nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Contrastingly, there is a recent theory that Mitsunari had a very intimate relationship with Kodaiin, who was Hideyoshi's official wife, and that he disliked Yodo-dono and her close aides because she had interfered in politics as Hideyori's mother.
Japanese: その一方で近年、三成は秀吉の正室である高台院と親密であり、逆に秀頼の母として政治に介入する淀殿とその側近を嫌っていたとする、これまでの通説とは正反対の説も浮上している。
English: The basis of this theory is that Tatsuhime, who was the third daughter of Mitsunari, was adopted by Kodaiin according to "Sugiyama-ke Yuishogaki (Pedigree of the Sugiyama Family)" and "Oka-ke Yuishogaki (Pedigree of the Oka Family)"; Kozosu, who was a top aid of Kodaiin, was Mitsunari's relative and negotiated to open Otsu Castle for the western army in the Battle of Sekigahara; and there were no Mitsunari's relatives in proximity to Yodo-dono (for details, see "Kodaiin").
Japanese: その論拠として、三成の三女辰姫は高台院の養女である【杉山家由緒書・岡家由緒書】こと、側近筆頭の孝蔵主は三成の縁戚で関ヶ原でも西軍のために大津城の開城交渉を行っていること、淀殿の周辺に三成ら西軍派の縁者がいないことなどがあげられる（詳しくは高台院を参照）。
English: The following is about the portrait that was painted based on his supposed skull (said to be authentic).
Japanese: ここでは特に、三成自身（と伝えられる）の頭蓋骨から復顔した肖像画を取り上げる。
English: In 1907, more than 300 years after the Battle of Sekigahara, Yosuke WATANABE, of Tokyo Imperial University, excavated a tomb believed to be that of Mitsunari, and Buntaro ADACHI, in the anatomy department of Kyoto Imperial University, investigated and analyzed the skeleton.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いから約300余年を経た明治40年（1907年）、東京帝國大学の渡辺世佑が三成の伝記執筆のために、三玄院にある三成のものと思しき墓を発掘、京都帝國大学解剖学教室の足立文太郎が遺骨を鑑定調査した。
English: In 1976, at the request of Takayuki ISHIDA, a photographer and descendent of Mitsunari, Shuichi NAGAYASU, the former chief of engineering of the Tokyo National Research Institute of Police Science, used plaster to reconstruct the facial features.
Japanese: 下って昭和51年（1976年）、末裔の一人である石田多加幸（写真家）からの依頼を受け、東京科学警察研究所元主任技官・長安周一が石膏復顔を行った。
English: In March, 1980, the Japanese-style painter Mikio MAEDA drew a portrait of Mitsunari from the plaster-reconstructed face under the direction of Tetsuro ISHIDA, of Kansai Medical University.
Japanese: それをもとに関西医科大学の石田哲郎の指導のもと、昭和55年（1980年）3月、日本画家前田幹雄の手によって石膏の復顔肖像画が制作された。
English: One of the reasons that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was able to rule the entire country was that he had talented bureaucrats such as Mitsunari and that they always accomplished the transport of military goods.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉が短期間で天下を統一できた理由のひとつとして、三成ら有能な行政官僚が常に後方補給などの輜重役を担当したことが挙げられる。
English: In fact, in the Bunroku-no-eki War he persuaded the feudal lords who had widened battle lines in ignorance of military logistics and let them come together at Hancheng (Seoul).
Japanese: 実際に文禄の役の際にも兵站度外視で無闇に戦線拡大する諸将を説得して漢城（ソウル）に集結させた。
English: Because Mitsunari governed wisely in Sawayama, he was beloved by his people; after his death, they set ksitigarbhas near Sawayama Castle to comfort his spirit.
Japanese: 三成は佐和山で善政を敷いていたため領民から慕われ、三成の死後も佐和山の領民はその遺徳を偲んで、佐和山城付近に地蔵を築くなどしてその霊を慰めたという。
English: Ieyasu's main retainer, Naomasa II, who ruled Sawayama after Mitsunari's death, died from wounds of the Sekigahara two years after the execution of Mitsunari (1602).
