nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Odawara-jo Castle later became the Go-Hojo clan's main castle but Soun lived in Nirayama-jo Castle in Izu throughout his life.
Japanese: 小田原城は後に後北条氏の本城となるが、早雲は終生、伊豆国の韮山城を居城としている。
English: Soun's actions, including the capture of Odawara-jo Castle, were taken not only to defeat Chachamaru, but also to expand his own power.
Japanese: 小田原城奪取など、早雲の一連の行動は、茶々丸討伐という目的だけでなく、自らの勢力範囲を拡大しようとする意図もあったと見られていた。
English: In recent studies, it has become clear that they were part of military maneuvering between the two sides involved in the Meio Coup.
Japanese: だが近年の研究では義澄-細川政元-今川氏親-早雲のラインと、足利義稙-大内政弘-足利茶々丸-武田信虎のライン、即ち明応の政変による対立構図の中での軍事行動であることが明らかになってきている。
English: The capture of Odawara-jo Castle, too, was thought to be the result of Fujiyori selling out to the Yamauchi-Uesugi clan, who were backing Yoshitane.
Japanese: 小田原城奪取も、藤頼が義稙ラインの山内上杉氏に寝返った為のものと考えられている。
English: Finally, in 1498, Soun succeeded in capturing and killing Chachamaru in the Province of Kai.
Japanese: 最終的に、明応8年（1498年）、早雲は甲斐国で茶々丸を捕捉し、殺害することに成功した。
English: As an Imagawa clan commander, Soun continued advancing as far as the Province of Mikawa between the years 1501 and 1504.
Japanese: 今川氏の武将としての活動も続き、文亀年間（1501年-1504年）には三河国にまで進んでいる。
English: According to the "Ryuei Hikan" (Historical record of the Edo Bakufu), in October 1501, he was defeated by Nagachika MATSUDAIRA near Iwadu-jo Castle and his attempt to invade Mikawa ended in failure.
Japanese: 『柳営秘鑑』によると文亀元年（1501年）9月、岩津城下にて松平長親（徳川家康の先祖）と戦って敗北し、三河侵攻は失敗に終わっている。
English: However, according to the historical records of the Tokugawa, the incident took place on September 17, 1506.
Japanese: ただし、徳川実紀では、永正3年（1506年）8月20日のこととされている。
English: Thereafter, Soun changed his direction and headed toward Sagami, aiming for control of the South Kanto area but struggled in his campaigns because he had lost his pretext of subjugating Chachamaru, his military actions involved much hardship.
Japanese: その後、早雲は相模方面へ本格的に転進し、関東南部の制圧に乗り出したが、茶々丸討伐の名目を失ったため、この後の軍事行動には多大な困難が伴った。
English: Moreover, Akisada YAMAUCHI-UESUGI, who had lost his land of Izu and West Sagami, schemed to cut Ujichika and Soun's ties with Yoshizumi and Masamoto.
Japanese: 更に、伊豆・西相模を失った山内上杉顕定による離間策により氏親・早雲は義澄・政元と断絶されてしまう。
English: In spite of this, Soun, with support from the Imagawa clan, aligned himself with the Yoshitane-Ouchi faction, and slowly expanded his power in Sagami.
Japanese: それでも早雲は今川氏の援助を受けながら、今度は義稙-大内ラインに与し、徐々に相模に勢力を拡大していった。
English: The event that triggered his movement to the Kanto area was the Battle of Tachigawara in the Province of Musashi in September of 1504, in which Soun, on the side of Tomoyoshi UESUGI, fought with Ujichika IMAGAWA and defeated Akisada YAMAUCHI-UESUGI.
Japanese: こうした関東進出の大きな画期となったのは、永正元（1504年）8月の武蔵国立河原の戦いであり、上杉朝良に味方した早雲は、今川氏親とともに出陣して山内上杉顕定に勝利した。
English: With this, Soun became the enemy of both the Yamauchi-Uesugi and Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clans.
