nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: That is why Genji looked gloomy all the time even if it was decided that he would perform his dance at the splendid ceremony.
Japanese: 源氏はそのため華やかな式典で舞を披露することになっても浮かない顔のままであった。
English: The sole consolation was to see a little girl, Wakamurasaki (later known as Murasaki no ue), Fujitsubo's niece whom Genji took in from Kitayama, playing innocently with a doll.
Japanese: 唯一の慰めは北山から引き取ってきた藤壺の姪に当たる少女若紫（後の紫の上）の無邪気に人形遊びなどをする姿であった。
English: The Emperor decided to hold an elaborate rehearsal at Imperial court for Fujitsubo, who could not attend the ceremony.
Japanese: 帝は式典に参加できない藤壺のために、特別に手の込んだ試楽（リハーサル）を宮中で催すことに決める。
English: Dancing the Seigaiha play, Genji turned his eyes upon Fujitsubo sitting behind a reed screen, while she saw Genji's beautiful face, forgetting her sin for only an instant.
Japanese: 源氏は青海波の舞を舞いながらすだれの奥の藤壺へ視線を送り、藤壺も一瞬罪の意識を離れて源氏の美貌を認める。
English: The following day of Genji's splendid dancing under the trees with colored leaves of autumn, he sent a letter to Fujitsubo secretly, then got excited to hear from her unexpectedly.
Japanese: 紅葉の中見事に舞を終えた翌日、源氏はそれとは解らぬように藤壺に文を送ったところ、思いがけず返事が届き胸を躍らせた。
English: Emperor Kiritsubo was delighted to have a beautiful prince who looked like exactly his beloved Genji, but Genji and Fujitsubo felt guilty in their heart to see that.
Japanese: 桐壺帝は最愛の源氏にそっくりな美しい皇子を再び得て喜んだが、それを見る源氏と藤壺は内心罪の意識に苛まれるのだった。
English: Gen no Naishinosuke, an old court lady serving Emperor Kiritsubo, was of good birth and left nothing to be desired about her personality, but there was a rumor that she was extraordinary lecherous.
Japanese: 桐壺帝に仕える年配の女官で血筋、人柄の申し分ない源典侍には、希代の色好みという評判があった。
English: Curious Genji and Tono Chujo (the first secretary's captain) talked to her half joking, but she acted coquettishly, which was unsuitable for her age, so they were bored with her.
Japanese: 好奇心旺盛な源氏と頭中将は冗談半分で彼女に声をかけていたが、年をわきまえずあからさまな媚態を振りまく彼女に辟易としている。
English: When Genji stayed overnight with Gen no Naishinosuke, he was attacked by somebody and took his sword to respond to the attack, but he made a grab at the man to find that it was Tono Chujo.
Japanese: 源典侍のもとに泊まった夜、源氏は何者かの襲撃を受け太刀をとって応戦するが、掴み掛かってみると相手は頭中将であった。
English: They pretended to have a huge battle and startled Gen no Naishinosuke, but they got carried away by the fight and were exhausted.
Japanese: わざと修羅場を演じて源典侍を仰天させた二人は、調子に乗って掴み合いをするうちにぼろぼろになってしまう。
English: On the day subsequent to their returning home with a big laugh, they saw each other at their place of work, remembering their fight which they had the day before, and stifled their laughter with an innocent look at each other.
Japanese: 大笑いしながら帰った翌日、職場で顔を合わせた二人は昨日の騒動を思い出して、互いにそ知らぬ顔で笑いをかみ殺すのだった。
English: Although Genji was also promoted to prime minister (or Sangi, councillor), he could not stop loving Fujitsubo, who was more than ever beyond his reach.
Japanese: 源氏も宰相（参議）に進むが、ますます手の届かなくなった藤壺への思慕はやむことがなかった。
English: Tentoku Dairi Uta-awase (Imperial Palace Poetry Contest in the Tentoku era) was a poetry contest hosted by Emperor Murakami on May 3, 960.
Japanese: 天徳内裏歌合（てんとくだいりうたあわせ）は、天徳(日本)4年3月30日(旧暦)（960年4月28日）、村上天皇によって行われた歌合。
English: Meticulous preparations were made, from the procedures and costumes for both the right and the left side, to a suhama stand (decorative cove-shaped stand) on which were placed poetry cards made of Japanese paper.
