nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In order to strengthen defensive capability, small kuruwas, such as an obikuruwa and a koshikuruwa, were sometimes built around the major kuruwas, such as the honmaru.
Japanese: 防御力強化の目的で、本丸などの主要な曲輪の周りに帯曲輪（おびくるわ）や腰曲輪（こしくるわ）などの小曲輪を配置する事があった。
English: In addition, other kuruwas were also built, such as a demaru, which was built independently of other kuruwas, and an umadashi, which was built in front of a koguchi (the entrance of the castle) to protect it.
Japanese: そのほか、他より独立した形で配置される出丸（でまる）や、主に虎口を防御する目的でその前面に配置される馬出（うまだし）などもある。
English: While kuruwas were called "—kuruwa", "—maru", etc., depending on their purposes, the names varied depending on the period and region.
Japanese: それぞれの曲輪は、その用途によって「○○曲輪」「○○丸」などと呼ばれ、時代・地域によって名称は異なってくる。
English: It is suspected that this naming is originated from the fact that in a book on strategy, it is described that "a castle is called a maru because a small circular castle is most appropriate to defend".
Japanese: それは軍学書に「城は小円を善とすること、城取の習とぞ、此故に丸とは呼ぶ也」等に記されたことによるらしい。
English: Some of them include a renritsu style tenshu (tower grouping) and others include a renketsu style tenshu (linked tower complex).
Japanese: 連立式天守や、連結式天守等の形式によって隔てられてできた曲輪である。
English: Larger sized ninomarus sometimes included living quarters, such as a ninomaru-goten.
Japanese: 規模の大きなものには、二の丸御殿などの居住空間が置かれることがあった。
English: These types of kuruwas increased the time taken by the enemy to reach the major kuruwas and allowed the defenders to attack the enemy advantageously.
Japanese: こうした曲輪は、敵が主要な曲輪に達するまでの時間稼ぎとなり、また防御側にとって有利に攻撃ができた。
English: However, kuruwas of yamajiros built in the middle ages were not suitable for a gun-shooting battle, because once a kuruwa is captured by the enemy, the next kuruwa often comes within the range of the enemy's fire.
Japanese: しかし、ひとつの曲輪が制圧されると、次の曲輪が射程に入ってしまうことが多く、中世の山城の曲輪は、鉄砲を用いた戦いに向いていなかった。
English: It is an independent kuruwa provided to enhance the defensive capability of the castle, to strengthen vulnerable spots or structures, and to enable observation.
Japanese: 城郭の防御能力の強化・弱点の補強・物見などの目的で作られる独立した曲輪。
English: One example is the "Sanadamaru", which was built to the south of the sokuruwa of Osaka-jo Castle by Nobushige SANADA (Yukimura SANADA) during the Osaka Winter Campaign.
Japanese: 大坂冬の陣に際して、大坂城総曲輪の南側に真田信繁（真田幸村）が造った「真田丸」などがある。
English: During the Edo period, because the Buke Shohatto basically prohibited expansion of castles, large "daimyo gardens", which can serve as a demaru, were built, such as Korakuen of Okayama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 江戸時代になると武家諸法度により城郭の増築が原則として禁止されたため、岡山城の後楽園のように出丸の機能を併せ持つ大規模な大名庭園が築造される様になった。
English: In addition to simply making it difficult for the enemy to enter the castle grounds, it also functions as a shooting position to allow the defenders to protect the koguchi.
Japanese: 単純に敵の虎口への侵入を困難にする目的の他に、一種の射撃陣地として虎口の防御を有利にする。
English: Umadashis widely vary in size from a small one built only by constructing earthworks, which is not worth calling an umadashi, to a huge one, such as those of Nagoya-jo Castle, Shinoyama-jo Castle, and Hiroshima-jo Castle.
Japanese: 土塁を築いただけの曲輪とは言いがたい小さなものから、名古屋城・篠山城・広島城のように巨大なものまで存在する。
English: Umadashis can be roughly classified into two categories; semicircular ones are called "maruumadashi" and rectangular ones are called "kakuumadashi."
