nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It is said that the boy who was born in Tameie Mansion (Reizei Mansion) was Tamenori, as recorded in "Meigetsuki" (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) (according to Yoshisada ISHIDA).
Japanese: 『明月記』に見える為家邸（冷泉邸）で出生した男子が為教であるという（石田吉貞による）。
English: He became a Sahyoe no suke (Assistant Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards) during the ceremony for appointing officials on April 10, 1238.
Japanese: 暦仁元年（1238年)4月10日の除目で左兵衛佐となる（『経俊卿記』による）。
English: On the fifth on the New Year of 1243, he became Junior Fourth Rank Lower Grade (according to "Minkeiki" [the journal by Tsunemitsu HIROHASHI]), Ushosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) on March 7 of the same year (the next day, he was transferred to Sashosho [Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards], according to "Heikoki" [Diary of TAIRA no Tsunetaka]).
Japanese: 仁治3年（1243年）正月5日には従四位下（『民経記』）、同年3月7日には右少将となる（翌日には転じて左少将、『平戸記』）。
English: In this year, when Emperor Gosaga ascended to the throne, he served as the courtier of the retired emperor and carried out political operations and ceremonies of the Imperial Court, and there are some records about court functions and imperial visits in "Tsunetoshi kyo ki" (Diary of Lord Tsunetoshi) and "Yoko ki" (Leaf yellow record),
Japanese: この年には後嵯峨天皇が践祚し、後嵯峨院政時代に院近臣として公事勤務を行い、『経俊卿記』『葉黄記』などに宮中行事や行幸への参仕などの記事が散見している。
English: Tamenori for the first time took part in the poetry contest in Tadasu no yashiro Shrine in 1243 where Tameie was the judge, and he participated in 1247 as a composer in the poetry contest of the temple.
Japanese: 為教は寛元元年（1243年）に為家が判者となり行われた河合社歌合ではじめて歌合に参加し、宝治元年（1247年）の院歌合では作者として参加している。
English: In 1251, two of his poems were for the first time selected into "Shoku Gosen Wakashu" (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry, second series), which was a Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) of poems selected by Tameie.
Japanese: 建長3年には為家撰勅撰和歌集『続後撰和歌集』に二首が初入集として入集した。
English: His poems were also selected into some personal collections of poetry by the anti-Mikohidari group such as "Mandai wakashu", and even "Tsukubashu", which was a collection of renga (linked verse).
Japanese: 『万代和歌集』など反御子左派の私撰集や、連歌専集である『菟玖波集』にも入集している。
English: Moreover, though the time was uncertain, but there was an anecdote recording in Tona's "Seiasho" that, Tameie accompanied Tamenori in serving in the renga-kai (linked verse contest) held in Yoshida Izumi-dono Pavilion of Saion-ji Temple second residence, the sound of a waterfall was bothering that Tamenori used his wit to close the waterfall.
Japanese: また、時期は不明であるが頓阿『井蛙抄』には、西園寺別邸の吉田泉殿で催された連歌会へ為家は為教を伴い伺候し、滝の音が耳障りであったところを為教が機転を効かせて滝を塞いだという逸話を記している。
English: According to "Seiasho", it is said that the two brothers were not on good terms because of Japanese poetry, and the rivalry with the originator was succeeded also to the next generation of Tamekane period that established the Kyogoku school of poetry.
Japanese: 『井蛙集』によれば和歌に関して兄弟の仲には不和があったといわれ、宗家との対抗意識は京極派を確立する次代の為兼期にも引き継がれている。
English: In 1254, he became the household superintendent to the Saionji family, served closer to the Saionji family, received as wife the daughter of MIYOSHI, who was another household superintendent to the Saionji family.
Japanese: 建長6年には西園寺家の家司となり西園寺家氏に近侍し、西園寺家の家司別当三善雅衡の娘を室に迎える。
English: In November, 1258, he became the Head Chamberlain, but he quit in July of the next year and became Junior Third Rank Captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards.
Japanese: 正嘉2年（1258年）11月には蔵人頭となるが、翌年7月には辞して従三位右兵衛督となる。
English: He is known as the author of Japan's first collection of Buddhist parables known as "Nihon Ryoiki" (more properly, "Nihonkoku genho zenaku ryoiki," a set of three books of Buddhist stories which were written in the late 8th and early 9th century).
