nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The new government assigned Kintada OGIMACHI, Kiminari NISHIYOTSUTSUJI (a Court noble), and Saneomi HIROSAWA (Choshu) as staff officers to the Tosei Dai Sotoku Fu (the Headquarter for the temporary army; this military force was established by the new government to suppress the power of the Tokugawa Edo bakufu army).
Japanese: 東征大総督府参謀には、正親町公董・西四辻公業（公家）・広沢真臣（長州）が任じられた。
English: Hirosawa, who had favored a more lenient treatment policy, resigned his position on February 12th; the replacements for Hirosawa were Takamori SAIGO (Satsuma), and Michiaki HAYASHI (Uwajima), and they were appointed to this office on February 15th.
Japanese: しかし、寛典論の広沢は12日に辞退し、代わって14日強硬派の西郷隆盛（薩摩）と林通顕（宇和島）が補任された。
English: On February 15th, Tosei Dai Sotoku began to relocate the army from Kyoto; his purpose was to reposition the army to the west, and he would reach Sunpu on March 5th.
Japanese: 2月15日、東征大総督は京都を進発して東下を開始し、3月5日には駿府に到着。
English: On February 5th, four hundred infantry soldiers from the Denshutai (army of the Tokugawa shogunate) strategically deserted to the Hachioji region (Later, these troops were to join up with the army of Keisuke OTORI.).
Japanese: 2月5日には伝習隊の歩兵400名が八王子方面に脱走（後に大鳥圭介軍に合流する）。
English: Sakusaemon FURUYA as commander of the infantry gathered together the deserting troops, up to a total of eighteen hundred soldiers to Habu jinya (a regional government office; this place is currently located in Hanyu City, Saitama Prefecture) by the end of the month.
Japanese: これらは歩兵頭古屋作左衛門に統率されて同月末、羽生陣屋（埼玉県羽生市）に1800人が結集した。
English: On March 8th, these deserting troops fighting with 'the expeditionary force to the east' at the Yanada in Shimotsuke Province (The current location is in Yanada-cho, Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture) were defeated (Later, Furuya formed the "Shohotai" unit with Nobuo IMAI, serving in the Tohoku and Hakodate Wars.).
Japanese: 3月8日には下野国簗田（栃木県足利市梁田町）で東征軍と戦って敗れた（古屋はのちに今井信郎らと衝鋒隊を結成し、東北戦争・箱館戦争に従軍する）。
English: Additionally, Isami KONDO and Toshizo HIJIKATA of the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of the Tokugawa shogunate) formed an army unit under the name of "Koyo Chinbutai" and advanced this army on to Koshu-kaido Road.
Japanese: また、新選組の近藤勇・土方歳三らも甲陽鎮撫隊と称して、甲州街道を進撃した。
English: However, the 'Koyo Chinbutai' engaged the 'expeditionary force to the east' earlier at Katsunuma, losing the battle on March 6th; then, 'Koyo Chinbutai' continued to skirmish in one place after another onward toward the Nagareyama District, Shimosa Province (Currently this location is Nagareyama City, Chiba Prefecture).
Japanese: が、3月6日勝沼で東征軍と戦闘して敗れ、下総国流山（千葉県流山市）へ転戦した。
English: Kaishu KATSU, the Rikugun Sosai was cognizant of the spontaneous battles fought by the individually formed army units, and from this tacit understanding he came to support the battles of the individual units.
Japanese: これらの暴発は、陸軍総裁勝海舟の暗黙の承認や支援を得て行われていた。
English: Due in greater part to the smaller numbers of their troops and inferior quality of their equipment, each individual unit fully comprehended these apparent disadvantages, but rallied their forces, nevertheless.
Japanese: いずれも兵数・装備の質から東征軍には全く歯が立たないことを見越したうえで出撃していた。
English: As the seishitsu (legal wife) of the thirteenth Shogun, Iesada TOKUGAWA, Tenshoin (Sumiko KONOE) was the person chiefly responsible for management of affairs inside Edo-jo Castle Ooku (the inner palace of Edo-jo Castle); in addition, she was from Satsuma Province and was the adopted daughter of Nariakira SHIMAZU, so she had connections with Satsuma (the new government side).
