nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Harumoto HOSOKAWA fought for the position of Kanrei, Naganao participated in the war together with his elder brother, Yojuro Naganobu as a member of the Harumoto side and, after the victory of Harumoto, he served as a close aide of Harumoto because his brother assumed the position of Yamashiro Gundai (Intendant of a region or administrator of a town) to supervise the territory of Hosokawa family in Yamashiro Province.
Japanese: 細川高国と細川晴元が管領の地位を巡って争った際には、長直は兄である与十郎長信とともに晴元側の一員として参戦し、晴元の勝利後には兄が山城郡代として山城国内の細川領を監督する地位に立ったために、長直も晴元の近臣として仕えた。
English: From its local situation, the Takabatake clan was connected with court nobles and Buddhism temples and Shinto shrines and, in particular, with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple located in the downstream of Katsura-gawa River and Yodo-gawa River.
Japanese: 高畠氏はその地域性から公家や寺社勢力とも繋がりを持ち、特に桂川から淀川を経た下流にあたる石山本願寺と密接な関係をもっていた。
English: In particular, he has a close connection with the chief priest of the Hongan-ji Temple, Shonyo, and, when Shonyo obtained a son (later, Kennyo) by a daughter of Shigenobu NIWATA, he delivered congratulations as an agent of the Kanrei, Harumoto.
Japanese: 特に本願寺門主証如とは親密な関係にあり、証如が庭田重直の娘との間に男子（後の顕如）が生まれた時には、管領・晴元の代理として祝辞を述べている。
English: After the death of Nagamasa KIZAWA, he succeeded the position of the Yamashiro Gundai of his elder brother, Naganobu and took part in the war against Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA and Masakuni HATAKEYAMA, who was united with Ujitsuna, on one hand, and had an audience with the Emperor Gonara following Harumoto in 1547, on the other.
Japanese: 木沢長政の死後、同じ頃に死去した兄・長信の後を受けて山城郡代となり、細川氏綱やこれと結ぶ畠山政国らとの戦いに参加する一方、天文15年には晴元に従って後奈良天皇に拝謁している。
English: However, the situation changed drastically, triggered by a breakaway from Chokei MIYOSHI, who was of Harumoto, to the Ujitsuna's side.
Japanese: だが、晴元の重臣三好長慶の氏綱方への離反をきっかけに状況は一変する。
English: In the Battle of Eguchi in 1549, Naganao, who took part in the troop of Masanaga MIYOSHI in the Harumoto's side was defeated and killed by the attack of Chokei MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 天文18年江口の戦いにおいて、晴元方三好政長の軍に参加した長直は三好長慶の攻撃によって敗死してしまうのである。
English: Recently, as it was confirmed the Naganao's compound is portrayed in Uesugibon Rakuchu Rakugai Zu (Scenes in and around the Capital of Kyoto, the Uesugi version), there were various discussions with respect to the time of the drawing.
Japanese: 近年、上杉本洛中洛外図に長直の屋敷が描かれている事が確認されたために、執筆年代との関係で様々な議論を呼んでいる。
English: Koan MORI (1701 - ?) was a cartographer in the mid-Edo period.
Japanese: 森幸安（もりこうあん）(1701（元禄14年）　-?)は、江戸時代中期に活躍した地図考証家。
English: He was somewhat of a mystery for a long time, but recently the whole picture has been gradually revealed.
Japanese: これまで謎のカルトグラファーと理解されてきたが徐々にその全貌が明らかになってきている。
English: It is said that he made his Nippon Yochizu (map of Japan) by combining maps of Japan and the world that he had collected or copied in Kyoto and Osaka from 1748 to 1763.
Japanese: 彼の製作した日本輿地図（にほんよちず）は寛延から宝暦の1748－1763年にかけて京都や大坂で日本や世界の地図を収集したり書き写しながらそれらの地図を組み合わせたと言われている。
English: Among those maps, the Nippon Bunyazu (map of Japan) included latitude and longitude lines for the first time and is noteworthy for including degrees of latitude.
Japanese: この中の日本分野図（日本地図）は、初めて緯線・経線が記され緯線には緯度も記されていることが注目される。
English: It is also noted for describing Take-shima Island (present-day Utsuryo-to Island), which Japan supposedly parted with during the Take-shima Ikken (The Take-shima Affair) at the end of the 17th century.
