nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1886, he promulgated the Academic Degree Order to set up two academic ranks of great doctor and doctor in Japan.
Japanese: 1886年（明治19年）には、学位令を発令し、日本における学位として大博士と博士の二等を定めた。
English: In addition, pushing forward with his work of consolidating various school systems, he made an effort to establish the education system as a modern state.
Japanese: 他、様々な学校制度の整備に邁進し、近代国家としての教育制度の確立に尽力した。
English: On the day when the Constitution of the Empire of Japan was issued in 1889, however, he was stabbed to death by a nationalist, Buntaro NISHINO.
Japanese: しかし1889年（明治22年）の大日本帝国憲法発布式典の当日、国粋主義者・西野文太郎により刺殺されてしまった。
English: Newspapers of the day reported that one minister got a bamboo blind out of the way with a cane to look into the shrine room when he visited the Ise Jingu Shrine, which caused a problem (the incident of disrespect for the Ise Jingu Shrine).
Japanese: 当時の新聞が、ある大臣が伊勢神宮を訪れた際、社殿にあった御簾をステッキでどけて中を覗いたと報じ（伊勢神宮不敬事件）問題となった。
English: People suspected that the "Minister" could be Mori because he was a radical westernizationist.
Japanese: この「大臣」とは森のことではないのかと、急進的な洋化主義者であった森は人々から疑いの目が向けられる事となった。
English: Whether or not this was true is uncertain, but this incident was one of the causes of Mori's assassination.
Japanese: この事件は事実かどうかは定かではないが、この一件は森が暗殺される要因の一つになった。
English: In 1872, he sent a letter to William Dwight Whitney, a professor of linguistics of Yale University to ask if English except its irregular verbs should be adopted to Japan as a national language.
Japanese: 1872年にはエール大学の言語学教授ウィリアム・ドワイト・ホイットニー宛てに不規則動詞を除いた英語を国語とするべきかどうか、という書簡を送っている。
English: However, Whitiney opposed to the abolition of Japanese except the case of using Roman characters in writing, expressing a negative opinion on the use of simplified English.
Japanese: が、ホイットニーは、簡略化した英語に否定的な見解を示した上で、日本語のローマ字化を除いては日本語の廃止に反対した。
English: Arimasa MORI (1911 - 1976), a scholar of French literature and a philosopher was a grandson of Arinori.
Japanese: 仏文学者・哲学者の森有正（1911-1976）は、有礼の孫にあたる。
English: There was a gap between the general public and Arinori since he had a radical idea, and therefore he was criticized and called "Meiroku no yurei (which is a pun for his name "有礼" that can also be pronounced "yurei") (the ghost of the Meirokusha)".
Japanese: また急進的な考えを持っていたので大衆とのギャップが出来てしまい、国民から揶揄され「明六の幽霊（有礼）」と呼ばれた。
English: Nagakiyo OGASAWARA was a military commander from Kai Province who lived in the last days of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 小笠原長清（おがさわらながきよ）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前期の甲斐国の武将。
English: It is said that he succeeded to Ogasawarago, Koma district, Kai Province among the territory of his father Tomitsu Kagami who served Emperor Takakura as an Imperial Palace Guard and that he was granted the family name of Ogasawara from Emperor Takakura when the time came to celebrate his coming of age.
Japanese: 高倉天皇に滝口武者として仕えた父・加賀美遠光の所領のうち、甲斐国巨摩郡小笠原郷を相続して、元服の折に高倉天皇より小笠原の姓を賜ったとされる。
English: It is said that when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army, he was a hikan (a low-level bureaucrat) of TAIRA no Tomonori together with Mitsutomo AKIYAMA, his older brother, and they joined Yoritomo's army by having the authorization from Tomonori to return home under the pretext of their mother's becoming sick.
