nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: From this description, it can be known that during the Hotoku era (February 1449 to January 1453), the right to judge criminal cases had already been transferred to 'Yoda sanpo' (an autonomous local office autonomously set up by the people in three districts of Yamada, Ise Province in the early 15th century) from 'Saishuke' (the chief Shinto priest family belonging to Ise-jingu Shrine)
Japanese: 宝徳年間、既に検断権は「祭主家」から離れて「山田三方」が有していた事が判る。
English: In 1469, suffering from frequent internal conflicts between Yoda sanpo, the Muromachi bakufu appointed AISU Iyonokami Tadayuki, who was in a neutral position between the Kokushi (provincial governors) Kitabatake clan and Yoda sanpo, to the post of Jinryo bugyo in order to take charge of Onsengu bugyo (magistrate in charge of rebuilding Ise-jingu Shrine ever 21 years) and restore order in the estate of Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 文明年間に入るや「山田三方」の内部抗争が頻発するに及び、苦慮した室町幕府は「国司北畠氏」と「山田三方」に中立な愛洲伊予守忠行を神領奉行職に任命し、伊勢大神宮の御遷宮奉行と神領地の治安に当らしめた。
English: Since Tadayuki AISU, permission by the Imperial Court was not required, and Daikan (local governors) trusted by the Kokushi Kitabatake clan, such as the Sakauchi clan, took the charge as bugyo for the Kitabatake clan.
Japanese: 「愛洲忠行」以降朝廷の裁可は行われず、国司北畠氏の代官である坂内氏等が「北畠氏の奉行」として替わっている。
English: AISU Iyonokami Tadayuki, who had his home base at Ichinose-jo Castle, Ise Province, having received his appointment to the post of Jinryo bugyo, promptly moved to the Iwade Saishu Yakataato (site of the head priest's mansion in Iwade).
Japanese: 「伊勢国一之瀬城」を拠城としていた愛洲伊予守忠行は「神領奉行職」を拝命するや、祭主家が神領支配していた「岩出祭主館跡」に遷る。
English: In "Tokitsugu Kyoki" (Diary of Tokitsugu YAMASHINA), written later, there is a description of a Saishu (head Shinto priest) using Iwade-jo Castle as his home base under the dominance of the Kitabatake clan over the Ise-jingu Shrine's estate.
Japanese: 「言継卿記」に後世、北畠氏の神領支配で「岩出城」を拠点としていた事が記されている。
English: The old theories about the setup of 'Ise Yamada bugyo' by the Edo bakufu, such as it having been established at the request of the members of Yoda sanpo, or that a Goshuinjo (letter of command with a stamp to show its authenticity) from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to Jobu Ecchunokami (Governor of upper-Ecchu Province), was the precedent for Yamada bugyo in the Edo bakufu, are still compatible with the idea of Tadasuke OOKA as Yamada bugyo.
Japanese: 徳川幕府の「伊勢山田奉行」の設置について「山田三方会合衆の要請に依った」とか昭和四年刊行の宇治山田市史の「豊臣秀吉の上部越中守への御朱印状を以て江戸幕府・山田奉行の前例とする」説は、現在に於いても大岡忠相の山田奉行手柄話と共にまことしやかに語られている。
English: In 'Miyagawa Yawa So' (Night Stories in Miyagawa) written in 1768 by Chobei Yasutadatsugu KATO, the owner of Kokodo in Yamada Ichishikubo-cho (present Ichishi-cho, Ise City, Mie Prefecture), there is a discussion on the 'Jinryo bugyo.'
Japanese: 明和五年山田一志久保町・講古堂主人、加藤長平秦忠告著の「宮川夜話草」に、「神領奉行」に就いての論考がある。
English: "During the Bunroku era (1592-1596) while Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was in power, Magistrate Shimotsuke OKAMOTO controlled the Shrine territory, staying at Kameyama-jo Castle, and afterwards, Magistrate Hyogo MAKIMURA, Magistrate Sakon MACHINO, Magistrate Hyobu FURUTA, and Magistrate Kurando INABA, successively assumed control over this territory and lived in Tamaru-jo Castle and Iwade-jo Castle."
