nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1401, when Kagenaka was 14 years old, due to the death of his foster father, he succeeded to SHIRAI-NAGAO clan which was a family of senior vassals of UESUGI clan.
Japanese: 14歳であった応永8年（1401年）、養父の死によって上杉氏の重臣である白井長尾氏を継ぐ。
English: He first assisted Norisada UESUGI together with Tadamasa NAGAO who was a main retainer of that time, and from then on, he served five lords of UESUGI clan.
Japanese: 当時の家宰であった長尾氏の長尾忠政とともに上杉憲定を補佐し、以後5代の当主に仕えることとなる。
English: During the War of Zenshu UESUGI in 1416, Kagenaka beat a troop of Zenshu UESUGI at Yuigahama, and thanks to his victory, Norimoto UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei and Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Shogun's deputy for Kamakura) managed to return to Kamakura.
Japanese: 応永23年（1416年）の上杉禅秀の乱では、由比ヶ浜で上杉禅秀の軍を破って主君である関東管領上杉憲基と鎌倉公方足利持氏を鎌倉へと復帰させた。
English: In 1438, when Mochiuji rose in the Eikyo War to attack Norizane UESUGI, who was a heir of Norimoto, Tadamasa NAGAO sheltered Norizane in the Kozuke-Hirai-jo castle and rose in arms to attack Mochiuji.
Japanese: 永享10年（1438年）、持氏が憲基の後継である上杉憲実を討伐しようとして永享の乱を起こすと、長尾忠政は憲実を上野平井城に迎え入れて持氏討伐の兵を挙げる。
English: Kagenaka joined this war as a vice-commander, and he made a great contribution at the time when Tadamasa captured Mochiuji.
Japanese: この戦いで景仲も副将格として出陣して、忠政が持氏を捕らえた際にも功績があった。
English: After Tadamasa died around 1443, Kiyokata UESUGI (a blood younger brother of Norizane and a governor of Echigo Province) acted as a family head on behalf of Norizane, who had left UESUGI family with his children, and Kiyokata asked Kagenaka to be a main retainer of YAMANOUCHI-UESUGI family.
Japanese: 嘉吉3年（1443年）頃に忠政が没すると、子供達を連れて出奔した憲実に代わって当主の仕事を代行していた上杉清方（憲実実弟・越後国守護）の要請で山内上杉家の家宰に就任した。
English: However, Kiyokata died suddenly in 1446 (some said that he committed suicide), and as Norizane refused to return from his cloistered life, nobody succeeded to the position of Kanto Kanrei.
Japanese: ところが、文安3年（1446年）に清方は急死（自殺とも）し、憲実は隠遁生活からの復帰を承諾しなかったために関東管領は空位となった。
English: Since Kamakura Kubo had already been abolished during the Eikyo War, the absence of two positions caused political paralysis in the Kanto region.
Japanese: 先の永享の乱で鎌倉公方も廃絶していたため、関東地方の政治は停滞した。
English: Then, after consulting with Sukekiyo OTA, who was a main retainer of Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family and Kagenaka's son-in-low, Kagenaka called back the first son of Norizane, 竜忠 (Noritada UESUGI) to the family in order to have him succeed to Kanto Kanrei.
Japanese: そこで景仲は扇谷上杉家の家宰で娘婿の太田資清と相談して憲実の長男・竜忠（上杉憲忠）を連れ出して関東管領を継承させた。
English: However, Fusasada UESUGI, who had succeeded to a governor of Echigo Province from Kiyokata, and warlords of the Kanto region plotted to put up Eijuoumaru (Shigeuji ASHIKAGA), a bereaved child of Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, as a new Kamakura Kubo, and the Muromachi shogunate approved it.
Japanese: ところが、足利持氏の遺児・永寿王丸（足利成氏）を新しい鎌倉公方に擁立する動きが清方の後を継いだ越後守護・上杉房定や関東諸将の間で起き、室町幕府もこれを容認した。
English: In 1447, Eijuoumaru and Noritada UESUGI moved to Kamakura, and Noritada was appointed to Kanto Kanrei.