Japanese: 源頼朝挙兵時は、兄・秋山光朝とともに京都で平知盛の被官であったとされ、母の病気を理由に帰国を願い出て許され、源頼朝の下に参じたと伝えられる。
English: In addition, he and Nobumitsu TAKEDA, Yukiuji UNNO and Shigetaka MOCHIZUKI were called 'the big four in the archery and equestrianism' and he became the grand master of Kyuho (manners in time of peace and campaign strategy in times of war; Japanese horse-back archery technique) founded by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo when he was 26 years old; with these activities he built the base of the Ogasawara clan as shogunal retainer of the Kamakura Shogunate.
Japanese: また武田信光・海野幸氏・望月重隆と並んで「弓馬四天王」と称されて、26歳のときに源頼朝の糾法（弓馬術礼法）師範となるなど、鎌倉幕府の御家人としての小笠原氏の基礎を築いた。
English: After Yoritomo died, Nagakiyo was implicated in the Rebellion of Yoshikazu HIKI and accordingly he was punished because his son had been an attendant of the second Shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie, and owing to this incident, the Ogasawara clan fell at one time, but he became the 'deputy of the seven provinces' as one of the Daishogun (commander in chief) of Tosando and made a great contribution to the Jokyu War, and thanks to this achievement he became the Awa no kuni shugo (provincial constable of Awa Province) in 1221.
Japanese: 頼朝の没後、子の弥太郎長経が二代将軍源頼家の近習であった事から、比企能員の変に連座して処罰されたため一時小笠原氏は没落するが、承久の乱で東山道の大将軍の一人として「七ケ国管領」となり功績を挙げ、承久3年（1221年）に阿波国守護となる。
English: Muneharu YABE (1469-1489?) was a Samurai of Inaba Province at the end of the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 矢部宗春（やべむねはる、文明(日本)元年（1469年）-延徳元年（1489年）?）は室町時代末期の因幡国の武士。
English: In "Chikamoto Nikki" (Chikamoto's diary) (in the article of August 27, 1481 on the old calendar), Muneharu first appeared on record as "Hachiro YABE."
Japanese: 『親元日記』（文明(日本)13年（1481年）8月27日(旧暦)条）に「矢部八郎」として登場するのが史料上の初見である。
English: He was thirteen years old at that time, and got to see Sadamune ISE (伊勢貞宗), a Mandokoro shitsuji (chief of the Administrative Board) of the Muromachi bakufu, with his father Sadatoshi.
Japanese: 当時13歳であった宗春は父・定利と共に室町幕府政所執事・伊勢貞宗と対面した。
English: On November 14, 1483 on the old calendar, however, Muneharu participated in Inuoumono (dog-hunting event) with Sadamoto MORI, and also in Inuoumono conducted at umaba (a horse-riding ground) of Masamoto HOSOKAWA on March 1, 1485 on the old calendar.
Japanese: しかし、2年後の文明15年（1483年）11月14日(旧暦)に催された犬追物では毛利貞元と共にこれに参加、同17年（1485年）3月1日(旧暦)の細川政元の馬場で行われた犬追物にも参加している。
English: Therefore, Muneharu might have taken over as head of the family already around that time, but it is not known.
Japanese: そのため、この頃には家督が移っていた可能性があるがはっきりとしない。
English: In addition, in the list of people took part in when Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA went to Goshu for battle on September 12, 1487 on the old calendar, the name "Hachiro YABE" is written.
Japanese: このほか、長享元年（1487年）9月12日(旧暦)に足利義尚が江州へ出陣した際に従軍した者の中に「矢部八郎」の名が見える。
English: There is an opinion that Muneharu worked as a Myodai (substitute) of his father, who lived in the Inaba Province, to establish relationship with the central government because Muneharu worked mainly in Kyoto.
Japanese: 一説に宗春の活動は京都が中心であることから、因幡に在国する父の名代として中央政界などとの繋がりを築くために活動していたとの指摘があり、父子間で役割分担をしていたのではないかといわれる。
English: In November of 1489 on the old calendar, his father Sadatoshi, who took part in the Second Rebellion of Jiro MORI and was attacked by the Toyotoki YAMANA's army, committed suicide with Masazane YAMANA.
