nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He had many sons and daughters, including SUGAWARA no Takami, his first son, and SUGAWARA no Atsushige, his fifth son (who became Monjo Hakase after his father's death).
Japanese: 子は長男・菅原高視や五男・菅原淳茂（父の没後に文章博士）をはじめ男女多数。
English: The great-grandchild of Takami, and fifth generation descendant of Michizane, was SUGAWARA no Takasue and his daughter, SUGAWARA no Takasue no musume, the author of "Sarashina Nikki" (The Sarashina Diary), was the sixth generation descendant of Michizane.
Japanese: 高視の曾孫・道真五世の孫が菅原孝標で、その娘菅原孝標女（『更級日記』の作者）は道真の六世の孫に当たる。
English: Michizane was gifted both academically and in the military arts, and there is a tale that when he was young, he never missed the bullseye while shooting arrows at the house of fellow poet, MIYAKO no Yoshika.
Japanese: 道真は学問だけでなく、武芸にも優れ、若い頃都良香亭で矢を百発百中射ったという伝承もある。
English: Shoo-cho, Okayama Prefecture is typical of the areas that Michizane's descendants lived in, and Takami and the seventh generation descendant, Tomoyori, were appointed Governor of Bitchu and Mimasaka Provinces (both in prresent-day Okayama).
Japanese: 道真の子孫の地域として岡山県勝央町が例で、高視を含め7代知頼が従五位備中美作守として赴任。
English: The third generation descendants of Masakane, known as the origins of the seven Kanke branches, used the family names, Arimoto, Hiroto, Fukumitsu, Uetsuki, Harada, Takatori, and Emi that are still in use today.
Japanese: 眞兼の後3代目が、菅家7流の祖と言われる現在の姓で有元・広戸・福光・植月・原田・高取・江見となる。
English: According to the historical epic, Taiheiki (The Record of the Great Peace), these descendants of Masakane fought for the Akamatsu against the Yamana clan and then, as the Kanke-to party together with Emperor Godaigo, who had escaped from exile on Okinoshima Island, they fought against Rokuhara army of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) including the Takeda clan and others in the Battle of Inokuma in Kyoto on April 29, 1330.
Japanese: 太平記では山名氏と赤松方として争い、また隠岐島から脱出した後醍醐天皇と共に菅家党として、元徳2年（1330年）4月3日、京都猪熊合戦で武田ら鎌倉幕府の六波羅軍と戦った。
English: In November 1919, Tanesuke TAKATORI, who died in this battle, was given the Shogoi (Senior Fifth Rank) for faithfully serving the Emperor in November 1919.
Japanese: その時に戦死した高取種佐は、大正8年（1919年）11月、勤皇の功績で正五位を贈られた。
English: It is said that examples of famous descendents of the family are Muneyoshi YAGYU, Toshiie MAEDA, Shigenobu OKUMA, Naoto KAN, and Sadatomo MATSUDAIRA, but it should be noted that information of this type about famous individuals is quite often false.
Japanese: 有名な子孫として、柳生宗厳、前田利家、大隈重信、菅直人、松平定知などがいるといわれるが、著名であるがゆえに仮冒が多い点にも留意すべきである。
English: According to the history of Kiko-ji Temple (Nara City), Michizane was born in the area currently known as Sugawara-cho, Nara City.
Japanese: 喜光寺（奈良市）の寺伝によれば、道真は現在の奈良市菅原町周辺で生まれたとされる。
English: However, this information is not too certain since other theories claim that he was born at Kandaijin-jinja Shrine (Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City), Sugawarain Tenmangu Shrine (Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City), or Kisshoin Tenmangu Shrine (Minami Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: ほかにも菅大臣神社(京都市下京区)説、菅原院天満宮(京都市上京区)説、吉祥院天満宮（京都市南区）説もあるため、本当のところは定かではない。
English: Michizane started to show his talent in poem reading when he was small, and became a monjo-sho (student of literature) at the age of 18 in 862.
Japanese: 道真は幼少より詩歌に才を見せ、貞観(日本)4年（862年）、18歳で文章生となった。
English: In 867, Michizane was selected to be one of the two Monjo Tokugosho (honor student among the monjo-sho), was appointed to the Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade), and became the Gonnoshojo (Deputy Junior Secretary) of Shimotsuke Province.
