nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He attended the Battle of Odawara in 1590, and was given a large territory of one million koku in Owari Province and five districts in the north of Ise Province in the former territory of Nobukatsu ODA who was dismissed after the war because of refusal of changing territory.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）の小田原の役にも参加し、戦後、移封を拒否して改易された織田信雄の旧領である尾張国、伊勢国北部5郡などに100万石の大領を与えられた。
English: Accordingly, Hidetsugu was adopted by Hideyoshi in December and was given TOYOTOMI cognomen as a successor of Hideyoshi in January of the next year, and was passed over for the post of Kanpaku.
Japanese: そのため、11月に秀吉の養子となり、12月には秀吉の後継者として、豊臣姓を贈られ、関白職を譲られた。
English: He moved to the Jurakudai residence to live and operated government affairs, but as Hideyoshi did not turn over full powers, a dual government existed.
Japanese: そして聚楽第に居住して政務を執ったが、秀吉は全権を譲ったわけではなく、二元政治となった。
English: Afterwards, he controlled domestic administrations for Hideyoshi who was dedicating himself to the Battle of Bunroku and Keicho.
Japanese: その後、文禄・慶長の役に専念する秀吉の代わりに内政を司ることが多かった。
English: However, when a biological child of Hideyoshi, Hideyori TOYOTOMI, was born in 1593, Hidetsugu gradually got on the wrong side of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: しかし文禄2年（1593年）に秀吉に実子・豊臣秀頼が生まれると、秀吉から次第に疎まれるようになる。
English: They tried to compromise by affiancing Hideyori and a daughter of Hidetsugu, but in the end he was expelled to Mt. Koya by the order of Hideyoshi on August 13, 1595; subsequently he became a priest (he became a priest Kanpaku [Zenko], and was called Hozenko, a name related to Toyotomi).
Japanese: 秀頼と秀次の娘を婚約させるなど互いに譲歩も試みられたが、けっきょく文禄4年（1595年）7月8日、秀吉の命令で高野山に追放され、出家した（これ以降、出家した関白＝禅閤となり、豊臣の姓から豊禅閤〈ほうぜんこう〉と呼ばれた）。
English: After his death, the family of Hidetsugu, his wives and concubines, sons and daughters along with many of his vassals, were purged, and the head of Hidetsugu was exposed by Hideyoshi at Sanjogawara in Kyoto.
Japanese: 死後、秀次の一族・妻妾・息子・娘・家臣の多くが粛清され、秀次の首は秀吉によって京都の三条河原に曝された。
English: Hideyori was appointed by Hideyoshi to be a successor and succeeded the family estate after Hideyoshi died.
Japanese: 秀吉により、新たに秀頼が後継者へ指名され、秀吉の死後、秀頼が家督を継いだ。
English: Hideyoshi had a new son, Hideyori TOYOTOMI, in 1593, and the relationship between Hidetsugu and Hideyoshi decisively deteriorated.
Japanese: 秀次であったが、文禄元年（1593年）、秀吉に新たな子豊臣秀頼が生まれると関係が決定的に悪化した。
English: He was put under suspicion of a rebellion by Hideyoshi in 1595.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）に秀吉によって謀反の疑いをかけられることになる。
English: On August 8, 1595, four out of five magistrates including Mitsunari ISHIDA visited Hidetsugu at the Jurakudai residence and urged him to go to Mt. Koya.
Japanese: 同年7月3日、聚楽第に居た秀次のもとへ石田三成ら五奉行のうち4名が訪れ、秀次に対し高野山へ行くように促された。
English: On August 13, Hidetsugu visited Hideyoshi in Fushimi-jo Castle to explain the rebellion, but he could not meet him, and went to Mt. Koya on the same day.
Japanese: 同月8日に秀次は謀反についての釈明の為に、秀吉の居る伏見城へ赴くが、対面することが出来ず、同日高野山へ入った。
English: A week later on August 20, Masanori FUKUSHIMA and some others visited Hidetsugu to pass on the order of committing seppuku given by Hideyoshi; Hidetsugu and others under suspicion including his pages committed seppuku that day.
