nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1935, "Uetsufumi", issued from Jindai Bunka Kenkyukai (a study group of ancient time culture) was based on the "Ando-bon" which was a manuscript of "Munakata-bon" by Kazuma ANDO, the Nozu Village.
Japanese: 1935年（昭和10年）に、神代文化研究会から刊行された『上記』は、野津町の安藤一馬が「宗像本」を書写した「安藤本」を底本とするものである。
English: In 1873, it turned out that the manuscript of "Uetsufumi" was secretly stored in the old family of Usuki, Otomo (Otomo-bon), and Kimatsu SHUNTO, a scholar of Japanese classical literature of the old Usuki clan completed writing a copy of Otomo-bon in 1875 (Shunto-bon).
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）に、『上記』の写本が臼杵の旧家大友家に秘蔵されていることが分かり（大友本）、旧臼杵藩の国学者春藤倚松が1875年（明治8年）に大友本の臨写（底本に用紙を重ね書写すること）を完成させた（春藤本）。
English: Shunto-bon was donated to Usuki City in 2006 and specified as registered cultural property of Usuki City.
Japanese: また、春藤本は2006年（平成18年）に臼杵市に寄贈され、臼杵市登録文化財に指定されている。
English: Sachimatsu presented a copy of the manuscript to the Meiji government through Oita prefectural law in 1874.
Japanese: 1874年（明治7年）、幸松は写本の複写本1部を大分県令を通じて明治政府に献本。
English: According to the indication of Kyobusho (Ministry of Religion), Manae NEMOTO and Yoshikaze KIRA worked with coalition to translate "Uesufumi" and in 1875, they published 41 volumes of "Uetsufumi" and "Direct translation of Uetsufumi", Yorikuni INOUE published "Uetsufumibengi" and Sekiden GOTO "Uetsukiko".
Japanese: 教部省の意向で根本真苗・吉良義風が共同で『上記』の翻訳作業を行い、1875年（明治8年）に『上記』及び『上記直訳』41冊を発表すると、続けざまに、井上頼圀が『上津文辨義』、後藤碩田が『上記考』を発表した。
English: Yoshikaze KIRA wrote "Uetsufumi Syoyaku" based on the "Uetsufumi chokuyaku (direct translation of Uetsufumi) in 1877.
Japanese: 吉良義風は1877年（明治10年）に『上記直訳』を基に『上記鈔訳』を著している。
English: After that, Yoichiro TAJIKA wrote "Takachiho Komoji Den (Takachiho ancient characters history)" in 1876 and some researchers were suddenly fueled, but this was used by military men and statesmen as advertisement of nationalism, as you can see from the introduche, and also because the original book was written in ancient Japanese characters not recognized by the academic society, it was mostly ignored in general academic societies.
Japanese: その後も田近陽一郎が『高千穂古文字伝』（1876年）を著すなど一部の研究者はにわかに活気づいたが、教部省主導ということからも伺えるように軍人や政治家の国粋主義宣伝の材料にされてしまい、また原本が学会ではまったく認知されていない神代文字で書かれていたことから、一般の学会ではほとんど無視された。
English: The prewar Ministry of Home Affair (Japan) copied the dedicated book of Sachimatsu and completed 41 volumes of "Uetsufumi".
Japanese: また、内務省(日本)も幸松の献本を筆写し、『うへ津婦美』41冊を完成させた。
English: After "上記", "うへ津婦美(上つ文)", "Uetsufumi Chokuyaku" and "Uetsufumi Shoyaku" were stored in Naikaku bunko, they were transferred to National Archives of Japan due to the reorganization of central government ministries and agencies and are now open to public.
Japanese: 『上記』、『うへ津婦美（上つ文）』、『上記直訳』及び『上記鈔訳』は、内閣文庫に保管された後、中央省庁再編に伴い国立公文書館に移管され、現在は同館で公開されている。
English: "Uetsufumi Shoyaku" can be viewed at the Modern Digital Library in the National Diet Library.
Japanese: また『上記鈔訳』は、国立国会図書館の近代デジタルライブラリーで閲覧する事も可能である。
English: The relationship of "Uetsufumi" with the transmission of Sanka (folklore) is often pointed out and "Uetsufumi" is said to be a plagiarism of Sanka legend.