Japanese: 日本最初の仏教説話集『日本霊異記（日本国現報善悪霊異記）』の著者として知られる。
English: His origins are unclear, but there is credence to the theory based on some description in the "Nihon Ryoiki" that he was born in Nagusa no kori (or Nagusa-gun) County in Kii Province and part of the Otomo clan.
Japanese: 出自については不明であり、その記述から紀伊国名草郡の大伴氏の出身とする説が有力である。
English: Furthermore, the "Nihon Ryoiki" includes many narratives about lay priests known as shido-so (individuals calling themselves priests without gaining approval from the provincial authorities), and Kyokai himself had a wife and children and owned a horse, thus living a life as part layman and part priest, and therefore, one theory has it that at some later stage as a shido-so he entered the Buddhist priesthood.
Japanese: また霊異記には私度僧（国の許可を得ず僧を称したもの）の説話が多いことや彼自身も妻子や馬を持つなど半僧半俗の生活を営んでいたことから、私度僧もしくはある時期までは私度僧で遅くに得度を受けたとする説が出されている。
English: He wrote the first draft of the "Nihon Ryoiki" in 787, which he is believed to have edited by integrating materials, which had been gathered over the years, and finally completed in 822.
Japanese: 彼は787年（延暦6年）に著した霊異記の初稿本を年を追って集成し、822年（弘仁13年）に完成させたとみられている。
English: Chizuko MIFUNE (July 17, 1886 - January 19, 1911, died at the age of 24) was a woman introduced as a woman of supernatural power having toshi (clairvoyance or second sight power) (parapsychology) by Dr. Tomokichi FUKURAI.
Japanese: 御船千鶴子（みふねちづこ、1886年7月17日-1911年1月19日、24歳没）は、透視(超心理学)能力を持つ超能力者として福来友吉博士に紹介された女性。
English: She was born with progressive impaired hearing and when she reached adulthood, she was said to have had difficulty in hearing in her left ear.
Japanese: 生まれつき進行性の難聴があり、成人するころには左耳が聴こえ辛かったという。
English: She also earnestly believed in Kannon Bosatsu (Kannon Buddhisattva), however, she was easily caught in pessimistic feelings.
Japanese: また、観音菩薩を篤く信仰していたが、悲観的な感情にとらわれる面もあったという。
English: One day, she guessed right that the 50 yen disappeared from her husband's wallet was in the Buddhist alter that her parents-in-law were using, which caused her mother-in-law to attempt suicide.
Japanese: ある日、夫の財布からなくなった50円が義親配偶者の親の使っていた仏壇の引き出しにあると言い当てたことで、姑は疑いをかけられたことを苦にして自殺未遂を起こしてしまう。
English: In the family house, her brother-in-law (her older sister's husband) Takeo KIYOHARA, a shakan (dormitory dean) and PE teacher, mesmerized her, saying: "You have the power of toshi [clairvoyance]," and tested her, which brought forth such good results that he continued her training.
Japanese: 実家では義兄（姉の夫）、中学校の舎監・体操教員であった清原猛雄に「お前は透視ができる人間だ」との催眠術をかけられたところ、優れた結果が出たため修練を続けることとなった。
English: After that, she saw through that the Sixth Division Unit happened to have not been on board of the sunk warship, Hitachi Maru at the Russo-Japanese War time, and discovered Manda Coal Mine in Omuta City, Fukuoka Prefecture on the request of Mitsui Gomei Kaisha, receiving 20,000 yen (about 20 million yen in the present value) as rewards.
Japanese: その後、日露戦争時に第六師団が、撃沈された軍艦・常陸丸事件にたまたま乗っていなかった事を透視したり、三井合名会社の依頼で福岡県大牟田市にて透視を行い、万田炭鉱を発見して謝礼2万円（現在の価値で約2000万円）を得るなどした。
English: She is also said to have guessed right the presence of a bug or bugs under a bark, and the place of a ring lost in the sea.
Japanese: また、樹皮の下にいる虫の存在や海で紛失した指輪の場所を言い当てたりしたという。
English: Above all, Kiyohara let Chizuko see through human bodies to diagnose a disorder, or tried to treat patients by tekazashi (waving one's hands over patients).
