nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The provision was provided as a matter of course in the original plan given by Japan, but due to Korea's strong demands it was deleted.
Japanese: 日本側の原案にはこの条項が当然入っていたが、朝鮮側の強い要望により削除された。
English: The reason for that was that Korea did not intend to open the country to the powerful countries of Western Europe in the future, so that provision would not be necessary.
Japanese: 朝鮮は今後も西欧列強に対し開国する意志がないので無用だというのが、その理由であった。
English: The representatives were the Resident Foreign Minister Okazu MIYAMOTO from Japan and In Hee CHO from Korea, a negotiator on behalf of the Korean government with a title of 講修官議政府堂上.
Japanese: 日本側代表は理事官外務大丞である宮本小一、朝鮮側代表は講修官議政府堂上の肩書きを持つ趙寅熙であった。
English: They had long arguments about those topics in particular, such as whether the ministers would establish the official residence (a problem of dispatch of ministers), whether Japanese government officials could move inland in Korea, the range of traveling for general Japanese in the places where ports were opened, and import and export of rice and grain.
Japanese: 交渉中特に問題となったのは、公使がソウルに官舎を構えるか否か（公使派出問題）、日本の役人が朝鮮内地を移動できるか否か、開港地における一般日本人の移動範囲、米や雑穀の輸出入といったテーマであった。
English: As a result of the negotiation, Japan withdrew the matters regarding establishment of the official residence and traveling inland in Korea, because of severe objection by Korea.
Japanese: 交渉の結果、官舎の設置や朝鮮内地の旅行は、朝鮮側の強い反対で日本側が撤回した。
English: As a result of negotiations over 12 times, details for subsidiary agreements of the Treaty of Amity (11 provisions) and the precise rules of trade regulations (11 rules) were established on August 24.
Japanese: 12回にわたる交渉の結果、8月24日（旧暦7月6日）、細目に当たる修好条規付録（11款）と章程にあたる貿易規則（11則）が定められる。
English: It included an important agreement related to tariff autonomy, but the negotiation was settled in a short period without serious conflict.
Japanese: 関税自主権に関わる重要な取り決めが含まれていたが、大きな衝突もなく、短期間で妥結した。
English: The appendix of provision 5 - Japanese people can employ Korean people by paying wages at the place where the port was opened.
Japanese: 付録第五款　開港地において日本人は朝鮮人に賃金を支払うことにより雇用することができる。
English: The first half of this provision was one of the instructions given by the Grand Minister Sanjo who insisted not to compromise, but Korea did not oppose it.
Japanese: この条文前半は、三条太政大臣が譲歩すべきではないとした訓示の一つであったが、朝鮮側の反対はなかった。
English: If the part concerning coming to Japan interfered with negotiations, Japan were prepared to delete it.
Japanese: 来日については交渉の妨げになるようであれば、削除もやむなしという姿勢であった。
English: The appendix of provision 7 - Japanese people can use the Japanese currency at cities where the port is open, and Korean people can use currency that they got through trade when they purchase Japanese products.
Japanese: 付属第七款　開港場において日本人は自国の貨幣を使用することができ、朝鮮人は売買によって入手した貨幣を日本製品購入のために使用することができる。
English: Sanjo also instructed that the provision stating that Japanese people could use currencies of Japan and Korea was not to be compromised.
Japanese: 日本人が日朝双方の貨幣を使用することができるようにする条項も、三条から譲歩してはいけないと訓示されていたものである。
English: Korea tried to prohibit use of the Korean copper coin called Sangpyeong Tongbo by Japanese people, but it failed because of opposition from Japan.
Japanese: 朝鮮側は朝鮮銅貨である常平銭を日本人が使用することを禁じようとしたが、日本側に押し切られた。
English: As Korea relied on the import of copper, the material of currency, they worried that copper would flow out of Korea to Japan.
Japanese: 材料の銅を輸入に頼らざるを得なかった朝鮮としては、日本によって国外に銅が流出する危惧を抱いていたのである。
English: Appendix of provision 10 - Although Korea did not have diplomatic relations with other foreign countries, if the ships of those countries were shipwrecked and somebody drifted ashore, they would be sent to the city of an open port where a Japanese officer was stationed, and then the victims would be sent back to their own countries from there.
