nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After the Meiji Restoration was accomplished, Hijikata served for the new government, and in 1868, he was appointed as Tokyo-fu (Tokyo government office) Hanji (judge), and then Chinsho-fu (pacification commander government office) Benji (official).
Japanese: 明治維新成った後は新政府に仕え、明治元年（1868年）には東京府判事、ついで鎮将府弁事に任命される。
English: Since then, he had held successively various posts such as Kunai shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Sovereign's Household), Naimu taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Interior), Dajokan (Grand Council of state) Naikaku Shokikan (Secretary of the Cabinet), Jiho (Assistant and Instructor of the Emperor), Kyuchu Komonkan (Imperial Court Councilor), Genroin Gikan (Councilor of Chamber of Elders or Senate), and so on.
Japanese: その後、宮内少輔、内務大輔、太政官内閣書記官長、侍補、宮中顧問官、元老院議官などを歴任。
English: His career included a lot of jobs relating to the Imperial Court, and he advocated the expansion of Emperor's power (the direct rule by the Emperor) together with Nagazane MOTODA, Takayuki SASAKI and others, so that they were regarded as the conservatives in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 宮中職の履歴が多く、元田永孚や佐々木高行らとともに皇権伸張（天皇親政）を主唱し、宮中保守派と目せられた。
English: In 1885, when the cabinet system was inaugurated, he joined the Cabinet as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce of the First Ito Cabinet.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）の内閣制度発足に際しては第1次伊藤内閣の農商務大臣として入閣。
English: In 1888, he was appointed as Sumitsu komonkan (Privy Councilor) who would argue about the draft of the constitution in Sumitsu-in (Privy Council) founded to consider the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, and disputed as Chusei-ha (the sect aiming at the direct rule by the Emperor) against Hirobumi ITO and others who attempted to restrict the monarch's power in order to establish the constitutional monarchy.
Japanese: 明治21年（1888年）には大日本帝国憲法審議のために設けられた枢密院(日本)で憲法草案を議する枢密顧問官に任命され、中正派（天皇親政派）として立憲君主制確立のため君権を制限しようとする伊藤博文らと論争した。
English: After the establishment of the constitution, he managed the affairs of state as Minister of the Imperial Households who were responsible to support Emperor Meiji on various occasions, such as the ceremonial of investiture of the Crown Prince for Imperial Prince Yoshihito (later Emperor Taisho) in 1889, the inauguration of the Imperial Diet in the next year, the Sino-Japanese War which broke out in 1894, and so on.
Japanese: 憲法制定後は、明治22年（1889年）の嘉仁親王（のちの大正天皇）立太子式、翌年の帝国議会発足、明治27年（1894年）からの日清戦争などに際し、明治天皇を支える宮内大臣として取り仕切った。
English: In his later years, after Hijikata held the positions such as the Acting Director General of Imperial Household System Researchers and the Chief of the Research Institute for Shinto sect, he was engaged in the jobs related to education.
Japanese: 晩年は帝室制度取調係総裁心得、皇典講究所長などを経た後、教育関連の仕事に従事。
English: He made every effort to edify the public by delivering the lecture on sacred virtue, and served as the president of Kokugakuin University, the principal of Tokyo Jogakukan School, and so on.
Japanese: 聖徳講話などを行い国民の教化に尽力し、國學院大學長、東京女学館長などを務めた。
English: And after Emperor Meiji demised and the Taisho era began, he held the post of the Provisional Director General of Imperial Household Editorial Bureau and made possible effort to compile "Meiji Tenno Ki" (Chronicle of Emperor Meiji).
Japanese: また、明治天皇が崩御し、大正の世となると、臨時帝室編修局総裁の職に就き『明治天皇紀』の編纂に尽力した。
English: He wrote and left "Kaiten Jikki" (Volume 7 of New Edition "Bakumatsu Ishin Shiryo Sosho" [a series of historical materials of the end of the Edo period and the Meiji Restoration] published by Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha Co., Ltd. in 1969).
Japanese: 『回天実記』　新版＜幕末維新史料叢書７＞（新人物往来社　1969年）が遺されている。
English: Tamaki MIURA (February 22, 1884 in Tokyo-fu [Tokyo Prefecture] - May 26, 1946) was an opera singer who was probably the first to gain the international reputation in Japan.
