nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: China dust,' 'Asian dust,' 'Yellow dust,' 'Yellow sand,' 'Yellow wind,' or 'China dust storms.'
Japanese: -「Chinadust」、「Asiandust」、「Yellowdust」、「Yellowsand」、「Yellowwind」、「Chinaduststorms」
English: Tweilin' (in pronunciation) is used for indicating the sandstorms that cause kosa, although not expressing kosa itself.
Japanese: -黄砂自体の名称ではないが、黄砂のもととなる砂嵐のことを「トゥイリン」と呼ぶ。
English: Furthermore, another term of 霾 (pronounced, bai or tsuchifuru) is also used in songs or poems, and in addition, some area-dependent terms of '灰西' (literally, dust from the west), '赤霧' (red mist), '山霧' (mountain mist) or '粉雨' (dust rain) are also used.
Japanese: このほか、歌や詩などに使われる霾（ばい、つちふる、bai）などの別名があるほか、「灰西」「赤霧」「山霧」「粉雨」といった地域的な呼び名もいくつか存在する。
English: In weather observations in the People's Republic of China, kosa is included in 'dust weather,' the air state in which the visibility (horizontal one) is within 10 km and the wind is weak is called 'floating dust,' the air state in which the wind is strong and the visibility is in the range of 10 to 1 km is called 'floating sand,' and the air state in which the wind is strong and the visibility is within 1 km is called 'shachenbao.'
Japanese: 中華人民共和国では、気象観測において黄砂は「砂塵天気」に含まれ、視程（水平視程）10km以内で風が弱い場合「浮塵」、風が強く視程10km-1kmの場合「揚沙」、風が強く視程1km以下の場合「沙塵暴」とされている。
English: Shachenbao is further classified into class 3 (weak), class 2 (medium), class 1 (strong) and class 0 (especially strong).
Japanese: 沙塵暴はさらに3級（弱）、2級（中）、1級（強）、0級（特強）に分類される。
English: In particular, class 0 (especially strong) Shachenbao with an instantaneous wind speed of 25 m/s or more and with a visibility of less than 50 m is called "black wind" or Kara Bran.
Japanese: 特に、瞬間風速25m/s以上で視程が50m以下の0級（特強）沙塵暴は、「黒風」や「黒風暴」（カラブラン,KaraBran）と呼ばれている。
English: When falling in city areas, kosa and smog, generated due to recent economic progress, produce a synergistic effect, sometimes limiting the visibility considerably.
Japanese: 都市部では、最近の経済発展によるスモッグ（煙霧）との相乗効果で、視程がかなり悪くなることがある。
English: Located near deserts where kosa is produced, Beijing and Tianjin have been attacked frequently by large-scale kosa recently.
Japanese: 北京市や天津市などは発生地とされる砂漠に近く、近年はたびたび大規模な黄砂に襲われている。
English: In Shanghai, the largest amount of kosa in the past of 623µg per cubic meter and the worst air pollution index in the past of 500 and were observed on April 2, 2007.
Japanese: 2007年4月2日には、上海市で623µg/m3（マイクログラム毎立方メートル）と過去最大の量の黄砂を観測し、大気汚染指数が500と過去最悪の数値を観測した。
English: Because a value between 0 and 500 is used for the air pollution index, with values of 300 or more considered 'serious,' this was the worst value recorded until now.
Japanese: 大気汚染指数は0-500の数値で表され、300以上が「重度」とされており、今回は最悪の数値を記録した。
English: In Huabei (the North China) and northeastern part of China, index values of around 100 are observed almost everyday and the index value of 500 was once recorded there.
Japanese: 華北や東北地方では日常的に指数が100前後と高く、これまでに500を記録したことはあった。
English: Even in Taiwan located in the south, kosa in the level of 500 µg per cubic meter are observed centered on spring.
Japanese: 南方の台湾でも最高500µg/m3程度の黄砂が春を中心に観測される。
English: However, in the inner part of China and Mongolia located near places where kosa is produced, damage due to sandstorms is more serious than the simple falling of kosa.
