nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As wado (Japanese copper) was offered from Chichibu (Kuroya) in Musashi Province in 708, the Empress changed the name of an era into Wado and ordered the minting of Wado-kaichin coins.
Japanese: 708年に武蔵国秩父（黒谷）より和銅が献じられたので、和銅に改元し、和同開珎を鋳造させた。
English: In that period, the important task was to improve and administer the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) issued in 701, so that the Empress gave an important position to FUJIWARA no Fuhito who was competent in practical business.
Japanese: この時期は701年に作られた大宝律令を整備し、運用していく時代であった、その為実務に長けていた藤原不比等を重用した。
English: She ordered Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) ISONOKAMI no Maro to remain in the Fujiwara-kyo as an administrator, and therefore Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito became the de facto supreme power-wielder.
Japanese: 左大臣石上麻呂を藤原京の管理者として残したため、右大臣藤原不比等が事実上の最高権力者になった。
English: On October 3, 715, however, due to anxiety for her own old age and the still too young crown prince Obito no miko, she abdicated the throne in favor of her daughter, Hitaka no himemiko (Empress Gensho).
Japanese: 同年9月2日(旧暦)（715年10月3日）、自身の老いと首皇子がまだ若いと言う理由で娘の氷高（ひたか）皇女（元正天皇）に譲位した。
English: The ex-Empress Genmei developed a disease in May, 721, and after asking Nagaya no okimi, her son-in-law, and FUJIWARA no Fusasaki to look after her family and affairs and leaving a will to have her funeral simplified, she passed away on December 29, 721.
Japanese: 721年5月に発病し、婿である長屋王と藤原房前に後事を託し、遺詔として葬送の簡素化を命じた後、12月7日(旧暦)に崩御した。
English: I can hear brave men shooting arrows; I guess Minister Mononobe is preparing the target.
Japanese: 大夫（ますらを）の鞆の音すなり物部の　大臣（おほまへつきみ）楯立つらしも
English: Empress Genmei's mausoleum is the Nahoyama no higashi no misasagi (literally, Mt. Naho east mausoleum) in Narazaka-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 奈良県奈良市奈良阪町にある奈保山東陵（なほやまのひがしのみささぎ）である。
English: She ordered before her death as follows: "After my death, construct a furnace in Sahoyama yoranomine, Sounokami-no-kori County, Yamato Province, and cremate my body there; don't do this in any other places," and "Do not dig the hill; construct the furnace in the hill, cut thorns, open a ground and arrange it as a place for mourning; and plant ever green trees there and build a stone monument bearing an inscription."
Japanese: これにさきだって詔して「朕崩ずるの後、大和国添上郡蔵宝山雍良岑に竈を造り火葬し、他処に改むるなかれ」、「乃ち丘体鑿る事なく、山に就いて竈を作り棘を芟り場を開き即ち喪処とせよ、又其地は皆常葉の樹を植ゑ即ち刻字之碑を立てよ」。
English: The name of the mausoleum is recorded as follows: 'Narayama no misasagi' in an article on imperial funerals in "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicles of Japan Continued); 'Naoyama no misasagi' in an article under the heading of leap March in the fourth year of the Tenpyo-shoho era; and 'Sahoyama yoranomine' in the Empress's own will.
Japanese: 陵号は「続日本紀」奉葬の条には「椎山陵」、天平勝宝4年閏3月の条には「直山陵」、遺詔に「蔵宝山雍良岑」とある。
English: According to Engi shoryo-shiki (codes and procedures on national rites for mausoleums), the name of the mausoleum was 'Narayama no higashi no misasagi' (literally, Mt. Nara east mausoleum), the graveyard size being '3-cho (approximately 327.3 meters wide) in an east-west direction, and 5-cho (approximately 545.5 meters long) in a north-south direction,' which was provided with five Shuko households (the term Shuko refers to grave keepers) and the mausoleum was counted as an Enryo (a mausoleum of emperor or empress distantly related to the present Emperor).
Japanese: 延喜諸陵式には「奈良山東陵」とあり、兆域は「東西三町南北五町」とし、守戸五烟を配し、遠陵に列した。
English: The "Zen-o byoryo ki" (a study on the past emperors' mausoleums) supposed the location to be Nafuji Haka (tomb), whereas "Yamatoshi" (a topography of ancient Nara) supposed it to be Onabe-kofun Tumulus.