Japanese: なお、家康の重臣で三成死後に佐和山に入った井伊直政は関ヶ原での負傷が原因で三成刑死から2年後（慶長7年、1602年）に死去した。
English: Mitsunari was said to exempt villagers from customs when famine struck Furuhashi-mura Village in his domain.
Japanese: 三成は領内の古橋村が飢饉に襲われたとき、年貢を免祖したといわれている。
English: He provided generous support to the temple of his mother's family, Hokke-ji Temple, which was then located in Furuhashi.
Japanese: 古橋には当時、三成の母の菩提寺である法華寺があったが、三成は手厚い保護を与えていたという。
English: Consequent upon the downfall of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI in 1595, even though the feudal lords had abandoned him, Mitsunari begged for Hidetsugu's life till the end, believing in his innocence.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）の豊臣秀次失脚時には、諸将が秀次を見限る中で三成は「秀次公無罪」と信じ、最後まで秀次の助命に動いた。
English: The Wakae hachinin-shu (eight elite retainers of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI) such as Tadayasu MAENO (Hyogo MAI) were impressed by Mitsunari and thus aligned themselves under his command.
Japanese: 秀次の家臣であった前野忠康（舞兵庫）ら若江八人衆はその三成の姿に感激し、以後、三成の麾下に加わった。
English: There is a theory that at that time Mitsunari wanted to act in concert with Yusai HOSOKAWA, but he couldn't do so effectively because he was in a distant location conducting kenchi (surveys).
Japanese: この際、細川幽斎と共同しようとしたが、三成が遠方の検地に赴いていた為、思うように動けなかったとする説もある。
English: It means, "When all people work for one and one works for all, it brings a peaceful world."
Japanese: 「万民が一人のため、一人が万民のために尽くせば太平の世が訪れる」という意味である。
English: Mitsunari hated injustice and implemented the Toyotomi government on the basis of morality without personal consideration.
Japanese: 三成は不正を極度に嫌い、情実も介さず、常に自らの信念に基づいて豊臣政権の行政を司っていた。
English: However, he was so serious and honest that he was perceived as arrogant and was disliked by feudal lords.
Japanese: ところが、そのあまりな謹厳実直な性格が、周囲からは融通のきかない傲岸不遜、横柄な態度と映った。
English: This caused budan-ha (persons carrying out politics by military means) such as Kiyomasa KATO to attack Mitsunari.
Japanese: そのため諸大名からの人望を得られず、加藤清正ら武功派諸将の三成襲撃を招いた。
English: The fact that Mitsunari tried to take hostages from the feudal lords of the eastern army gave rise to the rumor of demonic behavior.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いの前に、東軍諸大名から人質を取ろうとしたことも奸臣説を呼び込んだ。
English: Yoshihiro SHIMAZU said of him, "As Hideyoshi's right-hand man, the power of Jibu-sho Ishida, the castellan of Goshu-Sawayama, is without parallel."
Japanese: 島津義弘は「江州佐和山の城主・石田治部少輔、太閤公の股肱の臣として、その勢威、比肩の人なし」
English: Mokujiki Ogo Jonin (St. Ogo MOKUJIKI) said, "As to Jisho (Jibu-Sho title, Mitsunari's title), Gobugyo can be seen as the foremost of them."
Japanese: 高野山の木食応其上人は「治少（治部少輔。三成の官位）、御奉行のその随一なる顔にて候つる。
English: If he turns his face away even a little, the government will go wrong in a whisk."
Japanese: 少しもそむけ候えば、たちまち身のさわりをなす仁にて候」と夫々評した。
English: It is said that Mitsunari slandered Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI by saying to Hideyoshi, "He was staying in the mountains to plot a rebellion," and this made Hideyoshi decide to exclude Hidetsugu.
