nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In cheap fiction of later years, such as the"Hitomaro Himitsu-sho", there are some distorted interpretations such as that he was Jito's lover, perhaps to suit the style of a novel.
Japanese: 後世の俗書（『人丸秘密抄』など）では、持統の愛人であったとみるような曲解もあらわれてくるが、これはもとより小説である。
English: In the second volume of the "Manyoshu", a poem about grief over a dead man in Sanuki Province (volume 2, 220-222) survives, and both a farewell poem at Kamoyama in Iwami Province and elegies for his death also survive (volume 2, 223-227).
Japanese: 『万葉集』巻2に讃岐国で死人を嘆く歌（巻2・220-222）が残り、また石見国は鴨山での辞世歌と、彼の死を哀悼する挽歌（巻2・223-227）が残されている。
English: Therefore, it is largely thought that he became an official, was transferred to one office after another and finally died in Iwami Province.
Japanese: そのため、官人となって各地を転々とし最後に石見国で亡くなったとみられることも多い。
English: However, there are some influential theories about the death poem; one says that it is a song-drama in which Hitomaro himself pretended he was dying (Haku ITO) and another says that it is just a pretext provided by people of later generations.
Japanese: が、この辞世歌については、人麻呂が自身の死を演じた歌謡劇であるとの理解（伊藤博）や、後人の仮託であるとの見解も有力である。
English: In addition, it is absolutely certain that he remained in the capital even after Prince Kusakabe's death due to the fact that his elegy for Princess Asuka who died in 700 still exists today.
Japanese: また、文武4年（700年）に薨去した明日香皇女への挽歌が残されていることからみて、草壁の死後も都にとどまっていたことは間違いない。
English: Because no poem survives which was definitely composed in the late period when the capital was placed at Fujiwara-kyo (the Imperial capital of Japan for 16 years between 694 and 710) or after the transfer of the capital to Heijokyo (the ancient capital of Japan in present-day Nara), he is considered to have passed away before the relocation of the capital to Heijokyo.
Japanese: 藤原京時代の後半や、平城京遷都後の確実な作品が残らないことから、平城京遷都前には亡くなったものと思われる。
English: He is said to be first among the poets in the "Manyoshu" which has 19 of his choka (long poems) and 75 of his tanka (short poems) in it.
Japanese: 彼は『万葉集』第一の歌人といわれ、長歌19首・短歌75首が掲載されている。
English: He also composed a poem related to having faith in the power of language: 'It has been said that this country, Yamato, is a country protected by the spirits of language, so please relax and keep safe on your journey'.
Japanese: また、「敷島の大和の国は言霊の助くる国ぞまさきくありこそ」という言霊信仰に関する歌も詠んでいる。
English: He used such complicated and diverse couplets in his choka that he was even said to be the person who perfected the choka.
Japanese: 長歌では複雑で多様な対句を用い、長歌の完成者とまで呼ばれるほどであった。
English: It indicates Hitomaro's originality that half among the more than 140 kinds of makura kotoba used in his tanka were not seen before his time.
Japanese: また短歌では140種あまりの枕詞を使ったが、そのうち半数は人麻呂以前には見られないものである点が彼の独創性を表している。
English: In the paeans and elegies, he expresses praise and his deeds loudly and clearly, using expressions that indicate the emperor is a deity such as 'as the emperor is a deity', 'as a deity, which he is, he behaves as a deity is supposed to do' and 'a prince of sun that shines high into the sky'.
Japanese: 賛歌・挽歌については、「大君は　神にしませば」「神ながら　神さびせすと」「高照らす　日の皇子」のような天皇即神の表現などをもって高らかに賛美、事績を表現する。
English: These expressions that indicate the emperor is a deity are predominantly seen in Hitomaro's poems, although there are a few examples in the ballads in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki among others.
Japanese: この天皇即神の表現については、記紀の歌謡などにもわずからながら例がないわけではないが、人麻呂の作に圧倒的に多い。
English: It can be said to be an expression produced by the energy of the time during a period from the reign of Emperor Tenmu to Jito, when the Japanese nation was being established under the ritsuryo codes, and also taking into account the limitations of the period in regard to expressions.
