nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: At first, Gesshi AKINO got his training at Imasawa school, a lineage of Daitokuji school which had been inherited by the karo family of Owari Tokugawa family.
Japanese: はじめ、秋野月紫は尾張徳川家家老家に伝わる大徳寺派の流れをくむ今沢流で修行をした。
English: Subsequently, when the head of Imasawa school died and the school itself ceased to exist, he continued training himself of the tea ceremony at Omotesenke school, Dainihon Chado Gakkai (Japan Association of the Tea Ceremony) and other schools.
Japanese: 後に今沢流の家元がなくなり、茶道の流派としては消滅したので、表千家・大日本茶道学会といった流派を移りながら稽古することになった。
English: Eventually, he set up a new school of the tea ceremony following an advise of a councilor of Omotesenke school that he had better cultivate his own way of the tea ceremony.
Japanese: 結局、表千家の顧問から「自分でやったほうがいいだろう」といわれ、流派をひらいた。
English: Even after the decease of the first head, practices of his school are continued mainly by his daughter and disciples with other followers of the school at army posts of the Self-Defense Forces and other classes.
Japanese: 初代の死後も、その娘や弟子を中心に自衛隊駐屯所や一般教室にて習流が続く。
English: Koho MISHOSAI (1791- August, 1861) was a Japanese expert of flower arrangement.
Japanese: 未生斎広甫（みしょうさい　こうほ、寛政3年（1791年）-文久元年（1861年）7月）は、日本の華道家。
English: He was born in Doi village of Tajima Province (current Kasumi-cho [former Kinosaki-gun], Hyogo Prefecture) in 1791.
Japanese: 寛政3年（1791年）に但馬国土居村（現兵庫県香住町（旧城崎郡））で生まれる。
English: His father was Kyusuke UEDA, a son of Kyuzaemon UEDA who also boasted his prosperity as shoya.
Japanese: 父親は、同じく庄屋として栄華を誇った上田九左衛門兼重の息子上田九助。
English: In 1805, Ueda family received a visit of Ippo MISHOSAI who would later establish Misho school of flower arrangement in collaboration with Koho MISHOSAI.
Japanese: 文化(元号)2年（1805年）に、後に共同で未生流を開く事となる未生斎一甫が上田家を訪れる。
English: There, Ippo acknowledged an accomplishment of Koho and determined to take him to Osaka, Settsu Province.
Japanese: そこで一甫は広甫の芸道を見出し、摂津国大阪に連れて行く事を決意した。
English: After becoming the second head of Misho school, Koho was assigned to a responsible post for flower arrangement services at Daikaku-ji Temple (current Daikaku-ji Temple) in 1829.
Japanese: 未生流二代目当主を引き継いた後、文政12年（1829年）に大覚寺（現大覚寺）の華道を職とする花務職に任命される。
English: Being ardently asked by Emperor Uda, he devoted himself to disseminate 'Saga Goryu' school of flower arrangement, so that 'Saga Goryu' became well-known all over the country.
Japanese: そこで宇多天皇から「嵯峨御流」の普及を懇願され、積極的に普及に取り組み、「嵯峨御流」は全国的に知られる事となった。
English: It was founded by Ippo MISHOSAI and Koho MISHOSAI in 1807 in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 江戸時代後期の文化(元号)4年（1807年）に未生斎一甫と未生斎広甫によって創設される。
English: It was during the age of Kasei Culture when the culture of merchant class people greatly flourished at the time of the school's establishment, and Misho school that was founded by Ippo MISHOSAI attracted many disciples and made a great progress.
Japanese: 創設された当時は町人文化が大いに発達した化政文化の時代であり、未生斎一甫が開いた未生流の元に沢山の弟子が集まり、未生流は発達した。
English: Subsequently for a long period of time, including some recessions, the 'Misho school' developed its activities mainly in the Kansai region and became popular over the western part of Japan.
Japanese: その後長い年月を経て、衰退した時期もあったが、関西地方を中心に活動を行い、西日本全体に「未生流」は知れ渡った。
English: In the period of modern Showa, the school had boasted its prosperity before the World War II, but was then forced to decline during the wartime.
