nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Although the dates are unclear, it often refers to the period from 1162 to 1242, the eighty years when FUJIWARA no Sadaie lived, or the period from 1180 to 1239, the sixty years when Gotobain lived.
Japanese: 年代はあいまいであるが藤原定家の生きた80年（1162〜1242）あるいは、後鳥羽院の生きた60年（1180〜1239）を当てることが多い。
English: FUJIWARA no Sadaie: brought the treatise on waka poetry, which had been established by his father Toshinari, to its perfection, and composed the Shinkokin Wakashu (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and the Shin Chokusen wakashu (New Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry), also regarded as one of the twin master poets of the Mikohidari family.
Japanese: 藤原定家・・父俊成が確立した歌論を大成し新古今和歌集・新勅撰和歌集を編んだ御子左家の双璧のひとり。
English: Yoshitsune KUJO: like his uncle Jien, supported the Mikohidari family of which his father Kanezane KUJO was a patron.
Japanese: 九条良経・・叔父慈円とともに父九条兼実が擁護した御子左家を支持した。
English: The Gotobain: patron for the middle of this period, and an ardent admirer of Toshinari who had his son Sadaie and others compose the Shin Kokin wakashu.
Japanese: 後鳥羽院・・俊成に傾倒し子の定家らに新古今和歌集を選ばせたこの時代中期の擁護者。
English: Michiie KUJO: following his grandfather Kanezane and his father Yoshitsune, he supported the Mikohidari family as its patron in the later days of this period.
Japanese: 九条道家・・祖父兼実・父良経に続いて御子左家を支持したこの時代後期の擁護者。
English: Classics Day, on November 1, refers to an anniversary to publicly honor Japanese classical literature.
Japanese: 古典の日（こてんのひ）とは、11月1日に日本の古典文学を顕彰する記念日。
English: According to the entry of November 1, 1008 (December 7, 1008 in the solar calendar) in the Murasaki Shikibu nikki (Diary of Lady Murasaki Shikibu), Murasaki Shikibu, the author of The Tale of Genji, wrote that FUJIWARA no Kinto said to her, 'Come to think of it, I wonder if Lady Wakamurasaki is around here.'
Japanese: 「紫式部日記」の1008年（寛弘5年）11月1日の記述に、源氏物語の作者紫式部に対して、藤原公任が、「あなかしこ、このわたりに若紫やさぶらふ」（そういえば、このあたりに若紫の姫君がいらっしゃるのでは）と語りかけたとある。
English: As 'Wakamurasaki' (Lady Murasaki) is a fictional character appearing in The Tale of Genji, this description is the first historical record of the Tale of Genji, which is the most notable example of Japanese classical literature.
Japanese: 「若紫」とは源氏物語の登場人物であることから、この記述は日本を代表する古典文学である源氏物語が歴史上はじめて記録されたものである。
English: For that reason, 'the committee of the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji', which had been established with Kyoto Prefecture as the leading member in January 2007, prior to 2008 when a thousand years would have passed since 1008, proposed to designate November 1 as 'Classics Day'.
Japanese: このため、1008年（寛弘5年）から千年目に当たる2008年（平成20年）を前にした2007年（平成19年）1月に京都府などを中心に立ち上げられた「源氏物語千年紀委員会」が11月1日を「古典の日」とすることを提案した。
English: The committee of the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji' was inaugurated to conduct 'the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji project' which was held mainly in 2008.
Japanese: 「源氏物語千年紀委員会」は、2008年（平成20年）を中心に行われた「源氏物語千年紀事業」を行う為に発足したものである。
English: On November 1, 2008, a commemorative ceremony was held at Kyoto International Conference Center with the present emperor and empress in attendance.
Japanese: 2008年（平成20年）11月1日には、京都国際会議場で、今上天皇・皇后臨席の元、記念式典が行われている。
English: After the project was completed, 'the committee of the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji' was reorganized into the present 'committee for promoting Classics Day' in March 2009.