Japanese: 文安4年（1447年）、永寿王丸と上杉憲忠は鎌倉に入って憲忠が関東管領に任命された。
English: Eijuoumaru reached manhood two years later, in 1449, and was appointed to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)/the captain of the Left Division of Bureau of Horses.
Japanese: 永寿王丸は2年後の宝徳元年（1449年）に元服して従五位下左馬頭に任命された。
English: And also Eijuoumaru was allowed to call himself "Shigeuji ASHIKAGA (足利成氏)", borrowing one character (成) from the name of Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force), Yoshinari ASHIKAGA (足利義成) (later, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA), and was officially appointed 5th Kamakura Kubo.
Japanese: また永寿王丸は征夷大将軍足利義成（後の足利義政）の一字を拝領して「足利成氏」と名乗って正式に第5代鎌倉公方に就任した。
English: But Shigeuji started using bereaved children of warlords who died for Kamakura Kubo during the Eikyo War and Yuki War as his close aides, and it provoked antipathy among UESUGI clan and their vassals.
Japanese: だが、成氏が永享の乱・結城合戦で鎌倉公方家に殉じた武将の遺児達を側近として登用するようになると、上杉氏やその家臣団の反発も高まっていった。
English: In 1450, Mochisuke YANADA seized Nagao-go, Kamakura District, Sagami Province (now Nagaodai, Sakae Ward, Yokohama City) from NAGAO clan by the order of Shigeuji ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 宝徳2年（1450年）、相模国鎌倉郡長尾郷（現在の横浜市栄区長尾台）が足利成氏の命令を奉じた簗田持助(室町時代)に押領される事件が起きた。
English: As the name suggests, Nagao-go was the birthplace of NAGAO clan, and the Goryo-jinja shrine (Sakae Ward, Yokohama City) was the most important shrine for NAGAO clan, who performed religious services for their ancestors.
Japanese: この地はその名の通り長尾氏発祥の地であり、そこにある御霊神社_(横浜市栄区)は長尾氏一門の祖先祭祀の中心であった。
English: Members of NAGAO family including Kagenaka were outraged by the capture of Nagao-go and made a fierce protest against Shigeuji, but Shigeuji refused to return Nagao-go to NAGAO clan.
Japanese: この事態に景仲ら長尾氏一族は激しく憤慨して成氏に激しく抗議したが、成氏側は返還には応じようとしなかった。
English: On June 9 in the same year (the old calendar), Kagenaka NAGAO and Sukekiyo OTA attempted to launch a coup d'etat by invading Kamakura with 500 horse soldiers.
Japanese: 同年4月20日_(旧暦)、長尾景仲・太田資清が鎌倉に兵500騎を入れてクーデターを起こそうとした。
English: However, since Shigeuji detected the coup d'etat before its launch, he fled from Kamakura and took refuge in Enoshima.
Japanese: だが、成氏は事前にこの情報を入手すると、その夜のうちに鎌倉を脱出して江ノ島に立て籠もった。
English: The troop of NAGAO and OTA families was bitterly defeated, moreover, they knew that Kagenaka's lord, Noritada UESUGI, who did not know the background of the battle, sent a troop of OBATA clan to rescue Shigeuji.
Japanese: 長尾・太田軍は惨敗した上に、事情を知らない主君・上杉憲忠までが成氏救出のために小幡氏らを出陣させたことが明らかになった。
English: Therefore, Kagenaka NAGAO and Sukekiyo OTA fled to the Kasuya-no-yakata castle of Mochitomo UESUGI, who was Sukekiyo's lord and a family head of OGIGAYATSU-UESUGI clan.
Japanese: そのため、長尾景仲と太田資清は資清の主君である前扇谷上杉家当主上杉持朝の糟谷館（現在の神奈川県伊勢原市）に逃げ込んだ。
English: Noritada UESUGI had nothing to do with the coup d'etat, however, when he knew that the troop of NAGAO and OTA families attacked Shigeuji, he placed himself on probation (the Battle of Enoshima).
