nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1788, when court nobles, including Naruchika NAKAYAMA, notified the Bakufu about the situation, Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, the Shogun's councilor, opposed it as an unprecedented case of providing the imperial title to a person who had not ascended to the imperial throne.
Japanese: 1788年（天明8年）に公家の中山愛親らが幕府に通達すると、老中松平定信は皇位についていない人間に皇号を贈るのは先例の無い事態として反対する。
English: The Imperial Court brought up an old case from before the Tokugawa Period to counter Sadanobu, who justified his opposition with Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers), and so this developed into a scholarly dispute between the Imperial Court and the Bakufu.
Japanese: 朝廷では徳川時代以前の古例を持ち出し、朱子学を正当とする定信と対抗し、朝幕間の学問的論争に発展する。
English: In December 1791, the Emperor held the 'Gungi' (multitude of opinions), and achieved a determination for the enforcement of the imperial proclamation, of the honorary title, by gaining the approval of 35 out of 40 nobles who had ranks higher than Sangi (government advisor).
Japanese: 1791年（寛政3年）12月、天皇は「群議」を開き、参議以上40名の公卿のうち35名の賛意を得て尊号宣下の強行を決定する。
English: A person who was concerned with this state of affairs was the ex-chief adviser to the Emperor, and the real younger brother of the Imperial Prince Sukehito, Sukehira TAKATSUKASA.
Japanese: この事態を憂慮したのは前関白で典仁親王の実弟（天皇からみて叔父）でもある鷹司輔平であった。
English: Sukehira thought this would invite an all-out confrontation between the Imperial Court and the Bakufu, and so the Imperial Prince Sukehito, his brother, would be in danger if the situation was left as such.
Japanese: 輔平はこのままでは朝廷と幕府の全面対決を招いて兄・典仁親王の身にも危険が及ぶと考えた。
English: He explained what was happening to Sadanobu and demanded an improvement of conditions in return for renunciation of the honorary title.
Japanese: 定信に事の次第を告げて尊号を断念する代わりに典仁親王の待遇改善を求めた。
English: Sadanobu reprimanded the nobles, including Naruchika NAKAYAMA and Kinaki OGIMACHI, as well as punishing Hikokuro TAKAYAMA, an imperialist who was active in Kyushu.
Japanese: 定信は中山愛親・正親町公明らの公家に処分を下し、また九州で活動していた勤皇家の高山彦九郎を処罰した。
English: As compensation for the Imperial Prince Sukehito, Sadanobu also conducted an improvement of conditions measure, including an additional 1000-goku.
Japanese: 定信も典仁親王に1,000石の加増をする等の待遇改善策を行うことで尊号の代償とした。
English: At a similar time, within the Bakufu, the 11th Shogun, Ienari TOKUGAWA was trying to give the honorary title of 'Ogosho' to his own father Harusada HITOTSUBASHI.
Japanese: 同時期に幕府内では11代将軍徳川家斉が実父の一橋治済に対して「大御所」の尊号を贈ろうとしていた。
English: However, Sadanobu had to reject the Shogun's attempt since he had rejected giving the honorary title to the Imperial Court.
Japanese: しかし、定信は朝廷に対して尊号を拒否している手前、将軍に対しても同様に拒否をせざるをえなくなった。
English: However, 'a case for giving an imperial title to a person who had not ascended to the imperial throne' existed before this one, such as Gotakakurain or Gosukoin.
Japanese: だが「皇位についていない人間に皇号を贈る例」は後高倉院や後崇光院という先例がちゃんと存在している。
English: Of course, the great scholar Sadanobu knew of them, and said 'these cases were caused by emergencies, such as the Jokyu Rebellion or Shohei-Itto, and were not a precedent for the piping time of peace.'
