nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The changing of the tides in the Kanmon straits is very strong, and the Taira navy, who had a thorough understanding of the tides there, was able to ride the rapid tidal current and rain down arrows on the enemy, and kept pushing back the Yoshitsune's army, the warriors from the east Japan, who were unused to fighting at sea.
Japanese: 関門海峡は潮の流れの変化が激しく、水軍の運用に長けた平氏軍はこれを熟知しており、早い潮の流れに乗ってさんざんに矢を射かけて、海戦に慣れない坂東武者の義経軍を押しまくった。
English: Yoshitsune's fleet was driven back as far as the area around the islands of Kanju and Manju, and taking advantage of their momentum, the Taira forces renewed their attack, trying to kill or capture Yoshitsune himself.
Japanese: 義経軍は干珠島、満珠島のあたりにまで追いやられ、勢いに乗った平氏軍は義経を討ち取ろうと攻めかかる。
English: At this point in history, the shooting of noncombatants like navigators or oarsmen in a naval battle was considered against the etiquette of war, yet Yoshitsune dared to break this unwritten rule.
Japanese: この時代の海戦では非戦闘員の水手・梶取を射ることは戦の作法に反する行為だったが、義経はあえてその掟破りを行った。
English: Having lost their oarsmen and thus their means to direct their course, the Taira forces were thrown into confusion, and just then Yoshitsune's army made their attack; the brave among the east Japan soldiers boarded the enemy ships and engaged them in hand-to-hand fighting.
Japanese: 漕ぎ手を失った平氏軍は身動きが取れなくなって狼狽、そこを義経軍が攻めかかり、武勇の坂東武者たちが敵船に乗り移って白兵戦となった。
English: According to the "Heike monogatari," it was at this moment that 300 navy ships of Shigenori AWA switched sides, turning against the Taira clan.
Japanese: 『平家物語』によれば、この時、阿波重能の水軍300艘が寝返ってしまった。
English: Shigenori AWA had already revealed the ruse of the Taira's Chinese flagship to Yoshitsune, while led to the failure of Tomomori's strategy.
Japanese: 阿波重能は平氏軍の唐船の計略を義経に告げて知盛の作戦は失敗してしまう。
English: But according to the "Azuma kagami," Shigenori AWA numbered among the prisoners of war in the battle, and nothing at all is mentioned of any treachery by him.
Japanese: しかし、『吾妻鏡』によれば、阿波重能は合戦後の捕虜に含まれており、このような内応は実際はなかったようだ。
English: Eventually, the tidal current turned, and when it did, Yoshitsune's navy rode the current and pushed back the Taira clan's army.
Japanese: やがて、潮の流れが変わって反転すると、義経軍はこれに乗って、平氏軍を押しまくる。
English: Tomomori crossed over to the women's vessel, of which TAIRA no Tokuko and TAIRA no Tokiko were aboard, and laughingly said 'Get rid of anything unsightly and purify yourselves - and then I shall take you before this unusual man from the East.'
Japanese: 知盛は平徳子や平時子らの乗る女船に乗り移ると「見苦しいものを取り清め給え、これから珍しい東男を御目にかけましょう」と笑った。
English: Upon hearing this, Tokiko (also known as Nii no ama, the Nun of the Second Rank) and others resolved to end their own lives, and holding the child Emperor Antoku tight, Tokiko girded the treasured sword (one of the three Imperial regalia) around her waist and seized the Grand Jewels.
Japanese: これを聞いた二位ノ尼は死を決意して、幼い安徳天皇を抱き寄せ、宝剣を腰にさし、神璽を抱えた。
English: When Emperor Antoku looked up at her and asked, 'Where are we going?' Tokiko replied, 'Let us go to the Pure Land of Amidabha.
Japanese: 安徳天皇が「どこへ行くのか」と仰ぎ見れば、二位ノ尼は「弥陀の浄土へ参りましょう。
English: His celestial city can also be found under the waves,' and so saying, jumped into the sea holding Emperor Antoku.
Japanese: 波の下にも都がございます」と答えて、安徳天皇とともに海に身を投じた。
English: According to the "Azuma kagami," Tokiko jumped holding the Sword and Jewels, while it was Lady Azechi who jumped holding Emperor Antoku.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によると二位ノ尼が宝剣と神璽を持って入水、按察の局が安徳天皇を抱いて入水したとある。
English: Many warriors also having readied themselves for the end; TAIRA no Norimori leapt into the sea, while TAIRA no Tsunemori briefly climbed up onto land and took the tonsure before he also jumped into the sea.
