nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to the description in an essay, "Mimibukuro" dating from the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries, on the first year of Tenmei, there is a legend that one dog was very loyal to the owner, so in reward for that loyalty the Emperor Kokaku conferred the sixth court rank upon the dog.
Japanese: 18世紀末から19世紀初めにかけての随筆『耳袋』の記述によると、天明元年に、ある大名に飼われていた狆の主人に対する態度が噂となり、それを知った光格天皇がその狆の忠節を認めて六位を賜えたという話が伝えられている。
English: Emperor Gokashiwabara (November 19, 1464 - May 19, 1526) was the 104th Emperor, reigning from November 16, 1500 to May 19, 1526 in the Muromachi and Sengoku (warring states) periods, the latter being the period of civil wars between rival daimyo.
Japanese: 後柏原天皇（ごかしわばらてんのう、寛正5年10月20日（1464年11月19日）-大永6年4月7日（1526年5月19日））は、室町時代、戦国時代の第104代天皇（在位：明応9年10月25日（1500年11月16日）-大永6年4月7日（1526年5月19日）。
English: However, due to the damage from the Onin War, the financial situation of the Imperial Palace was fragile and the enthronement ceremony could not be afforded; therefore, the palace stopped some of the imperial ceremonies in order to save money for the enthronement ceremony, and finally, on March 22, 1521, twenty-two years after the succession to the throne, there was a ceremony held after collecting donations from Jitsunyo of Hongan-ji Temple and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: しかしながら、応仁の乱後遺症の為、朝廷の財政は逼迫しており、即位の礼を行う事ができず、その費用調達の為に朝廷の儀式を中止するなど経費節約をし、本願寺実如や室町幕府の献金を受け即位22年目の1521年3月22日にようやく即位の礼を執り行うことができた。
English: After the Onin War, court nobles were dispersed to different areas of the country and the financial situation of the Imperial Palace remained fragile; therefore, it was a difficult time for the Emperor, since he didn't have much authority during this period.
Japanese: 応仁の乱により、公卿は地方に離散し、朝廷の財政は窮乏し、天皇の権威も地に落ちていた非常につらい時代だったといえる。
English: The Emperor worked to restore the Imperial Court events that had long been shelved due to financial difficulties, while on the other hand he cared for people who suffered from the fighting and disease.
Japanese: 財政難で中断した朝廷の儀式の復興に力を入れる反面、戦乱や疾病に苦しむ民を思った。
English: The Emperor became a believer in Buddhism, and he wrote 'The Wisdom Sutras' for presentation to Enryaku-ji Temple and Ninna-ji Temple while the spread of smallpox continued in 1525.
Japanese: 仏教に帰依し、1525（大永5）年の疱瘡大流行時には自ら筆をとって「般若心経」を延暦寺と仁和寺に奉納した。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi at Fukakusa Bo-cho, in the Fushimi Ward of Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区深草坊町の深草北陵（ふかくさのきたのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Gotsuchimikado (July 3, 1442 - October 21, 1500), the 103rd Emperor, reigned in the Muromachi period from August 21, 1464 to October 21, 1500.
Japanese: 後土御門天皇（ごつちみかどてんのう、嘉吉2年5月25日（1442年7月3日）-明応9年9月28日（1500年10月21日））は、室町時代の第103代天皇（在位寛正5年7月19日（1464年8月21日）-明応9年9月28日（1500年10月21日））。
English: Soon after the enthronement the Onin War occurred, and temples, shrines and court nobles' palaces were burned down; subsequently, the Imperial Palace, which was financially fragile, collapsed.
Japanese: 即位後ほどなく応仁の乱がおき、寺社や公卿の館は焼け、朝廷の財源は枯渇し朝廷は衰微した。
English: After the war, the Emperor was keen to restore the traditional events of the Imperial Palace; however, it didn't go so well, and he died on September 28, 1500
Japanese: 乱の終結後、朝廷の古来の儀式の復活に熱意を注ぐが思うように行かず、明応9年9月28日、崩御している。
English: He was furious about the Coup of Meio and decided to abdicate the throne; however, he didn't do so after receiving advice from Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Chikanaga KANROJI, who had long been an aide to the Emperor.
