nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As grilling is a basic cooking method, there are various theories regarding its origin but an edition of Ningen Koza of Japan Broadcasting Corporation in 2001 stated that 'although often believed to be part of Korean culture, yakiniku actually originated in Japan after the World War II.'
Japanese: 肉を焼いて食べるという基本的な調理法である為に、起源には様々な説が存在するが、2001年のNHK人間講座で「焼肉は韓国文化と思いがちだが、戦後の日本が生んだ食文化である」と放送された。
English: On page 33 of the July 2006 supplement edition of the magazine called BUBKA, it is stated (as one of a wave of denials in Korea of a Japanese origin) that 'Yakiniku' originated in Japan but even though its place of origin can said to be Japan, it was Korean residents of Japan who actually created it.
Japanese: （朝鮮・韓国における日本起源否定の流れの一つに）別冊BUBKA2006年7月号33ページに「焼肉」の起源は日本であるが、日本発祥といえども始めたのは朝鮮人であるという説が掲載された。
English: The argument is that offal, which before the World War II had been either discarded or used as fertilizer, was grilled and eaten by Korean female factory workers in Japan and became what is now known as horumonyaki, and that therefore the custom of grilling offal (small intestine) originated not in Korea but Japan.
Japanese: 戦前に捨てるか肥料にするかしていた臓物肉を朝鮮人女工がもらってきて焼いて食べたのがホルモン焼きの始まりであり、ホルモンを焼いて食べる習慣は朝鮮にはなく、ホルモン焼きは日本で始まった。
English: After the war, while stalls selling horumonyaki became referred to as 'horumonyaki-ya' or 'chosen ryori-ya' (lit. Korean food shop), restaurants started business in Shinjuku which sold high quality meat such as sirloin and beef ribs in addition to small intestine such as mountain chain tripe and bible tripe.
Japanese: そして戦後、ホルモン焼きの屋台が「ホルモン屋」や「朝鮮料理屋」という名称になって行く中、新宿にミノやセンマイといったホルモンだけでなくロースやカルビなどの精肉を用いる店が出来る。
English: This publication claims that the Meigetsukan restaurant run by Korean women in Japan was the origin of yakiniku.
Japanese: この在日朝鮮人女性が経営する明月館が焼肉の祖であるとするのが同誌の主張である。
English: It goes on to state the theory that the dish became named 'yakiniku' when the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea signed in 1965 led to an increase in the number of people converting from the Joseon (old, undivided Korea) nationality to South Korean nationality increased, and the word 'yakiniku' became used as a direct translation of 'bulgogi' as a proposed resolution to a dispute regarding naming that occurred between Korean restaurants operated by Joseon Koreans and those operated by South Koreans.
Japanese: さらに同誌は、「焼肉」と呼称するようになったのは1965年に日本国と大韓民国との間の基本関係に関する条約が結ばれ、韓国籍に移る者が増え、在日朝鮮人の主張した朝鮮料理屋と在日韓国人の主張した韓国料理屋との呼称論争を収拾する案としてプルコギを直訳した「焼肉」が用いられることとなったのだとの説を主張している。
English: However, the account given in this magazine is doubtful as the word 'yakiniku' had earlier appeared in Robun KANAGAKI's "Seiyo Ryori Tsu" (1872), a book about Western food as a translation of the word 'barbeque,' and had also appeared in CHANG Hyok-ju's novel entitled 'Gon To Iu Otoko' (a man named Ken) (1933).
Japanese: しかし、「焼肉」という語は夙に仮名垣魯文の『西洋料理通』（1872年）にバーベキューの訳語として使用されていること、朝鮮料理の「焼肉」が張赫宙の『権といふ男』（1933年）という小説に登場していることなどから、同誌の主張は疑わしい。
English: The most generally accepted theory is that the yakiniku culture that had revolved around establishments such as the Edo period restaurant Momonji-ya underwent changes due to the influence of Western European barbeque following the Meiji Restoration, and developed further as a result of exposure to grilled meat dishes from around the world (European steak, North American barbeque, etc.) to become modern Japanese yakiniku.
