nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: "Harima Kagami" (History of Harima Province), written by Yoshu HIRANO during the middle of the Edo period, lists much information on Musashi and Iori, however, it doesn't mention that Musashi was from the Tabaru family.
Japanese: また、武蔵や伊織に関する多くの記事を載せている江戸中期に平野庸脩が作成した地誌『播磨鑑』にも武蔵が田原家の出であるとはまったく触れられていない。
English: Note: Some material, including "Tosaku-shi," say that Musashi's father was Muni HIRATA and some historians follow that information, however, Muni HIRATA died before Musashi was born.
Japanese: 注：『東作誌』等で、武蔵の父親を「平田武仁」とする説が有名であるが、「平田武仁」は武蔵の誕生以前に死んでいる。
English: Other information from such material is also completely different from information of other materials, so such material are considered as unreliable for historical studies.
Japanese: また、それらの史料では、他の武蔵関係の記述も他史料との整合性が全く無く、武蔵に関しての史料価値はほとんど否定されている。
English: According to "Gorin no sho," at the age of thirteen, Musashi fought his first duel with Kihei ARIMA of Shinto-ryu School and beat him; at the age of sixteen, he beat a strong heihoka, Akiyama from Tajima Province; until the age of twenty-nine, he fought over sixty times and beat every opponent.
Japanese: 『五輪書』には13歳で初めて新当流の有馬喜兵衛と決闘し勝利、16歳で但馬国の秋山という強力の兵法者に勝利、以来29歳までに60余回の勝負を行い、すべてに勝利したと記述される。
English: In the past, it had been said that he fought in the Battle of Sekigahara (1600) for the Western army (the Toyotomi forces), because the Shinmen clan, which Muni SHINMEN (Musashi's father) had served once, fought under Hideie UKITA of the Western army; however, according to "Kuroda-han Bugencho" (The Register of the Kuroda Clan), since before the battle, Muni had served the Kuroda family which had governed Buzen Province (the information is found in the article of 1602 and 1604 of the register), therefore, presumably, in the battle Muni and Musashi fought for the Eastern army (the Tokugawa forces) following Yoshitaka KURODA (Josui KURODA) in Kyushu region.
Japanese: 慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いでは従来、父無二の旧主君であった新免氏が宇喜多秀家配下であったことからそれに従って西軍に参加したと言われてきたが、父の新免無二が関ヶ原の戦い以前に東軍の黒田家に仕官していたことを証明する黒田家の文書（『慶長7年・同9年黒田藩分限帖』）が存在することから、父と共に当時豊前を領していた黒田孝高に従い東軍として九州で戦った可能性が高い。
English: A vassal of the Kuroda family, Minehira TACHIBANA (Hokin TANJI) adapted the information of "Kuroda-han Bugencho" for a Musashi's biography "Heiho Taiso Bushu Genshin-ko Denrai" (Biography of Marvelous Patriarch of Art of Warfare, Esquire Musashi Harunobu) which is also known as "Tanji Hokin Hikki" and "Bushu Denrai-ki;" according to the book, at the Battle of Sekigahara, Musashi served Josui KURODA and fought in Ishigakibaru of Bungo Province (present Beppu City, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu region) against the squad led by Yoshimune OTOMO of the Western army; the book also describes Musashi's anecdotes at the departure and at the attack of Tomiku-jo Castle.
Japanese: この説に従う黒田家臣・立花峯均による武蔵伝記『兵法大祖武州玄信公伝来』（『丹治峯均筆記』・『武州伝来記』とも呼ばれる）では、黒田如水の軍に属して九州豊後国の石垣原（今の別府市）で西軍大友義統軍との合戦に出陣し、出陣前の逸話や冨来城攻めでの奮戦振りの物語が語られている。
English: In "Gorin no sho," Musashi mentioned his fights in his youth as "I went to Kyoto at the age of twenty-one and met the strongest heihoka (tactician) in Japan, I fought with them several times and I had never been beaten."