Japanese: 近代昭和の時代になると、戦前までは栄華を誇ったが、第二次世界大戦に巻き込まれ衰退。
English: During the initial stage of practicing the flower arrangement, Ippo MISHOSAI, the founder of Misho school, formed a core of its basic philosophy associated with the religious concepts of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
Japanese: 未生流の創始者である未生斎一甫は、当初華道を行う中で、儒教・老荘思想・仏教の宗教的観念を根本的思想にした。
English: And then, the philosophy was succeeded by later generations into the thought that people may tranquilize their minds by practicing the flower arrangement.
Japanese: そして、華道をする事によって、自らの心を安定させるというのが思想として受け継がれている。
English: One of techniques Misho school has adopted is to arrange flowers in the shape of an isosceles right triangle.
Japanese: 未生流の華道技法には、直角二等辺三角形の形を象って華道をするという技法がある。
English: And the school is characterized by its own style of flower arrangement with intent to express a religious concept that the world is composed of 'heaven, earth and human being.'
Japanese: そして、宗教観念を取り入れ、世界を形成する万物である「天地人」を意識した生け花が特徴的である。
English: Ippo MISHOSAI (1761 - 1824) was a Japanese flower arrangement expert.
Japanese: 未生斎一甫（みしょうさい　いっぽ、宝暦11年（1761年）-文政7年（1824年））は、日本の華道家。
English: Homekotoba refers to words of praise to be uttered or shouted to applaud playactors of Kabuki play on stage.
Japanese: ほめことばは、歌舞伎で、役者をほめたたえるために発し、投げかけられることばである。
English: There were two cases where homekotoba were used; one case being for a player on stage to make a compliment to a newly appearing player, and another case being for some audience to shout applause to a player on stage.
Japanese: 舞台上のある役者が、あらたに登場してくる役者をほめる場合と、舞台上で演技中の役者に観客席の観客が投げかける場合とがあった。
English: In the first case, script writers began to put 'homekotoba' as a part of script and let a player speak them to praise the costar for his attractive visage, from before the Tenna era (1681-1683) or around Genroku era (1688-1703).
Japanese: 前者は、天和(日本)以前から、あるいは元禄ころから、作者は脚本の一部に「ほめことば」を挿入し、役者の口から、共演役者の容貌的な魅力をほめさせたものである。
English: Quoting from 'Zoku-Jijinshu' (a sequel of collection of commentary discourses), an actor of female roles praises the first appearance of a young leading player as follows:
Japanese: 「続耳塵集」にある、若立役の出端を女形がほめる言葉を引けば、次のようになる。
English: Oh! Oh! How amorous his standing pose is, with his skirts kilted high in an elegant men's style, with his lightly made-up face having autumnal tint like crimson foliage, and with delicately tied braids of his drape of pale yellow, who must not be far from ARIWARA no Narihira, a typical man of handsome feature, alluring his fans to spend money and to lock their pinky fingers to his, while he desires no change forever until next generation, staying together in bed, playing a bad guy for pillows, sinking himself on the verge of thinking in this and another worlds in future days.
Japanese: 「ようよう立艶姿に伊達風流股立袴すそ高くたつたの川にあらねとも紅葉の顔に薄化粧浅黄羽織の紐きやしやに結ひとめたる恋の括り目は在原の業平もあんまりよそには御座んすまいやりたい金やりたい小指かはるなかはらし二世までとかはす枕ににくまれて浮世も後生も後の日も思ひの淵に身は沈むさてもさても見事な御器量てあるわいな」。
English: In the latter case, one or more fixed spectators ascended onto hanamichi (an elevated runway through audience leading to stage) and uttered complimentary speech of tsurane (a long declamatory speech) toward their favorite player.
Japanese: 後者の場合は、1人または複数の決められた観客が花道上に上がり、ひいきの役者に対して賛辞的なつらねを発した。
English: The last performance of homekotoba in theater was supposedly made by hokan (a professional male entertainers) of Yoshiwara in 1896 when Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the ninth head) played a role of Sukeroku at Kabuki-za theater.
Japanese: 劇場においては明治29年、市川團十郎(9代目)が歌舞伎座で助六を演じた時、吉原の幇間によっておこなわれたのが最後であろうという。
English: Since Kabuki became classified in the category of 'classical art of theater,' no more improvising playgame-like communications between the stage and audience was performed.
Japanese: 歌舞伎が「古典芸能」扱いされるようになると、舞台と観客席との間のこのような遊戯的即興的な交流はおこなわれなくなった。
English: Kuraki Park is a park with an area of approximately 230,000 square meters that expands over Konan Ward and Isogo Ward in Yokohama City.
