nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Clothes worn by the Yayoi people can only be inferred from an article 'Gishiwajinden' included in part of 'Toiden' of the book 'Gisho' written in China.
Japanese: 中国で書かれた『魏書』東夷伝の一部の「魏志倭人伝」によって推測されているのみである。
English: According to the description of the Gishiwajinden, Wajin, the Japanese people of those days, simply wore wide cloths secured by broad sashes.
Japanese: 魏志倭人伝の記述によると、倭人の着物は幅広い布を結び合わせているだけとある。
English: Incidentally, as 'Gishiwajinden' is a description of Wakoku, which is the name of Japan used by ancient China, and the people of Wakoku, it is highly possible that the article was about a country that once existed in the Japanese islands.
Japanese: なお、「魏志倭人伝」は、倭国（日本の古代中国での呼び名）と倭国の人々についての記述であることから、昔日本列島に存在した国に関する記述である可能性が高い。
English: Only the "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" the oldest chronicles written in the Japanese islands as well as "Fudoki" were available as historical sources for the Kofun period, i.e., until the middle seventh century.
Japanese: 7世紀の中頃までについては、日本列島で書かれた最古の歴史書である『古事記』および『日本書紀』、そして『風土記』のみが、この時代の歴史学上の資料となっている。
English: As for archeological materials, only hollow clay figures provide a clue to infer the clothes worn during the Kofun period.
Japanese: 考古学資料としては、埴輪だけが、古墳時代の衣服を知る上での手がかりになる。
English: Based on the materials, it is supposed that clothes for both female and male were separated into two parts for the upper half of the body and the lower half of the body.
Japanese: これらの資料から、男女ともに、上半身を覆う服と、下半身を覆う服の2つに分かれていたと推測されている。
English: But as neither "Kojiki" nor "Nihonshoki" provide designs of clothes, and few source materials about the periods remain, clothes during the Kofun period are mostly unknown.
Japanese: しかし『古事記』と『日本書紀』に服の図は書かれていないし、現存する当時の資料が極めて少ないため、わからないことが多い。
English: In 603, in Japan, Prince Shotoku established twelve court ranks to distinguish superior officials by twelve colors of their caps.
Japanese: 603年に、聖徳太子が、すぐれた人を評価する冠位十二階を定めて、役人の位階によって冠の色を分けて、役人を区別した。
English: Only "Nihonshoki" describes the period when the twelve court ranks were established, but does not mention the relationship between the colors and ranks.
Japanese: ただし、『日本書紀』に冠位十二階を定めたときの記述があるものの、その記述中には、それを定めたときにどの位階にどの色を使って区別したのかが書かれていない。
English: From 1972, the study started on the inside wall paintings of the Takamatsuzuka Tomb considered to have been painted from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century.
Japanese: 7世紀末から8世紀初めに作られた高松塚古墳の壁画が1972年から研究された。
English: This wall painting show the only figures that depict people during the Asuka period.
Japanese: 飛鳥時代の人々の姿が描かれたもので現在も残っているのは、高松塚古墳の壁画だけである。
English: Male and female figures in the wall paintings and the description in the "Nihonshoki" were the only archaeological sources on clothes during the Asuka period.
Japanese: その壁画の一部に描かれていた男子と女子の絵と、『日本書紀』の記述が、飛鳥時代の衣服の考古学上の資料である。
English: According to the report from the scholars, all the figures in the wall paintings of the Takamatsuzuka Tomb, both male and female, wear their clothes with right side over the left.
Japanese: 現在の研究者たちの報告によると、高松塚古墳の壁画の人物像では、男女ともに全ての衿の合わせ方が左衽（さじん）、つまり左前だったという。
English: In the figures, the garments worn on the upper part of the body hang out over the garments for the lower part of the body.
Japanese: その壁画では、上半身を覆う服の裾が、下半身を覆う服と体の間に入っていないで、外に出て垂れ下がっているという。
English: The major sources available to study clothes during the Nara period are documents that include "Ryo-no-gige" (the colleted commentaries on the Ryo code with the efficacy of law) and "Ryo-no-shuge" (the colleted commentaries on the Ryo code without the efficacy of law) and "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and "Nihongi Ryaku" (Summary of Japanese Chronologies), and the materials kept in the facilities like the Shosoin Treasure House.
