nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Seeing the hard battle of his side, Hidetsugu HASHIBA guessed that the Sengokubori-jo Castle's defense was not enough because it had been built quickly and had more than 3,000 of his direct soldiers such as Yoshimasa TANAKA and Shigeaki WATARASE flank the castle.
Japanese: 味方の苦戦を見て、羽柴秀次は千石堀城がにわか造りゆえに防備は十分でないと推測し、田中吉政・渡瀬繁詮ら直属の将兵三千余を側面から城に突撃させた。
English: Hidetsugu made his troops including umamawari (horse guards) attack the Ninomaru (second bailey), kill more than 300 castle soldiers and attack Honmaru (the keep of a castle), but they were prevented by the shooting with bows and guns of the castle soldiers again.
Japanese: 秀次は自身の馬廻も投入して二の丸に突入させ、城兵三百余を討ち取ってさらに本丸を攻めるが、またしても城兵の弓・鉄砲により阻まれた。
English: It is said that more than 1,000 soldiers of the Hidetsugu troops were killed or injured in only about one hour through a set of offense and defense.
Japanese: 一連の攻防により、秀次勢の死傷者はわずか半時（約一時間）の間に千余人に達したという。
English: At this time, Hidesuke NAKANOBO and Iga shu among the Tsusui troops approached the castle from karamete (backdoor) and shot a fire arrow into it.
Japanese: この時、筒井勢のうち中坊秀祐と伊賀衆が搦手に迂回して城に接近し、城内へ火矢を射込んだ。
English: Since this fire arrow touched off a powder house and it exploded, the castle burst into flames and led to surrender.
Japanese: この火矢が城内の煙硝蔵に引火爆発したため城は炎上、これが致命傷となり落城した。
English: Hideyoshi harshly ordered the killing of all people and animals, so that all in the castle including not only noncombatants but also horses, dogs and cats were killed.
Japanese: 秀吉は人も動物も皆殺しにするよう厳命し、城内にいた者は非戦闘員はおろか馬や犬猫に至るまで全滅した。
English: Against the castle soldiers of Negoro shu led by Ukon IDEHARA (井出原右近), Hasuikebo YAMADA (山田蓮池坊) and others, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, Yoshitsugu OTANI, Ujisato GAMO, Terumasa IKEDA and others attacked.
Japanese: 井出原右近・山田蓮池坊らの指揮する根来衆からなる城兵に対し、細川忠興・大谷吉継・蒲生氏郷・池田輝政らが攻撃を担当した。
English: The castle soldiers went out of the castle, throwing stones and shooting with bows and guns and fought with the Hosokawa troops, the vanguard of yosete.
Japanese: 城兵は石・弓・鉄砲を放ちながら討って出て、寄手の先鋒細川勢と激戦を繰り広げた。
English: The Hosokawa troops were heavily damaged, but after the Gamo troops joined, they attacked the castle led by Yasuyuki MATSUI.
Japanese: 細川勢の犠牲は大きかったが、蒲生勢も戦線に加わり松井康之を先頭に攻撃。
English: On the following day, the 21st, Shakuzenji-jo Castle was surrendered by mediation of Ryochin BOKUHANSAI, a head priest of the Gansen-ji Temple (Kaizuka City).
Japanese: 翌22日、願泉寺(貝塚市)の住職卜半斎了珍の仲介により積善寺城は開城した。
English: There was the same pattern where the castle soldiers shot the Kamigata army with guns, and many soldiers of yosete were injured.
Japanese: ここでも押し寄せる上方勢に城兵の鉄砲という図式は変わらず、寄手の負傷者は多数に上った。
English: Hidemasa NAKAGAWA fought in the front by himself, broke through Ninomaru and came close to the Honmaru.
Japanese: 中川秀政は自ら陣頭に立って攻城に当たり、二の丸を破って本丸に迫った。
English: It can be said that the unit of gun fighters of Negoro and Saiga shu was the strongest both in quality and quantity in the Sengoku period.
