nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Until around then, he mainly did translation, but after the issue of "Subaru" (literature magazine) in 1909, he started writing again and contributed to the magazine every month (A time Mokutaro KINOSHITA referred to as 'The Time of Harvest').
Japanese: このころまでは翻訳が多かったが、1909年（明治42年）に『スバル(文芸雑誌)』が創刊されると、これに毎号寄稿して創作活動を再開した（木下杢太郎のいう「豊熟の時代」）。
English: He exhibited "Hannichi" (Half a Day), "Vita Sexualis," "Niwatori" (The Chicken), and the novel "Seinen" (Youth) in the magazine, and published plays such as "Kamen" (The Mask) and "Shizuka" (Silence).
Japanese: 『半日』『ヰタ・セクスアリス』『鶏』『青年(小説)』などを『スバル』に載せ、『仮面』『静』などの戯曲を発表。
English: In July of the year "Subaru" began to be issued, Ogai was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature by Tokyo Imperial University.
Japanese: その『スバル』創刊年の7月、鴎外は、東京帝国大学から文学博士の学位を授与された。
English: However directly after this, his work "Vita Sexualis" ("Subaru" vol. July) was banned form publishing.
Japanese: しかし、直後に『ヰタ・セクスアリス』（『スバル』7月号）が発売禁止処分を受けた。
English: Further, he was admonished by Ishimoto Vice-chief of Ministry of Army, when the Keihokyoku of the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan) visited the Department of War in August.
Japanese: しかも、内務省(日本)の警保局が陸軍省を訪れた8月、鴎外は石本陸軍省陸軍次官から戒飭（かいちょく）された。
English: In December, he made his position clear by using the English word 'resignation' in his piece 'Yogatachiba' (My position).
Japanese: 同年12月、「予が立場」でレジグナチオン（諦念）をキーワードに自らの立場を明らかにした。
English: In 1910 when he assumed office as advisor to the Department of Literature of Keio University (he recommended Kafu NAGAI as an instructor), from May people involved in the Case of High Treason began to be arrested.
Japanese: 慶應義塾大学の文学科顧問に就任（教授職に永井荷風を推薦）した1910年（明治43年）は、5月に大逆事件の検挙がはじまった。
English: Ogai and his wife's names appeared in the sixth edition of a serial called 'Dangerous foreign books' started by the Asahi Shinbun in September, and the Nanbokucho-Seijunron (argument over legitimacy of Northern or Southern Courts) became further divided.
Japanese: 9月に朝日新聞が「危険なる洋書」という連載を開始して6回目に鴎外と妻の名が掲載され、さらに南北朝正閏論南北朝正閏問題が大きくなった。
English: In such stifling year, he published "ファスチェス" (about the issue of the ban), "Chinmoku no to" (The Tower of Silence) (about learning and art), "Shokudo" (diner) (covering Kropotkin, anarchism and so on).
Japanese: そうした閉塞感がただよう年に『ファスチェス』（発禁問題）、『沈黙の塔』（学問と芸術）、『食堂』（クロポトキンや無政府主義等を記述）などを発表。
English: In 1911 also, he published "Casuistica" and "Delusion," then after completing "Seinen" (Youth), he began to issue two serial long stories: "The Wild Geese" and "Kaijin" (Ashes of Destruction) simultaneously.
Japanese: 翌1911年（明治44年）にも『カズイスチカ』『妄想』を発表し、『青年』の完結後、『雁』と『灰燼』の2長編の同時連載を開始。
English: In April of the same year, he put the following statement in 'Bungei no Shugi' (Principle of Literature) (original title : Literary Fragments).
Japanese: 同年4月の「文芸の主義」（原題：文芸断片）では、次のように記述した。
English: Then, he concluded that 'For the sake of our nation, we must stop persecuting art and labelling it as 'individualistic' or 'egotistical' simply for the purpose of removing anarchism and socialism which grew up together
Japanese: 」とした上で、「無政府主義と、それと一しょに芽ざした社会主義との排斥をする為に、個人主義という漠然たる名を附けて、芸術に迫害を加えるのは、国家のために惜むべき事である。
English: A country which prevents the independent research of learning as well as the independent evolution of art can never flourish.