Japanese: ただ、発生地周辺の中国内陸部やモンゴルでは、単なる黄砂の降下よりも砂嵐による被害の方が大きい。
English: In addition, the sand intrudes into dwellings, and the low visibility due to the sand sometimes even causes persons to be killed by ensuing traffic accidents.
Japanese: そのほか、住居に砂が侵入したり、視界不良による事故などで死者が出ることもある。
English: The most serious damage in the past was done by Kara Bran produced in the northwestern area of China (Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region, the Alashan province of Inner Mongolia, and Gansu Province) on May 5, 1993.
Japanese: これまでで最も大きな被害は、1993年5月5日に中国北西部（寧夏回族自治区、内モンゴルアラシャン盟、甘粛省）で発生した黒風暴だった。
English: In this case, the number of killed or missing persons reached 112, the number of injured persons 386, the number of killed or missing livestock, horses and cattle 483 thousand, the number of tumbled electric poles 4,600, the size of damaged farm land area 210 thousand hectares, the size of damaged forests 180 thousand hectares, and the total economic loss 6.6 billion yen.
Japanese: 死者・行方不明者112人、負傷者386人、家畜・牛馬の死亡・行方不明約48万3千頭、4,600本の電柱が倒壊、被害を受けた耕地21万ヘクタール、森林被害18万ha、経済損失66億円に達した。
English: In this case, a record kosa density of 22.9 mg per cubic meter (22,900 μg per cubic meter) was observed in Gansu Province.
Japanese: この時、甘粛省で22.9mg/m3(22,900μg/m3)という記録的な黄砂の濃度を観測している。
English: According to the Forest Management Office of China, approx. 400 million persons are affected by kosa, and the amount of damage reaches 54 billion yuan (approx. 84 billion yen), even if the damage is limited to those directly inflicted.
Japanese: 中国の森林管理局によれば、黄砂の影響を受けている中国人は約4億人で、直接的な被害だけでも540億元（約840億円）に及ぶと言う。
English: According to another estimate, the yearly damage due to kosa was 1.5 billion yuan in 1980s (according to Yang and Lu, in 2001).
Japanese: また別の推定では、1990年代の黄砂に伴う経済損失は年間15億元（YangおよびLu,2001年）だとされている。
English: In the Republic of Korea, the strength of kosa is classified into three stages of strength 0, strength 1, and strength 2.
Japanese: 大韓民国では、黄砂はその程度により、強度0、強度1、強度2の3段階に分類されている。
English: Based on the average prediction per hour of the PM10 density obtained from the observation network of the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, South Korea's weather agency issues a three-stage warning when it is predicted that a specified density will continue for two or more hours.
Japanese: また韓国気象庁は、大韓民国環境部所管の観測網から得られるPM10濃度の1時間当たり平均値の予報を基に、規定の濃度が2時間以上続くと予想された場合に、3段階の警報体制をとっている。
English: It is urged that aged persons, children, and persons with respiratory disease should avoid doing outdoor activities, that kindergartens and elementary schools should avoid doing outdoor activities, and that the general public should avoid doing strenuous sports outdoors.
Japanese: 高齢者・子供・呼吸器疾患患者の屋外での活動、幼稚園・小学校の屋外活動、一般市民の屋外での激しいスポーツをそれぞれ自粛するよう勧告。
English: It is urged that senior adults, children, and persons with respiratory disease should be prohibited from doing outdoor activities and that kindergartens and elementary schools should be prohibited from doing outdoor activities.
Japanese: 高齢者・子供・呼吸器疾患患者の屋外での活動、幼稚園・小学校の屋外活動をそれぞれ禁止するよう勧告。
English: It is urged that senior adults, children, and persons with respiratory disease should be prohibited from going outdoors and that the general public should be prohibited from doing outdoor activities, should avoid going outdoors and should stop or postpone outdoor sport events.
Japanese: 高齢者・子供・呼吸器疾患患者の外出禁止、一般市民の屋外活動禁止・外出自粛、室外での運動競技の中止・延期を勧告。
English: It is urged that kindergartens and elementary schools should be prohibited from doing outdoor activities and should shorten their class hours or should be closed.
Japanese: 幼稚園・小学校の屋外活動禁止、および授業短縮・休校などの措置を講じるよう勧告。
English: It is urged that people should wear long-sleeved clothes when going outdoors and should wear goggles and a mask to keep themselves clean.
