nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Taheiji, while drinking, seduces Onui, a waitress, and says, 'I am a vassal of Saeki. My lord has been confined to his home in Sumiyoshi, but is allowed to return and will go to Kyoto soon. I will become a samurai before long, so let's go to Edo together.'
Japanese: 太平次は酒を飲みながら、「俺は左枝の家臣だ。主君は住吉に蟄居していたが帰参が叶い間もなく京に上る。俺もいずれ武士となるから一緒に江戸に行こう」と仲居のお縫を口説く。
English: Onui is suspicious and Taheiji shows her the written order from Daigakunosuke as evidence, which says, 'if you kill Magoshichi and his wife, I will give you 500 koku.'
Japanese: 疑うお縫に太平次は「孫七夫婦を殺害すれば五百石を与える」との大学之助の書きつけを証拠に見せる。
English: Although Onui is injured, she kills Taheiji and cries, "I'm dying with him," to avoid involving Satsuki, and then she commits suicide.
Japanese: お縫は負傷しながらも太平次を討ち、皐月へのかかわり合いを避けるために「心中じゃ」と叫び自らも死ぬ。
English: She tells him that she became a mistress of Daigakunosuke and took the opportunity to kill him, but failed and was killed, and then she disappears.
Japanese: 大学之助の妾となり隙を見て斬りかかったが返り討ちにあったと告げて消える。
English: Daigakunosuke laughs mockingly and says, 'I have been confined to my home for some reason, but now, having received an official message to forgive me, I am going to Kyoto to see my lord. If anything happens to me, you will be severely punished. You cannot do that. It is better for you to perish. Don't struggle, don't struggle. You look miserable.' and he leaves there relaxed.
Japanese: 「仔細ありてこもりし居の身も、今日免許のときを得て、御教書到来武将へ謁する都入り。少しもこの身に凶事あれば、その身は重罪。かなわぬ事だ。自滅したのはうぬが仕合せ。もがくな。もがくな。はてよい様な。」と大学之助は嘲笑い悠々と立ち去る。
English: After he leaves, Gappo comes home, reveals his true identity, and reports to the spirit of deceased Sezaemon that he will kill the enemy.
Japanese: 入れ替わりに帰ってきた合法は正体を明かし、敵を討つことを亡き瀬左衛門の霊前に報告。
English: Yohei, who is dying, realizes that Gappo is his real older brother and asks him to kill the enemy on his behalf, and gives him the incense burner.
Japanese: 虫の息の与兵衛は合法こそ実の兄と知り、代わりに敵を討ってくれることを頼み香炉を渡す。
English: Gappo, whose real identity is Yajuro TAKAHASHI, farewells his dying younger brother and orders Satsuki to deliver the two heirlooms to his lord, and then sets out with a spirit of courage.
Japanese: 死に行く弟に別れを告げ、皐月に二つの家宝を主君に持参することを命じ、合法こと高橋弥十郎は勇んで出る。
English: He is injured and being unable to move, attempts to commit seppuku, and then Daigakunosuke appears.
Japanese: だが負傷して動くことができず、腹を切ろうとするところへ隠れていた大学之助が姿を現す。
English: The audience liked it because it had a lot to see, such as the brutality that every act contained the scene of murder, Hayagawari (quick-change technique used when actors play more than one role), the scene of a threat and so on, in addition to the performance of Koshiro MATSUMOTO the fifth, who played Daigakunosuke and Taheiji at its first performance.
Japanese: 初演時の大学之助と太平次とを演じた松本幸四郎(5代目)の演技もさることながら、幕ごとに殺し場が用意された残虐性の強さと早替り、強請場などの見どころの多さも観客のし好に合った。
English: This Kyogen play was later handed down to Danjuro ICHIKAWA the seventh and then to Danzo ICHIKAWA the seventh, but after the Meiji period, as Kabuki became higher, it was gradually forgotten.