Japanese: むろん碩学の定信も承知の事であり、これについては「承久の乱や正平一統という非常事態が生んだ産物で太平の世に挙げる先例ではない」と述べている。
English: While Sadanobu was hastening a reformation of the shogunate system through the Kansei Reform, he also set out the 'Kansei Igaku no kin' (the ban of Kansei's illegitimate learning) and 'Shoshiodan no kin' (the ban of non-officer crossing) to protect the Shushi-gaku which was the root of the ideology.
Japanese: 定信は寛政の改革によって幕藩体制の再建を進めていく中で、その思想的根幹である朱子学を保護して「寛政異学の禁」や「処士横断の禁」を打ち出していた。
English: The Shushi-gaku was a school sect within Confucianism which honored 'loyalty' to a just cause or masters and 'the separation of ruler and ruled.'
Japanese: 朱子学は儒教の中でも大義名分や主君への「忠」、「君臣の別」を重んじる学派であった。
English: Especially in Japan, it was emphasized more than 'filial piety' which was essentially honored mostly as a virtue in Confucianism.
Japanese: 特に日本では本来儒教が徳目として最も重んじていた「孝」以上に重要視された。
English: It may have led the shogunate to take stern measures to suppress the activities of anti-Confucianism (which could trigger an anti-shogunate system) such as Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming), Kogaku (classical study) and Sonno-ron (theory for the advocate of Imperial Rule).
Japanese: 陽明学や古学、尊王論などの反朱子学的な（反幕藩体制につながりかねない）動きを抑圧するために強硬策を採った事も考えられるのである。
English: It was also said that there was the angst regarding the political ambitions (Ogosho politics) of Harusada HITOTSUBASHI who joined forces with Okitsugu TANUMA once, and later brought down Harusada.
Japanese: また、田沼意次と一旦は手を組みながら後にこれを失脚させた一橋治済の政治的野心（大御所政治）への不安があったとも言われている。
English: The Imperial Prince Sukehito was given the honorary name of the Emperor Keiko (also called Keikoin) and the honorary title of Daijo Tenno in 1884, because he was a direct ancestor of the Meiji Emperor (the Meiji Emperor was the great-great-grandson of the Imperial Prince Sukehito).
Japanese: 典仁親王は1884年（明治17年）に明治天皇の直接の祖先にあたる（明治天皇は典仁親王の玄孫）ということで、慶光天皇（慶光院とも）の諡号と太上天皇の称号が贈られている。
English: Regarding the Songo-ikken, the story of Naruchika NAKAYAMA, who went down to Edo at an early age as an imperial envoy, protesting squarely in front of the shogun at the Edo Castle became a legend.
Japanese: 尊号一件については、早くから勅使として江戸に下った中山愛親が江戸城の将軍の前で堂々たる抗議をしたという伝説が生まれ、
English: Novels such as "Nakayama Togeki" and "Nakayama Denki" (Nakayama biography) were written in secret - both not long after the actual incident.
Japanese: 『中山東下記』『中山伝記』といった小説(共に事件よりあまり隔たらない時期の成立と見られる)が密かに書かれている。
English: There also is a manga mentioning the course of this incident, called 'Fuunji tachi,' by Taro MINOMOTO.
Japanese: またこの経過に触れている漫画として、みなもと太郎の「風雲児たち」がある。
English: The Kinketsu Incident was an attack on Emperor Gohanazono's Inner Court in Kyoto that occurred in September 1443 (Muromachi period).
Japanese: 禁闕の変（きんけつのへん）は、室町時代の1443年（嘉吉3年）9月に京都で起こった後花園天皇内裏の襲撃事件である。
English: Forces thought to be belonging to Gonancho (Second Southern Court), a movement calling for the restoration of the Yoshino Imperial Court (Nancho, the Southern Court), invaded the Imperial Palace, stole some of the Three Sacred Treasures and escaped to Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 吉野朝廷（南朝）の復興を唱える後南朝とされる勢力が御所に乱入し、三種の神器の一部を奪い比叡山へ逃れた。
English: It is also referred to as the 'Kakitsu Incident,' but to avoid confusion with the assassination of the 6th shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA in 1441 (Kakitsu Rebellion), the term, 'Kinketsu Incident' is used.