Japanese: 令義解、令集義解、『続日本紀』（しょくにほんぎ）、『日本紀略』（にほんぎりゃく）などの書物と、正倉院などに現在残っている資料が、奈良時代の衣服について研究するための主要な資料である。
English: Both of the Taiho Ritsuryo Code promulgated in 701 and the Yoro Ritsuryo Code, a revised edition of the Taiho Ritsuryo Code, promulgated in 718 contain the clothing codes.
Japanese: 701年に制定された大宝律令と、大宝律令を改めて718年に制定された養老律令には、衣服令が含まれていた。
English: The Yoro Ritsuryo Code does not remain today either, but contents of the code can be inferred from the "Ryo-no-gige" and "Ryo-no-shuge."
Japanese: 養老律令も現在残っていないが、令義解と令集義解から養老律令の内容が推定されている。
English: The clothing codes in the Taiho Ritsuryo Code and the Yoro Ritsuryo Code prescribed the clothes that should be worn in the Imperial Court as the formal clothing worn by the court nobles in the Imperial Court called 'Raifuku,' the clothing worn by the court nobles in the Imperial Court called 'Chofuku,' and the uniforms.
Japanese: 大宝律令と養老律令の衣服令により、朝廷で着る服が定義され、礼服(宮中)（らいふく）、朝服（ちょうふく）、制服が定められた。
English: According to the clothing code in the Yoro Ritsuryo Code, formal clothing during the Nara period was worn to attend important religious services, the Imperial Enthronement Ritual called Daijosai or Ooname no matsuri, and on New Year's Day.
Japanese: 養老律令の衣服令によると、奈良時代の礼服は、重要な祭祀、大嘗祭（おおなめのまつり、だいじょうさい）、元旦のときに着る服である。
English: According to the clothing code in the Yoro Ritsuryo Code, Chofuku were worn to attend the government meeting called 'Chokai' that was held once a month in a open court and when the court nobles does things called 'Kuji.'
Japanese: 養老律令の衣服令によると、朝服は、毎月一回、当時朝庭と呼ばれた場所で朝会と呼ばれるまつりごとをするときと、当時公事と呼ばれたことを行なうときに着る服である。
English: It is considered that Chofuku for military officers were secured by leather belts.
Japanese: 武官の朝服には、ウエストを固定するための革のベルトがあったと考えられている。
English: Uniforms during the Nara period were for the government officials, who did not have any privileged status, to wear them when performing official duty.
Japanese: 奈良時代の制服は、特別な地位にない官人が朝廷の公事を行なうときに着る服であるという説がある。
English: The clothing codes in the Taiho Ritsuryo Code and the Yoro Ritsuryo Code do not prescribe clothing for the common people who had nothing to do with the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 大宝律令と養老律令の衣服令は、朝廷と関わりのない庶民の衣服については定めていない。
English: According to the clothing code of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code, the forms and colors of Raifuku, Chofuku, and uniforms differ to differentiate each status and official position.
Japanese: 養老律令の衣服令によると、礼服・朝服・制服の形式・色彩は、それぞれの地位や役職によって違うものだった。
English: According to the clothing code of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code, Raifuku and Chofuku for military officers were prescribed to ware garments called 'Iou.'
Japanese: 養老律令の衣服令によると、武官の礼服と朝服の規定に、位襖（いおう）が含まれていた。
English: According to the scholars, the Iou were made of different colored clothing to differentiate ranks.
Japanese: 研究者達により、位襖は、地位によって違う色を使った襖（おう）であることがわかっている。
English: According to "Koki" (Ancient records), Ou were clothes with the underarm parts of the sleeves open and the part covering the body was not layered.
Japanese: 『古記』によると、襖とは、襴（らん）がなく、腋線の部分を縫わない服である。
English: A form of clothes called 'Ketteki no ho' made in the later period is the same as Ou in that its underarm parts of the sleeves were made open and the part covering the body was not layered.
Japanese: 後の時代に闕腋の袍（けってきのほう）と呼ばれる服とこの時代の襖は、襴がない点と、腋線の部分を縫わない点が、共通している。
English: It is considered that Raifuku for civil officers included layered clothing during 718 when the Yoro Ritsuryo Code was promulgated.
