nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, the child of Yorinobu, defeated Abe clan (Oshu), the head of barbarians who thrived in Okuroku District, Mutsu Province in Zen Kunen no Eki (the Early Nine Years' War), and his child, MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, suppressed the internal discord of Kiyohara clan, the head of barbarians who thrived in Dewa (Gosannen no Eki (the Later Three Years' War)), thereby increasing his reputation.
Japanese: 頼信の子、源頼義は前九年の役にて陸奥国奥六郡に蛮拠する俘囚長　安倍氏(奥州)を討ち、その子、源義家は出羽の俘囚長、清原氏の内紛を治め（後三年の役）、声望を高めた。
English: Thus, Kawachi-Genji won their samurai name, and practically established their position as the direct descendant of Seiwa-Genji.
Japanese: 河内源氏はこのように武名を現したことから、事実上清和源氏の嫡流の地位を占めるに至った。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, the eldest son of Yoshiie, was appointed as Tsushima-kokushu （the Lord of Tsushima Province), but later expelled after being accused of anticourt behaviors.
Japanese: 義家の長男・源義親は対馬国守に任ぜられ、その後義親は反朝廷的行為などの罪を問われて追討を受けている。
English: After Yoshiie's death, MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, who succeeded the reign of the family, was assassinated by machinations of MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, which led to the weakening of the power of Kawachi-Genji.
Japanese: 義家の死後、家督を継いだ源義忠が源義光の策謀で暗殺されると河内源氏の勢力は弱体化する。
English: While MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, who succeeded MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, was unable to implement effective measures, TAIRA no Masamori, a branch of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) who won the favor of Retired Emperor Shirakawa, solidified his position.
Japanese: 源義忠の後を継いだ源為義が効果的な施策を打ち出せずにいた一方、白河院の寵愛を受けた伊勢平氏傍流の平正盛が地位を固めていった。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who lived in the east and was the son of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, who lived in unfortunate circumstances, gathered samurai from the Kanto region who received Kawachi-Genji's special favors, and supported the Emperor in the Hogen Disturbance.
Japanese: 不遇を囲った源為義の子で東国に下っていた源義朝は、保元の乱において、河内源氏恩顧の関東の武士を糾合して天皇方に立った。
English: However, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who lost many of his family, could not expand his power compared to TAIRA no Kiyomori, who also supported the Emperor.
Japanese: しかし、一族の多くを失った源義朝は、同じく天皇方についた平清盛と比較して勢力を伸ばすことができなかった。
English: Accordingly, Yoshitomo, in an attempt to recover the power of Kawachi-Genji, formed an alliance with FUJIWARA no Nobuyori to confine Emperor Goshirakawa and began the Heiji War.
Japanese: そのため、義朝は河内源氏の勢力回復をはかり、藤原信頼と手を結んで後白河天皇を幽閉、平治の乱を起こす。
English: Although Yoshitomo once took the reins of government, the tide turned when TAIRA no Kiyomori secretly rescued the Retired Emperor, etc.
Japanese: 一時天下を我が物にした義朝だったが、平清盛らが秘密裏に上皇らを救出したことで形勢逆転。
English: However, he was killed along the way by Tadamune OSADA from Owari Province, who was the father-in-law of his trustworthy assistant, Masakiyo KAMATA.
Japanese: しかし、道中で、腹心の鎌田政清の舅になる尾張国の長田忠致の手にかかって殺害された。
English: After over 20 years, with exhortations by Settsu-Genji MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, who obeyed Prince Mochihito's order and MINAMOTO no Yukiie, a Kawachi-Genji branch who had been hiding in Kumano, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, MINAMOTO no Mareyoshi, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, MINAMOTO no Gien, and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune (the sons of Kawachi-Genji MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo); MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka (Jiro Yoshinaka KISO), the son of MINAMOTO no Yoshikata (a brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo) and a cousin of Yoritomo; Nobuyoshi TAKEDA from Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) Takeda clan, a descendant of MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu (Shinra-Saburo Yoshimitsu) (a brother of Yoshiie HACHIMAN TARO); and so on raised armies across the country to begin the Jisho-Juei War, the so-called Genpei War.