Japanese: 学問の自由研究と芸術の自由発展とを妨げる国は栄えるはずがない。」と結んだ。
English: Between 1912 and 1913, he published a serial work with the same main character called Hidemaro GOJO from "Kanoyoni" (in this way) to "Tsuchiikka," as well as "Nezumizaka Slope" in which he described episodes from his own experience in the battlefield such as teasing a commander.
Japanese: 1912年-1913年（大正元年-2年）には、『かのように』から『槌一下』まで五条秀麿を主人公にした連作を、また司令官を揶揄するなど戦場体験も描かれた『鼠坂』などを発表した。
English: At this time, he wrote pieces inspired by things around him, deep pieces about things he was concerned about, educational novels and plays.
Japanese: このころは、身辺に題材をとった作品や思想色の濃い作品や教養小説や戯曲などを執筆した。
English: In spare moments from his public service, he continued his translation, introduction and comment on foreign literature, including Goethe's three masterpieces such as "Faust."
Japanese: もっとも公務のかたわら、『ファウスト』などゲーテの三作品をはじめ、外国文学の翻訳・紹介・解説もつづけていた。
English: Between 1910 and 1911, the aforementioned Vice-chief Ishimoto and Ogai, as Medical Office Director, conflicted over the right to human resources in Army medicine which had been a long-term concern, developing to the extent that Ogai announced his resignation to Ishimoto.
Japanese: なお、1910-1911年、懸案とされてきた軍医の人事権をめぐり、件（くだん）の石本次官と医務局長の鴎外とが激しく対立し、鴎外が石本に辞意を告げる事態にまでなった。
English: It is thought that one of the reasons why Ogai's insistence was effective even though he belonged to the hygiene department (an inferior department under the strict class society of the Army), was that he was backed by Aritomo YAMAGATA.
Japanese: 階級社会の軍隊で、それも一段低い扱いを受ける衛生部の鴎外の主張がとおった背景の一つに、山県有朋の存在があったと考えられている
English: In August 1912, he published "Chihiro HATORI" which was the first novel written in his original style to describe the real life of a real person based on historical resources.
Japanese: 1912年（大正元年）8月、「実在の人間を資料に拠って事実のまま叙述する、鴎外独自の小説作品の最初のもの」である『羽鳥千尋』を発表。
English: On September 13, 1913, he completed "The Last Testament of Okitsu Yagoemon" (first draft), having been inspired five days previously by Maresuke NOGI's death following his master to the grave.
Japanese: 翌9月13日、乃木希典の殉死に影響を受けて5日後に『興津弥五右衛門の遺書』（初稿）を書き終えた。
English: This occasion let him advance to historical novels, and he wrote "The Abe clan" of 'Rekishi Sonomama,' "Sanshodayu" and "Takasebune" (The Boat on the River Takase) (novel) from 'Rekishi Banare' and so on, and finally he produced the historical biography "Chusai SHIBUE."
Japanese: これを機に歴史小説に進み、「歴史其儘」の『阿部一族』、「歴史離れ」の『山椒大夫』『高瀬舟(小説)』などののち、史伝『渋江抽斎』に結実した。
English: On the other hand, he also wrote modern novels until about 1915.
Japanese: ただし、1915年（大正4年）頃まで、現代小説も並行して執筆していた。
English: He wrote 'Munaguruma' (empty car), a essay in 1916, regarded as important by researchers and critics in later generations, then an essay 'Reigi kogoto' (Grumblings about Social Propriety), in January 1918 the year following the Russian Revolution.
Japanese: 1916年（大正5年）には、後世の鴎外研究家や評論家から重要視される随筆「空車」（むなぐるま）を、ロシア革命の翌年1918年（大正7年）1月には随筆「礼儀小言」を著した。
English: In April 1916, partly because of how young he had been on appointment, he retired from the post of Director (the highest post) of the Medical Office of the Department of War, a service of eight and a half years and was incorporated into the reserve.
Japanese: 1916年（大正5年）4月、任官時の年齢が低いこともあり、トップの陸軍省医務局長を8年半つとめて退き、予備役に編入された。
English: After that, in December 1917 he simultaneously assumed office as director general of Imperial Museum (present Tokyo National Museum) and Head of Books of the Zushoryo (Bureau of Drawings and Books) and Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household), then Goyogakari of Council for the Imperial House System in January of the following year.