Japanese: 上杉憲忠は事件に全く関与していなかったが、襲撃したのが長尾・太田の兵であると知って謹慎してしまった（江ノ島合戦）。
English: Even after that, some subjects of both Shigeuji and Noritada often seized each other's territory.
Japanese: ところが、その後も成氏側・憲忠側双方の武士が対立陣営の所領を押領する事件が頻発した。
English: But, on January 24, 1455, during the night when Kagenaka stayed at the Goryo-gu shrine for prayer, Noritada was killed by the troop of Shigeuji at Shigeuji's residence.
Japanese: だが、享徳3年12月27日(旧暦)（1455年1月15日）、景仲が長尾郷の御霊宮に泊りがけで参詣に出ていた夜に、憲忠は成氏の御所において、成氏軍に討たれてしまう。
English: As soon as Kagenaka heard the assassination of Noritada, he returned to Kamakura and promptly set fire to a residence of Kanrei (Shogun's deputy) and had the people who survived including the official wife of Noritada (a daughter of Mochitomo UESUGI) evacuate to the Kasuya-no-yakata castle of Mochitomo.
Japanese: 憲忠暗殺の報せを聞いた景仲は鎌倉に戻ると、直ちに管領屋敷に火を放つとともに憲忠正室（上杉持朝の娘）ら生き残った人々を持朝の糟谷館に避難させた。
English: After arriving at the Kasuya-no-yakata castle, Kagenaka consulted with the key persons of UESUGI clan including Mochitomo, and decided to call back Noritada's younger brother, Fusaaki UESUGI, who was living in Kyoto as a new Kanto Kanrei and to defeat Shigeuji.
Japanese: 糟谷館に着いた景仲は、持朝ら上杉一族の要人と協議して京都にいる憲忠の弟・上杉房顕を次の関東管領に迎え入れるとともに成氏を討伐する事を決めた。
English: Kagenaka went to his own territory, Kozuke in order to call up more soldiers, and at the same time, he sent a messenger to the provincial governor of Echigo to call for reinforcements.
Japanese: 更に景仲はそのまま領国の上野に入って兵を集めるとともに、使者を越後守護の上杉房定に援軍を求めた。
English: In addition to that, Kagenaka sent his legitimate son, Kagenobu NAGAO, to Kyoto in order to report what was happening to the shogunate and to ask for shogunate's approval of Fusaaki's succession to Kanto Kanrei.
Japanese: 更に嫡男・長尾景信を直接京都に派遣して事の次第を幕府に報告するとともに、房顕を迎える事にした。
English: In 1456, Shigeuji left Kamakura to attack Kozuke Province, which was a main domain of UESUGI clan, and stayed at the Koan-ji temple in Fuchu, Musashi Province.
Japanese: 康正元年（1456年）に入ると、成氏は上杉氏の本国である上野を攻略するために鎌倉を出発して武蔵国府中の高安寺に入った。
English: As soon as Kagenaka NAGAO detected Shigeuji's action, he left for Fuchu with the soldiers of Kozuke and Musashi Provinces, and a troop of UESUGI clan also left for Fuchu to join the Kagenaka's troop.
Japanese: この報せを聞いた長尾景仲は直ちに上野・武蔵の兵を率いて府中に向けて出撃し、上杉一族もこれに合流すべく出陣した。
English: However, on February 16 (the old calendar), Kagenaka was defeated at the Battle of Bubaigawara-Musashi-Province and lost leading warlords including the head of OGIGAYATSU-UESUGI clan, Akifusa UESUGI.
Japanese: だが、1月21日(旧暦)、武蔵国分倍河原の戦い_(室町時代)にて惨敗し、扇谷上杉家当主上杉顕房ら名だたる武将を多く失った。
English: Only Kagenaka NAGAO barely survived at the battle and escaped to the Oguri-jo castle in Hitachi Province (now Chikusei City, Ibaraki Prefecture) with other survived soldiers.
