nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, since the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had established the jito (estate stewards), who held the right to judge criminal cases, the authority of the shomuken and honjo themselves eroded; and further, as the cases of 'Ukeoi shoen, ' which was the contract system in which the shoen owners entrusted the shomu to Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) or to the locally influential individuals in return for the exemption of the payment of the certain amount of nengu (land tax), increased during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the shomuken virtually lost its substance.
Japanese: だが、鎌倉幕府によって地頭が設置されて検断権を掌握し、更に在地勢力に発言権の高まりとともに本所及び荘務権そのものが衰退し、南北朝時代(日本)に守護請・地頭請あるいは在地の有力者などに一定額の年貢納入義務を引き換えに荘務を請負わせる「請負荘園」の増加によって荘務権は有名無実化することになる。
English: Shomin refers to the people who belonged to shoen (manors) which were differentiated from the people who lived within koryo (public lands).
Japanese: 荘民（しょうみん）とは、公領内の住民である公民に対して荘園内の住民を指す。
English: Although shomin generally referred to hyakusho-myoshu (the cultivators/owners of rice fields) or zaike-jumin (lay believers/practioners of Buddhism), in the later generations, the term also included the cultivators of isshikiden (partially exempt fields) or sanden (deteriorated rice fields) as well as shoju (retainers) and genin (servants who served their masters as slaves).
Japanese: 一般的には百姓名主や在家住人を指すが、後世には荘民から排除されていた一色田や散田の作人や所従・下人なども含まれる例も現れる。
English: In shoen of the earlier period, there were not people who were categorized as shomin, except slaves who directly belonged to the shoen owners or vagabonds who drifted from other provinces.
Japanese: 初期荘園においては、荘園領主直属の奴婢や他郷から流入してきた浮浪を例外として荘民は存在しなかった。
English: The cultivators of shoen at that time usually lived in koryo outside shoen, and as for those who had dwellings within shoen, they had registered addresses in koryo.
Japanese: 当時の耕作者は荘園外の公領に住む公民か荘園内に住居を持っていても戸籍に登録されている本貫は公領であるのが普通であった。
English: They were yoriudo (a dependent, frequently one who served a noble house or proprietor) who cultivated the fields of shoen (寄作), and had little involvement with the shoen itself.
Japanese: 彼らは寄人として耕作にあたっており（寄作）、荘園そのものとのつながりは希薄であった。
English: In order to ensure the stable number of cultivators, the shoen owners encouraged vagabonds to stay within shoen by providing them with seeds and everyday commodities.
Japanese: このため、領主は浮浪に種子や生活物資を与えて定住化させて安定した耕作者を確保しようとした。
English: During the process of the development of the shoen system and the demise of Kochi-komin sei (the system of complete state ownership of land and citizens), the shoen owners, by utilizing their political influence, endeavored to secure the cultivators as residents of their own shoen by entitling them to the exemptions of the public duties or the temporary odd-job duties; such a process is known as the establishment of myo taisei (local tax management system based on rice land).
Japanese: 荘園制の発達と公地公民制の解体の過程で荘園領主は自己の政治力を背景として国役や臨時雑役などを免除させることで寄作者を自己の荘園内に移住させて荘園内に取り込もうとした（名体制の成立）。
English: By the twelfth century when the shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) came into force, the rule, in which the residents of koryo were regarded as komin and the residents of shoen were regarded as shomin, regardless of whether the cultivator works in the fields that belong to koryo or shoen, was established; and further, the rule in which the Kokushi (an officer of local government) can impose the fueki (corvee) of the province on komin, but not on shomin, was founded on January 21, 1130, according to Myobo-ke kanmon (Report by Judicial Officials).
Japanese: 荘園公領制が成立する12世紀には耕作者が公領・荘園のいずれを耕していようとも公領居住者は公民、荘園居住者は荘民であるとする原則、そして国司は公民には令制国の賦役はかけられるが荘民にはそれができないという原則が確立されていた（大治(日本)4年12月3日(旧暦)明法家勘文）。
English: Shoen at that time had a dual class structure, which was divided into the group which included the hyakusho-myoshu who owned myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) and the zaike-jumin; and the group which included sakunin (tenant cultivators), kobyakusho (peasants who owned little plowlands), shoju, and genin.
