nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1905, he negotiated with Russian plenipotentiary Sergei Yul'jevich WITTE, as Japanese plenipotentiary, and signed Treaty of Portsmouth.
Japanese: 1905年ポーツマス会議日本全権としてロシア側の全権セルゲイ・ヴィッテと交渉し、ポーツマス条約を調印。
English: However his evaluation is divided as regards his act of rejecting a proposal from HARRIMAN, the railway magnate who offered the joint management of railway in Manchuria, despite opposition of Prime Minister and Genro (elder statesman).
Japanese: ただし、その後にアメリカの鉄道王ハリマンが満洲における鉄道の共同経営を提案したのを首相や元老の反対を押し切って拒否した件については評価が分かれる。
English: He consistently promoted continental policy, and concluded Russo-Japanese Agreement and took part in the annexation of Korea.
Japanese: 日露協約の締結や、韓国併合にも関り、一貫して日本の大陸政策を進めた。
English: He was nicknamed "Nezumi (a mouse) minister" from his appearance of having a big head, small stature and shabby beard, and agile power of action.
Japanese: 小柄で頭が大きく、貧相な髭を生やした容貌と、すばやい行動力から『ねずみ公使』とあだ名された。
English: It is said that he did not keep a diary as he believed that one's achievements would be judged by the future generations.
Japanese: 仕事は後世の人間が判断することである、として一切日記を付けなかったとされる。
English: When he was stationed in Russia, he continued reading massive amount of books in a dark room and a doctor warned him that 'if you continue using your eyes in that way, you will lose your eyesight'.
Japanese: ロシア駐在時、暗い室内で膨大な数の書物を読み込み続けたため、医者からは「これ以上目を使い続けると失明する」と忠告された。
English: However in my country those people are called "Dekunobo" (literally; a boy of wooden doll, meaning: a blockhead) and they are not trusted for important matter.'
Japanese: 「しかし我が国ではそのような者を『木偶の坊』などといい、大事を託さぬ事になっているのでございます。」
English: Reuters' and 'Times' reported news in favor of Japan and therefore pro-Japanese public opinion was formed in America in 1905.
Japanese: 「ロイター」｢タイムズ」が日本寄りのニュースを送っていたことから1905年のアメリカは日本びいきの世論が醸成されていた。
English: Being tossed about in society, Witte rolled out with maneuvering for public opinion such as deliberately leaking information about on-going negotiation, which was suppose to be the secrets between the two countries, to American newspaper reporters in expectation of receiving a favor in return, but Komura kept the secret as a representative of the country.
Japanese: 社交界で揉まれたウィッテは両国間で秘密とされた交渉途中の内容をアメリカの新聞記者に漏らして恩を売るなど世論工作を繰り広げたが小村は国の代表として秘密を守った。
English: In the middle of the night of the day Treaty of Portsmouth was concluded, a guardsman heard a strange cry coming from a room of the hotel and when the guardsman in his suspicions visited the room, he found Komura weeping loudly.
Japanese: ポーツマス条約が結ばれた深夜、ホテルの一室から妙な泣き声が聞こえてくるのを不審に思った警備員がその部屋を訪ねると小村が大泣きしていたのを発見した。
English: It is said that Hirobumi ITO and Aritomo YAMAGATA carried Komura, who collapsed in tears, in arms from both side to Shushokantei (prime minister's official residence).
Japanese: 泣き崩れた小村を両脇から伊藤博文と山県有朋が抱えて首相官邸へ連れて行ったという。
English: Yoshinori UESUGI (1333 - May 22, 1378) is a busho (Japanese military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 上杉能憲（うえすぎよしのり、正慶2年/元弘3年（1333年）-永和(日本)4年/天授(日本)4年4月17日(旧暦)（1378年5月14日））は、南北朝時代(日本)の武将である。
English: He was adopted by Shigeyoshi UESUGI (the Takuma-Uesugi family), but the foster father was assassinated by KO no Moronao who was a steward in the Ashikaga family, due to his defeat of political war.
Japanese: 上杉重能（詫間上杉家）の養子となるが、養父は足利家の執事であった高師直との政争に敗れ暗殺されている。
English: Yoshinori served Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA who was the shogun of Muromachi Bakufu, and contended against Takauji during the Kanno Disturbance with Tadayoshi in 1350.
