nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After that, Torataro applied to study in Europe to the upper stratum of the domain, but not permitted, and therefore, Gonrokuro himself collected money secretly to the domain and sent him from Nagasaki to Europe in April 9, 1867.
Japanese: その後、虎太郎は藩上層部にヨーロッパ留学を上申したが許可されなかったので、権六郎は藩に内密で自ら金銭を都合して慶応3年（1867年）3月5日に長崎から渡欧させたという。
English: Mochimasa IKEDA who was recommended by the Sonjo-ha party became the lord of the domain on March 26, 1863, but gradually strayed and when Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, his real older brother, became Seiitaishogun (great general), Mochimasa retired from the procurement work between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court, and after the incident that Atsunobu SHINJO, Hiromichi TSUDA, Shigemichi HIRAI, etc. in the procurement side of state affairs (Sonjo-ha) pressed Mochimasa to retire and threatened him by the sound of a cannon from Bansei Pass (Bansei, Okayama City) to the Okayama-jo Castle, Mochimasa ordered thier dismissal of the role and house arrest, but Gonrokuro mediated to release from the house arrest.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）2月8日に尊攘派に推されて藩主になった池田茂政であるが次第に迷走するようになり、実兄の徳川慶喜が征夷大将軍になると一切の朝幕間周旋の仕事から身を引いたため、国事周旋方（尊攘派）の新庄厚信・津田弘道・平井重道らが隠居を迫り万成峠（岡山市万成）から岡山城へ大砲の音を鳴らして威嚇する事件があり、茂政より役目罷免・蟄居謹慎を命ぜられたが権六郎が執りなして蟄居謹慎を解かせた。
English: In the beginning of October 1867, Gonrokuro had a meeting with Tatewaki KOMATSU, Takachika FUKUOKA, Shojiro GOTO, Shoso TSUJI, Shozo TSUZUKI, etc. in Kyoto, and delivered a speech that 'the only thing we should do is to have Yoshinobu return Shogunship to the Imperial Court' and unified their intention to Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）10月初旬、京都で小松帯刀・福岡孝悌・後藤象二郎・辻将曹・都筑荘蔵らと会合し、権六郎が「慶喜に将軍職を朝廷に奉還せしむるのみ」と発言し大政奉還に意思統一させたという。
English: Gonrokuro once retired in July 1868, but resumed working and served as a military adviser of Okayama domain in August 1868, and became a secretary of precedence and councilor for Penal Code of the Okayama domain in 1869.
Japanese: 翌年6月いったん隠居したが、同年7月に隠居再勤となって岡山藩軍事顧問を務め、明治2年（1869年）、同藩刑法主事上席・参政となる。
English: Kinnosuke KONGO (1854 to 1923) was a Noh actor of the shite-kata Kongo school (one of the five schools of shite-kata [main roles]).
Japanese: 金剛謹之助（こんごうきんのすけ、1854年（嘉永7年）-1923年（大正12年））は、シテ方金剛流能楽師。
English: Iwao KONGO (1886 to 1951) was a Noh actor of the shite-kata Kongo school (one of the five schools of shite-kata [main roles]).
Japanese: 金剛巌（こんごういわお、1886年（明治19年）-1951年（昭和26年））は、シテ方金剛流能楽師。
English: In 1937, when the Sakado Kongo family line was ended as Ukyo KONGO died, those of the other four schools recommended him for the headmaster of the Kongo school and he succeeded the head family of the school.
Japanese: 1937年、金剛右京の死去により坂戸金剛家が断絶したのを受け、翌1937年、他の四流の家元の推薦により金剛流家元となり、宗家継承。
English: Yoshimitsu AWATAGUCHI (around 13th century) was a sword craftsman in the middle of Kamakura period.
Japanese: 粟田口吉光（あわたぐちよしみつ、13世紀頃）は鎌倉時代中期の刀鍛冶。
English: Yoshimitsu, commonly called Toshiro, is considered to be a master who can match Masamue OKAZAKI of Kamakura.
