nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There is well known legend that Jizo Bosatsu saves children who died before their parents and suffered at Sanzu no kawa (the River of Three Crossings).
Japanese: ひろく知られた伝説によれば、地蔵菩薩が、親より先になくなった子供が三途川で苦しんでいるのを救うという。
English: Because of this, it is customary for children to sit in front of Jizo to pray and to receive divine Grace in Jizo Matsuri.
Japanese: このことから地蔵祭においては特に子供が地蔵の前に詣り、その加護を祈る習わしになっている。
English: There is sutra chanting or Buddhist sermons held in different places, but they are held for children most of the time.
Japanese: ところによっては、仏教による読経や法話も行われることがあるが、おおむねそれらの多くの子供達に向けたものである。
English: This is children in the town sitting around a big bead roll of two to three meters long, and they move the bead roll as the monk reads a sutra.
Japanese: これは、町内の子供が、直径2～3メートルの大きな数珠をかこんですわり、僧侶の読経にあわせて順々にまわすというものである。
English: Nowadays Jizo-bon can mean a festival for children, after they pray for Jizo they were given some sweets or home made foods prepared for service for dead people in the area where children gathered around Jizo.
Japanese: 今日では地蔵盆は子供のための祭とも言え、地蔵に詣った子供達は地蔵の前に集まった席で供養の菓子や手料理などを振る舞われる場合が多い。
English: Also some events for children are organized since many children gather in the local area all at once, often the place changes into a children's play area after Jizo-bon festival.
Japanese: また地域の子供達が一堂に会するため、子供達に向けたイベントも行われたり、そのまま子供達の遊び場となることもしばしばである。
English: In the morning on the first day of the festival, Jizo-bon is prepared, there will be sutra recitation by monks, distribution of sweets to children (once or twice a day), and events at night time (dancing or fireworks) are organized.
Japanese: 初日朝に地蔵盆の用意をし、仏僧による読経、子供におやつの配布（日に一度か二度）、夜のイベント（踊りや線香花火など）。
English: In many places sweets and other food for an offering will be distributed and things are put away on the following day.
Japanese: 翌日、おやつ配布、お供えのお下がり配布、後片付けといった流れが多いようである。
English: However, in some towns the festival is finished in one day due to the decreasing number of children or people who cannot come because of other commitments.
Japanese: しかし、子供が少なくなったことや大人たちの都合がつきにくくなったりすることから、一日で終えてしまう町内も増えつつある。
English: There is a lottery during Jizo-bon, which was drawn in 'Fugooroshi' style.
Japanese: また、地蔵盆における福引は、「ふごおろし」とも呼ばれる形式で行われていた。
English: Sometimes Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana) is enshrined in some towns, and in these towns the same festivals or Dainichi-bon are celebrated on either July 28 in the old calendar, which is the festival of Dainichi Nyorai, or on, before or after this date (similar to Jizo-bon, either July or August is recommended).
Japanese: また、町内によっては大日如来が祭られており、それらの町内では大日如来の縁日である旧暦7月28日もしくは、それ前後(地蔵盆同様、お勤めする時期に7月もしくは8月の差異あり。）に、同様の祭り・大日盆を行う。
English: Often the festival is held on a different date, on Saturday or Sunday, similar to Jizo-bon, some towns have Dainichi-bon festival one week later than others, depending on the calendar of each year.
Japanese: 上述の地蔵盆と同じく日程をずらして土日にすることが多いため、年によっては他の町内に1週間おくれて大日盆を勤めることもある。
English: Shinai is a substitute sword made of bamboo used in the Japanese martial art of kendo for training or for hitting or pushing against armor (Kendo) in tournaments.
Japanese: 竹刀（しない）は、日本の武道である剣道の稽古および試合で防具(剣道)に対して打突する竹でできた刀の代替品である。
English: In the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1558-1600), some kenjutsu, or sword fighting, schools began using bamboo swords covered with leather sleeves and called 'fukuro shinai' for sparring practice, and the Edo period (1603-1868), with the development of armor, saw the appearance of the 'warijinai' (split bamboo sword).
