nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He worked to get a pardon for his father-in-law, Narinori UESUGI of the Yonezawa Domain when he was being chased by the Imperial army, because of his commitment to the Boshin Civil War.
Japanese: また、義父上杉斉憲の米沢藩が戊辰戦争によって官軍の追討を受けるとその赦免に奔走した。
English: After Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he contributed to the establishment of railway and bank projects.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）の廃藩置県後は、鉄道事業や銀行事業などの成立に寄与している。
English: Sadamichi MATSUDAIRA (July 4, 1834 - September 18, 1859) was a Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) during the end of the Edo Period.
Japanese: 松平定猷（まつだいらさだみち、天保5年5月28日(旧暦)（1834年7月4日）-安政6年8月22日(旧暦)（1859年9月18日））は、江戸時代末期の大名。
English: Upon his father, Sadakazu's death in 1842, he became the lord of his domain although he was young.
Japanese: 天保13年（1842年）、父・定和の死で幼少の身ながら藩主となった。
English: His rule was difficult because of the natural disasters that struck, such as the Great Earthquake of Ansei in 1854.
Japanese: その後も安政元年（1854年）には安政の大地震が起こるなど、その治世は天災のために多難を極めた。
English: When Iesada TOKUGAWA became the thirteenth Shogun in 1853, he started to call himself Michi to avoid using the same character 'Sada'.
Japanese: 嘉永6年（1853年）、徳川家定が第13代将軍になると、同じ「定」の字を避けるため、猷と名乗った。
English: He was ordered to guard Kyoto in 1859, but fell ill from stress and work due to the poor finances of his domain and died at the young age of 26 on August 21 (August 22).
Japanese: 安政6年（1859年）、京都警護を命じられたが、藩内における財政窮乏問題などからの心労で病に倒れ、同年8月21日、または8月22日に26歳の若さで病死した。
English: After his death the family head was succeeded by his son-in-law, Sadakei MATSUDAIRA, who married his legal wife's child, Hatsuko because his first son, Sadanori's mother was a concubine and was still young.
Japanese: 死後、長男の定教は幼少で妾腹でもあったため、正室の子である初子に婿養子の松平定敬を迎え、家督を継がせた。
English: His children were Tadakatsu MAKINO (fourth son), Tadaatsu MAKINO (fifth son) and daughters (legal wife of Tadakunkuni MAKINO, legal wife of Sadayasu MAKINO, legal wife of Tadahiro MAKINO, second wife of HONJO).
Japanese: 子に牧野忠毅（四男）、牧野忠篤（五男）、娘（牧野忠訓正室）、娘（牧野貞寧正室）、娘（牧野忠泰正室）、娘（本庄寿巨継室）。
English: He worked as Sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies), Jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) and became Kyoto Shoshidai (Kyoto deputy) in 1862.
Japanese: 奏者番、寺社奉行などを務め、文久2年（1862年）には京都所司代となった。
English: He quit the post in June 1863 because 'There was a continuous string of incidents at Kyoto at that time and impossible for a small domain like the Nagaoka Domain to handle the situation.'
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）6月に「当時の京都は騒動続きであり、長岡藩のような小藩では対応できない」として辞職した。
English: in 1865, he quit the Roju position when the government became overburdened with difficult problems.
Japanese: 慶応元年（1865年）、政局に難題が積まれるに及んで、老中職を退いた。
English: He was reinstated as family head due to the retirement of his biological son, Tadakatsu, in February 1875.
Japanese: 明治8年（1875年）2月、実子忠穀の隠居により、家督を再び相続した。
English: Masatomo HOTTA (December 28, 1851-January 11, 1911) was a Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) during the late Edo Period.
Japanese: 堀田正倫（ほったまさとも、1851年12月28日（嘉永4年12月6日(旧暦)）-1911年（明治44年）1月11日）は、江戸時代末期の大名。
English: He became the family head and lord of the Domain when his father was outsted in a political battle with Naosuke II in 1859.
Japanese: 安政6年（1859年）、父が井伊直弼との政争に敗れて失脚したため、家督を譲られて藩主となった。
English: He was loyal to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) like his father and when an imperial decree to attack the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, was promulgated after the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in 1868, he went to Kyoto to beg for Yoshinobu's life and the continuance of the Tokugawa clan, but not only was he refused by the new Meiji government but was captured and house arrested in Kyoto.