Japanese: 延徳元年（1489年）11月(旧暦)、第2次毛利次郎の乱に参加した父・定利が山名豊時の軍勢に攻められ山名政実らと自刃した。
English: After 90 years in the Eiroku era, however, since the original family of the Yabe clan was restored, Muneharu might have survive.
Japanese: しかし、この後90年程下るが永禄年間には矢部氏の本家筋が復活していることから、宗春が生き延びたと考えることもできる。
English: Kunitomo Tobei Yoshimasa was the name of the smith, the Kunitomo Tobei family that produced teppo (gun) in Goshu Province which flourished as a place of teppo production until the Edo period.
Japanese: 国友藤兵衛能當は、江戸時代まで鉄砲の生産地として栄えた江州国友村の鉄砲師、国友藤兵衛家の鍛冶銘である。
English: KUNITOMO Tobei Shigeyuki (born in 1778 and died in 1840) was a teppo smith born in Kunitomo village, Sakata-gun, Omi Province (present-day Kunitomo-cho, Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture).
Japanese: 国友藤兵衛重恭（くにともとうべえしげゆき、1778年-1840年）は、近江国坂田郡国友村（現、滋賀県長浜市国友町）に生まれた鉄砲鍛冶。
English: He was named Ikkansai and 'Kunitomo Tobei' generally means Ikkansai.
Japanese: 一貫齋と号し、一般に「国友藤兵衛」と云えば、この一貫齋を指すことが多い。
English: He was known as a teppo smith as well as a craftsman who developed high-performance air guns equipped with a bottle filled with accumulated air pressure called 'kiho' and reflecting telescopes.
Japanese: 本業の鉄砲のほか、「気炮」と呼ばれる蓄気ボンベ式の高性能空気銃や反射望遠鏡の開発で知られる。
English: Masashige was put in the Osaka-jo Castle as kanja (spy) by Katsushige ITAKURA, the provincial military governor of Kyoto (later Shoshidai [the representative of Samurai-dokoro in Kyoto]).
Japanese: 京都の守護（のちに所司代）板倉勝重は朝比奈を、間者として大坂城に入れておいた。
English: Asahina belonged to Nagazane ITO in Osaka-jo Castle and secretly informed Itakura of how the various things were discussed by people in the castle.
Japanese: 朝比奈は大坂城内では伊東長実に属し、城中の評議も模様をひそかに板倉に知らせた。
English: Ito was also a spy and he secretly informed Ieyasu about the raising of an army planned by Mitsunari ISHIDA prior to the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: この伊東も関ヶ原の戦いの前に石田三成の挙兵を家康に内報した人だった。
English: He belonged to Higuchi, the Provincial Governor of the Awaji Province, when the Siege of Osaka occurred in 1615 and he informed everything to Itakura.
Japanese: 元和(日本)元年（1615年）の大坂の役も、樋口淡路国守に属して逐一、板倉に報告。
English: Unshitsu (April 8, 1753-June 3, 1827) was a Japanese Buddhist priest and a scholar.
Japanese: 雲室（うんしつ、宝暦3年3月5日(旧暦)（1753年4月8日）-文政10年5月9日(旧暦)（1827年6月3日））は、日本の僧、学者。
English: Unshitsu went to Edo to study Ekiroso (I Ching, Laozi and Zhuangzi) and Confucianism, and in 1781, he was nominated for an academic position at Yushima Seido Temple (Confucian temple).
Japanese: 江戸に出て易老荘、儒学を学び、天明元年（1781年）湯島聖堂の学職に挙げられた。
English: Furthermore, in 1788, Unshitsu built Jikendo school in Ageo-shuku, founded 'Shusei-gijuku' private school where he educated kyoto (people from the same hometown) of Ageo-shuku.
Japanese: また後天明8年（1788年）上尾宿で二賢堂をたて「聚正義塾」を開き、郷党の指導にあたった。
English: In 1792, he succeeded the 26th head priest of Komyo-ji Temple in Edo Nishikubo (present-day Toranomon, Minato Ward, Tokyo).