Japanese: 安土桃山時代に剣術の一部流派の打ち合い稽古のために袋竹刀が考案され、更に江戸時代になって防具の発達にともない割竹刀（わりじない）が考案された。
English: There is a theory that the name 'shinai' comes from the Japanese word 'shinau' (bend).
Japanese: 「しない」と言う呼び名は、「撓（しな）う」ことに由来するという説がある。
English: With shinai replacing 'bokuto' wooden swords, it became possible for people to directly hit each other in tournaments.
Japanese: 木刀にかわって竹刀が普及する事によって、直接打ち合える試合が可能になった。
English: Shinai are made by cutting a piece of bamboo (usually Taiwanese 'keichiku' bamboo or Japanese 'madake' bamboo) lengthways into eight, four of which are then tied together using deer skin at the tip and the grip.
Japanese: 縦に八分割した竹（桂竹、真竹など）を四つを合わせて、シカの皮などで握りとを剣先を覆って纏めて作る。
English: A piece of string called a tsuru is tied along one side from the tip to the tsuka (hilt), and the side with the tsuru is called 'mine' and the other side is called 'habu.'
Japanese: 剣先から柄までに一本の糸（つるという）を張り、つるが張られた側を峰とし、反対側を刃部とする。
English: The tsuba, or guard, is usually made of leather or plastic (though some are made of wild boar or shark skin), and is disk-shaped with a hole in the center.
Japanese: 鍔は牛革製・プラスチック製（一部には猪皮製・鮫革製の鍔もある）が多く、穴があいた円盤状になっている。
English: The tsuba is slid from the tsuka-gashira (pommel) to the tsuka and is held in place with a tsubadome, made of non-slip rubber, which is also put on from the tsuka.
Japanese: 柄頭側から柄に通し、滑りにくいゴム等で出来ている鍔止めを同様に柄に通して固定する。
English: Since the tsuba can be easily removed, it is possible to carry it separately from the shinai in the shinai bag.
Japanese: 鍔は簡単に着脱できる為、鍔と本体を分離して竹刀袋に入れて持ち運ぶ事が出来る。
English: Because of the noise they make, shinai are also used as weapons in overseas pro wrestling, such as the WWE, where they are known as kendo sticks.
Japanese: また、WWE等、海外のプロレスなどでは大きい音が出るという利点から、ケンドースティックという名前で凶器(プロレス)として用いられる。
English: Although originally the same length as Japanese swords, towards the end of the Edo period, many people started using shinai over 1.2 meters long since it gave them an advantage in tournaments (the famous Susumu OISHI used a very long shinai of 5 shaku 3 zun, or about 161 cm), and due to the above situation it is said that people began to use shinai longer than swords.
Japanese: 元々は日本刀とほぼ同じ長さであったが、江戸時代末期に試合に有利なため4尺を超える竹刀を使用する者が多く現れ（5尺3寸≒161cmの長大な竹刀を使用した大石進が代表的である）、その対抗上、竹刀の長さは刀より長いものを使用するようになったといわれている。
English: To regulate the increasing lengths of shinai, the Kobusho (a military academy set up by the Edo Shogunate) declared in 1856 that, 'shinai longer than 3 jaku 8 sun (about 95cm) are not acceptable' and this became the set length.
Japanese: その長大化に歯止めをかけるべく、安政3年に講武所では「撓は柄共総長サ尺貫法ニて三尺八寸より長きは不相成」と3尺8寸までと決めた。
English: Currently there are different length of shinai available; common sizes are size 36 (3 jaku 6 sun, 109 cm) for primary students, size 37 (3 jaku 7sun, 112cm) for junior high school students, size 38 (3 jaku 8 sun, 115cm) for high school students, university students and adults, and size 39 (3 jaku 9 sun, 118cm) for university students and adults.
Japanese: 現在、竹刀には長さの分類があり、主に小学生用の36（3尺6寸、109cm）、中学生用37（3尺7寸、112cm）、高校生・大学生・社会人用38（3尺8寸、115cm）、大学生・社会人用39（3尺9寸、118cm）がある。
English: With an increase in the average of height of Japanese, the longest shinai, for university students and adults, was also increased from 3 jaku 8 sun to 3 jaku 9 sun.
