nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: For that occasion, she prayed for kannon (a Bodhisattva with compassion) enshrined at Kokawa-dera Temple in Kii Province; consequently this led her to donate tocho (a woven fabric to cover the shelf to enshrine kannon statue) to the temple in 1336, and she additionally donated her estate to the temple in the following year.
Japanese: この際、紀伊国粉河寺の観音に祈ったことから、後年建武(日本)3年（1336年）に粉河寺に戸帳を寄付し、さらに翌年には領地を寄進している。
English: Even after the death of her husband Sadauji, she continued to support the Ashikaga clan; she went along with her sons Takauji and Tadayoshi when they took action to overthrow Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 夫貞氏の没後も足利家を支え、尊氏、直義兄弟が倒幕に動いた際には終始行動をともにした。
English: Shosuke(勝介)TANAKA (dates of birth and death unknown) was a trading merchant of Kyoto in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 田中勝介（たなかしょうすけ、生没年不詳）は、江戸時代初期の京都の貿易商人。
English: The first Japanese in the history who landed on the American Continent, and crossed over the Pacific Ocean and returned.
Japanese: 歴史上最初めてアメリカ大陸に渡り、また太平洋を横断・往復した日本人である。
English: In 1610 receiving a command of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA (the first shogun), he took the same ship as Rodrigo de VIVERO, the governor-general of the Philippines, the former dominion of Spain, on his returning home, and headed for Nueva España (New Spain, present Mexico).
Japanese: 徳川家康の命を受け、1610年（慶長15年）前スペイン領フィリピンの総督ロドリゴ・デ・ビベロの帰郷に同船し、ヌエバ・エスパーニャ（ノビスパン、現在のメキシコ）へ向かう。
English: The next year he returned home with toreishi (an envoy returning courtesies) Sebastian VIZCAINO who had been sent by Louis de BELASCO, Viceroyalty of New Spain.
Japanese: 翌年、ヌエバ・エスパーニャ副王ルイス・デ・ベラスコにより派遣された答礼使セバスティアン・ビスカイノともに帰朝した。
English: It was a voyage to open up commerce with Spain, but he could not reach any specific agreements on the commerce.
Japanese: エスパーニャとの通商を試みての渡航であったが、通商に関しての具体的合意には至らなかった。
English: Noritoshi IKOKUMA (year of birth unknown - November 13, 1609) was a court noble in the early Edo Period.
Japanese: 猪熊教利（いのくまのりとし、生年不詳-慶長14年10月17日(旧暦)（1609年11月13日））は、江戸時代初期の公卿。
English: While Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was in the position of Kanpaku Dajodaijin (imperial regent and grand minister) (1585), Tokitsune YAMASHINA, who was the family head of the Yamashita family at that moment, was punished by Imperial order and demoted to a remote province, so that Noritoshi, who was from a branch family, served the Imperial Court, taking over Tokitsune's position as the representative of the Yamashina family.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉が関白太政大臣のころ（天正13年（1585年））、当時の当主であった山科言経が勅勘を蒙って地方へ下ったため、庶流であった教利が山科家を代表して朝廷に仕えた。
English: However, after the death of Hideyoshi, Tokitsune retuned to the Imperial Court in 1598 thanks to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's mediation, and Noritoshi, who was obliged to split off from the Yamashina family, formed the Inokuma family.
Japanese: しかし秀吉の死後、徳川家康の取り成しによって、慶長3年（1598年）言経が朝廷に復帰したため、教利はやむなく分家して猪熊家を興した。
English: Noritoshi was 'more handsome than any other man under the sun,' reminding everyone of Hikaru Genji in "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji), and so highly-reputed for his beauty that his hair style and his way of knotting obi (a sash for traditional Japanese garment) were called 'Inokuma style' and became a major trend in Kyoto, but he was also notorious for messing around with women and it is said that he was also called 'the most immoral man of court nobles.'
Japanese: 教利は『源氏物語』の光源氏を想起させる「天下無双」の美男子で、その髪型や帯の結び方が「猪熊様（いのくまよう）」と称されて京都の流行になるほど評判であったが、かねてから女癖の悪さにも定評があり、「公家衆乱行随一」と称されていたとされる。
English: Found guilty of adultery with an Imperial court lady around February or March 1607, he was punished and temporarily expelled from Kyoto by the Imperial order of Emperor Goyozei, but after returning to Kyoto, his loose moral was not rectified and he continued having illicit liaisons with court ladies, taking many high court nobles out with him.
