nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Sadaoku OE (year of birth unknown - 1334) was believed to be a distant descendant of OE no Hiromoto, who was an Inaba no kami (Governor of Inaba Province).
Japanese: 大江貞奥（生年不詳-建武(日本)元年（1334年））は、伝承によると因幡守大江広元の末孫。
English: When Emperor Godaigo was deported to Oki Province in 1332, 16 accompanying kugyo (court nobles) were deported to various districts from Izumo-Taisha Shrine.
Japanese: 1332年、後醍醐天皇が隠岐国に流されたとき、供奉の公卿16人が出雲大社より諸国へ配流された。
English: The Mino Meisaiki (a document concerning the topography of Mino) says "大野郡岐礼村白倉神社山本中納言藤原貞奥霊神後醍醐天皇奉移隠岐国時岐礼配流建武元年薨山本判官貞元称桜待中納言子孫美濃有称山本云々."
Japanese: 美濃明細記に「大野郡岐礼村白倉神社山本中納言藤原貞奥霊神後醍醐天皇奉移隠岐国時岐礼配流建武元年薨山本判官貞元称桜待中納言子孫美濃有称山本云々」とある。
English: Later, Emperor Godaigo escaped from Oki no Shima Island, and called the 16 exiled kugyo back into service; Sadamoto, Sadaoku's heir who was a hangan (judge), joined in place of his father.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇は隠岐島より脱出後、流人16人を召し返され嫡男判官貞元が参勤した。
English: Under orders from Sadatoki YATSUSHIROEMON and Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Sadamoto showed valor in many battlefields.
Japanese: 八代元右衛門貞時、足利義満の命を受け数度の合戦にて功を立て、革手合戦の恩賞により岐礼庄六百貫を賜った。
English: Kansuke YAMAMOTO, a strategist who served Shingen TAKEDA, was the younger brother of Sadamasa YAMAMOTOKAZUMA, the 11th generation descendant of Sadaoku and was an attendant of Mino no kami (Governor of Mino Province),Yorinari TOKI.
Japanese: 武田信玄の軍師山本勘助は、貞奥より11代末孫で美濃守土岐頼芸の近習であった山本数馬貞正の弟。
English: He is also said to be the son of Sadamitsu YAMAMOTOKOJIRO, who was temporarily adopted by Kawachinokami FUWA, the lord of Kawaushi-jo Castle.
Japanese: 一時川牛の城主不破河内守の養子となった山本小次郎貞光の子であるとの伝承がある。
English: Akiyoshi YAMAJI (1841 - June 5, 1888) was an astronomer in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 山路彰善（やまじあきよし、天保12年（1841年）－明治21年（1888年）6月5日）は、幕末の天文学者。
English: He worked as an apprentice at Tenmonkata under his father and was good at English and Mathematics; and his father, following the suggestion of Akiyoshi's grandaunt Fukiko OKUTOME (a biological daughter of his great-grandfather, Yoshitsugu YAMAJI), ordered him to marry Fukiko's daughter Keiko (real mother of Aizan).
Japanese: 父の元で天文方見習を務めており英語や数学に優れていたが、大叔母である奥留ふき子（曽祖父山路徳風の実娘）の意向を受けた父の命によってふき子の娘・けい子（愛山の生母）を娶わせられた。
English: This worsened the relationship with his father, and this situation did not improve even after Keiko's death due to illness (August 4, 1867).
Japanese: そのことから、父と不仲となり、けい子が慶応3年7月5日(旧暦)（1867年8月4日）に病没した後も解消されたなかったという
English: Akiyoshi came back home briefly, but after a short time he left Edo together with the former navy of bakufu led by Takeaki ENOMOTO; after that, he moved from place to place to fight at various places together with the former Army of bakufu.
Japanese: 一旦は自宅に戻ったものの、榎本武揚の旧幕府海軍とともに江戸を脱出し、以後旧幕府軍とともに各地を転戦した。
English: He was pardoned in 1872 and was taken by his father to Shizuoka City, where his son was waiting for him.
