nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In Japan, green tea drinks are relatively popular, and produced by almost all the beverage makers.
Japanese: 日本では比較的人気のある飲み物で、ほとんどの飲料メーカーが手がけている。
English: In both the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, plastic bottles of green tea drink are sold, but main products are drinks with honey or sugar added.
Japanese: 中華人民共和国、台湾でもペットボトル等に入れた緑茶飲料が販売されているが、蜂蜜や砂糖を加えた商品が主流である。
English: In Thailand, in addition to Namacha, plastic bottles of green tea is produced and sold largely by a local enterprise, "Oishi Group Public Company Limited", and all contain sugar.
Japanese: タイでは生茶のほかにも現地企業の「OishiGroupPublicCompanyLimited」などのペットボトル緑茶も数多く売り出されているが、どれも砂糖入りである。
English: In Japan, Coca-Cola Japan Co., Ltd., Lipton, and others sell green tea drinks with honey or sugar added.
Japanese: 日本でも、コカコーラやリプトンなどから蜂蜜や砂糖を加えた緑茶飲料が発売されている。
English: Green tea drinks sold there contain sugar like green tea drinks in Asian countries, smiler to English black tea drinks in Japan.
Japanese: アジア諸国同様に砂糖などを加えた日本の紅茶飲料に近い形態で販売されている。
English: In the U.S., green tea alone may be thought of as too weak, and some flavors are sometimes added to enjoy green tea.
Japanese: アメリカ合衆国などでは緑茶だけだと味が薄く感じられるということで、フレーバーを混ぜて楽しむこともある。
English: It is a dish of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province; stir-frying shelled river shrimps and new leaves of Long Jing tea
Japanese: -浙江省杭州市の料理で、川えびの殻を剥いて、龍井茶の若葉と炒めたもの
English: Green powdered tea is used to flavor sweets including ice cream, to make cha soba (green tea buckwheat noodles), or to season tempura with salt.
Japanese: 抹茶はアイスクリームなどの菓子に風味を付けたり、蕎麦に加えて茶そばにしたり、塩と合わせて天ぷらの味付けに使われたりする。
English: A child is counted as one year old at birth, and every January 1st after that counts as a year older.
Japanese: 生まれた時点を「1歳」とし、以降元日（1月1日）を迎えるごとに1歳加える。
English: This is in contrast to the Western style of expressing one's age in completed years, where a year is added to one's age at midnight of the day before one's birthday.
Japanese: これに対し、出生日の応当日（誕生日）の前日午後12時に加齢する数え方を満年齢という。
English: Ex: if a baby is born on December 31, she will be one-year old at the time, and on the next day (January 1) she will be two years old.
Japanese: 例：12月31日に出生した場合、出生時に1歳で、翌日（1月1日）に2歳となる。
English: If she is born on January 1, however, she will be two years old on January 1 of the next year.
Japanese: また、1月1日に出生した場合は、2歳になるのは翌年の1月1日になる。
English: As the New Year's Day is the base date in the traditional Japanese age system, care is should be taken when calculating someone's age with this method because the New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar is different from that under the traditional Japanese calendar that had been used until the Gregorian calendar was introduced.
Japanese: 元日を基準とするのでグレゴリオ暦の導入以前は、暦法により元日が新暦に対し異なるため、数え年の計算には注意が必要である（単純に西暦で計算してはいけない）。
English: It is based on religious thinking (such as Buddhism): The nine months that the unborn baby stays in her mother's womb is counted in age.
Japanese: 宗教的（仏教など）な考えに基づく理由…胎児が母親の胎内にいる期間（十月十日〈とつきとおか〉）も年齢に加算する。
English: Problems with the rekiho (method of making calendars)(the lunisolar calendar): In the lunisolar calendar, a leap month is inserted once in approximately three years (approximately seven times in nineteen years) so the length of the year differs by year against solar calendar (the Gregorian calendar).
Japanese: 暦法（太陰太陽暦）による問題…太陰太陽暦は、太陽暦（グレゴリオ暦）に対して、約3年に1回（約19年に7回）の割合で閏月を挿入したため、1年の長さが年によってことなる。
English: A leap month occurs approximately once in three years, so the Western style of calculating age cannot be used precisely because people born on a leap month do not have an exact birthday.