Japanese: 「源氏物語千年紀委員会」は同事業が終了した後2009年3月に現在の名称「古典の日推進委員会」に改組されたものである。
English: The board of 'the committee for promoting Classics Day' has almost the same composition as 'the committee of the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji', and the president Murata succeeded as its president.
Japanese: 「古典の日推進委員会」は、「源氏物語千年紀委員会」とほぼ同じ役員構成で、村田理事長が会長を引き継いでいる。
English: The president of the foundation 'Kyoto Convention Bureau,' Junichi MURATA works as the president, and there are some promoters such as the novelist Jakucho SETOUCHI, and the former head of the Urasenke school of the tea ceremony, Genshitsu SEN (the representative).
Japanese: 財団法人「京都文化交流コンベンションビューロー」の村田純一理事長が会長で、呼びかけ人に作家の瀬戸内寂聴、茶道裏千家前家元・千玄室(呼びかけ人代表)など。
English: Cooperating with the Kansai Economic Federation and other organizations, the committee is to make approaches to the government and members of the Diet, aiming at setting up 'Classics Day' as a nationally-enacted commemoration day by three years from now.
Japanese: 同委員会では関西経済連合会などと連携して3年後を目処に「古典の日」を国の制定する記念日とすることを目指して政府や国会議員に働きかけることにしている。
English: Honpan Jinbutsushi is thirteen volumes of brief accounts of the Shimazu clan and its chief retainers for 200 years from the middle of 15th century to the middle of 17th century mainly during the Sengoku period arranged in the traditional Japanese alphabetical order.
Japanese: 本藩人物誌（ほんぱんじんぶつし）は、戦国時代(日本)を中心に、15世紀中頃から17世紀中頃までの約200年間にわたる島津氏の一族及び主な家臣などの略記をいろは順に全13巻にまとめたものである。
English: It is considered to be written by Masazumi FUKUZAKI but both his career and the year of creation are unknown.
Japanese: 著者は福崎正澄とされているがその経歴は不明であり、成立年代も不明である。
English: Records related to priests of Doshaku (Buddhism and Taoism) and women are written at the end of the volume 12, traitors who opposed or revolted against Shimazu clan in the volume 13.
Japanese: 巻の12末尾に道釈（僧侶）及び女子伝を、巻の13には島津氏に敵対又は謀反を起こした人物をまとめた国賊伝を記している。
English: A handwritten copy possessed by the Kagoshima University Library was written by Hisamitsu SHIMAZU from 1839 to 1840, the following year, which the library bought from the Tamazato-shimazu family in 1951 (known as Tamazato bunko-bon [the books originally owned by Tamazato-shimazu family]).
Japanese: 鹿児島大学附属図書館が所蔵している写本は、島津久光が天保10年（1839年）から翌年にかけて書写したもので、昭和26年（1951年）に同館が玉里島津家から購入したものである。（玉里文庫本）
English: Those based on the books possessed by the Kagoshima Prefectural Library has been published as 'Kagoshimaken Shiryo Dai 13 shu' (volume 13 of Historical Records of Kagoshima Prefecture) since 1973.
Japanese: また、鹿児島県立図書館の所蔵本を底本にしたものが、昭和48年（1973年）、鹿児島県史料集第13集として刊行されている。
English: Akutagawa added a conversation of two types of people, a young samurai who takes only the physical comforts as happiness and an old man who regards psychological satisfaction as most important, at end of the plot of its original to show two different kinds of feeling of happiness and his own color.
Japanese: 芥川は、物質的な幸福だけを真の幸福と考える若侍と、精神の内部における幸福を最大視する翁と、この相対する二つの型の人間の会話を最後において、種類の異なった幸福感を示し、原作に多少の綾を付与した。
English: Somon is one of the three main poetic categories to constitute the old collection of poetry "Manyoshu" together with Zoka (Miscellaneous Poem) and Banka (Laments).