Japanese: その後市川團十郎(7代目)を経て、市川團蔵(7代目)へとこの狂言は伝承されていくが明治以降の歌舞伎の高尚化とともに忘れられていった。
English: In 1926, Sadanji ICHIKAWA the second rediscovered it, but the part of Daigakunosuke was not performed, and it was not really restaged until the performance at Geijutsu-za Theater on September 1965 with Hakuo MATSUMOTO the first as the leading actor, and the performance by Zenshinza Theater Company.
Japanese: 1926年（大正15）年市川左團次(2代目)により再発見されたが大学之助の件は上演されず、本格的な蘇演は戦後1965（昭和40）年9月芸術座公演における松本白鸚(初代)主演と、前進座の上演まで待たねばならなかった。
English: It is extremely difficult to play Daigakunosuke and Taheiji, villains with strong character, and after Koshiro the eighth, only two actors, Koshiro MATSUMOTO the ninth and Nizaemon KATAOKA the fifteenth, have played the roles.
Japanese: 大学之助と太平次という強烈な個性の悪人を演じるのは至難の技で、八代目幸四郎以後は松本幸四郎(9代目)と片岡仁左衛門(15代目)の二人しか演じていない。
English: In addition to its elaborate structure and description of the ruthless main characters, Daigakunosuke and Taheiji, its unusual story where nearly thirty characters are killed and all good people die except for the final act, embodies the mature culture of Kasei era falling into decadence.
Japanese: 綿密な構成と、大学之助と太平次という冷酷な主人公の性格描写もさることながら、登場人物が三十人近もく殺され、大詰をのぞいて、善人たちが全滅するという異常な内容は、化政期の爛熟から頽廃に傾きかけた文化を体現している。
English: The love of Daigakunosuke in Act 1 is based on that of Moronobu in Act 1 of Chushingura; the plot of Toshiyuki in Act 3 is based on that of Yuranosuke in Act 7 of Chushingura; the murder of Oriyo and robbery of 50 ryo in Act 5 is based on the murder of Yoichibe by Sadakuro in Act 5; Okame's selling herself in Act 6 is based on that of Okaru in Act 6; brothers' revealing their identity in the final act is based on that of Heisaku and Jubei in "Iga-goe Dochu Sugoroku" (Revenge Sought Across the Path of Iga).
Japanese: 発端の大学之助の懸想は忠臣蔵大序における師宣の、第三幕の俊行の計略は忠臣蔵の七段目由良之助の、五幕目のおりよ殺しと五十両強奪は五段目の定九郎の与市兵衛殺しの、第六幕のお亀の身売りは六段目のお軽の、大詰めの兄弟の名乗りは『伊賀越道中双六』の平作と重兵衛の名乗りを下敷きにしたもの。
English: We can see the previous great Kyogen plays of revenge, and its artfulness is also remarkable.
Japanese: 先行の仇討狂言の粋を取り込む趣がうかがわれ、その巧妙さも見逃せない。
English: In the stage production by Hakuo, Daigakunosuke was killed at Enma-do Temple, but he was in fact Taheiji disguised as Daigakunosuke, who then appeared through Hayagawari.
Japanese: 白鸚は閻魔堂で大学之助を討ったはずが、実は太平次の身代わりで、大学之助が早変わりで登場するという演出を取っていた。
English: The scene of the threat by Unzari Omatsu was the ancestor of Dote no Oroku (Oroku of the riverbank) in 'Osome no Nanayaku' (seven roles of Osome) written later.
Japanese: うんざりお松のゆすり場はのちの「お染の七役」での土手のお六の原型にあたる。
English: The threatening lines of Omatsu, 'I am like this now, but once I was in Gion-machi, earning twelve monme six fun (monme and fun are units of silver currency; fun is one-tenth of monme), being successful in Miyagawa-cho, went through rice fields to Dojo, then to a downhill in front of Kodai-ji Temple, down to Yasaka, up to Nijo-shinchi and behind Goryo Shrine, to the embarrassing lousy streets, and didn't cry working at a night tea house, going around everywhere...' artfully illustrates the red-light districts of Kyoto with the lilting rhythm of seven-and-five syllable meter.