Japanese: 三浦環（みうらたまき、1884年（明治17年）2月22日東京府-1946年（昭和21年）5月26日）は、おそらく日本で初めて国際的な名声をつかんだオペラ歌手。
English: She was famous internationally because she was identified with 'Cho-Cho-San' (蝶々さん) in Giacomo Puccini's "Madama Butterfly" (蝶々夫人) which was her favorite and forte.
Japanese: 十八番であった、ジャコモ・プッチーニの『蝶々夫人』の「蝶々さん」と重ね合わされて、国際的に有名だった。
English: Her original name was Tamaki SHIBATA, and then Tamaki FUJII.
Japanese: 元の名は柴田環（しばたたまき）、次いで藤井環（ふじいたまき）といった。
English: She was born to a notary public Takeho SHIBATA as her father and Toha NAGATA as her mother at Shiba (Minato Ward, Tokyo).
Japanese: 芝(東京都港区)で、公証人の柴田猛甫を父に、永田登波を母に生まれる。
English: In1903, she appeared in the first opera performance in Japan (she played the role of Euridice in "Orfeo ed Euridice.")
Japanese: 1903年に日本人による最初のオペラ上演に出演する（『オルフェオとエウリディーチェ』のエウリディーチェ役）。
English: In 1911, she became a member of the Teikoku-gekijo Theater (the Imperial Garden Theater), and from the next year she went on being active as the prima donna.
Japanese: 1911年に帝国劇場に所属し、翌年よりプリマドンナとして活躍を続ける。
English: In 1913, she got married to Seitaro MIURA who had been adopted into the Shibata family and was a doctor, and then, she and her husband went to Germany to study in 1914.
Japanese: 1913年に柴田家の養子で医師の三浦政太郎と結婚した後、夫とともに1914年にドイツに留学する。
English: As a result of the success of her debut in England in 1915, she moved to America in 1916, and she performed the role of Cho-Cho-San in Boston for the first time.
Japanese: 1915年の英国デビューの成功を受けて1916年に渡米し、ボストンで初めて蝶々さんを演じる。
English: Thanks to the favorable criticisms, she was subsequently able to perform "Madama Butterfly" and "Iris" (an opera) composed by Pietro Mascagni in New York, San Francisco, and Chicago (Tamaki MIURA was the first Japanese singer that was received to the Metropolitan Opera House.)
Japanese: 好意的な批評によって、その後『蝶々夫人』やピエトロ・マスカーニの『イリス(オペラ)』をニューヨークやサンフランシスコ、シカゴで演ずることができた（三浦環はメトロポリタン歌劇場に迎えられた最初の日本人歌手である）。
English: Then she returned to Europe, and performed with the Thomas Beecham Opera Company in London
Japanese: その後ヨーロッパに戻りロンドンでトマス・ビーチャム歌劇団と共演した。
English: In 1918, she went back to the United States of America, and performed "Madama Butterfly" and "Madame Chrysantheme" (お菊さん) composed by Andre Messager, but the latter got a bad reputation because it was considered as only a rehash of 'Cho-Cho-San'.
Japanese: 1918年にアメリカ合衆国に戻り、『蝶々夫人』とアンドレ・メサジェの『お菊さん』を上演するが、後者は「蝶々さん」の焼き直しに過ぎないとして不評であった。
English: In 1920, she made a guest appearance at the opera houses in Monte Carlo, Barcelona, Florence, Rome, Milan, and Naples.
Japanese: 1920年にモンテカルロ、バルセロナ、フィレンツェ、ローマ、ミラノ、ナポリの歌劇場に客演する。
English: In 1922, after she came back to Japan, she stayed in Nagasaki City and walked around to visit the places associated with "Madama Butterfly", and gave concerts.
Japanese: 1922年に帰国すると長崎市に留まり、『蝶々夫人』とゆかりの土地を訪ね歩き、演奏会を開いた。
English: The bronze statue representing the figure of Tamaki MIURA playing the role of Cho-Cho-San is erected along with the bronze statue of Puccini in the Glover Garden in Nagasaki City.
Japanese: 三浦環が蝶々さんに扮した姿の銅像は、プッチーニの銅像とともに長崎市のグラバー園に建っている。
English: In 1925, she went to Chicago and gave the first performance of "Namiko-san" (浪子さん) presented by Aldo Franchetti.
Japanese: 1925年にシカゴに行き、アルド・フランケッティから献呈された『浪子さん』を初演する。
English: After that, she continued to make activities as a singer in Italy, and in 1935, she achieved the record of 2000 appearances in "Madama Butterfly" in Palermo.
