nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In many cases, this kata implicitly contains a sense of respect or consideration for others because of an influence of jukyo dotoku (Confucian ethics) or based on shinsho (real nature) of avoiding a conflict with others and respecting a harmony.
Japanese: これらには儒教道徳の影響や、人と衝突するのを避け和を尊ぶという心性から、無言の内に相手への敬意・配慮の念が込められていることも多い。
English: In these years, this kata was replaced by manners due to westernization of lifestyle, and there is an opinion worrying that these traditional Japanese senses of respect for rules and models may lose substance.
Japanese: 近年では生活様式の欧米化によりマナーなどに置き換えられ、これらの日本の伝統的な規範意識の形骸化を憂慮する声もある。
English: According to gene analyses, it is considered that Japanese people were based on people coming from the north via the Korean Peninsula or Sakhalin.
Japanese: 遺伝子分析などにより、日本人は朝鮮半島や樺太経由で北方から渡ってきた人々が中心になっていると考えられている。
English: It is considered that people coming from the Continent or the south brought a culture before Christ, but, with respect to spoken language and life, a culture endemic to Japan grew.
Japanese: 紀元前から大陸や南方から渡ってきた人々が文化をもたらすことはあったと考えられるが、話す言葉や生活などは日本固有の文化が育ってきた。
English: Japan started paying tribute to the court of dynasties in China around from the era of the Former Han, and came to accept products of culture in China which was an advanced cultured country.
Japanese: 前漢の時代頃から中国の王朝に積極的に朝貢し初め、先進文化国だった中国の文物を受け入れるようになった。
English: Thereafter, Japanese envoys to Sui and Tang Dynasties China were dispatched, and scholars sent to China learned an advanced culture, and brought it back to Japan.
Japanese: 後には遣隋使、遣唐使が派遣され、留学生が先進文化を学び、日本に持ち帰ってきた。
English: Japan had a diplomatic and commercial relationship by accepting envoys to Japan from the Korean Peninsula, and sending Kenshiragi-shi (Japanese envoy to Shilla) and Ken-Bokkaishi (Japanese envoy to Balhae).
Japanese: また朝鮮半島からの遣日本使を迎え入れ、逆に遣新羅使、遣渤海(国)使を派遣するなど外交的・貿易的なつながりを持っていた。
English: After the sending of envoys to Tang China were abolished (894), influences of foreign countries were digested in a manner specific to Japan, and the period of 'native Japanese culture' came.
Japanese: 遣唐使の廃止（894年）後、外国からの影響が日本独自に消化されてゆき、「国風文化」時代を迎えた。
English: Kana characters were created from kanji characters by noblewomen, and literature including waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), tale and diary literature as typified by The Tale of Genji and Makura no soshi (the Pillow Book) was popularized.
Japanese: 貴族の女性の間で漢字からかな文字が生まれ、源氏物語や枕草子に代表される和歌や物語、日記文学など文芸が盛んになった。
English: In the field of art, the architecture of Horyu-ji Temple and Toshodai-ji Temple was largely influenced by China, but, the Uji-byodoin Temple was constructed as preferred by Japanese people.
Japanese: 芸術の分野でも、法隆寺や唐招提寺の建築には中国などの影響が強く見られたのに対して、宇治平等院では日本人好みの表現になっている。
English: Applicable culture: Tumulus culture, Asuka culture, Hakuho culture, Tenpyo culture, Konin-Jokan culture, native Japanese culture and Insei period culture
Japanese: 該当する文化古墳文化、飛鳥文化、白鳳文化、天平文化、弘仁・貞観文化、国風文化、院政期文化
English: When the samurai gained power during a period from the end of the ancient times to the medieval period, a culture peculiar to samurai such as yabusame (horseback archery) and inuoumono (dog-hunting event, a skill of archery) was born, and war chronicles (The Tale of the Heike, etc.) under the theme of battle were also created.
Japanese: 古代末から中世に武士が台頭してくると、流鏑馬、犬追物など武士特有の文化が生まれ、合戦をテーマにした軍記物語（平家物語など）も生まれた。
English: Graven images were also transformed to those having a strong body (most notable is considered to be the Todai-ji Temple, Buddhist temple).