Japanese: お松が強請に言う「今こそこうした女房なれ、元はわたしも祇園町、拾壱匁六分の、花を咲かせて宮川町、縄手をふんで道場か、高台寺前下り坂、八坂と落ちて欠け上り、二条新地や御りょう裏、おはもじながら虱の辻、泣かぬ勤めの蛍茶や、あらゆる場所を欠けめぐり・・・」の科白は七五調の小気味よい調子で京の花街を巧みに織り込んでいる。
English: These lines were called 'Yakuharai' (seven-five passages in a special lilting rhythm) and at the end of Edo period, Mokuami made them more sophisticated in Kyogen plays such as 'Kirare Otomi' (Scarface Otomi) and 'Benten Kozo' (Benten the Thief).
Japanese: この科白は「厄払い」と呼ばれ、幕末期には黙阿弥により「切られお富」や「弁天小僧」などの狂言でさらに洗練される。
English: Urajimai is a Japanese custom of conducting traditional ceremonies and handling the aftermath of accidents at sea.
Japanese: 浦終い（うらじまい）とは、日本の海難事故に際して行われる伝統的な儀式や事後処理の慣習。
English: Later, details in dealing with marine disasters were stipulated in a customary law named 'Kaiji Shohatto' (various laws on sea routes) by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and they remained as common laws in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: その後豊臣秀吉によって慣習法をまとめた「海路諸法度」により海難処理の詳細が制定され、江戸幕府に於いても慣習法として生き残る事となる。
English: Urajimai included not only religious ceremonies, but also a series of necessary procedures such as on-site investigations, compensations, bond issuance by officials and so on.
Japanese: 海難に際しての宗教的儀式にとどまらず、現場検証や補償、役人の証文交付など一連の必要な手続きをくるめて浦終いと呼ばれた。
English: When there was a news about a shipwreck, gyogi (manager) of kaisen donya (wholesaler in port) and sodai (representative of consignors) were dispatched to the coast near the accident site, where they investigated the extent of damage (this is called 'ura-aratame').
Japanese: 難船のしらせが来ると、廻船問屋の行司、荷主の総代が改人としてその浦方に出張し、海難の程度を検査し（これを「浦改」（うらあらため）という。
English: They dealt with all tasks such as verifying and accepting wrecked and unloaded cargo from the wrecked ship, which had been sealed by the port officials, receiving ura-shomon (a certification of the wreckage) which was jointly signed by the port officials, occasional disposing of wet cargo, reshipping of the cargo, and paying moorage at the port.
Japanese: 浦役人が封印した残荷物、揚荷物を査収して、浦役人の連署した浦証文を受け取り、濡荷の臨時処分、積荷の再輸送、浦入費の支払いなど一切の処理を行った。
English: Ura-shomon was a bond to certify wrecked cargo and fittings left on a wrecked ship, which was issued in the presence of such persons as a magistrate, a clerk, and a village headman.
Japanese: 浦証文は、通航の浦港で、当地の代官、手代、庄屋などの立ち会いの上、難船の残存荷物、船具などを証明したもの。
English: In August 1636, the Edo bakufu issued a shipwreck control ordinance in order to prevent crew members of the wrecked ship from stealing the ship's cargo, because they often conspired with the port workers, lying that they had to throw the cargo into the sea because of the shipwreck.
Japanese: 江戸幕府は、船員がしばしば浦々の者と共謀して、難破のために投荷をしたと偽って貨物を盗むのを防ぐために、寛永13年8月、難船取締令を発布。
English: The bond (called 'Ura-Kousatsu'), which was posted on the bulletin board, was required to verify a shipwreck.