Japanese: つまり、約3年に1回ほど閏月が入ったので、閏月に生まれた者は、閏月のない年には（正確な）誕生日がないので、満年齢が正確に計算できないため。
English: When a child is counted as one year old at birth according to the traditional Japanese system and becomes one year older on every New Year's Day.
Japanese: 数え年は生まれた時点の年齢を1歳とし、以後、元日が来るごとに1歳を加算する。
English: This is in contrast to the Western style of calculating in which a newborn baby is counted as zero year old, and becomes one year older on the at midnight of the day before the subsequent birthday.
Japanese: それに対して満年齢は、生まれた時点の年齢を0歳とし、以後誕生日の前日が満了するごとに1歳を加算する。
English: Since the solar calendar is used in Japan now and the Japanese calendar corresponds to the Christian calendar, the method of counting a person's age in the traditional Japanese system will be as follows: 'traditional Japanese system = your age + two' as for the period from the New Year's Day until the day before birthday, and the 'traditional Japanese system = your age + one' from your birthday and afterwards.
Japanese: 日本では現在は太陽暦を用いており、和暦と西暦の日付は一致するので、自分の今年の数え年は、元日から誕生日前日満了までは「数え年＝満年齢+2」、誕生日前日満了以降は、「数え年＝満年齢+1」で計算する。
English: In countries where the lunisolar calendar is still used or when counting the age of the deceased who lived during the period when the lunisolar calendar (the old lunisolar calendar) was used, age is counted with the New Year's Day as the base date of the calendar used in the relevant country back in these days.
Japanese: 現在も太陰太陽暦を用いている国や、太陰太陽暦（旧暦）を用いていた時代の物故者については、その国の当時の暦法の元日を基準として加算される。
English: Tempo-reki was used in Japan until December 2, Meiji 5 (December 31, 1872), and the resultant difference in dates means that New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar will differ from that under the traditional Japanese calendar.
Japanese: 日本では、明治5年12月2日（1872年12月31日）まで天保暦が用いられていたため、新暦導入以前の和暦とグレゴリオ暦の日付には差異があり元日が異なる。
English: Consequently, a person's age may be calculated incorrectly if it is based on the traditional Japanese system; in order to avoid this, the Christian era year that has been derived based on January 1st on the Japanese calendar should be used when calculating a person's date of birth and death.
Japanese: そのため、和暦の元日から換算した西暦の年を、その和暦の西暦の年として生没年を計算しないと、誤った数え年が計算されるおそれがある。
English: The difference of dates through the calendar method: First year of Genroku (January 1, 1688) is February 2, 1688 of the Gregorian Calendar.
Japanese: ※暦法による日付の差異…元禄元年1月1日＝グレゴリオ暦1688年2月2日
English: The year of the Christian era converted from the Japanese calendar: The first year of Genroku December 10 is actually January 1, 1689 in the Gregorian Calendar.
Japanese: ※和暦から換算した西暦の年…元禄元年12月10日＝グレゴリオ暦1689年1月1日。
English: If the Gregorian calendar is used as the base, one year has to be added to each of the years counted based on the traditional Japanese system, which will not match with the dates appearing in the literature from those era.
Japanese: ⇒グレゴリオ暦を基準とすると、数え年が「1」加算されてしまい、当時の文献などと整合が失われてしまう。
English: For that reason, we should consider the first year of Genroku (1688) is the year 1688 of the Christian era--this is January 1 to December 29 (January 20, 1689 in the Gregorian Calendar).
Japanese: よって元禄元年は、1月1日～12月29日（グレゴリオ暦1689年1月20日）までを、西暦1688年として考えなければならない。
English: Died on December 10, 1688 (January 1, 1689 on the Gregorian calendar): The first year of Genroku is not 1689, it is calculated as the year 1688.
Japanese: 元禄元年12月10日（グレゴリオ暦1689年1月1日）没…元禄元年は、1689年ではなく1688年で計算する。
English: Correct: 1688-162959+1= 60 at death (59): adding 1 is for the first year of life.