Japanese: 天武朝から持統朝という律令国家制定期におけるエネルギーの生み出した、時代に規制される表現であるといえる。
English: In regard to the choka above, many theories, such as that of Mokichi SAITO, used to purport that Hitomaro had many wives and mistresses, but recent theories generally assert that he composed these poems as love stories, not on the basis of his own real-life experiences.
Japanese: かつては多くの妻妾を抱えていたものと思われていたが（たとえば斎藤茂吉）、近時は恋物語を詠んだもので、人麻呂の実体験を歌にしたものではないとの理解が大勢である。
English: However, extremely sexual expressions are not uncommon in Hitomaro's love poems, starting with sleeping with someone.
Japanese: ただし、人麻呂の恋歌的表現は共寝をはじめ非常に性的な表現が少なくない。
English: Utsubo KUBOTA mentions that Hitomaro was a man who emphasized wedlock ("Manyoshu hyoshaku [explanatory notes]").
Japanese: 窪田空穂が人麻呂は夫婦生活というものを重視したひとであるとの旨を述べている（『万葉集評釈』）。
English: This comment focuses on what Hitomaro's expressions were, leaving aside whether the content of the poems was fact or fiction.
Japanese: それは、歌の内容が事実・虚構であることの有無を別にして、人麻呂の表現のありかたをとらえたものである。
English: In the poem below, makura kotoba and jo kotoba are used freely and skillfully, and this poem appears in the Hyakunin Isshu (100 waka poems by 100 poets).
Japanese: 次の歌は枕詞、序詞を巧みに駆使しており、百人一首にも載せられている。
English: However, there is a similar poem among those poems which are "based on different stories" in the "Manyoshu" volume 12, 2802, but there is no positive proof that this was composed by Hitomaro.
Japanese: ただし、これに類似する歌は『万葉集』巻12・2802の異伝歌であり、人麻呂作との明証はない。
English: Because "Shui wakashu" (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems) also contains this poem, it is likely to be one modeled after Hitomaro, as many of Hitomaro's poems in the Heian Period and afterwards are.
Japanese: 『拾遺和歌集』にもとられいるので、平安以降の人麻呂の多くの歌がそうであるように、人麻呂に擬せられた歌であろう。
English: I'll sleep alone through the long, long night, which is like a drooping tail of a mountain pheasant that is said to sleep alone in the night, separated from his partner in the valley beyond.
Japanese: 夜になると谷を隔てて独り寂しく寝るという山鳥の長く垂れた尾のように、長い長いこの夜を、私は独り寂しく寝るのだろう。
English: Coming away from the countryside with a pining heart, I saw the mountains of Yamato from the Strait of Akashi.
Japanese: 天離（あまざか）る鄙（ひな）の長道（ながぢ）を恋ひ来れば明石の門（と）より大和島見ゆ
English: In addition to the works above, the Aikoku Hyakunin Isshu (100 Patriotic Poems by 100 Poets) contains a poem praising an emperor: 'As an emperor is a deity, he is living in the palace on a mountain of thunderbolts covered with clouds'.
Japanese: また、愛国百人一首には「大君は神にしませば天雲の雷の上に廬（いほり）せるかも」という天皇を称えた歌が採られている。
English: As mentioned above, there are no records of Hitomaro in any history book and his life is considered a mystery.
Japanese: 上記の通り、人麻呂について史書に記載がなく、その生涯については謎とされていた。
English: In the pre-medieval period, the manajo (a preface written in Chinese) of the "Kokin Wakashu" (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems) described him as 'Kakinomoto no taifu', indicating that he was ranked as in the fifth grade or higher, and its kanajo (a preface written in kana) describes him as 'oki mitsu no kurai', showing that he was Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).
Japanese: 古くは『古今和歌集』の真名序に五位以上を示す「柿本大夫」、仮名序に正三位である「おほきみつのくらゐ」と書かれていた。
English: In addition to this, considering his work of composing paeans for the Imperial family and elegies for princes and princesses and the importance of that work, he must have been a high official.
Japanese: また、皇室讃歌や皇子・皇女の挽歌を歌うという仕事の内容や重要性からみても、高官であったと受け取られていた。
English: In the Edo Period, Keichu and KAMO no Mabuchi believed that Hitomaro ended his life as a subordinate official of the sixth grade or lower, for the following reasons which are based on historical sources.
