nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: His later life after resignation was not known, except the fact that he died in 775.
Japanese: それ以後の生活については何も伝わっておらず、775年（宝亀6年）に薨去した。
English: Although it is not known exactly where Makibi died or where his tomb is, there is one tomb called "KIBI zuka" (KIBI zuka tomb) in the precinct of Nara University of Education of Nara City, which is believed to be Makibi's tomb.
Japanese: 亡くなった地や墓所がどこなのかは不明であるが、奈良市内にある奈良教育大学の構内には真備の墓と伝えられる『吉備塚（吉備塚古墳）』がある。
English: Besides his own duty, Makibi was responsible for arranging the "Sekiten" hosted by Imperial Court, which honored saints of Confucianism including Koshi.
Japanese: 職務の傍ら孔子をはじめとする儒教の聖人を祭る朝廷儀礼釈奠の整備にも当たった。
English: It is believed that Makibi wrote "Shikyo Ruijo", "Dosen Wajosan" and "Santei Ritsuryo Code".
Japanese: 著書に『私教類聚』『道弱和上纂』『刪定律令』などがあるとされている。
English: According to the literature such as "Godansho" and "Kibinootodo Nitto Emaki", Tang men who tried to kill Makibi confined Makibi in a castle where a devil lived, but Makibi could escape from the castle without any difficulty, because the devil turned out to be a wraith of ABE no Nakamaro who visited Tang with Makibi.
Japanese: 『江談抄』や『吉備大臣入唐絵巻』などによれば、真備は、殺害を企てた唐人によって、鬼が棲むという楼に幽閉されたが、その鬼というのが真備とともに遣唐使として入唐した阿倍仲麻呂の霊（生霊）であったため、難なく救われた。
English: Makibi was also forced to decipher a difficult 'Yamatai shi' (Poems on Japan) and to play Igo (a board game of capturing territory), but he managed to succeed in all of the challenges facing him with the help of the wraith of ABE no Nakamaro.
Japanese: また、難解な「野馬台詩」の解読や、囲碁の勝負などを課せられたが、これも阿倍仲麻呂の霊の援助により解決した。
English: The Tang men finally tried to kill Makibi by not feeding him, but Makibi hid the sun and the moon with a tool of sugoroku (a Japanese cardboard game), which startled the Tang men so much that they decided to release Makibi.
Japanese: 唐人は挙句の果てには食事を断って真備を殺そうとするが、真備が双六の道具によって日月を封じたため、驚いた唐人は真備を釈放した。
English: There is another interpretation of the legend that Makibi was kept to stay in Tang for a long period of time because he was so smart that Genso (the sixth Emperor of Tang) did not want him to leave Tang.
Japanese: 真備が長期間にわたって唐に留まることになったのは、玄宗(唐)がその才を惜しんで帰国させなかったためともいわれる。
English: Makibi came back with a young man called EN Shinkei (later called, KIYOMURA no Sukune) who mastered phonology, and according to FUJIWARA no Nagazane, KIYOMURA no Sukene tried to change the reading of kanji (Chinese characters) from the Wu reading to the Han reading, which is said to have contributed to the creation of katakana (one of the Japanese syllables).
Japanese: 真備は、袁晋卿（後の浄村宿禰）という音韻学に長けた少年を連れて帰朝したが、藤原長親によれば、この浄村宿禰という人物は、呉音だった漢字の読み方を漢音に改めようと努め、片仮名を作ったとされる。
English: It is also said that Kyubi no kitsune (a fox having nine tails), a divine legendary beast in Japan, was on board the ship back to Japan.
Japanese: また、帰路では当時の日本で神獣とされていた九尾の狐も同船していたといわれる。
English: In the military strategy book of the Medieval Period, Makibi was praised as a founder of the Japanese art of warfare for his achievement to bring back "Rikuto" (an ancient Chinese strategy book) which was possessed by Choryo (a politician and a war strategist in early China).
Japanese: 中世の兵法書などでは、張良が持っていたという『六韜』の兵法を持ち来たらしたとして、真備を日本の兵法の祖とした。
English: It is also said that KIBI no Makibi brought home "Hoki-Naiden", a scripture of Onmyodo (an occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), from Tang, and tried to hand it down to the descendants of ABE no Nakamaro at the foot of Mt. Tsukuba of Hitachi Province.