Japanese: 幕府に対する忠誠心は父譲りなのか、慶応4年（1868年）の鳥羽・伏見の戦い後、第15代将軍・徳川慶喜に対して朝廷から討伐令が下ると、上洛して慶喜の助命と徳川氏の存続を嘆願したが、明治新政府から拒絶されただけでなく、京都に軟禁状態とされてしまったのである。
English: Therefore, the Sakura domain was in trouble left without its lord but because the house elder Nui HIRANO followed the new government's orders and sent troops to Otaki domain, Hotta was not punished and did not have to quit.
Japanese: このため、佐倉藩は藩主不在となって危機を迎えたが、家老の平野縫殿が新政府に与して大多喜藩に出兵したため、何とか改易は免れた。
English: Tadazane MATSUDAIRA (February 7, 1840-July 13, 1869) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) during the late Edo Period.
Japanese: 松平忠誠（まつだいらただざね、天保11年1月5日(旧暦)（1840年2月7日）-明治2年6月5日(旧暦)（1869年7月13日））は、江戸時代末期の大名。
English: He became a foster child after the adoption of Tadakata MATSUDAIRA, who had been adopted to be the successor to the ruler of the Oshi Domain, was dissolved.
Japanese: 忍藩の後継として入嗣していた松平忠毅の廃嫡により、新たに養子となった。
English: He succeeded as family head and became the lord of Domain after Tadakuni MATSUDAIRA (Musashino Province, Oshi Hanshu) in 1863.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）、松平忠国(武蔵国忍藩主)から家督を譲られて藩主となった。
English: After the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in 1868, the domain was divided over whether to rebel against or follow the new government and Tadazane could not unify the domain's opinion.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）の鳥羽・伏見の戦い後、藩内が新政府に抗戦するか恭順するかで二分したとき、忠誠は藩論を一つにまとめられなかった。
English: However, with the help of the retired Tadakuni, the domain decided to follow the government and Tadazane gave in to the new government troops.
Japanese: しかし、隠居の忠国の登場によって藩論は恭順でまとまり、忠誠は新政府軍に降伏した。
English: Kiyoshi KIYOHARA (1831-June 15, 1868) was the master of gunnery of the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) and later Goryo-eji (guard of Imperial mausoleums).
Japanese: 清原清（きよはらきよし、天保2年（1831年）-慶応4年4月25日(旧暦)（1868年6月15日））は、新選組砲術師範、後に御陵衛士。
English: He traveled to Kyoto to answer Toshizo HIJIKATA's call for guard members from Edo in May 1865.
Japanese: 慶応元年（1865年）5月、土方歳三の江戸での隊士募集に応じて上洛。
English: Kiyoshi did not follow Kashitaro ITO when he left to establish the Goryo-eji, but left the group to join him before being appointed as a retainer of the shogun.
Japanese: 伊東甲子太郎が御陵衛士として分離すると同行しなかったが、幕臣取立て以前に離隊し合流。
English: He was buried in the graveyard for the new government troops in Shirakawa City, but the Satsuma Domain established a tombstone at Chingo-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 白河市内の新政府軍の墓所郡に埋葬されたが、薩摩藩は鎮護神社に墓石を建てた。
English: Yukiko TODOROKI (September 11, 1917 - May 11, 1967) was the Japanese actress.
Japanese: 轟夕起子（とどろき　ゆきこ、1917年9月11日-1967年5月11日）は日本の女優。
English: In 1937 when she left Takarazuka, she made her film debut in the Nikkatsu title "Miyamoto Musashi: The Earth Chapter," playing the role of Otsu.
Japanese: 1937年、宝塚退団と同時に日活作品『宮本武蔵　地の巻』のお通役で映画デビュー。
English: Behind this background, the four existing movie companies (Shochiku, Nikkatsu, Shinko Kinema and Daito Eiga) tried to take revenge on Toho, who had lured away Kazuo HASEGAWA.
Japanese: この背景には東宝の長谷川一夫引き抜きに対する既存4社（松竹、日活、新興キネマ、大都映画）の意趣返しがあったという。
English: She met Masahiro MAKINO (マキノ正博, later マキノ雅弘 in Chinese character), who was the Nikkatsu film director at that time, through her accident that might have caused her blindness during the filming of "Edo no Arawashi" (Wild Eagle in Edo, 1937) and married him in 1940.
