nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Shinsen KITAGATA (1850 - 1905) was a Buddhist monk of Otani School of Shinshu Sect.
Japanese: 北方心泉（きたがたしんせん、嘉永3年（1850年）-明治38年（1905年））は真宗大谷派の僧侶。
English: He was born on June 8, 1850 as a son of the chief priest of Jofuku-ji Temple in Kanazawa City, Kaga Province.
Japanese: 嘉永3年（1850年）4月28日、加賀国の金沢市の常福寺の住職の子として生まれる。
English: In 1877, he became a Higashi Hongan-ji Temple office staff for propagation in China, and he took students along with him and set off to Shanghai in Qing.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）、東本願寺支那布教事務掛となり、留学生を引率して清の上海市に赴く。
English: While he was in Qing he formed friendship with Qing writers such as Kotetsubai, and furthermore, he became influenced in calligraphy by observing ancient writings such as the Kinsekibun (words written on metal or stones).
Japanese: 清に滞在中に胡鉄梅ら清の文人と交流し、また金石文などの古代の文字を見ることで、書に影響を受ける。
English: He visited Qing again in 1899 and he founded Jingling-dongwen-Xuetang in Nanjing City, but he returned to Japan because of the Giwadan War.
Japanese: 明治32年（1899年）、再度渡清し、南京市に金陵東文学堂を設立するが、義和団の乱により帰国。
English: In 1902, he was dismissed from his position as the chief priest and his name was removed from priesthood because he was involved in the reform movement at Higashi Hongan-ji Temple (the punishment of removing his name was later rescinded).
Japanese: 明治35年（1902年）、東本願寺の改革運動に加わったことにより、住職を罷免され僧籍からも除名される（のちに除名処分は取り消される）。
English: Kocho OTANI (October 1, 1903 - April 13, 1993) was a monk in the Jodo Shin (True Pure Land) sect of Buddhism, and he was the 24th Hoshu (high priest) (Monshu (representative priest) later) of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 大谷光暢（おおたにこうちょう　1903年（明治36年）10月1日-1993年（平成5年）4月13日）は、浄土真宗の僧で、東本願寺第24代法主（のちに門首）。
English: He was born on October 1, 1903, as the eldest son of Koen OTANI, the 23rd Hoshu.
Japanese: 1903年（明治36年）10月1日、第23代法主大谷光演の長男として誕生。
English: On May 3, 1924, while he was a student at Otani University he married Satoko OTANI, who was the third daughter of Prince Kuninomiya Kuniyoshi and a younger sister of Empress Kojun.
Japanese: 1924年（大正13年）5月3日、大谷大学在学中に久邇宮邦彦王の三女で香淳皇后の妹にあたる大谷智子と婚姻。
English: In September of 1925, he assumed his position as the 24th Hoshu as a successor to his father, Shonyo, who stepped down in order to take responsibility for financial problems.
Japanese: 1925年（大正14年）9月、財政問題の責を負って退任した、父・彰如の後を受けて第24代法主に就任。
English: In 1947, he formed a choir 'Otani Gakuen' with his wife, Satoko, the urakata (spouse of the current Monshu).
Japanese: 1947年（昭和22年）、妻・智子裏方とともに合唱団「大谷楽苑」を結成する。
English: Triggered by the Kaishin Incident he confronted Naikyoku (intra-ministerial bureau) of Shin Sect Otani School, which was led by the reformist group, regarding issues such as the interpretation of the teaching, the administrative policies of the School and problems of their assets.
Japanese: 開申事件を契機に、教義解釈や宗派運営の方針、財産問題等を巡り、改革派が主導する真宗大谷派内局と対立（お東騒動を参照）。
English: In June of 1981, even though there were more than a few supporters of Shonyo, he lost the dispute to the Naikyoku, and the 'Shuken (constitution) of Shin Sect Otani School (religious laws which are equivalent to constitutions in the School)' was revised, and his position shifted from 'Hoshu', which is the absolute leader of the religious order who succeeds to the traditions originating from Shinran, the founder, to 'Monshu,' who is a symbolic representative of monks and followers of the entire order but does not hold any authority.