Japanese: 貞観9年（867年）には文章生のうち二名が選ばれる文章得業生となり、正六位下に叙せられ、下野権少掾となる。
English: In 870, he passed the government official examination and was appointed to the Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade), became the Genbanosuke (Assistant Director of the Bureau of Buddhism and Diplomacy) the following year, and later was transferred to be the Shonaiki (a position at the Ministry of Central Affairs that required excellent writing skills).
Japanese: 貞観12年（870年）、方略試に合格し正六位上に叙せられ、翌年には玄蕃助、さらに少内記に遷任。
English: In 874, he was appointed to the Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), becoming Hyobu-shoyu (Junior Deputy Minister, Ministry of War) and then Minbu-shoyu (Junior Assisitant Minister, Ministry of People's Affairs).
Japanese: 貞観16年（874年）には従五位下となり兵部少輔、ついで民部少輔に任ぜられた。
English: In 886, he was appointed Governor of Sanuki Province, and therefore resigned from his positions of Shikibu-shoyu and Monjo Hakase, and moved to Sanuki.
Japanese: 仁和2年（886年）、讃岐守を拝任、式部少輔兼文章博士を辞し、任国へ下向。
English: In 888, he resolved the Ako Incident by sending a written opinion to FUJIWARA no Mototsune, remonstrating against his actions.
Japanese: 仁和4年（888年）、阿衡事件に際して、藤原基経に意見書を寄せて諌めたことにより、事件を収める。
English: Having so far had jobs that were in accordance with his family's social position, Michizane gained Emperor Uda's confidence and was given important positions.
Japanese: これまでは家の格に応じた職についていた道真は、宇多天皇の信任を受け、以後要職を歴任することとなる。
English: Taking advantage of the fact that the Fujiwara clan, who were starting to dominate politics as maternal relatives of the imperial court, did not have any influential members at that time, Emperor Uda used Michizane to restrain the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 皇室の外戚として権勢を振るいつつあった藤原氏に当時有力者がいないこともあり、宇多天皇は道真を用いて藤原氏を牽制した。
English: In 894, he was appointed to be the Japanese envoy to the Tang Court in China, but the trip was cancelled at Michizane's suggestion (and, since the Tang dynasty fell in 907, the history of the envoy system ended here).
Japanese: 寛平6年（894年）、遣唐使に任ぜられるが、道真の建議により遣唐使は停止された（延喜7年（907年）に唐が滅亡したため、遣唐使の歴史にここで幕を下ろすこととなった）。
English: In the same year, the throne was handed over from Emperor Uda to Emperor Daigo, with Emperor Uda strongly urging Emperor Daigo to continue keeping Michizane in important positions, and Emperor Daigo then gave the privilege of reporting on documents from the Grand Council of State to the throne (a position known as Nairan) only to FUJIWARA no Tokihira and Michizane.
Japanese: 同年、宇多天皇は醍醐天皇に譲位したが、道真を引き続き重用するよう強く醍醐天皇に求め、藤原時平と道真にのみ官奏執奏の特権（いわゆる「内覧」）を許した。
English: In the same year, Udaijin MINAMOTO no Yoshiari (a son of Emperor Montoku and also a cousin of Emperor Uda), who had led the Daijokan (Grand Council of State) under Emperor Uda's control and also had a close relationship with Michizane, died.
Japanese: またこの年には宇多天皇の元で太政官を統率し、道真とも親交があった右大臣源能有（文徳天皇の皇子・宇多天皇の従兄弟）が没している。
English: Although Michizane continued to be promoted during the reign of Emperor Daigo, powerful aristocrats, such as the Fujiwara clan, who disliked the idea of centralization of power in the Imperial Court, resisted the idea of centralized financial administration that Michizane insisted on.
Japanese: 醍醐天皇の治世でも道真は昇進を続けるが、道真の主張する中央集権的な財政に、朝廷への権力の集中を嫌う藤原氏などの有力貴族の反発が表面化するようになった。
English: Some middle and low ranking aristocrats, who wished to maintain a certain level of comfortable life in accordance with their family status, agreed with this resistance due to uncertainty over the political reforms that Michizane was carrying out.
Japanese: また、現在の家格に応じたそれなりの生活の維持を望む中下級貴族の中にも道真の進める政治改革に不安を感じて、この動きに同調するものがいた。
English: In the following year, Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI advised him that he should know when it was time to stop, retire, and enjoy life, but Michizane did not accept the idea.