Japanese: それから1週間後の15日に秀次のもとへ福島正則らが訪れ、秀次に対し秀吉から切腹の命令が下ったことを伝えられ、同日、秀次及び秀次の小姓らを含めた嫌疑をかけられた人々が切腹することになった。
English: Hidetsugu committed seppuku with the support of Shigemasa SASABE who assisted Hidetsugu by beheading him, while Shigemasa and a Buddhist monk of Tofuku-ji Temple Genryuseido also committed seppuku.
Japanese: 秀次は雀部重政の介錯により切腹し、そして重政と東福寺の僧侶玄隆西堂も切腹した。
English: The corpses of Hidetsugu along with those who committed seppuku were buried at Kongobu-ji Temple, and the head of Hidetsugu was sent to Sanjogawara.
Japanese: 秀次及び同日切腹した関係者らの遺体は金剛峰寺に葬られ、秀次の首は三条河原へ送られた。
English: On September 5, 1595, the family of Hidetsugu including the women were executed at Sanjogawara; a total of 39 people including the bereaved children (four boys and one girl), a lawful wife, concubines, and waiting women were executed in front of the tumulus where the head of Hidetsugu was laid.
Japanese: そして、同年8月2日(旧暦)（9月5日）には三条河原において、秀次の家族及び女人らも処刑されることになり、秀次の首が据えられた塚の前で、遺児（4男1女）及び正室・側室・侍女ら併せて39名が処刑された。
English: After the execution of the family of Hidetsugu which took about five hours, the corpses were buried in one place, and a cist (a box-shaped funerary urn made of stone) in which the head of Hidetsugu was put, was placed at the burial ground.
Japanese: 約5時間かけて行われた秀次の家族らの処刑後、その遺体は一箇所に埋葬され、その埋葬地には秀次の首を収めた石櫃が置かれた。
English: The burial place was neglected until a wealthy merchant named Ryoi SUMINOKURA reconstructed it (Chikusho-zuka [Mound of Beasts]) in 1611.
Japanese: その後、秀次ら一族の埋葬地は慶長16年(1611年)、豪商の角倉了以によって再建されるまで、誰にも顧みられることなく放置されていた（畜生塚）。
English: Okiku, a daughter of Kogo-no-tsubone (who was a daughter of Tessai Takashige TANNOWA) was spared as she was a girl and only one month old; she was left to Okiyoshi GOTO who was a son of the younger brother of Okiku's grandfather.
Japanese: 淡輪徹斎隆重の娘・小督の局との娘のお菊は女児であり尚且つ生後一ヶ月の幼さであったためか助命され、お菊の祖父の弟の子の後藤興義に預けられた。
English: Also, a daughter named Ryuseiin, who later became a concubine of Nobushige SANADA, and two other daughters who married into the Umenokoji family were able to get themselves out of trouble.
Japanese: また、のちの真田信繁の側室・隆精院、梅小路家に嫁いだ娘の二人も難を逃れた。
English: Wakagozen, who was a lawful wife and daughter of Tsuneoki IKEDA, was also spared and sent back to his elder brother Terumasa IKEDA.
Japanese: 他にも正室である池田恒興の娘・若御前も助命され、兄・池田輝政のもとに送り返されている。
English: The Emaki (picture scroll) 'Zuisen-ji Temple Engi' (writing of history) written about the process of the execution of Hidetsugu and his family is kept in Zuisen-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
Japanese: この秀次ら一族処刑に関して、その経緯を記した絵巻「瑞泉寺縁起」が京都の瑞泉寺(京都市)に残されている。
English: In order to ensure the succession by the real son Hideyori and to eradicate the descendants of Hidetsugu to secure the succession of the direct line.
