nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Now, the main reason behind the scheduling of such a tight agenda for the authenticity testing was that, while the exchange of equivalent amounts of counterfeit for specie was accepted as unavoidable given the government's relationship with foreign countries, it was clear that if all the counterfeit money was exchanged for specie of an equivalent price, the Meiji Government would face financial ruin, so the Meiji Government wanted to keep this amount to a minimum; at the same time, the foreign ministers of Japan's trading partners wanted to avoid a situation in which the government might collapse so as to ensure that they could maintain their trade relationships with the Meiji Government, so the motives of both sides coincided.
Japanese: さて、先の検勘の際に強引な日程を組んだ背景には、外国との関係の都合上贋貨と正貨の等価交換をやむなく認めたものの、実際に全ての贋貨を同じように正貨と等価で引き換えた場合には明治政府の財政が破綻するのは目に見えていたからであり、その額をなるべく抑制したいという明治政府と貿易関係の維持のために政府の崩壊に至る事態は避けたいと考える外国公使との思惑の一致があったからである。
English: On July 22, the edict of Daijokan was put out, which ordered citizens to submit counterfeit money to officials by the end of October.
Japanese: 7月22日に太政官布告が出され、人民は10月末までに官に贋貨を提出するように命じた。
English: However, there was no method for regular people to make a distinction between a specie and counterfeit money (if there was a way to make this distinction, there would have been no reason to go through an authenticity test for foreigners in the first place), and besides, large amounts of counterfeit money were circulating so it was pointless.
Japanese: だが、一般の人々には正貨と贋貨の区別をつける方法が無く（そもそも簡単に区別がつけられるのであれば、外国人に対する検勘は必要がないことになる）、かつ贋貨の方が大量に出回っているために全く意味が無かったのである。
English: On August 11 when the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Popular Affairs merged into the Ministry of Finance to be able to control financial affairs with absolute authority, measurements for putting the things in order were planned to be examined by Okuma and Ito as leaders.
Japanese: 8月11日に大蔵省と民部省が合併されて大蔵省が財政の全権を掌握できるようになると、大隈や伊藤を中心に整理のための方策が検討されることになった。
English: In the beginning, OKUMA and ITO evaluated that 100 counterfeit ryo had around 20 ryo worth actually, so added a little more to this to exchange it for 25 ryo.
Japanese: 大隈や伊藤は当初、贋金貨100両に対する実際の価値を20両前後と見て、それに多少上乗せをして25両で引き換えることを考えた。
English: There was danger that the general public would fall into great confusion if they were suddenly told that what they had was counterfeit money and was only worth ¼ of the real value, especially since they could not tell apart their currency from counterfeit or specie, and this could develop into to an uproar such as uprisings or vandalism.
Japanese: 一般の人民は自分の持っている通貨の真贋を見極められないのに、ある日突然それは贋金だからとその価値を4分の1にされたら人々は大混乱に陥り、各地で一揆や打ちこわしなどの騒ぎに発展する危険性がある。
English: The Meiji Government at this time did not have enough power to suppress these kinds of uprisings or vandalism and one wrong move could lead to a collapse of the government.
Japanese: 今の明治政府にはこうした一揆や打ちこわしを鎮圧するだけの十分な力はなく、一歩間違えれば政府は崩壊すると言うのである。
English: Particularly since the Satsuma and Tosa Domains which the government depended on, might have been circulating large amounts of counterfeit money to their people, it further raised its uneasiness.
Japanese: 特に政府が頼りにしていた薩摩藩・土佐藩が自前の贋貨を大量に自己の領民に流通させている可能性があることもその危惧を高めていた。
English: A proposal to collect a fine from domains which coined counterfeit money such as Satsuma and Tosa, and using this as a fund for the exchange, and raising the price to around 40 ryo was put out by Saneomi HIROSAWA from the Choshu Domain, but this was thought to be difficult to realize as most opinions desired a gentle punishment, like written above.
Japanese: 長州藩出身の広沢真臣が薩摩や土佐などの贋貨鋳造藩から罰金を徴収してそれを引換の元手にすることで40両前後にまで引き上げる案も出されたものの、前述のように穏便な処置を望む意見が占める中では実現は困難と思われた。
English: In the end, after a long conference within the government, the following edict of Daijokan was put out on October 24.