Japanese: 彫像も、力強い肉体を持った物へと代わっていった（東大寺伽藍等はその代表といえる）。
English: In this period, coming and going by Zen (Buddhism) monks were implemented actively, and cultures (a vegetarian dish, ink-wash painting, custom of tea drinking) brought along with the Zen sect had a big influence on subsequent developments of Japanese culture.
Japanese: この時代には禅宗僧の往来がしきりで、禅宗とともに持ち込まれた文化（精進料理、水墨画、喫茶の習慣など）はその後の日本文化の発展に大きな影響を与えた。
English: Since the coming from and going to China were never discontinued due to Tenryuji-bune (Heavenly Dragon Ship) and the tally trade (between Japan and the Ming dynasty), a large amount of copper coins were imported, and karamono (things imported from China) were highly esteemed.
Japanese: 天竜寺船、勘合貿易により中国との往来は絶えることはなく、銅銭が大量輸入され、唐物が珍重された。
English: Although the Muromachi period was the age of wars, sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) (Noh), tea ceremony and Shoin (reception room) (Shoin-zukuri style (a traditional Japanese style of residential architecture that included a tokonoma) developed, and many cultures considered to be a 'Japanese-style' culture at present were created in this period.
Japanese: 室町時代は戦乱の世であったが、東山文化の時代を中心にして、猿楽（能）、茶道、書院（書院造）などが発展し、今日「日本的」といわれる文化の多くがこの時代につくられた。
English: However, since territorial ambitions of Spain and Portugal (the San Felipe go incident, etc.) were known, missionaries were exiled, and a measure to ban Christianity was taken.
Japanese: しかし、スペイン・ポルトガルの領土的野心（サン＝フェリペ号事件ほか）が知られたため、宣教師は追放され、次いで禁教の施策が取られた。
English: The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which firstly aimed at friendly diplomacy could not remove the crisis, and decided to choose a policy of crackdown on Christianity and a road to national isolation.
Japanese: 江戸幕府は最初外国との友好的な外交を目指したが、危機は拭えず、やがてキリシタン弾圧、そして鎖国の道を選ぶことになる。
English: Around this time, missionaries and engineers captured in the Bunroku-Keicho War introduced the technique of movable type, and publications started appearing.
Japanese: この時期には、宣教師及び文禄・慶長の役で捕虜となった技術者が活版印刷の技術を伝え、刊行本が世に出回り始めた。
English: In Japan where the administration was stabilized and which was isolated from foreign countries due to national isolation, a peaceful time lasted long, and its own culture developed again.
Japanese: 政権が安定し、鎖国により外国と隔絶された日本では、平和な時期が長く続き、再び独自の文化が発達した。
English: Due to the spread of Terakoya (Temple elementary schools during the Edo period) and Hanko (a domain school), reading, writing and arithmetic penetrated widely, and in addition to Confucianism recommended by the bakufu, natural science including herbalism developed.
Japanese: 寺子屋や藩校の普及により読み書き算盤が広く浸透し、幕府奨励の儒学のほかに本草学などの自然科学が育った。
English: Among common people, performances (Kabuki (traditional performing art) and Bunraku (Japanese puppet theater)), and publications (Ukiyozoshi (literally, Books of the Floating World), Yomihon (copy for reading), Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock of prints), etc.) were loved, and secular culture was prosperous (it was around this time when a grand sumo tournament which was the start of Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) as a professional sport started).
Japanese: 庶民の間では演劇（歌舞伎、文楽）や刊行物（浮世草子、読本、浮世絵など）が愛好され、世俗文化が栄えた（プロスポーツとしての相撲である大相撲が始まったのもこの頃）。
English: In addition, the study of Japanese classical literature to review Japanese original traditions arose, and an ideological environment of "Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians" movement in the end of Edo period was formed.
Japanese: また日本本来の伝統を捉え直そうという国学も興り、幕末の尊皇攘夷運動の思想的土壌を作った。
English: Even though exchanges with western countries were strictly restricted, trades with the Netherlands were implemented through Dejima in Nagasaki.
