nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In "Seiseki zushi" by Hyosai HIRATSUKA published in 1854, Mise Maruyama was also considered as the Tenmu-Jito Mausoleum but the writer also mentioned that there had been a theory of Noguchino Ono-haka being the Tenmu-Jito Mausoleum and another theory of Noguchino Ono-haka being identified as the tomb of Yamato-hiko no Mikoto.
Japanese: 1854年（嘉永7）刊で平塚瓢斎の『聖蹟図志』でも、見瀬丸山が天武持統陵とされたが、元禄期には野口王墓が天武持統陵であるという説があったこと、また野口王墓に倭彦命を比定する説があることが付け加えられている。
English: Afterward, during the imperial mausoleum restoration project in the Bunkyu era of the Edo period which started in 1862, Noguchino Ono-haka underwent an interim repair as the Mausoleum of Emperor Monmu.
Japanese: その後、1862年（文久2）からはじまる、文久の修陵においては、野口王墓は文武天皇陵として仮修補された。
English: As one of the reasons for the above restoration being a temporary one, it is considered that, yet again, there was a dissenting opinion concerning the determination of Noguchino Ono-haka being the Monmu Mausoleum.
Japanese: そのひとつの理由として、野口王墓が文武陵であるという治定に、なお異説があったことが考えられている。
English: It is possible that such a dissenting theory as above was the background of Noguchino Ono-haka undergoing a restoration as the interim Mausoleum of Emperor Monmu.
Japanese: このような異説が、なお野口王墓を文武天皇陵としては「仮修補」の扱いにしたこと可能性がある。
English: For unknown reasons, however, Tanimori's theory was never accepted and it seems that Noguchino Ono-haka remained to be tentatively identified as the Monmu Mausoleum until certain time.
Japanese: しかし、理由は不明であるが、この谷森の説は採用されず、ある時期まで引き続き仮のまま野口王墓は文武陵とされていたようである。
English: At some point in time between the restoration in the Bunkyu era and 1871, the determination was once again changed from Mise Maruyama to Noguchino Ono-haka.
Japanese: 文久の修陵以降～明治4年の間のいずれかの時期に、再度、見瀬丸山から野口王墓に治定変更されている。
English: In 1871, the determination was subsequently changed again whereby it was decided that Noguchino Ono-haka not to be the Tenmu-Jito Mausoleum.
Japanese: その後、明治4年にさらに治定変更が行われ、野口王墓は、天武持統陵ではなくなった。
English: In 1880, "Aoki no Sanryoki" was found in Kozan-ji Temple in Togano, Kyoto.
Japanese: 1880年（明治13年）に『阿不幾乃山陵記』が、京都栂尾の高山寺から発見された。
English: In light of the above, in December 1880, Sugaomi OSAWA and Nagaoki OHASHI, government officials of the Department of the Imperial Household (the present Imperial Household Agency) wrote 'A Study of the Location of the Hinokuma no Ouchi no Misasagi Mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito' ("Kobunroku" (Compiled Records of the Grand Council of State) owned by the National Archives of Japan).
Japanese: それをうけて、同年12月、宮内省官吏である大沢清臣（おおさわすがおみ）と大橋長憙（おおはしながおき）が、「天武天皇持統天皇檜隈大内陵所在考」（『公文録』国立公文書館所蔵）を著したのである。
English: In 'A Study of the Location of the Hinokuma no Ouchi no Misasagi Mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito,' the authors made a reference to the opinion of Tanimori in the foregoing stating that it was impossible for Mise Maruyama to be the Tenmu-Jito Mausoleum.
Japanese: この「天武天皇持統天皇檜隈大内陵所在考」では、前述の谷森の説をひき、見瀬丸山が天武持統陵ではありえないことを述べた。
English: And the authors argued that, since the descriptions of 'Aoki no Sanryo Rigo Noguchi' in the "Aoki no Sanryoki" and 'Yamato Aoki no Misasagi, the Mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu' in "Shoryo zoji chumon"(1200) agreed with one another, Noguchi was indeed 'Aoki,' the mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: また、『阿不幾乃山陵記』にある「阿不幾乃山陵里号野口」と『諸陵雑事註文』（1200年（正治2））において「大和青木御陵天武天皇御陵」の記載の一致から、野口こそが「青木」であり、天武天皇御陵であると主張したのである。
English: This 'Study of the location of the Hinokuma no Ouchi no Misasagi Mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito' was delivered to Kunaikyo (Minister of the Sovereign's Household) Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, and a request to revise the existing determination was submitted to Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) Sanetomi SANJO.