Japanese: 大学以上の場合、3尺9寸が上限となっているのは、従来の3尺8寸を、日本人の体格向上にあわせて1寸伸ばしたものである。
English: The tsuka is usually circular, but there is also an oval-shaped tsuka, known as kobangata.
Japanese: 一般の竹刀は柄の形は円だが、一部には小判型といって楕円形のものもある。
English: Some people say a kobangata tsuka is easier for beginners to use since the feeling of holding the oval-shaped tsuka is similar that of holding a sword.
Japanese: 小判型の柄は、刀に近い手の内で握ることができるため、初心者にはこちらのほうがいいという声もある。
English: Tororo konbu is kelp filament made by shaving the surface of makonbu (L. japonica) or Rishiri konbu (L. ochotensis) which has been tenderized by soaking in vinegar.
Japanese: 酢に漬けて柔らかくしたマコンブやリシリコンブの表面を糸状に削りとったもの。
English: Oboro konbu (kelp shreds) is a similar foodstuff to tororo konbu but has been shredded into transparent ribbons instead of filament.
Japanese: おぼろ昆布も同種の食品であるが、こちらは糸状ではなく薄く帯状に削ったもののことである。
English: In the Hokuriku region, various types of tororo konbu made from different species of kelp and also made by different processing methods are available.
Japanese: 北陸地方では、使用する原料や加工方法などの違いにより、色々な種類のとろろ昆布が販売されている。
English: In Toyama Prefecture, the consumption level of tororo konbu is particularly high where a variety of tororo konbu is on display in the glass-front showcase and some specialty shops sell tororo konbu by weight.
Japanese: 特に富山県は、とろろ昆布の消費量がとても高く、各種とろろ昆布をガラスケースに陳列し、量り売りする専門店も存在する。
English: Additionally, in Tsuruga City, there are some stores where demonstration of oboro konbu making is performed before the visitors (whereby the finished products are put on display in the glass-front showcases and are sold by weight).
Japanese: また、敦賀市にも、おぼろ昆布の製造実演しながら売るという店も存在する(同じく、つくった物はガラスケースに入れ、量り売り)。
English: Tororo konbu found in Toyama Prefecture is basically black in color which is used to cover the rice in a lunchbox much like Nori Bento (in which the rice is covered with a very thin layer of bonito shavings seasoned with soy sauce and topped with sheets of nori seaweed) and as a topping for Japanese savory pancakes.
Japanese: 富山県でのとろろ昆布は黒色が基本で、のり弁当の様に弁当のご飯へ敷き詰めたり、お好み焼きのトッピングにも利用されている。
English: Additionally, the celebrated onigiri (rice balls) wrapped in oboro konbu has become so popular that it is being sold at convenience stores.
Japanese: また、おぼろ昆布で包んだおにぎりも有名で、コンビニエンスストアで販売されるほどに普及している。
English: Fukurokuju is the personification of the three wishes that are particularly sought in Taoism including happiness, wealth and longevity.
Japanese: 道教で強く希求される3種の願い、すなわち幸福、封禄、長寿の三徳を具現化したものである。
English: Fukurokuju is said to be the personification of a Taoist monk Tennansho in the Sung Dynasty (Southern Court) (a mythical Chinese Taoist hermit renowned for performing miracles) or an avatar of the southern polar star (Canopus), and is sometimes believed to be the same god as Jurojin (the god of longevity) with a different name.
Japanese: 宋(南朝)の道士天南星の化身や、南極星の化身（南極老人）とされ、七福神の寿老人と同体、異名の神とされることもある。
English: In China, the statues of Fukurokuju, the one god existing in three entities and one substance symbolizing happiness, wealth and longevity, accompanied by a crane, deer and peach were made and became commonly available as well as the paintings of Fukurokuju accompanied by a bat, crane and pine representing happiness, wealth and longevity by bat, crane and pine were.
Japanese: 中国では、ツル・シカ・モモを伴うことによって、福・禄・寿を象徴する三体一組の神像や、コウモリ・鶴・マツによって福・禄・寿を具現化した一幅の絵などが作られ広く用いられた。
English: The image of Fukurokuju is believed to be that he is small in stature with an elongated head and long beard, is holding a cane with a sutra scroll attached to it and is accompanied by a crane.
