nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1353, Daichi went to Kazusa, Hizen Province (present day Kazusa Town, Minamishimabara City, Nagasaki Prefecture) accepting the invitation from Sumiyo ARIMA and founded Entsu-ji Temple on Mt. Suigetsu.
Japanese: 1353年（正平8年/文和2年）には有馬澄世の招きにより肥前国加津佐（現長崎県南島原市加津佐町）に赴き、水月山円通寺を創建。
English: Ensai (year of birth unknown – 877) was a priest of the Tendaishu sect of the early Heian period.
Japanese: 円載（えんさい、生年不詳－元慶元年（877年））は、平安時代前期の天台宗の僧。
English: From his childhood, he studied under Saicho, the founder of the Nihon (Japanese) Tendaishu sect, and in 838 went to Tang (China) bearing with him 50 questions on the doctrine of the Tendaishu sect raised by Tendai zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), Encho.
Japanese: 幼い頃から日本天台宗の祖最澄に師事し、838年（承和(日本)5年）天台座主円澄の天台宗義に関する疑問50条を携えて唐に渡った。
English: He obtained Toketsu (a collection of questions on Tendai doctrine posed by Japanese Tendai monks with answers by Chinese Tiantai masters) from Koshu and Iken of Mt. Tendai (Mt. Tiantai) and sent it to Japan through his disciple, Ninko.
Japanese: 天台山広修・維蠲（いけん）の「唐決」を得て弟子の仁好（にんこう）に託して日本に送った。
English: Remaining in Tang even after that, with his scholarship he accepted becoming a believer in Buddhism by Xuanzong (Tang Dynasty), and in 855 he received kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor) along with Enchin from Hazzen of Qinglongsi Temple of Changan.
Japanese: その後も唐に残り学識を持って宣宗(唐)の帰依を受け、また、855年（斉衡2年）円珍とともに長安青龍寺法全（はっぜん）から灌頂を受けた。
English: Besides, while he stayed in Tang he encountered persecution of Buddhists in the Huichang era, and as well as other priests he was forced to return to secular life and even had a wife and children.
Japanese: なお、唐滞在中に会昌の廃仏に遭遇し、他の多くの僧と同様に強制的に還俗させられており、妻子も持った。
English: Ennin who stayed in Tang during the same period was also forced to return to secular life (it was just before his return to Japan that Ennin took the tonsure again).
Japanese: 同時期に唐に滞在していた円仁も同様に還俗させられている（円仁が再度剃髪したのは帰国する直前のことであった）。
English: Kogosho, vajra in Sanskrit, is a ritual object in Esoteric Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism.
Japanese: 金剛杵(こんごうしょ)、サンスクリットヴァジュラ・ヴァジラ()は、密教やチベット仏教における法具である。
English: It became a ritual object by comparing the way Buddha's teachings destroy earthly desires and reveal aspiration for Buddhahood (mind seeking for enlightenment) to a weapon in Indian mythology.
Japanese: 仏の教えが煩悩を滅ぼして菩提心(悟りを求める心)を表す様を、インド神話上の武器に譬えて法具としたものである。
English: Basically it has a stick shape with a grip in the center, and spear-shaped edges at the top and the bottom of the grip.
Japanese: 基本的な形は棒状で、中央に柄があり、その上下に槍状の刃が付いている。
English: There are some variations with different numbers and shapes of the edges, each of which has its own name.
Japanese: 刃の数や形によっていくつかのバリエーションがあり、それぞれ固有の名称をもつ。
English: As shown in its Chinese name of '金剛杵' (diamond and pestle), it is made of kongo (a very hard metal or a diamond) and wields thunder.
Japanese: 「金剛杵」の漢名どおり、金剛（非常に硬い金属、もしくはダイヤモンド）でできており、雷を操る。
English: Although imported goods were used in older times, domestic ones have increased since the Heian period and today few imports are used in Japanese temples.
Japanese: 古くは輸入して用いられていたが、平安時代以降は国産の物が増え、今日日本の寺院において輸入品が用いられることはほとんどない。
English: Myoitsu (728 - April 21, 798) was a Buddhist monk from the Nara period to the early Heian period.
Japanese: 明一（みょういつ、神亀5年（728年）-延暦17年3月27日(旧暦)（798年4月21日））は、奈良時代から平安時代前期にかけての僧。
English: In 753, he served as an instructor in a sutra Urabonkyo at Todai-ji Temple, and in 780, he served as an instructor of the Yuimae, a religious service.
