nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In the past, there were at least three cases where a male-line male might have been `married into' an Imperial female family.
Japanese: 過去において、見ようによっては「婿入り」と見られる事例が少なくとも3例ある。
English: At that time, the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai had an Empress and they had at least two sons who were in line to become the twenty-seventh Emperor Ankan, and the twenty-eighth Emperor Senka, and after the move, he married Princess Tashiraka who was the sister of Emperor Buretsu and ascended the throne, he subsequently had a son who was going to be the twenty-ninth Emperor Kinmei.
Japanese: 第26代継体天皇にはすでに后がいて、男子も少なくとも2人（後に第27代安閑天皇・第28代宣化天皇の2天皇となる）いたが、畿内に入ってから武烈の姉妹である手白香皇女と婚姻して即位し、後の第29代欽明天皇をもうけた。
English: The two Emperors; Emperor Ankan, Emperor Senka, also married sisters of Emperor Buretsu as well as Emperor Keitai.
Japanese: また、安閑・宣化の2天皇も同じようにそれぞれが武烈の姉妹を娶っている。
English: The second case is the forty-ninth Emperor Konin who was the male-line grandson of the thirty-eighth Emperor Tenji; his father, Prince Shiki who possessed the right to the imperial throne, was the son of thirty-eighth Emperor Tenji.
Japanese: もう1つは第49代光仁天皇の場合で、彼は第38代天智天皇の男系の孫であるが、父親は皇位継承権を持った親王、第38代天智天皇の子志貴皇子であった。
English: He married the Imperial Princess Inoe who was a sister of the Female Emperor, the forty-eighth Emperor Shotoku, and who was the Princess of the forty-fifth Emperor Shomu and had Imperial Prince Osabe.
Japanese: 彼は女性天皇である第48代称徳天皇の姉妹であり、姉妹の父親である第45代聖武天皇の皇女井上内親王を娶っており、他戸親王をもうけていた。
English: The forty-seventh Emperor Junnin, the son of Imperial Prince Toneri (deposed Emperor Awaji) who was given the throne from the forty-sixth Emperor Koken (the second accession by Emperor Shotoku) after his abdication of the throne, he did not marry a female member of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 第46代孝謙天皇（称徳天皇の重祚）が退位し、譲位した相手方は、舎人親王の子第47代淳仁天皇（淡路廃帝）であったが、淳仁天皇は女性皇族を妃に迎えてはいなかった。
English: The Emperor Junnin was overthrown by the Retired Emperor Koken, and Retired Emperor Koken ascended the imperial throne for the second time as Emperor Shotoku, and he passed away being single.
Japanese: 淳仁天皇は孝謙上皇によって廃され、孝謙上皇が重祚した称徳天皇が独身のまま崩御した。
English: When the direct male descendant of Emperor Tenmu was not available, Emperor Konin, the direct male descendant of Emperor Tenji, was a back up, and the Imperial Prince Osabe became prince even though he was young.
Japanese: 天武天皇直系の男子がいなくなった時に天智天皇直系の男子である光仁天皇が擁立され、他戸親王が年少でありながら皇太子となった。
English: Soon after Imperial Prince Osabe was overthrown following his mother, Imperial Princess Inoe, who was overthrown in a rebellion, and Kanmu, born to Emperor Konin and Niikasa TAKANO, the daughter of the descendant of the Paekche Royal Family, became the fiftieth Emperor.
Japanese: しかし間もなく母井上内親王の謀反による廃后とともに他戸親王も廃太子となり、皇太子は、光仁天皇と百済王族の末裔の娘高野新笠との間に生まれた桓武天皇、後の第50代桓武天皇となった。
English: Since there was no son when the hundred and eighteenth Emperor Gomomozono in direct line passed away, Emperor Kokaku, the sixth Prince of Imperial Prince Kanin no Miya Sukehito, became the adopted child of Emperor Gomomozono and ascended the imperial throne with Imperial Princess Yoshiko, the only princess of Emperor Gomomozono.