Japanese: 難を逃れた長尾景仲だけが、残った軍をまとめて辛うじて常陸国小栗城（現在の茨城県筑西市）まで落ち延びる事が出来た。
English: On the other hand, Shigeuji was also attacked by Noritada IMAGAWA, who sided with UESUGI clan, and had to leave Kamakura, and then took refuge at the Koga-jo castle in Shimousa Province and used the name "Koga Kubo" (the Kyotoku War).
Japanese: だが、成氏も上杉氏救援に駆けつけた今川範忠によって鎌倉を追われて下総国古河城を根拠として「古河公方」を名乗った（享徳の乱）。
English: Kagenaka continuously led the troop of UESUGI clan, and at the Battle of Ueno/Hanetsugihara in 1459, he defeated the troop of Shigeuji and called "the greatest strategist in the Kanto region" ("Kamakura Ozoshi [the military epic of Kamakura and Koga]").
Japanese: 長禄3年（1459年）の上野・羽継原の戦いでは、成氏軍を打ち破るなど、上杉軍の中核として活躍して｢東国不双の案者｣（『鎌倉大草紙』）などと呼ばれた。
English: According to the book of genealogy "Kansei Shoshu Shakafu," Kunimoto lived in Yoso Yakata built in Yamanobe, Nose County, Settsu Province in 1191 and became the founder of the Nose clan.
Japanese: 『寛政重修諸家譜』によると建久二年(1191年)に摂津国能勢郡山邊の鷹爪館に居住し能勢氏の祖となったという。
English: MINAMOTO no Kunimoto (year of birth and death unknown) was zuryo (provincial governor) who was a member of the Settsu Genji (Genji clan originated in MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu who lived in the Settsu Province) from the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 源国基（みなもとのくにもと、生没年不詳）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初頭にかけての摂津源氏の受領。
English: In the article of August 27, 1186, the day of the Kanoto Ushi in the Sexagenary Cycle, the author of "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East) wrote as follows: 'the governor of Tosa Province Kunimoto is a member of the family of the nihon (MINAMOTO no Yoritomo). The friendship between the two was especially strong to the extent that the emotion can cut through a piece of metal.'
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』文治2年(1186年)8月27日辛丑の条に「土佐国守国基は二品（源頼朝）の御一族なり。殊に断金の契約有り」と記されている。
English: In the same article, the author also wrote that Yoritomo gave Kunimoto the territory of Mikuriya, Tamagaki, Ise Province (Tamagakicho, Suzuka City) and that Yoritomo asked Kunimoto to let Gyobu no Jo (Undersecretary of the Ministry of Justice) Kageshige, the retainer of Kunimoto and the warrior who belonged to the Watanabe party (Watanabe clan), stay in Kamakura.
Japanese: そして同条には、伊勢国玉垣御厨の領主権を与えられた事や家人である渡辺党の武士、刑部丞景重を鎌倉に置くよう命じられた事などが記されている。
English: In addition, a Kunimoto's visit to Kamakura from Kyoto as a messenger of the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor and his stay there in 1224 is described in the "Azuma Kagami."
Japanese: また、貞応3年(1224年)には摂関家の使いとして京都より鎌倉に下り滞在した際の様子が記されている。
English: Some historical sources treat MINAMOTO no Kunimoto (the governor of the Tosa Province) as the same person as MINAMOTO no Kunimoto (Kunimoto NOSE) mentioned above, but when we look at the names of the fathers and children of the two people and the historical periods they lived which are described in the "Azuma Kagami," and a description in the "Sonpi Bunmyaku," it becomes clear that Kunimoto, the governor of Tosa Province, was a different person from Kunimoto NOSE although both belonged to the Settsu Genji.
Japanese: なお、上記の能勢国基と同一人物として扱われている場合があるが、『吾妻鏡』に見える父および子の名前や年代、そして『尊卑分脈』の記述から能勢国基とは、同じ摂津源氏ではあるが別人である。
English: Genzui UDAGAWA (January 28, 1756 - February 3, 1798) was a physician and Rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language).