Japanese: 慶長12年（1607年）2月、宮廷女官との密通が明らかとなった結果、後陽成天皇から勅勘を蒙って追放されるが、のち京へ戻った後も素行は収まらず、多数の公卿を誘っては女官と不義密通を重ねた。
English: In August 1609, when adulteries of Kugeshu (court nobles) such as Sangi (Councilor) Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU were discovered (the Inokuma Incident), Noritoshi, who had been helping their promiscuities, was afraid of being prosecuted by Kyoto Shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) and ran away to Kyushu region.
Japanese: 慶長14年（1609年）7月、参議烏丸光広ら公家衆の密通が露顕する事件（猪熊事件）が起きると、乱交の手引きをしていた教利は京都所司代の追及を恐れて九州へ逃亡する。
English: However, on October 13, 1609, he was detained while he was hiding himself in Hyuga Province, and on November 13 he was punished by decapitation at Jozen-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: しかし同年9月16日、日向国で潜伏していたところを捕らえられ、10月17日、京都の常禅寺において斬刑に処せられた。
English: Dogyu IRAKO (January 29, 1672 – February 15, 1734) was a surgeon of the Edo period.
Japanese: 伊良子道牛（いらこどうぎゅう、寛文11年12月30日(旧暦)（1672年1月29日）-享保19年1月12日(旧暦)（1734年2月15日））は、江戸時代の外科医。
English: At the end of the Sengoku (Warring States) period (Japan) they lived in Irako Village, Atsumi County, Mikawa Province (present Tahara City of Aichi Prefecture), so they changed their family name to IRAKO.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)の末に三河国渥美郡伊良子村（現在の愛知県田原市）に住んでいたため、伊良子姓に変更する。
English: Thereafter, the IRAKO family moved to Dewa Province and became vassals of the Mogami clan, producing many senior vassals of the clan such as Sogyu IRAKO and Danjo IRAKO, and so on.
Japanese: その後、伊良子一族は出羽国に移住して最上氏の家臣となり、伊良子宗牛・伊良子弾正ら、最上家の重臣を輩出した。
English: Dogyu's father Sadanosuke also became a vassal of Mitsutaka OYAMA, the sixth son of Yoshiaki MOGAMI, but later suffered kaieki (to forfeit rank of samurai and their properties) of the Mogami family, when his lord Mitsutaka was taken under custody of Tadayo SAKAI.
Japanese: 道牛の父・貞之助も最上義光の六男・大山光隆の家臣となるが、後に最上家の改易に遭遇し、主君の光隆も酒井忠世の預かりとなってしまう。
English: Becoming a ronin (a masterless samurai), Sadanosuke headed for Kumamoto, relying on Yoshiaki's younger brother Mitsunao TATEOKA who had also been taken under custody of Kumamoto Domain, and served the Hosokawa clan.
Japanese: 浪人となった貞之助は、同じく熊本藩預かりとなった義光の弟・楯岡光直を頼って熊本に向かい、細川氏に仕官した。
English: Moving to Kyushu along with his father, Dogyu was driven into admiration for Western learning, partially because he came nearer to Nagasaki which was the only place to contact with Western civilization at that time.
Japanese: 父に従って九州に移り住んだ道牛は、当時唯一の西洋文明との接点であった長崎に近づいたこともあり、蘭学への憧憬に駆られる。
English: Dogyu, fulfilled with his deepest desire, went to Nagasaki in 1686 and had an opportunity to learn 'Caspar-style red-haired surgery' which had been spread by Schamberger CASPAR, a medical officer to the captain of the Dutch trading house.
Japanese: 貞享3年（1686年）、念願かなった道牛は長崎に赴き、オランダ商館付きの医官カスパル・スハンベルゲルが広めた、「カスパル流紅毛外科」を学ぶ機会を得る。
English: Thereafter, Dogyu established his own semi-Western-style surgery in which advantages of Western medicine he studied in Nagasaki and Eastern medicine which had been handed down since ancient times in Japan were successfully blended.
Japanese: その後、道牛は長崎で学んだ西洋医学と、日本に古来より伝わる東洋医学の長所を巧く融合させ、和洋折衷の独自の外科学を確立させる。
English: Moving to Fushimi, Kii County, Yamashiro Province (present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Dogyu opened a medical practice there in 1701.