Japanese: 彼は閑院宮典仁親王の第6王子であったが、直系の第118代後桃園天皇が死去したときに皇子がいなかったため、急遽後桃園天皇の養子となった上で即位したが、長じて、後桃園天皇のただ一人の皇女欣子内親王を中宮に立てている。
English: However, the Imperial Prince and Princess of Imperial Princess Yoshiko died early in life, and did not ascend to the imperial throne.
Japanese: ただし、欣子内親王の子である親王・内親王は夭折し皇位を継いではいない。
English: There are some theories including: the bloodline died out in the era of the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai; the line was broken at the time during the Jinshin War or during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 第26代の継体天皇で血筋が一度途絶えているとする説があり、壬申の乱、南北朝時代など一系ではなかったとの説などである。
English: From the perspective of the `Female-line' theory, the forty-fourth Emperor Gensho was given the imperial throne by his mother, the forty-third Emperor Genmei who was the Emperor at the time.
Japanese: 「女系」論の立場からすると、第44代元正天皇は母親である第43代元明天皇から皇位を譲られており、母親のみが天皇である。
English: The theory is that his father, Prince Kusakabe didn't ascend the imperial throne although he was a Prince, which means he succeeded to the imperial throne from his mother; the Emperor, leading to the theory; Emperor Gensho is a Female-line Emperor.
Japanese: 父親・草壁皇子は皇太子であったが即位しておらず、天皇である母親から皇位を継承している事から、元正天皇は女系天皇であるという説である。
English: Besides, tracing back the male-line, Emperor Gensho is an imperial family member descending three generations from Emperor Tenmu, he was regarded as the Imperial Prince before his accession to the throne due to his bloodline from his mother, Emperor Genmei.
Japanese: また元正天皇は男系を辿れば天武天皇の孫に当たる3世皇族であるが、即位前から母親の元明天皇の血筋により内親王とされていたらしい。
English: It is certain that Emperor Gensho is a Female-line Emperor having his mother as Emperor as well as being a Male-line Emperor that can be traced back to his father, therefore; he is a Female & Male-line Emperor.
Japanese: 元正天皇が母親に天皇を持つ女系天皇であったことは確かだが、同時に父親から皇統をたどることのできる男系天皇でもあり、男女双系天皇であると考えるのがふさわしい。
English: There is a theory that the succession of Emperor Gensho was based upon the condition of the accession of young Prince Obito, who was going to be Emperor Shomu; the Prince of the forty-second Emperor Monmu.
Japanese: 元正天皇への継承は、幼かった首皇子（後の聖武天皇・第42代文武天皇の皇子）の即位が前提であったとする説がある。
English: Another theory denies the theory that `Emperor Gensho ascended as a relay because the Prince Obito was only fourteen years old at the time Emperor Gensho ascended to the throne. (There is a theory that the issues of the imperial court at that time; including issues concerning Prince Nagaya or FUJIWARA no Fuhito, didn't allow the prince Obito to ascend to the throne considering his age). Also, Emperor Gensho ascended to the throne as a child of his father, Prince Kusakabe, not as a child of his mother, Emperor Genmei, however, Prince Kusakabe himself was also Male & Female-line Emperor having Emperor Tenmu for his father and Emperor Jito for his mother.
Japanese: 元正天皇即位当時、首皇子は14歳であり「首皇子が幼かったために中継ぎとして即位した」という説は成立しないとの説もある。（ただ、当時の朝廷の動勢（長屋王や藤原不比等など）により、年齢的に即位は不安と見られたとの説もある。）また、元正天皇は母の元明天皇の子としてではなく、父である草壁皇子の子として即位しているが、草壁皇子自身も父に天武天皇、母に持統天皇をもつ男女双系天皇であった。
English: Regarding this issue, from the perspective of the `Male-line' theory, he was not a Female-line Emperor since his father, Prince Kusakabe was a male imperial family member with male-lineage belonging to the imperial line, and Emperor Gensho's accession to the Imperial throne resulted from the fact that his father was an imperial family member regardless of his mother, Emperor Genmei, being the Emperor.
Japanese: この問題について「男系」論の立場からすると、父親・草壁皇子は皇統に属する男系の男子の皇族であり皇太子でもあることから、元正天皇の皇位は父親が皇族だからであり元明天皇が天皇であったためではなく、女系ではないという説となる。
English: In fact, Emperor Gensho ascended to the throne as a child of Prince Kusakabe and not as a child of Emperor Genmei, his mother.