Japanese: その後はイタリアで歌手活動を続け、1935年にはパレルモで『蝶々夫人』出演2000回の記録を達成した。
English: In 1936, she came back to Japan at last, and she was engaged in performing "Madama Butterfly" at Kabuki-za Theater, but after the musical activities were banned because World War II broke out soon, she moved with her mother to the neighborhood of Lake Yamanaka, where she spent the rest of her life calmly away from the fires of war.
Japanese: 1936年についに帰国し、歌舞伎座で『蝶々夫人』の上演に取り組んだが、やがて第二次世界大戦の勃発により音楽活動を禁じられると、山中湖に母親を連れて移住し、その地で戦火を逃れて静かな余生を送った。
English: As the composer himself praised very highly, 'Cho-Cho-San' was the role for which she gained a reputation, and she was regarded highly for her orthodox and exemplary performance.
Japanese: 作曲者自身から激賞されたように「蝶々さん」が当たり役であり、その正統的で模範的な演技で評価された。
English: It is said that she was able to gain the success by means of her beautiful and natural carriage, which she might have mastered partly because she learned Classical Japanese dance in her girlhood.
Japanese: 少女時代に日舞を学んでいたこともあり、美しく自然な所作によって成功を掴むことができたといわれている。
English: Thanks to her fame, she had great opportunities to perform with the star artists like Enrico Caruso and Jan Paderewski.
Japanese: その名声ゆえに、エンリコ・カルーソーやヤン・パデレフスキといったスター芸術家とも共演する機会に恵まれた。
English: About the quality of her voice, various opinions have been handed down, such as 'her voice had something feeble and unreliable' and 'her voice was rather weak in loudness.'
Japanese: 声質は様々に言い伝えられており、「どこかか細く頼りなかった」とするものや、「どちらかといえば声量は少なかったが透明感があった」とするものがある。
English: Besides, in her own book "'Enka' no Susume" (Recommendation of 'Japanese ballad'), a vocal musician Yumi AIKAWA says 'any of the pronunciation of the lyrics, the vocalization, the musical interval, the rhythm, and so on is never praiseworthy' as an evaluation after she listened to the records of MIURA's performance, and presents a question as to 'the legend that Tamaki MIURA was a prima donna of the world' which many Japanese have cherished.
Japanese: また声楽家の藍川由美は自著『「演歌」のススメ』の中でレコード録音された三浦の演奏を聴いて「歌詞の発音や発声法、音程、リズムなど、どれをとってもけっして褒められたものではない」と評し、日本人のなかにある「三浦環世界のプリマ伝説」に対し疑問を呈している。
English: OTOMO no SAKANOUE no Oiratsume (date of birth and death unknown) was the first daughter of OTOMO no Sukunamaro and OTOMO no Sakanoue no Iratsume, and her younger sister was SAKANOUE no Otoiratsume.
Japanese: 坂上大嬢（おおとものさかのうえのおおいらつめ、生没年不詳）は大伴宿奈麻呂と大伴坂上郎女の長女で、妹に坂上二嬢がいる。
English: There were some poems exchanged between her and Yakamochi from around 732 but they later separated.
Japanese: 天平4年（732年）頃から家持との間に歌の贈答が見られるが、その後離絶。
English: They reunited in around 739 and she is said to have become the legal wife of Yakamochi around the time when the capital was held in the Kuni-kyo (740 - 744).
Japanese: 天平11年（739年）頃から再び交渉を持ち、恭仁京に都があった頃（天平12年（740年）-16年（744年））、家持の正妻になったかと思われる。
English: SAKANOUE no Otoiratsume (dates of birth and death unknown) was the second daughter of OTOMO no Sukunamaro and OTOMO no Sakanoue no Iratsume.
Japanese: 大伴坂上二嬢（さかのうえのおといらつめ、生没年不詳）は、大伴宿奈麻呂と大伴坂上郎女の間の次女。
English: Masakatsu ANDO (1843 - 1867) was a supporter of a noble cause who lived in the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 安藤正勝（あんどうまさかつ、天保14年（1843年）-慶応3年（1867年））は、江戸時代末期の幕末志士。
English: Although his origin is unknown, he became one of the top loyal advocates in the Domain as a result of having contacts with many loyal supporters of the Emperor.