Japanese: その後、1917年（大正7年）12月、帝室博物館（現東京国立博物館）総長兼図書寮宮内省図書頭（ずしょのかみ）に、翌年1月に帝室制度審議会御用掛に就任した。
English: Furthermore, he became the first director of the Imperial Art Academy (present The Japan Art Academy) in September 1918.
Japanese: さらに1918年（大正8年）9月、帝国美術院（現日本芸術院）初代院長となった。
English: As he was opposed to 'Meiji' and 'Taisho' as era names, he launched a historical investigation and compilation on the Emperor's Okurina (a posthumous name) and era, in his position as Head of Books at the Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household).
Japanese: 元号の「明治」と「大正」に否定的であったため、宮内省図書頭として天皇の諡（おくりな）と元号の考証・編纂に着手した。
English: Despite managing to publish his "Consideration on the Emperors' Posthumous Names," his health began to worsen so he personally selected and asked Masuzo YOSHIDA to succeed his work, and Yoshida later contributed to completing the unfinished "Gengoko" (Consideration on the Era) and proposed the era name 'Showa.'
Japanese: しかし『天諡考』は刊行したものの、病状の悪化により、自ら見いだした吉田増蔵に後を託しており、後年この吉田が未完の『元号考』の刊行に尽力し、元号案「昭和」を提出することとなった。
English: He is famous for leaving a will to be buried under the name of 'Rintaro MORI, a person from Iwami (his birthplace),' so respecting this his grave has only a simple inscription of 'Grave of Rintaro MORI' on it, omitting all his honors and titles.
Japanese: 「余ハ石見人森林太郎トシテ死セント欲ス」という遺言は有名で、遺言により一切の栄誉、称号を排して墓には「森林太郎ノ墓」とのみ刻されている。
English: After the Great Kanto Earthquake, his grave was relocated to Zenrin-ji Temple, Mitaka City, Tokyo Prefecture as well as Yomei-ji Temple, Tsuwano-cho.
Japanese: なお、関東大震災後、東京都三鷹市の禅林寺(三鷹市)と津和野町の永明寺に改葬された。
English: Ogai was always involved in dispute in the fields of literature and medical science, both of which he specialized in.
Japanese: 鴎外は自らが専門とした文学・医学、両分野において論争が絶えない人物であった。
English: In the field of literature, he pointed at idealism to describe subjective concepts, such as ideals and principles, which caused confrontation with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI who contrarily looked to realistic anti-idealism to describe things and phenomenons objectively.
Japanese: 文学においては理想や理念など主観的なものを描くべきだとする理想主義を掲げ、事物や現象を客観的に描くべきだとする写実主義的な没理想を掲げる坪内逍遥と衝突する。
English: On the other hand, in medical science, he relied on modern western medicine, and initiated serious dispute with Chinese and Japanese doctors.
Japanese: また医学においては近代の西洋医学を旨とし、和漢方医と激烈な論争を繰り広げたこともある。
English: He criticized the medical world of Japan, saying it was over 70% occupied by Chinese and Japanese doctors, so specialists who made progress studying other fields such as German medical science were disregarded, and this situation prevented the medical progression of Japan, so the number of doctors graduating from medical school should be increased.
Japanese: 和漢方医が7割以上を占めていた当時の医学界は、ドイツ医学界のような学問において業績を上げた学者に不遇であり、日本の医学の進歩を妨げている、大卒の医者を増やすべきだ、などと批判する。
English: He continued the dispute for six years with veterans including Ryojun MATSUMOTO who was known as the founder of modern medical science.
Japanese: 松本良順など近代医学の始祖と呼ばれている長老などと6年ほど論争を続けた。
English: One of the disputes began with Ogai's criticism in "Shigarami Soshi," of the short explanation which Shoyo added to his own comments on William SHAKESPEARE in 'Waseda Bungaku' (Waseda Literature).
Japanese: 逍遥が「早稲田文学」にウィリアム・シェイクスピアの評釈に関して加えた短い説明に対し、批判的な評を『しがらみ草紙』に載せたことから論争が始まった。
English: The dispute Ogai was involved in was sometimes called 'aggressive criticism' or 'controversial philosophy.'
Japanese: このような形で鴎外が関わってきた論争は「戦闘的評論」や「論争的啓蒙」などと評される。
English: In his thirties, however, the nature of his critical philosophical activities changed from one of fighting and criticism to a moderate one, for instance beginning to issue the Mezamashi-gusa (Eye-awakening grasses) magazine after the Sino-Japanese War and publishing joint reviews in it.