Japanese: 豊臣秀次のとき、三成は秀吉に対して、「御謀反調議ノタメニ、山々ニ在留セラル」と讒言し、これが秀吉に秀次排除を決意させたとされる。
English: Mitsunari might have worked in a businesslike manner on Hideyoshi's disposition, and might have played the bad guy instead of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 三成は秀吉の意向を受けて働いただけであり、結果として事務処理をせざるをえなかった三成が秀吉の代わりに憎まれ役になったという事実があった。
English: However, this was not enough to assert that "it was Mitsunari that accused Hidetsugu directly as a rebel," and there is disagreement about it (Mitsunari had gone to Kanto and Kyushu to conduct kenchi surveys until a week before the Hidetsugu incident).
Japanese: しかしそれをもって「秀次を謀反の罪で直接糾弾したのは三成」と断言できるかどうかについては意見がわかれる（ただ、秀次事件の1週間前まで三成は関東・次いで九州の検地に赴いていた。
English: It is said that a fully prepared plan was needed in order to carry out the Hidetsugu plan, because most people concerned could avoid complicity except for Hidetsugu's family.
Japanese: 秀次に関わる殆どの人間が一門を除いて連座を免れている為、周到な根回しが必要だったのではないかとする説もある。
English: In the event of the Battle of Sekigahara, Yoshitsugu OTANI said to Mitsunari, "even if you (Mitsunari) give them a pep talk, your natural imperiousness makes even those who want peace and security of the Toyotomi Family go under Naifu (Ieyasu).
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いの際に、大谷吉継は三成に対して「お主（三成）が檄を飛ばしても普段の横柄ぶりから、豊臣家安泰を願うものすら内府（家康）の下に走らせる。
English: Here, put Aki Chunagon (Terumoto MORI) or Bizen Chunagon (Hideie UKITA) to the front and you remain behind," and expostulated with him.
Japanese: ここは安芸中納言（毛利輝元）か備前中納言（宇喜多秀家）を上に立て、お主は影に徹せよ」と諫言した。
English: Yoshitsugu said in reference to Mitsunari's battle plan, "It isn't a battle plan but a gamble."
Japanese: 三成の立案した作戦を「それは作戦などではなく博打というものだ」と語ったといわれる。
English: Though Mitsunari initially followed Yoshitsugu's advice, he became arrogant as before.
Japanese: 三成は当初は諫言に従ったが、後にはいつもの横柄さに戻ってしまったという。
English: It is said that the kick-off ceremony held by Hideie UKITA on July 1 at his own discretion led to the Battle of Sekigahara involving both the eastern and western armies, and that Mitsunari was poorly prepared (Mitsunari's brother-in-law, Masayuki SANADA, complained to Mitsunari in his letter, "Why didn't you ask me beforehand?" but Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo-no-daibu), Tamenobu TSUGARU, Yoshitsugu OTANI and others of the Mitsunari faction weren't consulted beforehand, either).
Japanese: 関ヶ原に至る東西両軍の戦いは七月一日の宇喜多秀家の独断での出陣式がきっかけであり、三成は準備不足であったことが指摘されている（義兄弟である真田昌幸の「どうして事前に相談してくれなかった」と三成に文句を言う手紙が現存しており、佐竹義宣(右京大夫)、津軽為信、大谷吉継などその他の三成派も事前の相談を受けていなかった）。
English: On January 19, 1599, Takatora TODO informed Ieyasu of Mitsunari's plot to assassinate Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 慶長4年（1599年）1月19日に、三成が徳川家康暗殺を計画している旨を、藤堂高虎が家康に注進した。
English: It is said that the assassination plot was attempted but failed in March 1599 (while another theory asserts that Mitsunari's main retainer, Sakon SHIMA, plotted on his own).
Japanese: 同年3月に暗殺に失敗したという説もある（重臣の島左近が勝手に計画したともされる）。
English: There is a theory that Mitsunari plotted the poisoning of Ujisato GAMO, Gamo-sodo (the Gamo Family feud) and the resultant weakening of the Gamo Family, but many of Gamo's former retainers served and died for Mitsunari so today this theory is denied.