Japanese: また、吉備真備は、陰陽道の聖典『ほき内伝』を唐から持ち帰り、常陸国筑波山麓で阿倍仲麻呂の子孫に伝えようとしたという。
English: ABE no Seimei is said to have been a descendant of the ABE no Nakamaro family, and "Kinu Gyokuto shu" (aka. Hoki-Naiden), which is believed to have been used by ABE no Seimei as a book of secrets of Onmyodo, is said to have been compiled in the end of the Kamakura Period or early Muromachi Period.
Japanese: 安倍晴明は、阿部仲麻呂の一族の子孫とされるが、『金烏玉兎集』は安倍晴明が用いた陰陽道の秘伝書として、鎌倉時代末期か室町時代初期に作られた書とみられている。
English: According to one legend, Hakudo shonin, an immortal mountain wizard of China, became a disciple of Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri Bodhisattva associated with wisdom, doctrine and awareness) and reached enlightenment.
Japanese: 伝説によると、中国の伯道上人という仙人が、文殊菩薩に弟子入りをして悟りを開いた。
English: Then, Hakudo shonin was given from Monju Bosatsu a book of secrets called "Monju Ketsuju Butsureki kyo", and brought it back to China, and "Monju Ketsuju Butsureki kyo" is said to be "Kinu Gyokuto shu".
Japanese: このときに文殊菩薩から授けられたという秘伝書『文殊結集仏暦経』を中国に持ち帰ったが、その書が『金烏玉兎集』であるという。
English: Also, "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" (The Tale of Times Now Past) describes that Makibi used Onmyodo to appease the raging spirit of FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu who killed Genbo, while in "Hoki sho", Makibi was regarded as a founder of Japanese Onmyodo, as he brought the Onmyo book "Hoki Naiden" to Japan.
Japanese: その他、『今昔物語集』では、玄昉を殺害した藤原広嗣の霊を真備が陰陽道の術で鎮めたとし、『刃辛抄』では、陰陽書『刃辛内伝』を持ち来たらしたとして、真備を日本の陰陽道の祖としている。
English: In "Uji Shui Monogatari" (a collection of the Tales from Uji), Makibi is described as a person who stole an ambitious dream of someone else, and for which, he could move up the promotional ladder to Udaijin.
Japanese: 『宇治拾遺物語』では、他人の夢を盗んで自分のものとし、そのために右大臣まで登ったという説話もある。
English: Michitsune MISHIMA (June 26, 1835 - October 23, 1888) was a Japanese samurai who was a feudal retainer of Satsuma clan and a bureaucrat in prewar Ministry of Home Affairs.
Japanese: 三島通庸（みしまみちつね、1835年6月26日（天保6年6月1日(旧暦)）-1888年（明治21年）10月23日）は、日本の武士・薩摩藩士、内務省(日本)官僚。
English: When he was at office of Kenrei (prefectural governor), he was called with a familiar name of 'Kenrei of public work' or 'Oni (ogre) Kenrei', as he aggressively pushed public works (engineering works) ahead over residents' opposition.
Japanese: 県令時代は、住民の反対を押し切り強引に土木工事を進める手法から、「土木県令」や「鬼県令」の俗称で呼ばれた。
English: The Mishima family had a long tradition of being the domain's instructor of tsuzumi (drum) for generations but it was unsatisfactory for Michitsune, and he studied military science under Masaharu IJICHI as well as learning Jigenryu school (one of ancient kenjutsu (swordplay) styles passed down in Satsuma Domain and neighboring area).
Japanese: 三島家は代々藩の鼓指南役の家柄であったが、通庸は飽き足らずに示現流を学ぶとともに伊地知正治より兵学を学んだ。
English: However, he was selected for Jinba Bugyo (Magistrate of inspection of battleground, and deployment and positioning of military capability) by the lord of the domain, Tadayoshi SHIMAZU and he showed remarkable service in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, leading konidatai (caravan of men and animals carrying supplies).
Japanese: しかし、のちに藩主島津忠義によって人馬奉行に抜擢され、鳥羽伏見の戦いでは小荷駄隊を率いて活躍した。
English: After the Boshin War, he filled posts of Minji Bugyo (Magistrate of civil affair) and Jito (manager and lord of manor) of Miyakonojo City, Hyuga Province and he participated in reformation of domain duties and performed great services in society controlling fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes).