Japanese: 武将たちも覚悟を定め、平教盛は入水、平経盛は一旦陸地に上がって出家してから還り海に没した。
English: Munemori, the supreme commander of the Taira clan, and his eldest son and heir Kiyomune both tried to drown themselves, but they held their lives too dear and floated back to the surface; being skilled swimmers, they survived to be captured by Yoshitsune's forces.
Japanese: 平家の総帥宗盛も嫡男の平清宗と入水するが、命を惜しんで浮かび上がり水練が達者なために泳ぎ回っていたところを義経軍に捕らえられてしまった。
English: The strong warrior TAIRA no Noritsune fought on like a demon, striking down the warriors from east Japan left and right, but Tomomori told him that, with the battle already lost, he should not do anything wicked.
Japanese: 剛の者である平教経は、鬼神の如く戦い坂東武者を討ち取りまくるが、知盛が既に勝敗は決したから罪作りなことはするなと伝えた。
English: Noritsune replied that in that case, he wanted to take the enemy commander Yoshitsune down with him into the grave to keep him company, and after locating Yoshitsune's flagship, he leapt aboard.
Japanese: 教経は、ならば敵の大将の義経を道連れにせんと欲し、義経の船を見つけてこれに乗り移った。
English: Noritsune, grasping both short and long swords, tried to get Yoshitsune to fight him in a duel, but Yoshitsune lightly sprang away, jumping away from ship to ship until he was eight ships distant.
Japanese: 教経は小長刀を持って組みかからんと挑むが、義経はゆらりと飛び上がると船から船へと飛び移り八艘彼方へ飛び去ってしまった。
English: Munemitsu AKI, known for his great strength, tried to lay Noritsune low after Yoshitsune escaped and thus prove his merit, and joining with another man of equal strength, proceeded to grapple with Noritsune.
Japanese: 義経を取り逃がした教経に大力で知られる安芸真光が討ち取って手柄にしようと同じく大力の者二人と組みかかった。
English: The above is the account given in the "Heike monogatari" of the final moments of Noritsune, known as the greatest of the strong leaders of the Taira clan and a thorn in Yoshitsune's side at both the battle of Okushima and at Dannoura, yet in the "Azuma kagami," Noritsune is recorded as having been killed during the battle of Ichinotani.
Japanese: 『平家物語』に描かれた平氏随一の剛将として知られ屋島の戦い、壇ノ浦の戦いで義経を苦しめた教経の最後だが、『吾妻鏡』によれば教経はこれ以前の一ノ谷の戦いで討ち死にしているという記述がある。
English: In the "Daigo zatsuji ki" (The Record of the Finest Miscellaneous Matters of Life), however, Noritsune's name is listed among those who perished at Dannoura.
Japanese: しかし、「醍醐雑事記」には壇ノ浦で没した人物の一人として教経の名が挙げられている。
English: Tomomori muttered 'I have seen now what must be seen' and strapping on an extra suit of armor, he drowned himself together with his foster brother.
Japanese: 知盛は「見るべき事は見つ」とつぶやくと、鎧二領を着て乳兄弟とともに入水した。
English: In the "Azuma kagami" the time is given as the hour of the Horse, or about noon), most of the Taira clan had died or been captured, and the battle ended in a victory for the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』では午の刻（12時ごろ））平氏一門の多くが死ぬか捕らえられ、戦いは源氏の勝利に終わった。
English: Tokuko, who had jumped into the sea, was rescued and brought up again, and while the Eight-Span Mirror (Yata no kagami, one of the three Imperial Regalia); it was also known as the Naishidokoro (the Palace of the Inner Attendants, where it was kept) and the Grand Jewels (Yasakani no magatama, comma-shaped jewel) were recovered, Emperor Antoku, who had gone into the sea with Tokiko, perished, and the Sword (the Sword of the Heavenly Gathering of Clouds, the third of the Imperial Regalia) sank away into the sea (there is another theory which states that the Sword is still extant).
Japanese: 入水した建礼門院は助け上げられ、内侍所（八咫鏡）と神璽（八尺瓊勾玉）は回収されたが、二位ノ尼とともに入水した安徳天皇は崩御し、宝剣（天叢雲剣）も海に没した（別説あり、天叢雲剣現存説）。
English: Emperor Antoku's half-brother (of a different mother), Imperial Prince Morisada (who had been appointed Antoku's crown prince), was rescued.