Japanese: 『五輪書』には「廿一歳にして都へ上り、天下の兵法者にあひ、数度の勝負をけつすといへども、勝利を得ざるという事なし」と記述される。
English: If Musashi was born in 1584, it is considered that he went to Kyoto in 1604.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）に武蔵が生まれたと考えると慶長9年（1604年）のことになる。
English: The strongest heihoka in Japan' ("Tenka no Heihosha") is considered to be identical with 'the strongest heihoka in Japan, Yoshioka' ("Fuso Daiichi no Heijutsu Yoshioka") in the inscription of "Kokura Hibun," and that 'Yoshioka' is considered to be Yoshioka School of Heiho (art of warfare).
Japanese: 「天下の兵法者」は、『新免武蔵玄信二天居士碑』（小倉碑文）に記された「扶桑第一之兵術吉岡」、すなわち吉岡一門と考えられる。
English: However, the most famous fight is the duel at Ganryu-jima Island ('Ganryu-jima no Ketto').
Japanese: 武蔵が行った勝負の中で最も広く知られているものは、俗に「巌流島の決闘」といわれるものである。
English: In those days, Ganryu-jima Island (located in the Kanmon Strait) was called Funa-shima Island (literally, 'boat island') and belonged to the Kokura Domain of Buzen Province (at present, it belongs to Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture); at the island, Musashi fought with a heihoka, Kojiro SASAKI in the Keicho era (1596-1615).
Japanese: これは慶長年間に豊前国小倉藩領（現在は山口県下関市域）の舟島（関門海峡に浮かぶ巌流島）で、佐々木小次郎なる兵法者と戦ったとされるものである。
English: In the past, it had been said that Musashi fought in the Siege of Osaka (1614-1615) for the Toyotomi forces, however, that opinion is invalid and unreliable.
Japanese: 大坂の役（慶長19年（1614年）-元和(日本)元年（1615年））では従来、豊臣方として参戦したと通説の如く語られるが、根拠のない俗説である。
English: According to various reliable materials, at the Siege of Osaka, he was invited by Katsunari MIZUNO as an honored guest, and served Katsunari's oldest son Katsusige MIZUNO (later changed his name to Katsutoshi) and played a very active part in the Tokugawa forces (the enemy of the Toyotomi forces).
Japanese: 実際は水野勝成の客将として徳川方に参陣し、勝成の嫡子・勝重（のち水野勝俊）付で活躍したことが数々の資料から裏付けられている。
English: In Akashi (present Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture), he was involved in a project of dividing the land of the city ('machiwari') for land development, and several projects that was concerned with making gardens ('sakutei') for Himeji-jo Castle, Akashi-jo Castle, and other castles and temples.
Japanese: 明石では町割（都市計画）を行い、姫路・明石等の城や寺院の作庭を行っている。
English: According to a book "Kaijo Monogatari" (the Kaijo Story), during his years in Akashi, Musashi fought with Gonnosuke MUSO, the patriarch of Shinto Muso-ryu School of Jo-jutsu (art of using a stick as a weapon).
Japanese: 『海上物語』ではこの時期、夢想権之助（神道夢想流杖術開祖）と明石で試合したことが伝えられている。
English: According to Musashi's famous biography "Niten-ki," he fought with Gonnosuke in Edo, however, the information on the fight isn't found in the other Musashi biography "Buko-den" on which the writer of "Niten-ki" is based.
Japanese: 同記事のある『二天記』ではこの試合は江戸でのこととされるが、この記事は『二天記』の原史料である『武公伝』には記載されていない。
English: In the early Genna era (Japan, 1615-1624), Musashi adopted Mikinosuke MIYAMOTO, the third son of Shimanosuke NAKAGAWA (a vassal of the Mizuno family), and let him serve the lord of Himeji-jo Castle, Tadatoki HONDA, however, Mikinosuke committed suicide as a loyal samurai following Tadatoki's death in 1626.