Japanese: 元禄14年（1701年）、山城国紀伊郡伏見（現在の京都市伏見区）に移住した道牛はこの地で開業した。
English: It is said that he earned such fame for his proper treatment both in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine that patients gathered not only inside and outside Kyoto but also neighboring provinces.
Japanese: 漢方・蘭方ともに適切な処方をしたその治療に名声が集まり、洛中洛外を始め近隣の諸国からも患者が集まったといわれている。
English: On February 15, 1734, Dogyu, as he had been ill, passed away at the age of 64.
Japanese: 享保19年1月12日（旧暦）、病を得ていた道牛は64歳でこの世を去る。
English: His tomb was built in Ryusen-ji Temple, Momoyama Sengokudani, Fushimi Ward, whose tombstone had epitaph chosen by Togai ITO who had been close to him while alive, but it was destroyed due to construction of Nara Railway Line in the Meiji period and does not exist now.
Japanese: 墓は伏見桃山仙石谷の竜泉寺に建てられ、生前交友のあった伊藤東涯の撰文による墓碑銘が彫られていたが、明治時代に奈良線敷設に伴って廃却され、現存しない。
English: Although Dogyu had two sons and one daughter between his first wife, a certain MORIMURA, all of them died young and were succeeded by Yoshikado who had been born between Kiyo YAMAGAWA, his second wife.
Japanese: 道牛は、最初の妻の森村某との間に二男一女を設けたがみな早世し、後添いとなった山川キヨとの間に生まれた好門がその後を継いだ。
English: Mitsuaki IRAKO, a son of Yoshikado, ranked among Takiguchi no musha (samurai guards of the Imperial Residence) and granted an official rank of Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade) Nagato no Kami (a deputy minister in charge of regional administration in Nagato).
Japanese: 好門の子・伊良子光顕は滝口武者に列し、正六位下長門守の官位を与えられた。
English: Also Mitsuaki's adopted son Mitsumichi was employed at Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) and allowed to give Emperor Ninko medical examination.
Japanese: さらに光顕の養子・光通は典薬寮に採用され、仁孝天皇の拝診を許された。
English: After Mitsuaki's days were over, the Irako family was divided in two family lines (Kendosai and Sen no do) but the both families succeeded to Irako-style surgery, and till they encountered the Meiji Restoration in the days of Mitsuoki IRAKO and Mitsunobu IRAKO, respectively, they had served chotei (the Imperial Court) as goteni (a doctor who is hired by bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] or daimyo [a feudal lord]).
Japanese: 光顕以後、伊良子家は二家（見道斎・千之堂）に系統が分かれるが、両家とも伊良子流外科を継承し、それぞれ伊良子光順・光信の時代に明治維新を迎えるまで、御典医として朝廷に仕えた。
English: Besides, not only patients but also many pupils, one of which Kensui YAMATO later became a mentor of Seishu HANAOKA, gathered around Dogyu.
Japanese: また、道牛の下には患者だけでなく門人も多く集い、そのうちの一人・大和見水は、後に華岡青洲の師となる。
English: Kagefumi MIKAMI (October 16, 1789 - date of death unknown) was a government official who lived during the Edo period.
Japanese: 三上　景文（みかみ　かげふみ、寛政元年8月28日(旧暦)（1789年10月16日）-（没年月日不明））は、江戸時代の官人。
English: He was born as the second son of Yoshikiyo AWAZU, a low rank official serving the Arisugawanomiya family, on October 16, 1789 and had a childhood name of Takesaburo.
Japanese: 寛政元年8月28日（旧暦）、有栖川宮家の諸大夫・粟津義清の次男として誕生し、幼名を武三郎と称した。
English: On June 25, 1802, he was adopted by Kagehiro MIKAMI, a Hokumen no bushi, who was on his death-bed.
Japanese: 享和2年5月26日(旧暦)（1802年6月25日）、北面武士の三上景宏と、武家で言うところの末期養子となる形で縁組する。
English: While in middle age, Kagefumi decided to compile the family trees of lower rank court officials, which no one had ever embarked on before.