Japanese: 『江戸の荒鷲』（1937年）の撮影中に失明騒ぎを起こしたことがきっかけで当時日活の監督だったマキノ正博（当時はこの名前）と出会い、1940年に結婚する。
English: Due to the state's control of films, Nikkatsu's production division was absorbed by Daiei Motion Picture Co., Ltd. in 1942, but instead of joining Daiei, she moved to Toho where her husband Masahiro MAKINO belonged to.
Japanese: 1942年映画統制により、日活の製作部門は大映に統合されるが、彼女は大映には加わらず夫マキノ正博の所属している東宝へ移籍する。
English: In 1943, she became popular for her role as Sayo, the heroine in "Sanshiro Sugata," the directorial debut of Akira KUROSAWA.
Japanese: 1943年、黒澤明の監督デビュー作『姿三四郎』のヒロイン小夜役で人気を集める。
English: In the same year, the theme song for 'Hanako-san,' 'Otsukai wa Jitensha ni Notte' (Running an Errand by Bicycle) became a hit.
Japanese: 同年「ハナ子さん」主題歌、「お使ひは自転車に乗って」がヒットしている。
English: After the war, she became self-employed, but she divorced Makino (in 1950) and subsequently married (in 1953) and divorced (in 1965) Koji SHIMA, and her private life was unfortunate.
Japanese: 戦後フリーとなるがマキノとの離婚（1950年）、島耕二との再婚（1953年）、離婚（1965年）を繰り返し、私生活は不遇であった。
English: After the war, she became overweight and was gradually relegated by new stars to minor roles, such as a role of the mother of Hideki TAKAHASHI (an actor) in Otoko no Monsho (Man's Crest) series (1963 - 1966).
Japanese: 戦後は肥満し、新しいスターにおされ、次第に脇役に回り、男の紋章シリーズ（1963-1966年）で高橋英樹(俳優)の母親役などを演じる。
English: She died of obstructive jaundice at 5:15 p.m. on May 11, 1967 at Jikei University, Daisan Hospital in Komae-machi Town, Kitatama County (present-day Komae City).
Japanese: 1967年5月11日午後5時15分、北多摩郡狛江町（現在の狛江市）の東京慈恵会医科大学附属第三病院で閉塞性黄疸のため死去。
English: Tomoko MAKINO (January 29, 1907 - October 20, 1984) was the Japanese actress.
Japanese: マキノ智子（まきのともこ、1907年1月29日-1984年10月20日）は、日本の俳優である。
English: She was the fourth daughter of Shozo MAKINO known as 'The father of Japanese films,' and she started her career as a child actress in her father's film and became a star actress.
Japanese: 「日本映画の父」として知られる牧野省三の四女であり、父の映画の子役からスタートし、スター女優となった。
English: Her former stage names were Teruko MAKINO (マキノ輝子), Tomoko MAKINO (牧野智子), Tomoko FUJINO (藤野智子), Teruko MAKINO (牧野輝子), Emiko MAKINO (マキノ恵美子) and Emiko MAKINO (マキノ笑子).
Japanese: 前芸名は、マキノ輝子、牧野智子、藤野智子、牧野輝子、マキノ恵美子、マキノ笑子。
English: After she starred in with Ryunosuke TSUKIGATA, who had a wife and child, when she was 'Teruko Makino' (マキノ輝子), she committed adultery and ran off with him and had a daughter.
Japanese: 「マキノ輝子」時代に、妻子ある月形龍之介とダブル主演的な共演を続けた後に、不倫・駆け落ちをし、一女を儲けている。
English: Later, she married a star actor, Kunitaro SAWAMURA and gave birth to two sons, who later became actors named Hiroyuki NAGATO and Masahiko TSUGAWA (also known as Masahiko MAKINO).
Japanese: 後にスター俳優沢村国太郎と結婚、後の俳優長門裕之、津川雅彦（マキノ雅彦）兄弟を産む。
English: Anna MAKINO (December 4, 1971 -) is the representative of LOVE JUNX.
Japanese: 牧野アンナ（まきのアンナ、1971年12月4日-）は、LOVEJUNX代表。
English: On January 21, 1987, she debuted as a singer, releasing her first CD titled "Only Lonely Boy."
Japanese: 1987年1月21日、『LoveSong探して』でレコードデビュー。
English: This song is used in "Dragon Quest II: Pantheon of Evil Spirits" game software.