Japanese: 『上記』はサンカ(民俗学)の伝承との関係がしばしば指摘され、時にはサンカ伝承の盗作であると言われることもある。
English: The reasons are the Toyo-no-kuni characters used in Uetsufumi are very similar to the Sanka characters and there is a legend that Yoshinao OTOMO killed 1,600 Sanka people and stole their ancient books.
Japanese: その理由は『上記』で使われている豊国文字がサンカ文字とよく似ていることと、下総のサンカの伝承に「大友能直がサンカを1600人も殺し、昔から伝わっていた書物を奪った」というものがあることによる。
English: However, no one other than Kan Misaim introduced this as well as Sanka characters, so academic verification has not been done.
Japanese: ただし、この伝承もサンカ文字もともに三角寛以外に紹介した者がおらず、学術的な検証はできていない。
English: Also, Kan MISUMI was from Oita prefecture where "Uetsufumi" was discovered, and characters very similar to Sanka characters are used in "Uetsufumi" which only Kan MISUMI introduced.
Japanese: また、三角寛は『上記』の発見場所と同じ大分県出身であり、『上記』には三角寛だけが紹介したサンカ文字とよく似ている文字が使用されている。
English: In addition, Misumi is said to have had deep knowledge about medicinal plants, and the medicinal plants Misumi introduced covered most of the medicinal plants that appeared in "Uetsufumi", in which "Uetsufumi" and Sanka is combined by Misumi.
Japanese: 加えて、三角は薬草について造詣が深かったといわれているが、三角が紹介している薬草は『上記』に登場する薬草とかなりの部分で一致するなど、三角一人を介して『上記』とサンカが結合する構造になっている。
English: It was compiled by Rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language) Sanbaku INAMURA, Genzui UDAGAWA, and Hosetu OKADA and others in 1796.
Japanese: 寛政8年（1796年）蘭学者の稲村三伯、宇田川玄随、岡田甫説らによって編纂された。
English: Zenzaburo NISHI, a Dutch interpreter in Nagasaki started to compile a Dutch-Japanese Dictionary; however, he died while he was working on compilation and his work was unfinished.
Japanese: 長崎通詞の西善三郎は蘭日辞典編纂に着手したが、編纂作業中に死去し未完成に終わった。
English: A great deal of labor was needed to arrange enormous Dutch words in the order of ABC.
Japanese: 膨大なオランダ語の単語をABC順に並べる作業に、多大な労力が必要だったのである。
English: Sanbaku INAMURA, Gentaku OTSUKI's disciple keenly felt the need of Dutch-Japanese Dictionary and started the activity of compilation again.
Japanese: 大槻玄沢門下の稲村三伯が蘭和辞典の必要性を痛感し、編纂活動を開始した。
English: Sanbaku INAMURA was introduced to Tsuneemon ISHII who was compiling the Dutch-Japanese Dictionary continuing the will of the deceased Zenzaburo NISH, a Dutch interpreter in Nagasaki, and tackled the business of compilation of the Dutch-Japanese Dictionary in a manner of translating the 'Dictionary of the Dutch and French Languages' complied by French Francois Halma (published in 1729) into Japanese.
Japanese: 稲村三伯は、長崎通詞で西善三郎の遺志を継いで編纂事業に当たっていた石井恒右衛門を紹介され、フランス人フランソワ・ハルマ(FrançoisHalma)の「蘭仏辞書」（1729年）の日本語訳を作る要領で蘭日辞典編纂に取り組んだ。
English: By this, he was totally able to avoid the labor of arranging words of enormous Dutch in the order of ABC.
Japanese: この事で膨大なオランダ語の単語をABC順に並べる手間が、そっくり回避できたのである。
English: The compilation was finished in 1796 to complete the dictionary titled ''Haruma Wage" which included 64,035 words in 13 volumes.
Japanese: 編纂事業は寛政8年（1796年）に終わり、収録語数6万4035語、全13巻に渡る『ハルマ和解（波留麻和解）』として完成を見た。
English: Later, it was published from 1798 to 1799.
Japanese: その後、寛政10年（1798年）から寛政11年（1799年）にかけて刊行された。
English: "Be" was often named after emperors, empresses, or imperial princes like Osaka-be or Nukata-be.