Japanese: 最も一般的な説では江戸時代のももんじ屋などでひっそり続いていた焼肉文化が明治維新後に西欧のバーベキューの影響を受けて変化し、更に世界各国に存在する肉を焼く料理（ヨーロッパのステーキ、北米のバーベキューなど）の影響をも受けて変化したのが現在の日本料理の焼肉であるとされている。
English: It is said that the Japanese style of yakiniku presentation, in which meat is chosen and eaten with yakiniku sauce, was first adopted by the Shokudoen restaurant in the Kansai region.
Japanese: 食べる人それぞれが好きな肉を自分で焼きタレにつけて食べる日本のスタイルは、関西の食道園が最初に取り入れたとも言われる。
English: The yakiniku campaign song 'GO! GO! Karubi-kun' of the All Japan Yakiniku Association (written and composed by OK-D, sung by Saburo TAIHEI & SiSTA) was released as a CD single in 2002.
Japanese: 2002年、全国焼肉協会の企画により焼肉のキャンペーンソング「GO!GO!!カルビくん」（作詞・作曲：OK-D、歌：太平サブローSiSTA）がシングルコンパクトディスクで発売された。
English: 8,000 copies had been sold as of February 2003 (Nihon Keizai Shinbun, evening edition, February 22, 2003).
Japanese: 2003年2月時点で売上8000枚（日本経済新聞2003年2月22日夕刊）。
English: Tamagoyaki is a general term for Japanese egg dishes in which eggs are beaten and cooked in a pan.
Japanese: 卵焼き、玉子焼き（たまごやき）は、卵を溶きほぐしたものを焼き固める料理の総称。
English: Although in a broader definition, eggs may be cooked without being beaten, this article describes egg dishes in which the eggs are beaten.
Japanese: 広義には卵を溶かないで焼くものも含むが、ここでは溶いて焼く狭義の「卵焼き」について記述する。
English: Generally, chicken eggs are used; however, in some cases quail, duck, or ostrich eggs are also used.
Japanese: 一般には鶏卵を使用するが、ウズラ、アヒル、ダチョウなどの卵を使用する場合もある。
English: Beat eggs lightly (break the yolks with chopsticks or a fork to ensure that whites and yolks mix), and pour a small portion of the mixture into a greased skillet or other type of pan to cook.
Japanese: 黄身、白身を共に混ぜ（黄身は割りほぐして白身とよく混ぜ合わせる）、油を塗ったフライパンなどを使って焼く。
English: Typically tamagoyaki is prepared by pouring the beaten eggs into a rectangular frying pan, rolling it from one side of the pan to the other side when the eggs are just semi-cooked, and pouring in another portion of the mixture and repeating the process.
Japanese: 家庭でよく作られる卵焼きは、角型のフライパンに溶き卵をいれて薄く延ばし、表面だけを軽く焼いた状態で巻いていったものである。
English: While salt and pepper are the common seasonings, the egg mixture is sweetened when it is used in sushi or kaiseki ryori (traditional Japanese dinner).
Japanese: 味付けには、多くの場合塩、コショウを加えるが、寿司や懐石料理などに用いる場合には砂糖を加えることもある。
English: It is easy to create variations by adding spinach, carrot and other colorful vegetables to the egg mixture; also, it can be used to roll up with a filling such as in a dish called umaki, in which shredded pieces of broiled eel are rolled in the center of layers of egg.
Japanese: また、刻んだホウレンソウやニンジンといった緑黄色野菜を溶き卵に加えて焼く、ウナギを中に入れて巻く（う巻き）などのものも知られており、いろいろと応用が利く料理である。
English: Differences between non-rolled type tamagoyaki and omelettes include: whether the egg is browned or not; butter is sometimes used to cook omelettes, but not with tamagoyaki; and while milk, cream, chopped bacon, or chopped sausage are sometimes added to omelettes, they are not added to tamagoyaki.
Japanese: また、単に薄く延ばしただけの卵焼きとオムレツの相違点は、焦げ目の有無のほか、オムレツには牛乳やバターを入れることが多く、クリーム(食品)やベーコン、ソーセージなどを混ぜることがあるのが卵焼きとの大きな違いである。
English: In the 1960s, tamagoyaki used to be one of the favorite foods of children and it was listed as one of three things children typically love in a popular phrase of that time: 'Giants (a Japanese baseball team), Taiho (a sumo wrestler), and tamagoyaki.'