Japanese: 1981年6月、彰如を支持する者も少なくなかったが、内局との紛争に敗れ、「真宗大谷派宗憲（宗派の憲法にあたる法規）」が改正され、自身の地位が、宗祖親鸞以来の法統を継承する教団の指導者という絶対的「法主」から、教団全ての僧侶・門徒の代表という実権を持たない象徴的「門首」へと移行された。
English: Even after losing his power as the leader in the order, Shonyo continued to dismiss these movements as acts against the traditions of Hongan-ji Temple, and after he was made Monshu he barely made any public appearances.
Japanese: 教団の主導権を失った後も彰如は、本願寺の伝統に反する行為として、これらの動きを一貫して認めず、門首制以降後は、公式な場に姿を見せることはほとんど無くなる。
English: In 1987, Naikyoku legally dissolved the religious order 'Honganji' and incorporated it into a religious corporation, 'Shinshu Otaniha (Shin Sect Otani School).'
Japanese: 1987年（昭和62年）、内局は、宗教法人「本願寺」を法的に解散し、宗教法人「真宗大谷派」に一体化する。
English: The official name of (the incorporated religious order) 'Honganji (Higashi Honganji)' became 'Shinshu Honbyo.'
Japanese: （宗本一体化）「本願寺（東本願寺）」の正式名称は、「真宗本廟（ほんびょう）」となる。
English: After Sennyo passed away, the Otani School had no Monshu, and Kagiyaku (a key person to a temple's business), Ennei OTANI, served as the acting Monshu.
Japanese: 闡如の没後、大谷派は門首不在となり大谷演慧鍵役が、門首代行を務めた。
English: Satoko OTANI (September 1, 1906 - November 15, 1989) was the wife of Kocho OTANI, the 24th Hoshu (head priest) of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 大谷智子（おおたにさとこ　1906年（明治39年）9月1日-1989年（平成元年）11月15日）は、東本願寺第24世法主・大谷光暢の妻（裏方）。
English: Upon her engagement to Kocho OTANI, the hoshi (successor to an abbacy) to the family of Court Otani Higashi Hongan-ji Temple, she moved to Kyoto, and after graduating from Kyoto Prefectural First Girls' High School, she married into the Otani family on May 3, 1924.
Japanese: そして、東本願寺大谷家（伯爵家）の法嗣（法主後継者）・大谷光暢と婚約したことから京都へ移り、京都府立第一高等女学校を卒業後、1924年（大正13年）5月3日、大谷家に降嫁した。
English: Hoping to offer education for women, based on the spirit of Buddhism, she established Kyoto Koka Women's University in 1939 and was appointed President.
Japanese: 仏教精神に基づく女子教育を願い、1939年（昭和14年）に京都光華女子大学を創設し、総裁に就任。
English: She also served as the chairperson for the Otani Women's Club and the first chairperson for the Japan Buddhist Women's Federation, as well as organizing a chorus group, Otani Gakuen, to spread Buddhist music.
Japanese: さらに、大谷婦人会会長や全日本仏教婦人連盟初代会長を務め、また、合唱グループ「大谷楽苑」を結成し、仏教音楽の普及にも尽力した。
English: Kosho OTANI (April 22, 1817 - January 15, 1894) was a Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect Buddhism) priest and the 21st Hoshu (head priest) of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 大谷光勝（おおたにこうしょう、文化(日本)14年3月7日(旧暦)〈旧暦〉〈1817年4月22日〉-明治27年（1894年）1月15日〈新暦〉）は、浄土真宗の僧で、東本願寺第21代法主。
English: He was born on April 22, 1817 as the second son of the 20th Hoshu, Tatsunyo.
Japanese: 1817年（文化14年）3月7日（旧暦）、第20代法主・達如の次男として誕生。
English: On May 26, 1841, his oldest brother, Kannyo, died and he was appointed Hoshi (successor to the abbacy) on January 21, 1842 and changed his homyo to Gonnyo.
Japanese: 1841年（天保12年）12月10日、長兄・寶如の逝去（同年4月6日）により、法嗣（法主後継者）となり、法名を「厳如（厳密には、嚴如）」と改める。
English: On June 15, 1946, his father, Tatsunyo retired and he succeeded to abbacy as the 21st Hoshu.
Japanese: 1846年（弘化3年）5月22日、父・達如が隠退により、第21代法主を継承する。
English: On January 10, 1849, he married Princess Kaenomiya Tomoko, the 4th princess of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie.
