nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There are many practiced for the purpose of other than the original financing, such as 'Drinking Mujin' to hold a drinking party every month and Mujin aimed at holding a regular amity trip.
Japanese: 毎月飲み会を主催する「飲み無尽」や定期的な親睦旅行を目的とした無尽など、本来の金融以外の目的で行われているものも多い。
English: In Japan, it is a private financing method operating from ancient times up to the present even amongst social minority classes who could not get financing from financial institutions.
Japanese: 日本においては、金融機関から融資を受けられなかった社会的マイノリティー層においても、古くから現在に至るまで運用されている民間金融手法である。
English: Some advocates point out that financing in developing countries called 'Microcredit' is also based on a community, though the origin is different.
Japanese: 発祥は異なるが、「マイクロクレジット」と呼ばれる開発途上国の個人に対する融資も、同様に共同体を基盤にしている点を指摘する論者も居る。
English: In South Korea, there is Kei among associates which is equivalent to Tanomoshi-ko in Japan to use when depositing money because Koreans do not trust banks very much, and many people use Kei even now.
Japanese: 大韓民国においては、韓国人は銀行をさほど信用していないところがあるため、金銭を預ける際に利用するものとして、日本の頼母子講に相当する仲間内での契（ケイ）が存在しており、今なお利用する者は少なくない。
English: Kamigata is a name used in the Edo period referring to Kinai including Osaka and Kyoto.
Japanese: 上方（かみがた・かみかた）は、江戸時代に、大坂や京都を初めとする畿内を呼んだ名称である。
English: The city where the emperor lived was called 'kami' and the Edo government defined Kinai, west of the Mikawa Province (the Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, Kawachi and Izumi Provinces) and Sanshu (the Omi, Tanba and Harima Provinces) as 'Kamigatasuji.'
Japanese: 天皇の住む都を「上」とする事から用いられ、特に江戸幕府は三河国以西の畿内（大和国・山城国・摂津国・河内国・和泉国）三州（近江国・丹波国・播磨国）を、「上方筋」と定義した。
English: Edo was the political center while Kamigata was the ancient cultural center or culturally developed area.
Japanese: 政治的な中心である江戸に対し、古くからの文化的な中心地・先進地域を指す語として用いられた。
English: The culture in the area called Kamigata was called Kamigata culture such as Kamigata dancing, Kamigata rakugo, Kamigata Ukiyo-e, Kamigata language.
Japanese: また、上方と呼ばれる地域における文化は上方文化とも呼ばれ、代表的なものに上方舞、上方落語、上方浮世絵、上方歌、上方言葉がある。
English: Since the middle of the Tokugawa period, refined and advanced Kamigata culture spread gradually east and culture specific to Edo flowered in the Kasei era
Japanese: 徳川時代中期以降になると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が下り、化政期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
English: The Kyoto stock exchange was abolished on March 1st, 2001.
Japanese: 京都証券取引所（きょうとしょうけんとりひきじょ）は、2001年3月1日に廃止された証券取引所である。
English: Only three companies were listed solely on the Kyoto stock exchange: Goo chemical, Kyoto hotel, and Mitani Shindo.
Japanese: 京都証券取引所への単独上場企業は、互応化学工業と京都ホテルと三谷伸銅3社だけだった。
English: Tensho Ken-o Shonen Shisetsu was a mission of four boys and others dispatched to Rome in 1582, acting for Yoshishige OTOMO, Sumitada OMURA, and Harunobu ARIMA, who were the Christian feudal lords in Kyushu.
Japanese: 天正遣欧少年使節（てんしょうけんおうしょうねんしせつ）は1582年（天正10年）に九州のキリシタン大名、大友義鎮・大村純忠・有馬晴信の名代としてローマへ派遣された4名の少年を中心とした使節団。
English: The mission made the existence of Japan known among the European people and Japanese documents were printed for the first time with a printing press that Johannes Gutenberg brought back (this is called Jesuit printing).