Japanese: 刑部・額田部など天皇・后妃・皇子などの王名や宮号を冠していることが多い。
English: According to "Kanshoku Yokai (Guide to Titles of Officials)," it was "the system (called bemin-sei) established in order to pass on great achievements of the royal family to coming generations."
Japanese: 「官職要解」には、『王族の功業を後世に伝えるために置かれた部民制』とされている。
English: The Kawamata Incident was a struggle that took place on February 13, 1900 in Kawamata, Sanuki Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (the present Meiwa Town, Gunma Prefecture) between police and peasants who were marching to Tokyo to protest to the Meiji government against the Ashio Copper Mine Mineral Pollution Incident.
Japanese: 川俣事件は、1900年2月13日、群馬県邑楽郡佐貫村川俣（現明和町(群馬県)）で、足尾鉱毒事件に関して、政府に請願するために出かける途中の農民と警官が衝突した事件。
English: Of those 67 peasants arrested in the Kawamata Incident, 51 persons were charged with mass rioting, but on December 25, 1902 the Sendai Court of Appeal finally decided to drop the case and none of them were charged with any crimes.
Japanese: 農民67名が逮捕され、うち51名が兇徒聚集罪などで起訴されたが、1902年12月25日、仙台控訴審で起訴無効という判決が下り、実質的に全員不起訴という形で決着した。
English: As the mining pollution damage caused by the Ashio copper mine became serious, Shozo TANAKA, a member of the House of Representatives, set up a mining damage office for both Ibaragi and Gunma Prefecture on October 4, 1896 at Unryu-ji Temple in Watase Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (the present Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture.)
Japanese: 足尾銅山による鉱毒被害が増大すると、衆議院議員田中正造の主導の下、1896年10月4日、群馬県邑楽郡渡瀬村(群馬県)（現館林市）にある雲龍寺に、栃木・群馬両県鉱毒事務所がおかれた。
English: Peasants gathered and decided to go to Tokyo for the first petition on March 2, 1897.
Japanese: 農民らは結束して東京に請願に出かけることにし、1897年3月2日、第1回の請願が行われた。
English: There was a railway to Tokyo, but peasants went to Tokyo on foot because they were so poor that they could not afford to buy train tickets due to the mining damages.
Japanese: 当時、鉄道はあったが、鉱毒被害地から東京までの運賃が、鉱毒で貧困化していた農民らにとっては非常に高かったため、徒歩という方法がとられた。
English: In the first demonstration, peasants was able to meet Takeaki ENOMOTO, the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, who visited the copper-poisoned area in Ashio right after the meeting with the peasants.
Japanese: 第1回押出しは、榎本武揚農商務大臣との面会に成功し、榎本はこの直後、現地視察を行った。
English: Peasants felt Enomoto's inspection was not good enough and went to Tokyo again on March 24, 1897.
Japanese: しかし、榎本の視察があまりにおざなりだと感じた農民らは、同1897年3月24日再度押出しを行った。
English: (As a matter of fact, Enomoto was very shocked to see the polluted area and instantly decided to set up the first Ashio Copper Mine Survey Committee.) It is said to have mobilized 7,000 people for investigation.
Japanese: （実際には、榎本は鉱毒被災地の惨状に大変に驚き、第1次鉱毒調査委員会の設置を即決したことが分かっている）規模は7000人と伝えられる。
English: On their way to Tokyo, peasants found that a floating bridge in Kawamata had been removed by the police and in anger they swam to the other side of the river and hitched up boats.
Japanese: 途中の川俣にあった浮き船橋が、警察によって外されており、怒った農民らは対岸まで泳いで渡って船をつないだ。
English: (Some people say that the floating bridge had been removed simply because peasants arrived too late. In those days floating bridges were usually removed by the midnight.)
Japanese: （単に農民らの到着が遅かったため、という説もある。当時は夜更けには浮き船橋は通常、外されていた。）
English: In Iwatsuki City peasants were confronted with the police at Horin-ji Temple and the police told them to stop their demonstration.
Japanese: しかし、途中の岩槻市で、警察に芳林寺に押し込められた上に説諭された。
English: Only three representatives managed to get to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, but they had no chance to meet the Minister and went back home.
Japanese: 惣代らも、結局3名が農商務省にたどりついただけで、大臣には面会できずに帰った。
English: Peasants suffered another serious damages from the massive slugs released from the burst of the sedimentation pond built by the Ashio Copper Mine Survey Committee.