Japanese: 元和(日本)の初めの頃、水野家臣中川志摩助の三男宮本三木之助を養子とし、姫路城主本多忠刻に出仕させるが、三木之助は寛永3年（1626年）に亡くなった忠刻に殉死する。
English: Soon after that, the younger brother of Mikinosuke became the heir to the Miyamoto family, and in the same year Musashi adopted Sadatsugu MIYAMOTO, the second son of Hisamitsu TABARU (one of the strong governors of Harima Province); Sadatsugu called himself Iori, and by order of Musashi, he served the lord of Akashi-jo Castle, Tadazane OGASAWARA.
Japanese: 宮本家は三木之助の実弟が後を継ぎその後も存続したが、同じ年に播磨の地侍田原久光の次男宮本貞次を新たに養子とし、宮本伊織貞次として明石城主小笠原忠真に出仕させている。
English: In the Shimabara War in 1638, Iori went to the front following Tadazane OGASAWARA (by that time, he had become the lord of Kokura-jo Castle), and Musashi went to the front too, as the tutor of the lord of Nakatsu-jo Castle, Nagatsugu OGASAWARA (a nephew of Tadazane).
Japanese: 寛永15年（1638年）の島原の乱では、小倉城主となっていた小笠原忠真に従い伊織も出陣、武蔵も忠真の甥である中津城主小笠原長次の後見として出陣している。
English: After the war, Musashi wrote a letter to the lord of Nobeoka-jo Castle, Naozumi ARIMA, and said "I was also hit by rocks thrown (by the rebel militia) and almost was seriously wounded on the shin."
Japanese: 乱後に延岡城主の有馬直純に宛てた武蔵の書状には「拙者も石ニあたりすねたちかね」と一揆軍の投石によって負傷したことを伝えている。
English: According to legend, during his stay in Kokura (presently Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture), on orders of Tadazane, Musashi fought with Yoshitsugu TAKADA of Hozoin-ryu School of So-jutsu (art of using a spear).
Japanese: また、小倉滞在中に忠真の命で宝蔵院流槍術の高田吉次と試合したことが伝えられている。
English: In 1640, he was invited as an honored guest by the lord of Kumamoto-jo Castle, Tadatoshi HOSOKAWA, and moved to Kumamoto (present Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 寛永17年（1640年）熊本城主細川忠利に客分として招かれ熊本に移る。
English: In Kumamoto, he was treated incredibly well as a guest (without becoming a vassal); he was given a rice stipend of sichi-nin fuchi eighteen koku (3.25 cubic meters, equivalent of an annual rice stipend for seven vassals), goryokumai (rice given to help the poor) 300 koku (54.12 cubic meters), and a residence in Chiba-jo Castle (east of Kumamoto-jo Castle), what's more, he was allowed to practice falconry which usually only vassals in the status over Karo (chief retainer) were allowed to do.
Japanese: 7人扶持18石に合力米300石が支給され、熊本城東部に隣接する千葉城に屋敷が与えられ、家老以上の身分でなければ許可されない鷹狩りが許されるなど客分としては破格の待遇で迎えられる。
English: He was even invited by Tadatoshi to Yamaga-onsen Hot Springs; Dokan ASHIKAGA was also invited at the same time, he was a guest as well and known as a surviving child of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA (the thirteenth shogun of the Muromachi Bakufu).
Japanese: 同じく客分の足利義輝遺児足利道鑑と共に忠利に従い山鹿温泉に招かれるなど重んじられている。
English: In the next year Tadatoshi died suddenly, however, Musashi had kept being treated well as an honored guest by the second head of the clan, Mitsunao HOSOKAWA, and given goryokumai 300 koku every year.
Japanese: 翌年に忠利が急死したあとも2代藩主細川光尚によりこれまでと同じように毎年300石の合力米が支給され賓客として処遇された。
English: Musashi's biography "Buko-den" describes his popularity in Kumamoto "according to Shisui (Gengozaemon YAMAMOTO, a direct disciple of Musashi), over a thousand swordsmen, including the Lord, of course, NAGAOKA Shikibu Yoriyuki, SAWAMURA Uemon Tomoyoshi, vassals, secretaries, vassals of other clans, guest retainers and statesmen in lower position, from all over the Higo Province (present Kumamoto Prefecture), came and entered Musashi's school."