Japanese: 使節団によってヨーロッパの人々に日本の存在が知られる様になり、彼らの持ち帰ったヨハネス・グーテンベルク印刷機によって日本語書物の活版印刷が初めて行われた（これをキリシタン版という）。
English: First, to ask the Pope and both kings in Spain and Portugal for financial and spiritual support for missionaries to Japan.
Japanese: 第一はローマ教皇とスペイン・ポルトガル両王に日本宣教の経済的・精神的援助を依頼すること。
English: Second, have the Japanese see, hear, and experience the Christian world in Europe so that the boys could tell of its glory and greatness after returning to Japan, which would be useful for propagation.
Japanese: 第二は日本人にヨーロッパのキリスト教世界を見聞・体験させ、帰国後にその栄光、偉大さを少年達自ら語らせることにより、布教に役立てたいということであった。
English: Father Alessandro Valignano, intended to follow to Rome, but remained in the State of Goa due to his duties.
Japanese: アレッサンドロ・ヴァリニャーノ神父ローマへ随行するつもりだったが、職務によってゴア州にとどまる。
English: December 20, 1583 - Reached the State of Goa via Malacca and Cochin.
Japanese: 1583年12月20日（天正11年旧暦11月7日）マラッカ・コチンをへてゴア州着。
English: August 10, 1584 - Reached Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.
Japanese: 1584年8月10日（天正12年旧暦7月5日）ポルトガルの首都リスボンに到着。
English: Invited to the palace of Cardinal Albert of Austria (the son of Maria de Habsburgo, a younger sister of Felipe the second [King of Spain] and Maximilian II [Holy Roman Emperor]) in Sintra in the suburbs of Lisbon.
Japanese: リスボン近郊シントラのアルベルト・アウストリア枢機卿（フェリペ2世(スペイン王)の妹マリア・デ・アブスブルゴとマクシミリアン2世(神聖ローマ皇帝)の男子）の王宮に招かれる。
English: November 25, 1584 - Entertained by Felipe the second, King of Spain, in Madrid, the capital of Spain.
Japanese: 1584年11月25日（天正12年旧暦10月23日）スペインの首都マドリードでスペイン国王フェリペ2世の歓待を受ける。
English: March 1, 1585 - Had an audience with Gregorio XIII (Pope) in Rome.
Japanese: 1585年3月1日（天正13年旧暦1月30日）ローマでローマ教皇グレゴリウス13世(ローマ教皇)に謁見。
English: May 1, 1585 - Attended the coronation of Sixtus V (Pope) who had taken over from Gregorio XIII.
Japanese: 1585年5月1日（天正13年旧暦4月2日）グレゴリオ13世の後を継いだシクストゥス5世(ローマ教皇)の戴冠式に出席。
English: May 30, 1587 - Reached Goa, India.
Japanese: 1587年5月29日（天正15年旧暦4月23日）インドのゴアに到着。
English: February 1, 1591 - Played Western music (pieces of Josquin des Pres) in the presence of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI at Jurakudai residence.
Japanese: 1591年3月3日（天正19年旧暦1月8日）聚楽第において豊臣秀吉を前に、西洋音楽（ジョスカン・デ・プレの曲）を演奏する。
English: Omura City, Nagasaki Prefecture: 'Statue of Tensho Ken-o Shonen Shisetsu' (built in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the mission's departure in 1982)
Japanese: 長崎県大村市：「天正遣欧少年使節顕彰之像」（1982年、使節の出発400年を記念して建立）。
English: Yuho-koen Park, Oita City, Oita Prefecture: 'Statue of Ito Mancio' (the work by Sculptor Seibo KITAMURA)
Japanese: 大分県大分市遊歩公園：「伊東ドン・マンショ像」（彫刻家北村西望による作品）
English: The Ashina clan was descended from the Taira clan through the Miura clan with the name Ashina (蘆名) derived from the name of the area known as Ashina (present Ashina (芦名) in Yokosuka City).