Japanese: 吉光は、通称を藤四郎といい、鎌倉の岡崎正宗とならぶ名工とされている。
English: From ancient times, his swords have had neat inscriptions, most of which have the two characters of 'Yoshimitsu' inscribed on them.
Japanese: 古来より銘が流暢であり、また、ほとんどの作には「吉光」二字銘を切られる。
English: But since none of his works showed a year of manufacture, he is regarded as a sword craftsman of the mid-Kamakura period only judging by his parent and brother's works.
Japanese: しかし、年期銘のある作がなく、親、兄弟の作から鎌倉中期の刀工と見られている。
English: They have a flecked texture called 'nashiji' that looks like the grains of a board, featuring a thick surface patterns and misty lines on it.
Japanese: 地鉄は「梨子地」と呼ばれる小板目肌が最も良くつんだもので、地沸（ぢにえ）厚くつき、地には線状の湯走り（ゆばしり）が見られる。
English: Many of them have mostly straight but slightly shaky lines, with outstanding grains on the surface and wavy patterns near its sword guard.
Japanese: 基本的な刃文は、直刃（すぐは）を主体としつつ細かく乱れ、刃中よく沸え、匂い口深いもので、焼き出しに互の目（ぐのめ）を連ねるものが多い。
English: They also include short swords of relatively large size like famous Goto Toshiro and Hirano Toshiro, and those that feature a mixture of different wavy patterns.
Japanese: また、名物後藤藤四郎（短刀）、名物平野藤四郎（短刀）のようにやや大振りのものから、刃文も湾れ（のたれ）に丁子を交えるなど乱れ刃主体のものもある。
English: The famous short sword Atsushi Toshiro is a work known as 'yoroi doshi' that features especially thick layers, with its initial layer exceeding one centimeters in thickness.
Japanese: 名物厚藤四郎（あつしとうしろう、短刀）は「鎧通し」と呼ばれる特に重ねの厚い作品で、元重ねは1cmを超える。
English: Mumei Toshiro, a short sword with no inscription, also has a thick initial layer that measures over seven millimeters.
Japanese: 無銘の名物、無銘藤四郎（むめいとうしろう、短刀）も元重ね厚く7mm強ある。
English: Since they had long been highly valued and were collected into the hands of powerful figures such as Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, many were burned in the Honnoji Incident and Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka).
Japanese: 古来珍重されてきたため、織田信長、豊臣秀吉と言った権力者の元に蒐集され、本能寺の変、大阪夏の陣で焼身になったものが多い。
English: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA had people look for noted swords including Yoshimitsu and Masamune which were burned or lost in Osaka Natsu no Jin.
Japanese: 徳川家康は大阪夏の陣に際し、焼け身、紛失した吉光や正宗を始めとする名刀を探させた。
English: These burned noted swords were quenched again by Yasutsugu ECHIZEN the first, many of which are in existence today.
Japanese: これら名刀の焼身は初代越前康継の手によって焼き直され、その姿を今に残すものも多い。
English: Some of the major quenched Yoshimitsu include the famous sword Ichigo Hitofuri Toshiro, made from a cut sword, and the famous short sword Namazu Toshiro, made from a cut short pole sword.
Japanese: 吉光の焼き直しの代表格としては、太刀を磨り上げた名物一期一振藤四郎（いちごひとふりとうしろう、刀）、小薙刀を磨り上げた名物鯰尾藤四郎（なまずおとうしろう、脇差）がある。
English: A remake from a pole sword, the famous short sword Honebami Toshiro which was collected intact from a moat in Osaka Natsu no Jin, was also burned in Edo Castle in the Great Fire of Meireki and was quenched again by the later Yasutsugu.
Japanese: また、大阪夏の陣に際し、堀中から無傷で回収した薙刀直しの名物骨喰藤四郎（ほねばみとうしろう、脇差）も、江戸城明暦の大火で焼け、後代の康継によって焼き直された。
English: Honebami Toshiro, Yoshimitsu with no inscription which was a remake from a pole sword and had been burned, owned by Kyoto Toyokuni-jinja Shrine, in Kyoto
Japanese: 薙刀直し刀無銘伝吉光（骨喰藤四郎）（京都・豊国神社(京都市)蔵）-焼身。
English: 'Gakumei' (frame inscription) is a type of inscription in which a long sword is cut short and its original inscription on the cut part is embedded onto the sword as in a frame.