Japanese: やがて、政府内で長い協議の末、10月24日に以下の太政官布告が出された。
English: 「悪金ノ儀ハ、兼テ御布令ノ通、府藩県ニテ取調十月中ニ可申出筈ノ所、此度引換ノ道被為立、銀台ノ分ハ格別ノ訳ヲ以百両ニ付先金札三十両ニ御引換被成下、追テ総員数銘々持分等巨細御取調ノ上、猶御詮議ノ品モ可有之候条、御趣意ノ程厚ク相心得可申候......（以下略）」
Japanese: 「悪金ノ儀ハ、兼テ御布令ノ通、府藩県ニテ取調十月中ニ可申出筈ノ所、此度引換ノ道被為立、銀台ノ分ハ格別ノ訳ヲ以百両ニ付先金札三十両ニ御引換被成下、追テ総員数銘々持分等巨細御取調ノ上、猶御詮議ノ品モ可有之候条、御趣意ノ程厚ク相心得可申候......（以下略）」
English: Hereby, along with expressing the exchange of 100 counterfeit ryo to kinsatsu 30 ryo, the content hinted at the possibility of adding more in the future according to the situation.
Japanese: これによって贋金100両を金札30両に引き換える事を表明するとともに事情によっては将来的に上乗せされる可能性がある事を仄めかす内容とされた。
English: As a result, exchange of money began in November, but this did not finish by the end of year as aimed, and even when the deadline was pushed to March 2, 1870 and December 15 of the same year, the disposal of counterfeit money did not catch up.
Japanese: これを受けて11月より順次引換が開始されたが、目標としていた年内完了には至らず、翌3年3月2日、同12月15日と期限を延長しても処理が追いつかなかった。
English: For this reason, an edict of Daijokan was issued to announce that the exchange of money would be terminated as of January 15, 1871, and that from this date on, the counterfeit money would be dealt with at the market price of a ground metal mixed of gold and silver (however, the exchange continued during the year only for the people who wished).
Japanese: そのため、明治4年1月25日に引換を打ち切り、以後は金銀混合の地金として時価で扱うものとする太政官布告が出された（ただし、同年中は希望者には引換は継続されている）。
English: However, the amount by the exchange in equal value for foreigners was 340 thousand ryo as mentioned above, and the amount by the exchange following the edict of Daijokan, which had become clear was 1.57 million ryo, while the amount of the bad quality gold coins (actually counterfeit coins) issued by the government, which is recognized today is 3.81 million ryo, so the former ones are much smaller than the latter.
Japanese: だが、前述の外国人に対する等価引換が34万両、太政官布告による引換が判明分だけで157万両であり、現在判明している政府発行の悪質な金貨（事実上の贋貨）が381万両であるから、それよりも遥かに少ないことになる。
English: In the end, the situation was thought to be that counterfeit money, including those that circulated abroad, were mostly thrown away and handled as metal, in essence, under the cover of the confusion during the beginning of the Meiji period.
Japanese: 結局は海外への流出分も含めて実質的には明治初期の混乱に乗じて殆どが切り捨てられて地金扱いされたのが実態であったとされている。
English: The construction plan for the mint facility was proceeded by Kosei YURI, from the time he was a finance office vice prefectural governor, but it began in earnest after OKUMA placed a Mint Dorm along with setting up the Ministry of Finance and appointing Kaoru INOUE to the position of mint head, and the construction of a mint factory was proceeded in Osaka City.
Japanese: 造幣施設の建設計画は由利公正が会計官副知事の時代より進めていたが、大隈が大蔵省設置とともに造幣寮を置いて井上馨を造幣頭に任命（明治2年8月18日）して以後本格化し、大阪市に造幣工場の建設が進められた。
English: There was a delay due to fire along the way, but the factory was completed in September 1870, and started temporary operating on February 15, 1871 (full-scale operating started on April 4).
Japanese: 途中、火災による遅延があったものの、明治3年9月に工場は完成し、明治4年2月15日より仮稼動を開始した（4月4日本格稼動）。
English: On June 17, 1871 of the following year, the yen (currency) was made the basic unit, the "sen" and "ri" were introduced as the supplementary unit, the New Currency Act was proclaimed, making 1 yen 100 sen, and 1 sen 10 ri, and Japan took its first step towards a modern currency system.