Japanese: 鉱毒調査委員会が銅山に設置を命じた鉱毒沈殿池が決壊し、再び鉱毒が下流に流れて被害を及ぼした。
English: Mainly due to this reason peasants started off for Tokyo on September 26, 1898 for the third mass demonstration.
Japanese: それが主要な原因となり、第3回の押出しが、1898年9月26日に行われた。
English: About 2,500 peasants managed to reach Hokima Hikawa-jinja Shrine in Fuchie Village, Minamiadachi County, Tokyo Prefecture (the present Adachi Ward, Tokyo.)
Japanese: 東京府南足立郡渕江村（現東京都足立区）の保木間氷川神社まで、約2500名がたどりついた。
English: Shozo TANAKA, who had played an important role in establishment of a mining damage office, also persuaded them.
Japanese: このとき、鉱毒事務所でも重要な役割を担っていた田中正造も説得に当たった。
English: Tanaka, who then was a member of the ruling party, thought he would be able to settle down this problem through discussion with the Minster of Agriculture and Commerce.
Japanese: 当時、田中は与党議員だったため、自身が農商務大臣に直接かけあうことで収拾がつけられると考えていたとされる。
English: The peasant representatives met Masami OISHI, the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce through Tanaka's good offices.
Japanese: 惣代らは、田中の口利きで当時の大石正巳農商務大臣との面会には成功した。
English: No consistent testimony was given at the trial of the Kawamata Incident.
Japanese: 川俣事件の事実に関しては、後の裁判での証言などがまったくかみ合わない。
English: It is no surprise that there were gaps between the police and peasants in their testimonies, but there were gaps in claims between peasants, too.
Japanese: 警官と農民の証言がかみ合わないのは当然だが、農民同士の証言も全くかみあっていない。
English: The court eventually decided to drop the case, so the true account of the Kawamata Incident has not been clarified.
Japanese: 裁判も、起訴無効という形で決着したため、事実関係については決着がついていない。
English: Many researchers think the testimony given by peasants are more exact than those given by the police, but many of peasants' testimony had no proof.
Japanese: 多くの研究者は、農民の証言がより正確だと考えているが、それでも説明のつかない部分が多い。
English: In February 1900 the peasants held a secret meeting and discussed the next demonstration.
Japanese: 1900年2月、農民らはひそかに会合を開き、次回の押出しの段取りを決めた。
English: Tanaka, who had previously dissuaded peasants from going for the demonstration, was now agreeable to their plan and decided to put questions to the National Diet session on the day of the demonstration.
Japanese: 前回説得する側に回った田中も、今度は説得することはなく、押出し決行日に合わせて国会で質問することにした。
English: However, the information about the plan except the date of the demonstration was actually passed to the police, who put out feelers in the peasants' assembles.
Japanese: しかし実際は、集会などに警察が探りをいれており、決行日以外の詳細は警察側も知っていた。
English: Around 11:00pm on February, 12 the Unryu-ji Temple's gong was tolled without a pause.
Japanese: 2月12日午後11時ごろ、雲龍寺の鐘が途切れることなく連続して打ち鳴らされた。
English: Some temples stopped tolling the temples' gongs at the police command, however, it was waste of labor, because the neighboring temples never stopped tolling the gongs.
Japanese: 警官に制止された寺もあったが、隣村の別の寺が鐘を打ち続けるため、制止は無駄であった。
English: There were about 700 to 800 peasants at Unryu-ji Temple at 1:00am on February 13.
Japanese: 2月13日午前1時、700から800人の農民が雲龍寺に集結していた。
English: Peasants said the police were very rude and entered the temple with their shoes on.
Japanese: 農民らによれば、土足で本堂に上がりこむなど、警官側が乱暴をはたらいたとしている。
English: Many researchers, however, say the correct figure was 2,500 which the police had announced.
Japanese: しかし、このときの人数は警察発表の2500人のほうがより確かだと考える研究者は多い。
English: Some researchers say that the number of 12,000 demonstrators includes those who joined the procession later.
Japanese: 前述の1万2000という数は、途中で合流した農民を含む数と考える研究者もいる。
English: Around 11 o'clock the police tried to arrest several demonstrators in front of Tatabayashi Police Office and some were injured.
