nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There is a brief comment about this expedition in the "Ruiju Kokushi (Book of History)" that 'Vice Commander SAKANOUE Osukune no Tamuramaro conquered the Ezo army,' which leads us to believe that Tamuramaro was playing a leading part in the expedition as one of the four Vice Commanders.
Japanese: この戦役については『類聚国史』に「征東副将軍坂上大宿禰田村麿已下蝦夷を征す」とだけあり、田村麻呂は四人の副使（副将軍）の一人ながら中心的な役割を果たしたらしい。
English: In 796, he was appointed Mutsu no Azechi (Inspector of Mutsu), Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) and Chinjufu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), all at the same time, to be in full command of the army, and the following year he was also appointed Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 延暦15年（796年）には陸奥按察使、陸奥守、鎮守府将軍を兼任して戦争正面を指揮する官職をすべてあわせ、加えて翌年には征夷大将軍に任じられた。
English: In 801, he set out on a military expedition, which resulted in his victory against the barbarians (Ezo).
Japanese: 延暦20年（801年）に遠征に出て成功を収め、夷賊（蝦夷）の討伏を報じた。
English: After briefly returning to Kyoto, he went back to Mutsu Province in order to build Izawa Castle in the conquered area, accepting the surrender of more than 500 Ezo soldiers, including chief commanders Aterui and More.
Japanese: いったん帰京してから翌年、確保した地域に胆沢城を築くために陸奥国に戻り、そこで阿弖利為（阿弖流為）と母礼ら五百余人の降伏を容れた。
English: Although Tamuramaro insisted on acquitting the two commanders, his proposal was objected to by court nobles in Kyoto and the commanders were executed.
Japanese: 田村麻呂は彼らを許すことを主張したが、都の貴族は反対し、二人を処刑した。
English: In 804, Tamuramaro was appointed Seii taishogun once again for the third military expedition to Mutsu.
Japanese: 延暦23年（804年）に再び征夷大将軍に任命され、三度めの遠征を期した。
English: However, that same year, the expedition was cancelled by Emperor Kanmu, who accepted FUJIWARA no Otsugu's argument that military expeditions and the construction work for the new capital were placing an intolerable burden on the people (Great Political Debate).
Japanese: しかし、延暦23年（804年）に藤原緒嗣が「軍事と造作が民の負担になっている」と論じ、桓武天皇がこの意見を認めたため、征夷は中止になった（徳政相論）。
English: Although Tamuramaro was no longer able to serve as a military commander, he continued to remain in the post of Seii taishogun, which was originally created as an emergency office.
Japanese: 田村麻呂は活躍の機会を失ったが、本来は臨時職である征夷大将軍の称号をこの後も身に帯び続けた。
English: He was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) in 806 and to Dainagon (Major Counselor) in 810.
Japanese: 大同元年（806年）に中納言、弘仁元年（810年）に大納言になった。
English: While the story is generally accepted as a historical fact, there are many different versions and the details remain unclear.
Japanese: 史実と考えられているが、詳しい事情は様々な伝説があってはっきりしない。
English: When a conflict arose between ex-Emperor Heijo and Emperor Saga, Tamuramaro was appointed by the ex-Emperor as a palace construction officer for the transfer of the capital to Heijo.
Japanese: 平城天皇と嵯峨天皇が対立したとき、田村麻呂は上皇によって平城遷都のための造宮使に任じられた。
English: His son, SAKANOUE no Hirono, was dispatched to Omi Province in order to block Omi Barrier, while Tamuramaro was ordered to attack the army of the ex-Emperor along the Minodo road.
Japanese: 子の坂上広野は近江国の関を封鎖するために派遣され、田村麻呂は美濃道を通って上皇を邀撃する任を与えられた。
English: In this incident, Tamuramaro requested and was granted the release of the captured FUNYA no Watamaro.
Japanese: このとき田村麻呂は、身柄を拘束されていた文室綿麻呂を伴うことを願い、許された。
English: Although the ex-Emperor intended to build an army in the Togoku areas east of Kyoto, upon being informed in Koshita Village, Soekami-gun, Yamato Province, that his way was completely blocked, he returned to Heijokyo (Nara) and became a priest.
Japanese: 平城京から出発した上皇は東国に出て兵を募る予定だったが、大和国添上郡越田村で進路を遮られたことを知り、平城京に戻って出家した。
English: After his death, many stories of Tamuramaro were made in areas across Japan, developing into legends and legendary figures that were far removed from the historical Tamuramaro.