Japanese: 続いて5月10日（1871年6月17日）には円(通貨)を基本単位とし、通貨の補助単位として「銭」「厘」を導入して、1円100銭、1銭10厘とする新貨条例が公布され、日本は近代的な貨幣制度への第一歩を踏み出すことになった。
English: The gold and silver bimetallism refers to a currency system where both gold and silver coins are designated as standard money; freedom of minting, importing and exporting such money is maintained; and fixed exchange ratio between gold and silver is maintained
Japanese: 金銀複本位制（きんぎんふくほんいせい）とは、金貨・銀貨両方を本位貨幣としてその鋳造と輸出入の自由を保持し、なおかつ固定化した金銀比価を保持する通貨制度のことである。
English: We should note that the fixation of exchange ratio between gold and silver could lead to ignoring production cost and market price.
Japanese: ただし、金銀比価の固定は生産価格及び市場価格の存在を無視することになった。
English: When the proper balance was lost between the market price and the legally fixed exchange ratio between gold and silver, the currency that had more advantageous market price was likely to be kept as dead storage.
Japanese: 法定された金銀比価と市場価格のバランスが崩れると、市場価格が有利な方の貨幣が退蔵される可能性が高かった。
English: In the medieval period, European countries could not provide a stable supply of gold or silver coins by themselves.
Japanese: 中世ヨーロッパでは、自国で安定した金貨もしくは銀貨の供給が不可能であった。
English: Therefore, they had no choice but to adopt the gold and silver bimetallism, and had to maintain the balance by reminting coins whenever the balance was lost.
Japanese: そのため、金銀複本位制を採用せざるを得ず、なおかつバランスが崩れるとその度に改鋳を行ってバランスを維持しなければならなかった。
English: In 1816, England successfully changed the system into the gold standard system, and other European countries followed that.
Japanese: 1816年にイギリスが金本位制への転換に成功すると、他のヨーロッパ諸国も金本位制に転換することとなった。
English: Japan adopted the gold standard system according to the New Currency Act enacted on June 17, 1871 and following the movement in Europe.
Japanese: 日本では、明治4年5月10日(旧暦)（1871年6月17日）に制定された新貨条例によってヨーロッパに倣って金本位制を定めた。
English: However, neighboring countries including Qing adopted the silver standard system and Japan was obliged to issue one yen silver coins that were equivalent to foreign silver coins.
Japanese: しかし、清を中心とする周辺諸国はいずれも銀本位制を採っており、洋銀と同価値の1円銀貨の発行を余儀なくされた。
English: As huge amount of gold coins fled outside the country, Japan had to issue silver trade coins equivalent to silver trade dollars of the United States in 1875.
Japanese: だが、金貨の国外への流通が激しく、明治8年（1875年）には新しくアメリカ合衆国の貿易ドル銀貨と同等の貿易銀を発行した。
English: Furthermore, in the next year, Japan had to equalize the exchange ratio that, in the open ports, had been 100 yen silver coin to 101 yen gold coin, thus choosing a virtual gold and silver bimetallism.
Japanese: 翌年には開港場で行われていた銀貨100円に対して金貨101円の金銀比価を両者同等に改めて実質上の金銀複本位制となった。
English: On May 27, 1878, Japan formally adopted the gold and silver bimetallism according to the proposal by Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) Shigenobu OKUMA, and designated one yen silver coins and silver trade coins that had been used only in the open ports as legal-tender coins and allowed their unrestricted use.
Japanese: 更に明治11年（1878年）5月27日には大蔵卿大隈重信の建議を受けて正式に金銀複本位制を採用して、これまで開港場のみで通用を許していた1円銀貨及び貿易銀を日本国内でも強制通用力のある貨幣として扱い、その無制限使用を許した。
English: However, due to the inflation caused by the overissue of inconvertible currencies accompanying the Seinan War, both gold and silver coins fled Japan or were kept as dead storage to a great extent and came down to just nominal stanrdard money.
Japanese: だが、西南戦争に伴う不換紙幣増発によって生じたインフレーションで金貨・銀貨ともに国外への流出や退蔵が深刻化して,本位貨幣としては名目上の存在となってしまった。
English: Concerned about this situation, Okura-kyo Masayoshi MATSUKATA sought for a way to currency stability through the introduction of a temporary silver standard system.
Japanese: これを憂慮した大蔵卿松方正義は、一時的な銀本位制導入による通貨安定を模索した。
English: In 1885, Japan issued Bank of Japan notes, a convertible currency based on the silver standard system, and temporarily adopted the silver standard system.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）に銀本位制に基づく兌換紙幣である日本銀行券を発行して、日本は一時的に銀本位制となった。
English: Later, Japan again chose the gold standard system through the Currency Act enacted in 1897.