Japanese: 進め方や左右双方の衣裳、歌を書いた和紙色紙を置く州浜（入り江などをかたどった飾り台）にいたるまで周到に準備されたものだった。
English: Twelve themes for the contest were announced in late March: haze, nightingale, willow, cherry blossoms, kerria, wisteria, late spring, early summer, cuckoo (hototogisu), deutzia, summer grass, and love.
Japanese: 3月初めに示された題は霞、鶯、柳、桜、款冬（山吹）、藤、暮春、首夏、郭公（ほととぎす）、卯花、夏草、恋の12。
English: FUJIWARA no Saneyori, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), played the role of the judge (determining the winners and losers), assisted by MINAMOTO no Takaakira, Dainagon (Chief Councilor of State).
Japanese: 判者（はんじゃ勝敗を決める役）は左大臣藤原実頼,その補佐に大納言源高明（たかあきら）。
English: Court ladies acting as supporters were divided to the left and right, each preparing elaborate costumes according to their base color, which was red (emperor red) for the left and blue (green) for the right.
Japanese: 方人（かたうど；応援する役）には女房たちが左右に分かれ、それぞれ左方は赤（朱）、右方は青（緑）を基調に衣裳を揃えるなど趣向を凝らしたものであったという。
English: However, since the suhama stand for the left side came later, the contest did not begin before sunset.
Japanese: しかし左方の州浜の参上が遅れ、歌合が始まったときはすでに日が暮れていたといわれる。
English: In the third round of the nightingale theme, MINAMOTO no Hiromasa, who was the reciter of the right side, mistakenly read the willow poem meant for the fourth round.
Japanese: 三番の鶯の歌のとき、右方の講師である源博雅は誤って四番の柳の歌を読み上げてしまった。
English: He was so ashamed, however, that his face lost its color and with a trembling voice he was unable to recite properly.
Japanese: だが恥じ入る余り顔面蒼白となり、声も震えてうまく読むことが出来なかったという。
English: In the 20th round, Saneyori, the judge, could not decide on a winner and suggested a draw.
Japanese: 二十番の勝負において判者の実頼は優劣を付けられず、持にしようとした。
English: Saneyori asked his assistant, Takaakira, to decide, but the latter remained silent with his face toward the ground.
Japanese: 実頼は補佐の高明に決めてもらおうとしたが高明は平伏して何も言わない。
English: Saneyori was at a loss at what to do, but as Takaakira heard the emperor mumbling, 'shinoburedo' which was a part of Kanemori's line, Takaakira conveyed this to Saneyori.
Japanese: 実頼は窮したが、その時帝が「しのぶれど」と兼盛の歌を口ずさんでいるのを高明が聞きつけ、実頼に伝えた。
English: MIBU no Tadami, who was a low-rank officer, was utterly disappointed that his poem that he had composed in hope of advancement in life was beaten in such a tight match.
Japanese: 卑官だった壬生忠見は、出世を懸けて詠んだ歌が接戦の末に負けたことを悲観した。
English: The volume was named after the waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) composed by Ochiba no miya, the widow of Kashiwagi (see below) in the story: Although the god of leaves is not in Kashiwagi, is it appropriate to allow people to come closer to the treetop without reason?
Japanese: 巻名は作中で柏木（下記）の未亡人落葉の宮が詠む和歌「柏木に葉守の神はまさずとも人ならすべき宿の梢か」に因む。
English: Encouraged by Kojiju, Onna san no miya who was reluctantly sent back, Kashiwagi was choked with tears.
Japanese: 小侍従にせかされて女三宮もしかたなく返事を書き、柏木は涙にむせんだ。
English: After that, Onna san no miya gave birth to a baby boy (Kaoru) without trouble, but became drastically weak and pleaded with Suzakutei, who was concerned and privately visited her, to allow her to enter the priesthood,.
Japanese: その後女三宮は無事男子（薫）を出産したもののすっかり弱り切り、心配して密かに訪れた朱雀帝に出家を願った。
English: Genji, who was looking on, quickly tried to hold her back, but Onna san no miya was determined and had Suzakutei cut her hair in the early evening of the day.
Japanese: 傍らで見守っていた源氏も今さらながら慌てて引き留めようとしたが、女三宮の決意は固く、その宵のうちに朱雀院の手で髪を下ろしてしまった。
English: Yugiri became concerned and visited Kashiwagi, and he hinted to her that he had caused resentment of Genji and asked her to mediate.