Japanese: 養老律令が制定された718年の時点で、文官の礼服を構成する物の中に、襴がついた服があったと推定されている。
English: Layered clothing for civil officers might have been the origin of clothes called 'Hoeki no ho' made in the later period.
Japanese: 文官の襴がついた服は、後の時代に縫腋の袍と呼ばれる服の原形であろうといわれている。
English: Many theories state that the clothes were worn with the left side folded over the right in the mainland China during those days.
Japanese: この頃の中国大陸では襟の合わせ方は右前（右衽）だったという説が多い。
English: In "Shoku Nihongi," there is a description of a policy carried out during 719 that contains the sentence '初令天下百姓右襟.'
Japanese: 『続日本紀』（しょくにほんぎ）によると、719年に行なった政策の記述の中に「初令天下百姓右襟」という文がある。
English: The sentence means that all people should wear clothes with the left side over the right.
Japanese: 「初令天下百姓右襟」の意味は、全ての人々は衿の合わせ方を右前（右衽）にしなさい、という意味である。
English: The train of the clothes were gradually shortened to be a pleated skirt, and that was finally abolished, which means the Female clothes became one-piece.
Japanese: 裳（も）は徐々に短くなり袴へと転化、やがて無くなった（女子服飾のワンピース化）。
English: During the Edo period, the clothes were further simplified and 'Kamishimo' that is the combination of a sleeveless jacket called 'Kataginu' and trousers called 'Hakama' appeared.
Japanese: 江戸時代になると一層簡略化され、肩衣（かたぎぬ）と袴（はかま）とを組み合わせた裃（かみしも）が用いられた。
English: As theatrical performances including Kabuki became popular and players clothing were printed in colored woodblock prints, the common people began to wear more luxurious clothes.
Japanese: 歌舞伎などの芝居が流行し、錦絵や浮世絵で役者の服飾が紹介されると、庶民の装いは更に絢爛豪華なものとなった。
English: From the Confucian perspective, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) tried to cope with the trend by promulgating the ordinance of frugality, but the common people's craze for clothing was not suppressed and, influenced by the tea ceremony, they sought to wear subdued, but expensive clothes.
Japanese: これに対して幕府は、儒教的価値観から倹約令にて度々規制しようとしたが、庶民の服飾への情熱は収まらず、茶道の影響もあって、見た目は地味だが実は金のかかっているものを好むようになった。
English: As Japan implemented the seclusion policy and raw silk was no longer imported from abroad, most of the raw silk consumed domestically was produced in Japan.
Japanese: 鎖国政策により、国外から絹を輸入しなくなったため、日本で使用される絹のほとんどは国産のものとなった。
English: During the Edo period, some of the common people wore kimono made of relatively low-priced silk, but when the great famine of 1783 to 1788 occurred, the Edo bakufu forbade the common people from wearing any silk products in 1785.
Japanese: 江戸時代に絹でありながら比較的安価なちりめんを着用する庶民もいたが、1783年から1788年頃にかけて天明の大飢饉が発生したため、幕府は1785年に庶民が絹製品を着用することを禁止した。
English: In 1864 when the Edo bakufu raised the army of the punitive expedition of Choshu Domain on the pretext of the skirmish at the Kinmon Gate, the bakufu decided to make a Western style military uniform for the army, and a merchant Jihei MORITA in Kodenmacho in Edo undertook the order and managed to tailor 2,000 military uniforms by trial and error.
Japanese: 1864年には、禁門の変を理由に長州征伐の兵を挙げた幕府が、その時の軍服を西洋式にすることを決め、小伝馬町の商人である守田治兵衛が2000人分の軍服の製作を引き受け、試行錯誤しながらも作り上げた。
English: Those was the first Western clothes mass-produced in Japan as far as recorded.
Japanese: 日本においての洋服の大量生産は、記録に残る限りこれが最初だといわれる。
English: During the Meiji period, backed by government measures to promote industry, modern silk spinning mills were constructed, which further increased the production of silk.
