nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: One day he thinks of copying the Five Volumes of Mahayana Sutras, and hopes to dedicate it with his waka poem to a temple near the capital.
Japanese: ある日、思いいたって五部大乗経を写経し、和歌を添えて、都のあたりの寺に奉納することを願う。
English: However, Goshirakawa rejects it, at which Sutoku becomes infuriated, declaring that Goshirakawa is to be his enemy forever; he bites the tip of his tongue, swearing to be the 'Devil' and writes a solemn vow with his own blood.
Japanese: しかし後白河はこれを拒否、崇徳は激怒し、後白河は未来永劫までも敵であると宣言し、「悪魔」となることを誓って舌先を噛み切り、その血でもって誓状をしたためる。
English: FUJIWARA no Nobuyori rises in revolt, assuming Yoshitomo's name in the first year of Heiji; he kills Shinzei and displays his severed head at the prison gates.
Japanese: 平治元年には藤原信頼が義朝を語らって反乱を起こし、信西を殺害、獄門にする。
English: Meanwhile, Yoshitomo, who was once victorious, is defeated by Kiyomori, betrayed and killed by Tadamune OSADA while on the run.
Japanese: 一方、いったんは勝者となった義朝も清盛に敗北、逃亡中に長田忠致に裏切られて殺される。
English: One day, Korenari, who has served Sutoku and become a priest, changing his name to Rennyo, goes to Sanuki to visit Sutoku.
Japanese: ある日、崇徳に仕えていた是成というものが、出家して蓮如となのっていたが、讃岐にわたって面会する。
English: After Rennyo returns to the capital, he has a dream in which Sutoku becomes a vengeful ghost that leads Tameyoshi and others to attack the Hoju-ji Temple (Kyoto City), in which the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa resides.
Japanese: 蓮如は都に帰ってきてから、怨霊となった崇徳が、為義らを率いて後白河上皇の御所法住寺(京都市)を襲う夢を見る。
English: However, Hoju-ji Temple is protected by Fudo-myoo's barrier, so instead Sutoku heads for Kiyomori at West Hachijo and succeeds in invading without difficulty.
Japanese: しかし法住寺殿は不動明王の結界によって守られていたため、崇徳は西八条の清盛のもとへと向かい、難なく中へ入った。
English: Subsequently, Kiyomori increases his power and, with Sutoku's help, becomes a threat to the Emperor.
Japanese: このときから清盛が増長し、天皇をも脅かすようになっていくのは、崇徳の力によるものである。
English: Although Tametomo has been exiled to Izu, his injuries heal; soon he expels the local magistrates from Hachijo-jima and other nearby islands, occupying their lands.
Japanese: 伊豆に流された為朝だったが、傷も癒えて、八丈島など周囲の島の代官を追い出して占領してしまう。
English: Shigemitsu SAITO, who is in charge of governing Izu Province, is afraid of Tametomo's power and asks for permission by the Emperor to put down his army.
Japanese: 伊豆国を任されていた斉藤茂光はこの為朝の威勢を恐れ、天皇に討伐の許可を求める。
English: Tametomo fights desperately, sinking a boat with a single arrow, but he sees the futility of contending against heavy odds, so he cuts off his son's head and commits hara-kiri.
Japanese: 為朝はたった一矢で船を沈めるなど奮戦するが、多勢に無勢を悟って、息子の首をはねて自身は切腹する。
English: Ultimately, the tale says that the Minamoto clan will come to an end because, as an enemy of the emperor, Tametomo must, unfortunately, die.
Japanese: 物語は最後に、為朝以上の源氏はいないことを述べて、運つたなく朝敵となって果てたことを慨歎する。
English: It also makes a conclusion regarding the 'oddity of Japan,' because of the incidents in which a son kills his father, a nephew kills his uncle, an older brother exiles his younger brother and a woman hurls herself toward a certain death.
Japanese: そして、子が親を斬り、叔父を甥が斬り、兄が弟を流罪にし、女性も身を投げる「日本の不思議」であると結んでいる。
English: "Hogen Monogatari" is a war tale based on the Hogen Disturbance, but since it is a tale there are aspects of fiction and divergence from the historical facts.
Japanese: 『保元物語』は保元の乱を題材とした軍記物語であるが、物語である以上、そこには虚構、ないしは史実との乖離も認められる。
English: Historical texts describing the Hogen Disturbance include the "Heihan-ki," "Gukansho," "Hyakurensho," and "Teio Hen-nenki."