Japanese: 久良岐公園（くらきこうえん）は、横浜市港南区と磯子区にまたがる、面積約23万m2の総合公園。
English: The name was taken from Kuraki-gun, which is the place name in old days, and chosen from entries from the public.
Japanese: 名称はこの一帯の古い地名である久良岐郡から採られ、公募により決定した。
English: In the middle of the park lies a lake, and on the north side there is a copse with a walking trail leading to Kuraki Noh stage.
Japanese: 中央付近に池があり、北側は散策路のある雑木林の先に久良岐能舞台がある。
English: On the south side of the park, there are a lawn field, a cherry blossom grove and conserved cars of Yokohama Municipal Tramway, and is alive with people viewing the cherry blossoms in the spring.
Japanese: 南側は運動広場や芝生広場、サクラの林、横浜市電の保存車両などがあり、春には花見客でにぎわう。
English: Location: 3-chome, Kami-Ooka, Konan Ward/8-chome, Okamura, Isogo Ward/1-chome, Shiomidai (Yokohama City), Yokohama City
Japanese: 所在地-横浜市港南区上大岡3丁目、磯子区岡村8丁目、汐見台(横浜市)1丁目
English: From Kami-Ooka Station or Byobugaura Station on the Keikyu Main Line or Isogo Station on the Negishi Line, take the Yokohama City Bus or Keihin Kyuko Bus and get off at Kuraki Koen-mae (front of Kuraki Park) bus stop.
Japanese: 上大岡駅・屏風浦駅・根岸線磯子駅より横浜市営バスまたは京浜急行バス久良岐公園前下車
English: In 1931, the Noh stage was donated to the department of traditional Japanese music at the Tokyo Music School, the predecessor of the present Tokyo University of the Arts.
Japanese: 1931年に東京芸術大学の前身である東京音楽学校邦楽科に寄贈された。
English: In 1984, it was donated to Yokohama City, and has been used for residents' activities such as Nohgaku (the art of Noh), Sado (tea ceremony) and classical Japanese dance.
Japanese: 1984年に横浜市に寄贈され、市民の能楽・茶道・日本舞踊などの活動に使われている。
English: A diver takes off with one leg from a height and opens both legs like a running stride at the point of diving.
Japanese: 高いところから片足で踏み切り、飛び込む際に、走るときのように両足を前後に開く。
English: Immediately after hitting the water, he strongly closes both legs and pushes the water down with both hands, to avoid the head sinking under water.
Japanese: 入水すると同時に両足を強く閉じ両手で水を下に押し、頭部が水中に没しないようにする。
English: This is said to be a measure to be able to gaze steadily at the enemy even when a person dives wearing Kacchu (armor and helmet).
Japanese: これは甲冑をつけたままで飛び込んでも、常に敵を注視することができるようにという工夫であるという。
English: According to "Ruiju sandaikyaku" (statute book written in the Heian period), gagakuryo (a government official in the ritsuryo codes, who administers gagaku [ancient Japanese court dance and music] and gakunin [players]) and zatsugakushi (a musician of various music other than gagaku) were established when Daijokanpu (official documents from Daijokan [Grand Council of State] to local governments) was issued on May 23, 809.
Japanese: 『類聚三代格』によると、809年（大同(日本)4年）3月21日(旧暦)の太政官符に雅楽寮、雑楽師が定められた。
English: Daijokanpu issued on October 26, 848 describes that gagakuryo and zoshiki no sho (student of low level functionaries) should be decreased.
Japanese: 848年嘉祥元年9月22日(旧暦)の太政官符に、雅楽寮、雑色生を減定するべきことが見える。
English: The term "Makumo no sho" (student of Makumo player) can be recognized in "Komagaku no sho" (student of Komagaku player) and "Kudaragaku no sho" (student of Kudaragaku player) described in the book.
Japanese: そのなかに、高麗楽生のなかに莫目生、百済楽生のなかに莫目生が見える。
English: Makumo is thought to be a type of kanyaku (a bamboo flute) in the items of Kabu (Japanese music) since it is described in the kanyaku section of "Wamyo ruijusho" (Japan's oldest dictionary of Chinese characters edited in the Heian period).
