nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Iwao YOSHII regards this tale as a story added to the Yamato Takeru legend in order to explain the reason why the Kusanagi sword, originally one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial House and a symbol of the Imperial Throne, has been placed in the Atsuta-jingu Shrine in Owari.
Japanese: 吉井巌は、本来皇位の象徴である三種の神器の草薙剣が、尾張の熱田神宮に置かれている理由を説明するために、ヤマトタケルに仮託された物語と考えられるとする。
English: However, Kenichi YOKOTA has pointed out that the "Kotai jingu gishikicho" and the "Yamato Hime no Mikoto seiki" do not have stories about Yamato Takeru.
Japanese: が、横田健一は『皇太神宮儀式帳』や『倭姫命世記』にヤマトタケルの物語が見えないことを指摘している。
English: Possibly it is due to the issue of the Kusanagi sword that Yamato Hime, a character appearing in the anecdote about Yamato Oguna, was linked to the high priestess Yamato Hime no Mikoto.
Japanese: おそらく、草薙剣の問題でヤマトヲグナ説話の登場人物のヤマトヒメと斎王倭姫命を結びつけたのであろう。
English: Iwao YOSHII thinks that the story of Prince Kume, who was the younger brother of Prince Shotoku and the first real Imperial general who died of illness in Kyushu where he had been at the front, is the model for this tale.
Japanese: 吉井巌は、聖徳太子の弟で、実在する初の皇族将軍である来目皇子が出征先の九州で病死したことがモデルとなっているとする。
English: He believes that the funeral protocol of the Haji clan, who took the initiative in this funeral, was borrowed for the story.
Japanese: この葬儀を主導した土師氏の葬送儀礼が物語に取り入れられたのであろうとする。
English: There were several burial mounds which were believed to be the tomb of Yamato Takeru (the Hakuchoryo burial mounds) in the north of Mie Prefecture, which is where Nobono is thought to have been, where Yamato Takeru died.
Japanese: ヤマトタケルが歿した能褒野の地とされる三重県北部には、ヤマトタケルの墓とされる古墳（白鳥陵）がいくつかあった。
English: Among them, a round burial mound called the 'Shiratorizuka burial mound' in Kasado in Suzuka City had been regarded as the most likely one.
Japanese: その中でも鈴鹿市加佐登の「白鳥塚古墳(鈴鹿市)」と呼ばれる円墳が最有力とされていた。
English: However, in 1879, the Ministry of Home Affairs specified a keyhole-shaped mound in Tamura-cho, Kameyama City (the Nobono Otsuka burial mound), which had been called the 'Cho-ji zuka,' as the tomb of Yamato Takeru, and named it the 'Nobono burial mound.'
Japanese: が、明治12年、内務省は亀山市田村町の「丁字塚」と呼ばれる前方後円墳（能褒野王塚古墳）がヤマトタケルの墓であると治定し、「能褒野陵」と命名した。
English: The Nobono burial mound, approximately 90 meters in full length and approximately nine meters in height, is the largest keyhole-shaped mound in the northern part of Mie Prefecture.
Japanese: 能褒野陵は全長約90メートル、高さ約9メートルで、三重県北部最大の前方後円墳である。
English: In 1895, the Nobono-jinja Shrine, which was consecrated to Yamato Takeru, was built next to the Nobono burial mound.
Japanese: 明治28年（1895年）、能褒野墓に隣接してヤマトタケルを祀る能褒野神社が創建された。
English: Moreover, following the "Nihonshoki," the burial mounds in Habikino City in Osaka Prefecture (the Karusato Otsuka mound) and the one in Gose City in Nara Prefecture have been identified as the Hakuchoryo burial mounds.
Japanese: その他、白鳥陵が、『日本書紀』に即して大阪府羽曳野市（軽里大塚古墳）と奈良県御所市に比定されている。
English: Yamato Takeru is also worshiped as the main deity of the Takebe-taisha Shrine (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) which is said to have been built by his son, and the Otori-taisha Shrine (Nishi Ward, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture), which is said to have been built at the place where Yamato Takeru landed in the end after turning into a white bird.