Japanese: もっとも三十歳代になると、日清戦争後に『めさまし草』を創刊して「合評」をするなど、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
English: For example, his initial representative works as a translator were "Omokage" (Vestiges) (joint translation) mentioned above and "Sokkyo Shijin" (Improvising Poet) intermittently published from 1892 to 1901.
Japanese: たとえば、訳者としては、上記の訳詩集『於母影』（共訳）と、1892-1901年に断続的に発表された『即興詩人』とが初期の代表的な仕事である。
English: "Omokage" (Vestiges) had a great impact on the poetry world of Meiji, while "Sokkyo Shijin" (Improvising Poet) appealed to Meiji period literary men with its flowing elegant sentences, to the extent a lot of young literary enthusiasts (for example, Hakucho MASAMUNE) toured each region of Italy with the book in hand.
Japanese: 『於母影』は明治詩壇に多大な影響を与えており、『即興詩人』は、流麗な雅文で明治期の文人を魅了し、その本を片手にイタリア各地をまわる文学青年（正宗白鳥など）が続出した。
English: Ogai also translated a lot of plays (of which a considerable number were put in the magazine "Kabuki" which his younger brother Takeji MIKI was responsible for editing), and even translated opera too.
Japanese: また鴎外は、戯曲の翻訳も多く（弟の三木竹二が責任編集をつとめる雑誌『歌舞伎』に掲載されたものは少なくない）、歌劇（オペラ）の翻訳まで手がけていた。
English: He also created new Japanese words (based on Chinese characters) such as 'Kokyogaku, Kokyokyoku' (both meaning symphony), and gave a lecture on western music with Nobu KODA (a younger sister of Rohan), a musician who had come back to Japan after six-years' studying in Europe and America ('With western music and Ms. Koda').
Japanese: ちなみに、訳語（和製漢語）の「交響楽、交響曲」をつくっており、6年間の欧米留学を終えた演奏家、幸田延（露伴の妹）と洋楽談義をした（「西楽と幸田氏と」）。
English: He not only translated such foreign pieces, he also made a good deal of philosophical critiques of plays after his return to Japan.
Japanese: そうした外国作品の翻訳だけでなく、帰国後から演劇への啓蒙的な評論も少なくない。
English: The subject of his translations was not limited to literature; he also dealt with aesthetics such as "Shinbigaku Koryo" (aesthetic program) by Hartmann.
Japanese: 翻訳は、文学作品を超え、ハルトマン『審美学綱領』のような審美学（美学の旧称）も対象となった。
English: Ogai's study of aesthetics went further than that of a translator, as shown in the dispute on "anti-idealism" with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, which also affected Katai TAYAMA.
Japanese: 単なる訳者にとどまらない鴎外の審美学は、坪内逍遥との没理想論争にも現れており、田山花袋にも影響を与えた。
English: Starting as a part-time professor (of artistic anatomy, aesthetics and western art history) at Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of the Arts), Ogai also served as an instructor of aesthetics at Keio University, an examiner of the western painting department of 'the 1st Bunten exhibition,' the director general of Imperial Museum, the 1st director of The Japan Art Academy and so on.
Japanese: その鴎外は、上記のとおり東京美術学校（現東京藝術大学）の嘱託教員（美術解剖学・審美学・西洋美術史）をはじめ、慶應義塾大学の審美学講師、「初期文展」西洋画部門などの審査員、帝室博物館総長や日本芸術院初代院長などをつとめた。
English: But, he didn't take apprentices or establish a new group in the literary world like Soseki NATSUME who was also a professor like him.
Japanese: しかし、教師でもあった夏目漱石のように弟子を取ったり、文壇で党派を作ったりはしなかった。
English: Ogai who had spent four years in Germany seemed to prefer the sociable atmosphere of Western style lounges to closed, restricted human relationships.
Japanese: ドイツに4年留学した鴎外は、閉鎖的で縛られたような人間関係を好まず、西洋風の社交的なサロンの雰囲気を好んでいたとされる。
English: In spare moments from his work as a senior official, he edited publications aimed at a particular hobby groups or held poetry readings at home to make contact with various different people.