Japanese: 「前王廟陵記」は那富士墓の位置を擬し、「大和志」は大奈辺古墳を擬した。
English: On April 11, 1865, Hirohashi Uemon-no-kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Guards) was sent to the mausoleum, where he confirmed the completion of restoration and offered a heihaku (Shinto offering of hemp cloth, rope, paper etc., to a Shinto shrine deity).
Japanese: 慶応元年3月16日（1865年4月11日）、広橋右衛門督を遣わして竣工の状況を視し、奉幣した。
English: During the Meiwa era, Teikan TO (also called Sadamoto FUJIWARA, or mistakenly Sadamoto FUJII) saw the monument, and taking "Todaiji Yoroku" (literally, Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple) into consideration, he identified it as the Empress Genmei's inscribed monument that used to stand at her mausoleum.
Japanese: それを明和年間、藤貞幹（藤原貞幹、誤伝により藤井貞幹）が見て「東大寺要録」を参酌して元明天皇陵刻字之碑を考定した。
English: In 1896, an imitation of the monument was built nearby, based on To's "Nahoyama goryo-ko" (literally, a study of imperial mausoleum of Mt. Naho).
Japanese: 明治29年藤井の「奈保山御陵考」によって模造碑を作り、かたわらに建てた。
English: Empress Gensho (680 – May 22, 748) was the forty-fourth emperor of Japan (empress regnant who reigned from October 3, 715, to March 3, 724), who lived in the Nara period.
Japanese: 元正天皇（げんしょうてんのう、天武天皇8年（680年）-天平20年4月21日(旧暦)（748年5月22日））は奈良時代の第44代天皇で女帝（在位：霊亀元年9月2日(旧暦)（715年10月3日）-養老8年2月4日(旧暦)（724年3月3日））。
English: Her Japanese-style posthumous name is Yamato neko tamamizu kiyotarashi hime no sumeramikoto (the term sumeramikoto refers to emperor).
Japanese: 和風諱号は日本根子高瑞浄足姫天皇（やまとねこたまみずきよたらしひめのすめらみこと）である。
English: She is the fifth empress regnant in Japan, who, in contrast to the previous empresses having been empresses consort or crown princesses, had never gotten married and was single at enthronement, thus being the first virgin empress of Japan.
Japanese: 日本の女性天皇としては5人目であるが、それまでの女帝が皇后や皇太子妃であったのに対し、結婚経験は無く、独身で即位した初めての女性天皇である。
English: In addition, she was the only emperor of Japan, who experienced succession to the throne through the maternal line, from mother to daughter (N.B. her father Kusakabe no miko was a male imperial family member descended through a line of males, and therefore the male imperial blood line was maintained).
Japanese: また、歴代天皇の中で唯一、母から娘へと女系での継承が行われた天皇でもある（ただし、父親は男系男子の皇族である草壁皇子であるため、男系の血統は維持されている）。
English: Since her younger brother Emperor Monmu's son Obito no miko (the future Emperor Shomu) was still young, she ascended the throne as her mother Empress Genmei abdicated.
Japanese: 弟・文武天皇の子である首（おびと）皇子（後の聖武天皇）がまだ若い為、母・元明天皇から譲位を受け即位。
English: In an imperial edict issued at the time of her mother Empress Genmei's abdication as recorded in "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicles of Japan Continued), she was described as being gracious, calm, glamorous and beautiful.
Japanese: ｢続日本紀」にある元明天皇譲位の際の詔には｢天の縦せる寛仁、沈静婉レンにして、華夏載せ佇り」とあり「慈悲深く落ち着いた人柄であり、あでやかで美しい」と記されている。
English: In 717, the compilation of Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period) started, which was led by FUJIWARA no Fuhito as the main editor.
Japanese: 養老元年（717年）から藤原不比等らが中心と成って養老律令の編纂を始める。
English: The first son of Fuhito, FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, was a Chunagon (middle councilor) and the second son, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, was still a Sangi (councilor; but he later became an Uchitsuomi or Naishin [government post equivalent of minister]).
Japanese: 不比等の長男藤原武智麻呂は中納言、次男藤原房前（ふささき）は、未だ参議（その後内臣になる）であった。
English: In 723, Sanze isshin no ho (the law to assure the possession of the reclaimed land for three generations) was established in order to deal with the lack of rice fields.
Japanese: 養老7年（723年）、田地の不足を解消するために三世一身の法が制定された。
English: On March 3, 724, the Empress abdicated the throne in favor of the crown prince (Emperor Shomu).