Japanese: 浦々に掲示し（「浦高札」という）、難船を立証するにはこの証文を必要とするとした。
English: On February 19, 2008, the Aegis (escort ship) Atago of Japan's Marine Defense Force collided with a fishing boat off the coast of Nojimazaki, Chiba Prefecture, where two crew members of the fishing boat, who were actually a father and son, went missing.
Japanese: 2008年2月19日、海上自衛隊のイージス艦あたご(護衛艦)が千葉県の野島崎沖で漁船と衝突（イージス艦衝突事故）、乗組員の親子2人が行方不明となった。
English: Despite the desperate search by the Marine Self-Defense Force, Japan Coast Guard and the local fishermen's association, the father and son were not found.
Japanese: 海上自衛隊、海上保安庁および地元の漁業協同組合による懸命な捜索にもかかわらず親子は発見なかった。
English: When the fishermen's association gave up the search on February 25, ceremonies such as reciting Buddhist sutras and offering of flowers were conducted as urajimai.
Japanese: 2月25日を持って漁協での捜索を打ち切り、浦終いとして読経や海への献花などの儀式が執り行われた。
English: Uzuka is a monument located in Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture that was constructed for the repose of cormorants of Nagara-gawa ukai (cormorant fishing in Nagara-gawa River).
Japanese: 鵜塚（うづか）は、岐阜県岐阜市にある長良川鵜飼の鵜を供養するための慰霊碑である。
English: The memorial service for cormorants has been held by usho (a fisherman of cormorant fishing) for more than a hundred years, and a monument was constructed on October 16, 1983 in Nagara Miyaguchi-cho thanks to the contribution by ukai related people.
Japanese: 鵜匠による鵜の供養自体は百数十年前より行われていたが、1983年（昭和58年）10月16日に鵜飼関係者の浄財により長良宮口町に塚が建立された。
English: It was shifted to the current place in 2004 due to the construction of Nagara Furutsu-bashi Route in March 2003.
Japanese: 2003年（平成15年）3月の長良古津橋線道路整備に絡み2004年に現在の地に移転されている。
English: Memorial service for cormorants is held every year by ukai related people on the first Sunday after Nagara-gawa ukai season ended.
Japanese: 毎年、長良川鵜飼終了後の最初の日曜日に、鵜飼関係者等により鵜供養が営まれる。
English: Tekka is the sate of red hot iron or sparks generated during forging.
Japanese: 鉄火（てっか）・鐡火とは、鍛冶などにおいて鉄に熱を加え、赤く焼けている様や、それらを鍛造する時の火花をさす。
English: As for Netsu Tekka Shosho, see Juroku Shojigoku (the Screaming Hell).
Japanese: 熱鉄火杵処（ねつてっかしょしょ）については、十六小地獄(叫喚地獄)を参照。
English: Tekka originally meant the state of red hot iron as well as sparks generated by the forging process, and it came to refer particularly to teppo kaji (gun smithery) and also to katana kaji (sword smithery), latter of which has been closely related to Shinto rituals and samurai warriors.
Japanese: 鉄が赤く焼けている様や鍛冶仕事の火花でもあるが、そこから鍛冶の中でも神事や武士との繋がりが強い、刀鍛冶・鉄砲鍛冶を指すようになった。
English: It also came to mean swords and guns throwing off sparks in a battle.
Japanese: またその使用時には刀も鉄砲も火花を散らす事も鉄火を意味するようになった。
English: From that, the word tekka changed its meaning to battle field or war, then to dreadful scene implying war or death, or gambling.
Japanese: そこから戦場や戦という意味に転じ、戦（いくさ）や死を意味する修羅場、または勝負事（賭け事）という意味を持つようになった。
English: Meanwhile, tekka was used as a metaphor for kurogane (iron covered with black rust) changing its color to red, as well as for the state of red hot iron.
Japanese: もう一方では黒鉄（くろがね）が真赤に変化することや、その赤く焼けた鉄の比喩として用いられた。
English: It was also used as a metaphor that captured a characteristic of iron, 'easily heated but cools down just as easily,' because high thermal conductivity is one of the characteristics of metals.