Japanese: その後明治30年（1897年）の貨幣法によって金本位制への復帰を果たすことになった。
English: Kaiseigakari is a department set in Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) on December 20, 1869.
Japanese: 改正掛（かいせいがかり）とは、明治2年11月18日_(旧暦)（1869年12月20日）に民部省に設置された部局である。
English: On August 6, 1870, it was transferred to Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury) and eliminated at the re-integration of Okura-sho and Minbusho on September 11, 1871.
Japanese: 明治3年7月10日(旧暦)（1870年8月6日）に大蔵省に移管され、明治4年7月27日(旧暦)（1871年9月11日）の大蔵省と民部省の再統合の際に廃止された。
English: In 1869, Shigenobu OKUMA, who was a taifu (vice-minister) of so-called 'Minbu Okura-sho' (he was a taifu for both Okura-sho and Minbu-sho) to which a personnel integration was applied, was recommended by Junzo GO and intended to install Eiichi SHIBUSAWA who was a former retainer of shogun.
Japanese: 明治2年、人的統合をもって統合された所謂「民部大蔵省」の大輔（大蔵大輔兼民部大輔）であった大隈重信は、郷純造の薦めによって旧幕臣の渋沢栄一を登用しようとした。
English: However, Shibusawa declined the proposal saying the existing system of Minbu Okura-sho was far from building a new nation.
Japanese: だが、渋沢は現状の民部大蔵省のあり方ではとても新しい国家建設に進める体制にはないとして辞退を申し入れた。
English: Young bureaucracy such as Masahito SAKAMOTO and Kenzaburo OKAMOTO convinced Shibusawa that he should play a main role of creating the system.
Japanese: だが、坂本政均・岡本健三郎ら若手官僚より、渋沢がその体制を作る中心になるべきであると説得を受けた。
English: He also received the same request from Okuma and Munenari DATE who was Kyo, and an organization to promote reformation in the ministry (to improve capability of policy planning) was established and Shibusawa was designated a section head (head of the land tax department as well).
Japanese: また大隈や卿の伊達宗城からも同様の趣旨の要請を受けて、渋沢を掛長（租税正兼務）として省内改革（政策立案能力の向上）を推進する組織として発足した。
English: Okuma asked Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE questions on political challenges in the ministry, and Kaiseigakari such as Shibusawa took in charge of planning ・framing.
Japanese: 大隈は伊藤博文や井上馨を通じて省内に抱える政策課題などの諸問題について下問を行い、渋沢ら改正掛が企画・立案を担当した。
English: Furthermore, Hisoka MAEJIMA, Noriyoshi AKAMATSU, and Yuzuru SUGIURA, who studied overseas and understood situations in Europe and America, were added.
Japanese: 更に、海外留学などで欧米の事情に明るい前島密・赤松則良・杉浦譲らを加えて充実させていった。
English: Especially, proposals such as unification of scales and measures, telegraph and railway-related constructions, establishment of the postal system, elimination of sukego (labor which was imposed to the neighboring village to help the primarily imposed village), promotion of local productions industry, and Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) were actually carried out.
Japanese: 特に度量衡の統一、電信や鉄道の建設、郵便制度の創設、助郷の廃止、殖産興業の推進、廃藩置県の提言などが実行に移された。
English: Though the Family Registration Law, land-tax reform, and abolition of the class system were not carried out immediately, they were all created based on proposals made in the structure, and it was kind of a pioneer among Japanese think tanks.
Japanese: 戸籍法や地租改正、身分解放令も直ちには実施されなかったものの、ここでの提言が発案となっているなど、日本におけるシンクタンクの先駆け的な存在であった。
English: In addition, Shibusawa, a section head, often visited Okuma's with Ito or Inoue, informed Okuma of discussions made in Kaiseigakari, and also talked frequently with young bureaucracy such as Naoyoshi YAMAGUCHI and Tomoatsu GODAI who were associated with Okuma.