Japanese: 宇田川玄随（うだがわげんずい宝暦5年12月27日(旧暦)（1756年1月28日）-寛政9年12月18日(旧暦)（1798年2月3日））は医学者、蘭学者。
English: He had originally been a Chinese medicine doctor but turned to become a Rangakusha as he interacted with Genpaku SUGITA and Ryotaku MAENO.
Japanese: 元来は漢方医であったが、杉田玄白・前野良沢らと交流するうちに蘭学へと転向する。
English: "Seiyo Naika Senyo" (Selected Points of Western Theories on Internal Medicine) - a translation of Johannes de Gorter's "Kanmei Naikasho"and the first book on internal medicine in Japan.
Japanese: 『西説内科撰要』－ヨハネス・デ・ゴルテル著の『簡明内科書』の訳書で日本初の内科書。
English: Nobuyuki NAKAJIMA (October 5, 1846 - March 26, 1899) was the statesman, the first chairman of House of Representatives and baron in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 中島信行（なかじまのぶゆき、弘化3年8月15日(旧暦)（1846年10月5日）-明治32年（1899年）3月26日）は、明治時代の政治家、初代衆議院議長、男爵。
English: His first wife was Hatsuho (died in 1877) who was the younger sister of Munemitsu MUTSU and the second was Toshiko KISHIDA who was known for the activist for women's liberation movement.
Japanese: 最初の妻は陸奥宗光の妹・初穂（1877年死去）、後妻は女性解放運動家として知られる岸田俊子である。
English: He was the feudal retainer of Tosa Province (he left later) and was active in Tosa kinnoto (loyalist clique of Tosa) led by Hanpeita TAKECHI as well as Kaientai (Japan's first modern corporation established by Ryoma SAKAMOTO) (Roshi association) by Ryoma SAKAMOTO in the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 土佐国藩士（後に脱藩）で、幕末は武市半平太の土佐勤王党や坂本龍馬の海援隊(浪士結社)で活躍した。
English: Though he had became the government official and was promoted up to Genroin gikan (councilor of Chamber of Elders or Senate) after Meiji Restoration, he took part in forming Liberal Party (Japan) and became vice president.
Japanese: 明治維新後は政府の役人となり元老院議官にまで昇ったが、自由党(日本)を結成に参加し副総理となった。
English: Though he lived in Yokohama City after he was expelled from Tokyo due to hoan jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order), he became The House of Representatives elected in the first general election of members of the House of Representatives in Diet and was selected for the House of Peers (Japan) in 1894.
Japanese: 保安条例で東京を追放され横浜市に住んだが、国会が開かれると第1回衆議院議員総選挙で当選して衆議院となり、1894年に貴族院(日本)に勅撰された。
English: Jutaro CHIBA (1824-May 7, 1885) was a swordsman of the Hokushin Itto-ryu Style in the Edo Period.
Japanese: 千葉重太郎（ちばじゅうたろう、文政7年（1824年）-明治18年（1885年）5月7日）は、江戸時代の北辰一刀流の剣客。
English: In 1853, Jutaro became in charge of Chiba-dojo after his father, Sadakichi, was appointed as a swordplay instructor for Tottori clan at Edo residence of Tottori Domain.
Japanese: 嘉永6年（1853年）に父・定吉が鳥取藩の剣術師範に就任し、鳥取藩江戸屋敷詰となったため道場は重太郎に任されることとなる。
English: Around that time, Ryoma SAKAMOTO who came to Edo from Tosa Province became a student at Chiba-dojo, therefore, it is believed that Jutaro was the principal instructor who taught swordplay to Ryoma.
Japanese: このころ、土佐から江戸に出てきた坂本龍馬が千葉道場に入門しているので、龍馬に剣術指南をしたのは主に重太郎であったと考えられる。
English: While being involved in the politics of Edo as one of the Tottori clan members, he began to feel opposed to Kaishu KATSU's idea of opening Japan to foreign countries.