Japanese: なお、1960年代には、「読売ジャイアンツ・大鵬幸喜・卵焼き」と子供が好きな物の代表として挙げられることが多かった。
English: Tamagoyaki remains a popular food among children even today, and a favorite choice of foods used in school lunch boxes.
Japanese: 現代においても弁当の惣菜として人気があり、子供たちからの人気は根強い。
English: Kunoichi indicates female ninja in the jargon of ninja (professional spies in Japan, highly trained in stealth and secrecy), and the use of females as a trick was called kunoichi no jutsu (art of kunoichi).
Japanese: くノ一（くのいち）は忍者の隠語で女性のことを指し、仕事のしかけに女性を使うことをくのいちの術と呼んだ。
English: However, in the world of novels and comics, the word kunoichi is often used to mean nyonin, or female ninja, and this meaning is prevalent.
Japanese: しかし小説や漫画などで女忍、すなわち女性の忍者を意味する言葉として用いられることが多く、これが普及している。
English: On the contrary, the use of male ninja was called the art of tajikara (probably because the Chinese character '男' is broken into '田' (ta, or rice field) and '力' (chikara, or force)).
Japanese: ちなみに男性を使うことはタヂカラ（タヂカラの術）と言った（これは男の田と力から由来していると思われる）。
English: Nyonin were sent to the enemy that they could not beat through physical strength alone, and were disguised as maid servants, whereupon they gathered classified information and committed assassinations.
Japanese: 女忍は、主に力一辺倒では太刀打ちできない相手に対して下女などと偽って送り込まれ、機密情報の収集や暗殺などを請け負った。
English: Therefore, the chances of nyonin doing the same job as the male ninja (who were dressed all in black) seemed rare.
Japanese: そのため、全身黒ずくめの忍者装束を着て男忍と同じような任務に就くことは、実際にはほとんどなかったらしい。
English: However, there were risks that a nyonin would fall seriously in love with the enemy she was supposed to lure and thus betray her friends.
Japanese: しかしながら、籠絡する相手に真剣に惚れ込んだり、裏切ったりするなどの危険が付きまとっていた。
English: In order to avoid this, it is said that a ninja who acted as a liaison and watchdog would constantly observe the kunoichi, and if she showed even a slight sign of betrayal the ninja would kill her mercilessly.
Japanese: それを防ぐために連絡役兼監視役の忍者が常に行動を監視し、裏切りの気配を見せたときには容赦無く殺害していたとも言われる。
English: Nowadays, the kunoichi is generally described as 'くノ一' (kunoichi), and the fact that the Chinese character '女' (female) can be broken into 'く' (ku), 'ノ' (no) and '一' (ichi) is supposed to be the origin of the term.
Japanese: 現在一般に「くノ一」と表記され、「女」という字を分解すると「く」と「ノ」と「一」に分けられる事が語源とされている。
English: The former theory that the character '女' can be broken into 'くノ一' came to be used as a familiar term for female ninja.
Japanese: 女の字を分解した「くノ一」は、現在では女忍者の俗称として使われるようになった、とする説がある。
English: However, the latter theory lacks clear credibility because, depending the material, the way of counting the number of human holes is different, including the theory that it includes the urinary hole, saving the navel.
Japanese: しかし、穴の数え方が資料によってまちまちのため（例えば、へそではなく尿口を数えるなど）の説もあり、信憑性は今ひとつである。
English: Also, there is another theory that the word 'kunoichi' itself was coined by Futaro Yamada, the authority on ninja novels.
Japanese: また、「くノ一」という言葉自体が、忍者小説の大家である山田風太郎の手による造語である、という説もある。
English: The novelist Shinjuro TOBE said in his book, 'Ninja To Ninjutsu' (Ninja and the Art of Ninja), that kunoichi originally came from 'kuichi no michi,' which indicates the art of the chamber bed in Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang, an occult deviation system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), and the Chinese character '九' and hiragana, whereby 'く' happen to have the same pronunciation and with the combination of '一' it becomes '女.'
Japanese: 作家の戸部新十郎は、元々は陰陽道における房術を示す「九一ノ道」が本義であり、九の字がたまたま、平仮名のくの字と同じ発音のうえ、一と合すれば、ともに女になることからくノ一というふうになったものである、と著書「忍者と忍術」で述べている。
English: The famous kunoichi group was Arukimiko (traveling shrine maidens), which served Shingen TAKEDA.
