nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: "Muryoju Butsudo Inpu" which collected Tessai TOMIOKA's seals for personal use and "Yososai Inpu" which collected Keinen IMAO's seals for personal use were Inpu (compilation of seal marks) stamped and made by Shoseki and his family.
Japanese: また富岡鉄斎の自用印を集めた『無量壽佛堂印譜』、同じく今尾景年の『養素齋印譜』は章石とその一門が鈐印して仕立てた印譜である。
English: Taisuke ITAGAKI (May 21,1387 - July 16, 1919) was a Japanese samurai, a retainer of the Tosa Domain, and a statesman.
Japanese: 板垣退助（いたがきたいすけ、天保8年4月17日(旧暦)（1837年5月21日）-大正8年（1919年）7月16日）は、日本の武士・土佐藩士､政治家。
English: He was a count of Juichii-Kun Itto (Junior First Rank, First order of merit) (insisting on the life-peer theory, he did not take the procedure to inherit ancestral dignity after his death).
Japanese: 従一位勲一等伯爵（華族一代論を主張したため没後襲爵手続きをしなかった）。
English: Taisuke ITAGAKI was born on May 21, 1837 as the eldest son of Masashige INUI, a retainer of the Tosa Domain, in Nakajima town near Kochi-jo Castle (present Kochi City).
Japanese: 天保8年4月17日（1837年5月21日）、高知城下中島町（現・高知市）に土佐藩士・乾正成の長男として生まれた。
English: In the Boshin War, he was appointed the army commander of the Tosa Domain and a staff officer of the spearhead governor of Tosan-do Road, smashing Shinsengumi led by Isami KONDO in the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争では土佐藩軍指令・東山道先鋒総督府参謀として、甲州勝沼の戦いで近藤勇の率いる新撰組を撃破。
English: He was the one of those who assumed the post of Sanyo of the "first term" in the new government, along with Takayoshi KIDO (Choshu Domain), Takamori SAIGO (Satsuma Domain), and Shigenobu OKUMA (Saga Domain).
Japanese: これは新政府において、木戸孝允（長州藩）、西郷隆盛（薩摩藩）、大隈重信（佐賀藩）と共に、"第一期"での参与就任であった。
English: Namely, in the new government led by the four domain cliques of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, and Hizen, these four people including Itagaki were the highest ranking feudal retainers representing each of their domains.
Japanese: すなわち板垣ら4人は、「薩長土肥」の藩閥新政府における筆頭藩士である。
English: In 1873, Itagaki advocated Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea), but eventually gave in to Tomomi IWAKURA and other returnees from visitation to the West who took a prudent stance considering international relationships with Europe and America, resulting in the split of the new government.
Japanese: 明治6年（1873年）に征韓論を主張するが欧米視察から帰国した岩倉具視らの欧米諸国家との国際関係を配慮した慎重論に敗れ、新政府は真っ二つに分裂。
English: In 1874, Itagaki organized Aikokukoto Party with Shojiro GOTO and others, submitting the "Tosa Memorial" (the petition of 1874 calling for the establishment of a representative parliament) to the government, only to be rejected.
Japanese: 明治7年（1874年）に愛国公党を組織し、後藤象二郎らと「民選議院設立建白書」を建議したが却下された。
English: He resumed the post of Sangi in 1875 to take part in the Osaka Conference, but soon resigned the post and concentrated on promoting Jiyu Minken Undo.
Japanese: 明治8年（1875年）に参議に復帰し大阪会議に参加したが、間もなく辞職して自由民権運動を推進した。
English: In 1881, upon the issuance of the Imperial Decree that the Imperial Diet be inaugurated ten years later, Itagaki formed the Liberal Party (Japan, 1881-1884), one of Japan's first political parties, to become prime minister (party leader).
Japanese: 明治14年（1881年）、10年後の帝国議会開設の詔が出されたのを機に自由党(日本)自由党(日本1881-1884)（日本初の政党の一つ）を結成して総理（党首）となる。
English: In April 1882, Itagaki was attacked by a thug named Naobumi AIHARA and was injured while he was campaigning in Gifu City (the Gifu Incident).
Japanese: 明治15年（1882年）4月、岐阜市で遊説中に暴漢・相原尚褧に襲われ負傷した（岐阜事件）。
English: Although this was widely regarded as Itagaki's own remark, the phrase actually came from a speech titled "Itagaki may die, but liberty never will!" made by a journalist Shinsuke KOMURO (also called himself Angaido, 1852 - August 25, 1885) in Gifu prefecture right after the incident.