Japanese: 753年（天平勝宝4年）東大寺盂蘭盆経の講師を、また780年（宝亀11年）には維摩会の講師をつとめた。
English: When Gyoga returned from Tang in 782, he questioned Gyoga about the sect's doctrine and criticized his studies severely.
Japanese: 延暦初年に行賀が唐から帰国した際に、宗議を問い質し行賀の学を痛罵した。
English: The reason for this is said to be that, having stayed in Tang for over 30 years, Gyoga was unable to make himself understood in Japanese.
Japanese: しかしこれは、行賀が30年余り唐にいたことから日本語を忘れてしまったからだといわれている。
English: Around this period, Myoitsu operated Todaiji Temple as a high-ranked monk called Joza among the administrative positions called Sango, and in 794, he served as one of monks called Shokushu to take part in the memorial service of the main building Konponchudo in Mount Hiei.
Japanese: この頃三綱のうちの上座として東大寺の運営にあたり、794年（延暦13年）には比叡山根本中堂供養の職衆をつとめている。
English: Shingyo (935 - December 7, 1004) was a Buddhist monk of the Hosso and Shingon sects during the middle Heian period.
Japanese: 真興（しんぎょう、承平(日本)5年（935年）-寛弘元年10月23日(旧暦)（1004年12月7日））は、平安時代中期の法相・真言宗の僧。
English: He studied the Hosso doctrine under a monk Chuzan of Kofukuji Temple, and later he received the sacred teachings of Buddha from a monk Ninga in Yoshino.
Japanese: 興福寺仲算（ちゅうざん）に法相教学を学び、のち吉野の仁賀（にんが）から密教の法を受けた。
English: At first, he lived in Tsubosakadera Temple, and then in Kojimadera Temple, and built Kangakuji Temple in the precinct of Kojimadera Temple and established esoteric Buddhism Tomitsu Kojima line.
Japanese: 初め壺坂寺に、その後子嶋寺に住して寺内に観覚寺を創建し、東密子島流を開いた。
English: In 1003, he served as an instructor of the Yuimae, a religious service, at Kofukuji Temple and in the next year 1004, he was appointed an administrative position Gonrisshi in recognition of the services, but he declined the appointment.
Japanese: 1003年（長保5年）興福寺維摩会の講師をつとめ、翌1004年（長保6年）この功により権律師に任じられたが真興はこれを辞退している。
English: During this period, he prayed for recovery of Emperor Ichijo from his illness, and conferred upon Kojimadera Temple Ryokai Mandara.
Japanese: この間、一条天皇の病気平癒を祈願し、子島寺両界曼荼羅図を賜ったという。
English: In 1004, he served as an instructor in Gosaie (the New Year lecture on sutra at the Imperial Palace), and was appointed an administrative position Gonshosozu, and on June 19, 1004, he died at the age of 71.
Japanese: 寛弘元年（1004年）に御斎会の講師を務めて権少僧都に補されたが、同年5月23日に71歳で入滅した。
English: Genjo, or Gensei (1303 - January 12, 1359) was a military commander and a Buddhist monk in Tendai sect during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 源盛（げんじょう/げんせい、嘉元元年（1303年）-正平(日本)13年/延文3年12月13日(旧暦)（1359年1月12日））は、南北朝時代(日本)の武将・天台宗の僧。
English: When his older brother Nagatoshi escaped from Iki Province and raised an army while sheltering Emperor Daigo in Mt. Senjo in Hoki Province in February and March 1333, Genjo joined the army by leading monk soldiers in Daisenji Temple and others.
Japanese: 1333年（元弘3年）閏2月に兄長年が壱岐国を脱出した後醍醐天皇を伯耆国船上山に要して挙兵すると、大山寺の衆徒などを率いてこれに加わった。
English: Genjo distinguished himself in attacking the Rokuhara tandai, the headquarters of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Kyoto under the command of Chujun CHIKUSA.
Japanese: 千種忠順に属して鎌倉幕府の京都における拠点六波羅の攻略に軍功を上げた。
English: Later, when Akioki NAWA, who was a real son of Motonaga NAWA, the second son of Nagatoshi, and adopted by Yoshitaka NAWA, the heir of Nagatoshi, went down to Yashiro no sho in Higo Province where Akioki served as an estate steward, Genjo supported Akioki and worked under the command of Prince Kanenaga (also known as Kaneyoshi), the Southern Court military commander for western Japan.
