nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In the administrative division during the early modern era, these areas were referred to as Chionin Monzen, Kenninji Monzen, Gion Mawari, Daibutsu Mawari, and so on, but parts of the flat lands were turned into towns and became a part of urban area, and referred to as 'Rakugai Machi-tsuzuki.'
Japanese: これらの地区は、近世の行政区画では知恩院門前、建仁寺門前、祇園廻り、大仏廻りなどと称されたが、平地部は早くから町地化されて市街地の一部となり、「洛外町続き」と称された。
English: However, there are some town names which had been changed during the early Meiji period, created by the merging of few towns, or given to areas where town names had not originally existed including the precincts of temples or fields, and not all the town names in the present-day derive from the town names before the early modern era.
Japanese: ただし、明治時代初期に変更された町名、近隣の二、三町が合併して成立した町名、寺院境内地、畑地など従来町名のなかった地区に新たに起立した町名なども一部に存在し、現行町名のすべてが近世以前からの町名ではない。
English: When Kyoto Prefecture was established in 1868, these towns were organized into Shimogyo bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1 to 41along with the towns of Nakagyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward.
Japanese: 明治元年（1868年）、京都府が成立すると、これらの町は、現・中京区や下京区の町とともに下京1〜41番組に組織された。
English: After going through many changes, these towns were organized into a total of 32 'school districts' in 1892. (Refer to the section 'Town names of Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City' for the history of administrative division after the Meiji period.)
Japanese: これらの町組は、その後たび重なる変遷を経て、明治25年には計32の「学区」に組織された（明治以降の行政区画の変遷については別項「京都市下京区の町名」を参照）。
English: Also, due to the streamlining and transfer of elementary schools, the attendance units of elementary schools themselves have changed from those times, but the names of the school districts are used in the present-day as 'former school districts' for the names of an area.
Japanese: また、その後の小学校の統廃合、移転等に伴い、小学校の通学区自体も当時とは変わっているが、学区の名称は「元学区」として、現在も地区の呼称として使われている。
English: Furthermore, the actual indication of an address is done mostly by using street names such as 'Bishamon-cho, 4-chome, Matsubara agaru, Higashioji-dori Street, Higashiyama Ward.'
Japanese: なお、実際の住所表示は「東山区東大路通松原上る四丁目毘沙門町」のように通り名による住所表示を用いることが多い。
English: The example mentioned above means 'Bishamon town which is the forth town after going up north of an intersection between Higashioji-dori Street (street going north and south) and Matsubara-dori Street (street going east and west).'
Japanese: 前述の例は、「東大路通（南北方向の通り）と松原通（東西方向の通り）の交差点を北上して4つ目の町である毘沙門町」の意である。
English: The stress is placed on the first syllable in standard Japanese while it is placed on the second syllable in the local dialect ('Omi ben').
Japanese: 共通語では「滋賀」は頭高型アクセントで発音するが、地元の方言（近江弁）では尾高型で発音する。
English: The area of Shiga Prefecture is the tenth smallest in Japan, and the third, following Nara and Saitama Prefectures, of the inland prefectures.
Japanese: 都道府県の面積一覧は全国で10番目に狭く、内陸県では奈良県、埼玉県に次いで狭い。
English: More than half of the small area is occupied by mountains and Lake Biwa, so the inhabitable land area of Shiga measured in 2001 was smaller than that of Osaka.
Japanese: その狭い面積の半分以上を山地と琵琶湖が占めており、都道府県の面積一覧2001年可住地面積の順位は大阪府よりも狭い。
English: As it can be guessed from the facts that 'Omi' derived from 'Chikatsu awaumi (a fresh-water lake near the capital)' and Shiga is called a 'Lake Country,' Lake Biwa, which is located in the center of the prefecture, is a symbol of Shiga.
Japanese: 「近江」が「ちかつあはうみ（都近くの淡水湖）」に由来し、現在も滋賀県が「湖国」と呼ばれることからも窺えるように、県の中央に位置する琵琶湖は本県のシンボルである。
English: The lake is important as sources for industrial water and drinking water for 14 million people living in neighboringprefectures and as tourism resources.
Japanese: 産業用水や、近隣府県約1400万人の飲用水の源として重要であり、また観光資源としてもその存在は大きい。
English: Shiga, in which Lake Biwa is located, is the only inland prefecture that has fishing ports, the number of which is greater than that of other five prefectures that face sea.