Japanese: 付録第十款　朝鮮は海外諸国との国交がないが、今後朝鮮に国交のない諸国の船が遭難し、漂着する人がいれば、日本の管理官がいる開港地まで送り届け、そこから遭難者の本国に送還することとする。
English: This provision was related not only to events between Japan and Korea, but also between Korea and other countries.
Japanese: この条項は日朝間にだけ関わるものではなく、その他の国も念頭に置いたものとなっている。
English: This provision, which provided the obligation of humanitarian measures, was inserted by Japan as a requirement of the powerful countries of Western Europe toward Korea.
Japanese: 人道的措置の履行を義務づけるこの条項は、西欧列強の朝鮮に対する要望を日本が替わりに挿入したものである。
English: Parks and Bingham, the American minister to Japan, gave extremely positive estimates to the insertion of this provision.
Japanese: パークスや駐日アメリカ公使ビンガムなどはこの一条の挿入に対し非常な肯定的評価をしている。
English: As there had been a large outflow of rice to Tsushima before the conclusion of the treaty, Korea proposed the prohibition of the export and import of rice and grain, but Japan overcame the opposition from Korea successfully.
Japanese: 条約締結以前、大量の米が対馬に流出したことがあったため、朝鮮側は穀類の輸出入禁止を提案したが、日本側が押し切った。
English: Regulation 9 - If illegal trade at a site outside the appointed ports was exposed by the government officials of the area, the criminal would be given over to the officer of the Japanese administration, and Japan should return all of the confiscated money and goods to Korea.
Japanese: 第9則　指定された開港場以外において密貿易を行い、その地の官僚に摘発された時は、日本の管理官に引き渡し、日本側は没収した金品を全て朝鮮側に交付すべし。
English: Except for the unfairly low tariff on the export and import of grains and on the ports, there were no points that caused a problem in the trade regulation itself.
Japanese: 貿易規則そのものには穀物の輸出入及び港税が不当に低く抑えられていることを除けば、さして問題となる箇所はない。
English: The character as an unequal treaty can be seen in the official document ('the correspondence attached to the appendix of the treaty of amity') which was handed over from Okazu MIYAMOTO to In Hee CHO, apart from the trade regulations.
Japanese: 不平等条約的性格が看取されるのは、この時貿易規則とは別に、宮本小一から趙寅熙に渡された公文（「修好条規付録に付属する往復文書」）の中においてである。
English: This official document was treated as 'a document which should not be proclaimed to the people.'
Japanese: この公文は「人民に公布して不可なるもの」と位置づけられたものであった。
English: A part of the official document - The products exported from Japan to Korea will not be imposed export duties in customs in Japan, while the products exported from Korea to Japan will not be imposed import duties.
Japanese: 公文の一部　日本から朝鮮に輸出するものについては日本の税関では輸出税をかけず、一方朝鮮から日本への輸出するものにも輸入税をかけない。
English: It seemed an equal treaty at a glance, but the ability to trade was already different, so it was remarkably disadvantageous to Korea.
Japanese: 一見双方平等のようであるが、貿易に関する力量がすでに異なっていたため、朝鮮側にとって著しく不利なものであった。
English: Before the envoy visited Korea from Japan, Munenori TERASHIMA, the chief of the Foreign Ministry, gave his opinion to the Grand Minister Sanjo, 'Export duties to Korea will not be imposed from now on. As the imported products from Korea would be not so many and most of them were utilities, those would not be harmful to our country.'
Japanese: この時の使節団訪朝前に、日本では寺島宗則外務卿が、「朝鮮輸出税は今より無論に是を徴せす。彼国より輸入し来る物品と雖少数、且多くは実用品にて国害となるへき物品無之候」と三条太政大臣に意見具申している。
English: He meant that because there would be little economic damage to Japan he proposed not to impose the tax.
Japanese: つまり日本側に与える経済的ダメージが少ないからこそ無関税を唱えたことになる。
English: In response to this, Sanjo instructed the envoy 'In order to promote trade, export and import duties will not be imposed on both sides. This is the point of the provision of trade (punctuation and emphasis were improved by a writer).'