Japanese: 外出時に長袖の衣服を着てゴーグル・マスクなどでで清潔を保つよう勧告。
English: It is guided how to protect livestock barns and livestock, how to cover farm products and fodder, and how to prevent fine particles from intruding in electronic or precision machines.
Japanese: 畜舎・家畜の保護措置、農産物・飼料の覆い、電子・精密機械に侵入する微粒子の遮蔽措置を指導。
English: The standards described above were revised on February 10, 2007, based on an increase in the amount of damage due to kosa.
Japanese: 以上の基準は、黄砂被害の増加を受けて2007年2月10日に改正されたものである。
English: In April, 2002, the worst kosa in history of 2,070 µg per cubic meter fell.
Japanese: 2002年4月には、史上最大の2,070µg/m3の黄砂が降り注いだ。
English: A local newspaper reported that 'the visibility was only 1 to 2 km and it was difficult even to breathe.'
Japanese: 「1-2キロほどしか見通しもきかず、呼吸ですら困難なほどであった」と地元新聞は伝えている。
English: In April, 2006, a kosa of 2,015 µg per cubic meter was observed, causing six domestic flights to be canceled in South Korea.
Japanese: 2006年4月には2,015µg/m3が観測され、空の便も韓国国内便6便が欠航している。
English: According to South Korea's weather agency, the kosa coming to Korea is produced mostly in Inner Mongolia, the Gobi Desert, or the Loess Plateau, and reaches Korea in around one to eight days after it is produced in these areas.
Japanese: 韓国気象庁によれば、韓国に飛来する黄砂は内モンゴル、ゴビ砂漠、黄土高原などを中心に発生し、発生からおよそ1日-8日かけて到達する。
English: According to an estimate by the South Korean government, the yearly economic loss due to kosa amounts to three to five trillion won.
Japanese: 韓国政府の推定によれば、黄砂の諸影響による同国での経済損失は、年間およそ3兆-5兆大韓民国ウォンにも達するという。
English: According to another estimate, the total of the amount of damage due to kosa in the medical and welfare areas and of the cost needed for the measures taken against kosa is 364 billion won yearly (according to Kang, 2004).
Japanese: 別の推定によれば、黄砂による医療・福祉分野の被害額や黄砂への対策費用は、年間3,640億ウォン（Kang,2004年）だとされている。
English: The reality of Kosa in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is little known, because almost all of the information about the nation is not announced externally.
Japanese: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国での黄砂の実態は、同国に関する情報が対外的にほとんど発表されていないため、あまり詳細にはわかっていない。
English: However, media in the neighboring nations have reported that kosa has affected human bodies, animals, plants, farm products and factories in the county or that it has been pointed out that such situations may occur.
Japanese: ただ、人体への影響、動植物や農作物への影響、工場などへの影響が発生したり、発生の可能性が指摘されたりしていることが、近隣諸国のメディアによって報道されている。
English: In Japan, the Meteorological Agency defines kosa as the phenomenon in which visibility is reduced to less than 10 km due to soil particles originating on the continent.
Japanese: 日本では、気象庁により、黄砂とは大陸性の土壌粒子によって視程が10km以下になる現象と定義されている。
English: When an occurrence of kosa is predicted, the Meteorological Agency announces to each prefecture 'weather information: weather information for disaster prevention' (by the Meteorological Agency).
Japanese: 黄砂の発生が予測される場合は、気象庁から都道府県単位で「気象情報(気象庁)防災気象情報」が発表される。
English: Kosa is frequently observed between February and May, especially in April, with the occurrence diminishing at the lowest level in summer.
Japanese: 2月から5月にかけてよく観測され、特に春先の4月に多く、夏に最小となる。
English: In the eastern part of Japan, on the Pacific Ocean side and in the inner areas, located across mountain ranges, kosa is sometimes observed though not so often.
Japanese: 山脈を隔てて東側となる東日本や太平洋側、内陸部では観測数は少ないが、時々観測される。
English: The maximum kosa density ever observed in Japan was 0.79 mg per cubic meter (790µg per cubic meter) in 2002, although the value is to be used only as a reference, because it actually is a density value of suspended particulate matter (SPM) including kosa.