Japanese: これにより、早雲は山内上杉氏、扇谷上杉氏の両上杉と敵対することになる。
English: From 1509 onwards, Soun's activity as an Imagawa commander quietened down, and he concentrated on his move into Sagami.
Japanese: （1509年）以降は早雲の今川氏の武将としての活動はほとんど見られなくなり、早雲は相模進出に集中する。
English: In 1506, he carried out the first survey of Sagami, aiming to strengthen his authority.
Japanese: 永正3年（1506年）に相模国で検地を初めて実施して支配の強化を図っている。
English: In the same year, Akisada's younger brother, Fusayoshi UESUGI, who was the Shugo of Echigo, was killed by the deputy Shugo, Tamekage NAGAO (the father of Kenshin UESUGI).
Japanese: 同年、顕定の弟で越後守護上杉房能が守護代の長尾為景（上杉謙信の父）に殺される事件が起きた。
English: Tomoyoshi, who had been fighting in the Province of Ueno, returned and counterattacked, fighting against Soun in Sagami until 1510.
Japanese: 上野国に出陣していた朝良は兵を返して反撃に出て、翌永正7年（1510年）まで早雲と武蔵国、相模国で戦った。
English: Soun cut off Masamori UEDA, at Gongenyama-jo Castle, from the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan and attacked the castle but in August of the same year, the forces of the Yamauchi and Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clans captured Gongenyama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 早雲は権現山城（横浜市）の上田政盛を扇谷上杉氏から離反させ攻勢に出るが、同年7月になって山内上杉氏と扇谷上杉氏が反撃に出て、権現山城は落城。
English: Yoshiatsu (Dosan) MIURA captured Sumiyoshi fortress (Hiratsuka City) and advanced on Odawara-jo Castle.
Japanese: 三浦義同（道寸）が早雲方の住吉要害（平塚市）を攻略して小田原城まで迫る。
English: In July of the same year, Akisada, who had been in the Province of Echigo, was attacked and killed by Tamekage NAGAO.
Japanese: 一方、同年6月には越後国に出陣していた顕定は長尾為景の逆襲を受けて敗死してしまっている。
English: The Miura clan had been a powerful family in Sagami, fighting for MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and becoming extremely powerful retainers of the early Kamukura Shogunate but the direct line had been overthrown by the Hojo clan in the Battle of Hoji.
Japanese: 三浦氏は相模国の名族で源頼朝の挙兵に参じ、鎌倉幕府創立の功臣として大きな勢力を有していたが、嫡流は執権の北条氏に宝治合戦で滅ぼされている。
English: However, the indirect line maintained its power in Sagami (Sagami-Miura clan).
Japanese: しかし、傍流は相模国の豪族として続き、相模国で大きな力を持っていた（相模三浦氏）。
English: At about this time, the Miura clan belonged to the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi group, with Yoshiatsu (Dosan) MIURA based at Okazaki-jo Castle in central Sagami, and Yoshioki MIURA, the son of Yoshiatsu, based at Misaki-jo Castle (also called Arai-jo Castle in the war chronicles) in present-day Miura City.
Japanese: この頃の三浦氏は扇谷上杉氏に属し、同氏の出身で当主の三浦義同（道寸）が相模中央部の岡崎城(相模国)（現伊勢原市）を本拠とし、三浦半島の三崎城（現三浦市（軍記物などには新井城とある）を子の三浦義意が守っていた。
English: In order to control Sagami, Soun had to destroy the Miura clan.
Japanese: 早雲の相模平定のためには、どうしても三浦氏を滅ぼさねばならなかった。
English: After his defeat, Soun regrouped his forces and captured Okazaki-jo Castle in September 1512, driving Yoshiatsu MIURA to Sumiyoshi-jo Castle (Zushi City).
Japanese: 敗戦から体勢を立て直した早雲は、永正9年（1512年）8月に岡崎城を攻略し、三浦義同を住吉城（逗子市）に敗走させた。
English: Yoshiatsu led several unsuccessful attacks against Soun and was gradually pushed back until finally contained within the boundaries of the Miura Peninsula.
