nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Yoshiari was known as a person of ability who was familiar with rites and government practices of the Imperial Court, after he was first given the rank of Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) in 862, he gradually distinguished himself in the national political arena and supported his younger brother, Emperor Seiwa and the subsequent Emperor Yozei well.
Japanese: 能有は朝廷の儀礼や政務に通じた有能な人物として知られ、貞観4年(862年)に従四位に初叙任されると、以後徐々に中央官界において頭角を顕し、弟の清和天皇、それに続く陽成天皇の治世をよく輔けた。
English: After that, he was promoted to the rank of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and held positions such as Saemon no kami (captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), Sakone no daisho (Western Commander), Okura kyo (Minister of the Treasury), Kebiishi Kebiishi Betto (a director of the police and justice department), Minbu kyo and Azechi (supervisor of local politics).
Japanese: その後、正三位左衛門督、左近衛大将、大蔵卿、検非違使別当、民部卿、按察使を歴任する。
English: In the end of the year, he was assigned to serve as a Gokinai Shokoku Betto (a director of the five central provinces), then in the following year of 896, he assigned TAIRA no Suenaga as a Momikushi (an inspector of local politics) of Yamashiro Province and according to his report, Yoshiari came up with policies covering farmers such as dajokanpu which banned illegal expansion of territory by Ingu oshin ke (imperial families and aristocrats who had strong connection with the Emperor).
Japanese: この年の暮れには「五畿内諸国別当」に任じられ、翌寛平8年(896年)には平季長を山城国問民苦使に任じて、その報告を元にして院宮王臣家による土地の不法拡大を禁じる太政官符などの農民保護政策を打ち出している。
English: In the same year, he was promoted to the position of Udaijin (Minister of the Right), Sahyoe no kami and director of Kaga and Mino Provinces, it was his gokkan (the highest official rank) and he died of illness next year.
Japanese: この年には右大臣左兵衛督加賀美濃権守の位に昇るが、これを極官として、その翌年に病を得て死去。
English: He was friendly with SUGAWARA no Michizane and Michizane created a Chinese poem about the time when Michizane transplanted his bamboos at Yoshiari's residence at his request along with an epitaph for Yoshiari, these poems were included in Michizane's poetry book called "Kanke bunso."
Japanese: また菅原道真と親しく、道真の詩文集『菅家文章』には能有に頼まれて自宅の竹を能有邸に移植した時の漢詩や能有追悼の漢詩が収録されている。
English: Also, Emperor Uda described the shock at Udaijin (Yoshiari)'s death in "Kanpyo goikai" (instructions to one's descendants).
Japanese: また、宇多天皇も寛平御遺誡の中で右大臣（能有）の失った衝撃について触れている。
English: As for female descendants, his daughter, MINAMOTO no Shoshi (Akiko) got married to FUJIWARA no Tadahira and gave birth to FUJIWARA no Morosuke and another daughter, MINAMOTO no Karako got married to Imperial Prince Sadazumi and gave birth to MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto.
Japanese: 一方、女系に目を転じると、娘の源昭子は藤原忠平の妻として藤原師輔らを産み、同じく源柄子は貞純親王の妻となって源経基を産んでいる。
English: In the other words, his bloodline was descended to two big families: the regent family after Morosuke and the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) after Tsunemoto.
Japanese: 即ち、師輔以降の摂関家と、経基以降の清和源氏という二つの大族に、その血統を伝えたことになる。
English: Hachijonomiya Imperial Prince Toshihito (February 3, 1579 - May 29, 1629) was a member of the imperial family who lived from the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 八条宮智仁親王（はちじょうのみやとしひとしんのう、天正7年1月8日（1579年2月3日）-寛永6年4月7日（1629年5月29日））は、戦国時代から江戸時代前期にかけての皇族。
English: Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI adopted Imperial Prince Toshihito as a yushi through the mediation of Haresue KIKUTEI in 1586 following the way that Nobunaga ODA adopted Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi as his yushi.
Japanese: 織田信長が天皇家の邦慶親王を猶子にしていたのに習い、豊臣秀吉も公家の菊亭晴季の斡旋により、1586年に天皇家の智仁親王を猶子（ゆうし）とした。
English: Hideyoshi's biological son, Tsurumatsu TOYOTOMI was born in 1589, then the Hachijonomiya family was created in December of the same year.
