nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1893, the San Francisco Board of Education adopted a resolution to allow public schools to refuse admission to Japanese children (San Francisco Japanese Children Segregation).
Japanese: 1893年サンフランシスコ教育委員会、日系人子弟の公立学校への入学を拒否する決議を採択（サンフランシスコ日本人学童隔離事件）。
English: In 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was established following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in the previous year, so government sponsored immigration became invalid and was abolished.
Japanese: 1894年前年にハワイ王朝が事実上廃止となり、この年からハワイ共和国が樹立された影響で、官約移民そのものが無効となり廃止。
English: In 1901, the assemblies of the States of California and Nevada sent the federal government a proposal that Japanese immigration be restrained.
Japanese: 1901年カリフォルニア州とネバダ州各州議会、連邦政府に対し日系人移民を制限する建議書を送る。
English: In 1902, Kyutaro ABIKO founded a human resources company for Japanese, 'Nihonjin Kangyosha' (Japanese Industrial Promotion Company) (later 'Nichibei Kangyosha' [U.S.-Japan Industrial Promotion Company]).
Japanese: 1902年安孫子久太郎が、カリフォルニア州に日系人専門の人材派遣業「日本人勧業社」（のちに日米勧業社）設立。
English: In 1902, Yone (Yonejiro) NOGUCHI (father of Isamu NOGUCHI) published the first book to be published in America by a Japanese, "The American Diary of a Japanese Girl."
Japanese: 1902年日系人によるアメリカでの初の書物となる、ヨネ・ノグチ（野口米次郎。イサム・ノグチの父）の作TheAmericanDiaryofaJapaneseGirlが出版される。
English: In 1903, Kiyoki SAIBARA moved to the State of Texas, and succeeded in a rice cultivation enterprise set up there.
Japanese: 1903年西原清東がテキサス州に移住、後年同地における稲作を成功させる。
English: In 1905, the Japanese and Korean Exclusion League was founded in San Francisco and similar organizations were later established in other cities in other states.
Japanese: 1905年サンフランシスコに、TheJapaneseandKoreanExclusionLeague（日系韓国系排斥協会）が設立され、その後他都市、他州にも同様の組織が設立される。
English: In 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education ordered the forced transfer of Japanese children in public schools to local Chinese schools.
Japanese: 1906年サンフランシスコ学務局、公立学校在籍中の日系人子弟を強制的に中国人学校に移籍させる。
English: In 1906, Kyutaro ABIKO founded the 'Yamato Colony' in Livingston, California.
Japanese: 1906年安孫子久太郎により、カリフォルニア州リビングストンに「大和コロニー」設立。
English: In February 1907, a Presidential Directive banned Japanese living in Hawaii, Mexico, and Canada from moving to the U.S. mainland..
Japanese: 1907年2月に施行された大統領令により、ハワイ、メキシコ、カナダからアメリカ本土への日系人の移住禁止。
English: In 1908, due to the seven exchanges of letters between the Japanese and U.S. governments since the previous year, the limitation of Japanese immigration based on the Gentlemen's Agreement took effect.
Japanese: 1908年日米両政府間で前年から7度に亘り行われた書簡交換により、紳士協定に基づく日本人の移民制限開始。
English: In 1908, the Japanese Association of America was founded in the State of California.
Japanese: 1908年カリフォルニア州で、JapaneseAssociationofAmerica（在米日本人会）設立。
English: In 1908, the so-called "picture brides," who married Japanese men living in the U.S. after a mere exchange of pictures, started travelling to the U.S.
Japanese: 1908年写真だけのお見合いをしてアメリカの日系人男性のもとへ嫁ぐ女性（いわゆる写真花嫁）の渡航が始まる。
English: In 1911, in the State of Arizona, foreigners without U.S. nationality were banned from owning or leasing land for a period longer than a certain number of years.
Japanese: 1911年アリゾナ州で国籍を持たない外国人（1世）の土地の所有および一定年数以上の借地が禁じられる。
English: The same law (the Alien Land Law of 1913) was enacted in the State of California in 1913.
Japanese: 1913年カリフォルニア州で、上記アリゾナ州と同様の法律（対外国人土地法1913）施行。
English: In the same period, the State of Arizona banned members of the first-generation from leasing land regardless of the length of time.
Japanese: 同時期、アリゾナ州では期限を問わず1世による一切の借地が禁じられる。
English: In 1921, the U.S. Congress enacted the Quota Immigration Act.