Japanese: 大きく分けて半円形のものを「丸馬出」、方形のものを「角馬出」と呼ぶ。
English: Maizuru City local history museum is a history museum specializing in the history of Maizuru City, located on the second floor of the Maizuru City civic hall, Kitatanabe, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 舞鶴市郷土資料館（まいづるしきょうどしりょうかん）は、京都府舞鶴市北田辺の舞鶴市民会館の2階にある舞鶴市の歴史を語る資料館。
English: As a facility for storing and exhibiting the cultural heritage of the Maizuru area, it is an exhibition hall which exhibits the history of Maizuru City from ancient times to the present day, by displaying historical articles, such as earthenware and stoneware excavated at ruins in the city and old documents from families of pedigree, for each separate period.
Japanese: 舞鶴地域の文化遺産を保存・展示する施設として、市内の遺跡から発掘された土器や石器、旧家の古文書などが、時代別に陳列されており、古代から現在までの舞鶴の歴史を伝える展示場である。
English: In the hundred-square-meter exhibition room, there are exhibited a large number of excavated articles, such as burial jars and earrings made of clay excavated at "Kuwagaishimo site"; which describe life in the Jomon period, swords manufactured in the Tumulus period; wood slips which were attached to articles to be conveyed to the capital city in the Asuka period; etc.
Japanese: 約100平方m2の展示室には、縄文時代の暮らしぶりを示す「桑飼下遺跡」から出た埋葬用のかめや、土製の耳飾りをはじめ、古墳時代の刀、飛鳥時代に都へ納める品物に付けた木簡などの出土品も数多く展示されている。
English: Furthermore, precious materials such as Itoi-bunko stored in a special storage area can also be viewed.
Japanese: また、特別収蔵庫に保管する糸井文庫などの貴重な資料も閲覧することができる。
English: Gunze Museum is a museum located in Aono Town, Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: グンゼ博物苑（はくぶつえん）とは、京都府綾部市青野町にある博物館である。
English: The museum was opened in 1996 by Gunze Limited, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the company, which was founded in Ayabe City in 1896.
Japanese: 綾部市にて1896年に創立されたグンゼが創立100周年にあたる1996年、設立した。
English: It is a memorial hall on the history of Gunze and silk yarn production, which was the major industry in the Ikaruga-gun period and was also the business field of the company when it was founded.
Japanese: 創業時の業務であり、何鹿郡時代の主要産業であった蚕糸業についてや、グンゼの歴史についての記念館。
English: The museum is housed in an old European style building, which was used as the headquarters of Gunze-seishi Co., Ltd., built in 1917.
Japanese: 大正6年（1917年）に建設された西洋館の旧郡是製糸本館本社事務所を使用している
English: It exhibits and introduces the history of Gunze, which was founded in 1896, and both historical materials and nishiki-e (wood block prints in full color) on sericulture and silk reeling.
Japanese: 明治29年（1896年）創業したグンゼの社史と養蚕と製糸に関する資料、錦絵を展示、紹介する。
English: The memorial hall is located to the left of the headquarters building of Gunze built in 1933, to the right of the main gate of the Gunze main factory built in 1917, and opposite the building of Gunze Museum (old cocoon warehouse) built in the early Taisho period.
Japanese: -昭和8年築のグンゼ本社屋の左隣、大正6年築のグンゼ・本工場正門の右隣、大正初期築のグンゼ博物苑（旧繭蔵）の向かいに位置する。
English: The nagare-zukuri style, which is represented by Kamowakeikazuchi-jinja Shrine (Kamigamo-jinja Shrine) and Kamomioya-jinja Shrine (Shimogamo-jinja Shrine), is an advanced variation of the Shinmei-zukuri style, which is represented by Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 賀茂別雷神社（上賀茂神社）、賀茂御祖神社（下鴨神社）に代表される流造は、伊勢神宮に代表される神明造から発展した。
English: The style is characterized by a long-extending, curved front slope of the warped roof, which constitutes a kohai (eave).
Japanese: 屋根が反り、屋根が前に曲線形に長く伸びて向拝（こうはい、庇）となったもの。
English: The nagare-zukuri style employs a kirizuma-zukuri/hirairi structure, and its roof forms a graceful curve similar to that of taisha-zukuri style.
Japanese: 流造の構造は、切妻造・平入であり、屋根には大社造同様の優美な曲線が与えられる。
English: The roof is characterized by a long curve which smoothly extends forward from the minoko (curved surface portion for adjustment) to the kohai.