Japanese: 蒲生氏郷を毒殺し、後に蒲生家の騒動（蒲生騒動）及び蒲生家の弱体化を三成が謀ったとも言われたが、蒲生家の多くの旧臣が三成に仕え、三成のために死んでいるという反証もあり、現在は否定されている。
English: She became an official wife of Nobuhiro TSUGARU, the second lord of the Hirosaki domain, but she was demoted to the status of a concubine because Matehime (Ieyasu's adopted daughter) married Nobuhiro.
Japanese: 弘前藩2代藩主津軽信枚の正室、のち満天姫（家康養女）降嫁により側室に降格。
English: As a certain Yamada's aunt was Ieyasu's concubine Cha'a-no-Tsubone, he served Tadateru MATSUDAIRA, taking his wife (Mitsunari's daughter) after the ruination of the Ishida Family.
Japanese: 山田某の叔母は家康の側室茶阿局でその縁から石田家没落後は妻（三成の娘）を連れ松平忠輝に仕えた。
English: When Shigemasa aroused the displeasure of Furihime, who was the lord Tadasato GAMO's mother (and the third daughter of Ieyasu), and had to commit seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), she left Aizu.
Japanese: 重政が藩主蒲生忠郷の母振姫（家康の三女）の勘気に触れ切腹処分になると会津を離れる。
English: Ofuri-no-kata had a baby called Chiyohime, who was the first daughter of Iemitsu; eventually, Chiyohime married into the Owari-Tokugawa Family and her family tree continued till the seventh lord Muneharu TOKUGAWA. (though another theory exists).
Japanese: お振の方は家光の長女千代姫を産み、尾張徳川家に嫁いだ千代姫の血が7代藩主徳川宗春まで続く（異説有）。
English: Nobukatsu (Nobuo) ODA was a warlord/daimyo (feudal lord) who lived in the Azuchi-momoyama and early Edo periods.
Japanese: 織田信雄（おだのぶかつ／のぶお）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期にかけての武将・大名。
English: Some say that Nobukatsu and Nobutaka ODA, who was born several days earlier, were deemed as second and third son, respectively, because the lady in waiting made notification of Nobukatsu's birth earlier than Nobutaka's birth.
Japanese: 織田信孝の方が数日先に生まれたが、侍女が信長に出生を伝えるのが信雄の方が早かったために信雄は次男、信孝は三男とした説がある。
English: However, the latter view mentioned above originated with a historical document written by a person who was a direct descendent of Nobukatsu, and Nobutaka's mother was from the Saka family, a branch of the Kabuto family, which was a branch of the Seki family (the Seki family originating from the Taira family), the most powerful ruling family in Ise Province.
Japanese: ただし、身分説は信雄家系により後年書かれた史料に見られるもので、信孝生母坂氏は伊勢国随一の豪族関氏平姓関氏の庶流鹿伏兎氏の庶流にあたる。
English: Thus, considering the conditions of the Saka and Ikoma families, it makes no sense at all, as a matter of fact, that the lineage of the Saka family was ranked lower than the lineage of the Ikoma family.
Japanese: 生駒氏より劣る事は、出生当時の両家の情勢を考えると、実際には考えにくい。
English: In 1570, after his father Nobunaga attacked Kitabatake, Nobukatsu became the adopted heir to Tomofusa KITABATAKE in return for reconciliation, and married a daughter of Tomonori KITABATAKE.
Japanese: 元亀元年（1570年）、父・信長の北畠攻めの際に和睦の条件として、北畠具房の養嗣子となり、北畠具教の娘を娶る。
English: In the following year (1576), he killed the Kitabatake, including Tomonori KITABATAKE, his adoptive father, to eliminate the Kitabatake forces.
Japanese: 翌天正4年（1576年）には、義父である北畠具教や北畠一門を抹殺し、北畠勢力を駆逐した。
English: In 1579, he invaded Iga Province without Nobunaga's permission and sustained a crushing defeat, and was rebuked by Nobunaga severely.
