nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Standing on the headland of Naniwa and looking at the country I possess, I see Awashima Island, Onogoro-jima Island and the island of Ajimasa where the binro (Chinese fan palm, Livistona chinensis) grows, and I see Saketsu-shima Island as well.
Japanese: おしてるや難波の崎よ出で立ちて我が国見れば淡島（あはしま）自凝（おのごろ）島檳榔（あぢまさ）の島も見ゆ放（さき）つ島も見ゆ
English: Standing on the headland of Naniwa and looking at the country I possess, I see Awashima Island, Onogoro-jima Island and the island of Ajimasa where the binro (Chinese fan palm, Livistona chinensis) grows, and I see Saketsu-shima Island as well.
Japanese: （現代語訳）難波の岬に立って私が領有する国を見ると、淡島、オノゴロ島、檳榔の島も見え、佐気都島（離れ小島と解釈する説もある）も見える。
English: In the Awaji-shima Island, there is the Onokorojima-jinja Shrine in Minamiawaji City, and also the Izanagi-jingu Shrine, which is worshipped the two gods, in Awaji City.
Japanese: 淡路島の南あわじ市には自凝島神社があり、また、淡路市には二神を祀る伊弉諾神宮がある。
English: However, there is a theory saying that 'the island of Ajimasa' in the Emperor Nintoku's poem refers to an island where binro, a plant belonging to the palm family, grows.
Japanese: ただし、仁徳天皇の歌の「檳榔の島」はヤシ科の檳榔が生える島という意味である。
English: It also says that because binro grows only in subtropical regions, this island here should be interpreted as 'a faraway island.'
Japanese: 檳榔は亜熱帯にしか生えない木であるので、ここでは「はるか遠くの島」と解釈すべきとする説もある。
English: According to this theory, he tried to express an expanse of time and space by mentioning the Awashima and Onogoro-jima Islands that appear in the myths.
Japanese: この説によれば、そこに神話に登場する淡島・自凝島を出すことで時間的・空間的広がりを出そうとしたのだという。
English: Gesaku is a general term for yomimono (reading) that had flourished in Edo since the late early-modern times, or around the latter half of the 18th century.
Japanese: 戯作（げさく、ぎさく）とは、近世後期、18世紀後半頃から江戸で興った読み物の総称。
English: Gesaku is roughly classified into Sharebon book (a gay-quarter novelette), Kokkeibon (humorous book), Dangibon (humorous sermons), Ninjobon (sentimental fiction), Yomihon (books for reading), Kusazoshi (illustrated story books), and so on.
Japanese: 戯作は、洒落本、滑稽本、談義本、人情本、読本、草双紙などに大きく分けられる。
English: According to its contents or shape, Kusazoshi is classified into Akahon (a red-covered storybook), Kurohon (a black-covered storybook), Aohon (an illustrated storybook), Kibyoshi (an illustrated storybook in yellow covers), and Gokan (bound-together volumes of illustrated books).
Japanese: さらに草双紙は内容や形態によって赤本、黒本、青本、黄表紙、合巻に分けられる。
English: Although there were Yomihon with a frontispiece or illustrations, but most of them were books for reading which contained only texts, so they were called Yomihon (books for reading).
Japanese: 読本とは、口絵や挿絵もあったが、文章中心の読み物であるところから読本と呼ばれた。
English: As the publishing systems such as printing technology and pay for the writing were improved, many people came to read Yomihon, but the circulation of it was not as much as that of Kusazoshi.
Japanese: 印刷技術や稿料制度など出版の体制が整っていたこともあり多くの読者を獲得したが、発行部数などは草双紙に及ばない。
English: The representative work of the Yomihon are "The Tale of Ugetsu" by Akinari and "Nanso satomi hakkenden" (The story of eight dog samurai and a princess of Satomi family in Nanso region) by Bakin.
Japanese: 代表的な読本には、秋成の『雨月物語』や馬琴の『南総里見八犬伝』などがある。
English: Most of them were written for children, but it gradually became comical books for adults.
Japanese: 子供向けのものが多かったが、次第に大人向けの洒落・滑稽な内容のものが書かれるようになった。
English: People enjoyed solving wordplays hidden in the text and illustrations more than just reading a story.
Japanese: 筋書き以上に、言葉や絵の端々に仕組まれた遊びの要素を読み解くことに楽しみがあった。
English: The term 'Gesaku' itself had been used from ancient China, therefore under its influence; it was also used in Japan before the Edo period.