Japanese: 保元の乱に関する史料としては、『兵範記』『愚管抄』『百錬抄』『帝王編年記』などを挙げることができる。
English: Among them, "Heihan-ki" is a diary of TAIRA no Nobunori, who was in fact involved in the conflict, and is considered to be credible.
Japanese: とくに『兵範記』は乱に実際かかわった平信範の日記であり、信憑性はきわめて高い。
English: Although "Gukansho" was completed a bit later, it refers to a diary of MINAMOTO no Masayori, who was involved in the disturbance, and is therefore relied on as an historical material.
Japanese: また、『愚管抄』は成立自体はすこしくだるものの、乱にかかわったひと（源雅頼）の日記を手控えとして利用しており、こちらも史料として尊重されている。
English: MINAMOTO no Tametomo could be said to be a main character in "Hogen Monogatari," but there is a great difference in the formation of the character between the tale and the historical materials.
Japanese: 『保元物語』の主人公といってもいい源為朝であるが、物語と史料において造形には大きな隔たりがある。
English: Tametomo in the tale is depicted as an invincible warrior even in the scenes of Hogen Disturbance, and Tametomo plays an active part, shooting an armored warrior and the horse together with his strong bow and making Kiyomori's more than 600 warriors on horseback and Yoshitomo's more than 250 warriors on horseback retreat with his only 28 warriors on horseback.
Japanese: 物語における為朝は、保元の乱における記述だけに話をしぼっても、まさしく一騎当千の勇者であり、その強弓で馬ごと鎧武者を打ち抜き、わずか28騎の手勢のみで、清盛率いる600余騎、義朝率いる250余騎を退けるという活躍を見せている。
English: Yoshitomo's army had a long fight in which more than 50 warriors were killed and more than 80 were injured.
Japanese: とくに長時間戦闘をおこなった義朝勢は50人以上の死者を出し、重傷者も80人を超えるという有様だった。
English: Moreover, Tametomo could have shot his older brother but didn't; instead, he was merciful to him and hesitated about killing his brother because he thought it would be disrespectful toward him.
Japanese: 同時に、為朝は兄を射殺そうとすれば可能であったのに、不孝となることを思ってためらうという、優しさも見せている。
English: This characteristic of Tametomo is praised by Tokujiro TOMIKURA as the ideal of a warrior possessing the three virtues of wisdom, courage and benevolence.
Japanese: このような為朝の造形は冨倉徳次郎によって智・勇・仁の三徳を兼ねそなえた理想的な武人の姿であると言われている。
English: Regarding the description of Tametomo's having 28 followers, Yoshiki TANAKA says it indicates the influence of a book of Xiang Yu in "Historical Records."
Japanese: なお、為朝の配下が28騎であるのには、『史記』項羽本紀の影響であろうと田中芳樹が述べている。
English: He is described as 'a small man' in "Gukansho," although such a description would be based on his father Tameyoshi's humble words, and there is no explicit article to describe his performance in battle.
Japanese: 『愚管抄』で「小男」とされるのは、父為義の言葉であるから謙遜としても、具体的な活躍の場面は残されていない。
English: However, an article in "Heihan-ki" dated August 27, 1156, says that TAIRA no Iesada, who had captured Tametomo, received a special reward; this indicates that Tametomo was probably considered a particularly important man among the warriors who had sided with Sutoku.
Japanese: ただし、『兵範記』保元元年8月27日の記事では為朝を捕縛した平家貞が特別に恩賞にあずかっており、為朝が崇徳院に味方した武士のなかでも特別な存在であったとみなされていた可能性は高い。
English: Additionally, an article dated August 1, 1191 (according to the lunar calendar) in the chronicle of the Kamakura bakufu from 1180 to 1266 known as "Azumakagami" states that Kageyoshi OBA, who had participated in the Hogen Disturbance, had praised Tametomo as 'incomparably adept at shooting an arrow.'
Japanese: また、『吾妻鏡』建久２年（1191年）8月1日(旧暦)の記事には、保元の乱に参加した大庭景義が為朝を「吾朝無双の弓矢の達者」と評している。
English: However, Kageyoshi OBA also said that 'he might not deserve the praise,' and ' he is from the Kyushu district, so while he is on horseback, it would be difficult for him to draw a bow.'
