nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Similarly, it often excludes Mt. Nyoigadake to the east of Mt. Daimonji, whose top is hard to be identified from the central Kyoto.
Japanese: また大文字山の東にあり京都市街地から頂を確認することが難しい如意ヶ岳も含まれないことが多い。
English: Although the name 'Higashiyama' had been used in ancient time of the Heian period, it became popular since the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 「東山」の呼称は古くは平安時代にも用いられたことがあるが、一般的になったのは室町時代以降である。
English: Mountains in Higashiyama are often collectively called as 'Higashiyama Sanju-Roppo' (36 mountain range).
Japanese: 東山の山々を総称して、「東山三十六峰」（ひがしやまさんじゅうろっぽう）とも呼ばれる。
English: When the name was first invented, it apparently did not point to the specific 36 mountains, but just expressed an impression that there were a chain of gently sloping mountains in the east viewed from the Rakuchu (inside the capital Kyoto), which could be seen as roughly 36 of them.
Japanese: 言葉の成立当初は、具体的に36の峰を擁するという意味ではなく、なだらかに連なる東山の山々を洛中から見て、おおよそ三十六ほどは連なっていようかと例えられたものであろう。
English: The fact that Sanyo RAI, a scholar of the late Edo period, who was well-known for his fondness for the landscape of Higashiyama, called himself 'Sanju-Roppo Gaishi' implies that the notion of 'Sanju-Roppo' presumably became common around the Edo period.
Japanese: 江戸時代後期の学者であり、東山の景観を好んだことで知られる頼山陽が、自らを「三十六峯外史」と号していたことからも、江戸時代頃には「三十六峰」の考えが知られていたものと推測される。
English: The word 'Higashiyama Sanju-Roppo' can be found in 'Karaku meisho zue' (a guidebook on some scenic beauty) compiled in the end of Edo period, which was apparently the oldest material that exists today denoting that word.
Japanese: 江戸時代末期の「花洛名勝圖會」では、「東山三十六峰」の言葉を見ることができ、これが「東山三十六峰」という言葉を記した、現存する史料としては最古のものとされる。
English: This 'Karaku meisho zue' states that 'the exact names of those 36 mountains are unclear,' indicating that the 'Sanju-Roppo' did not actually point to the specific mountains.
Japanese: この「花洛名勝圖會」には、「どの山々を指して三十六の峰と言っているのかは明らかではない」といった記述があり、「三十六峰」が具体的にどの山々を指しているのかまでは特定されていなかったようだ。
English: As mentioned above, before the Edo period it was generally believed that the 'Sanju-Roppo' were not specifically identified, however, there have been several attempts to identify them after the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 前述の通り、江戸時代以前には、「三十六峰」は具体的には特定されていなかったと考えられるが、近代以降、「三十六峰」を具体的に特定しようという試みも行われている。
English: The specific mountain names of 'Higashiyama Sanju-Roppo' were stated in 'Higashiyama National Forest Landscape Management Planning' compiled by Osaka District Forestry Office in 1936, which is regarded as an almost oldest material listing the specific 36 mountain names.
Japanese: 1936年の大阪営林局「東山国有林風致計画」においては、「東山三十六峰」の山名が具体的に記述されているが、これが、三十六の山名を羅列した史料としては、ほぼ最古のものであるとされる。
English: However, the mountain names listed here were just copied from statements of 'Yamakawamon' in 'Yoshufushi' (a geographical description of Yamashiro Province), compiled in the early Edo period, thus many of those names are inconsistent with the reality.
Japanese: しかし、ここで名前の挙げられている山名は、江戸時代前期に記された「雍州府志」における「山川門」の記述を踏襲したものにすぎず、実状にそぐわないものも少なくなかった。
English: Subsequently, an article identifying 'the 36 mountains' was serialized in Kyoto Shinbun Newspaper in 1956.
Japanese: その後、1956年の京都新聞において、「三十六峰」を具体的に特定した記事が連載されることとなった。
English: Since then, in many cases, publications including books would assume 'the 36 mountains' selected by this article as 'Higashiyama Sanju-Roppo.'
Japanese: 以降に刊行された書籍などでは、この連載記事により選定された「三十六峰」をもって「東山三十六峰」とすることが多い。
English: The respective selections of 36 mountains by 'Higashiyama National Forest Landscape Management Planning' and the article of Kyoto Shinbun Newspaper were partly inconsistent, and today, some of those mountains cannot be confirmed to have enough height of peaks deserved to be called 'a mountain.'