Japanese: この曲はゲームソフト『ドラゴンクエストII悪霊の神々』に使われている。
English: At that time, 'Search Anna' campaign was carried out and she appeared in the town of Perpoi in the game.
Japanese: 当時、「アンナを探せ」キャンペーンが実施されていたが、ゲーム内のペルポイの町に登場していた。
English: Also, it is not known whether it is related to this or not but a girl named Anna also appears in the town of merchants in "Dragon Quest III: And Thus Into Legend…," Nintendo's Super Famicon Version and Game Boy Version, and in the town of immigrants in "Dragon Quest IV: Chapters of the Chosen," Nintendo DS Version.
Japanese: また、これと関係があるかは不明だが、『ドラゴンクエストIIIそして伝説へ…』のSFC版、GB版では商人の町、『ドラゴンクエストIV導かれし者たち』のDS版では移民の町にもアンナという名前の娘が登場している。
English: In 1992, she was chosen as a member of SUPER MONKEYS (later Super Monkeys [in katakana of syllable based writing system of the Japanese language]).
Japanese: 1992年、SUPERMONKEYS（のちのスーパーモンキーズ）のメンバーに選ばれた。
English: After she left the group, she became a chief instructor of Okinawa Actors School where his father serves as the president and brought a lot of idol singers and groups, such as Namie AMURO, MAX (a music group), SPEED and DA PUMP, into show business.
Japanese: 脱退後は父が校長をつとめる沖縄アクターズスクールのチーフインストラクターとして安室奈美恵・MAX(音楽グループ)・SPEED・DAPUMPなど多くのアイドルを送り出してきた。
English: Her meeting with children with Down syndrome led her to host a studio named "LOVE JUNX" to teach dance to children with Down syndrome and she also works on social contribution activities.
Japanese: ダウン症の子供と出会った事がきっかけで、現在ダウン症の子供たちにダンスを教える『LOVEJUNX』というスタジオを主催、社会貢献活動も行なっている。
English: She participated in the morning drama series "Hitomi," which was aired from spring to summer 2008, as a dance instructor.
Japanese: 2008年春夏期の連続テレビ小説『瞳(朝ドラ)』で、ダンス指導の肩書きでスタッフとして参加している。
English: She looked hyper and very cheerful and was so introduced by the M.C.
Japanese: かなりはっちゃけた様子で元気がたくさんある子で、司会者にもそのように紹介されていた。
English: Sayoko MAKINO (マキノ佐代子, her real name is Sayoko MAKINO [牧野左代子]) (April 29, 1958 -) is an actress born in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo Prefecture.
Japanese: マキノ佐代子（まきのさよこ、1958年4月29日-、本名は牧野左代子）は東京都世田谷区出身の女優である。
English: In 1968, she made her debut in the Fuji TV drama "The Ishikari Plain" as a child actress when she was in the fourth grade of elementary school.
Japanese: 1968年、小4であったが子役としてフジ『石狩平野』でドラマデビュー。
English: In the same year, she played the lead character in the NHK drama "Osaka Oyafuko Dori" (Osaka Street of Undutiful Children) and gained popularity in TV dramas.
Japanese: 同年、NHK『大阪親不孝どおり』に主演のほか、TVドラマで活躍するようになる。
English: Tadashige was the first son of Tadanori SAKAI, a hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with 5000 koku from the Himeji Domain branch family, but became the main branch's foster child because the lord of Himeji Domain Tadateru SAKAI did not have any biological children.
Japanese: 忠績は姫路藩分家旗本5000石の酒井忠誨の長男であるが、姫路藩藩主酒井忠顕に子がないため、本家の養子となる。
English: Tadayoshi SAKAI (the lord of Obama Domain in Wakasa Province), who had been appointed as Kyoto Shoshidai during the Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) period, stayed at the post even after the assassination of Naosuke II and his dismissal was being requested by the Imperial court.
Japanese: 安政の大獄期に京都所司代に就任した酒井忠義(若狭国小浜藩主)（小浜藩主）は、井伊直弼暗殺後も引き続きその職にあり、罷免を朝廷から要求されていた。
English: The bakufu had dismissed Tadayoshi and tentatively appointed Osaka Castle keeper Munehide MATSUDAIRA as his successor, but the Imperial court refused to approve the appointment because Munehide was also a Jishabugyo during the Ansei no Taigoku and especially favored by Naosuke II.