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）に赦免されて、父に引き取られて息子が待つ静岡市に赴いた。
English: However, while working in despair at Yokouchi Kankosho, a vocational aid center for former retainers of the shogun, he educated his son Aizan through teaching practice of calligraphy and English, but simultaneously Ichiro began to give himself over to drinking.
Japanese: だが、失意のうちに旧幕臣の授産施設である横内勧工所に務めながら息子の愛山に手習いや英語を教えてその教育に務めつつも酒に浸るようになっていった。
English: It is said that Ichiro had lost the family property due to his debauchery so that Aizan had to quit the senior elementary school in his third year and study by himself while actually working.
Japanese: 愛山が小学上等3年で就学を断念して就労独学に至った背景には一郎の放蕩による家産の喪失という事情があったとされている。
English: It is said that in his later years, Ichiro became to believe in Christianity influenced by Aizan, quit drinking alcohol, and eventually died as a 'typical fatherly Tokugawa samurai' (from remembrance of Aizan).
Japanese: 晩年は愛山の影響を受けてキリスト教を信じるようになると、酒を断って「徳川武士の典型的老士」（愛山の回想より）として没したという。
English: Tokitsune HIRAMATSU (June 20, 1599 - August 24, 1654) was a Kuge (court noble) who lived during the early Edo Period.
Japanese: 平松時庸（ひらまつときつね、慶長4年4月28日(旧暦)（1599年6月20日）-承応3年7月12日(旧暦)（1654年8月24日））は江戸時代初期の公家。
English: Some point out that the Nejime clan was influenced by the Hiramatsu family, and changed their original main name Takebe to 'Komatsu' claiming to be the descendants of the Taira clan.
Japanese: 元々建部氏を本姓としていた禰寝氏が、後に「小松氏」に改姓し平氏子孫を自称するようになったのは、平松家の示唆・影響による物という指摘がある。
English: The Hiramatsu family was regarded as the lineage of the Konoe family, so the two families were also close.
Japanese: また、平松家は近衛家の門葉とされたため、近衛家とのつながりも深かった。
English: Accordingly, he later secretly adopted Hiroko KONOE, a daughter of Motohiro KONOE, by Motohiro's request.
Japanese: 後に近衛基熙の要請によりその娘・近衛熙子を密かに養女としたのもこの縁による物である。
English: Naosuke NAKAHARA (May 8, 1832 - September 22, 1868) was a rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language), scientist and soldier from Satsuma Province (modern day Kagoshima Prefecture).
Japanese: 中原猶介（なかはらなおすけ、天保3年4月8日(旧暦)（1832年5月8日）-慶応4年8月7日(旧暦)（1868年9月22日））は、薩摩国（鹿児島県）出身の蘭学者・科学者・軍人。
English: Although some literature gave the pronunciation of '猶介' as 'Yusuke,' it is considered that 'Naosuke' is correct because the name was also written as '尚介' (pronounced as Naosuke) in some other literature.
Japanese: 文献によっては「猶介」に「ゆうすけ」とルビを振っているものもあるが、他に「尚介」の表記も散見されるため、「なおすけ」の読みが正しいとみられる。
English: He was born in present-day Uenosono-cho (a part of the town, in fact, which used to belong to Uearata area before the reorganization of lot numbers), Kagoshima City on Apr 8, 1832.
Japanese: 天保3年（1832年）4月8日、現在の鹿児島市上之園町（の一部、地番整理前は上荒田に属した）生まれ。
English: He had an opportunity to go to Nagasaki under clan orders at the age of 18 and learned Western studies from Dutch teachers.
Japanese: 18歳にして藩命により長崎へ出向く機会を得、オランダ人から蘭学を習得した。
English: At the age of 22, his talent attracted the attention of Nariakira SHIMAZU (the lord of Satsuma clan), so that he was involved in Shuseikan (Western-style industrial complex) project, reinforcement of the Navy of Satsuma clan, the construction of warships and a reverberatory furnace to lay the foundations of modern navy.