Japanese: 「額銘」は長大な太刀を磨上げ（すりあげ）して寸法を短くした後、磨上げ部分にあった元の銘を切り取って額のように嵌め込んだもの。
English: Its round cutting edge evokes the images of a catfish tail, thus it is also called 'namazuo' (catfish tail).
Japanese: 姿が鯰の尾を連想させる、ふくらがふっくらした姿から「鯰尾」の異名を持つ。
English: Magozaemon SUEYOSHI (1570 to May 1, 1617) was a great merchant in Osaka who was very active in Shuinsen Boeki (trading by ships with a shogunal charter for foreign trade) during the early Edo period.
Japanese: 末吉孫左衛門（すえよしまござえもん、元亀元年（1570年）-元和(日本)3年3月26日(旧暦)（1617年5月1日））は、江戸時代初期に朱印船貿易で活躍した大坂の大商人。
English: He was born as the first child of Kanbe Toshikata HIRANO, later Toshikata SUEYOSHI, who was todori (chief) of a ginza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver) in Fushimi, Kyoto.
Japanese: 京都・伏見の銀座の頭取の平野勘兵衛利方、後の末吉利方の長男に生まれた。
English: He traded in big ships to the South Sea, such as Indochina and the Philippines.
Japanese: 大船を仕立てて、インドシナ・フィリピンなど南洋方面に出かけて貿易をした。
English: It is said that Tamasumi was a child born between Morioki OCHI, who went to the Battle of Hakusukinoe leading the Iyo navy, and a Chinese girl he met during the war.
Japanese: 663年に起こった白村江の戦いの時、伊予水軍を率いて出陣した越智（おち）守興と、戦地の中国娘との間に生まれた子が玉澄（たますみ）とされている。
English: Living in Kono-go, Kazahaya District, Iyo Province (modern Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture), he called himself Tamasumi KONO and he was first to use the name of KONO.
Japanese: その後、伊予国風早郡河野郷（現在の愛媛県松山市）に居を構えたことから河野玉澄（こうのたますみ）と名乗り、河野（こうの）を名乗った初代とされている。
English: Shichidayu KITA is one of the names used by the head family of the shite-kata Kita school (one of the five schools of shite-kata [main roles]).
Japanese: 喜多七太夫（きたななだゆう）とは、シテ方喜多流の宗家が名乗る名のひとつ。
English: Tadaichi KONGO (1815 to 1884) was a Noh actor of the shite-kata Kongo school (one of the five schools of shite-kata [main roles]).
Japanese: 金剛唯一（こんごうただいち、1815年（文化(元号)12年）-1884年（明治17年））とは、シテ方金剛流能楽師。
English: Mitsuhide KARASUMARU (September 16, 1689 - April 11, 1748) was a Kugyo (high court noble) and kajin (waka poet), who lived during the Edo Period.
Japanese: 烏丸光榮（からすまるみつひで、元禄2年8月3日(旧暦)（1689年9月16日）-延享5年3月14日(旧暦)（1748年4月11日））は江戸時代の公卿、歌人。
English: His children included Tadamitsu (尹光) KARASUMARU, Sukefusa HINO, Sukemochi KADENOKOJI, Mitsuyo URAMATSU, and Sukeki HINO, in addition to daughters such as Mitsutane KARASUMARU's wife and Sadayoshi MATSUDAIRA's wife.
Japanese: 子に烏丸尹光、日野資総、勘解由小路資望、裏松光世、日野資枝、娘（烏丸光胤室）、娘（松平定賢室）らがいる。
English: He learned waka (Japanese poetry) under Emperor Reigen and Michimi NAKANOIN, and Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Yorihito and Emperor Sakuramachi were his waka disciples.