Japanese: また元禄期竹島一件により手放したと言われている竹島（現在の鬱陵島）が記されていることも注目される。
English: The maps are kept in various places, including the National Archives of Japan, Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine, Kyoto City Museum of Historical Materials, Kotohira-gu Shrine Library, Hakodate City Central Library.
Japanese: 国立公文書館、北野天満宮、京都市歴史資料館、金刀比羅宮図書館、函館市中央図書館などに伝存する。
English: The book included an astronomical chart, a world map, a map of Japan, maps of the 68 provinces of Japan, a map of castle towns, a map of shrines and temples, and a map of places of scenic beauty.
Japanese: 内容は、天文図、世界図、日本地図、日本六十八州地図、城下町図、神社仏閣図、名勝図となっている。
English: In other words, he attempted to create a spacial arrangement so that a person, by looking at the astronomical chart, then the world map, the map of Japan, and then the national map, could confirm where they were from a universal point of view.
Japanese: すなわち、天文図の次に世界図を見て、その次に日本図を見て、さらに国地図を見て、各図を見れば自らの居場所が宇宙視野で確認できるよう空間配置を試みた。
English: Tadataka INO conducted a survey to precisely describe terrain, but information such as who lives where was not included in his map.
Japanese: 伊能忠敬は測量して正確な地形を描き出したがどこに誰が住んでいるかといった情報は載せていない。
English: Commercial sightseeing maps by, for example, Yoshinaga HAYASHI, only described information relating to sightseeing.
Japanese: 林吉永のような民間の観光案内絵図では観光にかかわる情報しか載せていない。
English: In contrast, Koan attempted to include in the maps as much information as possible from past to present.
Japanese: これに対して、幸安は過去から現在まで情報をできる限り地図に載せることを試みた。
English: Unlike Tadataka INO, there is no evidence that he conducted a survey; however, he took an objective point of view by traveling mainly around the Kinai region (the five provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), gathering information from villagers and drawing on geographical descriptions of earlier scholars.
Japanese: 伊能忠敬のように測量した形跡はないが、畿内周辺を中心に歩きまわり、村人に聞いたり先学の地誌を参考にするなど客観的な描写態度をとっている。
English: Toko AKAHASHI (1306 - June 2, 1365) lived in the Kamakura period, the Northern and Southern Courts period and the Muromachi period and was the legitimate wife of Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was the first Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 赤橋登子（あかはしとうこ、徳治元年〔1306年〕-貞治4年/正平(日本)20年5月4日(旧暦)〔1365年5月25日〕）は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代(日本)・室町時代の人物で、室町幕府初代征夷大将軍足利尊氏の正室。
English: She had children, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who was the second Seii Taishogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Motouji ASHIKAGA who was the first Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) and Yoriko ASHIKAGA who was the Empress of the Emperor Suko.
Japanese: 子に、室町幕府二代征夷大将軍足利義詮、鎌倉公方初代公方足利基氏、足利頼子（崇光天皇皇后）。
English: As a part of measures to reconcile the relationship between the Hojo clan and Ashikaga clan, she married Takauji ASHIKAGA and gave birth to the heir, Senjuo (later, Yoshiakira) and she went through many hardships that Yoshiakira was sent to Kamakura as a hostage for the Hojo family and that as Takauji later turned against the Kamakura bakufu, as a result, the Hojo family including her elder brother, Moritoki was ruined..
Japanese: 北条氏と足利氏との融和策の一環として足利高氏（当時）に嫁ぎ、嫡男千寿王（のちの義詮）を産んだが、北条家への人質として鎌倉に差し出されたり、のちに高氏が鎌倉幕府に反抗したため、結果として兄の守時を含む北条一門が族滅の憂き目にあうなど辛酸をなめた。
English: After that also, the disturbance of war between the Southern Court and the Northern Court intensified and her unhappy situation continued as a confrontation between her sons, Yoshiakira and Motouji evolved after the death of her husband, Takauji, but she watched the growth of her grandson Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (later, Yoshimitsu) and died in 1365.