Japanese: 西洋との交流は厳しく制限されたものの、長崎の出島を通じてオランダとの交易が行われた。
English: Chinese culture and western culture coming from Nagasaki stimulated the intellectuals' curiosity, and western studies, Western studies (medicine) and Chinese (herb) medicine developed.
Japanese: 長崎から入ってくる中国文化や西洋文化は知識人の好奇心を刺激し、洋学や蘭学（医学）、漢方医学が発達した。
English: This flow became a power responding to approaches at the end of the Edo period by European countries in the imperialism period, and became one of motivations to mark the end of a long period of isolation.
Japanese: この流れは、幕末に帝国主義時代の欧米の接近に際して対応する力となり、開国の原動力のひとつになった。
English: Applicable culture: Azuchi-Momoyama culture, Kanei culture, Genroku culture, Tenmei culture and Kasei culture
Japanese: 該当する文化安土桃山時代文化、寛永文化、元禄文化、天明文化、化政文化
English: Through the opening of the country to the world at the end of the Edo period, and the Meiji Restoration, Japan accepted products of culture and systems in European countries, and set its modernization as a national goal.
Japanese: 幕末の開国、明治維新を経て、欧米の文物・制度を取り入れ日本の近代化を図ることが国家目標になった。
English: The government took the initiative in actively introducing western culture, and the rapid westernization was enhanced superficially in the period of Rokumeikan (Deer-cry-Hall).
Japanese: 政府主導で積極的な西洋文化の導入が図られ、鹿鳴館時代には皮相的に急激な西洋化が図られた。
English: Enlightened thinkers denied feudal thoughts and customs, and introduced Western political systems and products of culture.
Japanese: 啓蒙的な思想家が封建的な思想や習慣を否定し、西洋の政治制度、文物を紹介した。
English: In addition, the development of media such as newspapers and magazines, and transportation facilities such as railroad spread a new culture across the country, and this new culture had a great influence on the common people's lives.
Japanese: また、新聞、雑誌などのメディアや鉄道など交通機関の発達は各地に新しい文化を広め、庶民生活に大きな影響を与えた。
English: However, traditional events and lifestyles based on agriculture still continued in areas (rural areas) far from urban areas.
Japanese: しかし、都市部から離れた地域（農村部）では依然として、農業を基盤とした伝統的な行事や生活習慣が続いていた。
English: In around the Taisho period, Western culture gradually penetrated mainly in cities against the backdrop of the increasing advancement rate, and a consumer-driven culture typified by department stores, and popular culture were established.
Japanese: 大正時代頃には進学率の上昇などを背景に、都市を中心に洋風の文化が次第に浸透し、デパートに代表される消費文化、大衆文化が成立した。
English: Due to the influence of American popular culture, apolaustic culture such as cafes and movie theaters spread in cities, and erotica, grotesque and nonsense became popular.
Japanese: アメリカの大衆文化の影響もあって、都市にはカフェーや映画館などの享楽的な文化も広まり、エロ・グロ・ナンセンスが流行した。
English: On the other hand, a gap between the rich and the poor was widened, and disputes and socialism came to arise.
Japanese: 一方で貧富の格差も増大し、労働争議や社会主義運動が起こるようになる。
English: Public expectations focused on the military, and politicians who were accused of vacillating weakness lost their trust.
Japanese: 国民の期待は軍部に集まり、弱腰であると非難されていた政治家は信頼を失った。
English: When the Sino-Japan war started before long, crackdowns on communism and socialism were strengthened, and liberalism also oppressed.
Japanese: やがて日中戦争が始まると、共産主義・社会主義への弾圧が強まり、自由主義も弾圧された。
English: Japan which was isolated from the world started the Pacific War with the Attack on Pearl Harbor, participated in World War II, and controlled food and resources for national warfare.