Japanese: 『武公伝』は武蔵直弟子であった士水（山本源五左衛門）の直話として「士水伝えて云、武公肥後にての門弟、太守はじめ長岡式部寄之、沢村宇右衛門友好、その他、御家中、御側、外様、及陪臣、軽士に至り千余人なり」とこぞって武蔵門下に入ったことを伝えている。
English: In 1643, Musashi began to write "Gorin no sho" in Reigan-do Cave on Iwato at Mt. Kinbo (Mt. Kinpo, near to Kumamoto City).
Japanese: 寛永20年（1643年）熊本市近郊の金峰山にある岩戸の霊巌洞で『五輪書』の執筆を始める。
English: A few days before he died, he gave "Gorin no sho" and "Dokkodo" (The Way of Walking Alone) which is also called "Jisei-sho" (the document of the oath) to one of his disciples Magonojo TERAO.
Japanese: また、亡くなる数日前には「自誓書」とも称される『獨行道』とともに『五輪書』を兵法の弟子寺尾孫之允に与えている。
English: On June 13, 1645, Musashi died in his residence in Chiba-jo Castle.
Japanese: 正保2年5月19日(旧暦)（1645年6月13日）千葉城の屋敷で亡くなる。
English: Later, his adopted son Iori erected a stone monument "Shinmen Musashi Harunobu Niten Koji-Hi" in Mt. Tamuke in Kitakyushu City; it is called "Kokura Hibun" and regarded as one of the oldest records on Musashi.
Japanese: 北九州市手向山に養子伊織による武蔵関係最古の記録のひとつである『新免武蔵玄信二天居士碑』、通称「小倉碑文」がある。
English: At first, Musashi called his swordsmanship style of heiho (art of warfare) 'Enmei-ryu' ('Enmyo-ryu'), however, in "Gorin no sho," he called it 'Nito Ichi-ryu' or 'Niten Ichi-ryu,' and 'Niten Ichi-ryu' is considered to have been fixed at last.
Japanese: 武蔵の兵法は、初め円明流と称したが、『五輪書』では、二刀一流、または二天一流の二つの名称が用いられ最終的には二天一流となったものと思われる。
English: Magonojo TERAO and his younger brother Kumanosuke (Motomenosuke) were Musashi's disciples in Kumamoto and demonstrated great ability in familiarizing Niten Ichi-ryu Heiho in the Kumamoto domain of Higo Province.
Japanese: 熊本時代の弟子に寺尾孫之允・求馬助兄弟がおり、肥後熊本藩で二天一流兵法を隆盛させた。
English: One of Magonojo's disciples Sanzaemon SHIBATO instructed the Kuroda family of the Fukuoka domain in Niten Ichi-ryu Heiho.
Japanese: また、孫之允の弟子の一人柴任三左衛門は福岡藩黒田家に二天一流を伝えている。
English: The strongest heihoka in Japan' is considered to be identical with 'the strongest heihoka in Japan, Yoshioka' in the inscription of "Shinmen Musashi Harunobu Niten Koji-Hi" ("Kokura Hibun"), and that 'Yoshioka' is considered to be the Yoshioka School of Heiho (art of warfare).
Japanese: 「天下の兵法者」は、『新免武蔵玄信二天居士碑』（以降、『小倉碑文』）に記された「扶桑第一之兵術吉岡」すなわち吉岡家と考えられる。
English: Following is a summary of a fight scene written in "Kokura Hibun" by Musashi's adopted son Iori in 1654.
Japanese: 武蔵の養子伊織が承応3年（1654年）に記した『小倉碑文』の記録を要約する。
English: Seijuro was carried back home on a board by his disciples, and following recovery, he quit teaching heiho and became a monk.
Japanese: 清十郎の弟子は彼を板にのせて帰り、治療の後、清十郎は回復したが、兵術をやめ出家した。
English: The disciples of the Yoshioka thought that they could never beat Musashi by the proper way of heiho, so planned to call Musashi to Sagarimatsu, outside of Kyoto City, in the name of the next fight with Matashichiro YOSHIOKA; Matashichiro and hundreds of disciples armed with bows and other weapons, and waited for Musashi to attack and kill him.