Japanese: 重太郎は鳥取藩士として江戸政界に関わる中で勝海舟の開国論に反感を抱くようになる。
English: Accompanied by Ryoma, he visited KATSU's residence to assassinate him, but failed in 1862.
Japanese: 文久2年1862年、龍馬を伴い勝邸を訪れ、これを暗殺しようとしたが失敗。
English: He led a group of foot soldiers in Boshin War in later years, and after the Meiji Restoration, he played an active role as a government official at Tottori prefecture, Hokkaido Development office, and Kyoto prefecture.
Japanese: 後年の戊辰戦争では鳥取藩の歩兵頭として一隊を率いて出陣、維新後は鳥取県・北海道開拓使・京都府の官吏として活躍した。
English: Jutaro's ability as a swordsman is unknown, however, it is certain that he was an expert swordsman with considerable skills since the popularity of Okemachi dojo did not decline after he took it over.
Japanese: 重太郎の剣士としての力量については説が定まらないようであるが、重太郎が道場を任されるようになった後にも桶町道場の人気は衰えていないようなので、相当の実力を持つ剣客であったことは言を待たない。
English: There is an example that Genbukan-dojo which was run by the head family of Chiba declined after Michisaburo CHIBA took it over, thus, it is thought that the grand master's ability decided the fate of dojo at the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 本家筋にあたる玄武館道場が千葉道三郎の代になって衰退した例もあり、幕末期は師範の実力が道場の盛衰に直結する時代であったと推測さる。
English: Jutaro widely appears in many fiction works including 'Ryoma ga yuku' (a novel) by Ryotaro SHIBA and 'Ryoma ni omakase !' (a TV drama) scripted by Koki MITANI.
Japanese: 創作作品では、司馬遼太郎作「竜馬がゆく」から三谷幸喜の「竜馬におまかせ!」まで幅広いところで出現している。
English: Moreover, from the aspect of 'a successor of Chiba-dojo', it is not often mentioned that he and his father were both members of the Tottori clan.
Japanese: また、「千葉道場の跡取り」というイメージからか、父共々鳥取藩士であったことは描かれないことが多い。
English: ONO no Oyu (date of birth unknown - July 17, 737) was a poet and lower to middle-ranked government official of the Nara period.
Japanese: 小野老（おののおゆ、生年不詳-天平9年6月11日(旧暦)（737年7月17日））は、奈良時代の歌人、官人。
English: He was first appointed Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Ushoben (Minor Controller of the Right), and later he was assigned as Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and Dazai no shoni (Junior Assistant Governor-General of Dazai-fu offices) and sent to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region).
Japanese: 初め従五位下右少弁であったが、後に従四位下大宰少弐となり、大宰府に赴任。
English: The imperial city of Nara glows now at the height of beauty, like brilliant flowers in bloom.
Japanese: 「あをによし寧楽（なら）の京師（みやこ）は咲く花のにほふがごとく今盛りなり」
English: Komin KAWAMOTO (1810 to July 18, 1871) was a scholar of Western sciences by the means of the Dutch language at the end of the Edo period and in the period of the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 川本幸民（かわもとこうみん、文化(元号)7年（1810年）-明治4年6月1日(旧暦)（1871年7月18日））は、幕末・明治維新期の蘭学者。
English: Ordered by Takakuni KUKI, the lord of the Sanda Domain, he went to Edo to study in 1829, he learned Western sciences from Choshun ADACHI and Shindo TSUBOI, and specialized in physics and chemistry.
Japanese: 当時の三田藩藩主九鬼隆国に命ぜられ1829年（文政12年）江戸に留学し、足立長雋、坪井信道らに蘭学を学び、物理・化学に精通。
English: Also, in 1853 he tried brewing beer for the first time in Japan, and organized a tasting event at Sogen-ji Temple in Asakusa, Edo.
Japanese: また、1853年（嘉永6年）頃、日本で初めてビールを試醸し、浅草の曹源寺で試飲会を開催。
English: This episode was mentioned in the Kirin Brewery Company's project which explores the history of 5000 years of beer, and it was used for its advertisements.