Japanese: 日本における黄砂濃度の最高値は、黄砂以外も含む浮遊粒子状物質(SPM)の参考値ではあるが、2002年に0.79mg/m3(790µg/m3)という値が観測されている。
English: In Japan, the number of days when kosa was observed in a year was around 20 on average since 1967, but the number increased considerably to around 50 from 2000 to 2002.
Japanese: 1967年以降、日本での黄砂観測日数は平均20日程度であるが、2000年から2002年にかけては50日前後と大幅に増加した。
English: In the years when the number of days when kosa was observed in Japan increased, there was a tendency that low pressure was likely to be generated in the northeastern part of China and western wind was strong.
Japanese: 日本で黄砂観測日数が増える年は、中国東北部で低気圧が発達しやすく、西風が強い傾向にある。
English: Even if kosa is observed in Japan, it only causes the sky to become slightly hazy and causes a small amount of sand to be accumulated on the ground, with hardly any serious damage reported.
Japanese: 日本で観測される黄砂は大気がかすみ、微量の砂が積もる程度で、大きな被害はほとんど報告されない。
English: Although no ground-level data observed is available, it is considered, based on analyses of images observed with satellites, that Enkai shu (Russian maritime provinces) and Sakhalin in Russia also constitutes a kosa-passing route.
Japanese: 地上からの観測による情報は無いが、衛星画像による観測の解析から、ロシアの沿海州・樺太なども黄砂の通過ルートとなっていると考えられている。
English: The far away places where kosa has been observed include the State of Hawaii and mainland of the United States of America, and Canada.
Japanese: 遠くで観測された例では、アメリカ合衆国のハワイ州、アメリカ本土、カナダなどがある。
English: The kosa produced in the early April, 2001 reached Salt Lake City on April 15, the Rocky Mountains from Canada to the State of Arizona on April 18, around the Great Lakes on April 19, and over Atlantic Ocean off Canada on April 20.
Japanese: 2001年4月上旬に発生した黄砂は、同月15日にソルトレイクシティ、18日にはカナダからアリゾナ州にかけてのロッキー山脈、19日には五大湖付近でそれぞれ観測され、20日にはカナダ沖大西洋上空に達した。
English: It was also reported that the sand and soil particles considered originating in kosa were found in Greenland and the Alps as well.
Japanese: また、グリーンランドやアルプス山脈でも、黄砂由来のものと見られる砂や土壌粒子が観測されたとの報告がある。
English: Kosa-concerned poems, haiku poems or waka poems have been made since old times, or it can be said that kosa has affected the sphere of culture.
Japanese: 黄砂は、古くより詩、句、歌などの表現に取り入れられており、いわば文化的な影響をももたらしている。
English: In addition to 'harugasumi' and 'tsuchifuru' (being cloudy due to flung-up dust) that is an old term for kosa, there are many other terms indicating kosa, such as 'yonagumori' (霾曇 or 霾晦, cloudy with kosa), 'baifu' (kosa wind), 'baiten' (kosa sky), 'kojinbanjo' (with "kojin" meaning "yellow dust"), 'mokokaze' (Mongolian wind), 'tsuchikaze' (dust wind), 'tsuchigumori' (cloudy due to dust), 'yonabokori' (kosa dust), and 'kosa' (with "sa" meaning "sand").
Japanese: 「春霞」や、黄砂の古名である「霾」（つちふる）のほかに、「霾曇」（よなぐもり）、「霾晦」（よなぐもり）、「霾風」（ばいふう）、「霾天」（ばいてん）、「黄塵万丈」、「蒙古風」、「つちかぜ」、「つちぐもり」、「よなぼこり」、「胡沙」（こさ）など、黄砂に関する言葉は多数ある。
English: When having entered Futo (a wind-related place), dust falls from the edges of clouds'
Japanese: 「巳入風磴霾雲端（すでに風磴<ふうとう>に入<い>りて雲端<うんたん>に霾<つちふ>る）」
English: It is said that, in "鄭駙馬宅宴洞中," a Qi-yan-shi (a Chinese poem of eight lines, with seven characters in each line) made by Du Fu, this line expressed the state that wind containing dust was blowing from the edges of clouds.