Japanese: これは事件の直後、小室信介（案外堂。1852-1885.8.25）というジャーナリストが岐阜で行った演説の題名「板垣死ストモ自由ハ死セズ」が、板垣自身の発言として世間に広まったものである。
English: Another theory is that this was shouted on the scene by a person named Roichi NAITO who served as Itagaki's secretary at that time.
Japanese: これには異説もあり、当時板垣の秘書であった内藤魯一という人物が事件現場で叫んだとも言われる。
English: True to his words, Goto later became a politician to assume various posts such as Minister of Home Affairs (Japan), Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan), and the mayor of Tokyo.
Japanese: が、彼は後に内務大臣(日本)、外務大臣(日本)、東京市長などを歴任する政治家となる。
English: In October 1884, intensifying Jiyu Minken Undo culminated in the Kabasan Incident (a failed terror attack attempt and subsequent harsh crackdown on activists of Jiyu Minken Undo in Ibaraki and Tochigi Prefectures), prompting Itagaki to dissolve the Liberal Party for the time being.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）10月、自由民権運動の激化で加波山事件が起き、自由党を一旦解党した。
English: After the inauguration of the Imperial Diet, in 1890, Itagaki reconstructed the former Liberal Party into the Rikken Jiyuto Party (the Constitutional Liberal Party).
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）、帝国議会開設後、旧自由党を立憲自由党として再興した。
English: Changing the party name back to the Liberal Party, Itagaki assumed the leadership of the party in 1891.
Japanese: 明治24年（1891年）、立憲自由党を自由党に改称しその総裁に就任。
English: In 1896, he joined the Second Ito Cabinet and the Second Matsukata Cabinet as the Minister of Home Affairs (Japan).
Japanese: 明治29年（1896年）、第2次伊藤内閣・第2次松方内閣に内務大臣(日本)として入閣。
English: In 1898, merging with Shinpoto Party (Progressive Party, Japan) led by Shigenobu OKUMA who had opposing views against him, Itagaki formed Kenseito Party (the Constitutional Party) and joined the First Okuma Cabinet, Japan's first party cabinet, as the Minister of Home Affairs.
Japanese: 明治31年（1898年）、対立していた大隈重信の進歩党(日本)と合同して憲政党を組織し、日本初の政党内閣である第1次大隈内閣に内務大臣として入閣する。
English: Therefore, this cabinet was also commonly called the Waihan Cabinet (representing the combination of each one Kanji character from Okubo and Itagaki, that is "隅" and "板").
Japanese: そのためこの内閣は通称隈板内閣（わいはんないかく、大隈の「隈」と板垣の「板」を合わせたもの）とも呼ばれる。
English: On the stone monument that stands next to his gravestone, the phrase "Itagaki may die, but liberty never will" was handwritten by Eisaku SATO.
Japanese: 墓石のとなりには、佐藤栄作の筆による「板垣死すとも自由は死せず」の石碑がある。
English: As a groundbreaker in Japan's democratic politics, Itagaki enjoyed high popularity even after his death, and his portrait was depicted on fifty sen Government and 100 yen Bank of Japan notes.
Japanese: 没後も、日本の民主政治の草分けとして人気が高く、戦後、50銭政府紙幣、日本銀行券B100円券に肖像が用いられた。
English: While there is no doubt that Itagaki immensely contributed to the growth of Japan's democracy, however, because of his selfless character with no thirst for money and with no wiliness (that is to say, he was simply "a nice person"), he was not necessarily an adept politician, a profession that requires to be broad-minded enough to deal with all sorts of good and evil.
Japanese: 板垣は日本の民主主義発展に大きな功績を残したが、彼自身は無欲恬淡、金銭欲も淡白でしたたかさがなく（端的に言えば「いい人」）、清濁合わせ呑むことが要求される政治家としては必ずしも有能だったとは言えない。
English: While many outstanding people from the Tosa Domain like Zuizan TAKECHI, Ryoma SAKAMOTO, and Shintaro NAKAOKA could not survive into the Restoration, Itagaki entered the center of the Meiji Government as a politician representing the Tosa Domain.
