nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1365, he was invited by Kanpaku (chief advisor for the emperor) Yoshimoto NIJO and in the following year travelled to Kyoto year where he lectured on the 'Manyoshu' and authored 'Shirin Saiyo-sho' (Commentary of Leaves from a Forest of Words).
Japanese: 1365年（貞治4年/正平(日本)20年）関白二条良基に招かれ、翌1366年（貞治5年・正平21年）上洛して「万葉集」を講じて自ら著した「詞林采葉抄」を献上した。
English: Following in the footsteps of Sengaku, he conducted empirical research and wrote works including "Shui Saiyo-sho" (Commentary of Leaves of Gleanings) and "Seiyo Tanka-sho" ("Green Leaves and Red Flowers," a Collection of Poetry).
Japanese: 仙覚の伝統を受け継いで実証的な研究を進め、「拾遺采葉抄」「青葉丹花抄」などを著した。
English: Taa (1237 - February 18, 1319) was a Ji Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the latter part of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 他阿（たあ、嘉禎3年（1237年）－文保3年1月28日(旧暦)（1319年2月18日））は、鎌倉時代後期の時宗の僧。
English: After becoming the disciple of Ji Sect founder Ippen in 1277 in Kyushu, he accompanied him on his travels around Japan.
Japanese: 1277年（建治3年）九州で時宗の祖一遍に師事して以来、一遍の諸国遊行に従う。
English: He reformed the Ji Sect which had temporarily disbanded following Ippen's death in 1289, and continued his journey around the Hokuriku and Kanto regions.
Japanese: 1289年（正応2年）に一遍が亡くなった後に、いったん解散した時衆を再結成して引き連れ、北陸・関東を中心として遊行を続けた。
English: Later inherited the name Taa), and constructed a thatched hut (which went on to become the Muryoko-ji sub-temple of Konko-in Temple Toma dojo-seminary) in Sagami Province where he lived alone until his death.
Japanese: のち他阿号を世襲）に譲り、自らは相模国に草庵（後の当麻道場金光院無量光寺）を建立して独住（定住）し、そこで没した。
English: As well as extensive information about him being later compiled in volume 8 of "Taa Jonin Hogo" (Buddhist sermon of Taa Jonin), he mixed with eminent members of Kyoto Society as a poet, and published his work in a compilation entitled "Daikyo-shu."
Japanese: 膨大な消息はのちに『他阿上人法語』8巻にまとめられたほか、歌人として京洛の貴顕とまじわり、歌集に『大鏡集』がある。
English: His biography is detailed in "Ippen Shonin Eshiden" (Yugyo Shonin Engi-e) volumes 5-10.
Japanese: 伝記は「一遍上人絵詞伝（遊行上人縁起絵）」巻5～10に詳しく載せられている。
English: Well known images of Taa include the painting at Nagasaki Shonen-ji Temple (Sakai City, Fukui Prefecture), the wooden seated statue at Higashiyama Choraku-ji Temple (Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City), and the wooden seated statues at Kurokoma Shogan-ji Temple (Fuefuki City, Yamanashi Prefecture) and Kozu Rentai-ji Temple (Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture), all of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties.
Japanese: 他阿の肖像としては、長崎称念寺（福井県坂井市）蔵の画像や東山長楽寺（京都市東山区）蔵の木造椅像、および黒駒称願寺（山梨県笛吹市）・国府津蓮台寺（神奈川県小田原市）蔵の木造座像が有名で、いずれも重要文化財。
English: Ippen named Jokai, who is also said to have been a blood relative, as his successor but after he passed away, the Ji Sect disappeared throughout Japan.
Japanese: 一遍は、肉親ともいわれる弟子聖戒を後継者とみなしていた節があり、しかも入寂に際して時衆は各地に散って自然消滅している。
English: Taa revived the sect, established the 'Jishu Seikai' (religious commandments of the Ji Sect) and 'Dojo Seibun' (rules for priests) which advocated Chishiki Kimyo (a unique belief of the Ji Sect of giving absolute devotion of mind and body to the absolute view of knowledge), and sources state that there were over 100 subordinate temples.