Japanese: 安徳天皇の異母弟の守貞親王（安徳天皇の皇太子に擬されていた）は救出された。
English: Of the Taira clan those taken prisoner included Munemori and Kiyomune; the courtiers TAIRA no Tokitada (Tokiko's younger brother), TAIRA no Tokizane, TAIRA no Nobumoto, and FUJIWARA no Tadaaki, who had acted in support of the main Taira clan; the Buddhist priests Noen, Zenshin, Ryoko, Chukai, and Gyomei; the military commanders TAIRA no Morikuni, TAIRA no Morizumi, and MINAMOTO no Suesada; and among the women, FUJIWARA no Sukeko (known as the Lady-in-Waiting to the Chief Councillor of State (Dainagon)), FUJIWARA no Muneko (the Lady-in-Waiting to the governor), and the Lady-in-Waiting to the Lord of the Office of Governance.
Japanese: 平氏一門のうち宗盛、清宗、それに平家と行動をともにしていた平時忠（二位ノ尼の弟）、平時実、平信基、藤原尹明といった廷臣、能円、全真、良弘、忠快、行命といった僧侶、平盛国、平盛澄、源季貞らの武将、大納言典侍、帥典侍、治部卿局らの女房が捕虜となっている。
English: Yoshitsune returned to the capital accompanied by Tokuko and Imperial Prince Morisada as prisoners of war, while Noriyori remained in Kyushu, meting out postwar punishments.
Japanese: 義経は建礼門院と守貞親王それに捕虜を連れて京へ戻り、範頼は九州に残って戦後の仕置きを行うことになった。
English: After Yoshitsune made his triumphal entry into the capital, the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa bestowed honors and court appointments upon him and his gokenin vassals.
Japanese: 義経は京都に凱旋し、後白河法皇はこれを賞して義経とその配下の御家人たちを任官させた。
English: What's more, a letter then arrived from Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who had remained in Kyushu, to Yoritomo bringing formal complaint against Yoshitsune for his haughtiness and tyranny during the war to hunt down and destroy the Taira clan, and having been informed that Yoshitsune had also taken the daughter of TAIRA no Tokitada to be his wife, Yoritomo was angered still more.
Japanese: さらに、九州に残っていた梶原景時から頼朝へ、平氏追討の戦いの最中の義経の驕慢と専横を訴える書状が届き、義経が平時忠の娘を娶ったことも知らされ、頼朝を怒らせた。
English: In June, 1185, Yoshitsune disobeyed Yoritomo's order and headed for Kamakura City under the pretense of escorting Munemori and his son Kiyomune there, but was stopped at Koshigoe.
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）5月、命令に反して義経は宗盛・清宗父子を護送する名目で鎌倉市へ向かうが、腰越で止められてしまう。
English: Yoshitsune wrote his famous Koshigoe Letter and asked Yoritomo's forgiveness, but the following month he was sent off back to the capital with Munemori and his son in tow.
Japanese: 義経は腰越状を書いて頼朝へ許しを乞うが、同年6月に宗盛父子とともに京へ追い返されてしまう。
English: Thereafter, Yoshitsune did not obtain Yoritomo's forgiveness, and their faceoff grew worse, until in November, Yoshitsune went to attend the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, who issued an Imperial decree that Yoritomo be hunted down and killed, whereupon Yoshitsune raised an army, but was defeated.
Japanese: その後、義経が頼朝に許されることは無く、頼朝との対立が強まり、同年10月に後白河法皇に奏上して頼朝追討の宣旨を出させて挙兵するが失敗。
English: After this another Imperial decree was issued, yet this one was issued against him, commanding that Yoshitsune himself be hunted down; facing ruin, he fled to his Fujiwara ally in northern Japan, but in April, 1189, he was assassinated in the town of Hiraizumi.
Japanese: 逆に追討の宣旨を出されて没落して奥州藤原氏の元へ逃れるが、文治5年（1189年）閏4月に平泉町で殺された。
English: This battle marked the end of the 25-year political hegemony of the Taira clan (specifically, the relatives of Kiyomori in the Ise branch of the Taira clan).