Japanese: 蘆名（あしな）氏は、平氏系統の三浦氏から興った氏族で、蘆名（現在横須賀市芦名）の地名に由来する。
English: Tamehisa ISHIDA, a grandson of Yoshitsugu MIURA, was granted Ishida-mura village in Omi Province in reward for having slain MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and moved to the village with his clan.
Japanese: 孫の石田為久は源義仲を討ち取り、褒章として近江国石田村を与えられ、一族は同地に移住した。
English: Thereafter, his family members entered into matrimony with the members of the Ishida family to be hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of the Kyogoku clan, from which Mitsunari ISHIDA was descended in the Warring States period (Japan) (Mitsunari ISHIDA may have announced himself a descendant of the distinguished Ashina clan).
Japanese: その後、石田氏と婚姻を重ねて京極氏の被官となり、戦国時代(日本)には石田三成を輩出（石田三成が、名門蘆名氏の流れを自称した可能性もある）した。
English: While Yoshitsuna SAHARA, the seventh son of Yoshiaki MIURA, was the founder, the family only began to bear the name Ashina starting from the Yoshiaki's grandson Mitsumori's (there are different opinions.) generation.
Japanese: 三浦義明の七男・佐原義連を初代とするが、蘆名姓を名乗るのは、義連の孫に当たる光盛の代になってからである（異説あり）。
English: Then, the family rose to a status rivaling that of an influential feudal lord representing Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) who was almost as powerful as the Date clan.
Japanese: これにより、奥州で伊達氏と並び称される奥州を代表する有力大名にまでのし上がったのである。
English: After the death of Moriuji, the son of Moriyoshi NIKAIDO, a hostage from the NIKAIDO clan, succeeded Moriuji as Moriuji's adopted son-in-law.
Japanese: 盛氏の死後、二階堂氏からの人質の二階堂盛義の子が婿養子として後を継いだ。
English: Moritaka hammered out positive policies including trying to cope with the Date clan by maintaining friendly relations with adjacent clans and sending an envoy to Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 周辺諸氏と友好を保ち伊達氏に対抗したり、織田信長に使者を送るなど積極的な政策を打ち出す。
English: In 1584, Moritaka was assassinated by his attendant Sanzaemon OBA, and in 1586, Kamewakamaru (Kameomaru ASHINA), Moritaka's orphaned son who succeeded Moritaka, died at the young age of three.
Japanese: 1584年に近従の大庭三左衛門に暗殺され、その後を継いだ盛隆の遺児亀若丸（蘆名亀王丸）も1586年に3歳で夭逝。
English: After these problems, the vassals received Yoshihiro ASHINA, a son of Yoshishige SATAKE (the eighteenth head of the clan) as the head of the Ashina clan.
Japanese: そして家臣団が揉めに揉めた末、佐竹義重(十八代当主)の子・蘆名義広を蘆名家当主に迎えた。
English: The decline of the Ashina clan was symbolized by a change in the leadership of the clan which occurred three times in less than ten years from the death of Moriuji.
Japanese: 盛氏の死から10年を経ずして3人もの当主が入れ替わったことは、蘆名氏の衰微を象徴するものであった。
English: In 1589, Yoshihiro ASHINA was soundly defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara by Masamune DATA, who strived to unify the Oshu region, and fled to Hitachi Province, bringing an end to the Ashina clan.
Japanese: 1589年、奥州統一を目指す伊達政宗に摺上原の戦いで大敗した蘆名義広は常陸国に逃走し、ここに蘆名氏は没落する。
English: Yoshihiro returned to his parents' family, renamed himself Morishige ASHINA and became the lord of Edosaki-jo Castle (in the Edosaki Domain), but he was deprived of his territory because he acted in concert with his elder brother, Yoshinobu SATAKE (also known as Ukyo Daibu), without taking a clear stand during the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 実家の佐竹氏に戻った義広は名を「蘆名盛重」と改めて、常陸江戸崎城主となる（江戸崎藩）が、関ヶ原の戦いの際には、旗幟を鮮明にしなかった実兄・佐竹義宣(右京大夫)と行動を共にしたために改易した。
English: Morishige was granted Kakunodate Castle in Dewa and 16 thousand koku as a retainer of the Satake clan; though, after his death, his sons died one after another and the last head of the clan Sentsurumaru ASHINA died in an accident at the age of three, who was the last of the line, leaving the Ashina clan in ruin.