Japanese: 後世、田村麻呂にまつわる伝説が各地に作られ、しだいに膨らんで歴史上の田村麻呂とかけ離れた人物と筋書きを生んだ。
English: Legends about Tamuramaro are also often amalgamated with those about another celebrated Shogun in the Heian period, FUJIWARA no Toshihito, with the two sometimes being confused or placed in a father-son relationship.
Japanese: 平安時代の別の高名な将軍藤原利仁の伝説と融合し、両者を同一人と混同したり、父子関係においたりすることもある。
English: In these legends, Tamuramaro is not always a warrior who wages war against barbarians, but a hero who fights off oni (ogres) and bandits in various areas.
Japanese: 伝説中の田村麻呂は蝦夷と戦う武人とは限らず、各地で様々な鬼や盗賊を退治する。
English: In more complex versions, Tamuramaro marries Akutama, a beautiful oni living in Mt. Suzuka in Ise who practises witchcraft, and with her help, fights against oni leaders named Akuro-O or Otake-O to drive them off to Mutsu (names and details vary).
Japanese: 複雑化した話では、田村麻呂は伊勢の鈴鹿山にいた妖術を使う鬼の美女である悪玉（あくたま）と結婚し、その助けを得て悪路王（あくろおう）や大武王（おおたけおう）のような鬼の頭目を陸奥の辺りまで追って討つ（人名と展開は様々である）。
English: These legends have been collected and reorganized in various forms, such as the storybook "Tamurazoshi", the Noh song "Tamura" and the Joruri (narrative ballad) "Tamura Sandaiki (story about the three generations of the Tamura family)."
Japanese: 諸々の説話を集成・再構成したものとして、『田村草紙』などの物語、謡曲『田村』、奥浄瑠璃『田村三代記』が作られた。
English: There are a number of temples that are believed to have been founded by Tamuramaro scattered throughout the Tohoku Region, mainly in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures.
Japanese: 田村麻呂の創建と伝えられる寺社は、岩手県と宮城県を中心に東北地方に多数分布する。
English: Most of the stories about these temples tell how Tamuramaro succeeded in fighting off barbarians and oni with the help of certain deities (such as the Deity of Mercy) and how he founded these temples to express his gratitude.
Japanese: 大方は、田村麻呂が観音など特定の神仏の加護で蝦夷征討や鬼退治を果たし、感謝してその寺社を建立したというものである。
English: There are also hot springs that are believed to have been discovered by Tamuramaro and even stones that Tamuramaru is believed to have sat on.
Japanese: その他、田村麻呂が見つけた温泉、田村麻呂が休んだ石など様々に付会した物や地が多い。
English: In Seisui-ji Temple in Nagano Prefecture, there is a helmet crest (an important cultural property) that is believed to have been presented by Tamuramaro.
Japanese: 長野県の清水寺には、田村麻呂が奉納したと伝えられる鍬形（重要文化財）がある。
English: Fumimaro KONOE (October 12, 1891 - December 16, 1945) was a Japanese politician.
Japanese: 近衞文麿（このえふみまろ、明治24年（1891年）10月12日-昭和20年（1945年）12月16日）は、日本の政治家。
English: Fumimaro KONOE was born on October 12, 1891, the first son between Prince Atsumaro KONOE and En, the third daughter of Marquess Yoshiyasu MAEDA of the former domain of Kaga, in Kojimachi Ward, Tokyo City (present-day Chiyoda Ward).
Japanese: 近衛文麿は1891年（明治24年）10月12日、公爵近衛篤麿と旧加賀藩で侯爵前田慶寧の三女・衍の間の長男として、東京市麹町区（現千代田区）で生まれた。
English: However, his mother died of illness when he was young, and Atsumaro took En's younger sister, Sada, as his second wife, but Fumimaro did not get along with this step-mother, who was also his aunt.
Japanese: しかし母は文麿が幼いときに病没、篤麿は衍の妹・貞を後妻に迎えるが、文麿はこの叔母にあたる継母とはうまくいかなかった。
English: His father, Atsumaro, was a supporter of Pan-Asianism and was politically active, involved in the founding of groups such as the East Asia Common Culture Society (Toa Dobunkai).