Japanese: これを受け三条は「貿易の催進を要する為、彼我共に輸出入税を徴するなし。是通商章程中の要旨なり」（句読及び強調、加筆者）と使節団に訓示している。
English: Okazu MIYAMOTO proposed it faithfully, and Korea did not oppose it because of their ignorance of the international law, so the customs-fee system was established.
Japanese: 宮本小一はそれを忠実に提案し、朝鮮側は国際法の常識に欠けていたため反論せず、そのまま無関税体制が敷かれることになった。
English: For example, English Minister to Japan, Harry PARKES talked of his impression that the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity was similar to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
Japanese: たとえば駐日イギリス公使ハリー・パークスは日朝修好条規が日英通商条約と類似しているとの感想を漏らしている。
English: The Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan which was the first treaty that Japan concluded, and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan were models for the treaties that Japan later concluded with the powerful countries of Western Europe.
Japanese: 日本が最初に締結した日米和親条約や日米修好通商条約はその後に結ばれた西欧列強と締結した諸条約のモデルとなっている。
English: As the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity was concluded based on the study of the treaties between Japan and the United States, it would be natural that Parkes felt the character of the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity was similar to that of the treaty between Japan and England.
Japanese: 日朝修好条規は日米間の条約を研究して結ばれたものであるから、パークスが感じるように日朝修好条規と日英間の条約の性格が似ているのは当然といえる。
English: If it must be classified, the stipulation itself corresponded to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan, while the Appendix, and trade regulations and official documents corresponded to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan.
Japanese: 強いて類別すれば、条規そのものは日米和親条約にあたり、付録及び貿易規則・公文は日米修好通商条約に該当する。
English: Describing Korea as 'an independent country' was a unique point of this treaty.
Japanese: 朝鮮を「自主の国」とわざわざ言明している点は、この条約の特殊な点である。
English: What should be noted was that the provisions in the treaties between Japan and the countries of Western Europe served to strengthened the unequal character of this treaty.
Japanese: その他挙げなければならないのは、総じて西欧の対日条約の中に見出すことができるものの、その不平等性が増している条項の存在である。
English: Parkes, the English minister to Japan, paid great attention to the point that the Japanese demand to Korea was heavier than that from Europe and the United States to Japan.
Japanese: 駐日イギリス公使パークスも、日本の朝鮮への要求が日本に対する欧米側の要求よりも上まわっていることについて、非常に注目していた。
English: Although the employment of Korean people was a prerequisite condition, it was possible for the Japanese merchant ships to exercise coastal trade at places other than the cities where ports were opened.
Japanese: 朝鮮側の雇用が前提とはいえ、日本の商船が開港地以外での沿岸貿易が許される余地があること。
English: The similarity is the establishment of the free-movement area for foreign residents in the cities with open ports, while the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity permitted foreigners to do business.
Japanese: 開港地に外国人の遊歩区域を設けている点は同様であるが、日朝修好条規では外国人の商業行為をも認めている。
English: When the treaties between five countries in the Ansei era were concluded, even though Japan sacrificed extraterritoriality, they prevented foreigners from doing business.
Japanese: 安政五カ国条約では、治外法権を犠牲にしても外国人の商業行為を阻止した。
English: However, Japan did not give such time to Korea in the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity.
Japanese: しかし日朝修好条規では、そうした暇を朝鮮に与えることは無かったのである。
English: The use of Japanese currency at the cities with open ports was permitted in the treaties between Japan and the countries in Western Europe, where the export of copper coins was not allowed, however.
Japanese: 同じく開港場にて日本の貨幣使用が認められている点も西欧の対日条約と同じであるが、それらでは銅貨の輸出は認められていない。
English: In the treaty between Japan and Europe and the United States, the port due was 22 dollars (15 dollars for entrance + 7 dollars for clearance), while in the treaty between Japan and Korea, it was 5 yen for large ships like steamships, and 2 yen or 1.50 yen for the smaller ships, which was decided depending on the burden.