Japanese: 天正7年（1579年）、信長に無断で伊賀国に攻め込み大敗したため、信長から激しく叱責された。
English: In 1581, however, he was entrusted by his father with the forces of the daimyos in Yamato Province and Ise Province to once again invade Iga and vanquish the local lords and samurai there.
Japanese: しかし、天正9年（1581年）に父から大和・伊勢国の諸大名の軍勢を預けられて再び伊賀に攻め入り、伊賀の国人を討ち果たしている。
English: His original residence, Tamaru Castle, burned to the ground in 1580; after which, he built Matsugashima Castle and moved there to reside.
Japanese: 天正8年（1580年）、伊勢の田丸城が焼失したため、新たに松ヶ島城を築城し、移り住んだ。
English: After the Honnoji Incident on July 1, 1582, in which Nobunaga was killed, Nobukatsu advanced forces on Tsuchiyama in Omi Province, but immediately withdrew back to Ise.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）6月2日の本能寺の変で信長が死去すると、信雄は近江国土山まで進軍するものの、すぐさま伊勢に撤退している。
English: On the occasion of Kiyosu Conference, which was held after the death of Mitsuhide AKECHI, Nobukatsu maneuvered to succeed Nobunaga but failed in doing so.
Japanese: そして明智光秀の死後、清洲会議が開かれると、信長の後継者になろうと画策するも失敗した。
English: Thereafter, Nobukatsu was given fiefs in Owari Province, Iga, and Minami (Southern)-Ise, which yielded approximately one million koku of rice in total, and resided at Kiyosu-jo Castle and reverted to his former surname, Oda.
Japanese: その後、尾張国・伊賀・南伊勢におよそ100万石の所領を与えられ、清洲城を居城とし、織田に復姓した。
English: In addition, he selected as his chief retainer Yoshifuyu TSUGAWA, a non-eldest son of the Shiba family, which had ruled over the Oda family in earlier days.
Japanese: また、かつて織田家の主筋であった斯波氏の庶子・津川義冬を家老に取り立てている。
English: In 1583, Nobukatsu sided with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI during his battle with Katsuie SHIBATA at Shizugatake.
Japanese: 天正11年（1583年）、柴田勝家と豊臣秀吉との戦いである賤ヶ岳の戦いでは、秀吉に味方した。
English: In addition, Nobukatsu attacked his half-brother, Nobutaka ODA, who sided with Shibata, at Gifu-jo Castle--his relationship with his brother was never repaired after the succession race which in turn forced Nobutaka to kill himself after his surrender.
Japanese: そして後継者争いで日頃から不仲であった柴田方の異母弟・織田信孝を岐阜城に攻め、その降伏後に自害させた。
English: After the death of Katsuie SHIBATA, however, Nobukatsu confronted Hideyoshi HASHIBA, who had suddenly grown in power, and concluded an alliance with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: しかし、柴田勝家の死後、急速に勢力を強める羽柴秀吉と対立、徳川家康と同盟を結んだ。
English: In April 1584, Nobukatsu killed his three key retainers, i.e., Yoshifuyu TSUGAWA, Shigetaka OKADA, and Nagatoki AZAI, based on the reason that they were in secret communication with Hideyoshi, and asked Ieyasu TOKUGAWA for help, which resulted in the Battles of Komaki and Nagakute.
Japanese: そして天正12年（1584年）3月、秀吉に内通したという理由で重臣の津川義冬・岡田重孝・浅井長時ら3人を殺害し、徳川家康に助けを求めたことから小牧・長久手の戦いが起きる。
English: In the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, the Oda and Tokugawa allied forces defeated the Hashiba forces in select places and killed those who were on the side of Hashiba, including Tsuneoki IKEDA and Nagayoshi MORI.
Japanese: 織田・徳川連合軍は小牧・長久手の戦いで局地的に羽柴軍を破り、羽柴方の池田恒興や森長可らを討ち取った。
English: Consequently, Ieyasu, who had confronted Hideyoshi under the banner of Nobukatsu, no longer had any reason to fight Hideyoshi and withdrew his forces.