Japanese: 1589年（天正17年）秀吉に実子豊臣鶴松が生れたことにより、同年12月八条宮家を創設した。
English: In 1600, he was given the Kokindenju (to teach someone about the interpretation of "Kokinwakashu") by Yusai HOSOKAWA and he taught that to his nephew, Emperor Gomizunoo and it marked the beginning of Goshodenju (Kokindenju done in the Imperial Palace).
Japanese: 1600年（慶長5年）細川幽斎から古今伝授を受け、甥にあたる後水尾天皇に相伝し、御所伝授の始まりとなった。
English: This Katsura gobetsugyo is present-day Katsura Imperial Villa and Hachijonomiya began to be called Katsuranomiya after that.
Japanese: この桂御別業が現在の桂離宮であり、八条宮はその後桂宮と呼ばれるようになった。
English: Immediately after the Battle of Sekigahara, his older brother, Emperor Goyozei planned to dismiss his son, monk-Imperial Prince Kakujin who was supposed to be the heir and transfer the imperial throne to his younger brother, Imperial Prince Toshihito.
Japanese: さて、関ヶ原の戦い直後、兄の後陽成天皇は当初皇位継承者とされていた実子の覚深法親王を廃して弟に当たる智仁親王に皇位を譲ろうと考えた。
English: He sounded Ieyasu TOKUGAWA out about the transfer of the imperial throne, but Ieyasu opposed that because Imperial Prince Toshihito was a yushi of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: そこで、時の天下人である徳川家康に譲位の旨を打診したが、家康は智仁親王が秀吉の猶子であることから反対した。
English: In the end in 1661, the imperial throne was transferred to Imperial Prince Kotohito (Emperor Gomizunoo) who was a younger brother of Imperial Prince Nagahito.
Japanese: そして結局、皇位は1611年に良仁親王の弟の政仁親王（後水尾天皇）が継ぐこととなったのである。
English: Imperial Princess Sonshi (966 - May 24, 985) was the second Princess of the sixty-third Emperor Reizei.
Japanese: 尊子内親王（そんしないしんのう、康保3年（966年）-永観3年5月2日（985年5月24日））は、第63代冷泉天皇の第二皇女。
English: According to "Eiga monogatari" (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) she was said to be a 'very beautiful Princess, as if she was shinning' and she had bright future having maternal relatives of the family eligible for regents, however after her maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Koremasa and her mother, Kaishi and her uncles as well, died unexpectedly one after another, she lost her powerful supervisor.
Japanese: 尊子内親王は『栄花物語』によれば「いみじう美しげに光るやう」な姫宮であったといい、摂関家嫡流を外戚に何不自由ない将来を約束されていたが、外祖父藤原伊尹や母懐子、そして叔父達までも次々と早世したために有力な後見を失ってしまう。
English: After she became Nyogo of Emperor Enyu, there was a big fire after she made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into the court, she was called 'Hinomiya' (Princess fire) her nickname was 'Hinomiya' (Imperial Princess), although she had a noble background, she had many misfortunes in her life.
Japanese: また円融天皇の女御となった際も、入内直後に大火があったため世間から「火の宮」（内親王の皇妃を「妃の宮」と呼ぶのにかけた渾名）と呼ばれるなど、高貴な生まれにも関わらず不運の連続だった。
English: Imperial Princess Sonshi was much loved by Emperor Enyu as he adored her, but after her uncle, Mitsuakira died who she relied on the most, the Princess shaved her head and entered into the priesthood.
Japanese: それでも円融天皇は尊子内親王を可愛らしく思い寵愛したというが、唯一の頼りであった叔父光昭の死を期に、内親王は自ら髪を切り落として世を捨ててしまう。
English: After that a scholar of the Chinese classics, MINAMOTO no Tamenori wrote 'Sanpo e' and gave it to the Princess, when the Princess died, YOSHISHIGE no Yasunane wrote Ganmon (special document or letter to pray to god) for Shijukunichi (a memorial service held on the forty-ninth day after a person's death) and remembered the Imperial Princess as a modest person who entered into priesthood at a young age and then died.