Japanese: 実子である秀頼の後継を確実なものとし、秀次の子孫を根絶やしにして直系継承を守るため
English: A theory of eccentric behavior after Hideyori was born such as addiction to alcohol and being crazy for women (Sessho Kanpaku [life-killing kanpaku]).
Japanese: 秀頼誕生後から酒色に溺れ、女狂いになったなどの奇行説（→「殺生関白」）
English: (However, according to Bukoyawa (one of the family genealogies), Mitsunari insisted on the innocence of Hidetsugu.)
Japanese: （ただし、武功夜話によると、三成は秀次の無罪を主張していたという。）
English: It is said that Hidetsugu repeated villainies such as preference murder (he killed a blind man on the street), thus he famously was given the name 'Sessho Kanpaku,' a homonym of Sessho Kanpaku (Regent and Chief Adviser to the Emperor), but the actual circumstances are unknown and a lot of points are doubtful.
Japanese: 事件直前の秀次は嗜好殺人などの非道行為（盲人を辻斬りにした）を繰り返したとも言われ、「殺生関白」（「摂政関白」の韻に掛けた創作）の異名をとったという話は有名であるが、実情は不明であり疑わしい点も多い。
English: Hidetsugu could be the only adult relative in the Toyotomi family in Hideyoshi's later years, so if Hidetsugu was alive he might have resisted the takeover of hegemony later carried out by Ieyasu.
Japanese: 秀次は秀吉晩年の豊臣家の中では唯一とも言ってもよい成人した親族であったため、彼が存命していたなら、後の家康の覇権奪取に抵抗した可能性もあった。
English: The massacre of Hidetsugu and his children resulted in making the small Toyotomi family much weaker.
Japanese: 秀次とその子をほぼ殺し尽くしたことは、数少ない豊臣家の親族をさらに弱める結果となった。
English: Also, daimyo who incurred Hideyoshi's displeasure in regards to the Hidetsugu Incident belonged to the East camp of the Tokugawa side at the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: また、秀次事件に関係し秀吉の不興を買った大名は総じて関ヶ原の戦いで徳川方である東軍に属することになる。
English: Kazuhiko KASAYA pointed out that as well as the confliction between civilian parties and military government groups over the dispatch of troops to Korea, the Hidetsugu Incident was one of the political contradictions of the Toyotomi government that determined the cracks within the Toyotomi family and the Toyotomi vassals, and it was one of the causes of the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 笠谷和比古は、朝鮮出兵をめぐる吏僚派と武断派の対立などとともに、秀次事件が豊臣家及び豊臣家臣団の亀裂を決定的にした豊臣政権の政治的矛盾のひとつであり、関ヶ原の戦いの一因と指摘している。
English: As a popular theory, Hidetsugu was evaluated often as a mediocre and incapable Japanese military commander, but his failure was only the defeat of the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute; he later achieved military exploits at the Kii and Shikoku Conquests, the Siege of Yamanaka-jo Castle at the Conquest and Siege of Odawara, and the executions in Oshu.
Japanese: 秀次は通説として凡庸・無能な武将として評価されることが多いが、秀次の失敗は小牧・長久手の戦いの敗戦の一度だけであり、その後の紀伊・四国征伐、小田原征伐での山中城攻め、奥州仕置などでは武功を発揮した。
English: Considering his performance of state affairs was quite good with the assistance of Kazutoyo YAMAUCHI and Yoshiharu HORIO, he might have been a person with moderate ability.
Japanese: 政務においても山内一豊、堀尾吉晴らの補佐もあって無難にこなしていることを考慮すると、そこそこの力量はあったものと思われる。
English: When the Hidetsugu Incident occurred, many people such as Nagayasu MAENO, Shigekore KIMURA, Shigeaki WATARASE who were hereditary vassals of Hideyoshi, and Mitsunari ISHIDA who was known through conspiracy theories and many others insisted on the innocence of Hidetsugu and protected him, so that it is understandable that Hidetsugu was a respected person.
