nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The inscription was designated as cultural property by Nara Prefecture in March, 1953, and in the next year 1954, it was published in a history textbook for the third grade of a senior high school.
Japanese: 昭和28年3月に奈良県の文化財に指定され、翌29年度には高校3年の歴史教科書に登載された。
English: The inscription has been so worn down away by wind and snow for many years that it is in a condition that to distinguish the characters except 'cho' (長) with the naked eye is impossible.
Japanese: 碑文は長年の風雪によって磨耗しており、「長」の字以外は肉眼で判別することは困難な状況である。
English: It was originally exposed in the open air, but in 1998 the surroundings of it were improved by elaboration of Nara City and it came to be protected with a roof and a wooden fence.
Japanese: もともとは露天であったが、平成10年、奈良市の手により周辺整備され、屋根と木柵によって保護されるようになった。
English: By the way, its replica is exhibited in the Exhibition Room No. 2 (the Medieval Period) of National Museum of Japanese History.
Japanese: なお、国立歴史民俗博物館の第2展示室（中世）にレプリカが展示されている。
English: It was Teiichi SUGITA, a local history researcher, that put his hand first to the historical study on Yagyu no Tokusei Hibun.
Japanese: 柳生の徳政碑文の歴史学的研究を初めて手掛けのは、郷土史家の杉田定一氏である。
English: Sugita, who started the study in 1914, located a passage that said, 'A note about an occurrence in Kasuga four villages in 1428 was found on the surface of the Jizo rock,' in "Yagyu-ke Zakkiroku" (Miscellanea of the Yagyu family) written by Shirobe MATSUDA of the Yagyu clan in the Kyoho era, and later in 1924, he advanced an opinion that it was a relic of the peasants' uprising of the Shocho era.
Japanese: 大正3年から研究を開始した杉田氏は、享保年間に柳生藩の松田四郎兵衛が記した『柳生家雑記録』に「地蔵石に天長元戌申年春日四箇郷の事書付有」とあるのを確認、その後、大正13年に正長の土一揆の遺物説を唱えた。
English: And Sugita asked Yosuke WATANABE of Historiographical Institute at Tokyo Imperial University to appraise the inscription, and as a result it is confirmed that the inscription was historical material of an uprising of Tokusei.
Japanese: そして杉田氏が、東京帝国大学史料編纂所の渡辺世祐に鑑定を依頼し、結果、徳政一揆の史料と確認された。
English: Corresponding to it, on January 15, 1925, the Yamato edition of Osaka Asahi Shinbun (newspaper) carried an article titled 'Monument of tyranny in the Ashikaga period rarely discovered,' and introduced the inscription to the public for the first time.
Japanese: それを受け、大正14年1月15日の大阪朝日新聞大和版に「珍しく発見された足利時代における暴政の記念物」という見出しで記事が掲載され、初めて碑文が世間に紹介された。
English: What is more, in August, 1964, Keiji NAGAHARA came to the spot to research the inscription, and he adopted it as 'Yagyu no Tokusei Hibun' in his book "Nihon no Rekishi, Vol. 10, Gekokujo no Jidai" (the history of Japan, Vol. 10, the era of retainers supplanting their lords) published by Chuo Koronsha in November of the next year, 1965, and therefore, it has become widely known.
Japanese: さらに昭和39年8月、一橋大学の永原慶二が調査に訪れ、翌40年11月に刊行した著書『日本の歴史10　下克上の時代』（中央公論社）で「柳生の徳政碑文」として取り上げたことにより、広く知られるようになった。
English: We have few historical materials to understand what tokusei the people really gained as a result of the peasants' uprising of the Shocho era.
Japanese: 正長の土一揆において、実際に民衆がどのような徳政を勝ち得たのかを理解する史料は乏しい。
English: For example, although it is confirmed that in Kyoto the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued a prohibition against tokusei, no historical material is left to confirm that tokuseirei itself was issued.
Japanese: 例えば京都においては、幕府が徳政禁止令を出したことは確認されているが、徳政令そのものを出したことを確認する史料はない。
English: But in Nara, because not only the written materials associated with Kofuku-ji Temple but also 'Yagyu no Tokusei Hibun' has been left, it has become possible to infer about the concrete content of tokuseirei.