Japanese: 相聞（そうもん）とは、雑歌・挽歌とともに『万葉集』の三大部立を構成する要素の1つ。
English: It originally meant poems and personal notes and letters of the Chinese classics addressed to a wide variety of people including family members and friends to exchange personal feelings, but in "Manyoshu", poetry about love between men and women was categorized as Somon.
Japanese: 元は漢籍の書翰などで家族・友人など広い範囲の人々を対象とした私情を交わす書翰や歌に対して用いられてきたが、『万葉集』では転じて男女間の恋愛を詠った作品をまとめて呼称した。
English: Somon is considered equivalent to the category of 'love poems' in imperial anthologies of poetry "Kokinwakashu" and subsequent ones.
Japanese: 『古今和歌集』以後の勅撰和歌集における「恋歌」の部門に相当すると考えられている。
English: Atago Hyakuin was a linked verse known as Renga, which was composed by Mitsuhide AKECHI and others at Mt. Atago in Kyoto immediately before his coup, the Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: 愛宕百韻（あたごひゃくいん）は、本能寺の変の直前に愛宕山(京都市)で明智光秀が張行した連歌である。
English: It is a poem of 100 links composed on June 24 (or 28), 1582, by Mitsuhide AKECHI, Mitsuyoshi AKECHI, Gyocho AZUMA, Joha SATOMURA, Shoshitsu SATOMURA, Kennyo INAWASHIRO, Shinzen SATOMURA, Yugen, and Gyoyu at Itokuin Temple on Mt. Atago in Yamashiro Province.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）5月24日(旧暦)（あるいは28日）、明智光秀が山城国愛宕山の威徳院で、明智光慶、東行澄、里村紹巴、里村昌叱、猪苗代兼如、里村心前、宥源、行祐と巻いた百韻である。
English: The first line was 'Toki wa Ima Ame ga Shita-shiru Satsuki kana' (It is May, a rainy season) composed by Mitsuhide AKECHI; the second 'Minakami masaru Niwa no Natsuyama' (river flow flashes in the garden on summer mountain) composed by Itokuin Gyoyu; and the third 'Hana otsuru Ike no nagare wo Sekitomete' (falling flowers keep back the flow of the pond) composed by Joha SATOMURA.
Japanese: 発句は光秀の「ときは今あめが下しる五月かな」、脇は威徳院行祐の「水上まさる庭の夏山」、第三は里村紹巴の「花落つる池の流をせきとめて」。
English: The first line is supposed to include the word 'Toki' (meaning 'It is') also implied Mitsuhide's surname, and 'Ame ga Shita' also meant 'Tenka' (the whole country), to show his long-held wish of killing his master Nobunaga ODA for which Joha demanded an explanation later.
Japanese: 発句は、その姓の「土岐」をいいかけて、「雨が下」に「天が下」をいいかけて、主人織田信長の殺害という宿願の祈請のものであるといい、紹巴はこのために責問を受けたという。
English: Fukurozoshi is a treatise on waka poetry written during the Hogen era (1156 - 1159) in late Heian period by FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke, who was a court noble and a poet in a linage of the Rokujo family.
Japanese: 袋草紙（ふくろぞうし）は、平安時代後期の保元年間（1156年－1159年）頃に公家で六条家流の歌人であった藤原清輔が著した歌論書である。
English: Fukurozoshi is considered one of the important materials on waka poetry and waka poets with the contents of how to compose waka, about imperial anthologies of poetry, uta-awase (poetry contest), uta monogatari (poetic tales), and legends about poets.
Japanese: 内容については、和歌の作り方や勅撰和歌集、歌合、歌物語、歌人に関する伝承などについて述べられており、和歌や歌人に関する重要な資料のひとつとなっている。
English: Uji Hachi no Miya (the Eighth Prince) is one of the fictional characters appearing in "The Tale of Genji" written by Murasaki Shikibu.
