nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to "Jokyuki " (A Chronicle of the Jokyu War), feeling compassionate for the wife grieving over the murder of her former husband (Yoriie) and child by the Hojo clan, Taneyoshi went to Kyoto with a plan to rebel against the Kamakura shogunate.
Japanese: 『承久記』によれば、先夫（頼家）と子を北条氏によって殺されて嘆き悲しむ妻を憐れに思い、鎌倉に謀叛を起こそうと京に上ったと述べている。
English: In June 1221, when the Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army, during the council of war, Taneyoshi optimistically stated, 'Now that he has become an enemy of the court, not even thousand people will support Yoshitoki HOJO.'
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）5月に後鳥羽上皇が挙兵すると軍議で「朝敵となった以上、北条義時に味方する者は千人もいまい」と楽観論を述べている。
English: Taneyoshi sent a secret message to Yoshimura in Kamakura, but Yoshimura turned the messenger away, but delivered that message to the shogunate whereby expectations of the Kyoto side fell short.
Japanese: 鎌倉の義村に密書を送るが、義村は使者を追い返して密書を幕府に届けてしまい、京方の目算は崩れてしまった。
English: According to "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), during the speech Masako HOJO gave to persuade gokenin, she named Hideyasu and Taneyoshi as gyakushin (rebellious subjects) and it seems that the Kamakura Shogunate viewed them as the central figures in Kyoto.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によると、北条政子が御家人を説得する演説をした際に秀康と胤義の名を逆臣として挙げており、鎌倉幕府からは京方の中心人物と見られていたようだ。
English: Taneyoshi attempted to put up one last fight at the palace of the Retired Emperor, but was turned away with the palace gate being closed and, instead, an inzen (a decree from the Retired Emperor) was issued to arrest the tactician Taneyoshi who set off a war.
Japanese: 院の御所で最後の一戦を図るが、御所の門を閉じられ追い返されてしまい、逆に乱を引き起こした謀臣として逮捕の院宣を出されてしまう。
English: Taneyoshi and the remaining samurai of the Kyoto side barricaded themselves in To-ji Temple, but being under attack by Yoshimura's army, after fighting bravely along with his sons Tanetsura and Keneyoshi, Taneyoshi killed himself in Nishiyama Kijima (Uzumasa, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 残った京方武士と東寺に立て篭もるが、義村の軍勢に攻められ、胤義は子息の胤連、兼義とともに奮戦して西山木嶋（京都市右京区太秦）で自害した。
English: TAKASHINA no Yasutsune (1130 – December 20, 1201) was a court noble between the late Heian period and the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 高階泰経（たかしなのやすつね、大治5年（1130年）-建仁元年11月23日(旧暦)（1201年12月20日））は平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期の公家。
English: He was born the child of Wakasa no kami (Governor of Wakasa Province) TAKASHINA no Yasushige and the daughter of FUJIWARA no Munekane in 1130.
Japanese: 大治5年（1130年）、父：若狭国守高階泰重と母：藤原宗兼の娘の子として生まれる。
English: In 1155, Yasutsune was appointed as Saemon-no-shoi (one of the government posts) as well as kebiishi (the police and judicial chief) and, in addition, was appointed as Kurodo to the new Emperor Goshirakawa who ascended the throne that year.
Japanese: 久寿2年（1155年）左衛門少尉・検非違使となり、またこの年即位した新帝・後白河天皇の蔵人に任ぜられる。
English: Thereafter, Yasutsune became a close aide to Emperor Goshirakawa, successively holding the various posts including Kawachi no kuni no kami (Governor of Kawachi Province) Dewa no kuni no kami (Governor of Dewa Province), Settsu no kuni no kami (Governor of Settsu Province), Shonagon (lesser councilor of state) and Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices).
Japanese: 以後、後白河の側近となり、河内国守・出羽国守・摂津国守・少納言・右京大夫を歴任。
English: One of the main functions of Yasutsune was to negotiate with samurai but, being at the center of the administration, he had numerous downfalls with the first one occurring in 1179 when the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa was confined by TAIRA no Kiyomori whereby Yasutsune was removed from office and, in 1183, he was removed from office when the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa was once again confined this time by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
Japanese: 主に武家との折衝にあたるが、政権の中枢にあったために失脚することも多く、治承3年（1179年）平清盛による後白河院の鳥羽殿幽閉の際に解官されたのを手始めとして、復帰後の寿永2年（1183年）源義仲による再度の後白河院幽閉の際にも再び解官。
English: While Yasutsune soon returned to his previous post that time, he was subsequently removed from office for the third time and was also banished to Izu Province under suspicion of involving in the rebellion by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and MINAMOTO no Yukiie in 1185.