Japanese: 「東山国有林風致計画」の選定、京都新聞の連載記事による選定では、両者で一部異なった山の名前が挙げられており、また、現在では「山」と呼ぶに値する頂の確認できないものもある。
English: Note that the name 'Higashiyama Sanju-Roppo' does not include such mountains as Mt. Kazan and Mt. Rokujo, which are able to confirm from Yamashina Basin, but are difficult to identify their peaks from Kyoto City urban area.
Japanese: 「東山三十六峰」という呼称を使う場合、山科盆地からは確認できるが、京都市街地から頂を確認することが難しい花山、六条山といった山は三十六の峰に含まれないことに留意。
English: Higashiyama mountains had been formed by upheavals due to activities of some faults including Hanaori Fault, Shishigatani Fault, and Momoyama Fault.
Japanese: 東山は花折断層、鹿ヶ谷断層、桃山断層などの断層の活動により隆起してできた山である。
English: Although the body of the mountains mainly consist of sedimentary rocks, granite intrusions can be found in areas around Kyoto and Shiga Prefectural Road 30 Shimogamo-Otsu Line between Mt. Hiei and Mt. Daimonji.
Japanese: 山体は主に堆積岩からなるが、比叡山と大文字山の間の京都府道・滋賀県道30号下鴨大津線付近では花崗岩が貫入している。
English: Due to this intrusion, the soil around the peaks of Mt. Hiei and Mt. Daimonji on both sides of the road has transformed into metamorphic rocks, or hornfels.
Japanese: この貫入により、その両側の比叡山と大文字山の山頂付近は変成岩のホルンフェルスとなった。
English: Since hornfels are rigid and resistant to weathering, these two mountains are higher than other Higashiyama mountains and thus conspicuous.
Japanese: ホルンフェルスは硬く風化しにくいため、これらの山は東山の中でも高く目立っている。
English: Also, the Shira-kawa River (the Yodo-gawa River system) flowing from the mountain pass of Yamanakagoe was so named, meaning a white river, because white sands of weathered granite make the river look white.
Japanese: また山中越の峠から発する白川(淀川水系)は、花崗岩が風化してできた白砂によって白く見えるためこの名がついた。
English: Among them are Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine and Kiyomizu-dera Temple, both of which have older history than Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).
Japanese: その中には伏見稲荷大社、清水寺のように平安京よりも古い歴史をもつものもある。
English: Also, this area on the foot of the mountains were health resort catering to the Imperial family, nobility and samurai in Kyoto from the Heian period to the modern times.
Japanese: また山麓は平安時代から近代にかけて、京都の皇族・貴族や武士の保養地であった。
English: Today, in addition to the scenic beauty of Higashiyama mountain range, these temples and shrines with their gardens have become popular tourist spots.
Japanese: 現代ではこれらの寺社・庭園が、東山の景観とともに観光客の人気を集めている。
English: In order to head to Yamashina Basin and Omi Basin district to the east of Kyoto, one has to cross over Higashiyama mountain range.
Japanese: 京都から東の山科盆地・近江盆地方面へ向かうには東山を越えなければならない。
English: Yamanakagoe, passing through between Mt. Uryu and Mt. Daimonji, runs from Kita-shirakawa, Sakyo Ward to Shiga, Otsu City.
Japanese: 左京区北白川から、瓜生山と大文字山の間の山中越を経て、大津市の志賀に至る。
English: There are residential areas at Hieidaira along the road, which branches into Hieizan Driveway heading toward the top of Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 途中に比叡平の住宅地があり、比叡山頂に向かう比叡山ドライブウェイが分岐する。
English: In the past, Keihan Keishin Line ran on Sanjo-dori Street (for the part of mountain pass, a special track on the southern side adjacent to Sanjo-dori Street was used).
Japanese: かつては京阪京津線が三条通の路上（峠の部分は三条通に接した南側の専用軌道上）を走っていた。
English: National Route 1 (Gojo-dori Street), Tokaido Main Line, and Tokaido Shinkansen all go through Higashiyama via tunnels from southern part of Higashiyama Ward.
Japanese: 国道1号（五条通）、東海道本線、東海道新幹線はいずれも東山区南部からトンネルで東山を抜ける。
English: The National Route 1 Higashiyama Tunnel overlaps with Shibutani-kaido Road (Kyoto Prefectural Road 116 Shibutani-Yamashina Teishajo Line).