Japanese: 当時の荘園は名田を有する百姓名主や在家住人とそれ以外の作人・小百姓・所従・下人などの2階層に分かれていた。
English: The former group belonged to the upper class which was in charge of the smooth operation of cultivation in shoen by recruiting sakunin and kobyakusho, and some of the influential figures in the group also became a shokan as a part of the managerial side of shoen.
Japanese: 前者は荘園住民のうちの上級層にあたり、年貢納入の義務を負う代わりに作人・小百姓らを動員して荘園内の円滑な耕作を行い、更に有力者には荘官の職の体系に補任されることもあった。
English: Those who belonged to the latter group, such as sakunin and kobyakusho, on the other hand, were given much less rights and security over the land they worked in comparison to hyakusho-myoshu and zaike-junin, as they were usually given a one-year contract and never had a possibility to attain a managerial post, in exchange for the partial payment of nengu for fields such as isshikiden and sanden.
Japanese: 一方、作人や小百姓は一色田や散田など年貢の一部のみの納入で許されたが、1年ごとの更新制が普通で百姓名主や在家住人よりも土地その他に対する権利保障が無く、職が与えられることも無かった。
English: There were also people without roots, such as hinin (outcasts) and kojiki (beggars), who belonged to the lowest of the class hierarchy and were discriminated against.
Japanese: 更に流動的な住民である非人・乞食などはそれよりも下位に位置しており、被差別身分にあった。
English: However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the demise of the shoen-koryo sei. Further, there were those of the upper-class who attained the position as a landlord or a jizamurai (local samurai) which enabled them to break away from the rule of the manor owners and to establish their own business managing and renting their lands to local peasants.
Japanese: だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生し、更にその中で上位の者は領主や地侍としての地位を獲得して荘園領主の支配から脱却したり、荘園内外にて独自の経営地及び独自の小作関係の形成を行うようになる。
English: However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of the productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the eventual demise of the shoen-koryo sei.
Japanese: だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生する。
English: Further, there were those of the upper-class who attained the position as a landlord or a jizamurai (local samurai) which enabled them to break away from the rule of the manor owners and to establish their own business managing and renting their lands to local peasants.
Japanese: 更にその中で上位の者は領主や地侍としての地位を獲得して荘園領主の支配から脱却したり、荘園内外にて独自の経営地及び独自の小作関係の形成を行うようになる。
English: On the other hand, the people who belonged to the lower-class fell to the even lower status of jigebyakusho, and there began, involving even the class of shoju and genin, the process of the reorganization of the class structure in the shomin populace.
Japanese: 反対に下位の者は地下百姓に転落していくなど、所従・下人身分までを巻き込んだ荘民身分の再編成が始まるようになった。
English: As a result, the class of shomin, including shoju and genin, started to form groups of peasants which confronted the manor owners and the external parties, which was a process that eventually led to the formation of the self-governing organization called 'soson.'
Japanese: やがて、所従・下人をも含めた荘民は新たな農民集団を形成して荘園領主や外部と対峙する様になり、「惣村」と呼ばれる独自の自治組織を形成する。
English: At this stage, the term 'shomin' was no longer used as it gradually and naturally disappeared.
Japanese: この段階になると、「荘民」という言葉は用いられなくなり、自然に消滅していくことになる。
English: Jisha kogyoho was a series of ordinances that imperial court authority and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) authority enforced to repair the main shrine buildings and the Buddhist temples of the religious institutions and to promote the strict observance of Shinto rituals and Buddhist memorial services.