Japanese: 20年余の時を経て、以仁王の令旨を奉じた摂津源氏の源頼政、熊野に潜んでいた河内源氏庶流の源行家らの檄を受け、河内源氏の源義朝の子である源頼朝、源希義、源範頼、源義円、源義経ら兄弟や、源義朝の弟の源義賢の子であり、頼朝の従兄弟にあたる源義仲（木曾次郎義仲）、八幡太郎義家の弟の源義光（新羅三郎義光）の子孫の甲斐源氏武田氏の武田信義らが各地で挙兵し、俗に源平合戦と呼ばれる治承・寿永の乱が発生する。
English: Initially, the Taira clan overwhelmed the Minamoto clan, but the tide gradually turned, and Yoritomo's forces of the Minamoto family defeat the Taira family in the Battle of Dannoura and won the war.
Japanese: 当初は平家が源氏を圧倒していたが、次第に形勢が逆転し、源家の頼朝軍が壇ノ浦の戦いで平家を滅ぼして勝利した。
English: After the demise of Emperor Goshirakawa who had disliked the rise of the samurai government and suppressed its power, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed as seii taishogun in 1192 and established what is now called the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 武家政権の台頭を嫌いその勢威を抑制してきた後白河天皇が死去すると、1192年に征夷大将軍に任ぜられ、今日でいう鎌倉幕府が成立した。
English: With respect to the line of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, however, MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the son of Yoritomo, was killed by Kugyo, the son of MINAMOTO no Yoriie (a brother of Yoritomo).
Japanese: ただし、源頼朝の系統は、頼朝の子源実朝が、兄源頼家の子公暁に殺害された。
English: Kyugyo was then captured and put to death, which led to the extinction of the male line in the Minamoto family, while the female line also became completely extinct by the death of Take no Gosho, the daughter of Yoriie, whose child was stillborn.
Japanese: その公暁も捕らえられて処刑されたため男系は断絶、女系も頼家の娘・竹御所が死産により死去したことで完全に断絶した。
English: In Kamakura bakufu, the Minamoto family was divided into two types: gomonyo (a family with honorary status) who were allowed to use the family name Minamoto depending on their blood line or achievements; and families who were not permitted to call themselves Minamoto and used myoji (family name).
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府において、源氏一門は、血統や功績等により源姓を称することが許される御門葉と、源姓を称することが適わず、名字を称するものに区別された。
English: Takauji ASHIKAGA, the head of the distinguished Ashikaga clan from Seiwa-Genji who stood above others during the confusion at the end of Kamakura bakufu, defeated the counterforce, and was appointed seii taishogun as the head of the samurai family in 1338 and established the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府末期の混乱期に頭角を表した清和源氏の名門足利氏の棟梁足利尊氏は、対抗勢力を打ち破り、武家の棟梁として1338年に征夷大将軍に任じられ室町幕府を開く。
English: Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was the first Genji choja (the top of the Minamoto clan) who was from Seiwa-Genji, thus paving the way for prospective shogun to be the Genji choja.
Japanese: 足利義満は、清和源氏出身者として初めて源氏長者となり、その後の将軍が源氏長者となる道を開いた。
English: In the Sengoku period (period of warring states), some began to call themselves the descendants of Seiwa-Genji to exaggerate their kakaku (family status).
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)には、清和源氏の末裔を称して家格を誇張する者も出てきた。
English: The Yozei-Genji Theory by historian Hisashi HOSHINO in the Meiji period claimed, "The ancestor of Seiwa-Genji was actually Emperor Yozei, not Emperor Seiwa; but as Emperor Yozei was a tyrant, the name Seiwa-Genji was used instead Yozei-tei."