Japanese: 景文は中年を過ぎた頃、それまで誰も手をつけることのなかった地下諸家の系譜編纂を決意。
English: In October 1842, he started writing after collecting resources and, one and a half years later on June 16, 1844, finished writing the book under the name of the Jigekaden (A record of family trees of Jige, lower rank court officials), which covered the names of successive family heads and their parents, their dates of birth and death, and the investiture history of lower rank court officials in Kyoto.
Japanese: 資料を収集して天保13年9月（1842年10月）に執筆を開始し、1年半後の天保15年5月1日(旧暦)（1844年6月16日）に、京都の地下諸家の歴代当主の名前、父母の名、生没年月日、叙位任官の履歴等を網羅した「地下家伝」を完成させた。
English: According to the 'Heian Jinbutsushi,' a directory of well-known people in Kyoto of the Edo period, Kagefumi lived in Koromonotana Shimochojamachi (present-day Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) and well-versed in the Emondo (the traditional technique of dressing up for Junihitoe [a ceremonial Robe of a court lady]).
Japanese: また、京都の著名人の人名録である「平安人物誌」には、景文は衣棚下長者町（現・京都市上京区）に住み、衣紋道に通じた人物として記載されている。
English: He and his wife, Nanigashi KIKKAWA, had one son and six daughters but his whereabouts, including the date of his death, after publishing the Jigekaden is unknown.
Japanese: 景文は妻の吉川某との間に一男六女を儲けたが、地下家伝を著してからの消息は詳らかでなくその没年月日なども不明である。
English: In the revised edition of the Jigekaden published by Atsuo MASAMUNE during the Showa period, there is some record about Kagefumi in 1849, which implies that he was at least alive at that point.
Japanese: ただし、昭和時代に正宗敦夫が出版した地下家伝の改訂版によれば嘉永2年（1849年）の景文の記録があるので、少なくとも死去したのはそれよりも後と推定される。
English: There is another description in the book that Shitago YAMAMOTO (later changed his name to 恭随, a Gotenni [a doctor working for the shogunate]), who was a son-in-law of Kagefumi's older brother, Yoshiki, succeeded to the Kagefumi's post of Yamato no kami during the Keio period, which implies that he might have died before that.
Japanese: また、慶應年間に至ると、景文の官名であった大和守は兄・義毅の婿に当たる山本随（後に恭随に改名、御典医）が受け継いでいるので、あるいはその時点ではすでに故人であった可能性もある。
English: Motokiyo OGAMO was a Japanese busho (military commander) lived through the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan) to Azuchi-momoyama period, who became the lord of Iwakura-jo Castle in Kume Domain, Hoki Province.
Japanese: 小鴨元清（おがももときよ）は、戦国時代(日本)・安土桃山時代の武将で伯耆国久米郡岩倉城(伯耆国)主。
English: While the birth date of Motokiyo is unknown, he made his first appearance in a record in 1562 that he donated kanda (fields owned by shrines) in 75 koku to Matsuo-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 生年不詳である元清の初見は永禄5年（1562年）11月、松尾神社に神田75石を寄進したのが初めである。
English: During the periods of Eiroku to Tensho era, he succeeded the headship of the Ogamo family and changed his surname to Ogamo.
Japanese: その後、永禄から天正年間にかけて小鴨氏の家督を継ぎ、小鴨姓を名乗った。
English: In 1579, the Nanjo clan broke away from the Mori clan to the Oda clan, then Motoharu KIKKAWA (Motoharu MORI) opposed this action and invaded the Hoki province; although Motokiyo and his elder brother Mototsugu attacked Yabase-jo Castle of Mori side in two wave attacks, both were repulsed.
Japanese: 天正7年（1579年）に南条氏が織田氏の下へ離反し、翌天正8年（1580年）に吉川元春が伯耆へ侵出した際には兄の元続とともに八橋城を2波に渡って攻撃するも敗退した。
English: Although he fought hard and bravely in those later battles with the Kikkawa clan, Motokiyo escaped along with Mototsugu after the fall of Ueshi-jo Castle in 1582 by leaving his defending castle Iwakura-jo Castle.
Japanese: その後の吉川氏との戦いにおいては、岩倉城(伯耆国)を守り奮戦したが、天正10年（1582年）に羽衣石城が落城すると岩倉城を守っていた元清も元続と共に逃れた。
English: After returning to Higashi Hoki in 1584, he became a guardian of the sickly Mototsugu and assumed the works of government affairs on his behalf.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）に東伯耆へ復帰した後は病気がちになっていた元続の後見人となり、元続に代わり政務を担当した。
English: After his elder brother Mototsugu died in 1591, his son Mototada NANJO succeeded the headship of Nanjo family; Motokiyo became the guardian of Mototada and assumed the works of government affairs as Utsubuki-jo Castle joban (live-in castle guardian) by residing in a residence within the castle compound.