Japanese: 1921年連邦議会、TheQuotaImmigrationAct（移民割当法）施行。
English: In 1923, in the State of Washington, an amendment to the Alien Land Law banned Japanese minors with U.S. citizenship from owning land, so it became impossible to make second-generation minors land owners.
Japanese: 1923年ワシントン州で、対外国人土地法修正法により、アメリカ国籍を持つ未成年の日系人の土地所有も禁止され、未成年2世を抜け道的に土地所有者にする手段も絶たれる。
English: In 1924, due to the letter from Masanao HANIHARA, the U.S. Congress took on a hostile attitude toward Japanese, and the Immigration Act, 1924 (Japanese Exclusion Act) passed in May, and officially after July 1st, though in reality from June 24th onwards, Japanese immigration was totally banned and those who arrived in San Francisco Harbor on the 'Siberia' were the last Japanese immigrants to the U.S.
Japanese: 1924年埴原正直駐米大使の書簡により連邦議会が排日に傾き、5月の合衆国移民法1924（排日移民法）成立により、正式には7月1日以降、実質的には6月24日、移民船「シベリア丸」でサンフランシスコ港に到着した移民を最後に日本人の移民が全面的に禁止される。
English: In the 1930s, finally Japanese in California and Hawaii started to lead economically stable lives.
Japanese: 1930年代このころカリフォルニアとハワイの日系人たちがようやく経済的に安定した生活を送れるようになる。
English: On Fabruary 19, 1942, President Franklin ROOSEVELT issued Executive Order 9066.
Japanese: 1942年2月19日、フランクリン・ルーズベルト大統領による大統領令9066号の発令。
English: About 110,000 Japanese, including all the Japanese living on the West Coast and the majority of the Japanese living in Hawaii, were sent to concentration camps officially for the sake of 'national security' (Japanese American Internment).
Japanese: 「保護」の名目で西海岸地域に住む日系人全員、およびハワイの日系人のうち主だった人々計約11万人が収容所に送られる（日系人の強制収容）。
English: In June 1942, the U.S. Army's 100th Infantry Battalion was constituted by Japanese soldiers from Hawaii.
Japanese: 1942年6月、ハワイ出身の日系人兵士によってアメリカ陸軍第100歩兵大隊が編成される。
English: On November 24, 1942, Mike MASAOKA and others submitted a petition to the U.S. War Department that a squad of second-generation Japanese be made, and it was accepted on January 28, 1943.
Japanese: 1942年11月24日、MikeMasaokaらの主導で、陸軍省に日系2世部隊を組織するよう建白書を提出、翌年1月28日に請願が許可される。
English: From December 5 to 6, 1942, a riot occurred at Manzanar War Relocation Center.
Japanese: 1942年12月5日から翌日にかけ、マンザナール強制収容所で暴動発生。
English: On February 10, 1943, the Application for Leave Clearance was distributed to the Japanese at concentration camps.
Japanese: 1943年2月10日、収容所の日系人にApplicationforLeaveClearance（出所申請書）が配布される。
English: In 1943, the 100th Infantry Battalion was deployed to Europe and fought on the front in Italy and France, where they were commended for their fierce fighting in various battles, such as that in Monte Cassino.
Japanese: 1943年第100歩兵大隊が欧州戦線に投入される（イタリアやフランスを転戦し、モンテ・カッシーノの戦いなど各地での激闘ぶりを賞賛された）。
English: In 1944, the 100th Infantry Battalion was integrated into the 442nd Regiment, which consisted of Japanese volunteers.
Japanese: 1944年第100歩兵大隊が日系人志願兵によって組織された第442連隊戦闘団に統合される。
English: In 1945, the 442nd Regiment received 18,143 medals and 9,476 Medals of Honor, becoming the squad who received the biggest number of medals in U.S. Army history.
Japanese: 1945年第442連隊が18143個の武勲章および9476個の名誉戦傷章を受章し、アメリカ軍史上最も多くの勲章を授与された部隊の栄誉に輝く。
English: At the same time, the squad had a casualty rate of 314 percent, making it the squad that suffered the most injuries in the U.S. Army.
Japanese: 同時に累積戦死傷率314%を記録し、全米軍部隊中、最も損害を受けた部隊としても記憶されることとなる。
English: In 1946, 'The GI Fiancee Act' was enacted, which permitted Japanese women who were engaged to American soldiers in the Occupation Forces to enter the U.S.