Japanese: 22歳で島津斉彬に見出され、尚古集成館事業や薩摩藩水軍増兵、軍艦建造、反射炉建設の職にあたり、近代海軍の礎を築いた。
English: He also rendered distinguished services in modern technology of Kagoshima prefecture and Japan by developing Japan's first torpedo as a provision for Anglo-Satsuma War, producing red Satsuma kiriko (cut-glass work) successfully by studying the coloring of Satsuma kiriko on the order of Nariakira and so on.
Japanese: また、薩英戦争に備えて日本初の機械水雷を開発したり、斉彬の命により薩摩切子の着色を研究し、紅色薩摩切子の製作に成功するなど、鹿児島県や日本の近代技術の面で大きな功績を残した。
English: After Nariakira's death, he went to Edo to study under Tarozaemon EGAWA and Sokken YASUI and later assumed the position of the head teacher of a private school to bring up the next generation.
Japanese: 斉彬の死後は江戸に留学、江川英龍や安井息軒の門下で学問を取得し、のち塾頭に就任、後進育成に当たった。
English: With a steam warship of Satsuma clan putting in at Shinagawa by chance, Naosuke, when studying under Sokken, guided Sokken around the inside of the ship.
Japanese: 息軒門下の頃、偶然に薩摩藩の蒸気軍艦が品川へ入港、息軒は猶介の案内にて艦内を一巡した。
English: Although Naosuke had never told his teacher Sokken that he himself had a part in the construction of the warship, Sokken learned of this fact later and slapped his knee in admiration for Naosuke's personality.
Japanese: 猶介は、その軍艦は自分が建造に携わったことを、師である息軒に一言も語らなかったのであるが、息軒は後日その事実を知り、太息して猶介の人となりに膝を打ったという。
English: He was recuperating in Nagasaki during Anglo-Satsuma War, but was appointed Gunbuyaku (army commander) and the commander of cannon troops in Kinmon Incident, and also used his influence to help Choshu clan purchase armaments in Nagasaki during the Second Choshu Conquest in 1866.
Japanese: 薩英戦争では長崎にて病気療養中だったが、禁門の変においては軍賦役・大砲隊長に任ぜられ、慶応2年（1866年）の長州征討の際は、長崎にて長州藩の軍備品購入の斡旋をした。
English: When the envoy from England visited Satsuma clan in 1867, he took charge of reception and directed a live-ammunition exercise to show him.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）、イギリス公使の薩摩藩訪問時には接待役を努め、実弾演習を指揮し披露した。
English: During the Battle of Toba-Fushimi in 1868, he was appointed a staff officer of the navy on the side of the new government in March, but returned briefly to his hometown because of illness.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）の鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、3月に新政府側の海軍参謀に任命されたが病のため一時帰郷。
English: However, while confronting Tsugunosuke KAWAI, he was shot in the right leg which brought his life of 37 years to a close in Kashiwazaki Hospital.
Japanese: しかし河井継之助と対陣するうち、敵弾を右足に受け、それが因となって柏崎病院で37年の生涯を閉じた。
English: When his end was approaching, in spite of his absorption and belief in Western studies and sciences, he realized it was fate and refused all the medical treatments and medications.
Japanese: 最期を迎えるに際しては、蘭学や科学に熱中し信仰していたにもかかわらず、天命と知るや、一切の医学的治療や投薬を退けたという。
English: It was built by a group of supporters in Kagoshima City in 1916 and the inscription was written by Baron Nagamaru SHIMAZU.
Japanese: 大正5年（1916年）、鹿児島市内有志によって建立され、碑文は島津長丸男爵によるものである。
English: Although the monument had originally been near the main gate of existing Konan High School, but was relocated in 1930 when the schoolhouse was rebuilt with ferroconcrete in the time of The Second Kagoshima Junior High School, the predecessor of Konan High School.