Japanese: 中でも清原は千鶴子に人の人体を透視して病気を診断させたり、手かざしによる治療を試みた。
English: As Chizuko's reputation extended, she was introduced by Tsunehira ISERI, the principal of Kumamoto Prefectural Seisei Senior High School (at that time junior high school), and began to be studied by the scholars of the time including Shinkichi IMAMURA of the College of Medicine of Kyoto Imperial University (present Kyoto University), Tomokichi FUKURAI, professor (psychology) of Cultural School of Tokyo Imperial University (present Tokyo University) from 1909 to the following 1910.
Japanese: 千鶴子の評判が広がり、熊本県立済々黌高等学校（当時は中学）の井芹経平校長が紹介し、1909年から翌1910年にかけ、京都帝国大学（現：京都大学）医学科大学の今村新吉教授（医学）や東京帝国大学（現：東京大学）文化大学の福来友吉助教授（心理学）などの当時の学者が研究を始めた。
English: On April 10, 1910, Fukurai and Imamura conducted an experiment on her clairvoyance power, with Kiyohara's attend in his residence.
Japanese: 1910年4月10日、熊本の清原の自宅で福来と今村は清原の立会いのもと透視実験を行う。
English: Fukurai, fearing that her method of seeing through things, holding the object and with her back to people might cause doubts, forced her to see through them with her back to them but not holding them, in which method she guessed wrong.
Japanese: 人々に背を向け、対象物を手に持って行う千鶴子の透視が不審を招くことに配慮した福来は背を向けても対象物を手に取らないで透視するようにさせたが、この方法では不的中に終わった。
English: Then, they put a business card that Kiyohara prepared into a tea jar, and told her to see through the jar, allowing her to touch it, and the result was that she guessed right the characters of the card.
Japanese: 今度は清原が用意した名刺を茶壺に入れ、それに触れることをゆるして透視させると、名刺の文字を言い当てたという。
English: Fukurai, having believed in her clairvoyant power, presented the result of the experiment in an academic meeting of psychology.
Japanese: 千鶴子の透視能力を確信した福来は、この実験結果を心理学会で発表した。
English: As a result, the word 'toshi' (clairvoyance) picked up on the news papers greatly, became a big topic including the arguments as to its authenticity.
Japanese: これにより、「透視」という言葉が新聞で大きく取り上げられ、真贋論争を含め大きな話題となった。
English: Many of them who claiming themselves as 'Senrigan' (clairvoyant) came to Chizuko including Ikuko NAGAO, as well as the rush of those requests of clairvoyance.
Japanese: 千鶴子のもとには、透視の依頼が殺到したほか、長尾郁子を初めとした「千里眼」の持ち主だと名乗る者たちが続々と現れた。
English: On September 15, 1910, with the attend of Kenjiro YAMAKAWA, the former president of Tokyo Imperial University and an authority of physics, a toshi experiment was conducted.
Japanese: 1910年9月15日、物理学の権威で東京帝国大学の元総長の山川健次郎が立会い透視実験を行った。
English: Chizuko succeeded in guessing the characters in a lead pipe; however, it was revealed that they were not what Yamakawa prepared, but what Fukurai gave her for practice.
Japanese: 千鶴子は鉛管の中の文字の透視を「成功」させたものの、それは山川の用意したものではなく、福来が練習用に千鶴子に与えたたものであったことが発覚。
English: These suspicious details brought forth a strengthened negative tone of the press to her clairvoyant power.
Japanese: この不審な経緯に、新聞は千鶴子の透視能力について否定的な論調を強めて行った。
English: In such a situation, Chizuko, having read an article blaming Ikuko NAGAO's psychography, felt disappointed and angry, told KIYOHARA harshly that "it would be no use studying me any longer."
Japanese: そんな中、千鶴子は長尾郁子の念写を非難する記事を見て、失望と怒りを感じ、清原に「どこまで研究しても駄目です」と言い放ったという。
English: On January 18, 1911, the following year, she committed suicide by taking potassium dichromate, and died at dawn of the following day at the age of merely 24.
Japanese: 翌1911年1月18日、二クロム酸カリウムで服毒自殺を図り、翌日未明に24歳の若さで死亡した。
English: The locals took it that her suicide was due to a financial trouble with her father.
Japanese: 地元では自殺の原因は父親との金銭的なトラブルによるものだと見られていた。
English: It is generally said that she killed herself because she could not bear severe attacks from the press and the public; however, no news blaming her had been reported at that point.