Japanese: 『文禄年中の豊臣秀吉公御代は、岡本下野殿亀山城より神領を御支配せられ、その後、牧村兵庫殿・町野左近殿・古田兵部殿・稲葉蔵人殿、当国、田丸・岩出両城より御支配せらる。』
English: And this description can be understood to indicate that to conclude that Jinryo bugyo was the antecedent of the Yamada bugyo in the Edo bakufu, although the presence of Jobu Ecchunokami and Jinryo bugyo at Kameyama-jo Castle, Shimotsuke OKASMOTO, is far-fetched.
Japanese: 上部越中守の亀山城神領奉行岡本下野への取次を以て、江戸幕府の「山田奉行の前例」とするは、「こじつけ」と指摘されていることが解る。
English: They were in charge of accounting work, such as tax collection, keeping financial records, and computation of land tax, under the instruction of geshi/gesu (local officials in charge of a manor) and kumon (local shoen officials below the geshi in rank).
Japanese: 下司や公文の下で年貢の徴収・出納・算用などの経理的な業務にあたった。
English: According to the record in "Todaiji Yoroku" (the record of Todai-ji Temple), the treasurer was set up in the Toyoinosho in Yamato Province and Omotosho in Kii Province, where Todai-ji Temple had its Shoen manors.
Japanese: 『東大寺』によれば、東大寺の荘園があった大和国豊井荘や紀伊国木本荘に出納が設置されて年貢に関する業務にあたったことが記されている。
English: According to "Zatsuji Yoroku" (the record of miscellaneous things), which records the financial affairs of the Konoe family in the Muromachi Period, it is recorded that in the Obanryo parcel set up within the territory of the Sessho Kanpaku (regent and chief advisor to the Emperor) family, there was a post of treasurer to collect rice for a land tax called Oban-mai, and among the officers in charge of it, there were those who did business as wholesale merchants.
Japanese: また、室町時代の近衛家における経済状況を記した『雑事要録』によれば、摂関家の所領に設置されていた大番領には大番米を徴収する出納が設置され、中には問丸などの他の業種を営んでいたことが記されている。
English: Suino was the officer of Kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) and was in charge of all of general affaires including the receipts and disbursement of the treasury of Kurododokoro.
Japanese: 出納（すいのう）は、蔵人所の職員の1つで蔵人所の財物の出納をはじめ、一切の庶務を掌った。
English: In the Edo period, Suino oversaw the jigenin (court officials who were not allowed access to the palace) of Kurodogata (another name for Kurododokoro), and as Jigekekanjin (officials came from the families which were not allowed to enter the palace), he was called 'Saikanjin' along with Kyokumu (the chief secretary) of Benkankyoku (Controllers' Office) and Kanmu (chief secretary) of Daijokan (Grand Council of State).
Japanese: 江戸時代には蔵人方地下人を統括して地下家官人としては、弁官局局務・太政官官務とともに「催官人」と呼ばれた。
English: The prescribed number of personnel for this post was three during the Heian period and in addition to the receipts and disbursements jobs for Kurododokoro, Suino also drafted the documents of Kurododokoro, such as cho (official certificate), kudashibumi (document issued by a superior or office) and hensho (letter of receipts), and signed these documents together with Kurodo (Chamberlain).
Japanese: 平安時代には定員3名で蔵人所における出納業務を行ったほか、蔵人所が出す牒・下文・返抄などの文書を蔵人に代わって起草・作成して蔵人とともに連署した。
English: Since the knowledge and skill of clerical work are required for this post, persons who learned Myobodo (study of Codes) or experienced civil officers in government offices were usually appointed to this position.
Japanese: 学識と事務能力を必要とされ、明法道出身者や官司の事務官出身者が任じられることが多かった。
English: After his abdication, the Emperor Uda ordered the secretary of Goin Palace to compile records of disbursement while he was on the throne, and as seen from this fact, Suino had a close relation with the emperor.
Japanese: 宇多天皇は退位後に自己の在位中の出納を後院の主典代に任じて事務にあたらせており、天皇とも密接なつながりがあった。
English: During the era of Emperor Horikawa, however, Suino were under restraint since they were regarded as 'arrogant' since they presided over everything instead of Kurodo.
Japanese: ところが、堀河天皇の頃から蔵人に代わって出納が全てを取り仕切り「僭上」とみなされて掣肘が加えられた。
English: Since the end of Heian period, persons from the Hirata family of the Nakahara clan line were often appointed to this post, and in the late stages of the medieval times, this post became a hereditary post of the Hirata family, though some persons of other families such as the Abe family were appointed in the meantime.