Japanese: 次いで佐竹家臣として出羽角館城に1万6000石を与えられたものの、盛重の死後、息子が相次いで病死、最後の当主蘆名千鶴丸も3歳で事故死したために家系は断絶して蘆名氏は名実ともに滅亡した。
English: Incidentally, after the extinction of the Ashina clan, the Hariu family which was a branch of the Ashina family served the Date clan, and in 1676, had their family name changed to Ashina under orders of Tsunamura DATE, the lord of Sendai Domain.
Japanese: なお、蘆名家の一門であった針生氏は蘆名家滅亡後に伊達氏に仕え、この系統は延宝4年（1676年）に仙台藩主・伊達綱村の命により蘆名に改姓した。
English: It is believed that the ancestors of the Aso clan served as priests that worshipped the God of Mt. Aso and later became gozoku, or a local ruling family.
Japanese: 阿蘇氏の祖は、阿蘇山の神への司祭的立場にあったものが豪族化したものと考えられている。
English: This priest-gozoku clan then seemed to have served the Yamato dynasty, offered its territories, and became agatanushi, or a territorial ruler.
Japanese: この司祭的豪族は、後にヤマト王権（朝廷）に従属し、領地を献上して県主となったと思われる。
English: Then, the clan gained power as Asonokuni no miyatsuko (head of the Aso government) when there was an administrative transition from the prefecture system to the Kuninomiyatsuko (local government) system.
Japanese: さらに県制から国造制への転換の中で、阿蘇国造として権力を持ったとされる。
English: According to "Kujihoongi" (Ancient Japanese History), Hayamikatama no mikoto, who was Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto's child, was the first Asonokuni no miyatsuko.
Japanese: 旧事本紀には、健磐龍命の子とされる速瓶玉命が初代阿蘇国造であったと記録されている。
English: However, it was often the case that a local gozoku that submitted itself to the Imperial Court was considered as a descendent of Kamuyaimimi no mikoto, and the case of Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto is probably one such example.
Japanese: 朝廷に帰順した地方豪族は、神八井耳命の子孫とされる事がままあり、その一例であろう。
English: Takeiwa means a huge rock (there is a record that it fell into a crater lake).
Japanese: 健磐とは、つまり巨岩の事である（崩落し火口湖へ落ちたとの記録がある）。
English: The name Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto was the combination of two beliefs, one is for the huge rock, and the other is for a dragon (the ruler of the crater lake and also the God of water and rain).
Japanese: それと、龍（＝火口湖の主・水神）への、二つの信仰を統合したものが、神名である。
English: Each time a natural phenomenon such as eruption, light emission, or changes in the crater lake occurred, it was reported to the central government as a phenomenon caused by a Shinto god, resulting in a raise of shinkai (a rank granted to Shinto gods) and granting of fuko (residential units (ko) assigned as prebends (fu) to support top-ranking officials, temples, shrines, and royal households such as those of the queen-consort and crown prince).
Japanese: その噴火・発光、湯だまりの変異等の自然現象が起きる度に、神霊現象として中央へ報告され、神階が上昇し、封戸が与えられるなどしていた。
English: From the generation of ASO no Tomonari (UJI no Tomonari) who lived in the Engi era, the Aso clan inherited the position of daiguji (high priest of a great shrine) of Aso-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 延喜年間の阿蘇友成（宇治友成）以降は阿蘇神社の大宮司を世襲するようになったという。
English: Then, the clan gained power not only in rites and festivals but also in politics, and became a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) clan.
Japanese: やがて祭事のみならず統治においても力を持つようになり、大名として発展した。
English: The origin of the Aso clan, the daiguji of Aso-jinja Shrine having political ruling power, could date back to Korenobu ASO (Korenobu UJI) who lived in the early twelfth century according to records.