Japanese: これは、杜甫が七言律詩『鄭駙馬宅宴洞中』の中で、雲の端から砂塵交じりの風が吹いてくる様を表したものだとされている。
English: Basho used it for expressing apprehension about passing a mountainous area on the way going from a village in Iwate to another village in Mogami.
Japanese: 岩手の里から最上の庄へ行く途中の山中での心細さを表現するのに用いている。
English: Shuson KATO, Teijo NAKAMURA, Akito ARIMA, and Fusei TOMIYASU also made haiku poems concerning kosa or tsuchifuru.
Japanese: 加藤楸邨、中村汀女、有馬朗人、富安風生なども黄砂や霾などを扱った俳句を残している。
English: Yoshida dormitory of Kyoto University is one of Kyoto University's dormitories.
Japanese: 京都大学学生寄宿舎吉田寮（きょうとだいがくがくせいきしゅくしゃよしだりょう）とは、京都大学の寄宿舎のひとつ。
English: Each one is a two-storied building with about forty rooms (26 Japanese-style rooms of 8 - 10 mats [about 14 -18 square meters]) and 95 Japanese-style rooms of 6 - 7.5 mats [about 11 - 13 square meters]).
Japanese: 各棟2階建てでそれぞれ約40部屋（和室8畳～10畳26室、和室6畳～7.5畳95室）ある。
English: There are other facilities such as an administration building, a pre-fabricated building which is being used for living space, laundry, a shower room and a former dining room etc.
Japanese: この他の施設は、管理棟、居住スペースとして使われているプレハブ、洗濯場、シャワー室、旧食堂などがある。
English: Monthly boarding fee is 400 yen based on 'Regulation on the payments of the students of Kyoto University (Instruction No. 63 issued in 2006).'
Japanese: 寄宿料は「京都大学における学生納付金に関する規程（平成16年達示第63号）」により、月額400円と定められている。
English: It consists of three two-storied wooden buildings, which are called the north building, the center building and the south building respectively, and other related facilities.
Japanese: 木造2階建てで、北寮、中寮、南寮と呼ばれる3棟および関連施設からなる。
English: There was a student dormitory at the time when Kyoto University was established in 1897.
Japanese: 1897年（明治30年）の京都大学創立当時から、学生寄宿舎が設けられていた。
English: Kyoto University took over in 1898 the dormitory of the former Third High School, which was constructed in 1889, and newly constructed the existing Yoshida dormitory in 1913 using its scrap wood.
Japanese: 翌1898年（同31年）、1889年（同22年）竣工の（旧制）第三高等学校の学生寄宿舎が譲り受けられ、1913年にその材木を再利用して現在の吉田寮が建築された。
English: Although the center building was burned down in 1941, it was reconstructed soon after.
Japanese: 1941年（昭和16年）に中寮の一部を焼失したが、すぐに再建された。
English: In 1959 and 1960, a dormitory for private workers was converted to a dormitory of Kyoto University, and the then- existing building and newly converted building were called Yoshida East dormitory and Yoshida West dormitory respectively.
Japanese: 1959年（昭和34年）、60年には民間の労働者寄宿舎が本学の学生寄宿舎に転用され、従来からの建物が吉田東寮、転用された建物が吉田西寮と呼ばれるようになった。
English: Yoshida West dormitory, which was located inside the pharmaceutical department's campus, was abolished in keeping with the national tendency to abolish national universities' dormitories.
Japanese: 国立大学の寄宿舎・学生寮を廃止する全国的な流れの中で、薬学部構内にあった吉田西寮は取り壊された。
English: On the other hand, Yoshida East dormitory has continued to exist until the present thanks to the opposition movement conducted by the students of the time (to be mentioned later), and about 180 persons, including the students of Kyoto University as well as their families, are living in the dormitory (the predetermined number of personnel determined by Kyoto University is 147).