Japanese: その後、地頭職であった肥後国八代荘に下った長年の嫡男名和義高の養子名和顕興（実父は長年の次男名和基長）を補佐し、征西将軍宮懐良親王に属して活動した。
English: Nyoho (731 - February 19, 815) was a Ritsu sect monk from China through the Nara period to the Heian period.
Japanese: 如宝（にょほう、天平3年（731年）-弘仁6年1月7日(旧暦)（815年2月19日））は、奈良時代から平安時代にかけての律宗の渡来僧。
English: He studied under a Chinese Ritsu sect monk Ganjin, came to Japan with him in 754, and was ordained as a Buddhist priest by receiving the commandments of Buddhism at the ordination hall of Todaij Temple.
Japanese: 唐の律宗の僧鑑真に師事し、鑑真とともに754年（天平勝宝6年）日本へ来朝し、東大寺戒壇院で受戒している。
English: He had once lived in Yakushiji (in present Shimotsuke City), and after the death of Ganjin, he returned to Toshodaiji Temple and lived there at the request of Ganjin, and worked for constructing the temple cathedral and exalting Ritsu sect.
Japanese: 一時薬師寺(下野市)に住したこともあるが、鑑真の死によりその委嘱によって唐招提寺に戻ってそこに住し、伽藍の造営と律宗の高揚に尽力した。
English: In 797, he was appointed Risshi, an administrative position, and in 806, appointed as Shosozu, another administrative position.
Japanese: 797年（延暦16年）に律師、806年（大同(日本)元年）に少僧都に任じられた。
English: According to the Obituary of "Nihonkoki"(Later Chronicle of Japan), he followed religious precept and was a man of dignified presence.
Japanese: 「日本後紀」の卒伝によれば、戒律を厳守し、大国の風格があったという。
English: Ryoken (1611 - April 18, 1687) was a Shingishingon sect monk during the early Edo period.
Japanese: 亮賢（りょうけん、慶長16年（1611年）-貞享4年3月7日(旧暦)（1687年4月18日））は、江戸時代前期の新義真言宗の僧。
English: It is commonly believed that Ryoken, who was renowned for fortune-telling, divined the future of Otama no kata (later Keishoin) who were to be a concubine of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and prophesied that she would give birth to the fifth shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 卜筮（ぼくぜい）の名声が高く、後に3代将軍徳川家光の側室となるお玉の方（後の桂昌院）を占って、5代将軍徳川綱吉を産むことを予言したという俗説がある。
English: In 1681, he was ordered to found Gokoku-ji Temple as a prayer temple of Keishoin by Tsunayoshi.
Japanese: 1681年（天和(日本)元年）綱吉から桂昌院の祈願寺である護国寺の開山を命じられた。
English: Dosho (April 2, 798 - March 20, 875) was a Buddhist monk during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 道昌（どうしょう、延暦17年3月8日(旧暦)（798年4月2日）-貞観(日本)17年2月9日(旧暦)（875年3月20日））は、平安時代前期の僧。
English: In 818, he was ordained as a Buddhist priest by receiving the commandments of Buddhism at Todaiji Temple, and in 828, he studied Shingon Mikkyo, a form of Esoteric Buddhism, from Kukai at Jingoji Temple (or Toji Temple) and underwent the ritual of consecration.
Japanese: 818年（弘仁9年）東大寺で受戒した後、828年（天長5年）神護寺（あるいは東寺）で空海に真言密教を学び灌頂を受けた。
English: Thereafter, he served as an instructor and officiating priest at various religious services including the Yuimae at Kofukuji Temple, and during the Showa era (834 - 848), he reconstructed the Oigawa River embankment, thereby called a second Gyoki.
Japanese: 以後、興福寺維摩会など様々な法会の講師や導師をつとめ、承和(日本)年間（834年－848年）には大堰川の堤防を改築するなど行基の再来と称された。
English: During this period, in 836, he successively served as the chief administrator of Koryuji Temple and Ryujoji Temple.
Japanese: またこの間、836年（承和3年）には広隆寺別当・隆城寺別当を歴任している。
English: In 864, he was appointed Gonrisshi, an administrative position, four years later as Risshi, a higher administrative position and in 874 up to Shosozu.