Japanese: 父の篤麿はアジア主義を唱え、東亜同文会を興すなど活発な政治活動を行っていた。
English: Fumimaro became a peer and head of the Konoe family at the age of 12, but he also inherited a large amount of debt that his father left.
Japanese: 文麿は12歳にして襲爵し近衛家の当主となるが、父が残した多額の借金をも相続することになった。
English: Konoe's somewhat shadowy and rebellious temperament was formed during this period, as he himself later reminisced.
Japanese: 近衛の、どことなく陰がある反抗的な気質はこのころに形成された、と後に本人が述懐している。
English: Although it could be said that Saionji had been a political opponent of Atsumaro, he greatly admired Fumimaro's intelligence and willingly supported him. unsparingly.
Japanese: 西園寺は、篤麿とは政敵とも言える状況にあったが、文麿の聡明さは高く評価して援助を惜しまなかった。
English: Later, when he attended the Paris Peace Conference as the chief Japanese delegate after the First World War, he let Konoe accompany him as a secretary.
Japanese: 後に第一次世界大戦後のパリ講和会議に日本全権として参加した際にも近衛を秘書として伴っている。
English: Thus, Fumimaro was influenced more by Saionji's historical origins of Liberalism and its development rather than by his father's Pan-Asianism, but in contrast to Saionji's motive of raising his successor Fumimaro gradually began to show signs of having no fixed principles and a propensity for being captivated by things that were new with short term goals.
Japanese: こうして文麿は、父のアジア主義よりも、西園寺の自由主義歴史的起源とその展開に感化されることとなったが、自らの後継者を育てたいという西園寺の思惑とは裏腹に、文麿は次第に目先の新しいものに目移りする無定見さを見せ始めるようになる。
English: In general, children of the nobility went on to attend Gakushuin High School after graduating from Gakushuin Junior High School, but because he was influenced by Inazo NITOBE, who was the headmaster of Daiichi High School, he went on to attend that school instead.
Japanese: 学習院中等科を修了後、華族の師弟は学習院高等科にそのまま進学するのが通例だが、当時第一高等学校(旧制)の校長であった新渡戸稲造に感化され、一高を受験して進学。
English: After that, he studied philosophy at Tokyo Imperial University (renamed The University of Tokyo after the war), but because he was unsatisfied he transferred to Kyoto Imperial University (renamed Kyoto University after the war) School of Law in order to study under Hajime KAWAKAMI, who was quickly becoming committed to Marxist economics at the time.
Japanese: 続いて東京帝国大学（戦後の東京大学）で哲学を学んだが飽き足らず、高名な経済学者であり、当時急速にマルクス経済学に傾倒しつつあった河上肇に学ぶため、京都帝国大学（戦後の京都大学）法学部に転学した。
English: In 1914, while he was a student, he translated Oscar Wilde's "The Soul of Man Under Socialism" and published it as "Theory of Socialism" in the third "Shin-Shicho" magazine.
Japanese: 在学中の1914年（大正3年）には、第三次『新思潮』に、オスカー・ワイルドの『社会主義下における人間の魂』を翻訳し、「社会主義論」として発表した。
English: While at Tokyo University, he developed close friendships with children of the nobility such as Koichi KIDO (later, Naidaijin or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) and Kumao HARADA (who later became Kimmochi SAIONJI's secretary), both of whom later became active in the political world as members of the 'reformist group of the Imperial court.'
Japanese: なお東大時代には、のちに「宮中革新派」などと呼ばれて政界で活躍する木戸幸一（後に内大臣）や原田熊雄（後に西園寺公望秘書）などの華族の子弟と親交を深めている。
English: In 1916, when he turned 25, he became a hereditary member of the House of Peers as a prince.
Japanese: 1916年（大正5年）、満25歳に達したことにより公爵として世襲である貴族院(日本)議員になる。
English: In 1918, he authored an article, 'Reject Anglo-American-Based Pacifism' in "Japan and the Japanese" magazine.
Japanese: 1918年（大正7年）に、雑誌『日本及日本人』に論文「英米本位の平和主義を排す」を執筆。
English: In 1919, he accompanied Japanese delegate, Kimmochi SAIONJI, to the Paris Peace Conference, broadening his knowledge.