Japanese: 宇治八の宮（うじはちのみや）は、紫式部の『源氏物語』の登場人物の一人。
English: Among the fifty-four chapters of "The Tale of Genji", he appears in the forty-fifth chapter 'Hashihime' (The Maiden of the Bridge), and passes away in the forty-sixth chapter 'Shigamoto' (Beneath the Oak).
Japanese: 『源氏物語』五十四帖中、第四十五帖「橋姫」で登場し、第四十六帖「椎本」で死去する。
English: He is the father of Oigimi (the oldest sister) and Naka no Kimi (the second daughter) of Uji and Ukifune who are the heroines of 'Uji Jujo' (The Ten Quires of Uji), in the later part of the story.
Japanese: 物語終盤、宇治十帖のヒロインである宇治の大君・中の君・浮舟(源氏物語)の父。
English: Oigimi and Naka no Kimi were born to Hachi no Miya and his Kita no kata (lawful wife) and were treated as princesses of the Imperial family.
Japanese: なお、大君と中の君は八の宮と北の方（正妻）との間に生まれ、宮家の姫としての扱いを受けている。
English: However, Ukifune was born to him and Chujo no Kimi, a lady-in-waiting who was the niece of his lawful wife, after his lawful wife had passed away, and Hachi no Miya did not acknowledge her as his own daughter.
Japanese: が、浮舟は北の方の死後、北の方の姪にあたる女房・中将の君との間に生まれており、八の宮には娘だと認められていない。
English: From that reason, when he was still young, his future seemed to be bright as a prominent imperial prince.
Japanese: そのことから、若年時は有力な親王として将来を期待されていたと思われる。
English: However, due to the Empress Kokiden, who had been opposed to Hikaru Genji, he was set up as a rival to push out the Tenth Prince (later the Emperor Reizei), the Crown Prince in those days whose guardian was Genji.
Japanese: しかし光源氏に反感を持つ弘徽殿女御によって、源氏が後見人となっていた当時の東宮、第十皇子（後の冷泉帝）追い落としの対抗馬として担ぎ上げられてしまう。
English: Because of that, he became estranged from the people surrounding Genji and was consigned to oblivion while Genji wielded power as he pleased.
Japanese: そのために源氏周辺とは疎遠となり、源氏が権勢をほしいままにした世では忘れ去られた存在であった。
English: It might have been because of his character, being too generous like a noble man, but he lost most of the legacy he had inherited from his mother's family.
Japanese: 高貴の人らしく鷹揚すぎる性格であるためか、母方から相続した遺産なども多くは失ってしまう。
English: Although no one paid their respects to him and he had been feeling apprehensive due to his being short of money, he was living in the capital while raising Oigimi and Naka no Kimi with much affection.
Japanese: ろくに伺候する者もなく、手元も不如意な心細い状態ながらも大君と中君を慈しみつつ都で暮らしていた。
English: However, he took the opportunity when he lost his residence in a fire and retreated into a mountain villa in Uji with his princesses and lived in seclusion.
Japanese: が、邸宅が火事で焼亡したことを契機に宇治の山荘に姫君たちと共に隠棲した。
English: In Uji, he devoted himself to the study of Buddhism under an Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism) for a long time, and obtained deep knowledge and faith.
Japanese: 宇治ではある阿闍梨に師事して長年仏道に専心し、深い知識と道心を得る。
English: But he was so anxious about his daughters, who had lost their mother, that he could not renounce the world, stayed in a nonclerical appearance and was also called 'the saint who is still in this world'.
Japanese: しかし母を亡くした二人の娘が気掛かりで出家する事もままならずに俗体のままで過ごし、「俗聖」とも呼ばれていた。
English: One day, the Ajari, Hachi no Miya's teacher, reported to Reizeiin about the life circumstances of Hachi no Miya, and Kaoru, who was on the spot, also learned about him.
Japanese: あるとき、師の阿闍梨が冷泉院に八の宮の暮らしぶりを言上したため、その場に居合わせた薫も宮のことを知る。
English: Kaoru, who had a strong pessimistic view of life, got interested in Hachi no Miya, 'the saint who is still in this world', began correspondence with him and later he himself paid a visit to Uji and deepened friendship with him.