Japanese: 土佐閥は武市瑞山、坂本龍馬、中岡慎太郎といった有能な人材が維新まで生き残れず、板垣が土佐閥の代表たる政治家として明治政府の中枢に入った。
English: Even members of the Liberal Party that Itagaki himself created left him to switch to the Seiyukai Party established by Hirobumi ITO, leaving Itagaki to live solitarily in his last years.
Japanese: 最後は自ら作った自由党の党員にも伊藤博文の作った政友会に走られ、寂しい晩年を過ごした。
English: On the other hand, Itagaki as a military man showed a remarkable performance as a commander in such wars as the Tohoku War and the Boshin Civil War.
Japanese: 一方、軍人としては戊辰戦争における東北戦争などで、指揮官として目覚ましい活躍を見せていた。
English: However, Itagaki gave up the course of a military man and instead chose to be a politician as a representative of Tosa Domain clique, as mentioned above.
Japanese: しかし上述のように土佐閥の代表という事で軍人コースには入らずに政治の道へと進んだ。
English: A novelist Ryotaro SHIBA described Itagaki with such expressions as "Itagaki was far from suitable as a civil officer, (...) no occupation but being a soldier fits him" in his novel "Tobu ga gotoku."
Japanese: 作家の司馬遼太郎は「翔ぶが如く」の中で「板垣に文官など務まるはずがなく(中略)軍人以外にどういう仕事も適していない」などと評している。
English: As he was the leader of Jiyu Minken Undo, Itagaki has been generally regarded as having the philosophy of modern constitutional liberalism, and also, he has the image of an importer of modern philosophy like Chomin NAKAE, who translated the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau into Japanese.
Japanese: 自由民権運動の指導者であるため、一般には近代立憲的な自由主義の思想を持っていたとされ、また中江兆民がルソーを翻訳したことから、近代思想の輸入者というイメージもある。
English: However, the political situation at that time often tended to be a factional struggle, and Itagaki fought something like a proxy war for his Tosa Domain that was a minority in the cabinet.
Japanese: しかし、当時の政局は派閥争いの側面を持っており、少数派としての土佐藩の代理戦争的な側面もあった。
English: In that situation, Itagaki, as well as Nakae, based their philosophy on the Restoration of Imperial Rule, and the theory of natural human rights advocated by them were actually based on the Emperor system.
Japanese: また板垣そして中江も、思想的にはその基礎を王政復古に求めるものであり、天賦人権論も天皇制を基盤としたものだった。
English: Being a realist, Itagaki in his childhood once dared to throw away his Omamori (a personal amulet) of the Inari-jinja Shrine into the toilet and tried to see whether his action would trigger the divine punishment, which did not occur.
Japanese: リアリズムであったため、少年時代自ら稲荷神社のお守りを厠に捨ててみて、神罰が起こるか試したことがある（結果神罰が起こらなかった）。
English: Similarly, he demonstrated groundlessness of a popular superstition at that time that certain combinations of foods like "eel and pickled plums" and "tenpura (Japanese deep-fried dish) and watermelon" would kill you, by collecting people and actually ate those combinations in front of them.
Japanese: 同様の主旨で、当時の人が食べ合わせ（「うなぎと梅干」、「てんぷらと西瓜」など）を食べると死ぬと信じていた迷信に対して、自ら人を集めて食べて無害なことを実証したことがある。
English: According to their family tradition, the first head of the Inui family Masanobu INUI was "a grandson of Nobukata ITAGAKI, a commanding officer who served Shingen TAKEDA of Kai Province.
Japanese: 家伝によると乾氏の初代・乾正信は、「甲斐の武田信玄に仕えた部将・板垣信方の孫である。
English: Because his father Nobunori ITAGAKI was punished by being deprived of his fief and later executed, Masanobu moved to Inui village, Shuchi County, Totomi Province to stay inside his home, and changed his family name to Inui.