Japanese: 幕府は忠義を罷免し、後任として大坂城代松平宗秀を内定したが、宗秀も安政の大獄当時は寺社奉行の任にあり、しかも井伊直弼の信任が非常に厚かったため、朝廷は宗秀の所司代就任にも内諾を与えなかった。
English: Tadashige was in charge of the job for 4 months until Tadayuki MAKINO was officially approved as Kyoto Shoshidai at the end of September.
Japanese: このため、9月末に牧野忠恭が後任の京都所司代として正式に承認されるまで4ヶ月間その任にあたった。
English: After taking office as Roju, he negotiated with the Imperial court over the opening of Hyogo Port and in the meantime, he was ordered to be in charge of taking care of Edo, together with one of the Gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family) members, Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA and Tadashige MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Oshi Domain in Musashi Province) of the Oshi Domain, while Iemochi was to go to Kyoto at the end of the year.
Japanese: 老中就任後は兵庫開港をめぐって朝廷対策に奔走する一方、年末に家茂の上洛が決定すると、御三家の徳川慶篤、忍藩侯の松平忠誠(武蔵国忍藩主)とともに江戸留守居役を命じられる。
English: He worked for Bakufu reforms such as the post-war management of the Second Conquest of Choshu and introduction of western-style military system into the bakufu troops.
Japanese: そして第2次長州征伐の事後処理、幕府軍の西洋式軍制の導入など、幕政改革に尽力した。
English: He was allowed to live with Shizuoka Hanshi (domain retainer) Tadahiro SAKAI in February 1870.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）2月、静岡藩士酒井忠恕方への同居を認められる。
English: 1862: Tadashige went to Kyoto (May), temporary substitute as Kyoto Shoshidai (until end of September).
Japanese: 1862年（文久2年）：忠績上京し（5月）、京都所司代臨時代行（～9月末まで）。
English: 1863: Tadashige became Roju (August 2) and immediately appointed to the top-rank.
Japanese: 1863年（文久3年）：老中となり（6月18日(旧暦)）、直ちに上座とされる。
English: Iemasa OKUDAIRA (1577 - November 11, 1614) was a busho (Japanese military commander) and a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who lived from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 奥平家昌（おくだいらいえまさ、天正5年（1577年）-慶長19年10月10日(旧暦)（1614年11月11日））は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期にかけての武将、大名。
English: For Ieyasu, Iemasa was not only a grandchild from a daughter married into another family, but also the eldest grandson (he was older than his uncle Hidetada), so Ieyasu treated Iemasa preferentially and gave him swords and hawks.
Japanese: 家康の外孫に当たる上に家康にとっても最年長の男孫であった事（叔父・秀忠よりも年長）から、刀や鷹を与えられるなど、重用された。
English: On March 10, 1601, his father Nobumasa was awarded 100,000 koku in the Kano Domain, Mino Province in recognition of his public safety operation in Kyoto after the victory of the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 慶長6年2月6日(旧暦)（1601年3月10日）、関ヶ原の戦勝後に命ぜられた京都治安活動を高く評価された父・信昌が美濃加納10万石を与えられた。
English: Therefore, his parents left Iemasa in Miyazaki, Kozuke Province for the appointed place with his younger brother Tadamasa OKUDAIRA.
Japanese: そのため、それまでの上野国宮崎領に家昌を残し、父母は弟・奥平忠政を伴って配地へ赴任した。
English: On February 19, 1602, subsequently to his father, he was awarded 100,000 koku in the Utsunomiya Domain, Shimotsuke Province, which was an strategic point in the Northern Kanto, and entered the domain on March 18, 1602.
Japanese: 同年12月28日(旧暦)（1602年2月19日）、家昌も父に遅れて、北関東の要地・下野宇都宮10万石を与えられると、翌月1月25日(旧暦)（1602年3月18日）、入国を果たした。
English: On November 17, 1611, his lawful wife from the Honda clan (supposedly Mori hime) died.
Japanese: 慶長16年10月13日(旧暦)（1611年11月17日）、正室・本多氏（もり姫と言ったらしい）が死去した。
English: After transferred to Utsunomiya, he strongly felt that the vassal system that had continued from the time in Mikawa does not work any longer, so he carried out reforms in the senior vassal system.