Japanese: 琵琶湖があることから内陸県で唯一漁港を持ち、日本の漁港一覧と、海に面する5府県より多い。
English: When Japan Sea was the center of commerce at sea before the Meiji period, goods landed from Wakasa Bay were carried to Kyoto via Lake Biwa, and then to Osaka via the Yodo-gawa River, which meant that there were a lot of important inland water ports in Shiga.
Japanese: 日本海が海上交易の中心だった明治以前には、若狭湾で陸揚げされた物資が琵琶湖を通じて京都、さらには淀川経由で大阪方面へと運ばれており、内水系の重要港湾が数多く存在した。
English: Since Shiga was also a meeting point of Tokai-do Road, Tosan-do Road (Nakasen-do Road) and Hokuriku-do Road, it was a strategic stop for land transport.
Japanese: 東海道・東山道（中山道）・北陸道の合流地であることから、陸上交通の要衝でもあった。
English: Therefore, merchants from Omi, who were called 'Omi shonin' (Omi merchants) played active roles in various parts of Japan.
Japanese: そのため中世から近代にかけて近江商人と呼ばれる近江出身の商人が全国各地で活躍するに至った。
English: After the Meiji period, the development of steamer lines and railroads decreased the demand for transhipment goods drastically, which made Shiga a prefecture through which goods only passed for a long time.
Japanese: 明治以降、汽船や鉄道の発達によって県内での物流の積み替え需要は激減し、長らく物流が通過するだけの県となった。
English: After the second World War, because of the maintenance of expressways and the rise of cargo truck transportation, the traffic convenience in Shiga attracted attention again, a lot of transportation bases for the Kinki region and factories were established.
Japanese: 戦後、高速道路の整備やトラック流通の興隆に伴って滋賀県の交通利便のよさが再注目されるようになり、近畿地方の流通拠点や工場の進出が進んだ。
English: Since 1989 (the beginning of the Heisei period), Shiga has attracted attention as a bedtown for Osaka urban zone, and owing to the feature of Kyoto urban area as in the past and the expand of the Urban Network of West Japan Railway Company (JR West) has increased its population, which is quite rare in rural areas.
Japanese: 平成に入ってからは、西日本旅客鉄道のアーバンネットワーク拡大によって大阪都市圏のベッドタウンとしても注目されるようになり、従来からの京都都市圏の性格と合わせて、地方では数少ない人口増加県となっている。
English: However, only the southern part, which is close to 'Keihanshin' (Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe) has developed and the economic gap between the southern and northern parts, which had been problematic, has widened.
Japanese: ただし開発が進んでいるのは京阪神に近い県南部であり、以前からあった県北部との経済格差が広がる事態となっている。
English: Although some think a large portion of Shiga Prefecture is occupied by Lake Biwa, it is forests that occupy the largest area (approximately half of the total area of the prefecture), and the area of Lake Biwa is approximately one-sixth of the prefecture's total area.
Japanese: 県土の大半が琵琶湖であるかのように思われがちだが、最も面積を占めるのは山林（県総面積の約半分）であり、琵琶湖が占める面積は県総面積の1/6程度である。
English: The entire area of the prefecture has inland climate, and nothern area and southern area also have climate of Japan Sea area and Seto Inland Sea climate, respectively.
Japanese: 全域が内陸性気候で、北部は日本海側気候、南部は瀬戸内海式気候を併せ持つ。
English: A snowy area spreads over the northern area and mountain areas, and 'Yogo-cho' located at the farthest north of the prefecture is counted as the only special snowy area in the Kinki region.
Japanese: 北部や山間部には豪雪地帯が広がり、なかでも県最北端の余呉町は近畿地方で唯一の特別豪雪地帯に指定されている。
English: Shiga has been greatly related with Japanese history by developing as a supply source or a stopping point of materials and/or workforce to Nara, Kyoto and Osaka and as a strategic stop connecting the capital and eastern and northern areas.
Japanese: 奈良・京都・大坂への物資や人材の供給源や中継地、あるいは都と東国・北国とを結ぶ要衝として発展し、日本の歴史に関わって来た。
English: When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in the Kanto region, the Omi Sasaki clan took part in it positively and gained Omi shugoshiki (provincial constables of Omi Province).