Japanese: 「戯作」の言葉自体は中国に古くからあり、その影響から日本でも江戸時代以前から使われていた。
English: The parody or expressions in a mocking tone of the original text came to be called Gesaku.
Japanese: 正当な表現に対するパロディや軽く茶化した表現のことを戯作と呼ぶようになった。
English: Under the influence of Sorai OGYU and others, the novels written in colloquial language in the Chinese literature in those days were introduced and studied that led Yomihon and others to be written.
Japanese: 荻生徂徠などの影響で、当時の中国文学の口語小説の紹介・研究が進み、その影響を受けて読本などが書かれるようになった。
English: However, due to suppression of the Kansei Reforms, the Gesaku that had been written until then became obsolete, and instead the Gesaku writers from the common classes appeared, such as Sanba SHIKITEI and Ikku JIPPENSHA.
Japanese: しかし寛政の改革の弾圧によってそれまでの戯作に影が差すと、替わって庶民の中から式亭三馬や十返舎一九などの戯作者が現れた。
English: In addition, the Ninjobon fell into a decline because of the Tenpo Reforms, the number of publishing Gokan increased to fill the blank.
Japanese: さらに天保の改革によって人情本が衰退すると、その穴を埋めるように合巻の刊行点数が増大した。
English: "Gesakusha senshu" (Selected Gesaku writers) by Hokaishi ISHIZUKA (an Eiinbon [a reproduction of the manuscript] by Tomomitsu HIROSE is contained in "Kasama sosho" 96 (1978).
Japanese: 石塚豊芥子『戯作者選集』（『笠間叢書』96（1978年）に、広瀬朝光影印本あり）
English: The comical readings were not welcomed any more, and for a while the number of the professional writers decreased to five included Robun KANAGAKI.
Japanese: 滑稽な内容のものは歓迎されなくなり、一時期プロの作家は仮名垣魯文ら5人にまで減少した。
English: However, the restoration of the classic literature based on the political background, the appearances of a serial novel style on newspaper, typographical technology, and so on, brought Gokan to the limelight again from around 1877; Gesaku was still written during the Meiji period.
Japanese: しかし政治的背景を元にした古典文芸の復権があった他、新聞の連載小説形式や活版印刷技術などの登場を機に明治10年頃から合巻が再び脚光を浴びるなど戯作は明治期にも続けられていた。
English: It was necessary for Shoyo TSUBOUCHI and other writers to criticize Gesaku that had been written until then in order to bring the modern literature into existence.
Japanese: 坪内逍遥らが近代文学を成立させるためにはそれまでの戯作に対する批判をする必要があった。
English: It idealized iki (the way of life, or style in fashion and art, combining material sensuality and elegant sophistication), and mainly described the stratagems between prostitutes in a pleasure quarters and their customers and had plots that made vulgar customers laughing stocks.
Japanese: 粋（いき）を理想とし、遊女と客の駆け引きを描写したり、野暮な客を笑いのめした内容が主であった。
English: People read them not only as enjoyable stories, but also as books that gave lessons in practical behavior for the pleasure quarters and as a kind of guidebook.
Japanese: 話を楽しむためだけでなく、実用的な遊び方指南や一種のガイド本として読まれた。
English: They originate in books like some Yujo hyoban-ki (guidebooks to prostitutes in the red-light districts) in kana zoshi (novels written for women and children using kana rather than Chinese characters to make them easily understood), and the descriptions of pleasure quarters appearing in the Ukiyozoshi (literally, Books of the Floating World) of Saikaku IHARA and others.
Japanese: もとは仮名草子の遊女評判記の類や、井原西鶴らの浮世草子にある遊里の描写がルーツである。
English: The "Ryoha shigen" (Words on the Wine Cup of the Pleasure Quarters, 1728) and "Shirin zanka" (Remaining Flowers of the Historical Forest), published in the Kyoho era and humorously describing the manners and customs of Yoshiwara in Edo (the most famous pleasure quarter during the Edo period) in kanbun (Sino-Japanese) style, are regarded as the first well-known sharebon works.