Japanese: また、背が低く、長頭で長い髭をはやし、杖に経巻を結び、鶴を伴っている像とされる。
English: Fukurokuju was originally an apotheosis of three gods including fuxing (the God of Fortune), luxing (the God of Prospersity) and shouxing (the God of Longevity), being the god existing in three entities and one substance.
Japanese: 福禄寿はもともと福星・禄星・寿星の三星をそれぞれ神格化した、三体一組の神である。
English: Fukurokuju has been believed among common people in China since the Ming Dynasty era in which "Sanseizu" (The Picture of Three Gods, expressing happiness, wealth and longevity) has been hung for the worship at the lunar New Year in China.
Japanese: 中国において明代以降広く民間で信仰され、春節には福・禄・寿を描いた「三星図」を飾る風習がある。
English: Fuxing is said to be Jupiter (or Saisei according to the Twelve Divisions (the Jupiter Stations, which involved dividing the zodiac into twelve areas along the ecliptic)) which is mostly depicted in the image of a black-haired person wearing an extravagant official robe situated in the middle of the three gods.
Japanese: 福星は木星（十二次では歳星）とされ、多くは裕福な官服を着た黒髪の姿で三者の中心に描かれる。
English: With respect to Luxing, the God of Fortune, since the pronunciation for 'fortune' (l) is identical to that for 'green' (l), that god is often depicted dressed in green carrying money or a baby representing affluence.
Japanese: 禄星は「禄」(l)が「緑」(l)と同音のため緑色の服装で、豊かさを表す金銭や嬰児を抱いた姿で描かれることが多い。
English: Shouxing, the God of Longevity is considered to be Canopus and there are various opinions on his physical appearance depending on the time in history but, since the modern era, it has often been defined to be a bald old man with an elongated head sporting white beard.
Japanese: 寿星は南極老人星（カノープス）とされ、容貌は時期によって諸説あるが近代以降は禿げた長大な頭に白ひげをたくわえた老人とされることが多い。
English: Strictly speaking, Jurojin was originally Shouxing (Canopus) that had exclusively been introduced to Japan.
Japanese: また厳密にはもともとこの寿星（南極老人）が単独で日本に伝わったのが寿老人である。
English: The Picture of Three Gods has been painted in many variations such that the three gods are often expressed by symbols related to the significance or sound, not in the form of human being.
Japanese: 三星図は実にさまざまな形態で描かれるが、三者それぞれを人の姿ではなく意味や音韻に関連性がある象徴物として描くものも多く、そのバリエーションは多岐にわたる。
English: In one of such variations, only Shouxing, the God of Longevity was depicted in the form of an old man in the middle, with a bat as Fuxing, the God of Fortune (as the pronunciation of kanji characters delineating 'fortune' (f) and 'bat'(f) are the same in Chinese) and a deer as Luxing, the God of Prosperity (as the pronunciation of kanji characters delineating 'prosperity' (l) and 'deer' (l) are the same in Chinese) being positioned on either side of Shouxing, respectively.
Japanese: 中には、寿星だけを老人の姿で描き、その左右に福星を蝙蝠として（「福」(f)と「蝠」(f)が中国では同音のため）、禄星を鹿として（「禄」(l)と「鹿」(l)がやはり同音のため）描いたものなどもある。
English: As a result, it is considered that, it seemed to the Japanese, there was one god accompanied by two creatures in these paintings whereby Fukurokuju has been generally recognized as one godhead and not three persons in Japan.
Japanese: こういった伝来物が日本人には二物を伴った一人の神に見えたため、日本においては福禄寿を三人ではなく一人の神格とする認識が流布したと考えられる。
English: Tekiya are merchants who sell items such as food or toys on the street or stalls set up in the ground of shrines or temples, on the approach to them or in temple towns during festivals, markets, and fairs.
Japanese: 的屋（てきや）とは、祭礼（祭り）や市や縁日などが催される、境内、参道や門前町において屋台や露天で出店して食品や玩具等を売る小売商を指す。
English: It also refers to stallholders who provide gambling activities such as shooting or a lottery as game.
Japanese: または、射幸心を伴う遊技（ゲーム）として射的やくじ引などを提供する街商（がいしょう）。
English: Also, it refers to peddlers who use performances to attract customers, then selling goods or charging for the street performance itself.