Japanese: 寛政4年（1792年）には江戸西久保光明寺（現東京都港区(東京都)虎ノ門）の二十六世を嗣ぐ。
English: Setting his goal at masterpieces of Song, Yuan (Mongolian) and Ming Dynasties of China, Unshitsu continued artistic training in the field of painting, and his artist friends were Toko SAWADA, Buncho TANI, Fuyo SUZUKI and many others.
Japanese: また、画は目標を宋(王朝)、元(王朝)、明の名画に置き研鑽を続け、その画友に沢田東江、谷文晁、鈴木芙蓉その他多く知られている。
English: Gunji MONONOBE (years of birth and death unknown) worked under Chikatomo YUKI in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 物部郡司（もののべ　ぐんじ、生没年不詳）は鎌倉時代、結城親朝に属した。
English: According to 'Kojiruien' (encyclopedia complied in the Meiji period), he was in charge of Kancho (Kanja [spy], Choja [spy], Ninja [secret agent]) in military affairs.
Japanese: 「古事類苑」では、兵事のうち、間諜（または間者、諜者、忍者）の中にある。
English: According to 'Taiheiki' (The Record of Great Peace) vol. 34, in the battle of the Tateishi-jo Castle, four young samurai including him carried out a night attack on Kusunoki and Wada, aiming to die by falling upon each other's swords.
Japanese: 「太平記」巻34.立石城戦に若党4人と楠木・和田と刺し違えて死ぬつもりで夜討ちに出た。
English: However, the Kusunoki-Wada side was cautious enough to search for mingled persons by torchlight.
Japanese: だが、楠木・和田方も手落ちなく、松明を出して探索、紛れ込んだ者を調べた。
English: Koki NAKAMURA (his name can also be called Hirotake) (November, 1838 - July 3, 1887) was a feudal retainer of Tosa Province in the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 中村弘毅（なかむらこうき/ひろたけ、天保9年（1838年）11月_(旧暦)－明治20年（1887年）7月3日）は、幕末の土佐藩藩士。
English: He became an assistant professor at a domain school, Chido-kan (Confucian school) as soon as it was established in 1862, and then was promoted to a professor during the year.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）に藩校致道館の設立と同時に助教となり、同年中に教授に昇進。
English: He held various posts such as Minbu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) and Kunai taijo (Senior Secretary of Imperial Household Ministry), but he was later dismissed from his post and forfeited Iki (court rank diploma) for punishment.
Japanese: 民部大丞・宮内大丞などを歴任するが、後に免官・位記剥奪処分を受ける。
English: He later came back to the former post through the mediation of Tomomi IWAKURA, Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and then he became a grand secretary of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) in 1877 and the first Chief Secretary of the Cabinet two years later.
Japanese: 後に右大臣岩倉具視の取り成しによって復官し、明治10年（1877年）に太政官大書記官、2年後に初代内閣書記官長となる。
English: (In those days, however, the cabinet was different from the present system, and was a closed collegiate body within Daijokan.)
Japanese: （ただし、この時代の内閣は今日の内閣制度とは違い太政官内の非公式合議体であった。）
English: He re-appointed to Kobu no shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of Industry) in 1884, but came back to Genro gikan soon.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）に工部少輔に転じるが間もなく元老院議官に復帰した。
English: Politically, he belonged to a hard-line conservative emphasizing direct imperial rule (Chuseiha [neutral group]), the same group as Takayuki SASAKI, Tateki TANI, and Hisamoto HIJIKATA.
Japanese: 政治的には佐々木高行や谷干城、土方久元と同じ天皇親政・保守強硬派（中正派）に属していた。
English: However, he thought that conservatives in Tosa and advocates of Freedom and Popular Rights needed to joined together to change politics led by domain cliques and made efforts for alliance between the both parties, but he died of illness without fulfilling his life ambition.