Japanese: 1919年（大正8年）のパリ講和会議には全権西園寺公望に随行し、見聞を広めた。
English: Then, in 1927, he broke away from the old-fashioned study group of his faction and formed the Kayokai faction with KIDO and Iesato TOKUGAWA, establishing a political base in the House of Peers, and at the same time, he gradually broke away from Saionji, becoming a central figure among the House of Peers' reformers.
Japanese: その後、1927年（昭和2年）には旧態依然とした所属会派の研究会_(貴族院)から離脱して木戸・徳川家達らとともに火曜会を結成して貴族院内に政治的な地盤を得るとともに、次第に西園寺から離れて院内革新勢力の中心人物となっていった。
English: Furthermore, in addition to his noble and handsome appearance (he was quite tall for a Japanese of the time) and the fact that he was from the top-ranking Sekke family, he advocated overturning the diplomatic status quo and was popular with the public and was soon being mentioned as a Prime Minister-in-waiting.
Japanese: また摂家筆頭という血筋や、貴公子然とした端正な風貌（当時の日本人にあっては長身であった）に加えて、対英米協調外交に反対する現状打破主義的主張で、大衆的な人気も獲得し、早くから首相待望論が聞かれた。
English: Immediately after the February 26th Incident in 1936, he received an imperial command to succeed Prime Minister Keisuke OKADA, but he declined at the time, using his health as an excuse.
Japanese: 1936年（昭和11年）の二・二六事件直後には岡田啓介首相の後継として初めての大命降下があったが、この時は健康問題を理由に辞退している。
English: There are various theories about the true reasons for his refusal, but according to one theory, he might have realized that the government would be difficult to handle following the defeat of the Army's ultranationalist Kodaha (Imperial Way) faction in the Aizawa Incident and the February 26 Incident that followed it.
Japanese: 辞退の真因に関しては各説あるが、近衛が親近感をもっていた大日本帝国陸軍皇道派の勢力が相沢事件とそれに続く二・二六事件により失墜していたことから、政権運営の困難を感じていたのではないかとの説がある。
English: In June 1937, upon the recommendation of the Genro (elder statesman) SAIONJI, he formed the first Konoe's cabinet, shouldering high expectations from various quarters.
Japanese: 1937年（昭和12年）6月4日に、元老・西園寺の推薦の下で、各界の期待を背に第1次近衛内閣を組織した。
English: Immediately after, he dismayed those around him by granting an amnesty to Communist Party members who had violated the Maintenance of Public Order Law and detainees from the February 26 Incident, justifying his actions as 'an attempt to reconcile the various opinions within the nation.'
Japanese: その直後には、「国内各論の融和を図る」ことを大義名分として、治安維持法違反の共産党員や二・二六事件の逮捕・服役者を大赦しようと主張して、周囲を驚愕させた。
English: This amnesty theory had been advocated by Sadao ARAKI, based on his own theory of national policy, when he was the Minister of the Army but after the February 26 Incident, it began to also imply saving the commissioned officers of the Kodoha faction, and because Konoe was eager to save Jinzaburo MAZAKI, he had shown signs of empathizing with this even before becoming Prime Minister.
Japanese: この大赦論は、荒木貞夫が陸相時代に提唱していたもので、かれ独特の国体論に基づくものであったが、二・二六事件以降は皇道派将校の救済の意味も持つようになり、真崎甚三郎の救済にも熱心だった近衛は、首相就任前からこれに共感を示していた。
English: However, Saionji had been against the theory ever since Araki had begun to advocate it and in the end, the pardon did not take place.
Japanese: しかし、西園寺は、荒木が唱えだした頃からこの論には反対であり、結局、大赦はならなかった。
English: On July 11, the deployment of three divisions of troops from Japan was announced in the 'proclamation of troop dispatch to China,' even though there was an armistice being concluded between Colonel Kyutaro MATSUI, head of the secret service in Peiping (Beijing), and Qin Dechun, Deputy Commander of the 29th Army.
Japanese: 7月11日には現地の松井久太郎大佐（北平特務機関長）と秦徳純（第二十九軍副軍長）との間で停戦協定が締結されたにもかかわらず、内地三個師団を派兵する「北支派兵声明」を発表。
English: On July 26, even though the Army did not request it, the first budget for the Sino-Japanese War of over 97 million yen was approved in the cabinet meeting, and on July 31, the second budget for the Sino-Japanese War of 400 million yen was added.