Japanese: 和歌を霊元天皇や中院通躬に師事し、和歌の門下に、有栖川宮職仁親王や桜町天皇がいる。
English: The 16th Roppeita KITA (December 6, 1924 to -), is a Noh actor of the shite-kata Kita school (one of the five schools of shite-kata [main roles]).
Japanese: 十六世喜多六平太（じゅうろくせきたろっぺいた、1924年（大正13年）12月6日-）とは、シテ方喜多流能楽師。
English: Sukekuni SO (1207? - November 4, 1274) was a busho (a Japanese military commander) who lived in the mid- Kamakura period.
Japanese: 宗助国（そうすけくに、承元元年（1207年）?-文永11年10月5日(旧暦)（1274年11月4日））は鎌倉時代中期の武将。
English: "Hachiman Gudokun" (Exegesis of Hachimanshin [God of War] Legends for the Ignorant and Children) described that on November 11, 1274, in the Bunei War, Hachimangu sub-shrine in Tsushima Province bursted into flames, and people were frightened that it would be burned down, but it was an illusion.
Japanese: 『八幡愚童訓』によると、文永11年（1274年）の文永の役で、10月5日に対馬国府の八幡宮仮殿からおびただしい炎が上がり、人々が焼け失せるかと驚いたがそれは幻であった。
English: Mongolian battleships came alongside of the pier of Sasuura (present Komodahama, Izuhara-cho, Tshima City) located at the western shore of Shimojima in Tsushima and 450 ships, 30,000 troops raided the town at around four in the afternoon.
Japanese: 午後4時頃、蒙古の船は対馬下島西岸の佐須浦（現対馬市厳原町小茂田浜）に接岸し、船450艘、3万人の軍勢が来襲した。
English: When the Jito (a landlord) office of Kokufu (a provincial capital) was informed about the raid at around six in the afternoon, Sukekuni SO, who was both the Jito of Tsushima Province and the substitute of Shugo (a military governor), Kagesuke SHONI, left for Sasuura through rocky mountains in the dark, with more than 80 horse soldiers.
Japanese: 6時頃に国府の地頭所に連絡があり、対馬の地頭で守護少弐景資の代官でもある宗助国は、80余騎を率いて岩山の夜道を佐須浦へ馳せ向かった。
English: The next morning, when a translator was sent to the Mongols as an envoy, asking for the reason of their raid, they answered with an intense attack of arrows shot by about one thousand troops unloaded from 7 to 8 ships.
Japanese: 翌朝、通事（通訳）を使者として蒙古人に事情を尋ねたところ、蒙古軍は7、8艘の船から1千人ばかりが下り立ち、激しく矢を射かけて攻撃を始めた。
English: Sukekuni immediately pulled his camp together for counter attack, which gave damage to the Mongols, however, it was outnumbered and after a couple of fierce battle, all the members of the Sukekuni camp, including Sukekuni himself, his son, Umajiro, his adopted son, Yajiro, Sho no Taro-nyudo Monk, Tozaburo Tai, and a Gokenin (Shogunal retainers) from Higo Province were killed.
Japanese: 助国らは急遽陣を立て直して応戦し、敵に痛手を与えたものの、多勢に無勢で2、3時間の激戦ののち、助国をはじめ子息の右馬次郎、養子の弥次郎、他に庄の太郎入道、肥後国の御家人田井藤三郎など全員が戦死した。
English: The burial site of the remains of Sukekuni and his followers exist as "Kubi-zuka Tomb" (tomb of the head) or "Odo-zuka Tomb" (tomb of th torso).
Japanese: 助国主従の亡骸を埋めた場所は「お首塚」「お胴塚」として現存している。
English: In this shrine, a ceremony, 'meigen no gi' (a ceremony of resounding bowstrings), in which people equipped with suit of armor parade around the town and shoot arrows towards the ocean to pray for peace for the island, is held every year on November 12, during the Komodahama Shrine Festival.
Japanese: この神社では毎年11月12日の小茂田浜神社大祭において、鎧冑姿で練り歩き、海に向かって弓を放ち島の平和を祈願する「鳴弦の儀」が行われている。
English: OTOMO no Moriya (year of birth unknown and died on August 8, 679) was an aristocrat during the Asuka period in Japan.
