildings have been designated as important cultural properties.
Japanese: 一乗寺は播磨国北東の山間部に所在し、多くの堂塔が重要文化財に指定されている。
English: The three-storey pagoda (stupa) was identified to be architecture from 1171 through the inscription on the top of fukubachi (inverted bowl-shaped part of a pagoda finial).
Japanese: 三重塔は、頂部の伏鉢（ふくばち）の銘より承安元年（1171年）の建造であることが判明した。
English: Its central pillar ends under the roof of the first-level pagoda, and on the wooden floor located over the roof, a Buddhist alter is put on a square whose side is ikken (appox. 1.8 m) in the center of the floor.
Japanese: 心柱が初層の天井裏で止まり、板床となるその上には中央方一間に仏壇を構えている。
English: The shape and structure of the flat part with edges around reminds one of sangen Buddhist temples after the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 四面に縁をめぐらした平面の形状および構造は鎌倉期以降の三間仏堂を思わせる。
English: The 'Nageire-do Hall of the Sanbutsu-ji Temple,' a remnant of mountain religion described earlier, and Ujigami-jinja Shrine Honden (main shrine building) are the only existing examples of shrine architecture before the Heian period.
Japanese: 現存する平安時代以前の神社建築には、上述した山岳宗教の遺構「三仏寺投入堂」と宇治上神社本殿があるのみである。
English: This was constructed in kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof); the roof of hirairi (the entrance to a building constructed parallel to the ridge of the roof, usually on the long side of the building) was sheeted, and an eave was attached to the front of the moya (the central space under the main roof of the shinden hall) of the main housing to make the front side longer, and it was a shrine regarded as chinju (local Shinto deity) of Byodo-in Temple.
Japanese: 切妻造・平入の屋根を葺きおろし、母屋もやの前方に庇を付けて前側の流れを長くした形式である流造によって建造されており、平等院の鎮守とされた神社である。
English: It was identified as architecture from 1060 through the growth rings measurements, and it is an example of the oldest existing shrine architecture.
Japanese: 建築材の年輪年代測定によって、康平3年（1060年）ころに建造されたことが判明した、現存する最古の神社建築である。
English: During the Insei period, it was treated as the ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) of the Taira clan, and in 1164, the entire 33 scrolls of "Heike-nokyo" (sutras dedicated by the Taira family) were contributed.
Japanese: 院政期には平氏一門の氏神のように遇され、長寛2年（1164年）には『平家納経』全33巻が納められた。
English: The main building in ryonagare-zukuri (a style of early Shinto shrines that have 'hisashi,' a kind of envelope, in front and behind) were reproduced after ages, an example of the remaining style in the period of the Taira clan.
Japanese: 中心となる両流造の社殿は後世に再建されたものだが、平氏の時代の様式を残している。
English: It was reproduced in a special architectural style of today; sea water rushes in underneath the building at the time of high tide.
Japanese: 現在のように満潮時には拝殿下まで海水が入る特殊な建築様式で構え直されたものである。
English: As the tide comes in, the scene of the main shrine building or torii (a gate to a Shinto shrine) standing in the sea is beautiful; it is designated as a special place of scenic beauty in Japan, being called 'Miyajima,' which was famous as one of the three most scenic spots in Japan.
Japanese: 潮が満ちると社殿や鳥居が海中に浮かぶ景観は美しく、国の特別名勝にも指定され、「宮島」とも称されて日本三景のひとつとして名高い。
English: In 1996, it was registered as a cultural site of world heritage.
Japanese: 1996年（平成8年）、世界遺産のなかの文化遺産(世界遺産)に登録された。
English: Regarding shrine architectural style, kasuga-zukuri style which is a universal form of the main building of a shrine was established before the end of the Heian period as well as nagare-zukuri style (a style of shrine architecture).
Japanese: なお、神社建築様式のうえでは、今日、流造とともに神社本殿の普遍的な形式となっている春日造が平安時代末期には成立していたとみられる。
English: Kasuga-zukuri style was kirizuma-zukuri style, and was tsuma iri (a style of building which has the entrance on the short side of building), with an eave in front of the moya, which was often seen in the Kasuga-sha Shrine honden.
Japanese: 春日造は、切妻造・妻入で、やはり身舎の正面に庇を付けた春日社本殿にみられる形式である。
English: Its eave was mabara-daruki (widely spaced roof rafters), and it was treated lighter than the moya, which played the original role as an eave.