Japanese: 義同はしばしば兵を繰り出して早雲と戦火を交えるが、次第に圧迫され三浦半島に封じ込められてしまった。
English: In August of 1516, Tomooki OGIGAYATSU-UESUGI attacked Tamanawa-jo Castle in support of the Miura clan but Soun crushed the assault and attacked Misaki-jo Castle, where Yoshiatsu and Yoshioki were hiding.
Japanese: 永正13年（1516年）7月、扇谷上杉朝興が三浦氏救援のため玉縄城を攻めるが早雲はこれを打ち破り、義同・義意父子の篭る三崎城に攻め寄せた。
English: Thereafter, Soun supported the Oyumi Kubo, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, of the Province of Kazusa and the Takeda clan, fighting on the Boso Peninsula until 1517.
Japanese: その後、早雲は上総国の小弓公方足利義明と武田氏を支援して、房総半島に渡り、翌永正14年（1517年）まで転戦している。
English: In 1518, Soun retired, putting his son Ujitsuna at the head of the family, and he died in 1519.
Japanese: 永正15年（1518年）、家督を嫡男氏綱に譲り、翌永正16年（1519年）に死去した。
English: Soun was one of the first feudal lords who actively strengthened the rule of regional territories and ruled over Izu, although he was never officially appointed to serve as the Muromachi Shogunate's representative..
Japanese: 早雲は、領国支配の強化を積極的に進めた最初期の大名であり、かつ伊豆一国を支配しながら室町幕府から正式な伊豆の守護として任じられなかった。
English: From this perspective, he is also known as the first Sengoku daimyo (as opposed to a Shugo daimyo).
Japanese: その点から、最初の戦国大名とも呼ばれている（当然、守護大名ではない）。
English: Soun established a family code known as the "Sounjidono Nijuichikaijo," which became the foundation for regional law.
Japanese: 『早雲寺殿廿一箇条』（そううんじどのにじゅういちかじょう）という家法を定め、これは分国法の祖形となった。
English: In 1506, Soun ordered an inspection of the land around Odawara in order to determine its size and to decide land taxes paid by peasants, considered to be the first such inspection performed by a Sengoku daimyo.
Japanese: 永正3年（1506年）に小田原周辺で指出検地（在地領主に土地面積・年貢量を申告させる検地）を実施しているが、これは、戦国大名による検地として最古の事例とされている。
English: Ujitsuna, who inherited Soun's land, used the name Hojo (Gohojo) and expanded his rule to the Province of Musashi.
Japanese: 早雲の後を継いだ氏綱は北条氏（後北条氏）を称して武蔵国へ領国を拡大。
English: Thereafter, under the leadership of Ujiyasu HOJO, Ujimasa HOJO and Ujinao HOJO, the Hojo clan increased its power, dominating the Kanto area for five generations.
Japanese: 以後、北条氏康、北条氏政、北条氏直と勢力を伸ばし、五代に渡って関東に覇を唱えることになる。
English: Historical novels often include the story of Soun HOJO as a masterless samurai in his later life, who went to Suruga seeking help from his younger sister, the governor's mistress, and rose to become the ruler of the Kanto area.
Japanese: 既に老いの境に入った一介の伊勢国の浪人(武士)が、妹が守護の愛妾となっていたのを頼りに駿河へ下って身を興し、後に関東を切り取る一代の梟雄北条早雲となる、というストーリーが従来小説などでよく描かれていた。
English: Apparently, until the beginning of the Edo Period, the Gohojo clan was thought to have originated from the Ise clan but from the mid-Edo Period, influenced by the "Taikoki," a biography of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the view of Soun as a lowly samurai in the Warring States Period, who came to power through his achievements in the so called 'Gekokujo Period' caught the public's imagination, becoming well-established in the Meiji Period and prevailing until the end of WWII.