Japanese: 「嘉吉の変」とも呼ばれるが、嘉吉元年（1441年）に起こった6代将軍足利義教の謀殺事件（嘉吉の乱）と混同されることから、「禁闕の変」の名称が用いられる。
English: In 1336, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Nancho (Southern Court) started by Emperor Godaigo was alleviated in the Meitoku no wadan (peace negotiations between Nancho and Hokucho) during the time of the third shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA in 1392.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)の1336年に、後醍醐天皇により開かれた南朝は、3代将軍足利義満時代の1392年に明徳の和談が行われて名目上は解消された。
English: However, Gonancho forces that supported descendants of the Southern Court appeared throughout the Muromachi period and associated with anti-bakufu forces.
Japanese: だが、南朝の後胤を擁する後南朝勢力は室町時代を通じて出現し、反幕府勢力とも関係して活動する。
English: On the other hand, the direct line from Emperor Gokomatsu ended and Emperor Gohanazono was invited by the Fushiminomiya family to continue the former Jimyoin line side.
Japanese: その一方で、かつての持明院統側では後小松天皇の直系が断絶して、伏見宮家から後花園天皇が迎えられるという事態が起こっていた。
English: Additionally, the Muromachi bakufu was in disorder because of the Kakitsu Rebellion and this incident occurred between the time after Yoshinori ASHIKAGA died in in July 1443, and Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA became the 8th shogun.
Japanese: さらに室町幕府では嘉吉の乱による混乱もあり、43年7月に将軍足利義勝が死去、足利義政が8代将軍となるが、就任までは間があり、事件はその最中に起こっている。
English: According to diaries written at that time such as the "Kanomon Nikki (Diary)" written by Emperor Hanazono's biological father, Gosukoin, the incident occurred on September 24 and the main people behind the incident were the Kinzosu and Tsuzosu brothers who were thought to be descendants of the Southern Court Emperor Gokameyama or his brother, MINAMOTO no Takahide, who claimed to be a descendant of the Retired Emperor Gotoba (Kamakura period) and Arimitsu HINO and Sukemitsu HINO, who came from a branch line of the Hino clan.
Japanese: 後花園天皇の実父である後崇光院が著した『看聞日記』をはじめとする同時代の日記類によれば、事件は9月24日に起こり、首謀者は南朝の後亀山天皇あるいはその弟の子孫とされる金蔵主、通蔵主の兄弟、鎌倉時代の後鳥羽上皇の後胤を称する源尊秀、日野氏傍流の日野有光、日野資光ら。
English: The group attacked and set fire to the Inner Imperial Court and Emperor Gohanazono was evacuated to the house of the Sadaijn (minister of the left), Tadatsugu KONOE.
Japanese: 一味は内裏を襲撃して火をかけ、後花園天皇は左大臣の近衛忠嗣の邸に避難。
English: The group stole the sword and shinji (jewels) of the Three Sacred Treasures, and following the precedence of Emperor Godaigo, they escaped to Mt. Hiei and sealed themselves in the Konponchudo (the main hall of Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple).
Japanese: 一味は三種の神器の剣と神爾を奪い、後醍醐天皇の先例を模して比叡山に逃れ、根本中堂に立て篭もる。
English: A few days after an order to attack the group was issued by the Imperial Court, the group was suppressed by bakufu forces, and Kinzosu and Arimitsu HINO ended up being killed and some monks being arrested and executed or exiled, and others disappeared.