Japanese: 13代将軍徳川家定正室として江戸城大奥の総責任者であった天璋院（近衛敬子）は、薩摩国の出身で島津斉彬の養女であった縁がある。
English: Additionally, Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako (Seikanin) was the seishitsu (legal wife) of the fourteenth Shogun, Iemochi TOKUGAWA, and was the aunt of the Emperor Meiji; because she was also once the fiancée of Prince Arisugawanomiya, the Tosei Dai Sotoku, she had connections to the Imperial Court (the new government side).
Japanese: また明治天皇の叔母にあたる14代将軍徳川家茂正室の和宮親子内親王も東征大総督有栖川宮とかつて婚約者であった縁がある。
English: Moreover, the Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen (later, he became Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa) had entered Ueno Kanei-ji Temple, as a monk priest from Kyoto, the previous year.
Japanese: また上野寛永寺には前年に京都から入山した輪王寺宮公現法親王（後の北白川宮能久親王）がいる。
English: Yoshinobu was becoming more desperate, took to clutching at straws, so he requested petitions for the sparing of his life, and the possible continuance of the Tokugawa family's existence; this was sent to the 'expeditionary force to the east' continuously through these significant figures and nobles connections.
Japanese: 藁にもすがる思いの慶喜はこれらの人物を通じて、東征軍に対し助命ならびに徳川家存続の歎願を立て続けに出している。
English: On January 21st, Seikanin no miya added Yoshinobu's petition to her own written petition addressed to Saneakira HASHIMOTO and Saneyana HASHIMOTO, father and son.
Japanese: 正月21日、静寛院は慶喜の歎願書に橋本実麗・橋本実梁父子宛の自筆歎願書を添えた。
English: On February 1st, Saneyana HASHIMOTO, the Spearhead governor of the Tokaido Road, received these petitions while he was at the front in Kuwana (currently, the location is in Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 東海道先鋒総督の橋本実梁は、2月1日に在陣中の桑名（三重県桑名市）でこの書状を受け取る。
English: However, staff officer Takamori SAIGO dismissed the petition instantly without any hesitation, although the petition was from Princess Kazunomiya, Saigo thought after all the petition came from the rebel Yoshinobu.
Japanese: しかし、参謀西郷隆盛はいかに和宮からの歎願であったとしても所詮は賊徒からの申し分であるとして歯牙にもかけなかった。
English: After her appeal for the petition of Seikanin to the Gijo (official post) Nobuatsu NAGATANI and the Sanyo (councilor) Michitomi NAKANOIN, notification of the petition came to Tomomi IWAKURA via Hirofusa MADENOKOJI.
Japanese: 議定長谷信篤・参与中院通富らに静寛院の歎願を訴えた結果、万里小路博房から岩倉具視へも伝わった。
English: She left Kyoto on February 8th, retuned to Edo by February 30th, and reported on her mission to Seikanin.
Japanese: 8日に京都を発った藤子は2月30日に江戸へ戻り、静寛院に復命している。
English: On the other hand, the Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen left Edo on February 21st westward along the Tokaido Road.
Japanese: いっぽう輪王寺宮公現法親王は2月21日、江戸を発って東海道を西に上った。
English: Then, on March 7th, the prince had a meeting with the Dai Sotoku (the commander of the temporary army) Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito, at Sunpu, there he presented two letters to Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito; One, was an apology letter from Yoshinobu, the other one was his own petition for Yoshinobu and the Tokugawa family.
Japanese: 3月7日には駿府で大総督有栖川宮熾仁親王と対面し、慶喜の謝罪状と自身の歎願書を差し出した。
English: However, staff officers Takamori SAIGO and Michiaki HAYASHI severely rebuked the petition, because of the battle with the "Koyo Chinbutai" army unit.
Japanese: が、参謀西郷隆盛・林通顕らがかえって甲陽鎮撫隊による抗戦を厳しく咎めた。
English: Although Tenshoin personally held little empathy for Yoshinobu, due to her lack of a favorable impression of him, she was enthusiastic for the continuance of the Tokugawa family and she wrote a petition addressed to "the commanding officers of Sasshu (Satsuma Domain)."