Japanese: 江戸時代前期までは後北条氏は名門伊勢氏の出と考えられていた様子だが、江戸時代中期以降、『太閤記』の影響で戦国時代を身分の低い者が実力で身を興す「下克上の時代」ととらえる史観が民衆の願望もあいまって形成され,明治時代になって定着し、戦後まで続いた。
English: With stories told about lowly samurai, such as Soun HOJO, Dosan SAITO and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, climbing up the social ladder, it became common opinion that Soun was a low-born ronin.
Japanese: その下克上の代表として北条早雲、斎藤道三、豊臣秀吉が語られ、早雲は身分の低い素浪人とすることが通説となった。
English: Soun's place of birth remained unknown for a long time and some of the most accepted theories were that he came from Ariwara in Yamato Province, Uji in Yamashiro Province, Ise, Kyoto or Bitchu.
Japanese: 早雲の出自については長年明らかにならず、主なものに、大和国在原説、山城国宇治説、伊勢説、京都説、備中説があった。
English: Ariwara in Yamato Province and Uji in Yamashiro Province were two candidates introduced as divergent views in the "Hojo Godaiki" (History of 5 generations of the Hojo clan) but did not become prevailing theories.
Japanese: 大和在原説と山城宇治説は『北条五代記』に異説として紹介されたもので有力視はされなかった。
English: The Ise theory, based on a letter Soun sent to Sadamoto OGASAWARA, Governor of Shinano Province, stating 'I belong to the same family as the Seki Clan of Ise,' that appears in the "Hojoki" and the "Soshu Heiranki," was advocated in 1901 by the scholar, Tsugihei FUJII, and supported by the historian, Yoshinari TANAKA.
Japanese: 伊勢説は『北条記』『相州兵乱記』に書かれており、早雲が信濃国守護小笠原定基に宛てた書状で「伊勢の関氏と同族である」と書いていたことを根拠に1901年に藤井継平が主張し、田中義成がこれを支持した。
English: On the other hand, another historian, Yosuke WATANABE, asserted that Soun originated from the Kyoto-Ise clan, was a steward for the Bakufu government as stated in the "Kansei Choshushokafu," and that Soun was either the same person as Sadafuji ISE, Sadachika ISE's younger brother, or his son.
Japanese: これに対して渡辺世祐は『寛政重修諸家譜』などにある幕府政所執事の京都伊勢氏の出身で、伊勢貞親の弟伊勢貞藤またはその子供であろうとする京都説を主張した。
English: Generally, Soun is mostly known as the 'masterless samurai from Ise.'
Japanese: 一般には伊勢説が定着して上記のような「伊勢素浪人」という早雲像ができあがる。
English: The Bitchu theory comes from the "Imagawa-ki "and "Taikoki," when Shun FUJII, who had researched the old documents at Hosen-ji Temple in Ihara City, published a paper in 1956 stating that Soun had been the Shinkuro Moritoki ISE who was an attendant to Shogun Yoshinao ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 備中説は『今川記』および『太閤記』に書かれており、井原市法泉寺の古文書を調査した藤井駿が1956年に早雲を備中伊勢氏で将軍足利義尚の側近であった「伊勢新九郎盛時」とする論文を発表した。
English: Some time around 1980, Takahiro OKUNO, Akira IMATANI and Tetsuo OWADA, after examining historical archives, published a paper stating that Shinkuro Moritoki ISE later became Soun HOJO.
Japanese: 1980年前後に奥野高広、今谷明、小和田哲男が史料調査の結果として「伊勢新九郎盛時」を後の北条早雲とする論文を発表した。
English: No counterargument was proposed, and because this was also supported by a study published by Junji IENAGA, it has become the accepted theory.
Japanese: その後、有効な反論も出ず、家永遵嗣などの研究の進展もあって、ほぼ定説化した。
English: In the version of the "Imagawa-ki" produced in the early Edo period, it is called the 'Honkegaeri,' literally 'returning to the main family.'
Japanese: 江戸時代前期成立の『今川記』に戻った訳で「本卦返り」と呼ばれている。
English: With this, Soun is now considered not a masterless samurai but one from a distinguished family that served directly under the Shogun.