Japanese: 1946年占領軍として日本に駐留した米軍兵と婚約した日本人女性にアメリカ渡航を許可する「GI婚約者法」が成立。
English: In 1952, the Immigration and Nationality Act (MacCarran-Walter Act) was passed, which virtually abolished the Japanese Exclusion Act.
Japanese: 1952年排日移民法の事実上の撤廃となる修正移民法（マッキャラン・ウォルター移民帰化法）可決。
English: In 1959, Daniel INOUYE from Hawaii, who was elected at the same time Hawaii became a U.S. state, became the first Asian Representative.
Japanese: 1959年ハワイが州に昇格したと同時に選出されたダニエル・イノウエが初のアジア系下院議員となる。
English: In 1962, Minoru YAMASAKI was selected as the designer for the World Trade Center (New York).
Japanese: 1962年ミノル・ヤマサキがワールドトレードセンター(ニューヨーク)ビルのデザイナーに選ばれる。
English: In 1965, Patsy MINK was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the State of Hawaii, and became the first Asian and non-white female Representative.
Japanese: 1965年パッツイー・ミンクがハワイ州で下院議員に当選、アジア系および有色人種の女性として初の下院議員となる。
English: In 1966, the Alien Land Law was rescinded in the last remaining state, Washington State.
Japanese: 1966年国内で最後まで残されていたワシントン州の外国人土地法が撤廃される。
English: In 1970, George ARIYOSHI took the position of the fourth Lieutenant Governor of the State of Hawaii, the first Japanese Lieutenant State Governor.
Japanese: 1970年ジョージ・アリヨシが第4代ハワイ州副知事に就任、日系人として初めて州副知事となる。
English: In 1973, Norman MINETA was elected Mayor of San Jose, California, the first Asian American to become mayor of a major city.
Japanese: 1973年ノーマン・ミネタがカリフォルニア州サンノゼ市長に当選、アジア系アメリカ人として初めて主要都市の市長となる。
English: In 1974, George ARIYOSHI took the position of the third Governor of Hawaii, the first Japanese Governor, serving for three terms, or 12 years (13 years and 2 months including the terms he was deputed as Governor during his Lieutenant Governor incumbency).
Japanese: 1974年ジョージ・アリヨシが第3代ハワイ州知事に就任、初の日系州知事となり、3期12年（副知事時代州知事代理を務めた期間を含めると13年2ヶ月）に亘り知事を務める。
English: In 1980, the U.S. Congress established the first ever commission on Japanese American Internment during the war.
Japanese: 1980年連邦議会で初めて戦時中の日系人の強制収容に関する調査委員会が設置される。
English: In 1983, the Commission announced the conclusion that the Japanese American Internment during the war was not necessary for the sake of security.
Japanese: 1983年調査委員会が戦時中の日系人収容は機密上必要ではなかったとする結論を発表。
English: In 1988, Ronald REAGAN signed the "Civil Liberties Act," deciding to apologize for the Japanese American Internment based on racial discrimination and to grant the survivors 20,000 dollars per person in compensation.
Japanese: 1988年ロナルド・レーガン大統領が『市民自由法』に署名し、人種差別に基づく日系人強制収容の事実の謝罪と一人につき2万ドルの補償をおこなうことを決定。
English: In 1992, Kristi YAMAGUCHI became the first Japanese American to win a Gold Medal for Ladies' Figure Skating at the Albertville Olympic Games.
Japanese: 1992年クリスティ・ヤマグチがアルベールビルオリンピック女子フィギュアスケートで、日系アメリカ人初となる金メダルを獲得。
English: In 1994, Mazie HIRONO became the first first-generation Japanese (Japanese-born) to be elected Lieutenant Governor.
Japanese: 1994年メイジー・ヒロノが日系人1世（日本生まれ）として初めて副知事に選ばれる。
English: In 1998, Chris TASHIMA became the first American-born Japanese American to receive an Academy Award.
Japanese: 1998年クリス・タシマがアメリカ生まれの日系人として初めてアカデミー賞受賞。
English: In 1999. Eric SHINSEKI became the first Asian American to be Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army.
Japanese: 1999年エリック・シンセキ将軍がアジア系として初めて陸軍参謀総長に就任。
English: In 2000, Norman MINETA became the first Asian American to be elected as a member of the Cabinet.