Japanese: それを再興した他阿は、知識帰命を掲げた「時衆制誡」「道場制文」などを定め、消息の中で配下の道場（寺院）は百あまりと述べているように、時衆を整備された教団とした。
English: The modern Ji Sect was established in early modern times when the Fujisawa-dojo seminary Shojoko-ji Temple, which followed this Taa system, absorbed other nenbutsu denominations.
Japanese: 現在ある時宗教団は、この他阿の系統を引く藤沢道場清浄光寺が、ほかの念仏聖の教団を吸収して近世に成立した。
English: He is commonly called 'Niso Shonin' (lit. Second Founder) in relation to the sect founder Ippen, and his statue stands alongside that of Ippen at many Ji Sect temples.
Japanese: 宗祖一遍とならぶ「二祖上人」と通称され、多くの時宗寺院で、その像が一遍と対になって荘厳されている。
English: He learned the Three Shastras (Three Treatises) and the Hosso (Dharma Characteristics school) from Gonso of Iwabuchi-dera Temple in Yamato Province among others, and had thorough knowledge of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism.
Japanese: 大和国石淵寺の勤操（ごんそう）らに三論・法相を学び、真言密教にも通じた。
English: When Emperor Saga granted To-ji Temple to Kukai and simultaneously granted Sai-ji Temple to Shubin in 823.
Japanese: 823年（弘仁14年）嵯峨天皇から空海に東寺が、守敏に西寺が与えられた。
English: Having been a rival in most matters with Kukai, the monk of To-ji Temple, on being defeated by him in a competition for inducing rainfall by prayer when a draught hit in 824, he shot an arrow at Kukai, but its path was interrupted by a Jizo Bosatsu (Jizo Bodhisattva).
Japanese: 東寺の僧空海とは何事にも対立していたとされ、824年（弘仁15年）の干ばつのときに神泉苑での雨乞いの儀式に於いて空海に敗れ、空海に矢を放ったが地蔵菩薩に阻まれた。
English: Myoun (1115 - January 3, 1184) was a Tendai Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the late Heian period.
Japanese: 明雲（みょううん、永久(元号)3年（1115年）-寿永2年11月19日(旧暦)（1184年1月3日））は、平安時代末期の天台宗の僧。
English: He studied exoteric Buddhism and esoteric Buddhism from Benkaku Hoin of Mt. Hiei, and inherited the teachings of Tendai Zasu (head priest of the Tendai Sect) Imperial Prince Saiunho.
Japanese: 比叡山の弁覚法印から顕教・密教を学び、天台座主最雲法親王の法を継いだ。
English: In 1166, he was promoted to the rank of Sojo and appointed Tendai Zasu in 1167.
Japanese: 仁安(日本)元年（1166年）僧正に任じられ、翌仁安2年（1167年）天台座主に就任した。
English: In 1177, he took the blame for a conflict between the Enryaku-ji Temple's sub-temple of Hakusan and the governor of Kaga Province, which led to him losing his position as Tendai Zasu and being exiled to Izu Province but he was rescued en route by Buddhist followers and returned to Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 治承元年（1177年）延暦寺の末寺である白山と加賀国の国司が争った事件の責任を問われ、天台座主の職を解かれ、伊豆国に配流になるが、途中で大衆(仏教)が奪還し叡山に帰還する。
English: After the system of cloistered government was ended by what is known as the 'Coup of the Third Year of Jisho' in 1179, Myoun was once again appointed Tendai Zasu and promoted to the rank of Daisojo (highest rank of a Buddhist monk) in 1182.