Japanese: 戊辰戦争後は藩政改革に参加し、民事奉行や日向都城市の地頭など不平士族等を治める功績を残した。
English: Starting with a personnel in Tokyo-fu Prefecture (a councilor) to a Taijo (Senior Secretary) in Kyobusho (the Ministry of Religion), he successively filled posts of Kenrei of several prefectures, including Sakata Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture, the head of engineering bureau (served concurrently as Kenrei) in prewar Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police commissioner.
Japanese: 東京府職員（参事）から教部省（大丞）を皮切りに、酒田県・山形県・福島県・栃木県の各県令、内務省(日本)土木局長（県令と兼任）、警視総監を歴任した。
English: The protest was against Kenrei and government officials from former feudal domain, who imposed tax and royaku (labor service) no different from former feudal domain period, ignoring a proclamation by the central government.
Japanese: これは、旧藩時代からの県令や官吏が、中央の布告を無視して旧藩時代同様の税と労役を課したことに対する農民の反抗であった。
English: In August 1875, Sakata Prefecture became Tsuruoka Prefecture and in the next year Tsuruoka Prefecture merged with Yamagata Prefecture and Okitama Prefecture to become Yamagata Prefecture.
Japanese: 酒田県は1875年（明治8年）8月に鶴岡県になり、翌年には山形県・置賜県と合併して山形県となった。
English: Yamagata region had stronger connections with Osaka rather than with Tokyo until the end of Edo period, through ship transportation via the Sea of Japan and Mogami-gawa River.
Japanese: 江戸時代までの山形地域は、日本海と最上川を経由する舟運により、江戸よりも大坂と強く結びついていた。
English: However, when land transportation became important in Meiji period, land routes to Tokyo were developed.
Japanese: しかし明治時代に陸運が重視されると、陸路による東京までの交通整備が進められた。
English: Construction of Kuriko-kaido Road, called Bansei Tairo (a main thoroughfare) that connected Yonezawa and Fukushima was finished in 1880, and Sekiyama-kaido Road that connected Yamagata and Sendai was finished in 1882.
Japanese: 1880年（明治13年）に米沢、福島間に萬世大路こと栗子街道を、1882年（明治15年）には山形、仙台間に関山街道を完成させた。
English: Products of Yamagata were transported to Fukushima and Sendai via land transportation and then transport routes to Tokyo, such as Oshu-kaido Road and railway, were established.
Japanese: こうして山形県の産物が陸路で福島や仙台に出て、ついで奥州街道や鉄道による東京への輸送路が確立した。
English: Tunnel construction works, including Kurikoyama-zuido Tunnel (later Kuriko Tunnel) and Sekiyama-zuido Tunnel (Sekiyama Tunnel), and many bridge construction works were carried out.
Japanese: 栗子山隧道（後の栗子トンネル）、関山隧道（関山トンネル）等のトンネル工事、多数の橋梁工事が行われた。
English: Also Tokiwa-bashi Bridge (Yamagata Prefecture) was constructed over Su-kawa (酢川) River (present Su-kawa (須川) River (Yamagata Prefecture)) at Ushu-kaido Road.
Japanese: また、羽州街道の酢川（現：須川(山形県)）に石造の常磐橋(山形県)を作った。
English: For architectures, he constructed many buildings in large scale for the time, such as prefectural offices, hospitals and schools.
Japanese: 建築では、県庁・病院・学校などを当時としては大きな規模で多数作った。
English: The main building of former Saiseikan Hospital (important cultural heritage), former government office of Higashimurayama County and former government office of Higashitagawa County still exist today.
Japanese: 現存するものに旧済生館病院本館（重要文化財）・旧東村山郡役所・旧東田川郡役所。
English: There are many buildings built in Gi-yofu architecture in Tohoku region, as toryo (master builder) who engaged in the constructions followed the same style.
Japanese: 作業に従事した棟梁たちがその後も形式を踏襲したため、東北地方には多数の擬洋風建築が存在することとなった。
English: Mishima supported a Western-style painter Yuichi TAKAHASHI and made Yuichi paint pictures of architectures and view of the city that he constructed to pride himself on his achievements.