Japanese: 正：1688-162959+1⇒享年60（満59歳没）…1を足すのは、生まれた年にとる1歳の分
English: 1688-162959+1= 60 at death (58): This person died before her birthday came, so her age will be 58 years old.
Japanese: 1688-162959+1⇒享年60（満58歳没）…誕生日前日満了を迎える前に亡くなったので、満年齢では58歳となる。
English: East Asian countries such as Japan, China, Korea and Vietnam did not use the Western style of calculating age in older times; rather, they used Kazoedoshi (the age by the traditional Japanese system).
Japanese: 日本・中国・朝鮮半島・ベトナムの東アジア諸国では、古くから満年齢は使われず、数え年が使われてきた。
English: While most countries switched to the Western style of calculating age, only the Republic of Korea uses the old system officially and privately.
Japanese: しかし多くの国では満年齢に切り替わり、現在は大韓民国のみで、公的及び民間で広く使われている。
English: It was used privately even after it was abolished officially in Japan and China.
Japanese: 日本や中国では公的に廃止されてもしばらくは民間で数え年が使われていた。
English: However, kazoedoshi ceased to be used after the World War II in Japan, after the Cultural Revolution in China, and after independence in the North Korea.
Japanese: しかし日本では第二次世界大戦後、中国では文化大革命後、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国では独立後にほとんど使われなくなった。
English: Currently, it is January 1 when another year is added on the Gregorian calendar in Japan and Korea; however, in China, the lunar New Year (old new year) is still observed.
Japanese: 現在、1歳加える日は、日本や韓国ではグレゴリオ暦の1月1日、中国では春節（旧正月。
English: In some districts or groups in Japan, however, the former New Year or the beginning of spring (the first day of spring according to the lunar calendar) is used.
Japanese: ただし日本では、地方や流派によって、旧正月や、立春とすることがある。
English: This is a new method to signify the former New Year in a simple and easy way at the beginning of spring.
Japanese: 立春とするのは、本来旧正月としたいところを簡便にするための、新しい方法である。
English: It is called hangunnai ("nai" means age) in Korean (the Western-style age system is called mannai).
Japanese: 韓国語では韓国ナイ（ハングンナイ、ナイ年齢）という（満年齢は満ナイ（マンナイ））。
English: It is called East Asian age reckoning in English, and being x years old in the traditional Japanese system can also be described as one is in one's xth year.
Japanese: 英語ではEastAsianagereckoningといい、数えで×歳であることはinones×thyearともいう。
English: However, 'the law about calculating age' (December 2, 1902, Law No. 50) was enforced on December 22, 1902, and the Western style of calculating age was adopted.
Japanese: しかし、1902年12月22日施行の「年齢計算ニ関スル法律（明治35年12月2日法律第50号）」を受け、満年齢を使用することとなった。
English: However, the traditional Japanese system continued to be used privately; therefore, on January 1, 1950 'the law of the method of the age' (May 24 in 1949, Law No. 96) came into effect.
Japanese: しかし、一般には数え年が使われ続けたことから、1950年1月1日「年齢のとなえ方に関する法律（昭和24年5月24日法律第96号）」が施行された。
English: The law stated that citizens should no longer use the way of counting a person's age based on the traditional Japanese system, and always use the way of counting the years of age (the number of months when one's age is under one year) that is set forth in the provisions of law about calculating age (1902, Law No. 50).
Japanese: 国民は、年齢を数え年によつて言い表わす従来のならわしを改めて、年齢計算に関する法律（明治35年法律第50号）の規定により算定した年数（一年に達しないときは、月数）によってこれを言い表わすのを常とするように心がけなければならない。
English: It also stated that, when the government or municipalities refer to the age of a person, such organization must describe the years of age or the number of months in accordance with the rule set forth in the previous paragraph.
Japanese: 国又は地方公共団体の機関が年齢を言い表わす場合においては、当該機関は、前項に規定する年数又は月数によつてこれを言い表わさなければならない。
English: However, should there be a compelling reason that one must describe a person's age in accordance with the traditional Japanese system, that effect must be specified in advance.