Japanese: 7月26日には、陸軍が要求していないにも拘らず、9700万円余の第一次北支事変費予算案を閣議決定し、7月31日には4億円超の第二次北支事変費予算を追加した。
English: During this time, he made a peace overture through Song Ziwen, and an agreement was reached between Konoe and CHIANG Kai-shek.
Japanese: この間に宋子文を通じて和平工作を行い、近衛と蒋との間で合意が成立した。
English: Upon receiving a telegraph from the Nationalist Government requesting a special envoy be sent to Nanjing, Konoe consulted with Minister of the Army Hajime SUGIYAMA and approved the dispatching of Ryusuke MIYASAKI to Shanghai.
Japanese: 国民政府側から特使を南京に送って欲しいとの電報が届くと、近衛は杉山元陸相に確認を取り、宮崎龍介を特使として上海に派遣することを決定した。
English: However, hard-liners within the Army, who intercepted the telegraph through the Navy, viewed the situation undesirable, so they dispatched the military police, who restrained Miyazaki at the Port of Kobe and sent him back to Tokyo.
Japanese: ところが海軍を通じてこの電報を傍受した陸軍内の強硬派がこれを好感せず、憲兵を動かして宮崎を神戸港で拘束し東京へ送還してしまう。
English: Sugiyama, who failed to deal with the people involved or even conduct any investigations, gave the impression of having authorized the incident.
Japanese: この件に関して杉山は関係者を一切処分しなかったばかりか、事情聴取すら行わず、結果的に事後了解を与えた形になっていた。
English: To begin with, Sugiyama himself was not able to give a clear account and, from this point onward, Konoe began to distrust Sugiyama.
Japanese: 杉山本人も当初は明解な釈明が能わない有様で、以後近衛は杉山に強い不信感を抱くようになる。
English: On August 15, the Navy launched bombing raids on Nanjing, and at the same time, Konoe announced 'now is the time to take decisive measures.'
Japanese: 8月15日には、海軍による南京市に対する渡洋爆撃を実行し、同時に、「今や断乎たる措置をとる」の声明を発表。
English: On September 2, the cabinet approved changing the official term from 'Hokushi-jihen (Sino-Japanese War)' to 'Shina-jihen (China Incident)', and the theater of operations was expanded.
Japanese: 9月2日には「北支事変」という公式呼称を「支那事変」と変更を閣議決定し、戦域を拡大した。
English: On September 10, a special accounting law of extraordinary military spending was officially announced, the 'Shina-jihen (China Incident)' was declared a full-scale war, similar to the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War, and Kanji ISHIWARA, Head of Operations at Staff Headquarters and a member of the nonaggression faction was ousted.
Japanese: 9月10日には、臨時軍事費特別会計法が公布され、「支那事変」が日清戦争、日露戦争、第一次世界大戦と同列の戦争と決定され、不拡大派の石原莞爾参謀本部作戦部長が失脚。
English: On January 11 of the following year, 1938, the Imperial Conference approved a basic policy for dealing with the Sino-Japanese War, which involved seeking peace mediated by Germany (Trautmann Mediation).
Japanese: 翌1938年（昭和13年）1月11日には、御前会議で支那事変処理根本方針が決定され、ドイツの仲介による講和（トラウトマン工作）を求める方針だった。
English: However, the termination of peace negotiations was approved in the cabinet meeting on January 14, and on January 16, a proclamation to 'ignore after-the-fact Nationalist Government' was announced both inside and outside the nation, ending any opportunities for peace.
Japanese: しかし、1月14日に和平交渉の打切りを閣議決定し、1月16日に「爾後國民政府ヲ對手トセズ」の声明を国内外に発表し、講和の機会を閉ざした。
English: Moreover, Wang Zhaoming founded his pro-Japanese administration, thwarting the personal peace operation of Kanji ISHIWARA.
Japanese: 更に、汪兆銘政権を樹立し、石原莞爾らの独自和平工作を完全に阻止した。
English: On May 5, with the enactment of the National Mobilization Act and the Government Control of Power Act and the introduction of wartime economics, Japan entered a period of national socialization.
Japanese: 5月5日には、支那事変のためとして、国家総動員法や電力国家管理法を成立させ、経済の戦時体制を導入し、日本の国家社会主義化が開始された。
English: The National Mobilization Act and the Government Control of Power Act were both imitations of the Soviet Union's First Five-Year Plan.