Japanese: このため、信雄を擁して秀吉と対立していた家康には、秀吉と戦う大義名分を失って兵を退いている。
English: Thereafter, Nobukatsu was obedient to Hideyoshi and participated in the conquest of Ecchu and Kyushu, which were ruled by Narimasa SASA and the Shimazu family, respectively.
Japanese: 以降は秀吉に従い、佐々成政の越中征伐や島津氏の九州征伐などに参加した。
English: In February 1590, his eldest daughter Ohime, who had been adopted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, married Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）1月、豊臣秀吉の養女になっていた長女小姫と徳川秀忠が結婚する。
English: Nobukatsu moved to Owari Kiyosu-jo Castle after an earthquake in December 1585 damaged Ise-Nagashima-jo Castle.
Japanese: なお、当初は伊勢長島城を居城にしていたものの、天正13年（1585年）11月の地震で大破したため、尾張清洲城に移った。
English: Nobukatsu also participated in the conquest of Odawara in 1590, and distinguished himself in the attack on Nirayama Castle in Izu Province.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）の小田原征伐にも参戦し、伊豆国韮山城攻めで武功を挙げた。
English: The rewards doled out after the conquest had Ieyasu transfer from his fief of five provinces in Tokai to a fief of eight provinces in Kanto, and Nobukatsu was transferred from Owari to Ieyasu's former fief.
Japanese: ところが戦後の論功行賞で家康が東海5ヶ国から関東8ヶ国に移封され、代わって信雄も尾張から家康旧領への移封を命じられる。
English: Thereafter, he was banished to Akita in Dewa Province and then to Iyo Province, but, shortly thereafter--on the occasion of the Bunroku-no-eki War in 1592 (Japan's first invasion of Korea)--he was pardoned by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI through the mediation of Ieyasu, and returned to service as samurai and joined Shobanshu (officials who accompanied the Shogun).
Japanese: その後、出羽国秋田、さらに伊予国に流されたが、間もなく家康の斡旋により、文禄元年（1592年）の文禄の役に際し、豊臣秀吉によって赦免されて再出仕し、相伴衆に加えられた。
English: At the same time, Hidekatsu ODA, his eldest son, was also called in front of Hideyoshi, and given a fief yielding 50 thousand koku of rice in Kameyama in Echizen Province.
Japanese: 同時に長男・織田秀雄も召し出されて、越前国亀山に5万石を与えられた。
English: In 1614, however, he walked out on Hideyori TOYOTOMI immediately before the Battle of Osaka in 1614.
Japanese: しかし、慶長19年（1614年）の大坂の役の直前に豊臣秀頼のもとを去った。
English: It appears that a rumor was circulating among people in those days that Nobukatsu would become the supreme commander of the Toyotomi side.
Japanese: 当時、世間で信雄が豊臣方の総大将になるという噂も流れていたようである。
English: On September 15, 1615 after the Battle of Osaka, Nobukatsu was given fiefs located in Uda County in Yamato Province, Kanra County in Kozuke Province, and other places yielding a total of 50 thousand koku of rice, and thereafter returned to his position as a daimyo.
Japanese: 大坂の役後の元和(日本)元年（1615年）7月23日、家康から大和国宇陀郡、上野国甘楽郡などで5万石を与えられて、大名に復帰した。
English: While having built a tasteful garden called Rakusan-en in the castle located in Kanra County, Kozuke Province, he also committed himself to the nurturing of industries, such as sericulture.
Japanese: 上野国甘楽郡では城内に風雅な庭園楽山園を作る一方、養蚕などの産業の育成にも力を注いだ。
English: After he granted the Ueno-Obata Domain, which yielded twenty thousand koku of rice, to Nobuyoshi ODA, his fourth son, in his later days, he lived a relaxed and enjoyable life in Kyoto, enjoying the tea ceremony, falconry, and so forth.