Japanese: 早雲は氏素性のない素浪人ではなく、将軍に直接仕える名門の出であったことになる。
English: It has been believed from the Edo Period that Soun was born in 1432 and died at the age of 88.
Japanese: 早雲の年齢については江戸時代以来、享年88（永享4年（1432年）生）とされていた。
English: According to the above date, he would have been 56 years old when he went to Suruga and became lord of Kokokuji-jo Castle and had his oldest son Ujitsuna, and 62 years old when he led his troops into battle at Izu.
Japanese: これだと、駿河に下向して興国寺城主となり、長男氏綱が生まれた時点で数え年で56歳、伊豆討ち入りの時点で62歳となる。
English: Kitagawa-dono, listed as Soun's older sister in documents from the early Edo Period, married Yoshitada IMAGAWA in 1467, when Soun would have been 36 years old, which would make her marriage too late in her life.
Japanese: 江戸時代前期の史料で姉とされる北川殿が今川義忠と結婚した応仁元年（1467年）で早雲は36歳になっており、姉だと当時の女性としては晩婚に過ぎる。
English: Soun is often depicted by novelists and critics as 'a person who bloomed late in life.'
Japanese: 早雲は小説家や評論家から「大器晩成」の典型としてよく取り上げられた。
English: However, the appearance of Soun in history near the age of 50, coming into full bloom after 60 and still leading a battle after 80 would be quite odd, which brings this theory into question..
Japanese: しかしながら、早雲が歴史上に登場するのが50歳近く、本格的に活動するのが60歳を過ぎてから、最晩年の80歳をすぎても自ら兵を率いて戦っており、いかに矍鑠としていても少々異様であり、疑問に感じる者もいた。
English: Recently, Motoki KURODA has pointed out that the idea that Soun was 88 years old at the time of his death comes from a family tree created in the mid-Edo Period, and that such data does not exist in documents from the early Edo Period.
Japanese: 近年になって黒田基樹は享年88は江戸時代中期以降の系図類から出たものであり江戸時代前期の史料には存在しないことを明らかにした。
English: If he had been born in 1432, the theories about the active period of Morisada, father of the shogunate retainer Moritoki ISE, or about his being the nephew of Sadachika ISE (Moritoki's mother's brother) would not stand.
Japanese: 永享4年（1432年）生れだと近年有力視された幕臣伊勢盛時の父盛定の活動時期とも伊勢貞親（盛時の母の兄弟）の甥という系譜関係も成り立たなくなる。
English: The discrepancy resulted from confusion over the date of birth of Sadafuji ISE, who was once thought to be Soun, and from war chronicles written at the beginning of Edo Period, in which Soun was described as having been born in the year of Rat.
Japanese: これは長年、早雲と思われた伊勢貞藤の生年と混同されてしまった結果であるとし、江戸時代前期成立の軍記物で「子の年」生まれと記載されている。
English: Considering the date of his sister Kitagawa-dono's marriage, he must have been 24 years younger (born 1456) than the conventional theory holds.
Japanese: 姉の北川殿の結婚時期と考え合わせて、24歳若い康正2年（1456年）生まれであろうとした。
English: With this age, Soun would have been 11 when Kitagawa-dono got married, 32 when he went to Suruga and 64 at the time of his death, common for the man of that time.
Japanese: これだと、姉の北川殿の結婚の時期に11歳頃、駿河下向時点で32歳、享年は64歳となり、当時の人間の活動としては妥当な年齢であることから、有力視されるようになった。
English: However, this theory is still being examined, and there are researchers who still insist that Soun died at the age of 88.
Japanese: しかしながら、この説については未だ検討中の段階で、これを採らず享年88説を採る研究者もいる。
English: Recent novels, reviews and postings on the Internet still maintain that Soun was a man who 'bloomed late in life' and died at the age of 88, and neither of the above theories have been established among the general public.
