nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Various starches are used according to the fabric, colors, etc.; historically, it was considered that rice starch or Ginnamafu (selected fresh wheat gluten) was suitable for light-colored cotton, crepe Kimono, hemp cloth, etc., and Funori (gloiopeltis glue made of seaweed), gelatin, etc., were suitable for dark-colored fabrics.
Japanese: 生地、色合いなどによってさまざまな糊が用いられるが、淡色のもめん、縮、麻などには米糊、吟生麩がよく、濃色物にはふのり、ゼラチンなどがよいとされた。
English: Funori, starch paste, etc., are commonly used, with Funori being used for Meisen silk cloth, etc., and Nama-fu (a fresh gluten cake), cornstarch or rice starch being used for white fabrics, etc.
Japanese: ふつうはふのり、デンプンのりなどが用いられ、銘仙などにはふのり、白地などには生麩、またはコーンスターチ、あるいは飯糊である。
English: By using Funori, some weight is added to the fabric, the original colors are not damaged and fabrics are less prone to staining due to the low decompositability and fermentability of Funori (salicylic acid enhances these properties).
Japanese: ふのりは地質に重みをつけ、色は原色を出し、腐敗発酵のおそれが少なく（サリチル酸を加えればなおよい）ために汚点が生じにくい。
English: For use per an approximate tan of fabric (cloth for one kimono), 4g of Funori is dissolved in 1-2 liters of water, or Nama-fu or cornstarch is simmered and 4-5g of the product is diluted in about 1 liter of water.
Japanese: おおよそ1反当たり、ふのりであれば4gを1～2リットルの割合で溶かし用い、生麩、コーンスターチは4～5gのよく煮たものを水1リットルくらいにのばして用いる。
English: Alternatively, (1) 2 liters of water, 5g of Funori and 5g of gelatin, (2) 2 liters of water, 3g of Ginnamafu and 10g of gelatin or (3) 2 liters of water and 10g of Funori can be used.
Japanese: また、(1)水2リットル、ふのり5g、ゼラチン5g、(2)水2リットル、吟生麩3g、ゼラチン10g、(3)水2リットル、ふのり10gという法もある。
English: Funori is mainly used in the Kanto region, and Ise-nori or Nagasaki-nori, the latter of which was considered to be better in quality due to its fineness, etc., are available.
Japanese: ふのりはおもに関東地方で用いられ、伊勢海苔、長崎海苔などがあるが、長崎海苔のほうが細かくてよいとされた。
English: Because Funori leaves starch only on the surface and does not reach deeply into the fabric, it is often substituted by animal gelatin, which deeply penetrates the fabric so as to prevent fine creases and is diluted for use with muslin, etc.
Japanese: ふのりは表面に糊が利きあまり深部には届かないから、動物性のゼラチンを用いることも少なくなく、これは深部に浸透するから小皺が寄ることがなく、またメリンスなどにも薄めて用いる。
English: The methods for stretching out fabrics are as follows: manually and upwardly stretching out a piece of starched fabric onto a board, which leaned upon an object at an inclined angle so as not to form creases; later, by professionals, manually stretching out only the first 2-3cm of a piece of well-starched fabric onto the Hariita, which is horizontally placed with a longer leg of it on the right, and then stretching out the rest of the fabric onto the board with a hard brush so as not to form fine creases.
Japanese: 張り方は板を斜めに立てかけて糊付けしたものを手で張りながら皺を伸ばし上部にむかって張り上げたが、のちに職業的には張り板を水平に、板の脚の長い方を右にして置き、十分に糊を引き、2～3cmだけ手で張り、残りはかための刷毛で小皺を伸ばしながら張る。
English: For individual households, a technique called Jogi-bari (also called Boirimaki-bari) was invented as follows; after wrapping a piece of wet or dried fabric around a ruler bar, which exceeds the width of the fabric by 4-5cm, with the right side of the fabric facing toward the bar, stretching out the fabric onto the board while manually holding it for the first 5-6cm from the leg of the board, gradually lifting the bar toward the top of the board while keeping some tension so as to stretch out the fabric onto the board, manually setting warps and wefts right, applying starch to the surface of the fabric with a starch-soaked brush, and then flattening out the creases with an upward motion.