Japanese: 明治時代になると、政府の産業育成の動きも手伝って、近代的な絹の紡績工場が建設され、絹の生産量が一層高まった。
English: As Japan opened the country and trade with countries abroad grew, the export of silk yarn and silk products accounted for a major part of the total amount of export; Japan began to be regarded as the world's silk supplier.
Japanese: 日本は開国したため国外との貿易が発展し、絹糸（生糸）と絹製品の輸出額は全輸出額のうち大きな割合をしめ、世界的に日本は絹の生産地とみなされるようになった。
English: As the mass-production of silk began, the price of silk was no longer much higher than other products.
Japanese: 絹糸の大量生産にともなって、絹は他の商品と比べてそれほど高価ではなくなった。
English: The finished silk textile was further processed by the developed Yuzen dyeing technique, which could create new patterns.
Japanese: 出来上がった生地は染色技術の発達により二次加工され、いままでにない友禅文様が可能になった。
English: Silk textiles with Komonzome small dyed motifs had still been in fashion since the Edo period, which became popular to make into traditional best clothes; on the other hand, textiles woven with pre-dyed threads known as Shima stripe and Kasuri splash patterns were also popular.
Japanese: 絹の小紋染めの流行は、江戸時代から引き続き、伝統的な晴着として大いに人気を集めたが、あらかじめ先染めの糸で文様を織り出した縞や絣も好まれた。
English: Since the Meiji period, the nobles and people who frequently meet Westerners were relatively early to accustomed themselves to wear Western clothes.
Japanese: 明治時代以降、華族や西洋人と接する機会の多かった人々の間では比較的早く洋服が定着した。
English: It is considered that leading political figures wore Western clothes to show that Japan was committed to absorb advanced science and technology from the Western countries and modernize the country as a gesture in order to be advantageous in talks with the Western countries.
Japanese: 政府の要人の場合は、洋服を着ることにより、日本が西欧の進んだ科学技術を学び近代化をめざす意欲を西洋の外国人にアピールし、交渉などを有利に進める目的があったといわれている。
English: On the other hand, the common people kept the traditional habit and customs handed down from the Edo period because Western clothes were still too expensive for them and because they highly valued or cared for the traditional sense of beauty.
Japanese: 庶民は、洋服がまだ高価だったことや、伝統への美意識やこだわりなどから江戸時代以来の生活の様式を保持し続けた。
English: When clothing and accessories were imported from the Western countries, western clothes were gradually produced in Japan.
Japanese: 西洋からの服飾の輸入がなされ、間もなく日本国内でも洋服がつくられるようになった。
English: The Japanese people collectively called traditional Japanese clothing 'Kimono,' i.e., the word 'Kimono' originally meant 'things to wear."
Japanese: 以前は日本在来の衣服を「着物」と呼んでいたが、もともと着物には服という意味しかない。
English: In order to differentiate the clothes that had been called 'Kimono' from the western clothes, the word 'Wafuku' was coined.
Japanese: そこで洋服と区別するために、以前「着物」と呼んでいた服を「和服」と呼ぶようになった。
English: In the early period of wearing Western clothes, the Japanese people used to rent them from clothes rental shops.
Japanese: 洋服が登場し始めた頃は、貸衣装屋から洋服を借りて着用するのが普通だった。
English: During the Meiji period, western clothes were mainly worn by men as their street clothes and formal clothing, and they wore Japanese clothes in daily life.
Japanese: 明治時代には洋服は主に男性の外出着や礼服であり、日常はほとんど和服が使われた。
English: Even the scale was small, western clothes rental shops and shops dealing with western clothes were gradually opened across Japan.
Japanese: 小規模ながらも各地に洋服の貸し出し店や洋服販売店ができるようになった。
English: Since 1871 when the Imperial instruction to make western style uniforms for the army and government officials was issued (Grand Council Proclamations No. 399), police officers, railway workers, and teachers adapted western clothes as their working clothes.
Japanese: 1871年に陸軍や官僚の制服を西洋風に改めることを定めた天皇の勅諭（太政官布告399号「爾今禮服ニハ洋服ヲ採用ス」）が発せられた以後、警官・鉄道員・教員などが順次服装を西洋化していった。
English: Males were required to wear military uniforms that had been already westernized then.