Japanese: また、掛長であった渋沢は伊藤や井上とともに大隈邸に出入りして改正掛での議論などを大隈に報告するとともに大隈と親交があった山口尚芳や五代友厚ら他の若手官僚とも議論を重ねた。
English: In addition, for Okuma who estranged himself from his old friends since the end of Edo Period such as Takato OKI and Taneomi SOEJIMA because of different way of living their life, the existence of Kaiseigakari, which gave him evolutional proposals about reformation, was very reliable, and he admitted it later ("Okuma memoir").
Japanese: また、当時幕末以来の盟友であった同郷の大木喬任や副島種臣らと路線の違いから疎遠になりつつあった大隈にとって、他に先んじて改革の提言をもたらす改正掛の存在が頼もしい存在であったことを後に証言している（『大隈公昔日譚』）。
English: However, since these reforms are so radical that conflicts arose with the conservatives in the government and local officials.
Japanese: だが、こうした改革が余りにも急進的であったために、政府内との保守派や地方官との対立を招いた。
English: Especially, since most personnel who knew well about Europe and America were naturally those who had studied abroad and they were former retainers of shogun, this caused strong antipathy from Toshimichi Okubo who thought the fastest way of reformation was to wipe out old retainers of shogun.
Japanese: 特に欧米の事情に通じた人材となると、自然と幕末に留学をした旧幕臣が占める割合が高くなってしまい、特に旧幕臣の一掃こそが改革の早道と考える大久保利通らの反感を強める原因となった。
English: Therefore, when Okubo worked hard to remove an executive taking in charge of both Okura-sho and Minbu-sho (separation of Okura-sho and Minbu-sho), and Takato OKI, Tomozane YOSHII, and Masayoshi MATSUKATA were sent in to Minbu-sho, Kaiseigakari was transferred to Okura-sho, Shibusawa was removed from section head position, and other members were also dispatched to both Okura-sho and Minbu-sho to weaken the structure.
Japanese: そのため、大久保の巻き返しによって大蔵・民部省幹部の兼任が解かれて（大蔵・民部両省の分離）民部省に大木喬任・吉井友実・松方正義らが送り込まれると、改正掛は大蔵省に移され、また渋沢は掛長を外されて他のメンバーも大蔵・民部両省内に分散させられるなどの弱体化が図られることになる。
English: When it was decided to merge Okura-sho and Minbu-sho again in exchange for Okubo's position in Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) in accordance with Haihan-chiken, Okubo eliminated the structure.
Japanese: そして、廃藩置県に伴う改革で大久保が大蔵卿に就任するのと引換に大蔵・民部の再合併が決定された時に大久保によって廃止されることになったのである。
English: However, proposals by Kaiseigakari which were made to build a modern centralized government had great effect on building a modern state after that.
Japanese: しかし、近代的な中央集権国家を目指すべく出された改正掛の提言が、その後の近代国家の建設に大きな影響力を与えることとなった。
English: Shokon no matsuri is a ritual practiced by Japanese Onmyodo and Chinese Taoism.
Japanese: 招魂祭（しょうこんのまつり）は日本の陰陽道・中国の道教で行われる祭祀・呪術のひとつ。
English: For Shokonsai (soul summoning rite) that the shokon-sha shrines and the Yasukuni-jinja shrine began to practice after the Meiji period for the dead, see Yasukuni-jinja.
Japanese: 近代に新しく招魂社・靖国神社などで死者に対して始められた「招魂祭」（しょうこんさい）については靖国神社参照。
English: In Japan's Onmyodo, the ritual is performed to revitalize the sick; in contrast, in China's Taoism, it is performed to prevent the souls of the dead from wondering away.
Japanese: 日本の陰陽道では衰弱している生きた人間の活性化のため、中国の道教では死者の霊魂の離散防止のためとして行われる。
English: The first record of Shokon no matsuri is in "Shoki mokuroku," volume 8, under "Onsaijifu-kaijo," in the article, "2nd year of Eien era, November 11th, Shokon no matsuri."
Japanese: 初見は『小記目録』第8巻「御祭事付解除」の「永延二年十月十一日招魂祭時」という記述。
English: It was believed that a person possesses a "soul," and when he is in deep sleep, or is troubled by something, the soul drifts away from the weakened body.
Japanese: 人には「魂」というものがあると信じられ、熟睡したり悩み事に屈託したときには衰弱した肉体からその「魂」が遊離すると考えられていた。
English: Therefore, during child labor or illness, a ritual of waving clothes on the roof was performed to lead the soul back to the body.