Japanese: このたびもまもなく復帰するが、今度は文治元年（1185年）源義経・源行家の謀叛への係累を疑われて、三度目の解官、さらには伊豆国への流罪となった。
English: In 1189, Yasutsune was again pardoned and was allowed to attend the court whereby rising to the court rank of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 1191.
Japanese: 文治5年（1189年）に再出仕が赦され、建久2年（1191年）には正三位に昇る。
English: In a letter written by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo addressed to Yasutsune, there was a phrase saying, 'The greatest Tengu in Japan cannot be anyone else,' which became established as an expression used by Yoritomo's to criticize the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and, consequently, was often quoted to describe that retired emperor.
Japanese: 源頼朝が泰経に宛てた書状の中で「日本第一の大天狗は余人の事に非ず候か」との表現があり、従来これは頼朝が後白河院を批判した語句であるとして、後白河院を形容する際に用いられることが多かった。
English: Recently, however, a theory suggesting that the expression, 'the greatest Tengu in Japan' was a phrase describing Yasutsune and not the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa emerged (as offered by various people including Fumihiko GOMI) which was contradicted by an argument going back to the initial theory that the said phrase was after all describing the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: しかし近年、この「日本一の大天狗」との表現は後白河院ではなく、泰経を指した文句ではないかとする説が浮上し（五味文彦など）、さらにまたそれに対して、やはり後白河院を指したものであろうとする再反論も出ている。
English: Suketo KARASUMA (1417 - January 23, 1483) was a court noble during the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 烏丸資任（からすますけとう、応永24年（1417年）-文明(日本)14年12月15日(旧暦)（1483年1月23日））は室町時代の公家。
English: In 1444, Suketo was appointed as Sangi (councilor) and, in 1458, was awarded the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank) as well as Jun-daijin (Vice Minister).
Japanese: 文安元年（1444年）に参議、長禄2年（1458年）には従一位・准大臣に任じられた。
English: Along with Imamairi no tsubone (also known as Oima) and Mochiie ARIMA, Suketo was a leading figure in the shogunate at one point and these three were referred to as 'sanma' (three demons), three persons with their names containing the letter 'ma' (demon) such as Oima, Karasuma and Arima).
Japanese: 今参局（御今）や有馬持家とともに一時幕政に重きをなし、「三魔」（おいま、からすま、ありまと、「ま」がつく三人）と称された。
English: Nariyuki NIJO (November 1, 1816 – December 5, 1878) was a noble during the period between the end of the Edo period and the Meiji period.
Japanese: 二条斉敬（にじょうなりゆき、文化(元号)13年9月12日(旧暦)（1816年11月1日）-明治11年（1878年）12月5日）は、幕末から明治時代にかけての公卿。
English: In 1816, Nariyuki was born the second son of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) Narinobu NIJO and Tsuguko TOKUGAWA (the daughter of the lord of the Mito Domain Harutoshi TOKUGAWA and the older sister of Nariakira TOKUGAWA).
Japanese: 文化13年（1816年）父：左大臣二条斉信、母：徳川従子（水戸藩主徳川治紀の娘で徳川斉昭の姉）の二男として生まれる。
English: In May 1824, Nariyuki celebrated genpuku (attainment of manhood) whereby, in accordance with the practice of the Nijo family, being granted to use a portion of the real name of the Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Ienari TOKUGAWA, he changed his name to Nariyuki and was conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at age of 9.
Japanese: 文政7年（1824年）5月元服、二条家の慣例に従って征夷大将軍徳川家斉の偏諱を受け斉敬を名とし、9歳にして従五位下に叙せらる。
English: With respect to political situations after the coming of Kurofune, Nariyuki concurred with Nariakira MITO arguing against the charter of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan.
