nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Regarding the above, we will explain in the section of 'The characteristics of Senji ryakketsu grasped as a Senji ryakketsu Senjutsusho' (a book of divination).
Japanese: この点については「占事略决占術書としてみた占事略决の特徴」の節で解説する。
English: "Senji ryakketsu" consists of 36 chapters and each chapter is titled "O O ho".
Japanese: 『占事略决』では、各章の見出しが全て「何々法」となっており、全体で36の章がある。
English: The procedures of the divination with Rikujinshinka are explained in Chapter 1 to Chapter 3.
Japanese: 第一章から三章までが六壬神課で占うに当たっての手続きの解説となっている。
English: When making Tenchiban, a simple tool called 'Shikiban' (a tool used in the process of making Tenchiban) is sometimes used.
Japanese: 天地盤を作成するときに「式盤」と呼ばれる簡易な器具が使用されることがある。
English: The symbolism of Juni Tensho and Juni Gessho, which are emphasized in Rikujin, is explained in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5.
Japanese: 第四、第五の章が六壬で重要視される十二天将と月将が持つ象意の解説にあてられている。
English: The fundamental knowledge of Onmyodo and the preliminary preparation for divination, such as the explanation about the rivalry of gogyo based on the philosophy of inyogogyo (the cosmic dual forces (yin and yang) and the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth) in Chinese cosmology), is explained in Chapters 6 to 19.
Japanese: 第六章から第十九章は陰陽五行による五行の相剋の説明といったように、陰陽道における基礎知識や占うにあたっての前準備を記してある。
English: Although the titles of Chapter 12 and Chapter 13, "Gogyosokeiho daijuni" and "Gogyosohaho daijusan" respectively, include the term "Gogyo, the explanations are related not to Sojo Sokoku (compatibility between the cosmic dual forces) but to "the mutual relationship between junishi and nishi," the specific mutual relationship of junishi.
Japanese: なお第十二章と十三章の本来の章題は「五行相刑法第十二」、「五行相破法第十三」で、章題に「五行」の字句を含んでいるが、どちらも相生相剋とは無関係に、十二支に特殊な相互関係である「十二支ニ支の相互関係」と「十二支ニ支の相互関係」の説明となっている。
English: Specific fundamental knowledge of Rikujinshinka is explained in Chapters 20 to 23.
Japanese: 第二十章から二十三章は六壬神課で特徴的な基礎知識の解説にあてられている。
English: Namely, as the result of Rikujinshinka is same Shika Sanden during one koku (two hours), it is required to cope with the following events.
Japanese: つまり六壬神課は1刻(2時間)の間は同じ四課三伝となるため、以下の場合への対処がそれぞれ必要となる。
English: In the event where the result was bad and a client asks, "Can I have a different result if I do a certain thing ?"
Japanese: 占った結果が凶の場合、依頼者から『ではこうしたらどうなるのでしょう？』と聞かれることがあり、その場合への対処
English: Chuho is the method to change Shika Sanden by getting a client to draw chu on which the signs of junishi are painted and using the sign which is painted on chu drawn by a client.
Japanese: 十二支を書いた籌を依頼人に引かせ籌に書かれた十二支を使って四課三伝を立て直す籌法がある。
English: In "Senji ryakketsu", however, the method to automatically change hatsuyo (shoden), one of Sanden, is explained.
Japanese: ただ、『占事略决』では三伝の中の発用（初伝）を機械的に変更する方法が解説されている。
English: Gyonen is one of 12 signs of junishi obtained, in the case of men, by counting one year for one sign in order of junishi on the premise that their year of birth is the year of the tiger and in the case of women, obtained by counting one year for one sign in reverse order of junishi on the premise that their year of birth is the year of the monkey.
Japanese: 行年とは男は生まれた年を寅年として、その後は年毎に十二支の順に従って進み、女性は生まれた年を申年としてその後は年毎に十二支の逆に進めて得られる十二支のこと。
English: Like the case of Chapters 6 to 19, kubo, one of the types of fundamental knowledge of Onmyodo, is explained in this chapter.