Japanese: 根来・雑賀の鉄砲衆は、その質量両面において戦国時代随一の鉄砲隊だったと言ってよい。
English: However, the vanguard castles and forts in Izumi Province which they guarded were destroyed in three days after the Kamigata army began to attack.
Japanese: だが、彼らが守りを固めていた和泉の前衛城砦群は、上方勢の攻撃開始から三日間で崩壊した。
English: The first goal for Sengoku daimyo was to maintain his territory or expand it if possible.
Japanese: 戦国大名が戦う第一の目的は自領を維持し、あわよくば拡大することにある。
English: For this reason, they wanted to avoid something as uneconomical as paying a big sacrifice in every battle.
Japanese: であるから、戦うたびに大きな犠牲を払うような不経済なことは極力避けたいというのが彼らの心理であった。
English: Therefore, it was their common response that if the vanguard was greatly damaged in the battle they did not fight daringly any more.
Japanese: ゆえに戦闘において前衛が大損害を被れば、それ以上無理押しをしないのが彼らの常識的な対応だった。
English: Negoro and Saiga shu thought that they could stand down enemies if they defeated the vanguard elite troops even against a big army.
Japanese: 根来・雑賀衆は、相手がどれほどの大軍であっても、先陣を切って攻めてくる敵の精鋭さえ撃ち倒してしまえばそれで敵を退けることができると考えていた。
English: This was based on the feeling of Sengoku daimyo who avoided big sacrifices as much as possible.
Japanese: これはできるだけ犠牲を出したくない戦国大名の心理に依拠するものだった。
English: Hideyoshi, who had an overwhelmingly big power and military force, adopted the tactics to attack with a big army ignoring any big sacrifice.
Japanese: 既に他大名を圧倒する国力と兵力を有していた秀吉は、どれほど犠牲を払おうとも一切無視して大軍でひた押しにする戦法を採ったのである。
English: They never withdrew despite many soldiers who were shot, and repeated attacking with numbers, so that even the elite unit of gun fighters of the Kishu army could not oppose them with a smaller force.
Japanese: 何人撃ち殺されても決して退かず、数を頼りに突撃を繰り返す大軍の前に、いかな精鋭の鉄砲衆といえども寡勢の紀州勢には抗する術はなかった。
English: On April 22, Hideyoshi, who saw the conquest of Izumi Province, left Kishiwada-jo Castle for Negoro-ji Temple.
Japanese: 3月23日、和泉を制圧したのを見届けて秀吉は岸和田城を発し、根来寺に向かう。
English: The main force of Negoro shu went out to the battle line of Izumi and few people who could fight stayed at the temple.
Japanese: 根来衆の主要兵力は和泉の戦線に出払っていて、寺には戦闘に耐えうる者はほとんどいなかった。
English: On that night, Negoro-ji Temple was destroyed by fire except a part of it such as the Hondo (main hall), Tahoto pagoda (a "multi-treasure" pagoda) (big pagoda) and Nandai-mon gate (great south gate).
Japanese: その夜根来寺は出火して炎上し、本堂、多宝塔（大塔）や南大門など一部を残して灰燼に帰した。
English: It is said that Negoro-ji Temple had burnt for three days and that red shining sky could be seen at Hongan-ji Temple which was located in Kaizuka in those days.
Japanese: 根来寺は三日間燃え続け、空が赤く輝く様子が当時貝塚にあった本願寺から見えたという。
English: As to the reason for the burning of Negoro-ji Temple, there is a theory that the people there set burned it by themselves, and another that Hideyoshi ordered it set ablaze and another that a soldier set fire without any order or by negligence.
Japanese: 根来寺炎上の原因については、根来側による自焼説、秀吉による焼き討ち説と兵士による命令によらない放火または失火説がある。
English: A little before that, on the 21st, the Oka shu (岡衆) of Saigaso who defected to the Kamigata army asked by the Shirakashi clan of Arida County, shot Minato shu (湊衆) of Saiga with a gun, which caused confusion in Saiga.