Japanese: または、大道芸にて客寄せをし商品を売ったり芸そのものを生業にする大道商人（だいどうしょうにん）である。
English: As they worshipped 'Shinno no kami' (Shennong God) which was originally introduced as the god of business from Chinese Civilization to be a Shinto deity, and often used own code words, tekiya are called Shinno within certain circles.
Japanese: 職業神として元々は中華文明圏より伝わり、神道の神となった「神農の神」を祀り、独特の隠語を用いる者が多いため、狭い世界では神農（しんのう）とも呼ばれる。
English: Although even most Japanese may be unfamiliar with these terms, until recently they were often used as synonyms and dictionaries used the same definitions for tekiya, yashi, and sanzun.
Japanese: 一般には馴染みが薄いと思われるが近年までは、よく使われた通り名であり、的屋（てきや）、香具師、三寸は辞書では、同じ説明がなされている場合が多い。
English: The ground of shrines or temples, on the approach to them or in temple towns during festivals, markets, and fairs' mentioned above are known as niwaba (literally meaning 'yard' and described 'niwaba' hereinafter).
Japanese: 上記の「祭礼（祭り）や市や縁日などが催される、境内、参道や門前町」を庭場という。（以下庭場と記述）
English: Although they are referred to as merchants, they are similar to the cooperatives formed for ceremonial occasions such as scaffolding men or carpenters, and are part of the mutual assistance known as jisha fushin (to making efforts for the construction of temples and shrines), were not paid but rather given money as a gift.
Japanese: 商売人といっても、祭礼時などは町鳶、町大工などの冠婚葬祭の互助活動と同じで、いわゆる寺社普請と呼ばれる相互扶助の一環でもあり、支払われるお金も代金ではなく祝儀不祝儀であるともいえる。
English: At the same time, through their dealings with temples and shrines, they were considered to be yorishiro (objects representative of a divine spirit) when selling lucky charms.
Japanese: 同時に寺社などとの取り交わしによって、縁起物を売る時は神の依り代になるともいえる。
English: Tekiya are a type of 'stallholder and peddler' and are a part of an area's traditional culture.
Japanese: 的屋は「露天商及び行商人」の一種であり、伝統的な文化を地域と共有している存在である。
English: However, in addition to selling goods for what they are worth, a major characteristic of tekiya is that they have the added value of providing part of the specialness (the 'hare' [extraordinary] and 'ke' [ordinary]) of festivals.
Japanese: しかし的屋は価格に見合った品質の商品を提供するというよりも、祭りの非日常（ハレとケ）を演出し、それを附加価値として商売にしている性格が強い。
English: Tekiya differ from current street performers, who are amateurs or without any cultural aspect.
Japanese: 的屋はいわゆる現在の路上などで行う素人や時代的背景のないパフォーマーとは異なる。
English: Their street performance to attract customers should be distinguished from other performers (buskers singing enka [a genre of Japanese pop music] and political activist).
Japanese: 路上において人間を集めるための演芸は、パフォーマー（演歌師・壮士）とは区別されるべきである。
English: The difference depends on whether the watchers feel the special atmosphere of the festival, which is a place of hare and ke, or not.
Japanese: 観客においても祭りというハレとケの場の非日常的な雰囲気を感じるか感じないかの違いがある。
English: Japan, since ancient times, has groups called 'kumi' that offer employment or apprenticeships in various fields and, simply put, tekiya are businesses and mutual aid societies (as well as the people who found them) based on the traditional Japanese mentor-apprentice system (also referred as the relationship of Oyabun-kobun, Oyakata kokata [father-son], Kyodaibun [brother-brother], kyodai deshi [fellow pupil]).
Japanese: 日本は古来から様々な職業において「組」と言う徒弟制度や雇用関係があり、的屋も噛み砕いて表現すれば、親分子分（親方子方・兄弟分・兄弟弟子）の関係を基盤とする企業や互助団体、その構成する人々でもある。
English: The image of tekiya is of retailers with little capital or of the working class groups hired by them but, in fact, many tekiya are community based, privately managed or run as a secondary business.