Japanese: 陽成源氏説は明治の歴史学者星野恒の説で、『清和源氏の祖は実は清和天皇ではなく陽成天皇であるが、暴君であったとされる陽成帝の名を冠せず清和源氏を名乗った』というものである。
English: This is supported by the family document of Tanaka, who was a Shinto priest of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, describing that the Imperial instruction of 1046, which was dedicated to Homutarama no misasagi (Mausoleum of Emperor Ojin) by MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, explicitly described that 'the ancestors are Shinbochi, Tsunemoto, Imperial Prince Motohira, Emperor Yozei, and Emperor Seiwa, from newest to oldest.'
Japanese: 石清水八幡宮祠官田中家文書の中に源頼信が誉田山陵（応神天皇陵）に納めたと称する永承元年告文に「先人新発、其先経基、其先元平親王、其先陽成天皇、其先清和天皇」と明記してあることが根拠である。
English: However, this is uncertain because the document is a manuscript with a proviso on the back stating that the contents were corrected.
Japanese: 然し、この文書は写本であり、告文の裏面に校正したと但書きがあることから信憑性を疑うむきもある。
English: Although some scholars agree with this theory, it is yet to be widely accepted in the academic circles.
Japanese: この説に賛意を示す学者もいるが、広く学界の承認するまでには至っていない。
English: (Tsuneaki AKASAKA) It assumed that MINAMOTO no Tsunetada, whose name appeared in Oujinojaku fusei jiken (the case of unauthorized use of the family name 'O') of 953 cited in "Gonki" (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary) and was charged in representing himself as the descendant of Emperor Yozei (he was actually the descendant of Emperor Seiwa), was Tsunemoto or his brother, and interpreted that Yorinobu attempted to retrieve his honor by insisting in a petition that he was in fact the descendant of Emperor Yozei.
Japanese: （赤坂恒明氏）　『権記』に引用されている天暦七年の王氏爵不正事件に現れる、清和天皇の子孫でありながら陽成天皇子孫を詐称したとして罰せられた源経忠を経基あるいはその兄弟と推定し、頼信が願文で陽成天皇の子孫であることは真実であると主張して名誉回復を図ったと解釈する。
English: Illusion of Yozei-Genji' "Seishi to Kamon" (family name and family crest), 1989, (Toshio HOGA) Claimed that the conventional family tree was authentic.
Japanese: 「陽成源氏の幻想」『姓氏と家紋』1989年,（宝賀寿男氏）　旧来の系図が正しいという立場。
English: Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture was home to the heads of the samurai family of Kawachi-Genji, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, Yoriyoshi, and Yoshiie, and is the home to the graves of Kawachi-Genji, including HACHIMAN TARO Yoshiie, and the ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion), Hachiman-gu Shrine and Tsuboi-gongen Shrine.
Japanese: 大阪府羽曳野市は、源頼信、頼義、義家と続く武家棟梁となった河内源氏の本拠地であり、八幡太郎義家をはじめとする河内源氏の墓や、氏神の壷井八幡宮や壷井権現がある。
English: In May 1939, Tada-jinja Shrine, located in Tadain, Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture and enshrining MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, established 'Seiwa-Genji Dozokukai' (Seiwa-Genji family council) to worship the deity and ancestors as the family of Seiwa-Genji, and for the development of industries and cultures in Japan, and mutual friendship among the family.
Japanese: 源満仲を祭神とする兵庫県川西市多田院にある多田神社では1939年5月、清和源氏一門として崇神崇祖、日本の産業と文化発展、一門の相互親和を図る目的で「清和源氏同族会」を設立した。
English: Another Tada-jinja Shrine, located in Nakano Ward, Tokyo Metropolis and enshrining Manju, also established 'TADA no Manju Dozokukai' (TADA no Manju family council) in 1962 to worship the deity and ancestors.