Japanese: 明応の政変に憤慨して一時は譲位を決意するが、老臣である大納言甘露寺親長の諫奏によって取りやめる。
English: Because the Imperial Palace was nearly bankrupt at that time, it is said that the Emperor was concerned over the worst situation in which money would have to be borrowed from Masamoto HOSOKAWA for an enthronement ceremony, even though he had caused the war.
Japanese: その背景には朝廷に譲位の儀式のため費用がなく、その費用を政変を起こした細川政元に借りるという自己矛盾に陥る事態を危惧したとも言われている。
English: A portion of his remains was left at Hanshuin no Misasagi, in the Kamigyo Ward of Kyoto City, as was done in the case of his father, Emperor Gohanazono.
Japanese: また、遺骨の一部は、父・後花園天皇と同様に、京都市上京区の般舟院陵（はんしゅういんのみささぎ）に分骨された。
English: Emperor Gokomatsu (August 1, 1377 - December 1, 1433) was the sixth and last Emperor of the Muromachi period (Northern Court), or the 100th Emperor (his reign was from May 24, 1382 to October 5, 1412).
Japanese: 後小松天皇（ごこまつてんのう、永和3年/天授3年6月27日（1377年8月1日）-永享5年10月20日（1433年12月1日））は、室町時代北朝最後の第6代、歴代第100代の天皇（在位永徳2年/弘和2年4月11日（1382年5月24日）-応永19年8月29日（1412年10月5日））。
English: Since the Southern Court was determined to be the standard in 1911, the period of the Emperor's reign was re-established as having lasted from 1392 to 1412 which is after the peace settlement of the Meitoku era.
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）に南朝が正統とされたため、在位期間が明徳の和約以降（1392-1412）に繰り下げられてしまっている。
English: Until then the Northern Court, which ultimately led to the current Imperial line, was considered as the standard period, therefore the period of the Emperor's reign in the Northern Court was used (1382 - 1412).
Japanese: それまでは一貫して現皇統につながる北朝が正統とされていたため北朝在位年数（1382-1412）を使用していた。
English: On December 28, 1382, Emperor Gokomatsu succeeded to the throne at the age of six after his father, Emperor Goenyu passed the throne to him, and the Emperor Goenyu, now the Retired Emperor, started the cloister government.
Japanese: 弘和2年（1382年）12月28日、父の後円融天皇の譲位を受けて6歳で即位、後円融上皇による院政が行われた。
English: There was an abrupt relationship between the Retired Emperor and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) --the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who influenced his political power within the Imperial Palace and held many court nobles in the relationship of master and servant--and each party opposed each other.
Japanese: 朝廷内部にまで政治的影響力を及ぼし多くの公家を主従関係の下に置いた室町幕府3代将軍足利義満と上皇の関係は険悪であり、両者は対立する。
English: Following the death of the Retired Emperor Goenyu in 1393, Yoshimitsu had even stronger power to influence the Imperial Palace and took control of the politics as an actual retired emperor; in later years it was called 'Yoshimitsu's cloister government,' while Emperor Gokomatsu acted as the tool of another person.
Japanese: 明徳4年（1393年）に後円融上皇が死去すると、義満はさらに朝廷への影響を強め、事実上の上皇として、後世「義満の院政」などと呼ばれる権力を振るい、後小松はその下でまったくの傀儡に甘んじた。
English: On August 29, 1412, Emperor Gokomatsu abdicated to pass the throne to his son, Imperial Prince Mihito (the future Emperor Shoko) and started his cloister government.
Japanese: 応永19年（1412年）8月29日、後小松は皇子の実仁親王（称光天皇）に譲位し、院政を開始。
English: This was against the agreement of sharing imperial succession as decided by the union of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392, and subsequently the two sides often opposed each other in armed conflicts.
Japanese: これは明徳3年（1392年）の南北朝合一の際の条件である両統迭立に反しており、その後南朝勢力はしばしば反発して武装蜂起する。
English: Because Emperor Shoko was weak and often in serious condition, he did not have any children to succeed as prince; moreover, Gokomatsu's second son Ogawanomiya died young, so there was the issue of who would succeed to the throne; however, after Retired Emperor Gokomatsu had a meeting with the fourth Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa of Suko Ryu (a descendant of Emperor Suko) was appointed as a successor once he received the title of a Imperial Prince by the imperial order and became Gokomatsu's adopted child.
