nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Following Taikyo-senpu (propagation of the Great Teaching of Shinto) in 1867, the newly established Meiji Government was enthusiastic about the training of Shinto priests, establishing a dormitory for the trainees under the Shinto Jimukyoku (the Secretariat of Shinto), but the Kyodoshoku-sei (a system of national enlightenment on Shinto through government-assigned preceptors) had to be discontinued as the voices calling for the separation of religion and politics and the freedom of religion prevailed.
Japanese: 1867年（明治元年）に大教宣布が発布され、1876年（明治9年）に神道事務局に生徒寮を設置して神職の養成に力を注いだ明治新政府であったが、政教分離・信教の自由論が世の中に広まり、教導職制が廃止された。
English: Consequently an idea has gained strength within the Shinto Jimukyoku that it would be necessary to establish a new institution which has a wider range of functions and roles of Kyuten Renshujo (the training institute of ancient national literature).
Japanese: それに伴い神道事務局の中では、旧典練習所をより発展させた機関を設置する必要があるとの考えが強くなっていた。
English: Standing in need of reinforcing the Shinto teaching, which became clear through the stagnant Taikyo-senpu and the subsequent pantheon dispute, some bureaucrats of the Ministry of Home Affairs including Akiyoshi YAMADA and several scholars of Japanese literature such as Isao MATSUNO established a research institute 'purely for the purpose of an in-depth study of the national literature' in obedience to an order of His Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Takahito.
Japanese: この大教宣布の不振、それに続く祭神論争によりその教学の未成熟さを実感した神道はその教学の深化に迫られ、1882年（明治15年）8月23日に、有栖川宮幟仁親王の令旨を奉じた山田顕義ら内務省(日本)官僚と、松野勇雄ら数名の国文学者が「専ら国典を講究するため」として研究機関を設立した。
English: The institute carried out the training of Shinto priests on behalf of the Ministry of Home Affairs, and additionally, engaged itself in organizing lecture meetings of various kinds and compiling "Kojiruien" (Encyclopedia of Ancient Matters) and "Engishiki" (codes and procedures on national rites and prayers).
Japanese: 内務省(日本)の委託を受けて神職を育成を行ったほか、各種の講演会、『古事類苑』・『延喜式』の編纂事業を行った。
English: Also, Nihon University derives its origin from the law school in the evening session of Koten Kokyujo, and separated from Nihon University was Kinki University.
Japanese: また、日本大学も源流は皇典講究所に付属していた夜間部の法律学校に由来し、その日本大学から近畿大学が分離している。
English: On January 25, 1946, following the defeat in World War II, Koken Kokyujo was dissolved under pressure from the General Headquarters, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and its business and assets were handed over to the school corporation Kokugakuin University and Jinja Honcho (the Association of Shinto Shrines).
Japanese: 第2次世界大戦敗戦後の1946年（昭和21年）1月25日に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による圧迫を受けて解散、事業と資産は学校法人國學院大學と神社本庁に継承されている。
English: 1898: The institute was authorized as the incorporated foundation Koten Kokyujo, and Kokugakuin and Nihon Law School were separated as the incorporated foundation Kokugakuin and the incorporated foundation Nihon Law School respectively.
Japanese: 1898年財団法人皇典講究所として認可、國學院を財団法人國學院として分離、日本法律学校を財団法人日本法律学校として分離
English: 1946: Koten Kokyujo was defined as a hotbed of militarism by, and dissolved under the guidance of, the General Headquarters, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and its staff and assets were absorbed by the Incorporated Foundation Kokugakuin University.
Japanese: 1946年連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指導により軍国主義の温床として解散、人員や財産は財団法人國學院大學が吸収
English: 1955: Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University was established, which inherited the researches of Koten Kokyujo.
Japanese: 1955年國學院大學日本文化研究所が設置され、皇典講究所の研究を承継。
English: 1985: A foundation monument was established at the site of Koten Kokyujo (in front of Tokyo Kusei Kaikan building, 3-5-5 Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku) jointly by Kokugakuin University and Nihon University.