Japanese: 能憲は室町幕府将軍足利尊氏の弟の足利直義に仕え、1350年の観応の擾乱では直義とともに尊氏に敵対する。
English: Yoshinori, 17 years old at the time, raised an army in Hitachi Province, and in 1351, he caused Moronao's cousin KO no Morofuyu's ruin by attack in Suzawa, Kai Province (Yamanashi Prefecture).
Japanese: 当時17歳であった能憲は常陸国（茨城県）において挙兵し、1351年には師直の従弟であった高師冬を甲斐国（山梨県）須沢において攻め滅ぼした。
English: After he got armed groups of Kanto region in his clutches he went to the West, and he exploited a gap while Takauji reconciled with Tadayoshi and returned with Ko clan including Moronao, he devised a stratagem and executed Moronao and a whole family in Mukogawa, Settsu Province (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: 関東の武士団を手中にした能憲は西上し、尊氏が直義と和解し師直ら高氏一族と共に帰還する隙を狙い、調略を用いて師直を摂津国武庫川（兵庫県伊丹市）にて、一族ごと処刑した。
English: Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA escaped from Kyoto again and opposed to Takauji, and Yoshinori was defeated by Takauji's troop at Kanbara, Suruga Province.
Japanese: 足利直義は再び京都を脱出して尊氏と対立し、能憲は尊氏の軍に駿河国蒲原において敗れる。
English: He was sent into exile for a while, however, he was permitted later, and assisted the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA as a Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region).
Japanese: これにより一時流罪となるが、後に許され関東管領として鎌倉公方の足利氏満を補佐する。
English: FUJIWARA no Umakai (AD 694 to September 7, AD 737) was a politician during the Nara period.
Japanese: 藤原宇合（ふじわらのうまかい、持統天皇8年（694年）-天平9年8月5日(旧暦)（737年9月7日））は奈良時代の政治家。
English: Though he introduced himself at first as "Magai," after he entered China as a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China, he changed his name to "Umakai."
Japanese: 初めは「馬養」と名乗るが、遣唐使の副使として入唐後、「宇合」に改めたか。
English: In the New Year of 719, he was supposed to be appointed Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, but he became Senior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade because of his achievement as an assistant of Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China.
Japanese: 養老3年（719年）正月には正五位下と見え、遣唐副使の功により正五位上となる。
English: When the post of inspector of the provincial government was established in July of the same year, he was appointed the local inspector for 3 provinces as the Governor of Hitachi; namely Awa Province, Kazusa Province, and Shimousa Province.
Japanese: 同年7月の按察使設置時に、常陸守として安房・上総・下総3国の按察使に任命。
English: The poem of this time was in 'Kaifuso', and the poem that TAKAHASHI no Mushimaro saw him off remained in 'Manyoshu'.
Japanese: この時の詩が『懐風藻』にあり、高橋虫麻呂の見送る歌が『万葉集』に残る。
English: Moreover, in 780, he gave out the command to use the Umakai styled guard.
Japanese: なお、宝亀11年（780年）に、宇合の時の警固式を用いるようにとの命令が出ている。
English: FUJIWARA no Muchimaro (680 - August 29, 737) was a noble and a politician from Asuka period to the early Nara period.
Japanese: 藤原武智麻呂（ふじわらのむちまろ、天武天皇9年（680年）-天平9年7月25日(旧暦)（737年8月29日））は、飛鳥時代から奈良時代前期にかけての貴族・政治家。
English: After his father's death, he was promoted to Middle Councillor and became Fujiwara clan's central person in 721.
Japanese: 父没後の同5年（721年）には、中納言に昇進して藤原一族の中心的存在となる。
English: After Prince Nagaya lost his power, he became chief councilor of state in 729 and was appointed the position the Minister of the Right in 734.
Japanese: 長屋王失脚後の神亀元年（729年）に大納言、天平6年（734年）に右大臣就任。
English: In 737 July, he came down with smallpox that was prevalent at that time and was awarded Senior First Rank Minister of the Left in his dying bed.
Japanese: 天平9年（737年）7月、当時流行していた天然痘に倒れ、臨終の床にて正一位左大臣を授けられる。
English: However, something that deserves a special mention is, while he was the university head, he was active in the educational administration side such as the establishment of the university system.
Japanese: しかし、大学頭だった時代に大学制度の設立につくすなど文教行政面での活躍は特筆すべきものがある。
English: Because he was a well educated person himself, he was selected as the home tutor (Togu-no-fu) for Emperor Shomu when he was a Crown Princess.