Japanese: また、金属の特徴の一つでもある熱伝導率が高いことが、いわゆる「熱しやすく冷めやすい」という鉄の特徴を、捉えた比喩としても用いられた。
English: Although there are words 'akagane' and 'sekitetsu,' which are similar to tekka, akagane means copper or an alloy with reddish gold color, and sekitetsu is ferric oxide (Fe2O3), or so-called red rust.
Japanese: 鉄火と似たような「あかがね」や「赤鉄」という言葉があるが、あかがね（銅・赤金）は、銅や赤銅（しゃくどう）や、赤味掛かった金色をした合金の意味であり、赤鉄（せきてつ）は酸化第二鉄(Fe2O3)のことであり、いわゆる赤錆のこと。
English: Kurogane means iron and iron products covered with black rust because, since the ancient times in Japan, black rust has been produced on the surface of iron to maintain its strength by preventing red rust from corroding and weakening the iron.
Japanese: 黒鉄は鉄の意味でもあるが、赤錆が浸食をもたらし脆くさせることを嫌い、古来から日本では黒錆を表面に生成させ、強度を保ってきたので、その経緯から表面に黒錆を纏った鉄製品を示す。
English: Chemically, however, kurogane means only ferrous oxide (FeO), or black rust.
Japanese: しかしながら、化学的には酸化第一鉄(FeO)のことであり、黒錆だけをあらわす。
English: Tekka - describes bullets flying through the air and swords that are fiercely crossed, implying a battlefield or a dreadful scene.
Japanese: 鉄火-銃弾が飛び交い、刀が鎬（しのぎ）を削る様を表し、戦場や修羅場を表す。
English: Tekka - means 'maguro no zuke' which is red flesh of tuna soaked in soy sauce or soy-based sauce because the color of it looks like that of red hot iron.
Japanese: 鉄火-赤く焼けた鉄にその色が似ているところから、マグロの赤身を醤油や醤油の垂れに浸したもの「鮪の漬け」を表す。
English: At first, tekka meant sparks generated from forging in smithery, then it came to mean sparks generated from swords in fierce fighting or sparks from a muzzle of matchlock gun.
Japanese: 鉄火は、鍛冶の鍛造の時の火花から、刀が鎬を削る時の火花や、火縄銃の銃口からの火花を意味するようなった。
English: Tekka no ma' is a place or a space where sparks fly, implying a battle field or a dreadful scene.
Japanese: 「鉄火の間」とは火花を散らす合間（場所や空間）という意味の戦場や修羅場のことである。
English: From that, its meaning was extended to include gambling places which came to be called 'Tekkaba.'
Japanese: そして、修羅場や勝負事から博打が行われる場所を「鉄火場」というようになった。
English: Homeless gangsters who made a living by gambling, or common people who enjoyed gambling came to be called 'Tekka uchi' (gamblers).
Japanese: それを生業とする無宿渡世人や、または興じる庶民を、「鉄火打」（てっかうち・博打打のこと）というようになった。
English: There is an anecdote that uses a word play, in which tekka-maki (literally means rolled tekka or tuna sushi roll) was a preferred food for good luck because it could be eaten as a simple meal between gambling matches.
Japanese: 験（げん）を担いで、または鉄火という言葉を掛けた洒落として、博打の合間には、手軽に食べられる簡易食の、「鉄火巻」が好まれたという逸話もある。
English: Hyakuren Tekka - is a word that was used to describe various hard trainings and battles in which people engage with a fierce struggle, and it was used during the period of militarism, playing on words linked with hyakusen renma (experiencing various battles to become battle-wised).
Japanese: 百錬鉄火-鎬を削るような厳しい訓練や戦闘の数々という意味で、軍国主義にあった時代に、百戦錬磨に掛けて使われた言葉である。
English: In a passage of a noh play "Tamura," there is a line which describes 'Kijin (a fierce god) enveloped in dark clouds, throwing off sparks.'