Japanese: この「天武天皇持統天皇檜隈大内陵所在考」は、宮内卿徳大寺実則に具申され、太政大臣三条実美に改定の伺いが出される。
English: In January 1881, this request was accepted by Department of the Interior of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and, subsequent to the submission for Imperial sanction, it was approved on February 1 of that year.
Japanese: この伺いは、1881年（明治14）1月に太政官内務部で可とされ、裁下を仰ぎ2月1日に可とされた。
English: As a result, Noguchino Ono-haka Tumulus was formally determined as the joint mausoleum of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito and that decision remains unchanged to the present.
Japanese: これにより、野口王墓は天武・持統合葬陵として正式に治定され、現代に至るまでその治定は変更されていない。
English: Additionally, with its status as an Imperial mausoleum being removed, Mise Maruyama was subsequently reclassified from a legendary mausoleum to a referable mausoleum which has remained unchanged to the present.
Japanese: なお、治定からはずされた見瀬丸山はその後、御陵墓伝説地から陵墓参考地へと変遷し、現代にいたる。
English: The Law of Funeral was issued in 646 but it did not negate construction of tombs as a whole.
Japanese: 646年（大化2）に薄葬令が出されたが、古墳造営のすべての否定ではなかった。
English: The actual situation was that a small group of the ruling class continued to build tumuli, whereas, the lower-ranking government official class and common people were not allowed to do so.
Japanese: 一部の支配者層だけは、古墳の造営を続け、下級官人及び庶民は古墳造営が禁止されたのが実情である。
English: Some tumuli including Noguchino Ono-haka Tumulus, Nakaoyama Kofun Tumulus and Takamatsuzuka Kofun Tumulus were constructed after the promulgation of the Law of Funeral.
Japanese: 本古墳をはじめ、中尾山古墳、高松塚古墳などは薄葬令以降の古墳である。
English: Kushiyama-kofun Tumulus is a candy-wrap-shaped tumulus (keyhole shape with one more handle) constructed in the latter half of the early Kofun period located in Yanagimoto-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 櫛山古墳（くしやまこふん）は、奈良県天理市柳本町に所在する古墳時代前期後半の双方中円古墳である。
English: As one of the Yanagimoto-kofun Tumuli Cluster, Kushiyama-kofun Tumulus abuts on the back circular part of Andonyama-kofun Tumulus and is on the upper hill toward the mountains.
Japanese: 櫛山古墳は、柳本古墳群の一つで、行燈山古墳の後円部に接して、より山側の高い位置にある。
English: As for the tumuli with this unique shape, there are Tatetsuki-iseki Tumulus in Okayama Prefecture and Nekozuka-kofun Tumulus of the Iwase Oyama-kofun Tumuli Cluster in Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture.
Japanese: この特異な墳形では、岡山県の楯築遺跡や香川県高松市の石清尾山（いわせおやま）古墳群の猫塚古墳がある。
English: Kushiyama-kofun Tumulus and Nekozuka-kofun Tumulus were constructed in the early Kofun period, but in the latter half of the same period, which corresponds to about 100 years later than Tatetsuki-iseki Tumulus was constructed.
Japanese: 櫛山古墳や猫塚は、古墳前期でもその後半に属する古墳で、楯築遺跡よりも100年ばかり後に築造された。
English: Kushiyama-kofun Tumulus has the irregular shape of an ordinary keyhole-shaped tumulus with another short protruding square-shaped part added to its back circular part of the front square part, not like Nekozuka which has two protruding square-shaped parts of almost the same size.
Japanese: 櫛山古墳は、猫塚のように、二つの方形突出部がほぼ均等な大きさでなく、むしろ普通の前方後円部にもう一つの短い突出部を付けたというような変形している。
English: It is understood that the soil over the whole burial mound was covered by approximately 30-centimeter fukiishi (a stone covering an old tomb).