Japanese: 父板垣信憲が改易ののち誅されたため、遠江国周智郡乾村に籠居して乾氏に改めた。
English: In 1868, while marching his troops as the counselor of Tosando-Road spearhead government-general of the new government, he changed his family name back to Itagaki, the one his ancestors had proclaimed, as February 14, the day they arrived in Ogaki in Mino Province just before seizing Kofu Castle in a shogunal demesne, coincidently marked the 320th anniversary of the death of Nobukata ITAGAKI.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）新政府東山道先鋒総督府参謀として進軍していた退助は、天領（旧幕府領）の甲府城に掌握を目前に、美濃国大垣に着いた2月14日が、板垣信方の没後320年にあたるため、先祖の旧姓とする板垣姓に改姓した。
English: With the act, Itagaki intended to gain support from Kai people, by reminding them that he was a member of the Inui clan succeeding the Itagaki clan that derived from Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 甲斐源氏の流れを汲む板垣氏の後継であるとの乾氏を示して甲斐国の民衆の支持を得るためである。
English: As he expected, the change of his family name earned Itagaki the tremendous support from Kai people, leading to his landslide victory at the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
Japanese: この改姓の後、退助の目論見どおり甲斐国の民衆に絶大な支持を受け、甲州勝沼の戦いで大勝をした。
English: After winning the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, it was said that Itagaki confronted the portrait of Nobukata ITAGAKI housed in Erin-ji Temple, the family temple of the Takeda family in Kai Province, and was so overwhelmed that he directly wrote down "Our Father" on it.
Japanese: 甲州勝沼の戦いの後、甲斐国の武田氏一族の菩提寺である恵林寺に所蔵されていた板垣信方の肖像画に対面し、感激した退助は直筆で「わが祖」と書き入れたという。
English: From the standpoint of a Jiyu Minken Undo activist, Itagaki took a negative attitude toward the peerage system and declined twice to accept the imperial decree of granting the peerage.
Japanese: 自由民権運動家の立場から、華族制度には消極的な立場であったため授爵の勅を二度断った。
English: However, admonished by people around him that "the third declination would be irreverent," he was forced to accept the peerage of the count upon the third request.
Japanese: 「三度の拝辞は不敬にあたる」と周囲から諭され、ついに三度目にやむなく伯爵位を授爵した。
English: Denying the hereditary peerage system and insisting on the "life-peer theory," Itagaki led a campaign of sending letters to the peerage nationwide asking for the pros and cons on the argument.
Japanese: 世襲の華族制度を否定し自ら「一代華族論」を主張し、全国の華族に書面にて賛否を問う活動を行った。
English: True to his belief that "Leave no fortune for one's posterity," he did not allow his children to inherit ancestral dignity.
Japanese: 自身も「子孫に美田を残さず」という主旨から、子に襲爵をさせなかった。
English: Although the funeral ceremony of Itagaki was conducted with Buddhist rites in accordance with Itagaki's will, as the religious doctrine of the Itagaki family was the Soto sect of Zen Buddhism, Itagaki himself was a Protestant and greatly affected Kenkichi KATAOKA (the first chairman of the House of Representatives) from the same village as Itagaki with regard to his experience in the religion.
Japanese: 板垣家の宗旨は曹洞宗であり、退助自身の葬儀は遺志により仏式で行われたが、退助自身はプロテスタントでもあり、同郷の片岡健吉（初代衆議院議長）の入信などに多大な影響を与えた。
English: This statue commemorates Itagaki's contributions in saving the Nikko-zan Mountains from the fires of war by persuading the former retainers of the shogun, including Keisuke OTORI, who were holed up in Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine, and persuading the Satsuma Domain who had vehemently insisted on destruction.
Japanese: 日光東照宮に立て籠もる大鳥圭介ら旧幕臣達を説得し、また強硬に破壊を主張する薩摩藩を説得して日光山を戦火から守った功績によるものである
English: Itagaki mastered the battojutsu (the technique of drawing a sword) of Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu school Tanimura Sect that had been transmitted in his hometown with Masamichi OE, who later became the seventeenth headmaster.
Japanese: 抜刀術は故郷に伝わる無双直伝英信流谷村派を、後に第17代となる大江正路と共に修めていた。
English: When Itagaki was attacked by Naobumi AIHARA in Gifu City in 1882 (the Gifu Incident), Itagaki used atemi waza (striking techniques) with his elbow against Aihara's abdomen, getting injured himself, though.
Japanese: 明治15年（1882年）に岐阜で相原尚褧に襲われた際（岐阜事件）には負傷しながらも、相原の腹部に肘で当身技を行った。
English: Itagaki was said to give a present to Motoyama, saying it had been thanks to his mentor Motoyama that he could narrowly survive the incident, and in return, received the full proficiency from Motoyama.
Japanese: 板垣は、命が助かったのは師のおかげと本山に贈り物を贈ったところ、本山から皆伝を授けられたという。
English: Its family crest were the "kayanouchi jumonji"(the end of Sengoku Period [period of warring states] to the mid Meiji Period), and the "tosagiri"(after the mid Meiji Period).