Japanese: 国道1号東山トンネルは渋谷街道（京都府道116号渋谷山科停車場線）と重複している。
English: The pedestrian tunnel to the north of National Route 1 Higashiyama Tunnel is former Shibutani-kaido Tunnel (also known as Kazan Tunnel).
Japanese: 国道1号東山トンネルの北側にある歩行者用トンネルがかつての渋谷街道のトンネル（花山トンネル）である。
English: This route runs from Kamogawa Higashi Interchange in Fukakusa, Fushimi Ward via Inariyama Tunnel (Kyoto Prefecture) to Yamashina Interchange in Nishinoyama, Yamashina Ward.
Japanese: 伏見区深草の鴨川東出入口から、稲荷山トンネル(京都府)を経て山科区西野山の山科出入口に至る。
English: Meishin Expressway runs through Oiwa-kaido Road (Shiga and Kyoto Prefectural Road 35 Otsu-Yodo Line) to the south of Mt. Inari to enter Yamashina Basin.
Japanese: 名神高速道路は稲荷山の南、大岩街道（滋賀県道・京都府道35号大津淀線）を通って山科盆地に入っている。
English: Sanin Kaigan National Park is a designated national park that stretches 75 km along the coast of Japan facing the Japan Sea and the park runs along the Amino Coast in the Tango region, Kyoto Prefecture, Tajima-mihonoura Inlet in Hyogo Prefecture, and Tottori-sakyu Sand Dunes in eastern Tottori Prefecture.
Japanese: 山陰海岸国立公園（さんいんかいがんこくりつこうえん）は、京都府丹後の網野海岸から兵庫県の但馬御火浦を経て鳥取県東部の鳥取砂丘までの日本海に面する75kmの海岸線を中心とする日本の国立公園である。
English: Sengan-matsushima Rock, Natanejima Island, Natanegoto Islands, Sengan-matsushima Rock, Ryujin Cave, Kannon-ura Inlet, Nishihoraijima Island, Tarobejima Island, Kamogaiso Rocky Shore, Kurojima Island (黒島), Oshiroi-no-dangai Cliff, Mizushiri Sea Cave, Rakudajima Island, Ishigakijima Island, Iwatsubame Sea Cave
Japanese: -千貫松島、菜種島、菜種五島、千貫松島、竜神洞、観音浦、西蓬莱島、太郎兵衛島、鴨ヶ磯海岸、黒島、白粉の断崖、水尻洞門、駱駝島、石垣島、岩燕洞門
English: Oburijima Island, Higashi no Domon Rock Cave, Yajogahana Cape, Hamasaka Kenmin San Beach (designated as Japan's 100 Best Beaches with White Sand and Blue Pine)
Japanese: -大振島、東の洞門、矢城ヶ鼻、浜坂県民サンビーチ（日本の白砂青松100選）
English: Kimon-zaki Cape, Ryugu Domon Rock Cave, Tsuten-domon Rock Cave, Mio no Matsushima Island and Mio oshima Island (famous for basalt columnar joint), Juji Domon Rock Cave, Shitaara Domon Rock Cave, Nokogiri-misaki Cape, Asahi-domon Rock Cave, Tsurigane-domon Rock Cave (the world's largest cave, a state's designated natural monument), Isasa-zaki Cape
Japanese: -鬼門崎、龍宮洞門、通天洞門、三尾ノ松島・三尾大島（玄武岩柱状節理の島）、十字洞門、下荒洞門、鋸岬、旭洞門、釣鐘洞門（世界最大の洞門、国指定天然記念物）、伊笹崎
English: Yoroi-no-sode (literally, sleeve of armor) Sea Cliff (designated as a state's natural monument, featuring 65-meter-high and 200-meter-long columnar joint), Kyodai Akajima Island, Tajima-Matsushima Island, Kasumi Beach, Shiraishijima Island, Kurojima Island (黒島)
Japanese: -鎧の袖(国指定天然記念物。200mにわたる高さ65mの柱状節理の海蝕断崖),兄弟赤島,但馬松島,香住浜,白石島,黒島
English: Hamasui Swimming Beach, Yodo no domon Sea Cave, Kirihama Beach, Hasakari Rock, Benten Hama Swimming Beach, Neko Zaki Cape, Takenohama Beach (designated as Japan's 100 Most Beautiful Beaches), Kanmuri-jima Island
Japanese: -浜須井、淀の洞門、切浜、はさかり岩、弁天浜、猫崎、竹野浜（日本の渚100選）、冠島
English: Shochiku Kyoto Studio is a film production studio owned by a company Shochiku, which located in Kyoto City from Taisho to Showa periods.