Japanese: 統治能力を持ちあわせた阿蘇神社大宮司としての阿蘇氏は、記録上12世紀前半の阿蘇惟宣（宇治惟宣）にまで遡ることができる。
English: When the anti-shogunate movement by the Emperor Godaigo developed into the Genko War in 1333, which was in the late Kamakura period, Koretoki ASO received ryoji (an order) from the Imperial Prince Morinaga and cooperated with Takauji ASHIKAGA to attack Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
Japanese: 鎌倉時代後期の1333年（元弘3）に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こると、阿蘇惟時は護良親王の令旨を受け、足利尊氏らと京都の六波羅探題攻めに参加する。
English: Koretoki ASO fought the Battle of Hakone and Takenoshita as busho (Japanese military commander) of the Emperor Godaigo's force, but was defeated.
Japanese: 阿蘇惟時は後醍醐天皇側の武将として箱根・竹ノ下の戦いに参戦したが敗れた。
English: Then, Takauji was driven out from Kyoto to Kyushu as a result of the counter offensive by the Emperor Godaigo's forces, and in Kyushu, he was taken in by the Shoni clan.
Japanese: その後、後醍醐天皇の反撃によって京都を追われた尊氏らは九州に落ち、少弐氏に迎えられる。
English: Korenao ASO, who was Koretoki's child, and the Kikuchi clan together fought against the troops formed by the Ashikaga and Shoni clans in the Battle of Tatarahama but they were defeated and killed themselves.
Japanese: 惟時の子・阿蘇惟直は菊池氏とともに足利・少弐氏の軍と多々良浜の戦いにおいて戦うが敗れ、自刃した。
English: Takauji again took over Kyoto causing the Emperor Godaigo to flee to Yoshino, and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts started.
Japanese: 尊氏は再び京都を占領し、後醍醐天皇は吉野に逃れ南北朝時代に突入した。
English: Koretoki ASO reassumed the role of head of the clan after Korenao died, but in the Northern Court, Magokumamaru SAKANASHI, an illegitimate child of Koretoki, was appointed to the head of the clan, causing the Aso clan to split.
Japanese: 惟直の死を受けて阿蘇惟時が当主に復帰するが、北朝(日本)方は惟時の庶子・坂梨孫熊丸を当主に擁立し、阿蘇氏は分裂した。
English: However, the clan remained split because the family line including Koretoki, Korezumi, and Koremura ASO allied with the Northern Court, and the family line including Koretake ASO (younger brother of Koremura) allied with the Southern Court and fought against each other.
Japanese: だが、その後も惟時-惟澄-阿蘇惟村のラインが北朝方、阿蘇惟武（惟村の弟）のラインが南朝(日本)方について争うなど分裂は続いた。
English: The conflict was resolved when a great-grandson of Koretake, Koretoshi ASO, became an adopted son of a Koretada ASO, a grandson of Koremura.
Japanese: 後に惟武の曾孫・阿蘇惟歳が惟村の孫・阿蘇惟忠の養子となることでひとまず和解する。
English: Later on, however, a fight over the position of the head of the clan started with Koretoshi ASO and his son Koreie opposing Koretada ASO and his son Korenori.
Japanese: しかし、やがて阿蘇氏は惟歳・阿蘇惟家父子と惟忠・阿蘇惟憲父子の間で当主の座を巡る争いが起こる。
English: After the Period of Warring States started, Korenori ASO won the Battle of Makunohira in 1484 and finally reunited the clan.
Japanese: 戦国時代に入った1484年、幕の平合戦で阿蘇惟憲が勝利を収め、ようやく一族を統一した。
English: In 1507, Korenori's child, Korenaga ASO, took over the Kikuchi clan, which was shugo (military governor) of Higo Province (and called himself Taketsune KIKUCHI), and granted the position of daiguji to his younger brother, Koretoyo ASO.
