nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The answer of koan is often far from the thinking based on common-sense and tends to dissolve contradiction by erasing one's consciousness and to sublate and integrate it in a higher stage.
Japanese: 公案の答えは常識的な思考の届かないところにあり、自己を消し去ることで矛盾を解消したり、矛盾を止揚して高次の段階で統一したものである場合が多い。
English: It is said that the secret of Zen is included in such a process to reach an answer and that koan is one of the devices to lead a practitioner to enlightenment.
Japanese: そういった答えに至る過程に禅の極意が含まれているとし、修行者を正しい悟りに導くための工夫の一つとされる。
English: However, it is said that such a way to meditate instead of studying is suitable for priests who can be directed and guarded by good Zen masters and that lay believers need to do both mediation and studying.
Japanese: ただし、このような学習を捨てて坐禅させるという方法は、師家の善良な監督下にあって庇護を受けることができる出家の僧侶に向けたものであり、在家の信者は坐禅と学習の両方を行う必要があるとされる。
English: The reason why the ascetic practices of Zen are strict and masters daringly afflict Zen practitioners, is that a rich and happy person finds it difficult to seek Buddhism.
Japanese: 禅の修行が厳しく、師家のほうでも敢えて禅人を苦しめるのは、富貴で平穏あれば仏道を求めることが困難だからである。
English: This is regarded as the same reason why enthroned Shakyamuni abdicated the luxury life to pursue pleasure with a princess, by the fortune of the whole country, and became a priest and practiced asceticism for six years.
Japanese: 釈迦が王位に就いて姫と歓楽に耽り、国中の財産を集めた贅沢三昧の生活を自ら捨てて出家して六年間の苦行をしたのも、このような理由であるとされる。
English: If a person meditates desperately when he or she is suffering from a sudden disease and hoping to fall senseless and die, it would be a good opportunity to reach great enlightenment.
Japanese: 不意に病にかかり、気を失って死んだ方がましだと思うような病苦の中にあるときこそ必死に坐禅すれば、またとない大悟の機会となる。
English: Even when he or she cannot reach great enlightenment, if he or she is reminded of the hardship at that time, his or her suffering in life would be of no significance.
Japanese: たとえ大悟を得られなくとも、その時の苦しみを思い返せば多少の生活の苦しみは取るに足りなくなる。
English: In addition, such a mental preparation as the blessing to break the endless ambivalence of life and death and reach Nyorai's enlightenment cannot be got with a little hardships and troubles.
Japanese: また、無始無終の生死の迷いを打破し、如来の悟りに徹底するようなめでたい事は、少しばかりの艱難辛苦なしには得られるものではないという覚悟が必要であるとされる。
English: However, the Zen master Hakuin worried about the practitioner who did too much mediation and suffered from a nervous breakdown (decrease in positive activity of the brain), and gave the secret of Naikan as a method of healing.
Japanese: とはいえ参禅が限度を超えて神経衰弱の苦しみにある修行者を見かねた白隠禅師が、その治療方法としての内観の秘法を伝授した。
English: It is a method to take a rest in order to cure the Zen disease caused by nervous breakdown, and it consists of 24 hours sleeping, image training of the Zen sect, susokukan (method to achieve spiritual concentration and stability by counting the number of breaths) and tanden kokyu (respiration by working the inner part of the lower abdomen just beneath the navel).
Japanese: 神経衰弱から来る禅病を直すための心身の休養方法であり、心身がもとより空虚なものであることを体験するために、24時間の睡眠と禅宗的なイメージトレーニングと数息観と丹田呼吸を行う。
English: It is said that many methods to reach enlightenment are summarized into these two.
Japanese: 悟りに至る方法は数多くあるが、それらはすべてこの二つに要約されるとする。
English: The word 'Dhyāna' in Sanskrit and the word 'Jhāna' in Pali were transferred to Zenna (a practice to attain enlightenment of the truth with calm emotion and clear mind) and Zen (禅) in China.