Japanese: 1985年國學院大學・日本大学が共同で皇典講究所跡地（千代田区飯田橋3－5－5東京区政会館前）に発祥記念碑を建立。
English: 2006: The School Corporation Kokugakuin University was granted a trade mark right by Japan Patent Office for the use of the term "Koten Kokyujo."
Japanese: 2006年特許庁により学校法人國學院大學の『皇典講究所』の商標登録が認可される。
English: The Inbe clan (also called Imibe clan) was a vocation-based group having characteristics of a clan, which existed from the Yamato period through the Nara period.
Japanese: 忌部氏（いんべし・いみべし）とは、大和時代から奈良時代にかけての氏族的職業集団である。
English: Tamatsukuri (jewel making), one of the ritual implements manufacturing businesses, had gone downhill after the Kofun period (tumulus period), which led to the decline of the Inbe clan.
Japanese: 祭具製造事業のひとつである玉造りは、古墳時代以後衰えたが、このことが忌部氏の不振に繋がる。
English: The Inbe clan group included the Awa-Inbe clan of Awa Province (Tokushima Prefecture) who had Amenohiwashi (Amenohiwashi no mikoto) as their ancestor, the Sanuki-Inbe clan of Sanuki Province (Kagawa Prefecture) whose ancestor was Taokihooi (Taokihoohi no mikoto), the Kii-Inbe clan whose ancestor was Hikosashiri (Hikosashiri no mikoto), the Tamatsukuri clan of Izumo Province (Shimane Prefecture), whose ancestor was Kushiakarutama (Kushiakarutama no mikoto) and the Inbe clan of Tsukushi Province (Kyushu) and Ise Province (Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: アメノヒワシ（あめのひわしのみこと）を祖とする阿波国の阿波忌部氏、タオキホオイ（たおきほおひのみこと）を祖とする讃岐国の讃岐忌部氏、ヒコサシリ（ひこさしりのみこと）を祖とする紀伊忌部氏、クシアカルタマ（くしあかるたまのみこと）を祖とする出雲国の玉作氏（たまつくりし）、アメノマヒトツ（あめのまひとつのみこと）を祖とする筑紫国・伊勢国の忌部氏などがいた。
English: Incidentally, it is said that Awa Province of Shikoku region and Awa Province of the Boso Peninsula (Chiba Prefecture) have phonetically the same name because the latter province was named as such by the Inbe clan people of Shikoku region when they migrated to it.
Japanese: また、四国の阿波国と房総半島の安房国が何れも「あわ」と読むのは忌部氏が阿波から安房に行った際に命名されたとも言われている。
English: The Inbe clan spread in such regions as Hokuriku (Echizen Province; the eastern part of Fukui Prefecture), Sanin (Izumo Province, Oki Province; Oki Island of Shimane Prefecture) and Sanyo (Bizen Province; the south-eastern part of Okayama Prefecture).
Japanese: 北陸地方（越前国）、山陰地方（出雲国、隠岐国）、山陽地方（備前国）などにも忌部氏はいる。
English: In a popular edition of Taketori Monogatari (Tale of the Bamboo Cutter), the godfather of Kaguyahime (the Shining Princess) is 'Mimuroto no Inbe no Akita' and the name of the old bamboo cutter is 'Sanuki no Miyatsuko.'
Japanese: 竹取物語流布本にかぐや姫の名付け親を「みむろとのいんべのあきた」（三室戸斎部秋田）とあり、また竹取の翁の名を「さぬきのみやつこ」とある。
English: Based on these descriptions, some insist that the author of the tale was a person belonging to the Inbe clan, and others point out the relation between the author and the Sanuki-Inbe clan.
Japanese: それを、この氏族と結びつけ、作者を忌部氏の人とする説や、讃岐忌部と作者の関係を指摘する説がある。
English: The Oda clan is a branch lineage of the Echizen-Inbe clan, a Shinto priest family of Tsurugi-jinja Shrine, (or of Echizen-Fujiwara clan according to another opinion), but they later misrepresented their lineage as having been descended from the Kanmu-Heisi (the Taira clan).
Japanese: 織田氏は劔神社の神官である越前忌部（斎部）氏の支流（あるいは越前藤原氏とも）であるが、後に桓武平氏の系統と仮冒した。
English: A reference is made to INBE no Moritada in the section of April 25, 998 of 'Gonki,' a diary of FUJIWARA no Yukinari, as a Shinto priest belonging to Echizen Tsurugi-daijingu Shrine.