Japanese: 能の『田村』の一説に「鬼神は黒雲鉄火をふらしつゝ」という文言があり、鬼神が黒雲を纏い火花を散らす描写になっている。
English: A military song 'Lieutenant Colonel Tachibana (first)' (words by Tokusaburo KAGITANI, music by Toshitaka YASUDA), has the following phrase in the seventh verse of the song, which consists of 16 verses.
Japanese: 軍歌の「橘中佐(上)」（作詞：鍵谷徳三郎　作曲：安田俊高）の16番の内、7番に以下のような歌詞がある。
English: In addition, haiku poet Mio MIWA composed the following haiku, 'Emitting sparks in a smithy, plum blossoms in the night.'
Japanese: また俳人の三輪未央は「迸る（ほとばしる）鍛冶の鉄火や、夜の梅」という句を詠んでいる。
English: Tekka is a synonym of higisho (taking of a religious oath with red-hot iron), and trials held according to higisho is called 'tekka saiban' or 'tekka no saiban' (literally, 'red-hot iron trial,' in which one grabbed a red-hot iron bar to make a judgment based on the appearance of the burn on the hand).
Japanese: 鉄火とは、火起請（ひぎしょう）ともいい「鉄火裁判」や「鉄火の裁判」ともいわれる。
English: Tekka zuka - a burial mound constructed to comfort spirits of the dead and to offer prayers at the site of higisho disputes over property line, right to enter a mountain, land ownership and so on.
Japanese: 鉄火塚-地境や入山権や土地の所有をめぐって行われた火起請のその紛争地に慰霊や祈念として建立された塚。
English: In 1619, a Tekka trial was held in present-day Hino town, Shiga Prefecture, and to comemmorate this, 'the monument of Old Kisuke's Tekka trial' was built in the precincts of Unko-ji Temple,
Japanese: 元和(日本)5年（1619年）に、現在の滋賀県日野町で鉄火裁判が行われ、それを祈念して日野町音羽の雲迎寺（うんこうじ）の境内には｢喜助翁鉄火記念の碑」が建てられている。
English: Since ancient times, many places where higisho occurred have been considered sacred areas, and therefore, tekka zuka and tekka no doso-jin (traveler's guardian deities) exist in various places in Japan in order to comfort the spirits of the victims of conflicts.
Japanese: このような火起請が行われた場所は、古くから神域とされてきたところも多く、紛争の鎮魂の理由により、日本各地に鉄火塚や鉄火の道祖神が存在する。
English: In some cases, however, burial mounds named tekka exist only because the area had smithies and the name of the town, villages or commonly used name of the area was Tekka or Kaji (smith).
Japanese: しかしながら、その土地に鍛冶の工房があり、町名や村名や字（あざな）が鉄火や鍛冶であることから、たんに鉄火という塚がある場合もある。
English: Tekka Matsu (Tekka pine trees) - exist in Aoba Ward, Yokohama City, Tetsu Town (Yokohama City), and Yawara Village, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, as legend goes that they were planted to commemorate the settlement of conflicts over province or town borders by higisho, and since then, they have been called 'Tekka matsu' or 'Tekka no matsu.'
Japanese: 鉄火松-横浜市青葉区(横浜市)鉄町や茨城県つくば市谷和原村にあり、それぞれ国や町の地境を巡って紛争が起こり、火起請で収めたと伝承されていて、それを祈念し松が植えられ「鉄火松」や「鉄火の松」と言われている。
English: As with 'maguro no zuke' (tuna soaked in soy sauce) in Edo-style sushi, the custom of using the term tekka to describe quick-tempered character can be considered to have developed especially in the shitamachi (traditional working-class neighborhood) culture of Edo in the Kanto region.
Japanese: どちらかといえば鉄火という性格をあらわす文化は、江戸前寿司としての「鮪の漬け」もそうであるが、関東の特に江戸の下町文化で培われたものともいえる。
English: There is a tendency of using tekka hada to express female character, whereas tekka denbo expresses male character.