Japanese: その後漢学者源為憲が内親王のために『三宝絵』を著して進呈し、また薨去の際には慶滋保胤が四十九日供養の願文を自らしたためて、若くして出家・他界した尊子内親王の慎ましい人柄を偲んだ。
English: Imperial Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako) (August 15, 1013 - February 3, 1094) was the sixty-seventh Emperor Sanjo's third Princess.
Japanese: 禎子内親王（ていし（よしこ/さだこ）ないしんのう、長和2年7月6日（1013年8月15日）-寛治8年1月16日（1094年2月3日））は、第67代三条天皇の第三皇女。
English: Her children were Imperial Prince Takahito (Emperor Gosanjo), Imperial Princess Nagako (Ryoshi) Ise saigu (an unmarried princess who, in former times, was sent by the emperor to serve at Ise Shrine), Kamo saiin Imperial Princess Kenshi (an unmarried princess who, in former times, was sent by the emperor to serve at Kamo Shrine).
Japanese: 子女は尊仁親王（後三条天皇）、伊勢斎宮良子内親王、賀茂斎院娟子内親王。
English: In February 1037, she was appointed as Chugu, and she officially became the Empress when FUJIWARA no Genshi (FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's adopted daughter) was appointed as the Empress in March.
Japanese: 同10年（1037年）2月、中宮に冊立されるも、3月藤原嫄子（藤原頼通養女）の立后で皇后に。
English: Imperial Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako) was born while the relationship of her grandfather, Michinaga and her father, Emperor Sanjo was not going well, therefore Michinaga was not happy having a baby girl since he was expecting to have baby boy as a future Prince to improve the relationship with the Emperor.
Japanese: 禎子内親王の誕生は祖父道長と父三条天皇の間がしっくりいかない最中のことであり、それだけに皇子誕生で関係改善を期していた道長は女御子であったことに不機嫌であった。
English: However Emperor Sanjo loved this youngest Princess very much, Michinaga also treated this grandchild born of his daughter very well, the Princess's aunt, Grand Empress Dowager, FUJIWARA no Shoshi did Koshiyui (a person who tie the ribbon of the Hakama at the ceremony) at the Mogi ceremony for the Princess.
Japanese: しかし三条天皇はこの末の皇女に非常に愛情を注ぎ、道長も後にはその外孫にふさわしく遇して、着裳の際には伯母の太皇太后藤原彰子が腰結いの役をつとめている。
English: After her aunt, Crown Prince's Empress, FUJIWARA no Kishi died, Imperial Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako) made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry of Crown Prince into the court as it was Michinaga's intention to do so, although there was another candidate who was Princess Teishi's uncle, FUJIWARA no Norimichi's daughter, it is apparent that Princess Teishi was treated very well as one of Michinaga's family members.
Japanese: また叔母の東宮妃藤原嬉子の死後、当時他に叔父藤原教通の娘がいながら、道長の意向で禎子内親王が東宮へ入内したことからも、道長一族の一人として大切にされていた様子が伺える。
English: However after Emperor Gosuzaku's enthronement, this was the time the Princess's uncle and the Chancellor, Yorimichi made her adopted daughter Geshi an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court and she became Chugu, the relationship between the Princess Teishi and the Sekkan family (family eligible for the regent and the chancellor) became worse all the sudden.
Japanese: しかし後朱雀天皇の即位にあたり、伯父の関白頼通が養女嫄子を入内させて中宮に冊立した頃から、禎子内親王と摂関家の関係は急速に悪化していったらしい。
English: While Yorimichi and FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu arranged their daughters Imperial consort's bridal entry into court one after another, Princess Teishi was not able to enter into the Imperial Palace although she was the Empress, however she was supported by Yorimichi and Norimichi's half younger brother, FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu.
Japanese: 頼通や藤原教通らが次々と娘達を入内させる一方で、皇后でありながら内親王は殆ど宮中入りすらままならず、そんな内親王を陰で支えたのは頼通・教通らの異母弟藤原能信であった。
English: It was said, due to FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu's support, who was the Kogotaifu (Master of the Empress's Household), the Imperial Teishi's child, Imperial Prince Takahito became the Princess's half older brother, Emperor Reizei's younger brother who was heir apparent.