Japanese: 宇都宮への転封後、三河時代からの家臣団制度が機能的でなくなったのを痛感した家昌は、重臣制度改正に着手した。
English: In the Okudaira family, the senior vassals from 12 families, who worked hard for Iemasa's father Nobumasa in the Battle of Nagashino, were called "Shichizoku goro."
Japanese: この奥平家では長篠の戦いで父・信昌を援けた重臣12家を、『七族五老』と呼んでいた。
English: Although they were rear vassals of Ieyasu, they received an expression of recognition for their efforts directly from Ieyasu after the victory in the Battle of Nagashino, and further won an endorsement of kind treatment for their descendants.
Japanese: 長篠の戦いの勝利後では陪臣でありながら家康から直々に労われた上に、彼らの子々孫々に至るまで厚遇を約束された御墨付きを拝領したという重臣達である。
English: The total of 12 families were collectively called "Shichizoku goro," including the initial seven families that were unable to succeed the main family and thus supported the main family as branch families, being in charge of military affairs, and five families served as small feudal lords selected as senior vassals in charge of governmental affairs.
Japanese: 元々は跡継ぎと成れずに支族として宗家を支え、軍務を担当していた7家に、重臣に抜擢して政務を担当させた小領主たち5家を加えた12家の総称である。
English: After the maelstrom of war was over with the transition to peaceful rule, the burdens of military affairs on Shichizoku goro were reduced while the burdens of governmental affairs dramatically increased.
Japanese: 戦乱に明け暮れた時勢であればまだしも、平穏な治世に移り変わっていくと、七族五老は軍務の負担が減る一方で政務の負担が激増していたのである。
English: Accordingly, Iemasa merged the seven vassal families with the five main retainer families and named them "Taishinshu" (literally, people of high rank), and decided that five or six families out of twelve families alternately attend to governmental affairs every month; 12 families cooperatively deal with emergency situations.
Japanese: そこで、族臣7家と老臣5家を合一し『大身衆』と呼称変更させた上に、その12家の中から5、6家が毎月交代で国政を担当し、有事には12家が協力して対応するように改めたのである。
English: Those 12 families were not equally ranked and their salaries were determined according to their ranks; two families in leading positions were paid not less than 2,000 koku (1,000 koku was paid for the lowest ranking family).
Japanese: その12家は平等ではなく指導的立場にある2家が2000石以上を食み、序列によって俸禄が定められていた（末席でも1000石であった）。
English: Only the families in the leading positions, the Yamazaki family and the Shoda family, were permitted to build their houses inside the Ote-mon Gate.
Japanese: その指導的立場の山崎家と生田（しょうだ）家だけには、大手門内に邸宅を構えさせている。
English: Iemasa had his father's bravery, but he suffered from a disease when ordered to send troops to the Winter Siege of Osaka in the Siege of Osaka on November 7, 1614, so he did not participate in the expedition.
Japanese: 父譲りの武勇を持っていたが、慶長19年10月6日(旧暦)（1614年11月7日）、大坂の役大坂冬の陣のため出兵を命ぜられるも病を患い、遠征には不参となる。
English: While exempted from dispatching the troops three days later on the 9th, he was ordered to serve as rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) at Honmaru (the keep of a castle) of Edo-jo Castle with Tadamasa TORII.
Japanese: その為、三日後の同月9日には出兵を免ぜられた分、鳥居忠政らと共に江戸城の本丸留守居役を仰せ付けられた。
English: Shunzo MOMONOI (1825 - December 3, 1885) was a swordsman at the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 桃井春蔵（もものいしゅんぞう、1825年(文政8年)－1885年(明治18年)12月3日）は、幕末期の剣術家。
English: Shunzo MOMONOI was the name that had been succeeded for generations at Shigakukan training hall and Naomasa was the fourth successor to Shunzo MOMONOI.
Japanese: 桃井春蔵の名は士学館で代々受け継がれる名であり、直正は第4代桃井春蔵である。
English: Leaving Edo in 1838, he became a disciple of Naokatsu, the third successor of Shunzo MOMONOI and learned the Kyoshin Meichi-ryu school.
Japanese: 1838年、江戸に出て3代目桃井春蔵の名を継ぐ直雄に入門し、鏡新明智流を学んだ。
English: And in 1841, he became the fourth successor to Shunzo MOMONOI at the young age of 17.
Japanese: そして1841年、17歳の若さで4代目桃井春蔵の名を襲名することとなった。
English: It is said that since they, who were the members of Shinsengumi, knew his name, a great swordsman along with Yakuro SAITO and Shusaku CHIBA, they hastily apologized and ran away.