Japanese: 称光天皇は病弱でたびたび重態に陥り、皇子の誕生もなく、また後小松の次男小川宮も早世したため後継者問題が生じ、後小松上皇は4代将軍足利義持と協議、後継者として崇光流の伏見宮貞成親王が有力視され、一時は後小松の猶子として親王宣下された。
English: However, Emperor Shoko was strongly opposed to the arrangement, and Sadafusa became a priest and gave up on the plan of succeeding to the throne.
Japanese: しかし、これには称光が激しく反発したため、貞成は出家して皇位継承を断念した。
English: In 1428, when Emperor Shoko was in critical condition, the sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA acted as an intermediary, and Sadafusa's son Hikohito was adopted by the Emperor and succeeded to the throne as Emperor Gohanazono.
Japanese: 正長元年（1428年）にいよいよ称光が危篤となると、6代将軍足利義教の仲介で貞成の子息彦仁を猶子とし、後花園天皇として即位させた。
English: During the eras of the two generations, Shoko and Gohanazono, Emperor Gokomatsu ruled his cloister government; he became a priest during this period, in 1431.
Japanese: 称光・後花園の2代にわたり院政を行い、この間永享3年（1431年）に出家している。
English: Emperor Koko was enthroned after the death of his brother's grandchild, Emperor Yozei, and his descendants kept the succession to the Imperial Throne for a long time.
Japanese: 光孝天皇は兄の孫・陽成天皇の廃位のち皇位につき、その子孫は長く皇位を保った。
English: Although the family line of imperial succession changed to Emperor Suko's line, Emperor Gokomatsu showed his considerable will to justify his own imperial line by having this posthumous name.
Japanese: 崇光天皇系への皇統移行が現実となった今、自らの正統性を諡号によって示そうとした後小松の固い意志が感じ取れる。
English: Emperor Gokomatsu, in 1426, ordered that "Honcho Koin Joun roku" be edited so as to organize the Imperial Family records, at a time in which Emperor Shoko was ill; additionally, it shows that the Emperor Gokomatsu strongly believed the justice of his family line in succeeding to the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: また、称光天皇の容態が思わしくなかった1426年に後小松が『本朝皇胤紹運録』の作成を命じて、皇室の系図の整理を行わせているのもこうした自身の正統性への思い入れの反映であると考えられる。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi at Fukakusa Bo-cho, in the Fushimi Ward of Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区深草坊町にある深草北陵（ふかくさのきたのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Gonijo (March 9, 1285 - September 10, 1308) was the ninety-fourth Emperor during Kamakura period. (his reign was from March 3, 1301to September 10, 1308)
Japanese: 後二条天皇（ごにじょうてんのう、弘安8年2月2日（1285年3月9日）-徳治3年8月25日（1308年9月10日））は、鎌倉時代の第94代天皇（在位：正安3年1月22日（1301年3月3日）-徳治3年8月25日（1308年9月10日））。
English: He received the title Prince by Imperial order in 1286 and became the Crown Prince of Emperor Gofushimi of the Jimyo-in Imperial line in 1296.
Japanese: 1286年に親王宣下を受け、1296年に持明院統の後伏見天皇の皇太子になる。
English: There was a severe struggle for Imperial succession between the Daikakuji-to Imperial line and the Jimyo-in Imperial line during this period, and it is said the Emperor's grandfather, Emperor Kameyama, worked hard for the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to allow the Emperor to succeed to the throne.
Japanese: 大覚寺統と持明院統の間で激しい後継争いが続いていた時期で、天皇の即位には祖父の亀山天皇の鎌倉幕府への強い働きかけがあったといわれている。
English: However, the Emperor died of illness only seven years after his enthronement, and the next successor to the throne, who was supposed to succeed the Daikakuji-to line to the Emperor, Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi, was only nine years old at that time, an agreement between both parties to share the Imperial succession in turn, which was arbitrated by the Kamakura bakufu, was no longer valid.
Japanese: だが、在位わずか7年で病没したこと、その時点で次の大覚寺統の嫡流を継ぐべき邦良親王がわずか9歳だったことから、大覚寺統と持明院統が交互に皇位継承していくという幕府裁定の両統迭立原則が崩壊してしまう事になった。
English: As a solution, Emperor Godaigo was appointed to temporarily succeed to the throne, and this caused adverse claims and started a movement to close down the bakufu in order to prevent their participation in the Imperial succession.