Japanese: 但し、特にやむを得ない事由により数え年によつて年齢を言い表わす場合においては、特にその旨を明示しなければならない。
English: As described above, the government and municipalities were obligated to use the Western style age system and to specify so when there is a need to mention an age based on the traditional Japanese system.
Japanese: と、国・地方公共団体の機関に対しては満年齢の使用を義務付け、数え年を用いる場合は明示することを義務付けた。
English: For example, when a child was born in December and in February next year the child receives candy through the distribution system because the child was regarded as two years old.
Japanese: 実際、例えば12月に子供が生まれ、翌年2月に「2歳だ」という理由でキャラメルが配給されることなどはよくあった。
English: Of course, the idea of giving candy to a two-month-old infant absurd.
Japanese: 当然のことながら、生後2か月の乳児にキャラメルを支給しても無意味である。
English: There was another type of problem where someone who was in his fifties based on the Western-style age system was considered in his sixties according to the traditional Japanese system and the amount of he received through distribution was reduced because of his age.
Japanese: また、満年齢では50代であるのに数え年では60代という理由で配給量を減らされるなどの問題も起きていた。
English: Although the calories that were the bases for deciding the amount of distribution were calculated based on the Western-style age system, the actual distribution conducted based on the traditional Japanese age system; thus, such a problem occurred.
Japanese: 配給量の基礎となるカロリー計算は満年齢を基に算定されていたにもかかわらず、実際の配給の現場では数え年を基に支給されていたため、これらのような支障が生じていた。
English: People in other age groups use the traditional Japanese age system on limited occasions such as fortune telling, traditional events, or when counting the age at death.
Japanese: それ以外の年齢層が数え年を用るのは占いや伝統行事、享年などの限られた場面のみとなっている。
English: The traditional events such as Shichigosan Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the healthy growth of young children celebrated when they turn three, five, or seven years old) or Toshiiwai (the celebration for certain ages) (e.g. Koki (the cerebration of a person's seventieth birthday), Kiju (the cerebration of a person's seventy-seventh birthday), etc.) originally used the traditional Japanese age system.
Japanese: 伝統行事である七五三や年祝い（古希・喜寿など）も、本来、数え年で行われてきた。
English: Therefore, both the traditional Japanese age system and the Western-style age system are allowed to be used in such events.
Japanese: そのため、数え年・満年齢のいずれで祝ってもよいとされていることが多い。
English: In principle, celebrations are conducted at the same ages regardless of the age system used.
Japanese: この場合、原則として数え年・満年齢のいずれを用いても同じ数字の年齢で行われる。
English: Kanreki is celebrated at the age of sixty-one based on the traditional Japanese age system, and at the age of sixty based on the Christian era.
Japanese: 数え年で行う場合は61歳、満年齢で行う場合は60歳と、行われる年齢の数字が異なる。
English: Also, for memorial services and in shinto, the traditional Japanese age system is used when counting one's age at death that is inscribed at ceremonial occasions.
Japanese: なお、葬祭の際に記す「享年（行年）」は、法事や神道では数え年が使われる。
English: However, it is decided to follow the international system of notation since 2001 and a horse is zero year old at birth and one year is added to its age on January 1 of every year (i.e., the age that is one year less than it used to be under the traditional Japanese age system).
Japanese: しかし2001年からは、馬齢の国際表記に従って、「生まれた年を0歳、（新たに1月1日を迎える毎に）1歳加齢する（＝数え年から1を引いたもの）」とすることになった。
English: Therefore, January 1st remains to be the date on which another year is added, and the age of a horse is not equal to 'the age the horse according to the Western-style system.'
Japanese: つまり、加齢日は現在も一律に1月1日であり、馬齢＝「満年齢」ではない。
English: The day used as the base date for counting anniversaries in the traditional Japanese age system (e.g. years of career, years since entering a company, grade in school, and after death) is mostly the corresponding day (e.g. the date of entering a company, the date of entering a school, and the date of person's death).