Japanese: 史実に登場するくノ一で有名なのは、武田信玄に仕えた歩き巫女の集団である。
English: Arukimiko toured many places in Japan and performed tricks and traditional Japanese dances, and occasionally provided sex for money.
Japanese: 歩き巫女とは各地を回って芸や舞を見せ、時には男性に身を任せることもあった。
English: Among such children, only those who were sound in mind and body were selected, and they were made into arukimiko and sent to various places as onmitsu (spies).
Japanese: その中から心身ともに優れた美少女のみを集めて歩き巫女に仕立て、隠密として各地に放ったのがくノ一である。
English: Shingen ordered Chiyojo MOCHIZUKI, who was the young widow of Moritoki MOCHIZUKI, the head of the Mochizuki clan--the local ruling family in Kitasaku County, Shinshu Province--to make the girls into kunoichi.
Japanese: 信玄がくノ一の養成を命じたのは信州北佐久郡の豪族望月氏当主・望月盛時の若き未亡人・望月千代女であった。
English: Actually, Chiyojo was a blood relative of the important family Mochizuki, and Moritoki MOCHIZUKI, who was a nephew of Shingen, became irimuko (a man who takes his wife's name) of the Mochizuki family.
Japanese: 実は千代は甲賀流忍術の流れを汲む名家・望月家の血族であり、豪族望月氏には信玄の甥が入り婿になっていた。
English: Shingen appointed Chiyojo as 'the chieftain of Miko both in the Kai and Shinano provinces' and opened the training hall called 'Kai and Shinano Miko do' in Netsu Village, Chiisagata County, Shinshu (the present-day Netsu, Tomi City, Nagano Prefecture) in which she taught 200 to 300 girls from jujutsu (an occult art), saying prayers to ninjutsu, art of self-defense and even an art of sex in case the enemy was a male.
Japanese: 信玄は彼女を「甲斐信濃二国巫女頭領」に任じ、信州小県郡禰津村（現長野県東御市祢津）の古御館に「甲斐信濃巫女道」の修練道場を開き、200～300人を超える少女達に呪術、祈祷から忍術、護身術、更に相手が男性だった時の為に性技まで教え込んだ。
English: Arukimiko were called 'Nono,' and in Netsu Village, Nonokoji Street on which the miko's houses used to stand, and their graves still exist.
Japanese: 歩き巫女はののうと呼ばれ、禰津村には巫女の家が並んだののう小路や墓が残る。
English: Because the arukimiko were allowed to freely cross the border and go everywhere, they gathered information, acted as liaisons with and reported everything to Shingen, performed kuchiyose (spiritualism) and dances, and sometimes prostituted themselves in the Kanto and Kinai regions (provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
Japanese: 歩き巫女に国境は無く、全国何処でも自由に行けたため、関東から畿内を回って口寄せや舞を披露し、時には売春もしながら情報を収集し、ツナギ（連絡役）の者を通じて信玄に逐一報告した。
English: However, Shingen, who was afraid of his vassals' rebellion, didn't allow them to give overnight lodging to Buddhist priests and arukimiko.
Japanese: 反面、信玄は家臣の謀反を恐れて、彼らの自宅に僧、巫女を泊めるのを禁じた。
English: Kagamibiraki is an event held to wish for a peaceful year for the family by cutting a kagamimochi (a large, round rice cake) offered to Toshigami (a god of the incoming year) at the New Year, cooking it in zoni (vegetable soup containing rice cakes) or shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of rice cake), and eating it.
Japanese: 鏡開き（かがみびらき）とは、正月に年神に供えた鏡餅を割り、雑煮や汁粉に入れて食べ、一家の円満を願う行事である。
English: This is to pray to Toshigami for a long life by eating hard food and making the teeth stronger.
Japanese: これは、硬いものを食べ、歯を丈夫にして、年神様に長寿を祈るためという。
English: In samurai families, mochi or rice cakes offered before the ceremonial display of a suit of armor would be cooked in zoni and eaten, and this event was held to celebrate 'hatsuka (blades and hilts)."