Japanese: また、ヤマトタケルの息子が創始したといわれる建部大社（滋賀県大津市）や、白鳥と化したヤマトタケルが最後に降り立ったところに建てられたとされる大鳥大社（大阪府堺市西区(堺市)）の主祭神として祀られている。
English: There are many Otori-jinja Shrines (大鳥神社, also written as 鷲神社) scattered over various regions, and the Otori-taisha Shrine is considered to be the chief among them.
Japanese: 大鳥神社（鷲神社）は各地に分布しており、大鳥大社はその本社とされる。
English: Hajin HAYANO (1676 - July 7, 1742) was a poet of haiku (a Japanese poem in 17 syllables having a 5-7-5 syllabic form and traditionally containing a reference to the seasons) who lived during the Edo period.
Japanese: 早野巴人（はやのはじん、延宝4年（1676年）-寛保2年6月6日(旧暦)（1742年7月7日））江戸時代の俳人。
English: In 1689, he traveled along Basho MATSUO's 'Narrow Road to the Deep North.'
Japanese: 元禄2年（1689年）松尾芭蕉の「奥の細道」の足跡を辿って旅をする。
English: Encouraged by Ganto ISAOKA, he returned to Edo in 1737, and set up Yahantei at Hongoku-cho, Nihonbashi.
Japanese: 元文2年（1737年）砂岡雁宕の誘いにより江戸へ戻り、夜半亭を日本橋本石町に構える。
English: Shomon Jittetsu refers to the 10 particularly excellent pupils among the ones under Basho MATSUO.
Japanese: 蕉門十哲（しょうもんじってつ）とは、松尾芭蕉の弟子の中で、特に優れた高弟10人を指していう。
English: 1654 - 1707: With Kikaku, he was one of the two greatest pupils.
Japanese: 承応3年（1654年）-宝永4年（1707年）　其角とならんで蕉門の双璧をなす。
English: 1656 - 1715: Became a pupil of Basho in his later years.
Japanese: 明暦2年（1656年）-正徳(日本)5年（1715年）　晩年になって入門。
English: 1651 - 1704: Owned a second-house called 'Rakushisha' in Sagano, Kyoto.
Japanese: 慶安4年（1651年）-宝永元年（1704年）　京都嵯峨野に別荘「落柿舎」を所有。
English: 1647 - 1732: The representative pupil in Shomon, and supported Basho economically.
Japanese: 正保4年（1647年）-享保17年（1732年）　蕉門の代表的人物で芭蕉の経済的支援者。
English: Year of birth unknown - 1718: Met Basho on his way of 'The Narrow Road to the Deep North,' and became his pupil.
Japanese: 生年不詳-享保3年（1718年）　「奥の細道」の道中の芭蕉と出会い入門。
English: 1649 - 1710: Accompanied Basho to 'The Narrow Road to the Deep North.'
Japanese: 慶安2年（1649年）-宝永7年（1710年）　「奥の細道」の旅に同行。
English: Haijin Hyakkasen (100 selected poets of Haiku, edited by Buson YOSA): Kikaku, Ransetsu, Kyorai, Joso, Shiko, Hokushi, Kyoriku, Sora, Yaba, and Etsujin.
Japanese: 俳人百家撰（与謝蕪村・編）其角、嵐雪、去来、丈草、支考、北枝、許六、曾良、野坡、越人
English: Basho and Shomon Jittetsu-zu (painted by Taiun): Kikaku, Ransetsu, Kyorai, Joso, Shiko, Hokushi, Kyoriku, Sora, Yaba, and Sanpu.
Japanese: 芭蕉と蕉門十哲図（對雲・筆）其角、嵐雪、去来、丈草、支考、北枝、許六、曾良、野坡、杉風
English: Basho and Shomon Jittetsu-zu (painted by Nanbo): Kikaku, Ransetsu, Kyorai, Joso, Shiko, Hokushi, Kyoriku, Sora, Etsujin, and Sanpu.