Japanese: 第六章から第十九章と同じく、陰陽道における基礎知識である空亡の出し方の解説となっている。
English: The symbolism of 36 characteristic patterns of Shikasanden are explained throughout this Chapter.
Japanese: この章は特徴的な四課三伝のパターン36種が持つ象意の解説に全体があてられている。
English: Starting from Chapter 27, concrete methods of divination; in other words, how to divine based on the outcome of Shikasanden or Tenchiban (the board used in the process of the divination called Shikisen), are explained for various subjects.
Japanese: 第二十七の章からは、色々なテーマごとに四課三伝や天地盤のどういった事柄に着目して占うかといった具体的な占い方が説明されている。
English: Many of the subjects explained in Chapter 27 and the subsequent chapters, such as 'The method to divine the life and death of the sick,' 'The method to divine the time of delivery,' 'The method to divine the distinction of sex of a baby to be delivered,' and 'The method to divine fine weather,' are closely related to daily lives or the movement of society.
Japanese: 第二十七以降で解説されている占いのテーマには、「病の死生を占う法」や「産期を占う法」、「産まれる子の性別を占う法」、「晴れを占う法」といった日常生活や社会の動きに密着したものが多い。
English: From such descriptions, we can gather the ways of living of people at the time, especially those of nobilities' family who were the client of Seimei, as well as the subjects they were interested in.
Japanese: そのため、当時の人々、特に晴明に占いを依頼できるような堂上家の人達がどのような暮らしをしていたか、どのようなことに関心をもっていたかを知ることができる。
English: Detailed notes added by descendants are seen on the transcript possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko.
Japanese: 尊経閣文庫の写本には、書写した子孫の注釈等が詳細に書き加えられている。
English: However, some of these notes are incorrect, indicating that the oral tradition deteriorated with the passing of time.
Japanese: しかしながら、その注釈には内容的に見て間違ったものも含まれており、伝承が時代と共に劣化していった様子もまたうかがわれる。
English: There are many descriptions in "Senji ryakketsu" concerning the techniques of Rikujinshinka or its fragments that are almost forgotten at present.
Japanese: 『占事略决』には、現代に伝わる六壬神課では忘れられた技法や、その断片が幾つも記されている。
English: One of important techniques of divination is 'Okiho,' which surmises when the outcome of divination comes true.
Japanese: 占術における重要な技法に、占った結果がいつ頃現実のものとなるかを推測する「応期法」がある。
English: Okiho,' which uses Kakai (one of Junigessho) described in "Senji ryakketsu," is rarely seen in other books.
Japanese: この「応期法」について、『占事略决』に記された河魁を用いる応期法は他に例がない。
English: Also, no classical literature mentioned 'Shinenho' other than the manuscript possessed by The Kyoto University Library.
Japanese: また、京都大学図附属書館蔵本にのみ見える「指年法」について触れる六壬の古典も、他に例がない。
English: This is Tenchiban which is made with a different way from Tenchiban that is made based on the time divined and Gessho, which appears at the beginning of the chapter 'Shikasandenho daiichi.'
Japanese: つまり巻頭の「四課三伝法第一」で解説される占った時刻と月将から作成する天地盤とは異なった方法で作成する天地盤である。
English: Concerning the techniques of this unique Tenchiban, those explained in "Senji ryakketsu" are more complicated than the current ones, or have not been passed down to the present.
Japanese: この特殊な天地盤においても、『占事略决』で解説されている技法は、現代のものよりも複雑であったり現代には伝わっていなかったりする。
English: In "Senji ryakketsu," 'The method to divine a rain' and 'The method to divine fine weather' are explained in independent chapters.
Japanese: 『占事略决』では、「雨を占う方法」と「晴れを占う方法」がそれぞれ別の章となっている。
English: In the case of other original texts of Rikujin, such as "Rikujinyaku," however, these two are lumped together into weather divination.
Japanese: しかし、『六壬鑰』等の六壬の原典の多くでは晴雨を含めて天候占という形で一括りにされている。
English: Such a method of divination that produces a yes-no answer to the questions belonging to the same category shows that Rikujin of "Senji ryakketsu" had a different character from contemporary Rikujin.