Japanese: 家紋は、「榧之内十文字」（戦国時代末期～明治時代中期）、「土佐桐」（明治中期以降）を用いた。
English: The whole mountain is like a big graveyard dedicated to the Inui clan, with the gravestones aligned in a orderly fashion for ten generations from Masanobu, the first head of the family, to Taisuke, whose gravestone stands next to the one of his third wife who was from the Odani clan.
Japanese: -山全体が乾氏専用の大きな墓地となっており,初代正信から退助までの10代の墓石が整然とあり,退助の墓は三番目の妻小谷氏と並んで建てられている。
English: The shrine has gravestones for everyone including Taisuke in the Itagaki clan who had died after the Meiji Period, except for Nobutake, Taisuke's grandfather who died in Edo.
Japanese: -江戸で客死した退助の祖父信武の墓石以外は、退助を含め明治以降に亡くなった一族の墓石がある。
English: The graveyard of Shinagawa-jinja Shrine is located at the back of the main building of the shrine, because the shrine site was originally the premises of Tokai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 品川神社の社域がもと東海寺の寺域であったため、社殿裏が墓となっている。
English: "Itagaki Seihoron," dictated by Taisuke ITAGAKI, written by Emori UEKI, compiled by Shuji GOKO, published by Jiyuro, 1881
Japanese: 『板垣政法論』板垣退助述、植木枝盛記、五古周二編、自由楼、1881年
English: "Tsuzoku Mujo Seihoron," planned by Taisuke ITAGAKI, written by Emori UEKI, compiled by Izumi WADA, published by Eiri Jiyu Publishing Co, 1883
Japanese: 『通俗無上政法論』板垣退助立案、植木枝盛記、和田稲積編、絵入自由出版社、1883年
English: "Jiyuto Shi"(The history of Liberal Party), supervised by Taisuke ITAGAKI, co-edited by Tomoi UDA and Saburo WADA, published by 五車楼, 1910 (also published as Iwanami bunko of Vol.1, 2, and 3, 1958 for the first edition, and revived in 1997 etc.)
Japanese: 『自由党史』上．下巻　板垣退助監修、宇田友猪、和田三郎共編、五車楼、1910年、岩波文庫上.中.下巻　初版1958年.1997年ほか復刊
English: Ichibe Tanaka (September, 1838 - July, 1910) was a businessman and statesman during the Meiji Period and also a grand person in the economic world of the Kansai region.
Japanese: 田中市兵衛（たなかいちべえ、1838年（天保9年9月）-1910年（明治43年）7月）は、明治時代に活躍した実業家、政治家で関西経済界の重鎮。
English: He conducted many businesses such as fertilizer dealing, banking, spinning, trading, shipping, dock management, and railway management, and built the foundations of today's many prestigious companies.
Japanese: 肥料、銀行、紡績、貿易、海運、新聞、桟橋、鉄道などの経営を手がけ、今日の多くの名門企業の前身を築いた。
English: He served as kaito (society president) of Osaka Prefecture Chamber of Commerce and Industry, administrative director of Osaka Fertilizer Exchange, councilor of Osaka City and Osaka Prefecture, and a member of the House of Representatives, and also he was awarded the rank of Shorokui (Senior Sixth Rank), the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays in 1903, and the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette in 1906.
Japanese: 大阪商工会議所会頭、大阪肥料取引所理事長、大阪市会議員、大阪府会議員、衆議院議員を務め、正六位、明治36年勲五等、明治39年勲四等旭日小綬章。
English: The Tanaka family were wealthy merchants for several generations, originating in Osaka, and their family business was a dried sardine dealer, that is, a manure dealer through generations.
Japanese: 田中家は祖先以来数代を重ねた大阪生え抜きの豪商で、累代の家業は干鰯問屋ですなわち肥料商であった。
English: In 1868, he succeeded his grandfather's business and broadened the market of his manure sales from Osaka to the whole Kinki region, so that he could establish the solid footing.
Japanese: 1868年（明治元年）に祖父の業をついで商売をはじめ、やがて大阪だけではなく近畿一円にわたる広汎なる地域にまで肥料を販売するようになり、強固なる地盤を築いた。
English: TANAKA showed his enthusiasm into the business not only for protecting his family business, but he also did for establishing Forty Second National Bank at 3-chome, Edobori along with Jinbee KANAZAWA, and he became president of it and showed leadership.