Japanese: 江戸時代、契沖、賀茂真淵らが、史料に基づき、以下の理由から人麻呂は六位以下の下級官吏で生涯を終えたとされた。
English: The achievements of someone ranked as fifth grade or higher had to be recorded in an official history, but Hitomaro's name does not appear in any of them.
Japanese: 五位以上の身分の者の事跡については、正史に記載しなければならなかったが、人麻呂の名は正史に見られない。
English: According to the Ritsuryo codes, 薨 should be written if the person is ranked as third grade or higher, 卒 should be written if they are ranked as fourth or fifth grade, and if they are ranked as sixth or lower, it should be written as 死.
Japanese: 律令には、三位以上は薨、四位と五位は卒、六位以下は死と表記することとなっている。
English: However, in the foreword of a poem in the "Manyoshu" about the death of Hitomaro, it is recorded as '死'.
Japanese: が、『万葉集』の人麻呂の死をめぐる歌の詞書には「死」と記されている。
English: That place, as being the place of Hitomaro's death, is taken as a given among local people, and they show their praise for his tours de force through Kakinomoto-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 地元では人麻呂の終焉の地としては既成事実としてとらえ、柿本神社としてその偉業を称えている。
English: However, the real place Hitomaru died is Kamoshima Island, which used to be near Masuda City.
Japanese: しかし人麻呂が没したとされる場所は、益田市沖合にあったとされる、鴨島である。
English: The reason why it 'used to be' is, that Kamoshima Island no longer exists.
Japanese: 「あった」とされるのは、現代にはその鴨島が存在していないからである。
English: The place where Kamoshima Island is considered to have existed is said to have been submerged sometime in the medieval period due to an earthquake (the Manju earthquake) and a tsunami.
Japanese: 鴨島があったとされる場所は、中世に地震（万寿地震）と津波があり水没したといわれる。
English: In 1993, this submergence was scientifically recognized through research, and it was ascertained that this event was likely to be a historical fact.
Japanese: この水没については、1993年に調査され、科学的に認められたため、ほぼ史実であると明らかになった。
English: There is another theory by Mokichi SAITO that his place of death was in Kamoyama in Yugakae hot springs in Misato Town, Ochi County (Shimane Prefecture).
Japanese: また他にも同県邑智郡美郷町(島根県)にある湯抱温泉鴨山の地という斎藤茂吉の説がある。
English: In opposition to the commonly accepted theory, Takeshi UMEHARA adventurously studied and discussed other theories in his "Minasoko no uta: KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro Ron" (Underwater poems: on KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro).
Japanese: その通説に梅原猛は『水底の歌－柿本人麻呂論』において大胆な論考を行った。
English: He advocated 'the theory of Hitomaro being exiled and dying by execution' suggesting that, although Hitomaro was a highly ranked official, he was involved in a political dispute and was executed, and that this was well known.
Japanese: 人麻呂は高官であったが政争に巻き込まれ処刑したとの「人麻呂流人刑死説」を唱え、話題となった。
English: Also, if Hitomaro was as highly ranked an official as Umehara claimed, it is odd that nothing was recorded in documents such as the "Shoku Nihongi".
Japanese: また梅原がいうように人麻呂が高官であったのなら、それが『続日本紀』などになに一つ残されていない点などに問題があるからである。
English: In addition, Motohiko IZAWA made his debut with a novel based on this theory of Umehara's, called "Sarumaru Genshi Ko"(Illusionary Travel around Sarumaru).
Japanese: なお、この梅原説を基にして、井沢元彦が著したものがデビュー作『猿丸幻視行』である。
English: There is an obituary for KAKINOMOTO no Ason Saru for the entry of May 18, 708 in the Shoku Nihongi.
Japanese: 続日本紀、元明天皇の和銅元年（708年）4月20日の項に柿本朝臣猨（エン、さる？）の死亡記事がある。
English: There is a theory that this KAKINOMOTO no Saru might be Hitomaro himself, made to change his name like WAKE no Kiyomaro through being involved in political strife and provoking the displeasure of a member of the Imperial family.
Japanese: この柿本サルこそが、政争に巻き込まれ皇族の怒りを買い、和気清麻呂のように変名させられた人麻呂ではないかとする説もある。
English: However, it has already been pointed out that in those days there were many people whose name included the name of an animal or an insect such as FUJIWARA no Umakai and TAKAHASHI no Mushimaro, and it is hard to consider the name 'saru' (monkey) a derogatory name.