Japanese: 松竹京都撮影所（しょうちくきょうとさつえいじょ）は、大正から昭和にかけて京都市にあった松竹の映画スタジオ。
English: It had been located in Shimogamo (Sakyo Ward) from 1923 to 1952, and in Uzumasa from 1952 to 1965.
Japanese: 1923年から1952年までは下鴨（左京区）、1952年から1965年までは太秦にあった。
English: As soon as its opening, contemporary dramas were temporarily filmed here since Kamata Studio was badly damaged by The Great Kanto Earthquake.
Japanese: 開設してすぐ、関東大震災で壊滅した蒲田から一時現代劇の撮影が移転してきた。
English: The film "Chigo no kenpo" (swordsmanship of a young man) whose main character was performed by Chojiro HAYASHI (the future Kazuo HASEGAWA) became a mega hit in 1927.
Japanese: 1927年、林長二郎（後の長谷川一夫）の『稚児の剱法』が爆発的ヒット。
English: Those historical dramas including "Yukinojo henge" (Yukinojo's revenge) and "Zangiku Monogatari" (A story of a late-flowering chrysanthemum) which had so-called 'Shimogamo Color' were extremely popular in those days.
Japanese: 『雪之丞変化』、『残菊物語』など「下加茂カラー」と呼ばれる時代劇で一世を風靡した。
English: In 1952, Shochiku handed over the Shimogamo Studio to its subsidiary Kyoto Eiga (current Shochiku Kyoto Eiga) and it transferred its Studio to Uzumasa.
Japanese: 1952年、子会社の京都映画（現在の松竹京都映画）に下加茂撮影所を譲って太秦に移転した。
English: Since it was transferred to Uzumasa, films such as "Hana no shogai" (the life of flowers) directed by Tatsuyasu OSONE, "Seido no kirisuto" (the bronze Christ) directed by Minoru SHIBUYA, and "Seppuku" directed by Masaki KOBAYASHI had been produced, however the film industry went into its twilight years and it was finally closed down in 1965.
Japanese: 太秦に移転してからは大曽根辰保監督による『花の生涯』、渋谷実監督の『青銅の基督』、小林正樹監督の、『切腹』などが撮影されたが映画産業の斜陽化により、1965年に閉鎖された。
English: Kyoto Prefecture can be divided into three provinces, that is, Tango, Tanba (including a part of present Hyogo Prefecture), and Yamashiro, by former province system, however, the southern region of Kyoto Prefecture has roughly five definitions as follows.
Japanese: 京都府は旧国制度で丹後国、丹波国（一部兵庫県を含む）、山城国の3つに分けられるがその中で京都府南部地域（きょうとふなんぶちいき）とは大まかに、次の5つの定義がなされる場合が多い。
English: 1. Yamashiro Province and the southern part of Tanba Province, which roughly includes Funai County, Nantan City, Kameoka City, Kyoto City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County, Kizugawa City, and Sora County (this definition is used for weather forcast as the southern region of Kyoto Prefecture, and for Yamato Transport Co., Ltd. as the territory of Kyoto Terminal [the northern region is of Kobe Terminal in Hyogo Prefecture]).
Japanese: 山城国並びに丹波国の南部、大まかに船井郡、南丹市、亀岡市、京都市、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、木津川市、相楽郡（天気予報での京都府南部。ヤマト運輸も以上を京都ターミナル管轄と扱う(北部は兵庫県の神戸ターミナル管轄)）。
English: 2. Among the definition 1, area of the Yodo-gawa water system (which water could end up in Osaka Bay through the Yodo-gawa River) which includes Nantan City (excluding former Miyama Town, Kyoto Prefecture), Kameoka City, Kyoto City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County.
Japanese: 1のうち淀川水系（水を流せば淀川を通じ大阪湾に流れる地域）の南丹市（旧美山町(京都府)を除く）、亀岡市、京都市、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡。
English: 3．Yamashiro Province, which includes Kyoto City (excluding former Keihoku Town), Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County among the region in Definition 2.
Japanese: 山城国：2のうち京都市（旧京北町を除く）、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡
English: Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County.