Japanese: キリンビールのビール5000年の旅探究プロジェクトの一環としてそのことが取り上げられ、広告などに使われた。
English: This private school became as successful as branch(es) had to be built, however, when his son, Seijiro was employed as a grand council of state to serve the national government, he accompanied his son and moved back to Tokyo.
Japanese: 分校が出来るほど盛況となったが、その後息子の清二郎が太政官出仕となり共に再び上京。
English: In 1953, his monument of honor was built in front of the main gate of Sanda Elementary School in Sanda City.
Japanese: 1953年（昭和28年）、三田市三田小学校正門前に顕彰碑が建てられた。
English: "Kikai kanran kogi" (1851) is a series of books, which he wrote based on"Kikai kanran" written by Rinso AOCHI which claims to be the first book of physics in Japan, and he made it easier to understand and enhanced the contents.
Japanese: 気海観瀾広義（1851年−）日本初の物理書「気海観瀾」（林宗著）を分かりやすくし、増強。
English: "Kagaku shinsho" (1860) is a translation of the Dutch version of "Die Schule der Chemie" written by Julius Stoeckhardt, a German scientist.
Japanese: 化学新書（1860年）ドイツの科学者ユリウス・ステックハルトの「DieSchulederChemie」オランダ語版を和訳。
English: The word "舎密" (seimi) used as a translation of chemistry at that time, and it was replaced by the word used in China "化学" (kagaku) and disseminated.
Japanese: 当時、使われていた舎密という言葉を、中国で使用されていた「化学」と言う言葉に置き換えて広めることになった。
English: Oume HANAI (1863 - December 14, 1916) was the name of character and the title of the movie which was modeled on the evil woman and her murder case in the Meiji and the Taisho periods.
Japanese: 花井お梅（はないおうめ、文久3年（1863年）-大正5年（1916年）12月14日）は、明治・大正時代の毒婦、および彼女とその殺人事件をモデルとした映画のタイトル、登場人物の名称である。
English: She constantly had squabbles with her real father due to the plot by Minekichi HAKOYA who was the employee referred to as Minesaburo YASUGI.
Japanese: 雇人の八杉峯三郎こと箱屋峯吉の奸策により実父との間に風波が絶えなかった。
English: She hated this and killed Minekichi in Okawabata in June 9, 1887 when she was 24 years old.
Japanese: これを憎むあまり、24歳の明治20年（1887年）6月9日、大川端で峯吉を惨殺した。
English: After she was granted a special pardon and discharged from prison at the age of 40 in 1903, she played herself with her own career on koza (the stage on which a rakugo storyteller sits) of yose (storyteller theater) and other stages.
Japanese: 40歳の明治36年（1903年）、特赦に浴し出獄、寄席の高座や舞台に立って自らの経歴を演じた。
English: The case of 'HAKOYA murder' was widely known to the world and was adapted to Kabuki (traditional performing art) such as "Tsuki no Umekaoru Oboroyo" (in 1888, Nakamura-za Theater, Mokuami KAWATAKE) and Shimpa-Geki (a New-School Play) such as "Kanayakoume" (dramatization of the novel by Seiseien IHARA.)
Japanese: 「箱屋殺し」の事件は、世間に喧伝され、『月梅薫朧夜』（1888年・明治21年4月、中村座、河竹黙阿弥）など歌舞伎に、また『仮名屋小梅』（伊原青々園の小説の脚色）など新派劇にも脚色された。
English: The summary of "Tsuki no Umekaoru Oboroyo" is as follows; when Okume (Kikugoro ONOE) of Baigetsu came to Okawabata with being drunk for trying to die in her decision to separate with Tanjiro FUKAMI who had been her lover since when she was geisha (Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking party) for his benefit, Kenkichi HAKOYA (Matsusuke ONOE) who embezzled 100 ryo from her before made a move on, so she got upset and automatically killed him and then she turned herself in to Hisamatsu police office.