Japanese: 秀次事件のとき、秀吉譜代の家臣である前野長康、さらには木村重茲、渡瀬繁詮、先に陰謀説で名前の挙がっている石田三成など多くの人物たちが秀次の無罪を主張して弁護していることから、秀次は諸大名から人望があったものと思われる。
English: In spite of not being a Christian, Hidetsugu was praised by a missionary that he was a gentle and considerable person (Luis FROIS 'History of Japan,' etc.).
Japanese: 秀次はキリシタンではないにも関わらず、宣教師からは穏やかで思慮深い性質であると賞賛の言葉をもらっている（ルイス・フロイス「日本史」など）。
English: As he understood Christianity, some researchers consider that he might have been a Christian.
Japanese: キリスト教についても理解を示し、キリシタンであったのではないかとする研究者もいる。
English: Hidetsugu was a first-rank educated person of the day who loved ancient Japanese writings and held cultural exchanges with many court nobles.
Japanese: 秀次は古筆を愛し、多くの公家とも交流を持つ当代一流の教養人でもあった。
English: On the other hand, scholars who were out of power such as Seika FUJIWARA were known to devaluate Hidetsugu and ignored him, saying 'Learning becomes corrupt.'
Japanese: 一方、在野の学者である藤原惺窩などは秀次を低く評価し、「学問が穢れる」と相手にしなかったと言われている。
English: However, as Seika FUJIWARA's father, Tamezumi REIZEI, was left in the lurch by Hideyoshi, the possibility cannot be denied that he dared criticize Hidetsugu severely as he was an adopted son of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: ただし藤原惺窩の父・冷泉為純は秀吉によって見殺しにされているため、秀吉の養子である秀次をあえて酷評した可能性も否定できない。
English: As for martial arts, he learned swordplay and the art of spearmanship from Kagekane HIKITA, and also learned swordplay from Munenobu HASEGAWA and Hisayasu KATAYAMA, and thus had the ability of kaishaku (to assist someone in committing seppuku by beheading him) during the act of seppuku.
Japanese: 武術については、疋田景兼より剣術と槍術を学んだほか、長谷川宗喜や片山久安からも剣術を学んだとされ、切腹の際の介錯ができるだけの腕前があったという。
English: As a daimyo, Hidetsugu granted the children of strong vassals the use of a Japanese character of his name.
Japanese: 大名の常として、秀次も有力な家臣の子などに偏諱（へんき）を授けている。
English: Hidetsugu granted his name in a different way from others in that he gave the latter Japanese character of his name for the second portion of the name of subordinates.
Japanese: 秀次の偏諱は他の武将と異なり、下偏諱を諱の下の字として与えるという変わった形態を取っている。
English: On November 22, 1587, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), and transferred to Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state).
Japanese: 天正15年（1587年）11月22日、従三位に昇叙し、権中納言に転任。
English: On February 11, 1591, he was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and transferred to Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state).
Japanese: 天正19年（1591年）2月11日、正二位に昇叙し、権大納言に転任。
English: The Gorin Tower (a memorial gravestone for the dead) of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and the graveyards of those executed are in Zuisen-ji Temple (Kyoto City) in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市の瑞泉寺(京都市)に豊臣秀次の五輪の塔と、処刑された者の墓がある。
English: On the anniversary of the death of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI on July 15, a memorial service for him is held at Hachimanyama (Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture) by the chief priest of Zuiryu-ji Temple (Omihachiman City).
Japanese: 豊臣秀次の命日の7月15日には、瑞龍寺(近江八幡市)住職により、八幡山（滋賀県近江八幡市）で供養が行われる。
English: Hideyori TOYOTOMI (also known as TOYOTOMI no Hideyori or Hideyori HASHIBA) was a daimyo from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the beginning of the Edo period.
Japanese: 豊臣秀頼（とよとみのひでより／とよとみひでより）/羽柴秀頼（はしばひでより）、は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期の大名。
English: He had two children, Kunimatsu TOYOTOMI from a concubine, Waki no kata (her name was Icha; she was from the Watanabe clan) and Nahime from Oiwa no kata (from the Narita clan) (However, with respect to the real mother, there are different views.)