Japanese: 1507年、惟憲の子・阿蘇惟長は肥後守護であった菊池氏を乗っ取り（菊池武経と名乗る）、弟の阿蘇惟豊に大宮司職の座を譲る。
English: In 1517, with the help of Chikanobu KAI who was the Hyuga local lord, Koretoyo counterattacked Korenaga and his son and regained the clan's home ground called Yabe Town.
Japanese: 1517年、惟豊は日向の国人甲斐親宣らの助力を得て惟長父子に反撃し、本拠地矢部町を奪還する。
English: With the support of Chikanobu KAI and his son Chikanao KAI (Soun), Koretoyo made the Aso clan prosper.
Japanese: 惟豊は甲斐親宣・甲斐親直（宗運）父子の補佐を得て阿蘇氏を繁栄させた。
English: In 1523, Koretoyo lost control of Katashida-jo Castle to Korenaga and his son, and they even took over control of Kosa Town, Tomochi Town, and Nakayama; however, Koretoyo regained control over the castle in 1543, finally ending the internal conflicts that had continued for 30 years.
Japanese: 1523年には惟長父子に堅志田城を奪われ甲佐町・砥用町・中山も支配下におかれるが1543年に堅志田城を奪還し、30年に及ぶ内部分裂に事実上終止符を打つ。
English: (Koresaki and his son Korekata ASO fled by themselves, turning to the Sagara clan, and the conflict officially ended in 1590 when Korekata swore loyalty to Koremitsu ASO.)
Japanese: （惟前・阿蘇惟賢父子は相良氏を頼って逃走、1590年に惟賢が阿蘇惟光への忠誠を誓ったことで抗争は正式に終結。）
English: In 1549, Koretoyo offered 10,000 hiki (110,000,000 yen) as charges for repairing the Imperial Palace and was appointed to the Junior Second Rank by the Emperor Gonara.
Japanese: 1549年、惟豊は御所修理料一万疋を献納し、後奈良天皇から従二位に叙せられた。
English: In 1578, during the generation of Koremasa ASO, however, when the Otomo clan was badly defeated by the Shimazu clan in the Battle of Mimi-kawa, local samurai lords in Higo allied with the Shimazu clan or Ryuzoji clan, which was an emerging clan at that time, to invade the territories of the Aso clan.
Japanese: しかし阿蘇惟将の代となった1578年、大友氏が耳川の戦いで島津氏に大敗を喫すると肥後の国人衆は島津氏や新興勢力の龍造寺氏と誼を通じ、阿蘇氏の領域を脅かすようになる。
English: Although Koremasa ASO barely retained the territories owing to excellent military strategies by the chief vassal, Soun KAI, the Sagara clan surrendered to the Shimazu clan in 1581, causing the Aso clan to be directly pressured by the Shimazu clan from the south.
Japanese: 阿蘇惟将は宿老・甲斐宗運の卓抜した軍略によってどうにか領国を維持するが、1581年にはついに相良氏が島津氏に降伏し、南から島津氏の圧力を直接受けることになってしまう。
English: In 1585 (or 1583), Soun KAI and his subordinate Soden TASHIRO died.
Japanese: 1585年（1583年ともいわれる）には甲斐宗運やその配下の田代宗傳が死去。
English: Then, Koremasa ASO died in 1583, and Koretane ASO, who took over Koremasa's position, died in 1584.
Japanese: さらに阿蘇惟将、その跡を継いだ阿蘇惟種が1583、1584年に立て続けに死去。
English: The head of the family, Koremitsu ASO (Koretane's child), who was only two years old at that time, surrendered and ran away with his mother.
Japanese: わずか2歳の当主・阿蘇惟光（惟種の子）は降伏したのち母親に連れられて逃走。
English: Koremitsu ASO later requested Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who gained control over Kyushu to provide protection, was provided with a small territory, and was appointed to gunji of Aso-jinja Shrine, but he was deprived of all his daimyo privileges.