Japanese: 養老8年/神亀元年2月4日(旧暦)（724年3月3日）、皇太子（聖武天皇）に譲位した。
English: In the Imperial Abdication Edict, the Empress referred to the new emperor as 'my son' to proclaim guardianship, thereafter supporting Emperor Shomu after abdication.
Japanese: 退位の詔では新帝を「我子」と呼んで退位後も後見人としての立場で聖武天皇を補佐した。
English: In the last years of her life, the Retired Empress supposedly carried out the affairs of state together with TACHIBANA no Moroe and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, in place of the Emperor Shomu who was too ill to attend to affairs of state and, instead, tended to devote himself to Buddhism.
Japanese: 晩年期の上皇は、病気勝ちで政務が行えずに仏教信仰に傾きがちであった聖武天皇に代わって、橘諸兄・藤原仲麻呂らと政務を遂行していたと見られている。
English: Emperor Ninken (449 – September 9, 498) was the twenty-fourth emperor of Japan (who reigned from February 4, 488, to September 9, 498.)
Japanese: 仁賢天皇（にんけんてんのう、允恭天皇38年（449年）-仁賢天皇11年8月8日(旧暦)（498年9月9日））は、第24代の天皇（在位：仁賢天皇元年1月5日(旧暦)（488年2月4日）-同11年8月8日（498年9月9日））。
English: He was also known as Oke no sumeramikoto (the term sumeramikoto refers to emperor), Oshi no mikoto (the term mikoto refers to god or person of great importance), or Oke no miko (which was written as "意祁命" or "意富祁王" in Japanese).
Japanese: 億計天皇（おけのすめらみこと）・大石尊（おおしのみこと）、意祁命・意富祁王（おおけのみこ）。
English: His imina (real name) was Oshi or Osu, and his azana (male adult's courtesy name) was Shima no iratsuko.
Japanese: 諱は大脚（おおし）または大為（おおす）、字は嶋郎（しまのいらつこ）。
English: After his father Ichinohe no oshiha no miko was murdered by Emperor Yuryaku, Oke no miko (written as "億計王" in Japanese, who was the future Emperor Ninken) and his younger brother Oke no mikoto (written as "弘計王" in Japanese, who was the future Emperor Kenzo) escaped and hid together.
Japanese: 安康天皇3年（456年）に父の市辺押磐皇子が雄略天皇に殺されると、弟の弘計王（後の顕宗天皇）と共に逃亡して身を隠した。
English: They were hired by Shijimi no Miyake no Obito (chieftain of the Imperially-controlled territory called Shijimino miyake) and engaged in farming of horses and cattle.
Japanese: 縮見屯倉首（しじみのみやけのおびと）に雇われて牛馬の飼育に携わっていた。
English: Since Emperor Seinei had no children, he welcomed the two brothers into the imperial palace in 482.
Japanese: 清寧天皇は、子がなかったため喜んで迎えを遣わし、翌年（482年）に2王を宮中に迎え入れた。
English: After the death of Emperor Seinei in 484, both of the two brothers thought the other was more suitable to succeed to the throne, and tried to give the emperorship to the other.
Japanese: 同5年（484年）に清寧天皇が崩じたときに皇位（王位）を弟王と譲り合った。
English: The next year the younger prince succeeded to the throne to become Emperor Kenzo, but he passed away only three years later.
Japanese: 翌年、弟王が即位し（顕宗天皇）となったが、わずか在位3年で崩御した。
English: He established the positions of Isonokamibe Toneri (Officer of the Isonokamibe) in March, 490, and Saeki no miyatsuko in 492.
Japanese: 3年2月（490年3月）に石上部（いそのかみべ）舎人を、5年（492年）に佐伯造（さえきのみやつこ）を置いた。
English: In September, 493, he dispatched HITAKA no Kishi to Koma (Goguryeo) and invited manufacturers of handicrafts, for example, master tanners.
Japanese: また、6年9月（493年10月）に高句麗（こま）へ日鷹吉士（ひたかのきし）を遣わし、皮の工匠などの手工業者を招いたとされる。
English: The Emperor Ninken ruled the country very well, and people said that the world was well governed by the emperor and the citizens were happy in their everyday work.