Japanese: だが、奈良においては、興福寺関係の文書とならび、「柳生の徳政碑文」が残されているため、徳政令の具体的な内容をうかがうことが可能となった。
English: And what is better, the value as a historical material can be recognized in that it is not a historical material left from the position of the lords' side but is a historical material left from the position of the peasants' side.
Japanese: また、領主側の立場からの史料ではなく、農民側の立場からの史料である点にも、史料価値が認められる。
English: Keiji NAGAHARA has expressed his opinion that the written material 'Kinsei Tokuseirei Jojo' (prohibition tokuseirei articles) which was handed down to Kofuku-ji Temple is a document that laid down the rules to enforce tokusei.
Japanese: 永原慶二は、興福寺に残される文書「禁制徳政令条々」（正長元年11月）を、徳政の実施規則を定めた文書であるとの見解を示している。
English: Since this written material coincided with the inscription in the year when they were made, Nagahara concluded that in Yamato Kofuku-ji Temple issued tokuseirei, with the result that 'Yagyu no Tokusei Hibun' was inscribed.
Japanese: この文書と碑文の年次が一致するため、永原は、大和では興福寺が徳政令を発布し、その結果、「柳生の徳政碑文」が刻み付けられたと結論づけている。
English: Fukutaro NAGASHIMA of Kwansei Gakuin University has presented a question about the appraisal of the time the inscription was made, on the ground that the word 'oime' was suspected to have come into use after the Tensho era in the end of the 16th century.
Japanese: 関西学院大学の永島福太郎は、「ヲイメ」という言葉は16世紀末の天正期以降の言葉ではないかとして、碑文の時代鑑定に疑問を呈している。
English: Besides, there is also a question why 'shikago' (four villages) was written as 'shikankau,' but about this question, Takashi KAMEI of Hitotsubashi University has expressed the view that 'n' was a light nasal sound which preceded 'ga' sound in those days.
Japanese: また、「四箇郷」をなぜ「シカンカウ」と表記したのかという疑問も存在するが、この点に関しては一橋大学の亀井孝が、「ン」は当時の発音における「ガ音」に先行する軽鼻音であるとの見解を示している。
English: Ito-jo Castle was a yamajiro (a castle built on a mountain to take advantage of the mountain's topography) which had been constructed on the west hillside halfway up Mt. Takasu on the boundary between Fukuoka City and Maebaru City, Fukuoka Prefecture, in the Nara period of the eighth century.
Japanese: 怡土城（いとじょう）とは、8世紀奈良時代、福岡県福岡市と前原市との境にある高祖山の山腹西斜面に築かれた山城のこと。
English: According to Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued), KIBI no Makibi, who had joined the party of Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) twice to study abroad and then had become a high official in Dazaifu Seicho (local government office in the Kyushu region), started to construct a castle under the order of Emperor Koken in July, 756.
Japanese: 続日本紀によると、遣唐使一行に加わること2度留学し、その後大宰府政庁の高官となった吉備真備が、孝謙天皇の命により天平勝宝8年（756年）6月築城に着手。
English: Before completion of the castle, KIBI was replaced by SAEKI no Imaemishi because KIBI was put in charge of the construction of Todai-ji Temple, and the castle was said to have completed in February or March, 768 (February, in old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 途中吉備が東大寺造営で佐伯今毛人と交代し神護景雲2年（768年）2月、完成されたとされる。
English: In those days, in Tang 'An Shi Rebellion' broke out against Emperor Xuan Zong, in the Korean Peninsula Silla rejected the meeting with the national envoy from Japan, and the other events happened, so that the foreign strain was growing higher and the defense of Kyushu had become urgent.
Japanese: 当時唐では、玄宗(唐)皇帝に対する「安史の乱」が勃発し、朝鮮半島では新羅が日本の国使との会見を拒否するなど、対外的な緊張が高まり九州の防備が急務となっていた。
English: It seems that the castle had the following characteristics to prepare against the attacks by the enemy: The castle was constructed in the shape of cross braces with the construction methods of the Chinese-style yamajiro; several watchtowers are placed along the ridge of the mountain; facing the flat ground at the west foot of the mountain, the earth and stone mounds which were 10 meters high were stretched into 2 kilometers from south to north to strengthen the defense; and castle gates and sluice gates were built between the both ends of the mounds.