Japanese: 天正19年（1591年）に元続が死去し、南条元忠が家督を継ぐと元忠の後見人になり、打吹城番として城内の屋敷に住み政務を行った。
English: In the event of the invasion of Korean Peninsula during Yi Dynasty, Motokiyo himself led 1500 soldiers and crossed the sea in place of the young Mototada.
Japanese: ）朝鮮出兵の際には幼い元忠に代わり、自ら1500人の兵を率いて李氏朝鮮へ渡った。
English: When a feud over a guardian position erupted with Mototada, Motokiyo was placed under the care of Yukinaga KONISHI by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI upon the advice of Yamada Ecchu no kami (Governor of Ecchu Province); he changed back to his original surname "Nanjo" at this time.
Japanese: その後、後見人の座を巡る争いで元忠との確執が生じた元清は、山田越中守の進言で豊臣秀吉によって小西行長の下へ預けられ、この時「南条姓」に戻したという。
English: Although he fought against the troops of Kiyomasa KATO under the Konishi troops during the Battle of Sekigahara, Motokiyo switched to serve under Kiyomasa KATO for 6,000 koku when the Konishi clan declined after the battle; he became a monk and called himself as "Gentaku."
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いでは小西勢に属して加藤清正の隊と戦うが、戦後、小西家が没落すると6000石を以って加藤清正の家臣へ転じ、剃髪して「元宅」と名乗った。
English: Motokiyo wished to serve under Hideyori TOYOTOMI at the Siege of Osaka occurred in 1614, but he became ill during the voyage to Osaka, and died on March 23 of the same year despite the medical treatment received at Kennin-ji Temple.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）、大坂の陣では豊臣秀頼に属す事を願い大阪へ向かうが、その船中で発病、建仁寺での療養の甲斐なく、同年2月13日(旧暦)に死去した。
English: While there were various theories regarding his last years, the above-mentioned theory described in "Nanjo Seisui Ki" is one of those.
Japanese: 元清の晩年に関しては諸説あり、前述した『南条氏盛衰記』に見える説もその諸説ある中のひとつである。
English: According to "Hoki Mindan ki" (the folklores of Hoki), Motokiyo escaped to Mimasaka Province after the Battle of Sekigahara, and died in the place.
Japanese: このほか、『伯耆民談記』によれば元清は関ヶ原の後、美作国へ逃れ、その地で死亡したという。
English: According to another record "Nanjo family trees" owned by the University of Tokyo, Motokiyo resided in "Sakushu (another name of Mimasaka Province) Saibara."
Japanese: また、東京大学所蔵の「南条系図」によれば元清について「作州才原」に住むとしている。
English: However, this theory is based on the books written in later years, and there is no substantiating historical records to prove its authenticity.
Japanese: ただ、この説は後世に書かれた書物に見られるものであり、これを証明する確実な史料が存在するわけではない。
English: On the other hand, there are historical materials to support the above-mentioned "Nanjo clan Seisuiki," thus it is considered this theory has a higher level of credibility.
Japanese: 一方で『南条氏盛衰記』説の方は傍証史料も存在しており、こちらの説の方が信憑性の度合いが高いといえる。
English: ONO no Iwane (date of birth unknown - 778) was a bureaucracy of the Nara period.
Japanese: 小野石根（おののいわね、?-宝亀9年（778年））は、奈良時代の官僚。
English: He was awarded the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in 757, and then appointed various positions, including Nagato no kami (Governor of Nagato Province) and Chue no shosho (Minor Captain of the Imperial Guard).
Japanese: 757年（天平宝字元年）に従五位下に叙せられて、その後は長門守、中衛少将等を歴任。
English: He then became acting commander-in-chief on behalf of SAEKI no Imaemishi who was sick, and arrived in Changan without the commander-in-chief in 778.