Japanese: この様な同一カテゴリの問いであってもYes/Noで見方を変える占い方は、『占事略决』の六壬が現代の六壬とは異なる風格を持っていることをしめしている。
English: In "Abe no Seimei 'Senji ryakketsu' Shokai," Hidesato MATSUOKA asserts that Rikujin might have been reorganized in the era of the Ming Dynasty of China in the wake of general reform of divination.
Japanese: 松岡2007では、中国の明代に占術一般の革新が行われ、六壬についても改編があったのだろうとしている。
English: In "Senji ryakketsu," descriptions are seen here and there that seem to have been written with the intention of making a list, or something like it, of the oral tradition inherited in the Abe family.
Japanese: 『占事略决』には、安倍家における家伝を背景に、目録的な意味合いで作成されたと考えられる記述が散見される。
English: 又有卅五卦,六十四卦法,或一卦之下管載数名,或一卦之内挙多説然,而事繁多煩省,而不載.
Japanese: 又有卅五卦、六十四卦法、或一卦之下管載数名、或一卦之内挙多説然、而事繁多煩省、而不載。
English: Further, there are cases where some divination signs are lumped together into one divination sign or where one divination sign leads to many views, but I omitted these different opinions in order to avoid complicated explanation.
Japanese: あるいは一つの卦にいくつかの卦をまとめてある場合や一つの卦に対して多数の説があげてある場合もあり、これら異説については煩雑なので記載を省略した。
English: A paragraph saying 'I didn't mention in ryakketsu,' which is found in these sentences, indicates a possibility that oral tradition was inherited in the Abe family concerning what was omitted from explanation.
Japanese: これらの文章にある「略决では記載を省いた」という一文は、安倍家内では省かれたその記載の内容について伝授が行われていた可能性をしめしている。
English: Matsuoka pointed out in his book that in the Abe family, a person who was given instruction in "Senji ryakketsu" received its list as the finishing of instruction.
Japanese: 『占事略决』を伝授されるということは、安倍家内での六壬の伝授の仕上げとしての目録の伝授であったのではないかと、松岡はその著作で指摘している。
English: On the other hand, Mediaeval Onmyodo researcher Shinji KOSAKA asserts that there is an inconsistency between Rikujinshinka that was actually used in the Heian period and Rikujinshinka explained in "Senji ryakketsu."
Japanese: 一方で、中世陰陽道研究家の小坂眞二の研究によれば、平安時代に実際に使用されていた六壬神課と『占事略决』の六壬神課には齟齬があるとされる。
English: Further, a slip explaining "Tenichijiho," which is different from what is explained in the text, is attached to the transcript possessed by The Kyoto University Library.
Japanese: また、京都大学図書館所蔵の写本には、付箋の形で本文とは異なる「天一治法」が記されている。
English: In view of the above, it is also true that we cannot conclude "Senji ryakketsu" was the Abe family's list of instruction in Rikujinshinka.
Japanese: これらのことから、占事略决が安倍家における六壬神課伝授の目録とは断定できないのも事実である。
English: Mediaeval Onmyodo researcher Shinji KOSAKA restored Rikujinshinka used in the Heian period based on existent Rikuninkanmon and literature of the time.
Japanese: 中世陰陽道研究家の小坂眞二は、現存する六壬勘文や当時の文献等を基に平安時代の六壬神課の復元を行っている。
English: In a string of his monograph, Kosaka also restored Sanden of Rikujinshinka used by Onmyoji.
Japanese: また、一連の論文で小坂は、陰陽師達が使っていた六壬神課の三伝の復元も行っている。
English: Kosaka restored the original of "Senji ryakketsu" and published the results as "Abe no Seimei "Senji ryakketsu" to Onmyodo".
Japanese: 小坂眞二は『占事略决』の原典の復元に着手し、その結果を小坂2005として上梓している。
English: However, the contents are difficult to understand for persons who don't have knowledge about Rikujinshinka even though they can read it.
Japanese: しかし、六壬神課についての知識がないと、読み下すことはできたとしても、内容を理解することはほぼ不可能に近い。
English: For example, the beginning of 'Shikasandenho daiichi' is '常以月将加占時視日辰陰陽以立四課.'