Japanese: 『倭名類聚鈔』では、管籥のなかにあり、歌儛品目では、管籥の類かという。
English: In addition, chosen people have held performances called Ozumo (grand sumo tournament) in order to obtain money gifts (prize money) to make a living from olden times.
Japanese: また古くから祝儀（懸賞金という表現）を得る為の生業（生きる手段）として選ばれた者によって大相撲という興行が行われている。
English: In recent years, people in other countries have enjoyed sumo as a traditional Japanese martial art, military art, or sport.
Japanese: 近年では、日本由来の武道・格闘技・スポーツとして国際的にも行われている。
English: Sumo is originally a ritual ceremony based on Shinto, which is the Japanese traditional religion, and local communities still have 'honozumo' (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine) as a festival in various regions throughout Japan.
Japanese: 相撲は日本固有の宗教である神道に基づいた神事であり、日本国内各地で「祭り」として「奉納相撲」がその地域住民により、現在も行われている。
English: Healthy and vital men would offer their power to gods to let the people show their respect and give thanks to gods.
Japanese: 健康と力に恵まれた男性が神前にてその力を捧げ、神々に敬意と感謝を示す行為である。
English: On the other hand, looking at sumo as a martial art, people find that it is a wrestling-type of sport in which an almost naked wrestler tries to grab and defeat his opponent without using any weapons.
Japanese: 他方で、格闘技として見れば、裸身（に極めて近い状態）で道具を用いず、つかみ合い、相手の体を倒しあうことを競うレスリング系統の競技である。
English: In English, the terms 'Sumo' and 'Sumo-Wrestling' are used.
Japanese: 英語では「Sumo（スモウ）」または「Sumo-Wrestling（スモウ・レスリング）」と表記される。
English: Sumo is unique when compared to similar types of martial arts in that sumo emphasizes having a wrestler to keep pushing forward.
Japanese: 類似の格闘技の中では、特に常に前に出て押すことを重視するところに特徴がある。
English: There are similar fighting sports in Japan and other countries such as Bukh in Mongolia, Shuai Jiao in China, Shilm in the Korean Peninsula, Shima in Okinawa, and Yagli Gures in Turkey.
Japanese: 日本国内外で同じような形態の格闘技としては、モンゴルのブフ、中国のシュアイジャオ、朝鮮半島のシルム、沖縄本島のシマ、トルコのヤールギュレシなどがある。
English: These sports have their own names, but in Japan, people generally put a place name before the term "sumo" (sometimes pronounced as "zumo") to reference to such sports; for example, Okinawa-sumo (also known as Ryukyu-sumo), Mongolia-sumo, and Turkey-sumo.
Japanese: それぞれ独自の名前を持つが、日本国内で紹介される場合には何々相撲（沖縄相撲（琉球角力）、モンゴル相撲、トルコ相撲など）、といった名で呼ばれることが多い。
English: Sumo has a long history, and is described in haniwa (hollow clay figures) and unglazed Sueki ware from the Kofun period (tumulus period).
Japanese: 相撲の起源は非常に古く、古墳時代の埴輪・須恵器にもその様子が描写されている。
English: The volume of Kamiyo (ages of gods) in the "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), which refers to the Japanese myth, includes a story concerning Takeminakata (a Japanese god) saying to Takemikazuchi (a Japanese god) that he wanted to find out which of them was the stronger god, and attempting to grab Takemikazuchi's arm and throw him, when Takemikazuchi was dispatched to Ashihara no Nakatsukuni (the Central Land of Reed Plains) in order to conquer that place.
Japanese: 『古事記』の「日本神話においては、タケミカヅチ（タケミカヅチ）の派遣（葦原中国平定）の際、タケミナカタ（タケミナカタ）が、「然欲爲力競」と言った後タケミカヅチの腕を掴んで投げようとした描写がある。
English: Takeminakata could not grab Takemikazuchi's arm eventually because Takemikazuchi changed his arm into an icicle and then a sword.
Japanese: その際タケミカヅチが手をつららへ、またつららから剣（つるぎ）に変えたため掴めなかった。
English: Moreover, Takemikazuchi crashed Takeminakata's hand in his hand as if it were a reed, and Takeminakata was no match for him.
Japanese: 逆にタケミカヅチはタケミナカタの手を葦のように握り潰してしまい、勝負にならなかったとある。
English: According to "Nihonshoki" (The Chronicles of Japan), the oldest fight between human fighters, not gods, was a fight between NOMI no Sukune and TAIMA no Kehaya at 'Sumaitorashimu' (also sometimes called 'Sumai') on August 26, B.C. 23 (this fight is also regarded as the origin of judo).