Japanese: 当初は現在の甲南高正門付近にあったが、1930年の甲南高の前身・鹿児島二中時代、校舎鉄筋改築の際に移築したもの。
English: Some literature says it was 'Even if this present body was buried in snow in Koshiji region, I would leave a name behind me by washing it down the flow of clear water.'
Japanese: 「たとひ身は　越路の雪に　埋むとも　清き流れに　名をや流さん」とする文献もある。
English: Tomoari MINAMOTO (1792 to 1859) was a scholar of herbalism and natural history, and a han-i (an Edo-period doctor working at a public clinic) of the Kishu Domain in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 源伴存（みなもとともあり、寛政4年〈1792年〉-安政6年〈1859年〉）は、江戸時代後期紀州藩の本草学者・博物学者・藩医。
English: Also he called himself Tomoari KURODA, Suizan KURODA, Jubei KURODA, etc.
Japanese: 畔田伴存（くろだともあり）、畔田翠山（くろだすいざん）、畔田十兵衛などとも。
English: Tomoari MINAMOTO was born a son of Jubei, a lower ranked feudal retainer in present Wakayama City in 1792.
Japanese: 源伴存は寛政4年（1792年）、現在の和歌山市に下級藩士の父十兵衛の子として生まれた。
English: He excelled academically from an early age and learned Japanese classical literature and Kagaku (Uta Poem Study) from Ohira MOTOORI, and herbalism from Todo OHARA who was a scholar of herbalism in the Domain and a high-caliber disciple of Ranzan ONO.
Japanese: 若いときから学問に長じ、本居大平に国学と歌学、藩の本草家で小野蘭山の高弟であった小原桃洞に本草学を学んだ。
English: Like his father, his social status was the karoku (hereditary stipend) of 20 koku, but his scholarship was recognized by Harutomi TOKUGAWA, the lord of the domain at that time, and he assumed the position of a han-i and the manager of the Domain's herb farm situated beside the Kino-kawa River.
Japanese: 父と同様、家禄20石の身分であったが、時の藩主・徳川治寶に学識を認められ、藩医や、紀の川河畔にあった藩の薬草園管理の任をつとめた。
English: Being a manager of the herb farm, he got spare time for studying, but with small salary of 20 koku, he could not easily buy books, nor go on a trip for study.
Japanese: 薬草園管理の任にあることで、研究のための余暇を得たとはいえ、20石のわずかな禄では、書物の購入も研究のために旅に出ることも意のままにはならない。
English: Under such a circumstance of Tomoari, it was Chobei SAIKAYA, a merchant from Wakayama (Wakayama Prefecture) who extended financial assistance to him.
Japanese: こうした伴存の境遇を経済面で支援したのが、和歌山の商人の雑賀屋長兵衛であった。
English: Chobei is known as a kajin (waka poet) who was called Choho YASUDA, and was a benefactor who often served as a patron (a supporter) of scholars.
Japanese: 長兵衛は、歌人としては安田長穂として知られる人物で、学者のパトロンをたびたびつとめた篤志家であった。
English: Also, Tomoari himself was just a local scholar, but he had some cultural exchanges with Chinsaburo YAMAMOTO who was famed as one of herbalism scholars in Kyoto after the death of Ranzan.
Japanese: また、伴存自身は地方の一学者でしかなかったが、蘭山没後の京都における本草家のひとりとして名声のあった山本沈三郎との交流があった。
English: Chinsaburo was a son of Boyo YAMAMOTO who was a noted scholar of herbalism, and there was a huge collection of books on herbalism in YAMAMOTO's house.
Japanese: 沈三郎は、京都の本草名家である山本亡羊の子で、山本家には本草学の膨大な蔵書があった。
English: Chinsaburo was impressed with "Shitoen Kosho (Ko-shu)," authored by Tomoari, the only book that was published while he was alive and the two had some cultural exchanges with each other since then.
Japanese: 沈三郎は、弘化2年（1845年）に伴存の存命中に唯一刊行された著書『紫藤園攷証』甲集にふれて感銘を受け、それ以来、伴存との交流があった。
English: Being blessed with such an understanding feudal lord, being supported by such a good patron, and exchanging with insightful predecessors greatly influenced the perfection of Tomoari's learning.