Japanese: 黒船来航以来の政局にあたっては水戸斉昭と同調し、日米修好通商条約締結の勅許も不可を唱えた。
English: On the initiative of Naosuke II who became Tairo (chief minister) in 1858, when Yoshifuku TOKUGAWA (later called Iemochi) was decided to be the 14th Shogun, Nariyuki went down to Edo as a messenger to deliver the appointment of Shogun.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）大老となった井伊直弼の主導により、紀州藩主徳川慶福（のち家茂）が14代将軍に決定すると、将軍宣下の使者として江戸へ下向。
English: Nariyuki became subject to punishment during Ansei no Taigoku (suppression extremists by the Shogunate) that commenced that year and was ordered to a 10-day confinement in his house during the following February (old calendar).
Japanese: 同年より始まった安政の大獄では処罰の対象となり、翌年2月に10日間の慎（つつしみ）を命じられた。
English: As the Sonno Joi Movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) mounted in Kyoto, along with the various other people including Imperial Prince Asahiko Kuninomiya (later called Imperial Prince Asahiko), Nariyuki was regarded as a part of the kobu-gattai (integration of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate) (pro-shogunate) faction.
Japanese: 京都の地で尊王攘夷運動が高まりを見せると、久邇宮朝彦親王（のちの朝彦親王）などとともに、公武合体（親幕）派と目される。
English: In January 1863, Nariyuki was appointed as Kokuji goyogakari (a general official of the Imperial Household in charge of State affairs) whereby there was antagonism between Nariyuki and the extremist nobles who were the Joi-ha (supporters of expulsion of foreigners) including Sanetomi SANJO and Kintomo ANEGAKOJI as well as the Choshu Clan supporting them.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）12月に国事御用掛に任ぜられ、攘夷派の過激公卿三条実美や姉小路公知ら、およびそれを支援する長州藩と対立。
English: In 1863, together with the former Kanpaku Tadahiro Konoe and Imperial Prince Asahiko, Nariyuki gained the Satsuma clan and Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto) Aizu clan over and carried out the Coup of August 18 successfully driving the Choshu clan and the extremist nobles (the exile of the seven nobles from Kyoto) out.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）前関白の近衛忠煕や朝彦親王とともに、薩摩藩および京都守護職の会津藩を引き入れ、八月十八日の政変を決行し、長州藩や過激派公卿の追放（七卿落ち）に成功した。
English: The Emperor Komei, who strongly sought kobu-gattai from the beginning, became increasingly dependant upon Nariyuki who was ordered to perform nairan (a preliminary inspection of official documents submitted from the Great Council of State to the Emperor) in October 1863 and, additionally, was promoted to Juichii Sadaijin (Junior First Rank, Minister of the Left) in January of the next year.
Japanese: もとより公武合体を強く欲していた孝明天皇の信頼はますます篤く、同年9月には内覧を命じられ、さらに12月には従一位左大臣に昇進。
English: Thereafter, working alongside Imperial Prince Asahiko, Nariyuki assisted Emperor Komei, settling the various critical affairs of States including the decision concerning the Choshu clan, issues related to the charter treaty and the matter of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's succession to the head of the Tokugawa family, played a key role as a pro-shogunate noble.
Japanese: 以後、朝彦親王と並んで孝明天皇を補佐し、長州処分問題、条約勅許問題、徳川慶喜の徳川宗家相続問題などの重要な政務を取り仕切り、親幕派公卿として活躍。
English: As a consequence, Nariyuki offended nobles of the pro-Imperial Rule Restoration faction and the situation developed into a demonstration by 22 retainers of the Imperial Court including Tsuneyuki NAKAMIKADO and Shigetomi OHARA to petition the Emperor for a reform of the government by the Imperial Court on September 9, 1866, demanding dismissal of Nariyuki and Imperial Prince Asahiko.
Japanese: このため、王政復古派の公卿から反撥され、慶応2年（1866年）8月には中御門経之・大原重徳ら22名の廷臣が列参して、朝政改革を奏請する事態に発展、斉敬および朝彦親王の罷免を要求するに至った。
English: In light of the above, Nariyuki submitted his resignation on the grounds that he could no longer be effective in assisting the Emperor with affairs of State, but Emperor Komei had deep trust towards those two rejecting Nariyuki's resignation.