Japanese: 最近の小説や評論の類それにインターネットのホームページも早雲を「大器晩成」の典型として享年88説を採っているものが多く、必ずしも一般に定着した訳ではない。
English: (As a reference, the average life expectancy in that period was lower than today, not because the people then died at an earlier age but because of the high infant mortality rate; the average life of an adult male was not significantly shorter than that of today.
Japanese: (ちなみに、近世以前の平均寿命の短さは乳幼児死亡率の高さが主な原因であり、成人男子の平均余命だけを考えれば現代人より著しく短い訳ではない。
English: There are many famous people who lived into their 80s, such as the war lord Nobutora TAKEDA, who lived to 81.)
Japanese: 他の戦国大名では武田信虎(享年81歳)など80代まで生きた著名な人物は多い。)
English: Some writers have long argued that only a fully mature man who had been born low and had lived a hard life would be able to win the success that Soun did.
Japanese: 作家などは身分が低く人生の辛酸を舐め、十分に老成した人間でなければ早雲のような活躍はできまいと長年論じてきた。
English: The image of Soun seen in recent studies is completely different; a young man from a noted family who served the Shogun received an order from the Bakufu to go to Suruga, ruled over Kanto in collaboration with the central government and later became a member of the Gohojo clan.
Japanese: 近年の研究を反映した早雲像は全く別であり、将軍に直接仕える名門一族の青年が幕府の命を帯びて駿河に下り、中央の政治と連動しながら関東で活躍して、後北条氏の祖となったことになる。
English: Ryotaro SHIBA's novel, "Hakone-no-saka" (The Slopes of Hakone) (1984), reflects the studies of time and Soun is presented not as a simple ronin of Ise, but as a samurai of the Bitchu-Ise clan, serving Yoshimi AHIKAGA while residing in the residence of Sadachika ISE, a steward of the Shogun.
Japanese: 司馬遼太郎の『箱根の坂』（1984年）では、その時期の研究を反映して単純な伊勢素浪人とせず、備中伊勢氏とし、政所執事伊勢貞親の屋敷に寄宿しながら京で足利義視に仕える設定である。
English: At the same time, to maintain the image held by the general public of Soun being a lowly samurai, Shiba presented him as the descendent of the Ise clan and a saddle maker.
Japanese: しかしながら、大衆小説として「身分の低い素浪人」のイメージを守り、早雲を伊勢氏の末流とし、鞍作りを業にする職人的人物として描かれている。
English: He kept the conventional version of the theory with Soun as 'a later bloomer' who died at the age of 88.
Japanese: 年齢については当時の通説の享年88説で「大器晩成」として描かれている。
English: Mikio NAMBARA's "Bosho Soun Hojo" (2002) reflects the recent theory that he was born in 1456, with Kitagawa-dono depicted as his older sister.
Japanese: 南原幹雄の『謀将北条早雲』（2002年）では、近年の研究を反映して康正2年生まれ説を採り、北川殿は姉となっている。
English: In the documentary, "Movement of History: The Man that started the Warring States Period - Soun HOJO, Challenge from the age of 56" (NHK, Guest: Tetsuo OWADA, Professor of Shizuoka University), broadcast in 2005, Soun is described as 'a late bloomer' who became a high ranking officer in the Bakufu government and who died at the age of 88 (a generally accepted theory that was adopted after reviewing various theories).
Japanese: 2005年放送の「その時歴史が動いた：戦国をひらいた男～北条早雲　56才からの挑戦～」（日本放送協会、ゲスト：小和田哲男静岡大学教授）では、早雲を幕府の高級官僚としているが、年齢については享年88説を採り「大器晩成」として描いている（諸説を検討の結果一般的な説を採用したとのこと）。
English: Most novels and books for the general public published during and after the 1980s describe Soun as 'a man who bloomed late and lived a long life' and as 'a masterless samurai who had built himself up from nothing,' with Chogoro KAIONJI's historical legend being typical.
Japanese: 1980年代以前の小説や一般向け書籍では、早雲を「非常に長命な大器晩成」「徒手空拳の素浪人」として書かれているものが多く、海音寺潮五郎の早雲の史伝などは典型である。
English: Today, this image still prevails, and many writers use Soun as an example to encourage people to take on new challenges late in life.