Japanese: 2000年ノーマン・ミネタがアジア系アメリカ人として初めて閣僚に選ばれる。
English: Omitted below are those who automatically had U.S. citizenship because they were born in the U.S. and chose U.S. nationality when they were obliged at the age 20 to choose, but who live mainly in Japan.
Japanese: アメリカで生まれたため自動的に米国市民権を持ち、20歳時の日本国籍か米国国籍かいずれかを選択するときに米国国籍を選択したが、生活基盤を日本に置いている帰国生徒については、これを省いた。
English: On the other hand, included below are those who did not (or could not) obtain U.S. citizenship after living in the U.S. for some time, spending more than half of their lives as permanent residents, i.e. 'virtual Americans.'
Japanese: 逆に、渡米後も米国市民権を取得しなかった（あるいはできなかった）が、永住権を得て生活基盤をアメリカに置き、「事実上のアメリカ人」として生涯の大半を過ごした者については、これを例外的に含めた。
English: In 2001, San Jose International Airport changed the official name of the airport to 'Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Air Port' in honor of him.
Japanese: 2001年、サンノゼ国際空港はミネタを顕彰して正式空港名を「ノーマン・Y・ミネタ・サンノゼ国際空港」と改称した。
English: He refused to deploy to Iraq, saying that the Iraq war was an illegal exercise of military force, and he contributed to the spreading anti-war sentiment.
Japanese: イラク戦争を非合法的軍事力行使だとして従軍を拒否、イラク反戦の気運をもたらす一因を作る。
English: In the Kazuyoshi MIURA case, he shared command with Masahiro TERAO (former head of crime squad 1 of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department) in the U.S.-Japanese investigation.
Japanese: ロス疑惑（三浦和義事件）を担当、日米合同捜査で寺尾正大（元警視庁捜査一課長）と指揮した。
English: He studied very hard and graduated 2nd in his class from Cornell Medical School, obtaining a doctoral degree in the medical sciences and a medical license.
Japanese: 苦学をしながらコーネル大学医学部を二番の成績で卒業し、医学博士･医師免許を取得。
English: Later he became the first Japanese practitioner in the U.S. when he started working in Brooklyn, New York.
Japanese: のちニューヨーク･ブルックリンで日本人医師としてアメリカで初の開業医となる。
English: Since he was willing to see the poor for free, he earned himself enormous trust from people, and acquired a big name locally as 'Doctor Takami.'
Japanese: 率先して貧しい患者を一切無料で診察したので庶民からの絶大な信頼を得ることになり、「ドクター・タカミ」の名は「地元の名士」として知られるようになる。
English: In his later years, he worked hard for the welfare of his fellow Japanese by founding the Japanese Mutual Aid Society (the present day Japanese American Association of New York), purchasing a graveyard for underprivileged Japanese with no relatives, and organizing the Japanese Credit Cooperative.
Japanese: 晩年は日本人共済会（現ニューヨーク日系人会）の設立、貧しく身寄りのない日本人のための墓地の購入、日本人信用組合の組織化など、同胞のための社会奉仕にも尽くした。
English: He is known for having performed autopsies on celebrities such as Marilyn MONROE and Robert KENNEDY.
Japanese: マリリン・モンローやロバート・ケネディら著名人の検死をおこなったことで知られる。
English: He worked at Bethesda Naval Hospital and UCLA, and he became Chief of the Gastroenterology Division at the University of Michigan Medical School.
Japanese: ベセスダ海軍病院からカリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校を経てミシガン大学医学部消化器学部長。
English: He transferred to the pharmaceutical industry and became Chairman of Research and Development of Glaxo Smithkline.
Japanese: この後製薬業界に転身してグラクソ・スミスクライン研究開発部門会長に就任。
English: In September 2007, he was named Knight Commander of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to the improvement of the investment environment for the pharmaceutical industry in Britain.
Japanese: 2007年9月、英国において新薬の研究開発に対する投資環境の改善に尽力した功績を認められ、エリザベス2世(イギリス女王)より大英帝国勲章を授りナイト叙任。
English: The owner of the restaurant, Benihama, and an adventurer.
Japanese: レストラン・Benihana(restaurant)のオーナー、冒険家。
English: He wrote, "Rich Dad, Poor Dad."