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には、神ではなく、人間としての力士同士の戦いで最古のものとして、垂仁天皇7年(紀元前23年)7月7日(旧暦)にある野見宿禰と「當麻蹶速」（当麻蹴速）の「捔力」（「すまひとらしむ」または「すまひ」と訓す）での戦いである（これは柔道でも柔道の起源とされている）。
English: This book says that the emperor heard that TAIMA no Kehaya was the greatest wrestler in the world and he also said that Sukume broke Kehaya's rib and hipbones with his kick technique and killed him.
Japanese: この中で「朕聞當麻蹶速者天下之力士也」「各擧足相蹶則蹶折當麻蹶速之脇骨亦蹈折其腰而殺之」とあり、宿禰が蹴速を蹴り技で脇骨と腰を折って殺したとされる。
English: This is different from modern sumo, and was obviously a military or martial art.
Japanese: 少なくとも現代の相撲とは異なるもので、武芸(日本)・武術であったことは明確である。
English: The section on Suinin of "Kojiki" says as follows, the term 'chikarahito' (also pronounced as sumaihito) appeared in the description for the first time.
Japanese: 『古事記』の垂仁記には、以下のようにあり、初めて「力士」（ちからひと・すまひひとと訓す）の文字が現れる。
English: Then he selected and collected strong and nimble soldiers, and told them to catch the baby's mother as well when they receive that baby.'
Japanese: 「ここをもちて軍士の中の力士の軽く捷きを選り聚めて、宣りたまひしく、その御子を取らむ時、すなわちその母王をも掠取れ。」
English: "As the consort was suspicious of his intentions, she shaved off all of her hair and then covered her head with it; wound a rotten tamanoo (bead string) three times around her hand; and sprinkled alcohol on her clothes so that they would rot and then wore them as usual."
Japanese: 「ここにその后、かねてかその情を知らしめして、悉にその髪を剃り、髪もちてその頭を覆ひ、また玉の緒を腐して、三重に手に纏かし、また酒もちてその御衣を腐し、全き衣の如服しき。」
English: However, her hair fell down to the ground as soon as they grabbed it, and the tamanoo broke when they grabbed her hand, and additionally, her clothes were torn when they grabbed her clothes.'
Japanese: 「ここにその御髪を握れば、御髪自ら落ち、その御手を握れば、玉の緒また絶え、その御衣を握れば、御衣すなはち破れつ。」
English: Both "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" mention a story where Yamatotakeru no Mikoto entered Mt. Ibuki in Yamato Province (present-day Nara Prefecture) without the Kusanagi no Tsurugi (Sword of Kusanagi) in 110, in order to defeat the god of Mt. Ibuki (this god is thought to have been a local magnate) with his bare hands.
Japanese: 『記紀』には、景行天皇四十年（110年）に日本武尊が、大和国（現在の奈良県）の息吹山の神（豪族の長?）を素手で倒そうと、草薙剣を持たずに、素手で山に入ったことが記されている。
English: According to "Nihonshoki," Emperor Yuryaku told two uneme (Court ladies) to wear a loincloth and to wrestle in front of INABE no Mane, who was very proud of himself, in September 469.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』の雄略天皇十三年（469年）には、秋九月、雄略天皇が二人の采女（女官）に命じて褌を付けさせ、自らの事を豪語する工匠猪名部真根の目前で「相撲」をとらせたと書かれている。
English: The "Nihonshoki" states 'The emperor entertained ambassadors from Paekche including Chishaku TAISAHEI at the Imperial Court, and he told strong men to have sumo matches in front of Gyogi,' kondei (regular soldiers guarding kokubu (ancient provincial offices)) had sumo matches to entertain a royal envoy from Paekche on August 15, 642.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』の皇極天皇元年（642年）7月12日(旧暦)「乙亥饗百濟使人大佐平智積等於朝或本云百濟使人大佐平智積及兒達率闕名恩率軍善乃命健兒相撲於翹岐前」にあるとおり百済の王族の使者をもてなすため、健児（こんでい・ちからひと）に相撲を取らせたことが書かれている。
English: In addition to "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki," descriptions of sumo are seen in other materials such as "Shoku Nihongi" (The Chronicle of Japan Continued), "Nihon Koki" (The Later Chronicle of Japan), "Shoku Nihon Koki" (The Later Chronicle of Japan Continued), "Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku" (The Veritable Records of Emperor Montoku of Japan), "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku" (The Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan), "Ruiju Kokushi" (The Classified National History), "Nihongi Ryaku" (The Summary of Japanese Chronologies), "Shoyuki" (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke), and "Chuyuki" (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada).