Japanese: 出自は不明だが、多くの勤王志士たちと接触を持った挙句、藩内屈指の勤王論者となった。
English: After the Keio era began, he was ordered to work in the residence of the Tosa Domain in Kyoto and studied under Ryoma SAKAMOTO for a while.
Japanese: 慶応年間になってから、京の土佐藩邸詰を仰せ付かり、そこで一時、坂本龍馬に師事。
English: However, when the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) put up notice boards on Sanjo-ohashi Bridge to criticize the Choshu Domain (accusation of guilt), extremist supporters of a noble cause who opposed the accusation, including Masakatsu, decided to remove the notice boards with a total of seven persons including his superior warrior Sukegoro MIYAGAWA and his colleague Kichigoro FUJISAKI.
Japanese: しかし、幕府によって三条大橋に長州藩を非難（罪状告発）する制札が立てられると、これに反発した正勝ら、過激派の志士は上士・宮川助五郎、同僚・藤崎吉五郎ら7名とともに制札撤去に乗り出す。
English: Miyagawa was arrested, Fujisaki was killed, and Masakatsu, though injured, managed to arrive at the residence of the Tosa Domain alive but committed suicide to prevent the disturbance from spreading.
Japanese: 宮川は捕縛、藤崎は斬殺され、正勝は負傷しながらも土佐藩邸まで存えることが出来たものの、騒ぎが大きくなるのを憂い自刃したという。
English: Shozo KITAKAZE (March 20, 1834 - December 5, 1895) was a Japanese merchant from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 北風正造（きたかぜしょうぞう、（天保5年2月11日(旧暦)（1834年）3月20日-明治28年（1895年）12月5日）は、江戸時代末期から明治時代の日本の商人。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, he contributed to the development of Hyogo Prefecture and Kobe City with Hirobumi ITO who was then the first governor of Hyogo Prefecture and was also his friend.
Japanese: 維新後は友人でもある初代兵庫県知事・伊藤博文と共に、兵庫および神戸の発展に貢献した。
English: But as soon as the new government began to take on the aspect of a domain clique system, he recognized the gap between the ideal and the reality and declined the government post.
Japanese: しかし、新政府が藩閥組織の様相を呈してくるや、理想とのギャップから官職を辞退。
English: He devoted himself to the commerce of the family business, such as launching an enterprise to export tea by employing Hikozo HAMADA (Joseph Heco by a Christian name), but after Obanto (head clerk) Bunshichiro KITA of a branch family died, since misconducts of the employees and failures in speculative buying of commodities arose successively, in the end the family business went bankrupt, and in the depths of despair he died as a stranger in Tokyo.
Japanese: ジョセフ・ヒコ（浜田彦蔵）等を使って茶の輸出事業を興す等、家業・商業に専念するが、大番頭の別家喜多文七郎死後、使用人の不祥事、物品思惑購入の失敗が相次ぎ、終に倒産し、失意の中、東京で客死した。
English: It is said that he burned up the documents related to the Restoration in person, and Takamori SAIGO, Hirobumi ITO, and others had been his acquaintances since before the Restoration.
Japanese: 維新関係文書は本人が焼却したと伝えられ、西郷隆盛、伊藤博文等と維新前から知己があった。
English: He and Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE who came dispatched to solve the state of affairs of Kobe Incident knew each other well, because he helped him when Shichikyo-ochi (the exile of the Seven nobles from Kyoto) happened.
Japanese: 神戸事件で事態解決のため派遣されてきた東久世通禧とは七卿落ちの時手助けした関係でよく知った間柄であった。
English: February 11, 1834: Shozo KITAKAZE was born as the second son of Oribe Kagenori HASEGAWA, a goshi (country samurai) at Takeda Village, Kii County, Yamashiro Province (present-day Takeda Uchihata-cho, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 1834年2月11日　山城国紀伊郡竹田村（現在京都市伏見区竹田内畑町）の郷士、長谷川織部景則の次男として生まれる。
English: His father Kagenori became the head of the guards of the imperial tomb of Emperor Toba later, and his mother Toshiko MIYAKE served as Rojo (senior lady-in-Waiting) and Yuhitsu (private secretary) of the Arisugawanomiya family.
Japanese: 景則は後に鳥羽天皇の山陵長となり、母・三宅登士子は有栖川宮家の老女・祐筆を勤めた。
English: 1842 - 1848: He served directly for Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Hisatada KUJO and Michitaka KUJO (the last Toshi choja [head of Fujiwara clan]) who were a father and a son.