Japanese: 1848年（嘉永元年）12月16日には、伏見宮伏見宮邦家親王の四女・嘉枝宮和子女王を室に迎える。
English: In 1868, entering modern times, in order to dispel the close relationship between Higashi Hongan-ji Temple and the Edo bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) and to improve relations with the new Meiji government, he defined his position as an imperialist.
Japanese: 1868年（明治元年）、近代に入ると、親密であった東本願寺と江戸幕府との関係を払拭し、明治新政府との関係改善を図るため、勤皇の立場を明確にする。
English: To do so, he went on a tour around the Hokuriku and Tokai area requesting donations and presented 10,000 ryo (the currency at the time) and 4,000 bales of rice to the government.
Japanese: そのため、北陸や東海地方へ巡教・勧募し、軍事費1万両・米4千俵を政府に献上する。
English: In 1869, the Hokkaido Development Project was commissioned to him.
Japanese: 1869年（明治2年）、政府の北海道開拓事業を請け負うことを決定する。
English: In 1879, he requested that the Ryodou in Higashi Hongan-ji Temple that burned down in 1823 be restored and announced the start of construction for restoration.
Japanese: 1879年（明治12年）、焼失した東本願寺の両堂宇の再建を発願し、再建工事の着工を表明する。
English: In 1881, under the Religious Corporations Ordinance, the name of the religious sect was changed to Shinshu sect Otani school.
Japanese: 1881年（明治14年）、宗教団体法の規定により宗派名が「真宗大谷派」と定まる。
English: FUJIWARA no Bokushi (also known as Atsuko) (931 - September 6, 1016) was the legal wife of MINAMOTO no Masanobu, Sadaijin (minister of the left) during the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原穆子（ふじわらのぼくし/あつこ、承平(日本)元年（931年）－長和5年7月26日(旧暦)（1016年8月31日））は、平安時代の左大臣・源雅信の正室。
English: She was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Asatada who served as Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), and the mother of MINAMOTO no Tokimichi, MINAMOTO no Tokinobu, MINAMOTO no Rinshi who was the legal wife of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and another daughter who was the legal wife of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna.
Japanese: 中納言藤原朝忠の娘で、藤原道長正室である源倫子や源時通、源時叙、藤原道綱正室の母となった。
English: When FUJIWARA no Michinaga proposed to MINAMOTO no Rinshi, Bokushi's husband Masanobu was planning to make Rinshi the Empress of Emperor Ichijo and tried to refuse the proposal, but Bokushi was against her husband because of the big age gap between Rinshi and the Emperor, and let Michinaga marry into her family as her son-in-law.
Japanese: 藤原道長が源倫子に求婚した折に夫の雅信は倫子を一条天皇の妃にしようと画策しており、これを断ろうとしたが、穆子が倫子と天皇とでは年齢的に不釣合いであるとしてこれに反対し、道長を婿に迎え入れさせた。
English: After her husband's death Bokushi became a nun and was called 'Ichijo no ama' (nun of Ichijo).
Japanese: 夫の死後、出家したため、「一条尼（いちじょうのあま）」と呼ばれるようになる。
English: Later, glorious events such as Michinaga's promotion and her granddaughter FUJIWARA no Shoshi's judai (an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court) followed, and Bokushi's Shichi-ju san no shuho(Rituals of exorcism or removing evil influences at 70 years old) was held on a large scale by Michinaga and Rinshi in 1001.
Japanese: その後、道長の昇進、孫娘の藤原彰子の入内などが続き、長保3年（1001年）の穆子の七十算の修法（70歳を祝う加持祈祷）は、道長夫妻の主催によって大規模に行われた。
English: In 1016 soon after her great-grandson was enthroned to become Emperor Goichijo, she became seriously ill, and despite the care from Michinaga and Rinshi, she died of an illness in August of the same year at the age of 86.
Japanese: 長和元年（1016年）、曾孫に当たる後一条天皇が即位するが、間もなく病状が悪化し、道長夫妻も看病にあたったものの、同年7月に86歳で病死した。
English: FUJIWARA no Takafusa (1148 - 1209) was a kugyo (high-ranking court official) who lived from the end of the Heian period to the early years of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 藤原隆房（ふじわらのたかふさ、久安4年(1148年)-承元3年(1209年)）は平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期にかけての公卿。
English: Afterward, he experienced various posts such as kokushi (provincial governors) of Kaga Province and Inaba Province, Sayu no chujo (middle captains of the left and right palace guards), and Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), and was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1184.