Japanese: サンスクリットのディヤーナ、パーリ語のジャーナ（Dhyāna,Jhānaサンスクリット）が中国で音写され禅那（ゼンナ）、禅（ゼン）になった。
English: It was officially written as Zen (禪), and turned to the present character after the problems that occurred pertaining to the national script (daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981), kanji for common use (list of 1945 kanji established in 1981) and list of 1006 kanji taught in Japanese primary schools).
Japanese: 正しい表記は禪、国語国字問題(当用漢字、常用漢字、教育漢字)以後は現表記となる。
English: It is translated freely into Dhyana (Meditation) by adding the following meanings to the transcription; the meaning of concentration of mind which leads to the word 'Zen' and the meaning of calm without upsetting which leads to the word 'Jo' (定).
Japanese: これに心の働きを集中させるという意味を与えて禅となし、心を静かにして動揺させないという意味を与えて定とし、音写に意味を加えて禅定と意訳する。
English: According to Zengen Shosenshu Tojo (Commentary of the Ch'an-yuan-chu-ch'uan-chi tu-hsu) written by Guifeng Zongmi, the origin of Zen exists in bussho (the Buddhist nature), to be aware bussho is the wisdom, to practice wisdom is jo and the word Zenna means all of them.
Japanese: 圭峰宗密の著書禅源諸詮集都序には、禅の根元は仏性にあるとし、仏性を悟るのが智慧であり、智慧を修するのが定であり、禅那はこれを併せていうとある。
English: In addition, it says that it was named as the Zen sect because only the religious Doctrine which was introduced by Daruma corresponded to the true Zenna.
Japanese: また、達磨が伝えた宗旨のみが真実の禅那に相応するから禅宗と名付けた、ともある。
English: There are other translations such as Shiyuishu, Joryo, Kiaku, Kudokusorin and Nenshu.
Japanese: 他の訳に、思惟修（しゆいしゅう）・静慮（じょうりょ）・棄悪・功徳叢林・念修。
English: In Chinese Buddhist sutras there are examples of transcription such as Daenna and Jiana.
Japanese: 漢訳仏典には駄衍那（だえんな）・持阿那（じあな）と音写している例もある。
English: In addition, the word 'yoga' is also translated into mediation in modern Japanese, but it originally means to control mind and leads it to integration.
Japanese: ちなみにヨーガ（yoga）も現在の日本語にすると瞑想とされるが、本来は心を調御して統一に導くことをいう。
English: Although the action of mediation can be represented by words, mediation is clearly different from Zen and distinguished basically because Zen adopts furyumonji.
Japanese: 瞑想は動作を言葉で説明する事ができるが、禅は不立文字である為、瞑想と禅は明らかに異なる物であり、本来は区別される。
English: This confusion of mediation and Zen is caused by translations into a language which has less vocabulary, such as English.
Japanese: この瞑想と禅の混同は英語等の語彙の少ない言語を介して訳されて生じると考えられる。
English: The word 'Zen' or 'Jo' was originated from India and its experience of mediation had an important meaning after the establishment of Buddhism.
Japanese: 「禅」あるいは「定」という言葉は、インドにその起源を持ち、それが指す瞑想体験は、仏教が成立した時から重要な意義が与えられていた。
English: Gotama Siddhattha was also considered to reach enlightenment through Dhyana (Meditation), and it had been thought to be important for ascetic practices of Buddhism as one of the 'San-gaku' (indispensable three practices when learning the teachings of the Buddha) (commandment, jo and wisdom) in Hynayana Buddhism and as one of the Rokuharamitsu (Charity, Morality, Endurance, Diligence, Mediation and Wisdom) in Mahayana Buddhism.
Japanese: ゴータマ・シッダッタも禅定によって悟りを開いたとされ、部派仏教においては「三学」（戒・定・慧）の一つとして、また、大乗仏教においては「六波羅蜜」（布施・持戒・忍辱・精進・禅定・智慧）の一つとして、仏道修行に欠かせないものと考えられてきた。
English: It insists that Buddhism was gradually transmitted from Mahakasyapa and the teaching of Zen was introduced by Bodhidharma from India to China, which authorized the Zen in China.