Japanese: が、藩閥主導の政治を変えるためには土佐の保守派と自由民権派が手を携えるべきであると考えて両者の提携に尽力したが、志半ばで病死した。
English: FUJIWARA no Kuromaro (year of birth unknown - 810) was a retainer of the Imperial Court who lived from the end of the Nara period to the beginning of the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原黒麻呂（ふじわらのくろまろ、生年未詳-弘仁元年(810年)）は、奈良時代末期から平安時代初期の廷臣。
English: According to the 'Choya Gunsai' (The Collected Official and Unofficial Writings), he turned wastelands in the area into farmland, and he established a manor called 'Mobara no Sho' (the Mobara manor).
Japanese: 「朝野群載」によれば、近辺の原野を開墾して牧野とし「藻原荘」として成立させたとされる。
English: OSHIUMI no Okuni (year of birth and death unknown) was a person in the Asuka period in Japan.
Japanese: 忍海大国（おしうみのおおくに、生没年不明）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
English: On that day, Kokushi of Tsushima Province, OSHIUMI no Miyatsuko Okuni reported, "Our Province yielded silver for the first time in Japan and we will offer it to the Imperial Court".
Japanese: この日、対馬国司守の忍海造大国は、「銀が初めて当国から出たので貢上します」と知らせた。
English: Yoshiteru MURAKAMI (year of birth unknown - April 15, 1333) was a Japanese military commander in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 村上義光（むらかみよしてる、生年不詳-元弘3年/正慶2年2月1日(旧暦)（1333年4月15日））は鎌倉時代後期の武将。
English: According to "Taiheiki" (The Record of Great Peace), he served Imperial Prince Moriyoshi who fled the Hannya-ji Temple in Nara to Kumano, after the Genko Incident.
Japanese: 『太平記』によると元弘の変の後、奈良の般若寺から熊野へ逃れる護良親王に従う。
English: Then Shoji IMOSE replied, 'Give me one or two distinguished subjects instead of allowing you to pass, so I can do my duty to the shogunate.'
Japanese: その際、芋瀬庄司は「幕府へ面子を立てる為、通すかわりに名のある臣を一人二人寄越せ」と返答してきた。
English: If we pretend that we relinquished the Imperial standard and escaped safely after a fierce fight, we can save Shoji IMOSE's face as well.'
Japanese: 「御旗を渡して激闘の末逃げ延びた事にすれば芋瀬庄司の立場も守れる。」
English: Accepting his suggestion, they relinquished their valuable Imperial standard to Shoji IMOSE and managed to overcome this difficult situation.
Japanese: これを聞き入れて、大事な錦の御旗を芋瀬庄司に下して、何とか難所を乗り越えた。
English: Yoshiteru got very angry and said, 'How dare someone like you have done such things to the Imperial Prince !'
Japanese: 義光は激昂し、「帝の御子に対して、貴様ごときがなんということを！」といった。
English: When Mt. Yoshino was fallen by Sadafuji NIKAIDO's massive force, he shouted in order to let the Imperial Prince Moriyoshi escape safely, 'I am Ippon Hyobukyo (Imperial Prince of the first rank, Minister for Military Affairs), Imperial Prince Moriyoshi, the second son of Emperor Godaigo who was the 95th generation from Emperor Jinmu, the descendant of Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess). Look at how I am going to kill myself now in order not to be overthrown by rebellious subjects and settle my grudge in the afterworld, and follow what I've done when you have to commit seppuku after using up your fortune of war.'
Japanese: 吉野山が二階堂貞藤の大軍に攻められ陥落する際、護良親王を逃すため、「天照太神御子孫、神武天王より九十五代の帝、後醍醐天皇第二の皇子一品兵部卿親王尊仁、逆臣の為に亡され、恨を泉下に報ぜん為に、只今自害する有様見置て、汝等が武運忽に尽て、腹をきらんずる時の手本にせよ」と叫んだ。
English: On that occasion, his son, Yoshitaka, tried to kill himself with Yoshiteru, but Yoshiteru stopped this and told him to protect the Imperial Prince.