Japanese: また天璋院は慶喜個人に対してはあまり好感情を持っていなかったが、徳川家存続には熱心であり、「薩州隊長人々」に宛てて歎願書を記した。
English: This envoy returned to Edo-jo Castle on March 13th, apparently the petition letter had no effect on the situation.
Japanese: この使者は13日に帰城しているが、ほとんど影響を与えなかったようである。
English: The end result, although many of the petitions were rejected, was the possibility of directing some psychological impact upon the Dai Sotoku, Prince Arisugawanomiya, and the staff officer, Takamori SAIGO.
Japanese: これらの歎願の多くは結果的には却下されることが多かったが、大総督有栖川宮や参謀西郷隆盛などに何らかの心理的影響を与えた可能性もある。
English: In order to deal with an imminent threat from the 'expeditionary force to the east' as it approached Edo, Yoshinobu selected Tesshu YAMAOKA, the chief of Seieitai (an elite army force on the bakufu side) and a brother in law to Deishu TAKAHASHI; he was guarding Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA as his envoy, while Yoshinobu confined himself in Kanei-ji Temple.
Japanese: 差し迫る東征軍に対し、寛永寺で謹慎中の徳川慶喜を護衛していた高橋泥舟の義弟で精鋭隊頭の山岡鉄舟。
English: Then, on March 9th, Tesshu YAMAOKA was on his way to the Tosei Dai Sotoku Fu which was currently encamped in the Sunpu region.
Japanese: その山岡鉄舟が、3月9日慶喜の意を体して、駿府まで進撃していた東征大総督府に赴くこととなった。
English: Since Yamaoka would not have a chance to meet with Saigo, Yamaoka first visited the residence of Kaishu KATSU, Rikugun Sosai.
Japanese: 山岡は西郷を知らなかったこともあり、まず陸軍総裁勝海舟の邸を訪問する。
English: Although it was the first time that Katsu met Yamaoka, he was greatly impressed with the personality of Yamaoka during their brief encounter, so he was eager to write the letter for Yamaoka addressed to Saigo.
Japanese: 勝は山岡とは初対面であったが、一見してその人物を大いに評価し、進んで西郷への書状を認める。
English: Moreover, Katsu sent Yamaoka out from his residence with an escort guard, Kyunosuke MASUMITSU; he was the feudal retainer of Satsuma but was in protective custody under Katsu's supervision, this was the result of his capture in the incident of the fire attack on the residence of the Satsuma Domain.
Japanese: それとともに、前年の薩摩藩焼き討ち事件の際に捕らわれた後、勝家に保護されていた薩摩藩士益満休之助を護衛につけて送り出した。
English: (Yamaoka and Masumitsu knew each other for long time, they also used to be members of the "Kobi no Kai" which was formed by Hachiro KIYOKAWA, a roshi samurai and also members in the "Sonnojoi Ha" [a political party that was a supporter of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians].)
Japanese: （山岡と益満は、かつて尊王攘夷派の浪士清河八郎が結成した虎尾の会のメンバーであり、旧知であった。）
English: Yamaoka and Masumitsu rushed to visit the Tosei Dai Sotoku Fu at Sunpu, and they entered the Japanese hotel where Takamori SAIGO, the staff officer, was staying and requested that he meet with them.
Japanese: 山岡と益満は駿府の大総督府へ急行し、参謀西郷隆盛の宿泊する旅館に乗り込み、西郷との面談を求めた。
English: Although the 'expeditionary force to the east' already decided to set the date of the general attack on Edo-jo Castle to "March 15th," Saigo was now aware of Yamaoka's status as the envoy from Katsu, so Saigo agreed to meet with Yamaoka.
Japanese: すでに江戸城総攻撃の予定は3月15日と決定していたが、西郷は勝からの使者と聞いて山岡と会談を行った。
English: This was the first time the 'expeditionary force to the east' presented the conditions to avoide an open war against the Tokugawa family.