Japanese: 前面に長く流れるように伸びる蓑甲（みのこう）から向拝にかけての曲線を強調する。
English: When the ketayuki (the distance between columns in the width direction) is one ken (1.8182 m) (the number of columns is two), it is called ikkensha-nagare-zukuri style, and when the distance is three kens (5.4546 m), it is called sangensha-nagare-zukuri style (the number of columns is four).
Japanese: 桁行（横に並んだ柱の間）が1間であれば（柱が2本）一間社流造、3間であれば（柱が4本）三間社流造という。
English: The sogamae is a castle or fort's outer enclosure or the area that the enclosure surrounds.
Japanese: 総構え（そうがまえ）は、城や砦の外郭（がいかく）、またはその囲まれた内部のこと。
English: In addition to the castle itself, the term refers to the entire Japanese castle structure surrounding the castle town with the outer wall, moat or Dorui (earthwork).
Japanese: 特に、城のほか城下町一帯も含めて外周を堀や城壁、土塁で囲い込んだ、日本の城郭構造をいう。
English: The word "soguruwa" is also used.
Japanese: 惣構（そうがまえ）、総曲輪（そうぐるわ）、総郭（そうぐるわ）ともいう。
English: Unlike in Continental Asai, walled towns did not develop in Japan with only a few exceptions partly because different races seldom invaded Japan and partly because most of the land is covered with mountains; 'Josaku' (official defense sites) constructed as military defense facilities and 'Yakata', or worriers' residences armed with moats and wooden framed stages, developed into mountain castles during the Middle Ages.
Japanese: 日本では異民族の侵入が少なかったことや山地が国土の大半を占めることなどから、大陸に見られるような城壁都市は一部を除いて発展せず、野戦用の防御施設として作られた「城柵」や武士の居館を堀や櫓で防備した「館（やかた、たて、たち）」が、中世には山城へと発展した。
English: As castles developed up until the early modern period from being simply military installations to serving as political centers of government, defensive lines were constructed further outside to take over the role of those functional components (inner castle) that had previously served to defend the castle town and retainers.
Japanese: 近世にいたり、城郭が単なる軍事拠点のみならず政治的統治拠点としての役割を持つようになると、城下町や家臣団防備の目的で従来の城の機能的構成部分（内郭）から、さらにもう一重外側に防御線が設けられるようになった。
English: The word "castle"usually means the inner castle, while the precise boundaries of the sogamae, the outer castle, were unclear since they included natural geographical features (mountains and rivers).
Japanese: 普通、「城」という場合は、内郭のみを指し、外郭である総構えは天然の地勢（山・河川）をも含むため、どこまでをいうのか不明瞭なものもあった。
English: However, when the term, outer moat, was simply used, this might refer to the sogamae moat itself or the outward moat of the castle.
Japanese: ただし単に外堀と言った場合は、総構え堀を指す場合と本城の外側の堀を指す場合とがある。
English: The sogamae of Odawara Castle, stronghold of the Late Hojo clan, is extremely large with the castle town surrounded by an approximately 9km long dry moat and an embankment.
Japanese: 後北条氏の拠点、小田原城の総構えは2里半（約9km）に及ぶ空堀と土塁で城下町全体を囲む長大なものであった。
English: The outer enclosure of Osaka Castle also measured approximately 9km in length and during the Siege of Osaka, the Demaru (Sanadamaru) branch castle was built outside of the south gate of the outer wall; it is said that the Demaru prevented the Tokugawa forces from coming within the outer wall at all.
Japanese: 大坂城の外郭も周囲2里の長さで、大坂冬の陣では外郭南門の外側に出丸が造られ（真田丸）、徳川方は外郭内に1歩も侵入できなかったという。
English: During the Edo period, Edo Castle had the largest outer enclosure, and the spiral arrangement of its moat, stone wall and fence contained the whole of Edo city.
Japanese: また江戸時代の江戸城外郭は最大で、堀・石垣・塀が渦状に配されて江戸市街の全てを囲んでいた。
English: A typical sogamae could be considered to be a moat and wall that encloses an entire city as can be seen in Chinese castles and medieval European cities.