Japanese: 日本と欧米間の取り決めでは港税は22ドル（入港料15ドル+出港料7ドル）であったのに対し、日朝間では蒸気船など大きな船舶については5円、それ以下の規模の船は積載量により2円と1円50銭とされた。
English: The exchange rate of that period in the Meiji period was 1 yen to the dollar, so port dues were kept low at about a quarter of the price in this treaty.
Japanese: 明治のこの時期の為替レートは1円1ドルほどであったので、港税は1/4程度の廉価に抑えられているといえる。
English: From these points, it can be said that the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity had more severe provisions than those between Japan and Europe and the United States.
Japanese: 以上から日朝修好条規は、日本が欧米と結んだ諸条約と比較してより過酷な内容を持ったものになっている、といえる。
English: The Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity provided that two ports would be opened besides Busan, but negotiations to decide the exact places were proceeding with difficulty.
Japanese: 日朝修好条規において、釜山以外に二港を開港するとしながら、どこにするかという具体論になると交渉は難航した。
English: Japan insisted that Songjon Village in Munchon City should be one of the possible sites, but Korea were reluctant because there was a royal tomb.
Japanese: 日本は候補の一つとして文川市郡松田里を強く推したが、その地は王陵（王家の墓地）があるために朝鮮側が難色を示した。
English: Wonsan was considered as an important site not only for trade, but also as a foothold against Russia.
Japanese: 元山は単に貿易の要所としてだけでなく、対ロシアの拠点としての機能も重視された。
English: The negotiation ran into trouble extremely as Incheon was the outer harbor of Hanseong, the capital of Korea, but Korea compromised and notified Japan of their acceptance in February 1881.
Japanese: 仁川は朝鮮の首都漢城の外港にあたる地であるため交渉は非常に難航したが、朝鮮側が妥協して1881年2月受諾を通告してきた。
English: Although the consular office was established in 1882, opening of the port was postponed until much later, and it was finally opened in January 1883.
Japanese: 1882年に領事館が置かれたものの、開港はさらに遅れ、最終的には1883年1月になって漸く開港された。
English: Korea understood the conclusion of the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity was a revival of the relationship of peace and amity under the tributary system during the Edo period.
Japanese: 朝鮮側の認識では、日朝修好条規の締結は江戸時代における冊封体制下における交隣関係復活であると捉えていた。
English: For this reason Korea did not admit the necessity of mutual permanent residence of ministers of both countries.
Japanese: したがって両国が公使を相互に常駐させる必要性を認めることはなかったのである。
English: Korea insisted that ministers should be dispatched at any time such as occasions of congratulation or condolence as the messenger of Korea did, so they were very concerned about the permanent residence of a minister in the capital.
Japanese: むしろ朝鮮通信使のように、慶弔といった事柄に対し随時使節を送れば良いと主張し、そして首都に常駐することに非常な懸念を表明した。
English: During the severe discussion between the two sides, minister resident Yoshimoto HANABUSA traveled often between Japan and Korea, and finally Japan established a consular office in Hanseong in December 1880, Hanabusa stayed there for a long term to create a fait accompli, and Korea had no choice but to concede.
Japanese: 日朝で激しいやりとりがあったが、弁理公使花房義質が日朝間を頻繁に往来して、ついには1880年12月漢城に公使館を設置し長期滞在して既成事実化するようになると、朝鮮側も黙認せざるを得なくなった。
English: In May 1876, Korea dispatched to Japan the training delegates whose members were yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) as a return salute envoy.
Japanese: 一方朝鮮側は1876年5月、答礼使節として両班を成員とする修信使を日本に派遣した。
English: Japan advised to do so, and the real purpose of the dispatch was to inspect the present state of Japan on the way to civilization.
Japanese: これは日本側の勧めによるもので、開化途上にある日本の現状を視察するのが本当の目的であった。
English: However, many of the dispatched yangban were conservatives, so that it was said that little was achieved.
Japanese: しかし派遣された両班たちには保守的な者が多く、あまり成果は無かったといわれる。
English: However, the second group of the training delegates led by Hong-jip KIM (born in 1842) met with the Qing dynasty minister to Japan Ruzhang HE and Zunxian HUANG, and brought back "A stratagem for Korea" written by Huang.