Japanese: 世界から孤立した日本は真珠湾攻撃により太平洋戦争を開戦し、第二次世界大戦に参戦、国家総力戦のため食料や資源が統制された。
English: At the end of the Pacific War, Japan suffered serious shortages of food and supplies due to sea blockades and air raids by allied nations, and a labor shortage because of the military draft of men in their most productive years.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争末期には、連合国の海上封鎖と空襲、働き盛りの男性が徴兵されたことによる労働力不足のために、日本は深刻な食糧難と物資不足に見舞われることになる。
English: When Japan surrendered by accepting the Potsdam Declaration, and was occupied by the Allied Forces consisting predominantly of the United States of America, the exclusion, disorganization and banishment of peerage, arming and militarism, and the democratization of industries and the economy were promoted.
Japanese: ポツダム宣言を受け入れて降伏し、アメリカ合衆国が主体とする連合国軍に占領されると、華族、武装及び軍国主義の排除・解体・追放と産業・経済の民主化が進められた。
English: Withdrawals from former colonies and demobilization from the front proceeded, and Japanese people were forced to lead a rough life for a while after the war.
Japanese: 旧植民地からの引き上げや戦地からの復員が進み、日本人は戦後しばらくの間は苦しい生活を強いられた。
English: The American modern culture was longed for by Japanese people after the war, and Japan has accomplished drastic industrialization and urbanization through a high economic growth.
Japanese: 戦後はアメリカの近代文化が国民の憧れとなり、高度経済成長により日本は飛躍的な工業化と都市化を遂げる。
English: In association with this, a conventional lifestyle has changed drastically, and many of the traditional customs were lost.
Japanese: これに伴い従来の生活習慣は革命的な変化をとげ、伝統的な生活習慣の多くが失われていった。
English: While accepting American modern culture, Japan digested and transformed it into an original and Japanese style, and created various and rich food cultures, and a new Japanese culture typified by animation and Japanese comics.
Japanese: アメリカの近代的な文化を受け入れながら、独自の日本的な形に消化し、多彩で豊かな食文化、アニメや日本の漫画などをはじめとする新しい日本の文化が生まれた。
English: Japan which became a major economic power following the United States of America regained self-confidence, and in the Osaka Expo in 1970, a slogan, 'Progress and Harmony of Mankind,' was set out.
Japanese: アメリカに次ぐ経済大国となった日本は自信を回復し、1970年の大阪万博では「人類の進歩と調和」が謳いあげられた。
English: In various countries excluding countries in East Asia, only a part of the traditional cultures such as 'samurai,' 'geisha,' etc. were known as Japanese culture until recently.
Japanese: 東アジアを除く諸外国では、近年にいたるまでもっぱら「サムライ」「ゲイシャ」などの一部の伝統的な文物が日本文化として知られていた。
English: However, in and after the 1990s, the number of people having an interest in Japanese modern and popular culture and subculture has also increased in various countries.
Japanese: しかし、1990年代以降、諸外国にも現代的な日本の大衆文化やサブカルチャーに興味を持つ人々が増えてきた。
English: In particular, fields such as computer games, animations, and comics, and a food culture have penetrated urban areas of Western and Asian countries, and as a result, related shops and facilities (Sushi Bars and comic shops) came to be established.
Japanese: 特にコンピュータゲームやアニメ、漫画などのコンテンツ分野、食文化は欧米やアジアの都市部に浸透し、それらに関する店や施設（寿司バーや漫画ショップ）ができるまでになってきている。
English: Since recorded history, the Japanese culture which has belonged to Chinese culture has had aspects of imported culture and translated culture, and has actively ingested foreign cultures, and Japan has formed its original culture by fusing such foreign cultures with conventional culture, and Japanizing fused cultures.
Japanese: 日本文化は有史以来、中国文化圏に属し輸入文化・翻訳文化の側面を持ち、積極的に外国の文化を摂取し、これを在来の文化と融合して日本化することで独自の文化を形成してきた。
English: However, differently from the Republic of Korea and Vietnam which also received a profound influence from Chinese culture, Japan has never been politically controlled by Chinese dynasties and the Yuan which had conquered China.
Japanese: しかし、同じく中国文化の絶大な影響を受けた大韓民国・ベトナムと異なり、政治的には中国の諸王朝や中国を征服した元(王朝)の支配に入ったことは一度もなかった。
English: Although Japan discontinued exchanges with foreign countries in the Heian period and in the Edo period, one characteristic is that a culture specific to Japan was prominently matured in these periods.