Japanese: 864年（貞観6年）権律師に任じられ4年後に律師となり、874年（貞観16年）には少僧都までいたった。
English: In the same year, he restored Saga Fujiidera Temple and renamed it Horinji Temple (Saikyo Ward in Kyoto) and became the Restoration patriarch.
Japanese: さらに同じ年嵯峨葛井寺（ふじいでら）を再興して法輪寺(京都市西京区)と改め、中興開山となった。
English: The emperor asked him 'Which is the greater sin: the taking of life by a sovereign or the taking of life by a retainer?'
Japanese: 天皇より「君主の殺生と臣下の殺生のどちらが罪が重いのか？」と尋ねた。
English: Dosho answered, 'The sovereign is more sinful because he kills animals for his luxury, but some retainers are forced to kill animals for making their living.
Japanese: 道昌は「君主は己の贅沢のために殺生を行うためにその罪は重いが、臣下の中には生活のためにやむを得ず殺生を行う者もいる。
English: Based on his answer, the emperor lived in frugality and forbade the taking of life for luxury, and relaxed Santaku no Kin to permit the poor and needy to make their living by hunting and fishing ("Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku" "Genkoshakusho".)
Japanese: 天皇はこれを聞いて倹約を行うとともに贅沢のための殺生を戒める一方で、山沢の禁を緩めて貧しい者が狩漁によって食を得ることを許したという（『日本三代実録』『元亨釈書』）。
English: Later, when Prince Tsunesada, a son of Emperor Junna, was disinherited in the Jowa incident and took the tonsure, Dosho made him his disciple.
Japanese: 後に道昌は淳和天皇の皇子で承和の変で廃太子となった恒貞親王が出家した際に弟子としている。
English: Dosen (ca. 797 - ca. April 2, 873) was a Sanron sect Buddhist monk during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 道詮（どうせん、延暦16年（797年）？－貞観_(日本)15年3月2日(旧暦)（873年4月2日）？）は、平安時代前期の三論宗の僧。
English: In 854, he served as an instructor in a religious service Saishoe held at the Council Hall in the Imperial Palace, in 857, served as the head priest at the Buddhist ceremony in the imperial presence 'Gozen Rongi', and in 864, he was appointed as Gonrisshi, an administrative position, and later promoted to a higher position Risshi.
Japanese: 854年（斉衡元年）に大極殿での最勝会講師、857年（天安(日本)元年）に御前論議座主をつとめ、864年（貞観6年）には権律師に任じられ、その後律師に昇任している。
English: He respected Taishi SHOTOKU (574 - 622) so much that he restored the main hall Yumedono of Horyuji Temple and worked for promoting education in Horyuji Temple.
Japanese: 聖徳太子（574年－622年）を尊崇して法隆寺夢殿を再興し、法隆寺の学問振興に力を注いだ。
English: He had 11 sons, including Mitsunaga HENMI, Nobuyoshi TAKEDA, Tomitsu KAGAMI, Yoshisada YASUDA and Yoshinari ASARI.
Japanese: 逸見光長・武田信義・加賀美遠光・安田義定・浅利義成ら11人の男子がある。
English: His father Yoshikiyo, who was the second son of Yoshimitsu, was based in Takeda district in Naka County, Hitachi Province (Takeda, former Katsuta City, now Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Prefecture) and bore the title Takeda kaja.
Japanese: 義光の次男であった父の義清は常陸国那珂郡武田郷（茨城県ひたちなか市、旧勝田市武田）を本拠とし武田冠者を称していた。
English: In 1130, Kiyomitsu clashed with the Satake clan (family related to his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshinari) and was banished along with his father by the Imperial Count to Ichikawasho in Yatsushiro-gun, Kai Province (former Nishiyatsushiro district, Ichikawa Misato-cho, Yamanashi Prefecture), according to Choshuki (diary of MINAMOTO no Morotoki) and "Sonpi-bunmyaku," an ancient record of family lineages.
Japanese: 大治(日本)5年（1130年）、清光は一族の佐竹氏（伯父源義業の系統）と争い、朝廷より父とともに常陸から追放され、甲斐国八代郡(甲斐国)市河荘に（山梨県市川三郷町、旧西八代郡市川大門町）へ流罪となる（源師時の日記『長秋記』、『尊卑分脈』による）。
English: Kiyomitsu and his father set up their home in Heienji (also reported to be Saijo, Showa-cho, Naka-koma district), where Yoshikiyo expanded his power as shokan official for the region.