Japanese: ただし大庭景義は「然れども弓箭の寸法を案ずるに、その涯分に過ぎるか」とし、また「鎮西より出で給うの間、騎馬の時、弓聊か心に任せざるか」
English: He describes what should be kept in mind at a cavalry battle, saying, 'If he doesn't know the fact, he will lose his life soon; the brave warrior should be adept at horseback riding; 壮士等耳の底に留むべし; one should not laugh at what an old man says.'
Japanese: 「この故実を存ぜざれば、忽ち命を失うべきか。勇士はただ騎馬に達すべき事なり。壮士等耳の底に留むべし。老翁の説嘲哢すること莫れ」と武者の騎射戦の心得を述べている。
English: "Azumakagami" seems to have been compiled after the middle of the Kamakura period and it is difficult to consider this article to be true because it focuses on knowledge on a cavalry battle, but there might have in fact been a basis for generating a heroic episode such as this tale.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』の編年が鎌倉時代中期以降とされることからも、この話しは「騎射戦の心得」の伝授に力点があり、事実と断定は出来ないが、しかし物語のような武勇譚が生まれる下地は実際にあったのかもしれない。
English: The tale includes an absurd episode in which, after he was exiled to Izu Oshima Island, he had followers of the ogre's offspring; however, regarding Tametomo after his exile, only the fact that he was killed at Izu is known based on the article in "Sonpi Bunmyaku."
Japanese: なお、物語では伊豆大島に流された後、鬼の子孫をしたがえた等、荒唐無稽といっていい話を載せているが、流罪後の為朝については、わずかに『尊卑分脈』に伊豆で討たれたことが記されるのみである。
English: In the tale, Yorinaga is praised for his excellence in study and impartial manner in the treatment of his followers, and he is described as a perfect regent.
Japanese: 物語では頼長が勉学にすぐれ、部下を平等に扱い、摂政として欠けたところはなかったことを賞賛している。
English: Additionally, Tadazane is defended with the statement that although he made his older brother Tadamichi surrender to Yorinaga his position as the head of the clan, it was based on the love between a father and a son and cannot be criticized.
Japanese: また、忠実についても、兄の忠通から頼長に氏の長者を禅譲させたことについても親子の愛情によるものであるから批判することはできないと庇う。
English: Moreover, it sympathetically describes his lamentation at the death of Yorinaga and the exile of his grandchildren.
Japanese: 頼長に先立たれ、孫たちが流罪になった際の嘆きについても同情的な筆致をみせている。
English: However, it is not a surprising evaluation because the author, Jien, was a son of Tadamichi.
Japanese: もっとも、これは著者の慈円が忠通の息子であるから、当然の評価である。
English: There would be no need to conclude the images of Tadazane and Yorinaga by a judgment of "Gukansho."
Japanese: 『愚管抄』の評価をもって、忠実・頼長の像を決定してしまう必要はないだろう。
English: However, it is true that the tale does not take up the various aspects of a bad reputation concerning Yorinaga.
Japanese: しかし、一方で頼長に関するさまざまな悪評を、物語が取り上げていないことも事実である。
English: Male homosexuality was not unusual in those days, but the tale does not contain a description of his lynching at all, while a diary written by FUJIWARA no Yorinaga "Taiki" does.
Japanese: 男色については当時とくに批判されるようなことではないが、『台記』などに多く記されている私的制裁などのことを、物語は一切記さない。
English: A famous scene that takes place in the latter part of the tale in which Tameyoshi's four young children are executed by his older brother Yoshitomo, and it has been taken as the most pathetic scene in the tale.
Japanese: 物語後半で為義の幼いこどもたち４人が、兄義朝によって処刑される著名な件で、物語のなかでももっとも哀切な場面として享受されてきた。
English: However, there is little historical material to support the assertion that the children were executed.
Japanese: しかし、このこどもたちの処刑については、ほかに拠るべき史料にとぼしい。
English: In the tale he is reluctant to kill the children as ordered by the Emperor, but there is no evidence to indicate there was an imperial order to kill them.
Japanese: 物語では天皇方からの命令によってやむを得ず切ったことになっているが、こどもたちを殺すようにとの勅が出た形跡もない。
English: Yasuo MOTOKI recently made a conjecture that Yoshitomo would have killed the younger brother and others in order to control Kawachi Genji (Minamoto clan), being in conflict.