Japanese: 『金持ち父さん・貧乏父さん(RichDad,PoorDad)』を執筆。
English: He became famous for designing the cartoon character of "SCOOBY DOO, WHERE ARE YOU !"
Japanese: 『弱虫クルッパー』Scooby-Dooシリーズのキャラクターデザインで名を馳せた。
English: In 1991, his short documentary film portraying the Japanese American Internment, "Days of Waiting The Life Art of Estelle Ishigo," received an Academy Award for best documentary short subject.
Japanese: 1991年、日系人の強制収容を描いた短編ドキュメンタリー『待ちわびる日々(DaysofWaitingTheLifeArtofEstelleIshigo)』でアカデミー短編ドキュメンタリー映画賞を受賞。
English: In 1966, he was nominated for the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his performance in "The Sand Pebbles."
Japanese: 1966年『砲艦サンパブロ(TheSandPebbles(film))』でアカデミー助演男優賞にノミネート。
English: In 1957, she was the first Asian actor to win the Academy Award for the Best Supporting Actress for her performance in "Sayonara."
Japanese: 1957年『サヨナラ(映画)』でアジア系俳優としては初のアカデミー助演女優賞を受賞。
English: She went to the U.S. at the age of 26, and then spent more than half a century there until her death, but she never obtained U.S. citizenship.
Japanese: 26歳で渡米後、半世紀をアメリカで過ごし、アメリカに骨を埋めたが、市民権は取得しなかった。
English: He played the role of Superman in the TV series "Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman."
Japanese: テレビドラマ『新スーパーマン(LoisClarkTheNewAdventuresofSuperman)』でスーパーマンを演じる。
English: Famous for his performance of Hikaru SULU (or Mr. Kato) in "Star Trek."
Japanese: 『スタートレック』のヒカル・スールー（又はミスター・カトー）役で有名。
English: His original name is Michael Anthony Sheridan.
Japanese: -本名はマイケル・アンソニー・シェリダン（MichaelAnthonySheridan）。
English: He could not obtain U.S. citizenship because of the Japanese Exclusion Act, and later as the hostility toward Japanese among Americans increased he went to Europe.
Japanese: 排日移民法のため市民権を得ることができず、後対日感情悪化とともに欧州に渡る。
English: After the war, he went back to Hollywood and became a well-reputed supporting actor, receiving nominations for the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his role in "The Bridge on the River Kwai" in 1957.
Japanese: 戦後ハリウッドの名脇役として復活、1957年には『戦場に架ける橋』でアカデミー助演男優賞にノミネートされた。
English: In 1984, he was nominated for the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his performance of Mr. Miyagi, a karate master in "the Karate Kid."
Japanese: 1984年『ベスト・キッド』の空手の達人ミスター・ミヤギ役でアカデミー助演男優賞にノミネート。
English: Hiroshima (musical producer) Hiroshima (The Ratt Pakk)
Japanese: ヒロシマ(音楽プロデューサー)　Hiroshima(TheRattPakk)
English: (For the medals, only the highest awards for each game are mentioned; please refer to the description of each figure for details.)
Japanese: （メダルは各競技会ごとの最高位のみを記載、詳細については各人物の記事を参照のこと）
English: A professional basketball player (Member of BJ League, Tokyo Apache): L.A., California.
Japanese: プロバスケットボール選手（bjリーグ・東京アパッチ所属）：カリフォルニア州ロサンゼルス
English: A professional basketball player (member of BJ League, Tokyo Apach): Oregon
Japanese: プロバスケットボール選手（bjリーグ・東京アパッチ所属）：オレゴン州
English: As in Japan 1 sho was determined to be approximately 1.8039 liters during Meiji period, 1 go is to be 0.18039 liters (180.39 milliliters).
Japanese: 日本では、明治時代に1升約1.8039リットルと定められたので、1合は約0.18039リットル（180.39ミリリットル）となる。
English: In China 1 sho equals to 1 liter, so 1 go is 100 milliliters.
Japanese: 中国では、1升1リットルであるので、1合は100ミリリットルとなる。
English: In Japan the use of the old Japanese system of weights and measures in business transaction is forbidden, but today in some of sales of alcoholic liquor the unit of go (1 go is equivalent to 180 milliliters) is used.
Japanese: 日本では商取引での尺貫法の単位の使用は禁止されているが、今日でも、一部の酒類の販売は1合（180ミリリットル）単位で行われている。
English: Also, 1 go of rice is a volume of 1 standard meal and a measuring cup is widely used to measure 1 go.