Japanese: しかし金弘集(1842年)に率いられた二度目の修信使は、駐日清朝公使何如璋及び黄遵憲と面会し、黄の『朝鮮策略』を持ち帰っている。
English: Through the experiences of the second training delegates, negotiations with the Japanese government, and bringing back "A stratagem for Korea," the diplomatic policy of Korea changed to the policy of opening of the country to Europe and the United States.
Japanese: 第二回修信使の見聞、日本政府との交渉、そして『朝鮮策略』の持参によって、朝鮮の対外政策は欧米に対する開国政策へと舵をきり始めるのである。
English: For example, although there were only several hundred Japanese residents in Busan when the port was opened, this figure increased to a little less than 2,000 in 1882.
Japanese: たとえば釜山では開港当初数百人しかいなかったにもかかわらず、1882年には2000名弱の日本人が在留していたのである。
English: In proportion with the increase of Japanese people, the scale of trade between Japan and Korea became larger than that between China and Korea.
Japanese: 貿易も比例して大きくなり、やがて中朝貿易よりも日朝貿易は大きくなるのである。
English: First of all, as a large amount of grain was exported from Korea, it brought about a serious rice shortage and the price of rice soared domestically in Korea.
Japanese: まず穀物が朝鮮から大量輸出されるようになり、国内において深刻な米不足米価騰貴をもたらした。
English: Though it was rather too late, Korea realized the necessity of recovery of tariff autonomy, and started to impose tax to the merchants living in Busan.
Japanese: 遅まきながら、関税自主権回復の必要性を悟った朝鮮側は、まず自国の在釜山商人に税を課しはじめた。
English: Korea dispatched envoys to Japan several times in order to revise the agreement on taxation, but it did not succeed.
Japanese: その後幾度か関税についての取り決めを改める使節を日本に派遣したが、いずれも成功しなかった。
English: The provision on taxation was amended after the Treaty of Commerce between Korea and the United States was concluded, where taxation was provided, and Japan decided that they should not maintain the preferential provision anymore.
Japanese: 関税に関する条項が改訂されるのは、朝米通商条約において関税が定められ、自国のみ突出するわけにはいかないと日本が判断した後である。
English: As the businessmen with political ties, Kihachiro OKURA and Zohei FUKUDA, and the holders of great capital such as the Bank of Daiichi started to enter the trade with Korea, the merchants in Tsushima were expelled economically and furthermore advanced violently to the outskirts of the open ports.
Japanese: 大倉喜八郎や福田増兵衛といった政商、第一銀行といった大資本が朝鮮貿易に参入するようになると、対馬商人たちは経済的に脇に追いやられるようになり、本来貿易が許されないはずの開港地の外縁へと暴力的に進出していくようになる。
English: The merchants in Tsushima began to cause troubles with Korean people, but naturally they were taken in and tried by the Japanese court.
Japanese: そのため朝鮮人ともめ事を起こすことになっていくが、当然、対馬商人たちは日本側が引き取り裁判を行った。
English: As a result of the conclusion of the treaty, the Joseon Dynasty opened the country, which in practice led to the end of the national isolation policy.
Japanese: 条約の締結によって、李氏朝鮮は開国し、海禁政策（鎖国）は事実上終了した。
English: By the gunboat diplomacy, the soaring price of rice, consular jurisdiction, and other factors overlapping, the bad feelings against Japan had been accumulated in Korea.
Japanese: 砲艦外交や米価騰貴、領事裁判権などいくつもの要因が重複して、朝鮮側の日本への悪感情を蓄積させていった。
English: After conclusion of the treaty, the Qing dynasty became positively involved with Korea in order to maintain the last subject state under the tributary system.
Japanese: 条約締結以後、清朝が最後の冊封国朝鮮を維持しようと、朝鮮に積極的に関与するようになる。
English: The Qing dynasty started to change the position of Korea from a subject state under the tributary system to that based on modern international law.