Japanese: 朝廷から追討令が出ると、数日のうちに幕府軍や協力を拒んだ山徒により鎮圧され、一味のうち金蔵主や日野有光らは討たれ、一部は逮捕されて処刑・流罪、また行方不明となったものもいた。
English: Among the Three Sacred Treasures that were stolen, the sword was discovered at Kiyomizu-dera Temple, but the shinji were not found until 15 years later in 1457, when remaining followers of the Akamatsu clan, who had become impoverished during the Kakitsu Incident, recovered the shinji after a great battle during the Choroku Incident, and they were returned to the Northern Court the next year.
Japanese: 奪われた神器のうち、剣は清水寺で発見されるが、神爾は持ち去られたままであり、15年後の1457年（長禄元年）には、嘉吉の乱で没落した赤松氏の遺臣が長禄の変での奮闘により神爾を奪い返し、翌年には神爾は北朝の手に戻っている。
English: This incident intrigued the bakufu, and there are records remaining that held the Tamana clan and Hosokawa clan under suspicion of being associated with this incident.
Japanese: 事件は幕府内に憶測を招き、山名氏や細川氏の関与が疑われた記録も残っている。
English: Sanjo-ohashi Bridge Noticeboard Incident occurred on October 20, 1866 during the the end of the Edo Period.
Japanese: 三条制札事件（さんじょうせいさつじけん）は、幕末の慶応2年9月12日(旧暦)（1866年10月20日）。
English: The incident involved the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate), that maintained public order in Kyoto, attacking and capturing eight retainers of the Tosa clan who tried to pull out a noticeboard at Sanjo-ohashi Nishizume (the west foot of the Sanjo-ohashi bridge).
Japanese: 当時京都の治安維持を行っていた新選組が、三条大橋西詰の制札を引き抜こうとした土佐藩8名を襲撃、捕縛した事件。
English: After their failure in the Baku-cho War (war between bakufu and Choshu) carried out in 1865, the authority of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsed, and in 1867, the noticeboards (that says Choshu clan is Emperor's enemy) placed by the bakufu were frequently pulled out in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1865年（慶応元年）に実施された幕長戦争の失敗以降、江戸幕府の権威は失墜し、慶応2年になると京都では幕府の立てた（長州藩を朝敵とする内容の）制札が引き抜かれるという事件が頻発しだした。
English: Notably, the noticeboard at the west foot of the Sanjo-ohashi bridge over Kamo-gawa river (Yodo-gawa river system) was pulled out and thrown into Kamo-gawa river three times, and Shinsengumi was ordered to guard the noticeboard.
Japanese: 特に、鴨川(淀川水系)にかかる三条大橋の西詰に立てられた制札が3度に渡って引き抜かれ鴨川に捨てられたことから、新選組に制札の警護が命じられれた。
English: Ordered to guard the noticeboard, Shinsengumi were ready to surrender criminals at any time by arranging members at three points centered around Sanjo-ohashi bridge.
Japanese: 制札警護を命じられた新選組は、三条大橋を中心とした3拠点に隊士を配置し、いつでも包囲体制をとれるように準備を整えていた。
English: On the day of the incident, 12 members including Sanosuke HARADA waited in Sanjo kaisho (a meeting place in Sanjo), 10 members including Kuwajiro OISHI waited in a merchant house, 12 members including Tadao ARAI waited in a liquor store, and two more members including Kaoru ASANO were arranged as patrols, waiting for the appearance of masterless samurai.
Japanese: 事件当日は三条会所に原田左之助ら12名が、町屋に大石鍬次郎ら10名が、そして酒屋に新井忠雄ら12名が配置された上に、さらに斥候として浅野薫ら2名が配置されて不逞浪士の出現を待ち構えていた。
English: On September 12 of the same year, while Shinsengumi was on guard, eight retainers of Tosa clan led by Kichigoro FUJISAKI and Sukegoro MIYAGAWA appeared at Sanjo-ohashi Nishizume and moved as if to pull out the noticeboard.