Japanese: 平安時代末期以後は中原氏流の平田家が多く任命されるようになり、途中阿倍氏など他氏が任命されることもあったものの、中世後期に入ると平田家による世襲が確立した。
English: Suino, who were once deprived of many jobs, resumed doing jobs of Kurododokoro together with the decline of the structure of the Imperial court.
Japanese: 一旦は職掌の多くを奪われた出納であったが、朝廷機構の衰微に伴い出納が蔵人所の職務を再び行うようになった。
English: As "Kinpisho" (a book written by Emperor Juntoku, which records the history and origin of imperial court ceremonies and sets forth the rules and etiquette for carrying out such ceremonies) described Suino as 'Kurodogata Issaibugyo' (the head of Kurodogata), Suino played a big role in the management of Kurododokoro and was involved in many jobs at the Imperial court.
Japanese: 『禁秘抄』には、「蔵人方一切奉行」と記され、蔵人所の運営の実務面で大きな役割を果たしたことが記され、朝廷の各方面に関わるようになる。
English: Oritada HIRATA, who studied Hidetaka FUNABASHI and was known as the expert of Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules on ceremonies and rites), was appreciated by the Emperor Goyozei for his talent and was allowed access to the retired emperor's palace, though it was a rare case for jigekanjin.
Japanese: 平田職忠は舟橋秀賢を学び、有職故実大家として知られ、後陽成天皇にその才能を寵愛され、地下官人では異例の院昇殿が認められた。
English: The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which had just been established at the time, intended to control the Imperial court by engaging in the restoration of the well-ordered Imperial court.
Japanese: その頃成立したばかりの江戸幕府は朝廷秩序の回復に関与することで朝廷の統制を行うことを意図していた。
English: The intentions by the bakufu coincided with the Imperial court's intention to restore Imperial ceremonies, and the system of jigekanjin was revised accordingly.
Japanese: 朝廷儀式の再興を望む朝廷側との思惑の合致に伴い、地下官人制度の再編が行われた。
English: As a result, Kyokumu Oshikoji family, Kanmu Mibu family and Suino Hirata family became responsible for various clerical and administrative jobs relating to ceremonies under the instruction of bugyo and shikiji (the head of office) while commanding the jigekanjin of Gekikata (Secretaries' Office), Kangata (one of government office) and Kurodogata respectively ('Kinchu Shosei Shoshi to Sahonokoto' (manners in political affairs and officers of the Imperial Court)).
Japanese: その結果、局務押小路家が外記方、官務壬生家が官方、そして出納平田家が蔵人方の地下官人を統率して奉行・職事の指示に従って傘下の地下官人を率いて儀式のために必要な事務・雑務を行うことになった（「禁中諸政諸司等作法事」）。
English: As a result, Suino came to control the jigekanjin of about 60 families, including those of Zushoryo (Bureau of Drawings and Books), Mondo no tsukasa (Water Office) and Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), in addition to those of Kurodo dokoro.
Japanese: この結果、出納は蔵人所以外の図書寮や主水司、内蔵寮など約60家の地下官人を管轄することになった。
English: Also, chigyodaka (a stipend in terms of the rice production of the fief) of the Hirata family was raised to 31 koku (about 5,580 liter) and it became the third-ranking jige family.
Japanese: また、これに伴い平田家の知行高が31石余りに引き上げられて、地下家第3位の地位に上昇した。
English: Behind the scenes of the above reform, the bakufu and high-ranking people of the Imperial court seemed intent to restore the Imperial court and realize its effective management by restricting the monopolistic rule over jigekanjin by Kyokumu Oshikoji family and Kanmu Mibu family, which exclusively ruled jigekanjin for a long period and were called 'Ryokyoku' or 'the leader of jigekanjin.'
Japanese: これは、長年「両局」「地下官人之棟梁」と称せられ、地下官人の支配を一手に引き受けてきた局務押小路家・官務壬生家による地下官人に対する独占的支配を抑制して、朝廷の再興と運営効率化を図りたいとする江戸幕府と朝廷上層部の思惑があったと言われている。
English: Since then, the posts of Kyokumu, Kanmu and Suino became hereditary posts, and persons appointed to these posts were called Saikanjin who were supposed to command jigekanjin under their respective jurisdiction.