Japanese: このため、斉敬は国事扶助の任に耐えずとの理由により辞表を奉呈するが、2人に対する孝明天皇の信頼は篤く、辞意は認められなかった。
English: In February of the following year, when Emperor Meiji ascended the throne, Nariyuki remained Sessho participating in affairs of State, but the pro-Imperial Rule Restoration faction gradually began to regain power around that time.
Japanese: 翌慶応3年正月、明治天皇が践祚すると、引きつづき摂政に任ぜられ、国政に当たったが、この頃より次第に王政復古派が復権。
English: In October Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA finally executed Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor), handing the government over to the Imperial Court.
Japanese: ついに10月には徳川慶喜が大政奉還を行い、朝廷に政権を委ねるに至る。
English: On January 3, 1868, the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule proclaimed the direct rule by the Emperor whereby abolishing Sekkan (regents and advisors) (however, later on, members of the Imperial Family could be appointed as Sekkan as prescribed by the Imperial House Act and there is an instance that when he was the Crown Prince, Emperor Showa became Regent to Emperor Taisho).
Japanese: 12月9日の王政復古の大号令により、天皇親政が宣言され、摂関は廃止された（ただし摂政は後に皇室典範の定めにより皇族が臨時に任命されることになり、実際昭和天皇が皇太子時代に大正天皇の摂政となった事例がある）。
English: In April 1869, Nariyuki was appointed as Omiya gosho Goyogakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household working at Empress Dowager's palace) during Emperor Meiji's gyoko (Imperial visit) to Tokyo and was subsequently appointed as Jako no ma shiko (emperor's personal attendant in Jako room) during August of that year.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）3月、明治天皇の東京行幸中の大宮御所御用掛、同年7月麝香間祗候を命ぜられる。
English: Nariyuki's biological children included Masamaro NIJO (who started a branch family and was conferred Baron), Toshitaka MIYAHASHI (who was adopted by the Miyahashi family and changed his family name to Keikoin) and Takafusa SHIJO (who was adopted by the Shijo family).
Japanese: 実子としては二条正麿（分家して男爵）、宮橋利敬（宮橋家へ養子。のち慶光院と改姓）、四条隆英（四条家へ養子）などがいる。
English: 1824, was conferred and appointed as Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grace), Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakonoe gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Ukonoe no Gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 1824年（文政7年）　従五位下、従四位下左近衛権少将、正四位下右近衛権中将
English: FUJIWARA no Keishi (also known as Tsuneko) (date of birth and death unknown) was a court lady during the late Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原経子（ふじわらのけいし/つねこ、生没年未詳）は、平安時代後期の女官。
English: Being in Emperor Shirakawa's favor, Keishi gave birth to a prince (Cloistered Imperial Prince Kakugyo) in April 1075.
Japanese: 承保2年（1075年）4月、白河天皇の寵愛を受けて皇子（覚行法親王）を産む。
English: Based on the rank of her husband Shigemori, Keishi was referred to as Dainagon Naishi no suke (secretary of the major councilor) or Dainagon sanmi (but the time frame for being awarded Junior Third Rank is unknown).
Japanese: 夫・重盛の官位から、大納言典侍、大納言三位と呼ばれた（ただし、従三位に叙された時期は不明）。
English: Nobukata KIYOHARA (1475 - August 24, 1550) was a Kugyo (the top court official) and a scholar during the Muromachi period and the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
Japanese: 清原宣賢（きよはらのぶかた、文明(日本)7年（1475年）－天文(元号)19年7月12日(旧暦)（1550年8月24日））は、室町時代・戦国時代(日本)の公卿・学者。
English: His children were Kanemigi YOSHIDA who succeeded the Yoshida family, Chikei-in who was mother of Yusai HOSOKAWA who received instruction of Kokin Waka shu (Kokin Waka imperial anthology).
Japanese: 子は、吉田家を継いだ吉田兼右、和歌古今伝授を受けた細川幽斎（幽斎）を生んだ娘（智慶院）など。
English: Nobukata served in the imperial court and gave lectures, also studied Myogyodo (one of the Confucian schools) and wrote lucubration and literary works about Kokugaku and Jugaku (native studies and Confucianism).
Japanese: 宣賢は宮中に仕えて講義を行い、明経道を整理して多くの国学儒学の論文著作をおこなった。
English: In 1529, he retired from the service of the court and shaved his head and became a bonze to devote his life to study naming himself Kansuiken Sobu as by name.