Japanese: 男性は、軍隊では軍服の着用が義務づけられたが、このときの軍服は洋服である。
English: Stiff collar western clothes designed based on the army military uniform were adopted as male student uniforms.
Japanese: また陸軍の軍服を規範につくられた詰め襟の洋服である学生服が男子学生の制服として採用された。
English: During the Meiji and Taisho periods, a style of wearing a pleated skirt over kimono was popular among female students as their daily clothes both inside and outside of school.
Japanese: 明治・大正時代に学校の内外で女学生が日常的に着る服として、女性用の袴を好んで着用し、女学生の袴姿が流行した。
English: This style took hold in Japanese culture, and the style is still popular among female students as a formal dress to attend entrance and graduation ceremonies.
Japanese: これが日本文化として定着し、現在でも、入学式・卒業式などで、袴を正装の一部として好んで着用する女学生がいる。
English: During the period, female students generally wore Japanese clothes except for the nobles and teachers of female students; but from the latter half of the Taisho period, increasing number of schools adopt sailor suits as their school uniforms to replaced the pleated skirt style.
Japanese: 女性は華族や女子教育にあたる教員など一部を除きもっぱら和服であったが、大正時代後期から、女学校の制服にそれまでの袴に代えて洋服であるセーラー服が採用される例が増える。
English: Some women affirmed that Japanese women should wear western clothes and started campaigns for that purpose.
Japanese: 日本の女性の衣服を洋服に変えていこうと主張・運動する女性たちがいた。
English: In the Daily Life Improvement Lectures held from May 4 to 11, 1922, Hamako TSUKAMOTO gave a lecture titled 'Improvement of clothing,' in which she said as follows.
Japanese: 1922年5月4日から11日までに開かれた生活改善講習会において、塚本はま子は「衣服の改善」という題の講習の中で、述べた。
English: 'We should thoroughly change our clothing to make it more beautiful, convenient, and economical to match our Modern lifestyle.'
Japanese: 「現代社会に適合した美的且つ便利、経済的な改善を斬新的に行なっていくこと。」
English: Takako KAETSU (1867 - 1949) wrote "Keizaikaizen Korekara no Saiho" in 1922 published from Nihon Fukuso Kaizenkai Shuppanbu, in the preface of which she wrote 'In my opinion, the goal of improvement of Japanese clothing should be Western clothing or something close to Western clothing.'
Japanese: 嘉悦孝子(1867-1949)が『經濟改善是からの裁縫』（けいざいかいぜんこれからのさいほう）（日本服装改善会出版部、1922年）の序文で「私は日本服装改善の到達点は、洋服か洋服に近いものであらうと存じます」と書いた。
English: When the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923, a great number of women in Japanese clothing were victimized because of the nature of Japanese clothing that restricts movement of the body; in the next year 1924, 'Tokyo Women and Children Clothing Association' started, and since then, clothing for Japanese women has been westernized.
Japanese: 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かったことから、翌1924年に「東京婦人子供服組合」が発足し、女性の服装にも西洋化が進むことになる。
English: Japanese clothing, which originated from Han Chinese traditional ethnic clothing, currently has the closest design to the Chinese Hanfu clothing, the ethnic clothing of the Han race.
Japanese: なお、もともと中国漢民族の民族服にルーツをもつ和服は、漢民族の民族服である漢服にもっとも近いデザインの衣服である。
English: For this reason, part of the Chinese who fled the Qing Dynasty for Japan and engaged in revolutionary movement against the Qing Dynasty around 1900 during the Meiji period always wore Japanese clothing instead of Hanfu to show their resistance as the Han race against the Qing Dynasty that was ruled by the Manchurians.
Japanese: そのため、明治期の1900年ごろ、清の朝廷から逃れて日本で革命運動をしていた中国人活動家の中には、満州族が支配する清朝に対する漢民族の抵抗のシンボルの一つとして、漢服の代用品として、和服を愛用した活動家も多かった。
English: (The Chinese clothing Quipao, currently known as one-piece Chinese dress for women and Kung Fu suits appear in Kung Fu Films starring famous stars including Bruce Lee, originated in the ethnic clothing of the Manchurians.)
Japanese: (現在、チャイナドレスやブルース・リーなどのカンフー映画で知られる中国服旗袍は本来は満州族の民族服である。）
English: (The Manchurians, as the ruling class, forced the Han race to wear them.)