Japanese: 仁賢天皇の時代は国中が良く治まり、人民から「天下は仁に帰し、民はその生業に安んじている」と評された。
English: The Emperor Ninken chose her as his wife despite the fact that her father Emperor Yuryaku had murdered his father, supposedly in an attempt to enhance legitimacy of his emperorship by marrying an imperial princess who directly descended from the legitimate emperor, where he himself was a collateral descent.
Japanese: 父を殺された雄略天皇の皇女を皇后とした理由として、仁賢天皇自身が傍系の出身であるため、直系の皇女を皇后に迎え入れ正当性を強めたと考えられている。
English: This tactics was used again when his daughter Tashiraka no himemiko married Emperor Keitai who was in a collateral line.
Japanese: これは娘の手白香皇女も、傍系出身の継体天皇の皇后となった事で繰り返されている。
English: The authorized location of the misasagi is Nonaka Bokeyama-kofun Tumulus (a keyhole-shaped mound of 120 meters in the total length) located at 3-chome, Aoyama, Fujiidera City, Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 同陵は大阪府藤井寺市青山3丁目の野中ボケ山古墳（前方後円墳・全長120m）に治定される。
English: Further, Kenzo Ninken-jinja Shrine where Emperors Ninken and Kenzo are enshrined is located in Kizu, Oshibedani-cho Town, Nishi Ward, Kobe City.
Japanese: また、神戸市西区押部谷町木津には、仁賢・顕宗両帝を祭神とする顕宗仁賢神社がある。
English: In addition to this shrine, there are many other shrines that are supposed to have ties with the Emperor Ninken in Nishi Ward of Kobe City, Akashi City and Miki City.
Japanese: また、この神社の他に神戸市西区内や明石市や三木市には所縁を称する神社が数多くある。
English: Emperor Kenzo (450 - June 2, 487) was the twenty-third Emperor, described in "Kojiki" (literally, The Record of Ancient Matters), "Nihonshoki" (literally, Chronicles of Japan), and "Harimanokuni Fudoki" (literally, Records of the Culture and Geography of the Harima Province), who reigned from February 1, 485, to June 2, 487.
Japanese: 顕宗天皇（けんぞうてんのう、顯宗天皇、允恭天皇39年（450年）-顕宗天皇3年4月25日(旧暦)（487年6月2日））は、記紀・『播磨国風土記』に伝えられる第23代の天皇（在位：顕宗天皇元年1月1日(旧暦)（485年2月1日）-同3年4月25日（487年6月2日））。
English: His names include Oke no sumeramikoto written as "弘計天皇" in Japanese (the term sumeramikoto refers to emperor), Kume no wakugo, Oke no miko written as "袁祁王" in Japanese, and Oke no iwasu wake no mikoto (the "Kojiki"), and also Oke no sumeramikoto written as "袁奚天皇" in Japanese (the "Harimanokuni Fudoki").
Japanese: 弘計天皇（おけのすめらみこと）・来目稚子（くめのわくご）、袁祁王・袁祁之石巣別命（おけのいわすわけのみこと、『古事記』）、袁奚天皇（『播磨国風土記』）とも。
English: It was Chikatsu asuka no yatsuri no miya Palace in the capital (the location of which is allegedly present-day Yatsuri, Asuka-mura Village, Takaichi-gun County, Nara Prefecture, or Asuka, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 都は近飛鳥八釣宮（ちかつあすかのやつりのみや。現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村八釣、あるいは大阪府羽曳野市飛鳥の地か）。
English: In 456, when his father was killed by Emperor Yuryaku, Oke no miko (which was written as "弘計王" in Japanese) escaped with his elder brother, Oke no miko (which was written as "億計王" in Japanese, who was the future Emperor Ninken,) and went into hiding.
Japanese: 安康天皇3年（456年）父が雄略天皇に殺されると、兄の億計王（後の仁賢天皇）と共に逃亡して身を隠した。
English: Both brothers changed their names and called themselves collectively as Taniwa no warawa (kids of Tanba) and were exploited by Shijimi no miyake no obito (chieftain of the Imperially-controlled territory called Shijimino miyake) and engaged in farming of horses and cattle for a long time.
Japanese: 兄弟共に名を変えて丹波小子（たにわのわらわ）と名乗り、縮見屯倉首（しじみのみやけのおびと）に使役され、長い間牛馬の飼育に携わっていた。
English: In December, 481, the younger Oke no miko revealed that the two brothers were members of the imperial family at a banquet of a new house by means of a song and chant.