Japanese: なお、国家総動員法や電力国家管理法は、ソビエト連邦の第一次五ヶ年計画の模倣である。
English: The Elementary Schools Edict that was enacted 3 years later in 1941, introduced an educational system that mimicked Nazi Germany's Folks Schule (Grand School).
Japanese: 3年後の1941年（昭和16年）に制定された国民学校令は、ナチス率いる当時のドイツのフォルクスシューレを模倣した教育制度である。
English: Around this time, Konoe successfully ousted Sugiyama after laying the groundwork with Army Staff Office General Secretary Kaninnomiya.
Japanese: この頃に近衛は、閑院宮陸軍参謀総長らに根回しをすることで杉山の更迭を成功させた。
English: Therefore, he decided to pick Seishiro ITAGAKI, who had the support of the nonaggression faction, and dispatched a civilian, Inosuke FURUNO, as a messenger to Itagaki, who was at the frontline in Shandong Province.
Japanese: そこで不拡大派の支持があった板垣征四郎を迎えることを決意し、山東省の最前線にいた板垣への使者として民間人の古野伊之助を派遣している。
English: Since during this cabinet reshuffle, most of those who became cabinet members were ones that the Army fringe and the nonaggression faction, including Kanji ISHIWARA, had in mind, it can be considered that there was an intention to suppress the military, but in the end, Itagaki was unsuccessful and regarded as a 'puppet.'
Japanese: この時期の内閣改造では、陸軍の非主流派や不拡大派の石原莞爾らが、以前閣僚にと考えていた人たちが主に入閣し、これにより軍部を抑える考えがあったものとされるが、板垣は結局「傀儡」となり失敗した。
English: Konoe also asked Kazushige UGAKI to be Foreign Minister, but he failed to adequately support Ugaki's peace overtures.
Japanese: この際に近衛は、宇垣一成を外相に迎えたが、宇垣の和平工作を十分に助けようとしなかった。
English: Ugaki resigned in September, frustrated about this and also about Konoe's attempt to establish the Koain (the East Asia Development Board).
Japanese: 宇垣はこれに不満を覚え、また近衛が興亜院を設置しようとしたこともあり、9月に辞任した。
English: In August, he tried to form the Dainihon Party centered on the Shakai-taishu Party with Hisashi ASO as the chief clerk, but abandoned the plan, judging that it was premature.
Japanese: 8月には、麻生久を書記長とする社会大衆党を中心として、大日本党の結成を目指したが、時期尚早とみて中止した。
English: Konoe was succeeded by former Chairman of the Privy Council, Kiichiro HIRANUMA, but with the Minister of Law (and Minister of Communications and Transportation), the Internal Minister, the Foreign Minister, the Minister of Commerce (and Minister of the Colonies), the Minister of the Navy and the Minister of the Army remaining in office, and Konoe himself joining the Privy Council and becoming a minister without portfolio), Hiranuma's cabinet appeared the same as Konoe's with just a different head.
Japanese: 近衛の後を承けたのは前枢密院議長の平沼騏一郎だったが、平沼内閣には近衛内閣から法相（兼逓相）、文相、内相、外相、商工相（兼拓務相）、海相、陸相の七閣僚が留任したうえ、枢密院に転じた近衛自身も班列としてこれに名を連ねたため、あたかも首をすげ替えただけの様相を呈すことになった。
English: When the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact was concluded on August 23, Hiranuma, who had been seeking an alliance with Germany with the goal of preventing communism, was shocked and resigned from the Prime Minister's position, leaving the following words of nonsense, 'the whole of Europe is messed up beyond all recognition.'
Japanese: 8月23日に独ソ不可侵条約が締結されると、防共を目的としたドイツとの同盟を模索していた平沼は衝撃を受け、「欧州の天地は複雑怪奇」という迷言を残して内閣総辞職した。
English: One week later, World War II started when Germany invaded Poland, and in response England and France declared war against Germany.
Japanese: その一週間後にはドイツがポーランドに侵攻、これを受けてイギリスやフランスがドイツに宣戦布告したことで第二次世界大戦が始る。
English: After Hiranuma, Nobuyuki ABE from the Army and Mitsumasa YONAI from the Navy each held office for a short time, and Konoe, during this period, focused on adding details to the framework of his new political party.