Japanese: 高等官生活の合間も、書斎にこもらず、同人誌を主宰したり、自宅で歌会を開いたりして色々な人々と交際した。
English: Even though it was limited to literary people and men of letters, the "Omokage" (Vestiges), a translated book of poems, was translated by five people, and "Shigarami Soshi" (Constraint Brochure) and "Mezamashi-gusa" (Eye-awakening grasses) magazine, a publication aimed at a particular hobby group, were circulated to many people.
Japanese: 文学者・文人に限っても、訳詩集『於母影』は5人による共訳であり、同人誌の『しがらみ草紙』と『めさまし草』にも多くの人が参加した。
English: The Poetry Readings at Kanchoro House began in March 1907, and as Ogai was concerned about causing confrontation in the literary world between Tekkan YOSANO's school, the 'Shinshisha' (New Poetry Society) and the 'Negishi' School which originated with Shiki MASAOKA, he invited a representative poet from each school.
Japanese: その観潮楼歌会は、1907年（明治40年）3月、鴎外が与謝野鉄幹の「新詩社」系と正岡子規の系譜「根岸」派との歌壇内対立を見かね、両派の代表歌人をまねいて開かれた。
English: After that, they began to get together on every first Saturday of the month, and it continued until April 1910.
Japanese: 以後、毎月第一土曜日に集まり、1910年（明治43年）4月までつづいた。
English: As well as Sachio ITO, Banri HIRANO, Bin UEDA, and Nobutsuna SASAKI, Hakushu KITAHARA, Isamu YOSHII, Takuboku ISHIKAWA and Mokutaro KINOSHITA from the 'Shinshisha' school and the new poets from 'Negishi' School such as Mokichi SAITO and Chikashi KOIZUMI also took park (twenty-two people in total including Akiko YOSANO).
Japanese: 伊藤左千夫・平野万里・上田敏・佐佐木信綱等が参加し、「新詩社」系の北原白秋・吉井勇・石川啄木・木下杢太郎、「根岸」派の斉藤茂吉・古泉千樫等の新進歌人も参加した（与謝野晶子を含めて延べ22名）。
English: Also, as the group was relatively undiscriminatory against women for its time, Ichiyo HIGUCHI was soon discovered as an excellent poet, and Akiko YOSANO and Raicho HIRATSUKA were also highly evaluated.
Japanese: また、当時としては女性蔑視が少なく、樋口一葉をいち早く激賞しただけでなく、与謝野晶子と平塚らいてうも早くから高く評価した。
English: Ogai got along with modern women who had a strong sense of individuality and thus were subject to criticism, for example Akiko (whose twins were named by Ogai), Raicho, Kazue OTAKE who edited high art magazine 'Saffron,' and so on.
Japanese: 晶子（出産した双子の名付け親が鴎外）やらいてうや純芸術雑誌「番紅花」（さふらん）を主宰した尾竹一枝など、個性的で批判されがちな新しい女性達とも広く交際した。
English: Ogai produced a fair number of works in which main character was female, and some of these had the heroine's name as a title, such as the plays "Yasui fujin" (The Wife of Yasui), "Shizuka" and "Hanako," plus the translated play "Nora" (original title "A Doll's House" by Ibsen).
Japanese: その鴎外の作品には、女性を主人公にしたものが少なくなく、ヒロインの名を題名にしたものも複数ある（『安井夫人』、戯曲『静』、『花子』、翻訳戯曲『ノラ』（イプセン作『人形の家』））。
English: As mentioned above, Ogai was an army surgeon (a member of the inaugural class) who learned modern Western medicine at The University of Tokyo, then went to study for four years in medically advanced Germany, finally moving on to be General Office Director of Military Medicine (corresponding to Lieutenant General), and Medical Office Director.
Japanese: 上記のとおり鴎外は、東京大学で近代西洋医学を学んだ陸軍軍医（第一期生）であり、医学先進国ドイツに4年間留学し、最終的に軍医総監（中将相当）・医務局長にまで上りつめた。
English: He asserted his theory that beriberi, a major concern in the military at the time, was an infectious disease spread through germs, in opposition to Kanehiro TAKAKI, who later became the General Office Director of Navy Surgeon, and British medical science.