Japanese: 事実元正天皇は母元明天皇の子として即位したのではなく、草壁皇子の子として即位している。
English: The succession to Emperor Gensho was based on the condition of the accession of young Prince Obito (the Prince of Emperor Shomu and the forty-second Emperor Monmu; he became a Prince during the era of Emperor Genmei) to the imperial throne.
Japanese: また、元正天皇への継承は、幼かった皇太子首皇子（聖武天皇・第42代文武天皇の皇子・元明天皇の頃に立太子）の即位が前提であった。
English: In addition, there is an opinion that based on the precedent of Emperor Genmei, the male-line is maintained even if a female member of Imperial Family ascends to the throne as long as her husband is an old imperial family member from the imperial male-line.
Japanese: また、この元明天皇の前例に則り、仮に女性皇族が即位しても夫が皇統に属する男系男子の旧皇族（旧宮家）であれば男系が維持されるという意見もある。
English: It is uncertain as to when and how the unwritten rule limiting succession to the imperial throne to male imperial family members was established.
Japanese: 皇位継承を男系皇族のみに限定するという不文律が、日本でいつごろ、どのようにして成立したのかはよく分かっていない。
English: According to the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki or other history books about Emperors, the reply to the question `Why should it be male-line?' is always `Because it should be.'
Japanese: 記紀やその他歴代天皇の故事を伝える歴史書にも、「なぜ男系でなければならないのか」という問題への回答は「そうあるべきであるから」というものばかりである。
English: The paternalistic clanship under which a daughter is not allowed to succeed the household, originating in China, introduced from Korea, may have helped to establish such an unwritten rule, but that is not all about this.
Japanese: 娘に家の継承を認めないという中国を発祥として朝鮮経由で渡来した家父長的氏族制度の影響もあるだろうが、それだけですべてを説明することはできない。
English: There is a little difference between China and Korea as well as between Japan and China: None of male-line Female Emperors or kings appeared in successive dynasties in China (Busokuten was the Emperor of the new dynasty for only one generation); Three male-line female Emperors ascended to the throne in Silla, Korea.
Japanese: 中国の歴代王朝では男系女子の王や皇帝が一人も現れなかった（武則天は1代限りの新王朝の皇帝であった）が、朝鮮では新羅において男系女王が3人即位しているなど、日本と中国の間だけでなく、中国と朝鮮の間でも若干の相違があるためである。
English: In the old Imperial Family Law, the principle of male-line succession was established as a written law, and the current Imperial Family Law also followed it; the official interpretation of it by the government doesn't exist before/after War.
Japanese: 旧皇室典範がはじめて男系の継承原理を成文法とし、現在の皇室典範もこれを踏襲したが、戦前も戦後も政府としての公式解釈は存在していない。
English: "Koshitsutenpan gige," the official clause-by-clause descriptions, just states the Male-line Succession Provision in Article 1 of the old Imperial Family Law was defined pursuant to `Established Law of Imperial Family,' `Unchangeable unwritten law.'
Japanese: 半官の逐条解説書『皇室典範義解』も、旧皇室典範第1条の男系継承規定について「皇家の成法」「不文の常典」であるとするのみである。
English: However, like most other dynasties, the Japanese imperial line also has faced succession crisis due to the shortage of male imperial family members from time to time.
Japanese: ただし多くの王朝がそうであるように、日本の皇統もまたこれまでに何度も皇族男子の不足から断絶の危機に直面している。
English: Sometimes, accepting female-line, rather than sticking to male-line succession, was much easier; the imperial court or Bakufu (Japanese feudal government) chose to maintain male-line succession.
Japanese: 男系継承を固守するよりも女系を容認した方がはるかに容易な場合もあったのに、時の朝廷や幕府は常に男系継承の維持を選択してきた。
English: The reason for that choice can be found in "Tenjo Mukyu no Shinchoku" (God's prophecy in eternal heaven and on earth) in the Kojiki, the Nihonshoki and mythology.