Japanese: （支配階級である満州族が被支配階級である漢民族に強制した歴史がある。）
English: From 1881 to around 1945, female pupils in Japanese elementary schools learned hand-sewing to make Wafuku in class at a certain grade.
Japanese: 1881年から1945年頃まで、日本の小学校の女性の生徒は、ある学年になると、和服などの服飾を作るための裁縫を授業で学んだ。
English: The purpose of this hand-sewing class was neither to make them professional sewers nor to train them as tailors working in factories.
Japanese: この裁縫の教育の目的は、裁縫の専門家を育てるためではなく、また、女性が工場で裁縫の仕事ができるような技術を身につけるためでもなかった。
English: The purpose of this hand-sewing class was to teach them basic Japanese hand-sewing so they can sew clothes for themselves and their families, which was encouraged in those days.
Japanese: この裁縫の教育の目的は、女性が家庭で自身や家族の衣服の裁縫ができるように、女性に和裁としての裁縫の基本的な技術を教えることであり、強く奨励された。
English: In 1935, DuPont in USA succeeded in synthesizing a fiber called Nylon.
Japanese: 1935年にアメリカ合衆国のデュポン社が、ナイロンという化学繊維を合成することに成功した。
English: As Nylon was a fiber that substituted silk, the Japanese export of silk yarn and silk products started to decrease.
Japanese: ナイロンは絹の代替品として使われたため、対外的な日本の絹糸・絹製品の輸出は減っていった。
English: In 1938, a magazine "Fujin Koron" hosted a design contest for female clothes in emergency.
Japanese: 1938年、『婦人公論』の誌上で、非常時女子服のコンテストが行なわれた。
English: From November 14 to December 10, 1939, the Japanese government collected designs from the public for male civilian clothing in competition for a prize.
Japanese: 1939年11月14日から1939年12月10日まで、日本政府は男性用の国民服の様式の案を広く一般から懸賞をつけて募集した。
English: After that, on July 6, 1940, Limitation Rules on Manufacturing and Selling of Luxury Items and so forth was promulgated, and enacted on July 7 in the same year, and known as the '7.7 prohibitory decree.'
Japanese: その後、1940年7月6日、が公布され、同年7月7日に、施行される（通称「七・七禁令」）。
English: Textiles with 'Eba-gara' pattern, embroidery, woven with gold and silver threads, expensive pongee fabric and the like were classified into luxury items and were prohibited.
Japanese: 絵羽柄のもの、刺繍、金銀糸を使用したもの、紬でも高価なもの等が贅沢品とされ、禁止される。
English: On November 2, 1940, the Japanese government promulgated the National Uniform Edict as a kind of law.
Japanese: 1940年11月2日に日本政府は、国民服令という勅令（法律の一種）を施行した。
English: The National Uniform Edict did not mention clothes other than formal clothing for males.
Japanese: 国民服令は、男性用の正装の衣服以外の衣服については全く言及していない。
English: According to the edict, the national uniform was prepared two in types called 'Kogo' and 'Otsugo.'
Japanese: 国民服令の内容によると、国民服には「甲号」と「乙号」の2つのタイプがあった。
English: For each; Kogo and Otsugo national uniforms, designs were defined for 'Joi' or outer clothing and 'Chui' or middle clothing, 'Hakama,' which was the same word as trousers worn over Kimono, but collectively meant clothing for the lower half of the body, 'cap,' 'overcoat,' 'gloves,' and 'shoes.'
Japanese: 国民服の甲号と乙号のそれぞれについて、「上衣」、「中衣」、「袴」（国民服令でいう袴は、下半身を覆う服の総称）、「帽」（帽子のこと）、「外套」（「がいとう」と読み、オーバーコートのこと）、「手套」（「しゅとう」と読み、手袋のこと）、「靴」の様式が決められた。
English: Both types had straight sleeves and buttons to secure the front, which means that the national uniform prescribed in the National Uniform Edict was not Wafuku.
Japanese: 全てのタイプの国民服は筒袖であり、ボタンで布を固定させるので、国民服令の国民服は和服ではない。
English: In the National Uniform Edict, the combinations of the clothes were strictly prescribed for occasions requiring full dress, i.e., for wearing the national uniform as formal clothing to attend ceremonies.