Japanese: 寺社興行法（じしゃこうぎょうほう）とは、神社仏寺の社殿仏閣を修復して、神事仏事を厳格に実施させるために公武権力が実施した一連の法制度のこと。
English: As the term 'kogyo' meant to restore something declined and became extinct to its original state, various kogyoho were promulgated after the late Heian period when temples had been further declined for various reasons.
Japanese: 衰退して廃れた事柄を本来の形に再興することを「興行」と称したが、諸事情から寺社の衰微が進んだ平安時代後期以後各種の興行法が出された。
English: Under the new system of the imperial court administration, the restoration included repairing buildings of the religious institutions, restoration of Shinto rituals and Buddhist memorial services, assistance in lawsuits, and prohibition of shooting and fishing in the precincts; therefore, they managed to maintain the facilities and support the rituals, and secure economic base including shoryo (estate) necessary for the maintenance and support.
Japanese: 例えば、これは公家政権における新制では堂舎社殿の修復、神事仏事の再興、訴訟における便宜、寺社領内での殺生禁断などが掲げられ、施設や儀式の維持とそのために必要な所領などの経済的基盤の確保を図っている。
English: Article one of the Goseibai shikimoku of the Kamakura bakufu stipulated repairing shrines and devotion to religious services, and Article two stipulated repaiing and rebuilding of pagodas in the temples and religious services at the temples.
Japanese: また、鎌倉幕府の御成敗式目には第1条に神社の修理と祭祀の専念、第2条に寺塔の修造と仏寺の勤行を定めている。
English: The stipulations aimed at establishment of the authority of rites by Kamakura dono (Lord of Kamakura) which was the head of the warrior government.
Japanese: これは武家政権の長である鎌倉殿による祭祀権の法的確立を目指したものであった。
English: In contrast, as the term 'Tendo' meant declining and dying out of a normally operated thing, the tendo became more intensified during the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: その一方で、本来正常に行われていた事柄がが衰退して廃れることを「顚倒」と称したが、鎌倉時代後期になるとそれが深刻になっていった。
English: The problem of embezzling of jisharyo (holdings of temples and shrines) by kokuga (imperial household officials or an estate manager) or bushi (samurai) was the background of the tendo -- But in some cases, as Buddhist monks and Shinto priests inherited the shoryo, which was necessary for maintenance of the facilities and support of the rituals, accompanying their religious belief (Buddhist monks inherited the shoryo from the master to the disciple, correspondingly to the case of the Shinto priests where they inherited the shoryo from father to children), they began to privatize the shoryo such that they could use the shoryo for private purposes, which had nothing to do with their religious activities, or that they sold the shoryo to the other person at their own discretion in the worst cases.
Japanese: その背景として国衙や武士による寺社領の横領という問題もあったが、僧侶や神官によって信仰に付随して施設や儀式の維持とそのために必要な所領が相続継承されていく（僧侶の場合は師弟間の継承が神官の子弟間の相続に相当する）うちに私有化され、宗教とは関係のない私的目的に利用されたり、場合によっては勝手に他者に売却される場合もあった。
English: In such circumstances, the biggest problem in the Jisha Kogyo was to restore the situation that the shoryo which should belong to the shrine or the Buddhist temple (god's belongings, Buddha's belongings) was treated as the private things of the Buddhist monks and the Shinto priests (monk's belongings, Buddha's belongings) to the original state.
Japanese: このため、神社・仏事に帰属されるべき所領（神物・仏物）が僧侶・神官の私物（僧物・仏物）になってしまった状態を元の状態に戻すことが寺社興行における最大の課題となる。
English: Especially, the crisis in the foreign relations caused by the Mongolian Expeditions against Japan forced the imperial court authority and the bakufu authority to protect the temples and shrines; besides, supported by tenjin sokan setsu (theory of correlation between Heaven and man), tokusei (debt cancellation edict) issued by the cloistered emperor's government or the bakufu provided various kinds of Jisha Kogyo.