Japanese: 家庭では定規張り（棒入巻張りとも）という法が生まれ、布幅より4～5cm長い定規棒を用い、布を濡らしたまま、または乾いたものをなかおもてにして、棒に巻き付け、刷毛に十分に糊を含ませ、板の脚の方から5～6cmは手でおさえながら張り、棒を板の上部まで軽く引っ張りながら貼り付け、手で縦糸横糸を直し、刷毛で上面から糊を引きながら、下から上へ小皺を直していく。
English: The fabric that becomes stiff in texture after such procedures is sometimes subjected to Uchinobashi, a technique used to roll a piece of fabric around a core and then pat it with a stick until it softens.
Japanese: 張り終わったら生地のかたくあがったものは芯を入れて巻き、打ち棒でたたいて生地をやわらげることもあり、打伸といった。
English: Clothing of the pant type is considered to have become established in Japan prior to the 18th century, with long ones called 'patches' and shorter ones called 'Momohiki drawers' in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
Japanese: ズボン型の衣服は、18世紀には日本に定着していたと見られ、上方では丈の長いものを｢ぱっち｣、短いものを｢股引｣と呼んでいた。
English: They also became popular in Edo around the Horeki era, where those made of cotton called 'Momohiki drawers' and silk ones were called 'Patches' for the purpose of distinguishing one from the other.
Japanese: 宝暦ごろから江戸でも流行し始め、木綿製を｢股引｣、絹製を｢ぱっち｣と呼んで区別した。
English: Although initially Patch didn't necessarily refer to underwear, 'Patch' today means, mainly in the Kansai region, wool or cotton clothing worn over trunks or briefs and underneath the pants.
Japanese: 当初のぱっちは必ずしも下着ではなかったが、現代では主に関西で、ズボンの下、トランクスやブリーフの上にはく、木綿製または羊毛製のものを指して｢ぱっち｣と言う。
English: It looks the same as an ordinary 'spinning top,' but it's made in a totally different way.
Japanese: 一見見た目は通常「独楽」として販売されている物と同じだが、製法が全く異なる。
English: Ordinary Japanese spinning tops are made of wood, but Kyo tops are made of a bamboo stem around which a long piece of thick cotton string (or a strip of expensive silk such as yuzen-dyed fabric or nishijin brocade) is wound.
Japanese: 通常の日本独楽は木を削りだして作成されるが、京こまは竹製の心棒に木綿製の幅広のヒモ（高級品では友禅や西陣織等の絹製の細長いテープ状の生地）を巻き付けてある。
English: The body of the Kyo top has a peculiar texture thanks to its cotton string, and the stem of the Kyo top is relatively longer than that of an ordinary spinning top (which is probably influenced by the way it's spun).
Japanese: このため、独楽の胴体部分にはヒモが作り出す独特の質感があり、また、心棒が他の日本独楽より相対的に長めに作られている（心棒が長いのは回し方の影響もあると見られる）。
English: Although an ordinary Japanese spinning top, including the beigoma, is usually spun with a string wound around its body, twist spinning tops (including the Kyo top) are spun by directly spinning their stems.
Japanese: ベーゴマなど通常の日本独楽では胴に紐を巻き付けて回転を加える物が多いが、京こまは心棒に指で直接回転を加えるひねりゴマに分類される。
English: The origin of the Kyo top is said to be the fact that court ladies wound twist the ends of kimono (Japanese traditional clothing) around bamboo sticks to make spinning tops, and that they would amuse themselves by spinning them indoors.
Japanese: 女官が着物の端切れを竹の棒を芯にして巻き付け、独楽状にして室内で回して遊んでいたのが京こまの起源といわれる。
English: Since the end of the Showa period, traditional New Year's games--such as the Kyo top--faded away from all areas of Japan.
Japanese: 昭和末期から日本全体で伝統的な正月遊びが薄れたが、京こまも例外ではなかった。
English: Shinodamaki is a dish of meat, vegetables, tofu, kamaboko (boiled fish paste) and other ingredients rolled with a sheet of opened abura-age (deep-fried bean curd), and simmered to season.
Japanese: 信太巻（しのだまき）は、油揚げを開いて、肉・野菜・豆腐・蒲鉾などいろいろな食材を巻き、煮て味をつけた食品。
English: In the Kansai region, a dish using abura-age is often called shinoda (written as 信太 or 信田).