Japanese: 三島は洋画家高橋由一を援助し、自らが作らせた建築物や都市の景観を絵に描かせて業績を誇った。
English: MISHIMA was arrogant toward the people and the measures he took against criticism were nothing but oppression, such as forcible taxation, the imposition of royaku (labor service) and forcing donations.
Japanese: 三島は人民に対しては傲岸な態度で臨み、強引な課税や労役賦課、寄付金強要を行なうなど、批判に対しては弾圧一辺倒であった。
English: In 1882, he was appointed to Kenrei of Fukushima Prefecture where power of Liberal Party, which promoted Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), was enormous and he started oppression.
Japanese: 1882年（明治15年）、自由民権運動を推進する自由党勢力が盛んな福島県に県令として着任して弾圧を開始した。
English: He imposed heavy taxation and compulsory royaku and expropriated land for road construction.
Japanese: そして建設のための重税や労役を義務付け、また道路用地を収用などの負担を強いた。
English: Although the construction of the roads were completed, the mainstay of land transportation had already shifted to railways and road development became out of date.
Japanese: 道路は完成したものの、陸運の中心が鉄道に切り替わったために街道整備は時代遅れになっていた。
English: The then chieftain of Liberal Party, Hironaka KONO banned outright confrontation, but he finally was arrested and imprisoned because of Fukushima Incident.
Japanese: 自由党の首領・河野広中は激発を戒めたが、ついに福島事件で逮捕・投獄された。
English: While he was taking office as Kenrei of Tochigi Prefecture (1884), Kabasan Incident, where a Liberal Party member plotted assassination of MISHIMA, happened.
Japanese: 栃木県令時代（1884年）、自由党員が三島の暗殺を謀った加波山事件が起こった。
English: The incident tells that Mishima's oppression was a formidable barrier to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
Japanese: このことからも、三島による弾圧がいかに自由民権運動にとって障害となっていたかを窺うことができる。
English: On December 25, 1887, hoan jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order), which aimed to remove 'security risk' from neighboring area of Imperial Palace was issued as an imperial edict, as Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), including Daido Danketsu Movement and Sandai Jiken Kenpaku Movement, heated up.
Japanese: 1887年（明治20年）12月25日、三大事件建白運動や大同団結運動など自由民権運動の高揚に対し、皇居付近から「危険人物」を排除する事を目的とした保安条例が勅令によって公布された。
English: Prime Minister of the time, Hirobumi ITO was against the regulation and Minister of Home Affairs (Japan), Aritomo YAMAGATA was also taking passive stand, but Mishima actively promoted the regulation.
Japanese: 当時の首相伊藤博文は条例に反対であり、内務大臣(日本)山縣有朋も消極的な態度であったものの、三島は条例を積極的に推進していたとされる。
English: He was enthusiastic about cultivation of provinces and he established Chokosha (later Mishima Farm) in Nasunogahara, Tochigi Prefecture.
Japanese: 地方の開墾に熱意を示し、栃木県那須野ヶ原の肇耕社（後の三島農場）を開設した。
English: Making his eldest son, Yataro President and his 14 followers, who had close relationship with him, shareholders, he recruited immigrants who would live in the provinces and cultivate.
Japanese: 弥太郎を社長、親交の深い部下14名を株主として入植者を募集して開墾に従事させた。
English: Demarcation of the time still remains and many of residents, who lived there for long time, are descendants of immigrants from the start of the cultivation.
Japanese: 当時の区割りが現在も残っており、古くからの住人には開墾当初の入植者の子孫が多い。
English: Nasu canal, which was essential to the cultivation, was recreated in the premises of Nasunogahara Museum founded recently.
Japanese: 近年設置された那須野が原博物館の敷地には、開墾に必須であった那須疎水も再現されている。
English: In 1884, while he was the Kenrei of Tochigi Prefecture, MISHIMA developed Shiobara-kaido Road and built a villa in Shiobara at the same time.
Japanese: 栃木県令時代の1884年、三島は塩原街道を開発整備し、同時に塩原に別荘を構えた。
English: Taking this opportunity, Viscount Mishima presented the villa to the Imperial Family in 1904 and it came to be called 'Shiobara Goyotei' and used mainly for summer exodus of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: これを契機として1904年、三島子爵家は別荘を献上して「塩原御用邸」となり、主に避暑のため愛用された。
English: In 1948, the villa was granted as an Imperial gift for a welfare facility of Ministry of Health and Welfare, and presently the site is used as National Shiobara Visual Disabilities Institution.