Japanese: そしてその調整策の結果、中継ぎとしての後醍醐天皇の即位、そして皇位継承への幕府の関与に対する異議申し立てに発する討幕運動へと展開していく事になるのである。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Kita Shirakawa no Misasagi, Oiwake-cho Town, Kita Shirakawa, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市左京区北白川追分町にある北白河陵（きたしらかわのみささぎ）に葬られたといわれている。
English: Emperor Rokujo (December 28, 1164 - August 23, 1176) was the seventy-ninth Emperor in Japan. (his reign was from August 3, 1165 to March 30, 1168.)
Japanese: 六条天皇（ろくじょうてんのう、長寛2年11月14日（1164年12月28日）-安元2年7月17日（1176年8月23日））は日本の第79代天皇（在位永万元年6月25日（1165年8月3日）-仁安3年2月29日（1168年3月30日））。
English: He received the title of Prince by Imperial order when he was seven months and eleven days old (two years old by counting in the old Japanese way) and became Crown Prince, he then succeeded to the throne on the same day. (the youngest Emperor in the history)
Japanese: 生後7ヶ月と11日（数え年で2歳）で親王宣下・立太子し、その日のうちに践祚（歴代最年少即位）。
English: Two months later, on August 27, the enthronement ceremony was held, however the ceremony was stopped because the Emperor started crying, his nanny (Kurodo no To, FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna's daughter Nariko) gave him some milk and he finally calmed down. (It is said that Tadachika NAKAYAMA, the quick witted state councilor, remarked that it was more important for the baby to have milk than have an enthronement ceremony.)
Japanese: その2か月後の8月27日に即位式が行われるも、途中で泣き出して中断したために慌てて乳母（蔵人頭・藤原邦綱の娘、成子）が授乳させてやっと落ち着いたという（参議・中山忠親が、赤ん坊には儀式よりも乳の方が大切であると機転を利かせたのだという）。
English: There was no way the young Emperor was able to rule the government, the regent, Motozane KONOE (Ikushi's older brother) and Kunitsuna officially took control of politics.
Japanese: 勿論政務が執れるわけも無く、摂政・近衛基実（育子の兄）と邦綱が表向きを取り仕切った。
English: After two years and eight months of being in power, the Emperor abdicated and passed the throne to his uncle, Imperial Prince Norihito (later called Emperor Takakura) as it was insisted upon by the retired Emperor Goshirakawa. (the youngest retired emperor in the history)
Japanese: 在位2年8ヶ月で祖父・後白河上皇の意向により、叔父の憲仁親王（後の高倉天皇）に譲位する（歴代最年少太上天皇）。
English: After that, the Emperor did not get much attention from the public and he spent a lonely time, he died at the age of thirteen, without even having a coming-of age ceremony. (It is said that he died of dysentery.)
Japanese: その後は世間からも忘れ去られた寂しい生涯を送り、元服を行う事も無く13歳で死去（死因は赤痢と言われる）。
English: His father, Emperor Nijo tried to directly rule the government and was opposed to Goshirakawa, he put an end to Goshirakawa's cloister government by saying he was scheming to allow his half younger brother, Prince Norihito, ascend to the throne, and Norihito's uncle, TAIRA no Tokitada was sentenced to deportation, TAIRA no Norimori, FUJIWARA no Narichika and FUJIWARA no Nobutaka lost their positions.
Japanese: 父である二条天皇は在世中に親政を行おうとして後白河と対立した上、異母弟・憲仁の擁立を画策したとして、憲仁の叔父・平時忠を流罪、平教盛・藤原成親・藤原信隆を解官して後白河の院政を停止させた。
English: After Emperor Nijo died, Goshirakawa, who lost his political power, worked together with Kiyomori, and it is said that Imperial succession was passed from his nephew to his uncle in an unusual way.