Japanese: 新聞や世間からの激しい攻撃に耐えられず自殺した、と一般にいわれるが、この時点では彼女を非難する内容の報道はされていない。
English: Even in successful cases of 'toshi,' she always put her back to observers when performing 'toshi,' saying that she could not concentrate, and refused stubbornly observations from the side and the front.
Japanese: 「透視」に成功した場合でも、意識が集中できないとして彼女は常に観察者に対して背を向けて「透視」しており、側面や正面からの観察は頑なに拒否していた。
English: Most of the successful cases were always with the containers sealed with paste, and what was more, it took her nearly 10 minutes.
Japanese: そして成功した場合は常に糊付けで封印された容器が多く、それも10分近く時間をかけている。
English: Results of actual verification revealed that this length of time was enough for her to unseal them using saliva, paste them again and dry them with her body temperature.
Japanese: これだけの時間をかければ、つばをつけて封をはがし、また貼り付けて体温で乾かすことが可能という実際の検証結果も示されている。
English: Dr. Fukurai, thinking that the posture of her back to observers might cause suspicion, also persuaded Chizuko again and again, but she did not respond it.
Japanese: 福来博士も、観察者に背を向けていることが疑いを招くと考えて、再三千鶴子を説得していたが、千鶴子は応じていない。
English: She saw patients visiting the clinic face-to-face in the first place, therefore, it was strange that she put her back to people in order to exert her power.
Japanese: そもそも、医院を訪れる患者に対しては正面から向き合っており、能力を発揮するためと言って人に背を向けることからしておかしい。
English: He sent her 19 envelopes with tally impressions by mail, telling her to see through the contents and send them back to him; however, she sent back the 7 of them which she tried 'toshi,' mentioning that the 3 as 'she carelessly dropped them into a hibachi brazier and were burnt,' and as to the rest that 'she was too tired to do the job.'
Japanese: 19通の割り印つきの封筒を郵便で送って、中身を透視して返送してもらうものだったが、「透視」されて返却されたのは七通で、残りのうち三通は「うっかり火鉢に落として燃えた」、他は「疲れて出来ない」ということだった。
English: If she were too tired to do the job, she should have sent the envelopes back; however, she did not do so.
Japanese: 疲れて出来ないなら、そのまま封筒を返送すればよいのだが、彼女はこの封筒を返却していない。
English: In a lead pipe experiment which raised a controversy, Chizuko had two lead pipes, she herself said that she did not know the object in Yamakawa's pipe, so tried toshi on the object in the pipe for practice.
Japanese: また、問題になった鉛管実験の時、千鶴子は二つの鉛管を持っていたわけだが、千鶴子本人は、山川から預かった方は判らなかったので、代わりに練習用の方を透視したと語っている。
English: However, she reported the result without telling that was on the pipe for practice, which might be highly possible that she failed in cheating because at first she was hiding the lead pipe which Yamakawa gave her.
Japanese: しかし、練習用の鉛管だとは告げずに透視結果を報告しており、山川から預かった鉛管は最初隠していたため、ごまかしを試みて失敗した可能性が高い。
English: Chizuko and her detail was an anecdote what only connoisseurs world knew for a long time in Japan, however, she came to be known to many people who heard that she was a model of the mother of Sadako, a person with super power appearing in the novel "Ring"(horror) by Koji SUZUKI.
Japanese: 彼女とその顛末については、日本でも長らく"知る人ぞ知る"逸話であったが、鈴木光司の小説『リング(ホラー)』の登場する超能力者、貞子の母のモデルとなったと噂されたことで多くの人の知る所となった。
English: Moreover, the fifth volume of "Q.E.D. Shomei Shuryo," a mystery comic by Motokichi KATO, includes a work called "Hikari no Zanzo" in which one of the character was modeled after her.
Japanese: また、加藤元浩の推理漫画『Q.E.D.証明終了』単行本第5巻では、彼女をモデルにしたと思われる作品『光の残像』がある。
English: In the 'Senrigan Series' by Keisuke MATSUOKA, Sachiko YURI (in the film version Hitomi KUROKI acted) appears as a granddaughter of Chizuko MIFUNE, however, it differs from other fictions in that a new interpretation was added that Chizuko's power is neither supernatural phenomena nor deliberate tricks, but that Chizuko, who learned going into a trance by her brother-in-law's hypnotic induction, could easily exert her instinctive powers termed as selective attention in psychology.