Japanese: 1948年に厚生省所管の厚生施設として下賜され、現在の跡地は国立塩原視力障害センターとして利用されている。
English: Only former Gozasho (a room for a noble person) was relocated and reconstructed as 'Emperor's Room Memorial Park' (a tangible cultural asset designated by Tochigi Prefecture) and is opened to public.
Japanese: 旧御座所のみ移築されて「天皇の間記念公園」（栃木県有形文化）として公開されている。
English: Many friends and followers gathered to pay their last tribute to him and he passed away on October 23, 1888.
Japanese: そして同年10月23日、見舞いに訪れた多くの部下・友人たちに見取られこの世を去った。
English: The names of every single person who visited him in the hospital from the day of hospitalization to the day of his death as well as every attendee of the funeral and the first anniversary ceremony of his death, are recorded.
Japanese: 入院から死の当日までの見舞い客、葬儀・1周忌の参列者まで一人ひとりの名前が記録されている。
English: His second daughter, Mineko got married to the second son of OKUBO, Nobuaki MAKINO (whose daughter, Yukiko got married to Shigeru YOSHIDA and therefore Taro ASO is MAKINO's great-great-great-grandchild).
Japanese: 二女峰子は大久保の次男牧野伸顕に嫁いだ（牧野伸顕の娘雪子は吉田茂に嫁いでおり、従って麻生太郎は来孫にあたる）。
English: His eldest son Yataro MISHIMA became the eighth Governor of the Bank of Japan, his third son Yahiko MISHIMA became a member of the Japan's first Olympic team and his grand son Michiharu MISHIMA became the fourth President of Scout Association of Japan.
Japanese: 長男三島彌太郎は第8代日本銀行総裁、三男の三島弥彦は日本初のオリンピック代表選手、孫の三島通陽は第4代ボーイスカウト日本連盟総長を務めた。
English: SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro (year of birth unknown - May 15, 649) was a member of powerful clan in the Asuka period.
Japanese: 蘇我倉山田石川麻呂（そがのくらのやまだのいしかわのまろ、生年不詳-大化5年3月25日(旧暦)（649年5月15日））は飛鳥時代の豪族。
English: He was a child of SOGA no Kuramaro, who was a child of SOGA no Umako, and had Soga no Emishi as his uncle and SOGA no Iruka as his cousin.
Japanese: 蘇我馬子の子である蘇我倉麻呂の子であり、蘇我蝦夷は伯父、蘇我入鹿は従兄弟に当たる。
English: In 645, when Emperor Tenchi conspired with FUJIWARA no Kamatari to kill Iruka (the Murder in the Year of Isshi), he read out the memorial recieved from the Korean messenger to the Emperor as a signal of the assassination.
Japanese: 皇極天皇4年（645年）、天智天皇が藤原鎌足と共謀して入鹿の誅殺をはかった際に（乙巳の変）、その暗殺の合図となる朝鮮使の上表文を大極殿で読み上げた。
English: It is said that at that time, since the assassination was not carried out quickly, he trembled while reading out the sentences and started sweating.
Japanese: その時、暗殺がなかなか実行されなかったため、文を読み上げながら震えて冷や汗をかいたと言われる。
English: When Iruka began having the suspicion, he asked "why are you trembling?" and Ishikawamaro answered "because I am in front of Emperor."
Japanese: そのことを不審に思った入鹿に「何故震えている」と問われたが、石川麻呂は「帝の御前だからです」と答えた。
English: One theory states that Furuhito no Oe no Miko's statement "Karahito killed Kuratsukuri (Iruka)"('韓人殺鞍作臣') which he gave when he escaped after the assassination of SOGA no Iruka implies that Karahito indicates SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro since his ancestor had shared the name Karahito.
Japanese: 蘇我入鹿暗殺後、脱出した古人大兄皇子が述べた「韓人（からひと）、鞍作（入鹿）を殺しつ」（「韓人殺鞍作臣」）の韓人は、先祖にその名を持つ、蘇我倉山田石川麻呂を指すという説もある。
English: In 649, when Ishikawamaro was about to cause the rebellion, he was betrayed by his half brother SOGA no Himuka, and since troops were sent by Emperor Kotoku, he committed suicide in Yamada-dera Temple with his eldest son SOGA no Kogoshi, his wife and his children.