Japanese: 1842年～1848年　関白九条尚忠・九条道隆（最後の藤氏長者）父子に近仕。
English: 1850: His real older brother Sojiro Sadatoshi KITAKAZE who had been adopted before by Soemon Sadakazu, the sixty-fifth generation head of the Chakuke (main line) of Kitakaze family, died of disease.
Japanese: 1850年先に北風嫡家第65代当主荘右衛門貞和の養子に入っていた実兄・北風荘次郎貞寿が病没。
English: 1851: Because he was advised to support the Kinno activities (activities based on reverence for the Emperor) from the fund side by Kinno So (Buddhist priest) Gessho, he unwillingly married the heiress as a successor to his older brother, and named himself Soichiro Sadatomo KITAKAZE (later the sixty-sixth generation Soemon Shozo Sadatada).
Japanese: 1851年勤皇僧・月照から勤皇活動を資金面から支えて欲しいと勧められ、不本意ながら兄の後釜として婿養子となり、北風荘一郎貞知（後に第66代荘右衛門正造貞忠）と名乗る。
English: 1859: His first son Hikoichi (later Sadao) was born to Shozo and Uda who was a daughter of Umon Sadanori HASEGAWA (Sozaburo KITAKAZE, an oldest legitimate son of the sixty-fourth generation Soemon Sadatsune).
Japanese: 1859年長谷川右門貞則（第64代荘右衛門貞常の嫡男北風荘三郎）の女・宇多との間に長男・彦一（後に貞雄）誕生。
English: 1863: He was given a gold-sided watch with shu-zu (eagle head, which might be a writing error) or ryu-zu (dragon head, that is a crown) for winding up in person by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA who was then visiting Hyogo (Yoshinobu came to soothe Shozo, because Shozo rejected the request for a loan by Kishu Domain saying 'Kitakaze is a cargo-vessel trader, not a moneylender.')
Japanese: 1863年兵庫来訪中の徳川慶喜から直々に鷲（竜？）頭巻金側時計を賜る（紀州藩の借金申出を「北風は、廻船業で、金貸屋ではない」と断った事で、正造をなだめに来た）。
English: 1868: he contributed a swift horse (which seemed to be the horse that people sang Miya-san [Imperial Prince] rode in 'Tokotonyare-bushi", and was originally Shozo's favorite horse) and 3000 ryo of gold to the Imperial Prince Taruhito ARISUGAWANOMIYA, Tosei daisotoku (literally, "great general who goes to conquer the east').
Japanese: 1868年東征大総督有栖川熾仁親王に駿馬（「トコトンヤレ節」で歌われる宮さんが乗っている馬らしい、正造の愛馬）と3000両を寄付。
English: He acted as a mediator between Himeji Domain and the Imperial army which were in a touch-and-go situation (he protected Himeji-jo Castle for 150,000 ryo of gold.)
Japanese: 一触即発状態の姫路藩と官軍との仲介（15万両と引換で姫路城を守る）。
English: He organized Hyogo corps consisting of about 150 members because of the necessity for self-defense and maintenance of security, and trained them in England style.
Japanese: 自衛・治安維持の必要から約150名から成る兵庫隊を結成、英国式操練を行う。
English: Legend has it that Kitakaze family has regarded Hikoyasu no mikoto who was a great-grandchild of the eighth Emperor Kogen as the founder of the family.
Japanese: 伝説によれば、北風家は第八代孝元天皇の曾孫彦也須（ひこやす）命を家祖とする。
English: It is said that the sixth generation Hikotsura (or Hikomaro) was entrusted with the management of the whole region of Hyogo by Empress Jingu.
Japanese: 6代彦連（彦麻呂？）が神功皇后より兵庫一帯の管理を委任されたという。
English: In 1336, the forty-fourth generation Koremura SHIROFUJI set fire to the warships of Takauji ASHIKAGA who was routed from Kyoto on the day when the north wind blew hard and made a great victory, and so he was given the name Sadamura KITAKAZE (喜多風貞村, of which 喜多風 is pronounced in the same way as 北風 [north wind]) by Yoshisada NITTA.
Japanese: 1336年44代白藤惟村が、京都から敗走する足利尊氏を北風の強い日に軍船に火を放って大勝し、新田義貞から喜多風貞村の名を下賜された。
English: After that, the Honke (head family) of Kitakaze family was divided into two, and the head of the Soke (head family) named himself Rokuemon and the head of the Chakuke (main line of the House) named himself Soemon for generations.