Japanese: のち四男織田信良に上野小幡藩2万石を分け与え、自らは京都に住んで茶道や鷹狩りなど、悠々自適の人生を送った。
English: In October 1628, he participated in a tea ceremony gathering at Edo Castle at the invitation of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: なお、寛永5年（1628年）10月には徳川家光の招きにより、江戸城での茶会に参加している。
English: The fief in Uda County in Yamato Province, which had been assigned to Nobukatsu as a substantial retirement stipend, was inherited by his fifth son, Takanaga Oda.
Japanese: 実質的な隠居料であった大和国宇陀郡の領地は、五男の織田高長が継いだ。
English: Thereafter he became the lord of the Dewa-Tendo Domain due to a relocation of his manor house, and reached the days of the abolition of the feudal domains and establishment of prefectures.
Japanese: さらに陣屋の移転にともなって出羽天童藩の藩主となり、廃藩置県を迎えた。
English: However, an internal squabble over the headship right resulted in a later descendant being transferred and coming to serve as lord of the Tanba-Kaibara Domain in Temba Province, and such status was handed down until the days of the abolition of the feudal domains and establishment of prefectures.
Japanese: しかし、お家騒動にともなう転封によって丹波国丹波柏原藩の藩主となり、廃藩置県を迎えた。
English: The lineage originating from Nobutame ODA, Nobukatsu's sixth son, assumed the surname of Tsuda and became retainers of the Oda family ruling the Uda-Matsuyama Domain in Yamato Province and the Oda family ruling the Ueno-Obata Domain.
Japanese: 六男の織田信為の系統は、津田姓を称して、大和宇陀藩織田家や上野小幡藩織田家の家臣となった。
English: Geki TSUDA and Hachirobe TSUDA (Shinya TANIYAMA), Nobutame's eldest and second sons, respectively, served the Oda family ruling the Uda Domain while Tanomo TSUDA, Nobutame's third son, served the Oda family ruling the Obata Domain.
Japanese: 信為の長男・津田外記や次男・津田八郎兵衛（谷山真弥）は宇陀藩織田家、3男津田頼母は小幡藩織田家に仕えた。
English: Members of the Oda family reacted with disgust towards Nobukatsu's frequent blunders and would often lament, 'That is typical of Sansuke-dono (referring to Nobukatsu)', implying that he was considered a 'stupid leader'.
Japanese: 信雄は度々の失態を「三介殿（信雄）のなさる事よ」と当時の織田家中で呆れ気味に評されており、「暗愚の将」とされる。
English: When Nobukatsu sustained a crushing defeat in the attack on Iga carried without Nobunaga's permission, Nobunaga is said to have scolded him harshily in a letter of reprimand, and have even tried to disown him.
Japanese: 信長存命中に無断で行なった伊賀攻めで大敗したとき、信長は譴責状を信雄に送って激しく叱責したばかりではなく、親子の縁を一時は断ち切ろうとまでしたと言われている。
English: Regardless of that, Nobukatsu was always ranked higher than his younger brother, Nobutaka, due to the seniority in the Oda family, which held Nobutada in the first position, then Nobukatsu, then Nobukane, and then Nobutaka.
Japanese: 一方で織田一門の席次は織田信忠、織田信雄、織田信包、織田信孝といった順で決められてあり、弟の信孝より常に上位に配されていた。
English: It was said that forces led by Nobukatsu had advanced on Tsuchiyama in Omi but withdrew rather than fighting the Akechi forces; moreover, his action led to burn down Azuchi Castle, constructed by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 本能寺の変後、近江国土山まで軍勢を進めるも明智軍と戦わずに撤退し、さらに父・信長が築いた安土城を焼尽させたとまで言われていた。
English: (However, a recent in-depth study has revealed the cause of the destruction of Azuchi Castle to be the intrusion of natives aiming to plunder it.)
Japanese: （近年の詳細な研究により、安土城の焼失は略奪目的で乱入した土民が原因と、ほぼ断定されている）。
English: Moreover, Nobukatsu made a peace pact with Hideyoshi without the consent of his patron, Ieyasu, on the occation of the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, and later, he was deprived of his fief as a result of opposing Hideyoshi's order of transfer.