Japanese: なお、記念日としての数え年（経歴、入社年数、学年等や没後など）の数え年の加算日は、その記念日の応当日（入社日、入学日、没日など）を基準とすることが多い。
English: Shabu-shabu is a Japanese dish in which extremely thin slices of meat are cooked by swishing them back and forth several times in dashi (broth) boiled in a special tabletop pot, dipped in sauce and eaten with boiled ingredients such as vegetables, tofu and kuzukiri.
Japanese: しゃぶしゃぶは、ごく薄く切った肉を、食卓の専用鍋に煮え立たせただし汁に数回くぐらせ加熱し、野菜・豆腐・葛切りなどの食材を煮込んだものと共に、タレにつけて食べる日本の鍋料理である。
English: Beef is the main ingredient, but pork and chicken as well as seafood including blowfish, octopus, sea bream, and snow crab are also used.
Japanese: 肉は主として牛肉であるが、その他豚肉、鶏肉、またフグ、タコや鯛、ズワイガニなどの魚介類も用いられる。
English: Beef shabu-shabu is called "gyu-shabu," and pork shabu-shabu is known as "buta-shabu."
Japanese: 牛肉を用いたものを「牛しゃぶ」、豚肉を用いたものを「豚しゃぶ」とも言う。
English: Octopus 'tako-shabu' and mutton 'ramu-shabu' are popular in Hokkaido, Nagoya is known for 'tori-shabu' made using Nagoya cochin chicken, 'buri-shabu' from Toyama Prefecture is made using yellowtail fish, and the 'kurobuta-shabu' from Kagoshima Prefecture is made using Kagoshima Kurobuta (Black Berkshire) pork.
Japanese: 北海道ではタコを用いた「たこしゃぶ」やヒツジ肉を用いた「ラムしゃぶ」があり、名古屋では名古屋コーチンを用いた「鶏しゃぶ」、富山県ではブリを用いた「鰤しゃぶ」、鹿児島県ではかごしま黒豚を用いた「黒豚しゃぶ」などがある。
English: The name 'shabu-shabu' was coined in 1952 by the restaurant Suehiro in Osaka when it offered the dish as a house specialty.
Japanese: 「しゃぶしゃぶ」の名称は、1952年（昭和27年）に大阪のスエヒロが、自店の料理として出すときに命名したもので、これが始まりとされている。
English: The name became a registered trademark in 1955 but it was not 'Shabu-shabu' but 'Niku no Shabu-shabu' (lit. Meat shabu-shabu) that was registered by Suehiro, and it said that this decision was reversed by the company president in order to allow the name to be used by any restaurant.
Japanese: 1955年（昭和30年）に商標登録されているが、スエヒロが商標登録したのは「しゃぶしゃぶ」ではなく、「肉のしゃぶしゃぶ」で、「しゃぶしゃぶ」という言葉を、どの店でも使えるようにとの当時の社長の配慮だという。
English: The column-like protrusion in the middle of the special shabu-shabu pots is a remnant of a feature originally used in which to place charcoal to heat the pot.
Japanese: しゃぶしゃぶ専用の調理鍋の中央にある柱状の突起は、開発当時そこに炭を入れ鍋を加熱したという技術の名残である。
English: Beijing has a mutton hot pot dish known as 'shuan yang rou,' and this is said to have developed into modern shabu-shabu after being introduced to Japan following the World War II by Tottori City native Shoya YOSHIDA, leader of the mingei (folk art) movement, who was stationed in Beijing as an army medic during the war and introduced it at his Nijudanya restaurant in Kyoto, changing the main ingredient from mutton to beef, and receiving the input of individuals such as; Sosetsu YANAGI and Kanjiro KAWAI.
Japanese: 北京の火鍋料理に「羊肉（シュワンヤンロウ,ピンイン：shuànyángròu）」という羊肉でしゃぶしゃぶする料理があり、鳥取市出身で民芸運動の指導者であった吉田璋也が、戦後京都十二段家で戦時中に軍医として赴任していた北京の料理を我が国に伝え、羊肉を牛肉に替え、柳宗悦や河井寛次郎等の助言を得て今日の形となったという。
English: Unlike Japanese shabu-shabu, the ingredients used in Chinese hot pot are not merely dipped in the pot but need to be stewed for a little longer.