Japanese: 新撰組の一員である彼らは、斎藤弥九郎や千葉周作と並ぶ大剣豪の名を知っていたから、慌てて謝罪し、退散したと言われている。
English: In 1866, he was appointed by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to the teacher of swordsmanship at Kobusho (a military training institute) and promoted to the Shogun's retainer.
Japanese: 1866年には江戸幕府から講武所剣術教授方出役に任じられ、幕臣として取り立てられた。
English: Shigakukan was considered one of the three great dojo halls (halls used for swordplay training) in Edo, together with Renpeikan headed by Saito and Genbukan headed by Chiba.
Japanese: 士学館は斎藤の練兵館や千葉の玄武館と並んで江戸三大道場の一つにまで数えられた。
English: Umanosuke UEDA, Hanbeta TAKECHI of Tosa clan's retainer, and Sosuke HENMI in the short term, were also disciples of Shigakukan.
Japanese: 上田馬之助、土佐藩士の武市半平太、期間は短いが逸見宗助も士学館に入門した一人である。
English: Shigetada MATSUDAIRA (1570 - August 22, 1626) was a busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the Edo period.
Japanese: 松平重忠（まつだいらしげただ、1570年（元亀元年）-1626年8月22日（寛永3年7月1日(旧暦)）は、安土桃山時代、江戸時代の武将、大名。
English: When Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) began in 1614, he was involved in the attack on Osaka-jo Castle in winter and worked to secure Fushimi-jo Castle in summer.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）に大坂の役が始まると、冬の陣では大坂城攻め、夏の陣では伏見城守備を担当した。
English: His adopted child, Shigenao earned a punishment with deprivation of 10,000 koku and was transferred to the Sanda Domain, Settsu Province with reduced revenues of 30,000 koku.
Japanese: 養子の重直は、1万石の減封をもって摂津国三田藩3万石に移封となった。
English: Shuhan TAKASHIMA (September 24, 1798 - February 28, 1866) was a hojutsuka (ballistic specialist) during the late Edo period and the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Japanese: 高島秋帆（たかしましゅうはん、1798年9月24日（寛政10年8月15日(旧暦)）-1866年2月28日（慶応2年1月14日(旧暦)））は、江戸時代後期・幕末期の砲術家。
English: He was born in 1798 as the third son of Shigeki (Shirobe) TAKASHIMA, a Nagasaki machi toshiyori (an important local officer under the Tokugawa Shogunate of Nagasaki-machi Town).
Japanese: 1798年（寛政10年）、長崎町年寄の高島茂起（四郎兵衛）の三男として生まれた。
English: At the time, since Nagasaki was the only city in Japan open to overseas, Shuhan, who grew up there, was astonished to find such a large gap between Japanese gunnery and Western gunnery, so he studied Dutch and foreign gunnery on his own, gathered firearms and so on with his private money, and in 1834, completed the Takashima ryu hojutsu.
Japanese: 当時、長崎は日本で唯一の海外と通じた都市であったため、そこで育った秋帆は、日本砲術と西洋砲術の格差を知って愕然とし、自らオランダ語や洋式砲術を学んで、私費で銃器等を揃え1834年（天保5年）に高島流砲術を完成させた。
English: Also in this year, Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA, the feudal lord of Takeo in the Saga Domain, became his disciple, and a year after in 1835, along with granting menkyo-kaiden (full proficiency), he presented his first original cannon (a bronze mortar).
Japanese: また、この年には、佐賀藩武雄領主鍋島茂義が入門、翌1835年（天保6年）免許皆伝を与えるとともに、自作第一号の大砲（青銅製モルチール砲）を献上している。
English: Later on, upon learning of Qing's defeat in the Opium War with England, Shuhan submitted a written report to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and on June 27, 1841, conducted Japan's first public exercise of foreign gunnery and western armed encampment at Bushu Tokumarugahara (at present Takashimadaira, Itabashi-Ward, Tokyo).
Japanese: その後、清がイギリスとの戦争であるアヘン戦争に敗れたことを知ると、秋帆は幕府に意見書を提出して1841年6月27日（天保12年5月9日）、武州徳丸ヶ原（現東京都板橋区高島平）で日本初となる洋式砲術と洋式銃陣の公開演習を行なった。