Japanese: そのため、病気やお産などの際に身体から遊離した魂を屋根の上で衣を振るなどして招き戻す祭祀を行った。
English: In August 1025, an Onmyoji (a master of Yin Yang) Tsunemori NAKAHARA almost received punishment for performing Shokon no matsuri on the deceased FUJIWARA no Kishi.
Japanese: 1025年8月の藤原嬉子の死去に際し陰陽師の中原恒盛は招魂祭を行い、祓を科せられそうになったという。
English: Japan's Onmyodo does not practice Shokon no matsuri on the dead, which is the key difference from the Chinese Taoism.
Japanese: 日本の陰陽道では死者に対しては行わない点が中国の道教との大きな相違点である。
English: The term Shokon no matsuri was used in "Chronicles of Japan," Volume 29, an article on November 24 (day of Hinoe Tora) of the 14th year of Emperor Tenmu that states, 'Shokon was performed for the Emperor on that day.'
Japanese: 用語としては『日本書紀』巻第29、天武天皇14年11月24日（丙寅）条に「是日為天皇招魂之」とあるが、『釈日本紀』巻21秘訓6はこの「招魂」を「ミタマフリス」と訓じ、同書巻15、述義11では「今鎮魂祭也」として、『日本書紀』の「招魂」の記述を「鎮魂祭」のこことしている。
English: In "Chinkonden record", Nobutomo BAN refers to this particular case as chinkon-sai.
Japanese: 伴信友も『鎮魂伝』で「例の漢ざまに傚ひて、招魂と書なされたるもの」としている。
English: In Hikobae (Essays on Study of Historical Artefacts of Nobutomo BAN), volume 20, he writes, "Emperor GoDaigo's 'Nicchu Gyoji' (book on the ceremonies of the court) states "the daily rituals of shokon have been established " where shokon refers to a shokon no matsuri performed by a onmyo-ji, not a chinkon no matsuri," making a clear distinction between the two types of rituals.
Japanese: 伴信友はまた「比古婆衣」第20巻で「後醍醐天皇日中行事に、日毎せうこんの御祭、今は定まれる事なり、とあるせうこんは招魂にて、こは鎮魂にはあらず、陰陽家にて別に招魂祭とて為る方なるべし」と述べて、招魂祭と鎮魂祭との区別を明確にしている。
English: For instance, "Kinji" (a collection of literary works in Chinese history) written in the Warring States Period (in China) before common era states that according to 'shokonhen' (the section of soul summoning rite) of Sogyoku, the rite was performed to bring back the soul of Kutsugen (a Chinese scholar-official), who was pursued and killed by the villain even though he had no fault, so that his soul won't wonder around.
Japanese: たとえば紀元前の戦国時代(中国)の『楚辞』には宋玉の「招魂篇」では罪なく奸人に追われて死んだ屈原を偲び、その魂の離散を恐れ、呼び戻す為に行われている。
English: Kokusho' of the 9th song of "Kinji" states that when you die, your body dies but by the power of god, your soul turns into a demon.'
Japanese: 『楚辞』九歌の「国殤」には「身既に死して神以て霊・魂魄毅として鬼雄となる」とある。
English: Today, the rite is performed 1 to 3 years after death by writing the name of the deceased on 'shinshu' (it is equivalent to Buddhist tablets which is also used in Confucianism) and it is revered as a new ancestor.
Japanese: 現在でも死んでから1～3年後に常設の「神主（しんしゅ）」（儒教でも用いる。仏教の位牌にあたるもの。）に名前を記し、新たな先祖として祀る。
English: Then, while the soul is still a kind of demon, it becomes a protective ancestor that watches over the safety and well-being of the descendants.
Japanese: すると、一種の鬼でありつつ、子孫の幸福・安全を守る先祖となるとされる。
English: Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties is the generic term of archaeological sites in Asuka, Nara Prefecture and has been accepted to the World Heritage (cultural heritage) Tentative List of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Japanese: 飛鳥・藤原の宮都とその関連資産群（あすか・ふじわらのきゅうととそのかんれんしさんぐん）は、国際連合教育科学文化機関の世界遺産（文化遺産）暫定リストへの追加掲載が決まった奈良県飛鳥にある史跡等の総称。
English: Nara Prefecture and others proposed the additional inscription of 'Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties' on the Tentative List in November 2006 and the Agency for Cultural Affairs decided to apply for it together with Tomioka Seishi-jo (Tomioka Silk Mill) (Tomioka City, Gunma Prefecture, etc.), Mt. Fuji (Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki (Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, etc.) on January 23, 2007.