Japanese: 洒落本の元祖と目されるのは享保年間出版の『両巴巵言（りょうはしげん）』（1728年）、『史林残花』で、漢文体で江戸・吉原の風俗を滑稽に描いたものである。
English: In the "Iso Rokujo" (Six Booklets of Exotic Elements, 1757) written by 无々道人 (the nom-de-plume of Toko SAWADA, a scholar of the Chinese classics), three scholars, one in Buddhism, one in the study of waka poetry and one in Confucianism, have hilarious and frivolous discussions about sex, love affairs, and the pleasure quarters.
Japanese: 无々道人（漢学者沢田東江の変名）の『異素六帖』（1757年）は仏者、歌学者、儒者の3人が色の道や遊里について面白おかしく議論するという内容である。
English: "Yushi Hogen" (The Rake's Patois, 1770) was written in the Meiwa era, and with it the style of the sharebon took final shape.
Japanese: 明和期の『遊子方言』（1770年）に至って洒落本のスタイルが整った。
English: It is the story of a man who plays the connoisseur bringing his innocent son to Yoshiwara, and the author describes the manners and customs in Yoshiwara and the contrast between iki and yabo (vulgarity), and it takes conversations between the main characters and prostitutes in chaya (teahouses) and prostitutes in the red-light districts as its center.
Japanese: 通人をきどる男がうぶな息子を連れて吉原に行くという筋で、茶屋の女房や遊女らとの会話を中心にして吉原の風俗や粋と野暮との対比を描いている。
English: Under the Kansei Reforms, which were led by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, Kyoden's works (sharebon and kibyoshi, or "yellow covers", illustrated books of popular fiction whose covers were yellow) were prosecuted in 1791.
Japanese: 松平定信が主導した寛政の改革のもと、1791年に京伝の作（黄表紙と洒落本）が摘発された。
English: As for series collecting sharebon, there has been published a "Sharebon taisei" (with twenty-nine volumes and one supplementary volume, by Chuo Koronsha).
Japanese: 洒落本の叢書として『洒落本大成』（29巻、補巻1、中央公論社）が刊行されている。
English: Compared to the yomihon literature that focused on narrative and was full of kango (originally Chinese words and expressions), kokkeibon books were written in a simple style with many colloquial expressions, and they made ordinary readers laugh using techniques such as simple puns, words and deeds deviating from social norms, and indecent topics.
Japanese: 物語性を重視し漢語がちりばめられた読本に比べ、滑稽本は会話文を主体とした平易な文章で、単純な言葉の引っかけや常識から逸脱した言動、下ネタなどで大衆的な読者の笑いを誘う。
English: Because kokkeibon did not require as much knowledge of kango and ability to structure a story as when writing yomihon, they were often written as a spare-time activity in circles and were even published in the provinces.
Japanese: 読本ほどの漢語知識と構成力は必要とされないため仲間内で趣味的に作られることも多く、地方でも独自に出版された。
English: This genre and the contemporary rakugo (comic storytelling) influenced each other, and sometimes a story from a kokkeibon was performed as a rakugo story with a witty punch line.
Japanese: 当時の落語と相互に影響を与え、滑稽本に書かれた話が落とし話として演じられることもあった。
English: The ninjobon refers to a genre of gesaku literature (literary work of a playful, mocking, joking, silly or frivolous nature) written during the Edo period that mainly dealt with decadent love affairs and contemporary life of Edo (now Tokyo).
Japanese: 人情本（にんじょうぼん）とは、江戸時代の戯作文芸の一種で、退廃的な恋愛や風俗を中心に描いたもの。
English: The typical works of ninjobon were "Shunshoku Umegoyomi" (Spring-Color Plum Calendar) and "Harutsugedori" (Bush Warbler) by Shunsui TAMENAGA.
Japanese: 為永春水の『春色梅児誉美（しゅんしょくうめごよみ）』や『春告鳥』などに代表される。
English: A crackdown on various forms of popular culture accompanying the Tenpo Reforms effectively silenced some writers and publishers, especially that produced koshokugabon (book of pornography), and served as an admonishment to others, such as an accusation against Sunshui TAMENAGA; as a result, ninjobon lost its vigor and creative force, and gokan (literally, bound-together volumes of illustrated books) appeared in numbers larger, to make up for that decline of ninjobon.