Japanese: その理由は、記紀神話における「天壌無窮の神勅」に求めることができる。
English: It is the recognition that `Male-line succession is a commandment which has been defined since before the first Emperor Jinmu, and it is a consistently succeeded tradition.'
Japanese: すなわち「男系継承は神代、初代神武天皇以前から定められていた掟であり、一貫して続いてきた伝統である」という認識である。
English: Therefore, it can be led to a mythological reason such as `The Female-line Emperor who doesn't belong to the unbroken imperial line is not accepted by Koso Koso (Amaterasu - the sun goddess) or the spirit of imperial ancestors).
Japanese: そのため男系でない「万世一系の皇統に属さない女系天皇は天皇といえず、皇祖皇宗（アマテラスや歴代天皇の霊）からも天皇として認められない」という神話的な理由ではないかと考えられる。
English: From such perspective, some male-line advocates claim the female-line acceptance theory is a stepping stone for emperor system abolition and criticize them.
Japanese: このような視点から男系護持論者の中には、「女系天皇の容認論は、天皇制廃止論のための布石ではないか」と述べて女系容認論を非難する者もいる。
English: In fact, this cannot be denied; in case that the Female-line Emperor is approved, dynasty changes one after another, prescribed earlier in accordance with the principle; dynasty change in male-line succession, and the relationship with present imperial household is getting thinner year by year.
Japanese: 実際、女系を認めた場合男系で継承する王朝交代の原則に従い前述した通り次々と王朝が交代していくこととなり現皇室との関係は年を追って薄れていくことになり、あながち否定することもできない。
English: The European Royal Household differs from Japanese Imperial Household in historical backgrounds, etc., and their differences are shown below.
Japanese: ヨーロッパの王室は日本の皇室とは歴史的背景等が異なるので同列には並べられないが、ここに相違点を以下に挙げる。
English: In many countries in Europe before, the imperial throne was succeeded by male-line male (different from that of Japan excluding male-line female).
Japanese: かつてヨーロッパの多くの国では、王位を男系男子のみに継承させていた（男系女子を排除する点で日本と異なる）。
English: This is because the provision in Lex salica, or tribal law that is affected by Lex salica, that land is succeeded by only the male was used as an Act of Settlement.
Japanese: これは、サリカ法典やその影響を受けた部族法などにおける男子のみ土地を相続するという規定が、後世に王位継承法として援用されたためである。
English: Since countries where Christianity is believed have a monogynous system, a female-line royal family member often ascended to the throne and started a dynasty due to the discontinuity of male-line.
Japanese: キリスト教圏は一夫一妻制なので、どの国でも歴史上、男系男子の断絶により女系の王族が即位し、新たに王朝を開くということがしばしばあった。
English: Therefore, dynasties like the imperial household in Japan whose line can be unfailingly traced back in the genealogy, at least 1,500 years, doesn't exist in Europe except for the Capetian Dynasty male-line family that governed France for about 800 years, and governs Spain even now.
Japanese: そのため、少なく見積もってもほぼ1500年は確実に系譜を辿り得る日本の皇室のような王朝は、約800年にもわたってフランスを統治し、現在もスペインを統治しているカペー朝の男系一族を例外として存在しない。
English: In Europe, regardless of male-line or female-line, only children who were born between royal families (including royal family members from other countries and prosperous peerage) have been allowed to ascend to the throne.
Japanese: ヨーロッパでは男系であれ女系であれ、代々王族同士（他国の王族ないしこれに準ずる有力貴族を含む）の間に生まれた嫡子のみに王位を継承させていた。
English: There is a theory that Royal Families are connected by blood even if his/her father is a royal family member from another country; international marriage between Royal Families was common, for that reason, female-line dynasty change was smooth.
Japanese: 王族の国際結婚が盛んで、父が他国の王族であっても血縁は繋がっていることが多かったため、女系による王朝交代が円滑に行なわれたのだとする説もある。
English: On the other hand, in the Japanese Imperial Household in ancient times, the child of an Imperial family member father was allowed to succeed the throne; many children who were born between the male Imperial Family Members and the female subjects ascended to the throne.