Japanese: 以後加賀国、因幡国の国司や左右の中将、蔵人頭などを歴任し、元暦元年(1184年)に従三位に叙せられる。
English: In 1189 he was appointed as Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state), and was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) Shonii (Senior Second Rank) in 1199, and reached Gon Dainagon in 1204.
Japanese: 文治5年(1189年)に権中納言、正治元年(1199年)に中納言、正二位、元久元年(1204年)には権大納言に至る。
English: Because his legal wife was a daughter of TAIRA no Kiyomori, he was close to the Taira clan, and was said to patronize Kenreimonin even after the decline of the Taira clan.
Japanese: 平清盛の娘を正室とした関係から平家一門と親しく、平家没落の後にも建礼門院を庇護したとされる。
English: On the other hand, he was famous as a favorite retainer of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, and maintained strong political influence in spite of the downfall of the Taira family.
Japanese: その一方で後白河法皇の寵臣としても名高く、平家の衰退と関わりなく政治上の発言権を保ち続けた。
English: He not only knew very well how to survive in the political world but was also recognized as an excellent poet; his poems were selected for "Senzaishu" (Collection of a Thousand Years) and recently he is mentioned as a possible writer of "Roei hyakushu" (literally, one hundred of poems for recitation).
Japanese: 政界遊泳に長けていたばかりでなく、歌人としても存在感を発揮し、『千載集』に入選している他、近年では『朗詠百首』の作者にも擬せられている。
English: His diary was called "Angen onga no nikki" (the record of the ceremony celebrating Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's 50th birthday) and his love story with Kogo in "Heike monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike) was well known.
Japanese: 日記としては『安元御賀日記』を書き遺しており、また『平家物語』における小督との恋愛譚もよく知られている。
English: FUJIWARA no Takako (also known as FUJIWARA no Sonshi) (984 - January 25, 1023) was the first daughter of FUJIWARA no Michikane.
Japanese: 藤原尊子（ふじわらのたかこ（そんし）、永観2年（984年）-治安(日本)2年12月25日(旧暦)（1023年1月19日））は、藤原道兼の長女。
English: She was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) in February, 1001, Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) in January, 1004, Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) on February 27, 1005, Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) on March 2 of the same year, and Junii (Junior Second Rank) in January, 1010.
Japanese: 長保3年（1001年）1月に従四位下、長保6年（1004年）1月に従四位上、寛弘2年（1005年）1月10日(旧暦)に従三位、同年1月13日(旧暦)に正三位、寛弘7年（1010年）1月に従二位に昇進。
English: After Emperor Ichijo died in 1011, she married a Sangi (councilor) FUJIWARA no Michito on November 23, 1015.
Japanese: 寛弘8年（1011年）に一条天皇が没し、長和4年（1015年）10月3日(旧暦)に参議の藤原通任へ嫁いだ。
English: FUJIWARA no Takako (1003? - August 13, 1087?) was the fifth daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga.
Japanese: 藤原尊子（ふじわらのたかこ、長保5年（1003年）？-応徳4年7月7日_(旧暦)（1087年8月7日）？）は、藤原道長の五女。
English: Her children were MINAMOTO no Toshifusa, MINAMOTO no Akifusa, Ninkaku, MINAMOTO no Reishi (FUJIWARA no Morozane's legal wife), MINAMOTO no Genshi (FUJIWARA no Michifusa's legal wife), and MINAMOTO no Sumiko.
Japanese: 子に源俊房・源顕房・仁覚・源麗子（藤原師実正室）・源げん子（藤原通房正室）・源澄子らがいる。
English: Note that her first name was mentioned in "Mido Kanpakuki" (FUJIWARA no Michinaga's diary) written by her father Michinaga or in "Shoyuki" (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) written by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke, and it is believed that she changed her name when she married since her first name was the same as the name of MINAMOTO no Takahime (Imperial Prince Tomohira's daughter) who was the older sister of her husband and also the legal wife of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi who was her older brother born to a different mother.