Japanese: 平安時代と江戸時代に日本は外国との交流を絶ったが、この時期に日本独自の文化が顕著に熟成されたという特徴がある。
English: In the era when the strong Tang-Dynasty of the Chinese Empire was prosperous, nobles established the Tenpyo culture modeled on Chinese culture, and an advanced culture learned by scholars sent to China became the standard for policies.
Japanese: 強大な中華帝国唐が盛んな時代には、貴族は中国文化を模範とした天平文化を築き、留学生が学んできた先進文化が政策上の規範になった。
English: After envoys to Tang China were suspended, the 'native Japanese culture' arose, but the center of culture until this time were nobility and temples.
Japanese: 遣唐使が中止された後は「国風文化」が興ったが、この時期までの文化の中心は貴族と寺院であった。
English: The trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China was implemented during a period from the Taira clan government in the late Heian period to the Kamakura period, and Chinese culture such as vegetarian dishes and literati painting were imported along with Kamakura Bukkyo (new Buddhist movements of the Kamakura period).
Japanese: 平安末期の平氏政権期から鎌倉時代にかけて日宋貿易が行われ、鎌倉仏教とともに精進料理や文人画などの中国文化が流れ込んだ。
English: Many of the subsequent Japanese traditional cultures were also descended from products of culture imported from the Sung in this period.
Japanese: その後の日本の伝統文化にもこの時期に宋から取り入れられた文物の流れをくむものが多い。
English: In the Kamakura period, a samurai culture rose suddenly into power mainly in Kanto as a culture comparable to the dynastic culture in Kyoto.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代には関東を中心にした武士の文化が京都の王朝文化と並び立つものとして勃興する。
English: In the Muromachi period, Chinese culture continued to be brought in by the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China, and textiles, earthenware, and calligraphic works and paintings which were imported during this time fed into techniques of traditional crafts remaining in the modern age.
Japanese: 室町時代には日明貿易によって引き続き中国文化が持ち込まれ、この時期に輸入された織物や陶器、書画などは、現代に残る伝統工芸品の技術に流れ込んでいる。
English: During the period from the Muromachi period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, a localized culture was born in various regions by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
Japanese: 室町時代から安土桃山時代には、戦国大名により各地に地方色豊かな文化が生まれた。
English: In the Edo period, exchanges with China continued through Nagasaki even in the state of national isolation, and strong trends to admire China remained among Confucian scholars.
Japanese: 江戸時代、鎖国の世にも長崎を通じて中国との交流は続き、儒学者などの間には中国崇拝の風潮が強く残っていた。
English: However, due to a movement from awareness of the originality of Japan to return to traditions, studies including the study of Japanese classical literature also arose.
Japanese: 一方では日本の独自性への自覚から伝統への回帰として国学などの学問も興った。
English: The Edo period was the time when a townsmen culture was prosperous mainly in the three big cities of Edo, Kyoto and Osaka.
Japanese: また、江戸時代は江戸・京都・大坂の3大都市を中心に町人の文化が栄えた時期である。
English: Thereafter, modern Japanese culture had a time of great transformation twice in the Meiji Restoration and the period of allied nations' occupation.
Japanese: その後、近代日本の文化は、明治維新と連合国占領時代の2度、大転換期を迎えた。
English: Traditional cultures imaged by present-day Japanese people contain cultures which were born after the Meiji period (e.g. a wedding with Shinto rites) and originated from commonly-called foreign cultures (e.g. legend that "a stork brings a baby"; this is a European folktale, but is established regionally even in Japan).
Japanese: われわれ現在の日本人がイメージする伝統的文化にも明治以降に生まれたもの（例：神前結婚）や俗に言う外国文化であるもの（例：“コウノトリが赤ちゃんを運ぶ”という伝説。これはヨーロッパの民話であるが、日本でも地域的に定着している）も多い。
English: In the period 'from the Meiji Restoration to the surrender in World War II,' how to take a Japanese identity before the overwhelming civilization and advanced culture of Western countries was an issue under the international environment where imperialistic countries unfolded captures of colonies.