Japanese: なお、子の義隆も義光と共に死のうとしたが、義光はこれを止め、宮を守るよう言いつけた。
English: After that, Yoshitaka worked hard to let Imperial Prince escape safely, but he was injured all over, exhausted, and committed seppuku.
Japanese: その後、義隆は宮を落ち延びさせるため奮闘し、満身創痍となり力尽き、切腹し自害した。
English: (There is a heroic anecdote about him that he pulled his gut off and threw it to the enemy even after committing seppuku.)
Japanese: （切腹しなお、自らのはらわたを引きちぎり、敵に投げつけたという、壮絶な逸話がある）。
English: Akimasa YOSHIKAWA (January 21, 1842 - January 10, 1920) was a government official and a statesman in Japan.
Japanese: 芳川顕正（よしかわあきまさ、1842年1月21日（天保12年12月10日(旧暦)）-1920年（大正9年）1月10日）は、日本の官僚、政治家。
English: He held the following posts: (the eighth) Governor of Tokyo, a member of the House of Peers (of Japan), (the sixth) Minister of Justice, (the sixth, seventh and eleventh) Minister of Education, (the twelfth, sixteenth and twenty third) Minister of Home Affairs, (the ninth and twelfth) Minister of Communication, and (the fourth) Vice Chairman of the Privy Council.
Japanese: 東京都知事一覧（第8代）、貴族院(日本)、司法大臣（第6代）、文部大臣（第6代、第7代、第11代）、内務大臣（第12代、第16代、第23代）、逓信大臣（第9代、第12代）、枢密院副議長（第4代）を務めた。
English: He joined the government after the Meiji Restoration, and then he was assigned to National Printing Bureau of Ministry of the Treasury in 1872 and became the Governor of Tokyo in 1882.
Japanese: 明治維新後政府に入り、1872年大蔵省国立印刷局、1882年、東京府知事に就任する。
English: He was known as a close advisor for Aritomo YAMAGATA and appointed to the Minister of Education in the first Yamagata cabinet.
Japanese: 山縣有朋の側近として知られ、1890年、第1次山縣内閣で文部大臣に就任。
English: He was appointed to the first president of the sexually transmitted disease prevention association (present Japanese Foundation for Sexual Health Medicine) when it was established.
Japanese: 1907年、日本花柳病予防協会（現在の性の健康医学財団）設立に伴い初代会長に就任。
English: He participated in the establishment of Nanyo Kyokai (the predecessor of Intercultural Communication Foundation) and became the first chairman in 1915.
Japanese: 1915年、南洋協会（異文化コミュニケーション財団の前身）設立に参画し初代会頭に就任。
English: Nagatsune AKAZAWA was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period (the late Muromachi period).
Japanese: 赤沢長経（あかざわながつね）は、戦国時代(日本)（室町時代後期）の武将。
English: He served Masamoto together with his foster father, Tomotsune, and on the order of Masamoto, he and Tomotsune attacked Yoshiari ISSHIKI of Tango Province in July, 1506.
Japanese: 養父・朝経と共に政元に仕え、永正4年（1506年）6月には政元の命令により養父と共に丹後国の一色義有を攻めた。
English: However, his lord, Masamoto HOSOKAWA was assassinated by Nagatada YAKUSHIJI, who was a senior vassal of Sumiyuki HOSOKAWA, and his group in the middle of the attack.
Japanese: ところが戦いの最中に主君の細川政元が細川澄之派の重臣・薬師寺長忠らによって暗殺されてしまう。
English: The troop of Nagatsune was counterattacked by Yoshiari ISSHIKI and local clans of Tango Province, and Tomotsune committed suicide, but Nagatsune was barely able to evacuate from the battle, and became a vassal of Sumimoto HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 一色義有や丹後国人衆の反撃を受けて朝経は自害したが、長経は奇跡的に逃げ延びて細川澄元の家臣として仕えることとなった。
English: Sumimoto attacked Sumiyuki in order to regain Kyoto in September, and at that time, Nagatsune spearheaded the attack and rendered distinguished service.