Japanese: この佐々木氏は、源頼朝が関東地方で勃興するとこれに積極的に加わり、近江一国の守護職を得た。
English: Afterwards the Sasaki clan, dividing into the Rokkaku clan and the Kyogoku clan, governed Omi Province until the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 以降、六角氏や京極氏と分かれながら、佐々木一族は戦国時代_(日本)に至るまで近江国を支配した。
English: Doyo (Takauji) SASAKI from the Kyogoku clan, famous as 'Basara Daimyo' (a foppery feudal lord) made the Kyogoku clan more influential in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 南北朝期にはばさら大名で有名な佐々木道誉（高氏）が出て京極家の勢威を伸ばした。
English: Since Sakamoto (Otsu City), which is located at the eastern foot of Mt. Hiei, was against Katada, where the Ikko sect was influential, in economic and religious ways, the two often had conflicts.
Japanese: 比叡山東麓の坂本(大津市)は一向宗の堅田と経済的にも対立していたことから、両者の抗争は頻繁であった。
English: Afterwards Rennyo made Otsu a base of the Ikko sect, which led to the prosperity of Otsu.
Japanese: この後に蓮如は大津に一向宗拠点を構えたため、大津が栄えることとなった。
English: Although when Nagamasa ASAI had once a military agreement with Nobunaga ODA and drove out the Rokkaku clan, later Nagamasa, joining the Shogun's alliance against Nobunaga, fought against Nobunaga and was defeated in 1573.
Japanese: 織田信長と結んだ浅井長政に至って六角氏を駆逐するが、後に将軍の信長包囲網に加わって信長に抵抗、1573年に滅亡する。
English: Nobunaga, who now controlled Omi Province, established Azuchi-jo Castle in Omi Basin as his base ground.
Japanese: 近江国を支配圏に入れた信長は、根拠地として近江盆地に安土城を建設する。
English: After Nobunaga's death, Omi became the debatable ground between Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Katstuie SHIBATA, whose foundations were laid in 'Kinai' and 'Fukui Domain of Echigo Province,' respectively, and the conflict was settled when Hideyoshi's army won at the Battle of Shizugatake.
Japanese: 信長の死後は畿内を地盤とする豊臣秀吉と、越前国福井藩を地盤とする柴田勝家の係争地となり、近江北端部で行われた賤ヶ岳の戦いにおける秀吉の勝利で決着が着けられた。
English: Partly because Hideyoshi's first territory was Nagahama City, he promoted a lot of people from Omi as the clerical staff.
Japanese: 秀吉は初めての領地が長浜市であった関係もあり、多数の近江国民を主に事務方として登用した。
English: The promostion is said to have caused a conflict between the Omi faction and the faction of Owari, Hideyoshi's birth place, which later led to the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: そのことによって生じた近江閥と秀吉出身地の尾張閥の対立が関ヶ原の戦いを促したとも言われる。
English: In Koka County, Omi Province, Koga ninja played important roles over the Sengoku period and the early in the Edo period.
Japanese: また戦国時代から江戸時代にかけての甲賀郡では甲賀流忍者が活動していた。
English: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA had the Ii clan, who led Tokugawa's elite force, enter Hikone-jo Castle so that the Ii clan would control Saigoku (western part of Japan), and Kitaomi belonged to the Hikone Domain.
Japanese: 徳川家康は、徳川氏における精鋭軍を率いる井伊氏を、関ヶ原に近い彦根城に入封させて西国の抑えとし、北近江は彦根藩の領土となった。
English: In the Edo period, Shiga had Zeze, Minakuchi, Omizo, Nishioji, Omi-Miyagawa, Yamagami, and Mikami Domains and Omori Jinya (regional government office) of the Mogami family given the title of Kotaiyoriai (high-ranking liege vassals) and Kutsuki Jinya of the Kutsuki family given the title of Kotaiyoriai.
Japanese: また、江戸時代にあった藩として、膳所藩、水口藩、大溝藩、西大路藩、近江宮川藩、山上藩、三上藩、交代寄合の最上家の大森陣屋、交代寄合の朽木家の朽木陣屋があった。
English: In the early Edo period, in Omi Province there were four places where Shogun stayed when he went to Kyoto: Nagahara Goten (palace), Iba Goten, and Kashiwabara Goten in addition to Minaguchi-jo Castle.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期には将軍上洛用御殿が近江国内に水口城のほかに、永原御殿、伊庭御殿、柏原御殿があった。
English: However, starting with Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun, the Shoguns seldom went to Kyoto, and the palaces became old and ruined.