Japanese: 「明治維新以降-第二次世界大戦降伏まで」の時代には、帝国主義国が植民地争奪を繰り広げる国際環境の中、西洋の圧倒的な文明と先進文化を前に日本のアイデンティティをどう捉えるかが課題であった。
English: A movement to actively accept products of western culture for strengthening Japan (thought of leaving Asia) and a movement to strengthen traditions for independence (nationalism) coexisted, and Japan sometimes leaned toward an extreme worship of the West or toward exclusion of foreign countries.
Japanese: 日本を強国にするため積極的に西洋の文物を取り入れようとする動き（脱亜思想）と、独立のために伝統を強調しようとする動き（国粋主義）の両者が存在し、時には極端な西洋崇拝になったり、逆に外国を排斥するようになったりもした。
English: Although an imminent crisis had gone (has lessened) after World War II, both movements are considered to continue.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後は、差し迫った危機感が去った（薄れた）ものの、両者の動きは続いていると見られる。
English: Many theories of Japanese culture and theories of Japanese people which focus on the concept considered to give the Japanese culture or Japanese people a distinction are also proposed (refer to the section of theory of Japanese people).
Japanese: 日本文化、あるいは日本人を特徴づけると考えられる概念を中心にした日本文化論・日本人論も多く提唱されている（日本人論の項目を参照）。
English: The first thing attracting European people's attention to the Japanese culture were arts such as Ukiyoe.
Japanese: 日本文化がヨーロッパでまず注目されたのは浮世絵などの美術品であった。
English: Thereafter, Japan has succeeded in modernization for the first time as a non-European country, and the world showed a keen interest in Japan which won the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo Wars.
Japanese: その後、非ヨーロッパ国として初めて近代化に成功し、日清・日露戦争に勝利した日本に対して世界的な関心も高まった。
English: Especially in the European and American block, the culture of 'Japan' as imagined by foreign people was likely to be exaggerated in some part or being mixed with China and being stereotyped, due to curiosity (exoticism) about a culture of which the ancestry was completely different from that of Christian culture, and many 'perception biases' from the Japanese viewpoint were seen (even now, there are many foreign travelers who are surprised to know that Japan has no 'ninja' (professional spy in feudal Japan highly trained in stealth and secrecy)).
Japanese: 外国からイメージされた「日本」の文化は、特に欧米圏では、キリスト教文化とは全く系統の異なる文化への好奇心（エキゾチズム）から、ある一面が誇張され、あるいは中国などと混同され、ステロタイプ（ステレオタイプ、紋切り型）化されて伝わる傾向があり、日本人から見れば「偏った認識」と思われるものが多く見受けられた（現在でも、日本に「忍者」がいないので驚いたという外国人旅行者は少なからずいる）。
English: However, Japanese products, contents, computer games, animations, comics and J-POP (Japanese pop music) have drawn attention in foreign countries recently, and more foreign people have an image of 'Japan' different from that in the past.
Japanese: しかし近年では、日本製品やコンテンツ、コンピュータゲーム、アニメや漫画、J-POPなどが海外で注目され、今までとは違った「日本」のイメージを持つ者も増えてきている。
English: In Hollywood movies, there are movements to make works which really draw the real Japan, remaking Japanese movies and using Japanese directors.
Japanese: ハリウッド映画にも、本気で日本を描こうとする作品が作られたり、日本映画をリメイクしたり、日本人監督を起用するなどの動きが見られる。
English: At the end of the 19th century, Japanese arts such as Ukiyoe and Rinpa school influenced impressionists and art nouveau.
Japanese: -19世紀末、浮世絵・琳派などの日本美術が印象派やアール・ヌーボーに影響を与えた。
English: Reports by people visiting Japan in the Meiji period after opening the country to the world, insistences of people visiting Europe, and impressions and understanding spread as a result of seeing Japan which won the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo Wars
Japanese: -明治期の開国で訪日した人の報告・訪欧した人の主張や、日清・日露戦争に勝利した日本を見て広まった印象・把握。
English: ("The 'economic animal' was a compliment - misunderstanding and mistranslation in modern contemporary history" written by Toshiyuki TAGA)
Japanese: （『「エコノミック・アニマル」は褒め言葉だった―誤解と誤訳の近現代史』多賀敏行著））
English: The Mario series, the Legend of Zelda series, the Sonic series and FINAL FANTASY series exploded in popularity.