Japanese: しかし、当時、藤原宇合（うまかい）・高橋虫麻呂をはじめ、なまえに動物・虫などのを含んだ人物は幾人もおり、「サル」という名前が蔑称であるとは考え難いことはすでに指摘されている。
English: For that reason, Motohiko IZAWA mentions in the second volume of the "Gyakusetsu no Nihonshi" (Japanese History from a Paradoxical View) that he was 'promoted' from 'Saru' (an ape) to Hitomaro (Hito means a man.)
Japanese: このため、井沢元彦は『逆説の日本史』(2)で、「サル」から人麻呂に「昇格」したと述べている。
English: However, there is no positive proof that being 'Hito' (man) means being paid respect, and his opinion also has the same problems as Umehara's.
Japanese: しかし、「人」とあることが敬意を意味するという明証はなく、梅原論とおなじ問題点を抱えている。
English: As for KAKINOMOTO no Saru, it should be said that we do not know anything except that he was of the same family of Hitomaro and a contemporary.
Japanese: 柿本サルについては、ほぼ同時代を生きた人麻呂の同族であった、という以上のことはわからないというべきであろう。
English: In the kanajo (a preface written in kana) for "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), he was feted as a kasei (great poet) together with KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro.
Japanese: 『古今和歌集』の仮名序において、柿本人麻呂とともに歌聖と呼ばれ称えられている。
English: These two great people were first mentioned in a work by OTOMO no Yakamochi, written in Chinese, which was collected in "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) as 'A school of 山柿' ('山' means Yamabe, and '柿' means Kakinomoto).
Japanese: この人麻呂との対は、『万葉集』の大伴家持の漢文に、「山柿の門」（山部の「山」と柿本の「柿」）とあるのを初見とする。
English: The details of his life are unknown, but it is thought that he was a lower-ranking government official as his name does not appear in history books such as "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued).
Japanese: その経歴は定かではないが、『続日本紀』などの史書に名前が見えないことから、下級官人であったと推測されている。
English: Poems remain from only the Jinki and Tenpyo eras, and he composed many poems in praise of the Emperor during imperial visits.
Japanese: 神亀・天平の両時代にのみ作品が残され、行幸などにしたがっての天皇讃歌の多かった。
English: During the middle of the Heian Period, around the time when "Shui Wakashu" (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems) was compiled, his private poetry collection, "Akahito shu," (one of the Sanjurokunin shu, or Collected Poems of Thirty-six Poets) was written as his reputation grew.
Japanese: 平安時代中期（『拾遺和歌集』頃とされる）には名声の高まりに合わせて、私家集の『赤人集』（三十六人集のひとつ）も編まれている。
English: This was a collection which contained some poems from the 11th volume of Manyoshu, but as with "Hitomaroshu" (the collection of KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro) and "Yakamochishu" (the Collected Works of OTOMO no Yakamochi), it hardly included any works by Akahito of the Manyo period.
Japanese: これは万葉集の巻11の歌などを集めたもので、『人麻呂集』や『家持集』とおなじく万葉の赤人の作はほとんど含んでいない。
English: Poems by Manyo poets such as Hitomaro were not included until "Gosen Wakashu" (Later Selected Collection of Japanese Poetry), but in the period of "Shuishu" (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems) the number of poems suddenly increased, and this is considered relevant.
Japanese: 『後撰和歌集』まではあまり採られることのなかった人麻呂ら万葉歌人の作が、『拾遺集』になって急増するので、関連が考えられている。
English: The best known poem by Akahito seems to be that which appears in the Hyakunin Isshu (a collection of one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets).
Japanese: 赤人の作として、もっともよく知られているのは百人一首におさめられた、
English: In Manyoshu, the poem was 'Tago no ura yu uchi idete mireba mashiro ni so fuji no takane ni yuki ha furi keru' which is similar in meaning.
Japanese: 万葉集には、田子の浦ゆうち出でてみれば真白にそ富士の高嶺に雪は降りける、とある。
English: The list of characters in the Tale of Genji is the list of fictional characters appearing in the story.