Japanese: また東京都中野区にも存在する満仲を祭神とした多田神社でも敬神崇祖を目的として1962年に「多田満仲同族会」が結成されている。
English: Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture, home to the founder of Seiwa-Genji, TADA no Manju, is promoting regional development as the 'hometown of Minamoto clan,' based on its history.
Japanese: 兵庫県川西市では清和源氏の祖、多田満仲の本拠地であったところから、その歴史にちなんで「源氏のふるさと」として地域振興をしている。
English: Kawanishi City commissions famous people or a person from Kawanishi City as an 'ambassador of hometown of Minamoto clan,' in an effort to promote sightseeing.
Japanese: 同市ゆかりの有名人または出身者に対して「源氏のふるさと大使」を委嘱し観光PRに努めている。
English: Incidentally, Seiwadai (Seiwadai branch of Hankyu Bus Co., Ltd. etc.), a new town in Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture, is presumably named after Seiwa-Genji.
Japanese: なお、兵庫県川西市のニュータウンである清和台（阪急バスの清和台営業所などがそれ）は清和源氏の名から来ているとされる。
English: Shigeno clan (their family name is not Minamoto, but they are called descendants of Imperial Prince Sadayasu, the fifth prince of Emperor Seiwa.)
Japanese: 滋野氏…源姓ではないが、清和天皇の第5皇子貞保親王の後裔とも称する。
English: It is often viewed that, as seii taishogun was appointed from the Minamoto clan by convention, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA borrowed a spot in the family tree so as to be a descendant of the Nitta clan, thereby calling himself 'Minamoto no Ason' so that he could become seii taishogun.
Japanese: そのため、慣例で源氏がなるとされていた征夷大将軍に任官されるために、新田氏の末裔となるべく系図を借り受けて「源朝臣」を称するようになったという解釈がされることが多い。
English: According to the study by Kazuhiko KASAYA et al., however, Ieyasu already called himself Minamoto no Ason in the Emperor Goyozei's Imperial visit to Jurakudai (Hideyoshi's residence and office in Kyoto) of 1588.
Japanese: しかし、笠谷和比古等の研究によると、1588年の後陽成天皇聚楽第行幸の際には、家康はすでに源朝臣を名乗っていたという。
English: Another theory claims that by the era Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, the grandfather of Ieyasu, Ieyasu had already referred to himself as a descendant of the Serada clan.
Japanese: また、家康の祖父の松平清康の代には既に世良田氏の子孫を名乗っていたという説もある。
English: Later, in 1603, Ieyasu was appointed as seii taishogun and Genji choja, and established the bakufu.
Japanese: その後家康は慶長八年（1603年）に征夷大将軍と源氏長者に任じられ、幕府を開いた。
English: The Shimazu clan, a daimyo (feudal lord) (which were called Shugo (provincial constable) in the Kamakura period, Shugo daimyo (Shugo that became daimyo) in the Muromachi period, Sengoku daimyo (daimyo in the Sengoku period) in the Sengoku period, and the lord of Satsuma domain in the Edo period) in Satsuma Province, was also originally from Koremune clan, and Tadahisa SHIMAZU, the founder of Shimazu family, was referred to as KOREMUNE no Hirokoto (the recent widely-accepted theory is that Tadahisa SHIMAZU was a child of KOREMUNE no Tadayasu).
Japanese: 薩摩国の大名（鎌倉時代は守護、室町時代は守護大名、戦国時代は戦国大名、江戸時代は薩摩藩主）島津氏も元来は惟宗氏の出で、島津家の祖・島津忠久は惟宗広言とされてきた（近年では惟宗忠康の子という説が有力）。
English: It is believed that Tadahisa referred to himself as 'Minamoto no Ason' by borrowing a spot in the family tree showing that 'Tadahisa was Yoritomo's child born out of wedlock.'