Japanese: 当時軍事衛生上の大きな問題であった脚気の原因について細菌による感染症との説を主張し、のちに海軍軍医総監になる高木兼寛（及びイギリス医学）と対立した。
English: He was so convinced of his theory that he issued an announcement to forbid eating barley rice which was taken as a diet supplement for beriberi in the Navy of the times, and in the Russo-Japanese War also, he refused to supply barley rice to soldiers (as he mentioned in his short story 'Moso' (Delusion).
Japanese: 自説に固執し、当時海軍で採用していた脚気対策の治療法として行われていた麦飯を禁止する通達を出し、さらに日露戦争でも兵士に麦飯を支給するのを拒んだ（自ら短編「妄想」で触れている）。
English: However, because of the undeveloped medical standards of the time (vitamins were as yet unknown) the correlation between consuming barley rice and the improvement of beriberi had not been scientifically proven (in the field of German medical science), and Takagi considered the cause of beriberi to be a shortage of protein (from statistical analysis of patients and foods based on a British model).
Japanese: 但し当時の医学水準上（ビタミンの未発見）麦飯食と脚気改善の相関関係は(ドイツ医学的には)科学的に立証されておらず、高木側は脚気の原因を(イギリス医学の手法である、患者と食料の統計学的分析から)蛋白質不足であるとしていた。
English: As a consequence, 250,000 people in the army suffered from beriberi, and nearly 30,000 soldiers died, however the Navy had only 87 beriberi patients.
Japanese: ともあれ結果的に陸軍は25万人の脚気患者を出し、3万名近い兵士を病死させる事態となった（同時期、海軍では脚気患者はわずか87名。
English: This was because Takagi anticipated the correlation between foods and beriberi, and supplied barley rice to soldiers.
Japanese: 高木により食品と脚気の相関関係が予測され、兵員に麦飯が支給されたためである）。
English: Two divisions' worth of soldiers died from beriberi, and many soldiers were killed in the war through lack of energy due to the disease, so Ogai was criticized for contributing more to the deaths of Japanese soldiers than any Russian general.
Japanese: 実に2個師団に相当する兵士が脚気で命を落とし、また戦闘力低下のために戦死した兵も少なくなく「（鴎外は）ロシアのどの将軍よりも多くの日本兵を殺した」との批判も存在している。
English: Just before the end of the Russo-Japanese War, Masatake TERAUCHI, the Minister of the Army, became impatient and decided to ignore the attendant Ogai and supply barley rice, making Ogai lose face (During the Sino-Japanese War Terauchi also demanded barley rice as a supplement for beriberi, but was turned down by Ogai).
Japanese: 日露戦争終戦直前、業を煮やした陸軍大臣寺内正毅が鴎外の頭越しに麦飯の支給を決定、鴎外の面目は失われることとなった（寺内は日清戦争当時、具申した脚気対策に麦を送れと言う要望を鴎外により握り潰された経緯がある）。
English: Umetaro SUZUKI later discovered Oryzanin (Vitamin B1), a wonder drug for beriberi, and having proved its correlation with the disease, reports of its effectiveness were issued in quick succession.
Japanese: 後に鈴木梅太郎が脚気の特効薬であるオリザニン（＝ビタミンB1）を発見し、脚気との因果関係が証明されて治癒の報告が相次いだ。
English: Besides, Kiyoshi SHIGA, the man who discovered the dysentery bacillus, also supported the theory that beriberi was related to nutrition, so even in the medical world this theory began to be accepted.
Japanese: また、赤痢菌を見つけた志賀潔などが脚気の栄養由来説を支持したこともあり、医学界でも脚気栄養起源説が受け入れられつつあった。
English: In the end, Ogai never let go of his theory that beriberi was an infectious disease spread through germs his whole life.
Japanese: 結局、鴎外は死ぬまで「脚気は細菌による感染症である」との自説を撤回しなかった。
English: It was two years after Ogai's death that the nation accepted the view that beriberi derived from nutrition.
Japanese: 脚気栄養起源説の国家としての見識が示されたのは鴎外の死の2年後であった。
English: There are also those who defend Ogai, suggesting that people should consider the fact that, at the time, most noncommissioned officers and soldiers longed to eat polished white rice after joining the army, because barley rice was less tasty (rice polishing technology was not as advanced as it is today).