Japanese: 武家では、鎧などの具足に供えた具足餅を下げて雑煮にして食し、これを「刃柄（はつか）」を祝うといった。
English: Also, the event of kagamibiraki carried out by a woman using a kagamimochi offered before a bronze-mirrored dressing table is called a celebration of 'hatsukao (the first face),' and this word is an engo (word associated) with the word 'hatsuka,' meaning the twentieth day.
Japanese: また、女性が銅鏡台に供えた鏡餅を開く事を「初顔」を祝うといい、二十日（はつか）にかける縁語とした。
English: Note that expressions such as 'kiru (cut)' and 'waru (break)' are avoided but instead the lucky word 'hiraku (open)' is used.
Japanese: また、「切る」「割る」という言葉を避けて「開く」という縁起の良い言葉を使っている。
English: Originally, Kagamibiraki was held on January 20 (by the lunar calendar) after the Lunar New Year (January 15 (by the lunar calendar)), which was at the end of matsunouchi (the first seven days of the year in which matsu kazari (pine decorations) were displayed).
Japanese: 元々は松の内が終わる小正月（1月15日(旧暦)）後の1月20日(旧暦)に行われていた。
English: However, because the death of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA occurred on April 20, 1651 (by the lunar calendar), the holding of the kagamibiraki event on January 20 was avoided in the Kanto region in recognition of the anniversary; instead, it was later decided to be held on January 11 (by the lunar calendar) after Matsunouchi.
Japanese: しかし、徳川家光が亡くなったのが慶安4年（1651年）4月20日(旧暦)であったため、関東では1月20日を忌日として避け、後に松の内後の1月11日(旧暦)とされた。
English: For this reason, although the Gregorian calendar (the solar calendar) is now in use, the event is still held on January 11 after Matsunouchi ends on January 7 in the Kanto region, while in other regions it is held on January 20 (the end of the Lunar New Year).
Japanese: ゆえにグレゴリオ暦（新暦）になった現在でも関東は松の内1月7日後の1月11日、他の地方では1月20日（二十日正月）に行なわれる。
English: The expression 'kagamibiraki' is also used occasionally to refer to the opening of a sake barrel by breaking its lid with a wooden hammer at a feast; however, the correct expression of this event is 'kagaminuki.'
Japanese: これとは別に、祝宴などで酒樽の蓋を木槌で割って開けることを鏡開きと呼ぶ場合があるが、元来は鏡抜きが正しい表現である。
English: Budo has developed from a traditional Japanese martial art ("kobudo," old budo), to which has been added the aspect of "geido" (the way of artistic self-discipline), which aims for the perfection of character through practices to hone the skills, to the techniques to kill or conquer others.
Japanese: 武道（ぶどう）とは、伝統的な日本武術（古武道）から発展したもので、人を殺傷・制圧する技術に、その技を磨く稽古を通じて人格の完成をめざす、といった芸道の面が加わったものである。
English: In pursuit of the "do" or "michi" (the way), it has something to do with "sado" (the way of tea), "nihon buyo" (Japanese dance) or "geido" in that they share the common mental attitudes or movements, such as "zanshin" (a state of awareness; of relaxed alertness, which is spelled as 残心, 残身, 残芯).
Japanese: 道の追求という点については、残心（残身、残芯）などの共通する心構え所作などから茶道や日本舞踊、芸道ともかかわりを持つ。
English: The ideal of budo varies from one school to another or from one martial artist to another, and contradictory views exist.
Japanese: 武道の理念は流派、武道家により様々であり、正反対の考え方さえ存在している。
English: The word "budo" referred to the Bushido (Japanese chivalry) in the Edo period, but late in the Edo period it also became a reference to bujutsu (martial arts).
Japanese: 「武道」という言葉は江戸時代には武士道のことを指したが、江戸時代後期頃から武術のことも指すようになった。
English: In the Meiji period, bujutsu became old-fashioned and survived only through means of bujutsu performances.
Japanese: 明治時代に、武術は廃れ、武術興行などを行いなんとか命脈を保つ状態となった。
English: Given the situation, Jigoro KANO theorized and rationalized jujutsu (a kind of Japanese martial art style including unarmed and armed techniques) in his own way, developed judo from it, did lots of "randori" (free-style) practice, and thus flourished.