Japanese: そこで、吉岡の門弟は秘かに図り、兵術では武蔵に勝てないので、吉岡亦七郎と洛外下松で勝負をするということにして、門下生数百人に弓矢などを持たせ、武蔵を殺害しようとした。
English: Musashi noticed their plan, however, he ordered his disciples to just watch and not to touch any weapon, and he faced the opponents and beat them on his own.
Japanese: 武蔵はそのことを知ったが、弟子に傍らから見ているように命じた後、一人で打ち破った。
English: In the materials by Iori MIYAMOTO including "Kokura Hibun" are found many errors and exaggerations for honoring Musashi.
Japanese: 宮本伊織が残した『小倉碑文』などの記録は、他の史料と比べて事実誤認や武蔵顕彰の為の脚色も多く見られる。
English: In the materials by the Yoshioka family, there is no information on Seijuro's defeat or retirement, Denshichiro's death, nor the last fight at Sagarimatsu, therefore, the fights might be fabrications.
Japanese: 吉岡家の記述に限定すれば、武蔵に完敗し引退した清十郎、死亡した伝七郎、洛外下松の事件の記録は他の史料になく、創作である可能性を否定する事はできない。
English: Besides, it is considered to be quite unrealistic that Musashi beat hundreds of swordsmen armed with swords, spears, naginata (Japanese halberd), bows and other weapons, on his own.
Japanese: また、兵仗弓箭（刀・槍・薙刀などの武具と弓矢）で武装した数百人の武人を相手に一人で勝利するなどの記述は明らかに現実離れしている。
English: In other materials, information of the fight between Muni and the Yoshioka in front of the shogun is not found, therefore, that anecdote might be a fabrication as well which Iori or someone came up with for enhancing the story by involving the shogun family.
Japanese: 同様に新免無二と吉岡家との足利義昭御前試合に関する逸話も他の史料になく、因縁を将軍家と絡めて描くことで物語性を高めるための創作である可能性を否定できない。
English: In "Yoshioka-den" (Biography of the Yoshioka), written by Doyu Fukuzumi in 1684, is found another version of the fights between Musashi and the Yoshioka.
Japanese: 福住道祐が貞永元年（1684年）に著した『吉岡伝』に武蔵と吉岡の対決の異説が記されている。
English: The writer, Doyu left other biographies including "Ukita-den" (Biography of the Ukita clan).
Japanese: 筆者の道祐は、宇喜多氏の伝記物『宇喜多伝』等を執筆する伝記作家である。
English: According to "Yoshioka-den," 'Musashi MIYAMOTO' was a vassal of Tadanao MATSUDAIRA, he was famous in the Hokuriku and Ou regions as a master of using two swords, and called his style 'Muteki-ryu;' he fought with two swordsmen of the Yoshioka, 'Genzaemon Naotsuna YOSHIOKA' and 'Mataichi Naoshige YOSHIOKA.'
Japanese: この文書には吉岡源左衛門直綱・吉岡又市直重という二人の吉岡側の人物と、松平忠直の家臣で無敵流を号し二刀の名手北陸奥羽で有名であるとの肩書きの宮本武蔵が登場する。
English: The description of the fights is very different from the description in 'Kokura Hibun,' therefore, it is difficult to simply assume that 'Naotsuna' and 'Naoshige' in "Yoshioka-den" are identical with 'Seijuro' and 'Denshichiro' in "Kokura Hibun."
Japanese: また試合内容が碑文と全く異なるため、直綱が清十郎で直重が伝七郎であると単純に対応づけすることはできない。
English: Musashi fought with Genzaemon Naotsuna and bled badly from cuts on the forehead, so some umpires judged Naotsuna had won and some umpires judged it should be a draw.
Japanese: 「源左衛門直綱との試合の結果、武蔵が額から大出血し、直綱勝利と引分けの2つの意見が出た。
English: That is the oldest record which claims that the fight between Musashi and the Yoshioka ended in a draw.