Japanese: その理由付けとして「忠久は頼朝の庶子」という系図を借り受けて「源朝臣」を称するようになったとされている。
English: The date of April 3 is evaluated by converting the date of March 11, AD 586 (in the lunar calendar), which is said to be the day of the demise of the Emperor, into the Gregorian calendar.
Japanese: 4月3日は、崩御の日とされる太歳己卯（紀元前586年）3月11日(旧暦)をグレゴリオ暦に換算したものである。
English: Jinmu tenno-sai Festival commenced in the generation of Emperor Komei in the closing days of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and it was regulated under the 'Shiji Saiten Teisoku' (the Regulations of Seasonal Ceremonies), which was defined in September 1871.
Japanese: 神武天皇祭は幕末の孝明天皇代に始まり、明治4年（1871年）9月に定められた「四時祭典定則」で規則化された。
English: After that, it was given legal force under the 'Koshitsu Saishi Rei' (the Ordinance of Imperial Household Religious Rites) in 1908.
Japanese: その後、明治41年（1908年）の「皇室祭祀令」で改めて法制化された。
English: It was officially abolished in 1947, but it still continues as a private ceremony of the Imperial Household.
Japanese: 昭和22年（1947年）に公的には廃止されたが、皇室の私的行事として存続している。
English: Although it is just one of the religious services for the ancestors of the Imperial Household, Emperor Jinmu is treated differently from the other successive emperors.
Japanese: 皇室の祖先祭祀のひとつであるが、他の歴代天皇とは別格の扱いを受けている。
English: A religious service is performed for four previous emperors (going back four generations from the current emperor) on the anniversary of their death each year, while a religious service is performed for other emperors only on Shiki nen sai: 3 years, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, 30 years, 40 years, 50 years, subsequently 100 years after the death of an emperor.
Japanese: 歴代天皇の祭祀は、先帝四代(現天皇の前4代の天皇)は毎年崩御日に祭祀されるが、それ以外の天皇は式年祭（3年・5年・10年・20年・30年・40年・50年・以後100年ごと）にのみ祭祀が行なわれる。
English: However, the religious service for Emperor Jinmu is performed every year as he is the first ancestor of the Imperial line.
Japanese: しかし、神武天皇に関しては、皇統の始祖として毎年祭祀されるのである。
English: Therefore it is called Jinmu tenno-sai instead of Jinmu tenno-reisai, although the term "reisai" (an annual ceremony) is used for the festivals for the other emperors.
Japanese: そのため、名称も他の天皇のように神武天皇例祭ではなく、神武天皇祭となっている。
English: On the day of Jinmu tenno-sai Festival, a ceremony is performed at the Korei-den (the Imperial Ancestors' Shrine), and an imperial messenger is sent to the Mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu to offer heihaku (Shinto offerings such as cloth, paper, and rope).
Japanese: 当日、皇霊殿で儀式が行なわれるとともに、神武天皇陵には勅使が参向し奉幣される。
English: Under the old system, it was speculated that the emperor himself visits the mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu on shiki nen sai for worshipping.
Japanese: なお、旧制では式年祭には、天皇自ら神武天皇陵へ行幸して参拝することが定められていた。
English: Rites and festivals are performed at some shrines across the country, mainly at the shrines that honor Emperor Jinmu such as Kashihara-jingu Shrine and Miyazaki-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: また、橿原神宮・宮崎神宮などの神武天皇を祀る神社を中心として、全国の神社の一部で祭典が行なわれる。
English: Kannamesai (a.k.a. Kanname no Matsuri, Kannie no Matsuri) is a rite and festival of Ise-jingu Shrine and the imperial court.
Japanese: 神嘗祭（かんなめさい・かんなめのまつり・かんにえのまつり）とは、神宮（伊勢神宮）と宮中の祭礼である。
English: In the past, sacred sake and food offered to the god was given to an imperial envoy on September 11 (old calendar), and it was presented to the god on September 17 (old calendar).