Japanese: 新選組が警護に当たっていたところ、同年9月12日、藤崎吉五郎と宮川助五郎を中心とした土佐藩士8名が三条大橋西詰に出現、制札を引き抜く動きを見せた。
English: The group of Tadao ARAI arrived later and further attacked the Tosa retainers who started to run away, giving the advantage to Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 逃走を開始した土佐藩士たちに、遅れて駆けつけた新井忠雄隊が追い討ちをかける形となり、新選組は有利に戦いを進めた。
English: However, because Kaoru ASANO, on patrol, was afraid of the battle royal and his report to the group of Kuwajiro OISHI was too late, the plan to surrender the Tosa retainers failed and consequently they secured their escape route.
Japanese: ところが、斥候の浅野薫が乱戦を怖れたため、大石鍬次郎隊への連絡が遅れて当初予定していた包囲体制が完成せず、土佐藩士たちは退路を確保することができた。
English: Kamaji ANDO, who fought as a rear guard of the Tosa retainers put up a fight and Shinsengumi ended up losing five out of the eight Tosa retainers.
Japanese: また、土佐藩士の殿を勤めた安藤鎌次の奮戦もあり、結局、新選組は8人の土佐藩士のうち5人を逃してしまうことになった。
English: After this incident, Kaoru ASANO was accused for his cowardly behavior and ejected from Shinsengumi.
Japanese: この事件の後、浅野薫はその臆病な振る舞いを咎められて新選組を放逐された。
English: The members in the battle were given reward grants from the Aizu Clan, including Sanosuke HARADA who was given 20 ryo (current unit).
Japanese: 参戦した隊士達には原田左之助の20両を筆頭に、会津藩から恩賞が与えられた。
English: This incident is sometimes referred to as the second largest arrest after the Ikedaya Incident in the history of Shinsengumi.
Japanese: この事件は、新選組史上池田屋事件に次ぐ規模の大捕り物と言われることがある。
English: As an aside, there is a story that wearing a long sword was in fashion among the Tosa retainers at the time, but the style was abolished as the Tosa retainers became aware of the awkwardness in using a long sword due to this incident.
Japanese: 余談だが、当時土佐藩士の間では長刀を差すことがちょっとした流行になっていたらしいのだが、この事件をきっかけに、長刀は使いにくいとの認識が土佐藩士の間に広まって流行が終焉した、との逸話が残っている。
English: Jogen no Honan was an incident where monks following Senju-Nenbutsu (intently praying to Buddha) led by Honen were suppressed and Honen, Shinran and other monks with central roles were exiled throughout the country.
Japanese: 承元の法難（じょうげんのほうなん）とは、法然が率いる専修念仏の衆徒が弾圧され、法然以下、親鸞ら中心的な僧徒が各地に流罪となった事件のことである。
English: The incident was triggered by a rebellion of the monks of Mt Hiei, who demanded the cessation of Senju-Nenbutsu in 1204.
Japanese: 発端は、1204年（元久元年）の比叡山の僧徒による、専修念仏停止を訴える蜂起である。
English: Honen sent 'The Seven Articles of Religious Commandments' with 190 signatures of monk followers to Enryaku-ji Temple and this settled the quarrel with Tendai.
Japanese: 法然は「七箇条制誡」に門弟ら190名の署名を添えて延暦寺に送り、対天台については収束を見た。
English: However, in 1205, the decision to cease nenbutsu was decided by a soujo (document reported to the Emperor) from Kofuju-ji Temple in Nanto (Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: が、1205年（元久2年）南都の興福寺の奏状によって遂に念仏停止の断が下ってしまった。
English: On this occasion, the monks of Kofuku-ji Temple sent "The Nine Articles of Religious Negligence" to the Honen order.
Japanese: この時には、興福寺の僧徒から、法然教団に対して、九箇条の過失が突きつけられた。
English: In particular, Anrakubo Junsai and Hohonbo Gyoku were attacked because of their popularity with Nenbutsu shows which featured a tune similar to the Rokuji-Raisan nenbutsu.