Japanese: 源氏物語の登場人物一覧（げんじものがたりのとうじょうじんぶついちらん）は、『源氏物語』に登場する、架空の人物の一覧である。
English: Although for a time he thought of making Genji, as something to remember his mother by, the Crown Prince, after considering his son's future, he reduced him in status to a commoner.
Japanese: その忘れ形見の源氏を一時は春宮にとも願ったが、将来を考えて臣籍降下させる。
English: (His rank is Sochi no Miya (the Viceroy Prince) at the beginning and Hyobukyo no MIYA (His Highness of War) after 'Otome' (The Maidens), and he is called by this name because he is a main character in 'Hotaru' (The Fireflies)).
Japanese: （始め帥の宮、「少女(源氏物語)」以降兵部卿宮。「蛍(源氏物語)」の主要人物であることからこの名で呼ばれる）
English: He and Genji were on good terms with each other, and their relations continued even when many people cut their relations with Genji just before he left the capital for Suma.
Japanese: 源氏とは親しく、須磨下向直前に源氏との関係を断つ者が増えた時にも関係を維持し続けた。
English: Genji favored her the most among his wives and ladies after the death of Lady Aoi, although she was not his lawful wife.
Japanese: 葵の上亡き後、光源氏の正室ではないが、源氏の妻たちの中では、最も寵愛される。
English: Lady Akashi: Hikaru Genji's lover and Lady Akashi's (later Empress Akashi) biological mother.
Japanese: 明石の御方（あかしのかた、明石の御方(あかしのおんかた)とも）:光源氏の愛人で明石の女御の生母。
English: Suetsumuhana: The princess of Prince Hitachi.
Japanese: 末摘花_(源氏物語)（すえつむはな）:常陸宮（ひたちのみや）の姫君。
English: Asagao (also called Princess Asagao and Asagao, the high priestess of Kamo): The daughter of Prince Momozono, and the high priestess of Kamo.
Japanese: 朝顔_(源氏物語)（あさがおのひめぎみ、朝顔の斎院(あさがおのさいいん)とも）:桃園式部卿宮の娘、斎院。
English: Although she was a cultivated and elegant lady, she becomes a vengeful spirit and curses Genji's wives and ladies due to both love and resentment for Genji.
Japanese: 教養高く優雅な貴婦人だが、源氏への愛と恨みから怨霊となって女君たちに祟る。
English: Young Lady Akashi (also called Empress Akashi and Lady Akashi): The eldest daughter of Hikaru Genji.
Japanese: 明石の姫君（あかしのちゅうぐう、明石の姫君、明石女御とも）:光源氏の長女。
English: Kaoru (also called Kaoru no Kimi): Officially he is the second son of Hikaru Genji, but in fact he was the son of Kashiwagi born by Onna San no Miya.
Japanese: 薫（かおる、薫君(かおるのきみ)とも）:表向きは光源氏の次男であるが、実は柏木と女三宮の男子。
English: Despite To no Chujo being the head of the family, he was always in competition with Genji for power and always failed to take it from him.
Japanese: 頭の中将が統領の時代には源氏と権勢を競ったが、常に源氏に敗れ続けた。
English: Furthermore, when the story reaches the "ten chapters of Uji jujo" (the Ten Books of Uji), Kobai is the head of the family and Yugiri has become the Sadaijin.
Japanese: なお、『宇治十帖』では紅梅が一族の統領だが、その時代の左大臣は夕霧。
English: While the lineage between Genji and Emperor Reizei as a father and son is implied to be skill in pictures and painting, the Fujiwara clan regards music as their specialty.
Japanese: ※源氏:冷泉帝親子は絵画をその血統の暗示とされているのに対し、こちらは音楽を一族の家芸としている。
English: When Emperor Reizei ascended to the throne, he was appointed as the Grand Minister (at the age of 63, in 'Miotsukushi' (Channel Buoys)) at the request of Genji.
Japanese: 冷泉帝即位時には源氏の要請を受け太政大臣に就いた（63歳。「澪標」）。
English: However, she could not match Empress Akikonomu, who was under the guardianship of Genji, and was not able to win the status of empress.
Japanese: しかし、源氏の後見を受けた秋好中宮には及ばず、中宮の座を得る事が出来なかった。
English: Before he knew that Tamakazura was his own daughter, he envied having such a daughter, and wondered if he too might have a daughter somewhere, so he had someone look for her.