Japanese: 平沼の後は陸軍出身の阿部信行と海軍出身の米内光政がそれぞれ短期間政権を担当したが、この間の近衛は新党構想の肉付けに専念した。
English: On May 26, 1940, he wrote the 'Memorandum on Forming a New Political Party' with Koichi KIDO and Yoriyasu ARIMA.
Japanese: 1940年（昭和15年）5月26日には、木戸幸一や有馬頼寧と共に、「新党樹立に関する覚書」を作成。
English: Again, he aimed to set up a totalitarian party, modeled on the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the National Socialist German Workers Party (the Nazi Party).
Japanese: 再度、ソビエト連邦共産党や国家社会主義ドイツ労働者党をモデルにした独裁政党の結成を目指した。
English: While Germany's advance continued unchecked in Europe, momentum was also rising within Japan 'not to miss the bus.'
Japanese: 欧州でドイツが破竹の進撃を続けるなか、国内でも「バスに乗り遅れるな」という機運が高まっていた。
English: Emperor Showa, concerned about these events, strongly backed Yonai, who was known as 'a Navy man of good sense,' to form a cabinet, but the Army had no reason to support this.
Japanese: これを憂慮した昭和天皇が「海軍の良識派」として知られる米内を特に推して組閣させたという経緯があったのだが、陸軍がそれを好感する道理がなかった。
English: Less than six months later, the Army demanded that the government form an alliance with Germany and Italy.
Japanese: 半年も経たない頃から、陸軍は政府に日独伊三国同盟の締結を執拗に要求。
English: When Yonai refused, the Army made the Minister of the Army, Shunroku HATA, resign without providing a successor, and the cabinet members resigned en masse.
Japanese: 米内がこれを拒否すると、陸軍は陸軍大臣の畑俊六を辞任させて後任を出さず、内閣は総辞職した。
English: However, 'the last Genro' Saionji refused to recommend Konoe as the head of the cabinet.
Japanese: この際、「最後の元老」であった西園寺は近衛を首班として推薦することを断っている。
English: Having worked steadily on the preparations for the framework of the new political party, Konoe, who was about to face a long-awaited comeback, held the 'Ogikubo Meeting' at Tekigaiso, his private residence in Ogikubo, on July 19, just before presenting the list of cabinet ministers, and he agreed with new cabinet members Yosuke MATSUOKA (Foreign Minister), Zengo YOSHIDA (Minister of the Navy) and Hideki TOJO (Minister of the Army) to work toward the founding of a 'new order in East Asia.'
Japanese: 新党構想などの準備を着々と整え、満を持しての再登板に望むことになった近衛は、閣僚名簿奉呈直前の7月19日、荻窪の私邸･荻外荘でいわゆる「荻窪会談」を行い、入閣することになっていた松岡洋右（外相）、吉田善吾（海相）、東条英機（陸相）と「東亜新秩序」の建設邁進で合意している。
English: On July 26, the 'basic outline of national policy' was approved by the cabinet, and the 'plan to establish, based on the spirit of the Imperial Way, the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere, of which Japan, Manchuria and China form one part' (from a discourse by Matsuoka Foreign Minister) was announced.
Japanese: 7月26日に「基本国策要綱」を閣議決定し、「皇道の大精神に則りまづ日満支をその一環とする大東亜共栄圏の確立をはかる」（松岡外相の談話）構想を発表。
English: As the new order movement developed, all political parties were made to disband, and with the August 15th dissolution of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Minseito), the last political party in Japan disappeared and parliamentary democracy came to an end.
Japanese: 新体制運動を展開し、全政党を自主的に解散させ、8月15日の民政党の解散をもって、日本に政党が存在しなくなり、議会制民主主義は死を迎えた。
English: At the same time however, due to the 'criticism of the Bakufu (feudal government),' which said that one-party rule was incompatible with Japanese politics, and the Association's position at the core political activities remaining unclear, totalitarianism failed to become established and on October 12, at the inauguration ceremony of Taisei-Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association), he abandoned the new order movement saying 'neither the program or proclamation is necessary.'
Japanese: しかし、一党独裁は日本の国体に相容れないとする「幕府批判論」もあって、会は政治運動の中核体という曖昧な地位に留まり、独裁政党の結成には至らず、10月12日に大政翼賛会の発足式で「綱領も宣言も不要」と新体制運動を投げ出した。