Japanese: 彼自身も深い教養の持ち主であり、聖武天皇の皇太子時代には家庭教師役（東宮傅）に選ばれたこともあった。
English: Tadanobu SATO (1161 – November 4, 1186) was a Busho in the end of Heian period and a vassal of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
Japanese: 佐藤忠信（さとうただのぶ、応保元年（1161年）?-文治2年9月21日(旧暦)（1186年11月4日））は、平安時代末期の武将で、源義経の家臣。
English: In 1180 when Yoshitsune in Oshu went to the armed camp of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had raised an army, he accompanied Yoshitsune along with his brother Tsugunobu by order of FUJIWARA no Hidehira. 
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）奥州にいた義経が挙兵した源頼朝の陣に赴く際、藤原秀衡の命により兄・継信と共に義経に随行。
English: When Yoshitsune angered Yoritomo because he gained a government post without Yoshitsune's permission after the naval battle of Danno-ura on April 15, 1185, Tadanobu also assumed the position of Hyoe no jo (Lieutenant of the Middle Palace Guards), so Yoritomo abused him, saying "There is no precedent that a Hidehira's retainer was appointed to efu (a palace guard). You should know who you are. A guy who gets carried away is inferior to a cat (or badger, or raccoon dog)."
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）4月15日壇ノ浦の合戦後、義経が許可を得ずに官職を得て頼朝の怒りを買った際、忠信も共に兵衛尉に任官しており、頼朝から「秀衡の郎党が衛府に任ぜられるなど過去に例が無い。身の程を知ったらよかろう。その気になっているのは猫（もしくは狢、狸?）にも落ちる。」と罵られている。
English: On October 17, 1185 when Yoshitsune and Yoritomo confronted and Yoritomo dispatched Shoshin TOSANOBO, an assassin, to Yoshitsune's mansion in Kyoto, Yoshitsune, who chose Tadanobu from his small number of retainers remained in his mansion for a companion, jumped out of the gate and fought back himself. 
Japanese: 文治元年（1185年）10月17日義経と頼朝が対立し、京都の義経の屋敷に頼朝からの刺客である土佐坊昌俊が差し向けられ、義経は屋敷に残った僅かな郎党の中で忠信を伴い、自ら門を飛び出して来て応戦している。
English: Although he accompanied Yoshitsune who had been expelled from Kyoto on November 3, 1185, their ship heading for Kyushu sank and the brigade was dismissed. 
Japanese: 文治元年（1185年）11月3日都を落ちる義経に同行するが、九州へ向かう船が難破し一行は離散。
English: On September 22, 1186, from the letter he had sent to his ex-girlfriend who got married to another man, his place was located by Arisue KASUYA, a gokenin in Kamakura, who leaked the information, and he was attacked in the Nakamikado-Higashinotoin where he was hiding.
Japanese: 文治2年（1186年）9月22日、人妻であるかつての恋人に手紙を送った事から、鎌倉の御家人・糟屋有季に居所を密告され、潜伏していた中御門東洞院を襲撃される。
English: (Tadanobu's stone pagoda located in Io-ji Temple (Fukushima City) which is Sato clan's family temple tells that he died at the age of 34.)
Japanese: （佐藤氏の菩提寺である医王寺(福島市)の忠信の石塔には享年34とある）
English: In "Gikeiki" (a military epic about the life of Yoshitsune) written in the early Muromachi period, Tadanobu was described as one of the main characters who commit a fierce suicide after the brave fight in Kyoto where he was back alone from Yoshino as being Yoshitsune's undercover. 
Japanese: 室町時代初期に書かれた『義経記』での忠信は、義経の囮となって吉野から一人都に戻って奮戦し、壮絶な自害をする主要人物の一人となっている。
English: From the famous scene of Gikeiki, he became a model of "Genkuro Gitsune", commonly known as "Tadanobu KITSUNE" from "Yoshitsune Senbonzakura", a famous program of Kabuki or ningyo joruri.
Japanese: 義経記の名場面から、歌舞伎もしくは人形浄瑠璃の演目として名高い「義経千本桜」の「狐忠信」こと「源九郎狐」のモデルになった。
English: There is an anecdote that Tsugunobu's wife and Tadanobu's wife wore their husbands' armors respectively disguised as their bravery in order to show and console their old mother (Otowa Gozen) who moaned at losing her two sons, and this anecdote was published in the government-designated textbook as an educational material for girls and women until the early Showa period. 