Japanese: 清光親子は平塩岡に館を構え（館は中巨摩郡昭和町西条とも）、義清は同荘の荘官として勢力を拡張する。
English: Kiyomitsu went into Henmiso in the northwestern part of Kai Province (present Hokuto City, former Kita-koma district).
Japanese: 清光は甲斐国北西部（現在の北杜市、旧北巨摩郡域）の逸見荘へ進出し、逸見冠者を称する。
English: Kiyomitsu did not participate in the strifes in central government, such as the Hogen War and Heiji War in which the Genji clan was involved, but built his strength in Kai Province.
Japanese: 清光は保元の乱や平治の乱など源氏の一族も関わっている中央の争乱には参加せず、甲斐国での勢力拡大に務めた。
English: Located in the southern foothill of Yatsugatake, Henmiso had Henmi-no-maki, a livestock grazing land for ancient officials, spreading in the area, and Kiyomitsu settled in present Seikoji Temple area (Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto City) (alleged otherwise to be located at Wakamiko, Sudama-cho, Hokuto City) and built Yato Castle (Oizumi Village, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture) as tsume-no-shiro, a retreat and backup castle.
Japanese: 八ヶ岳南麓の逸見荘は古代官牧逸見牧が発達しており、現在の清光寺域（北杜市長坂町）に館を構え（北杜市須玉町若神子とも）、詰城として谷戸城（北杜市大泉村(山梨県)）を築城したという。
English: The descendants of Kiyomitsu scattered in various parts of the Kofu basin and founded various families of the Kai-Genji clan, bearing the local geographical names as their family names; Henmi clan, Takeda clan, Kagami clan, Yasuda clan and Asari clan.
Japanese: 清光の子孫らは甲府盆地の各地へ進出し、各地域の地名を姓とし逸見氏・武田氏・加賀美氏・安田氏・浅利氏といった甲斐源氏の諸支族の祖となった。
English: The Takeda family, which is later to become the central force in the Kai-Genji clan, reportedly had the name first claimed by his father Yoshikiyo in Hitachi Province (according to "The History of Katsuta City" by Junichi SHIDA, although there is room for further study) and was used by Kiyomitsu's son Nobuyoshi, the founder of Kai-Takeda clan, to mark his genpuku, the attainment of manhood ceremony, which was held at Takeda Hachimangu Shrine (Nirasaki City, Yamanashi Prefecture).
Japanese: 武田氏は後に甲斐源氏の中心氏族となるが、武田姓の名乗りに関しては父の義清は常陸国において既に名乗っていたと言われ（志田諄一『勝田市史』、検討の余地も指摘される）、甲斐武田氏の祖となる清光の子信義が武田八幡宮（山梨県韮崎市）において元服した際に称したと言われる。
English: However, it has been reported that there are no traces of Kiyomitsu, who used the Henmi name, to have used the Takeda name, and the Takeda name was reportedly handed down to Nobuyoshi, the grandson of Yoshikiyo.
Japanese: だが、清光に関しては逸見姓を名乗り武田を称した形跡のないことが指摘され、義清の孫にあたる信義が継承したと考えられている。
English: The Henmi clan that was inherited by Mitsunaga is believed to have declined with the rise of the Takeda clan under Nobuyoshi, and its direct descendants remain unknown, despite evidences of activities by branch families.
Japanese: 光長に継承された逸見氏は信義の武田氏が躍進して衰退したと考えられているが、その後は支族の動向が確認できるものの直系に関しては不明とされている。
English: Meihosotetsu (1277 - May 5, 1350) was a Soto sect Buddhist monk from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 明峰素哲（めいほうそてつ、建治3年（1277年）-観応元年/正平(日本)5年3月28日(旧暦)（1350年5月5日））は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての曹洞宗の僧。
English: He at first took the tonsure and was ordained as a Buddhist priest by receiving the commandments of Buddhism at Mt. Hiei, then moved to Kenninji Temple in Kamakura and further, visited Keizan Jokin at Daijoji Temple in Kaga Province to become a disciple of Jokin.
Japanese: 当初比叡山に上って出家して受戒したが、その後鎌倉建仁寺に移り、さらに加賀国大乗寺に瑩山紹瑾をたずねてその門下となった。
English: Later, he practiced Zen meditation under Kyoou Unryo in Dentoji Temple in Kaga Province, served as the chief priest at Taijoji Temple and Yokoji Temple successively, and founded Kozenji Temple in Ecchu Province to become the first head priest there.