Japanese: 一方、学生らの反対運動（後述）により吉田東寮は現在でも存続し、京大生とその家族など約180名が生活している（京都大学の定める定員は147名）。
English: On October 31, 1996, the west side of the former dining room was burnt down due to an accidental fire occurring in the building situated on the opposite of the student meeting place (building for club activities).
Japanese: 1996年（平成8年）10月31日、近接していた学生集会所（サークル棟）向かいの建物からの失火が原因とされる火災で旧食堂の西側を焼失した。
English: The former dining room was once closed because it became too old, but currently it is now used as a place for various events of the Yoshida dormitory as well as concerts or theatrical performances.
Japanese: 一時は老朽化を理由に停止していたが、現在焼け残った旧食堂は吉田寮の各種催・ライブ・演劇などのイベント会場としての貸し出されている。
English: A small fire started at dawn on January 16, 2007 on the first floor of the adjacent student meeting building and two square meters of shed situated under the staircase burned due to this fire.
Japanese: 2007年1月16日未明、近接する学生集会所の1階からぼやが発生し、階段下の収納庫付近2平方メートルが焼けた。
English: People of club activities as well as the students of Yoshida dormitory engaged in the initial firefighting activities and the fire was put out within 20 minutes after the arrival of fire engines.
Japanese: サークル関係者と吉田寮の寮生らが初期消火を行い、消防車が到着してから火は20分ほどで消しとめられた。
English: On April 25, 2009, the president of Kyoto University Hiroshi MATSUMOTO announced in the Sankei Shimbun saying 'the university started a consultation with the dormitory council concerning the reconstruction of Yoshida dormitory.'
Japanese: 2009年4月25日、産経新聞紙上で松本紘総長が「寮自治会と建て替えに向けた話し合いを開始した」と公表。
English: In the 1970's when student movements declined around the nation, student movements at Kyoto University were still active using dormitories (autonomous dormitories), some college councils and the west auditorium of Kyoto University as the base of their activity, and such situations were dubbed 'Japanese Galapagos.'
Japanese: 京都大学では1970年代になって全国的に学生運動が退潮期に入っても、なお学生寮（自治寮）や一部の学部自治会、京都大学西部講堂などを拠点として運動が一定の勢力を保ち続け、「日本のガラパゴス」と呼ばれる状況を呈していた。
English: After forcing through 'Takemoto shobun' (dismissal of associate professor Takemoto) in 1977, the president Toshio SAWADA implemented the policy of 'normalization of student dormitories' with the aim of abolishing student dormitories including Yoshida dormitory.
Japanese: 1977年（昭和52年）の「竹本処分」強行を経て、沢田敏男総長時代には吉田寮など学生寮の閉鎖に向け「学生寮の正常化」政策を進めた。
English: In December 1982, the university council decided, without consultation with the members of the dormitory or hearing their opinions, that 'the time limit for staying at Yoshida dormitory is March 31, 1986' (so in original).
Japanese: そして1982年12月、寮生側との協議や意見聴取などのないまま、評議会によって「吉田寮の在寮期限を昭和61年3月31日とする」（原文ママ）との決定がなされた。
English: With the rise in the opposition movement against the above decision conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory and the graduates, however, the number of dormitory residents increased, instead of decreased, thanks to the success of autonomous selection of residents.
Japanese: これに対し、在寮生で構成する吉田寮自治会を中心に卒寮生も含めた廃寮反対運動が高まり、自主入寮選考の成功で寮生数は減少するどころか増加した。
English: As a result, many students still lived in the dormitory at the time of the above 'time limit.'
Japanese: そのため、「在寮期限」到来時には多数の寮生が居住するという事態に至った。
English: In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.
Japanese: その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
English: In 1989 when Yasunori NISHIJIMA was the president, the authority of Kyoto University (dean of students Hayao KAWAI) and the council of Yoshida dormitory agreed to demolish the west building in exchange for the abolition of the 'time limit.'
Japanese: 西島安則総長時代の1989年（平成元年）春、京大当局（河合隼雄学生部長）と吉田寮自治会の間で合意が成立し、西寮の取り壊しなどと引き換えに事実上「在寮期限」は撤廃さた。
English: As a result, Yoshida dormitory has since continued to exist as the student dormitory of Kyoto University.