Japanese: しかし古来日本の皇室では、皇位を継承するためには父のみ皇族であればよく、皇族男子と藤原氏など臣民女子との間に生まれた子が即位した例はきわめて多い。
English: In an extreme case, the mother of the hundred and nineteenth Emperor Kokaku was a commoner.
Japanese: 極端な例では、母が全くの庶民の出である第119代光格天皇なども存在する。
English: This was not very common in European Royal Households where they were very strict about marriage with a commoner.
Japanese: このような例は貴賎結婚に極めて厳格だったヨーロッパの王室ではあまり見られないことである。
English: Some people say that it is only the Japanese Imperial Household that regarded their ancestors as mythological characters; in ancient Europe, there were Royal Families that also regarded their ancestors as deities of Greek Mythology or Scandinavian Mythology.
Japanese: 神話の人物を祖先としているのは日本の皇室のみであるとされることがあるが、古代ヨーロッパでは同様にギリシャ神話や北欧神話の神々を祖先とする王族がいた。
English: There are not such Royal Families now because some died out or some let go of their mythologies converting to Christianity, not an unusual transformation for the Imperial Family Household.
Japanese: これらが現在に続いていないのは、王族が滅亡したり、キリスト教に改宗することでそれぞれの神話を捨てたからであり、皇室のケースが特異なわけではない。
English: After the latter half of the twentieth century, a male-line female or a female-line male/female (his/her father can be a subject) is entitled to succeed the throne in most European monarchies; such reform was carried out for `Equality of the Sexes,' so, not always connected to shortage of male-line male.
Japanese: 20世紀後半に入ってから、ヨーロッパの君主国のほとんどが男系女子や女系（父は臣民でもよい）にも王位継承資格を与えるようになったが、このような改革の多くは「男女平等」をその理由とし、必ずしも男系男子の不足とは関係がない。
English: However, in some countries, if the children for succession are an elder sister and a younger brother, the right to succeed the throne is granted to the brother.
Japanese: ただし以前のように、嫡子が姉ー弟の場合は弟の継承権が先のままの所もある。
English: As an example, in the British Imperial Household, the eldest son in the direct line is preceded in order of succession; Duke of York, the third child of Queen Elizabeth has a higher priority than Princess Ann, the second child of Queen Elizabeth in order of succession; Duke of York is the forth in line to the imperial throne while Queen Ann is the tenth having a lower priority than her younger brothers and their families
Japanese: 一例として、イギリス王室は直系男長子優先の継承順位であるため、継承順位は、エリザベス女王の第2子アン王女よりも、第3子ヨーク公の方が継承順位は上で、ヨーク公が4位、アン王女は弟王子2人とその家族よりも下の10位である。
English: In the Imperial Household, there was a concern for forty one years that the imperial line would die out; from when Akishinonomiya Imperial Prince Fumihito was born in 1965 to when Imperial Prince Hisahito was born in 2006.
Japanese: 皇室には1965年の秋篠宮文仁親王誕生から2006年の悠仁親王誕生までの41年間、皇室から男子が生まれなかったため、将来において皇統が断絶するのではと危惧されていた。
English: Therefore, there was an opinion that female-line succession should be approved by revising the principle of succession, however, there is still time to consider such issue.
Japanese: そのため、継承原理を改変して女系継承を容認すべきとする意見もあったが、時間的余裕がでたのではないか、とされている。
English: Both male-line and female-line advocates agree that discussions regarding the imperial succession issue and imperial family should continue.
Japanese: しかし、男系論者、女系論者とにも皇位継承問題と皇族についての議論を続けていくことで認識は一致している。
English: Imperial Princess Aiko of the Crown Prince's Household and Imperial Princess Mako and Yoshiko are male-line imperial female members that could become Emperor candidates by tracing only their father's line.
Japanese: 東宮家の愛子内親王や秋篠宮家の眞子内親王、佳子内親王などは、いずれも父方のみを辿って天皇に行き着く男系女子の皇族である。
English: However, if they marry commoners in future and have children, their children can not become Emperor candidates regardless of their sex, thus they will be determined as female-line (refer to Family tree below).