Japanese: また、1合の米は標準的な1食分の分量となっており、1合を量るための計量カップが広く使われている。
English: The name 'go' comes from the volume which corresponds to the two times larger than the amount of water filling up a oshikikan (yellow bell tube, a kind of flute), the standard of length during the age of the Han Dynasty, then it was named 'go' (combination).
Japanese: 漢代の長さの標準器であった黄鐘管を満たす水の量の2倍の量に由来するもので、2倍であるので「合」という名称となった。
English: For this reason 'go' itself came to mean 'a 10th amount' and the following units of square footage (area) or rough indication in a route of the climb were given rise to.
Japanese: そこから「合」自体が「10分の1の量」という意味となり、下記のような地積（面積）の単位や登山道の目安を表す単位が生まれた。
English: The distance from a foot of mountain to the summit is divided into 10 go, and it is not simply divided equally with the height or distance but the rough criterion is the time which it takes to climb up by walking and thus the length of 1 go is shortened in a steep place.
Japanese: 麓から頂上までを10合に分けるが、単純に高さや距離で等分しているのではなく、実際に歩いて登る際に要する時間がおおよその基準になっているため、険しい場所や坂の急な場所では1合の長さが短くなる。
English: From 1 go (about 110 grams) of rice with husks, after polished, 0.5 go (about 78 grams) of raw brown (unpolished) rice and 0.5 go (about 32 grams) of husks are made.
Japanese: 籾米1合(約110ｇ)→精製→生玄米0.5合(約78g)+籾殻0.5合(約32g)
English: From 1 go (about 156 grams) of raw brown (unpolished) rice, after polished, 5 over 6 go (about 125 grams) of raw polished rice and 1 over 6 go (about 31 grams) of rice bran are made (in the case of moistening).
Japanese: 生玄米1合(約156g)→精製→生白米5/6合(約125g)+糠1/6合(約31g)｛湿潤時の場合｝
English: By steaming polished rice, it largely increases in volume and weight (about 2.2 times).
Japanese: 精米した白米を炊く事で、質量・重量とも大幅(約2.2倍)に増加する。
English: The Former Foreign Settlement is the section of exterritoriality for foreigners built mainly based on the Ansei Five-Power Treaties.
Japanese: 旧居留地（きゅうきょりゅうち）とは、主に安政五カ国条約によってできた外国人の治外法権の区画をさす。
English: The Former Foreign Settlements in Yokohama City Kanagawa Prefecture, in Kobe City Hyogo Prefecture, in Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture and Osaka City Osaka Prefecture are famous.
Japanese: 兵庫県神戸市と神奈川県横浜市、長崎県長崎市、大阪府大阪市の旧居留地が有名。
English: The Former Foreign Settlement in Kobe was built on the isolated area, surrounded by Saigoku-kaido Road on the north, former Ikuta-gawa River (now Flower Road) on the east, Koikawasuji Road (now Koikawasuji Road) on the west, Port of Kobe on the south, designed by English engineer J.W.HART, who built neat western town on it.
Japanese: 神戸の旧居留地は、北は西国街道、東は旧生田川(現在のフラワーロード)、西は鯉川筋(現在の鯉川筋)、南は神戸港に囲まれた周囲と隔絶されていた地区で、そこにイギリス人技師J.W.ハートが居留地の設計を行い、整然とした西洋の街を造り上げた。
English: The atmosphere of the town changes once you cross the road still now, though the rivers on the east and west turned into the roads later.
Japanese: その後、東西の川は道路となったが、現在も道路を越えると街の雰囲気が一変する。
English: The major Western-style buildings and modern architectures built in between Meiji Period and Early Showa era are illuminated from sundown till around 10 p.m.
Japanese: 明治時代～昭和初期築の主な西洋館・近代建築は日没から22時頃までライトアップされる。
English: It was the place of exterritoriality divided into 126 sections, having been auctioned for foreigners since 1868 to their return in 1899.
Japanese: 1868年（明治元年）から1899年（明治32年）の返還までに、外国人に126区画に分けて競売された治外法権の場所であった。
English: Kitano-cho City Yamamoto-dori Street is where foreigners who had lived in The Former Foreign Settlement set up house in Yamate (the mountain side) later.