Japanese: この戦いにより、平氏（伊勢平氏の平清盛一族）は25年にわたる平氏政権の幕を閉じた。
English: The victorious leader of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), Yoritomo clans, created the warrior-based Kamakura shogunate in the city of Kamakura.
Japanese: 勝利を収めた清和源氏の頭領・源頼朝は、鎌倉に鎌倉幕府を開き武家政権を確立させる。
English: Other military commanders who took part in the battle (all of whom were of the Taira clan): TAIRA no Tomomori, Tsunemori, Norimori, Noritsune, Sukemori, Arimori, Yukimori, Tokitada, Kiyomune, and Kagekiyo.
Japanese: 参加武将：平知盛・平経盛・平教盛・平教経・平資盛・平有盛・平行盛・平時忠・平清宗・平景清
English: This theory holds that the changing of the tides in the Kanmon straits held the key to victory or defeat.
Japanese: 関門海峡の潮の流れの変化が壇ノ浦の戦いの勝敗を決したと信じられている。
English: However, it goes without saying that the "Azuma kagami," which only describes the battle in a very simple, brief manner, doesn't mention the tides at all.
Japanese: しかし、潮流に関しては、合戦について簡潔にしか記していない『吾妻鏡』にはもちろん触れられていない。
English: The "Heike monogatari," a war chronicle, records that 'Since the tides at Monjigaseki and Dannoura flowed powerfully out, the Taira ships rode the tide and sallied forth.
Japanese: 軍記物語の『平家物語』では「門司関、壇ノ浦はたぎり落ちる汐なれば、平家の船は汐に逢って出て来たる。
English: The Minamoto ships had to push against the current,' thereby claiming that the tide was with the Taira and against the Minamoto as they fought, but still doesn't go so far as to say that the reversing of the tidal current's direction led to a reversal in the fortunes of the two sides.
Japanese: 源氏の船は汐に向かって押され」と記されており、平氏が追い潮、源氏が向かい潮で戦ったことは述べられているが、潮流が反転して戦況を転換させたとまでの筋立てにはなっていない。
English: The present well-known theory that the effect of the changing tides decided the battle was first advanced by Katsumi KUROITA, professor at Tokyo Imperial University, in his work entitled "The Legends of Yoshitsune" in 1914.
Japanese: 現在知られる合戦への潮流の影響は大正3年（1914年）に黒板勝美東京帝国大学教授が著書『義経伝』で提唱した説である。
English: Regarding the time the battle is thought to have taken place, the "Azuma kagami" has it as ending by the hour of the Horse (around noon), while the "Gyokuyo," the diary of the Kampaku (Chief Advisor) Kanemitsu KUJO, records it as beginning at noon and ending by the hour of the Monkey (around 4 PM).
Japanese: 合戦が行われた時間については『吾妻鏡』は午の刻（12時ごろ）に終わった記しており、一方、関白九条兼実の日記である『玉葉』には午の刻（12時ごろ）に始まり、申の刻（16時ごろ）に終わったと記されている。
English: Katsumi KUROITA's theory of the battle of Dannoura marked the first time such a theory had been verified by scientific data, and consequently was seen as very authoritative, leading to its widespread acceptance.
Japanese: 黒板勝美の説は壇ノ浦の戦いについて初めて科学的な検証を行ったものであり、最も権威のあるものとして定説化して広く信じられるようになった。
English: Depictions - including novels, sightseeing pamphlets and so forth, and of course TV dramas - that deal with this battle, and even history-related academic publications on the Gempei War (the war between the Minamoto and the Taira clans) all show the battle from the standpoint of KUROITA's changing tides theory.
Japanese: 小説、観光パンフレット類やテレビドラマはもちろん、源平合戦を扱った歴史関係書籍でもこの黒板説を元に壇ノ浦の戦いが記述されている。
English: Concerning KUROITA's theory, in recent years objections to it have surfaced; in 1990 the maritime historian Dr. Shozo KANASASHI ran a computer analysis of the tides on the day of the battle, and concluded that there was a neap tide that day, and thus that there could not have been a strong, swift current of eight knots, and moreover pointed out that the tidal study done in the Taisho period had been conducted at the narrowest point of the Kanmon straits (where it would have been impossible for more than 1000 ships to fight), concluding that in the spacious area of sea near Kanju and Manju islands, the tide was under one knot in speed and would have had no influence over the course of the battle.
