nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: During the Yi Dynasty Korea period, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), which had Neo-Confucianism permeate their daily lives as their ideological foundation, grew into a status hierarchy that produced intellectual people and ethical leaders.
Japanese: 李氏朝鮮時代、日常生活に浸透した朱子学を思想的基盤とした両班は知識人・道徳的指導者を輩出する身分階層に発展した。
English: Shunze CHENG, who was a poet and Confucian scholar active from the late 17th century to the 18th century, proposed the foundation of the Meirindo school, the first school in Ryukyu, and greatly contributed to learning in Ryukyu.
Japanese: 17世紀後半から18世紀にかけて活躍した詩人・儒学者の程順則は、琉球における最初の学校明倫堂創設の建議を行うなど、琉球の学問に大きく貢献した。
English: Generally, the first introduction of Neo-Confucianism into Japan was said to have occurred through Shunjo, a monk of the Shingon sect who entered Sung in 1199, and brought back Neo-Confucianism to Japan, however, it is not certain, since there are many different opinions.
Japanese: 一般には正治元年（1199年）に入宋した真言宗の僧俊じょうが日本へ持ち帰ったのが日本伝来の最初とされるが、異説も多く明確ではない。
English: By the late Kamakura period, Neo-Confucianism was spread as basic education for monks in training and others among gosan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government), and its theory was completed by annotations brought by the monk Ichinei ISSAN (Yining YISHAN), who visited Japan in 1299 from the Yuan Dynasty.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代後期までには、五山を中心として学僧等の基礎教養として広まり、正安元年（1299年）に来日した元(王朝)の僧一山一寧がもたらした注釈によって学理を完成した。
English: It seems Emperor Godaigo and Masashige KUSUNOKI were keen followers of Neo-Confucianism, and there are several points that point to the fact that their principle of behavior from the fall of Kamakura to Kenmu Restoration might be based on Neo-Confucianism.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇や楠木正成は、朱子学の熱心な信奉者と思われ、鎌倉滅亡から建武の新政にかけてのかれらの行動原理は、朱子学に基づいていると思われる箇所がいくつもある。
English: Neo-Confucianism then stagnated for years, but in the Edo period, Razan HAYASHI revived it by his 'the theory of fixed division between uppers and lowers' and its theory of ethical duty of the social class as the fundamental principle of the military rule, and Neo-Confucianism was designated as the official scholarship by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: その後は長く停滞したが、江戸時代に入り林羅山によって「上下定分の理」やその名分論が武家政治の基礎理念として再興され、江戸幕府の正学とされた。
English: Ironically, however, the rise of Neo-Confucianism triggered the sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) and the movement to show reverence for the emperor for establishing an Emperor-centered nation, which led to the movement to overthrow the Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: だが皮肉なことに、この朱子学の台頭によって天皇を中心とした国づくりをするべきという尊皇論と尊王運動が起こり、後の倒幕運動と明治維新へ繋がっていくのである。
English: When the "Imperial Rescript on Education" was granted as an Imperial gift in 1890, Neo-Confucianism was seriously adopted as the ideology of the modern nation.
Japanese: 1890年（明治23年）、『教育勅語』が下賜されると近代国家のイデオロギーとして本格的に採用された。
English: There are many keen devotees of Neo-Confucianism in parts of the military, and it is said that they affected the February 26th Incident and the Manchurian Incident to some degree.
Japanese: 軍部の一部では特に朱子学に心酔する者が多く、二・二六事件や満州事変にも多少なりとも影響を与えたといわれている。
English: Hiroshi FURUTA expressed his opinion that the reason why the army in the Showa period became an organization that lost its sense of reality was the commitment to Confucianism, especially the commitment to Neo-Confucianism.
Japanese: 古田博司は、昭和の陸軍が現実感を失った組織になってしまった理由について、儒教化とりわけ朱子学化したからだとの所説を述べている。
English: Bemin system is a system during the Yamato sovereignty, which refers to the system of subordination and service to the sovereignty and the system of the division of duties at the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 部民制（べみんせい）とは、ヤマト王権の制度であり、王権への従属・奉仕の体制、朝廷の仕事分掌の体制をいう。
English: One is a group which was involved in some kind of duties, and the other is a group which belonged to the royal palace or a powerful family.