Japanese: が、3代将軍家光以降は上洛も途切れ御殿も次第に老朽化して、廃れていった。
English: In the Edo period, trade and manufacture, which started in the Kamakura period, markedly developed and such counties as Inukami, Echi, Kanzaki, Gamo, and Takashima, especially Hachiman (Omihachiman City), Hino-cho (Shiga Prefecture) and Gokasho-cho produced a lot of Omi merchants.
Japanese: また江戸時代には、鎌倉時代から続く商工業が飛躍的に発達し、犬上・愛知・神崎・蒲生・高島の各郡、特に八幡(近江八幡市)・日野町(滋賀県)・五個荘町などから近江商人を多く輩出した。
English: After the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) on August 21, 1876, Tsuruga Prefecture was devided and Reinan was incorporated into Shiga Prefecture, so at that time Shiga Prefecture faced to Wakasa Bay.
Japanese: 廃藩置県後、1876年8月21日に敦賀県が分割され、嶺南が滋賀県に編入したため、若狭湾に面していた時期もあった。
English: However, four and half years later, on February 7, 1881, Fukui Prefecture was established and Reinan was separated from Shiga and incorporated into Fukui, which resulted in making Shiga the present inland prefecture.
Japanese: 4年半後の1881年2月7日の福井県発足によって嶺南は滋賀県から分離され、内陸県である現在の領域となった。
English: Since Shiga Prefecture has vast Lake Biwa in the middle of it, the features vary according to different areas surrounding the lake.
Japanese: 滋賀県は中央部に広大な琵琶湖を持つために、湖を挟んだ地域同士で特徴が異なることが多い。
English: The western part (Otsu and Takashima Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and Wakasa Bay/Hokuriku region in the shortest way and Nishiomiji Road and Saba-kaido Road (the highway used to transport fish such as 'saba' [mackerel] to Japan's ancient capital, Kyoto) went through the part in the Edo period.
Japanese: 西部（大津市と高島市）は畿内と若狭湾・北陸とを短絡する要地であり、江戸時代には西近江路・鯖街道が通っていた。
English: On the other hand, the eastern part (Kusatsu, Hikone, Maibara, Nagahama Cities) is a key area which connects 'Kinai' and eatstern and nothern regions of Japan; in the days of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) Tosando ran there and in the Edo period, Tokaido, Nakasendo, and Hokkoku Kaido Road went through the area.
Japanese: 一方の東部（草津市・彦根市・米原市・長浜市など）は畿内と東国・北国を結ぶ要地であり、律令制には東山道、江戸時代には東海道・中山道・北国街道が通っていた。
English: Roads and railways that have adhered to the roads mentioned above go through the area: Meishin Expressway, Shin Meishin Expressway, Hokuriku Expressway, Route 1, Route 8, and Route 21, and Tokaido Shinkansen, JR Tokaido Main Line, JR Kusatsu Line, and Hokuriku Main Line.
Japanese: 現在もそれらを踏襲する名神高速道路・新名神高速道路・北陸自動車道・国道1号・国道8号・国道21号や東海道新幹線・東海道本線・草津線・北陸本線が通る。
English: The southern part (including Otsu, Kusatsu, and Koga Cities), which is close to Kyoto and Osaka, has been culturally influenced by Kyoto and Osaka, and since a lot of people commute to Kyoto and Osaka from this part, they are called 'Shiga Fumin' (those living in Shiga but spend most of their time in Kyoto or Osaka).
Japanese: 京阪に近い南部（大津市・草津市・甲賀市など）は文化的に京阪の影響を強く受け、現在は通勤圏として「滋賀府民」の多い地域となっている。
English: Especially Otsu is close to Kyoto; it is approximately 10 km from the center of Kyoto City to Otsu City, and it takes only nine minutes from JR Kyoto station to JR Otsu station even by train that stops at every station.
Japanese: とりわけ大津市は京都市中心部から約10kmしか離れておらず、JR大津駅からJR京都駅までは各駅停車でも9分で行き来ができる。
English: On the other hand, the northern part (including Hikone, Maibara and Nagahama Cities), which is distant from Kyoto or Osaka, has a lot in common culturally not only with Kyoto and Osaka but also with the Hokuriku region.