Japanese: 以後、局務・官務・出納はそれぞれの管轄下の地下官人を統率する催官人としてその地位を世襲した。
English: In terms of treatment, however, the Hirata family was treated as a family that was inferior to Kyokumu Oshikoji family and Kanmu Mibu family which were called 'Ryokyoku.'
Japanese: ただし、待遇において出納平田家は職掌面では、「両局」と称せられた局務押小路家・官務壬生家よりも格下の扱いを受けた。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, while both Oshikoji and Mibu families were conferred Baron, the Hirata family was treated as shizoku (family with samurai ancestors) equally with other government officials.
Japanese: 押小路家・壬生両家は明治維新後は男爵に叙せられたのに対して、平田家はその他の官人と同様の士族として扱われた。
English: Being jigekanjin, however, Suino's authority in practical jobs was equivalent to that of Kyokumu and Kanmu.
Japanese: とは言え、地下官人としての出納の地位は実務面においては局務・官務とほぼ同様の権限を有していた。
English: At present, a common view of the researchers of the early-modern times Imperial court is that the status of jigekanjin at that time was 'Sansai' (literally, three officials) structure led by the three Saikanjin families of Kyokumu, Kanmu and Suino.
Japanese: 今日の近世朝廷研究ではこの時期の地下官人を局務・官務・出納の催官人3家によって統率された「三催」体制であったとされている。
English: "Rinjizoyaku" is a collective term for the odd-job tasks that kokuga (provincial government office) obliged local farmers to perform as a kind of tax payable in labor or in kind.
Japanese: 臨時雑役（りんじぞうやく）とは平安時代中期に国衙から農民に身役・交易などの名目で賦課された雑役の総称。
English: There was no tax called 'Rinjizoyaku,' but the word was used to refer collectively to taxation in the form of forced labor imposed on the people in the name of 'dairizatsuji' (miscellaneous chores in the palace), 'cho no kobai kinu' (acquisition and purchase of silk), etc.
Japanese: 「臨時雑役」という名称の租税が存在したわけではなく、「内裏雑事」「調沽買絹」などの名目で課された個々の賦課を一括する際に用いられた語である。
English: Since the end of the 9th century, the tax system had been based on the Ritsuryo system, with Soyocho (taxes on rice, labor or alternative goods, and textile goods or alternative money), Zoyo (irregular corvee), and Shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouses), however, this system was gradually dismantled, and at the local (kokuga) level, dual taxation consisted of Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and Rinjizoyaku began to be imposed and collected, and gradually this way of taxation extended to the central (Imperial Court) level.
Japanese: 9世紀末頃より、租庸調・雑徭・正税などといった律令制に基づく税体系が解体され始め、まず地方（国衙）レベルの徴収において官物と臨時雑役に分けた賦課・徴収が行われるようになり、次第に中央（朝廷）レベルでも同様の徴収が行われるようになっていった。
English: Rinjizoeki is considered to be a modified form of the corvee imposing forced labor, but later other elements, such as Kyoyaku (a task to acquire the necessary materials for the State and kokuga, using the rice collected through the Soyocho and other tax levying system) were added.
Japanese: 臨時雑役は主に雑徭にあたる賦課が変質したものでそこに交易（租庸調などで徴収された米を元手に国家・国衙に必要な物資を調達すること）などの要素が加えられたものであると考えられている。
English: Rinjizoyaku was imposed on the manors (shoen) as well as public lands, and sometimes the lord of manor asked the kokuga for exemption from Rinjizoyaku.
Japanese: 臨時雑役は荘園・公領を問わずに賦課されたが、荘園領主が国衙に対して臨時雑役免除を求める動きもあった。
English: "Shinagon" refers to the four court nobles (MINAMOTO no Toshikata, FUJIWARA no Kinto, FUJIWARA no Tadanobu, and FUJIWARA no Yukinari) who were active in the era of Emperor Ichijo in the middle Heian Period.
Japanese: 四納言（しなごん）とは、平安時代中期一条天皇の時代に活躍した4人の公卿（源俊賢・藤原公任・藤原斉信・藤原行成）の称。
English: The name, Shinagon (four nagons), derived from the fact that FUJIWARA no Tadanobu was Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and the other three served as Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state).