Japanese: 翌年、三善清行は道真に止足を知り引退して生を楽しむよう諭すが、道真はこれを容れなかった。
English: In 901, he was appointed to the Junii (Junior Second Rank), but was later falsely accused of plotting to have Imperial Prince Tokiyo ascend the throne and take away political power from Emperor Daigo, and after he was found guilty, he was demoted to Dazai Gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazaifu offices).
Japanese: 延喜元年（901年）、従二位に叙せられたが、斉世親王を皇位に就け醍醐天皇から簒奪を謀ったと誣告され、罪を得て大宰権帥（だざいごんのそち）に左遷される。
English: Hearing of that event, retired Emperor Uda attempted to meet Emperor Daigo to mediate the situation, but Emperor Daigo refused to see him.
Japanese: 宇多上皇はこれを聞き醍醐天皇に面会してとりなそうとしたが、醍醐天皇は面会しなかった。
English: Michizane died in 903 in Dazaifu and was buried where Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine now stands.
Japanese: 道真は延喜3年（903年）、大宰府で没し同地に葬られた（現在の太宰府天満宮）。
English: The poem Michizane created when he was leaving Kyoto, 'When the east wind blows let it send your fragrance, oh plum blossoms; although your master is gone, do not forget the spring,' is widely known.
Japanese: 道真が京の都を去る時に詠んだ「東風（こち）吹かば　匂ひをこせよ　梅の花　主なしとて　春な忘れそ」は有名。
English: According to the famous Legend of the Flying Plum Tree ('Tobi-Ume Densetsu') the plum tree of the poem flew overnight from Kyoto to Michizane's residence.
Japanese: その梅が、京の都から一晩にして道真の住む屋敷の庭へ飛んできたという「飛び梅伝説」も有名である。
English: His literary works are "Kanke Bunso," a collection of prose poems in a total of 12 volumes (900), "Kanke Koshu," a collection of literary works created while he was at Dazaifu (c. 903), and "Ruiju Kokushi," which Michizane wrote and edited.
Japanese: 著書には自らの詩、散文を集めた『菅家文草』全12巻（昌泰3年、900年）、大宰府での作品を集めた『菅家後集』（延喜3年、903年頃）、編著に『類聚国史』がある。
English: According to the Nihon Kiryaku (Abstracted Records of Japan), Michizane gave two volumes of "Shinsen Manyoshu" (anthology of Japanese poems) to Emperor Uda, and it is generally believed that Michizane paired waka (Japanese poems) created by Emperor Uda and a version of these waka poems translated into Chinese poems and compiled them into these "Shinsen Manyoshu," which are still in existence, but some do not think Michizane was the editor/compiler.
Japanese: 日本紀略に寛平5年（893年）、宇多天皇に『新撰万葉集』2巻を奉ったとあり、現存する、宇多天皇の和歌とそれを漢詩に翻案したものを対にして編纂した『新撰万葉集』2巻の編者と一般にはみなされるが、これを道真の編としない見方もある。
English: There is also "Kanke Gyoshu," a personal poem collection, but it has been pointed out that it contains many fake poems created in later ages.
Japanese: 私歌集として『菅家御集』などがあるが、後世の偽作を多く含むとも指摘される。
English: Including two of his poems that were selected for the "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and other poems selected as 'Kitano no Miuta,' a total of 35 poems were selected for the Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command).
Japanese: 『古今和歌集』に2首が採録されるほか、「北野の御歌」として採られているものを含めると35首が勅撰和歌集に入集する。
English: Michizane also edited the sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts called "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku," completing it in September 901, immediately after his demotion.
Japanese: 六国史の一つ『日本三代実録』の編者でもあり、左遷直後の延喜元年（901年）8月に完成している。
English: At Kanke Roka pupils of any clans were accepted, and there were times when more than 100 former Kanke Roka pupils were at the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 菅家廊下は門人を一門に限らず、その出身者が一時期朝廷に100人を数えたこともある。
English: The school was called Kanke Roka (literally Sugawara House Corridors) because Kiyotomo had pupils stay in narrow rooms or corridors (hosodono) that led to a study.