Japanese: 途中、11時ごろに館林警察署前で数名が拘引されそうになり、負傷者が出た。
English: Police said they tried to arrest demonstrators because one demonstrator tried to break into the police office mounting on a horse.
Japanese: 警察側は、農民のうち1名が馬で警察署に乗り入れたのが原因としている。
English: Anyhow it is still unknown what actually happened there.
Japanese: いずれにしても、ここでどのようなやりとりがあったのか詳細は不明である。
English: After the judgment, some peasants said that demonstrators first threw stones to the police office.
Japanese: 裁判終結後の農民の言及には、農民側が先に警察署敷地に石を投げ込んだというものもある。
English: In those days there were no bridges over the Tone-gawa River and the only way to cross the river was to use a floating bridge in Kawamata.
Japanese: 当時、利根川にはほとんど橋がかかっておらず、川を渡れる場所は実質的に川俣しかなかった。
English: There were quintuple defense barriers made by riot police between Oura irrigation canal and the Tone-gawa River, so demonstrators avoided that route and followed the route led by boatmen.
Japanese: しかし、邑楽用水から利根川までの間には警官隊が5重の防衛ラインを張って待っていたため、農民らは船を運んでいる者たちを先導にして先を進んだ。
English: From their bitter experience in the demonstration before last, peasants had made arrangement of boats in case the floating bridge had been removed by the police.
Japanese: 前々回の反省から、この回の押出しでは、橋が外されたときに備えて農民らはあらかじめ船を用意していた。
English: (According to some peasants) the police made a raid upon peasants right after they gave a winding-up order and arrested demonstrators who were carrying the headmost boat.
Japanese: 警官隊は解散命令を発した直後に農民らに殴りかかり、先導の船を運んでいた農民らを相次いで逮捕、拘束した（農民らの証言による）。
English: Some of the accused demonstrators who were carrying the boat claimed in court that they heard no winding-up orders.
Japanese: ただし、先頭の船を運んでいた被告農民の中には、停止命令は聞こえなかったと裁判で主張した者もいる。
English: Many of the peasants in Kawamata had compassion for the demonstrators and took care of them.
Japanese: 川俣の農民は大多数が農民に同情的であり、ほかにも手当て、看護をした者は多くいたという。
English: The police arrested the persons whom they regarded as ringleaders on February 14 and 15 and totally sixty-seven demonstrators were arrested.
Japanese: 警察が首謀者、リーダーと目していた人物らは、14、15日に相次いで逮捕され、逮捕者の数は67名となった。
English: Several dozens or several hundreds of peasants managed to get to Tokyo, which route is still unknown, however, they made no petition to the government.
Japanese: ルートは不明だが、東京までたどり着いたものも数十名から数百名はいたとみられるが、その後の請願は行われなかった。
English: Shozo TANAKA, however, was not informed what was going on in Kawamata when he was raising questions about the copper-mine poisoning at the National Diet session.
Japanese: 一方、田中正造は事実を知らず、国会で鉱毒問題に関する質問を行っていた。
English: No weapons or violence was used at the all six demonstrations.
Japanese: 押出しは、第1回から第6回まで武器を持たず、暴力もふるわない形で行われている。
English: Thus, many researchers think that it was unlikely that peasants first did violence to the police on the fourth demonstration which developed into an incident.
Japanese: このため、事件となった第4回押出しも、農民側が先に警官に暴力をふるった例はないと考える研究者が多い。
English: The newspaper reporters who witnessed the incident testified in court that the police did not use sabers or any other weapons.
Japanese: 当時現場にいた新聞記者らも、裁判で証人として出廷したが、警官隊がサーベルなどの武器を用いたという証言はない。
English: Some said police threw sands at demonstrators and other said police and peasants both threw sands to each other.
Japanese: 警官側が農民に対し砂を投げた、という証言と、警官と農民の両者が砂を投げた、という証言がある。
English: However, some researchers say there were plenty of intentional mishearing by prosecutors in the investigation papers.
Japanese: ただし、調書に、検察側の意図的な聞き誤りが多く含まれるという研究もある。
English: Five peasants were charged with collective rioting and Unryu-ji Temple's chief priest was charged with masterminding a riot and seventeen peasants were charged with fomenting a riot, and the rest of twenty-eight peasants were charged with a minor offense.