Japanese: 近時、元木泰雄は、弟たちを処刑したのは義朝自身の意思で、対立状態の続く河内源氏を統制するためにおこなったものではないかとの推測をしている。
English: "Gukansho" tells of the tense relationship between Tameyoshi and Yoshitomo, but if it is true then the relationship between parent and children depicted in the tale would be mostly pure fiction.
Japanese: 為義と義朝の関係が険悪であったことは『愚管抄』にみえており、これが事実だとすると物語における親子関係も虚構による面が多い。
English: Alternatively, it might be considered that these children also became involved in the struggle for leadership among the Kawachi Genji.
Japanese: あるいは、このこどもたちも河内源氏の主導権争いに巻き込まれたものであるかもしれない。
English: While Yukiko IIDA considers that the tale is closer to the truth than "Gukansho."
Japanese: 一方、『愚管抄』よりも物語のほうが真実に近いのではないかとする飯田悠紀子のような理解もある。
English: It is certain that except for "Gukansho" there is no historical material that contains an article regarding the conflict between the father and the son.
Japanese: 確かにこの親子が仲たがいしていたという史料も『愚管抄』以外にはない。
English: However, as Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO pointed out, it is true that Tameyoshi approached Tadazane and Yorinaga, and Yoshitomo got close to Toba-in and Emperor Goshirakawa a few years before the Hogen Disturbance, so it is an indisputable fact that they did not have a close relationship.
Japanese: しかし、橋本義彦が指摘しているように、保元の乱の数年前からは為義は忠実・頼長に接近し、義朝は鳥羽院・後白河天皇側に接近していることは確かで、この親子の間が密接なものでなかったことは事実のようである。
English: According to "Heihan-ki," he was executed by his son Yoshitomo, but the tale says Masakiyo KAMATA and Yoshimichi HATANO killed him.
Japanese: また、『兵範記』によれば、処刑は息子である義朝自身が実行したと考えられるが、物語では鎌田正清と波多野義通によっておこなわれている。
English: There are many different views regarding Tameyoshi's execution, and "Gukansho" says that Yoshitomo did it at Yotsuzuka (not far south of Heiankyo), while "Sonpi Bunmyaku" has the same executor and place as described in the tale.
Japanese: この為義の処刑をめぐっては異説が多く、『愚管抄』は義朝が実行、場所は四塚（平安京からわずかに南）とし、『尊卑分脈』は実行者・場所ともに物語とおなじである。
English: However, "Heihan-ki" contains a description of the inspection of Tameyoshi's severed head, which would be true given the year in which the work was completed.
Japanese: しかし、『兵範記』にはわざわざ為義の首実検が行われたことまで記録されており、これらのことは史料の年代からしても事実と思われる。
English: According to "Gukansho," Tameyoshi advised Sutoku and Yorinaga to make a night attack on the Imperial Residence because they were heavily outnumbered by the enemy.
Japanese: 『愚管抄』によれば、味方の人数はすくなく、敵は多勢であるから、御所に夜襲を仕掛けるべきことを、為義が崇徳・頼長に進言している。
English: However, this advice was rejected by Yorinaga both in the historical material and the tale, so it was not implemented.
Japanese: ただし、この献策は史実・物語のいずれでも頼長にとって却下されており、実行にはいたらなかった。
English: Meanwhile, Shinzei accepted Yoshitomo's advice to make a night attack, and he had his army attack the Shirakawadono, which was the base of Sutoku.
Japanese: 一方、義朝の夜襲の献策を信西は入れて、崇徳らの本拠地であった白河殿を攻めさせている。
English: According to "Gukansho," Masakiyo KAMATA was 'Yoshitomo's number-one vassal' and a son of Yoshitomo's caretaker.
Japanese: 『愚管抄』によれば、鎌田正清は「義朝の一の郎党」とあり、義朝の乳母子であった。
English: However, in the tale (particularly Nakaraibon), he was described as a man who was afraid of Tametomo's bow and fled, and that subsequently he couldn't even go to the front line.
Japanese: しかし、物語（とくに半井本）では、為朝の弓に恐れをなして、逃亡、その後も恐れおののいて前線に出ることさえできなかった人物として描かれている。
English: Also, in Nakaraibon, at the execution of Tameyoshi he trembled in fear and couldn't cut off the head, but instead gave the task to Yoshimichi HATANO.