Japanese: 大伴守屋（おおとものもりや、生年不明-天武天皇8年6月26日(旧暦)（679年8月8日））は、日本の飛鳥時代の貴族である。
English: Ariie KARAHASHI (July 2, 1729 - October 26, 1791) was a court noble in the middle of Edo Period.
Japanese: 唐橋在家（からはしありいえ、享保14年6月7日(旧暦)（1729年7月2日）-寛政3年9月29日(旧暦)（1791年10月26日））は江戸時代中期の公家。
English: He was well informed of ancient practices, and wrote many books including "Kangi Senka-sho" (冠儀浅寡抄), a study on genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age), "Hitsuyo-roku" (畢用録), a record for scepters, "Shukutoku Shozoku-sho," a study on the costumes of elderly Kugyo (high court nobles), "Hoi Gunshoku Benmo-sho" (布衣群色便蒙抄), a study on the traditional hunting wears for court nobles.
Japanese: 故実に詳しく、元服について記した『冠儀浅寡抄』、笏について記した『畢用録』、高齢公卿の装束について記した『宿徳装束抄』、狩衣について記した『布衣群色便蒙抄』ほか著書は多い。
English: In "Shukutoku Shozoku-sho" and "Hoi Gunshoku Benmo-sho," he, as a researcher, demonstrated skepticism toward the premodern theories which had been commonly accepted, and this fact indicates that he was interested in studying historical evidence.
Japanese: 『宿徳装束抄』や『布衣群色便蒙抄』には生地について近世の通説を疑う研究的態度が見られるなど、考証的志向がある。
English: Tamamori Reizei (1265 - December 9, 1328) was a Kuge (a court noble) and a Kajin (a waka poet) lived in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 冷泉為守（れいぜいためもり、文永2年（1265年）-嘉暦3年11月8日(旧暦)（1328年12月9日））は、鎌倉時代後期の公家・歌人。
English: Although his official court rank was as high as Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) chamberlain, he entered into the priesthood at the age around 40 and lived in east regions including Kamakura.
Japanese: 官位は正五位下侍従に昇るが、40歳頃に出家して鎌倉など東国に住んだ。
English: According to a Japanese legend, he was described as the poet who composed a Kyoka (a comic poem) for the first time, thus, he was also known as 'the founder of kyoka.'
Japanese: 伝説によれば、狂歌を初めて詠んだ人物とされ、「狂歌の祖」とも言われている。
English: Kinkin EGI (January 30, 1877 - February 20, 1930) was a wife of Makoto (his name can also be pronounced Chu) EGI who was a law scholar in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 江木欣々（えぎきんきん、1877年（明治10年）1月30日-1930年（昭和5年）2月20日）は、明治期の法律学者江木衷（まこと・ちゅう）の妻。
English: Eiko was adopted out and then became a maiko (apprentice geisha) in a hanamachi (geisha district) around Kobusho (military training institute) near Kanda Myojin-Shrine because her adoptive family became badly off.
Japanese: 栄子は養女に出されたが、養家が困窮したため、神田明神下の講武所の花街で舞妓となった。
English: She moved to Shinbashi this time and served again in Matsuya as a hangyoku (child geisha) under the name of 'Botan (tree peony).'
Japanese: 今度は新橋に移り、松屋から「ぼたん」という名でふたたび半玉として出ることになった。
English: Eiko became a star, showing her wide-ranging hobbies of and talent in poetry, calligraphy, tenkoku (seal-engraving) and yokyoku (Noh song).
Japanese: 栄子は詩、書、画、篆刻、謡曲と広い趣味と才人ぶりを見せて花形となった。
English: She is known as a model of 'Tsukiji Akashi Cho,' the masterpiece by Kiyokata KABURAGI, a painter of Bijinga ("Beautiful Woman Picture") (but it is also said that the model was Maseko, her younger paternal half-sister).