Japanese: 一方京阪から遠い北部（彦根市・米原市・長浜市など）は京阪だけでなく北陸とも文化的に共通点を持つ。
English: The southern part is more advanced than the northern part in housing-land development, and some say there is 'a gap between North and South.'
Japanese: 現在は南部に比べて宅地開発などが遅れており、「南北格差」を主張する声がある。
English: There has been an inter-city between Otsu and Hikone, and there were two bidding conflicts over Prefectural Government Office in 1891 and in 1936.
Japanese: 大津と彦根の都市間対立もあり、明治24年と昭和11年の2度、大津と彦根で県庁の誘致合戦が起こっている。
English: Lake Biwa has various beauty spots including Kaizu-osaki, and especially Omi Hakkei (Eight Views of Omi) have been famous as representatives of the most beautiful spots in Japan since recent times.
Japanese: 琵琶湖には海津大崎など数々の景勝地があり、とりわけ近江八景は近世より日本有数の名勝として知られた。
English: Nowadays, you can enjoy various types of recreation in Lake Biwa, including fishing and cruising.
Japanese: 現在は湖水浴や釣り、クルージングなどのレクリエーション観光地でもある。
English: In addition to visitors to Lake Biwa, not only mountain climbers and skiiers come to Shiga from Keihanshin and Chukyo areas but also quite a lot of people are attracted to 'Satoyama' (farming landscape near the hills and mountains in Japan), rural sites and Harie District from the viewpoints of agritourism and ecotourism.
Japanese: 琵琶湖以外の自然環境では、京阪神や中京圏から登山客やスキーレジャー客を集めているほか、近年では里山や田園、針江区などがアグリツーリズム・エコツーリズムの観点で見直されつつある。
English: Partly because Shiga is close to Nara and Kyoto, and partly because Shiga was saved from war damages of the World War II and the after-war overdevelopment, the prefecture is rich in historical sightseeing resources, including temples, shrines, castles and traditional landscapes.
Japanese: 奈良や京都に近いこと、太平洋戦争の戦災や戦後の乱開発を免れたことなどから、社寺・城郭・伝統的景観などの歴史的観光資源も豊かである。
English: Nihon Sankei refers to the following three scenic spots (each number corresponds to the number of image shown above.)
Japanese: 日本三景は以下の3つの名勝地を指す（番号は上掲されている画像の数字と対応）。
English: All of them are scenery of sea (coast) and have been made into poems and painted in paintings.
Japanese: 全て海（沿岸）にある風景となっており、各々古くから詩歌に詠まれ、絵画に描かれていた。
English: In the early Edo period in 1643, Gaho HAYASHI, a Confusian scholar, wrote in his book "Nihonkoku Jisekiko (literally, 'review on things in Japan'),"as 'Matsushima: Other than this island, there are many small island and the scenery with moons and waves is very good and forms three scenic spots together with Amanohashidate in Tango Province and Itsukushima in Aki Province.'
Japanese: 江戸時代前期の1643年（寛永20年）に、儒学者・林鵞峰がその著書『日本国事跡考』において、「松島、此島之外有小島若干、殆如盆池月波之景、境致之佳興、丹後国天橋立、安芸国厳島為三処奇観」と書き記した。
English: After that in 1689, Ekiken KAIBARA, a Confusian scholar, wrote in his book "Kishi Kiko (literally, 'travel in the year of Kishi')"(travel in Tango, Tanba Province and Wakasa Province), as "it is reasonable to name Amanohashidate as one of three scenic spots in Japan "in the section referring to travel in Amanohashidate.
Japanese: その後、1689年（元禄2年）に儒学者・貝原益軒が、その著書『己巳紀行（きしきこう）』（丹波国丹後若狭国紀行）において、天橋立を旅したくだりで天橋立を「日本の三景の一とするも宜也」と記している。
English: This is deemed as the first appearance of the words 'Nihon Sankei' in literature and it is inferred that 'Nihon Sankei' was well-known grouping even before Kaibara's visit.
Japanese: これが「日本三景」という言葉の文献的な初出とされ、貝原が訪れる以前から「日本三景」が一般に知られた括りであったと推定されている。
English: When Nihon Sankei is likened to Setsugekka (snow, moon and flower), 'snow' is assigned to Amanohashidate, 'moon' to Matsushima and 'flower' to Miyajima deeming autumnal leaf coloration as flower.