Japanese: 子は側室和期の方（名は伊茶。渡辺氏）との間に豊臣国松と、小石の方（おいわのかた。成田氏）との間に奈阿姫（生母については異説有）。
English: His wet nurses were Kunaikyo no tsubone, Ukyodaibu no tsubone (there is a view that they were the same person) and Shoeini.
Japanese: 乳母は宮内卿局、右京大夫局（一説に両者は同一人物とも）、正栄尼が伝わる。
English: It is said that he was a child who was born in Osaka-jo Castle in 1593 when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was 57 years old.
Japanese: 文禄2年（1593年）、豊臣秀吉57歳のときの子で、大坂城で生まれたとされている。
English: As none from the large number of concubines of Hideyoshi gave birth to a child, it was, however, rumored already at that time that Hideyori was not Hideyoshi's real child (with regard to the father and child relationship between Hideyori TOYOTOMI and Hideyoshi.)
Japanese: 秀吉の他の大勢の側室に子ができなかったことから、当時から秀吉の実子ではないのではないかとの噂が絶えなかった（豊臣秀頼秀吉との父子関係について）。
English: As Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, who had been assigned to the position of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) from Hideyoshi as his adopted heir and who was his cousin and brother-in-law, was ousted and forced to commit seppuku in 1595, Hideyori was brought up in Fushimi-jo Castle as the successor of the Toyotomi clan.
Japanese: 文禄4年（1595年）、秀吉から養嗣子として関白職を譲られていた従兄で義兄の豊臣秀次が失脚して切腹したため、秀頼が豊臣氏の後継者として伏見城で育てられた。
English: As Hideyoshi died in 1598, Hideyori took over as head of the family and moved to Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 秀吉が、慶長3年（1598年）に死去したため、秀頼は家督を継ぎ大坂城に移った。
English: After Hideyoshi's death, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was a member of Gotairo, increased his power and a serious conflict occurred in the Toyotomi Government.
Japanese: 秀吉死後には五大老の徳川家康が影響力を強め、さらに豊臣政権内でも対立が起こった。
English: Because of the death of Toshiie MAEDA, a member of Gotairo, and the downfall of Mitsunari ISHIDA, a member of Gobugyo, and due to the attack on Mitsunari ISHIDA by seven commanders, Ieyasu seized the initiative in the Toyotomi Government.
Japanese: 五大老の前田利家の死去、七将石田三成襲撃事件に伴う五奉行・石田三成の失脚などで豊臣政権は家康が主導する形となる。
English: When the Battle of Sekigahara, in which Mitsunari and so on raised an army, occurred in 1600, Hideyori was placed under the protection of Terumoto MORI, who was a member of Gotairo and was set up as the leader of the Western Camp.
Japanese: 慶長5年（1600年）に三成らが家康に対して挙兵する関ヶ原の戦いが勃発すると、秀頼は西軍の総大将として擁立された、五大老毛利輝元の庇護下におかれた。
English: In Sekigahara, part of Nanategumi, troops of Hideyori's bodyguards, joined the Western Camp, but both the Eastern and Western Camps fought in the cause of "For Hideyori" and, after the battle, Hideyori showed appreciation to Ieyasu as a loyal subject.
Japanese: 関ヶ原では秀頼の親衛隊である七手組の一部が西軍に参加したが、東西両軍とも「秀頼公のため」の戦いを大義としており、戦後に秀頼は家康を忠義者として労った。
English: After the war, however, Ieyasu, by his sole discretion, distributed shoryo (territory) of the head family of Toyotomi (head family of Hashiba).
Japanese: だが、家康はその戦後処理において豊臣宗家（羽柴宗家）の所領を勝手に分配した。
English: Before the battle, Hideyori had a shoryo of 2.2 million goku (approx. 330,000 tons), but he was robbed of the shoryo that was entrusted to the daimyo, and his shoryo decreased to amounts from Settsu, Kawachi and Izumi Provinces, 650 thousand koku (approx. 97,500 tons) in total.