Japanese: 玉鬘が自分の娘と知る前、その存在を羨み、自分にも何処かに娘がいないか、と見つけ出させた。
English: Although she resembles her father and looks charming and friendly, she is not educated enough due to her upbringing and is an extremely fast-speaker.
Japanese: 父似で、親しみやすく愛嬌のある顔立ちだが、育ち故に教養に欠け、非常な早口である。
English: Kokiden no nyogo (Lady Kokiden): Emperor Kiritsubo's wife and Emperor Suzaku's mother (later called Grand Empress Kokiden).
Japanese: 弘徽殿女御（こきでんのにょうご）:桐壺帝の妃、朱雀帝の母（のち弘徽殿の大后と称する）。
English: Because of this, Kokiden feels hatred for Kiritsubo, Genji, whom she left behind, and Empress Fujitsubo.
Japanese: そのことから、彼女とその忘れ形見である源氏、さらに藤壺中宮に敵愾心を抱く。
English: She had a strong influence on Hyobukyo no Miya, which became a factor in his becoming estranged from his daughter, and later, became the cause of his being opposed to Genji.
Japanese: 兵部卿宮に強い影響力を持っており、彼が娘と疎遠になり、ひいては源氏と対立する要因となった。
English: In Genji's youth, he appeared frequently as an attendant on Genji's evening strolls and accompanied him even when he withdrew to Suma.
Japanese: 源氏の青年期には夜歩きのお供として度々登場、須磨退去時にも帯同した。
English: He is one of the few characters whose real name is clear, in addition to MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo, who is mentioned later.
Japanese: なお、後述の源良清と並んで数多の登場人物の中で本名の判る数少ない人物の一人。
English: Lady Gosechi, To no Naishinosuke: Koremitsu's best and favorite daughter.
Japanese: 五節君（ごせちのきみ）・藤典侍（とうのないしのすけ）:惟光の秘蔵娘。
English: Jo no Kurodo: A person who lost his official rank in 'Suma' due to his being on good terms with Genji.
Japanese: 尉の蔵人（じょうのくろうど）:源氏の君と親しくしていた為、「須磨」の際に官位を失った人物。
English: Due to his eccentric nature he had not been promoted, however, as he was academically talented, Genji took him into his service.
Japanese: 変わり者のため、学才はあるが出世できなかった所を源氏に召抱えられた。
English: Empress Akikonomu (also addressed as the high priestess of Ise and Lady Plum Pavilion): Her father was the former Crown Prince and the younger brother of Emperor Kiritsubo.
Japanese: 秋好中宮（あきこのむちゅうぐう、斎宮の女御(さいぐうのにょうご)、梅壺女御(うめつぼのにょうご)とも）:父は桐壺帝の弟の前春宮。
English: Ignoring a false rumor that 'she had something abnormal in her body,' he proposed marriage to Tamakazura.
Japanese: 「身体に障りがある」との偽りの噂を気にすることなく玉鬘に結婚を申し込む。
English: He is a character of deeply sincere and straightforward honesty, but considered a person with defects as a noble of the Heian period, namely being unable to treat his several wives equally.
Japanese: 生真面目で一途な性格だが、複数の妻を平等に扱うことが出来ないなど、平安貴族としては欠点を多く持つ人物とされる。
English: She mistakenly believed that Yugiri seduced Ochiba, and died due to an illness she had long suffered from compounded by sheer anguish due to this misbelief, leaving behind a poem of resentment.
Japanese: 夕霧が落葉を弄んだと誤解、かねてからの病とその心痛から恨みの歌を遺して死亡。
English: Kaoru (also called Kaoru no Kimi): Officially he is the second son of Hikaru Genji, but in fact, he is the son of Kashiwagi and Onna San no Miya.
Japanese: 薫（かおる、薫君(かおるのきみ)とも）:表向きは光源氏の次男であるが、実は柏木と女三宮の男子。
English: She became the Eighth Prince's lover temporarily after the death of his wife, but was treated coldly because she became pregnant with Ukifune and left his side.
Japanese: 北の方の死後、一時八の宮の愛人となるが、浮舟を身ごもったことで疎んじられ側を離れた。
English: However, he usually assumed a cold attitude toward Ukifune because his wife always paid more attention to her.