Japanese: 治承3年（1179年）、いわゆる「治承三年の政変」で院政が停止されると座主職に再任され、寿永元年（1182年）には大僧正に任じられた。
English: As the gojiso (personal monk) of the Taira clan, he participated in the Taira clan government and the administration of Enryaku-ji Temple but stayed behind at Enryaku-ji Temple when the Taira clan left the capital.
Japanese: 以後は平家の護持僧として平氏政権と延暦寺の調整を担うが、平家都落ちには同行せず、延暦寺にとどまった。
English: Myoun was killed in 1183 during the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple when MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka attacked Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: 翌寿永2年（1183年）、源義仲が後白河法皇を襲撃した「法住寺合戦」で斬り殺される。
English: Yoshinaka held up the head of Myoun and said 'He was nothing.' before throwing it into Nishi no Toin-gawa River.
Japanese: 義仲は差し出された明雲の首を「そんな者が何だ」と言って西洞院川に投げ捨てたという。
English: Despite the fact that Myoun was a Buddhist monk of the highest level, he took human lives on the battlefield before finally dying in battle himself, and Jien, who received religious precepts from him, was highly critical of this in his work entitled "Gukansho."
Japanese: なお、最高位級の僧侶の身でありながら自ら戦場において殺生を行い、その挙句に戦死したという事実に対して、明雲から受戒を受けた慈円は『愚管抄』において激しくこれを糾弾している。
English: On the other hand, "Imakagami" (The Mirror of the Present) praised Myoun by stating that 'there will not another Zasu to rival him for a long time to come.'
Japanese: 一方、『今鏡』は「世の末におはしがたい」座主として高い評価を与えている。
English: Kakuen (1031 - May 19, 1098) was a Tendai Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the latter part of the Heian period.
Japanese: 覚円（かくえん、長元4年（1031年）－承徳2年4月16日(旧暦)（1098年5月19日））は、平安時代後期の天台宗の僧。
English: He was promoted to the rank of Gon no Shosozu in 1054, appointed Chori (chief priest) of Onjo-ji Temple in 1063, and made Daisojo (highest rank of a Buddhist monk) in 1065.
Japanese: 1054年（天喜2年）権少僧都、1063年（康平6年）園城寺長吏、1065年（康平8年）大僧正に任じられた。
English: In 1077, he was appointed Tendai Zasu (head priest of the Tendai Sect) by imperial charter but was forced to resign after only three days in the face of opposition from the followers of Enryaku-ji Temple; being made betto (administrator) of Hossho-ji Temple instead.
Japanese: 1077年（承暦元年）天台座主就任の勅許を受けたが、延暦寺門徒の反対により3日で辞任に追い込まれ、代わりに法勝寺別当となった。
English: He had the deep trust of the imperial court as well as nobility, and was granted "gissha no senji" (special permission from the emperor to enter the imperial palace in an ox-drawn cart) in January 1096.
Japanese: 宮中や貴族たちの信任が厚く、1096年（嘉保3年）1月には牛車宣旨を賜っている。
English: Raigo (1002 - 1084) was a Japanese monk of the Tendai sect in the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 頼豪（らいごう、長保4年（1002年）-応徳元年（1084年））は、平安時代中期の天台宗の日本の僧。
English: Gaining fame for the efficacy of his incantation and prayer, he prayed for the birth of an Imperial prince for Emperor Shirakawa in 1074, and after the birth of Imperial Prince Atsufumi he requested the emperor reward him with the establishment of a kaidan (platform for teaching the precepts to monks and nuns) in Onjo-ji Temple, but his request was dismissed due to opposition from Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 修法の効験で知られ、1074年（承保元年）白河天皇の皇子誕生を祈願し、敦文親王が誕生したことから、園城寺の戒壇創設を天皇に請うたが、延暦寺の反対により実現しなかった。
English: Bearing a grudge because of this, he killed himself by fasting to death, and it was widely believed that he became a rancorous ghost taking the shape of an iron rat (a huge rat as large as a bull with a stone body and iron teeth), and bit and tore the Buddhist scriptures belonging to Enryaku-ji Temple, as well as causing the death of the four-year-old Imperial Prince Atsufumi.