Japanese: これは宮本武蔵と吉岡家が試合をし引き分けたという内容の最初の史料である。
English: However, "Yoshioka-den" ranks Musashi with two mysterious swordsmen, 'Santoku ASAYAMA' and 'Rinsai KASHIMA' (materials on which the writer based are unconfirmed), and the explanation of Musashi's states and the name of his style are very different from the facts as well, except for using two swords, therefore, the fights in "Yoshioka-den" might be fabrication too.
Japanese: ただし、『吉岡伝』は朝山三徳・鹿島林斎という原史料不明の武芸者と同列に宮本武蔵が語られ、前述のようにその肩書きは二刀を使うことを除き現実から乖離しており、創作である可能性を否定できない。
English: Since in the Showa era a famous writer, Ryotaro SHIBA used "Yoshioka-den" as a material to write "Shinsetsu Miyamoto Musashi" (The True Story of Musashi MIYAMOTO), "Yoshioka-den" became famous and it is often mentioned as an important record by the Yoshioka against records by the Musashi.
Japanese: この史料は昭和になり司馬遼太郎が小説『真説宮本武蔵』の題材にしたことから、有名になり武蔵側の記録に対する吉岡側の記録として紹介される機会が多い。
English: "Honcho Bugei Shoden" (Short Stories of Japanese Masters of Martial Arts), written by Shigetaka HINATSU in 1716, lists many anecdotes of swordsmen including two versions of drawn games between Musashi and the Yoshioka.
Japanese: 日夏繁高が享保元年（1716年）に著した『本朝武芸小伝』には、巷間に伝わる武芸者の逸話が収録されているが、ここに武蔵と吉岡が引き分けた二つの話が記されている。
English: "Koro Sawa" (Old Man's Tea Talk), which was written by Ei KASHIWAZAKI in the 1740's, lists folklore including a version of the drawn game between Musashi and 'Kanefusa YOSHIOKA.'
Japanese: 柏崎永以が1740年代に編纂した『古老茶話』も巷間の伝承を記録したものであるが、宮本武蔵と吉岡兼房の対戦が記されており、結果はやはり引き分けと記されている。
English: An instructor of Niten Ichi-ryu in the Kuroda domain, Minehira TACHIBANA (Hokin TANJI) wrote a Musashi's biography "Heiho Taiso Bushu Genshin-ko Denrai" (Biography of Marvelous Patriarch of Art of Warfare, Esquire Musashi Harunobu), and in that book a legend is found about Musashi's fights with the Yoshioka as well.
Japanese: 黒田藩の二天一流師範、立花峯均が享保12年（1727年）に著した武蔵の伝記『兵法大祖武州玄信公伝来』にも、吉岡家との伝承が記されている。
English: The day of the fight, Musashi sent a message rejecting the fight because of his illness, however, Seijuro YOSHIOKA requested him to come to fight again and again.
Japanese: 清十郎との試合当日、武蔵は病になったと断りを入れたが、幾度も試合の要求が来た。
English: Finally Musashi arrived at the place in a bamboo palanquin; Seijuro came near to the palanquin to ask his condition, then suddenly Musashi struck him down with a wooden sword.
Japanese: 竹輿に乗って試合場に到着した武蔵を出迎え、病気の具合を聞く為に覗き込んだ清十郎を武蔵は木刀で倒した。
English: At the next fight, outside Kyoto City, Denshichiro faced Musashi with a long wooden sword (150 centimeters length); Musashi took the wooden sword and struck him down dead.
Japanese: 伝七郎は洛外で五尺の木刀を用いて武蔵に立ち向かったが、木刀を奪われ撲殺された。
English: At a final fight, Matashichiro gathered hundreds of disciples of the Yoshioka, armed with spears, naginata (Japanese halberd) and bows, and went to Sagarimatsu, outside of Kyoto City.
Japanese: 又七郎は、洛外下り松のあたりに鎗・薙刀・弓矢で武装した門人数百人を集めて出向いた
English: Musashi went to the place with over ten disciples as well; seeing the enemy, one of the young disciples stepped forward to guard Musashi and was hit with arrows.