Japanese: インドではマハーカーシャパ（大迦葉）から法(仏教)が順に伝えられ、ボーディダルマ（菩提達磨）によってインドから中国に、禅の教えが広められたと主張し、権威付けを行っている。
English: Mahakasyapa was a disciple from Brahman society and regarded as a hoshi (successor of Buddhism) of Shakyamuni, and his legend called nenge misho (heart-to-heart communication (literally, "holding a flower and subtly smiling")) is seen in "Mumonkan" (The Gateless Gate), books of the Zen sect in Sung.
Japanese: マハーカーシャパはバラモン階級出身の弟子で、釈迦の法嗣とされる（法の継承者）が、拈華微笑といわれている伝説が宋代の禅籍『無門関』に見られる。
English: The Zen in China was established as the Zen sect after Shiso Doshin (the fourth leader Doshin) (580 - 651) and Goso Konin (the fifth leader Konin) (601 - 674) who were called Tozanhomon (a group in Chinese Zen Buddhism).
Japanese: 禅が中国で実際に禅宗として確立したのは、東山法門と呼ばれた四祖道信（580年-651年）、五祖弘忍（601年-674年）以降である。
English: In addition, it is thought that it was developed after a new definition of mediation and Dhyana (Meditation) were shown in the "Rokusodaishi Hobodangyo" (also known as Rokuso Dankyo, the platform sutra of the sixth patriarch) which included the name of Rokuso Eno (the sixth leader Eno) (638 - 713) and was thought to be edited by his disciple Kataku Jinne.
Japanese: さらに六祖慧能（638年-713年）の名を使用し、弟子の荷沢神会が編纂したと考えられている『六祖大師法宝壇経（六祖壇経）』に新しい坐禅と禅定の定義が宣揚されたのを契機として発展したものと考えられる。
English: In addition, the episode Nangaku Ejo (677 - 744), a disciple of Eno, and his disciple Baso Doitsu (709 - 788) in "Keitoku Dento Roku" (Transmission of the Lamp) made the position of the Zen sect against mediation clear.
Japanese: さらに『景德傳燈錄』に載せる、慧能の弟子の南嶽懐譲（677年-744年）とさらにその弟子の馬祖道一（709年-788年）の逸話によって坐禅に対する禅宗の姿勢が明らかとなる。
English: The essence of the Chinese Zen sect is shown clearly in this part, which was greatly beyond traditional mediation in Buddhism.
Japanese: この部分に中国禅宗の要諦が尽されているが、伝統的な仏教の瞑想から大きく飛躍していることがわかる。
English: On the other hand, it is not without reason that some people criticize the Zen sect to defame the teachings of Shakyamuni.
Japanese: また一方に、禅宗は釈迦一代の教説を誹謗するものだ、と非難するものがいるのも無理ないことである。
English: However, this is a sincere Buddhism which sought the practice of Hannya-haramitsu (completion of the supreme wisdom) from the foundation behind thought, and it is true that the Zen sect flourished from Tang to Sung.
Japanese: しかし、これはあくまでも般若波羅蜜の実践を思想以前の根本から追究した真摯な仏教であり、唐代から宋代にかけて禅宗が興隆を極めたのも事実である。
English: The word 'Hannya-haramitsu' refers to the transcendence of wisdom of dichotomy between the two such as shigan (this world) and higan (that world), but it does not refer to the transcendence by mediation, and the Chinese Zen masters aimed to return to the position where there was no mind, that is, the position before ideas occurred.
Japanese: 般若波羅蜜は、此岸―彼岸といった二項対立的な智を超越することを意味するが、瞑想による超越ということでなく、中国禅の祖師たちは、心念の起こらぬところ、即ち概念の分節以前のところに帰ることを目指したのである。
English: Therefore, the record of conversation in such activities (Zengoroku) is nonsense from the viewpoint of daily logos.