Japanese: 城の特徴は中国式山城の築城法でもってたすき状に築かれ、山の尾根づたいに望楼（物見やぐら）を配し、西麓の平地に面して高さ10メートル南北2キロメートルにわたる土塁・石塁をもって固め、その間に城門や水門等を造り、敵襲に備えたとみられる。
English: At present, as structural remnants, the earth mounds which are 1.6 kilometers long at the west foot of Mt. Takasu, and the traces of eight watchtowers in total on the ridge line have remained, but there are a lot of unknown points such as how the inside of the castle was utilized, and when the castle was abandoned.
Japanese: 現在遺構としては、高祖山の西裾に1.6キロメートルの土塁、尾根線上に計8か所の望楼跡が残るものの、城内はどのように利用されたか、いつごろ廃城となったか等不明な点が多い。
English: The excavation in 2007 has made it clear that the moats in which pebbles were filled were placed inside the earth mounds.
Japanese: 2007年の発掘によると、小石を詰めた堀が土塁の内側に配していたことがわかった。
English: This is regarded as facilities to drain the water away so that the rainwater running down from the slope of the mountain might not burst the earth mounds, which is thought to be a unique device that cannot be found in the construction of yamajiro in the Chinese continent.
Japanese: 山の斜面からの雨水で土塁が決壊しないように排水した設備と見られ、大陸の山城築城にはない独自の工夫とみられる。
English: Later in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the head of a local ruling family, Tanetsugu HARADA reused the castle to construct Takasu-jo Castle as a medieval yamajiro.
Japanese: その後、戦国時代地元の豪族、原田種継が城郭を再利用して中世山城の高祖城を築城した。
English: The remain of Sanden-ji Temple is the stone foundation for the central pillar of a pagoda in the old-days Sanden-ji Temple, established in Asuka period (late 7th century) in Sohara Terajima-cho, Kagamihara City, Gifu Prefecture.
Japanese: 山田寺塔心礎（さんでんじとうしんそ）は、岐阜県各務原市蘇原寺島町にある飛鳥時代（7世紀後半）に造られた古代寺院山田寺の塔心礎（塔の心柱の礎石）。
English: This stone foundation was found as the foot stone piece of a guardian deity of children situated in a bush near Sanden-ji Temple, and later it was relocated to the current position in the early years of Meiji period.
Japanese: もとは山田寺よりの藪の中の地蔵尊の台石であったが明治初年に現地に移された。
English: From the reliquary hall under this stone foundation for the central pillar, a gold-plated copper container was found in a complete, original condition (a copper jar, named as "Saharinofuta Magarigosu").
Japanese: 舎利孔からは金銅製の舎利容器（銅壺、佐波理蓋鋺合子）が完全な形で発見された。
English: The official property name of these remains is 'Mino Inaba District, Sanden-ji Temple stone foundation remain for the central pillar of a pagoda with a set of copper pot placed with in the reliquary' and the stone foundation for the central pillar of a pagoda was also designated for a National Important Cultural Property as the 'Tsuketari' (the accompaniment) to the 'Dohtsubo' (a copper pot, designated in 1961 according to archaeological references).
Japanese: 正式の指定名称は「美濃稲葉郡山田寺塔心礎納置銅壼1合附塔心礎」であり、塔心礎は「銅壺」の「附」（つけたり）として国の重要文化財に指定された（考古資料、昭和36年2月指定）。
English: A dome-shaped mound on a square base is a type of tumuli that were constructed in the past in the Japanese Islands, and also a type of mausoleums of the imperial family in modern times.
Japanese: 上円下方墳（じょうえんかほうふん）とは日本列島でかつて築造された古墳の一類型、及び近代に築造された天皇家の陵墓の一形式である。
English: It has two stages: The bottom stage is square shape and the upper stage is circular shape.
Japanese: この形式の古墳は二段になっており、下段が方形、上段が円形となっている。
English: The first tumulus confirmed as this style is the Ishi no Karato-kofun Tumulus (also known as the Kazahahi-kofun Tumulus [風灰古墳]).
Japanese: 最初にこの形式が確認されたのは石のカラト古墳（カザハヒ古墳、風灰古墳とも。）
English: (Nara City, Nara Prefecture and Kizu Town, Soraku County, Kyoto Prefecture; estimated to be constructed in the end of the seventh century or in the early eighth century)
Japanese: （奈良県奈良市・京都府相楽郡木津町、7世紀末あるいは8世紀初頭築造と推定）
English: The next was found in 1985 on the foot of Mt. Ashitaka in Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture.