Japanese: 朝鮮を冊封体制から近代国際法的な属国へと位置づけし直そうとしはじめる。
English: As Japan also started to scheme to put Korea under their control, the conflict between Japan and the Qing dynasty became more serious, and this became an indirect cause of the Sino-Japanese War.
Japanese: 同じく日本も朝鮮を影響下に置こうと画策しはじめていたため、日本と清朝の対立が深まり、日清戦争の遠因となった。
English: Ryosei is the systems based on ryo that refer to the administrative law of the Ritsuryo codes.
Japanese: 令制（りょうせい）とは、律令のうち行政法にあたる令に基づく諸制度をいう。
English: In Japan, the systems based on Taiho Code and Yoro Ritsuryo Code, which were enacted and enforced in the eighth century, were regarded as Ryosei.
Japanese: 日本では8世紀に制定・施行された大宝律令、養老律令に基づく諸制度が令制とされた。
English: For example, those government posts in the Ritsuryo codes, provinces as a unit of local administration (ryoseikoku), the format of documents and so on are mentioned.
Japanese: 例えば、律令に定める官職、地方行政単位である国（令制国）、文書の書式などが挙げられる。
English: "Ryo-no-gige" is a commentary on ryo (administrative code) by the decree of the Emperor Junna, selected by 12 people such as udaijin (minister of the right) KIYOHARA no Natsuno as a head, Monjo hakase (professor of literature) SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi and so on.
Japanese: 『令義解』（りょうのぎげ）とは、に淳和天皇の勅により右大臣清原夏野を総裁として、文章博士菅原清公ら12人によって撰集された令の解説書。
English: Unlike "Ryo-no-shuge" (KOREMUNE no Naomoto' s personal collection), which is also a commentary on the Ryo, it had legal binding force.
Japanese: 同じく養老令の注釈書である『令集解』（惟宗直本の私撰）と違って、こちらには法的効力がある。
English: The term "Kenzuishi" refers to Japanese tributary envoys dispatched to the Sui rulers in China during the reign of Empress Suiko.
Japanese: 遣隋使（けんずいし）とは、推古天皇朝の俀國（倭国）が隋に派遣した朝貢使のことをいう。
English: Kenzuishi were dispatched over five times in the 18 years between 600 and 618.
Japanese: 600年（推古8年）～618年（推古26年）の18年間に5回以上派遣されている。
English: The kenzuishi and his staff would depart from Suminoetsu Port near Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine in Osaka, heading to Osaka Bay via Sumiyoshi-no-Hosoe (present-day Hosoe River and Hosoigawa Station), and then leave Naniwa-no-Tsu (Naniwa Port) and go across the Seto Inland Sea to the Genkai-nada Sea in the Kyushu region.
Japanese: 大阪の住吉大社近くの住吉津から出発し、住吉の細江（現・細江川。細井川駅）から大阪湾に出、難波津を経て瀬戸内海を九州へ向かい、そこから玄界灘に出る。
English: The dispatch of envoys to China was resumed one century after the tributary envoys to the Southern Dynasty sent by the five kings of Wa (Japan), with the primary purpose of learning about Sui culture, as they were a key and leading country in East Asia, but also with the intention of maintaining Japanese influence over the Korean Peninsula.
Japanese: 倭の五王による南朝への奉献以来約1世紀を経て再開された遣隋使の目的は、東アジアの中心国・先進国である隋の文化の摂取が主であるが、朝鮮半島での影響力維持の意図もあった。
English: The section called 'the Record of Eastern Barbarians, the Record of Wakoku (Japan)' in "Suishu" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty) includes a scene between Emperor Wen, who was the founder of the dynasty, and an envoy.
Japanese: 『隋書』「東夷傳俀國傳」は高祖楊堅の問いに遣使が答えた様子を載せている。
English: There came a king of Wa whose last name was Ame, azana (nickname) was Tarashihiko, and go (pseudonym) was Okimi in 600. He sent an envoy to the Imperial palace. The emperor asked the envoy about the culture of Wa through his servant. The envoy said that the king of Wa regarded the heaven as his elder brother and the sun as his younger brother. He got up before daybreak and attended to government affairs, sitting with his legs crossed on the floor. Once the sun came high, he stopped his work and told his younger brother to take over him. The emperor said that it totally lacked justice. The emperor tried to dissuade the king from doing this.'