Japanese: 清寧天皇2年11月（481年12月）、弘計王自ら新室の宴の席で、歌と唱え言に託して王族の身分を明かした。
English: Emperor Seinei, who had no children, was delighted to learn this, sent a messenger to meet them, welcomed the two princes into the Imperial court the next year (in 482), and in April he made the elder Oke no miko the Crown Prince and the younger Oke no miko an Imperial Prince.
Japanese: 子がなかった清寧天皇はこれを喜んで迎えを遣わし、翌年（482年）2王を宮中に迎え入れて、4月に兄王を皇太子に、弘計王を皇子とした。
English: After Seinei passed away in 484, Crown Prince Oke tried to pass the Imperial Throne to his younger brother Oke for his great achievement of revealing their social status, but younger Oke refused it.
Japanese: 同5年（484年）に清寧が崩御した後、皇太子の億計は身分を明かした大功を理由として弟の弘計に皇位（王位）を譲ろうとするが、弘計はこれを拒否。
English: As a result, yielding to persuasion by his elder brother, the younger Oke acceded to the throne in February, 485.
Japanese: 結果的に兄の説得に折れる形で顕宗天皇元年（485年）正月、弘計が即位する。
English: Holding memorial services for his father who was murdered without any crime and sometimes retaliating against the murderer Yuryaku, the Emperor is said to have conducted the affairs of the state with love for the common people, which arose from his experience of having had a tough time in far-off places.
Japanese: 罪無くして死んだ父を弔い、また父の雪辱を果たすべく雄略への復讐に走ることもあったが、長く辺土で苦労した経験から民衆を愛する政治を執ったと伝えられる。
English: In addition, there is a story that before his enthronement, he made a night attack and murdered his rival Shibi no omi (of the Heguri clan) due to romantic complications (the "Kojiki").
Japanese: なお、即位前に志毘臣（しびのおみ、平群氏）との恋争いのもつれから、これを夜襲して誅殺したという話もある（『古事記』）。
English: From long ago it has been pointed out that the story of discovery of the noble two brothers, the elder Oke no miko and the younger Oke no miko, is a typical Kishuryuri-tan (a type of folktales in which a young deity or nobleman gets over trials to be a god or a blessed) with a strong dramatic element and the story per se is hard to believe as the historical fact.
Japanese: 古くから、億計・弘計2王の発見物語は典型的な貴種流離譚であって劇的な要素が強く、そのままには史実として信じ難いことが指摘されてきた。
English: As the memory keeper, there may possibly have been some entertainment groups which traveled around the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals Nara and Kyoto) with dancing and singing being their profession, suggesting a possibility that the material of the story may be product of the entertainment world which is far from the historical fact.
Japanese: 伝承者として、歌舞を業として畿内を巡遊する芸能集団の存在が窺われ、物語素材も史実とはかけ離れた芸能的世界の所産であろうという。
English: From this standpoint, it is not clear why such a story was adopted by Kyuji (a record of old stories which served as a foundation of "Kojiki," etc.) but it is said that there was an intention that, by setting two Emperors Kenzo and Ninken, who were from Harima Province, as a historical precedent for Emperor Keitai who was from Echizen Province (or Omi Province), peculiarity of a candidate from a local area as a successor to the Imperial throne may be cast aside, which might bring a gap in the unbroken royal genealogy.
Japanese: この立場にたった場合、なぜ、このような物語が旧辞に取り入れられたのかははっきりしないが、越前国（あるいは近江国）出身であった継体天皇の先例として播磨国出身の顕宗・仁賢2天皇を設定することにより、万世一系的な王統譜に断層をもたらしかねない地方出身の王位継承資格者の特異性を払拭する意図があったとも言われている。
English: From stories that the brothers wandered around Kinai and chanted at a sacred celebration party for a new house, that the different name of the younger Oke, 'Kume no wakugo,' reminds Kumebe which inherits Kumemai dance, that the cheering refrain in Shinto music and dance numbers says 'Oke, Oke,' etc., there are recognized a slight ethnic background which goes back to that age and historicity of the story of discovery of the two princes, but opinions about the details are divided.