Japanese: その後も南北朝の戦乱がますます激化し、さらに夫の尊氏の死後に子の義詮と基氏とが対立するなど不幸な境遇は続いたものの、孫の足利義満（後の義満）の成長を見守りながら1365年に没した。
English: It seems that her family relationship with Takauji and Yoshiakira was good and, after her death, by Yoshiakira's arrangement, a part of her ashes was buried in the temple where a part of ashes of Takauji's mother, Kiyoko UESUGI, and Takauji had been buried.
Japanese: 尊氏や義詮との家族仲は良好であったらしく、没後は義詮のはからいで尊氏の母上杉清子や尊氏の遺骨が分骨されている寺に彼女の遺骨も分骨された。
English: Sanenatsu TOIN (1315 - July 6, 1367) was a court noble (Naidaijin (minister of the center) (Jimyoin-to (Imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu)) who lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 洞院実夏（とういんさねなつ、正和4年（1315年）-貞治6年/正平(日本)22年6月1日(旧暦)（1367年6月28日））は、南北朝時代_(日本)の公卿（内大臣（持明院統））。
English: He was ranked at Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) when he was seventeen years old and, soon later, he celebrated his genpuku (the coming-of-age ceremony for a boy in the old days) and assumed the position of a Jiju (chamberlain), Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guard).
Japanese: 17歳で従五位下に叙せられ、間もなく元服して後醍醐天皇の侍従・近衛府となる。
English: In the era of the Emperor Kogon, he was once promoted up to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), but in line with the restoration of the Emperor Godaigo, it became invalid.
Japanese: 光厳天皇の治世下で一旦は従四位下にまで昇進するが、1333年の後醍醐天皇復位に伴って無効とされる。
English: When Takauji ASHIKAGA helped the Emperor Komyo to the throne and the Emperor Godaigo escaped to Yoshino, Sanenatsu rendered service together with his father to the new emperor and, as his elder brother, Saneyo TOIN, who was the heir, joined the Southern Court and was disinherited, Sanenatsu, who was the second son, inherited the Toin family.
Japanese: 足利尊氏が光明天皇を擁立して後醍醐天皇が吉野に逃れた際に、実夏は父とともに新帝に仕えるが、嫡男である兄の洞院実世が南朝(日本)に参加したために廃嫡となり、次男の実夏が洞院家を継承する事になった。
English: In 1337, when his father resigned from the Udaijin (minister of the right), Sanenatsu was promoted to a Sangi (royal advisor) and, within the same year, he was also promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and became a court noble.
Japanese: 1337年、父が右大臣を辞任すると参議に昇進し、その年のうちに従三位となって公卿に列した。
English: After that, his promotion continued to the Gon Chunagon (provisional vice-councilor of state) in 1340, Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 1342, Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 1346, Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) in 1347 and Shonii (Senior Second Rank) in 1355.
Japanese: 以後、1340年に権中納言、1342年に正三位、1346年従二位、1347年に権大納言、1355年に正二位へと昇進を重ねる。
English: In 1364, however, he resigned from all official positions by reason of his illness and the Juichii (Junior First Rank) was given to him and he died three years later.
Japanese: だが、1364年には病気を理由に役職を退き、代わりに従一位が与えられてその3年後に死去している。
English: He left his diary "Sanenatsu-ko Ki" that was written from the next year of his appointment to a Sangi for fourteen years.
Japanese: 参議就任の翌年（1338年）から14年にわたって書かれた日記『実夏公記』が伝わっている。
English: OE no Koretoki (888 - July 5, 963) was a noble and scholar who lived in the Heian period.
Japanese: 大江維時（おおえ・の・これとき　仁和4年（888年）-応和3年6月7日(旧暦)（963年7月5日））は平安時代の貴族、学者。
English: He was also well known as a scholar and served as a Jidoku (emperor's tutor) for the Emperor Daigo, the Emperor Suzaku and the Emperor Murakami.
Japanese: 学者としても名が高く、醍醐天皇・朱雀天皇・村上天皇の侍読を担当した。
English: He visited Tang to learn and study the Chinese art of warfare 'Sanryaku' (Three Strategies of Huang Shi Gong) and wrote a book describing it across 120 volumes which were named 'Kunetsushu.'
Japanese: また、唐に留学して中国の兵法「三略」を学び、それを「訓閲集」という120巻の書物に記している。
English: It is also said that he might be the author of "Tosenkyo" which is said to be the oldest book of warfare in Japan.