Japanese: 皇后大夫でもあった彼の働きで、禎子内親王所生の尊仁親王は異母兄後冷泉天皇の皇太弟になったといわれる。
English: ("Imakagami") (The Mirror of the Present) Although the Princess was treated coldly by the Chancellor after that, because Emperor Goreizei died without having any successor to the throne, Emperor Gosanjo was enthroned after him, the Princess Teishi became Kokumo (Empress), Yomeimonin, and then she had strong political influence which was a much stronger power than she had when she was Jotomonin Shoshi.
Japanese: （『今鏡』）その後も関白らに冷遇され続けながらも、後冷泉天皇が嗣子なくして崩御したため晴れて後三条天皇が即位、禎子内親王も今や国母陽明門院として、かつての上東門院彰子にも劣らぬ影響力を持つに至った。
English: After that Emperor Gosanjo abdicated from the throne after being in power around five years and he died, Yomeimonin adopted the granddaughter left by the Emperor, Imperial Princess Tokushi and gave her much affection while bringing her up.
Japanese: そののち後三条天皇は在位5年余りで譲位・崩御したが、陽明門院は忘れ形見の孫娘篤子内親王を養女として愛育するようになる。
English: However Emperor Shirakawa, who succeeded to the throne after his father, Emperor Gosanjo, did not obey his father's will to let his half younger brother, Imperial Prince Sukehito succeeded to the throne, instead, Emperor Shirakawa forced his own son, Imperial Prince Taruhito (later called Emperor Horikawa, Yomeimonin's great grandchild) succeed to the throne.
Japanese: だが、後三条天皇の後を継いだ白河天皇が父である後三条院の遺命に背き、異母弟輔仁親王を皇位継承から排除して、我が子善仁親王（後の堀河天皇、陽明門院からみれば曾孫にあたる）への譲位を強行した。
English: However the retired Emperor Shirakawa had to stop the conflict between him and his own grandmother, he made Imperial Princess Tokushi Imperial Consort's bridal entry of Emperor Horikawa into court and made her become the Empress.
Japanese: だが、白河上皇もいつまでも実の祖母と仲違いを続ける訳にはいかず、篤子内親王を堀河天皇に入内・立后させた。
English: Imperial Prince Koretaka (844 - March 30, 897) was an Imperial family member during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 惟喬親王（これたかしんのう、承和11年（844年）-寛平9年2月20日（897年3月30日）は、平安時代前期の皇族。
English: His father, Emperor Montoku appointed his forth Prince, Imperial Prince Korehito (later called Emperor Seiwa) as Crown Prince, and tried to let Imperial Prince Koretaka succeed to the throne, however this did not happened as MINAMOTO no Makoto was concerned that FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa would be against this and he remonstrated his concern to the Emperor.
Japanese: 父・文徳天皇は皇太子として第四皇子である惟仁親王（後の清和天皇）を立てた後、惟喬親王にも皇位を継承させようとしたが、藤原良房の反対を危惧した源信の諫言により実現できなかったといわれている。
English: This was due to the background that Imperial Prince Koretaka's mother was from the Ki clan and did not have strong political support, on the other hand, Imperial Prince Korehito's mother was Yoshifusa's daughter, FUJIWARA no Meishi.
Japanese: これは、惟喬親王の母が紀氏の出身で後ろ盾が弱く、一方惟仁親王の母が良房の娘藤原明子であったことによるものとされる。
English: However there was criticism against this decision within the Imperial Palace, and there were arguments as to whether the decision was right or not, even after more than one hundred years had passed ("Gonki" Kanko 8, an article issued on May 27 (July 7, 1011).
Japanese: ただ、この決定に対する不満が朝廷内部にあったとされ、100年以上経った後でさえその是非が議論の対象になったとされる（『権記』寛弘8年5月27日条。
English: This time as well, there was a conflict between Imperial Prince Atsuyasu and Imperial Prince Atsuhira (later called Emperor Goichijo), which was a similar situation when there was a conflict between Koretaka and Atsuyasu.)
Japanese: この時も次期皇太子を巡る敦康親王派と敦成親王派（後の後一条天皇）の確執があり、惟喬と敦康の境遇が類似していた）。
English: After that he successively held positions like Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), Danjoin (President of the Board of Censors), the Governor of Hitachi Province, the Governor of Kozuke Province, then he entred into the priesthood and went to live in seclusion in Ono, Shiga Country, Omi Province.