Japanese: 天保の改革によって特に好色画本が禁圧され、為永春水らが罪に問われるなど戯作者・版元に圧力が加えられると、人情本は衰退し、その穴を埋めるように合巻の刊行点数が増大した。
English: Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki was one of the valuable materials on Shinsengumi as an oral history material by Shinpachi NAGAKURA, one of the survivor, one of leading members of Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 新撰組顛末記（しんせんぐみてんまつき）は、新撰組幹部の生き残り永倉新八による口述を記録した、新撰組を知る上で貴重な資料の一つ。
English: It was originally published serially on the newspaper Otaru Shinbun from March 17 to June 11 as memoirs entitled 'Shinsengumi Nagakura Shinpachi.'
Japanese: 元は「新撰組永倉新八」という題で、大正2年（1913年）3月17日から同年6月11日まで小樽新聞で連載された回顧記録。
English: In November 1998 it was published by Shinjinbutsuoraisha in a new format that has still been reprinted even now.
Japanese: 1998年11月に新人物往来社より新装版が出版され、現在も再版が続いている。
English: The new format contains not only 'Shinsengumi Nagakura Shinpachi' but also the stories by people involved, one of posthumous writings of Nagakura 'Doshi Renmeiki', and so forth.
Japanese: 新装版には、「新撰組永倉新八」の内容だけでなく、関係者の話や永倉の遺稿の一つ「同志連名記」なども収録された。
English: "The Old Book of Tang" (Jiu Tangshu or Kutojo in Japanese) was a book of history compiled by Liu Xu and others under the reign of Shi Chonggui of Later Jin of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China.
Japanese: 『旧唐書』（くとうじょ）は、中国五代十国時代の後晋石重貴の時に劉クらによって編纂された歴史書。
English: It was originally called "The Book of Tang" which was changed to "The Old Book of Tang" when "The New Book of Tang" was compiled.
Japanese: 当初の呼び名は単に『唐書』だったが、『新唐書』が編纂されてから『旧唐書』と呼ばれるようになった。
English: The editor in chief changed while it was still being compiled, resulting in many editorial problems: two chapters for a single figure; disproportionately richer information on the earlier Tang and fewer accounts on the later Tang.
Japanese: そのため、編纂責任者が途中で交代するなどして、一人の人物に二つの伝を立ててしまったり、初唐に情報量が偏り、晩唐は記述が薄いなど編修に多くの問題があった。
English: This made it unpopular in later times, and it was revised into "The New Book of Tang" in the Northern Sung period.
Japanese: そのため後世の評判は悪く、北宋時代に『新唐書』が再編纂されることになった。
English: However, it is regarded as more valuable than "The New Book of Tang" as it contains the literal transcriptions of raw materials.
Japanese: しかし逆に生の資料をそのまま書き写したりしているので資料的価値は『新唐書』よりも高いと言われている。
English: It seems that the editorial processes played a part in providing two chapters on Japan: "The Book of Wakoku" and "The Book of Nipponkoku" in the Old Book of Tang.
Japanese: 旧唐書の中には日本について「倭国伝」と「日本国伝」の二つが立てられているのも編纂過程の影響であると考えられている。
English: This tradition of two Japans was continued into "Taiping Yulan" (The Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era) compiled under the early Sung (Dynasty).
Japanese: 宋(王朝)代初頭の『太平御覧』にもそのまま二つの国である旨が引き継がれてしまっている。
English: The section on Wakoku (Nippon) is interrupted by the descriptions of the Battle of Hakusukinoe and the Jinshin War, which are inserted between 'The Book of Wakoku' and 'The Book of Nipponkoku.'
Japanese: ただし、「倭国伝」と「日本国伝」の間の倭国（日本）関連記事の中絶には白村江の戦い及び壬申の乱が含まれている。
English: Rather, some Chinese in that period held the view that 'Wakoku (Emperor Tenchi)' was defeated at the Jinshin War and 'Nipponkoku (Emperor Tenmu)' was established.
Japanese: 当時の中国側に壬申の乱をもって「倭国（天智天皇）」が倒されて「日本国（天武天皇）」が成立したという見解が存在していた。
English: The text consists of 200 volumes: 20 volumes of 'Benji' (Imperial Biographies), 150 volumes of 'Liezhuan' (Biographies of Important Individuals) and 30 volumes of 'Shi' (various genres).
Japanese: 「本紀」20巻、「列伝」150巻、「志」30巻の計200巻から成る。
English: The term, "Ama no iwato" refers to a rock cave that appears in Japanese mythology.