Japanese: 次にこの形式の古墳が見つかったのは1985年で、静岡県沼津市にある愛鷹山の山麓である。
English: The third is the Musashi Fuchu Kumano Jinja-kofun Tumulus found in 2003 (Fuchu City, Tokyo Prefecture; the middle to the end of the seventh century).
Japanese: 3例目は2003年に発見された武蔵府中熊野神社古墳（東京都府中市(東京都)、7世紀中頃から後半）。
English: The fourth is the Tenmondai Konai-kofun Tumulus (Mitaka City, Tokyo Prefecture; estimated to be constructed in the middle of the seventh century) investigated to confirm in 2007.
Japanese: 4例目は2007年に確認調査が行われた天文台構内古墳（東京都三鷹市、7世紀中頃と推定）である。
English: The Tenmondai Konai-kofun Tumulus was excavated and researched in 1970; however, it was confirmed by reinvestigation in 2007 that it was a dome-shaped barrow on a square base.
Japanese: 天文台構内古墳は1970年には発掘調査が行われていたが、2007年の再調査で上円下方墳であることが確認された。
English: The fifth is the Nojikubo-kofun Tumulus (Shirakawa City, Fukushima Prefecture; the end of the seventh century to the early eighth century) found in 2008.
Japanese: 5例目は2008年に確認された野地久保古墳（福島県白河市、7世紀末から8世紀初）である。
English: Also, the Miyazuka-kofun Tumulus in Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture and the Sannozuka-kofun Tumulus in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture is said to be dome-shaped barrows on square bases according to a survey drawing of the tumuli.
Japanese: また埼玉県熊谷市宮塚古墳と、埼玉県川越市山王塚古墳が、墳丘の測量図から上円下方墳とされている。
English: However, the type of tumuli is not confirmed by an excavation, so they remain undefined whether they are the dome-shaped barrows on square bases or not.
Japanese: しかし、発掘調査で墳丘の形態を確認しておらず、上円下方墳であるかどうか未確定である。
English: This type of mausoleums was adopted for mausoleums of the imperial family, such as the Fushimi Momoyama Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji, the Musashi Mausoleum of Emperor Taisho, and the Musashino Mausoleum of Emperor Showa.
Japanese: この陵墓の形式は近代以降の天皇家の陵墓にも採用されており、明治天皇の伏見桃山陵、大正天皇の武蔵陵墓地、昭和天皇の武蔵野陵がこの形式である。
English: There is a theory that burial mounds whose bottom stage is square shape and upper is octagon shape are included in the dome-shaped barrow on a square base.
Japanese: 下段を方形、上段を八角形とする古墳を上円下方墳に含める考え方も存在している。
English: Among this dome-shaped barrow on a square base in the broad sense, the Gobyono-kofun Tumulus of Emperor Tenchi is the most famous.
Japanese: こうした広義の上円下方墳に含まれる陵墓の中でも最も有名なのは天智天皇の御廟野古墳である。
English: Ichiniwa Tumulus is a megalithic tomb which lies across Tsukamoto and Ichiniwa, Saki-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 市庭古墳（いちにわこふん）は、奈良県奈良市佐紀町塚本・市庭にある古墳。
English: Although it is a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, its front square part has disappeared, and only a part of its rear round part remains now.
Japanese: 前方後円墳であるが前方部は消滅し、現在残っているのは後円部の一部のみである。
English: Ichiniwa Tumulus is immediately adjacent to the north of the traces of Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace) in Heijo-kyu Palace, and it was once thought to have been one of the largest circular tomb mound whose diameter was over 100 meters.
Japanese: 平城宮大極殿跡のすぐ北に隣接しており、かつては直径100メートル超の最大級の円墳と思われていた。
English: But the later excavation and research has revealed that its front square part had been removed and leveled out when Heijo-kyu Palace was constructed, and that the original tumulus had been a keyhole-shaped tomb mound with its front square part facing south, whose total length was 253 meters with its front square part being 164 meters in width and its rear round part being 147 meters in diameter.