Japanese: また、我が国最古の兵書といわれる『闘戦経』の作者ではないかとされる。
English: He had a splendid memory and it seems that he memorized the year other people died as well as changes in mansion title for other people.
Japanese: 記憶力に優れ、他人の死没年や屋敷の移り変わりの様子なども把握していたようだ。
English: On January 7, 934, he was promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) and he retained his positions as Daigaku no Suke, Monjo Hakase and Kii no Gon no Suke.
Japanese: 934年（承平4）1月7日、従五位上に昇叙し、大学助・文章博士・紀伊権介元の如し。
English: On January 7, 939, he was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and he retained his positions as Shikibu Shoyu, Daigaku no Suke, Monjo Hakase and Kii no Gon no Suke.
Japanese: 939年（天慶2）1月7日、正五位下に昇叙し、式部少輔・大学助・文章博士・紀伊権介元の如し。
English: On January 7, 941, he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and he retained his positions as Shikibu Shoyu, Daigaku no Kami, Monjo Hakase and Kii no Gon no Suke. (an example of holding the post of three offices)
Japanese: 941年（天慶4）1月7日、従四位下に昇叙し、式部少輔・大学頭・文章博士・紀伊権介元の如し。（三職兼帯の例）
English: On April 28, he was promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and he retained his positions as Shikibu taifu, Daigaku no Kami, Monjo Hakase, Togu Gakushi and Bizen no Kami.
Japanese: 4月28日、正四位下に昇叙し、式部大輔・大学頭・文章博士・東宮学士・備前守如元。
English: On February 7, 955, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and he retained his positions as Sangi and Shikibu Gon no Taifu.
Japanese: 955年（天暦9）2月7日、従三位に昇叙し、参議・式部権大輔元の如し。
English: FUJIWARA no Yamakage (824 - March 24, 888) was a noble who lived in the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原山蔭（ふじわらのやまかげ、824年（天長元年）－888年3月20日（仁和4年2月4日(旧暦)））は平安時代の貴族。
English: After he held varioud positions in succession starting from Sama no Daijo (Senior Secretary of the Left Division of Bureau of Horses) in 854, he assumed the postion of Kurodo (Chamberlain) of the Emperor Seiwa and carried out remarkable service as his close aide and assumed the postion of the Kurodo no To (Head Chamberlain) in 875 and Udaiben (Major Controller of the Right) two years later.
Japanese: 仁寿4年（854年）の左馬大允を振り出しに諸官を歴任後、清和天皇の蔵人となってその側近として活躍して貞観_(日本)17年（875年）に蔵人頭、2年後に右大弁となった。
English: When the Emperor Seiwa abdicated, he made up his mind to retire, but he was persuaded by the Emperor Yozei not to resign and promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) Sangi (Royal Advisor) in 879 and Sadaiben (Major Controller of the Left) three years later and Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and Chunagon in 886.
Japanese: 清和天皇が退位すると、引退を決意するが陽成天皇に慰留されて元慶3年（879年）に従四位上参議、3年後には左大弁となり、仁和2年（886年）従三位中納言となった。
English: Before this time, the Takahashi clan (descendents of Iwakamutsukari no Mikoto) had managed Hochoshiki (ceremony for the use of kitchen knives), and he devised new Hochoshiki (cooking) that was different from the traditional one in accordance with the order of the Emperor Koko.
Japanese: これまで磐鹿六雁命の末裔高橋氏が庖丁式を執り行っていたが、光孝天皇の命により今までとは別の新たな庖丁式（料理）を編み出した。
English: He also built and founded the Yoshida-jinja Shrine, that was one of nineteen hoheisha (Shinto shrine to which a wand of hemp and paper streamers are offered) and Soji-ji Temple, that was the twenty-second fudasho (an office in a temple where ofuda (a strip of paper or small wooden tablet, often considered talismanic, on which were written words of religious significance) were distributed to worshippers) of the Saigoku Thirty-three Kannon Pilgrimage of Shingon sect (Ibaraki City).