Japanese: 藤原斉信が大納言、他の3名が権大納言まで昇ったことからこの称がある。
English: It is said that the word 'Shinagon' was derived from "Jukkinsho" (A Miscellany of Ten Maxims - Chapter 1: Shinagon), and was patterned after a wise man of the Liu Bang era of Han China, called "Shiko" ("Shiki," the Lord Liu Genealogy).
Japanese: 「四納言」という言葉は、『十訓抄』（第一、四納言事）に由来し、漢の劉邦の時代に実在した「四皓」（『史記』留侯世家）と呼ばれる賢者に擬えられたと言われている。
English: According to "Zoku Honcho-ojo-den," in addition to these four there were originally another five (FUJIWARA no Sanesuke, MINAMOTO no Sukeyoshi, TAIRA no Korenaka, FUJIWARA no Arikuni, and one other), and they were collectively called "Kugyo" (nine nobles).
Japanese: また、『続本朝往生伝』には当時この4人の他に5名（藤原実資・源扶義・平惟仲・藤原有国、他1名は不詳）を加えた「九卿」が存在したという。
English: In a July 23, 1005, article in "Shouki," a diary written by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke - who kept a certain distance with Michinaga - there is a description as follows:
Japanese: 道長と距離を保っていた藤原実資の日記『小右記』寛弘2年5月14日（1005年6月23日）条には、「右衛門督以下恪勤上達部伺候云々、以七八人上達部世号恪勤上達部、朝夕致左府之勤歟」と記されている。
English: Kakugon' means a lower-ranked retainer (samurai) who serves for a high-ranking official, dedicating himself to his duties, and this comment can be interpreted to mean that Sanesuke was ridiculing, saying that Saemon no kami (captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) FUJIWARA no Tadanobu, and other Kandachimes (court nobles, including Toshikata, Kinto, Yukinari in this context) had been reduced to mere retainers of the Safu (left ministry, meaning minister of the left FUJIWARA no Michinaga).
Japanese: 「恪勤」には職務に精励するとともに、高官に仕える身分の低い従者（侍）の意味を持っており、実資は右衛門督（藤原斉信）以下の上達部（公卿、ここには俊賢・公任・行成を含む）が左府（左大臣藤原道長）の従者に成り下がったと嘲笑したと解されている。
English: And the reason why Sanesuke, although called 'Kenjin Ufu' (Wise Right Ministry), was not included in Shinagon, was that he was in a position that might threaten the power and influence of Michinaga, because Sanesuke was a person of wisdom with a vast knowledge of Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquettes) and, moreover, a legitimate son of the Ononomiya family line.
Japanese: 反対に「賢人右府」と呼ばれた実資がこの賢者の代表とされる四納言に含まれないのは、彼が右大臣に昇ったこともあるが、実資は有職故実に通じた賢人でかつ小野宮流の嫡流であったことから、道長の権勢に対抗することが可能な状況にあったところが大きい。
English: MINAMOTO no Toshikata was a son of MINAMOTO no Takaakira, who fell from his position in the Anna Incident, and the heir to the book of rituals "Saiguki" written by Takaakira.
Japanese: 源俊賢は安和の変で失脚した左大臣源高明の子であり、高明が著した儀式書『西宮記』の継承者であった。
English: Because of his father's downfall, Toshikata's Joshaku (peerage) was at age of 17, delayed relative to other court nobles who were conferred peerage at an average age of 15.
Japanese: 父の件が理由で叙爵が17歳と他の公卿が平均15歳で受けるのに比較して大きく出遅れた。
English: However, with the marriage of his younger sister MINAMOTO no Akiko to Michinaga, he gained a kinship relation with the Sessho/Kanpaku (regent and chief adviser to the Emperor) family, and he took charge of raising political funds for Michinaga, working as an intermediary between Michinaga and other nobles and officials by making use of his kinship connection, although his promotion to Gon Dainagon took place when he was 59 years old - far from rapid advancement.
Japanese: だが、妹の源明子が道長に嫁いだことで摂関家との関係を持ち、権大納言に昇ったのが59歳と昇進自体は決して順調とは言えなかったものの、道長との縁戚関係を利用して他の貴族・官人との仲介役を務め、道長のための政治資金の調達などの役割を担った。
English: FUJIWARA Sanesuke criticized Toshikata, writing "he is notorious for his avarice and conspiracy" (article on September 2, 1011, of "Shouki").