Japanese: 特に元寇による対外的危機は公武権力を寺社保護に向かわせ、天人相関説も相まって院政や幕府における徳政において各種寺社興行の規定が設けられた。
English: Those Jisha Kogyo forfeited the shoryo, which should have been the god's belongings or Buddha's belongings, from the current holder and forcefully returned the shoryo to the temples or the shrines; besides, based on the reasoning such that the privatization was caused by the inheritance of the positions of the Buddhist monks and shrine priests, the Jisha Kogyo prohibited the monks and priests to inherit the position to disciples and children at their own discretion.
Japanese: これは神物・仏物であった所領を現在の所有者から没収して強制的に寺社に返還させる一方、僧侶・神官の相続が私物化の原因にあるとして僧侶・神官が職の体系を弟子や子弟に無条件に継承させることを禁じた。
English: The policy was culminated in the Bunei era and Koan era which corresponded to the period of the cloistered emperor's governments by Emperor Gosaga and Emperor Kameyama in the imperial court administration, and the period of the government led by Tokimune HOJO and the government led by Sadatoki HOJO (Yasumori ADACHI as an advisor), when various kinds of Shinryo Kogyo were conducted to shrines and similar policies were also conducted to the temples under the so-called 'Koan Tokusei.'
Japanese: こうした政策は公家政権では後嵯峨天皇・亀山天皇院政期、武家政権では北条時宗・北条貞時政権（安達泰盛補佐）期にあたる文永・弘安年間に最高潮に達し、いわゆる「弘安徳政」のもとで各種の神領興行が行われたほか、寺院に対しても同様の措置が見られた。
English: As the imperial court administration and the bakufu declined, the edict of tokusei decreased, and the Jisha Kogyo became in name only except that influential samurai families became patrons of specific temples or shrines which they were closely tied with.
Japanese: だが、鎌倉時代末期以後公武政権の失墜に伴って徳政そのものが衰退していき、有力武家による自身にゆかりのある特定寺社への保護を例外として寺社興行法も有名無実化していくことになる。
English: Jisha Honjoryo was shoen (private estate) and shoryo (individual holding, domain) specifically meaning kugeryo (estate of the nobility) and jisharyo (estate of local temples and shrines) separately from bukeryo (estate of samurai family.)
Japanese: 寺社本所領（じしゃほんじょりょう）とは、武家領に対して公家領・寺社領にあたる荘園・所領のことである。
English: Before the twelfth century when bushi (warriors) came into power, there was no distinction among the estates, and shoen and shoryo belonged to honjo (owner of shoen), who has shomuken (administrative power and jurisdiction in shoen), were called 'honjo ryo' (patronage properties) of the corresponding ryoshu (estate proprietors; the court nobles, temples and shrines).
Japanese: 武士が政治的権力を持つ12世紀以前にはこうした区別は存在せず、荘務権を持つ本所に属する荘園・所領を該当する領主（公家・寺社）の「本所領」と称した。
English: At the end of the twelfth century, however, three of the bukeryo including Kanto goryo (shogun's personal holdings) of the Kamakura shogun (general of the eastern pacification command in Kamakura), corresponding to shoen and shoryo, the existing kugeryo and jisharyo, and kokugaryo (provincial land) koryo (public land) needed to be distinguished from one another, and accordingly, they were called 'honjoryo.'
Japanese: ところが、12世紀末に鎌倉将軍の荘園・所領に相当する関東御領をはじめとする武家領と既存の公家領・寺社領、更に公領である国衙領の3者間の区別を必要とし、これを「本所領」と呼んだ。
English: The Kamakura bakufu succeeded in calling the residents in the honjoryo, in which the bakufu established a ruling throughout the land, to arms through the external crisis accompanying Genko (Mongol Invasion), but still cannot exercise kendanken (provincial policing authority) and so forth on the honjoryo -- On the contrary, the bakufu prayed for divine protection and expected god and Buddha to support the bakufu to overcome the external crisis, and took a policy to protect not the right of the gokenin (the top of the warrior-class hierarchy) but the right of the jisharyo by issuing the jishakogyoho (Shrine restoration policy).