Japanese: 武蔵側にも十数人門人がおり、若武者の一人が武蔵の前に立つが弓矢で負傷した。
English: Then Musashi ordered disciples to withdraw, and he followed them fighting against the hundreds of the enemy.
Japanese: これを見た武蔵は門人達を先に退却させ、自らがしんがりとなって、数百人の敵を打払いつつ退却した。
English: "Heiho Taiso Bushu Genshin-ko Denrai" quotes the complete inscription of "Kokura Hibun," so presumably, the writer, Minehira TACHIBANA based on "Kokura Hibun" and added other legends to it to develop the story.
Japanese: この文書には『小倉碑文』の全文が転記されており、碑文の内容を基に伝承を追記し、内容を発展させたものであると考えられる。
English: Minehira is also known as the writer who took part in writing a tea book "Nanboroku" ("Nanporoku," Record of Nanbo's Remarks).
Japanese: 本文書とは直接関わりがないが、立花峯均も編集に関わった文書として茶書『南方録』がある。
English: Toyotaka KOMIYA, an essayist of literature in the Meiji era, doubted some matters in "Nanboroku" and regarded it as a fabrication.
Japanese: この文書は後世、明治時代の文芸評論家・小宮豊隆により内容が疑問視され偽書とされた。
English: Therefore some historians consider the description of "Heiho Taiso Bushu Genshin-ko Denrai" is a fabrication as well.
Japanese: この事から類推し『兵法大祖武州玄信公伝来』の内容を同様に疑問視する意見もある。
English: Masanao TOYOTA, another instructor of Niten Ichi-ryu and a vassal of the Matsui clan who had served the Hosokawa family as Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers), wrote the Musashi biography "Buko-den" in 1755, and recorded tales by Musashi's direct disciples, which Masatake TOYOTA (Masanao's father) had gathered before.
Japanese: 細川家筆頭家老松井氏の家臣で二天一流師範、豊田正脩が宝暦5年（1755年）に完成させた『武公伝』には、正脩の父・豊田正剛が集めた武蔵の弟子達が語った生前の武蔵に関する伝聞が記載されている。
English: That book describes the fight at Sagarimatsu, which was based on the tale that Kakuzaemon DOKE heard directly from Musashi.
Japanese: これには、道家角左衛門が生前の武蔵から度々聞いた話として、洛外下松での詳しい戦いの模様が記されている。
English: According to that, Musashi stopped his disciples who tried to follow him, because a fight between groups was against the law.
Japanese: これによると、武蔵に従いたいという弟子に対して、集団同士の戦闘は公儀が禁ずるところであると断った。
English: In the previous fights, Musashi had beat Seijuro and Denshichiro taking advantage of his own lateness, so he planned to go to the place ahead of the opponent this time.
Japanese: 清十郎・伝七郎のときは、遅れたことで勝利したので、今回は逆のことをやることにした。
English: On the way to Sagarimatsu, he saw Hachiman-sha Shrine; although he had never prayed to win, for a moment he thought to try it for change; however, he didn't do it after all.
Japanese: 下松に行く途中に八幡社の前を通ったとき、普段はやらない勝利祈願をしようとしたが止めた。
English: The Yoshioka's disciples pulled out their swords too and shot arrows with short bows; an arrow pierced Musashi's sleeve, however, Musashi went on wielding his sword, so the Yoshioka's disciples were dismayed and ran away in all directions; then Musashi ended the fight with victory.
Japanese: 門弟が斬り付け、また、半弓で射られ矢が武蔵の袖に刺さったが、進んで追崩したため門弟は狼狽し縦横に走散し、勝利を得た。
English: This anecdote had been told among disciples of Niten Ichi-ryu in the Hosokawa domain as a fact which Musashi had often spoke about while he had been alive; Masanao TOYOTA recorded it in "Buko-den."
Japanese: この説話は、武蔵が度々語ったものとして当時の細川藩の二天一流の門弟間に伝えられていた伝聞を記録したものである。
English: "Buko-den" lists another tale by Kakuzaemon; according to that, at a dinner party of a first lesson of Yokyoku (Noh song) of year, Hoki no Kami (Governor of Hoki Province) Shimizu asked Musashi "I heard that at the fight of some years ago with Seijuro YOSHIOKA, Yoshioka had beaten you first, was that a fact?" and Musashi denied it.