Japanese: 長徳4年（998年）3月21日、藤原行成の「権記」に越前劒大神宮神主　伊部守忠という名前が見える。
English: Not only "Awa" of Shikoku region or the Boso Peninsula, number of places that were named after Inbe in various Chinese characters deriving from the clan's name exist in such prefectures as Mie and Nara.
Japanese: 四国の阿波、房総の安房に限らず、地名に関する事も多く、伊部（いんべ）、井辺（いんべ）、員弁（いなべ）など三重県や奈良県にも同氏から付けられた地名を残している。
English: Their clan title was initially Obito but they were awarded a title of Muraji on January 8, the 9th year of Emperor Tenmu's rein (in 680).
Japanese: カバネははじめ首(曖昧さ回避)（おびと）だったが、天武天皇9年（680年）1月8日に、連（むらじ）の姓を与えられた。
English: Then they were awarded Sukune on December 2 of the 13th year of Emperor Tenmu's rein (in 684) together with other 50 Murajis.
Japanese: 天武天皇13年（684年）12月2日に他の連姓の50氏とともに宿禰（すくね）になった。
English: According to "Nihon Isshi" (Supplemental History of Japan), the Inbe clan changed its kanji expression from '忌部' to '斎部.'
Japanese: 『日本逸史』によると、延暦22年（803年）3月に「忌部」から「斎部」に改めた。
English: Although no biography of Hamanari has been handed down, some insist that he is the very same person with INBE no Hironari who wrote "Kogo shui" (Gleanings of Old Words).
Japanese: 浜成の伝記は伝わってないが、『古語拾遺』の選者斎部広成と同一人物という説もある。
English: The residents of jinpu served the shrine by paying tax, performing allocated jobs, serving as Hafuri (an ancient Shinto priest) or other posts, and so on.
Japanese: 神封の住民は租税や課役を神社に納めたり、祝(神職)などの役職を務めることで神社に奉仕した。
English: Although it is generally deemed to be synonymous with "jinko" (also known as "kanbe," written as 神戸 or 神部 in Chinese characters), it is considered that their period of origin and original role were different with each other; it is considered that the two became increasingly confused from the late Nara period to the early Heian period.
Japanese: 一般的には神戸（じんこ、かんべ）または神部（かんべ、かむべ）と同義とされるが、その成立時期や初期における役割には差異があったと考えられ、両者の混合が進んだのは、奈良時代後期から平安時代初期にかけてと考えられている。
English: While it is considered that many of jinko were Bemin (people who belonged to Yamato Court) which date back to the period before the Taika Reforms, jinpu is considered to have originated as part of Jikifu system (a kind of stipend; fuko are given as an income source) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
Japanese: 神戸の多くが大化前代に遡ることが出来ると考えられる所謂部民であったと考えられるのに対して、神封は律令制による食封制度の一環として成立したと考えられている。
English: However, there are no definite rules about it in the Yoro Code and so on; it is only mentioned in Zhu Theory (notes which is said to be written by Judicial Officials) in the external ordinance of Rokuryo in "Ryonoshuge" (Commentaries on the Civil Statutes).
Japanese: ただし、養老令などに直接規定したものは無く、『令集解』の禄令令条外条における朱説（明法家による注釈とされる注記）に示されているに過ぎない。
English: Originally, unlike jinko, only Yo (tax in kind), Cho (tributes), and allocated job were imposed on jinfuko, under the provision for fuko in Fuyaku ryo (tax law); they paid half of denso (rice field tax) to the shrine, and another half to the state.
Japanese: 当初は神封戸は神戸とは違い、賦役令の封戸に関する規定によって庸調及び課役のみを負担して田租の半分は神社に残りは国家に納めていたと考えられている。
English: However, the difference from jinko in the tax system disappeared when it was decided in 739 that fuko should pay all the rice tax to fushu (in case of jinpu, fushu is the shrine).