Japanese: また、為義を処刑するときにも、半井本では体が震えて首を打つことさえできず、波多野義通に譲っている。
English: As a whole, the tale deals with KAMATA badly compared with the historical fact.
Japanese: 全体に、物語は鎌田に対するあつかいが、史実と比較すると悪くなっている。
English: Subsequent to the disturbance, Sutoku-in was exiled to Sanuki, and copied the Five Volumes of Mahayana Sutras in order to atone for his sins, asking the Imperial Court to dedicate a copy to Iwashimizu-Hachimangu Shrine or Hasedera Temple.
Japanese: 乱後、崇徳院は讃岐に流され、自身の罪業を償うために五部大乗経をしたため、朝廷に石清水八幡宮か長谷寺へと納経の許可を求める。
English: However, Emperor Goshirakawa refused it, and Sutoku blamed him and called himself the "Great Devil," swearing to be a vengeful ghost.
Japanese: しかし、後白河天皇はこれを拒否、恨みに思った崇徳はみずからを大悪魔と称し、怨霊となることを誓う。
English: This episode about the vengeful ghost of Sutoku-in often appears in "Heike Monogatari," "Taiheiki (the chronicle describing the civil war between the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the late fourteen century)," and even in history books like "Hyakurensho," so there is no doubt that it was in fact believed at that time.
Japanese: この崇徳院の怨霊にまつわる話は『平家物語』『太平記』にもたびたび引き合いに出され、『百錬抄』など、史書にも見えているため、当時実際に信じられていたことについては疑いはない。
English: However, according to Yuji YAMADA's recent study, In's later years at Sanuki were tranquil.
Japanese: しかし、山田雄司の近時の研究によれば、院の讃岐での晩年は穏やかなものであったという。
English: Also, an anecdote about Saigyo's going to Sanuki and dedicating his poem in order to calm the vengeful ghost of Sutoku-in appears in several texts, such as in Nakaraibon and also Enkeibon of "Heike Monogatari."
Japanese: また、この崇徳院の怨霊を鎮めるために、西行が讃岐へ渡り、歌を捧げる逸話が半井本などのいくつかの諸本、また延慶本『平家物語』などに見えている。
English: It is a famous story that is told in collections of poems and stories from around the time of the tale, including "Sanka Shu" (Saigyo's representative collection of poems called "Poems of a Mountain Home" in English), "Saigyo monogatari" (A Story of Saigyo) and even 'Shiramine' ("Tales of Moonlight and Rain") by Akinari UEDA.
Japanese: これは『山家集』『西行物語』など、近い時代の歌集・説話集をはじめ、上田秋成の「白峯」（『雨月物語』）にまで伝えられる著名な話である。
English: However, it was in 1168 that Saigyo went down to Sanuki, and it was later that the vengeful ghost of Sutoku-in began to receive great attention.
Japanese: しかし、西行が讃岐へくだったのは仁安(日本)3年（1168年）のことで、崇徳院の怨霊が巷間で騒がれるのはもっと後になってからである。
English: The tale explains that Kiyomori's personality was changed by the power of the vengeful ghost, which led the tyranny of the Taira family, but it is inconsistent because the conspiracy of Shishiga-dani occurred in 1177.
Japanese: 物語では怨霊の力で清盛の性格を変化させ、のちの平家の横暴を引き起こしたとするが、たとえば鹿ケ谷の陰謀が治承元年（1177年）のことであるから、時間の辻褄があっていないのである。
English: This example should be noted because the tale distorted the historical fact and required the structural element in which Saigyo calmed the vengeful ghost of Sutoku-in.
Japanese: この例などは史実を曲げてでも、あえて崇徳院の怨霊を西行が鎮魂したという構成を物語が求めた例として注目される。
English: "Hogen Monogatari" has many different lines of text, and the book exists in three-volume and two-volume versions.
Japanese: 『保元物語』には多くの本文系統があり、3巻本、2巻本のものが現存している。
English: Although there are various views regarding the classification of the texts, Yasuaki NAGAZUMI's theory that the variant texts are classified into nine groups is widely accepted today.
Japanese: 分類については種々の論があるが、現在では9類に分ける永積安明の説が定説となっている。
English: Although Bunpobon is an incomplete set consisting of only the second volume, it has a colophon that dates it to 1318 and is the oldest manuscript in existence.