Japanese: しかし、彼女らが将来一般国民の男子と結婚して子を産めば、その子は性別が男であれ女であれ、父方のみを辿って天皇に行き着かないため女系となる（下掲系図を参照）。
English: "Mikotonori" (詔 or 御言宣), or "Omikoto" (大御言) was a document of the emperor's words or orders to be directly conveyed.
Japanese: 詔（みことのり、御言宣、大御言）は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
English: The written form was called "Shosho" (Imperial Rescript in English).
Japanese: これを文書にしたものを詔書（しょうしょ）（英ImperialRescript）と言う。
English: The formats of the imperial rescript were established by the kushikiryo in the system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes.
Japanese: 律令制においては、公式令（くしきりょう）に詔書の書式が定められていた。
English: It was used to pronounce the important issues the emperor did not sign, but put a date on a draft (Gokakujitsu) and then pass on the final draft (Gokakuka).
Japanese: 重要事項の宣告に用いられ、天皇は署名せず、草案に日付を書き（御画日）、成案に可の字を書いた（御画可）。
English: The imperial rescript required a consensus among the emperor and all the Court nobles, and because of its complex procedure, it was used only on the ritual events such as accession and kaigen (changing the name of an era).
Japanese: 詔書は天皇と公卿全員の意見の一致が必要であり、手続きが煩雑なため、即位、改元など儀式的な事項にのみ用いられるようになった。
English: A naiki of nakatsukasa sho (department) created a draft of the imperial rescript first, the emperor put in the date (Gokakujitsu), 3 supervisors (kami(kyo), taifu, sho) of nakatsukasa sho (department) signed under their kanisei (surname of the official rank) that the naiki wrote down, and put 'sen,' 'bu,' 'gyo' under each of their signatures.
Japanese: 詔書はまず中務省の内記が草案を作成し、天皇が一旦それに日付を加える（御画日）次に中務省の責任者3名（卿・大輔・少輔）が内記の記した官位姓の下に自署を行い、それぞれの下に「宣」「奉」「行」の一字を記す。
English: Next was to create a copy of the anbun as the draft for the final draft sent to the Grand Council of State after putting the emperor's gyoji (the imperial Seal) with the supervisors' signatures again, geki wrote down the daijin's and dainagon's (a chief councilor of state) kanisei (surname of the official rank) and the date, and the dainagon confirmed this to the emperor with the daijin's and dainagon's (below grand minister of state) signatures after it being submitted to the meeting of the Grand Council of State with a ratification request line to the emperor.
Japanese: 次に案文の複製を成案の草案として作成して再度中務省の責任者の署名を加えて天皇の御璽を押印した後に太政官に送付し、今度は外記が大臣・大納言の官位姓を記して日付を加え、天皇への奏請の一文とともに太政官の会議にかけられて太政大臣以下の大臣・大納言の自署を加えた後に大納言が天皇にこれを覆奏する。
English: Then the draft of the final draft became the formal imperial rescript, but a copy of the imperial rescript was created and the daijokanpu (a formal document to issue orders) was also created by benkan to order the enforcement of the imperial rescript.
Japanese: ここで成案の草案は正式な詔書となるが、更にこれの複製が作成するとともに弁官によって詔書の実施を命じる太政官符が作成される。
English: Then the contents of the imperial rescript were orally conveyed (ko) as a senmyo (a type of document to give the emperor's order) and daijokanpu was delivered and the imperial rescript was issued.
Japanese: ここで詔書の内容が宣命として口頭で伝達される（誥）とともに太政官符が交付されて詔書が発効するのである。
English: Under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, among the emperor's action, it was established as 'In order to convey the emperor's important affairs and intentions regarding prerogative enforcement, the imperial rescript shall be used, excluding other forms.'
Japanese: 大日本帝国憲法のもとでは、天皇の行為のうち「皇室ノ大事ヲ宣誥（せんこう）シ及大権ノ施行ニ関スル勅旨ヲ宣誥スルハ別段ノ形式ニ依（よ）ルモノヲ除クノ外詔書ヲ以（もつ）テス」るものと定めていた。
English: The imperial rescript was largely divided into 'Kyumu Shosho' (Imperial rescript of the Imperial Princes' Household Affairs) that relates to the imperial household and 'Seimu Shosho' (Imperial rescript of State Affairs) that was issued at the time of the emperor's prerogative invocation based on the constitution, but a specific type and procedure was established by 'kushikiryo.'