Japanese: 美人画家の鏑木清方の傑作「築地明石町」のモデルとして知られる（実はモデルは栄子の異母妹のませ子ともいわれる）。
English: Yoshifusa ISHIDO (date of birth and death unknown) was a military commander in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 石塔義房（いしどうよしふさ、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代(日本)の武将。
English: Yoshifusa became Shugodai (deputy military governor) of Takauji ASHIKAGA who was Shugo (military governor) in Suruga province and Izu province in 1334, and was appointed to the position of shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) in Suruga and Izu in 1336.
Japanese: 1334年に駿河国・伊豆国守護足利尊氏の守護代となり、1336年（延元元年/建武(日本)3年）に駿河と伊豆の守護職に就任。
English: Yoshifusa was dismissed in the following year and dispatched to Mutsu province as the supreme commander of Oshu where he stayed until 1345, during which overwhelmed the Southern Court (Japan) including the Date clan, Akinobu KITABATAKE, etc. and successfully organized the Ou region.
Japanese: 翌年解任され、奥州総大将として陸奥国へ派遣、1345年に至るまで在国し伊達氏、北畠顕信らの南朝(日本)方を圧倒させ、奥羽の組織化に成功を収める。
English: After the Kanno Disturbance, Yoshifusa kept the attitude to oppose Takauji ASHIKAGA and belonged to Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, the side of anti-Takauji power.
Japanese: 観応の擾乱以降は足利尊氏に敵対する態度をとり続け、反尊氏勢力の足利直義につく。
English: In the Mori-no-sho Manor Yuyama Incident of Sagami province in December 1350, Yoshifusa seized Motouji ASHIKAGA from KO no Morofuyu in the Takauji side and reported the state of affairs to Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 観応元年12月の相模国毛利荘湯山事件では、尊氏方の高師冬から、足利基氏を奪取して、事態を足利直義に報告。
English: After the death of Tadayoshi, Yoshifusa belonged to the side of Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, conspired with Yoshioki NITTA and Yoshimune NITTA, and experienced many campaigns in the direction of Kinai region.
Japanese: 直義の死去後は足利直冬方に与し新田義興・新田義宗と結託し、畿内方面を歴戦した。
English: Tesseki FUJIMOTO (April 14, 1816 - November 6, 1863) was a patriot in the end of Edo Period.
Japanese: 藤本鉄石（ふじもとてっせき、文化(元号)13年3月17日(旧暦)（1816年4月14日）-文久3年9月25日(旧暦)（1863年11月6日））は幕末の志士。
English: He raised an army and set up Tenchu-gumi (royalist party to inflict punishment) in Yamato Province in order to take the lead of Yamato gyoko (Imperial Trip to the Yamato Province), and became one of the three presidents of Tenchu-gumi together with Torataro YOSHIMURA and Keido MATSUMOTO.
Japanese: 大和行幸の先駆けとなるべく大和国で挙兵して天誅組を結成し、吉村虎太郎、松本奎堂とともに天誅組三総裁の一人となる。
English: Tesseki FUJIMOTO was born the fourth son of Sakichi KATAYAMA in Higashikawara village, Mino county, Bizen Province (Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture.)
Japanese: 備前国御野郡東川原村（岡山県岡山市）の片山佐吉の四男として生まれる。
English: After that, he was adopted by Shigekata FUJIMOTO, a feudal retainer of the domain, and served as the clerk in charge of agricultural affairs and the assistant manager, but in 1840, he left the domain and went to Kyoto.
Japanese: 後に藩士藤本重賢の養子となり、農事掛り、手代を務めていたが、天保11年（1840年）に脱藩して京都へ出る。
English: In the national crises since the arrival of the Black ships,Tesseki was one of the many who were indignant with this event and had interaction with royalists in the sonjo party through Hachiro KIYOKAWA.