Japanese: 芭蕉と蕉門十哲図（南峯・筆）其角、嵐雪、去来、丈草、支考、北枝、許六、曾良、越人、杉風
English: Nukata no Okimi (also known as Nukata no Kimi) (dates of birth and death unknown) was a leading female Japanese poet who was active during the reigns of the emperors Kogyoku and Jito with poems in the "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten-Thousand Leaves).
Japanese: 額田王（ぬかたのおおきみ、ぬかたのきみとも、生没年不詳）は、皇極天皇朝から持統天皇朝に活躍した、日本の代表的な女流万葉歌人である。
English: Her name is usually written as 額田王 (as described in "Manyoshu"), while 額田姫王 (as described in "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan)) and 額田部姫王 (as described in "Yakushiji Engi" (The History of The Yakushi-ji Temple)) are also used.
Japanese: 額田王（『万葉集』）の表記が一般的だが、額田姫王（『日本書紀』）・額田部姫王（『薬師寺縁起』）とも。
English: According to "Nihon Shoki," Nukata no Okimi was a daughter of Kagami no Okimi who married Oama no miko (Prince Oama, later Emperor Tenmu) and gave birth to Tochi no Himemiko (also pronounced Toichi; Princess Tochi).
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には、鏡王（かがみのおおきみ）の娘で、大海人皇子（天武天皇）に嫁し、十市皇女を生むとある。
English: Kagami no Okimi may have been a member of the ozoku (kozoku (the Imperial Family) who are second- to the fifth-generation descendants of an emperor) judging by the title '王' (O, which was used by male descendants of emperors up to the fifth generation), although his name does not appear in any other historical source; moreover, according to one theory, he may have been a great-grandson of Emperor Senka.
Japanese: 鏡王は他史料に見えないが、｢王」称から2世-5世の皇族（王族）と推定され、一説に宣化天皇の曾孫という。
English: According to some theories, the birthplace of Nukata no Okimi may be traced back to the former Nukata no sato village, Hegurino-kori in Yamato Province (the present-day Yamatokoriyama City, Nara Prefecture) or the eastern part of Shimane Prefecture (formerly Ou-no-kori in Izumo Province).
Japanese: 額田王の出生地に関しては、大和国平群郡額田郷や島根県東部(出雲国意宇郡)に求める説がある。
English: A theory (by Norinaga MOTOORI in his essay "Tamakatsuma" (A Jeweled Basket)) states that Kagami no Okimi (鏡王女), who appears in "Manyoshu" and "Nihon Shoki" may be an elder sister of Nukata no Okimi, assuming that '鏡王女' means '女 (daughter of) 鏡王(Kagami no O)', but this may be far-fetched.
Japanese: 『万葉集』『日本書紀』に見える鏡王女（鏡王女）を姉とする説もあるが（本居宣長『玉勝間』）、それは「鏡王女」の表記を「鏡王の女（むすめ）」と解釈したもので、無理があろう。
English: A new hypothesis derived from the same assumption states that '女 (daughter of) 鏡王' might actually have been Nukata no Okimi herself.
Japanese: また、表記の解釈は同様で、「鏡王の女（むすめ）」とは額田王自身のことを指すのではないかという新説も提出されている。
English: The story that after she gave birth to Tochi no Himemiko, Nukata no Okimi was loved by Nakano Oe no Oji (also pronounced Nakano Oe no Miko; Prince Nakano Oe, later Emperor Tenchi), who was the elder brother of Emperor Tenmu, is widely believed but there is no proof.
Japanese: 十市皇女の出生後、天武天皇の兄である中大兄皇子（天智天皇）に寵愛されたという話は根強いが、確証はない。
English: The following two poems are generally read with the assumption that Nukata no Okimi was involved in a love triangle with Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: とくに、次の2首などをめぐって、天智・天武両天皇との三角関係を想定する理解が一般にある。
English: If I did not care for you, beautiful as the gromwell flower, would I still love you, even though you are another's wife? (Vol. 1: 21, composed by Oama no miko)
Japanese: 紫の匂へる妹を憎くあらば人妻ゆゑに我恋ひめやも（巻1・21・大海人皇子）
English: On the contrary, because Yasaburo IKEDA and Kenkichi YAMAMOTO wrote in "Manyo Hyakka" (A Hundred Poems from the Manyo-shu) that these two poems might have been composed for entertainment during a banquet, their view has been accepted as the common view among academics.