Japanese: 「開皇二十年俀王姓阿毎字多利思北孤號阿輩雞彌遣使詣闕上令所司訪其風俗使者言俀王以天爲兄以日爲弟天未明時出聽政跏趺坐日出便停理務云委我弟高祖曰此太無義理於是訓令改之」
English: In 600, there was a king of Wa whose last name was Ame, azana (nickname) was Tarashihiko, and go (pseudonym) was Okimi.
Japanese: 開皇二十年、俀王、姓は阿毎、字は多利思北孤、阿輩&x96de弥と号（な）づく。
English: He got up before daybreak and attended to government affairs, sitting with his legs crossed on the floor.
Japanese: 天未（いま）だ明けざる時、出でて政（まつりごと）を聴く跏趺（かふ）して座す。
English: Once the sun had risen high, he stopped his work and told his younger brother to take over for him.
Japanese: 日出ずれば、すなわち理務を停（とど）めて云う、我が弟に委（ゆだ）ぬと。
English: The name of the king of Wa (written as 俀 in Japanese, but it is generally said that the Chinese character of 俀 should actually be 倭), whose last name was Ame, was Tarashihiko (written as 多利思北孤 in Japanese, but it is generally thought that the character 北 had been originally 比 and his name should be written as 多利思比孤), and it is thought that his full name, Ametarashibiko, meant a noble man who was originally from heaven.
Japanese: 俀王（通説では俀は倭の誤りとする）姓の阿毎はアメ、多利思北孤（通説では北は比の誤り多利思比孤とする）はタラシヒコ、つまりアメタラシヒコで、天より垂下した彦（天に出自をもつ尊い男）の意とされる。
English: The emperor asked the envoy dispatched that year about the customs of Wakoku through his servant.
Japanese: この時派遣された使者に対し、高祖は所司を通じて俀國の風俗を尋ねさせた。
English: The envoy said that the last name of the king of Wa was Ame, his azana was Tarashihiko, and his go was Okimi.
Japanese: 使者は俀王を「姓阿毎字多利思北孤」号を「阿輩雞彌」と云うと述べている。
English: However, the emperor did not accept the political system of Wakoku due to his personal values, and moreover, it seemed unreasonable to him.
Japanese: ところが、高祖からみると、俀國の政治のあり方が納得できず、道理に反したものに思えたのであろう。
English: Nohonshoki mentions the second dispatch, and it says ONO no Imoko was sent to Great Tang with the sovereign's message in 607.
Japanese: 第二回目は、『日本書紀』に記載されており、607年（推古15年）に小野妹子が大唐国に国書を持って派遣されたと記されている。
English: According to the section of 'the Record of Eastern Barbarians, the Record of Wakoku (Japan)' in "Suishu" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), the beginning of the official message of the king of Wa written to Yang Guang, the emperor of Sui, was as follows.
Japanese: 倭王から隋皇帝煬帝（ようだい）に宛てた国書が、『隋書』「東夷傳俀國傳」に以下のように書き出されていた。
English: The emperor of the Land of the Rising Sun is writing to the emperor of the Land of the Setting Sun, and I hope you are doing well.'
Japanese: 「日出處天子致書日沒處天子無恙云云」（日出ずる処の天子、書を日没する処の天子に致す。恙無しや、云々）
English: This message made Yang Guang angry, and it is said that he told a foreign service officer whose position was called korokei (the chief of the office which was in charge of the entertainment of foreign envoys or ambassadors) not to talk about this country because the message was rude.
Japanese: これを見た煬帝は立腹し、外交担当官である鴻臚卿（こうろけい）に「蕃夷の書に無礼あらば、また以て聞するなかれ」と命じたという。
English: In other words, he told the officer never to present him again with such rude letters from barbarians.
Japanese: 無礼な蕃夷の書は、今後自分に見せるな、というのである（「帝覽之不悅謂鴻臚卿曰蠻夷書有無禮者勿復以聞」）。