Japanese: 藤原実資は俊賢を「貪欲謀略其聞共高之人也」（『小右記』寛弘8年7月26日条）と非難している。
English: Toshikata's name was not included among the Court Council members present at a fierce debate between Fujiwara Sanesuke and Shinagon when faced with the Toi invasion in 1019, because he had already submitted his Johyo (letter of resignation) from the position of Gon Dainagon (which was accepted in November 1019), and he was therefore not invited.
Japanese: なお、寛仁3年（1019年）に発生した刀伊の賊の際に藤原実資と四納言が激しく議論したことで知られる朝議に彼の名前が無いのは、彼が既に権大納言の上表（辞表の提出）を行っていたため（同年10月に受理）に召集されなかったためであるが、
English: Afterwards, when Toshikata found out about that incident, he conveyed his clear-cut opinion to FUJIWARA Sanesuke (article on October 29, 1019 of "Shouki").
Japanese: その後事情を知った俊賢は藤原実資に意見を具申している（『小右記』寛仁3年9月23日条）。
English: According to the story of "Okagami" (The Great Mirror), FUJIWARA no Kinto was known as a person with whom FUJIWARA no Michinaga had a strong rivalry in his childhood, however, in reality, he often worked with Michinaga in such cases as Dairi Utaawase (the palace poetry contest) on July 24, 986, in which he was selected and participated together with Michinaga and Tadanobu as a representative of the young nobles.
Japanese: 藤原公任は『大鏡』に描かれた幼少期の藤原道長が強いライバル意識を持った相手として知られているものの、実際には寛和2年6月10日(旧暦)の内裏歌合で若手貴族の代表として道長・斉信ともに選ばれるなど、青年時代から共に行動することが多かった。
English: At the same time, as a son of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Yoritada, his future was deemed promising; he was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), an unusually high rank for his age, on March 9, 980, at his coming of age celebration in the Imperial Palace, and a crown was put on his head by Emperor Enyu, according to "Nihongi Ryaku" (Summary of Japanese chronologies) and "Fuso Ryakki" (A brief History of Japan), although in the latter, this event was erroneously compiled in Sannenjo (the article in the year 980) of "Fusoki".
Japanese: また、関白藤原頼忠の子として天元3年2月15日に内裏にて円融天皇自らの加冠により元服して異例の正五位下が授けられる（『日本紀略』・『扶桑略記』、ただし後者には同3年条に誤って入れられている）など、将来が期待されていた。
English: In reality, he was the only one of the Shinagon who became a member of the Imperial Court before FUJIWARA no Michinaga came to power in September, 992.
Japanese: 実際に四納言の中で唯一、藤原道長が政権の座に就く以前に参議に昇進している（正暦3年（992年）8月）。
English: He was also good at waka (Japanese poetry), Chinese-style poetry, and music with string instruments, and he was well known as author of "Wakan Roei Shu" (Collection of Japanese and Chinese poems) and "Hokuzansho "(Manual of court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), among others.
Japanese: また、和歌・漢詩・管弦に優れ、『和漢朗詠集』・『北山抄』などの著作が知られている。
English: Afterwards, unlike his cousin Sanesuke, he came to agree with Michinaga on political issues, in the face of the emergence of the Kujo line coupled with the downfall of Ononomiya line, and strengthened ties with Michinaga by taking his son FUJIWARA no Norimichi as his son-in-law.
Japanese: 政治的にはその後、九条流の台頭と小野宮流の劣勢に際しては従兄弟の実資とは違って道長と接近し、その子藤原教通を娘婿にすることで連携を強めた。
English: However, in 1017, he was overtaken by Tadanobu in promotion, and the death of his daughter around same time caused him to decide to become a priest.
Japanese: だが、寛仁年間に入ると、斉信に昇進を越されるようになり、娘の死も重なった結果、出家を決意する。
English: In "Eiga Monogatari" (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes, vol. 27) there is a scene in which Michinaga, who had already taken vows, presented a priestly robe to Kinto.