Japanese: このように、理解ある藩主に恵まれたことや良きパトロンを得られたこと、さらに識見ある先達との交流を得られたことは、伴存の学問の大成に大きく影響した。
English: Tomoari authored so many writings as more than 25 books, about 290 volumes by fully taking advantage of his own field works and of extensively reading old and contemporary literature, but the essence of his accomplishments is natural history rather than herbalism.
Japanese: 伴存は、自らのフィールドワークと古今の文献渉猟を駆使して、25部以上・約290巻にも及ぶ多数の著作を著したが、その業績の本質は本草学と言うよりも博物学である。
English: In 1822 he went to Mt. Haku in Kaga Province, travelled around Hokuetsu and climbed Mt. Tateyama to do collection and investigation.
Japanese: 文政5年（1822年）に加賀国白山に赴き、その足で北越をめぐり、立山にも登って採集・調査を行った。
English: According to Tojiro YAMAGUCHI's critical biography, it is stated that he extended his travel 'from Koshin in the East to Bocho in the west', but its evidence has not been confirmed and the places where Tomoari visited for sure are Hokuetsu including Mt. Hakusan and Mt. Tateyama, Kii Province where his own domain existed, and various other provinces such as Yamato Province, Kawachi Province, and Izumi Province only in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
Japanese: 山口藤次郎による評伝では、その他にも「東は甲信から西は防長」まで足を伸ばしたと述べられているが、その裏付けは確かではなく、伴存の足跡として確かなのは白山や立山を含む北越、自身の藩国である紀伊国の他は、大和国、河内国、和泉国といった畿内諸国のみである。
English: After thatTomoari continued collection and investigation in Kii Peninsula centering around the land of his own domain, and made a lot of achievement.
Japanese: その後の伴存は、自藩領を中心として紀伊半島での採集・調査を続け、多くの成果を挙げた。
English: In 1859 Tomoari died away from his home while conducting investigation in Kumano region, and was buried at the hongu (main shrine) in that place (Hongu-cho, Tanabe City).
Japanese: 安政6年（1859年）、伴存は熊野地方での調査中に倒れて客死し、同地の本宮（田辺市本宮町）にて葬られた。
English: The characteristics of Tomoari's literary works are that he focused on a certain area and he tried to clarify its topography.
Japanese: 伴存の著作の特徴となるのは、ある地域を限定し、その地域の地誌を明らかにしようとした点にある。
English: As the results of this he authored "Hakusan Somoku-shi," "Hokuetsu Kicho," "Kinan Rokugun-shi," "Kumano Bussan Shoshi," "Noyama Somoku Tsushi," and "Washu Yoshinogun Gunzanki," which was Tomoari's representative literary work.
Japanese: その成果として『白山草木志』、『北越卉牒』、『紀南六郡志』、『熊野物産初志』『野山草木通志』（高野山）、そして伴存の代表的著作『和州吉野郡群山記』がある。
English: Especially in Kii Province he made extensive investigation and among its results there are "Suizoku-shi" which seems to be the first aquatic fauna in Japan and a pictorial book on conchology, "Sanzen Kai Zu."
Japanese: 特に紀伊国では広範囲に及ぶ調査を行い、その中には、日本で最初と見られる水産動物誌『水族志』、貝類図鑑『三千介図』がある。
English: His represetative literary works, "Kumano Busan Shoshi" and "Washu Yoshinogun Gunzanki" are results of such efforts.
Japanese: 代表的著作である『熊野物産初誌』『和州吉野郡群山記』もそうした成果のひとつである。
English: "Washu Yoshinogun Gunzanki" describes in detail the geography, folk culture, and nature around Mt. Omine andMt. Odaigahara and along Totsu-kawa River and Kitayama-gawa River, and its contents are accurate and precise.