Japanese: 庇を疎垂木（まばらだるき）として身舎より軽く扱う庇本来のあり方を示す。
English: This form seemed to be spread around the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) due to the distribution of old buildings after regular reconstruction.
Japanese: この形式は、定期造替ののちの旧殿分与によってその後畿内各地に広がったとみられる。
English: Sumigiiri kasuga-zukuri style (kumano-zukuri style) which was regarded as one type of kasuga-zukuri style, also spread throughout Japan after the medieval period due to propagation of Kumano belief.
Japanese: また、春日造の一種とみられる隅木入春日造（熊野造）は、熊野信仰の伝播により中世以降、日本全国に広まった。
English: There are many remarkable things to write about Jodo Teien such as Shiramizu Amida-do Hall stated above that were developed during the time when the Jodo sect spread.
Japanese: 庭園としては、浄土教の広まりとともに、上述した白水阿弥陀堂はじめ浄土庭園に特筆すべきものが多い。
English: Above all, Motsu-ji Temple known for its big-scale Buddhist temple built by FUJIWARA no Motohira, the second generation of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan during the period from 1150 to 1156, was maintained by Motohira and his wife, and FUJIWARA no Hidehira; it boasted gorgeous temples, pagodas and so on and its scale was bigger than the Chuson-ji Temple at that time.
Japanese: なかでも、奥州藤原氏2代の藤原基衡が久安6年（1150年）から久寿3年（1156年）にかけて大規模な伽藍を建立したことで知られる毛越寺は、基衡夫妻および藤原秀衡によって整備され、壮麗な堂塔禅坊を誇り、往時の規模は中尊寺を上まわるほどであった。
English: However, it was burnt out in the fire in 1226, and in a subsequent fire caused by war in 1573.
Japanese: 嘉禄2年（1226年）の火災、さらには天正元年（1573年）に兵火により焼失してしまった。
English: The beautiful Jodo Teien has been preserved until today; a foot of the bridge is still in the pond as well as nakajima (an island in a pond or a river) and garden stones that represent the former status.
Japanese: しかし、見事な浄土庭園を今日に伝えており、苑池も橋脚をのこして中島・庭石については旧態をよく示している。
English: Since yarimizu (a steam coming from outside) where 'Kyokusui no Utage' (making-poetry party at the stream in a garden) was said to be held was the only remnant during the Heian period in Japan, and it was also highly valuable from the academic point of view, it was designated as the special historic site and the special scenic beauty place of the nation by the name of 'Pure Land Garden at Motsu-ji Temple.'
Japanese: 「曲水の宴」が行われたといわれる遣水は平安時代の遺構としては日本唯一のものとして学術上の価値も高いことから、「毛越寺浄土庭園」として国の特別史跡および特別名勝に指定されている。
English: Regarding Motsu-ji Temple, it is known that Motohira went to Unkei, a sculptor in Kyoto, with a lot of presents, requesting the creation of the statue of Yakushi Nyorai (the Healing Buddha) of honzon (principal image of Buddha).
Japanese: 毛越寺に関しては、基衡が本尊の薬師如来像の制作を莫大な功物をもって京在住の仏師運慶に依頼したことが知られている。
English: The story that has been handed down till today is that Cloistered Emperor Toba who was amazed by the statue made by Unkei, prohibited to go down to Oshu.
Japanese: その見事な出来栄えに驚嘆した鳥羽法皇が奥州下りを禁じたという逸話ものこっている。
English: It was the Buddha statue made around 1170 and it was done by yosegi-zukuri (a method of constructing a statue by assembling pieces of wood) with gyokugan (eyes made of crystal which were inserted into the head of a wooden Buddhist statue in order to produce a realistic appearance), personalizing the character of a mantra advocated by Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana).
Japanese: 嘉応2年（1170年）頃に制作された寄木造、玉眼の仏像で、大日如来の説いた真言の一字を人格化した仏である。
English: Most of them were the famous stone groups of Japan that were carved during the period from the 11th to the 12th century.
Japanese: 大半が11世紀から12世紀にかけて刻まれた、日本の代表的な石仏群である。
English: This was the Buddha statue group in Denjo-ji Temple on Mt. Maki, one of Rokugo-manzan (Mountain of Six Sanctuaries), and nine statues including wooden seated statue of Amidanyorai, Shitenno (the four guardian kings) among them still exist.