Japanese: 松岡圭祐の「千里眼シリーズ」では友里佐知子（映画版では黒木瞳が演じた）が御船千鶴子の孫という設定になっているが、他のフィクションと異なるのは、千鶴子の能力を超常現象もしくは故意のトリックのいずれともせず、義兄の催眠誘導によりトランス状態に入ることを覚えた千鶴子が、心理学でいう選択的注意という本能的な才覚を発揮しやすくなっただけという、新解釈が加わっていることにある。
English: Here the evaluation of 'Senrigan no Onna' does not mean supernatural power, but only means excelling intuition power.
Japanese: ここでは「千里眼の女」の評は超能力でなく、直観力に秀でていただけという意味になる。
English: Chizuko's life was introduced in the mujirushi Episode 8 'Senrigan no Otoko' of a TV drama "Trick" (TV drama).
Japanese: テレビドラマ『トリック(テレビドラマ)』では、無印のエピソード8「千里眼の男」の放送では千鶴子の生涯が紹介された。
English: Natsuhiko KYOGOKU introduces the details of Dr. Fukurai's senrigan (second sight) experiment, in his novel "Moryo no Hako."
Japanese: 京極夏彦の小説『魍魎の匣』の作中においても福来博士の千里眼実験に関して、事の経緯を紹介している。
English: He had wives such as a daughter of TOMO no Munetada titled sakan (the fourth rank govenment official under the Ritsuryo legal code) of Tanba Province and a daughter of Prince Sukeyo titled Shihon (the fourth rank of Imperial Princes' rank); besides, became a son-in-law of FUJIWARA no Arihito who was Gozoku (local ruling family) in Tsuruga, Echizen Province.
Japanese: 室に丹波国目伴統忠女、四品輔世王女などがあったほか、越前国敦賀の豪族藤原有仁の娘婿ともなっていた。
English: After experienced some posts including Sakon no shogen (Lieutenant the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), he became Kozuke no kuni no suke (officer in charge of regional administration in Kozuke) in 911 and was appointed Kazusa no kuni no suke in 912.
Japanese: 左近将監などを経て、延喜11年（911年）上野国介となり、翌12年（912年）に上総国介に任じられる。
English: "Anba Gaiji Engi"(historical records book written in the Muromachi period) tells that he suppressed a gang of several thousand robbers who had plundered of tribute in Mt.Takakura in Shimotsuke Province and could show his strategy to the whole country in 915.
Japanese: 同15年（915年）には下野国高蔵山で貢調を略奪した群盗数千を鎮圧し武略を天下に知らしめたということが『鞍馬蓋寺縁起』に記されている。
English: He became Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) in the same year and his last court rank is said to have been Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: この年には鎮守府将軍となり、その最終位階は従四位下であったとされる。
English: Among all those stories, the story in "Konjaku monogatari shu" (Tales of Times Now and Then collection) that he took a man titled goi (Fifth Rank) from Kyoto to his residence in Tsuruga to let a man eat imogayu (sweet-potato broth) is famous (Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA wrote a novel "Imogayu" based on this story).
Japanese: なかでも『今昔物語集』の中にある、五位の者に芋粥を食べさせようと京都から敦賀の舘へ連れ帰った話などが有名である（芥川龍之介はこの話を題材に小説『芋粥』を執筆している）。
English: In his grandchild's time, Tadayori became Kaga no kuni no suke (officer in charge of regional administration in Kaga) and the ancestor of the Kaga-Saito clan which was the origin of the Hori clan; the Hirooka-Saito clan which was the origin of the Togashi and the Hayashi clan; and the Makino clan.
Japanese: その孫の代では忠頼が加賀国介となり、加賀斎藤氏、弘岡斎藤氏、牧野氏の祖となり、加賀斎藤氏から堀氏、弘岡斎藤氏から富樫氏、林氏が出る。
English: The Yoshida clan and the Maeda clan origined from a lineage of Nobumochi's grandson Tametoki, the Yoshiwara-Saito clan, the Kawai-Saito clan and the Mino-Saito clan originated from a lineage of Naotada, and the Kato clan and the Toyama clan originated from a lineage of Shigemitsu.
Japanese: 叙用の孫為時の家系からは吉田氏、前田氏、尚忠から吉原斎藤氏、河合斎藤氏、美濃斎藤氏が出たほか、重光から加藤氏、遠山氏が出る。
English: Also, his daughter married FUJIWARA no Fuminaga, a grandson of FUJIWARA no Hidesato, and became the mother of FUJIWARA no Fumiyuki and Kanemitsu.