Japanese: 国民服令では、「礼装」をする場合、つまり儀式などで礼服を着る場合は、国民服の様式が細かく定められた。
English: For the full dress Kogo type national uniform, it was specified that 'brown' should be selected for all of Joi, 'Hakama' that seemed like trousers, cap, and overcoat.
Japanese: 国民服の甲号で礼装する場合、上衣、「袴」（形は洋服のズボン）、帽子、外套の全ての色が「茶褐色」と決められた。
English: For occasions other than requiring full dress with the Kogo type national uniform, it was specified that only Joi and 'Hakama' should be brown and other clothes were specified as 'discretionary.'
Japanese: 礼装しない場合の国民服の甲号では、上衣と「袴」だけが茶褐色であり、他の部分の色は「適宜」とだけ指定された。
English: As Chui part the national uniform was not an undershirt, people could appear in public in only Chui without wearing Joi.
Japanese: 国民服の中衣は肌着・下着ではないので、上衣を脱いだ状態でも外出できた。
English: For the full dress Kogo type national uniform, the peaked cap should be selected, and for other occasions, it was specified as 'discretionary.'
Japanese: 国民服の甲号の帽子は、礼装する場合は、ひさしがついた烏帽子型とされ、礼装しない場合は「適宜」とされた。
English: For full dress with Otsugo type cap, the army forage cap may be worn, but other caps may be worn, and for other occasions it was specified as 'discretionary.'
Japanese: 国民服の乙号の帽子は、礼装する場合は、陸軍略帽型でもいいが他の帽子でもかまわないとされ、礼装しない場合は「適宜」とされた。
English: According to the National Uniform Edict, the national uniform was defined as full dress and formal clothing, and that should be worn on occasions requiring a person to wear a jacket.
Japanese: 国民服令によると、国民服は、正装かつ礼服であり、背広を着るような場面で着る服だと決められた。
English: As it was decided that the national uniform was full dress by the National Uniform Edict, men wore the national full dress uniform at wedding ceremonies as a bridegroom or when attending a funeral ceremony.
Japanese: 国民服令により国民服が正装であると決められたので、結婚式で新郎が正装するときや葬式に出席するときは、男性は国民服で礼装した。
English: Private companies mass-produced national uniforms in their factories, and a great number of the national uniforms were distributed among the people.
Japanese: 民間業者が工場で国民服を大量生産し、国民服配給会社が国民服を大量に配給した。
English: Some of the rich people had the national uniform custom tailored to fit.
Japanese: 裕福な男性の中には個々の体型に合わせて採寸して国民服が仕立てられたこともあった。
English: The Great Japan National Uniform Association, an organization for spreading the national uniform among the people, published and distributed a periodical "Kokuminfuku."
Japanese: 国民服の日本国民への普及を目的とする、大日本国民服協会は、『国民服』という定期刊行物を出版、配布した。
English: Until the end of war in 1945, all the male clothes produced were national uniforms, and as there had been a sign of preparation for the mainland battle, an increasing number of men were obliged to wear the national uniforms.
Japanese: 1945年の終戦までの間、生産される男性用の衣服は国民服ばかりになっていたうえ、本土決戦の機運が高まり、強制されなくても国民服を着ざるをえない男性が増えていった。
English: Until 1942, the then Ministry of Health and Welfare held a social gathering and a study meeting for studying the improvement of female clothing in those days.
Japanese: 1942年までに日本の当時の厚生省は、当時の女性用の衣服の改善方法を研究する目的で、懇談会・研究会を開いた。
English: In 1942, the Ministry of Health and Welfare announced a new form of female standard clothing.
Japanese: 1942年に厚生省は、女性用の新しい様式の服を婦人標準服と名付けて発表した。
English: Only the administrative official document remained on the standard female clothing as an Understanding of the Vice Minister Meeting 'Regarding the standard female clothing' written prior to prescribing the standard female clothing.
Japanese: 婦人標準服に関して行政上の公的な文書として残ったのは、婦人標準服を定める前に書かれた次官会議諒解事項「婦人標準服制定に関する件」だけである。