Japanese: 文保本は中巻のみの端本であるが、文保２年（1318年）年書写の奥書を持つ、現存最古の写本である。
English: This lineage of the text was copied after the Muromachi period, including a text housed in the Cabinet Library; moreover, its overall content is quite close to that of Bunpobon, so it is considered to most faithfully preserve the original form.
Japanese: この系統は内閣文庫蔵本をはじめ、いずれも室町時代後期以降の写本であるが、文保本と内容がきわめて近似していることから、もっとも古態を残していると考えられている。
English: As to Bunpobon owned by Mito Shoko-kan, a facsimile edition has been released by Oiko-shoin Publishing.
Japanese: また文保本、水戸彰考館所蔵本については、汲古書院から影印本が出版されている。
English: This text can be read on the Kyoto University Library website.
Japanese: この本文は京都大学図書館のホームページで写真を閲覧することができる。
English: Kana is basically placed beside the entire text, and it is said that the literary quality is rich.
Japanese: 基本的に全編にわたって仮名を附されており、文藝性が豊かであると説かれている。
English: It was considered by Sadaichi TAKAHASHI to be the oldest line, but in recent years there has been little follow-up to his opinion.
Japanese: 高橋貞一によってかつては最古の系統とする理解もあったが、近年では従う人はあまりいない。
English: Kotohirabon itself is said to have been compiled during the Kamakura period (Chisho KOBAYASHI) or the Muromachi period (NAGAZUMI), so the year of compilation remains unknown.
Japanese: 金刀比羅本自体についても、鎌倉時代成立（小林智昭）とも室町時代までくだる（永積氏）とも言われており、成立年代は定まっていない。
English: Hotokubon (Yomei second printing), owned by the Yomei Library, belongs to this line, and it was a source book for "New Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature."
Japanese: また、陽明文庫が所蔵する宝徳本（陽明乙本）もこの系統に属しており、新編日本古典文学全集本の底本となっている。
English: Unlike "Heike Monogatari," it is hard to clearly classify the variant texts of "Hogen Monogatari" into the Yomihon (books for reading) and Katarihon (books for telling) lines, but Yoshitoshi INUI asserts that the Hotokubon belongs to the Katarihon line.
Japanese: 『保元物語』は『平家物語』と違い、読み本系・語り本系という分類は明確にはできないものであるが、この宝徳本は犬井善壽によって、語り本系統のものではないかとされている。
English: Additionally, a portion of the content is similar to class 5, and it is a unique manuscript in the context of class 4.
Japanese: また内容の1部が第5類と重なることもあって、第4類のなかでも特殊な写本である。
English: For example, an episode after MINAMOTO no Tametomo's exile to Izu Oshima Island has been added, although it was omitted from class 4.
Japanese: 具体的には、第4類が省略している源為朝が伊豆大島に流された後の挿話を附け加えている。
English: It is neither texted nor reprinted, but a facsimile edition was published by Oiko-shoin publishing.
Japanese: テキスト化・翻刻はされていないが、汲古書院から影印本が出版されている。
English: However, it is obvious that the episode after Tametomo's exile has been added, but it doesn't have overlapping text like 京師本.
Japanese: ただし、為朝流罪以降の挿話の附け足しの跡が明確で、京師本のように重複が起こっていない。
English: The text is a mixture of class 4 and class 8, and it contains an episode after the exile of Tametomo.
Japanese: 本文として第4類と第8類の混淆本文で、為朝流罪後の挿話もおさめている。
English: The Rufubon line can be roughly divided into the hand-copied manuscript line and the line of the text printed with old, engraved wooden blocks.
Japanese: 流布本系統は大きく分けて写本系統と、古活字本（版本）にわけることができる。
English: The original form seems to have been completed during the late Muromachi period, and it was read most widely before "Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature" and others were published.
Japanese: 原型は室町後期と目され、日本古典文学大系などが出版される前は、もっとも広く読まれていた系統である。
English: Among this, the old printed book owned by the Archive and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency was added as a supplemental edition to "Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature."
Japanese: このうち、古活字本については宮内庁書陵部蔵本が、日本古典文学大系に附録としておさめられている。
English: Sosei (dates of birth and death unknown, died in 910?) was a poet and a monk who lived during the early and middle Heian period.