Japanese: 厭世心の強い薫は「俗聖」八の宮に興味を持って文通を始め、後には自身で宇治に訪れて親交を深めるようになった。
English: As Kaoru respected Hachi no Miya and helped with his living expenses, messengers sent from Reizeiin, who favored Kaoru, also came to visit frequently.
Japanese: 薫が八の宮を尊重し生活なども援助したため、薫に目を掛けている冷泉院からも始終使いが訪れるようになった。
English: He racked his brains not to make his princesses, who had missed the chance to get married (at that time, Oigimi was twenty-five years old and Naka no Kimi was twenty-three, both of which were no longer regarded as 'young' following the common wisdom in those days), treated as of little account after he died.
Japanese: 宮は婚期を外れた（大君二十五歳、中の君二十三歳。当時の感覚では「若い」とは言えない）娘達を、自分の死後軽んじられるような立場にはすまいと苦慮した
English: Hachi no Miya's mountain villa along the Uji river is one of the important places in the Uji jujo (The Ten Quires of Uji), and many events occur there.
Japanese: 宇治川沿いにある八の宮の山荘は、宇治十帖の重要な舞台のひとつであり、多くの事件が起こる。
English: (Ben, a lady-in waiting who was the daughter of wet nurse of Kaoru's biological father Kashiwagi, had been serving Hachi no Miya, and she told Kaoru about the secrets concerning his birth and gave him the secret letters Kashiwagi had left behind.)
Japanese: （薫の実父、柏木(源氏物語)の乳母子であった女房・弁が八の宮に仕えており、薫に出生の秘密を知らせ、柏木の残した秘密の手紙類を手渡す）
English: The image of Hachi no Miya that 'an imperial prince who was driven to retreat into seclusion after getting dragged into political strife and is diligent in his Buddhist training' resembles that of Imperial Prince Koretaka who appears in "Ise Monogatari" (The Tales of Ise).
Japanese: 「政争に巻き込まれたために隠遁を余儀なくされ、仏道に励む皇子」という八の宮の人物像は、『伊勢物語』などにも登場する惟喬親王と類似する。
English: In addition, there are many traits in common between Hachi no Miya and 'the Yoshino Prince' who appears in the "Torikaebaya Monogatari" (The Changelings) such as living in seclusion in somewhere away from the capital and having two daughters, and deepening a friendship with a pessimistic leading character.
Japanese: また、『とりかへばや物語』に登場する「吉野山の宮」は、都から離れて隠棲し二人の姫君を持つ点や厭世心の強い主人公と親交を深める点など多くの共通点がある。
English: There were four hand scrolls called Jigoku Zoshi: the one in the Tokyo National Museum (TNM) collection (National Treasure), the one in the Nara National Museum (NNM) collection (National Treasure), the first edition of Masuda family scroll, and the second edition of the Masuda family scroll.
Japanese: 地獄草紙と呼ばれる絵巻物は、東京国立博物館本（国宝）、奈良国立博物館本（国宝）、旧益田家本甲巻、旧益田家本乙巻の4巻があった。
English: Today, it is regarded that the second edition of the Masuda family scroll does not depict hells and it is now called 'Hekija-e (Exorcist Scroll).'
Japanese: このうち旧益田家本乙巻は、現在では、地獄を描いたものではないとされ、「辟邪絵」（へきじゃえ）と呼ばれるようになっている。
English: The TNM scroll consists of four paintings of hells: Hakkaru jigoku, Kamatsuchu jigoku, Unkamu jigoku, and Uenkaseki jigoku.
Japanese: 東博本は、髪火流地獄、火末虫地獄、雲火霧地獄、雨炎火石地獄の4図がある。
English: The NNM scroll consists of seven paintings: Hell of Excrement, Hell of Measures, Hell of the Iron Mortar, Hell of the Flaming Cock, Hell of the Black Sand Cloud, Hell of Pus and Blood, and Hell of Foxes and Wolves.