Japanese: 夕霧が心配して見舞いにやってくると、柏木はそれとなく源氏の不興を買ったことを告げて、夕霧からとりなしてほしいと頼んだ。
English: Genji, holding up Kaoru and seeing Kashiwagi in the baby's beauty, forgot his anger and cried.
Japanese: 薫を抱き上げた源氏はその容姿の美しさに柏木の面影を見て、さすがに怒りも失せ涙した。
English: On the other hand, Yugiri, concerned about the story behind the story, repeatedly visited Ochiba no miya who became a widow following Kashiwagi's will and gradually became fascinated by her good life.
Japanese: 一方夕霧は事の真相を気にしながら、柏木の遺言を守って未亡人となった落葉宮の元へ訪問を重ね、そのゆかしい暮らしぶりに次第に心惹かれていった。
English: When he first met Tamakazura, he harbored a crush on her and sent letters without knowing that she was his paternal half-sister, but he strongly wished to take an Imperial princess for his wife and eagerly wanted Onna san no miya to marry him.
Japanese: 玉鬘が現れた当初、異母姉妹と知らずに想いを寄せて文を贈ったこともあったが、妻に迎えるなら内親王をと強く望み、女三宮の降嫁を熱心に願った。
English: In the end, his wish did not come true and he took Ochiba no miya for Seishitsu (legal wife), but ever since he had a glimpse of Onna san no miya by chance, his feeling of love was irrepressible.
Japanese: 結局叶わず落葉の宮を正室としたが、ふとしたことから女三宮を垣間見て以来恋情やみがかった。
English: He got her a pet cat to comfort himself, but he forced a court lady of Menotogo (the child of a menoto, a woman providing breast-feeding to a highborn baby) of Onna san no miya to help him and realized his desire.
Japanese: その飼い猫を得て自分を慰めたものの、源氏の留守に女三宮の乳母子の女房に迫り手引きさせて思いを遂げる。
English: Genji, who had found the truth, talked cynically to Kashiwagi, and he was petrified and was on his deathbed.
Japanese: 事実を知った源氏に宴席で皮肉を言われた柏木は恐怖のあまり自失、死の床についた。
English: He wished to see Ochiba no miya with his last breath, but his parents who favored him prevented it, and he handed over the baton to Yugiri.
Japanese: いまわの際に落葉の宮との対面を望むが、彼を偏愛する両親に妨げられてこれは果たされず、夕霧に後事を託した。
English: After his death, he showed up in Yugiri's dream and hinted that he wanted her to tell his son (Kaoru) when his fue was given to Yugiri as a reminder of him.
Japanese: また死後に形見の笛が夕霧に贈られた際、夕霧の夢枕に立って我が子（薫）に伝えてほしいとほのめかした。
English: Ruijusandaikyaku is a statute book published in the Heian period (probably in the 11th century).
Japanese: 類聚三代格（るいじゅさんだいきゃく）は、平安時代（恐らく11世紀）に書かれた法令集。
English: This is a book that classifies the so called kyakushiki (statute books): Koninkyaku, Jogankyaku, and Engikyaku by cases.
Japanese: 弘仁格・貞観格・延喜格のいわゆる格式を事例ごとに類聚（ジャンル分け）してまとめたもの。
English: It is said that there are 30 volumes, but there is a 20-volume version and a 12-volume version.
Japanese: 全30巻と伝えられているが、現存するものは全20巻本と全12巻本の2種類である。
English: Because some of the book is missing even these two versions are combined and the overlapping parts were removed (even though these versions are not complete, it is considered that there are less than 30 volumes after adding the lost and estimated parts), it is unknown what style the original book had.
Japanese: 両方合わせて重複部分を除いても内容が一部欠ける（完本に至らないが、散逸推定分を加えても30巻には至らないと考えられる）状態であるため、原本がどういう形であったかは不詳である。
English: During the Heian period, as Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) increased, office organizations regulated by Ritsuryo became in names only, and obtaining information necessary for actual government affairs became difficult with kyaku (administrative regulations) that is organized by traditional authority.
Japanese: 平安時代に令外官が増加すると律令で定められた職制が有名無実と化し、従来の官庁ごとに配列されている格では実際の政務には必要な情報の入手が困難となった。
English: Therefore, the regulations were organized in 90 parts (82 are existing) by grouping them into cases including 'Jinshagoto,' 'Kokubunjigoto,' 'Yochogoto,' 'kinseigoto,' and 'Danzaishokudogoto.'