Japanese: なお、初名については父・道長の『御堂関白記』や藤原実資の『小右記』に記されており、婚姻時に夫の姉で尊子の異母兄藤原頼通の正室でもあった源隆姫（具平親王皇女）の名前と重なるために改名したと考えられている。
English: She attended to the Chakko no gi (the ceremony of hakamagi (first clothing)) with her younger brother FUJIWARA no Nagaie on May 22, 1007, and was appointed to Jushiinoge on October 29, 1013.
Japanese: 寛弘4年（1007年）4月27日_(旧暦)に弟の藤原長家とともに着袴の儀式を行い、長和2年（1013年）9月16日(旧暦)に従四位下を叙される。
English: On May 30, 1017, Chakumo no gi (a girls ceremony to put on 'mo' (a sort of skirt) for the first time) was held for her at the same time as the Genpuku ceremony (ceremony of attaining manhood) was held for Nagaie.
Japanese: 寛仁元年（1017年）4月26日(旧暦)に長家の元服に合わせて着裳の儀式を行った。
English: On May 13, 1024, she married MINAMOTO no Morofusa, who was at the time the Ukone no Gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) and also was the adopted son of Yorimichi.
Japanese: 万寿元年（1024年）3月27日(旧暦)、当時右近衛権中将であった頼通の猶子源師房と結婚した。
English: Although she was a former Imperial family member, there was only Takako among Michinaga's daughters who married a 'Tadabito' (non imperial family or non kugyo (the top court officials)).
Japanese: 元皇族であるとは言え、道長の娘で「たゞ人」（非皇族・非公卿）と婚姻を結んだのは尊子だけであった。
English: According to "Okagami" (The Great Mirror) and "Eiga monogatari" (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes), her older brothers born from the same mother, FUJIWARA no Yorimune and FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu, were greatly dissatisfied with her conduct.
Japanese: 『大鏡』・『栄花物語』によればこれに尊子の同母兄である藤原頼宗や藤原能信は強い不満を抱いたとされている。
English: However, it was true that there were no Imperial family members or Kugyo who were single and also suitable for being a husband of Michinaga's daughter, and also, Morofusa was a 'grandson in law' of Michinaga and Michinaga was fond of him; therefore, to Michinaga, marrying his daughter off to Morofusa meant marrying her off to someone within his own family.
Japanese: だが、当時の皇族・公卿の中に道長の娘婿に相応しい未婚の適齢者がいなかったのは事実であり、また道長にとって師房は「義理の孫」にあたり、これを可愛がっていたことから道長にとっては身内に嫁がせるのと全く同じであったのである。
English: Also, for the Michinaga family who fought against Kugyo of other Fujiwara clans and monopolized the positions of Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor), this marriage meant establishment of a necessary collaborative relationship with Kugyo of the Murakami-Genji (the Minamoto clan) who were not in a position to fight against these Fujiwara clans over the Sessho and Kanpaku positions.
Japanese: またこれは他の藤原氏の公卿と争って摂関の独占を果たした道長一門にとっては藤原氏と摂関の地位を争う立場にはない村上源氏の公卿との連携は不可欠であったという側面もあった。
English: In fact, the legal wives of Michifusa (who died young) and Morozane (Kanpaku), who were designated as successors of Yorimichi, were both daughters of Morofusa and Takako, and these two families repeatedly established marital relationships to finally take control of the court government.
Japanese: 事実、頼通の後継者とされていた通房（早世）・師実（関白）の正室はともに師房・尊子夫妻の娘であり、以後両家は婚姻を重ねながら、宮廷政治を動かすようになっていく。
English: Morofusa and Takako maintained a good husband-wife relationship for over 50 years, and also, their two sons were appointed to Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and Udaijin (Minister of the Right) after Morofusa's death; therefore, they had a happier married life than any of Michinaga's daughters who were less fortunate due to their own or their husband's deaths.
Japanese: また、夫婦関係は半世紀以上にわたって良好であり、夫の死後も二人の息子が揃って左大臣・右大臣に並び立つなど、自身または夫の死によって決して幸福とは言い難かった他の道長の娘の結婚生活と比較をすれば、幸福なものであったと言えるだろう。
English: In 1077, she became a nun because of her husband's death and her own illness, and it is believed that she died 10 years later; however, her whereabouts in her last years are unknown.