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府は元寇に伴う対外的危機を通じて、一円支配が確立した本所領の住人を動員することには成功したが、それでも検断権などを本所領に対しては及ぼすことが出来ず、却って寺社興行法などで御家人の権利よりも寺社領の権限を保護する政策を取って神仏の加護よる対外危機の克服を期待する有様であった。
English: The term 'honjoryo' originally included the jisharyo, but from the end of the Kamakura period to the Nanbokucho period (Japanese North and South Dynasties period), 'jisharyo' was written separately from 'honjoryo' to distinguish between the jisharyo and the honjoryo.
Japanese: なお、「本所領」という語には本来は寺社領も含まれているが、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけて寺社領を他の本所領と区別するために「寺社領」と「本所領」を併記する用法が出現するようになった
English: The Muromachi bakufu called the jisharyo and the kugeryo collectively as 'jisha honjoryo', and called especially the land, throughout of which was ruled by the bakufu and neither jito (steward) nor azukari dokoro (estate custodian) was placed, as honjo ichien shihaichi (honjo throughout ruled land) (It was considered that the term 'jisha honjoryo' first appeared in the laws and regulations of the bakufu in 1351. The kokugaryo was included in the jisha honjoryo in some cases.)
Japanese: 室町幕府は寺社領及び公家領を「寺社本所領」と呼び、特に地頭やその他預所が置かれていない本所の一円支配領を本所一円支配地と呼んだ（なお、「寺社本所領」の初出は観応2年/正平(日本)6年（1351年）の幕府法令とされている。また、国衙領を寺社本所領に加えた用法もある）。
English: Along with kinri goryo (private estate of Imperial Palace) and denka watariryo (a collection of estates passed on by inheritance to the Fujiwara house chieftain) (sekkanke shoryo; estate of the Fujiwara regent's line), jisha honjoryo was under the protection of the bakufu, but in the Nanbokucho civil war, hyoro ryosho (land specified for collecting provisions) was settled there for securing provisions or it was embezzled by samurai families as the object of hanzeirei (half-tax decrees).
Japanese: 寺社本所領は禁裏御料及び殿下渡領（摂関家所領）とともに保護の対象とされていたが、南北朝の内乱の中で兵粮の確保のために兵粮料所が設置や半済令の対象として武家の押領が相次いだ。
English: To cope with this situation, the Muromachi bakufu took the attitude of rejecting all the cases of embezzlement by forcing shitaji chubun (physical division of the shoen) on the jisha honjoryo by promulgating oan no hanzeirei (half-tax decrees in the oan era) (but, even the half-tax measure was rejected for kinri goryo, denka watariryo, and honjo ichien shihaichi); however, during the Sengoku period (warring states period), the decree became in name only and most part of the jisha honjoryo except for the land under the direct rule was deprived by sengoku daimyo (local chieftain of warring province) and kokujin (leading local warrior).
Japanese: そのため、室町幕府は応安の半済令を定めて寺社本所領の下地中分を強行する代わりに一切の押領を認めない（ただし、禁裏御料・殿下渡領・本所一円支配地は半済そのものも否認する）姿勢を取ったが、戦国時代(日本)になるとそれも有名無実化して直務支配下にあった一部例外を除いたほとんどの寺社本所領は戦国大名や国人に奪われていくことになる。
English: "Jishi menkyo" refers to the exemption from "jishi" (the tax imposed on the land of the town's residential area during the early modern ages of Japan) permitted by a feudal lord, and jishi corresponded to "nengu" (the tax imposed on the land of farming villages).
Japanese: 地子免許（じしめんきょ）とは、近世の都市において町屋敷地にかかる地子（農村の年貢に相当する）を領主権力が免除すること。
English: Firstly, it is pointed out that the feudal lord planned to attract merchants to the town - especially, to the castle town and to the post station town - for the promotion of commerce and industry.
Japanese: まず領主による都市、特に城下町・宿場町などでの商工業振興のための町人誘致の目的が指摘されている。
English: Secondly, it is also pointed out that jishi menkyo had a connection with the concept from the medieval ages that the town was the "asylum" (the area on which the political power could not exert its sovereignty).