Japanese: 『古事記』『日本書紀』以外にも『続日本紀』『日本後紀』『続日本後紀』『日本文徳天皇実録』『日本三代実録』『類聚国史』『日本紀略』『小右記』『中右記』等にも、相撲の記述が見られる。
English: The fifth volume of "Manyoshu" (The Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) says people had sumo tournaments on May 1, 730, and on July 29 of the following year (731).
Japanese: 『万葉集』の五巻に、天平2年（730年）4月6日(旧暦)と、次の年（731年）の6月17日(旧暦)に相撲をしたという記録がある。
English: Emperor Shomu (whose reign was from 724 to 749) issued an Imperial order in order to almost forcibly recruit sumo wrestlers from rural communities throughout the country.
Japanese: 聖武天皇（在位724年-749年）は勅令をもって、全国各地の農村から相撲人をなかば強制的に募集した。
English: This was because the Emperor enjoyed watching sumo matches in the garden of the Shishinden Hall (the Hall for State Ceremonies) of the Imperial Court during the annual ceremony of the Star Festival held on July 7.
Japanese: 毎年7月7日の七夕の儀式に、宮中紫宸殿の庭で相撲を観賞したのである。
English: Sumo matches among ordinary citizens were called 'tochizumo' (local sumo) or 'kusazumo' (sandlot sumo).
Japanese: 一般の庶民による相撲は「土地相撲」、または「草相撲」と呼ばれていた。
English: Meanwhile, 'buke zumo' (samurai sumo) among samurai was training of wrestling for actual combat, and also referred to martial arts which allowed them to train their body and mind.
Japanese: 一方、「武家相撲」は武士たちの実戦で用いる組討の鍛錬であり、また心身を鍛える武道でもあった。
English: Also 'shinji sumo' (Shinto ritual sumo) was held as an agricultural rite in order to find out if they would have a rich or poor harvest, or pray for a rich harvest, and to thank for divine protection.
Japanese: また「神事相撲」は、農作物の豊凶を占い、五穀豊穣を祈り、神々の加護に感謝するための農耕儀礼であった。
English: Although sumo was held among both samurai and ordinary citizens, Sumai no Sechie is thought to have been especially established based off of wrestling performed in the ancient Chinese Court, which was introduced into Japan before Japanese envoys to China during the Sui and the Tang Dynasties were dispatched, and it is also believed that envoys from Balhae who visited Japan multiple times influenced Sumai no Sachie.
Japanese: 武家相撲であり、庶民の相撲であるが、とりわけ「相撲節会」は、古代中国の宮廷で行われた角力が遣隋使・遣唐使の歴史以前にも往来があり、来渤海使も何度も日本へ赴いたなかで影響も推測される。
English: Literature from those days such as "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" (The Tale of Times Now Past) includes some episodes about sumo wrestlers who went to the Imperial Court to attend Sumai no Sachie from various regions throughout Japan.
Japanese: 『今昔物語集』などの当時の説話には、相撲節会におもむく全国各地の力士たちにまつわるエピソードが紹介されている。
English: Also, it is said that Tsunemori WADA and his brother Yoshihide ASAHINA had a sumo match to allow the winner to obtain an Oshu (Mutsu Province) horse.
Japanese: また、和田常盛・朝比奈義秀兄弟が奥州ウマを巡って、相撲で競った逸話がある。
English: There's a picture of people enjoying sumo with their clothes on and without a dohyo (sumo ring) before the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 室町時代以前には着衣で相撲を楽しむ庶民の絵などがあり遊戯としては土俵も無く着衣で行なわれていた。
English: Additionally, zato zumo (blind men's sumo) and onna zumo (women's sumo), which was derived from zato zumo began, and lasted until the beginning of World War II
Japanese: また座頭相撲とそこから派生した女相撲の興行も存在し戦前まで存続した。
English: In the later Showa period, women's amateur sumo (called shin sumo, which literally means "new sumo") was held and there is now an organization called 'New Japan Sumo Federation.'