Japanese: のちに阿蘇惟光は、九州を制圧した豊臣秀吉に保護を求めてわずかながらの領地を与えられ、阿蘇神社宮司としての地位も認められたが、大名としての特権は全て剥奪された。
English: In 1593, Hideyoshi made Koremitsu kill himself on suspicion of allowing his vassals to involve themselves in Umekita ikki (uprising).
Japanese: 1593年、惟光は梅北一揆に家臣が加担したとして秀吉に自害させられた。
English: However, after the Battle of Sekigahara, Kiyomasa KATO arranged provision of a territory to Koreyoshi ASO who was Koremitsu's younger brother and was appointed to daiguji of Aso-jinja Shrine that was revived by Kiyomasa.
Japanese: しかしながら、関ヶ原の戦い後に加藤清正の計らいで惟光の弟の阿蘇惟善に所領が与えられ、清正の手で復興された阿蘇神社の大宮司となった。
English: The Aso clan then continued throughout the Edo and Meiji periods, and in 1884, Koreatsu ASO, the head of the family at that time was baronized and the clan was raised to the peerage.
Japanese: その後、阿蘇氏は江戸時代を存続して明治時代に至り、1884年、当主の阿蘇惟敦が男爵を授けられて華族に列した。
English: The Battle of Tensho (Tensho no Jin) was one in which the army led by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA, of the Mori clan in the Chugoku region, landed at Nii County, Iyo Province (the present-day Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture) in Shikoku in 1585, doing so at the orders of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), who was attempting to integrate the entire nation, and defeated the local troops led by the lord of Kaneko-jo Castle, Motoie KANEKO, of the Kaneko clan, with overwhelming force.
Japanese: 天正の陣（てんしょうのじん）は、1585年（天正13年）に全国統一を目指す羽柴秀吉（豊臣秀吉）の命を受けた中国・毛利氏の小早川隆景率いる軍勢が四国は伊予国新居郡（現在の愛媛県新居浜市）に上陸し、金子城城主金子氏金子元宅率いる地元勢力を圧倒的な戦力で制圧した戦である。
English: In July 1585, Terumoto MORI sent Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and others of his family to participate in the conquest.
Japanese: 1585年7月、毛利輝元は一族の小早川隆景らを四国討伐に向かわせる。
English: Huge numbers of troops totaling more than 30,000, crossed the Seto Inland Sea and landed from two directions, at Miyoshima and Sawatsu in Nii County (both of them are situated in what is now Niihama City), and, after destroying the castles there, the troops proceeded to Kaneko-jo Castle, which was dominated by Motoie KANEKO, the commander general in Nii County.
Japanese: 総勢3万余の大軍が瀬戸内海を渡り新居郡内の御代島・沢津（共に現新居浜市）の二手に分かれて上陸し現地の城を破り進軍、新居の総大将金子元宅率いる金子城を目指す。
English: At Kaneko-jo Castle, the busho (Japanese military commanders) were gathered from their castles along with their retainers; however, the total number of soldiers was only 2,000, and the difficult war situation of the Kaneko side was visible to all.
Japanese: 金子城には周辺の城から武将が兵を率いて集結していたがその数わずか2千、戦況不利は誰の目にも明らかである。
English: The Kaneko clan seems to have been working to develop friendly ties with the Mori clan through the intermediary of the Kono clan, whose members held the position of the provincial constable of Iyo Province.
Japanese: (金子氏は、）かねてより伊予守護の河野氏を通じて毛利氏と友好関係を築こうと働いていたと思われる。
English: Moreover, the Kaneko clan could have chosen to surrender to Motoie's army and eventually to the Mori clan, but instead the decision was made to mount a do-or-die resistance out of a sense of obligation to the clan's feudal lord, Motochika CHOSOKABE, in Tosa Province.