Japanese: この黒板説については、近年になって反論が出され、海事史の金指正三博士は1990年に潮流のコンピュータ解析を行い、合戦の行われた日は小潮流の時期で、8ノットという早い潮流は無く、また大正時代に潮流を調査した場所は最も狭い早鞆瀬戸であり（ここで千艘以上の兵船で戦うことは不可能）、広い干珠島、満珠島辺りの海域では潮流は1ノット以下であり合戦に影響を与えるものではないとした。
English: A study conducted by the Japan Coast Guard also found that the current in the area east of the Kanmon straits, where the battle was fought, was under one knot.
Japanese: 海上保安庁の潮流の調査に基づいても、合戦の行われた早鞆瀬戸より東側の海域では1ノット以下という結果が出ている。
English: The naval historian Kenji ISHII also pointed out that if ships were riding the same current, their relative velocity would not change, and thus that the current had no effect on the course of the battle.
Japanese: 船舶史の石井謙治は同じ潮流に乗っている船の相対速度は変わらないので、潮流は合戦には影響しないと述べている。
English: And Yukihito IIJIMA, professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, criticized the changing tides theory by also asserting the view that tidal speed has no effect on the relative velocity of ships riding the same current.
Japanese: 飯島幸人東京商船大学名誉教授も船同士の相対運動に潮流は関係ないとして潮流説に否定的な見解を述べている。
English: And right from the outset, the view that, there being no reason to question what the "Azuma kagami" - the official record of the Kamakura Shogunate - claimed, the battle thus must have been fought in the morning and had ended by 12, is strong and deeply rooted.
Japanese: そもそも、鎌倉幕府の公式文書を使って編纂した『吾妻鏡』の記述を否定すべきではなく、『吾妻鏡』のとおり、合戦は午前に行われ午の刻（12時ごろ）に終わったとする説も根強い。
English: The entry in the "Azuma kagami" for the 24th day of the third month of Genryaku 2, which concerns the battle of Dannoura, states that 'Tokiko held the treasured Sword, and Lady Azechi reverently held Emperor Antoku close, and then they jumped together and sank away to the bottom of the sea.'
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』の壇ノ浦の戦いの元暦二年三月二十四日の条で「二位ノ尼は宝剣を持って、按察の局は先帝（安徳天皇）を抱き奉って、共に海底に没する。
English: Furthermore, after the battle, the entry for the eleventh day of the fourth month of Genryaku 2, which reports on those of the Taira faction that died in battle or were captured, also records that 'The Eight-Span Mirror and the Grand Jewels have arrived.
Japanese: また戦いの後の元暦二年四月十一日の条に戦いでの平氏方の戦死者、捕虜の報告に続いて「内侍所（八咫鏡）と神璽（八尺瓊勾玉）は御座すが。
English: In general, this seems to suggest that of the Imperial Regalia, the Sword was lost at one point at the battle of Dannoura.
Japanese: 」と記されており、一般的には三種の神器のうち天叢雲剣は壇ノ浦の戦いで一度失われていると考えられている。
English: This version of events is what is depicted in novels, TV dramas and so forth; in the 35th episode of NHK's Taiga drama "Yoshitsune" (2005), 'The deciding battle at DannoUra,' Keiko MATSUZAKA, playing the role of Tokiko, sinks into the sea holding Emperor Antoku and the Sword, clearly showing the Sword being lost at the bottom of the sea.
Japanese: 小説やテレビドラマなどでもこのように描かれており、2005年大河ドラマ『義経(NHK大河ドラマ)』の第35回「決戦・壇ノ浦」では松坂慶子扮する時子（二位の尼）が安徳天皇と天叢雲剣を抱いて海に没して、剣が海底に失われる描写がされている。
English: In 2005, as part of the Kadokawa anthology, Kazunori HISHINUMA (a researcher at Japan's National Museum of Japanese History) published a book entitled "MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's Battles and Strategies: the Legends and the Real Account;" in it, he advances the following theory.
Japanese: 菱沼一憲（国立歴史民俗博物館科研協力員）は著書『源義経の合戦と戦略その伝説と実像』（角川選書、2005年）で、この合戦について以下の説を述べている。
English: Yoshitsune, fresh off his victory at the battle of Okushima in March, 1185, spent a month resupplying and readying his army, and won over warriors possessing significant naval forces like Tsunenobu KANO and Masatoshi FUNATO as allies, establishing his control over the Seto Inland Sea.