Japanese: 例えば「四課三伝法第一」の冒頭は、「常以月将加占時視日辰陰陽以立四課」である。
English: For persons who have a knowledge about kanbun, it may not be so difficult to read it as 'tsuneni gessho wo motte senji ni kuwae, Nisshininyo wo mite motte shika wo tatsu.' (Gessho and the time should always be used for divination and Shika should be derived by seeing Nisshinonmyo).
Japanese: これを　「常に月将を以て占時に加え、日辰陰陽を視て以て四課を立つ。」　と読み下すことは、漢文の知識があればさほど困難ではない。
English: However, knowledge about Rikijinshinka is indispensable in order to understand that this paragraph is the explanation of the procedures to make Tenchiban based on Gessho and junishi of the time and derive Shika based on the Oriental zodiac of the day.
Japanese: しかしこの記述が、月将と時刻の十二支から天地盤を作成して、日の干支から四課を作成する手続きについての記述であることを理解するには、六壬神課についての知識が必須となる。
English: In view of the above, divination researcher Hidetatsu MATSUOKA published his book as "Abe no Seimei 'Senji ryakketsu' Shokai," in which he explained Rikujinshinka as well as "Senji ryakketsu."
Japanese: この点を踏まえて占術研究家の松岡秀達は、六壬神課の解説から始めて『占事略决』の解説に至る著述を松岡2007として上梓した。
English: In this book, Matsuoka focused his attention on the fact that "Senji ryakketsu consists of 36 chapters and Chapter 26 consists of 36 clauses.
Japanese: なお同書において松岡は、『占事略决』が36の章から構成されていること、26章が36の項目から構成されていることに着目した。
English: According to Matsuoka's hypothesis, the author likened the whole "Senji ryakketsu" to Tenchiban or Shikiban by incorporating the number of heaven 36 as well as the number of earth 72 (36+36) into the structure of "Senji ryakketsu."
Japanese: 松岡の仮説では、天の数である36と地の数である72(36+36)を占事略决の構成に組み込むことで、『占事略决』全体を天地盤ないし式盤になぞらえたのではないかとしている。
English: Thanks to the boom of Onmyoji/Seimei which began in 1990's, the existence of Seimei's "Senji ryakketsu" also came to be known widely.
Japanese: 1990年代に始まる陰陽師ブーム・晴明ブームにより、晴明の編著による『占事略决』の存在自体も広く知られるようになってきた。
English: In the "Shaman King "series, a manga (cartoon) written by Hiroyuki TAKEI, a book titled "Cho-Senji ryakketsu," which seems to derive from "Senji ryakketsu," appeared.
Japanese: 武井宏之の漫画『シャーマンキング』には、『超・占事略決』という占事略决から派生したと考えられる名前の書物が登場した。
English: Based on this work, a trading card game "Cho-Senji ryakketsu" was also created.
Japanese: また、この作品からトレーディングカードゲームである『超・占事略決』が派生した。
English: Tokusei uprisings frequently occurred during the Muromachi period beginning with the Shocho no doikki (peasant uprising of the Shocho era) in 1429 which took a long time to subside.
Japanese: 室町時代、1429年の正長の土一揆をはじめに多発し、このとき勢いが衰えるまでに時間がかかった。
English: Kanbunden is a style of biography written in classical Chinese, influenced by Kidentai (an East Asian historical writing style) of Chinese authentic history and Kokushitai (Japanese historical writing style) of Japanese authentic history.
Japanese: 漢文伝（かんぶんでん）とは、中国正史の紀伝体や日本正史の国史体の影響を受けて書かれた漢文による伝記のこと。
English: A Japanese authentic history, Rikkokushi (6 histories of the nation), basically maintains the appearance of Hennentai (a chronological writing style) in classical Chinese, but in the 5 histories other than "Nihonshoki," the biographies of high officials or high-rank priests were added in the descriptions of their deaths (Kokushitai).
Japanese: 日本の正史であった六国史は、原則として漢文による編年体の体裁を取っているが、『日本書紀』以外の5史においては高官あるいは高僧の死亡記事の際に当該人物の伝記を挿入する事が行われた（国史体）。
English: In early times those descriptions were only about their achievements, but later various episodes were also added.