Japanese: ところが、天平11年（739年）に封戸の租は全て封主（神封の場合は神社）に納めることとされ、神戸との税制的な違いが消滅した。
English: About that time, a new system was introduced: Shrines were conferred Ikai (Court rank) and Ifu (fuko which were given according to ikai) like government officials (especially one of low to medium rank); the number of ifu for a shrine was the same as that for a government official of the same ikai (however, according to the records in "Shoku Nihongi" [Continuation of Chronicles of Japan] and so on, there were cases in which ifu were not paid in full).
Japanese: また、この頃より神社に対しても官人と同様に位階を授けて位封を支給する制度が行われるようになり、官人の位階と同様の位封が授けられた（ただし、『続日本紀』などの記録によれば、全額が支給されていない例もあったことが判明する）。
English: In the early Heian period, jinko and jinpu, making no actual difference with each other, began to be confused and treated as the same.
Japanese: 平安時代初期になると、実質的な差異が失われた神戸と神封が混同されて同一に扱われるようになった。
English: In Daijokancho written in 806 and carried on "Shinsho kyakuchoku fusho," they were treated as the same kind; it is presumed that they were considered to be the same in those days.
Japanese: 『新抄格勅符抄』に所収されている大同(日本)元年（806年）の太政官牒では一括して扱われ、この頃には両者が同一のものとみなされていたとみられている。
English: Manabu TOYA (1953 -) is a Shintoist, novelist and business enterprise consultant in Japan.
Japanese: 戸矢学（とやまなぶ、昭和28年（1953年）-）は、日本の神道家・作家・企業コンサルタント。
English: He studies 'Onmyodo' (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) from the shintohism perspective, and presented a new point at issue by verifying any connection with obvious phenomena in Japanese history successively.
Japanese: 神道の立場から「陰陽道」を研究し、日本史上の顕在化した事象との関わりを逐次検証することで新たな論点を提示。
English: Particularly, he pointed out that thought of Koshinto (as practiced prior to the introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism to Japan) such as 'kiyome' (purification) and 'harae' (purification) was assumed by onmyodo for over a thousand years after Emperor Temmu, then, returned to Shinto after Meiji restoration.
Japanese: とりわけ、古神道の「清め」「祓え」の思想が、天武天皇以後、明治維新まで千数百年にわたって陰陽道によって担われ、維新以後ふたたび神道に戻ったことを指摘。
English: He advocated his own theory that religious services for Emperors until now, for example Shihohai (a Shinto ceremony held on New Year's Day in which the Emperor pays respect to the deities in all quarters), are "Contemporary Shinto" which carries on style of onmyodo.
Japanese: 以後、現在まで天皇の祭祀──たとえば四方拝など──は、陰陽道の血脈を継承する"現代神道"であるとの独自の学説を標榜する。
English: Shinchoku is a word that refers to Heaven's will, and also its writing.
Japanese: 神勅（しんちょく）とは神の与えた命令、またその文書をさす言葉である。
English: In general, Shinchoku refers to following three shinchoku (Three Great Shinchoku) that were given by Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) to her grandson Ninigi (God of the Harvest) in the passage of Tensonkorin (the descent of the Sun-Goddess's grandson) recorded in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 一般的に神勅といえば、『日本書紀』の天孫降臨の段で天照大神が孫のニニギらに下した以下の3つの神勅（三大神勅）のことを指す。
English: Including 'Jidenbogo no Shinchoku' (commanding; the people shall never neglect loyalty towards Imperial family) and 'Himorogi Iwasaka no Shinchoku' (commanding; saishi (religious service) shall be based on prosperity of Imperial line) that Amaterasu Omikami commanded to her subject Amenokoyane no Mikoto and Futodama no Mikoto in the same passage, it is called 'Godai Shinchoku' (Five Great Shinchoku).
Japanese: さらに、同段で天照大神が臣下の天児屋命・太玉命に下した「侍殿防護の神勅」「神籬磐境の神勅」を併せて「五大神勅」という。
English: The passage of Tensonkorin (the descent of the Sun-Goddess's grandson) recorded in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) also include a similar sentence regarding Tenjomukyu no Shinchoku.
Japanese: 天壌無窮の神勅については、古事記の天孫降臨の段にも以下のような同様の文章がある。
English: Although the sentences are different from each other, it shares the common context that it is the will of God for Ninigi-no Mikoto (grandson of Amaterasu Omikami) and his descendants to become the monarch and reign over Japan.