Japanese: しかしその後の発掘調査で前方部が平城宮建設のさいに削平されており、本来は墳丘の全長253メートル前方部の幅164メートル後円部の直径147メートルの前方部を南に向けた前方後円墳であることが判明した。
English: What is more, fuki-ishi (stones covering an old tomb), tsukuridashi (narrow terraces) at the both sides of the central narrow part, and a part of the double moats have also been distinguished.
Japanese: 葺石、くびれ部分両側の造り出し、二重濠の一部分なども確認されている。
English: Another kofun that had been destroyed like Ichiniwa Kofun when Heijo-kyu Palace was constructed is Shimeno Tumulus (117m in total length) which had been located below the second Daigokuden site.
Japanese: 同古墳と同様に平城宮建設の際に破壊された古墳としては、第2次大極殿跡の下に位置する神明野古墳（全長117m）がある。
English: Because it is clear that Ichiniwa Tumulus which had existed since before the construction of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) is not a tomb mound made for Emperor Heizei who was a person in the Heian period, there are many negative opinions on the authorization of the imperial mausolea.
Japanese: 平城京の建設以前から存在した市庭古墳が、平安時代の人物である平城天皇のために造られた古墳でないことは明らかで陵墓の治定に否定的な意見が多い。
English: If the authorization is right, it means that a new imperial mausoleum was not made for Emperor Heizei, but he was buried in an existing kofun as the additional deceased.
Japanese: 現在の治定が正しいとするなら、平城天皇には新たな陵墓が造られず既存の古墳に追墓されたことになる。
English: Natsumi Hai-ji is a site of a demolished temple which existed at Natsumi, Nabari City, Mie Prefecture from the Asuka period to the Nara period.
Japanese: 夏見廃寺（なつみはいじ）とは、三重県名張市夏見にある、飛鳥時代から奈良時代にかけて存在した寺の跡地。
English: It was once covered by a copse, but now it is maintained as a part of Nabari City Central Park, and the foundations of Kondo (main hall of a Buddhist temple), To (pagoda), Kodo (lecture hall) and surrounding hottatebashira-tatemono (dug-standing pillar buildings) are preserved, and have been restored and exhibited.
Japanese: かつては雑木林の中であったが現在は名張市中央公園の一部として整備されており、金堂、そして塔と講堂、周囲に掘立柱建物の基壇が保存され、復元展示されている。
English: Kondo of Natsumi Hai-ji is known to have had the same form as that of Yamada-dera Temple in Asuka, and this is said to imply that it was strongly connected with the central government.
Japanese: 夏見廃寺の金堂は飛鳥の山田寺と同じ形をしていたことがわかっており、中央政府との結びつきの強さがうかがえるとされている。
English: "Yakushiji Engi" (The History of Yakushi-ji Temple) which was written at the beginning of the 11th century contains a description of Shofuku-ji Temple which was built at the wish of Oku no Himemiko (Princess Oku) in remembrance of her dead father, Emperor Tenmu in Nabari County, Iga Province, and it is supposed that Natsumi Hai-ji was that Shofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 11世紀の初頭に成立した『薬師寺縁起』に、大来皇女の発願により亡き父天武天皇を偲んで伊賀国名張郡に建立された昌福寺のことが書かれており、夏見廃寺はその昌福寺ではないかと考えられている。
English: There is a phrase (甲牛年) that mentions the year 694 written on the Shumidan (a platform or dais for Buddhist image) part of the excavated Ogata-tason-senbutsu (a large clay tile with many Buddha figures), and it is thought that the temple itself was also erected around this year
Japanese: 発掘された大形多尊塼仏の須弥壇部分に「甲牛年□□中」（694年）の表記があり、寺の建立についてもこの年の前後とみられている。
English: While since before World War II the local people had known that old roof tiles were scattered around there, immediately after the war, in May, 1946, the ruins of the temple were found through excavation and research by Department of Archaeology, Kyoto University.
Japanese: 戦前から地元の人のあいだでは古い瓦があることは知られていたが、終戦後すぐ1946年5月に京都大学考古学教室による発掘調査によって発見された。
English: Near Natsumi Hai-ji stands the Natsumi Hai-ji Exhibition Hall, which explains an displays the artifacts of Natsumi Hai-ji, clay tiles with Buddha figures with which it has been said Kondo was decorated, and so on.