Japanese: -向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡
English: Because Kyoto City, the virtual center of the politic and economic, is located in the middle of the central and the southern part of the Prefecture and occupies 55 percent of the population, the Definition 4 or 5 is often used.
Japanese: 京都市が事実上京都府の政治経済の中心であり、中部と南部の中間点にあり、人口の55%をしめるので、4もしくは5をさす場合が多い。
English: However, because the region in Definition 4 is under the control of Yamashiro Wide-area Promotion Bureau of Kyoto Prefecture and Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, and Otokuni County among that region often regarded as a part of Kyoto City geographically and economically, therefore, the region in Definition 5 in Yamashiro area is often regarded as southern region of Kyoto Prefecture in a narrow sense.
Japanese: しかし、4は京都府の山城広域振興局の管内地域であり、その中の向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡は地勢上も、経済上も京都市と一体にされることが多く、5の山城地区を狭義の京都府南部地域として扱われることが多い。
English: Urajiro-toge Pass is a pass located between Koga City in Shiga Prefecture and Ujitawara Town in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 裏白峠（うらじろとうげ）は滋賀県甲賀市と京都府宇治田原町の間にある峠。
English: It is an old road of Route 307 and it required early improvement since it was a traffic choke point which had continuous steep slopes and sharp curves.
Japanese: 国道307号の旧道であり、急勾配・急カーブが連続する交通の難所のため早期の改良が望まれていた。
English: However, the traffic bottleneck was relieved after the opening of new bypass which was approximately 2km including Chaya Tunnel (390m in length).
Japanese: しかし、茶屋トンネル（L＝390m）を含む約2kmバイパス道路の開通により、交通ネック区間が解消された。
English: Osaka Metropolitan Area is a name used to describe the economic area centered on Osaka city, expanding to its surrounding satellite cities.
Japanese: 大阪都市圏（おおさかとしけん）は、大阪府大阪市を中心とする経済地域で、大阪市と周辺の衛星都市とをまとめて指す呼び名である。
English: The central region of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least ten percent of the suburban population commutes to the central city) includes the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma and Moriguchi.
Japanese: 都市雇用圏（10%通勤圏）の中心部には大阪市のほか、東大阪市・門真市・守口市が含まれる。
English: The Urban Employment Area centered on Osaka City expands to include the prefectures of Nara, Hyogo, Kyoto, Wakayama, and Mie and has a population of approximately 12,120,000 (in 2000), forming the second largest metropolitan area in Japan.
Japanese: 大阪市を中心とする都市雇用圏は、奈良県、兵庫県、京都府、和歌山県、三重県におよび、約1212万人（2000年）の人口を擁する日本第2位の都市圏を形成している。
English: With an excess inflow into Osaka City of population of 1,070,000, the daytime population is 3,660,000, which is higher than the daytime population of Yokohama City.
Japanese: 大阪市への流入超過人口は107万人であり、昼間人口は366万人となって、横浜市の昼間人口を越える。
English: Since the cities of Kyoto, Kobe, Himeji and Wakayama, which surround Osaka, respectively function as a center and attract commuters going to work and school so that their daytime populations exceed their nighttime populations, they are taken to individually form metropolitan areas.
Japanese: 大阪市の周辺を見ると、京都市・神戸市・姫路市・和歌山市がそれぞれ中心機能を持って通勤・通学者を求心し、各々昼間人口が常住人口を越えているため、個別の都市圏を形成していると見なされている（）。
English: Since Osaka City is much more advanced in terms of business facilities, however, these other cities or metropolitan areas are sometimes seen as satellite cities or metropolitan areas.
Japanese: ただし、業務機能は大阪が飛び抜けているため、これらの都市や都市圏は、衛星都市あるいは衛星都市圏と見ることもある。
English: The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications defined these cities as a combined urban area, and established the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe (or Keihanshin) Metropolitan Area, with these cities as the central cities.
Japanese: そのような連結した都市圏と見なす総務省の定義では、大阪市・京都市・神戸市を中心市とした都市圏(総務省)が設定され、京阪神大都市圏と名付けられている。
English: The population of Keihanshin Metropolitan Area is 18,643,915 (2000 census), and is considered one of Three Major Metropolitan Areas and one of Seven Greater Urban Areas as well as one of the top ten metropolitan areas in the world (as ranked by population).