Japanese: だからその活動の中での対話の記録―禅語録―は、日常のロゴスの立場で読むと意味が通らないのである。
English: In China, it seems that Chinese Zen often exchanged with Taoism founded by Lao-tze, so that there are many common points between them.
Japanese: 中国では老子を開祖とする道教との交流が多かったと思われ、老子の教えと中国禅の共通点は多い。
English: As opposed to traditional Chinese Buddhism, which was centered around knowledge, Zen developed greatly in China as Buddhism which aimed at prompt enlightenment instead of gradual enlightenment through knowledge and mediation.
Japanese: 知識を中心としたそれまでの中国の仏教に対して、知識と瞑想による漸悟でなく、頓悟を目標とした仏教として禅は中国で大きな発展を見た。
English: In addition, the 'Dento,' which was the transmission of enlightenment, was emphasized in the Zen sect and Buddhism had been succeeded from masters to disciples.
Japanese: また、禅宗では悟りの伝達である「伝灯」が重んじられ、師匠から弟子へと法が嗣がれて行った。
English: Soon in the Northern Sung, the idea of 'five sects' proposed by Hogen Moneki was generalized and established as 'Goke' (five sect).
Japanese: やがて、北宋代になると、法眼文益が提唱した「五家」観念が一般化して「五家」（五宗）が成立した。
English: In addition, the group of Oryo School and Yogi School of the Rinzai sect strengthened the influence to as strong as the 'Goke,' which led to the idea of 'Goke Shichishu' including these two schools.
Japanese: さらに、臨済宗中から、黄龍派と楊岐阜派の勢力が伸長し、「五家」と肩を並べるまでになり、この二派を含めて「五家七宗」（ごけしちしゅう）という概念が生まれた。
English: Therefore, it had a wide influence to various cultures such as Confucianism Philosophy including Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming), literature including Chinese poetry, Sansui-ga (Chinese-style landscape painting) of ink-wash painting and arts including garden making beyond the framework of a religious community.
Japanese: よって、教団の枠組みを超え、朱子学・陽明学といった儒教哲学や、漢詩などの文学、水墨画による山水画や庭園造立などの美術などの、様々な文化的な事象に広範な影響を与えた。
English: From the end of the Tang to Godai (Five Dynasties) period, the Rinzai sect, which was based in Northern China, did not have a strong influence after Gigen's disciples Sansei Enen and Koke Zonsho.
Japanese: 唐末五代においては、華北に地盤を置いた臨済宗は、義玄の門弟三聖慧然、興化存奨以後、その宗風はさほど振るわなかった。
English: Only Nanin Egyo and Fuketsu Ensho of Zonsho lineage partly succeeded its tradition.
Japanese: 存奨系統の南院慧顒、風穴延沼らが一部でその法統を継承するに過ぎなかった。
English: In the Northern Sung, when the Zen masters such as Funyo Zensho, Koe Genren (広慧元漣) and Sekimon Unso who were disciples of Shuzan Shonen, a disciple of Ensho, appeared one after another, it came to flourish.
Japanese: 北宋代になって、延沼の弟子の首山省念門下の汾陽善昭、広慧元漣、石門蘊聡といった禅匠が輩出して、一気に宗風が振るうようになった。
English: Sekiso Soen and Roya Ekaku (瑯琊慧覚) who were Zensho's disciples, and Yogi Hoe of the Yogi school and Oryu Enan of the Oryu school, who were Shonen's disciples, appeared and their group dominated all over China.
Japanese: 善昭門下に石霜楚円、瑯琊慧覚が出、蘊聡門下からは楊岐派の楊岐方会、黄龍派の黄龍慧南が出て、その一門が中国全土を制覇することとなった。
English: Koho Genmyo, who lived in the Yuan Dynasty Period, expressed its character by the words of 'glorious fun.'
Japanese: 元(王朝)の高峰原妙は、その宗風を、「痛快」という言葉で表現している。
English: After the middle of the Sung Period, the lineage of Enan expanded its influence to as strong as the Goke with the Yogi school.