Japanese: その後加賀国伝燈寺の恭翁運良に参禅し、大乗寺・永光寺の住持を歴任した後、越中国の光禅寺を創建して第1世となった。
English: Joe (writes; 定恵) (643 - Feb. 2, 666) was a scholar monk in the Asuka period.
Japanese: 定恵（じょうえ、皇極天皇2年（643年）-天智天皇4年12月23日(旧暦)（666年2月2日））は、飛鳥時代の学僧。
English: Previous to entering into Buddhist priesthood, his secular name was 'NAKATOMI no Mahito' and had a brother named FUJIWARA no Fuhito.
Japanese: 出家前の俗名は「中臣真人（なかとみのまひと）」、弟に藤原不比等がいる。
English: He returned to Japan in September 665, traveling through Baekje in the Korean Peninsula but died in December of the same year (at Ohara, Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 665年（天暦年）9月、朝鮮半島の百済を経て日本に帰国したが、同年12月大原（現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村小原）で亡くなった。
English: The Nakatomi clan from which the Fujiwara clan emerged had been involved in religious affairs and had produced strong opponents of Introduction of Buddhism, such as NAKATOMI no Kamako and NAKATOMI no Katsumi.
Japanese: 藤原氏の前身である「中臣氏」は神祇に関わり、仏教伝来に際しては中臣鎌子、中臣勝海らの強硬な反対者を出している。
English: With his father Kamatari a senior retainer in the Imperial Court at that time, the fact that his eldest son entered into Buddhist priesthood was a scandal unheard of in the past, considering that the fervently Buddhist Soga clan did not have any Buddhist priests in the clan.
Japanese: しかも鎌足は当時の重臣であり、その長男である人物が出家するというのは、熱心な仏教信者として知られる蘇我氏においてもなかった前代未聞の事態であった。
English: There are many theories regarding this, such as there is a mystery related to Joe's birth, or being priest gained him a priority to take part in the mission to Tang, however the argument still has not met a settlement.
Japanese: これに関しては定恵の出生に関わる謎がある、或いは僧侶になった方が唐留学に優位であった、等の意見があるが、未だ定説を見ない。
English: Ryochu (August 20, 1199 - August 16, 1287) was a Jodo sect Buddhist monk during the middle of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 良忠（りょうちゅう、正治元年7月27日(旧暦)（1199年8月20日）-弘安10年7月6日(旧暦)（1287年8月16日））は、鎌倉時代中期の浄土宗の僧。
English: He entered Enjoji Temple (Mitsuidera Temple) and Gakuenji Temple in Izumo Province, and studied the doctrines of the Jodo sect, Tendai sect, Shingon sect, and Hosso sect.
Japanese: 園城寺（三井寺）・出雲国鰐淵寺に入り、浄土・天台宗・真言・法相宗法相の各教学を修めた。
English: In 1236, he became a disciple of Bencho who was a disciple of Honen, and in 1240, he received the devotion of Tsunetoki HOJO, a chief retainer of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and founded Rengeji Temple (present Komyoji Temple) in Kamakura.
Japanese: 1236年（嘉禎2年）法然の弟子である弁長の弟子となり、1240年（仁治元年）幕府の重臣北条経時の帰依を受けて鎌倉に蓮華寺（現在の光明寺(鎌倉市)）を創建した。
English: Daikaku (1297 - May 5, 1364) was a Nichiren sect Buddhist monk during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 大覚（だいかく、永仁5年（1297年）-貞治3年/正平(日本)19年4月3日(旧暦)（1364年5月5日））は、南北朝時代(日本)の日蓮宗の僧。
English: It is said that he was a descendant from the Konoe family and had been a Shingon sect monk at first, but later converted to Nichiren sect and studied under Nichizo.
Japanese: 近衛家の出と言われ、初めは真言宗の僧であったが、後に日蓮宗に改宗して日像に師事した。
English: He mainly propagated Nichiren sect Buddhism from 'Kinai' that consisted of Yamashiro, Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, and Settsu provinces, through "Saigoku", the west of Kinai, and in 1358, he was appointed Daisojo, the highest rank in Japanese Buddhism.
Japanese: 主に畿内から西国にかけて布教を行い、1358年（正平13年・延文3年）には、大僧正に任じられた。
English: Docho is an identification card issued by a state organization to a priest or a nun who has newly entered the priesthood, in the system of entrance into the priesthood that is officially recognized by the state.