Japanese: 黒船来航以来の国難の中で藤本も慷慨の志を持ち、清河八郎を介して尊攘派志士たちと交わりを持つようになる。
English: In 1862, when Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, the father of Satsuma Domain, decided to come to Kyoto with his army, people construed it that he came to Kyoto to overthrow the Shogunate, thus Kuniomi HIRANO, Hachiro KIYOKAWA, and Torataro YOSHIMURA drew roshi (masterless samurai) in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area), and planned to raise an army in collusion with the radical party of feudal retainers of Satsuma Domain including Shinshichi ARIMA (Fushimi gikyo [heroic deed in Fushimi.])
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）、薩摩藩国父島津久光が率兵上京することになり、世間はこれを倒幕のための上洛だと解して、平野国臣、清河八郎、吉村虎太郎らは上方に浪士を集めて、有馬新七ら薩摩藩士の過激派と結託して挙兵を策した（伏見義挙）。
English: However, as Hisamitsu SHIMAZU's real intention was Kobu-gattai (reconciliation between the imperial court and the shogunate), FUJIMOTO was placed under house arrest in the residence of Satsuma Domain, and soon withdrew himself from the plan of raising the army and left.
Japanese: だが、島津久光の真意は公武合体であり、藤本は薩摩藩邸に軟禁され、ほどなく挙兵計画から離脱して去っている。
English: Eventually, the radical party of feudal retainers of Satsuma Domain was purged in the Teradaya Incident, and HIRANO, YOSHIMURA, and others were also arrested and sent back to their domains.
Japanese: 結局、寺田屋事件で薩摩藩士の過激派は粛清され、平野、吉村らも捕えられて国許へ送還された。
English: In March 1863, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto), was given the adjudication of the Imperial Court of measures to open speech by roshi and announced it in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）2月、京都守護職松平容保は朝廷に浪士の言論洞開策を勅栽を得て京都市中に布告した。
English: However, it was necessary for the roshi to appear in the headquarters of Aizu Domain in Kurodani, and only three roshi complied with the announcement.
Japanese: ただし、これには黒谷の会津藩本陣に出頭する必要があり、応じた浪士は3人しかいなかった。
English: In the 'Kyogata roninbetsu' (registers of ronin in Kyoto), the record in Aizu Domain, 35 roshi who asked to serve Katamori were recorded, and Fujimoto's name is recorded as 'Roshi gashira' (the head of roshi.)
Japanese: 容保に奉公を願い出た浪士35人を記した会津藩の記録の「京方浪人別」に「浪士頭」として藤本の名が見える。
English: Tesseki planned to raise the army in Yamato Province as the lead of Yamato gyoko together with Torataro YOSHIMURA (who left the Tosa Domain) and Keido MATSUMOTO (who left the Kariya Domain.).
Japanese: 藤本は吉村虎太郎（土佐藩脱藩）、松本奎堂（刈谷藩脱藩）とともに行幸の先駆けとして大和国で挙兵することを計画。
English: On 26th, Torataro had Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA, the former Jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff), and 39 roshi gather Hoko-ji Temple and left Kyoto.
Japanese: 14日に吉村は前侍従中山忠光を迎えて浪士39人が方広寺に結集して京都を出立。
English: The party entered Sakai City from the sea route, proceeded to Kawachi, and forced Sayama Domain to provide firearms and weapons.
Japanese: 一行は海路堺市に入り、河内へ進んで狭山藩から銃器武具を差し出させた。
English: Tenchu-gumi entered tenryo (a shogunal demesne) in Gojo City, Yamato Province, and raised the army by attacking daikansho (regional office of administrative official) to set fire thereto, and cutting the head of Gennai SUZUKI, the local governor.
Japanese: 天誅組は大和国五條市天領へ入り、代官所を襲撃して炎上させ、代官鈴木源内の首を刎ねて挙兵した。
English: Tenchu-gumi placed their headquarters in Sakurai-ji Temple, called themselves 'Onseifu' (the government), and established the staff organization with Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA as the shusho (commander-in-chief), and Tesseki, Keido, and Torataro as the presidents.
Japanese: 天誅組は桜井寺に本陣を定め、自らを「御政府」と称し、中山忠光を主将、藤本、松本、吉村を総裁とする職制を定めた。
English: Kugyo (high court nobles) of Joi-ha (supporters of expulsion of the foreigners), such as Sanetomi SANJO, fell down from power, and Choshu Domain was forced to retreat from Kyoto.