Japanese: 菅家廊下の名は清公が書斎に続く細殿を門人の居室としてあてたことに由来する。
English: When the east wind blows let it send your fragrance, oh plum blossoms; although your master is gone, do not forget the spring (as first published in "Shui Waka Shu" (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems), though the last part of the poem was sometimes phrased differently in later ages).
Japanese: 東風吹かばにほひおこせよ梅の花主なしとて春を忘るな（初出の『拾遺和歌集』による表記だが、後世、「春な忘れそ」とも書かれるようになった）
English: After SUGAWARA no Michizane died, many strange events occurred in Kyoto, and Emperor Daigo's sons died of illness one after another.
Japanese: 菅原道真の死後、京には異変が相次ぎ、醍醐天皇の皇子が次々に病死した。
English: Afraid that these events were representations of Michizane's curse, the Imperial Court pardoned Michizane's crime and conferred posthumous honors on him.
Japanese: これらが道真の祟りだと恐れた朝廷は、道真の罪を赦すと共に贈位を行った。
English: On May 20, 922, after being reinstated as Udaijin from the Junii rank Dazai Gon no sochi and posthumously granted the Shonii rank, and was granted additional posthumous posts of the Shoichii rank Sadaijin and then the Daijo-daijin in 993 (it is believed that his honor was restored in this way partly because Tokihira, who had accused Michizane, died young leaving no descendants and therefore, descendents of his younger brother, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who was an aide to Emperor Uda and friendly to Michizane, became the Fujiwara clan's direct-line descendants).
Japanese: 延喜22年4月20日（913年6月2日）、従二位大宰権帥から右大臣に復し、正二位を贈ったのを初めとし、正暦4年（993年）には贈正一位左大臣、同年贈太政大臣（こうした名誉回復の背景には道真を讒言した時平の早死にで子孫が振るわなかったために、宇多天皇の側近で道真にも好意的だった時平の弟・藤原忠平の子孫が藤原氏の嫡流となった事も関係しているとされる）。
English: Therefore, there was an attempt to remove the curse of Michizane by establishing Kitano Tenmangu Shrine in Kitano, Kyoto Prefecture and dedicating it to Karai Tenjin (the heavenly deity of fire and thunder).
Japanese: 火雷天神が祭られていた京都の北野に北野天満宮を建立して道真の祟りを鎮めようとした。
English: As a result, Tenjin worship with Michizane as 'Tenjin-sama' spread across the nation.
Japanese: こうして、「天神様」として信仰する天神信仰が全国に広まることになる。
English: As time passed and memories of the disasters faded, 'Tenjin-sama,' who was enshrined in various parts of Japan to suppress curses, became worshipped as a god of literature since Michizane was a brilliant scholar as well as a poet.
Japanese: やがて、各地に祀られた祟り封じの「天神様」は、災害の記憶が風化するに従い道真が生前優れた学者・詩人であったことから、後に天神は学問の神として信仰されるようになっている。
English: In the Edo period, plays based on the Shotai Incident, such as "Tenjin-ki," "Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami" (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy), and "Tenmangu Natane no Goku," were performed, with "Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami" in particular performed as Ningyo Joruri (puppet drama) and Kabuki, becoming a big hit and it is regarded as one of the most outstanding Gidayu Kyogen (comic drama).
Japanese: 江戸時代には昌泰の変を題材にした芝居、『天神記』『菅原伝授手習鑑』『天満宮菜種御供』等が上演され、特に『菅原伝授手習鑑』は人形浄瑠璃・歌舞伎で上演されて大当たりとなり、義太夫狂言の三大名作のうちの一つとされる。
English: In the modern age, particularly during the prewar period, Michizane was considered to be a loyal subject of the Imperial family and his portrait was used on bills.
Japanese: 近世、特に戦前期では皇室の忠臣としても扱われ、紙幣に肖像が採用された。
English: In 1928, when the magazine 'King,' published by Kodansha Ltd., introduced the poem 'Saying a prayer each day to the lingering scent on the poop the monk left behind' which parodied Michizane's 'Saying a prayer each day to the lingering scent on the garment the teacher left behind,' violent crowds attacked not only the Kodansha office but also the Ikaho-onsen Hot Spring where the company president, Seiji NOMA, was staying.