Japanese: 関西地方で油揚げを使った料理は信太・信田（発音は共にしのだ）と呼ばれる事がある。
English: This originates from the legend of foxes living in the forest of Shinoda, and abura-age, which is believed to be their favorite food.
Japanese: これは、狐の好物が油揚げだという事から、信太の森の狐の伝説にちなんだものである。
English: Kanko-ken (sightseeing areas) are areas (each of which is located in one prefecture or multiple prefectures in Japan), being organized for tourism; they are designated by the Japan Tourism Agency, an extra-ministerial bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, to develop sightseeing areas in order to distinguish Japan as a tourism nation and promote tourists' visits and extended stays.
Japanese: 観光圏（かんこうけん）は日本の一つの都道府県または複数の都道府県にまたがった地域を観光のためにまとめたもので、日本を観光立国とする実現に向けての整備をし、観光旅客の来訪および長期の滞在を促進するために日本の国土交通省の外局である観光庁に認定された地域。
English: The conventional development of tourism addressed only by a narrow region called kanko-chi (tourist site) is said to pose limitations to the achievement of objectives, and therefore the areas called Kanko-ken are arranged to promote an individual approach exerting the originality and ingenuity of the area referred to as a "wide area" in a comprehensive, integrated manner.
Japanese: 従来の観光地と呼ばれる狭い地域だけが取り組んだ観光振興では目指す目的の達成に限界があるとされ、このことから広域の圏と呼ぶその地域の創意工夫を生かした主体的な取組を総合的かつ一体的に推進するため観光圏と呼ぶものを設定している。
English: The aim is that the nation or government formulates the basic policy, has talks with the people involved in the area, works with relevant companies (including tourism operators) on the things necessary for preparation of the plan for the development of sightseeing area by the local government such as the municipalities or prefectures and the implementation of its development project, and promotes the development of that area.
Japanese: 国または政府によって基本方針を策定し、その地域の関係者との協議を行い地方自治体である市町村や都道府県による観光圏の整備計画の作成とそれらの整備事業の実施に必要な事を関係する観光などの事業者とともに行い、その圏の発展を促すことを目指すもの。
English: This is based on 'Act on Promotion of Tourists' Visit and Stay Through Development of Tourism Areas (Act No. 39 of May 23, 2008),' and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism takes the initiative from the standpoint of the government.
Japanese: これは「観光圏の整備による観光旅客の来訪及び滞在の促進に関する法律（平成20年5月23日法律第39号）」に基づくものであり、政府の立場からは国土交通省が音頭を取っている。
English: The area aiming toward the development and implementation of a sightseeing area applies to the ministry having jurisdiction over the business in question for such a designation.
Japanese: 観光圏の整備計画とその実施を目指す地域は所管する大臣に申請し認定を受ける。
English: Once the area is designated, some exceptions are applied and in some cases a subsidy is also granted.
Japanese: 認定されるといくつかの特例が適用され、また場合により交付金も受けられる。
English: Sixteen areas were designated on October 3, 2008, and 14 areas on April 22, 2009.
Japanese: 2008年10月3日に16地域、2009年4月22日に14地域が認定されている。
English: Once the plan for the development of a sightseeing area is approved, the following means of support are provided for the project:
Japanese: 観光圏整備実施計画が認定されると、事業に対して以下のような支援がある。
English: Subsidization pertaining to projects that are expected to be effective or fruitful in promoting tourists' visit and stays (up to 40% of subsidy rate)
Japanese: 観光旅客の来訪・滞在の促進に効果や成果の見込まれる事業に係る補助金の交付（補助率上限４０％）
English: Jurisdictional areas designated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Japan Tourism Agency, the names of the areas and their subtitles, themes or catch-phrases (some of which are undecided or unknown).