Japanese: 文章はそれぞれに異るが、瓊瓊杵尊およびその子孫が君主となって日本を治めることは、神の意志に基づくものであるとする内容が共通している。
English: It used to be considered that the position was succeeded to Imperial family since Iwarehikono, the great-grandson of Ninigi-no Mikoto, accede to the throne as Emperor Jimmu.
Japanese: 瓊瓊杵尊の曾孫磐余彦が神武天皇として即位して以来、その地位が天皇家によって受継がれてきたと、かつては考えられていた。
English: In the prewar period, it was considered as a legal, historical and religious evidence (See 'Unbroken Imperial Line' for the reference) of the Emperor being the monarch of Japan.
Japanese: 戦前期にあっては、天皇が日本の君主であることの、法制的・歴史的・宗教的根拠とされた（万世一系の項参照）。
English: Shinchoku was a concept that received less emphasis, except for nationalistic scholars of the Japanese classics, before modern times.
Japanese: 神勅については、近世以前まではことさらな国粋主義的国学者などを別にすれば特に強調されることのない概念であった。
English: However, after the end of the Meiji period, with Japan's modernization advancing rapidly, the movements aiming to introduce a communist system of government and those aiming to introduce a republican one expanded, resulting in the theory that the Emperor was an organ of the state becoming the mainstream of Constitutional Theory; as a result, Shinchoku was often used as a rationale for opposing these movements.
Japanese: しかし、明治後期以降、急速な近代化の進展にともなって、共和政体や共産主義を志向する勢力の伸張や、天皇機関説が憲法学説において主流をなすようになると、これに対抗するための論理的根拠として用いられることが多くなった。
English: Especially during the war period, it was related to Kokoku Shikan (Emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) and national policy theory, to be used as one of foundation to support government authorized idea.
Japanese: 特に戦中にあっては皇国史観や国体論と結び付けられて、政府公認のイデオロギーを支える基盤のひとつとして用いられた。
English: Sanno Shinto (Sanno Shintoism) is a school of Shintoism developed by Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple, the headquarters of Tendai Sect of Buddhism, from the end of the Heian period to the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 山王神道（さんのうしんとう）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけて、天台宗の総本山である比叡山延暦寺で生まれた神道の流派である。
English: Sanno' generally means a divine spirit that protects a divine mountain and, in this case, is Oyamakui no kami, the tutelary deity of Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 「山王」とは、霊山を守護する神霊のことであり、ここでは比叡山の地主神である大山咋神のことを指す。
English: Sanno Shinto is the fusion of the worship of Oyamakui no kami (Sanno worship) and the Tendai Sect of Buddhism.
Japanese: 大山咋神に対する信仰（山王信仰）と天台宗とが結びついたのが山王神道である。
English: The Chinese characters 'san' (山) and 'o' (王) are both composed of three straight lines and one line that crosses them, and this pictographic design was associated with the basic principle of Tendai Sect, or Sandai Sokuitsu (three truths taken as one single principle), for proliferation of the teachings.
Japanese: また、「山」の字も「王」の字も、三本の線と、それを貫く一本の線からなっており、これを天台宗の思想である三諦即一思想と結びつけて説いた。
English: Tenkai, a Buddhist priest in the Edo period who served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, established Sanno Ichijitsu Shinto, a developed version of Sanno Shinto, after the death of his master and insisted the master's spirit be enshrined by the divine name of Gongen, an avatar of Buddha, according to the principle of Sanno Ichijitsu Shinto (aka Tosho Daigongen).
Japanese: 徳川家康につかえていた江戸時代の僧・天海は、家康の歿後、山王神道説を発展させた山王一実神道（さんのういちじつしんとう）を唱え、山王一実神道に従って家康の霊を権現（東照大権現）の神号で祀るよう主張した。
English: According to Sanno Ichijitsu Shinto, Sanno Gongen is taken as Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana) and Amaterasu Omikami (Sun Goddess).