Japanese: その後怨念を抱いて断食して命を絶ち、怨霊となって鉄鼠に化して延暦寺の経典を食い破り、敦文親王は四歳で頼豪の祟りによって死んだとされる。
English: Kokan Shiren (1278 - August 11, 1346) was a Rinzai Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the latter part of the Kamakura period and the Northern and Southern Courts period.
Japanese: 虎関師錬（こかんしれん、弘安元年（1278年）－正平(日本)元年/貞和2年7月24日(旧暦)（1346年8月11日））は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての臨済宗の僧。
English: He became the disciple of Rinzai Sect Shoichi School monk Tozan Tansho at age 8 and practiced Zen before going on to practice under Kian Soen and Tokei Tokugo after Tozan's death.
Japanese: 8歳で臨済宗聖一派東山湛照（とうざんたんしょう）に師事して参禅し、東山の没後は規庵祖円・桃渓徳悟らについて修行した。
English: In 1307, he visited Issan Ichinei of Kencho-ji Temple, which led him to write 'Genkoshakusho' (History of Buddhism of the Genko era) in 1322.
Japanese: 1307年（徳治3年）建長寺の一山一寧（いっさんいちねい）を訪ねたことをきっかけとして1322年（元亨2年）「元亨釈書」を著した。
English: He also studied esoteric Buddhism at Ninna-ji Temple and Daigo-ji Temple as well as practicing under Mui Shogen and Yakuo Tokken of Kamakura.
Japanese: また鎌倉の無為昭元（むいしょうげん）・約翁徳倹（やくおうとっけん）の会下に入る一方、仁和寺・醍醐寺で密教を学んでいる。
English: In 1339, he became chief priest of Nanzen-ji Temple but left for the Kaizo-in sub-temple of Tofuku-ji Temple in 1341 before being granted the title Kokushi by Emperor Gomurakami in 1342.
Japanese: 1339年（暦応2年/延元4年）南禅寺の住持となり、1341年（暦応4年/興国2年）東福寺海蔵院に退き、翌1342年（暦応5年/興国3年）後村上天皇から国師号を賜った。
English: Kokan Shiren was devoted to a life of study and gained a vast knowledge; studying 'Wen Xuan' ('Monzen' in Japanese) from SUGAWARA no Arisuke and the art of divination from Arifusa ROKUJO.
Japanese: 菅原在輔から「文選_(書物)」を、六条有房から「易学」を学ぶなど自らの研鑚につとめ、該博な知識を得た。
English: Zomyo (843 - December 12, 927) was a Tendai Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the first part of the Heian period.
Japanese: 増命（ぞうみょう、承和(日本)10年（843年）－延長(元号)5年11月11日(旧暦)（927年））は、平安時代前期の天台宗の僧。
English: He served as the tenth Tendai Zasu (head priest of the Tendai Sect) from November 11, 906 until June 28, 922.
Japanese: 第10代天台座主（在任延喜6年10月17日(旧暦)-同22年5月26日(旧暦)）。
English: Zomyo studied under Ensai of Saito-in Temple on Mt. Hiei, learnt the Tendai Sect teachings from Ennin, and was consecrated by Enchin.
Japanese: 比叡山西塔院の延最に師事、円仁から天台教学を学び、円珍から灌頂を受けた。
English: In the year 868, he wrote "Shuron Gohakko" (eight lectures of disputes about teachings of the sect) for the then Emperor Seiwa at the young age of 26.
Japanese: 868年（貞観_(日本)10年に26歳の若さで当時の清和天皇のために『宗論御八講』を著す。
English: He became the head priest of Saito-in Temple in the year 888 and put great effort into restoring the temple which was in a far more dilapidated condition than other temples on Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 888年（仁和元年）西塔院主となり、比叡山の他の院に比べて衰微していた西塔の再興に尽力する。
English: He was made Chori (chief priest) of Onjo-ji Temple in the year 899 before going on to be appointed Tendai Zasu in 906.