Japanese: 『和州吉野郡群山記』は、大峰山、大台ヶ原山、十津川や北山川流域の地理や民俗、自然を詳細に記述したもので、内容は正確かつ精密である。
English: In addition, in the field of herbalism there are "Komoku Chuso"and "Komokugai Imyoso" and in the field of meibutsu-gaku (study of names and characteristics of objects) there are "Komei-roku"which consists of a total of 85 volumes and "Shitoen Kosho"; and from these we can see Tomoari's scholarship.
Japanese: その他にも、本草学では『綱目注疏』、『綱目外異名疏』、名物学では全85巻からなる『古名録』や『紫藤園攷証』があり、伴存の学識を知ることが出来る。
English: As stated above, Tomoari not only liked field works throughout his life, but also he extensively read a wide variety of literature.
Japanese: 前述のように、伴存は生涯にわたってフィールドワークを好んだだけでなく、広範な文献を渉猟した。
English: It is worth writing that especially in utilization of Chinese and Japanese classics and in authenticity based on it, he demonstrated incomparably more quality/quantity and expertness than not only Ranzan but also other scholars of hebalism.
Japanese: ことに古今和漢の文献の駆使とそれにもとづく考証においては、蘭山はもとより、他の本草学者の比にならないほどの質量と専門性を示すことは特筆に価する。
English: Also what characterizes Tomoari's natural historian accomplishments are his taxonomic classification technique used for creating not only sketches but also the specimens as the records of the areas where investigation was made.
Japanese: また、伴存の博物学的業績を特徴付けるのは、調査地域での記録として写生図だけでなく標本を作成した分類学的手法である。
English: These specimens were passed to Ryunosuke HOTTA of Osaka who was Tomoari's pupil, and later they were donated by a descendant of HOTTA to the Osaka Municipal Museum of Natural History.
Japanese: その標本は、伴存の門人で大阪の堀田龍之介の手に渡り、後に堀田の子孫から大阪市立自然史博物館に寄贈された。
English: These specimens are not reviewed from modern taxonomy, but can be important material for studying flora in the Kii Mountain Range.
Japanese: これらの標本を現代の分類学から再検討することは行われていないが、紀伊山地の植物誌研究にとって重要な資料となりうるものである。
English: Tomoari left great accomplishments as mentioned above, but he published only one book during his lifetime.
Japanese: 伴存は以上のように大きな業績を残したが、生前に公刊した著作はわずか1冊のみであった。
English: His biological child did not follow in their father's footsteps, but fell into straitened circumstances after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) and died in an accident, and his family lineage ceased to exist in 1905.
Japanese: また、実子は父の志を継ぐことなく廃藩置県後に零落、1905年（明治38年）に不慮の死を遂げ、家系は途絶えた。
English: Tomoari had two Monjin Students, Ryunosuke HOTTA and Shutaro KURIYAMA, but KURIYAMA's achievements are very little known today.
Japanese: 伴存は堀田龍之介と栗山修太郎という2人の門人を持ったが、栗山の事跡は今日にはほとんど何も知られていない。
English: HOTTA remained within an amateur dilettante as a scholar of herbalism and natural history.
Japanese: 堀田は、本草学者・博物学者としてはあくまでアマチュアの好事家の域にとどまった。
English: For these reasons, Tomoari had not only been forgotten from the end of Edo period to the early Meiji period, but also even treated as a different person depeding on his real name or common name even after World War II.
Japanese: こうしたこともあって、伴存は江戸末期から明治初期にかけて忘れさられただけでなく、第二次大戦後に至っても本名と号とでそれぞれ別人であるかのように扱われることさえあった。
English: It was quite coincident that Tomoari was rediscovered, which was started by Sakari SHISHIDO, a booklover of Tokyo who happened to acquire the draft of "Suizokushi" at a second-hand bookstore.
Japanese: 伴存が再発見されたのは全くの偶然で、1877年（明治10年）、東京の愛書家・宍戸昌が古書店で『水族志』稿を入手したことに始まる。
English: It was found only that the author's name was 'Tomoari MINAMOTO of Kii Domain, and it was unknown who he was; and, only after SHISHIDO showed it to HOTTA, its historical trail was made known.