Japanese: 鉄火肌は女性の性格をあらわし、鉄火伝法は男性の性格をいう傾向にある。
English: Tekka hada', or simply 'tekka' represents a character of a woman who fights at the drop of a hat, but who is frank and generous, and doesn't hold a grudge against anybody.
Japanese: 鉄火肌とは、たんに鉄火ともいい、喧嘩っ早いが気風（きっぷ）が良くて、根に持たない性格さす。
English: Tekka hada is synonymous with 'Take wo watta yo' (straightforward), and was used as a word to express frank, manlike, and open-hearted female character.
Japanese: 「竹を割ったよう」と同様な意味で、真っ直ぐで、男勝りなさっぱりとした主に女性の性格を現す言葉として使われた。
English: Tekka denbo' is another word for 'denbo hada,' 'isami hada,' 'kioi hada' and 'ninkyo hada.'
Japanese: 鉄火伝法（てっかでんぽう）とは「伝法肌」やその他にも、「勇み肌」や「気負い肌」や「任侠肌」ともいう。
English: It originally described characteristics of men who were rude and violent, and the word came from a legend in which a long ago, a gatekeeper of Denbo-in Temple in Asakusa, Taito Ward, Tokyo, did not pay his fees and behaved outrageously at nearby shops and show tents, taking advantage of the privileges of being associated with the temple.
Japanese: その昔、東京都台東区浅草の伝法院（でんぼういん）の門番が、寺の威光を笠に着て、近隣の小店や見世物小屋で、無銭利用や傍若無人な振る舞いをしたことから、粗野で乱暴者という意味であった。
English: Later, however, the meaning of tekka denbo was combined with that of tekka hada to describe manly men who help the weak and crush the powerful.
Japanese: しかしながら、その後、鉄火肌と相俟って、男気（おとこぎ）のある「弱気を助け強気を挫く」ような者を指すようになった。
English: However, in rivalry with Yoshiwara, Fukagawa flourished as a shrine town of Tomioka Hachiman-gu Shrine and also as a hanamachi (a red-light district) where Japanese-style restaurants and nonlicensed brothels were concentrated.
Japanese: しかしながら、吉原に対峙するように、富岡八幡宮の門前町として、料亭や岡場所の花街として栄えた。
English: In Fukagawa red-light district, geisha took center stage because there were no oiran (licensed prostitutes) and only a small number of joro (courtesans) existed, and therefore, 'Fukagawa geisha' and 'Yoshiwara geisha' were regarded as twin jewels of geisha, distinguishing themselves from 'machi geisha' in other regions.
Japanese: 正式な遊女としての花魁はなく、女郎も少なかったことから、芸者が主役であり「深川芸者」と「吉原芸者」として双璧とされ、その他の地域の芸者は、たんに「町芸者」といわれた。
English: Under this circumstance, mannish temperament unique to Fukagawa geisha was born among the geisha who took pride in their work as a regular vocation, treating morally questionable drunken customers tactfully.
Japanese: このことから、誇りを持って生業とし、如何わしい目的の酔客をあしらう、独特の男勝りな気風（きふう）が生まれた。
English: They were called Tatsumi geisha because Fukagawa is located in the southeast (tatsumi) of Edo-jo castle.
Japanese: 江戸城下を中心にすると東南（辰巳）の方角に位置することから辰巳芸者といった。
English: Among movies depicted as contemporary and period dramas called ninkyo mono (stories of chivalrous men) in the Japanese film industry from the post-war period until about 1965, there were many movies whose titles were coined by combining words with tekka.
Japanese: 邦画において戦後から昭和40年代まで、任侠物といわれる現代劇や時代劇として描かれたものの中に、鉄火という言葉の造語などを使用した題名の映画が数多くあった。
English: They were Japanese movies dealing with violence or gamblers, or they were movies featuring women of tekka hada or tekka denbo men as the main character.