Japanese: ここで初めて東征軍から徳川家へ開戦回避に向けた条件提示がなされたのである。
English: At this time Saigo presented the seven conditions, should they be met, to suspend and avoid the general attack about to commence on Edo-jo Castle, Yamaoka was to consider the following:
Japanese: このとき江戸城総攻撃の回避条件として西郷から山岡へ提示されたのは以下の7箇条である。
English: Yamaoka insisted that he would never accept article number one, rejected the condition of the article number one and continued an exchange of dialogue with Saigo.
Japanese: しかし、第一条のみは絶対に受けられないとして断固拒否し、西郷と問答が続いた。
English: Finally, Yamaoka questioned Saigo, "As if we could switch our points of view, then please consider that you would be ordered to place Tadayoshi SHIMAZU (the lord of the Satsuma Domain) into the custody of another domain. Would you accept that?"
Japanese: ついには山岡が、もし立場を入れ替えて西郷が島津忠義を他藩に預けろと言われたら承知するかと詰問する。
English: Saigo then understood Yamaoka's point of view and compromised on the conditions, keeping article number one in his hand; so, a compromise was made and article number one was withheld.
Japanese: 西郷も山岡の立場を理解して折れ、第一条は西郷が預かる形で保留となった。
English: Saigo also may have changed his mind because he ascertained that the personnel representing the Tokugawa side were trustworthy persons, such as Ichio OKUBO and Kaishu KATSU.
Japanese: また徳川家側の責任者が信頼に足る大久保一翁・勝らであったためであった。
English: At this time, it appeared that between Saigo and Toshimichi OKUBO were already in agreement; they would not pursue a more severe punishment for Yoshinobu, if they could confirm Yoshinobu's allegiance to the new government, and his action would be complete and definite.
Japanese: そのことなどにより、この頃すでに西郷や大久保利通らの間にも、慶喜の恭順が完全であれば厳罰には及ばないとの合意ができつつあったためと思われる。
English: In fact, the Seven Conditions which Saigo presented to the Yamaoka on that day were comparable to the opinion documents, which Toshimichi OKUBO submitted to the new government the previous month.
Japanese: 実際、この日西郷が山岡に提示した7条件も、前月に大久保利通が新政府に提出した意見書にほぼ添うものであった。
English: Saigo left Sunp on March 11th as if he were pursuing Yamaoka and entered the residence of the Satsuma clan in Edo on March 13th.
Japanese: 西郷も山岡を追うように11日に駿府を発って13日には江戸薩摩藩邸に入った。
English: Before the negotiations with the 'expeditionary force to the east,' Katsu prepared for a scorched-earth strategy; this was preparation in case of an emergency and for a worst case scenario.
Japanese: 勝は東征軍との交渉を前に、いざという時の備えのために焦土作戦を準備していたという。
English: The scorched-earth strategy was in preparation for a worst case scenario such as; the 'expeditionary force to the east' declining to accept a petition by the Tokugawa family, then proceeding with an attack; or, in the event of the 'expeditionary force to the east' only accepting those conditions which would have extended humiliation and other intolerable actions upon the retainers to the Tokugawa family.
Japanese: もし東征軍側が徳川家の歎願を聞き入れずに攻撃に移った場合や、徳川家臣の我慢の限度を越えた屈辱的な内容の条件しか受け入れない場合の作である。
English: If these scenarios were present, then the scorched-earth strategy would have been enacted as follows: the Tokugawa family side would set fire to Edo-jo Castle and all of Edo town; this strategy was to be implemented to impede the enemy's military advance, the method; setting a devastating firestorm upon the Edo community prior to an attack from the 'expeditionary force to the east.'
Japanese: 敵の攻撃を受ける前に、江戸城および江戸の町に放火して敵の進軍を防いで焦土と化す作戦である。
English: The Tokugawa family side seemed to have adapted this scorched-earth strategy from one taken by the Russian Empire to city of Moscow, during the military campaign by Napoleon BONAPARTE in '1812' (Please refer to "the Russian military campaign of 1812.").