Japanese: 著者名は「紀藩源伴存」とあるだけで、何者とも知れなかったが、翌年に大阪で宍戸が堀田に見せたところ、その来歴が判明したのであった。
English: Later Yoshio TANAKA learned this, and recommended SHISHIDO to have "Suizokushi" published in 1884.
Japanese: 後に田中芳男がこのことを知り、宍戸に勧めて、1884年（明治17年）に『水族志』が刊行された。
English: TANAKA also made an effort to publish "Komeiroku" and had it published from 1885 to 1890.
Japanese: 田中はまた、『古名録』の出版にもつとめ、1885年（明治18年）から1890年（明治23年）に刊行した。
English: On the occasion of the publication of "Komeiroku," Mitsutaro SHIRAI contributed waka (Japanese poetry) and Kumagusu MINAKATA contributed a comment praising Tomoari's scholarship.
Japanese: 『古名録』の刊行にあたっては、白井光太郎が和歌を寄せたほか、南方熊楠も伴存の学識を賞賛する一文を寄せている。
English: As a result of these he was ranked Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) in 1928 and his biography by Tojiro YAMAGUCHI was published in 1933; however he was evaluated only as a scholar of herbalism.
Japanese: これらの結果、1928年（昭和3年）には従五位に列せられ、1933年（昭和8年）には山口藤次郎の手による伝記が刊行されたが、あくまで本草学者としての評価であった。
English: Also, his graveyard became one of cultural properties (historic sites) designated by Prefecture in 1965.
Japanese: また、1965年（昭和40年）には墓所が県指定文化財（史跡）に指定された。
English: His re-evaluation as a scholar of natural history was greatly thanks to the achievements by Masuzo UENO or various studies after 1970s.
Japanese: 博物学者としての再評価は、上野益三の業績をはじめとする、1970年代以降の諸研究の功績が大きい。
English: The details about Tomoari himself are included in Tojiro YAMAGUCHI's literary work (1933) before the War, UENO's various writings, and furthermore SUGIMOTO's writings (1985 to 2006).
Japanese: 伴存自身については、戦前の山口藤次郎1933、や上野の諸著作、さらに杉本1985→2006に詳しい。
English: There are a number of studies on his writings, and major articles and books are gathered in Nara Prefecture History Editing Committee (1990: 190), Mise (1998: 71-279) and so on.
Japanese: その著作についても多くの研究があり、奈良県史編集委員会1990190、御勢1998271-279等に関連する主要な論文・書籍がまとめられている。
English: ONO no Kenu (year of birth unknown - June 5, 714) was a Court noble in the late Asuka period.
Japanese: 小野毛野（おののけぬ、生年不詳-和銅7年4月15日(旧暦)（714年6月1日））は、飛鳥時代後期の公卿。
English: Chutaku SASAKI (1790 - April 26, 1846) was a rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language) in Edo period.
Japanese: 佐々木中沢（ささきちゅうたく、寛政2年（1790年）-弘化3年4月1日(旧暦)（1846年4月26日））は、江戸時代の蘭学者。
English: After studying under a doctor of his native domain Seian TAKEBE, at the age of 25, he went to Edo to enter a private school called Shirando ran by a rangakusha Gentaku OTSUKI who was a senior pupil of TAKEBE in the same hometown.
Japanese: 郷里の藩医・建部清庵に学び、25歳で江戸へ出て、建部の弟子であり郷里の先輩でもある蘭学者・大槻玄沢の芝蘭堂に入塾。
English: He learned Dutch surgery and became one of Gentaku's leading pupils, ranking next below the big four of Shirando: Genshin UDAGAWA, Sokichi HASHIMOTO, Saisuke YAMAMURA and Sanpaku INAMURA.
Japanese: オランダ外科を学び、宇田川玄真・橋本宗吉・山村才助・稲村三伯ら芝蘭堂四天王と呼ばれた門人に次ぐ玄沢の高弟となった。
English: He became a doctor of the Ichinoseki domain in 1817 and married to Ewako who was the eldest daughter of Kiyomi OTSUKI, a relative of his master.