Japanese: かつては旧暦9月11日(旧暦)に勅使に御酒と神饌を授け、旧暦9月17日(旧暦)に奉納していた。
English: After the change to the solar calendar in 1872, the Kannamesai was also changed to be performed on September 17 on the new calendar, which was too early for the new grain, and therefore it was postponed by one month to be performed on October 17 on the new calendar since 1879.
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）の太陽暦改暦以降は新暦9月17日に実施するようになったが、これでは新穀が間に合わないため、明治12年（1879年）以降は月遅れで新暦10月17日に行われるようになった。
English: Since the ancient times, the Imperial Family used to dispatch Heihakushi (a messenger who brings a sacramental strip of paper (silk)) to Ise-jingu Shrine on the Kannamesai, but the dispatch was often stopped after the Onin War.
Japanese: 古来より、神嘗祭には皇室から神宮に幣帛使が派遣されていたが、応仁の乱以降は中断されることも多くなった。
English: Since the dispatch of the Heihakushi started again in 1647 in Edo period, the dispatch has continued until now.
Japanese: 江戸時代に入り正保4年（1647年）に幣帛使の発遣が復活して以降、今日まで途切れることなく発遣が行われている。
English: Prior to the rite of the Kannamesai, the emperor bows the knee to Ise-jingu Shrine from away in the southern peripheral space of Shinka-den, one of the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 神嘗祭の儀式に先立って、天皇は宮中三殿の神嘉殿南庇で神宮を遥拝する。
English: After the war, due to the enforcement of Act on National Holidays, it is not a national holiday anymore, and the rite is performed only in the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court and Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 戦後は、国民の祝日に関する法律の施行により、国の祝祭日ではなくなり、宮中三殿と神宮（伊勢神宮）で儀式を執り行っている。
English: The Heihaku and an imperial envoy (ceremonial staff) are dispatched from the Imperial Family to the Ise-jingu Shrine to service hohei no gi (ceremony for offering a wand with hemp and paper streamers to a Shinto god).
Japanese: 神宮へは、皇室から幣帛と、勅使（掌典職）が遣わされ、奉幣の儀が奉仕される。
English: The transfer of a deity to a new shrine building once in twenty years is said to be in fact large scale Kannamesai.
Japanese: 20年に一度行なわれる神宮の式年遷宮は、実は大規模な神嘗祭だと言われている。
English: In Ise-jingu Shrine, the first Kannamesai after the transfer of the deity is also called 'Okannamesai' meaning great Kannamesai.
Japanese: 式年遷宮後最初に行われる神嘗祭は、神宮では「大神嘗祭」とも呼ばれる。
English: People in Ise City call the festival 'Omatsuri,' in which various celebration events are performed.
Japanese: 伊勢市の民衆は、この祭りを「おおまつり」と呼び、奉祝の各種行事を行う。
English: It is said that Shinto priests in Ise-jingu Shrine and Shinryomin of Ise do not eat new grain until the festival ends, but it is not known whether the rule is actually kept.