Japanese: また十九奉幣社のひとつ吉田神社と真言宗西国三十三箇所観音霊場・二十二番札所總持寺(茨木市)を建立・創建している。
English: FUJIARA no Norinaga (1109 - 1180) was a noble who lived during the late Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原教長（ふじわらののりなが、天仁2年（1109年）-治承4年（1180年）は平安時代末期の公家。
English: While he held various positions such as Uchujo (Middle Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), Sangi (Royal Advisors) and Sakyo no Daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) in succession, he was known as a tanka poet and a person with good handwriting and he taught penmanship to FUJIWARA no Tadamichi.
Japanese: 右中将、参議、左京大夫などを歴任する一方、歌人・能書家としてもその名を知られ、藤原忠通の書の師範を務めたほどであった。
English: He was promoted smoothly and achieved Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 1149, the highest position he ever attained.
Japanese: 昇進も順調で、久安5年（1149年）には、自身極位となる正三位に昇っている。
English: On the occasion of the Hogen War in 1156, he joined the plot of the Retired Emperor Sutoku and FUJIWARA no Yorinaga.
Japanese: 保元元年（1156年）に勃発した保元の乱に際しては、崇徳上皇・藤原頼長に加担。
English: He played a leading role and, repeatedly tried to persuade MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi and succeeded in making him join his side.
Japanese: 源為義に対して再三の説得工作を行い自軍に参加させるなど、中心的な役割を担った。
English: After the defeat of the Retired Emperor, he became a priest (his homyo (Buddhist name) was Shinren or Kanren) and surrendered, signaling his allegiance, but he was not forgiven and exiled to Hitachi Province.
Japanese: 上皇方の敗北後は出家（法名は親蓮あるいは観蓮）・投降し、恭順の意を示したが、赦されず常陸国に配流となった。
English: In 1162, six years after the War, he was called back to the capital and entered Mt. Koya.
Japanese: 乱から六年後の応保2年（1162年）に都に召還され、高野山に入った。
English: Later, in the Angen era (1175 through 1177), when serious incidents such as the Shishigatani Affair and the great fire of Angen occurred in n succession, he reportedly insisted worshiping Sutoku and Yorinaga as gods to calm their divine wrath..
Japanese: その後、安元年間（1175年-1177年）において鹿ケ谷の陰謀や安元の大火といった大事件が相次いだ際には、崇徳や頼長を神霊として祀り、その祟りを鎮めるべきである、と主張したという。
English: He left collections including "Shui Kokin Wakashu" and "Hindoshu" and works such as "Kokinshuchu" and "Saiyosho" (teachings on calligraphy).
Japanese: 家集として『拾遺古今和歌集』、『貧道集』、著書に『古今集註』、『才葉抄』がある。
English: FUJIWARA no Akitaka (1072 - 1129) was a noble who lived in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原顕隆（ふじわらのあきたか、延久4年（1072年）-大治4年（1129年））は平安時代末期の公家。
English: FUJIWARA no Akiyori and FUJIWARA no Akinaga were his son and his daughter married FUJIWARA no Saneyoshi, Tokudaiji no Sadaijin (minister of the left), and gave birth to FUJIWARA no Kinyoshi.
Japanese: 子に藤原顕頼、藤原顕長、娘は徳大寺左大臣藤原実能の妻となり、藤原公能を産む。
English: He assumed the position of Sashoben (Minor Controller of the Left) in 1099, Bokashi (administration of the Kamo-gawa River) in 1101, Harima no Suke (Assistant Governor of Harima Province) in 1102, Togubo (Crown Prince's Quarters) in 1103, Uchuben (Middle Controller of the Right) in 1106, Sachuben (Middle Controller of the Left) in 1109, Kura no Kami (Director in the Bureau of Palace Storehouses) in 1115, Kokushi (provincial governor) of Omi Province also in 1110, again Omi no Kami (Governor of Omi Province) in 1114, Udaiben (Major Controller of the Right) and concurrently Kurodo no To (Head Chamberlain) in 1115, and Echizen no Kuni Gon no Kami (Provisional Governor of Echizen Province) in 1117.
Japanese: 康和元年(1099年)左少弁、康和3年(1101年)防鴨河使、康和4年(1102年)播磨介、康和5年(1103年)春宮坊、嘉承元年(1106年)右中弁、天仁2年(1109年)左中弁、天仁3年(1110年)内蔵頭、同年近江国国司、永久(元号)2年(1114年)近江守（重任）、永久3年(1115年)右大弁兼蔵人頭、永久5年(1117年)越前国権守。
English: He held various positions successively as Chugu no Suke (Assistant Master of the Consort's Household) in 1118, Suo no Kuni Gon no Kami (Provisional Governor of Suo Province) in 1121 and Sangi (Royal Advisors) in 1123 and also Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) in the same year.