Japanese: しかし、池田弥三郎・山本健吉が『萬葉百歌』でこの2首を宴席での座興の歌ではないかと発言して以来、こちらの説も有力視され、学会では通説となっている。
English: Among her late poems, Nukata no Okimi had Zotoka (poetry exchanged between a man and a woman) with Yuge no miko (Prince Yuge) when the Prince accompanied Empress Jito to Yoshino; judging by the period of the imperial visit, Nukata no Okimi would certainly have lived into her sixties.
Japanese: 晩年の王の歌としては、持統天皇吉野行幸に際して弓削皇子と交わした贈答歌があり、行幸の時期から推測して60代頃までは確実に生存していたと推測される。
English: Itsuko OKABE, Takeshi UMEHARA and others presented a new view that an inscription '比売朝臣額田' found in 'National Treasures of Tanzan-jinja' (National Treasure) owned by Tanzan-jinja shrine may be the new name for Nukata no Okimi after descending to the status of a subject.
Japanese: なお、岡部伊都子や梅原猛らは、談山神社所蔵の「談山神社国宝」（国宝）銘文に見える「比売朝臣額田」について、臣籍降下した額田王の改名とする説を唱えている。
English: Although the truth remains unknown due to the lack of historical sources, it was somewhat doubtful that Nukata no Okimi, who was a member of ozoku was granted the title Ason (also pronounced Asomi, granted to powerful families descended from the Imperial Family).
Japanese: 史料がないので真相は不明だが、王族のはずの額田王が朝臣姓を賜っている点はやや不審である。
English: If this was the case, Nukata no Okimi remarried NAKATOMI no Oshima, who was a leading member of the Fujiwara clan of those days, and lived to be nearly 80 years old.
Japanese: もし、この説が正しいとすると、額田王は当時藤原氏一族の有力者であった中臣大島と再婚し、80歳近くまで生きていたことになる。
English: It is a commonly accepted view in novels that Nukata no Okimi was a woman of unmatched beauty.
Japanese: 額田王が絶世の美人であったというのは、小説などでは通説となっている。
English: However, there are few remaining historical sources about Nukata no Okimi and none regarding her appearance.
Japanese: しかし、額田王に関する記述がごく限られている以上、その容貌について物語る史料があるわけではない。
English: According to Nobuyuki Kajikawa (in his "Tsukurareta Manyo no Kajin: Nukada no Okimi" (Fabricated Manyo Poet: Nukada no Okimi)), "Kogane Isago" (A Commentary on Manyoshu), written by Akinari UEDA, was one of the earliest examples in which a description of Nukata no Okimi's appearance was given.
Japanese: 梶川信行（『創られた万葉の歌人額田王』）によれば、彼女の容貌については上田秋成の『金砂』が早い例だという。
English: Descriptions of her appearance were added based on the above poems which suggest a love triangle.
Japanese: つまり、上記の三角関係を想定させるような歌から、彼女自身のイメージが後附けされたものとみてよい。
English: Some of the earliest descriptions of the love triangle were made in the Edo period by people such as Mitsue FUJITANI (in his "Manyoshu tomoshibi" (Light on Manyoshu)) and Nobutomo BAN (in his "Nagara no Yamakaze" (The Mountain Wind of Nagara)).
Japanese: この三角関係についても富士谷御杖（『萬葉集燈』）・伴信友（『長等の山風』）の発言など、江戸時代のものが早いと思われる。
English: In any case, 'legends' are so deeply rooted that, according to Kajikawa, his remarks that Nukata no Okimi's beauty was groundless once made his audiences turn on him.