Japanese: その後、大宰帥・弾正尹・常陸太守・上野太守を歴任した後出家し、近江国滋賀郡小野に隠棲。
English: Later on it is said that he also lived in retirement in Yamazaki and Minase, where he socialized with ARIWARA no Narihira and KI no Aritsune.
Japanese: その後、山崎・水無瀬にも閑居し、在原業平・紀有常らと交流したといわれる。
English: There were some oral traditions of woodturner in the place like Kimigahara, Kanzaki Country, Omi Province, which it said Imperial Prince Koretaka was the originator of the traditions.
Japanese: 近江国神崎郡君ヶ畑をはじめ、木地師のなかには惟喬親王を祖とする伝承が全国的に見られる。
English: Noshi were the everyday clothes for Emperors, Crown Princes, Imperial Princes or other court nobles after Heian period (the Heian costume).
Japanese: 直衣（のうし）は、平安時代以降の天皇、皇太子、親王、および公家の平常服(平安装束)。
English: The appearance the Noshi looked almost the same as Ikan (traditional formal court dress), but the original meaning of Noshi (simple clothing) was casual clothing and there were no restrictions in terms of its coloring and pattern.
Japanese: 外見上は衣冠とほとんど同じであるが、「直（ただ）の衣」の意味より平常服とされ、色目・紋様も自由であった。
English: Noshi originally looked like semi-formal style clothing to go with eboshi, (a type of headgear worn by nobles in court dress) it was worn with silk belt instead of a Sekitai (a type of sash).
Japanese: 直衣は元来烏帽子にあわせた略装のようで、石帯を締めないで、絹帯を締める着装をした。
English: The old style Noshi can be seen on a statue of God in Izusan-jinja Shrine or Damie Karozu (Karabitsu) of MOA Museum of Art.
Japanese: 古い直衣姿は伊豆山神社の神像や、MOA美術館所蔵の彩絵唐櫃により知られる。
English: Noshi used to be worn with the outer jumper called 'Ho' which was not color coordinated with Noshi, it was called 'Zappo,' this was worn after obtaining permission from the Imperial Palace called 'Zappo Senshi.'
Japanese: 袍（ほう＝うわぎ）を位階にあわせた色にしないため「雑袍」と呼ばれ、参内には「雑袍宣旨」という宣旨を得てから使用した。
English: Once Seinshi was informed at the judicial office and the police and Kebiishi (judicial chief who also acted as police), ("Saigu ki"), it was allowed to enter the Imperial Palace just wearing Noshi (without wearing Zappo).
Japanese: この宣旨は警察の役目を果たす弾正台や検非違使に通知され（『西宮記』）、以後は直衣で参内してもとがめられなくなる。
English: However, the theory was that it was allowed to wear Noshi into the Palace on occasions such as Gosechi (Imperial ceremony held at during Heian period in Daijosai (enthronement ceremony for new emperor) and Shinjosai (the ceremony when the Emperor eats rice from a new harvest).
Japanese: ただし平安時代には五節などのときは直衣での参内が自由にできたという説もある。
English: In Medieval times it was common to tell people wearing Noshi 'come to the Palace in your Noshi costume' through a messenger instead of issuing Senshi letter (Shosoku).
Japanese: 中世には、正式な宣旨のかわりに、取次ぎが「直衣を着て参内すべし」という手紙（消息）で着用者に通知する方法が一般化した。
English: People who were court nobles, (higher rank than Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank - or state councilor) were allowed to wear Noshi, but 'Zappo Shenshi' was not automatically allowed because of official rank.
Japanese: 直衣が許されるのは、多くが公卿（従三位以上もしくは参議以上）であるが、位階によって自動的に「雑袍宣旨」が下されるのではない。
English: Wearing Noshi meant a close relationship to the Emperor, originally Noshi was allowed for maternal relatives or a lecturer in the Imperial Household to wear, ("Kinpisho"), in the Medieval period there was no strict rules as to who were allowed to wear Noshi, most of the court nobles who held their position for a few years could wear Noshi.