Japanese: 1812年にナポレオン・ボナパルトの攻撃を受けたロシア帝国がモスクワで行った作戦（1812年ロシア戦役を参照）を参考にしたという。
English: However, the scorched-earth strategy differed from that of the Russian military campaign of '1812,' the Tokugawa family planned to evacuate, on contracted ships moored in Edo Bay with most of Edo's residents once the firestorm was set.
Japanese: しかし、それとは異なりいったん火災が発生した後はあらかじめ江戸湾に集めておいた雇い船で避難民をできるだけ救出する計画だったという。
English: When Katsu prepared the scorched-earth strategy, he relied on the connections of his friends with in the towns' people of Edo, such as Tatsugoro SHINMON.
Japanese: 勝は焦土作戦を準備するにあたって、新門辰五郎ら市井の友人の伝手を頼った。
English: Katsu made personal visits, calling upon those with influence among the commoners in Edo town; this was to acquire the cooperation of the following groups: The township fire fighter organization, the head Tobishoku (a scaffolding man), the Oyakata (stable master) masters of Bakuto (the race of gamblers), and the heads of the Hinin (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system [often ex-convicts or vagrants]) residences.
Japanese: 町火消組、鳶職の親分、博徒の親方、非人頭の家を自ら回って協力を求めたという。
English: However, although Katsu retold these stories in his later years, Katsu was known to be of the habit of using the unique story telling style of embellishment, so the validity of the story contained an element of uncertainty.
Japanese: これらは後年の勝が語るところであるが、勝は特有の大言癖があるため、どこまでが真実なのかは不明である。
English: Nevertheless, Katsu spoke of his recollection, "When he was going to negotiate with Saigo, he would gain the courage to overpower the enemy, partly because he was very well prepared."
Japanese: しかし、西郷との談判に臨むにあたってこれだけの準備があったからこそ相手を呑む胆力が生じたと回顧している。
English: After preparing for negotiations with Yamaoka, the representatives were gathered at the residence of the Satsuma clan in Edo, located at Tamachi (Minato Ward, Tokyo) to conduct the negotiation for the Surrender of Edo-jo Castle: The highest personnel responsible representing the Tokugawa family side, Ichio OKUBO who was the Kaikei Sosai, Kaishu KATSU who was the Rikugun Sosai, and Takamori SAIGO who was staff officer of the 'expeditionary force to the east.'
Japanese: 山岡の下交渉を受けて、徳川家側の最高責任者である会計総裁・大久保一翁、陸軍総裁・勝海舟と、東征軍参謀・西郷隆盛との江戸開城交渉は、田町（東京都港区(東京都)）の薩摩藩江戸藩邸において行われた。
English: In the creative works by novelist and dramatist, the authors and producers often described the scene in this edited manner; placing only Katsu and Saigo in attendance at the meeting, for dramatic necessity.
Japanese: 小説やドラマなどの創作では演出上、勝と西郷の2人のみが面会したように描かれることが多い。
English: In reality, additional personnel definitely attended the meetings, this would have included: Okubo and Yamaoka from the Tokugawa family side, and Shinpachi MURATA and Toshiaki KIRINO from the 'expeditionary force to the east' side.
Japanese: しかし、実際には徳川家側から大久保や山岡、東征軍側から村田新八・桐野利秋らも同席していたと思われる。
English: Katsu and Saigo knew each other since they met in Osaka in September 1864.
Japanese: 勝と西郷は元治元年（1864年）9月に大坂で面会して以来の旧知の仲であった。
English: Thus, to Saigo, Katsu was also his benefactor through the instruction of Saigo on the planning and establishment of a new government, this done without considering the premise for the continued existence of the bakufu.
Japanese: 西郷にとって勝は、幕府の存在を前提としない新政権の構想を教示された恩人でもあった。
English: After Saigo became familiar with the general representative personnel for the Tokugawa family lead by Katsu and Okubo, Saigo believed the negotiations could result in a compromise on the agreement; so, he was optimistic about the situation.
Japanese: 西郷は徳川家の総責任者が勝と大久保であることを知った後は、交渉によって妥結できるであろうと情勢を楽観視していた。
English: Meanwhile, on March 11th, Taisuke ITAGAKI (Tosa Domain), who was staff officer for the Spearhead governor of the Tosando, reached Hachioji Station.