Japanese: やがて、居留地の外国人が山手に住居を構えるようになったのが、北野町山本通である。
English: Chinese abroad who came to Kobe from Qing with which Japan had not signed a treaty at that time, were not allowed to live in The Former Foreign Settlement, settling on its west side, building Chinatowns called Nanjing-machi Town (Kobe).
Japanese: 当時、条約の未締結国であった清国から神戸に渡ってきた華僑は、居留地には住むことができず、その西側に多く住み着き、南京町(神戸)といった中華街を築いていった。
English: The perceptions of The Former Foreign Settlement was 'Business district of decrepit old buildings' until 1980, however, the preservation movement of Former Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building occurred in 1988 triggered the revitalization of the town.
Japanese: 1980年代までは、「老朽化した古いビルのオフィス街」という認識であったが、1988年に起こった旧神戸商工会議所ビルの保存運動が街再生のきっかけとなる。
English: A department store Daimaru Kobe, which was in The Foreign Settlement, made the modern architecture it owned designed by William Merrell Vories into the shop as Live Lab West (now The Former Foreign Settlement 38th Building), opening up luxury boutiques aggressively in modern western architectures nearby, though Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building itself had been torn down.
Japanese: 商工会議所ビル自体は解体されたが、居留地の一角を占める百貨店大丸神戸店が自ら所有していたウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ設計の近代建築をLiveLabWest（現旧居留地38番館）として店舗化し、さらに周辺の近代西洋建築へ高級ブティックを積極的に出店していった。
English: It changed the attitude of owners of modern architectures, making them aware that modern architectures are not dotting but existing as 'town' or 'area'.
Japanese: それによって近代建築オーナーの意識も変わり、近代建築が点在するのではなく「街並み」として「面」として存在することの価値を認識するようになる。
English: In 2000s, foreign brands such as LVMH joined directly, and now it is thriving as 'the town stylish and most Kobe-like '.
Japanese: 2000年代に入るとLVMHなどの外資ブランドが直接参入し、今では「最も神戸らしい洗練された街」として活況を呈するようになった。
English: It is particularly notable as the successful example of the collaboration between civic movement and commercial capital.
Japanese: これは市民運動と商業資本のコラボレーションの成功例として特記に値する。
English: It was selected as the 100 City Landscape by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 1992, and Association of The Former Foreign Settlement was awarded with Ishikawa Award of City Planning Institute of Japan, which was the top prize, in 2007.
Japanese: 1992年に国土交通省の都市景観100選に選定、2007年には旧居留地連絡協議会が日本都市計画学会の最高賞である日本都市計画学会石川賞を受賞している。
English: Kobe Lamp Museum, Japan Bank Kobe Branch, New Crescent Building, Kobe City Museum, Kobe Building
Japanese: -神戸らんぷミュージアム、日本銀行神戸支店、新クレセントビル、神戸市立博物館、神戸ビルヂング
English: Both the Dajokan Fukoku and the Dajokan Tasshi were a form of law promulgated by the Dajokan (Grand Council of State) during the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 太政官布告（だじょうかんふこく）・太政官達（だじょうかんたっし）とは、ともに太政官明治維新の太政官によって公布された明治時代初期の法令の形式である。
English: Both the Dajokan Fukoku and the Dajokan Tasshi were a form of law during the early Meiji period, promulgated by the supreme government office called Dajokan (Grand Council of State), which was newly established after the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 太政官布告、太政官達は、いずれも、明治時代初期に最高官庁として設置された太政官明治維新の太政官によって公布された法令の形式である。
English: There had been no clear distinction made between the two types of law until 1873, when it was decided to release directives for government offices and their personnel under the name of 'Dajokan Tasshi,' and for the public under the name of 'Dajokan Fukoku' (Dajokan Fukoku No. 254 of 1873).
Japanese: 布告と達の区別については、当初から厳密な区別はなかったが、1873年（明治6年）には、各官庁及び官員に対する訓令としての意味を持つものを「太政官達」、全国一般へ布告すべきものを「太政官布告」として区別することを定めた（明治6年太政官布告第254号）。
English: Yet the rule was apparently not strictly applied, as in practice the Dajokan Tasshi form was still used to promulgate binding regulations intended for the public.
Japanese: しかし、実際の取扱いとしては、その後もそのような区別が厳密にされていたとは言い難く、一般国民を拘束する内容を持つものであっても太政官達の形式により定めたものもあった。