Japanese: 永久6年(1118年)中宮亮、保安(元号)2年(1121年)周防国権守、保安3年(1123年)参議、同年権中納言を歴任した。
English: He was often involved in important decision making that exceeded jurisdiction of his official post as seen in the case in which, when FUJIWARA no Tadazane resigned from Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) in 1120, he rejected the proposal to appoint Tadazane's uncle, FUJIWARA no Ietada as the successor.
Japanese: 保安元年(1120年)藤原忠実が関白を辞した際には忠実の叔父藤原家忠の後継就任案を退けるなど、自らの官職を越えて重要な政策の決定に関わることが多かった。
English: According to "Imakagami" (The Mirror of the Present), as such cases often occurred in the night, people gave him the nickname, 'Kanpaku of the night.'
Japanese: 『今鏡』によれば、それが夜になってからのことが多かったので、世上「夜の関白」と徒名されたという。
English: In "Chuyuki" (diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada), it was mentioned that 'politics are determined by his words' and he could be considered a politician representative of the insei (cloister government) period.
Japanese: 『中右記』には「天下の政、この人の言にあり」とまで述べられており、院政期を代表する政治家の一人と言える。
English: He left his diary "Akitakakyo Ki," which is held by The Kyoto University Museum (Kajujike-bon (collection of the Kajuji family)) and the National Museum of Japanese History (Tanaka-bon (collection of Yutaka TANAKA)).
Japanese: 日記として『顕隆卿記』があり、京都大学総合博物館（勧修寺家本）、及び国立歴史民俗博物館（田中本）に伝わっている。
English: In the later period, his descendent called themselves the Hamuro family and prospered as a toshoke (families recognized as kugyo (noble).
Japanese: 子孫は後世において葉室家を称し、中世・近世を通じて堂上家の一つとして繁栄した。
English: Takauta SHIJO (October 17, 1828 - November 24, 1898) was a Japanese noble and soldier of the late Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 四条隆謌（しじょうたかうた、文政11年9月9日(旧暦)（1828年10月17日）-明治31年（1898年）11月24日）は江戸時代末期から明治時代にかけての日本の華族、陸軍軍人。
English: His official rank was Marquis and Lieutenant General, Shoshii Kun nito (Senior Fourth Rank, Order of the Second Class) and he was a member of the Genroin (Chamber of Elders) and the Kizokuin (the House of Peers).
Japanese: 官位は陸軍中将正四位勲二等侯爵に昇り、元老院議官・貴族院議員を務める。
English: As a Court noble and member of the Joi-ha (supporters of expulsion of the foreigners), Takauta talked to the Shogunate at the end of the Edo period but, as the result of a coup, he was temporarily deprived of his official rank.
Japanese: 幕末の隆謌は攘夷派公卿として江戸幕府に建言していたが、政変によって一時失脚し官位を剥奪された。
English: In the Meiji period, his posts included Chugoku Shikoku Tsuito Sotoku (military governor of Chugoku and Shikoku); Daisotoku no Miya Sanbo (staff officer for the commander in chief); Sendai Tsuito Sotoku (military governor of Sendai); Ou Tsuito Sotoku (military governor of Ou); Hirakatako Sotoku (governor of Hirakatako); and he was appointed Major General in August 1869.
Japanese: 明治に入ると中国四国追討総督・大総督宮参謀・仙台追討総督・奥羽追討総督平潟口総督などを務め、明治2年（1869年）7月に陸軍少将に任ぜられる。
English: He was appointed Commander of Osaka Garrison in February 1872 and transferred to Commander of Nagoya Garrison in April 1874, though he served concurrently as Commander of Osaka and Nagoya Garrisons in May 1877 (he was relieved from serving as Commander of Osaka Garrison later the same year).
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）1月には大阪鎮台司令長官に就任、明治7年（1874年）4月に名古屋鎮台司令長官に移るが、明治10年（1877年）5月には大阪鎮台司令長官を兼ねた（同年中に兼職を免ぜられる）。
English: After being made Commander of Sendai Garrison in 1880, he was promoted to Lieutenant General in February 1881 and was appointed to member of the Genroin.