Japanese: また、一女は藤原秀郷の孫にあたる藤原文脩の室となり藤原文行、兼光らの母となった。
English: It can be said that he was a symbolic man who made the Fujiwara clan's way into samurai society along with FUJIWARA no Hidesato.
Japanese: また藤原秀郷と並んで藤原氏の武家社会への進出を象徴する人物と言える。
English: Genrin YAMAOKA (1631 to August 19, 1672) was a haiku poet and an author of kana zoshi (novels written for women and children using kana rather than Chinese characters to make them understand easily) who lived during the early Edo period.
Japanese: 山岡元隣（やまおかげんりん、寛永8年（1631年）-寛文12年6月27日(旧暦)（1672年8月19日））は、江戸時代前期の俳人・仮名草子作者。
English: Though Genrin was born into a rich merchant family in Kyoto, his body was so weak that he abolished the family business, studied Sinology and medicine, and devoted himself as a town doctor.
Japanese: 元隣は、京都の裕福な商人の家に生れたが体が弱く家業を廃して、漢学・医術を修学して生涯を町医者として送った。
English: His book "Takaragura" (Treasure warehouse), said to be the pioneer of haiku essays, had a big influence on future generations.
Japanese: 著書の｢宝蔵（たからぐら）」は、俳文のさきがけといわれ、後世に大きな影響を与えた。
English: Among his story books in Kana were "Tagaminoue" (Upon his and my Bodies), "Kosakazuki" (Small Wine Cup), poem collections such as "Minorakusenku," commentaries such as "Kashirakaki KAMO no Chomei Hojoki" (An Account of My Hut), "Yononaka Hyakushuchu" (Commentaries to 100 Poems in the World) and so on.
Japanese: 仮名草子に「他我身之上（たがみのうえ）」「小巵（こさかずき」、句集の「身の楽千句」、注釈書類の「首書（かしらかき）鴨長明方丈記」「世中百首註」などがある。
English: Sodo YAMAGUCHI (June 1, 1642 to September 30, 1716) was a haiku poet and a flood control expert in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 山口素堂（やまぐちそどう、寛永19年5月5日(旧暦)（1642年6月1日）-享保元年8月15日(旧暦)（1716年9月30日））は江戸時代前期の俳人・治水家である。
English: It is said that his place of birth was Jokyoraiseki-son Village of Koma-gun County in Kai Province (present Hokuto-shi City, formerly Kita-Koma-gun County, Hakushu-machi Town)
Japanese: 生まれは甲斐国巨摩郡上教来石村（現・北杜市、旧北巨摩郡白州町）であるといわれる。
English: However, according to "Kozan account of a trip" when he traveled around Kai Province in 1695, it was recorded differently that Kai Province was the birthplace of his deceased wife.
Japanese: しかし、元禄8年（1695年）に甲斐を旅した『甲山紀行』によれば甲斐は亡妻の生地と記されており、異説もある。
English: At the age of 20, he transferred the family business of sake brewing industry to his younger brother, went out to Edo, and studied Sinology under Gaho HAYASHI, and even entered the government service temporarily.
Japanese: 20歳頃に家業の酒造業を弟に譲り江戸に出て林鵞峰に漢学を学び、一時は仕官もしている。
English: His haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) first appeared to be selected in "Ise-odori" which was published in 1668.
Japanese: 俳諧は寛文8年（1668年）に刊行された『伊勢踊』に句が入集しているのが初見。
English: In 1674, he exchanged poems with Kigin KITAMURA in Kyoto, and studied also Waka (Japanese poetry), tea ceremony, calligraphy, etc.
Japanese: 延宝2年（1674年）、京都で北村季吟と会吟し和歌や茶道、書道なども修める。
English: In 1675, he sat with Matsuo Basho for the first time in Edo, retreated in Shinobazu-no-Ike Pond in Ueno, which was close to Basho's home in Shinsen, and Katsushoku Antaku, and exchanged with him mutually and intimately thereafter, not as a pupil but as a friend.
Japanese: 翌延宝3年（1675年）、江戸で初めて松尾芭蕉と一座し深川芭蕉庵に近い上野不忍池や葛飾安宅に退隠し、門弟ではなく友人として以後互いに親しく交流した。
English: Legend says that, in 1695, he traveled around Kai Province, in 1696, he was requested by Masayoshi SAKURAI, governor of Kofu, to excavate Nigo-gawa River where he built a river bank called Yamaguchi-tei bank.