Japanese: ともかく、「伝説」は根強いものでもあるようで、梶川によれば、額田が美女であるとの根拠はないとの発言をしたところ、聴衆から食ってかかられたこともあるという。
English: Haku ITO (scholar of Manyo) had a similar anecdote that a woman asked him to withdraw the remarks he had made in his lecture, which was also that there was no proof regarding the generally accepted impression of Nukata no Okimi ("Manyo no Kajin to Sakuhin" (Poets and their Works in Manyoshu)).
Japanese: これに類する逸話としては、伊藤博(万葉学者)も、やはり額田王について一般的にもたれているイメージは確証のあることではないという趣旨の講演をおこなったところ、ひとりの婦人に内容の撤回を求められた、というものがある（『萬葉の歌人と作品』）。
English: Akira FUJIEDA had a similar anecdote concerning his lecture on Prince Shotoku (Seiichi OYAMA "'Shotoku Taishi' no tanjo" (The Birth of 'Shotoku Taishi')).
Japanese: 聖徳太子にかんしても藤枝晃の講演をめぐって似通った逸話（大山誠一『<聖徳太子>の誕生』）がある。
English: The above-mentioned cases are examples of the large gap between what is understood regarding a historical figure from historical sources and what is generally thought about the figure.
Japanese: 歴史上の人物というものが、史料からわかることと、一般に知られる像との間におおきな開きがある例として注目されよう。
English: FUJIWARA no Maro (695 - August 17, 737) was a court noble who lived during the Nara period.
Japanese: 藤原麻呂（ふじわらのまろ、持統天皇9年（695年）-天平9年7月13日(旧暦)（737年8月17日））は、奈良時代の貴族。
English: 737: Became Jisetsu taishi (Ambassador Bearing the Sword of Authority), and together with ONO no Azumahito, Mutsu no Azechi (inspector of Mutsu Province) and also a Commander-in-Chief of the Defense, he carried out a road-laying project between Mutsu and Dewa Provinces which started from Taga-jo Castle and went through Ogachi Village.
Japanese: 737年、持節大使となり、陸奥按察使兼鎮守将軍大野東人とともに多賀城より雄勝村を経由する陸奥国から出羽国への直通路開削事業を行う。
English: As the Fujiwara four brothers died one after another within a short period of time, it is considered that they became infected when they visited each other.
Japanese: 藤原四兄弟が短期間に相次いで死亡していることから、相互に見舞いのために訪問し合った際に感染したものと考えられる。
English: Oku no Himemiko (大来皇女, also written as 大伯皇女, February 15, 661 - February 2, 702) was an Imperial princess of Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 大来皇女（おおくのひめみこ、大伯皇女とも　661年2月12日（斉明天皇7年1月8日(旧暦)）-702年1月29日（大宝(日本)元年12月27日(旧暦)））は、天武天皇皇女。
English: In 661, she was born in a boat which was on the way toward Tsukushi, sailing in the sea of Oku with Emperor Tenchi and his party on board.
Japanese: 斉明天皇7年（661年）に、筑紫に向かう途中の、天智天皇一行の乗った船が、大伯の海の上を通過している時に誕生した。
English: According to "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), Emperor Saimei and Hashihito no Himemiko were buried together in Ochi no Oka no Ue Imperial Mausoleum on March 30, 667, and there is a description stating that Ota no Himemiko was buried in the tomb in front of this mausoleum.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』に、天智天皇6年（667年）の2月27日に斉明天皇と間人皇女を小市岡上陵に合葬し、大田皇女をこの陵の前の墓に埋葬したという記述がある。
English: Therefore, Ota no Himemiko, the mother of Oku no Himemiko and Imperial Prince Otsu, seem to have passed away before March 30, 667.
Japanese: そのため、667年の2月27日以前には、大来皇女と大津皇子の母の大田皇女は死去したと思われる。
English: After her father, Emperor Tenmu, established a system of Saigu, Oku no Himemiko went down to Ise-jingu Shrine as the first Saio (an unmarried Imperial princess serving at the Ise shrine) on November 15, 674.