Japanese: 少しさかのぼって22日、有田郡の国人白樫氏に誘われて上方勢に寝返った雑賀荘の岡衆が同じ雑賀の湊衆を銃撃し、雑賀は大混乱に陥った。
English: On the same day, Heinojo DOBASHI escaped to Tosa Province by ship, relying on Motochika CHOSOKABE, and Minato shu also tried to escape by ship.
Japanese: 同日土橋平丞は長宗我部元親を頼って船で土佐へ逃亡し、湊衆も船で脱出しようとした。
English: On the following day, the 22nd, the vanguard of the Kamigata army invaded Saigaso and on the 23rd, Hideyoshi who came from Negoro entered Saiga by going west along the northern shore of Kino-kawa River.
Japanese: 翌23日に上方勢の先鋒が雑賀荘に侵入し、24日には根来を発した秀吉も紀ノ川北岸を西進して雑賀に入った。
English: In addition, the Kamigata army set fire to the areas of Minato and Nakanoshima, and half or two thirds of the other areas were also burnt, but the areas of Saginomori Temple, Oka and Uji were safe.
Japanese: また上方勢は湊・中之島一円に放火し、他の地域もおおむね半分から三分の二は焼亡したが、鷺森寺内及び岡・宇治は無事だった。
English: In this way, Saigaso was destroyed and described as 'Saiga ruined itself because of betrayals.'
Japanese: こうして雑賀荘は「雑賀も内輪散々に成て自滅」と評される最期を遂げた。
English: On the other hand, other troops such as Hidehisa SENGOKU, Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Yukinaga KONISHI were dispatched to Kinan in order to conquer it.
Japanese: その一方で仙石秀久・中村一氏・小西行長らを別働隊として紀南へ派遣し、平定に当たらせた。
English: While Naoharu YUKAWA who held great power around Hidaka County insisted on resistance, the Jinbo and Shirakashi clans in Arida County and Naokazu TAMAKI (Wasa Tamaki clan), a husband of Naoharu's daughter, in Hidaka County separated from the Yukawa clan and followed the Kamigata army.
Japanese: 日高郡を中心に大きな勢力を持っていた湯河直春は抗戦を主張したが、有田郡では神保・白樫氏が、日高郡では直春の娘婿玉置直和（和佐玉置氏）が湯河氏と袂を分かって上方勢に帰順した。
English: For this reason, Naoharu YUKAWA fought with the Shirakashi clan at Najima (present Hirogawa-cho [Wakayama Prefecture]) at first and besieged Tedori-jo Castle (Hidakagawa-cho at present) of the Tamaki clan next (the Battle of Sakanose).
Japanese: このため湯河直春はまず白樫氏と名島表（現広川町(和歌山県)）で戦い、続いて玉置氏の手取城（現日高川町）を攻囲した（坂ノ瀬合戦）。
English: The Hatakeyama clan did not have real power, but since it was held as a nominal head of the battle with Hideyoshi by Negoro and Saiga shu, it was attacked by the Kamigata army.
Japanese: 畠山氏は実権はないものの、秀吉との抗争に当たっては根来・雑賀衆に名目上の盟主として担がれており、上方勢の攻撃対象になった。
English: In the period from April 22 to 24, the Kamigata army captured Toya-jo Castle (present Aridagawa-cho), a branch castle of the Hatakeyama clan, and furthermore, the headquarter, Iwamuro-jo Castle (present Arida City).
Japanese: 3月23日以降25日以前に、上方勢は畠山氏の支城鳥屋城（現有田川町）を攻め落とし、さらに本拠の岩室城（現有田市）も陥落した。
English: In Hidaka County (Wakayama Prefecture) the Kamigata army arrived and invaded the territory of the Yukawa clan around April 22 or 23.
Japanese: 日高郡(和歌山県)でも3月23、24日頃には上方勢が来襲し、湯河領に侵攻した。
English: Naoharu thought that it was difficult to defend, and escaped to Tomari-jo Castle (present Tanabe City) of his uncle Noriharu YUKAWA (湯河教春) after burning his residence at Komatsubara and the Kameyama-jo Castle (all of which were in present Gobo City).