Japanese: 第二に中世以来の「無縁」概念（都市をアジールとする考え）との関連性も指摘されている。
English: Constant jishi was exempt for sure, but this seems to have been in exchange for the provisional imposition that was put when necessary.
Japanese: すなわち、必要に応じた賦課を課すことに対する代償として恒常的な地子の免除が行われたとも考えられる。
English: In some cities, the rights on land were so complicated that it was impossible to determine who should bear the burden, and instead, a new tax system of the city seems to have been introduced.
Japanese: また一部都市では、錯綜する土地権利ゆえ賦課者が確定できず、地子に代わる新しい都市税制を導入したとみられる場所もある。
English: And in some areas, including the area which is now called Okayama City, the city boundary and the rights on land were determined, so jishi was imposed on the residents throughout the early modern ages.
Japanese: 更に岡山市のように都市の範囲と土地権利の確定が行われて地子が近世を通じて導入されている地域もある。
English: And in some areas, including the area which is now called Kanazawa City, the jishi-imposed area (called "jishi-cho") and the exempt area (called "hon-cho") were separated.
Japanese: また金沢市のように賦課地域（地子町）と免除地域（本町）が分離している地域もある。
English: In some cities - newborn ones and renewed ones - such as Edo, residents offered "kuniyaku" (public duties) to the feudal lord at the early stage of the city development, and in exchange, they received the land of the town's residential area that was newly developed.
Japanese: そして、江戸のように全く新しくあるいはそれに近い都市改造の結果誕生した都市では、初期段階において領主への国役などの負担と引換に新設された町屋敷地を拝領する方式が取られた地域もある。
English: In this case, jishi was non-existent from the beginning rather than exempt.
Japanese: そのような例では地子が「免許」されたというより「初めからなかった」と捉えたほうが事実に近い。
English: The regime of Nobunaga ODA is said to have granted jishi menkyo to Kano-juku (a castle town of Gifu Castle) and allowed the town to implement raku ichi raku za (a commercial policy that permitted free markets and open guilds) for the first time in 1567.
Japanese: 織田政権が永禄10年（1567年）に岐阜城の城下町である加納宿に楽市楽座とともに地子免許を命じたのが初例とされている。
English: And then, the regime of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI gave jishi menkyo to the whole "Rakuchu" (inside the capital Kyoto) after the Rakuchu land survey was implemented in 1591.
Japanese: 続いて豊臣政権が天正19年（1591年）の京都における洛中検地後に洛中全域に対して行われた。
English: And also, the Tokugawa regime gave jishi menkyo to the major post station towns from 1600 to 1602 in exchange for the duty to provide the post horses, and afterward, jishi menkyo was given to the local post station towns - mainly, those on "Gokai-do Road" (the Five Highways radiating from Edo).
Japanese: 更に徳川政権が慶長5年（1600年）から同7年（1602年）にかけて主要な宿場町の伝馬役の代償として地子免許を与え、後に五街道を中心に各地の宿場町で認められた。
English: However, the Meiji government formulated the policy of collecting land tax from every tract of land - in other words, permitted no tax-free land - and in 1871, it abandoned the jishi menkyo before the Land Tax Reform.
Japanese: だが、明治政府は全ての土地から地税を徴収する（免税地を認めない）方針を打ちたて、明治4年（1871年）に地租改正に先立って地子免除が廃止された。
English: Seiba ga haru no tatakai or Seiba ga haru kassen (Seiba ga haru Battle) was the battle fought between Daimyo (feudal lord) Yoshitaka OUCHI in the Chugoku District (western Honshu) and Daimyo Yoshiaki OTOMO in Bungo Province in May 1534 all over Mt. Omure in Bungo Province (present Yamaura, Yamaga-machi town, Kitsuki City, Oita Prefecture).