Japanese: 日本三景を雪月花にあてる場合、「雪」は天橋立、「月」は松島、「花」は紅葉を花に見立てて宮島をあてている。
English: The annual number of visitors for sightseeing in recent years is approximately 3,700 thousands (6,220 thousands for total Matsushima including Okumatsushima, Shiogama and so on), approximately 3,090 thousands for Miyajima (5,620 thousands for total Hatsukaichi City including opposite shore) and approximately 2,670 thousands for Amanohashidate (approximately 3,710 thousands for the total of Miyazu City and Yosano-cho which face Aso-kai [inland sea]).
Japanese: 近年の年間観光客数は、松島が約370万人（奥松島や塩竈市などを含む松島全体では622万人）、宮島が約309万人（対岸も含めた廿日市市全体では562万人）、天橋立が約267万人（阿蘇海に面する宮津市と与謝野町の合計は約371万人）となっている。
English: As kankotaishi (literally, ambassador for sightseeing), Matsushima has 'Matsushima campaign lady,' Amanohashidate has 'Princess of Amanohashidate' and Miyajima has 'Miyajima sightseeing and goodwill ambassador,' and they play an active role together on the occasion of joint campaign for Nihon Sankei and so on.
Japanese: 観光大使として、松島には「松島キャンペーンレディ」、天橋立には「プリンセス天橋立」、宮島には「宮島観光親善大使」がおり、日本三景共同キャンペーンの際などに一緒に活動している。
English: Each of Nihon Sankei tries to have itself registered to World Heritage, but, so far, they have not been registered except Itsukushima-jinja Shrine (registered).
Japanese: 日本三景はいずれも世界遺産登録に動いたが、現時点では厳島神社（登録）以外は登録に至っていない。
English: In July 2006, Nihon Sankei Kanko Renraku Kyogikai (literally, consultitative meeting for sightseeing information exchange for Nihon Sankei) organized by Amanohashidate, Matsushima and Miyajima set up Nihon Sankei's Day to July 21 which is the birthday of Shunsai HAYASHI.
Japanese: 2006年（平成18年）7月、天橋立、松島、宮島の日本三景観光連絡協議会では、林春斎の誕生日の7月21日を日本三景の日と制定した。
English: In April 2007, Michelin's practical guidebook for travelling (MICHELIN Voyager Pratique Japon) was published for foreign sightseers who visit Japan.
Japanese: 2007年（平成19年）4月、日本を訪れる外国人観光客向けに、ミシュランガイド実用旅行ガイド(MICHELINVoyagerPratiqueJapon)が発刊された。
English: This is a collaboration as a part of 'Visit Japan campaign' by Michelin company, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and so on.
Japanese: これは「ビジット・ジャパン・キャンペーン」の一環として、ミシュラン社や国土交通省などが連携したものである。
English: Among Nihon Sankei, Matsushima and Miyajima are described as independent items and each ranked three triple-star.
Japanese: 日本三景では松島と宮島が単独の項目として記載され、各々三ツ星が3つずつ付いた。
English: In March 2009, Michelin's sightseeing guidebook (MICHELIN Green Guide Japon) for foreign sightseers was published with cooperation by Japan National Tourism Organization.
Japanese: 2009年（平成21年）3月、日本を訪れる外国人観光客向けに、ミシュランガイド観光ガイド(MICHELINGreenGuideJapon)が国際観光振興機構の協力を得て発刊された。
English: Matsushima obtained 31 stars in total, three triple-star, four double-star and eight single-star, 25 in total for Matsushima Kaigan (Matsushima seashore) region and for Shiogama region three double-star, six in total.
Japanese: 松島では、松島海岸地区に三ツ星3、二ツ星4、一ツ星8の計25、塩竈市地区に二ツ星3の計6、全体で合計31の星が付いた。
English: Although Nihon Sankei has high awareness, each region has been suffering from decrease in the number of overnight guests.
Japanese: 日本三景としての知名度の高さはあれ、各地域では宿泊客数の減少に苦しんでいる。
English: As one of measures to solve the problem, movement to develop hot spring which none of Nihon Sankei has so far started in recent years.
Japanese: その打開策の1つとして、日本三景が持ち合わせていなかった温泉を開発する動きが近年起こっている。
English: At present, there are nine hotels, two minshuku (private home that runs inn providing room and board) and one sotoyu (an external hot spring bath) which utilize the hot spring (two among them are mineral spring).