Japanese: 天岩戸（あまのいわと）とは、日本神話に登場する岩で出来た洞窟である。
English: It is also referred to as "Amato," "Ama no iwaya," and "Ama no iwayato," and often written in kanji (Chinese characters) '石' (meaning stone), instead of '岩' (meaning rock).
Japanese: 天戸（あまと）、天岩屋（あまのいわや）、天岩屋戸（あまのいわやと）とも言い、「岩」は「石」と書く場合もある。
English: It was the place of Iwato-gakure legend that Amaterasu Omikami, the Sun Goddess, hid herself in the heavenly rock cave, plunging the world into complete darkness.
Japanese: 太陽神である天照大神が隠れ、世界が真っ暗になってしまった岩戸隠れの伝説の舞台である。
English: Proving his innocence by ukehi (a divination), Susano (capricious younger brother of Amaterasu Omikami) sill stayed in Takamagahara (plain of high heaven).
Japanese: 誓約によって身の潔白を証明したスサノオは、そのまま高天原に居座った。
English: He played havoc with Takamagahara; for example, he broke through the berms of rice paddies, filled in the irrigation ditches, and besmirched with excrement the palace.
Japanese: そして、田の畔を壊して溝を埋めたり、御殿に糞を撒き散らしたりの乱暴を働いた。
English: The deities in Takamagahara complained about his rude conducts to Amaterasu, but she screened him from blame at first, saying, "He did so under some ideas."
Japanese: 他の神は天照大神に苦情を言うが、アマテラスは「考えがあってのことなのだ」とスサノオをかばった。
English: But he made a hole in the roof of weaving hall and cast a dead horse stripped off the skin into the hall where Amaterasu was weaving clothes for deity, when a weaving girl was so frightened, and dead by being stabbed in the genitals with her shuttle.
Japanese: しかし、アマテラスが機屋で神に奉げる衣を織っていた時、スサノオは機屋の屋根に穴を開けて、そこから皮を剥いだ馬を落とし入れ、一人の天の服織女が驚いて梭（ひ）で陰部を刺して死んでしまった。
English: At last, his rude conducts infuriated Amaterasu and secluded herself in the Ama no iwato.
Japanese: ここにきてアマテラスはスサノオの行動に怒り、天岩戸に引き篭ってしまった。
English: Thereupon, yaoyorozu no kami (eight million gods) assembled at the river side of the Ame no Yasu-kawa River (the tranquil river of Heaven), and consulted what to do.
Japanese: そこで、八百万の神が天の安河の川原に集まり、どうすれば良いか相談をした。
English: Next, they took the hard rocks from the upper Ame no Yasu-kawa River, extracted the iron from a metal-mountain, searched for a blacksmith, Amatsumara, and ordered Ishikoridome to make Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror, one of the Imperial regalia).
Japanese: 天の安河の川上にある堅い岩を取り、鉱山の鉄を採り、鍛冶師の天津麻羅を探し、イシコリドメに命じて八咫鏡（やたのかがみ）を作らせた。
English: They ordered Tamanooya no Mikoto to make 'Yasaka no Magatama' (comma-shaped jewels), and then make 'Ihotsu no Misumaru no Tama' (a long string made of many comma shaped jewels) (also called Yasakani no Magatama), summoning Amenokoyane and Futodama to make them pull the shoulder-blade of a stag, take cherry-bark, and perform divination.
Japanese: 玉祖命に命じて八尺の勾玉の五百箇のみすまるの珠（八尺瓊勾玉・やさかにのまがたま）を作らせた、アメノコヤネとフトダマを呼び、シカの肩の骨を抜き取り、ははかの木を取って占い（太占）をさせた。
English: They also dag Sakaki (cleyera japonica) from its root, on whose branches Yasaka no Magatama, Yata no Kagami, and fuhaku (cotton, silk, textile fabrics) were hung, and Futodama held it as a gohei (wooden wands, decorated with two Shide [zigzag paper streamers]).
Japanese: 賢木（さかき）を根ごと掘り起こし、枝に八尺瓊勾玉と八咫鏡と布帛をかけ、フトダマが御幣として奉げ持った。
English: Amenokoyane recited Norito (Shinto prayer), and Ameno Tajikarao stood hidden beside the entrance of the cave of heaven blocked with a huge rock.
Japanese: アメノコヤネが祝詞（のりと）を唱え、アメノタヂカラオが岩戸の脇に隠れて立った。
English: Amenouzume began a thunderous dance on an overturned tub, and divinely possessed, she exposed her breasts and lowered her skirt string to her genitals.