Japanese: 文治元年（1185年）2月、屋島の戦いに勝利した義経は、1箇月かけて軍備を整えつつ河野通信や船所正利など水軍勢力を味方に引き入れ、瀬戸内海の制海権を握っていった。
English: Meanwhile, the Taira family, for whom Hikoshima was their only remaining stronghold, were unable to adequately resupply their troops with provisions and weapons.
Japanese: 一方、平家の残る拠点は彦島のみであり、兵糧・兵器の補充もままならない状況であった。
English: Both armies would probably have wanted to choose a time where they could navigate their ships as free of the influence of the tidal current as possible.
Japanese: 両軍とも、できるだけ潮流に左右されずに操船できる時間帯を選んだのであろう。
English: The Taira forces made the opening attack, in which they fired so many arrows they stopped the Kamakura forces in their tracks, and were more than holding their own in the battle, but once they ran out of arrows, they were attacked in turn by Yoshitsune's archers on sea, and Noriyori's archers on land, and the Taira were mowed down, starting with their boatmen and rowers, who lacked adequate defensive equipment.
Japanese: 平家方は序盤は鎌倉方が静まり返るほど矢を射かけて互角以上に戦っていたが、射尽すと逆に水上からは義経軍に、陸上からは範頼軍に射かけられるままとなり、防御装備の貧弱な水手・梶取たちから犠牲となっていった。
English: As a result of losing their oarsmen, the Taira ships could no longer control their movement, and seeing the Taira clan at such a disadvantage, many warlords flocked to switch sides and join the Kamakura forces.
Japanese: この結果、平家方の船は身動きが取れなくなり、平家方不利と見た諸将は鎌倉方に雪崩を打って寝返った。
English: A Taira defeat was inevitable after Noriyori's army took control of Kyushu and Yoshitsune's army of Shikoku, which let the Kamakura side retake control over the Seto Inland Sea and thus complete their encirclement and isolation of the last Taira stronghold.
Japanese: これは、範頼軍の九州制圧、義経軍の四国制圧、鎌倉方による瀬戸内海制海権の奪取という包囲・孤立化の完成に伴う必然的結末であった。
English: Gonancho (Second Southern Court) is a general term that refers to descendants of the Southern dynasty (Japan) lineage and their former retainers and their attempts to revive the Southern Court after the two Courts were unified in 1392, and to the political administrations and the members of the Imperial household who were involved.
Japanese: 後南朝（ごなんちょう）とは、1392年（元中9年/明徳3年）の南北朝合一後、南朝(日本)の再建を図った南朝の皇統の子孫や遺臣による南朝復興運動とそれによって樹立された政権、皇室の総称である。
English: This name was coined by the Confucian scholar Setsudo SAITO in the final days of the Edo period; until that time, there was no established term for such activities and groups.
Japanese: この名称は江戸時代末期に儒学者斎藤拙堂によって付けられたもので、それまで名称は特に決まっていなかった。
English: Moreover, the term "Gonancho (Second Southern Court)" didn't come into common use until after World War II, so up until then the term was not firmly established.
Japanese: また後南朝という呼び方も戦後広まったもので戦前までは定着してはいなかった。
English: Under the 'Meitoku Compromise,' an agreement reached when the Northern and Southern Courts were unified, the Imperial throne would alternate between candidates from the (Japanese) Northern dynasty (of the Gofukakusa lineage) and the Southern dynasty (of the Kameyama lineage), but in 1412 Emperor Gokomatsu of the Northern lineage broke precedent by enthroning his son Prince (Emperor) Shoko as his successor, in a bid to monopolize the Imperial throne for the Northern dynasty lineage, which provoked hostility among former Southern Court supporters.
Japanese: 南北朝合一時の約束「明徳の和約」では天皇は北朝(日本)系（持明院統）と南朝系（大覚寺統）から交代で出す（迭立）ことになっていたが、1412年（応永19年）に北朝系の後小松天皇の次代として後小松上皇の皇子称光天皇が即位したことをきっかけに、北朝系によって天皇位が独占されるようになったのに反抗して起こった。
English: In 1414 (Oei 21), the provincial governor of Ise province, Mitsumasa KITABATAKE - financial backer of the last Southern Court Emperor, Gokameyama, who had fled from Kyoto four years earlier and traveled incognito to Yoshino, as well as his son Prince Oguranomiya - raised an army in response, but after receiving an order from Gokameyama to subjugate the Muromachi Shogunate, a peace settlement was reached, and the Retired Emperor Gokameyama returned to Kyoto two years later.