Japanese: 総構えの典型は、中国の城や中世欧州の都市のように、都市全域を囲む堀と塁（城壁）にみることができる。
English: The medieval city of Sakai was prepared for defense by being surrounded by a moat 3m deep and 10m wide on three sides and a wooden door.
Japanese: 中世都市の堺市は三方を深さ3ｍ、幅10ｍ程の濠で囲み、木戸を設けて防御に備えていた。
English: "Odoi," earthworks for defence and potection from a flood, in Kyoto was also an archetypal sogamae with a total length of 22.4km and its structural remnants can be seen.
Japanese: 今でも遺構を見ることが出来る京都市の「御土居」も典型的な総構えであり総延長は5里26町余（22.4km）にも及んだ。
English: The ruin of the Itami Castle in Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture, has been determined to be the oldest sogamae remain in Japan, and is a nationally designated historic site.
Japanese: 現在判明している総構えの最古の遺構は、兵庫県伊丹市にある伊丹城（伊丹城）趾で、国指定の史跡となっている。
English: The Arioka Castle was named the Itami Castle since it was constructed by the Itami clan during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) but Murashige ARAKI had the structure renovated, a sogamae constructed, and the name of the castle was changed into the Arioka Castle during the Tensho era (1573-1592).
Japanese: 有岡城は、南北朝時代(日本)に伊丹氏により築城され伊丹城と称したが、天正年間に荒木村重により改修され総構えとなり有岡城と改称した。
English: Masutomi Geology Museum is a foundation located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 財団法人益富地学会館（ざいだんほうじんますとみちがくかいかん）は、京都市上京区にある財団法人。
English: Ancient structural remnants of the Honmaru (the keep of the castle) are located at the top of Sakato-yama Mountain, and those of residences used in peacetime can be found at the foot of the mountain.
Japanese: 坂戸山山頂（標高634メートル）に本丸、麓に平時の住居跡の遺構が見られる。
English: It is known that the castle is connected to the Ueda Nagao family, and the castle is also famous as the one that Masakage NAGAO, Kagekatsu UESUGI and Kanetsugu NAOE used as a base.
Japanese: 上田長尾家ゆかりの城として知られており、長尾政景や上杉景勝、直江兼続の居城として名高い。
English: It is known that after Kagekatsu UESUGI was moved to Aizu and the Hori clan moved to Echigo, Naoyori HORI became the lord of the castle.
Japanese: また上杉景勝が会津へ移され、かわって堀氏が越後に入ると、堀直寄が坂戸城主を務めたことで知られる。
English: In the medieval period, Ueda-sho Manor was in the southern part of Uonuma County (present Minami-Uonuma County), and around the Kamakura Period, the area was under the control of the Nitta clan of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) line.
Japanese: 中世越後の魚沼郡南部（南魚沼郡）には上田荘があり、鎌倉時代頃には清和源氏流新田氏一族の勢力下にあった。
English: Although it is supposed that a castle had already been built on Sakato-yama Mountain at this time, placed at the center of the manor, it is considered that it was in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) or later that the castle was constructed on a large scale.
Japanese: 当時、荘の中心を扼する坂戸山に城郭が築かれていたものとも推定されるが、本格的な造営は南北朝時代(日本)にはいって以降のことと考えられている。
English: In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Uesugi clan supported the Northern Court and ousted the Nitta clan and others who supported the Southern Court from the southern part of Echigo Province.
Japanese: 南北朝動乱において、北朝方に立った上杉氏は、越後国南部から南朝方に属した新田氏らを放逐した。
English: Following this, a family member of Takakage NAGAO, a vassal of Noriaki, came to own Ueda-sho Manor between 1352 and 1355, called himself of the UEDA NAGAO clan and used the castle on Sakato-yama Mountain as his base.
Japanese: その家臣長尾高景の一族の者が、文和年間（1352年-1355年）に上田荘を領し、上田長尾氏を称して、坂戸山を居城にした。
English: After this, the UEDA NAGAO clan, together with the Nagao clan, who were the Shugodai (deputy of the Shugo), occupied important positions in Echigo Province.