Japanese: 京阪神大都市圏は、人口が1864万3915人（2000年国勢調査）を抱え、三大都市圏あるいは七大都市圏の1つとされる一方、世界で十指に入る大都市圏でもある（世界の都市圏人口の順位）。
English: Based on 'the number of employees and students over the age of fifteen, according to permanent residence and destination' from the 2000 national census, the population of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city), centered on the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma, and Moriguchi, is 12,120,000.
Japanese: 2000年（平成12年）国勢調査「常住地による従業・通学市区町村別15歳以上就業者及び15歳以上通学者数」に基づいた、大阪市・東大阪市・門真市・守口市を中心市とする都市雇用圏（10%通勤圏）の人口は約1212万人。
English: In those cities, the municipality with the highest commuting rate is Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture at 47.6 percent, while the lowest is Tenri City of Nara Prefecture at 10 percent.
Japanese: その中で通勤率が最も高い自治体は奈良県生駒市の47.6%であり、最も低い自治体は奈良県天理市の10.0%である。
English: Municipalities not included in 'the areas where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city' are shown in gray with a mark ' - ' in the total column of each year.
Japanese: ※10%通勤圏に入っていない自治体は、各統計年の欄で灰色かつ「-」で示す。
English: On October 1, 1987, Sayama-cho, Minamikawachi-gun was reorganized into Osakasayama City.
Japanese: 1987年10月1日、南河内郡大阪狭山市が市制施行して大阪狭山市となった。
English: On April 1, 1999, Konda-cho, Sasayama-cho, Tannan-cho and Nishiki-cho of Taki-gun merged to become Sasayama City.
Japanese: 1999年4月1日、多紀郡今田町・篠山町・丹南町・西紀町の4町が合併して篠山市となった。
English: On October 1, 2004, Shinjo-cho and Taima-cho of Kitakatsuragi-gun merged to become Katsuragi City.
Japanese: 2004年10月1日、北葛城郡新庄町・當麻町の2町が合併して葛城市となった。
English: On November 1, 2004, Ueno City; Aoyama-cho town of Naga-gun; and Iga-cho town, Ayama-cho town, Oyamada-mura village, and Shimagahara-mura village of Ayama-gun in Mie Prefecture merged to become Iga City.
Japanese: 2004年11月1日、上野市、名賀郡青山町、阿山郡伊賀町・阿山町・大山田村(三重県)・島ヶ原村の1市3町1村が合併して伊賀市となった。
English: On April 1, 2005, Nara City annexed Tsuge-mura, Yamabe-gun and Tsukigase-mura, Soekami-gun.
Japanese: 2005年4月1日、奈良市が山辺郡都祁村、添上郡月ヶ瀬村を編入した。
English: On January 1, 2006, the towns of Haibara-cho, Ouda-cho, Utano-cho and the village of Muro-mura of Uda-gun merged to become Uda City
Japanese: 2006年1月1日、宇陀郡榛原町・室生村・大宇陀町・菟田野町の3町1村が合併して宇陀市となった。
English: On March 1, 2006, Hashimoto City, and Koyaguchi-cho town of Ito-gun were integrated to form Hashimoto City.
Japanese: 2006年3月1日、橋本市、伊都郡高野口町の1市1町が合併して橋本市となった。
English: On March 12, 2007, the three suburbs of Kizu-cho, Kamo-cho and Yamashiro-cho in Soraku-gun (Kyoto Prefecture) merged to become Kizugawa City.
Japanese: 2007年3月12日、相楽郡木津町・加茂町・山城町(京都府)の3町が合併して木津川市となった。
English: Maizuru urban area collectively means an economic zone surrounding Maizuru City.
Japanese: 舞鶴都市圏（まいづるとしけん）とは、舞鶴市を中心とした経済地域の総称。
English: It embraces Maizuru City, which is the core city of Kita Kinki (Northern Kinki) region in center, whole area of Oi County (also referred as Reinan) in Fukui Prefecture, a part of Ayabe City, a part of Miyazu City and so on.
Japanese: 北近畿の中心都市である舞鶴市を中核に、福井県（嶺南）大飯郡全域と綾部市、宮津市の一部などを含む。
English: Maizuru City, the center of the urban area, has a few educational institutes including high schools, that is only one national high school (Maizuru National College of Technology), two public schools, and one private school, and consequently the daytime population is not necessarily large in statistics.