Japanese: 鉄火肌の女性や、鉄火伝法の男性を主人公としたものや、激しいといった意味や、博打打を主題とした邦画である。
English: Representative examples include 'Tekka shamisen,' 'Tekka bugyo,' 'Zatoichi Tekka tabi,' 'Tekka botan,' and 'Tekka no Hanamichi.'
Japanese: 代表的なものとして、『鉄火三味線』、『鉄火奉行』、『座頭市鉄火旅』、『鉄火若衆』、『鉄火牡丹』、『鉄火の花道』などがある。
English: In Edo-style sushi, red flesh of tuna was never eaten as they were.
Japanese: 江戸前の寿司において、鮪の赤身はそのままで、食べられることは無かった。
English: In most cases, it was eaten after being soaked in soy sauce or soy-based sauce In order to preserve the food as well as to kill harmful bacteria.
Japanese: 保存や殺菌の意味から醤油や醤油垂れ漬けられたものが、ほとんどであった。
English: Although tekka originally meant maguro no zuke (red flesh of tuna soaked in soy sauce), today, the word tekka has extended its meaning to red flesh of tuna itself, and it has been used not only for traditional dishes such as tekka maki (tuna sushi roll) and tekka don (a bowl of rice topped with tuna), but also to various dishes using red flesh of tuna.
Japanese: この鮪の漬けを鉄火といったが、昨今では鮪の赤身を鉄火と呼ぶようになり、伝統的な鉄火巻きや鉄火丼だけでなく、様々な鮪の赤身を用いた料理に、鉄火という言葉が使われている。
English: Townscape preservation refers to activities intended to renew distinctive characteristics and attractiveness of towns and to improve living conditions of the residents by preserving townscapes that retain traditional architecture and so on.
Japanese: 町並み保存（まちなみほぞん）とは、伝統的な建築等が残る町並みを保存することによって、その町ならではの個性や魅力を再生させ、あわせて住民の生活環境を整備すること。
English: Normally, "historical townscape" is used for towns that had their structures formed during the Edo period, and for those that still retain some of the buildings that were constructed during the period between the end of the Edo period to the Meiji and Taisho periods.
Japanese: 通常は江戸時代に町の骨格が形成され、幕末から明治・大正時代に建てられた建築がある程度残っている町並みを「歴史的町並み」という。
English: However, the term also applies to towns that developed during westernization in the Meiji period, such as Kobe and Hakodate.
Japanese: しかし、明治期に西洋化する中で生まれた神戸や函館などの町並みも保存の対象とされる。
English: Townscape preservation can be done by several ways, for example, by designating townscape preservation districts, by following the regulations on preservation districts for groups of important national historical buildings, by following prefectural and city landscape ordinances, and by forming townscape preservation movements by setting up townscape conservation societies.
Japanese: 保有の方法には町並み保存地区を指定する、国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区によるもの、県や市の景観条例などによるものがあるほか、町並み保存会を結成してや町並み保存運動を展開するなどがある。
English: Sannin Kichisa Kuruwa no Hatsugai is a Kabuki program in the late Edo period written by Mokuami KAWATAKE.
Japanese: 三人吉三廓初買（さんにんきちさくるわのはつがい）は、幕末期の河竹黙阿弥作の歌舞伎。
English: Due to the organization of the performance, it is also called 'Sannin Kichi Tomoe no Hatsugai' (a title of Japanese Kabuki).
Japanese: 上演構成により「三人吉三巴白浪（さんにんきちさともえのしらなみ）」とも称される。
English: It is a Shiranami-mono (stage works with thieves and lowlifes) in which three robbers (Ojo Kichisa, Osho Kichisa and Obo Kichisa) kill each other by punitive justice regarding the one hundred ryo (currency unit) of money and a short sword 'Koshinmaru.'
Japanese: お嬢吉三、和尚吉三、お坊吉三の3人の盗賊が、百両の金と短刀「庚申丸」をめぐる因果応報で差し違えて死ぬまでを描いた白浪物である。