Japanese: 直春は防ぎ難いとみて小松原の居館も亀山城（いずれも現御坊市）も自焼して逃れ、伯父の湯河教春の守る泊城（現田辺市）へ後退した。
English: Naoharu abandoned the castle and withdrew until the 27th and left for Kumano through Ryujinyama-jo Castle (present Tanabe City).
Japanese: 28日までには城を捨てて退却し、龍神山城（現田辺市）を経て熊野へと向かった。
English: About 3,000 Kamigata soldiers entered Tanabe, burnt down all shrines and temples there and seized their shoryo (territory).
Japanese: 田辺に入ってきた上方勢三千余は同地の神社仏閣をことごとく焼き払い、その所領を没収した。
English: In Muro County (Kumano district), the Yamamoto clan in Kuchikumano offered do-or-die resistance, following the Yukawa clan.
Japanese: 牟婁郡（熊野地方）では、口熊野の山本氏が湯河氏に同調して徹底抗戦した。
English: While Mushin SUGIWAKA left for Ryushosan (Ichinose)-jo Castle (present Kamitonda-cho) where Yasutada YAMAMOTO stayed, leading about 1,000 soldiers, Hidehisa SENGOKU, Tomonobu BITO and Takatora TODO chased the Yukawa troops, leading 1,500 soldiers.
Japanese: 杉若無心はおよそ一千人を率いて山本康忠の籠る龍松山（市ノ瀬）城（現上富田町）に向かい、仙石秀久・尾藤知宣・藤堂高虎は千五百の兵で湯河勢を追った。
English: On April 30, the three commanders such as Sengoku were countered by the Yukawa army over the Shiomi Pass (Nakahechi-cho, Tanabe City) and withdrew.
Japanese: 4月1日、仙石ら三将は潮見峠越え（田辺市中辺路町）において湯河勢の反撃を受け、退却した。
English: Around the same time, the Sugiwaka troops were also defeated by the Yamamoto troops at Sanpojigawara (Sanpoji shores) (present Kamitonda-cho), which interrupted punitive expedition.
Japanese: 同じ頃、杉若勢も三宝寺河原（現上富田町）で山本勢に敗れ、討伐戦は頓挫する。
English: However, the Yukawa and Yamamoto troops did not have the power to drive out the Kamigata army, so that the battle in this direction was prolonged.
Japanese: だが湯河・山本勢にも上方勢を駆逐するほどの力はなく、この方面の戦いは長期化することになった。
English: On the other hand, in Okukumano, after Ujiyoshi HORINOUCHI at Shingu surrendered before May 12, Sadamori TAKAGAWARA, Koyama, Morinao IROKAWA and others returned to allegiance with the Kamigata army and each of them received honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate).
Japanese: 一方奥熊野では、新宮の堀内氏善が4月13日以前には降伏したのを筆頭に、高河原貞盛・小山・色川盛直氏らはいずれも上方勢に帰順し、それぞれ本領安堵された。
English: He threatened to set fire to all of the mountain if it would not accept conditions such as the return of most of the territories it had expanded, forbidding military force, and hiding rebels on the mountain.
Japanese: これまでに拡大した領地の大半を返上すること、武装の禁止、謀反人を山内に匿うことの禁止などの条件を呑まねば全山焼き討ちすると威嚇した。
English: The priests of Koyasan decided to accept all conditions as a result of a conference, and sent Mokujiki Ogo, a guest priest, as a messenger on the 15th.
Japanese: 高野山の僧侶たちは評定の結果条件を全面的に受け入れることに決し、16日に客僧の木食応其を使者に立てた。
English: Ogo met Hideyoshi who was in camp at miyago, bringing the shinkan (imperial letter) of the Emperor Saga and Kukai's handprint documents which were the important treasures of Koyasan.
Japanese: 応其は高野重宝の嵯峨天皇の宸翰と空海手印の文書を携え、宮郷に在陣中の秀吉と面会した。
English: As a result, Koyasan escaped from destruction and was provided authorization for 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure in 1591 after finishing Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).