Japanese: 神宮の神職や伊勢の神領民はこの祭りが終わるまで新穀を口にしないといわれているが、実際に守られているかどうかは定かではない。
English: Oma Junkai: Takagawara, Kiyonoiba, Omakunari, Obata, Shitomi, Okochi, Uchikake, Wataraikunimi, Otsu, Kaminomiino, and Shimonomiino jinja Shrines
Japanese: 大間巡回：高河原・清野井庭・大間国生・小俣・志等美・大河内・打懸・度会国御神社・大津・上御井・下御井神社
English: Okunitama Junkai: Wataraiokunitamahime, Igari, Inaka, Yamazue, Tanoeomizu, Tanoeomizumimae, Kawarabuchi, Mike, Shioya, Kawara, Mori, Usunono, and Agata jinja Shrines
Japanese: 大国玉巡回：度会大国玉比売・伊我理・井中・山末・田上大水・同御前・河原淵・御食・志宝屋・河原・毛理・宇須乃野・県神社
English: Otsuchi Junkai: Tsunaga, Niikawa, Iwai, Omizu, Kawaai, Kumabuchi, Aedohashihime, Oyamatsumi, Koyasu, Ujiyoda, Najime, Ashihara, Otsuchimioya, Ujinonuki, Kunitsumioya, and Ashidate jinja Shrines
Japanese: 大土巡回：津長・新川・石井・大水・川相・熊淵・饗土橋姫・大山祇・子安・宇治山田・那自売・芦原・大土御祖・宇治乃奴鬼・国津御祖・葦立弖神社神社
English: Katada Junkai: Kanumi, Mishiodono, Katada, E, Kozaki, Komori, Arasaki, and Awamiko jinja Shrine
Japanese: 堅田巡回：加努弥・御塩殿神社・堅田・江・神前・許母利・荒前・粟皇子神社
English: Nowadays it is a 'shinsai' (a festival presided over by the emperor himself) held at the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court (Kensho, which is also called Kashikodokoro [the Imperial Sanctuary], Korei-den [the Imperial Ancestors' Shrine], and Shinden [Shrine]) on January 3 in the Gregorian calendar to celebrate the origin of the Imperial throne.
Japanese: 現在では新暦1月3日、天皇が宮中三殿（賢所・皇霊殿・神殿）においてみずから主宰する「親祭」であり、皇位の元始を祝ぐ儀式である。
English: Genshisai originated from chinsai (religious ceremony to appease the gods) which was performed at Hasshinden (eight shrines) of the governor of Jingikan (department of worship) on February 3, 1870 for appeasing Hasshin (the god), Tenjin chigi (the gods of heaven and earth), and imperial ancestors.
Japanese: 元始祭は、明治3年（1870年）1月3日(旧暦)、神祇官八神殿に八神・天神地祇・歴代の皇霊を鎮祭したのに始まる。
English: Genshi-sai Festival was added to taisai (grand festivals) in accordance with the 'Koshitu Saishi Rei' (the Ordinance of Imperial Household Religious Rites), which was established in 1908 as one of the 'Koshitsu-rei' (The Imperial Household Orders), and it became a public holiday in 1927.
Japanese: 明治41年（1908年）制定の「皇室祭祀令」（皇室令）において大祭に加えられ、昭和2年（1927年）に祝祭日となった。
English: After World War II, it was excluded from public holidays, but its ceremony is still performed at the Imperial Court as it was in the past.
Japanese: 戦後は国民の祝日からは外されたが、宮中では現在でも従来通りの元始祭が行われている。
English: In Confucian society that highly regards filial duty, it has been considered that the monarch should take the initiative in according his mother and her relatives every courtesy as an example for the people.
Japanese: 親に対する「孝」を重んじる儒教社会では、君主が人々に対する模範として、率先して母親やその親族に対して礼を尽くすべきであると考えられてきた。
English: An understanding of 春王正月条, an article written in the first year of Inko (Lu) (B.C. 721) in 'Kuyoden,' which is a commentary of "Shunju" (Spring and Autumn Annals) (i.e., the top article of Shunju), says '子以母貴、母以子貴' (Child is noble for its mother, and mother is noble for her child).
Japanese: 『春秋』の注釈書である「公羊伝」の隠公_(魯)元年春王正月条（すなわち『春秋』の冒頭記事にあたる）の解釈の中に「子以母貴、母以子貴（子は母を以って貴し、母は子を以って貴し）」という文章がある。
English: Its original meaning was that, if there is no legitimate child and a successor should be selected from among children born out of wedlock, the one born from a mother from the highest ranked origin should be selected.