Japanese: -マリオシリーズ、ゼルダの伝説シリーズ、ソニックシリーズ、ファイナルファンタジーシリーズなどが爆発的人気となる。
English: Japanese original movements such as Ura-Harajuku kei (the back of Harajuku style), Lolita fashion (fashion style characterized by frilly dresses, knee socks and bonnets), Gal's Fashion style, etc.
Japanese: 裏原宿系、ロリータ・ファッション、ギャルファッション・スタイルなどの日本独自のムーブメント。
English: The term or concept 'Kawaii' indicating a good impression, preferably an image or posture aimed at expanding to other countries in around 2005 (as an example in other countries, 'cool' has the same meaning or concept in the United States of America).
Japanese: -いい印象、好ましいイメージ、目指したい姿像を表す言葉・概念「カワイイ」が、2005年頃、海外に広がりを見せる（他の国の例では、たとえばアメリカの同様の言葉・概念に「cool」がある）。
English: Wangari Maathai, ecologist, was impressed with this word, and spread the MOTTAINAI Campaign around the world.
Japanese: 環境保護活動家ワンガリ・マータイが感銘して世界にMOTTAINAI運動を広める。
English: Momotaro (The Peach Boy), Kintaro (The Golden Boy), Urashimataro, Hanasaka-jiisan (The Old Man Who Made Flowers Blossom), Sarukanigassen (The Crab and the Monkey), Issun boshi (The Inchi-High Samurai), Shitakiri-suzume (The Tongue-Cut Sparrow), Tsuru-no-Ongaeshi (The Grateful Crane), Kasajizo (The Ksitigarbha Wearing Sedge Hats), Omusubikororin (The Runaway Riceball), and Urikohime-to-Amanojaku (The Urikohime and Perverse Person)
Japanese: 桃太郎、金太郎、浦島太郎、花さかじいさん、さるかに合戦、一寸法師、舌切り雀、鶴の恩返し、かさじぞう、おむすびころりん、うりこひめとあまのじゃく
English: Some of the scary stories and Kaidan are contained in various categories of literature such as kodan story, play, etc.
Japanese: 怖い話・怪談の中には、講談、芝居など様々な文学ジャンルで採り上げられているものがある。
English: Hyakumonogatari (roughly "100 Stories"), Sarayashiki (The Dish Mansion) (Banshu Sarayashiki (The Dish Mansion in Banshu), Ban-cho Sarayashiki (The Dish Mansion in Ban-cho)), Yotsuya Kaidan (Yotsuya Ghost Stories) (Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan (Tokaido Yotsuya Ghost Stories)), and ghost stories contained in "Kaidan" written by Yakumo KOIZUMI such as Azukitogi (The Azuki Bean Grinding), Miminashi Hoichi (Hoichi the Earless), Yuki Onna (The Snow Woman), Botan Doro (A Tale of the Peony Lamp), Oitekebori, Hattanbo and Nabeshimahan-no-Bakeneko Sodo (The Monster Cat Riot at Nabeshima Domain)
Japanese: 百物語、皿屋敷（播州皿屋敷、番町皿屋敷など）、四谷怪談（東海道四谷怪談など）、小泉八雲『怪談』所蔵：小豆とぎ・耳無し芳一・雪女、牡丹灯籠（灯篭）、おいてけ堀、八反坊、鍋島藩の化け猫騒動
English: Accessories such as magadama (a comma-shaped bead) found in the old remains of the Jomon period, and three sacred imperial treasures (magadama and mirror) appearing in the Japanese Mythology showed that clothing accessories including clothes of an early date had meanings of authority and magic.
Japanese: 古く縄文時代の遺跡から見つかる勾玉などのアクセサリー、日本神話に見られる三種の神器（勾玉・鏡）などから初期の衣類を含めた身体装飾には権威的・呪術的な意味があったと考えられている。