Japanese: 1817年、一関藩の藩医となり、師匠家の筋にあたる大槻清臣の長女・恵和子と結婚する。
English: In 1822, he became an assistant professor of Dutch surgery at the medical school in Sendai Domain by the recommendation of Gentaku and Hoken.
Japanese: 1822年には玄沢・甫賢の推薦により、仙台藩医学校蘭方外科助教となる。
English: He wrote some books including "Zonshinzueki" which was written when he dissected the genitals of a female prisoner and "Jingo Tenkobyo Setsu" which described the symptoms of and preventive measures against cholera and so on.
Japanese: 著書には、女囚の生殖器を解剖した際に記述した『存真図腋』（ぞんしんずえき）、コレラの症状や予防法を記した『壬午天行病説』などがある。
English: Atsushi UEMURA (April 12, 1933-) is a Japanese-style painter, and a member of the Japan Art Academy.
Japanese: 上村淳之（うえむらあつし、1933年4月12日-）は、日本画家、日本芸術院会員。
English: "New Modern-day Japanese-style Painter Sketch Collection 3, UEMURA Atsushi, Conversation with Birds" Japan Broadcast Publishing, 1992
Japanese: 新現代日本画家素描集3上村淳之鳥たちとの対話日本放送出版協会1992
English: Count Charles Ferdinand Camille Ghislain Descantons de Montblanc (May 11, 1833 - January 22, 1894), the Baron of Ingelmunster, was a French/Belgium peer, businessman, diplomat and oyatoi gaikokujin (a foreign advisor with specialized knowledge hired by the Japanese government at the end of the Edo period to the Meiji era to assist in the modernization of Japan).
Japanese: シャルル・フェルディナン・カミーユ・ヒスラン・デカントン・ド・モンブラン、モンブラン伯爵にして、インゲルムンステル男爵（CountCharlesFerdinandCamilleGhislainDescantonsdeMontblanc,BarondIngelmunster、1833年5月11日-1894年1月22日）は、フランス/ベルギーの貴族、実業家、外交官、日本のお雇い外国人。
English: In Japan he was known as "Count Hakuzan" ("Hakuzan" means white mountain = mont blanc).
Japanese: 日本では「白山伯」（はくざんはく、ペーサンはく、モンブラン白い山の伯爵から）の名で知られた。
English: Montblanc was the first son of Charles Albéric Clement Descantons de Montblanc (1785 - 1861), and was born in Paris in 1833.
Japanese: 1833年、パリでシャルル・アルベリック・クレマン・デカントン・ド・モンブラン（1785年-1861年）の長男として生まれる。
English: His mother was Virginie Louise Rocques de Montgaillard (1812 - 1889).
Japanese: 母はヴィルジニ・ルイズ・ロック・ド・モンガイヤール（1812年-1889年）。
English: Montblanc's father, Charles Albéric, was given the feudal lands of Baron Ingelmunster in West-Vlaanderen Province, West-Vlaanderen region, Belgium, by a German feudal lord, Otto von Plotho, and became a baron in Belgium.
Japanese: 父のシャルル・アルベリックは、ベルギーのフランデレン地域ウェスト＝フランデレン州にあるインゲルムンステル（Ingelmunster）男爵領を、ドイツ人領主オットー・フォン・ブロートから譲られ、ベルギーの男爵となった。
English: In the French army under the Ancien Régime, the Von Plotho family was the main lineage of the Montblanc family and because the Von Plotho family had no successor the land was assigned to the Montblanc family.
Japanese: アンシャン・レジーム期のフランス軍において、ブロート家（VonPlotho）はモンブラン家の主筋であり、直系の後継者がいなくなったために譲渡を受けたものだ。
English: Although the details are not known, Charles Albéric also held the title of count in France.
Japanese: 前後関係はわからないが、シャルル・アルベリックはフランスの伯爵位をも得ている。