Japanese: 一つは何らかの仕事にかかわる一団で、もう一つは王宮や豪族に所属する一団である。
English: The kataribe's job was to recite verses for the ceremonies of the Imperial Court led by Kataribenomiyatsuko clan, who was a Tomonomiyatsuko (chief of various departments at the Imperial Court).
Japanese: 語部は、伴造（とものみやつこ）である語造（かたりべのみやつこ）氏に率いられ、朝廷の儀式の場で詞章（かたりごと）を奏することをその職掌とした。
English: The Soga clan and the Otomo clan were able to own the Sogabe (group of people owned by the Soga clan) and Otomobe (group of people owned by the Otomo clan) also because, as the clans with Omi and Muraji (both are one of the hereditary titles) who supported the sovereignty, they held many positions in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 蘇我氏や大伴氏が蘇我部や大伴部を所有しえたのも、彼らが王権を支える臣・連として、朝廷組織のなかにその位置を占めていたからである。
English: The names of the be (division) after the enforcement of the ritsuryo system were merely titles which just showed a blood relationship with the paternal line, and did not indicate the relationship to the group to which one belonged.
Japanese: 律令制の実施後の部称は、たんに父系の血縁を表示するだけの称号であるにすぎず、所属する集団との関係を示すものではない。
English: After the enforcement of Koko no Nenjaku, which was the ancient family registration system in 670, every citizen registered their name on the family register, and the name of the be was left as an individual's surname and afterwards it was succeeded for generations by the paternal line.
Japanese: 670年（天智9）の古代の戸籍制度庚午（こうご）の年籍（こうごのねんじゃく）以後、すべての人民が戸籍に登録されるようになると、部称は個人の姓として残され、以後は代々父系によって継承されることになったのである。
English: Around the fifth century, a 'Tomo' system was already established under the great king (Yamato sovereignty), in which small and medium local ruling families in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and areas around it were divided into various duties of the Imperial Court hereditarily, such as Tonomori, Mohitori, Kanimori, and Kadomori.
Japanese: 5世紀頃には、畿内の及びその周辺の中小豪族をトノモリ（殿守）・モヒトリ（水取）・カニモリ（掃守）・カドモリ（門守）など、宮廷の各種の職務を世襲的に分掌する「トモ」として、大王(ヤマト王権)のもとに組織する体制が成立していた。
English: As a result of the development and expansion of such Tomo system, by the latter half of the fifth century, a system was organized in which the Tomonomiyatsuko led the Tomo.
Japanese: そのようなトモ制の拡大・発展の結果、5世紀後半には、さらにトモノミヤツコ（伴造）がトモ（伴）を率いるという体制も整備された。
English: There were many uji, large and small, such as the Soga clan, the Ki clan, the Otomo clan, the Mononobe clan, the Hata clan, the Kan clan, the Inbe clan, and the Shi clan.
Japanese: 蘇我氏・紀氏・大伴氏・物部氏・秦氏・漢氏・忌部氏・史氏等をはじめ大小幾多のウジがあった。
English: Ancient uji were peer groups of many families joined by blood relationships or blood consciousness, and the head of a powerful family became the head of the uji and occupied a position similar to the head of a clan.
Japanese: 古代のウジは、血縁関係ないし血縁意識によって結ばれた多くの家よりなる同族集団で、有力家族の長が氏上（うじのかみ、うじがみ）となり、族長的な地位に立っていた。
English: The family of the blood relatives or unrelated members who were in a direct or a collateral line to the head uji were called ujibito and were under the rule of the head uji.
Japanese: その直系・傍系の血縁者や非血縁者の家族を氏人（うじびと）といい、これに隷属し統率されていた。
English: The uji were not just a group of blood relatives who were formed by a natural occurrence, but were a group of blood relatives who swore vassalage to and were obliged to serve the great king.
Japanese: ウジはたんに自然発生的に形成された血縁的集団ではなく、大王に臣従を誓い、奉仕することを義務づけられた血縁的集団である。
English: The uji in the capital and local provinces established a relationship with the great king of vassalage and service, and on this premise, they were given the license to take up fixed political standings and government posts/duties along with the right to make them hereditary.