Japanese: 二条天皇の死後に、政治の実権を奪われていた後白河が清盛と手を結んで、甥から叔父へと言う不自然な皇位継承を実現させたと言われている。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Seikan-ji no Misasagi at Uta no Nakayama-cho Town, Seikan-ji, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市東山区清閑寺歌ノ中山町の清閑寺陵（せいかんじのみささぎ）に葬られたとされる｡
English: Emperor Takakura (September 23, 1161 - February 6 1181, his reign was from March 30, 1168 to March 18, 1180, cloister government was 1180), he was the eightieth Emperor.
Japanese: 高倉天皇（たかくらてんのう、応保元年9月3日（1161年9月23日）-養和元年1月14日（1181年2月6日）、在位仁安3年2月19日（1168年3月30日）-治承4年2月21日（1180年3月18日）、院政1180年）は第80代の天皇。
English: Emperor Takakura was TAIRA no Kiyomori's nephew in law, while TAIRA no Kiyomori had the control of the politics at that time, the Emperor Takakura was appointed to succeed to the throne after Emperor Rokujo (Emperor Nijo's child and Emperor Takakura's nephew) was forced to abdicate when he was three years old, who was set up to succeed to the throne after Emperor Nijo died by the retired Emperor Goshirakara in, since Goshirakawa was not able to rule his Cloister government due to Emperor Nijo's political pressure who opposed to Goshirakawa on political policy during that period.
Japanese: 政界の実力者・平清盛の義理の甥にあたる事に加えて、当時政治方針を巡って対立した二条天皇によって院政停止状態に置かれていた後白河院の不満から、二条天皇の死後に立てられた六条天皇（二条天皇の子、高倉天皇からみて甥）をわずか3歳で退位させ、天皇として擁立された。
English: His father, Goshirakawa-in, ruled the cloister government and the throne was passed to Emperor Antoku, TAIRA no Kiyomori's grandchild.
Japanese: 政務は父後白河院が院政を敷き、平清盛の孫にあたる安徳天皇に皇位を譲った。
English: It is said the Emperor came under pressure from both Goshirakawa-in and the Taira clan, however according to recent studies, a theory developed that he had the intention to rule the government together with the Taira clan.
Japanese: 後白河院と平氏の圧力に悩まされ続けた天皇とされてきたが、近年の研究では平氏一門と組んで政治を押し進める意図を持っていたとの説も出ている。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Nochi no Seikan-ji no Misasagi, Uta no Nakayama-cho Town, Seikan-ji, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市東山区清閑寺歌ノ中山町の後清閑寺陵（のちのせいかんじのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Tsuchimikado (January 3, 1196 - November 6, 1231) was the eighty-third Emperor during the Kamakura period. (his reign was from February 18, 1198 to December 12, 1210.)
Japanese: 土御門天皇（つちみかどてんのう、建久6年12月2日（1196年1月3日）-寛喜3年10月11日（1231年11月6日））は鎌倉時代の第83代天皇（在位：建久9年1月11日（1198年2月18日）-承元4年11月25日（1210年12月12日）。
English: His mother was Shomeimon-in MINAMOTO no Zaishi, an adopted daughter of Michichika KOGA. (MINAMOTO no Michichika) (In fact a daughter of a Hossho-ji Temple executive, the highest rank among Buddhist priests, Noen.)
Japanese: 母は、久我通親（源通親）の養女（実は法勝寺執行法印能円の女）承明門院・源在子。
English: However retired Emperor Gotoba judged the Emperor's gentle character as not being suitable to deal with the government, he forced the Emperor to abdicate in 1210, and his brother, Emperor Juntoku succeeded to the throne instead.
Japanese: しかし、穏和な性格が幕府との関係上心許ないと見た後鳥羽上皇は、1210年退位を迫り、弟の順徳天皇に譲位した。
English: In Kyoto, the Emperor's maternal grandfather, MINAMOTO no Michichika had political power as a Betto, in Kamakura after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo died in 1199, Tokimasa HOJO took the actual political control for Gokenin, where the Shogun has political power and the Samurai pledge their loyalty to the Shogun.
Japanese: 京都では、外祖父である源通親が別当として権力を掌握し、鎌倉では、1199年に源頼朝が亡くなり、事実上北条時政による御家人政治が行われていた。
English: When the Jokyo Disturbance occurred in 1221, although Emperor Tsuchimikado had nothing to do with the incident, he insisted on being deported to Tosa Province after his father, Gotoba-in was sentenced to deportation to a far destination.