Japanese: アメノウズメが岩戸の前に桶を伏せて踏み鳴らし、神憑りをして、胸をさらけ出し、裳の紐を陰部までおし下げて踊った。
English: Hearing that laughter, Amaterasu wondered what all the racket could be, opened the door of her cave a little, and asked why Amenouzume merrily danced and the yaoyorozu no kami were laughing notwithstanding the deep darkness in which her retirement resulted.
Japanese: この声を聴いたアマテラスは、何事だろうと天岩戸の扉を少し開け、「自分が岩戸に篭って闇になっているというのに、なぜアメノウズメは楽しそうに舞い、八百万の神は笑っているのか」と問うた。
English: Amenouzume replied that they were congratulating on the appearance of the new deity more precious than her, and the great mirror was shown to Amaterasu by Amenokoyane and Futodama.
Japanese: アメノウズメが「貴方様より貴い神が表れたので、それを喜んでいるのです」と言うと、アメノコヤネとフトダマがアマテラスの前に鏡を差し出した。
English: Just when Amaterasu opened the door further in order to see the reflection on the mirror, which she thought to be that greater god, Ameno Tajikarao, who was standing hidden, grasped her hand and pulled her out.
Japanese: 鏡に写る自分の姿がその貴い神だと思ったアマテラスが、その姿をもっと良く見ようと岩戸をさらに開けたとき、隠れていたアメノタヂカラオがその手を取って岩戸の外へ引きずり出した。
English: Futodama immediately pulled shimenawa (a sacred rice-straw rope) taut in front of the door of the cave, and told her not to step inside any more.
Japanese: すぐにフトダマが注連縄を岩戸の入口に張り、「もうこれより中に入らないで下さい」と言った。
English: With Amaterasu coming forth, light returned to Takamagahara and Ashihara no Nakatsukuni.
Japanese: こうしてアマテラスが岩戸の外に出てくると、高天原も葦原中国も明るくなった。
English: Yaoyorozu no kami took counsel together, and Susano was made to submit vast quantities of goods in atonement, his hair was cut and his fingernails and toenails pulled off, and he was banished from Takamagahara.
Japanese: 八百万の神は相談し、スサノオに罪を償うためのたくさんの品物を科し、髭と手足の爪を切って高天原から追放した。
English: The text of Nihonshoki describes that when Susano cast a dead horse into the weaving hall, it was Amaterasu who was so frightened that injured herself with a shuttle.
Japanese: 本文では、スサノオが機屋に馬を投げた際、アマテラス自身が驚いて梭で傷ついたとある。
English: The first arufumi (alternative variants frequently supplementing main text of Nihonshoki) says that it was Wakahirume who hurt herself with a shuttle to die.
Japanese: 第一の一書では、稚日女尊（ワカヒルメ）が梭で傷ついて死んだとなっている。
English: The original transmission is thought to have suggested that Wakahirume should be Ohirume, other self of Amaterasu, and the reckless demeanor of Susano should cause the death of Amatersu.
Japanese: ワカヒルメはオオヒルメすなわちアマテラスの分身であり、スサノオの行為によってアマテラスが死んだというのが元々の伝承ではないかと考えられる。
English: The second arufumi describes that the reason Amaterasu was enraged at Susano's rudeness, and hid herself in the cave of heaven was that Susano voided excrement in her palace, on which she sat carelessly.
Japanese: 第二の一書では、アマテラスが怒って岩屋に隠れたのは、スサノオが神殿に糞をし、アマテラスが気付かずにそれに座ってしまったためとしている。
English: There are some interpretations about the mythical story which tells that Amaterasu hid herself in the rock cave of heaven and the darkness fell on the world; one is that the story represents solar eclipses, and another is that it is symbolic of the sun reviving its weak power after the winter solstice.
Japanese: アマテラスが天岩戸に隠れて世の中が闇になるという話は、日食を表したものだという解釈と、冬至を過ぎて太陽が弱まった力を取り戻すということを象徴したものとする見方がある。
English: The ravages that Susano had done in Takamagahara were all concerned about the agriculture; thus they are said to have represented havoc of heavy storm.