Japanese: 初期のものは、単なる業績のみの記述に留まったが、時代が下るにつれて様々なエピソードが盛り込まれるようになっていった。
English: By the influence of those histories of Japan and series of biographies of major Chinese history books such as "Shiki," biographies used to be written for rewarding individuals.
Japanese: 後にこうした国史や中国の『史記』に代表される歴史書の列伝の影響を受けて、個人の顕彰のためにその伝記が書かれる事が行われるようになった。
English: In the Nara period, the biography of the FUJIWARA three generations began with FUJIWARA no Kamatari, "Kaden" (Family history) and "Shotokutaishi Denryaku" (Biography of Shotokutaishi) were written, and in the Heian period MIYAKO no Yoshika (the compiler of an authentic history "Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku" [Fifth of the six official national history books]) wrote "Dojo Hoshi Den" (Biography of Dojohoshi), Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI wrote "FUJIWARA no Yasunori den" (Biography of FUJIWARA no Yasunori) and "Enchin Osho Den" (Biography of Enchin), and KI no Haseo wrote "Tsunesada Shinno Den" (Biography of Imperial Prince Tsunesada).
Japanese: 奈良時代に藤原鎌足以下3代の伝記を記した『家伝』や『聖徳太子伝暦』が著され、平安時代に入ると、都良香（正史『日本文徳天皇実録』の編者）の『道場法師伝』、三善清行の『藤原保則伝』・『円珍和尚伝』、紀長谷雄の『恒貞親王伝』などが著された。
English: Also, more creativity-conscious books than historical facts, such as "Zoku Urashima Den" (Sequel of the folklore, Taro Urashima [Rip van Winkle]) of unknown authorship, appeared, which influenced the subsequent narrative literature.
Japanese: また、作者不詳の『続浦島伝』のように史実よりも創作性を重視した作品も現われるようになり、後の物語文学にも影響を与えた。
English: Engu oshinke is a collective term referring to a limited number of imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by taking advantage of their relationship with the Emperor in the early Heian Period (8th to 9th century).
Japanese: 院宮王臣家（いんぐうおうしんけ）とは、平安時代初期(8世紀末～9世紀ごろ)、天皇権力と結びついて勢力を強めた少数の皇族・貴族の総称。
English: Engu oshinke is written in Chinese characters as "院宮王臣家" and the character "院" refers to the Daijo Tenno (retired Emperor), the character "宮" refers to the Sangu (Empress, Empress Dowager and Great Empress Dowager) and the Togu (Crown Prince).
Japanese: 「院宮王臣家」の「院」とは太上天皇、「宮」とは三宮(皇后・皇太后・太皇太后)・東宮(皇太子)を指す。
English: The characters "王臣家" refer to the Emperor's family, such as the Imperial Prince, Imperial Princess and court nobles with a court rank of Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) or higher.
Japanese: また、「王臣家」とは親王・内親王などの皇親や、おおむね従五位以上の貴族をそれぞれ指している。
English: As a result of this system there was a sharp increase in chokueiden (rice fields managed directly), such as Kueiden (land managed directly by the government to secure revenue) and Kanden (imperial estates), as well as privately-owned land, such as Shoshiden (land exempt from taxes provided to cover labor costs of shoshi (officials), Chokushiden (land developed by Imperial order) and Shiden (land donated by the Emperor).
Japanese: また、公営田や官田などの直営田や、諸司田・勅旨田・賜田などの私有地が増大していた。
English: Under these circumstances, the Engu oshinke accumulated these privately-owned lands by protecting influential peasants and turning lower-ranking government officials into their own subordinates.
Japanese: 院宮王臣家は下級官人を家人化し，有力農民を保護することで、これらの私有地の集積を進めていった。
English: This movement clearly demonstrates the shift from early stage shoen to kishinchikei shoen (shoen that were originally donated by developers for the purpose of tax-exemption etc.) (refer to internal link "Shoen").
Japanese: この動きは、初期荘園から寄進地系荘園(内部リンク「荘園」を参照)への移行を如実に表すものである。
English: In addition to the term "Engu oshinke," there is the term "Kenmon seika," which is similar in meaning but carries a broader concept, referring collectively to Engu oshinke, powerful religious institutions and samurai families.