Japanese: 大来皇女は天武天皇3年（674年）、10月9日に、父の天武天皇によって斎宮制度が確立されてからの初代斎王として、伊勢斎宮に下向した。
English: On March 17, 675, the following year, Tochi no Himemiko and Princess Ahe (later Empress Genmei) visited Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 翌年の天武天皇4年（675年）の2月13日には、十市皇女と阿陪皇女（後の元明天皇）が伊勢神宮に参詣した。
English: On May 27, 686, Taki no Himemiko, Yamashiro Hime no Okimi, and Mrs. ISHIKAWA were sent to Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 朱鳥元年（686年）、4月27日、多紀皇女・山背姫王・石川夫人が伊勢神宮に遣わされた。
English: She retired on December 10 of the same year, and returned to the capital after Imperial Prince Otsu was killed on a charge of treason on October 28.
Japanese: 同年の10月3日に、大津皇子が謀反人として死を賜った後、11月17日に退下し、都に帰った。
English: In "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), she left six poems in which she expressed her feelings toward her younger maternal half-brother Imperial Prince Otsu, who was killed on a charge of treason.
Japanese: 『万葉集』に謀反人として倒れた同母弟の大津皇子を想う歌を6首残している。
English: Natsumi-haiji Ruined Temple (national historical site) in Nabari City, Mie Prefecture is considered 'Shofuku-ji Temple, which was completed in 725 as part of a vow made by Oku no Himemiko' ("Yakushiji Engi" [The History of the Yakushi-ji Temple]).
Japanese: 三重県名張市の夏見廃寺（国史跡）は、「大来皇女が発願し、725年に完成した昌福寺（『薬師寺縁起』）」とされている。
English: Nos. 105 to 106 in the second volume of Manyoshu (poems composed on the occasion of Imperial Prince Otsu's secret visit to Ise-jingu Shrine)
Japanese: 万葉集巻第2　105～106番（大津皇子がひそかに伊勢神宮に下向してきた時に詠んだ歌）
English: To see my brother off for Yamato, I stood outside in sorrow at midnight until I was drenched with early morning dew.
Japanese: わが背子を大和に遣るとさ夜深けて　暁（あかとき）露にわが立ち濡れし吾勢祜乎倭邊遣登佐夜深而鷄鳴露尓吾立所霑之
English: It is difficult for even two people to go over the autumn mountain; how can you cross it alone?
Japanese: 二人行けど行き過ぎ難き秋山を　いかにか君が独り越ゆらむ二人行杼去過難寸秋山乎如何君之獨越武
English: Nos. 163 to 164 in the second volume of Manyoshu (poems composed on her way to the capital after Imperial Prince Otsu's death and her retirement)
Japanese: 万葉集巻第2　163～164番（大津皇子薨去後、退下・帰京途上で詠んだ歌）
English: It was much better to stay in Ise Province; why did I come here? My darling brother has been killed, leaving me behind.
Japanese: 神風の伊勢の国にもあらましを　なにしか来けむ君もあらなくに神風乃伊勢能國尓母有益乎奈何可来計武君毛不有尓
English: My brother whom I wanted to see is dead now; why did I come here? I have just gotten my horse tired.
Japanese: 見まく欲（ほ）りわがする君もあらなくに　なにしか来けむ馬疲るるに欲見吾為君毛不有尓奈何可来計武馬疲尓
English: Nos. 165 to 166 in the second volume of Manyoshu (poems which were composed when the tomb of Imperial Prince Otsu was moved to Mt. Nijo [also known as Mt. Futakami])
Japanese: 万葉集巻第2　165～166番（大津皇子を二上山に移葬したときの歌）
English: Now you are dead, and still I live; from tomorrow I will see Mt. Futakami as my brother.
Japanese: うつそみの人にあるわれや明日よりは　二上山を弟背（いろせ）とわが見む宇都曾見乃人尓有吾哉從明日者二上山乎弟世登吾將見
English: Even though I try to break off the flowering ashibi branch on the rock, nobody tells me that you are still here to be shown the branch by me.