Japanese: 金子氏には、この軍に降伏し毛利の軍門に降る選択肢もあったであろうが、主である土佐国の長宗我部元親に義理立てし徹底抗戦を決意。
English: Motoie, having left the castle to the care of his brother, Motoharu KANEKO, entered Takatoki-jo Castle of Shugodai (the acting military governor) of the Ishikawa clan to command all the troops, and thus concentrated the soldiers at Takao-jo Castle in Himi (the present-day Saijo City) in order to consolidate the forces.
Japanese: 元宅は城を弟の金子元春に託して全軍指揮のために守護代石川氏の高峠城に入り、兵を氷見（現西条市）の高尾城に集めて軍勢を整えた。
English: The principal shrines and temples were burned down, and the area was transformed into a horrific battlefield.
Japanese: 主だった神社仏閣も焼き討ちに遭うなどして一帯は壮絶な修羅場と化した。
English: On July 12, the troops of the Mori clan, which had taken their stand at a strategically critical point, started the attack, and the soldiers in the castle resisted with great bravery.
Japanese: 7月12日、要所に陣取った毛利軍は攻撃を開始し城内の兵も果敢に立ち向かった。
English: On July 17, Motoie KANEKO, who was prepared for his death, set fire to his castle and set out toward Nonoichihara for his counter-attack.
Japanese: 7月17日、もはやこれまでと金子元宅は自ら城に火を放ち、野々市原に討って出た。
English: Both sides fought the final battle in disarray, in which Motoie KANEKO and all military commanders (busho) of the Kaneko side, who had struggled in vain, were killed, and the Mori side emerged victorious.
Japanese: ここに両軍入り乱れた最終決戦が行われ、奮闘虚しく金子元宅はじめ金子軍の武将はことごとく討ち果て毛利軍の勝利と終わった。
English: Takakage KOBAYAKAWA honored the military commanders (busho), who had fought so bravely and died on the battlefield, showing the spirit of samurai, and gave them a cordial burial by constructing a memorial mound for 1,000 commanders (senninzuka) at Nonoichihara.
Japanese: 小早川隆景は、勇猛果敢に戦い武士の意気を示し討ち死にした武将達を称えて野々市原に千人塚を建て弔った。
English: The Chosokabe clan, which lost its most important base in Iyo Province as a result of the battle, continued to suffer defeats in various places, and finally surrendered to the Mori army.
Japanese: この戦で伊予における最大拠点を失った長宗我部氏はその後各地で敗戦し毛利軍に屈した。
English: The Kiyosu conference was held on the 27th of June (according to the old calendar) during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 清洲会議（きよすかいぎ）は安土桃山時代の1582年（天正10年）6月27日(旧暦)に開かれた。
English: In the Honnoji Incident of 1582, the head of the Oda family, Nobunaga ODA was killed by his samurai general Mitsuhide AKECHI in Kyoto.
Japanese: 天正10年の本能寺の変において、織田家当主織田信長は京都で家臣の明智光秀によって討たれた。
English: As Mitsuhide was killed during the Battle of Yamasaki, the conference was held at Kiyosu-jo Castle in Owari Province (Kiyosu City, Aichi Prefecture) for the purpose of deciding who should succeed the Oda family and how to distribute properties inherited from Nobunaga.
Japanese: 光秀は山崎の戦いで討たれ、織田家後継者及び遺領の配分を決定することを目的に、尾張国清洲城（愛知県清須市）で開催された。
English: The four vassals of the Oda family, Katsuie SHIBATA, Nagahide NIWA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and Tsuneoki IKEDA gathered to participate in the conference.
Japanese: 集まった織田家家臣は柴田勝家、丹羽長秀、豊臣秀吉、池田恒興の4人だった。
English: There was a conflict between Katsuie, who backed up the third son of Nobunaga, Nobutaka ODA (who was absent from the conference), and Hideyoshi, who backed up Sanboshi (Hidenobu ODA), the legitimate son of Nobutada, who was the legitimate grandchild of Nobunaga.
Japanese: 信長の3男・織田信孝（欠席）を擁立する勝家と、信長の嫡孫にあたる信忠の嫡男・三法師（織田秀信）を擁立する秀吉との対立がおこった。