Japanese: 秀頼は戦前は日本全国に220万石あった所領の内、大名への預け地となっていた分をとられて摂津国・河内国・和泉国65万石まで減らされた。
English: It seems that kurairichi (directly controlled territory) continued to exist (However, control was gradually transferred to bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun].)
Japanese: しかし、蔵入地に関しては存続していたようである（ただし徐々に支配権は幕府の管理に移ってゆく）。
English: In addition, as Ieyasu was appointed to Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") in 1603 and began construction of Edo-jo Castle and commenced the establishment of a samurai government, Hideyori was virtually ousted from the seat of power and absorbed into the Tokugawa government.
Japanese: さらに慶長8年（1603年）、家康が朝廷より征夷大将軍に任じられ、江戸城の普請を行い武家政権構築を始めた事により、秀頼は実質的に権力の座から外され、徳川政権に組み込まれることとなった。
English: Conflict between the Toyotomi and the Tokugawa families occurred, but in the same year, Hideyori married Senhime (a granddaughter of Ieyasu, her mother was Sugenin, a younger sister of Yodo-dono), the daughter of Hideyori who was the second shogun and he was appointed to udaijin (minister of the right) in 1605.
Japanese: 豊臣家と徳川家の確執が起るが、同年には秀頼は秀吉の遺言もあり2代将軍徳川秀忠の娘千姫（家康の孫、母は淀殿の妹・崇源院）と結婚し、慶長10年（1605年）右大臣となる。
English: Ieyasu wanted to meet Hideyori in Kyoto and asked Hideyori to come to Kyoto, but his real mother, Yodo-dono, opposed and continue to decline his request.
Japanese: 京都で秀頼と会おうとした家康は秀頼の上洛を希望するが、生母の淀殿が反対して拒否を続けた。
English: At that time Ieyasu gave up and dispatched his sixth son, Tadateru MATSUDAIRA to Osaka-jo Castle to meet Hideyori.
Japanese: このときは家康が断念し、六男・松平忠輝を大坂城に派遣し、面会させている。
English: In 1611, when Emperor Goyozei abdicated to the Emperor Gomizunoo, Hideyori went to Kyoto with the pretext 'to greet to the grandfather of his legitimate wife Senhime' guarded by Kiyomasa KATO and Yukinaga ASANO and had a meeting with Ieyasu in Nijo-jo Castle in Kyoto.
Japanese: 慶長16年（1611年）、後陽成天皇が後水尾天皇に譲位すると、ついに秀頼は、「正室千姫の祖父に挨拶する」という名目で、加藤清正・浅野幸長に守られつつ上洛し、京都・二条城で家康との会見を行った。
English: On the other hand, Kiyomasa KATO, Yukinaga ASANO, and Terumasa IKEDA upon who Hideyori depended, died from disease before the Siege of Osaka began.
Japanese: 一方、秀頼にとっては頼るべき存在であった加藤清正・浅野幸長・池田輝政は大坂の陣が始まる前に病死してしまっている。
English: Ieyasu, for whom it became impossible to continue catering to the Toyotomi family formally the master, parted his ways with Hideyori triggered by an incident concerning an inscription on the bell for Hoko-ji Temple in 1614 and then Osaka Fuyu no Jin occurred.
Japanese: 形式的には主筋である豊臣家をこれ以上別格扱いすることを許容出来なくなった徳川家康は、慶長19年（1614年）に起こった方広寺鐘銘事件をきっかけに秀頼と決裂し、大坂の役が勃発する。
English: Although the Toyotomi family sent out circulars to the daimyo who enjoyed the kind favors of the Toyotomi family particularly Masanori FUKUSHIMA and Yoshiakira KATO, nobody joined the Osaka side and only Fukushima gave silent approval for confiscating the rice stored in warehouses in Osaka.