Japanese: 奈良博本は、屎糞所、函量所、鉄磑所、鶏地獄、黒雲沙、膿血所、狐狼地獄の7図がある。
English: The old Masuda-ke ko version consists of seven paintings: Hell of the Flaming Elephant, Hell of Shrieking Sounds, Hell of the Shooting Flames, Hell of the Skinning, Hell of Boiling Feces, Hell of Dismemberment, and Hell of Iron Mountain.
Japanese: 旧益田家本甲巻は、火象地獄、咩声地獄、飛火地獄、剥肉地獄、沸屎地獄、解身地獄、鉄山地獄の7図がある。
English: A theory states that both NNM and TNM scrolls, together with the "Gaki Zoshi" (Scroll of hungry ghosts), "Yamai no Soshi" (Diseases and Deformities), and "Hekija-e" (Exorcist Scroll), are part of the "Rokudo-e" (Paintings of the Six Paths) which was commissioned by the Emperor Goshirakawa and recorded to be stored in the treasure house of Rengeo-in Temple.
Japanese: 奈良国立博物館本、東京国立博物館本は、『餓鬼草紙』、『病草紙』、『辟邪絵』（いずれも国宝）などとともに、後白河天皇が制作させ、蓮華王院の宝蔵に納められていたことが記録されている「六道絵」の一部であったとする説がある。
English: Although it cannot be concluded that these scrolls were those stored in the treasure house of the Rengeo-in Temple, these scrolls are considered to be produced in the period of the Emperor Goshirakawa, that is, around the 12th century.
Japanese: これらが蓮華王院の宝蔵にあったものだと断定はできないが、時代的には後白河の時代、すなわち12世紀頃の制作と考えられている。
English: The sixth scene had not been accompanied by text, but its text was found after WWII that was stored in some place, and it was affixed to the designated place on the scroll.
Japanese: かつては第6段も絵のみであったが、第6段の詞の部分が他所に保管されていたものが戦後発見され、巻物の所定の位置に貼り継がれている。
English: Therefore it is assumed that this scroll is not a whole but only a part of a huge hand scroll that survived.
Japanese: このように、本巻は完本ではなく、大部の絵巻であったものの一部分が残ったものと推定される。
English: The scenes were based on descriptions of the sixteen lesser hells given in "Kisekyo" (literally, "Sutra of the World Arising").
Japanese: 本巻に描かれている地獄の様相は、『起世経』所説の十六小地獄に基づいている。
English: Famous paintings are 'The Flaming Cock' in which a huge cock is breathing fire and 'Iron Mortar' in which ogres are grinding the dead in an iron grinder.
Japanese: 巨大な鶏が口から火を吐く「鶏地獄」、鬼卒たちが亡者を鉄の臼で磨り潰している「鉄磑所」の画像がよく知られている。
English: According to "Koko gafu" (Painting manual of antiquities), this hand scroll was preserved in Daisho-in Temple in Higashi-Okubo, Tokyo until around 1887 and then owned by Tomitaro HARA (Sankei HARA) who is known as the founder of the Sankei Garden in Yokohama.
Japanese: 『考古画譜』によると、明治20年頃までは東京・東大久保の大聖院にあったもので、後に横浜・三渓園の創立者として知られる原富太郎（原三渓）の所有となった。
English: Because the seventh scene is not accompanied by text, it is assumed to be a picture of the 'Hell of Foxes and Wolves' or 'Hell of the River of Ashes.'
Japanese: 7段目については詞書を欠くため、「狐狼地獄」とも「灰河地獄」とも推定されている。
English: A scroll fragment of the 'Hell of the Single Bronze Cauldron' in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston is thought to have originally been part of the NNM scroll.
Japanese: ボストン美術館には本巻の断簡と推定される「一銅釜」（いちどうふ）図がある。
English: It is assumed that the current binding of the scroll is not the original and therefore it is not a whole but only a part of a huge hand scroll that survived.