Japanese: 兄弟が畿内周辺を彷徨し、聖なる新室宴において唱え言をあげたことや、弘計の別名である「来目稚子」が久米舞を継承する来目部（くめべ）を連想させること、神楽歌における囃し言葉を「おけおけ」ということなどから、当時に溯る民俗的背景がほのみえ、両皇子発見譚に史実性を認めながらも、詳細には意見は割れている。
English: According to a theory by Toshiaki WAKAI, because the discoverer of the two brothers, elder and younger Oke no mikos, was a person who belonged to "Oshinbe" (a group of court servants who worked for Iitoyo no miko's direct servants), it is presumed that the brothers had from earlier been hidden under protection of Iitoyo no miko and the discovery of them was a half expected outcome.
Japanese: 若井敏明の説では億計王・弘計王の兄弟を発見したのは「忍海部」の人物であることから、実は兄弟は早くから飯豊王の保護下に匿われており、発見は半ば出来レースだったと推測する。
English: In contrast, the theory of Fumio KAKUBAYASHI, for instance, recognizes believability of the framework and development of the story, and has it that the discovery was really by chance.
Japanese: これに対し角林文雄などの説では物語の構成・展開に信憑性を認め、発見は本当に偶然だったとしている。
English: In addition, there are more than a few opinions that, even if the story of discovery of the two princes were not a historical fact, it is only that 'a story which is not a historical fact was appended' and it does not deny the Imperial lineage itself, thus advocating the actual existence of the two emperors who had been called Oke no miko.
Japanese: また、両皇子発見譚が仮に史実ではなかったとしても「史実でない物語が付加された」ということにすぎず、天皇系譜そのものを否定したことにはならないとし、億計・弘計の両天皇の存在を主張する意見も少なくない。
English: The Emperor Kenzo was entombed in Kataoka no iwatsuki no oka no minami no misasagi (mausoleum).
Japanese: 傍丘磐坏丘南陵（かたおかのいわつきのおかのみなみのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Additionally, there is Kenzo Ninken-jinja Shrine which enshrines Emperors Kenzo and Ninken as deities in Kizu, Oshibedani-cho Town, Nishi Ward, Kobe City.
Japanese: また、神戸市西区(神戸市)押部谷町木津には、顕宗・仁賢両帝を祭神とする顕宗仁賢神社がある。
English: In addition to this shrine, there are many other shrines that are supposed to have ties with the Emperor Ninken in Nishi Ward of Kobe City, Akashi City and Miki City.
Japanese: また、この神社の他に西区内や明石市には所縁を称する神社が数多くある。
English: Emperor Richu (circa 336 - April 29, 405) was the seventeenth Emperor who reigned from March 12, 400, to April 29, 405.
Japanese: 履中天皇（りちゅうてんのう、仁徳天皇24年（336年）？-履中天皇6年3月15日(旧暦)（405年4月29日））は、第17代の天皇（在位：履中天皇元年2月1日(旧暦)（400年3月12日）-同6年3月15日（405年4月29日））。
English: His name was Oe no izahowake no mikoto (the term mikoto referred to a god or person of great importance), which was written as "大兄去来穂別尊" or "大江之伊邪本和気命" in Japanese.
Japanese: 名は大兄去来穂別尊（おおえのいざほわけのみこと）、大江之伊邪本和気命。
English: There is a theory which identifies him with the king of Wa (Japan), whose name was King San, one of the 'five kings of Wa' which appear in "So-jo" (literally, Book of Song [one of the Nanbeichao or the Southern Dynasties of China]), (whereas other theories identify Emperor Ojin or Emperor Nintoku with King San).
Japanese: 中国の『宋書』に見える「倭の五王」中の倭王讃に比定する説がある（応神天皇もしくは仁徳天皇とする説もあり）。
English: Further, an article in "Kojiki" (literally, The Records of Ancient Matters) shows that Emperor Richu passed away at the age of 64 'on the third day of the New Year's in the year of Jinshin or Mizunoe-saru (according to the Chinese sexagenary cycle)' (in 432), and if this is correct, he should have reigned from 427 to 432, and as a result of back calculation the year of his birth should be, though uncertain, 369.
Japanese: また古事記には「壬申年正月三日」に64歳で崩ずとの記事が見え、これが正しければ、在位期間が427年から432年となり、生年が逆算して369年という事になるが、定かではない。
English: It was Iware no wakazakura no miya Palace in the capital (the name of the palace can be seen in Wakazakura-jinja Shrine at Ikenouchi, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 都は磐余稚桜宮（いわれのわかざくらのみや、奈良県桜井市池之内に稚桜神社がある）。
English: Although Suminoe no nakatsu miko (or Suminoe naka no oji, the terms miko and oji refer to imperial prince) rebelled in an attempt to seize the Imperial throne, Oe no izahowake no mikoto ordered his younger brother, Mizuhawake (or Mitsuhawake) no miko (the future Emperor Hanzei) to kill the rebel and acceded to the throne in March, 400.