Japanese: 現在でもそのイメージで高齢者の再チャレンジの見本のように早雲を語る作家が少なくない。
English: Shuten Doji was the chief of the oni (a kind of demon or ogre), who were believed to live on Oi no Saka (Oi Hill Road) in Oe at the border between Kyoto and Tanba Province (he may also have been a robber).
Japanese: 酒呑童子（しゅてんどうじ）は、京都市と丹波国の国境の大枝（老の坂）に住んでいたとされる鬼の頭領（盗賊であったとも）である。
English: According to "Otogi Zoshi" (a collection of fairy tales compiled in the Muromachi Period), Shuten Doji was over 6 meters tall and had a slightly red face, short and disheveled red hair, 5 horns, and 15 eyes.
Japanese: 室町時代の物語を集めた『御伽草子』などによると、酒呑童子の姿は、顔は薄赤く、髪は短くて乱れた赤毛、背丈が6m以上で角が5本、目が15個もあったといわれる。
English: Shuten Doji's domain extended throughout the Oe-yama mountain range, where he lived in a great mansion that looked like the Palace of the Dragon King with many oni as his minions.
Japanese: 彼が本拠とした大枝山では龍宮のような御殿に棲み、数多くの鬼達を部下にしていたという。
English: One version says Shuten Doji was born in Nakamura, in the county of Kanbara, Echigo Province, while in another version he was born at the foot of Mt. Ibuki, Omi Province, the child of the daughter of a powerful local ruler and Yamata-no-Orochi, a legendary giant snake with eight heads who appears in Nihon Shoki, or Chronicles of Japan, and who fled to Omi from Izumo Province after being beaten by Susano, the Shinto god of the sea and storms.
Japanese: 酒呑童子は、一説では越後国の蒲原郡中村で誕生したと伝えられているが、伊吹山の麓で、日本書紀などで有名な伝説の大蛇、八岐大蛇が、スサノオとの戦いに敗れ、出雲国から近江へと逃げ、そこで富豪の娘との間で子を作ったといわれ、その子供が酒呑童子という説もある。
English: Another version says a child who attacked and ate people at night at Byakugo-ji Temple in Nara Prefecture grew up to become Shuten Doji.
Japanese: 他にも、奈良県の白毫寺で夜な夜な人を襲って食べていた稚児が後の酒呑童子だとする説もある。
English: According to this version of legend, Shuten Doji was born in the Province of Echigo in the early Heian Period, a contemporary of the famous Japanese Buddhist leaders Denkyo Hoshi (Saicho) and Kobo Daishi (Kukai), and became a page of Kokujo-ji Temple (Tsubame City, Niigata Prefecture) (there is a path called 'Chigo Do,' or literally Page's Path, at the foot of Mt. Kugami, which is believed to have been used by Shuten Doji).
Japanese: 伝教法師（最澄）や弘法大師（空海）が活躍した平安初期（8世紀）に越後国で生まれた彼は、国上寺（新潟県燕市）の稚児となった（国上山麓には彼が通ったと伝えられる「稚児道」が残る）。
English: By the age of 12 or 13 his beauty was beyond comparison, causing many women to fall in love with him but he rejected all of them and they all died of lovesickness.
Japanese: 12,3歳でありながら、絶世の美少年であったため、多くの女性に恋されたが全て断り、彼に言い寄った女性は恋煩いで皆死んでしまった。
English: He burned the love letters sent from those women, and when the letter of a woman bitter at not being able to convey her feelings was burnt, the smoke covered him and changed him into an oni.
Japanese: そこで女性たちから貰った恋文を焼いてしまったところ、想いを告げられなかった女性の恨みによって、恋文を燃やしたときに出た煙にまかれ、鬼になったという。
English: As an oni, Shuten Doji roamed about the mountains in Honshu, the main island of Japan, and finally settled on Mt. Oe according to this legend.