Japanese: 大化5年（649年）、異母弟の蘇我日向に石川麻呂が謀反を起こそうとしていると密告されて孝徳天皇により兵が派遣されたため、長男の蘇我興志ら妻子と共に山田寺で自害した。
English: His daughter Ochi no Iratsume became Prince Naka no Oe no Oji's wife and gave birth to 5 children; Princess Ota (Princess Oku who became Ise Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) and Prince Otsu's mother), Princess Uno no Sarara (later became Empress Jito), Prince Takeru (died young) and Mei no Iratsume who gave birth to Princess Minabe (became Imperial Princess Minabe, a wife of Prince Takechi and Prince Nagaya's mother) and Princess Ahe (later became Empress Genmei and Prince Kusakabe's wife).
Japanese: 中大兄皇子の妃となった娘遠智娘は、大田皇女（伊勢斎宮となった大来皇女、大津皇子の母）、鸕野讚良皇女（後の持統天皇）、建皇子（夭逝）を、またもう一人の娘姪娘は御名部皇女（御名部内親王。
English: Judging from the name, there is also a theory that claims Soganoishikawa no Sukune who was thought to be the founder of the Soga clan to be a fictitious person created by Ishikawamaro or his descendants.
Japanese: 蘇我氏の祖とされる蘇我石川宿禰は名前から見て、石川麻呂もしくはその子孫が創作した架空の人物であるとする説もある。
English: MINAMOTO no Yorikata (year of birth unknown - August 24, 1156) was a Japanese military commander of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) who lived during the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 源頼賢（みなもとのよりかた、生年未詳-保元元年7月30日(旧暦)（1156年8月17日））は、平安時代末期の河内源氏の武将。
English: When Yoshitaka was killed by his nephew, Yoshihira in 1155, he went down to Shinano Province to take revenge, and invaded Emperor Toba's territory.
Japanese: 久寿2年（1155年）、義賢が甥源義平に討ち取られると、その復仇を果たすべく信濃国に下向、鳥羽天皇領を侵犯する。
English: On finding about this, the Clositered Emperor gave a command to MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo who was the father of Yoshihira and Yorikata's oldest brother, to hunt down and kill Yoritaka.
Japanese: これを知った法皇は、義平の父で頼賢の長兄にあたる源義朝に対して、頼賢追討の院宣を下す。
English: Due to this command, tensions in the Kawachi-Genji family ran high; but just before hunting down and killing Yorikata, Yoshitomo sidestepped, and Yorikata returned to Kyoto shortly afterward.
Japanese: これにより、河内源氏一族内に緊張が高まったが、直前で義朝は頼賢追討を回避、頼賢もほどなく帰京した。
English: Due to the defeat on the side of the Retired Emperor Sutoku, he was captured after the war, and was beheaded at Mt. Funaoka (Kita Ward, Kyoto City) by Yoshitomo.
Japanese: 崇徳上皇方の敗北に伴い、乱の後捕らえられ、義朝の手によって船岡山（京都市北区(京都市)）において斬首された。
English: Since his original name was Genji (Minamoto clan), his official name was MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, which was an identical name with the famous MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune from the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) as a brother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, so he was known in the 'Two Yoshitsune Theory.'
Japanese: 本姓が源氏であるため正式な姓名は源義経であり、源頼朝の弟として有名な河内源氏の源義経と同姓同名であったため「義経二人説」で知られる。
English: According to "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO was the fifth generation descendant (the fourth generation in family trees) of Shinra-Saburo Yoshimitsu (a brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie) living in Omi Province, and the lord of the Yamamotoyama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によると山本義経は新羅三郎義光（源義家の弟）の5代の跡をつぐ家系（系図類では4代）の近江国住人で、山本山城（滋賀県東浅井郡湖北町）の城主。
English: In 1176, he was banished to Sadoga-shima Island for murdering a priest of Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 安元2年（1176年）、延暦寺の僧を殺害したため佐渡島へ配流される。
English: On December 15 in the same year, going along with raising arms of the Minamoto clan in various provinces, he raised an army together with the Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) including Yoshikane KASHIWAGI (Koga Nyudo).