Japanese: この結果高野山は滅亡を免れ、太閤検地終了後の天正19年（1591年）に一万石の所領を安堵された。
English: In 1592 when Koyasan had the Teihatsu-ji Temple (later the Seigan-ji Temple, the present Kongobu-ji Temple) built at the time of the ceremony as a memorial of Omandokoro, it was donated 10,000 koku by Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 同20年（1592年）、大政所追善に当たって剃髪寺（のち青巌寺、現在の金剛峯寺）を建立した際に秀吉から一万石寄進された。
English: After Saigaso was occupied by the Kamigata army, 5,000 people including jizamurai led by Sakon Munemasa OTA held Ota-jo Castle (Kii Province) at miyago which was near the Hinokuma Kunikakasu-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 雑賀荘は上方勢により占領されたが、太田左近宗正を大将になおも地侍ら五千人が日前国懸神宮にほど近い宮郷の太田城(紀伊国)に籠城した。
English: On May 6, 1592 Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Magoichi SUZUKI visited the castle and recommended surrender, but the castle side rejected it.
Japanese: 3月25日、中村一氏・鈴木孫一が城を訪れ降伏勧告を行ったが、城方は拒否した。
English: It is said that Iganokami SATAKE held a castle of Kozaika with Genshiro MATOBA, and continued to guard it for 32 days, finally surrendering after the surrender of Ota-jo Castle.
Japanese: 佐武伊賀守は的場源四郎と共に小雑賀の城に籠城し、三十二日間にわたって守り抜き、太田城開城後に続いて開城したという。
English: As Frois expressed it 'like one town,' Ota-jo Castle was not only a military base but also a town surrounded by a moat.
Japanese: 太田城はフロイスが「一つの市の如きもの」と表現したように、単なる軍事拠点ではなく町の周囲に水路を巡らした環濠集落である。
English: At first, Hideyoshi intended to capture this castle by starvation tactics, but since it took too much time, he changed it to inundation tactics.
Japanese: この城を秀吉は当初兵糧攻めで攻略する予定だったが、兵糧攻めでは時間がかかりすぎるために水攻めに変更した。
English: It seems that the reasons why he chose a long drawn-out battle instead of hard-line tactics were not only to prevent damage of the military force but also to avoid the image of hard fighting being spread.
Japanese: 強攻ではなく持久戦を選択した理由として、兵力の損耗を防ぐこともさることながら、犠牲が増えることによって苦戦の印象が広まるのを回避するためだったと思われる。
English: In the previous battle of Sengokubori-jo Castle in Izumi Province, he could capture it in one day because of the explosion of the powder house, but his army also suffered a great deal of damage.
Japanese: これに先立つ和泉千石堀城の戦いでは、城の煙硝蔵が爆発したために一日で攻略できたものの攻城側にも多大な犠牲が出ている。
English: In another aspect, it can be also thought that he tried to show his power which could also control water by attacking Ota-jo Castle with water which had fundamentally guarded the castle.
Japanese: また一面では、本来太田城を守る存在であった水を使って城を攻めることで、水をも支配する自らの権力を誇示しようとしたとも考えられる。
English: The Kamigata army consisted of the supreme commander Hideyoshi, the vice commanders Hidenaga and Hidetsugu, and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, Masuhide GAMO (the former name of Ujisato GAMO), Hidemasa NAKAGAWA, Nagamori MASUDA, Sadatsugu TSUTSUI, Hideie UKITA, Shuichi HASEGAWA, Masakatsu HACHISUKA, Nagayasu MAENO and so on.
Japanese: 上方勢は秀吉自身を総大将、秀長と秀次を副将として、その下に細川忠興・蒲生賦秀・中川秀政・増田長盛・筒井定次・宇喜多秀家・長谷川秀一・蜂須賀正勝・前野長康などの編成だった。
English: In the middle of this construction of the bank, the part under Kogashu's responsibility broke, so that Kogashu was punished with Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties) and exile.