Japanese: ただ、中国の鍋料理である火鍋に用いられる食材は、日本のしゃぶしゃぶのように、すぐに火が通るものばかりではなく、しばらく煮込む必要がある食材も多い。
English: Shoya YOSHIDA's shabu-shabu predecessor, "gyuniku no susugi nabe" is served at the "Takumi Kappo" restaurant in Tottori City.
Japanese: なお、吉田璋也によるしゃぶしゃぶの原型「牛肉のすすぎ鍋」は、鳥取市のたくみ割烹で供されている。
English: The president of Suehiro at the time introduced sukiyaki for the reason that "it was not possible to sell yakiniku (grilled meat) during summertime," and shabu-shabu, which is often considered to be a winter dish, is actually a typical summer dish.
Japanese: スエヒロの当時の社長が、しゃぶしゃぶを始めたきっかけは『夏場に焼肉が売れないため』の対策であり、冬の料理と思われがちなしゃぶしゃぶだが、実際は夏の料理であり、俳句の季語として使うのであれば、『夏』が正しい。
English: The Seijin-shiki ceremony is an event where local public bodies in Japan invite young people who enter adulthood during the fiscal year when Seijin-shiki is held, in order to encourage and cast blessings upon them.
Japanese: 成人式（せいじんしき）とは、日本の地方公共団体などが、成人式を行う年度内に成人に達する人々を招き、激励・祝福する行事（イベント）。
English: In the cultural anthropology or folklore, this kind of ceremony is treated as one of the rites of passage (initiation).
Japanese: 文化人類学や民俗学では、こうしたものを通過儀礼（イニシエーション）の一つとして扱う。
English: The present-day form of Seijin-shiki ceremony in Japan is based upon the 'Seinen-sai Festival' (youth festival) which was held in Warabi-machi, Kitaadachi-gun (present-day Warabi City), Saitama Prefecture on November 22, 1946 soon after the end of the World War II.
Japanese: 日本における今日の形態の成人式は、終戦間もない1946年11月22日、埼玉県北足立郡蕨町（現蕨市）において実施された「青年祭」がルーツとなっている。
English: At that time when people were in a state of lethargy due to defeat in the war, the Seinen-sai Festival was planned at the suggestion of Shojiro TAKAHASHI, then leader of youth union in Warabi-machi, Saitama Prefecture, in order to encourage young people who will lead the next generation to have high hopes.
Japanese: 敗戦により虚脱の状態にあった当時、次代を担う青年達に明るい希望を持たせ励ますため、当時の埼玉県蕨町青年団長高橋庄次郎が主唱者となり青年祭を企画した。
English: A tent was pitched at the schoolyard of Warabi Daiichi Elementary School (in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947) (present-day Warabi Municipal Warabikita Elementary School) which was used as a ceremonial place, and programs were held for the Seinen-sai Festival.
Japanese: 会場となった蕨第一国民学校（現蕨市立蕨北小学校）の校庭にテントを張り、青年祭のプログラムとして行われた。
English: In Warabi City, the term 'Seinen-shiki ceremony' is still used and on Coming-of-Age Day in 1979, a monument commemorating the 'Birthplace of the Seinen-shiki ceremony' was founded by Warabi City in Warabi Joshi Park within the city, in commemoration of City's 20th anniversary, and 30th anniversary of establishment of Coming-of-Age Day.
Japanese: 蕨市では現在も「成年式」と呼ばれており、1979年の成人の日には市制施行20周年、成人の日制定30周年を記念して同市内の蕨城址公園に「成年式発祥の地」の記念碑が同市によって建立された。
English: The national government influenced by the 'Seinen-sai Festival' in Warabi City specified January 15 as Coming-of-Age Day in 1949, based upon the purpose of 'casting blessings upon and encouraging young people who were aware of becoming adults, and strived to get through by themselves,' pursuant to the Act on National Holidays proclaimed and enacted in 1948.