Japanese: 田中の商業上の熱意は単に家業を守ることだけにとどまらず、1877年（明治10年）には早くも金沢仁兵衛とともに、第四十二国立銀行を江戸堀三丁目に設立して、その頭取となり、その頭角をあらわしはじめた。
English: Forty Second National Bank opened business at 3-chome, Edobori, Nishi Ward, on October 18, 1878.
Japanese: 第四十二国立銀行は西区江戸堀三丁目において、1878年（明治11年）10月18日に開業した。
English: He had been paying attention to the trend of the world and went to Hokkaido in 1881.
Japanese: 田中は当時から世界の大勢に着目し、1881年（明治14年）に北海道に渡る。
English: Going to Hokkaido at that time was a long-distance exploration travel, exceeding the level of going to the United States in later years, and this travel was for Kansai Boeki Gaisha (Kansai Trading Company).
Japanese: この頃北海道に渡るということは、その後の渡米以上の遠隔地への探検旅行でこれは、関西貿易会社に関してであった。
English: In June, 1881, Tomoatsu GODAI established Kansai Boekisha (Kansai Trading Company) with the capital of one million yen along with Goichi NAKANO, Saihei HIROSE, Hikotaro SUGIMURA, Denzaburo FUJITA, and other interested members, and set up its headquarters at 3-banchi, 1-chome, Utsubo Kita-dori, Osaka.
Japanese: 同年6月、五代友厚は中野梧一、広瀬宰平、杉村彦太郎、藤田伝三郎その他の有志とはかり、資本金100万円をもって関西貿易社を創立し、本社を大阪靭北通一丁目三番地においた。
English: The government at that time was trying to abolish Hokkaido Development Commissioner and dispose of all the government-run businesses to the private sector, and in connection with it Tomoatsu GODAI went to Hokkaido with Goichi NAKANO and Ichibee TANAKA to carefully inspect various places, and planned to receive the Iwanai coal mine and the Akkeshi forest as disposals from the government and export coals and wood to foreign countries to increase the national wealth, and also planned to harvest the marine products from the coasts of Hokkaido to answer domestic demand, and they applied to the director general of Hokkaido Development Commissioner for it in July, 1881.
Japanese: 当時政府はには開拓使を廃し、官有物一切を民間に払い下げようとする議があり、それと相表裏して五代友厚は、中野吾一、田中市兵衛とともに北海道に至り、つぶさに各地の状況を視察し、まず、岩内炭坑および厚岸山林の払い下げをうけ、石炭、木材を海外に輸出して、国富の増進をはかるとともに、北海道沿岸の海産物を採取して、内地の需要にあてようとし、14年7月このことを開拓使長官に出願した。
English: TANAKA, who returned from Hokkaido, had an idea that the future Japan would need a port in or near Osaka, the economic center, to trade with foreign countries.
Japanese: 北海道から帰った田中は将来の日本が外国と商取引をするには経済の中心地である大阪か、またはその近くに港を開かねばならぬと考えた。
English: GODAI wanted to build a dock in Japan to make trading easier, and so established Kobe Sanbashi Kabushikigaisha (Kobe Dock Company) with KONOIKE, SUMITOMO, and FUJITA in November, 1884.
Japanese: 五代が日本でも桟橋をつくって貿易の便をはかりたいと考え、鴻池、住友、藤田とともに神戸桟橋会社を1884年（明治17年）11月に発足した。
English: TANAKA became an adviser of the company in July, 1885, and a president in 1893.
Japanese: 田中は1885年（明治19年）7月にその相談役となり、1893年（明治26年）に社長となった。
English: In 1909, the Kobe Port finally started to be built and Kobe Sanbashi (Kobe Dock) was to be bought.
Japanese: 1909年（明治42年）にいよいよ神戸港の建設にかかり、神戸桟橋も買い上げることにした。
English: The price said to be 550 thousand yen, but TANAKA wrote to the prime minister Taro KATSURA and raised the price by 50 thousand yen, and succeeded to sell it for 600 thousand yen.
Japanese: この買い上げは当時五十五万円といわれたが、田中は総理大臣桂太郎あてに手紙を出して、五万円つりあげ、六十万円で買い上げさすことに成功した。
English: He sold its warehouses to Mitsui, and carried out the repairing works of Minatogawa River in Kobe, and also changing Shinkaichi into downtown was one of TANAKA's great achievements.