Japanese: 勢場ヶ原の戦い/勢場ヶ原合戦（せいばがはるのたたかい/せいばがはるかっせん）とは、中国地方の大名大内義隆と豊後の大名大友義鑑との間で天文(元号)3年（1534年）4月に、豊後大村山付近（現大分県杵築市山香町山浦近辺）で行われた合戦。
English: It was a battle for hegemony over northern Kyushu and the biggest battle between OTOMO and OUCHI.
Japanese: 北九州の覇権をかけた合戦であると同時に、大友・大内間の最大の戦闘となった。
English: 大牟礼山 and 大村山 (Mt. Omure) read 'Omure san', which was also used as the battle name because the OUCHI army pitched camp there.
Japanese: なお、大牟礼山/大村山は「おおむれさん」と読み、大内軍の陣があったことから戦闘名としても使われる。
English: From the beginning of the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the Ouchi clan which had been influential in Buzen and Chikuzen in the northern part of Kyushu placed the many regions from Iwami and Aki in the east to Chikuzen, Hizen, Chikugo and so forth in the west under its control.
Japanese: 戦国初期より、九州北部の豊前、筑前に勢力をもっていた大内氏は、東は石見・安芸、西は筑前、肥前、筑後など、多くの地域を勢力下においていた。
English: Since the Otomo clan had been shugo (military governor) of Bungo Province for a long time, aiming at subjugation of northern Kyushu, it was infuriated with the Ouchi clan -- There had been small-scale to medium-scale power struggles between the Otomo and the Ouchi clans around such regions as Buzen and Chikugo from the fifteenth century to the first half of the sixteenth century.
Japanese: これは、昔から豊後守護であり、北九州を抑えようとしていた大友氏には忌々しい存在であり、15世紀から16世紀前半には豊前や筑前などを舞台に大友と大内の小中規模な勢力争いが続いていた。
English: While fighting the Otomo clan, the Ouchi clan also fought against the Shoni clan and so forth in Chikugo, gradually assuming the hegemony of northern Kyushu.
Japanese: 大内氏は大友と戦いながら、筑後の少弐氏などとも戦い、北九州の覇権を強めていく。
English: When father Yoshioki OUCHI died and Yoshitaka OUCHI inherited from his father, Yoshitaka commanded Okifusa SUE, who had taken part in various battles, to conquer northern Kyushu, dispatching him to Kyushu.
Japanese: 大内義興の死後、息子の大内義隆が後を継ぐと、義隆は各地を転戦していた陶興房を九州に派遣し、北九州を攻略するように命じた。
English: In 1533, Okifusa SUE invaded Akizuki, Chikuzen but was defeated by an army commanded by Yoshiaki OTOMO.
Japanese: 1533年、筑前秋月に侵攻した陶興房は、大友義鑑率いる軍勢に敗れた。
English: In 1534, Yoshitaka OUCHI dispatched an army 3000 strong headed by Okifusa, who had returned to Suwa, to Shimonoseki, aiming at subjugation of Bungo where the Otomo clan was based.
Japanese: 1534年、大内義隆は、周防に帰還していた興房を大将とする3,000余りの軍を下関に送り、大友の本拠豊後の平定を狙った。
English: Yoshiaki OTOMO sent an army 2800 strong headed by Ujinao YOSHIHIRO, the castellan of Yoshihiro, Kunisaki, and Mikawa no kami Chikamasa SODA to Mt. Omure, Buzen to oppose the invasion of the Ouchi army to Bungo.
Japanese: 大友義鑑は、国東吉弘城主吉弘氏直、三河守寒田親将を大将とする2,800余を豊前大村山に送り込み、大内軍の豊後侵攻に対抗させた。
English: In May, the armies, numbering in all 5800 men (6100 men, if the army at Kanagoe-toge pass is included) assembled on the border between Bungo and Buzen, and commenced fighting.
Japanese: 総勢5,800（鹿鳴峠の軍勢を入れると6,100）の軍勢が4月、豊後、豊前の国境に集まり、合戦が始まった。