Japanese: 1414年（応永21年）、4年前に京都を出奔して吉野に潜行していた南朝最後の天皇後亀山天皇とその皇子小倉宮を支持して伊勢国国司の北畠満雅が挙兵したが、室町幕府の討伐を受け和解、上皇は2年後に京に帰った。
English: In 1428, four years after Retired Emperor Gokameyama died, Emperor Shoko died without an heir, and consequently the principal Northern lineage came to an end.
Japanese: 後亀山上皇の死去から4年後の1428年（正長元年）、嗣子のなかった称光天皇が崩御したために北朝の嫡流は断絶した。
English: Retired Emperor Gokomatsu took this opportunity to select Prince Hikohito (Emperor Gohanazono) of the Fushiminomiya branch of the Northern lineage to be the successor; in response, the Gonancho faction, which now with the Northern dynasty's Imperial line extinct, he had expected that the Northern lineage would have lost its authority over matters of Imperial succession, vehemently opposed this decision.
Japanese: 後小松上皇が北朝の傍流である伏見宮家から彦仁王（後花園天皇）を後継者に選ぼうとしたことをきっかけに、北朝は皇統断絶して皇位継承権を失ったと考える南朝側は激しく反発する。
English: Once again, Mitsumasa KITABATAKE, who was supporting Prince Oguranomiya Seisho (the son of Tsuneatsu, himself Gokameyama's son and Imperial Prince), raised an army in Ise Province, but he was defeated in a battle with shogunal forces and died.
Japanese: 北畠満雅は再び小倉宮聖承（後亀山の皇子恒敦の王子）を担いで伊勢国で挙兵、幕府軍と戦って敗死した。
English: From the time of this incident onward, until the time of the Onin War, the descendants of the Southern Court and dynasty, taken in by various powerful anti-shogunate forces, continued acting intermittently against the Northern dynasty and the shogunate.
Japanese: この事件をはじめとして、応仁の乱に至るまで、南朝の子孫は反幕勢力に担がれて断続的に活動を続けた。
English: In 1443 (the third year of Kakitsu), Arimitsu HINO, from a branch of the Hino family, who was constantly talking of reviving the Southern Court, sent a force that was planning to assassinate Emperor Gohanazono to enter the Imperial Palace (the assassination attempt failed), where they stole two of the Three Imperial Regalia of Japan, the Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi (the heavenly cloud gathering sword) and the Yasakani no Magatama (the Grand Jewels) before fleeing to Mt. Hiei accompanied by Tsuzoshu and Gonzoshu, brothers of the Southern dynasty lineage (the grandchildren of Gokameyama's younger brother) in what became known as the Kinketsu Incident (or the Incident at the Forbidden Palace).
Japanese: 1443年（嘉吉3年）には、南朝復興を唱える日野氏傍流の日野有光らの勢力が後花園天皇の暗殺を企てて御所に乱入（暗殺は未遂）、三種の神器の天叢雲剣と八尺瓊勾玉を奪い、南朝皇族の通蔵主・金蔵主兄弟（後亀山の弟の孫）を担いで比叡山に逃れる「禁闕の変」を起こした。
English: Both princes are listed in later genealogies as being descendants of Oguranomiya, but there is no evidence for this in historical records of the day.
Japanese: 両王子は後世の系図では小倉宮の末裔とされているが、同時代史料に証拠はない。
English: The Gonancho forces gradually lost their power, and during the Onin War were labeled in historical records as descendants of Oguranomiya (in the "Daijoin temple and shrine records of miscellaneous matters" they are listed as offspring of Oguranomiya), while the son of Zenmonshu (Gatekeeper) OKAZAKI being welcomed in the capital's western district (this son was called "The Southern Emperor of the western district") by Sozen YAMANA is the last historical mention of them; after this point, they no longer appear in historical records.
Japanese: 後南朝は次第に勢力を失い、応仁の乱において小倉宮の末裔（『大乗院寺社雑事記』には小倉宮の子孫との記述あり）と称し、岡崎前門主という人物の息子が山名宗全により洛中の西陣に迎えられた（これを「西陣の南帝」と呼ぶ）との記録を最後に、歴史上にあらわれなくなった。