Japanese: 素性（そせい、生没年不詳延喜10年（910年）没?）は、平安時代前、中期の歌人、僧侶。
English: The origin of the Yoshimine clan goes back to YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo, who was the son of Emperor Kanmu, demoted from nobility to subject, therefore Sosei was a great-grandchild of Emperor Kanmu.
Japanese: 良岑氏は桓武天皇の子で臣籍降下した良岑安世にはじまり、素性は桓武天皇の曾孫にあたる。
English: When Imperial Prince Tsuneyasu, a son of Emperor Ninmyo, became a priest and fixed his residence at the Urin-in Temple, Henjo and Sosei were allowed to visit the prince.
Japanese: 仁明天皇の皇子常康親王が出家して雲林院を御所とした際、遍照・素性親子は出入りを許可されていた。
English: After the death of the prince, Henjo was entrusted with management of the Urin-in Temple, and even after Henjo passed away, Sosei lived there and the temple was known as the place where the gatherings of waka poetry and Chinese poetry were held.
Japanese: 親王薨去後は、遍照が雲林院の管理を任され、遍照入寂後も素性は雲林院に住まい、同院は和歌・漢詩の会の催しの場として知られた。
English: His poems were collected in the Imperial Anthologies such as Kokin shu (abbreviation for Kokin Wakashu - A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), and one of his poems was also chosen for FUJIWARA no Teika's Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets).
Japanese: 古今集ほかの勅撰和歌集に入集し、藤原定家の小倉百人一首にも採られる。
English: FUJIWARA no Tadahira (880 - September 14, 949) was a court noble of the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原忠平（ふじわらのただひら元慶4年（880年）-天暦3年8月14日(旧暦)（949年9月14日））は、平安時代の公卿。
English: During the Kanpyo era (889 - 898) he was promoted to the junior fifth rank, lower grade and was appointed as jiju (chamberlain), simultaneously serving as zuryo (governor) of Higo.
Japanese: 寛平年間（889年-898年）に従五位下に叙し、侍従に任じられ、肥後国受領を兼ねる。
English: In 900 he was appointed as a sangi (consultant), but he petitioned the Emperor and had his uncle FUJIWARA no Kiyotsune appointed to the post instead, so that he could then himself be appointed as the major controller of the right.
Japanese: 昌泰3年（900年）参議に任じられるが奏請して、叔父の藤原清経と代わり、自らは右大弁となる。
English: Early in the Engi era he was appointed simultaneously as the master of the Crown Prince's household and the director of the Left Palace Guards, serving as the kebiishi no betto (superintendant of the Imperial Police), and was later promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and appointed to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), serving as the superintendant of the Kurododokoro (Chamberlain's Office) while simultaneously being chief commander of the Capital Guard of the Right.
Japanese: 延喜の初めに春宮大夫、左兵衛督を兼ね、検非違使別当に補され、次いで従三位に叙し、中納言に任じられ、蔵人所別当に補され、右近衛大将を兼ねる。
English: The reign of Emperor Uda was called kanpyo no chi (The Glorious Rule of Kanpyo), when the Emperor governed directly without appointing either Regent or Chancellor, and Tadahira's eldest brother Tokihira and the scholar SUGAWARA no Michizane played the leading parts at court.
Japanese: 宇多天皇の時代は寛平の治と呼ばれ、摂関を置かずに天皇が親政をし、長兄の時平と学者の菅原道真らが政治を主導した。
English: In 897, when Emperor Uda abdicated the throne and Emperor Daigo acceded, Tokihira (as the minister of the left) and Michizane (as the minister of the right) governed jointly, but soon afterward Michizane was brought down in a plot (the Shotai Incident).
Japanese: 寛平9年（897年）に宇多天皇が譲位して醍醐天皇が即位すると、時平は左大臣、道真は右大臣に並んで朝政を執ったが、やがて政争が起き道真は失脚する（昌泰の変）。
English: Tokihira took power and began work on various reforms, but he died young in 909 at the age of 39.
Japanese: 時平が政権を握り、諸改革に着手するが、延喜9年（909年）、時平は39歳で早世した。
English: Tadahira's policies on agriculture and other areas, along with his brother Tokihira's administrative policies, are referred to collectively as 'Engi no chi.'
Japanese: 農政等実施した忠平の政策は、兄時平の行った国政改革と合わせ「延喜の治」と呼ばれる。