Japanese: 昭和3年（1928年）に講談社が発行した雑誌「キング(雑誌)」に、「恩賜の御衣今此に在り捧持して日毎余香を拝す」のパロディ「坊主のうんこ今此に在り捧持して日毎余香を拝す」が掲載されたところ、講談社はもとより伊香保温泉滞在中の講談社社長野間清治の元にまで暴漢らが押し寄せた。
English: Michizane is now worshipped as a god of literature but, as was common with aristocrats of the time, had mistresses and visited courtesans.
Japanese: 今や学問の神様だが当時の普通の貴族であり、妾もいれば、遊女遊びもしている。
English: He had a particularly close relationship with ARIWARA no Narihira and they quite often visited Oyamazaki in Kyoto, an area crowded with prostitutes.
Japanese: とりわけ、在原業平とは親交が深く、当時遊女（あそびめ）らで賑わった京都大山崎を、たびたび訪れている。
English: Michizane seemed to have a sensitive stomach, and according to written records, he always had a heated stone (called onjaku) on his belly to alleviate stomachaches.
Japanese: 道真は胃弱だったようであり、胃の痛みを和らげるためいつもお腹の上に暖めた石（温石）を乗せていたことが文献に記されている。
English: The 'Awaji' and 'Sugawara' areas in Higashi Yodogawa Ward, Osaka City, were named after a historical event in which Michizane, as he was being transferred to Dazaifu, landed on a sandbank downstream of the Yodo-gawa River thinking that it was Awaji-shima Island.
Japanese: 大阪市東淀川区にある「淡路」「菅原」の地名は、道真が大宰府に左遷される際、当時淀川下流の中洲だったこの地を淡路島と勘違いして上陸したという故事にちなんだ地名である。
English: Unkei (unknown birth date - January 10, 1224) was a sculptor of Buddhist statues who was actively engaged in his career from the end of the Heian period to the beginning of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 運慶（うんけい、-貞応2年12月11日(旧暦)（1224年1月3日））は、平安時代末期、鎌倉時代初期に活動した仏師。
English: According to the inscription on the base of the principle object of worship in the main building of Myoho-in Temple's Rengeo-in (Sanjusangen-do), the first son of Kokei was born in 1173, and it is therefore estimated that Unkei was born sometime in the middle of the 12th century.
Japanese: 長男湛慶が承安3年（1173年）生まれであることが、京都市・妙法院蓮華王院本堂（三十三間堂）本尊の台座銘から知られ、運慶は12世紀半ば頃の生まれと推測される。
English: The oldest work in existence by Unkei is the statue of Dainichi Nyorai (Vairocana), completed in 1176, located at Enjo-ji Temple in Nara.
Japanese: 運慶の現存最古作は、安元2年（1176年）に完成した奈良・円成寺の大日如来像である。
English: In 1183, Unkei completed the calligraphy of Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) that he had been planning for a long time.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）には、以前から計画していた法華経の書写を完成した。
English: This Hokekyo is currently called 'Unkei Gangyo' (stored at the Shinsho Gokuraku-ji Temple in Kyoto, privately owned, and a national treasure).
Japanese: この法華経は現在「運慶願経」と呼ばれている（京都・真正極楽寺蔵および個人像、国宝）。
English: The postscript of the Hokyekyo includes the names of several people with the Chinese character 'kei' in their names who helped produce it as part of their devotions (kechien), some of whom later became famous Buddhist ststue sculptors.
Japanese: 経の奥書には、後に仏師として活躍することの知られる者を含む、名に「慶」字を用いる結縁者名が記されている。
English: This shows that Kokei's followers, among Nara-based Buddhist statue sculptors, had formed a school called 'Kei-ha.'
Japanese: このことから、奈良仏師の中で、康慶の一門が「慶派」と呼ぶべき一派を成していたことがわかる。
English: In 1180, Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara burned to the ground due to fires started by the Taira family in battle.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）に平家の兵火により、奈良の東大寺・興福寺が焼亡する。
English: Statue restoration work at Kofuku-ji Temple was shared between Kyoto-based Buddhist statue sculptors known as the En-pa and In-pa (En school and In school), and Nara-based Buddhist statue sculptors such as Kokei and Unkei.