Japanese: 度牒（どちょう）は、国家公認の得度に際して、国家機関によって新たに得度した僧尼に交付される身分証のことである。
English: In China, since priests were given the privilege of exemption from yoeki (corvee under the Ritsuryo system [a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code]), some people became priests in order to avoid the yoeki.
Japanese: 中国では僧人に対して徭役免除の特権が付与されたため、徭役逃れのための出家者を見るようになった。
English: It then became necessary for the national authority to implement limitation and regulation by measures including quotas on people who were to become priests or to enter the priesthood (nenbundo-sha [approved people who enter the Buddhist priesthood]).
Japanese: それで、国家権力として、出家や得度に定数を決定するなどの施策によって、その制限・規制を行なう必要が出てきた（年分度者）。
English: Thus, the state strengthened the regulation by compiling a registry of officially recognized priests and the same time issued Docho official certificates as certificates of priesthood with official government permission.
Japanese: よって、国家として公認した僧人を僧籍に編成することによって、その規制を強化し、同時に公許の僧人であることの証明書としての度牒を発給したのである。
English: However, this institution became only a nominal existence because of the social upheaval after the Anshi War.
Japanese: しかし、安史の乱を境に、社会が激変したことによって、この制度も有名無実化への道をたどる。
English: During the period of the Northern Sung Dynasty, a number of so-called 'empty-title official certificates' started being sold, which contained no description of the names of people entering the priesthood.
Japanese: 北宋代には、得度した者の名を記していない「空名度牒」なるものが大量に出売されるようになった。
English: Thus, even a total lay person, who was not a trainee entering the priesthood, was then able to enjoy the interests as a priest by buying this Docho official certificate (baicho [sale of official certificate]).
Japanese: よって、出家修道者ではなく、全くの在俗者であったとしても、この度牒を買うことによって、僧人としての権益を享受できることとなった（売牒）。
English: The purpose of selling the Docho was to contribute to the fiscal policies of the Sung Dynasty, which had constantly suffered financial difficulties since its formation, and the sales actually served as an important source of revenue together with the state monopoly on salt.
Japanese: 度牒出売の目的は、その成立当初から財政難に困窮し続けた宋朝の財政政策の一翼を担うことであり、実際に塩の専売制などと共に、国家の重要な財源の一つとなったのである。
English: Although there were provisions for this institution in the Taiho Ritsuryo code, it was implemented slightly later and the description in "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued) shows that the first official certificate was issued in 720.
Japanese: 大宝律令に規定が存在したが、実施はこれより少し遅く『続日本紀』によれば養老4年（720年）に最初の交付が行われたと記されている。
English: In Japan, it was common to call the certificate 'Doen' in the sense of a document describing 'the origin of the entering the priesthood.'
Japanese: 日本では「得度の縁由」を記した文書という意味で「度縁」と呼ばれるのが一般的であった。
English: The official certificates were issued by Daijokan (the Grand Council of State) and rendered valid by the signature of an official in charge at Jibusho (the Ministry of Civil Administration) and Genba-ryo (an office in charge of temples and priests and the reception of foreign envoys), or of a Sokan (an official position given to a Buddhist priest by the Imperial Court) like a Sogo (a priest of a managerial post).
Japanese: 発行は太政官が行い、治部省・玄蕃寮の担当者、僧綱（そうごう）等の僧官が署名することで効力を持った。
English: The initial arrangement was that a Docho official certificate should be disposed of at the time of Jukai (handing down the precepts) and a Kaicho (certificate of reception of Buddhist commandments) should be issued instead.
Japanese: 最初、授戒の際には度牒を廃棄して替わりに戒牒を発行する決まりであった。
English: In 813, after 'the Doen Kaicho Rules' (rules on official certificates of entrance into the priesthood and certificates of reception of Buddhist commandments) were revised, it became a norm to add the date of the reception of the religious precepts at the end of a Doen official certificate so that the certificate would serve as a Kaicho certificate.
Japanese: 813年（弘仁4年）、「度縁戒牒の制」が改正されて以後、度縁の末尾に受戒年月日を注記し、戒牒として機能させることとなった。
English: Since the disposal provisions for the Docho certificate were abolished, too, and the affixation of the seal of Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) was substituted for it, real certificates in the subsequent period have been preserved, though very few.
Japanese: また度牒の廃棄規定も廃止されて民部省の捺印に変えられたため、以後の実物もわずかながら残されている。