Japanese: 農民5名が「暴動首魁ノ所為」、雲龍寺住職1名が「暴動教唆ノ所為」、農民17名が「扇動の所為」で、それぞれ重罪、残りの28名は軽罪で起訴された。
English: By the way, the Security Police Law was not yet enacted when the Kawamata Incident occurred on February 13, 1900.
Japanese: なお、治安警察法は、事件の起きた1900年2月13日にはまだ成立していない。
English: (Some researchers say the new law was adopted because the maximum sentence is lighter in a new law than an older law.
Japanese: （旧法よりも、新法である治安警察法のほうが最高刑が軽いため、新法での起訴となったという説もある。
English: Two peasants were sentenced to two months' imprisonment for violating the Security Police Law and twenty-seven peasants were sentenced to fines and imprisonment from four months to two years for obstructing officers and twenty-one peasants were found innocent of any crime.
Japanese: 2名が治安警察法で有罪（禁固2ヶ月）、官吏抗拒罪で罰金と禁固（4ヶ月～2年）が27名、無罪21名であった。
English: None of the peasants were found guilty of mass rioting (one accused person died during the public court,) but it could be said that the sentence was given in line with the prosecution's claim because the peasants whom the prosecutions regarded as ringleaders were imposed on a heavy penalty, even though they were not at the incident site.
Japanese: （被告のうち1名は公判途中で死去）兇徒聚集罪は認められなかったが、当時現場にいなかった、首謀者とされる農民らに重い刑を科すという意味では、検察側の主張に沿った判決となった。
English: Twenty-two prisoners were all moved to Tokyo on January 20, 1901 and once released by March 28 before the court was held.
Japanese: 裁判に先立ち、収監されていた22名は1901年1月20日すぎに東京に移されたが、3月28日までには全員がいったん釈放された。
English: The first public trial of the appellate court was held at the Tokyo Court of Appeal on September 20 and through this the Kawamata Incident received a greater attention from the mass media in Tokyo.
Japanese: 東京控訴院での2審は、9月20日に第1回公判が開かれたが、裁判の場所が東京に移ったことで、事件は東京のマスコミに注目されることとなった。
English: The mass media also went to the poisoned area and the copper-mine poisoning problem became widely known among them in Tokyo.
Japanese: この臨検にはマスコミも同行し、鉱毒被害は東京のマスコミに広く知られるようになった。
English: Particularly Yorozu Choho, Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun (It is unrelated to the present Mainichi Shimbun), Yomiuri Shimbun reported daily on the copper-mining problem and also about Shozo TANAKA's direct appeal to the emperor.
Japanese: 特に、萬朝報、横浜毎日新聞（現在の毎日新聞とは無関係）、読売新聞などは、鉱毒や、田中正造の直訴事件を連日のように伝えた。
English: People showed strong interest in this problem and groups of students visited the poisoned area and the Ashio Mine.
Japanese: おかげで学生らが団体で連日、鉱毒被害地や足尾銅山の見学をするなど、世論は沸騰した。
English: Then peasants held the fifth and the sixth demonstrations on February 19 and March 2 respectively.
Japanese: これに合わせて、2月19日、3月2日に、第5回、第6回の押出しが行われた。
English: Peasants started for the fifth demonstration not from formerly-used Unryu-ji Temple but from Yosei-ji Temple in Toshima Village, Saitama Prefecture (the present Kitakawabe Town.)
Japanese: 第5回押出しは、それまでの雲龍寺ではなく、埼玉県利島村（現北川辺町）の養性寺を起点として行われた。
English: About 1100 peasants came to Unryu-ji Temple to join the demonstration, but under the strict supervision by the police only 700 peasants who started from Yosei-ji Temple managed to go to Tokyo.
Japanese: 雲龍寺でも農民が1100人程度集結したが、警官の監視が厳しく、実際に東京に向かえたのは養性寺組の700名だけだった。
English: Two thousand peasants started from Yosei-ji Temple for the sixth demonstration and of those peasants, seven persons met the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Tosuke HIRATA.
Japanese: 第6回押出しも、養性寺を起点として行われ、農民2000名が東京に向かい、うち7名が3月6日に平田東助農商務大臣との面会に成功。
English: As a matter of fact, the government had already decided before their talks to form another Mine Poison Survey Committee and it had not been officially announced.