Japanese: 夏見廃寺のそばには夏見廃寺展示館があり、夏見廃寺の出土品や、金堂に装飾されていたと伝えられる塼仏の解説や展示などがある。
English: The days the Hall is closed: Monday, Thursday, December 28 - January 3 (However, if a national holiday fall on Monday or Thursday, it is closed the next day).
Japanese: 休館日：月・木曜日、12/28-1/3（但し月・木曜日が祝日にあたるときはその翌日）。
English: Natsumi Hai-ji Exhibition Hall: Adult \200, Senior high school student \100, Junior high school and Elementary school student Free, Group (Adult) \150, Group (Senior high school student) Free.
Japanese: 夏見廃寺展示館：一般200円、高校生100円、小中学生無料、団体（一般）150円、団体（高校生）無料
English: From 'Natsumi' or 'Shiyakusho-mae' crossing of National Route 165, for Nabari City Central Park.
Japanese: 国道165号線「夏見」もしくは「市役所前」交差点より名張市中央公園へ。
English: If you use public transportation, you walk 30 minutes from Nabari Station of Kintetsu Corporation Osaka Line, or take a bus and get off at 'Natsumi,' and walk 10 minutes.
Japanese: 公共交通機関の場合は、近鉄大阪線名張駅より徒歩30分、バス利用で「夏見」下車徒歩約10分。
English: Decorated tombs are a general term for the decorated tumulus by pictures, patterns and engravings on the interior wall or the stone coffin and it includes Yokoanabo cave tombs (tunnel graves) which has no mound.
Japanese: 装飾古墳（そうしょくこふん）とは、内部の壁や石棺に絵画、文様、彫刻などの装飾のある古墳の総称で、墳丘を持たない横穴墓も含まれる。
English: As for the distribution, there are about 600 decorated tombs across Japan, more than half of which, 340 tombs are in Kyushu region, 100 in Kanto region, 50 in Sanin region, 40 in Kinki region, about 40 in Tohoku region and the rest of them are sparsely in seven prefectures.
Japanese: 装飾古墳の分布については、全国に600ぐらいあり、その半数以上に当たる340基が九州地方に、100基が関東地方に、50基が山陰地方に、40基が近畿地方に、約40基が東北地方にあり、その他は7県に点在している。
English: The decorations were made on the side or cover of kurinuki-style (hollowed) stone coffin in the early Kofun period, on the upper side of cover of combinational large oblong chest stone coffin, the cover and the inner or outer side of iegata sekkan (house-shaped stone coffin), box type stone coffin in the middle period, and the horizontal stone chamber was decorated with carvings and colors which was done the whole chamber around the early fifth century.
Japanese: 初期には刳抜式石棺（くりぬきしきせっかん）の側面や蓋の上に、中期には組み合わせ式長持ち石棺の蓋の上面、家形石棺の蓋および棺の内側や外側、箱形石棺にも、そして、5世紀前半頃には横穴式石室にも彫刻や彩色の方法で装飾が施され、さらには石室内全体にまで及んだ。
English: As the way of decoration there were three ways such as relief engraving, line drawing carving and coloring, and the coloring added to the relief engraving or line drawing carving was also concomitantly used.
Japanese: 装飾方法は、浮き彫り、線刻、彩色の3手法があり、浮き彫りや線刻に彩色するなどの併用手法を用いている。
English: Sculptures were mainstream technique in the earliest period; relief engravings were found in many places while line drawing carving partly and only red pigment was used.
Japanese: 最初期の装飾手法は、彫刻が主流であり、線刻は一部で用いられ、浮き彫りが多く、彩色は赤色顔料だけである。
English: Around fifth century colors other than red came to be used for sculptures.
Japanese: 5世紀ごろになると彫刻されたものに赤色以外の色が使用されるようになる。
English: In sixth century sculptures based on relief engraving disappeared, and basically designs only with color came to be painted on the whole wall of stone chamber.
Japanese: 6世紀になると浮き彫りを基調とする彫刻がなくなり、基本的には彩色だけで文様が描かれるようになり、石室の壁全体に図柄が描かれるようになる。
English: Following patterns are found in decorated tombs; geometric and abstract chokko-mon (arc and straight-line pattern), warabite-mon (bracken-shaped, scroll-like pattern), kaginote-mon (hook pattern), en-mon (circular pattern), doshinen-mon (concentric pattern), renzoku sankaku-mon (consecutive triangular pattern), hishigata-mon (diamond pattern), sokyakurinjo-mon (circular pattern with two legs), kukaku-mon (vertical running patterns), and so on; however, those are inscrutable.