Japanese: 8月に澄元が京都奪還を目指して澄之を攻めたときには先陣を務めて武功を挙げた。
English: In 1508, his lord, Sumimoto and Takakuni HOSOKAWA disputed reigns of HOSOKAWA family, and Nagatsune fought, as the subject of Sumimoto, with Hisanobu HATAKEYAMA who was a vassal of TAKAKUNI clan in Kawachi Province, but he was put to rout.
Japanese: 永正5年（1508年）、主君の澄元と細川高国が細川家の家督をめぐって抗争すると、長経も澄元派として高国派の畠山尚順と河内国で戦ったが、敗れて逃走する。
English: Sowa ISOGAI (1854 - 1940) was Iemoto (the head family) of Soen-kei group of Sekishu school.
Japanese: 磯貝宗和（いそがいそうわ、1854年-1940年）は、石州流宗猿系の家元。
English: Nobumichi YAMADA (December 13, 1833 - March 11, 1900) was a government official and a statesman in Japan.
Japanese: 山田信道（やまだのぶみち、1833年12月13日（天保4年11月3日(旧暦)）-1900年（明治33年）3月11日）は、日本の官僚、政治家。
English: In 1863, he was captured by the bakufu for the Coup of August 18 and sentenced to five-year imprisonment.
Japanese: 1863年、八月十八日の政変により幕府に捕らわれ、拘禁5年の判決を受ける。
English: He joined the new government after the Meiji Restoration and was appointed to the governor of Esashi Prefecture, following the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871.
Japanese: 明治維新後に新政府に入り、1871年の廃藩置県に伴い江刺県権知事に任命される。
English: Ryoo DOKAKU was a monk of the Obaku sect of Buddhism (he was born on April 29, 1630 and died on June 21, 1707) and a contributor to several social programs during the early phase of the Edo period, such as education and culture, social welfare, and public utilities.
Japanese: 了翁道覚（りょうおうどうかく、寛永7年3月18日（1630年4月29日）-宝永4年5月22日（1707年6月21日））は、江戸時代前期、教育文化、社会福祉、公共事業など各種の社会事業に貢献した黄檗宗の僧。
English: On April 29, 1630, Ryoo DOKAKU was born into the Suzuki family, a poor farming family in Maeda (currently, Hatayama-Mura, Yuzawa City, Akita Prefecture), Yawata Village of Ogachi County in Dewa Province (later, Ugo Province).
Japanese: 了翁道覚禅師は寛永7年3月18日（1630年4月29日）に出羽国（後の羽後国）雄勝郡八幡村前田（現秋田県湯沢市幡野村）の貧農、鈴木家に生まれた。
English: In 1641, when Dokaku was twelve years old, he became a temple servant at the Chokeizan Ryusen-ji Temple of the Soto sect of Zen Buddhism, in Iwaikawa village of Ogachi County (present-day Aza Higashi mura, Iwaikawa, Higashinaruse village).
Japanese: 寛永18年（1641年）、12歳のときに雄勝郡岩井川村（現東成瀬村岩井川字東村）の曹洞宗長渓山龍泉寺の寺僕となった。
English: In 1643, at the age of fourteen, Ryoo visited the Chuson-ji Temple in Hiraizumi of Mutsu Province (later, Rikuchu Province) (present-day Hiraizumi-cho, Iwate Prefecture).
Japanese: 寛永20年（1643年）、14歳の了翁は陸奥国（後の陸中国）平泉の中尊寺（岩手県平泉町）を詣でた。
English: Then he found that many of the Buddhist scriptures were scattered and ultimately lost by that time.
Japanese: しかし、その際、多くの経典がすでに散逸してしまっていることを知った。
English: Therefore, Dokaku searched the neighboring areas and restored six volumes of the Kingin Kosho (Konshi Kingin Kosho Daihanyayo), which is known as a part of national treasures.