Japanese: 継信・忠信兄弟の妻たちは、息子2人を失い嘆き悲しむ老母（乙和御前）を慰めんとそれぞれの夫の甲冑を身にまとい、その雄姿を装って見せたという逸話があり、婦女子教育の教材として昭和初期までの国定教科書に掲載された。
English: Totaro UMEGATANI (March 16, 1845 - June 15, 1928) is the fifteenth yokozuna (sumo grand champion) of the grand sumo tournament.
Japanese: 梅ヶ谷藤太郎（うめがたにとうたろう、弘化2年2月9日(旧暦)(1845年3月16日)-1928年(昭和3年)6月15日）は、大相撲の第15代横綱。
English: Although his recorded weight varies from 105 kilograms, 113 kilograms, 120 kilograms to 124 kilograms, he had a muscular body and did not look fat in his pictures.
Japanese: 体重は105kg、113kg、120kg、124kgと曖昧に伝えられているが、写真では筋骨隆々の体格で体重があるようには見えない。
English: Afterwards, he entered the Minato stable of Osaka zumo and got his sumo wrestler's professional name Umegatani which is said to be named after his hometown.
Japanese: その後大坂相撲の湊部屋に入門、四股名はこの時から梅ヶ谷、これは故郷にちなんでつけられたものだという。
English: After he became Osaka ozeki (a sumo wrestler of the second highest rank), he joined Tokyo zumo (the Tamagaki stable) at the end of 1870.
Japanese: 大坂大関になった後明治3年（1870年）暮れに東京に加入（玉垣部屋に所属）する。
English: One reason behind this was that sumo wrestlers who came from Osaka were disliked because Kyugoro JINMAKU was in Osaka.
Japanese: 陣幕久五郎が大坂にいたため大坂から来た力士が嫌われていたためもある。
English: As a matter of course, he carried all before him in his division and was promoted to the top Makuuchi division, where he set a champion-like record of eight wins and one tie in the December 1874 tournament.
Japanese: 当然こんな地位からでは敵などおらず、明治7年（1874年）12月場所新入幕で8勝1分の優勝相当成績を挙げた。
English: In 1876 during the Fukuoka tournament, he faced Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki) where sumo wrestlers fought against rebellious clans, and he played an active role in the suppression of the war.
Japanese: 明治9年（1876年）には福岡県で興行を行っていた際に秋月の乱に遭遇し、力士と反乱氏族の戦闘になったが平定に活躍。
English: In 1877, he became komusubi (a sumo wrestler of the fourth highest rank) in the June tournament and then became sekiwake (a sumo wrestler of the third highest rank) in the December tournament where he won all his bouts.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）6月場所に小結、12月場所に関脇になると全勝。
English: Between 1876 and 1881, he won 58 consecutive bouts (except Hikiwake [draws], Azukari [undecided bouts] and absences).
Japanese: この間、明治9年（1876年）から明治14年（1881年）にかけて58連勝（引分(相撲)、預り(相撲)、休は除く）した。
English: After being defeated by ozeki Kyuzaburo WAKASHIMA, he had a 35-bout winning streak up until the May 1884 tournament.
Japanese: 大関若嶌久三郎に1敗したのち明治17年（1884年）5月場所まで35連勝を記録。
English: In fact, he was approached and given yokozuna licenses by both Yoshida Tsukasake family and the Gojo family, but he preferred the license awarded by Yoshida Tsukasake family.
Japanese: この際に吉田司家と五条家の両方から打診があったが梅ヶ谷は吉田司家の免許を希望、両方から授与された。
English: In tenranzumo (sumo wrestling performed in imperial presence) in March, he exhibited dohyoiri (an entrance procession of a sumo wrestler into the ring) with mawashi (a sumo wrestler's belt) which Hirobumi ITO prepared for him (it is said his own mawashi was not in time for the bout).
Japanese: 3月の天覧相撲では伊藤博文が用意した廻し（自前のまわしが間に合わなかったという）で土俵入りを披露。
English: A bout was scheduled between him and Uzaemon ODATE at the request of the Emperor Meiji, and they put up a hard fight which ended in a draw.