Japanese: 899年（昌泰2年）園城寺長吏、906年（延喜6年）には天台座主に任じられた。
English: When Cloistered Emperor Uda entered the Buddhist priesthood, Zomyo gave him the Buddhist precepts and conducted his ordination, with the Cloistered Emperor frequently visiting Zomyo at Saito-in Temple and Senko-in Temple at which he was based.
Japanese: 宇多法皇の出家の際、受戒・受灌の師となり、増命のいた西塔院・千光院を法皇がしばしば訪問している。
English: He often conducted prayers for the health of the emperor at the imperial palace (it was during this time that rumors regarding the vengeful spirit of SUGAWARA no Michizane were prevalent, and he held a 100 day long ritual following the sudden death of Crown Prince Yasuakira.
Japanese: また、宮中において玉体安泰などの祈願をしばしば行っている（特にこの頃は菅原道真の怨霊の噂が絶えず、皇太子保明親王急死の折には百日にわたる修法を行っている。
English: Also, prayers that he held after becoming aware that a monk from Tang Dynasty China was suffering from a chest complaint led to his full recovery).
Japanese: またこの頃唐から漂着した僧侶が胸の病に苦しんでいる事を知って祈祷を施して平癒させている）。
English: In the year 915, he ascended to the rank of Shosozu (junior secondary prelate) before being promoted to Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest) in 925.
Japanese: 915年（延喜15年）少僧都に昇任し、925年（延長3年）には僧正に至った。
English: Zomyo reported to the emperor in the year 927 and attempted to convince him to grant Enchin, the priest who ordained him, the name Chisho Daishi.
Japanese: 927年（延長5年）には奏上して自らに灌頂した師である円珍に智証大師の号を下賜されるのに尽力した。
English: Eri (852 - 935) was a Shingon Sect Buddhism monk who lived during the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 会理（えり、仁寿2年（852年）－承平(日本)5年（935年））は、平安時代中期の真言宗の僧。
English: After entering the Buddhist priesthood, he studied Shingon Esoteric Buddhism from Shuei and Shobo before he received the dharma from Zennen.
Japanese: 出家した後、宗叡（しゅうえい）・聖宝（しょうぼう）に真言密教を学び、その後禅念からも受法した。
English: In the year 928, he was promoted to the rank of Gon Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline") and appointed the second abbot of To-ji Temple, and he also conducted Kujaku Kyobo (the ritual for averting disasters, particularly in prayers for rain, against illness in the imperial family, and for safe childbirth of the empress) and nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) rituals when Emperor Daigo fell ill.
Japanese: 928年（延長(元号)6年）権律師・東寺二長者に任じられ、醍醐天皇が病気の際には孔雀経法や念仏を持って奉仕した。
English: Eri excelled in the carving and painting of Buddhist images, and surviving examples of his work include the statue of the Thousand-armed Kannon housed in the dining hall of To-ji Temple and the Yakushi Nyorai statue of Kamidaigo-ji Temple.
Japanese: 仏像彫刻や仏画に秀で、東寺食堂に安置される千手観音像や上醍醐の薬師如来像が遺作として現存している。
English: He also painted the pillar paintings of the Great Buddha Hall at Todai-ji Temple and the image of the patriarch at the Kanjo-in sub-temple of To-ji Temple, but his activities were not confined only to Shingon Sect temples as he was also active on Mt. Hiei and the southern capital of Nara.
Japanese: また、東大寺大仏殿の柱絵や東寺灌頂院に安置される祖師像を描き、会理の活動は真言宗寺院のみならず南都・比叡山にまで及んだ。
English: Shinzei (800 - March 25, 860) was a Shingon Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the first part of the Heian period.