Japanese: 現在の装丁は制作当初からのものではなく、大部の絵巻であったものの一部分が残ったものと推定される。
English: This scroll depicts four of sixteen subsidiary hells within the Hell of Wailing stated in "Shobonenjo-kyo Sutra" (Meditation on the Correct Teaching Sutra).
Japanese: 本巻に描かれている地獄の様相は、『正法念処経』所説の叫喚地獄の十六別所（16の小地獄）のうちの4つを表したものである。
English: It is pointed out that fires in the third scene, the 'Hell of Cloud, Fire, and Mist,' look like kaen kohai (halo whose shape is like a fire) of Buddhist status such as Fudo Myoo (Acala, one of the Five Wisdom Kings).
Japanese: 3段目「雲火霧」の図の炎は、不動明王などの仏像の火炎光背に描法が似ていることが指摘されている。
English: The text of fourth scene reads 'Uenkaseki' (Rain of Burning Stones) but it should be 'Kenrin' (Forests of Swords).
Japanese: 4段目は、詞書によれば「雨炎火石」だが、「剣林」とするのが正しいとされている。
English: It was originally a hand scroll consisting of seven painted scenes accompanied by text, but after WWII it was divided into each scene to make a hanging scroll and scattered into different collections.
Japanese: もとは絵・詞とも7段からなる絵巻物であったが、戦後、各段ごとに分割されて掛軸仕立てとなり、各所にばらばらに所蔵されている。
English: Art historian Taichiro KOBAYASHI pointed out that the scenes of hell depicted in this scroll were based on "Hotatsu mondo hoo shamon kyo" (also called "Mezurasetsu kyo") in "Butsumyokyo" sutra.
Japanese: 本巻に描かれている地獄の様相は、『仏名経』所収の『宝達問答報応沙門経』（『馬頭羅刹経』とも）に依拠したものであることを、美術史家の小林太市郎が指摘している。
English: This scroll is also called 'The Masuda Family Scroll' because of its former owner, Takashi MASUDA (Donno MASUDA), prominent entrepreneur who is also known for his passion in Japanese tea ceremony and collection of art.
Japanese: 実業家で、茶人・美術収集家としても著名な益田孝（益田鈍翁）の旧蔵にちなみ「益田家本」と呼ばれる。
English: This scroll is also called 'Shamon Jigoku Zoshi' (Stories of Hell for Buddhist Priests) because most of the people depicted in this scroll who fell into the hell were Buddhist priests.
Japanese: 本巻で地獄に墜ちるのがもっぱら僧侶であることから「沙門地獄草紙」とも称される。
English: Hell of the Shooting Flames; private collection, an entry at the Special Exhibition 'Exquisite: Paintings of the 11th - 13th Centuries' (2007 the Nara National Museum).
Japanese: 飛火地獄個人蔵特別展「美麗院政期の絵画」（2007年奈良国立博物館）に出品。
English: Hell of the Skinning; private collection, an entry at the Special Exhibition 'Exquisite: Paintings of the 11th - 13th Centuries' (2007 the Nara National Museum).
Japanese: 剥肉地獄個人蔵特別展「美麗院政期の絵画」（2007年奈良国立博物館）に出品。
English: The Masuda Family also had a hand scroll called the 'second edition of the Masuda family Hell Scroll,' but this picture depicts benevolent deities who expel demons instead of depicting tortures in the hells, so it is now called "Hekija-e" (Exorcist Scroll) (in the Nara National Museum collection).
Japanese: なお、益田家には「益田家本地獄草紙乙巻」と呼ばれる絵巻物もあったが、これは地獄の責め苦を描いたものではなく、悪鬼を追い払う善神である辟邪を描いたものであるため、今日では『辟邪絵』と称されている（奈良国立博物館蔵）。
English: It should be noted that 'Kando no oni' (the Demon of Punishment) (Important Cultural Property) in the Fukuoka City Museum of Art is said to be one piece of the Scroll of Hells, but it is in a different lineage from those described above.