Japanese: 国土交通省および観光庁による管轄地域、圏域名称とそのサブタイトル、テーマまたはキャッチフレーズ（一部は未定または不明）
English: Furano and Biei wide sightseeing area: 'Trip like short living; Road to Pastoral Holidays'
Japanese: 富良野・美瑛広域観光圏；「ちょっと暮らすように旅をする～田園休暇街道」
English: Glittering Sea of Japan Uetsu sightseeing area: 'Sea of Japan, gods of mountains, voyage by ship and hospitality through meals'
Japanese: 日本海きらきら羽越観光圏；「日本海、山の神々、舟運、食を通じたおもてなし」
English: Aizu and Yonezawa district sightseeing area: 'Unchanged warmth mind and variety of joys - Aizu and Yonezawa thousand-cloister walkway'
Japanese: 会津・米沢地域観光圏；「変わらぬぬくもり、変わる楽しみ～会津・米沢千の旅回廊～」
English: South Boso district sightseeing area: 'Family travel time; Weaving of satoumi and satoyama "South Boso communication roads"'
Japanese: 南房総地域観光圏；「家族時間の旅～里海・里山が織りなす『南房総・交流街道』」
English: Mt. Fuji and the Fuji Five Lakes sightseeing area: 'Promotion program for creating an attractive area for staying and repeated visits by making full use of the nature and culture of world-class Fuji'
Japanese: 富士山・富士五湖観光圏；「世界に誇る富士の自然と文化を活かした滞在型・リピートの魅力づくり推進事業」
English: Hiroshima, Miyajima and Iwakuni district sightseeing area: 'Project for developing an international tourism zone to travel around "Hiroshima, Miyajima and Iwakuni of Three Arrows"'
Japanese: 広島・宮島・岩国地域観光圏；「『広島・宮島・岩国三本の矢』を巡る国際観光地整備事業」
English: West Awa sightseeing area: 'Creation of an affluent time to live in the original Japanese landscape decorated with history and tradition'
Japanese: にし阿波観光圏；「歴史や伝統に彩られた日本の原風景の中で過ごす心豊かな時間の創造」
English: Aso Kuju sightseeing area: 'Walking in winds, meeting with light, and impression of various colors; Pleasant time and space in Aso and Kuju'
Japanese: 阿蘇くじゅう観光圏；「風と歩く光に逢う彩に酔う阿蘇くじゅう時遊空間」
English: The list of present Noh programs is a list of current programs performed by the five schools of Noh's shite-kata (actors who play leading characters).
Japanese: 能の現行演目一覧（のうのげんこうえんもくいちらん）は、能のシテ方五流が、現在上演する演目をまとめた一覧である。
English: The purpose is to make a list of presently performed programs and to clarify the programs performed by each school.
Japanese: 現行の演目を一覧することを目的とし、演目別に流派による有無を示した。
English: Kan, Ho, Haru, Go, and Ki represent programs presently performed by the Kanze school, Hosho school, Konparu school, Kongo school and Kita school respectively.
Japanese: 観は観世流、宝は宝生流、春は金春流、剛は金剛流、喜は喜多流において現行演目となっていることを示す。
English: Daitokuji natto is natto (fermented soybeans) made in Daitokujimonmae, Murasakino, Kita Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 大徳寺納豆（だいとくじなっとう）は、京都市北区(京都市)紫野の大徳寺門前で生産されている納豆である。
English: It's different from sticky types of natto such as 'hikiwari natto' (crushed natto).
Japanese: 納豆ではあるが、「納豆ひきわり納豆」のように粘り気があり、糸を引くような納豆とは異なる。
English: It is believed that when it was first introduced into Japan from China, it was called 'shi' and used as a seasoning.
Japanese: 中国から日本に伝来した当初は、「豉」と呼ばれ、調味料として用いられたと考えられている。
English: It has also been called 'tera natto' (temple natto) because it was introduced by monks who went over to China.
Japanese: 中国に渡航した僧が伝来したために、「寺納豆」とも呼ばれるようになった。
English: Other shiokara natto include 'Tenryuji natto (natto made in Tenryu-ji Temple), 'Ikkyuji natto' (natto made in Ikkyu-ji Temple) and 'Hama-natto' (natto made in Hamamatsu City).
Japanese: 他にも、「天竜寺納豆」・「一休寺納豆」、浜松市の「浜納豆」などが見られる。
English: Hanten is a kind of wafuku (Japanese traditional clothing) and winter clothing that has been worn by ordinary people since around the eighteenth century.
Japanese: 袢纏（はんてん）とは、和服の一種で、江戸時代とくに18世紀頃から庶民の間で着用されるようになった防寒着である。
English: There are many kinds of Hanten, such as one with wide sleeves, one with squared sleeves, one with tight-sleeves, one with wadding such as in a quilt, and one with a family crest.
Japanese: 種類については袖の形による広袖袢纏、角袖袢纏、筒袖袢纏や、二重にしてその間に綿を入れた綿入れ袢纏、家紋などを染めつけた印袢纏などがある。
English: Nanakomachi is a generic term for seven Yokyoku (Noh songs) dealing with ONO no Komachi.