Japanese: 『栄花物語』（巻27）では既に出家していた道長が公任のために衣装を贈る場面が描かれている。
English: As described before, in the Utaawase held in 986, when he was invited to participate with Michinaga and Kinto, he was one year younger than them, and the youngest of all the invited participants.
Japanese: 前述のように寛和2年の歌合では道長・公任とともに招かれたが、道長・公任より1つ年下であった斉信は最年少の召人であった。
English: While he was Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), Kanpaku FUJIWARA no Michitaka became seriously ill, and this provoked a disturbance in relation with nairan-senshi (a preliminary inspection of imperial decree) for Michitaka's son, FUJIWARA no Korechika.
Japanese: 蔵人頭時代に関白藤原道隆が重篤となり、息子である藤原伊周の内覧宣旨を巡る騒動が発生している。
English: It is supposed that among the Shinagon, Tadanobu was closest to Michinaga, and he also accompanied Michinaga, who had already entered the priesthood, when he went to Arima-Onsen Hot Spring for medical treatment and recuperation in 1024.
Japanese: 四納言のうち、もっとも道長と親しかったのは斉信であったと考えられ、道長が出家後の万寿元年（1024年）に病気療養のために有馬温泉に向かった際に斉信も同行している。
English: In addition, he was appointed to be Chugu-daibu (Master of the Consort's household) to Michinaga's two daughters, FUJIWARA no Shoshi and FUJIWARA no Ishi, and then to Togu-daifu (Lord Steward) to Imperial Prince Atsuhira (later Emperor Goichijo), who was a son of Michinaga's, that is, his grandchild.
Japanese: 更に道長の娘である藤原彰子・藤原威子の中宮大夫、外孫である敦成親王（後一条天皇）の東宮大夫に任じられた。
English: In 1020, he was promoted to Dainagon, as the only person who attained this post among Shinagon, and the next year, when FUJIWARA Sanesuke was appointed to Udaijin (Minister of the Right), he was the only Dainagon with the senior rank.
Japanese: 寛仁4年（1020年）に四納言中唯一の大納言に昇進し、その翌年に藤原実資が右大臣に転じた後は唯一の正官の大納言であった。
English: Afterwards, longing for the ministerial post that was only one step away, Tadanobu frequently prayed for it.
Japanese: その後、斉信はあと一歩に迫った大臣の地位に就任することを願って度々祈祷を行った。
English: For this, Fujiwara Sanesuke, who won the post over Tadanobu, expressed his discomfort in his diary "Shouki."
Japanese: 彼と大臣の地位を争い先に就任した藤原実資は不快の念を『小右記』に記している。
English: However, Tadanobu never became a minister, in contrast to FUJIWARA no Yorimichi and his brother Norimichi, who became ministers when they were still young, and Sanesuke, who enjoyed exceptional longevity for that time.
Japanese: だが、若くして大臣となった藤原頼通・教通兄弟及び当時としては稀に見る長命を保った実資の3大臣を前に遂に斉信が大臣になることはなかった。
English: FUJIWARA no Yukinari was a grandchild of Sessho (regent) FUJIWARA no Koretada, but he lost his grandfather and father in his infancy and was brought up by his maternal grandfather.
Japanese: 藤原行成は摂政藤原伊尹の孫であるが、幼くして祖父と父を失い、外祖父に育てられた。
English: Later, he became famous as one of the three famous calligraphers, and at the same time was know as an excellent official, and served actively as the closest adviser to the Emperor.
Japanese: 後世に三蹟の1人として知られる書家として歴史に名を残すが、能吏としても知られており、天皇第一の側近として活躍した。
English: He worked in the post of Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) to the Emperor for 6 years, and then became Keishi betto (administrator of household affairs) to the first Imperial Prince Atsuyasu when the prince was three years old, as the prince lost his real mother FUJIWARA no Teishi one year before.
Japanese: 一条天皇の蔵人頭を6年間にわたり務め、長保3年（1001年）2月には当時3歳で前年に生母藤原定子を失った第一皇子敦康親王の家司別当に任じられている。
English: On the other hand, he confessed in his diary "Gonki" that under the instruction of Michinaga, he pressured Emperor Ichijo to carry out the following two arrangements.
Japanese: その一方で、藤原道長の政権確立のために行った2つの出来事は、いずれも道長の意向を受けた行成が一条天皇に迫ったことが行成の日記『権記』に記されている。