Japanese: 現在は旅館9軒、民宿2軒、外湯1軒で利用されている（一部の旅館は鉱泉）。
English: In Miyajima, there was a bath where heated cold spring was used, but it was discontinued because of public sewer work thirty years ago.
Japanese: 宮島には、冷泉を加温して給湯する温泉があったが、30年前の公共下水道工事により途絶えた。
English: In Matsushima, Matsushima hot spring (Miyagi Prefecture) opened on August 5, 2008 in line with Sendai Miyagi destination campaign.
Japanese: 松島では、仙台・宮城デスティネーションキャンペーンに合わせ、2008年8月5日に松島温泉(宮城県)が開湯した。
English: Words by Shunsai HAYASHI are inscribed on monuments of each scenic spot, the orders of introduction are different for each monument.
Japanese: 林春斎の言葉は各名勝地の記念碑に記されているが、全ての記念碑で紹介する順序が違っている。
English: Own spot is placed at the top like 'Matsushima, Amanohashidate and Itsukushima' in Matsushima which follows the order from east as described in original literature in Matsushima, 'Itsukushima, Amanohashidate and Matsushima' in Itsukushima, which follows the order from the west, and 'Amanohashidate, Matsushima and Itsukushima' in Amanohashidate.
Japanese: 松島では原典通り東から「松島、天橋立、厳島」、厳島では西から「厳島、天橋立、松島」、天橋立では「天橋立、松島、厳島」と、それぞれ自らを三景の筆頭に置いている。
English: In 1915, following Nihon Sankei, Jitsugyo no Nihon sha, Ltd. hosted selection of new Nihon Sankei.
Japanese: 1915年（大正4年）、日本三景にならって実業之日本社主催による新日本三景の選定が行われた。
English: Baiu (called also "tsuyu" and written also as "黴雨" [meaning 'rain of molds']) is a rainy period from May to July every year which is typical meteorological phenomenon seen in a wide area covering Japan excluding Hokkaido and Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands), the southern part of Korean Peninsula, coastal area of People's Republic of China including south and center China and Taiwan.
Japanese: 梅雨（ばいう、つゆ。黴雨とも）とは、北海道と小笠原諸島を除く日本、朝鮮半島南部、中華人民共和国の華南や華中の沿海部、および台湾など、東アジアの広範囲において見られる特有の気象で、5月から7月にかけて毎年巡って来る雨の多い期間のこと。
English: If the season of baiu begins, it is called "tsuyuiri (or 'nyubai')" and if it ends and the summer begins it is called "tsuyuake (or 'shutsubai')."
Japanese: 梅雨の時季が始まることを梅雨入り（入梅）、梅雨が終わって夏になることを梅雨明け（出梅）と言う。
English: There are many countries in the world which have rainy season, but baiu is characterized by the fact that not so heavy rain lasts for a long period of time.
Japanese: ただ、雨季が訪れる土地は世界中に多くあるが、梅雨はそれほど雨足の強くない雨が長期に亘って続く点に特徴がある。
English: With respect to the origin of the word "baiu," there is a view that as fruits of Japanese apricot (written as "梅") mature in this season, it is called baiu (written as "梅雨").
Japanese: 梅雨の語源としては、この時期は梅の実が熟す頃であることからという説がある。
English: There is also a view that, because it is highly humid and moldy in this season it have been called "黴雨" (read as 'baiu') and it was changed to "梅雨" which has same sound "baiu."
Japanese: この時期は湿度が高く黴（カビ）が生えやすいことから「黴雨（ばいう）」と呼ばれ、これが同じ音の「梅雨」に転じたという説もある。
English: There is still another view that, because it rains almost every day (written as "'毎'日") in this season, the character "梅" is used.
Japanese: この時期は“毎”日のように雨が降るから「梅」という字が当てられたという説もある。
English: In mainland China and Taiwan, it is called "梅雨" (pronounced as "mei-yu") and, in Korea, "장마" (pronounced as "chan-ma" and written as "長霖" in Chinese characters).
Japanese: 中国大陸部や台湾では「梅雨」（メイユー）、韓国では「장마」（チャンマ・長霖）という。
English: In China, characters "霉雨" which has same sound was used in the past and it sometimes used even today.
Japanese: 中国では、古くは同音の霉雨（メイユー）という字が当てられており、現在も用いられることがある。