Japanese: その後、北風家の本家は2家に分かれ、宗家は六右衛門、嫡家は荘右衛門を代々名乗った。
English: IFUKUBE no Tokotarihime/IFUKIBE no Tokotarihime (year of birth unknown - July 26, 708) was a female family member of the Ifukube clan, a local ruling family of Inaba Province from the Asuka Period
Japanese: 伊福吉部徳足比売（いふくべのとこたりひめ/いふきべのとこたりひめ）（生年不詳-和銅元年（708年）7月1日(旧暦)）は、飛鳥時代の因幡国の豪族、伊福部氏（伊福吉部氏）の女性である。
English: Born as a daughter of the Ifukube clan, she became a court lady for Emperor Monmu and was awarded the rank of Jurokuijushichii (Junior Sixth Rank, Junior Seventh Grade) in 707, which was rare for someone coming from a local ruling family at the time.
Japanese: 伊福部氏の娘として生まれ、文武天皇に采女として仕え、慶雲4年（707年）には地方豪族出身としてはまれな従六位従七位の位を授けられた。
English: After a three-year funeral period, her corpse was cremated in October 710, as cremation was becoming popular at the time, and the cremains were sent to Inaba Province of her hometown to be buried on the hillside of the Inabayama Mountain (Tottori) overlooking the Tottori Plain.
Japanese: 遺体は3年間の殯（もがり）の後、同3年10月に当時流行し始めていた火葬にされ、その遺骨は故郷因幡国に送られて同年11月13日(旧暦)に鳥取平野を見下ろす稲葉山(鳥取)の中腹に葬られた。
English: Her brief personal history noted above was based on the epitaph below and, according to the fact that she was appointed court lady as a daughter of the Ifukube clan, it is clear that the Ifukube clan was the governor of Inaba Province or at least a hereditary district magistrate, according to the norm at the time.
Japanese: 以上の略歴は後述する墓誌から明らかになったもので、伊福部氏の女として采女に貢進されたことにより、当時の規定から伊福部氏が因幡国造であったか、少なくとも当時において郡領を務める氏であったことが判明する。
English: It is unknown, however, where the origin or roots of Tokotarihime was, since the Ifukube clan had at least two lines, including one from the Homi County and another from Omi County
Japanese: もっとも、当時の伊福部氏には法美郡の者と邑美郡の者と、少なくとも2流があるため、徳足比売の出自自体は不明である。
English: Incidentally, the Ifukube Clan of Homi County served as Shinto priest of the Ube-jinja Shrine, the highest ranking shrine in the area, until the first year of the Meiji Era (1868).
Japanese: ちなみに法美郡の伊福部氏は明治初年まで一宮である宇倍神社の神主職であった。
English: During the Edo period in 1774, a stone burial lid made from two pieces of tuff with 140 cm length, 86 cm wide, and 47 cm thickness, and a cist made from anvil stone were found on the hillside at the back of the Muryoko-ji Temple in Miyashita Village, Inabago, Homi County, Inaba Province (present-day Miyanoshita, Kokufu Town, Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture), and there was a cinerary urn buried in the center hole of the stone burial lid.
Japanese: 江戸時代の安永(元号)3年（1774年）、因幡国法美郡稲葉郷宮下村（現鳥取県鳥取市国府町(鳥取県)宮ノ下）にある無量光寺(鳥取市)の裏山（宇部野山。現稲葉山）中腹から、長さ140cm、幅86cm、厚さ47cmの2枚の凝灰岩で作られた蓋石と台石から成る石櫃が発見され、蓋石の中央には穴を穿って骨壺が納められていた。
English: The 16.5 cm-height cinerary urn was made of copper with a coupled lid and it is said that there was blue-gray ash-like substance inside.
Japanese: その骨蔵器は鋳銅製で高さ16.5cmの合わせ蓋式、中には青灰色の灰のようなものがあったと伝えられている。
English: On the surface of the 26.4 cm-diameter lid, 108 Japanese characters are radially inscribed in 16 lines, which details of the biography and funeral of Tokotarihime.
Japanese: 直径26.4ｃｍの蓋の表面には、108文字の漢字が16行にわたり放射状に刻まれており、徳足比売の生涯と葬送の経緯が記されている。
English: The remains of the tomb of IFUKUBE no Tokotarihime became a national historical site and her cinerary urn is stored in the Tokyo National Museum as one of the major national museum pieces, as well as an important cultural property.