Japanese: こののち上田長尾氏は、守護代の長尾氏とならんで越後国に枢要な位置を占めた。
English: The Sakato-jo castle which the clan used as its base played important roles because of the following reasons: It was located at a place enabling the control of overland traffic connecting Echigo-Fuchu (present Naoetsu area of Joetsu City) and the Kanto Plain, was located at a strategic place for traffic using the Uono-gawa River and was also at a strategic place economically, centering on rice production in the Uonuma area.
Japanese: その居城である坂戸城は、越後府中（現在の上越市直江津地区）と関東平野を結ぶ陸上交通の抑えとして、また、魚野川を利用した河川交通の要所として、さらに魚沼の穀倉地帯を擁する経済上の要地として、重要な役割を担うこととなった。
English: In 1507, Tamekage NAGAO, the Shugodai, rallied Kokujin-shu (local samurai) in Echigo and expelled Fusayoshi UESUGI, the Shugo.
Japanese: 守護代長尾為景は、永正4年（1507年）、越後の国人衆を糾合して守護上杉房能を排斥した。
English: In 1510, Tamekage had Akisada UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), killed in the Battle of Nagamorihara, allowing him to hold sway in Echigo Province.
Japanese: 永正7年（1510年）には関東管領上杉顕定をも長森原の戦いにおいて敗死させて越後一国に覇を唱えた。
English: It is said that with Sakato-jo castle surrounded by Kenshin UESUGI, Masakage NAGAO of the UEDA NAGAO clan surrendered to Kenshin in 1551, pledging his faith to him.
Japanese: 天文(元号)20年（1551年）には上田長尾氏の長尾政景が上杉謙信に坂戸城を包囲され、謙信に誓詞を提出して、その軍門に降ったとされる。
English: After that, Masakage was successful in his life, but in 1564, he met a mysterious death while boating with Sadamitsu USAMI, the lord of Biwajima-jo Castle, who also perished.
Japanese: なお、その後、政景は立身するものの、永禄7年（1564年）、付近の野尻池にて琵琶嶋城主宇佐美定満との舟遊び中に定満とともに謎の死を遂げている。
English: After the death of Kenshin, Kagekatsu UESUGI, who was a son of Masakage and had been adopted by Kenshin, won the Otate War and became the lord of Kasugayama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 謙信の死後、政景の子で謙信の養子となっていた上杉景勝が御館の乱を制して春日山城主になった。
English: Then "Ueda-shu" (an Ueda-named group of vassals) including Kanetsugu NAOE, whose father was a vassal of Masakage, formed a group of trusted vassals of Kagekatsu.
Japanese: すると、父が政景の家臣であった直江兼続（のちの直江兼続）をはじめとする「上田衆」が景勝の直臣団を構成するようになった。
English: At the same time, Sakato-jo Castle became a strategic site for managing the territory as an important branch castle of Kasugayma-jo Castle.
Japanese: 同時に、坂戸城は、春日山城の有力な支城として領国経営の重要拠点となった。
English: In 1582, Kagekatsu fought with Nobunaga ODA's troops in an area of Ecchu Province.
Japanese: 景勝は、天正10年（1582年）に越中国方面で織田信長の軍勢と交戦した。
English: At that time, his troops also fought with those of Kazumasu TAKIGAWA who invaded Echigo from Maebashi-jo Castle in Kozuke Province, and managed to successfully defend Sakato-jo Castle.
Japanese: その際、上野国厩橋城（群馬県前橋市）から越後に侵入した滝川一益の軍勢とも戦っているが坂戸城は持ちこたえている。
English: In 1598, Kagekatsu's territory was changed to the Aizu area of Mutsu Province, and Hideharu HORI moved to Echigo from Echizen Province.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）、景勝は陸奥国の会津地方に転封となり、かわって越前国から堀秀治が越後に入部した。
English: Sakato-jo Castle was demolished after Naoyori HORI was moved to Iiyama in Shinano Province in 1610.
Japanese: 慶長15年（1610年）堀直寄が信濃国飯山に移されたのち、坂戸城は廃却された。
English: As described above, in the Muromachi Period Sakato was a strategic site as regards transport and the economy.
Japanese: 室町時代の坂戸が、交通上、経済上の要地であったことは上述の通りである。
English: In addition, since both Echigo Province and Kozuke Province were, at that period, under the control of the Yamauchi Uesugi family, who were Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), traffic between Echigo and Kanto was frequent.