Japanese: 承保4年（1077年）夫の死と自らの病気によって出家、10年後に没したといわれているが、晩年の動向は不詳である。
English: FUJIWARA no Tadanushi (760 - November 2, 817) was a government official who lived during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原縄主（ふじわらのただぬし、天平宝字4年（760年）-弘仁8年9月16日(旧暦)（817年10月29日））は、平安時代前期の官僚。
English: After being appointed to Konoe no shosho (Minor Captain of the Palace Guards) of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in 783, he was appointed to Chue no shosho (Minor Captain of the Imperial Guard), Shonagon (lesser councilor of state), Shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices), and Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), and finally, he was appointed to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 806 and Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) in 812.
Japanese: 783年（延暦2年）従五位下近衛少将に任じられた後、中衛少将・少納言・式部大輔・左京大夫・大宰帥などを歴任し、806年（大同(日本)元年）に従三位、812年（弘仁3年）中納言にいたった。
English: FUJIWARA no Iefusa (1167 - August 24, 1196) was a kugyo (top court official) and a kajin poet who lived from the end of the Heian period through the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 藤原家房（ふじわらのいえふさ、仁安(日本)2年（1167年）-建久7年7月22日_(旧暦)（1196年8月17日））は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけての公卿・歌人。
English: After he was appointed to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) in 1182, he assumed the position of Jiju (Chamberlain) and Sakonoe no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Palace Guards), and finally was appointed to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) on March 11, 1187.
Japanese: 寿永元年（1182年）に従五位上に叙され、侍従・左近衛中将などを歴任して文治3年1月23日_(旧暦)（1187年3月4日）に従三位に叙される。
English: He was promoted to Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) of Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 1195, but he died young at the age of 30 in the following year.
Japanese: 建久6年（1195年）に従二位権中納言に昇進したが、翌年に30歳の若さで没した。
English: He was an excellent poet of both waka (Japanese poems) and kanshi (Chinese poems), and along with his close friend, Yoshitsune KUJO, he played a central role in the literacy circle of the Kujo family.
Japanese: 和歌・漢詩に優れ、盟友である九条良経とともに九条家の文芸集団の中心にあった。
English: Although he only created a few poems as he died young, his poems were still selected and included in the "Shin Kokin Waka Shu" (New Collection of Ancients and Modern Poems) and "Shinshoku Kokin Wakashu" (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry Continued), which were Chokusen wakashu (Waka poems selected by the emperor).
Japanese: 早世のため遺された作品は少ないが、勅撰和歌集においては、『新古今和歌集』と『新続古今和歌集』に採録されている。
English: He was born in Yamashiro-Yodo in 1632 as the second son of Sadatsuna MATSUDAIRA, who was the keeper of Yodo-jo Castle in Yamashiro Province.
Japanese: 寛永9年（1632年）、山城国淀城代であった（のちに桑名藩主）松平定綱の次男として山城淀で生まれる。
English: He was known for his intelligence from a young age, and when there was a great flood near the Kuwana-jo Castle, he went on the boat himself to save the people of his domain.
Japanese: 幼少時から聡明で知られ、慶安3年（1650年）に桑名城下で大洪水が起こったときには、自ら船に乗って領民の救助に務めている。
English: When his father passed away on February 4, 1652, he took over as the head of the family and became the 4th lord of the domain on April 1, 1652.
Japanese: 慶安4年（1651年）12月25日に父が死去したため、慶安5年（1652年）2月23日に家督を継いで第4代藩主となる。
English: However, though much was expected of him, he did not have much time for the duties of the domain because he was born with poor health, and he went to Arima Onsen often to recuperate.
Japanese: しかし将来を期待されていながら、生来から病弱だったためにまともに藩政を執ることはほとんどできず、療養のために有馬温泉に赴くことが多かった。
English: He fell ill and passed away in Kyoto on July 18, 1657, on the way back to his province from Arima Onsen.
Japanese: 明暦3年（1657年）7月18日、有馬温泉から帰国中に病に倒れ、京都で死去。
English: Throughout his life he did not take a lawful wife, but it is said that that was because he had fallen in love with a merchant's daughter.
Japanese: また、正室を迎えることが生涯を通じてなかったが、それは町家の娘と恋に堕ちていたためともいわれる。
English: Choken OTANI (March 27, 1930 -) is a Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect Buddhism) priest and the 25th chief priest of the Otani school, Shinshu sect.