Japanese: 享禄2年（1529年）に宮仕えから身を引き、剃髪して環翠軒宗武と号し、学者としての活動に専念した。
English: Nobukata's works are still existing and they are the basis of Nihon kokugaku (studies of Japanese literature and culture).
Japanese: 宣賢の著作物は現在も多く残されており、日本国学研究の基礎資料となっている。
English: Some documents called him Funabashi Daigeki (Senior Outer Clerk) Nobukata because the name of family was changed from Kiyohara to Funabashi by Hidekata who was the fourth generation of the Kiyohara family.
Japanese: なお、清原家は四代後の秀賢から舟橋家を称したため、清原宣賢を船橋大外記宣賢と記した史料もある。
English: Ganku (1756 or 1749 - January 19, 1839) was a painter who lived in the Edo period.
Japanese: 岸駒（がんく、宝暦6年（1756年）（寛延2年（1749年）説あり）-天保9年12月5日(旧暦)（1839年1月19日））は、江戸時代の画家。
English: He became a valet of Arisugawa no Miya, and he studied the Shinnanpin-ha (the Shinnanpin school) and the MARUYAMA school, combined them, and produced decorative paintings with sharp brushwork on walls and screens mainly in Kyoto.
Japanese: 有栖川宮の近侍となり、沈南蘋派、円山派などを学び、これらを折衷し、主に京都で装飾的で筆法の鋭い障壁画などを描く。
English: Harumitsu ODACHI (date of birth unknown - June 6, 1565) was a shogunate retainer of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
Japanese: 大舘晴光（おおだちはるみつ、生年不詳-永禄8年4月28日(旧暦)（1565年6月6日））は、戦国時代(日本)の室町幕府幕臣。
English: The Odachi clan (大舘 or 大館) was a branch family of Nitta family which was allied to the Ashikaga family, and had held important posts in the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 大舘氏（「大館」とも表記する）は、足利家と同族の新田家支族であり、代々室町幕府の重職を務めてきた家柄だ。
English: As his sisters were concubines of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA who was the Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), Harumitsu enjoyed a deep confidence of the Shogun Ashikaga family and conferred Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) in 1559, succeeded in the government service such as Emon fu (the Gate Guards), Kokushi (an officer of local government) in Kazusa Province and Mutsu Province.
Japanese: また、姉妹が征夷大将軍足利義晴の側室であった事から足利将軍家の覚えもめでたく、永禄2年（1559年）には従四位下に叙せられ、衛門府・上総国国司・陸奥国国司などを歴任した。
English: Harumitsu was a chief negotiator of Kagetora NAGAO (Kenshin UESUGI) whom the thirteenth Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA had the utmost respect for, and in 1559 when Kagetora went to the capital Kyoto, he was in charge of entertaining Kagetora.
Japanese: 第13代将軍足利義輝が最も重要視していた越後国の長尾景虎（上杉謙信）との交渉の責任者であり、永禄2年（1559年）に景虎が上洛した際には接待役に任じられている。
English: Harumitsu was also served as a reconciliatory mediator between Kagetora and Ujiyasu HOJO by the order of Yoshiteru, but it failed.
Japanese: また、成功はしなかったものの、義輝の命により景虎と北条氏康との和睦交渉の仲介役にあたった。
English: Kanehira TAKATSUKASA (1228 - August 30, 1294) was a Kugyo (top court official) during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 鷹司兼平（たかつかさかねひら、安貞2年（1228年）-永仁2年8月8日(旧暦)（1294年8月30日））は、鎌倉時代の公卿。
English: He was a well-known calligrapher and he was said to be a model of Konoe no otono for the travel literature "Towazugatari."
Japanese: 能書家としても知られており、『とはずがたり』の近衛大殿は彼に比定されていると言われている。
English: On April 23, 1240, he was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank), and retained his position as Gon no dainagon, Ukonoe no taisho and Umeryogyokan.
Japanese: 1240年(延応元)4月23日、正二位に昇叙し、権大納言右近衛大将右馬寮御監如元。
English: Hisayasu KATAYAMA (1574 - 1650) was a great swordsman during the Azuchi-momoyama period and early Edo period.