Japanese: この間、11日には東山道先鋒総督参謀の板垣退助（土佐藩）が八王子駅に到着。
English: Thus, the 'expeditionary force to the east' had nearly completed the encircling net around Edo-jo Castle; the negotiation meetings were conducted within this tense situation.
Japanese: 江戸城の包囲網は完成しつつあり、緊迫した状況下における会談となった。
English: On March 13th, Saigo, who had just arrived to Edo, and Katsu, who had arrived much earlier than Saigo, they were two of the representatives from each party present at the initial negotiation meeting.
Japanese: 江戸に到着したばかりの西郷と、西郷の到着を待望していた勝との間で、3月13日に行われた。
English: During the first negotiation meeting, the content for discussion focused on two main points; the issue regarding the treatment of Princess Kazunomiya, and the conditions for the surrender of Yoshinobu; these concerns of Saigo were presented to Yamaoka prior to the meeting.
Japanese: 第一回交渉では和宮の処遇問題と、以前山岡に提示された慶喜の降伏条件の確認のみとなった。
English: At the second negotiation meeting on March 14, Katsu presented his response for the conditions of surrender, which Katsu and Saigo had considered in their meeting the previous day:
Japanese: 3月14日の第二回交渉では、勝から先般の降伏条件に対する回答が提示された。
English: Katsu had given Saigo these responses to effectively water down the original conditions Saigo previously presented to Yamaoka.
Japanese: これは、以前に山岡に提示された条件に対する全くの骨抜き回答であった。
English: In fact, Katsu answered as if he were rejecting these conditions; Saigo trusted Katsu and Okubo, so Saigo terminated the following day's general attack upon Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 事実上拒否したに等しかったが、西郷は勝・大久保を信頼して、翌日の江戸城総攻撃を中止した。
English: On the same day in the Imperial Court of Kyoto, the Emperor accompanied by his retainers proclaimed in this 'sworn by God' declaration ceremony there before the 'gods of heaven and earth,' presenting 'the Imperial Covenant Consisting of Five Articles.'
Japanese: この日、京都では天皇が諸臣を従えて自ら天神地祇の前で誓う形式で五箇条の御誓文が発布される。
English: Saigo agreed to the disadvantage of those counter conditions, presented in the watered-down response by the Tokugawa side, there for terminating the general attack.
Japanese: 西郷が徳川方の事実上の骨抜き回答という不利な条件を飲み、総攻撃を中止した。
English: A background story, posed the theory that the official British minister, Harry PARKES, applied pressure for the continuance of the Tokugawa family line upon Saigo.
Japanese: その背景には、イギリス公使ハリー・パークスからの徳川家温存の圧力があった。
English: Later, Parkes dispatched the interpreter for the British delegation, Ernest SATOW, to Edo to ascertain the current situation, since Parkes did not have sufficient knowledge on the status of the 'expeditionary force to the east' and of the Tokugawa family.
Japanese: そののち、東征軍および徳川家の情勢が全く不明であったことから、公使館通訳アーネスト・サトウを江戸へ派遣して情勢を探らせる。
English: On the other hand, on March 13th (April 5, 1868 in new calendar), Parkes demanded of the new government the assignment of a governmental representative to Yokohama, then Parkes dispatched the ship HMS Rattler to Osaka.
Japanese: いっぽう、3月13日（1868年4月5日）午後には新政府の代表を横浜へ赴任させるよう要請すべくラットラー号を大阪へ派遣している。
English: Following the arrival of the 'expeditionary force to the east' into Kanto, Seiichirou KINASHI (a feudal retainer of the Choshu clan), a Spearhead staff officer of the 'expeditionary force to the east,' and Kiyoshi WATANABE (a feudal retainer of the Omura clan) proceeded to the British delegation quarters in Yokohama.
Japanese: 東征軍が関東へ入ると、東征軍先鋒参謀木梨精一郎（長州藩士）および渡辺清（大村藩士）は、横浜の英国公使館へ向かった。
English: Once there, the request was made of Parkes for assistance in the treatment of any potential wounded, injured or ill members of the population, and hospitalization arrangements, in the event of a future war.