Japanese: 宋代の中期以降に、慧南の系統が勢力を伸長し、楊岐派と共に、五家と肩を並べるまでになった。
English: The appearance of Maido Soshin, Torin Josho (東林常聡) and Shinjo Katsubun (真浄克文) who were disciples of Enan, Shijin Goshin and Reigen Isei who were disciples of Shoshin, and Tosotsu Juetsu and Kakuhan Keiko (覚範慧洪) who were disciples of Katsubun, led to its flourishing and the Oryu school became superior to the Yogi school, which had flourished more before.
Japanese: 慧南の門下から晦堂祖心、東林常聡、真浄克文が輩出し、祖心の弟子の死心悟新、霊源惟清が、克文の下からは兜率従悦、覚範慧洪らが出て活躍し、当初は、より盛んであった楊岐派よりも優勢になった。
English: The lineage of Hoe expanded its influence, the same as the Oryu school, and became one of the schools among Shichishu (the Seven schools).
Japanese: 黄龍派と同様に方会の系統が勢力を伸ばし、七宗の一に数えられるまでになった。
English: After Goso Hoen, a disciple of Hakun Shutan, the Zen masters such as Engo Kokugon, Bukkan Egon and Butsugen Seion, who were Hoen's disciples, appeared and were called 'the three Buddha.'
Japanese: 白雲守端の門下に五祖法演が出て、その門弟より、圜悟克勤、仏鑑慧懃、仏眼清遠という、「三仏」と称される禅匠が現われた。
English: In the Southern Sung period, it kept influence and Daie Soko, who was a disciple of Kokugan, had many disciples and established the Daie school.
Japanese: 南宋になっても、その勢いはとどまらず、克勤の門弟子、大慧宗杲は多数の門弟を集め、大慧派を形成した。
English: Besides the Kokyu school of Kukyu Joryu, the Shogen school of Kido Chigu and the Haan school (破庵派) of Bushun Shiban also flourished.
Japanese: その他、虎丘紹隆の虎丘派、虚堂智愚を出した松源派、無準師範を出した破庵派なども活躍した。
English: This lineage also had influence around Jingnan and the Southern Tang, both of the Ten kingdoms, but gradually declined and disappeared before the Sung period.
Japanese: この系統も十国の荊南や南唐を中心として教勢を張ったが、その後は次第に衰退し、宋代にまで伝わることがなかった。
English: Korin Choon, Dosan Shusho and Tokusan Enmitsu, who were disciples of Bunen, formed a large group at the end of the Tang, and flourished from the end of the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Sung period.
Japanese: 文偃門下の香林澄遠・洞山守初・徳山縁密らが唐末に一大勢力を形成し、五代末より北宋にかけて、隆盛を極めた。
English: In the Sung period, Seccho Juken from the lineage of Choon and Butsunichi Kaisu from the lineage of Monju Oshin (文殊応真) flourished.
Japanese: 宋代には、澄遠の系統から現われた雪竇重顕、文殊応真系統の仏日契嵩が活躍した。
English: After that, the Zen masters such as Butsuin Ryogen (仏印了元) and Daibai Hoei (大梅法英) appeared one after another and it had an influence as strong as the Rinzai sect in the Northern Sung period, but it gradually declined towards the end of the Northern Sung period.
Japanese: その後も、仏印了元や大梅法英らの禅匠を輩出し、北宋代には、臨済宗と比肩する勢いを有していたが、北宋末には、次第に衰退していった。
English: In the Southern Sung period, Raian Shoju, an editor of "Katai Futo Roku" (the Chia-t'ai Comprehensive Record of the Lamp), and others flourished, but it had a small influence and finally disappeared at the end of the Southern Sung period.
Japanese: 南宋でも、『嘉泰普灯録』の編者、雷庵正受らが活躍したが、宗勢は振るわず、南宋末には系統が途絶えてしまった。
English: The lineage of Ryokai and Sozan Honjaku were spread in the Jingnan and Southern Tang, both of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, but did not have a strong influence as a whole.