Japanese: このような中、嘉納治五郎は柔術を独自に理論化・合理化した柔道を開き乱取り稽古を盛んに行い大いに栄えた。
English: With reference to this, the trend came to have content that emphasized not the traditional techniques but the educational effect, or mental training, from the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, just after the Japanese-Sino War (in the song of the kendo master Sasaburo TAKANO, 'As kendo is the way of God's instructions, cultivate the "yamato-gokoro" (Japanese spirit) by way of the sword'), and Japanese bujutsu as the way of Japanese traditional fighting skills was adopted in school education as a means to promote mental training in the subject under the Empire of Japan.
Japanese: これを参考に日清戦争直後の明治末から大正にかけて、これまでの技術が主となる内容ではなく教育的効用や精神修養を重んじる風潮となり（剣道家の高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なればやまと心をみがくこの技」とある）日本の伝統的な戦闘技法である日本武術を大日本帝国臣民としての精神修養としての道とし、学校教育に採用した。
English: On this point, according to the study by Tamio NAKAMURA, a professor of Fukushima University, and Ichiro WATANABE, a professor emeritus of Tsukuba University, the name 'budo' was applied in the sense of educationally useful and earnest training in order to differentiate from bujutsu, which had degenerated (or was regarded as such) because of bujutsu performance and so on.
Japanese: その背景について、福島大学教授の中村民雄や筑波大学名誉教授の渡辺一郎らの研究によると、武術興行などを行い堕落した（とみなされた）武術と区別するために、教育的に有用な真剣な修行という意味で「武道」という名称を用いたのであるという。
English: In this case, the martial art called "budo" didn't distinguish the modern budo from the traditional one, but as a reference only to the traditional one it is often called 'kobudo' (old budo) or 'koryu' (old style), etc.
Japanese: この時に武道と呼ばれた内容は、現代武道、伝統武術の区別はなかったが、伝統武術のみを指す場合は「古武道」・「古流」などと呼ばれる事が多い。
English: During the Meiji period, Bujutsu was considered to be difficult and harmful in school education, but in 1898 "gekiken" (kenjutsu, swordplay) and jujutsu were introduced as an extra lesson in the junior high schools of the old education system through the improvement of pedagogical methods such as the method of mass education or the unification of the basic skills of judo (jujutsu) and kenjutsu by the Kodokan Judo Institute and Dainippon Butoku-kai (Great Japan Federation of Martial Arts), and the lessons were called "budo," "kendo" and "judo" as compulsory, formal subjects.
Japanese: 学校教育において明治期には武術は教育に教育困難でかつ有害であるとされていたが、講道館や大日本武徳会による柔道（柔術）、剣術の統一の基本技制定や集団教育法など教授法改良により明治44年（1898年）に旧制中学校の課外授業に撃剣（剣術）と柔術が導入され、名称は武道、剣道、柔道とされ、必修の正課になった。
English: To teach them in school was forbidden by the General Headquarters (GHQ), but judo was adopted in 1950 and kendo in 1952 as optional training aids in the junior high schools of the new education system by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Japanese: 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により学校での教授は禁止されたが、昭和25年（1950年）に文部科学省の新制中学校の選択教材に柔道、昭和27年（1952年）に剣道が選ばれた。
English: Under the Education Ministry guidelines for junior high schools in 1958, budo such as sumo, kendo, judo-kendo, judo and so on, which were called "kakugi" (combat sports), were taught as formal lessons.
Japanese: 昭和28年（1958年）の中学学習指導要領で、相撲、剣道、柔道剣道、柔道などの武道が格技という名称で正課授業が行われた。
English: The practice fields of kakugi are written as '格技場,' but in the gymnasiums of local governments they are also spelled as '挌技場.'
Japanese: 格技の練習場は「格技場」であるが、地方自治体の体育館などでは「挌技場」という表記も見られる。
English: The name "kakugi" was changed back to "budo" under the new guidelines by the Ministry of Education in 1989.
Japanese: 平成元年（1989年）の新学習指導要領で格技から武道に名称がもどされた。
English: The manner in which one perceives the relationship between budo and sports varies from one school to another or from one martial artist to another, as follows:
Japanese: スポーツとの関係をどうとらえるかは、以下のように、流派、武道家により様々である。
English: Even if the 'sport' is replaced with 'kakutogi' (combat sports), there is a view that regards them as the same.