Japanese: その結果、吉田寮はその後も京都大学の学生寮として存続することとなった。
English: After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake occurred in 1995, questions have been raised from the people both inside and outside of the university about the durability and quake resistance of the dormitory.
Japanese: 1995年（平成7年）の阪神・淡路大震災を経て、近年本寮の耐久性、耐震性について学内外から疑問を持たれていた。
English: A budget for seismic-resistance evaluation was approved in 2005 and the evaluations were conducted by outside experts intermittently.
Japanese: そこで、2005年（平成17年）には本寮の耐震調査の予算が承認され、外部の有識者による耐震調査が断続的に行われた。
English: Based on the results of seismic-resistance evaluation conducted in the previous year, executives of Yoshida dormitory requested in February to include the renovation cost of dormitory's dining room in the presidential discretionary budget of the academic year 2006.
Japanese: 2月、吉田寮執行部は前年の耐震調査の結果を踏まえ、2006年度の総長裁量予算枠に吉田寮食堂の補修を申請する。
English: In June, however, it was revealed that this request was turned down and executives pursued other ways to secure a budget.
Japanese: しかし6月になってその申請が却下されていることが判明、執行部は他の予算による請求の道を模索した。
English: In August, the student center of Kyoto University made a proposal to the executives of Yoshida dormitory saying 'as we will be able to secure the budget for the improvement of students' facilities, why don't you request the budget for reconstructing Yoshida dormitory?'
Japanese: 8月、本学学生センターは「学生関連施設のための予算を獲得できるので、吉田寮の建て替え予算を申請しないか」という旨の提案を吉田寮に行う。
English: Although the above proposal was once declined by Yoshida dormitory, the student center pressed forward with this case behind closed doors.
Japanese: この提案は吉田寮側の事情もあり一度は断られたが、学生センターはこの事案を実質水面下で進めた。
English: From the end of September to early October, officers of the student center visited Yoshida dormitory twice.
Japanese: 9月末から10月上旬にかけて学生センター職員が二度にわたって吉田寮を訪問した。
English: In these meeting, they informed that the student center was prepared to submit the budget for reconstruction, and requested Yoshida dormitory to reply by October 23 whether or not it would accept the reconstruction.
Japanese: その際、上記の建て替え予算案を提出する用意があり、吉田寮が立て替えを受諾するか否か、その回答期限が10月23日であると告げる。
English: Yoshida dormitory's residents discussed day and night about the pros and cons of the proposal as well as the conditions of the negotiation.
Japanese: これを受けて吉田寮では、受諾の可否とその際の交渉条件について昼夜議論がなされた。
English: A mass bargaining session on the problem of reconstruction was held on October 23.
Japanese: そして10月23日、学内において建て替え問題に関する団交が開かれた。
English: University vice-president Hirohisa HIGASHIYAMA, a responsible person, and several other officers attended as representatives of the university and 80 persons, including the residents of the dormitory, students, and other users, attended as people of the Yoshida dormitory side.
Japanese: 大学側からは責任者として東山紘久副学長以下数名、吉田寮側からは寮生・学生・利用者ら80人が出席した。
English: In spite of two and a half hours of negotiation, no agreements were reached and the submission of the budget for reconstruction of Yoshida dormitory in the academic year 2006 was not reached.
Japanese: 2時間半に及ぶ交渉を行ったが結局合意が得られず、同年度における吉田寮建て替え予算の提出は見送られることとなった。
English: In the wake of the inauguration of Hiroshi MATSUMOTO as the president of Kyoto University, Shuzo NISHIMURA was appointed on October 1, 2008 to the vice-president in charge of education, student affairs and international affairs (education).
Japanese: 2008年10月1日、松本紘総長就任にともない、教育・学生・国際（教育）担当の副学長として西村周三氏が就任。
English: In a meeting in which the council of the dormitory and the university authority participated, Nishimura proposed to reconstruct Yoshida dormitory as soon as possible while the council of the dormitory requested him to keep previous promises.
Japanese: その後行われた、寮自治会と大学当局との話し合いの場で、これまで得ていた確約の引き継ぎを求める寮自治会に対し、西村氏は吉田寮の早急な建て替えを提案する。