Japanese: 明治13年（1880年）の仙台鎮台司令長官を経た後明治14年（1881年）2月に陸軍中将に昇り元老院議官に就任する。
English: In July 1884, he was promoted to count, and then to marquis in April 1891, becoming a member of the Kizokuin.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）7月に伯爵、明治24年（1891年）4月に侯爵に昇爵し、貴族院議員となる。
English: After his first wife died, he married Haruko, a former maiko (apprentice geisha) in Gion, Kyoto whom he had patronised for a long time and had had adopted by Hisamoto HIJIKATA.
Japanese: 死去後、長年囲っていた京都祇園の舞妓出身の春子を土方久元養女として後妻に迎える。
English: Toshiharu SAITO (1541? - July 1, 1582) was a busho (military commander) in the Sengoku (Warring States) period.
Japanese: 斎藤利治（さいとうとしはる、天文(元号)10年(1541年)？-天正10年6月2日(旧暦)（1582年6月21日））は、戦国時代(日本)の武将。
English: He later became a vassal of Nobutada ODA, was dispatched to Ecchu Province as reinforcement for Nagazumi JINBO in 1578, and awarded a citation for defeating UESUGI's army led by Nagachika KAWADA in the Battle of Tsukiokano.
Japanese: 後に織田信忠付きの家臣となり、天正6年（1578年）、神保長住の援軍として越中へ派遣され、月岡野の戦いで河田長親率いる上杉軍を撃破し、感状を与えられた。
English: However, on July 1, 1582, during the Honnoji Incident, he died in battle at Nijo Castle for his lord, Nobutada.
Japanese: しかし、天正10年（1582年）6月2日、本能寺の変で主君信忠に殉じ、二条城において討死を遂げた。
English: FUJIWARA no Munesuke (1077 -February 22, 1162) was a noble (Juichii (Junior First Rank), Daijodaijin (Grand Minister of State)) who lived in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原宗輔（ふじわらのむねすけ、承暦元年（1077年）-応保2年1月30日(旧暦)（1162年2月15日））は、平安時代後期の公卿（従一位太政大臣）。
English: Reportedly, Munesuke was a honest person who was well versed in kanseki (books in classical Chinese) and yosoku kojitsu (well-versed in usages or practices of the court or military households (practices)), but, at the same time, he was carefree and hasty.
Japanese: 宗輔は漢籍や有職故実に通じた真面目な人物であったが、のんびりとしていてそそっかしい人物であったと伝えられている。
English: When his father died young in 1096 at the age of fifty-two, his rank was as low as goi kurodo (chamberlain with the fifth rank) and partly due to bad luck on his part, the Emperor Horikawa, to whom he served as a close aide and who was his friend through flute, died young, he was only able to join the Sangi (Royal Advisor) at the age of forty-six.
Japanese: 1096年に父が52歳の若さで死去した際には、まだ五位蔵人という低い官職であり、側近として仕えまた笛を通じた友人でもあった堀河天皇が早世するなどの不幸もあり、46歳でやっと参議に列するような有様であった。
English: Reportedly, on the occasion of jimoku (ceremony for appointment of court officials) in 1129, he made a document in which the position to which MINAMOTO no Moroyori was appointed was erroneously transcribed and the jimoku was held again (Moroyori was Munesuke's maternal uncle).
Japanese: 1129年の除目では、宗輔が源師頼の任官された職務を誤って書き写した公文書を作成してしまい、除目のやり直しが行われた事が伝えられている（ちなみに師頼は宗輔の母方の伯父にあたる）。
English: Under such situations, Munesuke carried out his job seriously and became deeply engaged in his hobbies.
Japanese: そのような状況の中で、宗輔は真面目に職務をこなしつつも趣味の世界に没頭していく。
English: With respect to music, he was good at playing a flute and a koto (zither-like Japanese musical instrument) and, reportedly, he himself told 'I am not afraid of my death, but it is a problem that I cannot play a flute.'
Japanese: 音楽においては、笛や筝などに秀でており、当人も「死ぬのは怖くないが、笛が吹けなくなるのが困る」と語ったと伝えられる。