Japanese: また、とりわけ、六時礼讃の念仏に節をつけた念仏興行で人気を博していた安楽房遵西や法本房行空が攻撃の的にされた。
English: In 1207, the Kamakura bakufu bowed to the demands from Kofuku-ji Temple and Honen was exiled to Sanuki Province.
Japanese: 1207年（建永2年・承元元年）、鎌倉幕府が興福寺の強訴に従い、法然は譛岐国に流罪となった。
English: Their beautiful voices entranced the women in Retired Emperor Gotoba's Inner Court to the point that some had their hair shaved and became nuns, angering the Retired Emperor so much that he had the two monks executed and Honen exiled.
Japanese: その美声が、後鳥羽上皇院の女房たちを魅了し、落髪して尼となったことで、上皇が激怒し、2僧を処刑した上で、法然を流罪としたものである。
English: Honen did not reach Tosa Province, but was forgiven at Sanuki, stayed for a while at Katsuo-ji Temple in Settsu Province and returned to the capital in 1211.
Japanese: 法然は、土佐国まで赴くことなく、讃岐で赦免を受け、摂津国の勝尾寺に滞在した後、1211年（建暦元年）に都に戻った。
English: The Jisho/Juei Rebellion was a large-scale internal rebellion that lasted for 6 years from 1180 to 1185 during the later Heian Period.
Japanese: 治承・寿永の乱（じしょう・じゅえいのらん）は、平安時代末期の治承4年（1180年）から元暦2年（1185年）にかけての6年間にわたる大規模な内乱である。
English: Starting with the raising of forces by Emperor Goshirakawa's son, Prince Mochihito, a country-wide rebellion against the Taira clan government occurred, also known as the Rokuhara government, which was led by TAIRA no Kiyomori.
Japanese: 後白河天皇の皇子である以仁王による挙兵を契機に各地で平清盛を中心とする六波羅政権ともよばれる平氏政権に対する反乱が起こる。
English: In the end, although there were divisions among the rebel forces, the destruction of the Taira clan government led to the establishment of the Kanto government (Kamakura bakufu) which mainly consisted of the Bando-Taira clan led by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 最終的には、反乱勢力同士の対立がありつつも平氏政権の崩壊により源頼朝を中心とした主に坂東平氏から構成される関東政権（鎌倉幕府）の樹立という結果に至る。
English: Although 'Genpei Kassen' (also called as 'Genpei Gassen,' or 'Genpai no tatakai;' the battle between Taira and Minamoto clans) is conventionally used, there are discussions that consider these terms as inappropriate.
Japanese: 一般的には「源平合戦（げんぺいかっせん、げんぺいがっせん）」あるいは「源平の戦い（げんぺいのたたかい）」などの呼称が用いられることがあるが、こうした呼称を用いることは適当でないとする議論がある。
English: The power struggle amongst Imperial family members and the aristocracy during the later Heian period led to military conflicts such as Hogen Rebellion and Heiji Rebellion.
Japanese: 平安時代の末期、皇族・貴族内部の権力闘争が、保元の乱・平治の乱といった軍事衝突に発展するようになった。
English: TAIRA no Kiyomori was highly successful in quelling these rebellions and attained exceptional advancement even though he belonged to the warrior class (there are theories proposing that Emperor Shirakawa was TAIRA no Kiyomori's biological father), reaching the post of Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) in 1167.
Japanese: こうした内乱で大きな働きをした平清盛は、武士の身分でありながら異例の栄達を遂げ（平清盛の実父が白河天皇だったためとする説もある）、仁安(日本)2年（1167年）には太政大臣となる。
English: Members of the Taira clan held principal posts and obtained governorship of chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom), effectively establishing a Taira clan government.