Japanese: 中央・地方のウジは、大王との間に隷属・奉仕の関係を結び、それを前提にして氏上は朝廷における一定の政治的地位や官職・職務に就く資格と、それを世襲する権利を与えられた。
English: Further, the uji were given kabane (hereditary titles) according to differences in their status by birth and political status/rank of government post/content of duty, and it was permitted for them to own subordinates such as the bemin.
Japanese: また、その出自（しゅつじ）や政治的地位・官職の高下・職務内容の違いに応じて、カバネを賜与され、部民（べみん）などの隷属民を領有することを認められたのである。
English: Kabane includes Omi, Muraji, Tomonomiyatsuko and Kuninomiyatsuko (heads of local governments).
Japanese: カバネには臣（おみ）・連（むらじ）・伴造（とものみやつこ）・国造（くにのみやつこ）などがある。
English: Compared to the powerful clans who called themselves Omi, who generally used place names for their uji names, such as the Soga clan and Kibi clan and were chiefs who used their area as a base, those who called themselves Muraji had the uji name after the Tomonomiyatsuko who had the names of their official duties as a Tomo, such as the Otomo clan and Mononobe clan.
Japanese: それは、臣と称する豪族は、蘇我氏・吉備氏など、一般に地名をウジの名とし、それぞれの地域を基盤とする首長であったのに対して、連と称した豪族は、大伴氏・物部氏など、トモとしての職掌を名にもつ伴造のウジとしたのである。
English: In other words, Omi were relatively independent towards the regime, while Muraji regarded vassalage to the great king their essential.
Japanese: つまり、臣は王権に対して相対的な独自性を有するが、連は大王への臣従をその本質としたのである。
English: Owake, which is seen on an iron sword with gold inscription, was the Tomonomiyatsuko who led a group of jotojin (guardsmen) (Tomo).
Japanese: 金錯銘鉄剣にみえるヲワケは、杖刀人集団（トモ）を率いる伴造であった。
English: A division which took on specific work names such as amabe and kaibe (dogs, birds, horses), each of which was led by the tomonomiyatsuko, and belonged to the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 海部（あまべ）、飼部（かいべ（犬・鳥・馬など））などのように具体的な仕事名を帯びる部のことで、それぞれ伴造に統率され、朝廷に所属する。
English: Divisions named after names of kings (princes), such as osakabe and nukatabe, which were a kind of shinabe controlled by the tomonomiyatsuko, with a characteristic that they particularly belonged to the royal families.
Japanese: 刑部（おさかべ）・額田部（ぬかたべ）など、王（宮）名のついた部のことで、伴造に統括される一種の品部であるが、特に王家・王族の所有である点が特徴である。
English: Shinabe served as a toneri (palace servant), yugei (gate guard), kashiwade (cook), and such.
Japanese: 品部は、舎人（とねり）・靫負（ゆげい）・膳夫（かしわで）などとして奉仕する
English: Above is a description centered around the relationship between the divisions and their owners, but there also seems to be many objections.
Japanese: 部とその所有者との関係を軸とした説明であるが、異論も多いようである。
English: Inscriptions of iron swords and iron blades are letters or sentences inscribed on the iron swords or iron blades.
Japanese: 鉄剣・鉄刀銘文（てっけん・てっとうめいぶん）は、鉄剣または鉄刀に刻まれた文字や文章のこと。
English: Inaridai No.1 Tumulus is a round burial mound whose diameter is about 28 meters and one of the Inaridai Kofun Cluster which consists of twelve burial mounds located on the height of the northern shore of the lower Yoro-gawa River in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture.
Japanese: 稲荷台1号古墳は千葉県市原市の養老川下流域の北岸台地上に営まれた12基からなる稲荷台古墳群中の1基であり、径約28メートルの円墳である。
English: There are a central wooden coffin and a north wooden coffin in this tumulus, and the iron sword was excavated from the central one.
Japanese: 同古墳には中央木棺と北木棺が置かれており、鉄剣は中央木棺から出土した。
English: In addition, three iron swords, one short metal body armor with rivets, three iron arrowheads, and one Tosu (small knife) were unearthed from the central wooden coffin.
Japanese: なお、中央木棺からは他に鉄剣3口、鋲留短甲（びょうどめたんこう）1、鉄鏃3、刀子1が出土している。
English: From the north wooden coffin, one long sword, one iron arrowhead, a pair of quiver fittings were unearthed.