Japanese: そこで「神社事」・「国分寺事」・「庸調事」・「禁制事」・「断罪贖銅事」などのように事例ごとに類聚して90篇（現存82篇）にまとめられた。
English: Because those three kyaku books do not exist now except for the index of the Koninkyaku, 'Ruijusandaikyaku' in which original text of kyaku is considered to be copied virtually unchanged, is a valuable historical material to know the actual situation of ancient legislative system.
Japanese: 3代の格は弘仁格の目録を除いては現存しておらず、格の原文がほぼそのまま引き写されたと考えられる「類聚三代格」は、当時の古代法制の実態を知るために貴重な史料である。
English: He successively worked in different positions of Kurodo (Chamberlain), Nagato no kami (deputy minister in charge of regional administration in Nagato), and Kogogushiki (the Queen-consort's Household Agency), but became a priest on July 1, 1143 and lived in Ohara (Kyoto City) in seclusion.
Japanese: 蔵人・長門守・皇后宮職を歴任するが、康治2年（1143年）5月10日に出家し大原(京都市)に隠棲する。
English: His Buddhist name was Jakucho, and with his priest brothers Jakunen and Jakuzen, they were called Ohara no sanjaku (three Jaku in Ohara) or Tokiwa no sanjaku.
Japanese: 戒名を寂超と称し、同じく出家した兄弟の寂念・寂然とともに大原三寂・常盤三寂と呼ばれた。
English: There is a personal collection of poetry "Koyo wakashu" (Koyo collection of Japanese poems) and 15 waka were chosen in Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) including "Senzai (waka) shu" (Collection of a Thousand Years).
Japanese: 私撰集に『後葉和歌集』があり、『千載和歌集』以下の勅撰和歌集に15首が入首。
English: This is a record of dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples) in Kyoto in the summer of 1096, in the era of Emperor Horikawa, which is written in kanbun (Chinese classics).
Japanese: 堀河天皇の1096年夏に京都で盛大に行われた田楽の記録で、漢文で書かれている。
English: Bunka Shureishu is a Chokusen Kanshishu (a collection of Chinese verses compiled by Imperial command) compiled at the command of Emperor Saga in 818 during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 文華秀麗集（ぶんかしゅうれいしゅう）は、平安時代初期の弘仁9年（818年）に、嵯峨天皇の勅命により編纂された勅撰漢詩集。
English: Within the compilation, there are as many as 28 writers, including Emperor Saga and Emperor Junna, and it is said that works by the delegates from the country of Bo Hai, as well as a number of poetesses were also a part of this anthology.
Japanese: 作者は嵯峨天皇、淳和天皇をはじめ28人に及び、渤海(国)使節や女流詩人の作品も収めるという。
English: Ryounshu (lit. a collection from above the clouds) is the first anthology of Chinese poems compiled in Japan by the command of Emperor Saga in 814 during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 凌雲集（りょううんしゅう）は、平安時代初期の弘仁5年（814年）に嵯峨天皇の命により編纂された日本初の勅撰漢詩集。
English: Keikokushu is an anthology of Chinese poems compiled at the command of Emperor Junna in 827 during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 経国集（けいこくしゅう）は、平安時代初期の天長4年（827年）、淳和天皇の命により編纂された勅撰漢詩集。
English: Kinpisho is a book written by the 84th Emperor Juntoku on the history and origin of imperial court ceremonies, whereby serving as an instruction manual for the rules and etiquette concerning such ceremonies.
Japanese: 禁秘抄（きんぴしょう）は、第84代順徳天皇自身の手による有職故実の解説書である。
English: The existing copy consists of two volumes, but since it was initially organized in three parts, the original copy is considered to have had three volumes.
Japanese: 現存するのは、上下二巻の体裁をとっているが本来三部構成であることから三巻であったとされる。
English: The author, Emperor Juntoku (1197 - 1242), was born the third prince of Emperor Gotoba.
Japanese: 作者順徳天皇（生年1197年~1242年没）は、後鳥羽天皇の第三皇子として生れる。
English: From a young age Emperor Juntoku enjoyed learning; he also excelled in waka poetry and compiled various waka anthologies and research documents on waka, such as 'Yakumomisho.'