Japanese: 平氏一門は主要官位を占め、多数の知行国を得て、事実上の平氏政権が成立した。
English: The prosperity of TAIRA no Kiyomori's family (the Taira clan) intruded upon the interests of other aristocrats and Imperial family members who were part of the old regime.
Japanese: 平清盛一族（平氏）の隆盛は、旧来の勢力である他の貴族や皇族の権益を圧迫した。
English: With the help of hatred towards the Taira clan, who originated from the warrior class, rebellion against TAIRA no Kiyomori's government started to secretly spread, mainly among the aristocracy.
Japanese: 武士身分出身である平氏への嫌悪も手伝って、貴族層を中心に平清盛政権への反発が密かに広まった。
English: This took a more concrete shape in 1177 as the Shishigatani Conspiracy.
Japanese: これが具体化したものが、安元3年（1177年）の鹿ケ谷の陰謀である。
English: The conspiracy was discovered beforehand and associated aristocrats and warriors (many of them were close aides of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa) were exiled.
Japanese: 陰謀は程なく発覚し、荷担した貴族や武士（多くは後白河法皇の近臣）が追放された。
English: In November 1179, a coup d'etat by TAIRA no Kiyomori captured the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and in February 1180, Emperor Takakura abdicated in favor of Imperial Prince Tokihito (Emperor Antoku).
Japanese: 治承3年（1179年）11月に平清盛によるクーデターで後白河法皇が幽閉され、翌年2月、高倉天皇が言仁（ときひと）親王に譲位（安徳天皇）。
English: In 1180, following the recommendation of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), Prince Mochihito, who had virtually no chance of becoming emperor now, raised forces and issued a call to plan an attack on the Taira clan, abolish Emperor Antoku, and establish a new government.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）、皇位継承がほぼ絶望となった以仁王が、摂津源氏である源頼政の勧めに応じて、平氏追討・安徳天皇の廃位・新政権の樹立を計画した令旨を発して挙兵する。
English: However, this plan was found out just before the forces were ready and none of the forces that had been anticipated to support the call appeared.
Japanese: しかし挙兵直前に企てが発覚したことと併せて期待していた令旨に呼応する挙兵勢力も現れなかった。
English: Therefore, the large force of Taira clan troops led by TAIRA no Tomomori and TAIRA no Shigehira destroyed MINAMOTO no Yorimasa's family at Byodo-in Temple in Uji in May of that year, and this became the start of an internal rebellion that lasted for 6 years.
Japanese: そして、平知盛・平重衡率いる平氏の大軍によって、同年5月に宇治の平等院で源頼政一族は敗死することになるが、この挙兵が後6年間にわたる内乱の契機となる。
English: Immediately after the death of Prince Mochihito, his sympathizers passed on his call to Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) members lying in wait across the country.
Japanese: 以仁王敗死の直後から、以仁王への同調者らによって令旨が各地に雌伏する河内源氏へと伝達された。
English: One of them, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, from near the end of June started to call to bushi groups in Sagami, Izu and Musashi that were traditionally vassals of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), and attacked and killed Kanetaka YAMAKI, who lived in Izu, on August 17.
Japanese: そのうちの1人である源頼朝は、6月末頃から河内源氏累代の家人とされる相模・伊豆・武蔵の武士団への呼びかけを始めて、8月17日には、伊豆在住の山木兼隆を襲撃して殺害する。
English: Immediately after that, Yoritomo's troops experienced a large loss in a battle against Kagechika OBA at Mt. Ishibashi in Sagami Province (the Battle of Mt. Ishibashi).
Japanese: その直後、相模国石橋山にて大庭景親らと交戦して頼朝軍は惨敗する（石橋山の戦い）。
English: Yoritomo took a sea route to Awa Province to join up with the powerful family within the Sagami Miura peninsula, the Miura clan, and gathered various families such as the local officials of Awa Province, Hirotsune KAZUSA and Tsunetane CHIBA of the Boso peninsula, Tomoto ADACHI and Shigetada HATAKEYAMA of Musashi, rapidly becoming a major force.