Japanese: そこで、来るべき戦争で生じる傷病者の手当や、病院の手配などを申し込んだ。
English: However, Parkes brought up the example of Napoléon; in fact, Napoléon was not executed, but exiled to the island of Saint Helena.
Japanese: しかし、パークスはナポレオンさえも処刑されずにセントヘレナ島への流刑に留まった例を持ち出した。
English: Then, Parkes became indignant, declaring it a violation of International law to proceed with an attack against someone such as Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who had chosen not to resist, but had instead demonstrated an allegiance to the new government, and an agreement to be confined in his residence.
Japanese: そして、恭順・謹慎を示している無抵抗の徳川慶喜に対して攻撃することは万国公法に反するとして激昂した。
English: Additionally, Parkes informed the officers of International Law allowing for Yoshinobu's asylum in a foreign nation.
Japanese: またパークスは、徳川慶喜が外国に亡命することも万国公法上は問題ないと話したという。
English: After Saigo was told of Parkes angry reaction, he was greatly shocked, terminating his attack on Edo-jo Castle; therefore the external pressure of Parkes had an obvious effect upon him.
Japanese: このパークスの怒りを伝え聞いた西郷が大きく衝撃を受け、江戸城攻撃中止への外圧となったというものである。
English: However, irrefutable support is lacking on the subject of the influence of Parkes's statements upon Saigo during the negotiations with Katsu.
Japanese: ただしパークスの発言が実際に、勝と交渉中の西郷に影響を与えたかどうかについては不明である。
English: There is not any clearly written documentation placing the time for the meeting, of Parkes and Kinashi.
Japanese: そもそも上記のパークス・木梨の会談が行われたのがいつのことであるかが鮮明ではない。
English: A majority of historians and authors of historical materials have adopted this theory, placing the day of the meeting on March 13th, others adopting the theory of the meeting on March 14th, and some without a date certain.
Japanese: 主に3月13日説をとる史料が多いが、14日説をとるもの、日付を明示していないものもある。
English: Nevertheless, one thing was common to each case; all of the historical material writers described Parkes meeting Kinashi after Parkes had dispatched a warship to Kamigata (Kyoto and vicinity) region.
Japanese: しかし、いずれもパークスが先日上方へ軍艦を派遣した後に面会したと記載されている。
English: Because Parkes dispatched the warship on April 5, 1868, according to the western calendar, it would certainly be March 13 on the old Japanese lunar calendar.
Japanese: パークスによる軍艦派遣は西洋暦4月5日すなわち和暦3月13日であることが確実である。
English: If this is true, Parkes's meeting date was on the same day as the second negotiation of Katsu and Saigo, which continued into the evening.
Japanese: そうなると、前述の3月14日夕刻まで行われた第2回勝・西郷会談と同日になってしまう。
English: So, it is hard to believe Saigo had heard Parkes's statement prior to the negotiations.
Japanese: そのため、事前にパークスの発言が西郷の耳に届いていたとは考えがたい。
English: "The pressure of Parkes" would not have affected Saigo before his meeting with Katsu and Saigo; rather the statements of Parkes were presented to Saigo after the meeting.
Japanese: 「パークスの圧力」は勝・西郷会談の前に西郷へ影響を与えたというよりは、会談後に西郷の下にもたらされたのではないか。
English: Then, Nobutoshi HAGIWARA described Saigo using "The pressure of Parkes" as the justification to substantiate the strategic policy change after Saigo's conversion to belief in a more lenient treatment policy, than that of the hardliners; a one-hundred and eighty degree change.
Japanese: そして、強硬論から寛典論に180度転じた西郷が、同じく強硬派だった板垣や京都の面々にその政策転換を説明する口実として利用したのではないか。
English: In fact, Itagaki furiously opposed the termination of the general attack upon Edo-jo Castle, but he simply accepted this result, after he was made aware of the incidence of the exchange with Parkes.
Japanese: 事実、板垣は総攻撃中止の決定に対して猛反対したが、パークスとのやりとりを聞くとあっさり引き下がっている。