Japanese: 的屋は零細資本の小売商または彼らに雇用されているプロレタリアートの団体というイメージがあるが、これに該当しない地域密着型や個人経営や兼業の的屋も多い。
English: It is hard to define simply tekiya as a whole due the complex relationship between geography, history, people, and finance, but the origins of tekiya can be found in the following five categories.
Japanese: 地勢的・歴史的・人的・資本的要素が複雑に絡み合っていることから、単に的屋として一括りに定義することは難しいが、的屋の源流とされるもは以下の五つものに分類される。
English: Street performers who traveled around performing juggleries, magic shows, acrobatics, prayers, and fortune telling.
Japanese: -奇術・手品・曲芸・軽業・祈祷・占いなどを大道芸として行いながら,旅回りをしていた。
English: Like the yashi (a street stall vendor at shrines and temples) sold medicine derived from Chinese medicine, many sarugaku performances also had their beginnings in Chinese culture but many, such as the sword dance or solo sumo, were derived from Japanese performances that had existed from ancient times.
Japanese: 香具師が漢方由来の薬を扱っていたように、猿楽も中華文明を起源とするものも多いが、太刀まわりや一人相撲など日本古来の芸も数多く存在する。
English: This term was used to refer the selling of lucky charms required for times or annual events, what is called, seasonal items or items that would only be used once such as nuts, berries, vegetables, fish (and, depending on the district, meat, which was normally banned) at markets or festivals.
Japanese: -時節や年中行事に必要な縁起物である木の実や葉っぱや野菜、魚（地域によっては普段は禁じられていた獣肉など）などのいわゆる、季節物・消え物（きえもの）を市や縁日で販売していた。
English: In the suburbs, the lotus leaf trade continues as it is, with local people having sold seasonal items as lucky charms for generations at festivals and so on.
Japanese: 郊外においては、蓮の葉商いのそのまま形で、地域に根ざした人々が、祭りなどで先祖代々に渡り、季節の縁起物を販売している。
English: More specifically, farmers make and sell good luck candies and sticky rice cakes during festivals, markets, and fairs, having passed down the business over several generations.
Japanese: 具体的には、農家でありながら、縁日や市の立つ日や祭り時には、福飴や餅などを製造し販売していて、それが何代にも継承されている事があげられる。
English: Yashi are people who attract customers with performances or shows and who make medicines and incense, as well as providing dental services.
Japanese: -芸や見世物を用いて客寄せをし、薬や香の製造販売・歯の医療行為をする者。
English: There are several theories concerning the origins of yashi, including that they were mountain priest who switched to selling medicines to avoid poverty, or that they were named after a medicine seller called Yashiro.
Japanese: 野武士が困窮して薬売りに身を投じたという説や弥四郎という者が薬の行商の祖と言われる事など諸説ある。
English: In the urban site, with the policy of tenka fushin (nation wide constructions carried out by Tokugawa shogunate), people connected to construction, such as scaffolders and gardeners, were given special duties and rights (such as acting as firefighters) in the town's correlation and tended to monopolize the market for special good luck charms (rakes or morning glories) or items that would definitely sell (for example, New Year decorations); this unwritten law continues even today.
Japanese: -都市部においては、天下普請の施行により、鳶職や植木職などの建設に係わる者が、町場の相互関係の中で特別な義務と権限（町火消しなど）を持つようになり、特定の縁起物（熊手、朝顔）や売り上げが確実に見込める物（正月のお飾り）の販売を独占する傾向にあり、現在でもその不文律が継承されている。
English: These were games where people shot arrows at targets, and from the Edo Period (1603-1868) also include shooting at a rotating target with 'blow guns' and a kind of roulette called 'bunmawashi.'
Japanese: -弓矢を使った射的遊技場を営むものであるが、「吹き矢」を使った回転版を的とする射的や「ぶん回し」と呼ばれるルーレットも江戸時代から存在していた。
English: It also refers to the people who made a living from the bets (gambling for gifts) from these games.
Japanese: これら射的やくじ引きなどの懸け物（景品交換の賭け事）を生業にする者。
English: Intellectuals such as Shoichi OZAWA have described the selling cries of tekiya as "a signature of the Showa Period" and wrote about them in his books and sound source.