Japanese: 頼朝は、海路で安房国へ移動して相模三浦半島の豪族である三浦氏と合流した後、安房の在庁官人をはじめ房総半島の上総広常、千葉常胤、武蔵の足立遠元、畠山重忠らの諸豪族を傘下に加えながら急速に大勢力となっていく。
English: The majority of the troops were bushi belonging to the Taira clan associated with the Kanto area and were also in fact local governors.
Japanese: この勢力の大部分は、関東一帯に勢力をはる平氏系武士であり、在地領主でもあった。
English: In those times, the ownership of land by members of the warrior class was uncertain and it is suggested that the reason for the rapid gathering of bushi under Yoritomo's troops was because there was a strong wish for a government controlled by bushi.
Japanese: 当時、武士身分の領地所有は不安定であって頼朝軍への急速な武士の集結の背景には、武士による権利確立への強い希求があったのではないかと考えられている。
English: On October 6, Yoritomo entered Kamakura in Sagami Province, which was a place linked with his ancestry.
Japanese: 10月6日、頼朝は先祖のゆかりの地である相模国鎌倉へ入って本拠地とする。
English: By this time, the Kanto government had effectively obtained control of Southern Kanto.
Japanese: また、この時までに関東政権は関東南部の実質的な支配権を獲得している。
English: In response to the situation in Kanto, the Taira clan government sent forces led by TAIRA no Koremori and TAIRA no Tadanori.
Japanese: 関東での状況を受けて平氏政権は平維盛、平忠度らが率いる追討軍を派遣した。
English: The forces traveled by Tokai-do Road and met the Kanto Allied Forces of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and Nobuyoshi TAKEDA at the Kise-gawa River in Suruga Province on October 18.
Japanese: 追討軍は東海道を下り、10月18日、駿河国黄瀬川で源頼朝、武田信義の関東連合軍と対峙する。
English: Seeing the large force they faced, many troops defected from the Taira clan forces and the battle ended with no serious engagements and the Taira clan forces fleeing the site (The Battle of Fuji-gawa River).
Japanese: 大軍を見て平氏軍からは脱落者が相次ぎ、目立った交戦もないまま平氏軍は敗走することとなった（富士川の戦い）。
English: Yoritomo considered proceeding on to Kyoto with the momentum he had gained, but the majority of the Kanto government gave priority to managing the East Country so he returned to Kamakura.
Japanese: これに乗じて頼朝は上洛も検討するが、関東政権の大勢は東国経営の優先を望んだために鎌倉に帰還した。
English: Later, Yoritomo newly established the Samurai-dokoro (station for Samurai) to manage the large numbers in the Bushi Group and named Yoshimori WADA as Betto (chief of the Samurai-dokoro) and Kagetoki KAJIWARA as Shoshi (deputy of the Samurai-dokoro).
Japanese: その後、頼朝は巨大となった武士団を統率するため侍所を新設し、和田義盛を別当、梶原景時を所司に任じる。
English: For the Kanto bushi at that time, political stability within the Kanto region was their top priority.
Japanese: 当時の関東の武士にとって、最優先事項であったのは関東内部の政治的安定である。
English: It is thought that their aim was different from that of Yoritomo's, which was to return to central government in Kyoto.
Japanese: 京都の中央政府への復帰を目指していた頼朝とは目的を異にしていたものと考えられている。
English: Yoritomo was asked to maintain the rights for his supporting forces and spent much effort on eliminating or subduing forces based in Kanto that did not support him, such as Yoshihiro SHIDA, Yoshishige NITTA, the Satake clan and Tadatsuna ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 頼朝には、自らの支持勢力の権利を確保することが求められており、実際に頼朝は、志田義広、新田義重、佐竹氏や足利忠綱といった関東在住の非支持勢力を排除するか、もしくは、屈服させることに非常に尽力している。