Japanese: そして鬼となった彼は、本州を中心に各地の山々を転々とした後に、大江山に棲みついたという。
English: In another legend, he was born as a son of a blacksmith in Echigo Province, spent 16 months in his mother's womb, started walking and speaking like a five or six year old boy immediately after delivery, was as strong and intelligent as a 16 year old by the age of four and was detested by all the villagers, who nicknamed him 'onikko,' or 'oni-like child,' because of his abnormal wit and rough nature.
Japanese: 一説では越後国の鍛冶屋の息子として産まれ、母の胎内で16ヶ月を過ごしており、産まれてすぐに歩くことができて5～6歳程度の言葉を話し、4歳の頃には16歳程度の知能と体力を身につけ、気性の荒さもさることながら、その異常な才覚により周囲から「鬼っ子」と疎まれていたという。
English: According to the "Zen Taiheiki," a historical epic story mainly depicting samurai heroes in the Heian Period, he was abandoned by his mother at the age of six, wandered around various places and chose the life of oni.
Japanese: 『前太平記』によればその後、6歳にして母親に捨てられ、各地を流浪して鬼への道を歩んでいったという。
English: Born to a human mother and Yamata-no-Orochi, Shuten Doji underwent training as a Buddhist temple page at Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 大蛇の八岐大蛇と人間の娘との間で生まれた彼は、若くして比叡山に稚児として入って修行することとなった。
English: But he was detested by his fellow pages as he drank, and drank heavily, an act prohibited by the Buddhist rule.
Japanese: しかし仏法で禁じられている飲酒をし、しかも大酒呑みであったために皆から嫌われていた。
English: One day he wore a ritual oni mask for a Buddhist fete, found the mask could not be removed after the fete, no matter how hard he tried and he then had to hide deep in the mountains and lead the life of an oni.
Japanese: ある日、祭礼の時に被った仮装用の鬼の面が、祭礼が終了して彼が取り外そうとしたが、顔に吸い付いて取ることができず、やむなく山奥に入って鬼としての生活を始めるようになった。
English: According to this version of legend, he then met Ibaraki Doji and they decided to go up to Kyoto together.
Japanese: そして茨木童子と出会い、彼と共に京都を目指すようになったといわれている。
English: The "Oni" were a group of outlaws who rampaged through Kyoto from the Heian to the Kamakura Period and were believed to be based at Oe-cho (the Rakusai district in Kyoto City), an area covering today's Nishikyo Ward and Ukyo Ward of Kyoto City and neighboring Oji, Shino-cho, Kameoka City, a hilly area that was once called Mt. Oe.
Japanese: 平安時代から鎌倉時代に掛けて都を荒らした不法ものとしての“鬼”は、現在の京都市西京区、右京区にまたがる大枝町（おおえちょう）（京都市洛西地区）及び隣接する亀岡市篠町王子（大江山という小字がある）に本拠があったとされ、大枝山（大江山）と呼んだ。
English: This area is traditionally considered to be the border between Kyoto and the outside world, and the place is generally considered to be the Mt. Oe where Shuten Doji is believed to have lived.
Japanese: ここは古くから京都と外界の境界線であると考えられており、通常は酒呑童子が住んだ大江山をこちらに当てる。
English: Ibaraki Doji is another legendary figure who raised havoc in Kyoto together with Shuten Doji, and there are various versions of stories that describe his relationship with Shuten Doji.
Japanese: 酒呑童子とともに京都を荒らした大鬼、茨木童子だが、実は彼らの関係も様々な諸説がある。
English: He is described as a "female oni, not a male one" in one version and as Shuten Doji's son or girlfriend in others.
Japanese: その諸説の中に、実は茨木童子は“男の鬼ではなく、女の鬼だった”という説があり、または酒呑童子の息子、はては彼の恋人だったという説も伝わっている。
English: Whoever he was, according to legend he came to know Shuten Doji and agreed to go to Kyoto together.
Japanese: そして、しばらくしてから酒呑童子と茨木童子は互いの存在を知り、共に都を目指すようになったといわれている。