Japanese: 明治天皇のリクエストで大達羽左エ門との割が組まれたが大熱戦の末に引分けた。
English: In 1885, he retired from sumo in the May tournament and succeeded to the name of toshiyori (a retired wrestler who is a trustee of the Japan Sumo Association), Ikazuchi.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）5月場所を最後に引退、年寄雷(相撲)を襲名した。
English: In 1904, when Ozumo-josetsukan (later the Kokugikan Sumo Hall) was planned to be constructed, Yasuatsu IIJIMA, the manager of the headquarters of Yasuda Zaibatsu, granted Ikazuchi a loan of 400 thousand yen (equivalent to 10 billion yen at today's prices) without collateral, which shows how much Ikazuchi was respected and trusted by others.
Japanese: 人望が非常に厚く、明治37年（1904年）大相撲常設館（当時はまだ国技館の呼称はない）建設が計画された際には、安田財閥本所支店長の飯島保篤から何と自分の信用だけで40万円（現在なら100億円に相当するという）を無担保で借りることに成功。
English: Since then, the Japan Sumo Association has brought sekihan (auspicious white rice with red beans) to the Iijima family as a token of gratitude on the first day of every tournament.
Japanese: 協会は飯島に感謝し毎場所初日に飯島家に赤飯を届けるようになったという。
English: After his disciple Totaro UMEGATANI the second retired from sumo in the June 1915 tournament, Ikazuchi handed over control of his stable to him, transmitted his professional name to him and retired from business, but the Japan Sumo Association bestowed the honorific title of "Oikazuchi" on Ikazuchi and welcomed him as an adviser.
Japanese: 大正4年（1915年）6月場所で弟子の梅ヶ谷藤太郎(2代)が引退すると雷部屋と年寄名跡を譲って廃業したが、協会は「大雷」の尊称を贈り相談役待遇として接していた。
English: Considering the standard for longevity was Kanreki (one's 60th birthday) at that time, he lived a long life as a sumo wrestler and set a record as a longest-lived yokozuna.
Japanese: 還暦が長生きの基準だった時代の力士としては非常な長命であり、横綱の長寿記録を樹立した。
English: It is said that he had a solid fighting style in which he pushed his opponent while holding his belt to draw his right upper arm a little closer and keeping the left arm a little apart from his body.
Japanese: 右上手を浅く引きつけ左は筈かのぞかせて寄る堅実な取り口だったとされる。
English: As mentioned above, he set a record of 58 consecutive wins which are still the third highest record ever, as of 2008, following Sadaji FUTABAYAMA with 69 wins and Kajinosuke TANIKAZE with 63 wins.
Japanese: 前述の通り58連勝を記録、平成20年（2008年）現在でも双葉山定次69連勝、谷風梶之助63連勝に次ぐ歴代3位の記録であった。
English: On November 24, 1959, "the monument in memory of UMEGATANI the first" was unveiled at Harazuru-onsen Hot Spring resort in Fukuoka Prefecture.
Japanese: 昭和34年（1959年）11月24日、福岡県原鶴温泉に「初代梅ヶ谷記念碑」の除幕式が行われた。
English: It is said that he was such a dedicated sumo wrestler that he always pressed his upper arms against his sides even in his sleep and gripped Geta (Japanese wooden sandals) tightly with his big toes in walking, which made big dents in his Geta.
Japanese: 研究熱心で寝た間も二の腕を脇から離したことがなく、彼の下駄は親指に力を入れて歩くため、その辺がひどく窪んだという。
English: Korekata KOJIMA (March 7, 1837-July 1, 1908) was a judicial officer in Meiji Period.
Japanese: 児島惟謙（こじまこれかた、1837年3月7日（天保8年2月1日(旧暦)）-1908年（明治41年）7月1日）は、明治期の司法官。
English: At Otsu Incident described later, he, as the chief justice of Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan), persisted in the independence of judicature from governing section and was highly evaluated as "the God of protecting the Constitution".
Japanese: 後述する大津事件の際には、大審院長として司法権の政治部門からの独立を守り抜き、「護法の神」などと高く評価された。
English: The name, Korekata KOJIMA was a kemyo (assumed name) he began to use when he left the domain described later and he used this name until the end of his life.
Japanese: 「児島惟謙」は後述する脱藩を機に用い始めた仮名で、児島はこれを終生用いた。
English: Besides "Korekata", he was also called "Iken", "Korekane", and the like.