Japanese: 伊福吉部徳足比売の墓跡は国の史跡に指定されるとともに、骨蔵器も国の代表的逸品として重要文化財に指定され、現在は東京国立博物館に保管されている。
English: These are valuable resources to learn about funeral etiquette for a female family member of a local ruling family, and the epitaph, among others, is the oldest written resource found in Inaba Province.
Japanese: いずれも地方豪族層女性の葬送儀礼を知る上での貴重な資料であるが、特に墓誌銘は因幡国で発見されている最古の文字でもある。
English: Senpo KURIYAMA (1671 - 1706) was a Neo-Confucian scholar who lived during the middle of the Edo period.
Japanese: 栗山潜鋒（くりやませんぽう、1671年-1706年）は、江戸時代中期の朱子学者。
English: In 1692, he was invited by Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain, to work for the compilation of the "Dainihonshi" (The Great History of Japan) with Kanran MIYAKE and Tanpaku ASAKA.
Japanese: 1692年に水戸藩藩主徳川光圀に招かれ、三宅観瀾・安積澹泊らと共に、『大日本史』の編集に従事した。
English: Tomomasa UESUGI (date of birth and death unknown) was a person of the Ogigayatsu Uesugi clan in the late Muromachi period (the early Warring States period).
Japanese: 上杉朝昌（うえすぎともまさ、生没年不詳）は、室町時代後期（戦国時代(日本)初期）の扇谷上杉家の人物。
English: This article describes not only Tomomasa, but also Tomoyasu and a dowager of Norifusa UESUGI, one of his children.
Japanese: 本項では朝昌の他に、その子のうち朝寧と上杉憲房後室についても記述する。
English: Many parts of Tomomasa's life are unknown, but it is considered that at first he called himself Honto as a Buddhist monk in the Shokoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, and in 1458, a person was granted an audience with Seitaishogun (the great, unifying leader) Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA as a representative of Mochitomo, Tomomasa's father, and this person is regarded as Tomomasa.
Japanese: その生涯には不明な部分も多いが、初めは僧侶として京都の相国寺において本東と名乗り、長禄2年（1458年）に父持朝の名代として征夷大将軍足利義政に拝謁した人物が朝昌の前身にあたると考えられている。
English: In the beginning of the Kyotoku War, Tomomasa was a postulant in Rokuonin of the Shokoku-ji Temple, but later he quit the priesthood for some reason, took part in dominating the territory of the Ogigayatsu Uesugi family, and entered the Nanasawa Fort in the Sagami province (the present Atsugi City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
Japanese: 享徳の乱初期には相国寺鹿苑院の喝食だったが、後に何らかの理由で還俗して扇谷上杉家の領国支配の一翼を担い、相模国七沢要害（現神奈川県厚木市）に入った。
English: The Nanasawa Fort was an important point in the Sagami Naka County and the Oba Fort where he later protected was an important point in the Sagami Higashi County, and therefore, it is considered that Tomomasa was in the position that substantially ruled both counties by the Ogigayatsu Uesugi clan.
Japanese: 七沢要害は相模中郡の、また後年守備した大庭要害は相模東郡の要衝であることから、扇谷上杉氏の両郡支配を実質的に担う立場にあったと考えられる。
English: Moreover in 1480, Tomomasa sent a gift to Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, father and son, and this suggests that he communicated with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) on his own apart from the family head of the Ogigayatsu Uesugi clan, and that he was in politically high position.
Japanese: また文明(日本)12年（1480年）に足利義政・足利義尚父子に進物を贈るなど、扇谷上杉氏当主とは別に、独自に幕府と交流を持っていたようであり、その政治的地位の高さも窺える。
English: These cases suggest that the family was very powerful in the Ogigayatsu Uesugi clan.
Japanese: これらの事例から、扇谷上杉氏におけるきわめて有力な一門だったと考えられる。
English: When the Kageharu NAGAO Rebellion occurred, Tomomasa joined the attack on Yasutsune TOSHIMA together with Dokan OTA, Yoritane CHIBA, etc. in 1477 (Battle of Egota-Numabukurohara).
Japanese: 長尾景春の乱が起こると、文明9年（1477年）に太田道灌・千葉自胤らと共に豊島泰経攻撃に参加した（江古田・沼袋原の戦い）。