Japanese: 大谷暢顕（おおたにちょうけん　1930年（昭和5年）3月27日-）は、浄土真宗の僧で、真宗大谷派第25代門首。
English: In 1966, he entered Buddhist priesthood, using the ingo Jishinin and homyo Senjo (闡淨), and was appointed the Kagiyaku (a key person in temple business) for Shinshu Honbyo (another name for Higashi Hongan-ji Temple).
Japanese: 1966年（昭和41年）に得度し、院号を慈心院、法名を闡淨と名乗り、真宗本廟の鍵役に就任。
English: There was a time when he worked as an electronics technician at a company in Tokyo.
Japanese: また、東京でエレクトロニクスの技術者として、会社勤務をしていた時期もある。
English: On January 31, 1996, his second oldest brother, Chojun OTANI who was the director of the Honganji Foundation, seceded from the Otani school, because of discord with its Naikyoku (intra-ministerial bureau), along with his oldest son, Narishige OTANI, who was the chief priest at the time (A time known as Ohigashi-sodo Strife).
Japanese: 1996年（平成8年）1月31日、次兄で財団法人本願寺維持財団理事長の大谷暢順が、真宗大谷派内局との確執（「お東騒動」）から、暢順の長男で当時の門首であった大谷業成らとともに真宗大谷派から離脱。
English: It was decided that since Narishige did not have formal succession ceremony, he would not be counted as a successor, and Choken succeeded as the 25th chief priest, after his father, Kocho, and used Homyo Jonyo.
Japanese: そして、正式に門首継承式を行っていなかった業成を御歴代に数えないことが決められ、同年7月31日、父・光暢の後継という形で第25代門首を継承し、法名を淨如と名乗った。
English: FUJIWARA no Moriko (? - October 18, 943) was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Tsunekuni (the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan), who served as Musashi no kuni Kokushi (the governor of Musashi Province).
Japanese: 藤原盛子（ふじわらのもりこ、?-天慶6年9月12日_(旧暦)（943年10月18日））は、武蔵国国司藤原経邦（藤原南家）の娘。
English: In 923, Morosuke received his first appointment to a post at age 16; in the following year, Moriko gave birth to the eldest son and heir FUJIWARA no Koretada.
Japanese: 師輔が延長(元号)元年（923年）に16歳で初めて叙任を受け、翌年に早くも盛子が嫡男藤原伊尹を生んでいる。
English: She later gave birth to FUJIWARA no Kanemichi, FUJIWARA no Kaneie, FUJIWARA no Tadakimi, FUJIWARA no Anshi (Empress of Emperor Murakami, the mother of Emperor Reizei and Emperor Enyu), FUJIWARA no Toshi (the consort of Emperor Murakami, later serving as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants)) and FUJIWARA no Fushi (Emperor Reizei's nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)).
Japanese: 後に藤原兼通・藤原兼家・藤原忠君・藤原安子（村上天皇皇后、冷泉天皇・円融天皇両天皇の母）・藤原登子（村上天皇後宮、のち内侍司）・藤原怤子（冷泉天皇女御）を産む。
English: Her name appeared in "Sonpi Bunmyaku" (Bloodlines of Noble and Base), however, she does not appear in reliable historical materials such as "Mido Kanpakuki" (diary of FUJIWARA no Michinaga).
Japanese: 『尊卑分脈』にその名が見られるが、『御堂関白記』などの信頼性の高い史料には登場しない。
English: Kosho OTANI (March 9, 1925 - December 24, 1999) was a Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect Buddhism) priest and the 25th Hoshu (high priest) of the Higashi Hongan-ji school.
Japanese: 大谷光紹（おおたにこうしょう　1925年（大正14年）3月9日-1999年（平成11年）12月24日）は、浄土真宗の僧で、浄土真宗東本願寺派第25世法主。
English: He was born March 9, 1925 as the first son to Kocho OTANI, the 24th Hoshu of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple (later the 24th Monshu (chief priest)).
Japanese: 1925年（大正14年）3月9日、東本願寺第24代法主（のちに第24代門首）大谷光暢の長男として誕生。
English: He went to the United States in 1950 and studied religious philosophy at Harvard and Columbia University.
Japanese: 1950年（昭和25年）、渡米しハーバード大学やコロンビア大学等に留学し、宗教哲学を専攻する。