Japanese: 名前は「これかた」以外にも「いけん」、「これかね」などとも呼ばれる。
English: He was born as the second son of Koreakira KANEKO, a feudal retainer of Uwajima Domain, in Uwajima City, Ehime Prefecture in1837.
Japanese: 1837年に愛媛県宇和島市で宇和島藩士の金子惟彬の二男として出生した。
English: His childhood days were not easy, as he was separated from his real mother, put out to nurse, and apprenticed to service at a sake brewery.
Japanese: 幼くして生母とは生別したり、里子に出されたり、造酒屋で奉公したりと、安楽とはいえない幼少期を送った。
English: In 1868 he entered the government service, experienced Goyogakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household) of Niigata Prefecture and Syosanji of Shinagawa Prefecture, and then joined the Ministry of Justice in December 1870.
Japanese: 1868年に仕官し、新潟県御用掛、品川県少参事を経て、1870年12月に司法省入省。
English: He experienced the president of Nagoya Court and so forth, and became the chief justice of Osaka kosoin (Osaka court of appeal) in 1883, then in 1886 he supported the establishment of Kansai Horitsu Gakko (Kansai Law School), the predecessor of Kansai University, and became a honorary member of the school.
Japanese: 名古屋裁判所長などを経て1883年に大阪控訴院長となり、1886年には関西法律学校（関西大学の前身）創立を賛助し、名誉校員となった。
English: The Prime Minister, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, and other senior Japanese governmental officials strongly insisted on the application of high treason, so the Daishin-in decided to deal with the incident by themselves.
Japanese: 総理大臣松方正義ら政府首脳が大逆罪の適用を強く主張していたこともあり、大審院は事件を自ら処理することとした。
English: On the other hand, KOJIMA, under a belief that TSUDA's act did not constitute high treason (cf. the principle of "nulla poena sine lege"; the principle of legality), tried to persuade the judicial officers in charge to support him one by one.
Japanese: これに対して、児島は津田の行為は大逆罪の構成要件に該当しない（罪刑法定主義を参照）との信念のもと、担当司法官一人ひとりの説得に当たった。
English: KOJIMA, by his contribution toward maintaining the independence of the judicature, earned an excellent reputation from the Japanese public as "the God of protecting the Constitution".
Japanese: 児島は、司法権の独立の維持に貢献した「護法の神」と日本の世論から高く評価された。
English: The allied western powers at that time also evaluated his act as an indicator of Japan's advanced modernization.
Japanese: 児島は、当時の欧米列強からも日本の近代化の進展ぶりを示すものという評価を受けた。
English: However, independence of the judicature does not simply mean the independence of judicature from the outside, that is, it does not mean that the court decision should not be interfered by the governing section (legislation and administration).
Japanese: しかし、司法権の独立とは、単に政治部門（立法、行政）は裁判所の判断に干渉できないという司法権の外部からの独立のみを指すのではない。
English: It includes independent judgment of judges as well, that is, individual judges are capable of forming a judgment independently without being interfered by their fellow workers and his superior.
Japanese: 裁判官一人ひとりが、同僚や上長からの干渉を受けることなく独立して判断できるという裁判官の判断の独立も、そこには含まれている。
English: From this point of view, while Kojima kept the independence of judicature from the outside, he violated the principle of the independent judgment of the judges.
Japanese: こうしてみると、児島は司法権の外部からの独立は守ったが、その反面で、裁判官の判断の独立を自ら侵害したことになる。
English: In 1892 Kojima and others were suspected of entertaining themselves with "flower cards" gambling (Hokan-Roka Incident).
Japanese: 1892年、児島らが花札賭博に興じていたという疑惑が浮上した（法官弄花事件）。
English: After that he filled various posts such as a nominated member of the House of Peers (1894-1905) and a member of the House of Representatives (1898-1902) successivly.
Japanese: その後、貴族院勅撰議員（1894年-、1905年-）、衆議院議員（1898年-1902年）などを歴任。
English: King SHO Tai (August 3, 1843 - August 19, 1901) was a King of the Ryukyu Kingdom, the 19th of the line of the Second Sho Dynasty.
Japanese: 尚泰王（しょうたいおう、1843年8月3日（道光23年7月8日）-1901年8月19日）は、琉球王国第二尚氏王統第19代国王。
English: On June 8, 1848, SHO Tai ascended the throne at the tender age of 4 (in his 6th year).