Japanese: 直衣での参内は天皇との私的なつながりを持つことを意味し、外戚や侍読等には優先的に許されるのが本来であったが（『禁秘抄』）、中世には基準が曖昧化して、公卿である程度年数を経たものが許された。
English: In clans where members are eligible to become regents and chancellor, young people were allowed to wear Noshi since the Heian period, it is said the Ichijo family from the Muromachi period was allowed to wear this costume without receiving Senshi, just after having coming-of-age ceremony.
Japanese: また摂関家などでは平安時代から若年ですぐに許されたものであり、室町時代の一条家などは宣旨を待たずに元服後すぐ着用したという。
English: Also Chusho (assistant position to Konoe fu) and Shosho (assistant position to Konoe fu, one rank below to Chusho) of Konoe fu (even tenjobito (a high ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) apart from the court nobles) were allowed to wear Noshi in the Palace without receiving Senshi since early Kamakura period, those who were not court nobles wore plain Noshi without a pattern.
Japanese: また鎌倉時代初期以前より近衛府の中将や少将（公卿以外の殿上人であっても）は宣旨を得ずに参内に用いることができたが、公卿でないものは無文直衣を使用した。
English: People were allowed to wear Noshi privately at home without receiving Senshi, but permission changed to Kariginu (informal clothes worn by Court nobles) and it was rare to see people wearing Noshi at home.
Japanese: また、私家での使用は、宣旨を得なくてもよかったが、私家での使用は、平安末期には狩衣にとってかわられて、まれになった。
English: In the Medieval period, Kariginu was worn by upper class court nobles, the formal headwear for court nobles and the Noshi became unpopular and it was commonly worn by people who had permission from a retired emperor to enter the retired emperor's Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 中世に入ると、狩衣が上流貴族にまで用いられはじめたため、烏帽子直衣は衰退、烏帽子直衣は院の御所に、太上天皇の許しを受けた者が参入する時に使用することが普通になった。
English: In the Kamakura period it was common for people who's official rank was higher than Minister to wear Eboshi apart from the special occasions such as; betto of Kebiishi used while working for the Kebiishi office, or when the head of the Kajuji House of the Fujiwara clan attended their hokke hakko (a Buddhist service).
Japanese: 鎌倉時代には検非違使の別当が私家での検非違使庁務に使用したり、勧修寺流藤原氏当主が一族の法華八講に出るときなど、古くからの慣例故実のある場合のほかは、もっぱら大臣クラスが烏帽子直衣を着るという通念が生まれる。
English: In the Edo period it was the official costume of 'Chigo' (a page) who did routine work in the Imperial Palace, in latter half of the Edo period, many court nobles wore Warawa noshi for the coming-of-age ceremony and they changed to ikan (traditional formal court dress) after wearing the crown.
Japanese: 江戸時代には宮中で雑用を勤めた「稚児」の正装であり、江戸時代後半には多くの公家は元服の時童直衣を用い、加冠後衣冠に替えた。
English: Noshi was generally worn with Shitagasane without Kyo (a type of strings), until the 10th century, it was common to wear 'Noshi hoko' when people wore Noshi with Shitagasane underneath with Sekitai (a type of belt).
Japanese: 直衣は普通下襲の裾を引かないが、10世紀頃までは、直衣の下に下襲を重ね、石帯を締める「直衣布袴」がさかんに用いられた。
English: According to "The Tale of Genji" (suzumushi or cricket) there was a casual style wearing Shitagoromo without wearing Sekitai.
Japanese: また、下襲を着て石帯は使用しない略装もあったことが『源氏物語』（鈴虫）に見える。
English: According to records from the 11th century, there was a style called 'Noshi Sokutai' where people wore Noshi, Shitagasane, ue no hakama, Sekitai.
Japanese: さらに11世紀頃の記録には、直衣・下襲・表袴・石帯を用いた「直衣束帯」が見える。
English: This style was used by the children of people with high rank at the coming-of-age ceremony, but there was no record of this style being used since the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: これはもっぱら元服の時に高貴な人の子息が使用しているが、平安末期以降の所用例は見えない。
English: Noshi hoko was last used with Kobai (light pink) Noshi by Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in the middle of the Muromachi period, (this example was probably considered as old fashioned), there were almost no other examples, but one historical article (Tsukyo (Michie) koki which mentioned that Retired Emperor Sakuramachi used it for a Buddhist service (for the dead).