Japanese: 北木棺からは大刀1口、鉄鏃一種、胡籙（ころく）金具1組が出土している。
English: It was inlaid with silver, and on the front side the Chinese characters of '王賜□□敬安' (king bequeaths *** own this with respect) were inscribed, and the back side, '此(廷)(刀)□□□' (this (sword) ***) were inscribed.
Japanese: 銀象嵌（ぎんぞうがん）で、表面に「王賜□□敬安」、裏面に「此（廷）（刀）□□□」と刻まれている。
English: Such a way of arranging letters is called Taito (rising) method, which was used when a person showed his or her respect to a noble person.
Japanese: こうした書き方は、貴人に敬意を表す時に用いる擡頭法（たいとうほう）という書法である。
English: The iron sword does not have an era, but it seems to have been made in the middle of the fifth century from the shape of short metal body armor with rivets and iron arrowhead collected in the wooden coffin.
Japanese: 鉄剣に紀年が書かれていないが、木棺に収められていた鋲留短甲と鉄鏃の形式から五世紀中葉と見られている。
English: By the middle of the fifth century, there had been a system in which a minor chief who was based in a part of the Boso Peninsula served a king of Wa in the Kinai District as a warrior, and the chief was granted an inscribed iron sword inlaid with silver due to his achievements.
Japanese: 五世紀中葉に房総半島の一角に本拠をもつ小首長が畿内の倭王のもとに武人として奉仕し、その功績によって銀象嵌の銘文をもつ鉄剣を下賜されるという関係が成立していた。
English: This is an iron sword which was excavated in the Inariyama Kofun Tumulus in Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture, in 1968.
Japanese: 1968年（昭和43年）、埼玉県行田市稲荷山古墳から出土した鉄剣である。
English: After the work of preservation and repair conducted in September 1978, it was found out that the sword has inscription composed of 115 letters inlaid with gold.
Japanese: 1978年9月の保存修理の結果、全文115字からなる金象嵌（きんぞうがん）の銘文が刻まれていることがわかった。
English: Both sides of the iron sword has inscription of 115 letters; The front side has 57 letters, and the back side has 58 letters.
Japanese: 鉄剣の表裏に金象嵌の115字の銘文、表に57字、裏に58字が刻まれている。
English: In July, the year of Shingai, this is inscribed; Owake no Omi (subject); His ancestor's name was Ohohiko; His child's (name) was Takari no Sukune; The name of his child was Teyokariwake; The name of his child was Takahi(ha)shiwake; The name of his child was Tasakiwake; The name of his child was Hatehi (the front side).
Japanese: 辛亥年七月中記乎獲居臣上祖名意富比垝其児多加利足尼其児名弖已加利獲居其児名多加披次獲居其児名多沙鬼獲居其児名半弖比（表）
English: The name of his child was Kasahi(ha)yo; The name of his child was Owake no Omi; I have served the king as a head of Jotojin (a guard who protected noble men) until today; When Wakatake(ki)ru(ro) King's temple was located in Shikinomiya, I served and supported him; So as a token of my service, this sword was made (the back side).
Japanese: 其児名加差披余其児名乎獲居臣世々為杖刀人首奉事来至今獲加多支鹵大王寺在斯鬼宮時吾左治天下令作此百練利刀記吾奉事根原也（裏）
English: When Wakatake(ki)ru(ro) King's temple was located in Shikinomiya, I served and supported him; So as a token of my service, this sword was made.
Japanese: ワカタケ（キ）ル（ロ）の大王の寺、シキの宮に在る時、吾、天下を左治し、此の百練の利刀を作らしめ、吾が奉事の根原を記す也。
English: The number of letters, 115, is large not only in comparison with the examples in Japan but also with the ones in Korea and China.
Japanese: 115文字という字数は日本のみならず朝鮮・中国の例と比較しても多い。
English: The other examples of inscription in the Kofun period which seem to have been made in Japan and has a lot of letters are an inscription of long sword (75 letters) unearthed from Eta Funayama Tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture and an inscription of mirror (48 letters) owned by Sumida Hachimangu Shrine in Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture.