Japanese: 磯の上に生ふる馬酔木を手折らめど　見すべき君がありといわなくに礒之於尓生流馬酔木乎手折目杼令視倍吉君之在常不言尓
English: Prince Otsu (663 - October 28, 686) was a prince of Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 大津皇子（おおつのみこ、663年（天智天皇2年）-686年10月25日（朱鳥元年10月3日(旧暦)））は天武天皇皇子。
English: He had a good physique and was broad-minded, and since his early days, he liked to study, read books very well, obtained deep knowledge, and wrote in a splendid way.'
Japanese: 「状貌魁梧、器宇峻遠、幼年にして学を好み、博覧にしてよく文を属す。」
English: (Since his early days, he liked to study, read books very well, obtained deep knowledge, and wrote in a splendid way.)
Japanese: （幼い頃から学問を好み、書物をよく読み、その知識は深く、見事な文章を書いた。）
English: (He acted freely, not worrying about rules; even though he was a prince, he behaved with modesty and treated people politely.)
Japanese: （その人柄は、自由気ままで、規則にこだわらず、皇子でありながら謙虚な態度をとり、人士を厚く遇した。）
English: "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) also contains similar praise, so he seems to have been recognized as an extraordinary man.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』にもおなじ趣旨の讃辞が述べられており、抜群の人物と認められていたようである。
English: "Kaifuso" states that he was the oldest son of Emperor Tenmu, though "Nihonshoki" said that he was the third child.
Japanese: 『懐風藻』にはまた『日本書紀』に第3子とあるにもかかわらず、天武天皇の長子とある。
English: There is no denying that the author had sympathy for Prince Otsu's miserable end (details will be mentioned later).
Japanese: これは、大津皇子が辿った末路（詳細は後述）に対する同情が含まれているのも否定はできないであろう。
English: However, even thinking about it, we could tell that he was a talented and popular man.
Japanese: しかし、それを差し引いても有能で人々の人気を集めていた人物だった事がわかる。
English: His mother, Ota no Himemiko, was the princess of Emperor Tenchi, and also older sister of Empress Uno no Sarara (later known as Empress Jito), so if she had been alive when her husband, Emperor Tenmu, had ascended the throne, it was almost certain that she would have become an Empress.
Japanese: 母の大田皇女は天智天皇の皇女で鵜野讃良皇后（後の持統天皇）の姉だったため、夫天武天皇即位時に生きていれば、間違いなく皇后になっていた人物だった。
English: Though he did not have good supporters, his older paternal half-brother, Prince Kusakabe, became a crown prince in 681, meanwhile, Otsu came to join court politics in March, 683.
Japanese: 後ろ盾が乏しかった為異母兄の草壁皇子が681年（天武天皇十年）に皇太子となったが、大津も683年（天武天皇十二年）2月に朝廷の政治に参加する事となる。
English: There are various views about the expression, 'beginning to listen to the Imperial politics,' which suggests Otsu's political participation.
Japanese: この「始聴朝政」という大津の政治参加を示す文句については様々なとらえ方がある。
English: Considering that "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued) contain the same term for describing the entry into politics of Imperial Prince Obito (also known as Emperor Shomu), who was a crown prince, it seems to be appropriate to understand that he stood on an equal footing with Kusakabe (Ken SHINOKAWA).
Japanese: 『続日本紀』に皇太子である首親王（聖武天皇）の政治参加におなじ用語を使っていることからみると、草壁と匹敵する立場に立ったと理解するのが妥当だと思われる（篠川賢）。
English: However, Otsu was equal with Kusakabe in line of descent, excluding Naga no miko and Imperial Prince Toneri, and his political participation meant that Kusakabe's right of succession to the Imperial Throne, which had been tentatively certain, was almost lost.
Japanese: しかし、当時まだ年少だった長皇子・舎人親王等を除けば、血統的に草壁と互角だった大津の政治参加は一応は明確になっていた草壁への皇位継承が半ば白紙化してしまった事を意味した。
English: In September 686, when Emperor Tenmu passed away, his friend, Prince Kawashima, informed on him on October 27, within a month of Emperor's death, so he was captured on a charge of treason, and killed at his residence at Osada in Iware the following day.