Japanese: なお、類した表現として「権門勢家」があるが、これは院宮王臣家だけでなく、宗教勢力や武家勢力をも含む上位概念である。
English: Shugoshi funyu means that in the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) forbade shugo (provincial constables) and their officials from entering some specific koryo (public lands), shoen (manors), and so on, which were specified by the bakufu, when pursuing criminals and collecting taxes.
Japanese: 守護使不入（しゅごしふにゅう）とは、鎌倉時代・室町時代において幕府が守護やその役人に対して犯罪者追跡や徴税のために、幕府によって設定された特定の公領や荘園などに立ち入る事を禁じたこと。
English: During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), this privilege which had been granted by the bakufu was denied and instead daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku Period came to give it to their shugo and kokushu (landed daimyo) as part of their rights.
Japanese: 戦国時代_(日本)には幕府による権限は否定され、代わりに戦国大名が守護・国主の権限の一環としてこれを付与するようになった。
English: Originally not only a shugo but also his officials and emissaries acting as his agents had been empowered to enter domestic koryo and shoen to perform their duties of Taibon Sankajo (three major tasks of peacekeeping), but the Kamakura bakufu agreed to provide special areas in which a kokushi (regional lord), ryoke (lord of the manor), honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor), or kenmon (an influential family) were not interfered with by shugo, in order to avoid a confrontation with them.
Japanese: 本来、守護には大犯三箇条の義務遂行のため、本人あるいはその代理である役人・使者の国内の公領・荘園への立ち入る権利が認められていたが、鎌倉幕府は国司や領家・本所（権門）との対立を回避するために、国司や領家・本所が守護による干渉を受けない特例地域を設ける事を承認していた。
English: This agreement was further clarified by the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), and then a principle was established that even when a criminal and others ran into such funyuchi (special areas for excluding shugo), the criminal should be searched by kokushi or ryoke, and handed over to the shugo side on a border line of the funyuchi.
Japanese: これは御成敗式目によって一層明確化され、不入地に犯罪者などが逃げ込んだ場合でもその追捕は国司・領家によって行われ、不入地の境界線で守護側に引き渡すと言う原則が成立した。
English: In the Muromachi bakufu, extensive rights were given to shugo (or shugo daimyo, shugo that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), such as Karita Rozeki Kendan (the shugo's right to suppress provincial warriors who entered shoen unlawfully to harvest rice, and to prosecute and convict them), Shisetsu Jungyo Ken (a right empowered to shugo to implement shisetsu jungyo, in which shugo who received orders from the bakufu sent jungyo-shi, emissaries, to a region and have them execute the orders) and Tansen Choshu Ken (a right to collect surtax), in addition to the existing Taibon Sankajo, but bakufu gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) who had been granted the shugoshi-funyu privilege backed by the authority of the Ashikaga family positioned to accede to the shogunate, refused collection of tansen (surtax) from shugo, and responded to one from the bakufu as direct payment to the bakufu (known as kyono) was approved, which enabled them to escape from a danger of being surcharged by the shugo.
Japanese: 室町幕府においては、守護（守護大名）に対して、既存の大犯三箇条に加えて、苅田狼藉検断、使節遵行権、段銭徴収権などの広範な権利が付与されていたが、幕府御家人は、足利将軍家の威光を背景に守護使不入の特権を得て、守護からの段銭徴収を拒絶し、幕府からの段銭要求に対しても幕府への直接納付（京納）が認められて守護からの加重徴収の危険を免れる事を可能とした。
English: After the Sengoku Period, however, the authority of the bakufu declined and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) who formed their own territories by winning gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite) without dependence on the bakufu's power not only began to deny the privilege but also came to grant or despoil it as their own rights.
Japanese: だが、戦国時代_(日本)に入り、幕府の権威は低下して下剋上によって幕府の力に依存せずに自力で領国を形成した戦国大名達はこの特権を否定し始めるとともに、自らの権限としてこれを付与あるいは剥奪を行うようになっていった。
English: Also, some of the shugo daimyos who had observed the shugoshi funyu rules released by the bakufu came to take measures to deny in public such shugoshi-funyu privilege granted by the bakufu, on the pretext of maintaining their territories.