Japanese: 蕨市の「青年祭」に影響を受けた国は、1948年に公布・施行された国民の祝日に関する法律により、「おとなになったことを自覚し、みずから生きぬこうとする青年を祝いはげます」の趣旨のもと、翌年から1月15日を成人の日として制定した。
English: After that, the Coming-of-Age Day moved to the second Monday of January from 2000 along with the revision of the National Holidays Act (commonly called Happy Monday System Act) in 1998.
Japanese: その後、1998年の祝日法改正（通称：ハッピーマンデー制度法）に伴って、2000年より成人の日は1月第2月曜日へ移動している。
English: Adults subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony are those whose birthday range from the next day of the 'Coming-of-Age Day' in the previous year to the 'Coming-of-Age Day' of the year, and receive blessing on "Coming-of-Age Day."
Japanese: 成人式の参加対象となる成人は、前年の「成人の日」の翌日からその年の「成人の日」までに誕生日を迎える人を祝う日となっている。
English: However, the school age method has taken root recently, in which people whose birthdays range from April 2 of the previous year to April 1 of the year are subject to participation in the ceremony.
Japanese: しかし、最近では前年の4月2日からその年の4月1日に成人する人を式典参加の対象にする、いわゆる学齢方式が定着するようになっている。
English: It is said that this is also because, in the case of age method, participants whose birthdays range from January 1 to April 1may hardly know other participants, or may be 19 years old on the Coming-of-Age Day of the year, but 21 years old on the next Coming-of-Age Day due to the Happy Monday system (e.g., participants whose birthdays range from January 9 to 13, 1987).
Japanese: 年齢方式の場合、誕生日の遅い早生まれの人が他の参加者が殆ど見ず知らずの人になってしまったり、ハッピーマンデー制度によりその年の成人の日は19歳で翌年の成人の日は21歳というケースがある（1987年1月9日～13日生まれの場合など）ためとも言われている。
English: In addition, Sapporo City adopted the calendar year method until 1998, in which people who became 20 years old on their birthdays during the year were subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony (e.g., in the case of Seijin-shiki ceremony held in 1998, people whose birthdays ranged from January to December 1978 could participate).
Japanese: 他に札幌市の場合、1998年まではその年に20歳の誕生日を迎える人（例：1998年の場合は1978年の1月から12月までに生まれた人が参加可能）を成人式参加の対象者とする暦年方式が用いられていた。
English: However, besides cases where new adults could hardly participate in the ceremony unless they change their participation to the previous year because they are involved in taking examinations, there were also cases of new adults in other municipalities who were not subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony in the previous year who could not participate for two consecutive years when they moved to Sapporo City during the next year to proceed with their higher education or for being transferred.
Japanese: しかし、受験で過年度生しただけで式典参加が困難になる場合が多いうえ、前年に他市町村で成人式の対象とならなかった人が翌年、進学や転勤で札幌市に転入した場合、2年続けて参加できなくなった。
English: Therefore, in response to criticism from many young people, the school age method has been used since 2000.
Japanese: そのため、若者の不評が多かったことから、2000年より学齢方式に変更されている。
English: Although until 1960s, more than half of the new adults were working youths who had already entered the business world, in and after 1970s, the proportion of students to the total number new adults has been increasing even now due to an increase in the number of people going to university (university advancement rate) and decrease in the number of people finding work after finishing junior high school or high school.
Japanese: 1960年代までは、新成人は半数以上が既に社会に出ている勤労青少年だったが、1970年代以降、大学進学者（進学率）の増加や中卒・高卒就職者の減少から、新成人全体に占める在学者の割合も年々増加しており、現在に至っている。
English: At present, the Seijin-shiki ceremony is often held on the Coming-of-Age Day or its previous day (always falling on Sunday).
Japanese: 成人式は現在では、成人の日、またはその前日（常に日曜日になる）に開かれることが多い。
English: In addition, many municipalities hold the ceremony during Golden Week (early-May holiday season in Japan), on the day of Obon festival (a Festival for the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day) of the year, or during the first seven days of the year.
Japanese: 他に、その年のゴールデンウィークやお盆、あるいは松の内に行う市町村も多い。