Japanese: 興福寺の再興造像は、円派、院派と呼ばれる京都仏師と、康慶・運慶らの属する奈良仏師とが分担した。
English: The work was divided according to influence in the Buddhist art field, with the En-pa and In-pa creating statues for major halls and towers such as the Kon-do (Main Hall) and Ko-do (Lecture Hall), Nara-based Buddhist statue sculptor Kokei creating the main statue for the Nanen-do (South Octagonal Hall), and Seicho, another Nara-based Buddhist statue sculptor of Imperial lineage, in charge of the main statue for the Shoku-do (Dining Hall).
Japanese: 当時の中央造仏界での勢力にしたがい、円派・院派のほうが金堂・講堂のような主要堂塔の造像を担当することとなり、奈良仏師では康慶が南円堂の本尊を担当し、本家筋にあたる成朝は食堂の本尊を担当することとなった。
English: However, for some reason, Seicho did not commit himself to the creation of the main statue for the Shoku-do, and headed to Kamakura to create the main statue of worship at the Shochoju-in Temple for MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 成朝は、なぜか食堂本尊の造像に専念せず、文治元年（1185年）に源頼朝の勝長寿院本尊を造るため鎌倉に下向した。
English: Meanwhile, after completing the Shakanyorai (Gotama Siddhattha) statue, which was the main statue in Kofuku-ji Temple's Saikon-do (West Golden Hall) in January, 1186, Unkei started to take assignments associated with the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as if he were following Seicho's move.
Japanese: 一方、運慶は文治2年（1186年）正月に興福寺西金堂本尊釈迦如来像を完成したあと、成朝の動向に連続するかのように、鎌倉幕府関係の仕事を開始する。
English: On May 30, Unkei started to create the Amida-Nyorai (Amitabha), Fudo-Myoo (Acala), Nidoshi, and Bishamonten (Vaisravana) statues ordered by Tokimasa HOJO for Ganjoju-in Temple in Kuni City, Izu, Shizuoka Prefecture.
Japanese: その年5月3日には、北条時政発願の静岡県伊豆の国市・願成就院の阿弥陀如来像、不動明王及び二童子像、毘沙門天像を造り始めている。
English: Three years later, in 1189, Unkei created the Amida Sanzon (Amida Triad), Fudo-Myoo, and Bishamonten statues ordered by Yoshimori WADA for Joraku-ji Temple in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
Japanese: またその3年後、文治5年（1189年）には、和田義盛発願の神奈川県横須賀市・浄楽寺の阿弥陀三尊像、不動明王像、毘沙門天像を造っている。
English: The style of statues at Ganjoju-in Temple was truly striking and outstanding, completely differing from Buddhist statues carved in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 願成就院の仏像は、平安時代後期の仏像とは隔絶した、めざましい作風を示している。
English: Buddhist statues of the Jocho-yo (Jocho style), which was hugely popular in the capital in the late Heian period, were characterized by smooth creases in the clothes that were carved shallow and parallel, facial expressions that looked satisfied and calm, and only little amplification of form, representing the taste of Heian aristocrats; however, as a result of mass production of similar Buddhist statues through division of labor, the statues were no longer unique and always looked the same.
Japanese: 平安後期に都でもてはやされた定朝様（じょうちょうよう）の仏像は、浅く平行して流れる衣文、円満で穏やかな表情、浅い肉付けに特色があり、平安貴族の好みを反映したものであったが、分業制で同じような仏像を量産した結果、無個性でマンネリ化した作風に陥っていた。
English: Meanwhile, Unkei's style was characterized by masculine facial expressions, a wide variety of expression of clothes texture, and powerful and heavy bodies, a style that seemed to have matched the tastes of eastern bushi (warriors).
Japanese: 対して運慶の作風は、仏像の男性的な表情、変化に富んだ衣文、量感に富む力強い体躯などに特色があり、こうした作風が東国武士の好みに合致したものと推察される。
English: Unkei perhaps studied the large amount of classic Buddhist statues that were left in Nara, discovering and establishing his own style.
Japanese: 運慶は、奈良に当時多く残っていた仏像の古典作品を研究し、独自の作風を切り開いたものであろう。
English: It is understood that his style flourished with the statues he carved for the Ganjoju-in Temple because they were ordered by an eastern bushi whose taste had not been shaped by the standard of Jocho-yo.