Japanese: 年少より学問を好み、和歌にも秀で、「八雲御抄」他、歌集・歌学集を編纂している。
English: Kinpisho was an in-depth study of the root and origin of manners and etiquette of ceremonies performed at the Imperial Court, with an intent to pass the ancient customs down to succeeding generations.
Japanese: 「禁秘抄」は朝廷における儀式作法の根源・由来・を究め古来よりの慣習を後の世代に残さんとしたものである。
English: As revealed by the outbreak of the Jokyu War immediately after the completion of the book, there was a profound yearning for the restoration of the Imperial government and to pass the way of the sovereign down to the princes of the next generation.
Japanese: 本書完成直後に承久の乱を起こしている事でもわかるように、天皇政治復興の情熱がこめられ、次代の皇子に帝王の道を伝えようとしている。
English: Shizen-ei (poems about nature) is a term for a type of tanka (thirty-one syllable poem) (also used in reference to haiku).
Japanese: 自然詠（しぜんえい）は、短歌用語である(俳句についても用いられる。）
English: The term refers to tanka which describe nature, such as natural scenery and the beauties of nature that are the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics.
Japanese: 短歌を詠むとき、その対象となる事物としていわゆる山川草木、花鳥風月等の自然を詠みこんだ歌のことをいう。
English: Shizen-ei is a concept for classifying different subjects of tanka, considered to be the category in contraposition to what has been referred to as Shakai-ei (poems about society) which describes various matters, including the society in which people live and the perception toward the society.
Japanese: 短歌の対象を分類する概念で、人の生活する場である社会と社会に対する認識等を詠んだいわゆる社会詠と対照される分野であるとされる。
English: The field of Shizen-ei emerged when Shakai-ei started to become popular after World War II.
Japanese: 自然詠という分類は、戦後になって社会詠が盛んに作られるようになってから生じたものである。
English: The fundamentals of Shakai-ei were originally based in literary sketch as a tool of means and a method of composing poems advocated by Shiki MASAOKA.
Japanese: 当初は、正岡子規によって提唱された、歌の手段、方法としての「写生」の提唱がその根本にある。
English: The 'literary sketch' which Shiki advocated subsequently caused various divisions, including the difference of opinions based on the objective and subjective perspectives, in addition to the conflicts resulting from the different viewpoints within an association.
Japanese: 後に、子規の言う「写生」は、客観と主観のそれぞれの立場からの見解の対立、結社の中の立場としての対立など様々な形の対立を生んだ。
English: Not surprisingly however, the conclusion was that it was impossible for a poem to have nature as its theme and be just a poem depicting nature with no subjective standpoint.
Japanese: しかしながら、当然にして、その結論は自然を詠んだ歌が、単なる自然の描写の歌であって、主観的立場がないということはあり得ないという方向であった。
English: This poem was composed by Akahiko SHIMAKI who argued, 'What is referred to as literary sketch is a complement of the sole truth of internal being and not a portrayal of external events,' whereby preaching the 'Way of Portrayal' and the 'Way of Discipline.'
Japanese: これは、「写生道」、「鍛錬道」を説き、「写生と称するもの外的事象の写生に非ずして内的生命唯一真相の捕捉なり」と言った島木赤彦の歌である。
English: Looking at Lake Suwa from Akahiko's home at the top of a small hill, the heaving of melting ice offshore began to expand.
Japanese: 赤彦の住む諏訪湖を望む小高い丘から見ると、湖の沖より氷が解け広がり波打ってくるのが見える。
English: I wonder if there are white caps on Mogami-gawa River made by blowing snow in my home town.
Japanese: 「最上川逆白波（さかしらなみ）のたつまでにふぶくゆふべとなりにけるかも」
English: It seems that this poem by Mokichi SAITO depicts the violent snowstorm by creating a new word 'sakashiranami' (white caps), but the poem also truly conveys Mokichi's genuine love of Mogami-gawa River and his home town.
Japanese: この斎藤茂吉の歌は、逆白波という新語を作ってまで吹雪の激しさを詠った自然の叙景のようであるが、その陰に最上川と故郷を心から愛した茂吉の心情がひしひしと伝わってくる歌である。
English: 'In regard to tanka, the literary sketch is to accurately recognize the subject in its true form and to portray life, whereby nature and the self originate from the same source; this is the drawing of nature that is tanka.'