Japanese: またその倉庫も三井に売却し、神戸の湊川の改修工事をもなし、新開地を繁華街としたのも田中の功績の1つであった。
English: In 1885, he established Hankai Railway with Jutaro MATSUMOTO, and also participated in the establishment of the following railway companies: Sanyo Railway, Kyushu Railway, Buzen Railway, Hankaku Railway, Kyoto Railway, Nankai Electric Railway, and Hanshin Electric Railway.
Japanese: 1885年（明治18年）には松本重太郎らとともに、阪堺鉄道をおこし、山陽鉄道、九州鉄道、豊前、阪鶴鉄道、京都鉄道、南海電気鉄道、阪神電気鉄道の各鉄道会社の創立に参画した。
English: Also, he was involved in these companies: Nippon Life Insurance Company, Nipponkoa Insurance Company, Osaka Warehouse Company, Naniwa Spinning Company, Unitika, Sojitz Corporation, and Kisha Seizo Kaisha (Train Production Company), and yet the involvement was based on Forty Second National Bank as mentioned before, and also on separately managed Osaka Shosen Kaisha (OSK Lines).
Japanese: また日本生命、日本興亜損害保険、大阪倉庫、浪花紡績、ユニチカ、双日、ユニチカ、汽車製造の各社にも関係したが、それらはさきにのべた第四十二国立銀行を足場とし、また別に経営していた大阪商船会社を基盤としていた。
English: In May, 1884, Saihei HIROSE and several other members consolidated a number of ship owners and established a grand company with 93 vessels and a capital of 1.2 million yen, Osaka Shosen Kaisha (OSK Lines).
Japanese: 1884年（明治17年）5月、広瀬宰平他数名は、多数の船主をして合同させ、一大船会社・船舶93隻、資本金120万円の大阪商船会社を設立した。
English: About one year later, in October, 1885, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK Line) was established as a result of the merger of Mitsubishi Kaisha (Mitsubishi Company) and Kyodo Unyu Kaisha (Kyodo Transport Company).
Japanese: 約1年おくれて、1885年（明治18年）10月には三菱会社と共同運輸会社とが同併して、日本郵船会社が設立した。
English: TANAKA became an auditor in 1894, and a president in 1895.
Japanese: 田中は、1894年（明治27年）に監査役となって、1895年（明治28年）に社長となった。
English: In 1898, he selected Tokugoro NAKAHASHI, who was a director of the Railway Bureau in the Ministry of Communication, as his successor, and made a foundation of Mitsui O.S.K. Lines.
Japanese: 1898年（明治31年）逓信省の鉄道局長をしていた中橋徳五郎を後継者に選び、商船三井の基礎をつくった。
English: Soon after Japan Cotton Corporation started its business, despite the increase of the trading volume of cotton, it made a great loss for that time in 1894 due to the heavy decline in the foreign exchange rate, and in 1895 TANAKA became a president and tried to recover the loss.
Japanese: 日本綿花創業まもなく、1894年（明治27年）には綿花取引量が増加したにもかかわらず、為替相場暴落で当時としてはかなりの損失を生じ、1895年（明治28年）田中が社長に就任して、挽回、回復につとめた。
English: TANAKA built the foundations of the company's inaugural period, and in October, 1898, he resigned from the presidency in favor of Jiemon TAKEO.
Japanese: ここで田中は創業期の基礎をかため1898年（明治31年）10月に辞任して、竹尾治右衛門に社長をゆずった。
English: In January, 1901, succeeding TAKEO, TANAKA's heir Ichitaro TANAKA was promoted to president, but in 1908 he died from a disease.
Japanese: 1901年（明治34年）1月に竹尾のあとをうけて田中の嗣子田中市太郎が社長に昇任するが1908年（明治41年）病死する。
English: Then, in an extraordinary meeting of stockholders held in November, 1908, Ichibe TANAKA and Jiemon TAKEO were added into the board members, and TANAKA took the position of president again and held it until September, 1910.
Japanese: そこで同年11月の臨時株主総会において田中市兵衛と竹尾治右衛門を取締役に加え、田中は再び社長に就任し1910年（明治43年）9月まで在任した。
English: Teisho TSUGA (male, 1718 - circa. 1794) was a yomihon writer, Confucian scholar, and physician during the middle of Edo period.
Japanese: 都賀庭鐘（つがていしょう、男性、享保3年（1718年）-寛政6年（1794年）?）は、江戸時代中期の読本作家・儒学者・医師である。