Japanese: 山王一実神道では、山王権現とは大日如来であり、天照大神であると説いた。
English: Historian Masao OKA, scholar of ancient literature and mythology Ken MATSUMAE, and so on have the theory that the original kososhin was Takamimusubi, and Amaterasu Omikami was later set up as kososhin.
Japanese: 歴史学者の岡正雄や古代文学・神話学者の松前健らは本来の皇祖神はタカミムスビ神であり、天照大神は後に祀り上げられたとしている。
English: Jinposho is a list of various districts of Ise-jingu Shrine (both Naiku (the inner shrine) and Geku (the outer shrine)) territory.
Japanese: 神鳳鈔（じんぽうしょう）とは、伊勢神宮（内宮および外宮）の領地の諸国一覧表である。
English: It is said that the beginning of writing the original work started in 1193 and followed by addition of postscript, the original work had completed and reported in 1360.
Japanese: 建久四年（1193年）に、原本の書き出しを始め、その後追記がなされ、延文5年（1360年）に原本完成し注進とある。
English: It is recorded that a book by Hirotaka YASHIRO and a book by Azumao FUKUSHIMA, who was from Adachi Country of Bushu (Musashi Province) were collated with a book by Takakiyo ONO as the main text when recording in "Gunsho ruiju"(Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA).
Japanese: 群書類従に収録にあたって、小野高潔本を本書とし、屋代弘賢本および武州足立郡人福島東雄本を校合したと記録されている。
English: The oldest manuscript that exists today is the one owned by Ise-jingu Shrine written by Ujitsune ARAKIDA, Negi (Shinto priest) of Naiku in Muromachi era.
Japanese: なお、現存する最古の写本は、伊勢神宮の所有するもので、室町時代の内宮禰宜の荒木田氏経による写本である。
English: The territories of Ise-jingu Shrine are written as Kanbe (territories of shrines), Mikuriya (manors of Imperial family and powerful shrines), Misono (territories that cultivated vegetables offered to god), Kanda (rice fields owned by shrines) and Myoden (a rice field in a manor or Kokugaryo (territories managed by provincial government) which were named with its owner's name) and they are concentrated in Ise Province, where the Ise-jingu Shrine is located.
Japanese: 伊勢神宮の領地は、諸国において神戸、御厨、御薗、神田、名田などと表記されており、所在地の伊勢国に集中している。
English: Thus, in the main part, the detailed descriptions are given for each state regarding Ise Province.
Japanese: そのため本書では、伊勢国内に関しては、郡単位に詳細が記述されている。
English: *Regarding Ise-Jingu territory, it is mentioned in some documents such as Jingu miscellany and Okami (God) miscellany.
Japanese: ※伊勢神宮領については、神宮雑例集、太神宮諸雑事記などにも記載がある。
English: The Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto is a Shosho (imperial edict, decree) which was issued on February 3, 1870.
Japanese: 大教宣布（だいきょうせんぷ）は、明治3年1月3日_(旧暦)（1870年2月3日）に出された詔書。
English: This Shosho indicated national policy to deify Emperor, establish Shinto as the national religion and determine Japan as the state of saisei icchi (unity of church and state, theocracy).
Japanese: 天皇に神格を与え、神道を国教と定めて、日本を祭政一致の国家とする国家方針を示した。
English: After the Meiji restoration, the theory of saisei icchi became popular around a scholar of Japanese classical literature, Kokugaku HIRATA who followed Fukko shinto (returning to the ancient Shinto), and then, Senkyoshi (missionary) was established in Jingikan (department of worship) in August 15, 1869, and Tadayasu NAKAYAMA was appointed as a administrator of missionary work and Bisei FUKUBA was appointed as assistance administrator of missionary work.
Japanese: 明治維新後、復古神道を奉じる平田国学の国学者を中心に祭政一致論が高まり、明治2年7月8日_(旧暦)に神祇官内に宣教使が設置され、宣教長官に中山忠能・同次官に福羽美静が任命された。
English: Fukuba served as a de facto superintendent, jingi taifu, after Jingikan was renamed Jingisho (Ministry of Divinities).
Japanese: 福羽は神祇官が神祇省と改められた後には事実上の最高責任者である神祇大輔を務めている。
English: Following this, the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto was issued, and the principle 'we should make clear about chikyo, and promote Kannagara no Michi (Shinto, Way of Gods)' was set out.