Japanese: 三条実美ら攘夷派公卿は失脚し、長州藩は京都からの撤退を余儀なくされた。
English: Tenchu-gumi, which were suddenly left holding on their own, transferred their headquarters to the fort in Amanotsuji, and assembled 1000 soldiers by recruiting from samurai from Totsugawa area in Nara.
Japanese: 突然、孤立無援となった天誅組は要害の天ノ辻に本陣を移し、十津川郷士を募兵して1000人を集めた。
English: On October 8th, they attacked Takatori-jo Castle but were beaten, and YOSHIMURA was seriously injured in this battle.
Japanese: 26日に高取城を攻撃するが敗北し、この戦いで吉村は重傷を負ってしまう。
English: In October, neighboring domains were mobilized to subdue Tenchu-gumi, and Tenchu-gumi fought bravely, however, because they were outnumbered and poor in armaments, they were gradually driven into a corner.
Japanese: 9月、周辺諸藩が討伐に動員され、天誅組は善戦するものの多勢に無勢の上に装備も貧弱で、次第に追い詰められた。
English: Tesseki escaped to Shikoku and Kyushu by breaking through the enemy to Shingu, Kii Province, and planned to raise the army again, but couldn't.
Japanese: 藤本は紀伊国新宮へ突破して四国九州へ逃れ再挙することを策すが叶わなかった。
English: Torataro, one of the three presidents, dropped out since he could not walk due to festering wound, and Keido, the other of the three, was injured and lost his sight.
Japanese: 三総裁のうち吉村は傷が悪化して歩行困難となり脱落、もう一人の松本は負傷して失明状態になっていた。
English: On November 5, the remnants of Tenchu-gumi including FUJIMOTO encountered soldiers of Kishu Domain and Hikone Domain at Washiyaguchi via Washiotoge (Higashiyoshino Village, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 24日、藤本ら天誅組残党は鷲尾峠を経た鷲家口（奈良県東吉野村）で紀州藩・彦根藩藩兵と遭遇。
English: Tesseki succeeded in breaking through the enemy, however, as he disdained to escape, he returned to the opponent together with his disciple Yonekichi FUKUURA on the following day and made a savage attack on the headquarters of Kishu Domain.
Japanese: 藤本は敵中突破に成功したが、逃げ延びるのを潔しとせず、翌25日、彼の弟子福浦米吉とともに再び敵陣まで引き返し、紀州藩本陣に猛烈な切り込みをかけた。
English: The enemy forces were taken by surprise and fell into disorder, however, it was outnumbered after all, and Tesseki died a heroic death.
Japanese: 不意をつかれた敵軍は混乱に陥ったが、所詮多勢に無勢であり壮絶な死を遂げた。
English: Tadamitsu, the commander-in-chief, escaped from the battle, Keido killed himself, and most of the others were killed in the battle or arrested and Tenchu-gumi fell apart.
Japanese: 主将の中山は脱出するが、松本は自刃し、他の者たちもほとんどが戦死するが捕縛され天誅組は壊滅した。
English: The letter Tesseki wrote to Chubei to ask for support was in a cheery note saying "give us, give us, give us" with colored pictures of koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) and Kakejiku (hanging scroll) with full of humor that shows his character.
Japanese: 彼が忠兵衛宛に書いた手紙は小判や掛け軸の彩色した絵を書いて「ほしい、ほしい、ほしい、ほしい」と援助の依頼を楽しく書いていて、ユーモアにあふれていて彼の人柄を思わせる。
English: Nichiko (1257-June 9, 1314) was a priest of Nichiren sect of Buddhism and supposedly the second Kanju (or Kanshu, meaning the head priest) of Hokekyo-ji Temple, who lived in the later Kamakura period.
Japanese: 日高（にちこう、正嘉元年（1257年）-正和3年4月26日_(旧暦)（1314年6月9日））は、鎌倉時代後期の日蓮宗の僧侶で法華経寺第2代貫首とされている人物。