Japanese: 真済（しんぜい、延暦19年（800年）－貞観_(日本)2年2月25日(旧暦)（860年3月25日））は、平安時代前期の真言宗の僧。
English: His talent was discovered by Kukai which led to him becoming Ajari (high priest) at the exceptionally young age of 24 in the year 824.
Japanese: 空海に才能を見出され、824年（天長元年）24歳という異例の若さで阿闍梨となった。
English: In the year 836, he attempted to travel to Tang Dynasty China with Shinzen but failed and confined himself to Takaosan-ji Temple for the following 12 years where he practiced ascetism.
Japanese: 836年（承和(日本)3年）真然とともに唐へ渡ることを試みるが失敗し、以後12年間高雄山寺に篭って修行した。
English: During this period, he was appointed one of the naikubu-juzenshi (the ten priests selected for Buddhist services in the imperial court), betto (administrator) of Jingo-ji Temple, Gon Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline") and second abbot of To-ji Temple.
Japanese: この間、内供奉十禅師・神護寺別当・権律師・東寺二長者に任じられている。
English: Shinzei was offered the rank of Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest) in the year 856 but he declined and his master Kukai was posthumously granted the rank of Daisojo (highest rank of the Buddhist priesthood).
Japanese: 856年（斉衡3年）僧正に任じられたが真済はこれを辞退し、師である空海に大僧正が追贈された。
English: Shinzen (804 - October 21, 891) was a Shingon Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the first part of the Heian period.
Japanese: 真然（しんぜん、延暦23年（804年）－寛平3年9月11日(旧暦)（891年10月21日））は、平安時代前期の真言宗の僧。
English: After entering the Buddhist priesthood, he resided at Daian-ji Temple in Nara where he studied Shingon Esoteric Buddhism under Shinga and put great effort into the administration of Mt. Koya following Kukai's death.
Japanese: 出家後奈良大安寺に住し、真雅に師事して真言密教を学び、空海の没後の高野山の経営に尽力した。
English: In the year 836, he attempted to travel to Tang Dynasty China with Shinzei but failed.
Japanese: 836年（承和(日本)3年）に真済とともに唐へ渡ろうしたが失敗している。
English: He ascended to the rank of Gon Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline") in the year 874 before being promoted to Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest).
Japanese: 874年（貞観_(日本)16年）権律師に任じられ、その後僧正まで昇任した。
English: He was appointed chief abbot of To-ji Temple in 884, a post that he held until his death in 891.
Japanese: 884年（元慶8年）東寺長者に任じられ、891年（寛平3年）に没するまで在職した。
English: His removing of the 'Sanjujo Sasshi' (30 volumes of esoteric Buddhist scripture hand-copied by priest Kukai when he was staying in China) lent to him by Shinga from Mt. Koya during this period is said to have been the origin of a dispute between To-ji Temple and Mt. Koya.
Japanese: この間、東寺の真雅から借りていた「三十帖冊子」を高野山に持ち出したことは、その後東寺と高野山との紛争の原因となった。
English: Juo Sohitsu (1296 - 1380) was a Rinzai Sect Buddhist monk who lived from the latter part of the Kamakura period to the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan).
Japanese: 授翁宗弼（じゅおうそうひつ、1296年－1380年）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての臨済宗の僧。
English: While in the service of Emperor Godaigo, he practiced Zen under Shuho Myocho of Daitoku-ji Temple and was granted the Buddhist name Sohitsu.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇に仕えながら大徳寺の宗峰妙超に参禅し、宗弼という法名を授かった。
English: He warned Emperor Godaigo during the Kenmu Restoration but these were not heeded and he covertly supported Funi Daitoku at Iwakura in Rakuhoku (north of the capital of Kyoto) and entered the Buddhist priesthood.