Japanese: 大使佐伯今毛人が病のため大使を代行し、その後大使が不在なまま出発して、778年に長安に到着。
English: Shunsai OTSUKI (1806 - May 7, 1862) was a Ranpoi (a person who studied Western medicine by means of the Dutch language) at the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 大槻俊斎（おおつきしゅんさい、文化(元号)3年（1806年）-文久2年4月9日(旧暦)（1862年5月7日））は、幕末の蘭方医。
English: He was born in Akai Village, Monou County, Mutsu Province (present-day Higashimatsushita City, Miyagi Prefecture) in 1806.
Japanese: 文化(元号)3年（1806年）、陸奥国桃生郡赤井村（現・宮城県東松島市）に生まれる。
English: In 1858, together with Genboku ITO, Seikai TOTSUKA, and others, he opened the Otama ga Ike Vaccination Institute.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、伊東玄朴・戸塚静海らと図り、お玉が池種痘所設立。
English: On October 14, 1860, he had an audience with shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA and became a doctor to the shogun.
Japanese: 万延元年（1860年）9月1日、将軍徳川家茂に拝謁し、お目見え医師となる。
English: Because the Otama ga Ike Vaccination Institute is said to have been the predecessor of Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo, which changed its name first to the School of the Western Medical Science, then School of Medical Science, and other names as the institute expanded, Shunsai is regarded as the first president of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo.
Japanese: お玉が池種痘所は西洋医学所、医学所等と改称・発展し、東京大学医学部の前身とされるため、俊斎は東大医学部初代総長と見なされている。
English: He was the son-in-law of Ryosen TEZUKA, who was the direct ancestor of Osamu TEZUKA, and their struggle to found the vaccination institute is portrayed in the "Hidamari no ki" (A tree in the sun) written by Osamu TEZUKA.
Japanese: 手塚治虫の直系の先祖である手塚良仙の女婿で、種痘所の創設に苦心するさまは手塚の『陽だまりの樹』に描写されている。
English: He was not related to Gentaku OTSUKI of the same domain of Sendai, who was from a family of Rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language).
Japanese: なお、同じ仙台藩の出身で蘭学者の家系でもある大槻玄沢の家系とは、血縁的なつながりは無い。
English: Kenshin UESUGI (or Terutora UESUGI) was a warring lord in Echigo Province during the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 上杉謙信／上杉輝虎（うえすぎけんしん／うえすぎてるとら）は、戦国時代(日本)における越後国の戦国大名。
English: Kenshin UESUGI, whose original name was Kagetora NAGAO, was from the Nagao clan that served as Shugodai (deputy military governor) in Echigo Province under the Uesugi clan.
Japanese: 上杉氏の下で越後国の守護代を務めた長尾氏出身で、初名は長尾景虎（ながおかげとら）。
English: Kenshin took over the family headship of the Uesugi clan from Norimasa UESUGI, who was a Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), he thereafter changed his name to Masatora UESUGI, and was later appointed to Kanto Kanrei, an important post in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which is inherited by the Uesugi clan.
Japanese: のちに関東管領上杉憲政から上杉氏の家督を譲られ、上杉政虎と名を変えて上杉氏が世襲する室町幕府の重職関東管領に任命される。
English: Thereafter, Kenshin was granted Henki (a portion of the name of a person in the high rank, which is given to a retainer to show the subordination) from Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and ultimately he was named Terutora UESUGI..
Japanese: 後に将軍足利義輝より偏諱（へんき）を受けて最終的には上杉輝虎と名乗った。
English: Especially, the Battle of Kawanakajima, which was implemented five times, is well known since it is often a subject matter of stories in future generations.
Japanese: 特に五回に及んだとされる武田信玄との川中島の合戦は、後世たびたび物語として描かれており、よく知られている。
English: On February 28, 1530, he was born as Torachiyo, the fourth (or third) son of Tamekage NAGAO, Shugodai of Echigo Province, at Kasugayama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 享禄3年（1530年）1月21日、越後国守護代・長尾為景の四男（または三男）・虎千代として春日山城に生まれる。
English: It is believed that his older brother, Harukage NAGAO, took over the reigns of the family in 1536 and that Torachiyo became a disciple of Rinsen-ji Temple (Joetsu City) in the town around the castle and received teachings from the chief priest Koiku TENSHITSU.
Japanese: 天文(元号)5年（1536年）に兄の長尾晴景が家督を継ぎ、虎千代は城下の林泉寺(上越市)に入門して住職の天室光育の教えを受けたとされる。
English: It is considered that since Torachiyo did not have good relations with his natural father Tamekage, he was distanced by becoming a disciple of the temple.