Japanese: 詔書の様式については大きく分けて皇室に関する「宮務詔書」と憲法に基づく天皇大権発動の際に出される「政務詔書」の2つに分けられていたが、具体的な種別や手続については「公式令」において定められていた。
English: In addition, other than the Diet convocation, public announcement to enforce dissolution of the House of Representatives, general election of a House of Representatives member, and regular election of upper house members are also conducted by the imperial rescript.
Japanese: なお、国会の召集のほか、衆議院解散及び衆議院議員の総選挙、参議院議員の通常選挙の施行の公示も詔書によって行われている。
English: The emperor puts his signature (onmyo) and gyoji (the imperial Seal), and the prime minister puts his signature (countersignature) on the imperial rescript.
Japanese: 詔書には、天皇の署名（御名）が行われ、かつ、御璽が押され、さらに内閣総理大臣が署名（副署）している。
English: Imperial Princess Senshi (Nobuko) (June 11, 964 - July 29, 1035) was the tenth Princess of the sixty-second Emperor Murakami.
Japanese: 選子内親王（せんし（のぶこ）ないしんのう、応和4年4月24日（964年6月11日）-長元8年6月22日（1035年7月29日））は、第62代村上天皇の第十皇女。
English: On August 10, 975, due to the Saiin Imperial Princess Sonshi's (Princess of Emperor Reizei) resignation, she was assigned as Kamo Saiin at the age of 12 by bokujo (bokutei) (to decide by fortunetelling).
Japanese: 同3年（975年）6月25日、斎院尊子内親王（冷泉天皇皇女）の退下により、12歳で賀茂斎院に卜定される。
English: Since then, she had held the Saiin post for 57 long years, 5 generations of Emperor Enyu, Emperor Kazan, Emperor Ichijo, Emperor Sanjo, and Emperor Goichijo, and was called 'the Great Saiin.'
Japanese: 以来円融・花山天皇・一条天皇・三条天皇・後一条天皇の5代57年の長きにわたって斎院の任にあり続け、「大斎院」と称された。
English: After she was given the ippon (the first Imperial Princes' rank) in 1024, she resigned due to infirmities of old age on October 17, 1031 and became a priest on October 23.
Japanese: 万寿元年（1024年）一品に叙せられた後、長元4年9月22日老病により退下、同28日に出家。
English: As described in "Okagami" (The Great Mirror), 'As she was recognized by myojin (a gracious deity - god) at Kamo-jinja Shrine, she could stay firm to hold her position,' the life of Imperial Princess Senshi (Nobuko), who was respected as a long-term Saiin never seen before in past history, was pursued with the Kujo family clan eligible for regents on her mother's side.
Japanese: 『大鏡』で「賀茂神社の明神のうけ給へればかく動きなくおはしますなり」と評されたように、歴代でも類を見ない長期の斎院として尊崇を集めた選子内親王の一生は、そのまま母方である九条流摂関家との歩みであった。
English: Without a doubt, emperors after Emperor Reizei were less fortunate to have imperial princesses, so there was a time when a princess could not be a possible candidate for Saiin, but there was no doubt that her strong blood relations with successive regents kept her life stable even though she lost her parents at a young age.
Japanese: 確かに冷泉天皇以降歴代の天皇は内親王に恵まれること少なく、斎院の候補者となるべき皇女が存在しなかった時期もあったが、歴代摂関と濃い血縁関係にあったことが幼くして両親に死別した内親王の生涯の安定を支えたことは疑いない。
English: The Imperial Princess took care to interact with a clan eligible to become regents, and while "Makura no soshi" (The Pillow Book) depicted seasonal interactions with the second consort of the emperor, FUJIWARA no Teishi, "Okagami," and "Eiga monogatari" (Tale of Flowering Fortunes) depicted her witty interactions with Michinaga.
Japanese: 内親王自身も摂関家との交流には常に気を配ったらしく、『枕草子』で中宮藤原定子との季節の交流が描かれる一方、『大鏡』や『栄花物語』には道長との当意即妙なやり取りが記されている。