Japanese: 六郷満山のひとつである馬城山伝乗寺にある仏像群で、木造阿弥陀如来坐像、四天王像など9体が現存している。
English: Each statue with 11 faces and 42 hands is in yosegi-zukuri, and is coated by lacquered leaf.
Japanese: 各像は頭上に11の顔をもち、42手をもつ通形であり、寄木造で漆箔が施されている。
English: 124 of the figures were created at the end of the Heian period, and the remaining figures were reproduced after the Kamakura period, spending 16 years to complete.
Japanese: 124体が平安末期のもので、のこりは鎌倉時代にはいって16年かけて再興された像である。
English: Seated statues of Senju Kannon of joroku-zo (statue considered to be a full-scale, one jo and six shaku - or about 4.8 meters) of honzon (chuson [the principal statue in a group of Buddhist statues]) is a little over three meters tall, and was created during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 本尊（中尊）の丈六像の千手観音坐像（国宝）は像高3メートル余で鎌倉時代の制作である。
English: The nine figures of Nyorai were enshrined based on the belief of 'kuhon ojo;' nine levels of birth, from gebon gesho (lower grade: lower birth), gebon chusho (lower grade: middle birth), gebon josho (lower grade: upper birth), to jobon josho (upper grade: upper birth) were in the Pure Land.
Japanese: 下品下生、下品中生、下品上生から上品上生に至るまで九つの往生の段階があるという「九品往生」の考えから、九体の如来をまつった。
English: This is the honzon within Sanzen-in Temple, and consists of three seated statues of Amida Sanzon (Amida Triad); Amida Nyorai pausing Raigo-in, Kanzeon Bosatsu and Seishi Bosatsu as the attendants of Amida Nyorai.
Japanese: 三千院境内にある往生極楽院の本尊で、阿弥陀如来像は来迎印を結び、観世音菩薩、勢至菩薩を脇侍とする阿弥陀三尊坐像である。
English: It features statues of wakiji (attendants statues) kneeling on both sides, and was identified as a creation of 1148 according to the inscription inside the statue of Seishi Bosatsu.
Japanese: 両脇侍像が跪座している点が特徴であり、勢至菩薩像内の銘文から久安4年（1148年）作であることが判明した。
English: This statue is 99 meters tall done in yosegi-zukuri, pausing Chiken-in, and is coated in lacquered leaf.
Japanese: 像高約99センチメートルの寄木造で智拳印を結んでおり、漆箔で仕上げている。
English: Its shapely figure and forceful facial expression represent the characteristics of the Kei school of Buddhist sculpture.
Japanese: 均整の取れた引き締まった体躯表現や張りのある表情に慶派の特色がよくあらわれている。
English: Seated statue of Senju Kannon, standing statue of Fudo Myoo Nidoji (Fudo Myoo and two children), standing statue of Bishamonten (Vaisravana), Bujo-ji Temple, Kyoto (an important cultural property) (1154)
Japanese: 京都・峰定寺千手観音坐像、不動明王二童子立像、毘沙門天立像（各重要文化財）久寿元年（1154年）
English: Wooden statue of Amida Nyorai and statues of ryowakiji, Daisen-ji Temple (Daisen-cho, Saihaku-gun, Tottori Prefecture), Tottori (an important cultural property) made by Ryoen (busshi - sculptor of Buddhist Statues) in 1131
Japanese: 鳥取・大山寺(鳥取県西伯郡大山町)木造阿弥陀如来及び両脇侍像（重要文化財）天承元年（1131年）良円(仏師)作
English: A new method of painting, emakimono that develops a story with Kotobagaki (captions) based on a story or setsuwa (anecdotes) was created and prospered.
Japanese: 絵画では、物語や説話を題材に、詞書（ことばがき）を織り交ぜながら場面を展開していく絵巻物という独自の手法があみだされて隆盛した。
English: Illustrations drawn in the method of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes) and Kotobagaki are alternately placed and each frame is advanced as if it was a movie, using the compositional method; a method to show successive events within a unified background, which is a typical Japanese style with hardly no real precedent in international painting history.
Japanese: 大和絵の手法によって描かれた絵と詞書とを交互につらね、異時同図法によってあたかも映画を見るようにつぎつぎに展開する画面の連続は、世界の絵画史においても他にほとんど類例をみないきわめて日本的な形態である。