Japanese: 「スポーツ」を「格闘技」に置き換えても同じようなとらえ方がそれぞれ存在する。
English: Conceptually, sports aren't contrary to the budo, and thus it's possible to be both a sport and budo at the same time.
Japanese: スポーツと武道は対立概念ではなく、武道でありスポーツでもある事は可能。
English: The sport is just a part of the budo, however much the sport part increases; it is absolutely a part of the budo as a whole.
Japanese: 武道の一部にスポーツの部分があるだけで、いくらスポーツの部分が多くなっても全体としてはあくまでも武道に過ぎない。
English: Even jogging, chess and yoga are in the sport, so the budo naturally belongs to the sport.
Japanese: ジョギング、チェスやヨガでさえ、スポーツなのだから、武道も当然、スポーツである。
English: Although the game and competition are introduced into some of the budo, they were originally just parts of the budo.
Japanese: 試合・競技を導入している武道もあるが、本来は、武道の一面に過ぎなかった。
English: According to the section on 'the characters of budo according to Jigoro KANO,' some people think the essence of budo lies in the game, the "kata" (form) competition or demonstration competition, as in judo, which Jigoro KANO first put as a budo.
Japanese: 節「嘉納治五郎が挙げた武道の特徴」で、嘉納治五郎がはじめて武道とした柔道で挙げられるように試合や形競技・演武競技をおこなってこそ武道という考え方もある。
English: However, although aikido (the art of weaponless self-defense) is regarded as a budo by all, most of the schools of aikido do not hold games or competitions and so it is wrong to say that 'the budo without holding them cannot be a budo.'
Japanese: しかし、合気道は誰もが武道と認めるが、ほとんどの流派は試合・競技は行わないよう、「それがない武道は武道とは言えない」ということはない。
English: Even in the budo that holds the game or competition, the aim varies from one disciplinant to another; some aim to win, but others concentrate on their own training without sticking to them.
Japanese: 試合・競技のある武道であっても、修行者によって目的は異なり、試合・競技を目標とする者がいる一方で、稽古を中心とし試合・競技にこだわらない者も存在する。
English: We know that those who are competitive in the game or competition don't always acquire the system of high-level budo techniques.
Japanese: 試合・競技に強いからといって、武道が持つ技術体系を高レベルで習得しているとは限らないことにも表れる。
English: In this regard, we need to remember that to win the game or reach a higher level isn't an absolute must.
Japanese: 但し、武道というものは勝負に勝つことや高いレベルに達することが必ずしも至上命題ではないということを覚えておく必要があるだろう。
English: There is more enthusiasm in aiming to win the game or competition in order to see the results of training.
Japanese: 稽古の成果を確認する意味で試合・競技を見据えて稽古する方が熱が入り易い。
English: Those who tend to concentrate only on the game or competition tend to neglect the skills other than those of the game or competition, and their skills are likely to change from those that are essential.
Japanese: 試合・競技を中心に考えて取り組む傾向が強くなり、試合・競技以外の技術がおろそかになったり、技術が本来のものから変質し易い。
English: In modern times, the important things in budo are the formation of character and mental training; the skills aren't so important, and some people think the bujutsu-part of budo is just an expedient way to gather rowdy fellows who need mental training.
Japanese: 現代では武道として大事なのは人格の形成、精神の鍛錬であり技術的なことなどはさして重要でなく、武術的な部分は精神的修行の必要な荒くれ者どもを集めるための方便に過ぎないとの考え方もある。
English: Useful skills in the rules of the game are emphasized, but the other skills are likely to be neglected.
Japanese: その試合規則で有用な技術が重視され、それ以外の技術はおろそかになり易い。
English: Also, on the premise that we start one-to-one fighting by signal, whatever the rules of game are (even without banned skills or techniques), it's difficult for us to acquire the skills that include surprise moves, hidden weapons and so on.
Japanese: また、どんな試合規則にしても（禁止技無しでさえ）一対一で合図と共に戦いが始まることが前提となり、不意打ちや隠し武器などを想定した技術までカバーすることは難しい。