Japanese: それが願成就院諸像で開花したのは、定朝様の規範に制約されない、東国の武士発願の造像であったからと理解される。
English: In 1196, together with Kokei, Kaikei, and Jokaku, Unkei participated in a major assignment to create the Ryowakiji statues to be placed on either side of the Daibutsu (Big Buddha) and the Shitenno (Four Heavenly Kings) statues for Todai-ji Temple, but these statues do not exist any more as they were destroyed along with the Daibutsu-den (Big Buddha Hall) in a fire.
Japanese: 建久7年（1196年）には康慶、快慶、定覚らとともに東大寺大仏の両脇侍像と四天王像の造立という大仕事に携わるが、これらの像はその後大仏殿とともに焼失して現存しない。
English: His major work still in existence would be the Kongo Rikishi (Nio) statues at the Nandai-mon Gate (Great south gate) of Todai-ji Temple carved in 1203.
Japanese: 現存する大作としては建仁3年（1203年）造立の東大寺南大門金剛力士（仁王）像を挙げねばならない。
English: These huge statues are eight meters tall, and as a result of renovation carried out recently, documents were found inside the statues confirming that Unkei, Kaikei, Jokaku, and Tankei (Unkei's son) led many Buddhist statue sculptors specialized in carving smaller items to carve the whole thing in only two months, and it is also believed that Unkei was in charge of the entire production process.
Japanese: 造高8メートルに及ぶこれらの巨像は、平成の解体修理の結果、像内納入文書から運慶、快慶、定覚、湛慶（運慶の子）が小仏師多数を率いてわずか2か月で造立したものであることがあらためて裏付けられ、運慶が制作の総指揮にあたったものと考えられている。
English: From 1208 to 1212, Unkei led Buddhist statue sculptors of his sect to create the Seated Statue of Miroku Buddha, which was the main statue of worship of Kofuku-ji Temple's Hokuen-do (North Octagonal Hall), as well as the Muchaku and Seshin statues.
Japanese: 承元2年（1208年）から建暦2年（1212年）にかけては、一門の仏師を率いて、興福寺北円堂の本尊弥勒仏坐像と、無著・世親像を造っている。
English: It should be noted that the Muchaku and Seshin statues are considered masterpieces of Japanese portrait sculpture.
Japanese: 殊に無著・世親像は肖像彫刻として日本彫刻史上屈指の名作に数えられている。
English: During the very last years of his life, Unkei worked only for important people of the Kamakura bakufu such as MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, Masako HOJO, and Yoshitoki HOJO.
Japanese: 最晩年の運慶の仕事は、源実朝・北条政子・北条義時など、鎌倉幕府要人の関係に限られている。
English: During this time, in 1216, Unkei created a Daiitoku-myoo (Yamantaka Vidya-raja) statue at Shomyo-ji Temple's Komyo-in in Kanagawa as requested by Daini no tsubone, who had raised Sanetomo.
Japanese: その中で、建保4年（1216）には、実朝の養育係であった大弐局が発願した、神奈川・称名寺光明院大威徳明王像を造った。
English: Although an extremely large number of Buddhist statues (Nio sculptures in particular) across Japan are claimed to be the Unkei's work, only a few of them have been confirmed to be his real works based on inscriptions, items stored in statues, and reliable historical data.
Japanese: 運慶の作と称されている仏像は日本各地にきわめて多い（特に仁王像に多い）が、銘記、像内納入品、信頼できる史料等から運慶の真作と確認されている作品は少ない。
English: The following statues are works by Unkei or members of his workshop, and there has been no disagreement on this in the academic field.
Japanese: 以下は運慶ないし運慶工房の真作として学界にほぼ異論のないものである。
English: Seated Statue of Amida-Nyorai, Standing Statue of Nidoshi, and Standing Statue of Bishamonten (important cultural asset) at Ganjoju-in Temple, Izu, Shizuoka Prefecture (1186).
Japanese: 静岡・願成就院阿弥陀如来坐像、不動明王及び二童子立像、毘沙門天立像（重要文化財）-文治2年（1186年）
English: Amida Sanzon statue, Standing Statue of Fudo-Myoo, and Standing Statue of Bishamonten at Joraku-ji Temple in Kanagawa Prefecture (important cultural asset) (1189).
Japanese: 神奈川・浄楽寺阿弥陀三尊像、不動明王立像、毘沙門天立像（重要文化財）-文治5年（1189年）