Japanese: 直衣布袴も室町中期に足利義持が紅梅直衣に使用したのを最後に（この例自体が多分に尚古趣味によるものであった）ほとんど例を絶ち、近世には桜町上皇が仏事に使用した記事（通兄公記）などが知られるのみである。
English: Kinu means Akome to wear with Sokutai, there was a theory that Kinu was made longer than Akome.
Japanese: 衣《きぬ》は束帯の衵《あこめ》に相当するが、それより長く仕立てたという説もある。
English: Originally it was not allowed to enter the Imperial Palace wearing a Noshi costume except for some aides who had special permission from the emperor to do so.
Japanese: 原則的には直衣姿での参内（御所への出入り）は認められないが、特別な勅許を得た臣下は参内できた。
English: 冠直衣 style was worn not only for the occasion on entering the Palace, but also for special occasions when people wear their best clothes such as when participating in other people's coming-of-age ceremony or going to a Buddhist service.
Japanese: 冠直衣は参内に限るものではなく、仏事や他家の元服への参列など、晴れのときに着用した。
English: In recent years, the hitoe and the kinu were worn together with Ikan, Noshi, Kariginu as formal style, or sometimes these clothes were worn directly on top of Kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes), or Sashiko (Kiribakama made from same fabric as Sashinuki) was worn instead of wearing Sashinuki.
Japanese: 近世では、衣冠･直衣・狩衣について正式には単や衣を重ねたものの、小袖に直接これらのうわぎを着ることも行われ、また指貫に代えて指袴（指貫と同じ生地の切袴）も用いた。
English: There was a record from the late Muromachi period stating that Shita bakama was worn at the coming-of-ceremony for Imperial Princes, but it became uncommon to wear them in the middle of the Edo period, they were only worn in formal style together with Hitoe.
Japanese: 下袴は室町末期に至っても親王元服などの記録に見られるが、江戸初期には一旦衰退し、江戸中期以降、単などを重ねる正式な着装に限り使用した。
English: At this time the Kinu and Hitoe worn as undershirts were long length shirts similar to the one's for woman, and the Hakama was Nagabakama with light pink color.
Japanese: このときは下に重ねる衣や單も女性のもののように長いものを使用、袴も紅の長袴である。
English: The Naga no onzo and the Hitoe in the modern times have pointy shaped sleeves similar to those for men, both sides were open at the bottom, they were stitched only thirty centimeters from the bottom of the clothes.
Japanese: 近世の長御衣・単は襟の形が男物の先がとがった形状であり、わきはかなり下まであいていて、裾から1尺余り縫うだけである。
English: In summer it was worn without Onzo or worn with Hikihegi (a type of Hitoe and the pattern was same as Kinu) without lining.
Japanese: 夏は御衣を略したり、裏のない引陪木《単であるが、文様は衣に同じ》を用いたりする。
English: The Hakama was with 'nejimachi' which was the same as Nagabakama for women, in formal style it was with Kurenai koaoi mon aya (a type of an arabesque pattern figured cloth with light pink color) on the surface and the lining was a light pink color with plain silk fabric.
Japanese: 袴は女子の長袴同様の「ねじまち」で、正式には表紅小葵文綾・裏紅平絹。
English: In semi-formal style, it was a light pink color with plain silk and made by 'Hikikaeshi jitate.' (the outside and inside of the sleeves were made with one piece of fabric
Japanese: 略儀には紅生絹の引き返し仕立て（裾口を折山にして、表裏一続きの生地でしたてる。
English: In the modern times there was an example of Noshi, which was the same style as for women, but without ryugo decorations at the end of the strings.
Japanese: 近世の例では、形状は全く女性と同じだが、紐先に「立鼓」の飾りはない。
English: After the Medieval period, the casual style of Kinu and Hitoe (unlined kimono) were often worn, and wearing Kinu and the Hitoe together was sometimes called 'mononogu.'
Japanese: 中世以後、衣・単を略したものがよく用いられ、衣と単を重ねたものを「物具」ということもあった。
English: The retired emperor sometimes wore Noshi made with a special elegant fabric, but generally it was same as court noble's Noshi, such as shiro fusenryo marumon kataji aya.
Japanese: 上皇は特別華麗な生地の直衣も用いたが、一般には貴族と同じく白浮線綾丸文固地綾。