Japanese: 道光28年5月8日（1848年6月8日）にわずか4歳（数え年では6歳）にして即位。
English: In 1854 U.S. naval officer Commodore Matthew Calbraith PERRY arrived in Ryukyu, so that a Treaty of Amity between the Ryukyu Kingdom and the United States was concluded.
Japanese: 咸豊4年（1854年）にはマシュー・ペリーが琉球に来航し琉米修好条約を締結。
English: In the following year after an abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures (which is known as Haihan-chiken in Japanese), although Ryukyu had basically maintained her identity (independence) by sending missions to Japan and Qing (China), yet in 1872 Japan forced SHO Tai to be resigned to establishing a vassal relationship with Japan, and SHO Tai was thereby appointed King of the Ryukyu Han (feudal clan) and given a residence in Tokyo with the new title Han-O (king of the clan).
Japanese: 他府県の廃藩置県も済んだ翌年、元来琉球は日本と清（中国）に使を送り独自性を保っていたが、同治11年（1872年）に日本は強引に尚泰を琉球藩藩王に冊封し、東京に藩邸を与えられた。
English: Thus, in 1879 the Ryukyu Kingdom was forcibly demolished and the Okinawa Prefecture was created instead, SHO Tai was forced to abdicate and vacate the royal residence of Shuri-jo Castle, whereby the Ryukyu Kingdom disappeared.
Japanese: 然うして光緒5年（1879年）の所謂琉球処分の断行で琉球藩に沖縄県が設置されると、王号を剥奪され居城の首里城も追われ、琉球王国は消滅した。
English: SHO Tai and his courtiers moved to one of the Ryukyuan royal residences of Naka-gusuku Castle (the Nakagushiku Udun in Ryukyuan), but were displaced to a residence in Tokyo upon order of the Meiji Imperial Government.
Japanese: 尚泰たちは琉球王家の屋敷の一つ中城御殿に移ったが、明治政府の命により東京に移住させられる。
English: A famous "Nuchi du Takara" (words in Ryukyuan, meaning "Life is the treasure") was once attributed to King SHO Tai, but it is originally the lines in a play.
Japanese: 「命どぅ宝」は尚泰王の言葉と言われることもあるが、本来は演劇中のセリフである。
English: Hisoka MAEJIMA (February 4, 1835-April 27, 1919) was a Japanese government official as well as a statesman.
Japanese: 前島密（まえじまひそか、天保6年1月7日(旧暦)（1835年2月4日）-大正8年（1919年）4月27日）は、日本の官僚、政治家。
English: He has also been known to have made a petition for Edo-sento (Transferring of the national capital to Edo) as against Osaka-sento (Transferring of the national capital to Osaka) forwarded at first by Toshimichi OKUBO and others.
Japanese: 大久保利通らが当初進めていた大阪遷都に対し江戸遷都を建白した事でも知られる。
English: He was born as the second son of Sukeemon UENO, a wealthy farmer in Shimoikebe, Tsuari-mura, Kubiki-gun, Echigo Province (Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture at present).
Japanese: -越後国頸城郡津有村下池部（現在の新潟県上越市）に豪農、上野助右衛門の二男としてうまれる。
English: He became sozei gonnokami (the principle officer of tax), then in May, ekitei gonnnokami (the principle officer of posts) concurrently, and proposed Daijokan (Grand Council of State) to establish a postal system.
Japanese: -租税権正、5月には駅逓権正兼任となり、太政官に郵便制度創設を建議。
English: On coming back to Japan, he was appointed as Ekitei-no-kami (Minister of Post and Telecommunications), exerted himself to found a postal system, and established the basis of a modern postal system in Japan.
Japanese: -帰国、駅逓頭に任じられ、郵便制度創設に尽力、日本の近代的郵便制度の基礎を確立。
English: He participated in the establishment of Rikuun-Motogaisha (a land transportation company) (Nippon Express Co., Ltd. at present) and publication of Hochi Shinbun (newspaper) (Sports Hochi at present).
Japanese: -陸海元会社（現、日本通運）、報知新聞（現・スポーツ報知）の設立及び刊行に関与。
English: He resigned on "1881 Political Crisis" and established the Constitutional Progressive Party together with Shigenobu OKUMA.
Japanese: -「明治14年の政変」で辞職し、大隈重信らとともに立憲改進党を創立。