Japanese: さらに同時代にあっては、越後国も上野国もともに関東管領山内上杉家の分国だったため、関越間の交通もまた頻繁だったことがある。
English: Furthermore, Ueda Ginzan Silver Mine in the Uonuma area produced the largest amount of silver in Echizo at that time.
Japanese: 当時の魚沼地方には上田銀山があって越後随一の銀の産出をほこってもいた。
English: These factors meant that, entering the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), furious battles occurred targeting the capture of this area.
Japanese: こうしたことは、戦国時代(日本)に入ると、また激しい争奪の対象ともなったことを意味していた。
English: Sakato-jo Castle was located on Sakato-yama Mountain which commanded a view of the Mikuni-kaido road across the Uono-gawa River, and was a strategic military site.
Japanese: その軍事拠点たる坂戸城は、魚野川をはさんで、三国街道を見下ろす坂戸山に立地している。
English: Sakato-yama Mountain, with a height in excess of 400 meters from its base, protrudes like a peninsula towards the place where the Uono-gawa River and the Mikuni-gawa River, both of which flow through the Muikamachi basin, meet.
Japanese: 坂戸山は、山麓との比高は400ｍを超え、六日町盆地を流れる魚野川と三国川の合流点に向かって半島状に突出している。
English: Its north, east and west sides are steep cliffs, and the Uono-gawa River flowing at the west-side of the mountain constitutes a natural moat, providing a military defense line.
Japanese: 北、東、西の三方は急崖をなし、西裾を流れる魚野川が天然の外堀として軍事上の防禦線となっている。
English: The remains of the lord's residence are rectangular, 110 meters in the east-west direction and 80 meters in the north-south direction, and the residential area was surrounded by earthworks.
Japanese: 東西110メートル、南北80メートルの城主居館跡は矩形をなし、その周囲は土塁がめぐらされている。
English: In particular, an approximately 2-meter high stone wall on the western front side remains in good condition.
Japanese: 特に西側正面には、高さ約2メートルの石垣がきわめて良好に遺存している。
English: There are remains of a moat called "Umeta" (literally, buried paddy field) between the front side of the remains of the residences of vassals and the Uono-gawa River.
Japanese: なお、家臣屋敷跡の前面、魚野川との間には「埋田」（うめた）と称される堀跡が残っている。
English: A section called "Naka-yashiki" (literally, middle residence) remains, with a length of approximately 40 meters in the east-west direction and approximately 50 meters in the north-south direction, exists in the middle of a ridge called "Yakushi-one" (Yakushi ridge) to the south of the remains of the lord's residence.
Japanese: 城主居館跡の南方、「薬師尾根」と称される尾根の中腹には「中屋敷」跡と呼ばれる東西約40メートル、南北約50メートルの区画がある。
English: In addition, the remains of the "Kami-yashiki" (literally, upper residence), with a long and narrow shape, 30 meters long in the east-west direction and 120 meters in the north-south direction, exist in the so-called "Momonoki-daira" (literally, peach tree plain), which can be reached by climbing up Ootemichi (the road to the main gate to the castle) towards the mountain ridge, to the east of the remains of the lord's residence.
Japanese: また、居館跡から東方、山上の尾根に向かう大手道を上った通称「桃の木平」には東西30メートル、南北120メートルと長狭な「上屋敷」跡がある。
English: The Honmaru (the keep of the castle), which was located near the top of Sakato-yama Mountain and was used in battles, was constructed on a flat area at 634 meters above sea level.
Japanese: 戦闘時に使用する坂戸山頂上付近の「本丸」は、標高634メートルの平坦地にあった。
English: Although not being located in such a high place, the Honmaru is supposed to have had a high military value because spring water was available even at the height of 7 go-me (70% of the height of the mountain)
Japanese: それほど高所に位置するわけではないが、湧水が7合目付近でも得られることから、戦略上の価値はきわめて高かったと推定される。
English: Remains of some of the main buildings, called "Ninomaru" (the second fortress tower) and "Sannomaru" (the third fortress tower), exist on the ridge extending to the north from the "Honmaru."
Japanese: 「本丸」から北に延びる尾根上に「二の丸」「三の丸」などと称される主要郭跡が残っている。
English: An area of flat land called "Tsumenomaru" exists in a place 631 meters above sea level at the tip of the southeast ridge, and earthwork remains can be found there.