Japanese: 七小町（ななこまち）とは、小野小町を題にした七つの謡曲（能楽作品）の総称。
English: Fukusa is a piece of cloth used in handling tea utensils mainly in a tea ceremony.
Japanese: 帛紗（ふくさ）は、主に茶道で、茶器を取り扱うときに用いられる布である。
English: Women may use a scarlet fukusa, which helps making lipstick marks unnoticeable.
Japanese: 女性が緋色のものを用いることもあるが、これは口紅などが付着しても差し支えないようにである。
English: The sizes are either 27.27 cm in width by 30.03 cm in length, or 28.78 cm in width by 45.45 cm in length.
Japanese: 大きさは幅9寸、長さ1尺のものと、幅9寸5分、長さ1尺5寸のものとがある。
English: Fukusa is used to clean chaire (ceramic tea caddy), natsume (wooden tea caddy), chashaku (bamboo tea spoon for making Japanese tea) or other tea utensils, or to remove a kettle lid.
Japanese: 用途としては茶入、棗、茶杓などを拭う、また、釜の蓋を取るときに用いる。
English: Fukusa is indispensable in tencha (making tea), and its handling is specially referred to as 'fukusa sabaki' (handling of fukusa).
Japanese: 点茶においてはなくてはならないもので、その扱い方はとくに「袱紗さばき」という。
English: There are a series of manners for cleaning chashaku or chaire, which require complicated fukusa sabaki.
Japanese: 茶杓、茶入の拭き方はいろいろな作法があり、袱紗さばきはそのなかで複雑である。
English: One example of fukusa sabaki is to fold fukusa in triangle and tuck it into the obi sash, at the lower rim of the obi sash when the person who is to make tea is a man, or at the upper rim of the obi sash when the person is a woman, before entering the tea room.
Japanese: 袱紗さばきの一例は、点者が茶席にはいる前に袱紗を三角形に折りたたみ、男性であれば帯の下からその一角をはさんで、女性であれば帯の上からはさんで出る。
English: After the person is seated, he or she removes the fukusa, takes it by its end in the right hand, place the thumb of the left hand on its center, fold the fukusa in half, take it in the right hand, and clean the chaire or natsume.
Japanese: 席に着いてから袱紗を抜き取り、右手で端を取り、左手親指を中央にいれて、袱紗を半分に折り曲げ、右手に取って、茶入、または棗を拭う。
English: When removing the kettle lid before making tea, the person holds the tsumami (knob on the kettle lid) with fukusa, removes the lid and places it on the futaoki (lid rest).
Japanese: 茶を点てる前、釜の蓋を取るときにも袱紗でそのつまみを取り、蓋を蓋置きに載せる。
English: Before cleaning the chashaku after making tea, the person performs fukusa sabaki as he or she did in the first step, wipes off the tea powder on the upper part of the chashaku handle above the nakabushi (a node in the middle of the handle), brings the fukusa over the kensui (rinse-water receptacle) while holding the chashaku, and flicks away the powder on the fukusa with the right hand.
Japanese: 茶を点て終わったのち茶杓を袱紗で拭うときにははじめと同じように袱紗さばきをして茶杓の中節から先に茶が付着したのを拭い、茶杓を持ったまま茶の付いた袱紗を建水の上で右手ではたき落とす。
English: After using the fukusa, the person folds it in triangle as he or she did at the beginning, tucks it in the obi sash and goes out of the room.
Japanese: 袱紗を使い終わったらはじめのように三角形に折りたたみ、帯に付けて退出する。
English: In senchado, fukusa is usually used for cleaning charyo (chago, a tea measuring cup) or chaire (chatsubo [tea canister] in senchado).
Japanese: 煎茶道においては、通常茶量（茶合）や茶入（茶壺(煎茶道)）を清める際に使われる。
English: Although its handling varies depending on the school, it is placed in the tea room before starting temae (tea serving method) in most of the schools.
Japanese: 取り扱いは流派によって異なるが、あらかじめ茶席に袱紗を置いておいた状態で点前を始める流派が多い。
English: In nodate (open-air tea ceremony), it is usually carried in a teiran (basket for tea set) along with other tea utensils.