Japanese: 同年11月20日、諸国の源氏の旗上に同調して、弟の柏木義兼（甲賀入道）ら近江源氏とともに兵を挙げる。
English: He attacked FUJIWARA no Kageie, a powerful retainer of the Taira family, and his servants, who were on the way to Ise Province, at Seta and Noji in Omi province, and cut off and gibbeted his head at Kara-hashi Bridge in Seta.
Japanese: 近江国の勢多・野路で伊勢国に向かう途中の平氏有力家人藤原景家とその郎党たちの一行を襲撃し、討ち取った首を瀬田の唐橋に晒している。
English: The troops of Kageie killed Prince Mochihito, who raised an army for overturning the Taira clan and was defeated, so Yoshitsune virtually avenged the Prince.
Japanese: 景家の軍勢は打倒平氏の兵を挙げたのち敗れた以仁王を討ち取っており、義経はいわば王の仇を討った事になる。
English: The Omi forces including Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO and Yoshikane KASHIWAGI held Lake Biwa with their navy, and built a float bridge at Seta using small boats and rafts to stop transportation of nengu (annual tribute) from Hokurikudo region.
Japanese: 山本義経・柏木義兼ら近江勢は水軍をもって琵琶湖をおさえ、また小舟や筏を使って勢田に浮橋をかけて北陸道からの年貢の輸送を止めた。
English: Although Koga Nyudo wanted to attack Kyoto immediately, the envoy of the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) (which had cooperated with the uprising) restrained this, saying they didn't have enough military force yet.
Japanese: 甲賀入道は早々に京へ打ち入ろうと欲したが（蜂起に協力していた）甲斐源氏の使者がまだ兵力が足りないとして、これを止めたという。
English: On December 30, 3000 horse soldiers of the Omi and Mino Genji (Minamoto clan), and 2000 of the Taira clan had a fight, and then the Omi and Mino Genji (Minamoto clan) were dispersed.
Japanese: 12月5日に近江・美濃源氏の3000騎と平氏軍2000騎が合戦して、近江・美濃源氏は追い散らされた。
English: Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO holed up in Mii-dera Temple with joining hands with the followers of Enryaku-ji Temple, and made a night attack to Rokuhara.
Japanese: 山本義経は延暦寺宗徒と合力して三井寺に立て篭もり、六波羅へ夜討をしかけた。
English: The Omi forces holed up in Yamamotoyama-jo Castle, the base of Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO, which fell by the attack of TAIRA no Tomomori and Sukemori on January 10 ("Gyokuyo," see the details in Offense and Defence in Omi Province).
Japanese: 近江勢は山本義経の本拠である山本山城に篭城するが、12月16日に知盛・平資盛に攻められ落城(『玉葉』詳細は近江攻防)。
English: Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO ran away, and under the conduct of Sanehira DOI, he had an audience with MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in Kamakura City, and he was granted 'Kanto Shiko (attendance in Kanto)' (Azuma Kagami).
Japanese: 山本義経は逃れて、土肥実平の案内で鎌倉市の源頼朝に拝謁して「関東祗候」を許された(吾妻鏡)。
English: "Azuma Kagami" mentions the fall of the castle was on December 26, and the arrival in Kamakura was on January 4, which has discrepancy with the record of "Gyokuyo."
Japanese: なお、『吾妻鏡』では落城は12月1日、鎌倉参着は12月10日になっており、『玉葉』との記録の混乱がある。
English: According to the description of "Gyokuyo," the record of the day, from the late December to early January, the Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) including Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO was in the middle of the battle against the tsuitoshi, so some say that the articles in "Azuma Kagami" on the fall of the castle on December 4 and the meeting with Yoritomo on January 4 are not trustworthy.
Japanese: 当時の記録である『玉葉』の記載をおくならば12月上旬は山本義経他の近江源氏は平氏の追討使と交戦中であり、『吾妻鏡』の12月1日の落城ならびに12月10日条の頼朝の対面という記事は信用がおけないという説もある。
English: In 1183, Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO left Yoritomo, and entered Kyoto, joining the army of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）、山本義経は頼朝の元を離れて源義仲の軍に加わり入京。
English: When Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who hid himself from the Taira clan and fled to Mt. Hiei, went back to the capital, Nishigori Kaja Yoshitaka, a son of Yoshitsune, escorted him.
Japanese: 平氏から身を隠して比叡山に逃れた後白河法皇が都に戻る際、義経の子錦部冠者義高が警護している。