Japanese: 1221年の承久の乱のおりには、土御門上皇は何も関与していなかったので処罰の対象にはならなかったが、父である後鳥羽院が遠流であるのに、自分が京にいるのは忍びないと、自ら申し出て土佐国に流された。
English: The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) looked after the Emperor well, by building him a Palace in Awa, although retired Emperor Gotoba and Juntoku did not get the same treatment from the government.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府も後鳥羽・順徳両上皇とは違って、守護に対して阿波の宮殿を造営させるなどの厚遇振りを見せている。
English: There is a theory that the originator, Nichiren of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism, was one of Emperor Tsuchimikado's descendents.
Japanese: 一説には日蓮宗の開祖日蓮は、この土御門天皇の皇胤であると言われている。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Kanegahara no Misasagi, in Kanegahara, Nagaoka kyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府長岡京市金ヶ原の金原天皇陵（かねがからのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Kogon (August 1, 1313 - August 5, 1364), his reign was from October 22, 1331 to July 7, 1333) and he was the first Emperor of Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 光厳天皇（こうごんてんのう正和2年7月9日（1313年8月1日）-正平19年/貞治3年7月7日（1364年8月5日）、在位：元弘元年9月20日（1331年10月22日）-元弘3年/正慶2年5月25日（1333年7月7日））は、南北朝時代の北朝第1代天皇とされている。
English: In 1911 it was decided to use the Southern Court as the standard era, Emperor Kogon was excluded from successive emperors. (Until then the Northern dynasty era was considered as the standard era that leads to current Imperial lines.)
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）に南朝が正統とされたため、歴代天皇からは除外されてしまっている（それまでは一貫して現皇統につながる北朝が正統とされていた）。
English: It was decided, by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), to share the Imperial succession between the Jimyo-in Imperial line and the Daikaku-ji Imperial line every ten years, however, there was an exceptional settlement to succeed to the throne after Emperor Gonijo died suddenly after being in power for seven years, described as follows; Emperor Gonijo (Daikaku-ji Imperial line)=>Emperor Hanazono (Jimyo-in Imperial line)=>Emperor Godaigo (Daikaku-ji Imperial line)=>Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi (Kuninaga) (Daikaku-ji Imperial line, legitimate son of Emperor Gonijo)=>Imperial Prince Kazuhito. (Jimyo-in Imperial line)
Japanese: 当時、鎌倉幕府の裁定によって、持明院統と大覚寺統は10年ごとに天皇を交代させる決まりになっていたが、大覚寺統の後二条天皇が在位7年での急死後に例外的に後二条（大覚寺統）→花園（持明院統）→後醍醐（大覚寺統）→邦良親王（大覚寺統・後二条嫡男）→量仁親王（持明院統）という例外的な皇位継承順位が定められていた。
English: However Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi (Kuninaga) died of an illness in that year, Imperial Prince Kazuhito was decided, in haste, to become the Crown Prince.
Japanese: ところがこの年に邦良親王が病死したため、急遽量仁親王の繰り上げ立太子が実現したのである。
English: But the Emperor Godaigo who was in power at that period did not accept abdicating his position and insisted the Kamakura bakufu's settlement was invalid.
Japanese: だが、当時皇位にあった後醍醐天皇は幕府の裁定そのものの無効を主張して譲位には応じなかった。
English: When Emperor Godaigo's intentions became apparent in 1331, he raised an army in haste, however, he was caught by the government, and Emperor Kogon succeeded to the throne on September 20.
Japanese: 1331年、後醍醐天皇による倒幕のもくろみが明らかになると、後醍醐天皇は急遽挙兵するが幕府に捕らえられ、9月20日に光厳天皇が即位する。
English: Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi's (Kuninaga) legitimate son, Kidera no Miya Imperial Prince Yasuhito, was appointed the Crown Prince, then the principal of sharing the Imperial Succession was maintained.
Japanese: 皇太子には邦良親王の嫡男木寺宮康仁親王が立てられて、両統迭立原則は維持される事となった。
English: In the following year, Emperor Godaigo was sentenced to deportation to Oki Province, however he refused to abdicate and stood side by side with Emperor Kogon, and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts started from that time.