Japanese: 南東尾根の先端、標高631メートル地点には「詰の丸」と呼称される平坦地があり、土塁が遺存している。
English: Large-scale trenches are seen at strategic points on the mountain ridge, and remains of stone walls exist on the east-side slope of the "Honmaru."
Japanese: なお、山上尾根の要所には大規模な堀切があり、また、「本丸」東方斜面には石垣が遺存する。
English: In addition, remains of the "Nishinomaru" (the west-side fortress tower) can be found at a height of 500 meters above sea level on the ridge extending from the mountain peak to the southwest.
Japanese: このほか、山頂から南西に延びる尾根の標高500メートル地点付近には「西の丸」跡がある。
English: More than 100 unejo tatebori (a series of parallel trenches running up the sides of the mountain) were constructed over approximately 2 kilometers from the "Nishinomaru" to the "Demaru" (a fortress tower built far from the main castle) at Teragahana, the tip of the ridge.
Japanese: 「西の丸」から尾根先端、寺ヶ鼻の「出丸」跡までの約2キロメートルの間に100基以上の畝状竪堀が築かれている。
English: Fuji Gongen Shrine, which was said to have been built in 1586 through Kanjo (praying for the coming of a deity) by Kanetsugu NAOE, is located at the top of the mountain.
Japanese: また、山頂には天正14年（1586年）、直江兼続の勧請によるとの伝承をもつ富士権現が祀られている。
English: The vast areas around the foot of Sakato-yama Mountain have now become hot-spring districts and urban areas of the former Muikamachi Town.
Japanese: 坂戸山の山麓周辺一帯には、現在、旧六日町の温泉街や市街地が広がっている。
English: It is said that the shinmei-zukuri style, represented by the Ise-jingu Shrine building, is one of the oldest styles of shrine architecture, together with the taisha-zukuri style, represented by the Izumo-taisha shrine building, and the Sumiyoshi-zukuri style, represented by the Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine building.
Japanese: 伊勢神宮に代表される神明造は、出雲大社に代表される大社造や住吉大社に代表される住吉造と共に、もっとも古い神社建築様式とされる。
English: It is considered that the taisha-zukuri style imitated palaces that had nearly square shapes, and the sumiyoshi-zukuri style is close to the style of the building where the Daijosai (first ceremonial offering of rice by newly-enthroned Emperor) is held.
Japanese: 大社造が正方形に近い宮殿を模したものと考えられ、住吉造が大嘗祭の建物に近似している。
English: However, it is believed that the shinmei-zukuri style, with its width longer than its depth, developed from takayukashiki-soko (warehouses on stilts) and changed so that the building became more used for keeping shinpo (sacred treasures) than storing grain.
Japanese: しかしながら、神明造は奥行きより幅が大きく、高床式倉庫から発展し穀物の代わりに神宝を納めるように変化したと考えられている。
English: The style of each main hall of the two shrines of Kotai-jingu Shrine and Toyouke Dai-jingu Shrine in Ise has not been used in any other shrines, because of concerns surrounding using the exact same style.
Japanese: なお、伊勢の神宮の皇大神宮・豊受大神宮両宮の正殿（本殿）の様式は、他社においてこれと完全に同じくするのを懼れ憚って採用していない。
English: Except the cylindrical pillars and Katsuogi (ornamental logs arranged perpendicular to the ridge of a Shinto shrine), the external view is almost completely made up of straight edges due to its flat construction.
Japanese: 円柱の柱や鰹木を除き、ほぼ全てが平面的に加工され直線的な外観となる。
English: Shingle roofs are used in almost all of the sessha (auxiliary shrines dedicated to a deity connected to that of the main shrine), subordinate shrines and the other minor shrines of Ise-jingu Shrine, and Atsuta-jingu Shrine has a copper roof.
Japanese: 伊勢神宮の摂社・末社・所管社のほぼすべては板葺であり、熱田神宮は銅葺である。
English: Because less endurable thatch or shingles are used for the roof, the angle of the roof is made steep so that rain and snow falls down the roof more easily.
Japanese: 屋根に耐久性の低い萱や板を使うため、屋根の勾配をきつくし、雨や雪が流れ落ちやすくする必要がある。