Japanese: 「実相に観入して自然、自己一元の生を写す。これが短歌上の写生である。」
English: It refers to poetry themed on the society in which people live and the recognition of society.
Japanese: 人の生活する場である社会と社会に対する認識等を主題として詠んだ歌のことをいう。
English: Concept of classifying the subjects of tanka and contrasts with the field of shizenei which incorporates elements of nature such as mountains, rivers, plants and trees as well as flower, birds, the wind and the moon.
Japanese: 短歌の対象を分類する概念で、山川草木、花鳥風月等の自然を詠みこんだいわゆる自然詠と対照される分野であるとされる。
English: Well known shakaiei include the proletariat tanka of the latter half of the 1920s, post-war 'jinmin tanka' (people's tanka) poems which were 'based on life experiences of the general public,' poems based on the 'rokuju-nen anpo' (Japan-U.S. Security Treaty of 1960), and post 1965 poems about the Vietnam War.
Japanese: 社会詠は、1920年代後半のいわゆるプロレタリアート短歌、第二次世界大戦後の「人民短歌」の「人民大衆の生活実感を根底とした」歌、いわゆる「60年安保」を詠んだ歌、65年以降のベトナム戦争の歌などが知られている。
English: Since the 1970s in which Japanese society achieved rapid economic growth, it became very difficult to raise incidents directly through shakaiei.
Japanese: 日本社会において高度経済成長が達成された1970年代以降は、直接的な社会詠として事件等を取り上げることが大変困難となっている。
English: Current mainstream shakaiei consists of introvert poetic composition that raises problems arising from the strain of modern society.
Japanese: 現在は現代社会のひずみから生じる諸問題を取り上げる社会性のある内向的な諷詠が社会詠の主流となっている。
English: Akagami no Hyoshi Tezureshi Kokkin no Fumi wo Kori no Soko ni Sagasu Hi' (lit. The day I searched the bottom of my trunk for the state-banned book with the well-worn red cover) (Takuboku ISHIKAWA)
Japanese: 「赤紙の表紙手擦れし国禁の書（ふみ）を行李（かうり）の底にさがす日」（石川啄木）。
English: Takuboku believed his economic problems were caused by society, developed an interest in the socialist ideology and would immerse himself in books that had been banned by the state.
Japanese: 啄木は、自分の経済的な苦しみの原因は社会にあると考え、社会主義思想に関心を持ち国禁の書を読みふけった。
English: Shokojo ni Sansoyosetsu no Hiramekidachi Sunamachi Shijucho Yoru Nara Mutosu' (lit. The flames of oxygen welding are seen in a small factory, night will descend on the forty blocks of Sunamachi) (Fumiaki TSUCHIYA).
Japanese: 「小工場に酸素溶接のひらめき立ち砂町四十町夜ならむとす」（土屋文明）
English: This original shakaiei was devoted to those who work hard in small factories from early in the morning until late at night as well as the common people working in these areas.
Japanese: 町工場に朝早くから夜遅くまで懸命に働く人々、そこに働く庶民たちに思いを寄せた新鮮な社会詠である。
English: Yo wo Ageshi Shiso no Naka ni Mamorikite Imakoso Sensowo Nikumu Kokoro yo' (lit. My hatred for war, on which I place great value against the prevailing ideology of the world, is very precious now) (Yoshimi KONDO).
Japanese: 「世をあげし思想の中にまもり来て今こそ戦争を憎む心よ」（近藤芳美）。
English: The sharp eye and fresh lyricism of Kondo, who admired Marxism when he was young and who also came into contact with Christianity, are ideally suited for someone who can be said to be poet of the social school of thought.
Japanese: 若いころマルクス主義に傾倒し、キリスト教にも触れた近藤の社会の現実に触れた鋭い眼差しと清新な抒情は社会派歌人と言われるに相応しい。
English: Gyosei refers to documents (aside from decrees), poems and paintings that have been personally written or created by emperors or royal family members.
Japanese: 御製（ぎょせい）とは、天皇や皇帝、また皇族が手ずから書いたり作ったりした文章（政令の類は除く）・詩歌・絵画などをいう。
English: Within Japan, the term gyosei is generally used to refer to waka (poems) composed by the emperor.