Japanese: 良价、曹山本寂の系統は、五代十国の荊南や南唐に宗勢を張ったが、全体的には余り宗勢は振るわなかった。
English: Only Sozan Eika (曹山慧霞), a disciple of Honjaku, Doan Dohi, a disciple of Ungo Doyo, Gokoku Shucho (護国守澄), a disciple of Sozan Kyonin, and Sekimon Kenun (石門献蘊), a disciple of Seirin Shiken, flourished.
Japanese: 本寂門下の曹山慧霞、雲居道膺門下の同安道丕、疎山匡仁門下の護国守澄、青林師虔門下の石門献蘊らの活躍が見られる程である。
English: In the northern Sung period, it did not spread so much, but Toshi Gisei revived the sect.
Japanese: 北宋代になっても、余り宗勢は振るわなかったが、投子義青が出て中興を果たした。
English: Dokai was rejected from being given a purple Buddhist priest stole and the title of master by the Emperor Kiso and was exiled to Shishu (Shandong Province), which turned out to be a blessing in disguise for the Soto sect to spread in Northern China.
Japanese: 道楷は、徽宗皇帝からの紫衣と師号の下賜を拒絶して、淄州（山東省）に流罪となり、災い転じて福となり、それが華北に曹洞宗が拡大する契機となった。
English: In the Southern Sung period, Wanshi Shogaku and Shinkatsu Seiryo, who were disciples of Shijun, appeared and kept the sect's tradition called 'Mokusho-Zen' (Zen which emphasizes mediation), but it had less influence than the Rinzai sect.
Japanese: 南宋代には、子淳の下から宏智正覚、真歇清了が出て、「黙照禅」と呼ばれる宗風を維持したが、その宗勢は、臨済宗には遠く及ばなかった。
English: From the lineage of Rokumon Jikaku, which spread in Hebei Province, Bansho Gyoshu appeared in the Jin period and spread it actively.
Japanese: 河北に教勢を張った鹿門自覚の系統からは、金(王朝)代になって、万松行秀が出現し、大いに教化を振るうこととなる。
English: Gyoshu taught many outstanding disciples such as Rinsen Jurin (林泉従倫), Setsutei Fukuyu and Yaritsu Sozai, and was admired by Shoshu (章宗) (Jin Dynasty).
Japanese: 行秀は、林泉従倫や雪庭福裕、耶律楚材らの多くの優れた門弟子を育て、章宗(金)の尊崇を受けた。
English: Fukuyu won in the dispute with Ri Shijo, a Taoist of Quanzhen school of Taoism in the Yuan, and spread it whilst based at the Shorin-ji Temple (Shaolin Temple) in Mt.Sung.
Japanese: 福裕は、元(王朝)朝において、道教の全真教の道士、李志常と論争して勝利を収め、嵩山の少林寺に住して教勢を張った。
English: After that, the Shorin-ji Temple was a base of the Soto sect in Northern China, and it began to use the name of 'Soto Sho sect' (Soto legitimate sect) in the latter part of Ming.
Japanese: 以後、少林寺は、華北における曹洞宗の本拠となり、明の後半には、「曹洞正宗」を名乗ることとなった。
English: It was founded by Hogen Moneki who wrote "Shumon Jukki-ron" (The Ten maladies in practicing Zen) which was the origin of the idea of 'Goke.'
Japanese: 「五家」観念の初源となった『宗門十規論』を著した法眼文益を祖とする。
English: In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Sen family, a king of Wuyue, guarded the priests of the Hogan sect such as Eimei Dosen (永明道潜), Tendai Tokusho and Eimei Enju, so that it flourished in the Jiangnan district.
Japanese: 五代十国では、呉越国王の銭氏一族が、永明道潜、天台徳韶、永明延寿らの法眼宗に属する僧らを保護したため、江南地方において、その宗勢が振るった。
English: Ungo Dosai (雲居道斉) and his disciple Reiin Bunsho (霊隠文勝) of the Taikin lineage flourished, but it gradually declined and disappeared finally at the end of the Northern Sung period.