Japanese: そのため、近隣を探し回り、今日国宝の一部として知られる金銀交書（紺紙金銀交書大般若経）6巻を返納した。
English: Furthermore, Dokaku took an oath to devote his entire life toward two tasks; to collect the scattered and ultimately lost Buddhist scriptures and books and to build an Issai-kyo Zo (a depository to keep the complete collection of scriptures).
Japanese: さらにこれ以後、散逸した経典や群書の蒐集と一切経蔵建立の運動に一生を捧げることを誓った。
English: In 1644, Dokaku retuned to his hometown to see his father, who was ill, he prayed at the Hachiman-jinja Shrine, after his stay at the shrine, he continued to practice and learn as an ascetic monk in various places to make his big dream come true.
Japanese: 正保元年（1644年）、郷里の父を見舞いに帰って八幡神社に祈願しているが、こののち大願成就のため、八幡神社をはじめ各地で修行と学問の生活を続けている。
English: Dokaku stayed at the Hachiman-jinja Shrine for nearly four years, and devote himself to hard ascetic practices in the shrine such as ushinokoku mairi (worship service at 2 in the morning).
Japanese: 八幡神社には約4年とどまり、神社に籠もって丑の刻参りなどの厳しい修行に明け暮れたという。
English: During Ryoo's ascetic practices period, at age 18, he prayed at Kameoka Monju-do Hall in Yonezawa (present-day Takahata-cho, Yamagata Prefecture).
Japanese: この間、18歳のときに米沢の亀岡文殊堂（山形県高畠町）に祈願している。
English: In 1648, Ryoo moved into the Zuigan-ji Shrine located in Matsushima of the Sendai Domain (present-day Matsushima-cho, Miyagi Prefecture).
Japanese: 慶安元年（1648年）、仙台藩松島（宮城県松島町）の瑞巌寺にうつる。
English: The next year, 1649, Ryoo stayed at Tentoku-ji Temple located near the Kubota-jo Castle in Dewa Province (later, Ugo Province) (present-day Akita City, Akita Prefecture).
Japanese: さらに、翌慶安2年には出羽国（後の羽後国）久保田城下（秋田県秋田市）の天徳寺に掛錫した。
English: In the same year, Ryoo stayed in the Sorin-ji Temple of Kozuke Province (present-day Shibukawa City [formerly called Komochi-mura], Gunma Prefecture) and conduct hard ascetic practices for 100 days long, so he stopped eating cooked food and stayed in the temple praying to Suwa Myojin (great god).
Japanese: そして、同年上野国雙林寺(渋川市)（群馬県渋川市（旧子持村））において100日間、火食を断じて諏訪明神に参篭する荒修行をおこなった。
English: In 1654, Ryoo heard from a monk learning with him that Ryuki INGEN (Yinyuan Longqi), a priest of great sanctity and learning from Ming dynasty would visit Japan.
Japanese: 承応3年（1654年）、同学の僧より明の高僧隠元隆琦が来日する話を聞いた。
English: Later, in July of the same year, Ryoo visited Ingen while Ingen was staying at the Kofuku-ji Temple (present-day Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture), afterward Ingen allowed Ryoo to become his disciple.
Japanese: そののち、同年7月、興福寺(長崎市)（長崎県長崎市）に滞留中の隠元を訪ね、入門を許された。
English: However, soon after Ryoo became seriously ill, so he headed to Edo in 1655 for his medical treatment passing through Saga Province.
Japanese: ところが間もなく大病に冒されたため、療養のため佐賀を経て翌承応4年江戸に向う。
English: Ryoo again studied under Ryuki INGEN stayed at the Fumon-ji Temple in Shimagami, Settu Province (present-day Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture), and devoted himself to seek for the teachings of Buddha.
Japanese: そのため、再び摂津国嶋上（大阪府高槻市）の普門寺(高槻市)にあった隠元禅師に私淑して求道に励む。