Japanese: これは本来、嫡子がおらず庶子の中から後継者を選ぶ際には母親の出自の高い方を選ぶという意味であった。
English: However, the later part of '母以子貴7 was emphasized later, and people understood it as respect for the mother and her relatives.
Japanese: だが、後世に後半の「母以子貴」の部分が強調されて、母親及びその親族に対する尊重の意味に捉えられるようになった。
English: When Emperor Kanmu of Japan raised his maternal grand parents to higher rank posthumously on January 13, 791, he emphasized that his act follows the system of rites by saying '春秋之義。祖以子貴。此則礼經之垂典。帝王之恒範。' in his imperial decree ("Shoku Nihongi" - Chronicles of Japan Continued).
Japanese: 日本の桓武天皇が延暦9年壬辰12月1日(旧暦)（791年1月9日）に外祖父母を追贈した際の詔において「春秋之義。祖以子貴。此則礼經之垂典。帝王之恒範。」として、礼制に適った行為であることを強調している（『続日本紀』）。
English: However, his service covered not only financial services, but also social and political authorities, which caused various harmful effects.
Japanese: しかし、その奉仕の方法として経済的方法のみならず、社会的・政治的権限までも付与してしまったために、様々な弊害を引き起こした。
English: In China, relatives of the emperor's favorite concubine were raised to high ranks by the emperor to exercise their powers.
Japanese: 中国においては、寵妃の親族は皇帝によって引き立てられ顕位に上り権力を振るうことになる。
English: Especially in a state where a succession race was likely to occur and the emperor favors a specific concubine over others, her relatives were often raised as the guardian of successor candidates under the direct Imperial rule allowing them to have a great political influence.
Japanese: 特に後継者争いが生じやすい状況ではその後見人として、皇帝親政において、ある特定の妃を寵愛した場合にその親族が取り立てられ外戚が権勢を振るうことが多い。
English: When a very young emperor ascended the throne, the empress dowager was generally appointed as his guardian, and therefore the empress dowager often raised her own relatives to support herself.
Japanese: 幼い皇帝が即位した場合、その後見として皇太后が付くことが多いため、自らの親族を補佐の為に取り立てることも多かった。
English: In the Later Han, because young emperors continued, the maternal relatives were used as a power to oppose eunuchs, or eunuchs were used to put a brake on the maternal relatives.
Japanese: また、後漢においては幼帝が続いたために宦官に対抗する権力として外戚を利用したり、外戚を牽制するために宦官を利用するなどした。
English: This often caused political disorder, and the maternal relatives were always the thorn in the side of the dynasty as a poison that monopolizes the powers along with the eunuchs.
Japanese: そのため、しばしば政治に混乱が生じ、宦官と共に権力を壟断する害悪として常に王朝の頭痛の種になった。
English: On the contrary, the Qin Dynasty performed a reformation of gathering the powers to the king by expelling the maternal relatives who held positions of power, this consequently led to the unification of China by the First Emperor, Shi Huangdi.
Japanese: 逆に秦は権力を持った外戚らを追放することにより、権力を王中心に持たせる変革を行い、後に始皇帝による中国統一へと繋がった。
English: In Japan, the ancient method of making one's own daughter an emperor's bride was practiced, having her give birth to a prince that would be the next emperor, and supporting the prince as his maternal grandfather, thereby increasing and maintaining the political power of his relatives.
Japanese: 日本においては、天皇に自分の娘を嫁がせ次の天皇に成る皇子を産ませ、その皇子を擁立し外祖父として一族の政治力を強化・維持する方法が古代より知られている。
English: Using this method, the affairs of state were conducted for a long time by the maternal relatives such as the Miwa clan, the Mononobe clan, the Owari clan, the Katsuragi clan, the Otomo clan, the Fujiwara clan, and the Soga clan.
Japanese: この方法で、三輪氏・物部氏・尾張氏・葛城氏・大伴氏・藤原氏・蘇我氏などによる外戚関係・外戚政治が長年行われていた。