Japanese: 『月梅薫朧夜』は、梅月のお粂（尾上菊五郎）は芸者時代から深い仲の情人深見丹次郎のためを思って別れ話を決めいっそ死んでしまおうとやけ酒をしたたかあおって大川端へかかると、かねて100両の金を横領された箱屋の兼吉（尾上松助）が口説きかかるので、かっとしておもわず男を殺し、久松警察署へ自首して出るというあらすじ。
English: She was covered in the novels such as "Torioi Omatsu kaijyo shinwa" by Hikosaku KUBOTA (Kineido, in 1878) and in Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) such as "Nijyuyoji kaisei shinwa."
Japanese: 久保田彦作『鳥追阿松海上新話』（錦栄堂、1878年）など小説に、また『廿四時改正新話』など歌舞伎にも扱われた。
English: Enjiro YAMAZA (December 2, 1866-May 28,1914) was the Japanese diplomat in the Meiji and Taisyo period.
Japanese: 山座円次郎（やまざえんじろう、慶応2年10月26日(旧暦)（1866年12月2日）-大正3年（1914年）5月28日）は、明治、大正期の日本国の外交官。
English: He learned in Tounkan (temporarily established as hanko (a domain school) for Fukuoka Domain during the period until Shuyukan in the Meiji period was rebuilt from hanko Shuyukan and the predecessor of current Fukuoka Prefectural Shuyukan Senior High School), went to Tokyo to study in Kyoritsu school (the predecessor of Kaisei Junior & Senior High School) and Preparatory School of the University of Tokyo (Tokyo Yobimon) (the predecessor of the former Daiichi Koto Gakko (First High School) and graduated at the top of his class from the law school of Tokyo University in 1892.
Japanese: 藤雲館（藩校修猷館から明治期修猷館再興までの間、一時期福岡藩の藩校として設立。現在の福岡県立修猷館高等学校の前身）に学び、上京して共立学校（開成中学校・高等学校の前身）、東京大学予備門（旧制第一高等学校の前身）を経て、明治25年（1892年）に東京大学法科大学を首席で卒業。
English: His classmates of Preparatory School of the University of Tokyo (Tokyo Yobimon) included Soseki NATSUME, Shiki MASAOKA, Kumagusu MINAKATA and Saneyuki AKIYAMA.
Japanese: なお、東京大学予備門の同期には、夏目漱石、正岡子規、南方熊楠、秋山真之らがいた。
English: He seemed to continuously have close friendship especially with Kumagusu after graduation and his essay showed that they drunk together.
Japanese: 特に熊楠とはその後も親しかったらしく、熊楠の随筆にも酒を酌み交わした記録が残されている。
English: Besides, Tomoyoshi YOSHIOKA who was the 33rd Regimental Commander of hohei which completely destroyed in 'the fierce battle around Kankyotonsangenya' of Battle of Mukden said to be the fiercest battle of the Russo-Japanese War had been YAMAZA's close friend since his childhood and married YAMAZA's younger sister to become his younger brother-in-law.
Japanese: また、日露戦争における最大の激戦とされる奉天会戦の「干洪屯三軒屋附近の激戦」において全滅した歩兵第33連隊の連隊長吉岡友愛は、山座の少年時代からの親友であり、山座の妹と結婚し義弟であった。
English: He joined Foreign Ministry after graduation from Tokyo University and was selected for the director of government affairs by Jutaro KOMURA, Minister of Foreign Affairs with the favor of Shinichiro KURINO who was his senior in Shuyukan in 1901 when he was only 34 years old.
Japanese: 東大卒業後、外務省に入省し、修猷館の先輩である栗野慎一郎の知遇も得て、明治34年（1901年）、外務大臣小村寿太郎により弱冠34歳にして政務局長に抜擢される。
English: At that time, he was so capable that he was said 'No YAMAZA in front of and after YAMAZA.'
Japanese: そのころ、そのあまりの有能さ故に「山座の前に山座なく、山座の後に山座なし」といわれたほどであった。