Japanese: 他に福岡市美術館所蔵の「勘当の鬼」図（重要文化財）も地獄草紙の断簡とされているが、既述の諸本とは系統の異なるものである。
English: The Satake version of "Sanju-roku Kasen Emaki (hand scrolls of the thirty-six immortal poets)" were made in the 13th century, Kamakura Period.
Japanese: 佐竹本三十六歌仙絵巻（さたけぼんさんじゅうろっかせんえまき）は、鎌倉時代・13世紀に制作された絵巻物。
English: They were originally two-volume scrolls with portraits of 36 poets, 18 in each volume.
Japanese: 元は上下2巻の巻物で、各巻に18名ずつ、計36名の歌人の肖像が描かれていた。
English: In 1919, the scrolls were divided into sections of each poet and redecorated to hanging scrolls.
Japanese: 1919年（大正8年）に各歌人ごとに切り離され、掛軸装に改められた。
English: FUJIWARA no Kinto (966 –1041) edited a personal collection of poetry 'Sanjurokuninsen' (Thirty-six Master Poets Collection) in the early 11th century.
Japanese: 藤原公任（966–1041）は11世紀初め頃に私撰集「三十六人撰」を撰した。
English: This collection is in the form of a poetry competition of excellent poems by 36 poets from "Manyoshu" (the first major anthology of early Japanese poetry) to the mid-Heian Period, who were later called 'Sanju-roku Kasen' (the thirty-six immortal poets).
Japanese: これは、『万葉集』の時代から、平安時代中期までの歌人36名の秀歌を集めて歌合形式としたもので、これら36名を後に「三十六歌仙」と称するようになった。
English: Sanju-roku Kasen Emaki were hand scrolls consisting of portraits, famous poems, and biographies of the thirty-six poets.
Japanese: 本絵巻はこの三十六歌仙の肖像画にその代表歌と略歴を添え、巻物形式としたものである。
English: Volume Two began with a landscape of Sumiyoshi Myojin (Sumiyoshitaisha Shrine) that enshrined the deity of Waka (Japanese poem), and it is assumed that Volume One also started with a landscape of Tamatsuhime Myojin or Kamomioya Shrine, although it has been lost.
Japanese: 下巻巻頭には和歌の神とされる住吉明神（住吉大社）の景観が描かれた図があり、上巻巻頭にも、現在は失われているが、玉津姫明神または賀茂御祖神社の景観図があったものと推定されている。
English: It was originally two volumes, but as described above, in 1919 Volume One was divided into 18 pieces and Volume Two into 19 pieces, and redecorated to 37 hanging scrolls in total.
Japanese: 元は巻子装で上下2巻からなっていたが、上述のように1919年、上巻は18枚、下巻は19枚に分割され、計37幅の掛幅装に改装されている。
English: The height of a hanging scroll is about 36 cm, but the width varies from scroll to scroll, from 60 cm to 90 cm.
Japanese: 寸法は縦が約36センチメートル、横は各幅によって差があり一定しないが、60-80センチメートル前後である。
English: Each poet's section started with writing the poet's rank and name in a row, and then his/her biography in several rows and a poem in two rows.
Japanese: 各画面は、まず歌仙の位署（氏名と官位）を記した後、略歴を数行にわたって記し、代表歌1首を2行書きにする。
English: Volume One: Hitomaro, Mitsune, Yakamochi, Narihira, Sosei, Sarumaru, Kanesuke, Atsutada, Kintada, Saigu, Toshiyuki, Muneyuki, Kiyotada, Okikaze, Korenori, Kodai no Kimi, Yoshinobu, Kanemori
Japanese: 上巻-人麿、躬恒、家持、業平、素性、猿丸、兼輔、敦忠、公忠、斎宮、宗于、敏行、清正、興風、是則、小大君、能宣、兼盛