Japanese: 住吉仲皇子が皇位を奪おうとして叛するが、弟の瑞歯別皇子（後の反正天皇）に命じてこれを誅殺させ、履中天皇元年2月（400年3月）に即位。
English: In 401, Emperor Richu ordered Soga no machi, MONONOBE no Ikofutsu, HEGURI no Tsuku and KATSURAGI no Tsubura no o-omi to participate in governmental affairs.
Japanese: 2年（401年）、蘇我満智（まち）・物部伊莒弗（いこふつ）・平群木菟（つく）・葛城円（つぶらのおおおみ）らを国政に参画させた。
English: In September, 403, the Emperor placed secretaries called Fumihito in every province and let them report situations in the provinces.
Japanese: 4年8月（403年9月）、諸国に国史（ふみひと）と呼ばれる書記官を設置し、国内の情勢を報告させた。
English: In February, 405, the Emperor established the positions of Kura no tsukasa (the emperor's treasure keeper) and Kurabe (lower-level officials in charge of managing the gain and loss of imperial treasures), (where "Kogo-shui" [historical record of the Inbe clan] indicated that the Emperor founded Uchikura [treasury of the imperial household],) but in April he died of illness at the Wakazakura no miya Palace.
Japanese: 6年正月（405年2月）に蔵職（くらのつかさ）と蔵部を興し（『古語拾遺』には内蔵を興すとある）、3月（405年4月）に病気のため稚桜宮で崩御した。
English: According to the "Kojiki," before enthronement, Oe no izahowake no mikoto (the future Emperor Richu) escaped from Naniwa Kozu-gu Palace to Isonokami-jingu Shrine upon rebellion of Suminoe no nakatsu miko who, in the disguise of Oe, had deceived Oe's fiancee, Kurohime, and had intercourse with her.
Japanese: 古事記では、即位前に婚約者の黒媛と、大江之伊邪本和気命本人だと偽って通じた住吉仲皇子の反乱を受け、難波高津宮から石上神宮へ逃げている。
English: (Kurohime is considered to have been a daughter of either HATA no Yashiro no Sukune or ASHIDA no sukune, and she is believed to have died abruptly in 404, allegedly due to god's curse.)
Japanese: （黒媛とは、羽田矢代宿禰の娘、葦田宿禰の娘の2説があり、履中5年に神の祟りで急死したと言われるが定かでない。）
English: On the way of escape, Oe no izahowake no mikoto met a girl who advised him to take an circuitous route to avoid ambush, and at Isonokami-jingu Shrine he composed the following waka (a Japanese poem consisting of thirty-one syllables).
Japanese: その途中、少女に会って、伏兵が居るので、遠回りしろと教えられ、石上神宮で以下の歌を詠んだ。
English: "Osaka ni au ya otome o michi toeba tada niha norazu tagimaji o noru" (In Osaka, when I met a girl whom I asked for directions, she did not show me a direct route but the Tagima-ji Route).
Japanese: 大坂に遇うや嬢子を道問へば　直には告らず　当岐麻路を告る（おおさかにあうやおとめをみちとへば　ただにはのらず　たぎまじをのる）
English: The direct route refers to, in later years, a famous route to cross Mt. Ikoma (Tadagoe no michi Route), but in the case of Oe no izahowake no mikoto, as he was trying to go over the mountain via the Hanyu-zaka Pass (Habikino Hills), the route is thought to be somewhere around the present-day Anamushi-toge Pass.
Japanese: 直越えとは、後世、生駒山を越える道（直越道）が有名であったが、埴生坂（羽曳野丘陵）から越えようとしているので、現在の穴虫峠付近と考えられる。
English: He met a girl in front of the Anamushi-toge Pass and asked her his way, and she taught him to get over the Takenouchi-toge Pass, which was far and located high above sea level, rather than the easier direct pass (Anamushi-toge Pass).
Japanese: 穴虫峠の手前で出会った乙女に道を聞いたのだが、簡単に越えられるはずの直越え（穴虫峠）ではなく、遠くて、標高も高い竹之内峠越えをしろと教えられた。