Japanese: 小牧長久手の戦いにおいても、後援者の徳川家康に無断で豊臣秀吉と単独講和し、さらに後年は秀吉の移封命令に逆らって改易された。
English: The record shows that Nobutada KONOE thought, while appreciating the Noh sponsored by Hideyoshi in 1593 with the Emperor in attendance, that Joshin was an unrivalled Noh player, and that he was exceptionally skilled at handling his fans.
Japanese: 文禄2年（1593年）に秀吉が主宰した天覧能を観た近衛信尹は「常真御能比類無し、扇あつかひ殊勝ゝ」との感想を残している。
English: In addition, the Tokugawa Jikki (official records of the Edo Shogunate) contains an entry that details the overwhelming emotional reaction of the audience to Joshin's skillful Tatsuta-no-mai dance during a Noh play held at Jurakudai.
Japanese: また徳川実紀には聚楽第で催された能について「殊に常真は龍田の舞に妙を得て見るもの感に堪たり」と記されている。
English: Goro HIRAYAMA (born in 1829 and died on October 30, 1863) was a samurai in the Edo period.
Japanese: 平山五郎（ひらやまごろう、文政12年（1829年）-文久3年9月18日(旧暦)（1863年10月30日））は江戸時代の武士。
English: He served in Shinsengumi, holding the office of assistant deputy leader (Some say that he was promoted to leader or deputy leader status after the demotion of Nishiki NIIMI).
Japanese: 新選組副長助勤（新見錦降格後、局長、あるいは副長に昇格したともいわれる）。
English: It is said that he slashed back violently when being attacked from the left, (the side with his impaired eye), and was rather off guard when being attacked from the right (the side that should have functioned normally).
Japanese: 目が潰れた左側から打ち込むと猛烈に切り返し、逆に見えるはずの右側からだとわりあいに隙があったという。
English: There has been a record of his visit to the training hall of Rennosuke HAGIWARA, the master of the Jikishinkage-ryu school of swordsmanship, located in modern day Totsuka Ward, Yokohama City.
Japanese: 安政6年（1859年）に横浜市戸塚区の直心陰流萩原連之助の道場を訪ねた記録が残っている。
English: When Kiyokawa schemed to have the Roshigumi return to Edo, he stayed in Kyoto with Serizawa, Isamu KONDO among others.
Japanese: 清河の画策によって浪士組が江戸へ帰還すると、芹沢、近藤勇らとともに京都に残留。
English: The Mibu-Roshigumi were divided into two groups: the Mitoha group, to which Kamo SERIZAWA, Nishiki NIIMI, and others belonged; and, the Shieikanha group to which Toshizo HIJIKATA and others belonged.
Japanese: 壬生浪士組は芹沢鴨、新見錦ら水戸派と近藤勇、土方歳三らの試衛館派に分かれた。
English: When Mibu-Roshigumi had an audience with Katamori MATSUDAIRA, the lord of the Aizu domain, in May, Hirayama displayed his swordsmanship prowess with Hijikata, Heisuke TODO, and others.
Japanese: 5月に壬生浪士組が会津藩主松平容保に拝謁した際に平山は土方、藤堂平助らと剣術の稽古を披露している。
English: On June 3, 10 ronin (Serizawa, Kondo, Keisuke YAMANAMI, Soji OKITA, Shinpachi NAGAKURA, Hajime SAITO, Kenji NOGUCHI, Genzaburo INOUE, Kai SHIMADA and Hirayama) went down to Osaka City, as it is known today, in order to clamp down on outlaw ronin.
Japanese: 6月3日、不逞浪士取り締まりのため芹沢、近藤、山南敬助、沖田総司、永倉新八、斎藤一、野口健司、井上源三郎、島田魁そして平山の10人が大阪市へ下った。
English: Saito became ill while they were sailing on the Yodogawa River, and they left their boat and made their way to the red-light district in Shinchi.
Japanese: 淀川で舟遊びをしていると斎藤が腹痛を起こしたため船を下りて新地の遊郭へ向かった。