Japanese: 小沢昭一などの文化人は的屋の啖呵を“昭和の風物”として文献や音源に残している。
English: It was the occupation of the 'wandering tora,' Torajiro KURUMA, the main character of the 'Otoko wa Tsurai yo' (It is Tough Being a Man) films.
Japanese: 映画「男はつらいよ」の主人公の「フーテンの寅こと車寅次郎」の生業として知られる。
English: This is part of the reason that as merchants with skills, tekiya were able to make a living from festivals which, with their special atmosphere of night stalls and shops, were enjoyed by the common people and enriched their culture of festival.
Japanese: 庶民も夜店や出店の非日常を楽しみ、日本の祭り文化が人生を豊かにし、技術を持った商売人としての的屋も生活がなりたったと言う背景がある。
English: The 'tomikuji,' which was the origin of the modern lottery and established to collect funds needed for building temples, was also produced special atmosphere.
Japanese: ちなみに宝くじの起源である「富くじ」も、寺社普請のために設けられた、非日常を演出する資金収集の手段であった。
English: The transformation of 'kaijitsu' (gatherings) into fairs, becoming an integral part of people's lifestyle, together with the growth of local economies and the emergence of markets, prompted the growth of stalls centered around tekiya.
Japanese: 会日が縁日に変化し、庶民の生活習慣に深く根ざすようになった事や、各地域での経済の発展と市（定期市）の発生が、的屋を中心とする露天商の発展を促した。
English: While kaijitsu are considered to be the origin, the goods sold also reflected values such as omens, rituals, exorcism, and fortune telling.
Japanese: また会日を根源とすることが、縁起と神事や祓いや占いなどの価値観が商売としても商品にも反映されているといえるだろう。
English: The festival culture prospered even more during the Edo Period and continued until the early Showa Period (1926 - 1989); there were more than 600 fairs held annually in Tokyo Prefecture before World War II, with two or three held everyday except unlucky days.
Japanese: そして、江戸時代には祭り文化とあいまってますます栄え、この勢いは昭和初期まで続き、第二次世界大戦前の東京都内では、年間600超える縁日が催されており、忌日をのぞき日に2・3ヶ所で縁日が行われていた。
English: Many festivals have been reestablished by local residents, but most fairs are run by tekiya who, through leaving the business and changing jobs, as well as being seen as somewhat anachronistic, are steadily decreasing in number.
Japanese: 祭りは住民参加型であれば、復活するものも多いが、縁日は職業としての的屋が担う部分が多くあり、廃業や転職などと時代錯誤的な世間の風潮とあいまって、その総数は減少の一途をたどった。
English: It cannot be denied that the decrease of the tekiya profession greatly contributed to the decrease in the number of fairs in local areas of Japan.
Japanese: 的屋という職の減少が日本の各地の縁日の減少に多大な影響を与えている事は否めない。
English: The shooting galleries found in today's hot spring and inn towns, as well as 'smartball' and 'pachinko' (both forms of pinball), originated in the 'gambling shooting ranges' run by 'matoya' (shooting shop), with customers winning prizes rather than money.
Japanese: 的屋（まとや）が営む「懸け物の的場（景品交換式遊技場）」は、現在の温泉場や宿場町に残る射的場の起源であり、スマートボールやパチンコの源流でもある。
English: In compliance with the law, the gambling is for prizes rather than money and, since 'yugi' (the games) are based on archery, which is a skill, they are written with the characters for 'play' and 'skill' rather than the usual 'play' and 'fun' and classified differently from the 'tomikuji,' which is a lottery based on pure chance.
Japanese: また法律の成立においても懸け物の的場（景品交換式遊技場）が基本にあるので、「遊技」と言う言葉が「遊戯」ではないのは、弓矢は技術が伴う事に由来し、法律の根拠としても偶然性のみのくじ引きである、「富くじ（宝くじ）」との区別の根拠となっている。
English: In addition, matoya and the shooting galleries in inn towns have a cultural and historical background, whereas modern day pachinko is just a businesses operated for profit.
Japanese: また的屋や宿場町で営まれる射的場は文化や時代の背景があり、情緒を伴うものであるが、現在のパチンコなどは利害だけの産業といえる。