Japanese: しかし、彼女が浮舟ばかりを可愛がるため浮舟には冷たい態度を取ることが多い。
English: After he learned that Ukifune was not the biological daughter of Hitachi no suke, he broke off his engagement with her and made another engagement with Hitachi no suke's biological daughter.
Japanese: 浮舟がその実の娘でないと知って婚約破棄、常陸介の実の娘と婚約し直した。
English: Koshi koden are historical documents with content that is significantly different from the kiki ("Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) and "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan)), which are considered as the major historical documents in the field of ancient Japanese history.
Japanese: 古史古伝（こしこでん）とは、日本の古代史で主要資料とされている「記紀（『古事記』と『日本書紀』）」とは著しく異なる内容歴史を伝える文献のこと。
English: It includes many documents that cannot be used as historical material because academic consideration as historical material is not possible because the manuscript is privately owned and not open to the public.
Japanese: 写本自体が私有され非公開である、などの理由で史料批判がなされる予定がなく、史料として使えないものも多い
English: Due to the above reasons, the possibility that they were handed down from ancient times is quite small and it has very low historical value in regard to the study of ancient history.
Japanese: 等々の理由で古代からの伝来である可能性は極めて低く、古代史研究における歴史学的な価値は非常に低いと考えられている。
English: However, there are many different types of koshi koden, and the degree to which the above points are true widely differs depending on the document.
Japanese: しかし、古史古伝は種類が多く、それらの諸点についての度合いは各書ごとに様々である。
English: Recently, studies on the ideology of those who prepared the manuscripts as as an expression of acceptance of the concept of a Japanese state/race in modern times.
Japanese: 現在では、近代における日本人の国家観・民族観への受容等のあらわれとして、写本作成を行う者の思想に対する研究が始まったところである。
English: Prior to World War II, they were called 'jindaishi (history of mythological age)' or 'taikoshi (history of ancient times)' and, after the war (until the 1970s) Kiyohiho AGO called them 'chokodai monjo (super-ancient documents).'
Japanese: 第2次世界大戦前には「神代史」「太古史」など言われ、戦後（1970年代頃まで）には吾郷清彦が「超古代文書」と呼んでいた。
English: At around the same time, Sugen TAKEDA (Yu TAKEUCHI) called them 'gisho (pseudo-document),' 'gishi (pseudo-history)' or 'giten (pseudo- book).'
Japanese: また同じ頃、武田崇元（武内裕）は「偽書」「偽史」「偽典」などといっていた。
English: However, 'gishi' gradually became the word to be used for such documents sinceit would be confusing to use 'gisho' and 'giten' because they had already been established as words to indicate other matters.
Japanese: 「偽書」「偽典」は用語として別に確立したものがあり紛らわしいので、やがて「偽史」という言い方に統一されていった。
English: The term 'koshi koden' was proposed by Kiyohiko AGO in his book "Kojiki izen no sho (documents before Kojiki)" (published by Tairiku Shobo, 1972) and, at this stage reference was made to 'koten sisho (four classics),' 'koden sansho (three legends)' and 'koshi sansho (three ancient historical documents).'
Japanese: 「古史古伝」という言い方は、吾郷清彦が著書『古事記以前の書』（大陸書房、1972年）で最初に提唱したもので、この段階では「古典四書」「古伝三書」「古史三書」とされていた。
English: In his book "Nihon Chokodaihishi Siryo (Reference on Super-Ancient History of Japan)" (published in 1976 by Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha Co., Ltd.), it was expanded to 'koten sisho (four classics),' 'koden shisho (four legends),' 'koshi shisho (four ancient historical documents)' and 'iroku sisho (four miscellaneous records).'
Japanese: 著書『日本超古代秘史資料』（新人物往来社、1976年）では、「古典四書」「古伝四書」「古史四書」「異録四書」に発展した。
English: Initially, Kiyohiko AGO preferred the expression 'chokodai monjo' but did not use 'koshi koden.'
Japanese: 初期の頃の吾郷清彦は「超古代文書」という言い方を好み、「古史古伝」とは言わなかった。
English: He only used 'kosho shisho' or 'koshi shisho' as terms for classificationﾙ
Japanese: あくまで分類上の用語として「古伝四書」とか「古史四書」といっていたにすぎない。