Japanese: 元禄8年（1695年）には甲斐を旅し翌元禄9年（1696年）には甲府代官櫻井政能に濁川の開削について依頼され、山口堤と呼ばれる堤防を築いたという伝承がある。
English: His style was commented to be very like Basho style haikai poetry whose knowledge in Chinese-style poems was deeply influenced by China's hermit literature (prose writing [on secular and non-secular subjects] in the Kamakura period [in medieval Japan]).
Japanese: 漢詩文の素養が深く中国の隠者文芸の影響を受けた蕉風俳諧の作風であると評されており。
English: His poem "Meniwa Aoba, Yama hototogisu, hatsugatsuo" (Green Leaves in Eyes, Little Cuckoo in Mountain, the Season's First Bonito), which was collected in "Edo Shindo" (New Road in Edo) in 1678, is well known.
Japanese: 延宝6年（1678年）の『江戸新道』に収録されている"目には青葉　山ほととぎす　初鰹"の句で広く知られている。
English: Naruchika NAKAYAMA (July 7, 1741-October 1, 1814) was kuge (a court noble) in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 中山愛親（なかやまなるちか、寛保元年5月25日(旧暦)（1741年7月7日）-文化(元号)11年8月18日(旧暦)（1814年10月1日））は、江戸時代後期の公家。
English: Naruchika was appointed as Sangi (councilor) in 1761 and became Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) in 1774.
Japanese: 1761年（宝暦11年）参議に任命され、1774年（安永3年）権大納言に至る。
English: He struggled to present imperial proclamation of daijo-tenno-go (name of the retired emperor) to Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Sukehito, father of the Emperor, but Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) denied and the situation grew entangled (so called "Songo ikken" [Songo Incident]).
Japanese: 天皇の父閑院宮閑院宮典仁親王に対し太上天皇号を宣下することに腐心したが、江戸幕府はこれを認めず事態は紛糾した（いわゆる「尊号一件」）。
English: By an order of the bakufu in 1792, he was summoned to Edo with Kinaki OOGIMACHI, a buke tenso (liaison officers between the imperial court and the samurai family).
Japanese: 1792年（寛政5年）幕府の命により武家伝奏正親町公明とともに江戸に喚問された。
English: There is a legend that in the Songo ikken, Naruchika NAKAYAMA protested dignifiedly in front of Shogun at Edo-jo Castle, when he went to Edo as the Imperial envoy.
Japanese: 尊号一件で中山愛親が勅使として江戸に下った際に、江戸城の将軍の前で堂々たる抗議をしたという伝説が生まれた。
English: Based on the incident, novels such as "Nakayama Togeki" and "Nakayama Denki," both of which were completed not so long after the incident, were written clandestinely.
Japanese: これを元に『中山東下記』『中山伝記』といった小説（共に事件よりあまり隔たらない時期の成立と見られる）が密かに書かれている。
English: Also, there is a comic book named "Fuunji tachi" written by Taro MINAMOTO, which describes the incident.
Japanese: またこの経過に触れている漫画として、みなもと太郎の「風雲児たち」がある。
English: Kinaki OGIMACHI (May 7, 1744-November 5, 1813) was kuge (a court noble) in the late Edo Period.
Japanese: 正親町公明（おおぎまちきんあき、延享元年3月25日(旧暦)（1744年5月7日）-文化(元号)10年10月13日(旧暦)（1813年11月5日））は、江戸時代後期の公家。
English: He became Kurodo no to (head chamberlain) in 1765, Sangi (councilor) in 1768, and Dainagon (a chief councilor of state) in 1779.
Japanese: 1765年（明和2年）蔵人頭、1768年（明和5年）参議、1779年（安永8年）大納言に至る。
English: In the following year, 1792, however, he was expelld from his post to take responsibility for Songo ikken (Songo Incident; incident that Emperor Kokaku tried to give Imperial Prince Sukehito: the Emperor's natural father, daijo-tenno-go [name of the retired emperor], but bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] denied that).
Japanese: しかし、翌1792年（寛政4年）尊号一件（光格天皇が実父典仁親王に太上天皇号を贈ろうとしたが幕府に拒否された事件）の責任をたらされて職を免じられた。