Japanese: 片山久安（かたやまひさやす、天正2年(1574年)-慶安3年(1650年)）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代初期の剣豪。
English: There is a theory that he was an apprentice of Jinsuke HAYASHIZAKI, however, according to the tradition of the Katayama-Hoki school, he received sword instructions from his uncle Shoan.
Japanese: 林崎甚助の弟子とする説もあるが、片山伯耆流の伝承によると、伯父の松庵より秘剣を伝授された。
English: He had a revelation from the kanji '貫' that means sticking to your principle at the Atago jinja Shrine in Kyoto City, he then founded his school. (The tradition of Katayama-Hoki school didn't mention anything about Jinsuke HAYASHIZAKI..)
Japanese: 京都の愛宕神社(京都市)で「貫」の一字の啓示を受け、流派を開いたと伝えられる（片山伯耆流の伝承では林崎甚助の名は出てこない）。
English: Hisayasu KATAYAMA received instructions of Kumiuchi (Japanese traditional self-defense martial art, jujutsu) from Hisamori TAKEUCHI and gave Hisamori TAKEUCHI instructions in Iai.
Japanese: 竹内久盛から片山久安に組討（柔術）を、逆に片山久安から竹内久盛に居合を互いに教えあったと伝えられている。
English: He was invited by Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI to teach martial arts and then he was said to confer Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed as Hoki no kami (Provincial Governor of Hoki) in 1610 because of the martial art performance he held called 'Isonami' in front of Emperor Goyozei.
Japanese: その後、豊臣秀次に招かれ武術を教え、慶長15年（1610年）、後陽成天皇の御前で「磯波」を演武して従五位下・伯耆守に叙されたと伝えられる。
English: He moved to Aki Province during the Genwa period and many retainers of the Asano clan, the lord of the Hiroshima Domain, became disciples of his school.
Japanese: 元和(日本)年間に安芸国に移り、広島藩の領主・浅野氏の家臣が多く入門した。
English: Then he moved to Suo Province (now Iwakuni City) as a guest of Hiromasa KIKKAWA who was the lord of the Iwakuni Domain and died there.
Japanese: その後、周防国の岩国市に移り、岩国藩の領主・吉川広正の客分となり、同地で没した。
English: His son Hisakatsu KATAYAMA founded the Katayama-Shindo school and another son Hisataka KATAYAMA took over the Katayama-Hoki school.
Japanese: 息子のうち、片山久勝は片山心働流を開き、片山久隆が片山伯耆流を継承した。
English: Hisataka served for the Kikkawa clan and the Katayama family had served for the Iwakuni Domain as one of the sword master families until abolition of feudal domains.
Japanese: 久隆は吉川氏に仕え、片山家は岩国藩の剣術師家の一つとして廃藩まで仕えた。
English: Eisen OKUDA (1753 - 1811) was a ceramic artist in the mid and late Edo period.
Japanese: 奥田頴川（おくだえいせん、宝暦3年（1753年）-文化(日本)8年（1811年））は江戸時代中後期の陶芸家。
English: As with Ikkan HIKI, his family was probably a descendant of the Ming people who had escaped from Qing invasion.
Japanese: 実家は飛来一閑と同様、清の侵攻から亡命した明人の末裔であったといわれる。
English: He was actually more adept at doing cultural activities than business, so he entrusted a job to a chief clerk in spite of taking over the family business, and was busy doing lessons in various personal accomplishments.
Japanese: 元来商売より文化活動に向いていた人物で、後を嗣いでも商売は番頭に任せ、諸芸の稽古に精を出していたという。
English: He was so deeply absorbed in ceramic art, one of his hobbies, that he handed over the family business to his son and retired at the age of 36.
Japanese: 趣味の一つである陶芸には特に熱を上げ、36歳の時には息子に跡を譲り隠居してしまう。
English: Through trial and error in the dark, he finally succeeded in the experiment of manufacturing porcelain that was produced only in Kyushu in Japan at that time.
Japanese: 特に当時国内では九州でしか生産できなかった磁器の製造実験を行い暗中模索の末に成功。
English: He was generous enough to unveil these techniques to young craftsmen who happened to hear the news and call on him; he contributed to the development of Kyo yaki (Kyoto style ceramic art).