Japanese: 装飾古墳に描かれた文様には幾何学的・抽象的な直弧文（ちょっこもん）・蕨手文（わらびてもん）・鍵手（かぎのてもん）文・円文・同心円文・連続三角文・菱形文・双脚輪状文（そうきゃくりんじょうもん）・区画文などがあるが、何を表しているのか分からない文である。
English: Next, concrete designs are the weapon and panoply such as shields, ligaments, armors, swords, ships and so on, the other properties, people, horses, birds, hikigaeru (frog), and Suzaku (red Chinese phoenix).
Japanese: 次に、具象的な図柄では盾・靱（ゆぎ）・甲冑・刀・船などの武器・武具・その他の器物や人物・馬・鳥・蟾蜍（ひきがえる）・朱雀などである。
English: Mezurashizuka-kofun Tumulus: Aza Nishiyagata, Oaza Tominaga Aza, Yoshii Town (currently Ukiha City), Ukiha County, Fukuoka Prefecture
Japanese: 珍敷塚古墳：福岡県浮羽郡吉井町(福岡県)（現うきは市）大字富永字西屋形
English: Ryukakuji Iwaya Tumulus is a square tumulus in Sakae-cho, Inba-gun, Chiba Prefecture.
Japanese: 龍角寺岩屋古墳（りゅうかくじいわやこふん）は、千葉県印旛郡栄町にある方墳。
English: The size of this tumulus surpasses even those of Kasuga Mukaiyama Tumulus (the burial mound of Emperor Yomei) and Yamada Takatsuka Tumulus (the burial mound of Empress Suiko) which were huge square tumuli in the same period, and as a square tumulus of this period, it is the largest in scale in all over Japan.
Japanese: 同時期の大方墳である春日向山古墳（用明天皇陵）、山田高塚古墳（推古天皇陵）をもしのぐ規模であり、この時期の方墳としては全国最大級の規模である。
English: The western stone chamber measures 4.23 meters in depth, 1.68 meters in width of the inner back wall, and 2.14 meters in height.
Japanese: 西側石室は奥行4.23メートル、奥壁幅1.68メートル、高さ2.14メートルを測る。
English: The building stone is tuffaceus sandstone, which contains a lot of fossils of shells that are produced in this region.
Japanese: 石材は凝灰岩砂岩で、この地方で産出される貝の化石を多量に含んだものである。
English: In 1970, the mound and the horizontal stone chambers were surveyed.
Japanese: 1970年（昭和45年）に墳丘と横穴式石室の測量調査が行われている。
English: In 1970, the stone chambers were measured and the topography of the mound was surveyed by Meiji University.
Japanese: 1970年（昭和45年）明治大学による、石室の実測、墳丘の地形測量。
English: In 2007, the cleaning topography containing the 104th tumulus was surveyed by Sakae Town Board of Education.
Japanese: 2007年（平成19年）栄町教育委員会による104号古墳を含む清掃地形測量。
English: Ryukakuji is written as (龍角寺) in the address of Iwaya Kofun, but in the name of the burial mounds, a Chinese character (竜) is usually used instead of (龍).
Japanese: 岩屋古墳の住所は龍角寺と書くが、古墳群の名称は通常「竜」の字を用いている。
English: Sabukaze Koyoseki-gun is a group of remains of kilns of Sueki (unglazed ware) in Nagahama, Ushimado-cho, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture.
Japanese: 寒風古窯跡群（さぶかぜこようせきぐん）は岡山県瀬戸内市牛窓町長浜にある須恵器窯の遺跡。
English: The city of Setouchi is dotted with the kiln sites of Sueki from the Kofun period to the Heian period, and they are called 'Oku koyoseki-gun' (Oku old kiln site group), which was the largest place of production of Sueki in the Chugoku and Shikoku region.
Japanese: 瀬戸内市内には古墳時代から平安時代にかけての須恵器窯跡が点在し、「邑久古窯跡群」と呼ばれており、中四国地方最大の須恵器生産地であった。