Japanese: 泰欽門下からは、雲居道斉、霊隠文勝の師弟が出て活躍したが、次第に衰退に向かい、ついに北宋末には、その系統は断絶してしまった。
English: Zen was officially said to be transmitted in the 13th century (in the Kamakura period), but it had been already introduced in the Heian period and there is a record that Zen was lectured at Danrin-ji Temple.
Japanese: 日本には、公式には13世紀(鎌倉時代)に伝えられたとされているが、平安時代には既に伝わっており、檀林寺で禅が講義されたとの記録がある。
English: In addition, Gyohyo in the Provincial Monastery of Omi Province (Kokubun-ji Temple in Omi), a master of Saicho (a founder of the Tendai sect in Japan), succeeded the lineage of the Northern Sung (Baisong) in China.
Japanese: また、日本天台宗の宗祖最澄の師で近江国分寺の行表は中国北宗の流れを汲んでいる。
English: The lineage of Rinzai Zen began from Eisai who crossed to the Southern Sung of China and brought it back.
Japanese: 臨済禅の流れは中国の南宋に渡った栄西が日本に請来したことから始まる。
English: The lineage of Soto Zen also began after Dogen crossed to China, certified for enlightenment and came back to Japan, but it is known that Dainichibo Nonin had founded Nihon Daruma sect at Tonomine and that some priests of the Soto sect such as Ekan and Gikai had been originally the priests of Nihon Daruma sect before Dogen.
Japanese: 曹洞禅も道元が中国に渡り中国で印可を得て日本に帰国することから始まるが、それ以前に大日房能忍が多武峰で日本達磨宗を開いていた事が知られ、曹洞宗の懐鑑、義介らは元日本達磨宗の僧侶であったことが知られている。
English: After the Kamakura period, it had spread mainly among samurai and common people and Zen temples (temples belonging to the Zen sect) were built in various places.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代以後、武士や庶民などを中心に広まり、各地に禅寺（ぜんでら、禅宗寺院）が建てられるようになった。
English: In Japan, it began from Eisei who introduced Rinzai Zen from China, and it has many schools because some masters introduced Shingi (daily regulations in Zen temples) of each age from China to Japan.
Japanese: 日本では中国から臨済禅を伝えた栄西に始まり、その後何人かの祖師たちが中国からそれぞれの時代の清規を日本に伝えたため分派は多い。
English: The present Rinzai sect in Japan is called Koanzen, which was established by Hakuin in the Edo period.
Japanese: 現在の日本の臨済宗は公案禅といわれ、江戸時代に白隠がまとめたスタイルである。
English: The term 'koan' refers to the reports of judgment, but turned out to be used as the conversation of masters as transmitted as Zengoroku (analects about Zen).
Japanese: 公案とは、裁判の公判記録のことであるが、転じて禅語録として伝えられる祖師たちの対話をいうようになった。
English: In the Edo period, the study of the sect was developed by Mujaku Dochu (1653 - 1744), who revised many books, established a detailed method and left enormous writings.
Japanese: 江戸時代、宗学が発達し、無著道忠（1653年-1744年）が現われ、諸本を校訂し、綿密を究めた手法を確立し、膨大な著述を残した。
English: His books come up to the standard which is valuable for research even in recent and modern times, and duplicates prepared by using photography are published as books for practical purposes.
Japanese: その著書は、近現代においても研究上の価値を失わない水準を有しており、影印版が実用書として出版されている。
English: In the following year after coming back, he wrote Fukanzazengi (the first book written by Dogen after coming back to Japan, where the importance of Zen meditation is emphasized) and promoted the tradition of the sect which focused on Shikantaza.