Japanese: 豊臣家は福島正則、加藤嘉明など豊臣恩顧の大名に檄をとばしたが大坂方に参じる者はなく、福島が大坂の蔵屋敷にあった米の接収を黙認するにとどまった。
English: On the other hand tens of thousand of ronin (masterless samurai) who had been roving because that their masters joined the Western Camp in the Battle of Sekigahara and were defeated and broken up and so-called roninshu (masterless former daimyo, etc.) such as and Nobushige SANADA (Yukimura), Mototsugu GOTO, Morichika CHOSOKABE, Katsunaga MORI and Takenori AKASHI entered Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 一方、関ヶ原の戦いで主家が西軍に組し取り潰しにあい放浪していた数万の浪人たちや真田信繁（幸村）、後藤基次、長宗我部盛親、毛利勝永、明石全登ら浪人衆が大坂城に入城した。
English: The morale of the ronin was very high but it was difficult to control ronin because they were scratch teams and a confrontation occurred between roninshu and Harunaga ONO and Yodo-dono and this confrontation could not be solved.
Japanese: 浪人は非常に士気旺盛ではあったが寄せ集めなので統制がとりにくく、しかも浪人衆と大野治長・淀殿らが対立し、最後まで対立は解けなかった。
English: For example, when Nobushige SANADA and so on proposed to march on to Kyoto, Harunaga ONO and so on, strongly opposed and finally it was decided to hole up in Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 例えば真田信繁などが京都進撃を唱えても、大野治長などが頑強に反対し大坂城篭城に決するということもあった。
English: In the beginning of the war, forts surrounding Osaka-jo Castle were overrun like what happened in the battle of Kizugawaguchi (1614) and Bakurobuchi, and other forts were abandoned and the troop retreated to Osaka-jo Castle and they were also defeated in the battle of Noda and Fukushima.
Japanese: 緒戦では木津川口の戦い(1614年)、博労淵の戦いなどの大坂城の周辺の砦が攻略され、残りの砦も放棄して大坂城に撤収、野田・福島の戦いでも敗れる。
English: Although they were defeated in the battles of Imafuku and Shigino, they showed resistance when it came to track down the troops of Yoshinobu SATAKE and, therefore, it was known that the Osakagata was strong.
Japanese: ただ今福の戦い・鴫野の戦いでも敗れてはいるが、佐竹義宣(右京大夫)軍を一時追い詰める抵抗を見せたため大坂方強しと周知される。
English: In the battle of the Osaka-jo Castle, because of struggle of roninshu and the defending capability of Osaka-jo Castle, the troops of the bakufu fought against heavy odds and, although they tried to invade the castle, they were beaten back every time and, especially during the battle at Sanadamaru, the bakufu side suffered heavy casualties.
Japanese: 大坂城での戦闘では浪人衆の活躍や大坂城の防御力により、幕府軍は苦戦、城内に攻め入ろうにも撃退ばかりされ、特に真田丸の戦いでは幕府方が手酷い損害を受ける。
English: The bakufu side attacked with gunfire day and night in order to put psychological pressure on the shirogata (people in the castle).
Japanese: そこで幕府軍は城方に心理的圧力をかけるべく、昼夜をとわず砲撃を加えた。
English: One shell which flew to Honmaru landed near Yodo-dono and smashed the body of a maid making Yodo-dono afraid.
Japanese: 本丸まで飛来した一発の砲弾は淀殿の近辺に着弾、侍女の身体を粉砕し淀殿を震え上がらせたという。
English: Gradually, however, foodstuff and ammunition were exhausted on the both sides, Toyotomi's side and bakufu's side, and Ieyasu proposed peace talks at that time.
Japanese: しかし次第に豊臣方、幕府方双方の食料や弾薬が尽きはじめ、この時点で家康は和議を提案。
English: Although it is said that Hideyori was against peace talks from the beginning, peace talks were realized partly because of Yodo-dono's opinion.