Japanese: 日本では、御製というと一般に天皇が詠んだ和歌のことをいうことが多い。
English: Exemplary works of gyosei include the 'Shogyojo' (writing done by the emperor's hand) by Taiso (Tang tai zong), that was engraved on the Daiganto at the Daijion-ji Temple.
Japanese: 代表的な作品として唐の太宗(唐)の手になる大慈恩寺・大雁塔に刻された「聖教序」（御製御書）などがある。
English: Kawachibon is a group of The Tale of Genji manuscripts allegedly created by Daikenmotsu (duty) MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki and his son, MINAMOTO no Chikayuki, and their copies.
Japanese: 河内本（かわちぼん）とは、源氏物語の写本のうち、大監物源光行とその子源親行が作成したとされるものおよびそれを写して作成されたとされるものをいう。
English: The name 'Kawachibon' was derived from the fact that both Mitsuyuki and Chikayuki had experiences as Kawachi no kami (the governor of Kawachi Province).
Japanese: 「河内本」という呼び名は光行・親行がともに河内守を歴任していることに由来する。
English: MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki and his son MINAMOTO no Chikayuki cooperated to collect 21 old manuscripts that were hereditary to correct the text of The Tale of Genji that was in total chaos at that time.
Japanese: 源光行とその子源親行が協力して、当時乱れに乱れていた源氏物語の本文を正すために、その当時伝来していた21部の源氏物語の古写本を集めた。
English: It is said that it was started by MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki on March 16, 1236, and completed once, after MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki's death, by MINAMOTO no Chikayuki on August 17, 1255 after 'resolving questions' through 'several collations' and 'repeated proofreading.'
Japanese: 「数度の校合」と「重校」によって「殆散千万端之蒙（疑問を解消することが出来た）」として源光行の没後、源光行によって2月3日に始められ、源親行によって7月7日に一旦これを完成させたとされるものである。
English: It is said that, among collected old manuscripts, they placed importance on the one MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki originally had and the following seven manuscripts.
Japanese: 集められた古写本の中で源光行がもともと持っていた写本と以下の7つの写本を特に重要視していたとされる。
English: This book was almost completed by MINAMOTO no Chikayuki after MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki's death and was handed down as the authentic book, but it is said that Chikayuki's child MINAMOTO no Yoshiyuki, his grandchild MINAMOTO no Tomoyuki, etc. successively made improvements.
Japanese: この本は源光行の没後、源親行によってほぼ完成され、定本として家に伝えたとされることになったが、その後も親行の子源義行、孫源友行等が代々加筆して伝えたとされている。
English: Because both MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki and MINAMOTO no Chikayuki were appointed to Kawachi no kami, it is called Kawachibon.
Japanese: 源光行・源親行がともに河内守を歴任しているため河内本の名称が冠せられている。
English: This book was valued during the Kamakura period and early Muromachi period, and had significant influence thereafter.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代から室町時代前期にかけて重んぜられ、その後も大きな影響力を持った本文である。
English: In other words, it seems that Kawachibon was a newly created composite text by actively modifying the original text so that the meaning was easily put across.
Japanese: つまり河内本とは、もともとあった本文に積極的に手を加えて新たに作り出された意味の通りやすい混成本文であったとみられる。
English: Until the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the early Muromachi periods, Kawachibon was actively used rather than Aobyoshibon (Blue Book) manuscripts, but during the mid Muromachi period, at around the time of Sogi and Sanetaka SANJONISHI, it was emphasized that importance be placed upon Teika's Aobyoshibon.
Japanese: 河内本は南北朝期・室町初期までは青表紙本よりもむしろ盛んに用いられていたが、室町中期、宗祇・三条西実隆の頃から、定家の青表紙本を尊重すべきことが強調された。
English: Since then, Kawachibon rarely attracted researchers' attention until recent times and was buried alive.
Japanese: それ以後河内本は研究者の目にほとんど触れなくなり、近代まで世に埋もれてしまうこととなった。
English: However, it is suspected that the text of Aobyoshibon which became influential after declination of Kawachibon and printed books during the Edo period including Eiri Genji monogatari (Illustrated Tale of Genji) and Kogetsusho that are said to belong to the Aobyoshibon line seemed to have significant influence by Kawachibon.
Japanese: しかしながら河内本衰退後に有力になった青表紙本や青表紙本の系統に属するとされる絵入源氏物語や湖月抄などの江戸時代の版本の本文は河内本の影響を大きく受けていると見られる。