Japanese: 更に幕府によって出された守護使不入の規定に従ってきた守護大名の中からも領国の維持を名目に幕府による守護使不入の権利を公然と否定する措置を取るようになった。
English: In 1498, for example, Fusayoshi UESUGI, the Governor of Echigo Province, declared that he would not approve to claim shugoshi funyu within Echigo Province, and during the Eisho era (1504-1521) Ujichika IMAGAWA, the Governor of Suruga Province, expelled the Shiba clan, the Governor of Totomi Province, without permission of the bakufu, ruled the province, and conducted a land survey even in the territories specified as shugoshi funyuchi.
Japanese: 例えば、明応7年（1498年）、越後国守護上杉房能は、越後国内において守護使不入の主張を認めない事を宣言し、永正年間には駿河国守護今川氏親が幕府の許可を得ずに遠江国守護斯波氏を追って同国を支配して守護使不入地に対しても検地を行った。
English: Thereafter, his son Yoshimoto IMAGAWA completely denied the shugoshi funyuchi specified by the bakufu authority in his bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku Tsuika' (expanding on house rules left by Ujichika), published in 1552, on the ground that those who maintain order in the present Imagawa territory are not the Ashikaga shogun family, but the Imagawa clan itself.
Japanese: その後、その子・今川義元は、天文_(日本)22年（1552年）の分国法「今川仮名目録追加」において現在の今川領国の秩序維持を行っているのは足利将軍家ではなく今川氏そのものであることを理由に、幕府権力による守護使不入地を全面否定したのである。
English: This was also clear declaration by the Imagawa clan that he was no longer the shugo daimyo who ruled his territory backed by the authority of the Muromachi bakufu, but the Sengoku daimyo who ruled his own territory with his own capability.
Japanese: これは、今川氏は既に室町幕府の権威によって領国を統治する守護大名ではなく、自らの実力によって領国を統治する戦国大名であることを明確に宣言したものでもあった。
English: An official national measure that was enacted by Emperor Gosanjo in 1072, Enkyu senjimasu (also referred to simply as Senjimasu) was used to implement new manor regulation policies, including a manor regulation ordinance issued during the Enkyu era.
Japanese: 延久宣旨枡（えんきゅうせんじます）は、後三条天皇が延久の荘園整理令など新立荘園整理政策の裏付けとした、1072年（延久4年）に再指定した国家公定枡のことである。単に宣旨枡ともいう。
English: Soon after it was designated, Senjimasu was put into circulation throughout the nation, and until the beginning of the fourteenth century it functioned as an official measure holding constant authority within many private measures.
Japanese: この枡は、制定後間もなく全国的に流布し、その後は14世紀初頭に至るまで、数多い私枡のなかにあって、一定の権威をもった公定枡として機能した。
English: During the period of Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period, however, private measures became increasingly prosperous and Senjimasu also lost its public character.
Japanese: しかし、南北朝時代(日本)から室町時代を経て私枡がますます隆盛し、宣旨枡も公的な性格を失った。
English: Gorenju was a title of honor used to indicate a legal wife of an aristocrat in Japan.
Japanese: 御簾中（ごれんじゅう）はかつて日本で貴人の正妻を指して言った敬称のこと。
English: From the mid-Heian Period, it was an established custom for noble women not to show their faces to the opposite sex, even if it was their father or brother.
Japanese: 平安時代中期以降、貴族の女性は親兄弟といえどもみだりに異性に顔を見せてはいけない、という習慣が定着した。
English: There is no literary work from the Heian period, however, that refers to a legal wife of an aristrocrat as a 'Gorenju.'
Japanese: ただし、平安時代の文献では貴人の正妻を指して「御簾中」と書いた物は存在していない。
English: On the other hand, there have been documents found from the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) where the wife of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) was referred to as a 'Gorenju.'
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)には戦国大名の夫人を指して「御簾中」と記述した文書が見受けられる。
English: The Edo bakufu went so far as to put the naming of a legal wife under the control of the daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
Japanese: 江戸幕府は大名統制策の一環として、その正室の呼称すらランク付けを行った。