Japanese: 日本で作られたと考えられる古墳時代の他の銘文について字数が多い例は、熊本県江田船山古墳出土の大刀銘75字、和歌山県橋本市隅田八幡宮所蔵の鏡銘48字などがある。
English: This inscription became a reliable standard in the history of ancient Japan, and it was a great help to decide the real dates of the other historical facts.
Japanese: この銘文が日本古代史の確実な基準点となりその他の歴史事実の実年代を定める上で大きく役立つことになった。
English: If the popular theory that the year of Shingai was 471 is true, Wakatakeru no Okimi (the Great King Wakatakeru) whom Owake served would have been Ohatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto, Ohatsuse Wakatakeru, Emperor Yuryaku, or Waobu whose name was mentioned in "Sojo" (Sung Shu) Wakokuden, therefore it is a reliable evidence for the title of Okimi to be used since the fifth century.
Japanese: 通説通り辛亥年が471年とするとヲワケが仕えた獲加多支鹵大王とは『古事記』『日本書紀』に出てくる大長谷若建（おおはつせわかたける）命・大泊瀬幼武（おおはつせわかたける）・雄略天皇であり、あるいは『宋書』倭国伝にみえる倭王武であると判断され、大王という称号が5世紀から使われたことの確実な証拠となる。
English: There are divisions of opinion among the scholars on the question that Owake belonged to a powerful local clan or a central clan.
Japanese: ヲワケが地方豪族であるか中央豪族であるかの判断など研究者で意見が分かれる。
English: Owake no Omi's father (Kasahayo) and grandfather (Hatehi) did not have kabane (hereditary title) such as Hiko, Sukune, and Wake.
Japanese: ヲワケの臣の父（カサハヨ）と祖父（ハテヒ）には、ヒコ・スクネ・ワケなどのカバネ的尊称がつかない。
English: According to the article dated 513 of History of Paekche in "Samguk Sagi" (History of the Three Kingdoms), the name of Japanese Hozumi no Omi Oshiyama was written as 'Oshiyamakimi.'
Japanese: 『三国史記』百済本紀513年の条に、日本人穂積臣押山おしやまの名が｢意斯移麻岐彌（おしやまきみ）｣と記されている。
English: The article dated May 247 in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) states that 'Chikumanagahiko seen in Records of Paekche exactly refers to this,' and the article dated 262 tells that 'according to Records of Paekche, Sachihiko was sent to defeat this.'
Japanese: また、『日本書紀』神功皇后47年4月の条に｢百濟記に職麻那那加比跪（ちくまなながひこ）と云へるは、蓋し是か｣、同62年の条に｢百濟記に云はく......貴國沙至比跪（さちひこ）を遣はして之を討たしむ｣とある。
English: The letters, '意' and '比垝' in the inscription of '意冨比垝' was quite similar to the way of using letters in Paekche ('垝' and '跪' are the same sound).
Japanese: 銘文｢意冨比垝｣の｢意｣･｢比垝｣は百済の用字法に酷似している（｢垝｣と｢跪｣とは同音）。
English: It is conjectured that '多沙鬼' in '多沙鬼獲居' was derived from '多沙城' in the article dated June 250 of "Nihonshoki."
Japanese: ｢多沙鬼獲居｣の｢多沙鬼｣は、『日本書紀』神功皇后50年5月の条に見える｢多沙城｣に由来する名と推定される。
English: In 1873, a stone coffin with side entrance was found in the large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, which has overall length of 61 meters, from the Eta Funayama Tumulus in Nagomimachi, Tamana County, Kumamoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）、熊本県玉名郡和水町（たまなぐんなごみまち）にある江田船山古墳から、全長61メートルの前方後円墳で、横口式家型石棺（せっかん）が検出された。
English: Among these, there was a long sword whose total length is 90.6 cm and length of a blade is 85.3 cm, although its hilt was broken and made shorter.
Japanese: この中に全長90.6センチメートルで、茎の部分が欠けて短くなっているが、刃渡り85.3センチメートルの大刀があった。
English: It is possible to conjecture a rough meaning, but we cannot quite understand it clearly.
Japanese: おおよその内容は推察できるものの、今一つはっきりしたところがつかめない。
English: Under the reign of Wakatakeru no Okimi, there was a man who worked as a clerk; His name was Murite; During August, in the big iron pod, an imperial sword whose length is four shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm) ****; It was tempered eighty times, and swung ninety times; **** The one who has this sword will live long, and his descendants will flourish, being blessed; He will never lose his power; The one who makes a sword is Itawa, and the one who engraves inscription is Choan.