Japanese: 昭和後期にはアマチュアの女子相撲（新相撲）が行われ「日本新相撲連盟」という組織が存在する。
English: It is thought that there were sumo rituals held as a funeral ceremony which was introduced from China and another type of sumo rituals as a fertility cult introduced from Southeast Asia, but these two functions are currently mixed up and it is hard to distinguish these.
Japanese: 古くは大陸系から渡来した葬送儀礼としての相撲と、東南アジアから伝来した豊穣儀礼としての相撲があったと考えられるが、その性格は今となっては混在しているので区別は付けにくい。
English: Many Shinto shrines carry out sumo at festivals in order to pray for universal peace, family prosperity, rich harvest, a good haul of fish, and so on.
Japanese: 祭の際には、天下泰平・子孫繁栄・五穀豊穣・大漁等を願い、相撲を行なう神社も多い。
English: Some such sumo matches also function as fortune-telling, and people try to find out if they have a rich harvest or haul based on the results of a match.
Japanese: そこでは、占いとしての意味も持つ場合もあり、二者のどちらが勝つかにより、五穀豊穣や豊漁を占う。
English: Additionally, some shrines in Wakayama Prefecture and Omishima Island in Ehime Prefecture have a Shinto rite called hitori sumo (one-man sumo) in which a wrestler is supposed to have a sumo match against a spirit of rice, and the wrestler should always lose because they believe that victory of the spirit will bring a rich harvest.
Japanese: また、和歌山県、愛媛県大三島のひとりすもうの神事を行っている神社では稲の霊と相撲し霊が勝つと豊作となるため常に負けるものなどもある。
English: A wrestler sometimes intentionally loses against his opponent who is from a place that is believed to bring a poor harvest or a poor haul.
Japanese: 場合によっては、不作、不漁のおそれがある土地の力士に対しては、あえて勝ちを譲ることもあった。
English: Shiko (a sumo wrestler's ceremonial leg raising and stomping) is important as it is believed to get rid of evil from the ground, and great importance is attached to many Shinto ritual sumo matches.
Japanese: また、土中の邪気を払う意味の儀礼である四股は重視され、神事相撲の多くではこの所作が重要視されている。
English: The Yoshida Tsukasake family, who was the head family of the sumo world, allowed sumo wrestlers to follow the manner of visiting Shinto shrines (kashiwade (clapping one's hands in prayer)) when they entered a dohyo, and the yokozuna (sumo grand champion) also began to wear shimenawa (a sacred rope) according to the manner prescribed by the Yoshida Tsukasake family.
Japanese: 力士の土俵入りの際に神道参拝の方法（柏手）をうち、横綱が注連縄を巻くようになったのは、相撲の宗家とされた吉田司家の許可に基づくものである。
English: Senior members of Nihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association), senior members of the referee department, and some other relevant people from sumo-jaya (sumo teahouses) will gather at Nominosukune-jinja Shrine in Sumida Ward, Tokyo Prefecture two days before an official sumo tournament starts in Tokyo, and a Shinto priest from the Izumo Oyashiro-kyo (sect of Shinto) will conduct a Shinto rite.
Japanese: 東京での本場所前々日には東京都墨田区の野見宿禰神社に日本相撲協会の幹部、審判部の幹部や相撲茶屋関係者が出席して、出雲大社教の神官によって神事が執り行われる。
English: After an assistant gyoji (sumo referee) recites kiyomeharae no norito (Shinto ritual prayer for purification), the master of the festival conducts a rite and then he recites a prayer called katayakaiko while holding a military leader's fan.
Japanese: 介添えの行司が清祓の祝詞をあげた後、祭主が神事を行い、方屋開口を軍配団扇を手にして言上する。
English: This is based on a ceremony called 'katayabiraki,' which was started by Oikaze YOSHIDA when a sumo tournament was held in the presence of Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Ienari TOKUGAWA in 1791.
Japanese: 寛政3年（1791年）征夷大将軍・徳川家斉の上覧相撲の際に吉田追風が「方屋開」として始めたものである。
English: Women were not allowed to enter any sumo areas until the mid Meiji period, and were not even allowed to watch sumo matches.
Japanese: 相撲場は明治中期まで女人禁制で、明治になるまで観戦することもできなかった。