Japanese: また野点の場合は、その他の多くの道具と共に提籃に入れた状態で持ち運ぶのが一般的。
English: An uchine is an arrow-shaped weapon 36 to 54cm in length and 18mm in diameter.
Japanese: 打根（うちね）は、長さ一尺二寸から一尺八寸、直径六分ほどの矢の形をした武器である。
English: It has a flat and triangular spearhead 12 to 15cm long at the front end of the arrow shaft, and one big and one small feather attached as the fletching to the base of the shaft.
Japanese: 先端には平三角で四、五寸ほどの槍穂先が付き、元には大小の羽根おのおの一対が付けられる。
English: Uchine were used in the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan) when archers had run out of arrows or were engaged in close combat.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)は主に弓兵が矢が尽きたときや、白兵戦になったときに使用した。
English: Uchine was also equipped in the palanquin for emergencies when territorial lords were on a journey for Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
Japanese: また、諸大名が参勤交代のときに、非常時に対する備えとして駕籠（かご）の中に置いていた。
English: Of all the martial arts studied by warriors, who were also called 'Yumihiki' or 'Yumitori' (both mean archers), archery was regarded as the most important, with bows and arrows not only used as major weapons on the battlefield, but also as sacred treasures which kept evil spirits away in peacetime.
Japanese: 「弓ひき」「弓とり」とも呼ばれた武士が心得る武術の中で最高のものとされていた弓(武器)は、戦乱時の主用武器として、平時においても魔を鎮める神聖な神器として警護用に使われた。
English: However, this weapon had a serious drawback in that it became useless when all the arrows ran out or a bowstring broke.
Japanese: しかしながら、矢が尽きたり弦が切れたときに用をなさなくなる欠点を抱えている。
English: Therefore, Uchine-jutsu (the art of Uchine) developed from the idea that archers use arrows instead of spears in battles.
Japanese: そこで、弓兵が矢を槍の代わりにして戦う発想から発展していったのが、打根術（うちねじゅつ）である。
English: Depending on the proximity of the opponent, uchine could be thrown like a shuriken, wielded like a Kusarifundo (a traditional Japanese chain weapon), or thrust like a spear or knife.
Japanese: 敵との間合いに応じて、投げれば手裏剣のようにも、振り回せば分銅鎖のようにも、手突き槍としても小刀としても使用された。
English: A smaller uchine, 30 cm in length and developed especially for throwing, was called an "uchiya"and could be loaded in a barrel and thrown like 'furiya' or thrown like a shuriken.
Japanese: 投擲に特化した、さらに小型で長さ30センチぐらいのものは、『打矢』と呼ばれ、振り杖のように筒の中に入れて振って飛ばしたり、手裏剣のように投げて使用する。
English: When used as a throwing weapon, the feathers on an uchine stabilized flight, making it more accurate than a shuriken.
Japanese: 打根を投擲武器として使用した場合には、打矢と同じように羽が付いていて安定して飛行するため、手裏剣に比べて容易に相手に刺さる。
English: The cord attached to the nock used for retrieval made a big difference between uchine and disposable shuriken.
Japanese: 筈尻に回収用の紐が付いている点も、使い捨て武器の手裏剣とは大きく異なる。
English: When an uchine was bound to a bow with string, it could be used as a long spear, known as a "Hazuyari."
Japanese: 弓に紐でくくり付けると、長い槍として使うことが可能になり、これは『弭槍(はずやり)』と呼ばれた。
English: There was also another type of Hazuyari used in the Sengoku period where a socket type spearhead was mounted on the tip of a bow.
Japanese: また、これとは別に戦国時代(日本)に用いられた弭槍には弓弭に袋槍状の穂先を被せるタイプの物もある。
English: One advantage of the uchine was that, due to its ornamental appearance, it was hard to guess its function at a glance
Japanese: 打根は一見しても用途が分らず飾りの置物のようにも見えるため、どこにでもそっと忍ばせておくことができる利点がある。
English: According to the records from the early 1600s, uchine were equipped for emergencies in the corner of palanquins used by feudal lords when on Sankinkotai or when traveling.
Japanese: 慶長の頃の記録であるが、諸大名が参勤交代や旅行で駕籠を用いるときに、非常時に対する備えとして、打根を駕籠の片隅に立てて乗ったといわれている。
English: Although use of the uchine had almost died out after the Meiji Restoration, Uchine-jutsu was taught as an extra art in the Heki school of archery, with the result that the art has been passed down to the present by groups such as the Fellowship of the Settsu-kei line of the Insai-ha branch of the Heki School.