Japanese: 帰国の翌年には普勧坐禅儀を著し、只管打坐を専らとする宗風を鼓舞した。
English: The contents of the ascetic practices are characterized by keeping 'Eihei Shingi' (Eihei Rules of Purity) strictly and devoting oneself to mediation without being satisfied with a temporal Kensho (certification of the properties) or seeking an enlightenment in other practices except mediation.
Japanese: その修行内容は「永平清規」を厳しく守り、一時的な見性に満足してしまうことや坐禅の他に悟りを求めることを良しとせず、只管に坐禅を勤めることに特色がある。
English: Dogen insisted that his teaching was the 'Buddhism of Seiden' (a correct record) while denying being seen as a sect, and also disliked to be called the Zen sect.
Japanese: 道元は自分の教えは「正傳の佛法」であるとして党派性を否定し、禅宗と呼ばれることも嫌った。
English: At first he was eager to spread his teaching to lay believers, but in his later years he took the priests-first (see the 12th volume of Shobogenzo (Treasury of the Eye of True Teaching)).
Japanese: 初期は在家への布教にも熱心であったが晩年は出家第一主義の立場を取った（正法眼蔵十二巻本参照）。
English: After that, Keizan, who founded the Soji-ji Temple, gradually incorporated not only mediation but also ceremonies and the idea of Esoteric Buddhism, which led to a rapid expansion all over the country.
Japanese: その後総持寺開山瑩山の時代に、坐禅だけではなく、徐々に儀式や密教の考え方も取り入れられ一般民衆に対し全国的に急速に拡大した。
English: It insists that the mediation of the Soto sect does not depend on koan and that devoting oneself to seating (Shikantaza) shows the original self (shushofuji (practice and enlightenment are not separated but combined as if they are one)), but it does not deny koan itself, and some schools actually use koan.
Japanese: 曹洞宗の坐禅は公案に拠らず、ただ、ひたすら坐る（只管打坐）ことがそのまま本来の自己を現じている（修証不二）としているが公案そのものを否定しているわけではなく、また、法系によっては公案を用いる流れも存在する。
English: It was introduced to Japan after Shinchi Kakushin, who had crossed to China from Japan, became a disciple of Son Chosan (孫張参), the 16th head priest of the Chinese Fuke sect, and came back to Japan in 1254.
Japanese: 日本から中国に渡った心地覚心が、中国普化宗16代目孫張参に弟子入りし、1254年に帰国することで、日本に伝わった。
English: In the Edo period, it was organized by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), but it was dissolved by the Meiji Government in 1871 because it had strong ties with the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 江戸時代に幕府により組織化されたが、江戸幕府との繋がりが強かったため、明治になって1871年に明治政府により解体された。
English: It disappeared as a sect and was incorporated into the Rinzai sect (in addition, the Ichigetsu-dera Temple belongs to the present Nichiren Sho Sect).
Japanese: 宗派としては失われ、臨済宗に編入された（ちなみに一月寺は現在日蓮正宗に属する）。
English: However, its tradition remains in the lineage of masters of shakuhachi bamboo flute or kyotaku flute.
Japanese: しかし、尺八や虚托の師匠としてその質を伝える流れが現在も伝わっている。
English: It began from the Zen master Ingen Ryuki (Yinyuan Longqi) of the Rinzai sect in China who was invited from Ming in 1654 (in the Edo period).
Japanese: 1654年（江戸時代）に、明から招かれた中国臨済宗の隠元隆き禅師により始まる。
English: He tried to identify the sect as Rinzai Shin sect, but was not allowed by bakufu, so it is called the Obaku school of the Rinzai sect, and was named after Kiun OBAKU, a master of the Rinzai sect.
Japanese: 臨済真宗を標榜しようとしたが幕府の許可が得られず、臨済の師黄檗希運の名を取り臨済宗黄檗派と称した。
English: It was characterized by nenbutsu-zen which combined Zen of the Ming style and nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and was known by its sutra chanting being Bonbai (a song in Indian style) in the Ming style using music instruments.
Japanese: 明朝風の禅と念仏が一体化した念仏禅を特徴とし、読経が楽器を伴う明風の梵唄であることで知られる。