Japanese: 治天下獲加多支鹵大王世奉事典曹人名无利弖八月中用大鉄釜并四尺廷刀八十練九十振三寸上好刊刀服此刀者長寿子孫洋々得□恩也不失其所統作刀者名伊太和書者張安也
English: Under the reign of Wakatakeru no Okimi, there was a man who worked as a clerk; His name was Murite; During August, in the big iron pod, an imperial sword whose length is four shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm) ****.
Japanese: 天の下治らしめし獲□□□鹵大王の世、典曹に奉事せし人、名は无利弖、八月中、大鉄釜を用い、四尺の廷刀を并わす。
English: In the reign of Wakatakeru Okimi (Emperor Yuryaku), Murite was working for an office which managed documents and was called Tenso.
Japanese: ワカタケル大王（雄略天皇）の時代にムリテが典曹という文書を司る役所に仕えていた。
English: The one who has this sword will live long, rule the country well, and his posterity thrives.
Japanese: この刀を持つ者は、長寿であって、子孫まで栄えて治めることがうまくいく。
English: It was once read as '治天下犭复□□□歯大王,' and an opinion that it refers to Tajihi no Mizuhawake no Mikoto (Emperor Hanzei) was dominant, but in 1978, when the inscribed iron sword inlaid with gold was excavated in Inariyama Kofun Tumulus, it came to be read as '治天下獲□□□鹵大王,' and an opinion that it means Wakatakeru no Okimi (Emperor Yuryaku) became dominant.
Japanese: かつては「治天下犭复□□□歯大王」と読み、多遅比弥都歯大王（反正天皇）にあてる説が有力であったが、1978年に埼玉稲荷山古墳出土の鉄剣に金象嵌の銘文が発見されたことにより、「治天下獲□□□鹵大王」と読み、獲加多支鹵大王（ワカタケル大王、雄略天皇）とする説が有力となった。
English: This inscription contains highly Japanese style of expression such as chitenka (under the rule), yasotabi (eighty times), totsuka (length of ten fists)
Japanese: この銘文には、治天下、八十たび、十握などの強い日本調が混じっている。
English: It uses a traditional technique of Chinese effectively and makes contrasts between okimi and oon, four shaku and one pod, totsuka and three sun (a sun = 3.03 cm).
Japanese: 大王と王恩、四尺と一釜、十握と三寸などの前後を対応照応させて、漢文の本来の手法を巧みに利用している。
English: The iron sword inlaid with gold and the iron blade inlaid with silver were made, and those who were given each of them were buried respectively in Inariyama Kofun Tumulus in Kita Musashino and Eta Funayama Tumulus in Higo Province.
Japanese: 金象嵌の鉄剣と銀象嵌の鉄刀が製作され、それらを下賜された人物が、北武蔵野稲荷山古墳と肥後の江田船山古墳に埋葬されたことになる。
English: It seems to correspond to the quoted part of Waobu's johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) which was collected in "Sojo" (Sung Shu) Wakokuden (To the east, Emishi's fifty-five provinces were conquered, and to the west, Shui's sixty-six provinces were conquered).
Japanese: 『宋書』倭国伝に引く倭王武の上表文にみえる「」（東は毛人を征すること五十五国、西は衆夷を服すること六十六国）の表現に対応するかのごとくである。
English: In 1984, an inscription inlaid with gold on the iron blade was found in Okadayama No.1 Tumulus which was under conservation work in Okusa-cho, Matsue City, Shimane prefecture.
Japanese: 1984年（昭和59年）、保存修理中だった島根県松江市大草町岡田山1号墳出土の鉄刀に銀象嵌（ぎんぞうがん）の銘文が見出された。
English: When it was excavated during the Taisho era, it was in perfect condition, but later a half of the blade's body was lost, therefore only twelve letters of inscription from the bottom remained, and moreover there were only a few letters to be deciphered because of rust.