Japanese: 翌年、後醍醐天皇は隠岐国に流されるが退位を拒否し、光厳天皇と並立したため、広義にはこの時代より南北朝時代と呼ぶ。
English: In 1333 Takauji ASHIKAGA's army attacked Rokuhara Tandai; the Kamakura bakufu's agents stationed in Rokuhara, Kyoto, they tried to escape to the Eastern country together with the magistrate of Rokuhara Tandai, together with Nakatoki HOJO and Tokimasu HOJO, however, they were caught at Banba Station in Omi Province, their positions were taken away on May 25.
Japanese: 1333年、足利尊氏の軍が京都の六波羅探題を襲撃し、探題北条仲時、北条時益とともに東国に逃れようとしたが近江国番場宿で捕らえられ、5月25日に廃位されている。
English: Emperor Godaigo treated Emperor Kogon as 'the retired Emperor who abdicated from the position of Crown Prince, however, not officially succeeding to the throne, he was treated as an retired emperor exception,' which means the Emperor was indirectly denied and he was no longer Emperor. (Hence, theoretically this is a similar to the example of Koichijo-in who abdicated from being the Crown Prince and received the respected title of retired emperor.)
Japanese: 後醍醐側の光厳天皇への処遇は「朕の皇太子の地位を退き、天皇として即位はしていないが特例として上皇待遇とする」とされ即位の事実を否定されてしまった（したがって論理的には小一条院同様皇太子をやめて上皇の尊号を受けたという例になる）。
English: However Emperor Godaigo, who returned to the city, made a mistake with the Kenmu Restoration, when Takauji ASHIKAGA broke away, the retired Emperor issued a command from an retired emperor order to search out and destroy Yoshisada NITTA.
Japanese: しかし、帰京した後醍醐天皇による建武の新政が失敗し、足利尊氏が離反すると上皇は尊氏に新田義貞追討の院宣を下す。
English: Emperor Godaigo opened the Yoshino Imperial Palace in Yoshino, Yamato Province and went against the Northern Dynasty to insist upon justice for his own Imperial line.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇は大和国吉野に吉野朝廷を開き、自己の皇位の正統性を主張して北朝に対抗した。
English: The retired Emperor Kogon ruled a cloister government through two generations under Emperor Komyo and Emperor Suko, however, when the Kanno Disturbance infighting occurred among the ASHIKAGA clan, and as the army of the Emperor Gomurakami recaptured Kyoto city in 1352, both retired Emperor Komyo and Emperor Suko were caught by the Southern Dynasty and taken away after being pursued and withdrew to Otokoyama in Yamashiro Province (Yawata City, Kyoto Province), and then further to Ano in Yamato (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture) where the Southern Dynasty's home base was.
Japanese: 光厳上皇は、光明天皇、崇光天皇の二代に渡って院政を行ったが、足利氏の内紛である観応の擾乱のおり、南朝の後村上天皇の軍が1352年京都を奪回した際に光明、崇光両上皇とともに南朝に捕らえられ、京都を追われ撤退する南朝軍によって山城国男山（京都府八幡市）、さらに南朝の当時の本拠であった大和賀名生（奈良県五條市）に連れ去られてしまう。
English: It is said, that in his last years, he became a priest and believed in the Zen sect and lived in Joshoko-ji Temple. (Keihoku Ido-cho Town, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
Japanese: 晩年は出家して禅宗に帰依し、常照皇寺（京都府京都市右京区京北井戸町）に住したと言われている。
English: The Emperor edited "Fuga Waka shu" (the collection of Waka poems during early Muromachi period) under the supervision of Hanazono-in, and "Collection of Japanese Poetry by Kogonin" was given to history.
Japanese: 花園院の指導のもと『風雅和歌集』を親撰し、『光厳院御集』も伝存する。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Yamakuni no Misasagi at Keihoku Ido-cho Town, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府京都市右京区京北井戸町の山国陵（やまくにのみささぎ）に葬られている。
English: Ken ASAMATSU "Jakyoku Kairo" (Vicious Corridor) - Ikei Collection (Heteromorphic Collection) volume 33 "haunted house." (Kobunsha Co. Ltd, 2005)
Japanese: 朝松健『邪曲回廊』－異形コレクション第33巻【オバケヤシキ】（光文社、2005年）