Japanese: 維新後は打根を用いる者はほとんどいなくなったが、日置流弓術の別伝として伝わり、日置流印西派摂津系同門会などが現代までその技を伝承している。
English: Note: There is an old kind of arrow with a wooden head also called an "uchine," but it has no relation to the "uchine" introduced in this section.
Japanese: ※なお、矢・木鏃の種類には同名同音の笠状の鏃頭を持つ『打根』（うちね）と呼ばれる矢が古くからあるがこの武器とは関連性はない。
English: Takenaka Mokuhan is a craft center of Japanese woodblock printings, inaugurated in 1884, with a workshop located in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 竹中木版（たけなかもくはん　1884年創業）は、京都府京都市に工房を置く、日本の木版印刷工房。
English: In Kyoto, there are many shrines, temples and age-old stores, among which time-honored printing blocks have existed.
Japanese: 京都には神社仏閣または、老舗の店舗が多いため、古い版木が現存している。
English: Portraits of Court Nobles (called "Kugeretsueizu" or "Kokeretsueizu" in Japanese) is a book of portraits that is thought to have been compiled in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 公家列影図（くげれつえいず/こうけれつえいず）は、鎌倉時代に成立したとされる肖像画集。
English: It contains nise-e (Kamakura-period realistic portraitures of courtiers and warriors painted in the Yamato-e style) of 57 of 66 ministers appointed between 1137 and 1252 (the nine missing ministers are said to be Ietada KAZANIN, Munetada NAKAMIKADO, Sanefusa SANJO, Kanemasa KAZANIN, Kanefusa TAKANO, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, Yoshitsune KUJO, Yorizane OINOMIKADO and Iezane KONOE.)
Japanese: 保延3年（1137年）から建長4年（1252年）までの期間において大臣に補任された66名のうち、57名の似絵（肖像画）が描かれている（脱落している9名は花山院家忠・中御門宗忠・三条実房・花山院兼雅・高野兼房・中山忠親・九条良経・大炊御門頼実・近衛家実と言われている）。
English: There are two widely held explanations regarding the missing ministers: that they were never actually painted, and that their portraits were lost in the process of transcribing the book.
Japanese: 脱落者については最初から描かれていなかったとする説と伝本の過程で失われたとする説がある。
English: As with "Tenshi Sekkan Miei" (portraits of the regents and the chief advisers to the emperors), only the minister in the upper right of the opening page, FUJIWARA no Tadamichi (who was in 1137 the chief adviser to the Emperor), turns his face toward the end of the book.
Japanese: 同時代の作品とされる『天子摂関御影』との比較より、巻頭右上に藤原忠通（保延3年当時の関白）が巻末の方に顔を向けて描かれている。
English: The other ministers form two rows in order of appointment, facing each other and turning their faces toward the beginning of the book.
Japanese: その他は全て上下2段28組で交互に向かいあう形で巻頭の方を向けており、大臣補任順に描かれている。
English: The fifty-seventh minister, Sadamasa KAZANIN, is painted in the lower right of the last page (the first row consists of 29 ministers, including FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, and the second row consists of 28 ministers).
Japanese: 57人目の花山院定雅が巻末右下に置かれている（藤原忠通を含めると上段29名・下段28名構造である）。
English: It is said that name tags were once attached to the ministers' left shoulders, but they have all fallen off.
Japanese: かつては左肩の部分に人名を書いた貼札があったとされているが全て剥落している。
English: Buke style (samurai style) Murasakino Senke school is considered to have descended from Imasawa school inherited by the family of karo (chief retainer) of the Owari Tokugawa family.
Japanese: 武家流紫野千家流（むらさきのせんけりゅう）は、尾張徳川家の家老家に伝わった今沢流の系譜と考えられている。
English: After being commonly practiced for a long time at Sado club (a tea ceremony club) in the National Defense Academy, the school decided to receive a new head from the Omotesenke school as a successor to their first head, Gesshi AKINO (秋野月紫), when he died in 2006.
Japanese: 長く防衛大学校茶道部などで習流してきたが、平成18年に初代家元秋野月紫が亡くなり、防衛大学校茶道部はその後継者として表千家流を迎えることとなった。