Japanese: 大正年間に出土した時はには完全であったが、その後刀身の半分が失われたために銘文もわずか末尾の12文字しか残っているに過ぎず、しかもさびが進んでいて解読できる御字が少ない。
English: Considering the place where this long sword was excavated, Nukatabe no Omi and Izumo no Omi belonged to the same family, and he seems to have been a supervisor of bemin in the area.
Japanese: この太刀の出土した場所などから、額田部臣は出雲臣と同族であり、その地域の部民（べみん）の管理者であったと考えられている。
English: In 1984, an iron blade was excavated in the Minodani No.2 Tumulus in Koyama, Yoka-cho, Yabu City, Hyogo Prefecture.
Japanese: 1984年（昭和59年）兵庫県養父市（やぶし）八鹿町（ようかちょう）小山の箕谷2号墳から鉄刀が出土した。
English: On the inside of the iron blade whose actual total length was about 68 cm, letters inlaid with copper, '戊辰年五月□,' (in May 608) were found.
Japanese: 現存長68センチメートルほどの鉄刀の佩裏（はきうら）に「戊辰（ぼしん）年五月□」の銅象嵌（どうぞうがん）で刻まれている文字が見つかった。
English: In 1962, an iron blade which was inlaid with gold and 110 cm long was found in the Todaijiyama Tumulus in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 1962年（昭和37年）奈良県天理市の東大寺山（とうだいじやま）古墳から金象嵌の長さ110センチメートルの鉄刀が検出された。
English: Because this is a well forged steel blade, you can agree with god's will in the heaven, and avoid disasters in the earth.'
Japanese: 「よく鍛えた鋼の刀であるから、天上では神の御意にかない、下界では災いを避けることができる。」
English: According to "Gishi" Wajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in "The History of the Wei Dynasty"), wars frequently broke out in Wakoku and there had been no leader for a long time, then Himiko was installed as a queen.
Japanese: この頃のことは、『魏志』倭人伝には、倭国乱れ互いに攻伐し合い、長い間盟主なしと伝える、その後、卑弥呼が共立されて王となる、と書かれている。
English: Hinoeuma in May' means the midsummer, which is considered the best day to make fire from the sun when metal utensils such as swords and mirrors are made.
Japanese: 「五月丙午（へいご、ひのえうま）」とは、盛夏を意味し、刀剣や鏡などの金属器を造る時、太陽から火を採る最適の日と考えられている。
English: This is an auspicious and conventional phrase which was always used.
Japanese: これは、めでたい文句・吉祥句であり、常に用いられる言葉・常套句である。
English: Todaijiyama Tumulus is a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound whose total length is 140 meters long, and was built around the latter half of the fourth century.
Japanese: 東大寺山古墳は全長140メートルの前方後円墳で、4世紀後半頃に築造された。
English: This tsuka gashira is called Sanyokanto, and it seems to have been replaced right before burial.
Japanese: この柄頭は、三葉環頭と称されるもので、埋葬の直前に付け替えられたと考えられる。
English: This is probably because the person who was given the tsuka gashira and his descendants made it heritage as a symbol of power.
Japanese: おそらく下賜された人物とその子孫が権威の象徴として「伝世」としたことによるものであろう。
English: It is considered that the name of seven-pronged sword was derived from the shape of sword which looks like a halberd and has seven blades in total; From the right and left sides of the main body, three branch blades stick out respectively.
Japanese: 七支刀（しちしとう）の名は、鉾に似た主身の左右から三本ずつの枝刃を出して計て七本の刃を持つ形に由来すると考えられる。
English: Tradition has it that the seven-pronged sword was offered from Paekche during the reign of Empress Jingu, and it was kept in the Isonokami-jingu Shrine in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 七支刀は、神功皇后の時代に百済の国から奉られたと伝えられ、奈良県天理市石上神宮（いそのかみじんぐう）に保存されていた。
English: According to the article dated Hinoene of September in ca. 252 of "Nihonshoki," Chogo, the king of Paekche, met Nagahiko CHIKUMA, an envoy from Japan, and gave him one seven-pronged sword, one nanatsuko no kagami (a mirror with seven small decoration mirrors), and various other treasures, hoping to form a friendship.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』神功皇后52年（252年?）九月丙子の条に、百済の肖古王が日本の使者、千熊長彦に会い、七支刀一口、七子鏡一面、及び種々の重宝を献じて、友好を願ったという意味のことが書かれている。