Japanese: スサノオの乱暴は、その全てが農耕に関連するものであり、暴風雨の災害を表したものだともされる。
English: These Susano's conducts are generically called 'amatsu-tsumi (heavenly sin) and kunitsu-tsumi (earthly sin) in the Oharae no kotoba (the great purification).
Japanese: 大祓詞では、このスサノオの行いを総称して「天つ罪・国つ罪」としている。
English: Ise Jingu Shrine (one of the most important Shinto shrines, where Amaterasu Omikami is enshrined) keeps free-ranged chickens in its site because according to the mythology, the gods gathered chickens, which were made to crow each other.
Japanese: 鶏を集めて鳴かせたことから、伊勢神宮では神宮内に鶏を放し飼いにしている。
English: Although the Kojiki describes nothing about what Amatsura, a blacksmith, had done, Norinaga MOTOORI (classical scholar of the Edo period; his aim was to discern the identity of Japanese culture through an intensive study of the ancient classics, especially the Kojiki) assumed that Amatsura might have had a hoko (a long-handled Chinese spear) made.
Japanese: 鍛冶師のアマツマラについては何をしたかが書かれていないが、本居宣長は矛を作らせるためではないかと推測している。
English: Another theory holds that a sword was made; if the theory be correct, all the three imperial regalia (the curved jewels, the sacred mirror, and the sacred sword) would have been made in this mythical story.
Japanese: また、剣を作らせたとする説もあり、そうであればこの説話で三種の神器が全て作られたことになる。
English: Additionally, Amenomahitotsu no Kami, a god of smithery, with one eye appeared in the Kogo shui (a historical work complied in 807 by INBE no Hironari, which contains material not found in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, and records of the Inbe family's achievements), instead of Amatsura.
Japanese: なお、古語拾遺においては、アマツマラの代わりに一つ目の鍛冶神天目一箇神が登場している。
English: There was added a food-origin myth of Susano and Ogetsuhime in Japanese mythology to the Ama no Iwato's story in the Kojiki.
Japanese: 古事記では、この説話の後に、スサノオとオオゲツヒメによる日本神話における食物起源神話が挿入されている。
English: Incidentally, it is believed that the Inbe (忌部) clan (also written in the Chinese character, 斎部 with the identical pronunciation as 忌部) were those who left Awa (阿波) Province for the east, which appeared in the story of Ogetsuhime.
Japanese: 尚、天目一箇神を祖とする忌部氏（斎部氏）は、オオゲツヒメの話に登場する阿波国を出て東に向かった者とされている。
English: The myth of heavenly Iwato-gakure is said to be similar to the Demeter myth of Greek mythology.
Japanese: 天の岩戸隠れの神話はギリシャ神話に於けるデメテル神の神話とよく似ていると言われている。
English: In the myth of Demeter, the abduction of Persephone brought her so deep a grief that she renounced her divine functions as a goddess of vegetation and fruitfulness to lead the world infertile.
Japanese: デメテル神の場合、ペルセポネを隠された為、嘆き世の中が真っ暗になってしまう事から来ている。
English: Ama no iwato legend is supposed to have taken place in the heaven, but because of desires to realize that mythology in this world, there exist some caves- 'this is the cave of Ama no iwato'-, or some places associating with Ama no iwato.
Japanese: 天岩戸説話は天上界の出来事であるが、神話を現実的に目に見える形で解釈したいという要求から、「ここが天岩戸である」とする場所や関連する場所が何箇所か存在する。
English: Kumaya cave' located in Iheya-son, Shimajiri-gun, Okinawa Prefecture is southernmost of the many places related with 'Amaterasu's Heavenly Rock Cave Myth' in Japan.
Japanese: 沖縄県島尻郡伊平屋村「クマヤ洞窟」全国に数多ある「天の岩戸伝説」の中でここは最南端地。
English: Takekunikoriwake no mikoto was a member of the Imperial Family in the Kofun period (tumulus period), and he was written about in "A Record of Ancient Matters," "Chronicles of Japan," and so on.
Japanese: 武国凝別命（たけくにこりわけのみこと）は、記紀などに伝える古墳時代の皇族。
English: It is said that he was dispatched to Kanno-gun (later Nii County, present Niihama City, Saijo City, etc., Ehime Prefecture) for the subjugation of Iyo Province and used there as his base.
Japanese: 伊予国平定のために派遣され、神野郡（後の新居郡、現在の愛媛県新居浜市・西条市他）に拠点を置いたと伝える。