Japanese: ただし、第2次鉱毒調査委員会の設置は、既に閣議決定されていて、公布されていないだけであった。
English: On the other day 150 demonstrators intruded into the office of the Ministry of Home Affairs but the Minister of Home Affairs refused to meet them.
Japanese: 別の日に内務省に150名がなだれこんだが、内務大臣は面会を拒否した。
English: All forty-seven defendants including those who were found innocent also appealed acquittals of all defendants to the Supreme Court.
Japanese: 農民らも、あくまで全員無罪をかちとるために、無罪となった47名を含む全被告が上告した。
English: After documentary examination, the Supreme Court decided on May 11 to overturn the appellate court's ruling that none of the defendants were innocent and remanded the case to the lower courts.
Japanese: 大審院では書類のみの審査が行われ、5月11日、大部分の被告を無罪とするのは不当として2審判決を破棄、差し戻しとなった。
English: The Supreme Court turned down an appeal from eleven persons who had been found innocent and then they were finally convicted of innocence.
Japanese: 無罪となった者のうち11名の上告は認められず、この場で無罪が確定した。
English: Some researchers say the trial was held at a court different from the previous court because that would put a greater burden on peasants, but other researchers say it was customary to hold trials at a different court in those days.
Japanese: これを農民らに負担を強いるようしむけたものだと考える研究者もいるが、差し戻し審を前回と別の裁判所で行うのは当時の慣例だったという主張もある。
English: The defense suddenly proclaimed that the prosecutors' appeal was legally invalid because the petition of appeal was not written in the prosecutors' handwriting.
Japanese: 仙台の弁護人が、突然、申立書が検事直筆でないため、控訴は無効と主張した。
English: (The Code of Criminal Procedure at that time stipulated that all documents must have autograph signatures, otherwise they were judged to be invalid.)
Japanese: （当時の刑事訴訟法では、裁判で使われる調書類はすべて直筆の署名がないと無効になった。）
English: The defense team at the Tokyo Court as well as all defendants had not been informed of the fact that the prosecutors' appeal had no legal force.
Japanese: 申立書が無効という事実は東京側弁護団や被告には知らされていなかった。
English: The case had been found null and void right from the beginning because the first indictment submitted to the Maebashi District Court had been written by someone else and not by the prosecutors themselves.
Japanese: 実は、検察側が前橋地方裁判所に提出した最初の起訴状そのものも代筆で、そもそも裁判は最初から無効であった。
English: The lawyers in Sendai had been aware of that from the first public trial, but they did not mention it because they knew it would soon reach the statute of limitations for those misdemeanors and wanted to draw out the trial.
Japanese: 仙台側弁護士は、初公判の時点でこのことにも気づいていたが、軽罪での時効が迫っていたため、あえて裁判を長引かせ、時効を狙うために1審の起訴状については言及しなかった。
English: Then, on December 25 at the second public trial, the Court rendered a judgment that the case was invalid because there was no autograph of the prosecutor in the first bill.
Japanese: そして12月25日の第2回公判で、1審の起訴状に担当検事の署名がなく、起訴無効という判決がおりた。
English: It is still unknown how the lawyers in Sendai found that the bill had no autographs and how they obtained the autographs of the prosecutors in Maebashi City which was far from Sendai.
Japanese: 仙台の弁護士が、何故、起訴状の署名が代筆だと気づいたのか、遠く離れた前橋の検察官の直筆署名をどうやって手に入れたのかは不明のままである。
English: Some researchers say lawyers in Sendai City came to keep their eyes peeled for signatures in the documents, since there were many cases in Tohoku region where rapists received sentence of acquittal owing to the fact that there were no autographs of rape victims in the paper.
Japanese: 一説によれば、当時、東北地方の強姦事件の公判で、被害者の調書に被害者本人の署名がないという理由で無罪になることが立て続けにあり、それ以来、仙台の弁護士は調書の署名を注意してみるようになったともいう。
English: Meanwhile, the Code of Criminal Procedure was later revised and victims no longer need to autograph in the documents.
Japanese: なお、のちに法が改正され、被害者の調書については、直筆署名でなくてもよいことになった。
English: Since the statute of limitation in the Kawamata Incident was not completed at this point, the prosecution could have brought up the case but they did not.
Japanese: この時点では川俣事件の時効は完成しておらず、検察側は再び1審から起訴をやり直すこともできたが、行わなかった。