Japanese: 建武の新政の際には後醍醐天皇をいさめたが受け入れられず、ひそかに洛北岩倉で不二大徳に支持して得度した。
English: After 20 years of seclusion, he practiced Zen under Kanzan Egen of Myoshin-ji Temple in Kyoto and succeeded his teachings to become the 2nd head priest of Myoshin-ji Temple.
Japanese: 20年間隠遁した後、京都妙心寺の関山慧玄に参禅してその法を継ぎ、妙心寺2世となった。
English: Shuei (809 - April 29, 884) was a Shingon Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the first part of the Heian period.
Japanese: 宗叡（しゅうえい・しゅえい、大同(日本)4年（809年）－元慶8年3月26日(旧暦)（884年4月29日））は、平安時代前期の真言宗の僧。
English: At age 14, he went to Mt. Hiei where he entered the Buddhist priesthood under Saichin before later learning the Hosso Sect teachings from Gien of Kofuku-ji Temple, the Tendai Sect teachings from Gishin of Enryaku-ji Temple, Diamond Realm and Womb Realm mandalas from Enchin, Shingon Sect teachings from Jitsue, and being consecrated by Shinsho of Zenrin-ji Temple (Kyoto City).
Japanese: 14歳で比叡山に入り載鎮に師事して出家し、のちに興福寺の義演から法相教学を、延暦寺の義真から天台教学を、円珍から金剛界・胎蔵界両部を、実慧から真言密教を学び、禅林寺(京都市)の真紹から灌頂を受けた。
English: He made pilgrimages to Mt. Wutai and Mt. Tiantai and studied esoteric Buddhism under monks including Xuanqung of Bianzhou and Faquan of Changan before returning to Japan in the year 865.
Japanese: 五台山(中国)・天台山を巡礼し、また汴州の玄慶、長安の法全などに密教を学んで、865年（貞観7年）に帰国。
English: Shuei was promoted to Gon-Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline") in 869, and in the year 879 was successively appointed Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest), betto (administrator) of Todai-ji Temple and second abbot of To-ji Temple.
Japanese: 869年（貞観11年）に権律師、879年（元慶3年）僧正に任じられ、東大寺別当・東寺二長者も歴任している。
English: Josho (906 - 983) was a Shingon Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 定昭（じょうしょう、906年-983年）は、平安時代中期の真言宗の僧。
English: He studied the Hosso Sect teachings under Ninko of Kofuku-ji Temple and consecrated by Kanku before being appointed betto (administrator) of Daikaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 興福寺の忍斅（にんこう）に法相宗を学び、寛空に灌頂を受けて大覚寺別当に任じられた。
English: Josho was promoted to Gon-Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline") in the year 966 and ascended to the rank of Daisozu (the highest rank of Buddhist priesthood) in the year 979.
Japanese: 966年（康保3年）に権律師、979年（天元(日本)2年）には大僧都に昇任している。
English: In addition, he was successively appointed chief abbot of To-ji Temple, betto (administrator) of Kofuku-ji Temple and zasu (head priest) of Kongobu-ji Temple as well as founding the Ichijo-in sub-temple of Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: また、東寺長者・興福寺別当・金剛峯寺座主を歴任し、興福寺一乗院を創建した。
English: Jogyo (birth date unknown - January 9, 867) was a Buddhist monk who lived during the first part of the Heian period.
Japanese: 常暁（じょうぎょう、生年不詳－貞観_(日本)8年11月30日(旧暦)（867年1月9日））は、平安時代前期の僧。
English: He began by studying the three treatises (the Treatise on the Middle Way, the Treatise on the Twelve Gates, and the One-Hundred-Verse Treatise) under Buan of Gango-ji Temple before being consecrated by Kukai.
Japanese: 初め元興寺の豊安（ぶあん）に三論（中論・十二論・百論）の教学を学び、その後空海から灌頂を受けた。
English: He studied the three treatises under Wenji in Yangzhou, esoteric Buddhism and Daigen Suiho (esoteric Buddhist rituals to pray for the defeat enemies and traitors as well as the security of the nation) under Bunsai before returning to Japan in the year 839.