Japanese: かくして686年（朱鳥元年）9月に天武天皇が崩御すると、1ヶ月も経たない10月2日に親友の川島皇子の密告により、謀反の意有りとされて捕えられ、翌日磐余（いわれ）にある訳語田（おさだ）の自邸で死を賜ったのである。
English: An epigraph in "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) states that right before his death, he left for Ise-jingu Shrine, where his older sister, Oku no Himemiko, served as Saio (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the shrine).
Japanese: また、『万葉集』の題詞には死の直前に姉である大来皇女が斎王を務めている伊勢神宮へ向かったとある。
English: Some scholars, such as Yoshitaka TOKURA, claim that the part of Prince Kawashima's betrayal in this treason would be fiction.
Japanese: これらの謀反にかかわる内容のうち、川島皇子の密告については、都倉義孝ら、虚構であろうとする論者もある。
English: Atsumu WADA considers that he might have criticized Crown Prince at mogari (a site where the coffin of the deceased Emperor is placed before being buried); while Seiji OKADA thinks that his visit to the Ise-jingu Shrine might have violated a taboo.
Japanese: また、謀反の内実については和田萃のように、天皇の殯で皇太子を謗るような発言をしたのではないかとする見方があり、岡田精司のように伊勢神宮への参拝が禁忌にふれたのではないかとする理解もある。
English: However, there is no reliable historical material except "Manyoshu" concerning his visit to Ise, so some people claim that the visit was a made-up story in the first place.
Japanese: ただし、この伊勢行きに関しては、『万葉集』以外によるべき史料がなく、そもそもそれ自体虚構ではないかとする説もある。
English: "Manyoshu" and "Kaifuso" contain his death poem, but Noriyuki KOJIMA and Susumu NAKANISHI advocated an opinion that it was created not by the prince, but by posterity, which had compassion on him.
Japanese: 『万葉集』と『懐風藻』に辞世が残っているが、小島憲之や中西進らによって皇子の作ではなく、彼に同情した後人の仮託の作であろうとの理解がなされている。
English: There are almost no death poems left in Jodai Literature (Early Japanese literature), and the poems collected in "Kaifuso" are similar to the Chinese poetry in Later Zhou; therefore, this view is often advocated in the academic society.
Japanese: 上代文学にはほとんど辞世の作が残らないこと、また『懐風藻』の詩については後周の漢詩に類想があることなどから、学会レベルではこの説も支持されることが多い。
English: The opinion that Empress Uno no Sarara pulled the wire is dominant (Kojiro NAOKI).
Japanese: 事件の背景には、鵜野讃良皇后の意向があったとする見方が有力である（直木孝次郎）。
English: Nos. 105 to 106, Volume 2 of Manyoshu (the poems composed by Oku no Himemiko when he went down to Ise-jingu Shrine to see his older sister, Oku no Himemiko)
Japanese: 万葉集巻第2　105～106番（姉の大来皇女に会うために伊勢神宮に下向した時に大来皇女が作った歌）
English: Nos. 163 to 164, Volume 2 of Manyoshu (poems composed by Oku no Himemiko when she retired and returned to the capital after he was executed)
Japanese: 万葉集巻第2　163～164番（処刑後、大来皇女が退下・帰京途上で作った歌）
English: Nos. 165 to 166, Volume 2 of Manyoshu (the poems composed by Oku no Himemiko when his grave was moved to Mt. Nijo)
Japanese: 万葉集巻第2　165～166番（二上山に移葬されたとき、大来皇女が作った歌）
English: His grave is near the top of Odake top of Mt. nijo (at the border between Nara and Osaka Prefectures) (the Imperial Household Agency calls it as 'The grave of Prince Otsu at Mt. Nijo.')
Japanese: 大阪府と奈良県の境にある二上山(奈良県・大阪府)の雄岳頂上付近に墓とされる場所がある（宮内庁名で「大津皇子二上山墓」とある）。
English: However, there is an opinion that Toritaniguchi-kofun Tumulus, which is in the Katsuragi City side, at the foot of the mountain, is the real grave.
Japanese: しかし、葛城市側の麓にある鳥谷口古墳が実際の墓であるとする説もある。