Japanese: 都市圏の中心となるべき舞鶴市は高等学校等の教育機関が国立1校（舞鶴工業高等専門学校）、公立2校、私立1校と少ないため、統計上、昼間人口の吸収率は必ずしも高くない。
English: Still it is the center of administration and judicature since it holds Kyoto Prefecture Chutan wide area Promotion Bureau which controls Chutan region, Kyoto Prefecture, the only social insurance office in the north of Kyoto Prefecture, Kinki Finance Bureau, prosecution review commissions, and Kyoto District Court Maizuru Branch is the only court among four branches in north which handles cases judging by collegiate court system in the district court and juvenile delinquencies of family court.
Japanese: それでも京都府中丹地方を統括する京都府中丹広域振興局や府北部唯一の社会保険事務所や近畿財務局、検察審査会等が立地、また京都地方裁判所舞鶴支部は北部４支部のなかで唯一、地裁の合議事件、実裁の少年事件を受け持つなど行政・司法の中心地である。
English: In addition, there locates one of the large scale plants of Japan's leading heavy, thick, long and large industries such as shipbuilding and glass production, to make up Urban Employment Area (UEA).
Japanese: また造船・硝子といった日本でも有数の重厚長大産業の大規模工場も立地しており、雇用都市圏を形成している。
English: At the same time, as a medically advanced region, it has large hospitals, such as Maizuru Medical Center (former national Maizuru Hospital), Maizuru Kyosai Hospital, Maizuru Red Cross Hospital, Maizuru Municipal Hospital, and Self-Defense Forces Maizuru Hospital that result in a big population flow not only from the vicinity towns and villages but from a wide range of area on the routine basis.
Japanese: 同時に、医療先進地として舞鶴医療センター（旧国立舞鶴病院）・舞鶴共済病院・舞鶴赤十字病院・市立舞鶴市民病院・自衛隊病院などの大規模病院があり、日常的に近隣市町村のみならず広域からの人口流入が多い。
English: Characteristically, it also has Maizuru Port which is a naval as well as international trade port, and maritime organizations to control and supervise a wide area of the Sea of Japan such as Maritime Self-Defense Force Maizuru District Headquarters, Maizuru Ports Office of the Eighth Regional Coast Guard Headquarters, and Kinki Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
Japanese: なお、軍港及び国際貿易港たる舞鶴港を有し、海上自衛隊舞鶴地方総監部や第八管区海上保安本部、国土交通省舞鶴港湾事務所など日本海広域を指揮監督する海事機関があるのも特徴の1つである。
English: Maizuru City which is the center of the urban area has long been positioned as the central city for military and administration, and recently has been developing as a commercial city.
Japanese: 都市圏の中心地となる舞鶴市は長らく軍事・行政の中心都市としての位置づけられてきたが、近年においては商業都市としても発展しつつある。
English: As of 2008, large commercial centers have been built, including 'La Port' (open in 1995) which is the largest scale of general shopping center in Kita Kinki (floor space: 15,932 square meters), 'Bazaar Town Maizuru' (floor space: 11,874 square meters, open in 2000), and Sato, Maizuru (floor space: 7,703 square meters).
Japanese: 2008年現在、北近畿では最大規模（売場面積：15,932㎡）の総合ショッピングセンター「らぽーる」（平成7年開業）や「バザールタウン舞鶴」（同11,874㎡、平成12年開業）、さとう舞鶴店（同7,703㎡）などが大型商業施設が立地。
English: Also around the road commonly called 'Kyoto Prefectural Road 28 Kokura Nishi Maizuru Line' and National Route 27, numerous shops have been built, such as large suburban shopping centers including Best one (an appliance store) Maizuru store (floor space: 2,396 square meters, open in 1996), and 100 man volt (an appliance store in 3Q Group) Maizuru store (floor space: 1,589 square meters, open in 1996), and road-side stores including Yofuku no Aoyama (a men's clothing store, Aoyama Trading Co., Ltd.), Autobacs Seven Co., Ltd. (an auto-supply shop), and AKINDO SUSHIRO CO., LTD. (a sushi restaurant), and they also lead to an increase in a population flow from nearby including Fukui Prefecture and Tango region.
Japanese: また通称「京都府道28号小倉西舞鶴線」や国道27号を中心にベストワン舞鶴店（同2,396㎡、平成8年開業）や100満ボルト舞鶴店（同1,589㎡、平成8年開業）など郊外型大型店や洋服の青山やオートバックス、スシローなどロードサイド型店舗などが多数立地し、福井県や丹後地方からの近隣からの流入も増加している。