Japanese: この築堤工事の途中、甲賀衆の担当部分が崩れたため、甲賀衆が改易流罪となった。
English: On the other hand, another bank (hereinafter this is called the side bank) had been built for flood control and defense before that, and it was reinforced by the castle side after it began to hold the castle.
Japanese: 一方城の北東には以前から治水及び防御施設として堤（以下これを横堤と呼ぶ）が築かれており、籠城が始まると城方によってさらに補強された。
English: However, the change of water pressure caused by the break of side bank resulted in the break of the bank for inundation tactics on the following day, the 20th, by which many soldiers of the Ukita troops of yosete drowned.
Japanese: ところが横堤が切れたために水圧に変化が生じたことで、翌9日には逆に水攻め堤防の一部が切れ、寄手の宇喜多秀家勢に多数の溺死者が出た。
English: On June 1, the besiegers made the navy of Yukinaga KONISHI enter the inside of the bank.
Japanese: 4月21日、攻城側は一気に決着をつけるべく、小西行長の水軍を堤防内に導く。
English: The besiegers could not capture the castle, but the besieged gave up resistance with this attack and surrendered, submitting 53 heads of important persons on the following day, the 2nd.
Japanese: 攻略には至らなかったがこの攻撃で籠城側は抗戦を断念し、翌22日、主だった者53人の首を差し出して降伏した。
English: Hideyoshi admitted the farmers who surrendered and left the castle to bring back farming equipment, furniture and household goods to their home, but he seized weapons.
Japanese: 秀吉は降伏して城を出た農民に対し、農具や家財などの在所への持ち帰りを認めたが、武器は没収した。
English: There were still some resistance in a part of the Hidaka and Muro Counties, but most of the other places were subdued by the Kamigata army.
Japanese: 日高・牟婁郡の一部では依然抵抗が続いていたが、その他の地域はおおむね上方勢により制圧された。
English: The Kii Province became the territory of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI and he arranged Heisuke KIKKAWA at Kiiminato, Kazunori AOKI at Hidakanyuyama (日高入山), Takatora TODO at Kokawa, Mushin SUGIWAKA at Tanabe and Ujiyoshi HORINOUCHI at Shingu.
Japanese: 紀伊一国は豊臣秀長領となり、秀長は紀伊湊に吉川平介、日高入山に青木一矩、粉河に藤堂高虎、田辺に杉若無心、新宮に堀内氏善を配置した。
English: In addition, he had the Wakayama-jo Castle built by assigning Takatora TODO as bugyo (magistrate) and assigned Shigeharu KUWAYAMA to Jodai (the keeper of castle).
Japanese: また藤堂高虎を奉行として和歌山城を築城し、その城代に桑山重晴を任じた。
English: Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) by Hidenaga began from September 1584 and shifted into full swing after the fall of 1587.
Japanese: 秀長による太閤検地は天正13年閏8月から始まり、翌々年の同15年（1587年）秋以降に本格化する。
English: Since Naoharu YUKAWA began to counter at the end of May, a part of the army for the conquest of the Shikoku region was dispatched to the Kii Province.
Japanese: 4月末、湯河直春は反攻に転じたため、これに対応するため四国征伐軍の一部が割かれ紀伊に差し向けられた。
English: However, it began to attack again at the end of November, and made Mushin SUGIWAKA, Shigeharu KUWAYAMA, Tadayori UTA and others face an uphill battle.
Japanese: だが同月末には再度攻勢に出て、討伐に当たった杉若無心・桑山重晴・宇多頼忠らは苦戦を強いられた。
English: As a result, the Kamigata army could not subvert the Yukawa clan and others, made peace negotiations and approved the main land of the Yukawa clan and others.
Japanese: 結局上方勢は湯河氏らを攻め滅ぼすことはできず、和議を結び湯河氏らの本領を安堵した。
English: While Mitsuharu (Katsuharu), a son of Naoharu, of the Yukawa clan was approved 3,000 koku, the Yamamoto, Kishi, Mera and Sanji Tamaki clans fell.