Japanese: 秀頼は当初、和議に反対したといわれているが、淀殿の主張などによって和議が実現した。
English: However, the Tokugawa's side did not have any intention of lasting peace and planned to attack and destroy the Toyotomi family and this peace talk was part of a deceptive ploy.
Japanese: しかし、徳川方は恒久講和など考えておらず再び豊臣を攻め滅ぼすことも算段に入れており、和議は謀略であった。
English: As the castle without a moat was limited to hadakajiro (castle without guards), the Osaka side protested but, in turn, it was required to purge all ronin and to change territory.
Japanese: 堀のない城は裸城同然であるため、大坂方はこれに抗議するが、逆に浪人の総追放や国替えを要求された。
English: During the next year, 1615, the Osaka side refused to purge the ronin and change territory, and started to dig a moat again, and, therefore, Ieyasu attacked Osaka-jo Castle and the Osaka Natsu no Jin occurred.
Japanese: 翌慶長20年（1615年）、大坂方は浪人の総追放や国替えを拒否、堀を掘り返し始めたため、家康は大坂城への侵攻を宣言、大坂の役大坂夏の陣が起こる。
English: In order to counterattack the large bakufu army, which came up to the north from Hannan (south of Osaka), in a narrow area so, that their own troops, inferior in number, could fight off a larger army of the bakufu, the troop core marched to the Yao district.
Japanese: 豊臣方は阪南から北上してくる幕府の大軍を、数で劣る自軍でも撃退できるよう狭い地域で迎え撃つべく、主力軍が八尾方面に進軍。
English: They fought in battles of Yao and Wakae as well as the Domyoji, and Morichika CHOSOKABE wiped out the troops of Takatora TODO.
Japanese: 八尾・若江の戦い、道明寺の戦いで戦い、長宗我部盛親が藤堂高虎勢を壊滅させた。
English: However, Danemon BAN, the spearhead, was defeated by the troops of Asano in the battle of Kashii and, when the main unit arrived, the troops of Asano had already retreated to Kii Province and the main unit returned to the castle having nothing more to do.
Japanese: 樫井の戦いで先方の塙団右衛門が浅野軍に破れ、本隊が到着したときには浅野勢は紀州に撤退済みだったのでなすすべもなく帰城する。
English: Toyotomi's side, whose troop strength was exhausted because of repeated defeat, tried to tough out the decisive war when Ieyasu and Hidetada took up their positions in Osaka.
Japanese: 敗戦続きで兵力が疲弊した豊臣方は家康、秀忠が大坂に布陣したところに最終決戦を挑む。
English: Nobushige wanted to have Hideyori take the field in order to boost the morale of the troops on the Toyotomi's side, but it could not be realized.
Japanese: 信繁は豊臣軍の士気を高めるために秀頼出陣を望んだが、結局果たせなかった。
English: It is said that Yodo-dono opposed strongly because of her love for her son.
Japanese: 淀殿が我が子かわいさのために頑強に首を縦に振らなかったと言われている。
English: In the Okayamaguchi district, troops led by Harufusa ONO tracked down and cut their way into the headquarters of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, but they were obliged to retreat because of the large bakufu troops that had gathered together.
Japanese: 岡山口方面では大野治房率いる軍勢が徳川秀忠本陣に切り込むまで追い詰めるが、態勢を立て直した幕府の大軍の前に撤退を余儀なくされる。
English: Nobushige SANADA displayed a brave fight as praised by both sides as 'the best warrior in Japan' and drove out the troops on Tokugawa's side and approached very close to the headquarters of Ieyasu.
Japanese: 真田信繁は「日本一の兵（つわもの）」と敵味方関係なく絶賛されるほどの獅子奮迅ぶりを見せ、立ちふさがる徳川方を次々と蹴散らし、ついに家康本陣へ肉薄。
English: Although he pursued Ieyasu to force him to kill himself with a sword, he could not complete his chase to the end.
Japanese: 家康に自刃を覚悟させるほどにまでに追いつめたが、仕留めきれなかった。