Japanese: 噂を聞いて集まった若手工人達にその技術を惜しげもなく公開し、京焼の発展に貢献した。
English: He adopted the Chinese-style Etsuke (painting on china), such as 'Sometsuke' (dyed ceramics), 'Akae' (ceramics with red paintings), or 'Kochi' (ware), which were different from existing Kyo yaki style, and then created a great boom.
Japanese: また作風においても、それまでの京焼とは異なる「染付」「赤絵」「交趾」など中国風の絵付けを施し、一大ブームを起こした。
English: Eisen was not a professional ceramic artist but an amateur; that was the very reason why he could developed new porcelain as well as adopt the unconventional Etsuke style at that time.
Japanese: 磁器の開発にしろ、新規な絵付けにしろ、頴川が職業工人ではなく素人陶芸家であったからこそ当時は可能だった事なのだ。
English: Dohachi NINAMI (1782 - 1855) was a ceramic artist in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 仁阿弥道八（にんあみどうはち、天明2年（1782年）-安政2年（1855年））は江戸時代後期の陶芸家。
English: Born as the second son of Dohachi TAKAHASHI the first, he took over as the head of the family at the age of 29 because his brother died young; he started his own kiln in Gojozaka, Kyoto.
Japanese: 初代・高橋道八の次男として生まれ、兄の早世により29歳で家督相続、京・五条坂に開窯。
English: He was well trained under the guidance of Eisen OKUDA and Bunzo HOZAN, and became known as a master of Kyo yaki (Kyoto style ceramic art) along with Mokubei AOKI.
Japanese: 奥田頴川、宝山文蔵らのもとで修行を積み、青木木米らと共に京焼の名手として知られる。
English: The kanji character 'Nin' (仁) used in his name was given from Ninnajinomiya, and 'Ami' (阿弥) from Sanboinnomiya of the Daigo-ji Temple; he took the priest name of 'Ninami' (仁阿弥).
Japanese: 仁和寺宮より「仁」、醍醐寺三宝院宮より「阿弥」の号を賜り、出家名「仁阿弥」を称する。
English: At the age of 45, he took part in the starting up of Oniwa yaki (ware) of the Kishu Domain (Kairakuen yaki), and subsequently attended the launching of Oniwa yaki of the Takamatsu Domain (Sanyo 賛窯), Oniwa yaki of the Satsuma Domain (Satsuma yaki), Oniwa yaki of the Suminokura family (Ippodo yaki), Oniwa yaki of the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple (Rozan yaki).
Japanese: 45歳の時に紀州藩御庭焼（偕楽園焼）立ち上げに参画、以後、高松藩御庭焼（賛窯）、薩摩藩御庭焼（薩摩焼）、角倉家御庭焼（一方堂焼）、西本願寺御庭焼（露山焼）などの立ち上げに参画。
English: Although he had a retirement life in Fushimi in 1842, he set up a kiln called 'Momoyama gama' and kept on working.
Japanese: 天保13年（1842年）、伏見に隠居するも、以後も「桃山窯」を開窯、作陶を続けた。
English: His style was totally different from that of Mokubei AOKI, who was also a contemporary master of Kyo yaki, and he created a lot of ceramic works of great variety and free of idiosyncrasies.
Japanese: 同時代の同じ京焼の名手である青木木米とは全く対照的な作風で、多種多彩で癖がない作品を大量に製作した。
English: He excelled in making Iro-e so and was praised as 'the second coming of Kenzan OGATA, or Ninsei NONOMURA.'
Japanese: 特に色絵は「尾形乾山、野々村仁清の再来」とまで称された名手であった。
English: He created not only tableware or vessels but also pottery and porcelain figures of humans or animals, many of which were regarded as masterpieces.
Japanese: また茶碗などの食器や容器ばかりではなく、人物や動物などの陶像や磁器像の製作も行い、名品が多いと言われる。
English: The refined 'nobleness' could be pointed out as a common feature of his works.
Japanese: それらの作品に共通する特徴を挙げると品の良い「高貴性」が感じられる点である。
English: Which is why he was invited by prestigious families throughout Japan, and revered as a master of Oniwa yaki.
Japanese: それ故に日本各地の名家から招かれ、御庭焼の師として仰がれたと考えられる。