Japanese: 湯河氏は直春の子光春（勝春）が三千石を安堵された一方で、山本・貴志・目良・山地玉置氏は没落した。
English: Those who surrendered early on such as the Jinbo and Shirakashi clans were approved their territories, but the Wasa Tamaki clan was approved 3,500 koku among all lands which were said to be 10,000 koku.
Japanese: 神保・白樫氏ら早期に降った者は所領を安堵されたが、和佐玉置氏は一万石と伝えられる所領のうち、安堵されたのは三千五百石だった。
English: However, the Irokawa clan and others disliked being ruled by the Horiuchi clan because of the previous relationship and joined the troops under the Todo clan at the time of Japan's Invasion of Korea.
Japanese: が、色川氏などは堀内氏との因縁からその指揮下に入ることを嫌い、朝鮮出兵の際には藤堂氏の指揮下に入った。
English: After Hidenaga died in 1591, Hideyasu TOYOTOMI, his adopted son, succeeded the family but suddenly died in 1595.
Japanese: 天正19年（1591年）に秀長が没すると、養子の豊臣秀保が後を継いだが、文禄4年（1595年）に急死した。
English: After that, the Kii Province became a directly controlled land of Hideyoshi and a local governor Nagamori MASUDA ruled it from the office at Yamatokoriyama.
Japanese: 以降は紀伊は秀吉の直轄地となり、代官増田長盛が大和郡山から支配を行った。
English: Most of the temple and kokujin power in Kii Province were yielded or subverted by this battle, but jizamurai in each place often started riots.
Japanese: この戦いで紀伊の寺社・国人勢力はほぼ屈服・滅亡させられたが、各地の地侍はその後もしばしば蜂起を繰り返した。
English: Although it had been ruled by Shugo in name only, it suddenly became the land of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI and the directly controlled land of Hideyoshi next, and the land survey in the Tensho era and Sword hunt (to confiscate the weapons of the enemies of the new regime in order to secure the position of a new ruler) were implemented.
Japanese: 守護の支配さえ名目に過ぎなかったのがいきなり豊臣秀長領、次いで秀吉直轄領となり、天正検地や刀狩が行われた。
English: Under the next rule of the Asano clan, the land survey in the Keicho era was also implemented, which not only cut jizamurai's fortune but also denied their social status.
Japanese: 次の浅野氏の統治下でも慶長検地が行われ、地侍たちは財産を削られるだけでなく社会的地位まで否定された。
English: In September 1586, a riot broke out in the mountain area from Kumano and Sanjigo (山地郷) of Hidaka County (present Ryujin-mura, Tanabe City) and was suppressed by Heisuke YOSHIKAWA and so on.
Japanese: 天正14年8月、熊野から日高郡山地郷（現田辺市龍神村）にかけての山間部で一揆が起こり、吉川平介らによって鎮圧された。
English: On October 1598, a riot broke out again at Sanjigo of Hidaka County, seizing the opportunity of Hideyoshi's death in the previous month.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）9月、前月の秀吉の死に乗じて再び日高郡山地郷で一揆が起こった。
English: It was suppressed after the oppression where all people were killed by sword irrespective of age or gender by samurai of Hidaka and Muro Counties such as the Horiuchi and Sugiwaka clans under the command of Nagamori MASUDA.
Japanese: 増田長盛の指揮のもと堀内・杉若氏ら日高・牟婁郡の諸将によって老若男女の別なく撫で斬りにするといった弾圧の末に鎮圧された。
English: In December, 1614, jizamurai, yamabushi (a mountain priest) and others at Okukumano started a riot, seizing the opportunity of Osaka Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka), and attacked the Shingu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）12月、大坂冬の陣に乗じて奥熊野の地侍・山伏らが蜂起し、新宮城を攻撃した。
English: The army of the riot was defeated at the Kumano-gawa River and was suppressed in less than 20 days (Kitayama Ikki).
Japanese: 一揆勢は熊野川で敗退し、浅野勢の奥熊野侵攻によって二十日足らずで鎮圧された（北山一揆）。
English: In April of the following year, 1615, jizamurai in Hidaka, Arida and Nagusa Counties rose to riot, targeting the Wakayama-jo Castle from which Nagaakira ASANO left, in accordance with the outbreak of Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), but they were suppressed again.