Japanese: また『武公伝』に角左衛門の説話として、御謡初の夜の席での雑談で、志水伯耆から「先年吉岡清十郎ト仕合ノ節、吉岡先ヲ打タル由致風聞候ガ如何ニテ候哉」と、武蔵が先に清十郎から打たれたという話があるが本当か、と武蔵が訊ねられ武蔵が否定する話が記述されている。
English: "Buko-den" explains that in his later years, Musashi often told his disciples that he had beaten the Yoshioka; however, when he was alive, some people might have been already saying that the Yoshioka had beaten Musashi.
Japanese: 『武公伝』の話に従えば、晩年の武蔵は弟子等に盛んに吉岡に勝利したことを語っていたが、武蔵の生前に巷間に「吉岡が勝利した」という異説があったと考えることができる。
English: Masanao's son Kagehide TOYOTA adapted his father's work "Buko-den" for "Niten-ki;" later, in 1909, Miyamoto Musashi Iseki Kenshokai (the association in honor to the accomplishments of Musashi MIYAMOTO) of Kumamoto Prefecture regarded the descriptions in "Niten-ki" as historical facts and based on that to write "Miyamoto Musashi" (called "Kenshokai-bon"); in addition, Eiji YOSHIKAWA wrote a novel "Miyamoto Musashi" (1935-1939) based on the information of "Kenshokai-bon;"therefore, the stories written in "Niten-ki" became famous.
Japanese: 『武公伝』の内容は正脩の子・豊田景英によって『二天記』に再編集され、明治42年（1909年）熊本の宮本武蔵遺蹟顕彰会編纂による『宮本武蔵』通称『顕彰会本』で『二天記』が原資料の一つとなりそのまま史実とされ、さらに吉川英治が小説『宮本武蔵』（1935年-1939年）で『顕彰会本』の内容を用いたことから現代にも広く知られるようになった。
English: However, some tales have errors; for example, "Buko-den," "Kokura Hibun" and "Heiho Taiso Bushu Genshin-ko Denrai" claim that the Yoshioka ended due to the defeat at the fights with Musashi, however, according to other materials including "Suruga Koji-roku" (Old Record of Suruga Province), Yoshioka existed after the incident.
Japanese: 『小倉碑文』や『兵法大祖武州玄信公伝来』『武公伝』には武蔵との戦いで吉岡家が絶えたとあるが、吉岡家がその後も存続したことは『駿河故事録』等、いくつかの史料から推測できる。
English: In 1614, at a Sarugaku Performance in the Imperial Palace (in those days people were permitted to enter), 'Kiyojiro Shigekata YOSHIOKA (Kenpo YOSHIOKA)' had a fight with the security guards and was killed, and as a result, the Yoshioka School of Heiho ended; considering that information, the Yoshioka had still existed after the fights with Musashi (1604).
Japanese: それらの史料によると、慶長19年（1614年）に禁裏での一般にも開放された猿楽興行で、吉岡清次郎重賢（建法）なる者が警護の者と諍いをおこし切り殺されるという事件がおこり、これにより兵術吉岡家は滅んだという説があり、武蔵戦以降も吉岡家は存続している事になる。
English: "Honcho Bugei Shoden" describes another version of the incident at the Sarugaku Performance; according to that, although 'Matasaburo Kanefusa YOSHIOKA' had a fight with the security guards, other members of the Yoshioka present at the site didn't take any steps to help Matasaburo, therefore, Shoshidai (Representative of governor of the board of retainers) Katsusige ITAKURA didn't blame Yoshioka family.
Japanese: 前述の『本朝武芸小伝』にも猿楽興行の異説があり、事件を起こしたのは吉岡又三郎兼房であり、事件の最中吉岡一族の者が多く居たが、騒ぎたてず加勢しなかったため、所司代板倉勝重が吉岡一族を不問にしたとある。