Japanese: 揚州で元照に三論の教学を、文サイ（サイは王へんに祭）に密教と大元帥法（怨敵・逆臣の調伏、国家安泰を祈る真言密教の法）を学び、翌839年（承和6年）日本に帰国した。
English: In the year 840, he housed a statue of Daigensui Myoo at Horin-ji Temple in Uji, Yamashiro Province and was granted permission to use it as an esoteric ritual temple.
Japanese: 840年（承和7年）山城国宇治の法琳寺に大元帥明王像を安置して修法院とすることを請い許された。
English: Daigen Suiho subsequently became part of the Goshichinichi-no-mishiho (a seven-day New Year ritual).
Japanese: 以後大元帥法は後七日御修法（ごしちにちのみしほ）に準じる扱いとなった。
English: Daigen Suiho is one of the magic rituals of esoteric Buddhism.
Japanese: 大元帥法（だいげんすいほう/だいげんのほう）は、密教における大法（呪術）の1つ。
English: Daigen Suiho is a ritual in which practitioners pray to an image of Daigensui Myoo for the defeat of enemies and traitors as well as the security of the nation that was introduced to Japan's Horin-ji Temple (Ikaruga-cho) from Tang Dynasty China by Jogyo in the year 839.
Japanese: 大元帥明王を本尊として、怨敵・逆臣の調伏、国家安泰を祈って修される法で、839年（承和(日本)6年）常暁が唐から法輪寺(斑鳩町)に伝えた物。
English: This ritual was held only within the imperial palace and it was not permitted to be practiced by retainers.
Japanese: この法は宮中のみで行われ、臣下がこの法を修めることは許されなかった。
English: FUJIWARA no Korechika, Minister of the Interior was demoted to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region) based on the excuse that he performed it during the Chotoku Incident that broke out in the year 995.
Japanese: 長徳元年（995年）に起きた長徳の変では、内大臣藤原伊周がこれを行ったという口実により大宰府に左遷された。
English: Kokua (1314 - October 4, 1405) was a Ji Sect Buddhist monk who lived from the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan) to the mid-Muromachi period.
Japanese: 国阿（こくあ、正和3年（1314年）－応永12年9月11日(旧暦)（1405年10月4日））は、南北朝時代(日本)から室町時代中期にかけての時宗の僧。
English: According to 'Sorinji Engi' (the history of Sorin-ji Temple), he was born in Harima Province as Kuniaki HASHIZAKI but was given the name Koku Amidabutsu after entering the Buddhist priesthood in 1355.
Japanese: 「双林寺縁起」によれば、出身は播磨国で、俗名を箸崎国明と称し、1355年（文和4年/正平(日本)10年）に出家して国阿弥陀仏と称したという。
English: He practiced at mountains including Kumano, received a divine message telling him 'Do not loath the impurity of Ise and Kumano pilgrims but allow them to pray regardless,' and spreading this message made him extremely popular.
Japanese: 熊野などの山岳における修行につとめ、「伊勢・熊野参詣の道者不浄を嫌わず参詣すべし」との神託を受け、その主張を広めて人気を博した。
English: Kokua founded Shobo-ji Temple (Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City) at Ryozen in Kyoto's Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture) which became the headquarters of the Ryozen School, and restored Sorin-ji Temple (Kyoto City) which became the headquarters of the Kokua School.
Japanese: 京都東山(京都府)霊山に正法寺(京都市東山区)を建立して霊山派の本寺となり、また雙林寺(京都市)を再興して国阿派の本寺となった。
English: Zoyo (1032 - February 14, 1116) was a Tendai Sect Buddhist monk who lived during the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 増誉（ぞうよ、長元5年（1032年）－永久(元号)4年1月29日(旧暦)（1116年2月14日））は、平安時代中期の天台宗の僧。