Japanese: 実父と仲が良くなかったため、為景から避けられる形で寺に入れられたこととされている。
English: Torachiyo, on attaining manhood on September 23, 1543 changed his name to Kagetora NAGAO, and entered Tochio-jo Castle to rule the territory of the Nagao family in Chuetsu.
Japanese: 天文12年（1543年）8月15日に元服して長尾景虎と名乗り、中越の長尾家領統治のため栃尾城に入る。
English: During that time, the Tenbun War broke out in Echigo Province when Sadazane UESUGI, Shugo (a provincial military governer), was to adopt Sanemoto DATE, son of Tanemune DATE, as a son-in-law, and Kokujin-shu (powerful families in a province) in the province were divided in favor or opposing such an adoption, but Kenshin's brother, Harukage, could not settle this internal conflict due to his illness.
Japanese: 当時、越後では守護上杉定実が伊達稙宗の子・伊達実元（伊達実元）を婿養子に迎える件で天文の乱が起こっており、越後の国人衆も養子縁組に賛成派と反対派に二分されていたが、兄の晴景は病弱なこともあって内紛を治めることはできなかった。
English: In the same year, on attaining manhood, Kagetora won a victory in his first campaign for subduing local ruling families in Echigo Province who had rebelled against the sickly Harukage.
Japanese: 景虎は元服した同年、病弱な晴景を侮り反乱を起こした越後の豪族を討伐することで初陣を飾った。
English: When Hidetada KURODA, lord of Kurotaki-jo Castle, rebelled against the Nagao clan in 1546, Kagetora was ordered by Sadazane UESUGI to subdue Hidetada on behalf of his older brother as supreme commander and eventually destroyed the Kuroda clan.
Japanese: 天文15年（1546年）には黒滝城城主の黒田秀忠が長尾氏に対して謀反を起こすと、景虎は、兄に代わって上杉定実から討伐を命じられ、総大将として黒田氏を滅ぼした。
English: Some local lords in Echigo Province, who had been dissatisfied with Harukage, backed Kagetora and forced Harukage to withdraw; as a result, relations between Harukage and Kagetora was aggravated.
Japanese: するとかねてから晴景に不満をもっていた越後の国人の一部は景虎を擁立し晴景に退陣を迫るようになり、晴景と景虎との関係は険悪なものとなった。
English: On Feburary 7, 1549, through the mediation of Sadazane, Harukage adopted Kagetora, then transferred the family headship to him and retired.
Japanese: 天文17年（1548年）、定実の調停のもと、12月30日、晴景は景虎を養子とした上で家督を譲って隠退する。
English: Kagetora entered Kasugayama-jo Castle which was a headquarter of Nagao clan, and at the age of 19, succeeded to the family headship and became Shugodai of Echigo Province.
Japanese: 景虎は長尾氏の本拠である春日山城に入り、19歳で家督を相続し、越後守護代となる。
English: In 1550, two years later in the old lunar calender, Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA recognized the social status of Kagatora as lord of Echigo Province, as Sadazane died with no successors.
Japanese: 2年後の天文19年（1550年）には、定実が後継者を遺さずに死去したため、将軍・足利義輝は景虎の越後国主の地位を認めた。
English: In the same year, Masakage NAGAO (Ueda Nagao family), a member of the family and lord of Sakato-jo Castle rebelled, as he was dissatisfied with Kagetora's succession to the family headship.
Japanese: 同年、一族の坂戸城主・長尾政景（上田長尾家）が景虎の家督相続に不満を持って反乱を起こした。
English: In the Tenbun era, invasions of Shinano by Shingen TAKEDA, Kai Province, and of Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto) by Ujiyasu HOJO, Sagami Province, were implemented full-scale against a backdrop of Ko So Sun Sangoku Domei (tripartite of Kai-Sagami- Suruga alliance), and due to these invasions by both parties which dispatched troops to each other under the Koso Alliance (an alliance between the Takeda clan in Kai Province and the Hojo clan in Sagami Province), Kagetora was forced to take a double front strategy.
Japanese: 天文年間には甲相駿三国同盟を背景とした甲斐の武田信玄による信濃侵攻と相模の北条氏康による北関東侵攻が本格化しており、甲相同盟により相互に出兵した両者の侵攻により、景虎は二正面作戦を余儀なくされる。