Japanese: 続いて、この詔書が出され、「治教を明らかにして惟神の道を宣揚すべし」という理念が打ち出された。
English: This imperial edict also set out direct denunciation of Christianity, promotion of Shinto by missionary, and national protection of Shinto.
Japanese: 直接的にはキリスト教を排撃し、宣教使による神道振興と国家的保護を打ち出している。
English: However, a movement to establish Shinto as a state religion continued to be inactive because of disorder by Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism), confrontation with Domains' emphasis on Confucianism and Buddhism which still operated function as local government, difference of policy among scholars of the Japanese classics, and moreover, demand for an end of oppression of Christianity from the West.
Japanese: だが、廃仏毀釈による混乱や未だ地方政府としての機能を有していた藩の儒教・仏教重視理念との対立、神祇省内部の国学者間の路線対立、更に欧米からのキリスト教弾圧停止要求も重なって神道国教化の動きは不振が続いた。
English: In April 21, 1872, they were forced to revise the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto by establishment of Kyobusho (Ministry of Religion), separation of court ritual and abolition of missionary, and then, next year, Daikyoin (Great Teaching Institute), which aimed to reconstruction and reinforcement of the policy of Edict, was established.
Japanese: 明治5年3月14日_(旧暦)（1872年4月21日）の教部省設置と宮中祭祀の切り離し、宣教使の廃止によって大教宣布は見直しを迫られることとなり、大教宣布の路線の再建・強化を目指した大教院が翌年に設置されることとなる。
English: Saniwa is a person who receives shintaku (oracle) and interprets providence in religious services of Koshinto (as practiced prior to the introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism to Japan).
Japanese: 審神者（さにわ）とは、古代の神道の祭祀において神託を受け、神意を解釈して伝える者のことである。
English: Saniwa' originally means 'Sayaniwa' (purified site), and the theory that Saniwa is the purified garden (site) in order to enshrine god and receive oracles is most convincing.
Japanese: 「さにわ」（歴史的仮名遣いでは「さには」）は、元は「清庭」（さやにわ）の意味で、神を祭り神託を受けるために忌み清めた庭（場所）のことを指したとする説が有力である。
English: The part of Emperor Chuai in "Kojiki," there is a description that the Emperor played koto and TAKENOUCHI no Sukune who stayed in saniwa asked for decree of god.
Japanese: 『古事記』の仲哀天皇の段に、天皇が琴を弾き、武内宿禰が沙庭（さにわ）に居て神の命を請うたという記述がある。
English: Here, saniwa means a place, but it turned out that TAKENOUCHI no Sukune served as saniwa (a person who receives oracle).
Japanese: ここで沙庭は場所の意味であるが、武内宿禰が審神者を務めたということになる。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), it is recorded that Empress Jingu herself became a Shinto priest and let TAKEUCHI no Sukune play koto, while NAKATOMI no Ikatsuomi served as saniwa in April, 209.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』の神功皇后9年3月には、皇后が自ら神主となり、武内宿禰に琴を弾かせ、中臣烏賊津使主を審神者としたと記されている。
English: Seiji yoryaku (examples of the politics in the Heian period), there is a description that 'saniwa is a person who plays koto and dedicates its music to the god.'
Japanese: 平安時代の『政事要略』に「今琴弾之者を以て佐爾波（さにわ）と云、偏に以て神遊に供奉す」とある。
English: In new religious organizations in modern times and the present day, a person who reveals the true form of god and ghosts that possess people or judges their remarks of right and wrong, is called saniwa.
Japanese: 近現代の新宗教教団においては、人についた神や霊の正体を明かしたり、その発言の正邪を判断したりする者のことを審神者と称している。
English: Jinja-cho not only engages in activities such as official works like personnel and financial affairs of shrines in each prefecture, providing guidance for shrines and Shinto priests, promotion of religious services and regional activities, but also works as collaborator for promotion of shrine's activities.
Japanese: 神社庁は、都道府県の神社の人事財政などの諸事務や、神社・神職の指導、祭祀・地域活動の振興を図る活動などを行っており、また、神社の活動のPRの窓口となっている。