Japanese: 鴎外を擁護する立場からは、下士官・兵(日本軍)達の「入隊したからには白米を食べたい」という声があり、当時、麦飯は白米に比べ美味でないとされていた（麦の精白技術が現代ほど発達していなかったため）こと（脚気歴史）を考慮すべきとの意見もある。
English: Kanehiro TAKAKI, who recommended eating barley rice, proposed 'Dissemination of Poverty' to resolve the urban hygiene issue, and insisted on kicking the poor out of Tokyo.
Japanese: 麦飯食を推進した高木兼寛は都市衛生問題で「高木兼寛貧民散布論」を提案し、東京から貧民を追い出すべきとの主張をしていた。
English: Whilst this insistence may have been acceptable to some extent from a medical or public hygiene point of view, there was a major humanitarian issue, and even Ogai fundamentally disagreed with the 'Dissemination of Poverty' so the two were deeply opposed each other emotionally and otherwise.
Japanese: この主張はたしかに医学的・公衆衛生学的にはある程度評価できるものであったが、人道上の大きな問題があり、その立場から「貧民散布論」を徹底批判したのが鴎外ということもあって、両者の間には感情的にも深い対立関係が存在していた。
English: In addition, the theory of beriberi deriving from germs was originally suggested by Tadanori ISHIGURO who contributed to realizing Ogai's study in Germany.
Japanese: 加えて脚気細菌起源説は鴎外のドイツ留学実現に尽力した石黒忠悳の主張だった。
English: It has been pointed that the situation at the time was such that study in Germany was not possible without the government's financial support.
Japanese: このため当時ドイツ留学が国費留学以外に不可能だったという事情を鑑みる向きもある。
English: Besides, Ogai MORI did recognize the importance of the nutritional value of food, and gave instruction for sufficient supplies of meat and vegetables to soldiers during the Sino-Japanese War, but as he believed beriberi derived from germs he did not think nutrition played a role in the disease.
Japanese: なお、森鴎外も食事上の栄養価については考慮していて、日露戦争時は新たに兵に十分な肉と野菜を与えるように指示していたが、脚気は細菌に由来すると考えていたため、脚気を考慮していたものではなかった。
English: However, pork, which the most consumed meat at the time contains a lot of vitamin B1, so if Ogai MORI's instruction had actually been carried out, beriberi might not have occurred.
Japanese: （ただし、当時肉として主に使われていた豚肉には大量のビタミンB1が含まれているため、森鴎外の指示が行われていたら、脚気は発生しなかった可能性が高い)。
English: During the Russo-Japanese War, the food supply got disconnected and it was difficult to procure on the spot, so the soldiers' energy (calories) came purely through rice, and as the supply of barley rice to the army was stopped by Ogai and others, it led to many cases of beriberi and many deaths.
Japanese: 日露戦争では補給が滞り現地調達も困難であったため、米のみで熱量（カロリー）を補給する事態となり、鴎外らによって麦飯の補給を止められた陸軍では、大量の脚気患者と死者を生み出す結果となった。
English: Perhaps because he was an army surgeon, he is said to have created the Chinese-derived word Joho ('Information') stemming from the first characters of the words Reporting ('Hokoku') and Situation ('Josei'), however this theory is disputed.
Japanese: 軍医であったためか「情勢を報告する・させる」目的から「情報」という言葉を考え出した人物とも言われる（異論もある）。
English: The first is the examination of soldiers' food which took place in the year following his return from Germany (August - December, 1889), which was at the forefront of nutritional science of the time.
Japanese: 一つは、ドイツから帰国した翌年の陸軍兵食試験（1889年8月-12月）であり、その試験は当時の栄養学の最先端に位置した。
English: The second is his foundation of the Provisional Investigation Committee of Beriberi in 1908 after assuming the role of Director of the Medical Bureau, Department of War.
Japanese: もう一つは、陸軍省医務局長就任後の臨時脚気病調査会の創設（1908年）である。
English: The investigation committee, a state institution directed by the Minister of the Army, was dedicated to looking deep into the causes of beriberi, included all the top researchers of the time and took a huge amount of money.
Japanese: 脚気病の原因究明を目的としたその調査会は、陸軍大臣の監督する国家機関として、当代一流の研究者が総動員され、多額の予算がつぎ込まれた。
English: Although it was abolished in 1924 when the theory of correlation between beriberi and vitamins became accepted, it became a parent organization to a later study group of beriberi.
Japanese: 脚気ビタミン説が確定して廃止（1924年）されたものの、その後の脚気病研究会の母体となった。