Japanese: 翌20年（1615年）4月、大坂夏の陣の勃発に伴い、日高・有田・名草郡の地侍が浅野長晟が留守の和歌山城を狙って蜂起したが、再度鎮圧された。
English: Although the area of the attack against Kishu were only the two provinces of Izumi and Kii, there were some important points of dispute which separated the medieval period and recent times in this series of battles.
Japanese: 紀州攻めはその範囲は和泉・紀伊の二カ国にすぎないが、この一連の戦いでは中世と近世とを分けるいくつかの重要な争点が存在した。
English: The temples on Mt. Hiei and Mt. Koya had had the highest status among temples and shrines and their neutrality and inviolability had been respected through the medieval period.
Japanese: 比叡山や高野山は寺社の中でも最高級の格を持ち、その中立性と不可侵性は中世を通じて尊重された。
English: In addition, its independency was supported by the economic and military powers which could reject the intervention of authority.
Japanese: またその独立性は、権力者の介入を退けるだけの経済力と軍事力によって裏打ちされたものであった。
English: Once a person entered the area of the temple, he was not asked anything by the outside world, and the temple accepted anybody.
Japanese: 一度境内に入ってしまえば、外の事情は一切考慮しない、誰でも受け入れる。
English: Therefore, authorities where not allowed to have power in the temple, and such an idea regarding temples and shrines was called 'Muen' by Masatoshi ITO.
Japanese: ゆえに権力者が寺内で権力を振りかざすことも認めない――このような寺社の思想を伊藤正敏は「無縁」と呼ぶ。
English: Nobunaga requested temples and shrines not to accept his enemies, for example, he requested Mt. Hiei to make the Azai and Asakura forces withdraw and Mt. Koya to deliver the remnants of the Araki clan.
Japanese: 比叡山に対する浅井・朝倉軍の退去要求、高野山に対する荒木残党引き渡し要求など、信長は敵方の人間を受け入れないよう寺社に対し要求した。
English: This was equal to the abandonment of independency and neutrality against authority, so that it is natural that the temples and shrines rejected these requests with the idea of 'Muen.'
Japanese: これは権力に対する独立・中立性の放棄であり、寺社側が拒否したのも「無縁」の思想からすれば当然のことである。
English: This led to the fire attack against Mt. Hiei and the attack against Koyasan, and the temple on Mt. Hiei was subverted and the Koyasan Temple survived because of Nobunaga's unnatural death.
Japanese: こうして叡山焼き討ち・高野攻めへとつながり、比叡山は滅び高野山は信長の横死によって命拾いした。
English: After the surrender of Koyasan Temple, Hideyoshi announced that they must not hide rebels and criminals and that they could accept only hermits.
Japanese: 高野山降伏後に秀吉は、謀反人や犯罪者を匿うことを禁止する、受け入れていいのは世捨て人だけだと告げた。
English: This is because the existence of temple and shrine power which rejected the intervention of authority could not be allowed by the centralized administrative framework of recent times in which tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country) grasped and controlled all things.
Japanese: 天下人が全てを掌握し管理する近世中央集権体制にとって、権力の介入をはねのける寺社勢力の存在は許せるものではなかったのである。
English: One was the centralized administrative framework in which an enormously powerful person was at the top such as Nobunaga and Hideyoshi's project to unify the country, what was called 'a vertical control.'
Japanese: 一つは信長・秀吉の天下統一事業に代表される、強大な権力者を頂点とする中央集権体制、いわば「タテの支配」である。
English: Another was the local government framework which eliminated the daimyo's rule such as the Kaga Ikko ikki Revolt and sokoku ikki including Kii Saiga, what was called 'a sideways solidarity.'
Japanese: そしてもう一方に、加賀一向一揆や紀伊雑賀などの惣国一揆を代表とする大名の支配を排した地域自治体制、いわば「ヨコの連帯」があった。