Japanese: 2006年11月に奈良県他により「飛鳥・藤原－古代日本の宮都と遺跡群」として暫定リスト追加掲載の提案が行われ、翌2007年1月23日、文化庁が富岡製糸場（群馬県富岡市など）、富士山（山梨県・静岡県）、長崎の教会群とキリスト教関連遺産（長崎県長崎市など）とともに追加申請を決めた。
English: The Irtysh surrender incident is the incident in which the crew of a special service vessel of the Russian Baltic Fleet called the Irtysh, which had been damaged in the Battle of Tsushima and stalled at sea, surrendered in Waki district, Tsuno village, Naka County (present-day Waki town, Gotsu City), Shimane Prefecture at about 2:00 pm on May 28, 1905.
Japanese: イルティッシュ号投降事件（イルティッシュごうとうこうじけん）は、日本海海戦で損傷を受けたロシアのバルチック艦隊の特務艦イルティッシュ号が航行不能となり、1905年（明治38年）5月28日午後2時頃、島根県那賀郡都濃村和木（現・江津市和木町）で投降した事件。
English: The Irtysh was built in Germany in 1903 as a collier of the German Navy, named Belgien (7,500 tons).
Japanese: イルティッシュ号は、ドイツ海軍の石炭運送船ベリギヤ号（7,500トン）として1903年にドイツで建造された。
English: Russia purchased the vessel from Germany in 1904 and remodeled her with 2 million rubles to attach her to the fleet.
Japanese: 1904年にロシアがドイツより購入し、艦隊に所属させるために200万ルーブルをかけて改装した。
English: By this remodeling the coal hold was divided into a drying room and a coal room in order to store various kinds of freight and the vessel was named the Irtysh after the Irtysh River (the total length: 4,248 km), a tributary on the left bank of the Ob River in Western Siberia.
Japanese: この改装により石炭艙は各種積荷の貯蔵のため乾燥室と石炭室に分割され、名前も西シベリアを流れるオビ川左岸の支流エルティシ川（全長4,248km）からイルティッシュ号と命名された。
English: She had a displacement of 15,000 tons, a length of 180 m, a breadth of 17 m, and a maximum speed of 10.5 knots.
Japanese: 排水量15,000トン、全長180m、全幅17m、最大速度10.5ノット。
English: The crew consisted of 251 members (17 commissioned officers, 6 warrant officers and 228 seamen) and 235 out of them, who were from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Tatar, Germany, Latvia, Estonia and so on; were on duty when the Irtysh surrendered.
Japanese: 編成乗組員は251名（士官17名、准士官6名、水兵228名）、投降時の乗組員は235名で、ロシア、ウクライナ、ベラルーシ、タタール、ドイツ、ラトビア、エストニア等の出身者で構成されていた。
English: 62 percent of the crew was accounted for by 12 or 13-year-old boys who worked for a lighter in the basin of the Oka River and the Kama River: tributaries of the Volga River, and former servicemen.
Japanese: なかでもヴォルガ川支流のオカ川、カマ川流域の艀で働く12～13歳の少年や退役軍人が全体の62％を占めていた。
English: Officer of the Deck Graf was the purser kept the logbook, of which pirated copies later went around to raise the gold-bullion disturbance described below.
Japanese: 当直将校グラフは事務長をしており、後に彼の航海日誌の海賊版が出回って、後述する金塊騒動の元となった。
English: The Irtysh was to join the Baltic Fleet which had Lieutenant General Rozhdestvensky as the admiral in the Russo-Japanese War.
Japanese: イルティッシュ号は、日露戦争でロジェストウェンスキー中将を司令長官とするバルチック艦隊に加わることになった。
English: However, when they were loading coal in a hurry before departure, the loads were thrown off balance and damaged the ship; it required two months to repair.
Japanese: しかし、出港準備中に急いで石炭を積み込んだために積荷がバランスを崩して船体が破損し、修繕するのに2ヶ月かかった。
English: For this reason, about two months behind the main unit of the fleet left on October 15, 1904, the Irtysh left the naval port Libau on the Baltic Sea on December 24.
Japanese: このため、1904年10月15日に出港した本隊から約2ヶ月遅れの12月24日にバルト海のリエパーヤ軍港を出港した。