Japanese: 30センチぐらいの大きさの葺き石が憤丘全体に葺かれていたと見られている。
English: While the middle circular part is almost perfect circle, the front square part is regular square without the frontal expanse and the arc shape in front.
Japanese: 中円部はほぼ正円形、前方部は正方形で前面の広がりや正面の弧状がない。
English: The drainage facilities were provided, and a 5-meter long, 3.4-meter wide tunnel was detected.
Japanese: 排水施設を備えていて、長さ5メートル、幅3.4メートルの土抗も検出されている。
English: At the time of the construction by the Japanese army of an airport in an open field nearby during the Pacific War, a part of Kushiyama-kofun Tumulus was messed up by digging.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争中に日本軍がこの近くの平野部に飛行場を建設した時に、櫛山古墳の一部が掘り荒らされた。
English: A 7.1-meter long, 1.4-meter wide vertical stone chamber was discovered on the top of the middle circular part, in which a part of an assembled slab Nagamochi-gata (chest-shaped) stone coffin was detected.
Japanese: 中円部の頂上で長さ7.1メートル、幅1.4メートルの竪穴式石室が発掘され、内部には組合せ式の長持形石棺の一部が検出された。
English: After the burial was finished, a religious service was performed by throwing intentionally broken various articles for daily use, earthen Magadama (comma-shaped beads) and Kudatama (cylindrical beads) together with pebbles into a large hole dug in the ground.
Japanese: 埋葬が終わった後、様々な日常品や土製の勾玉や管玉を故意に破損させて石ころと共に、大きく掘られた穴の中に投げ入れるつという祭祀が行われた。
English: Following items were excavated from the site of Saishi facilities in the back square part: Fragments of Hekigyoku (jasper) stone wristbands which are called Ishikushiro (stone bracelet), Sharinseki (carved stone objects with smooth radial fluting), and Kuwagata-ishi (hoe-shaped bracelets), fragments of clay artifacts copied from those three kinds of Hekigyoku products, Kudatama made of Hekigyoku, fragments of iron swords and Tosu (small knife), iron axes, relics called ancestral tablets shaped stone products which are presumed to be sample dolls' wreck, and Haji potteries including Takatsuki (small one-legged tray for one person) and jars.
Japanese: 後方部の祭祀状遺構で、石釧（いしくしろ）、車輪石、鍬形石、石製釧と呼ばれる碧玉製腕飾類の破片、それら三種の碧玉製品を模造した土製品の破片、碧玉の管玉、鉄剣・刀子の破片と鉄斧、位牌形石製品とよばれ、人形の形骸化したい試製品と想像される遺物、高坏や壺などの土師器が出土した。
English: Since vast number of remaining Hekigyoku were excavated after the digging without any plans, such as 107 Ishikushiro, 105 Sharinseki and 23 Kuwagata-ishi counted by their original unbroken forms, it can be presumed how large the numbers Hekigyoku were used.
Japanese: 碧玉製腕飾類は、もとの個体数にして石釧107、車輪石105、鍬形石23という膨大な量であるし、乱掘後残された数に過ぎないから、どれだけ多数が使われたかが分かる。
English: From a layer of accumulated gravels in the back square part, a Kuwagataishi-shaped clay artifact decorated with Chokko-mon (arc and straight-line pattern) was excavated.
Japanese: 後方部の白礫が堆積した層から直弧文を着けた鍬形石形の土製品が出土している。
English: Yamato Tenjinyama-kofun Tumulus is a keyhole-shaped tumulus constructed in the beginning of the early Kofun period located in Yanagimoto-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 大和天神山古墳（やまとてんじんやまこふん）は、奈良県天理市柳本町に所在する古墳時代前期初頭の古墳（前方後円墳）である。
English: In 1960, taking advantage of the prefectural road expansion work which happened to cut off a part of the back circular part of the tumulus, an urgent excavation and research was conducted.
Japanese: 1960年に県道拡張工事で後円部の一部が削られたのを機会に緊急発掘調査が行われた。
English: However, due to a policy that any person's name is not to be contained in the name of a tumulus, it was named Tenjinyama-kofun Tumulus taking the local name of the place.
Japanese: しかし、古墳名に人物名が混じらないという方針により、地元の呼称をとって天神山古墳とされた。
English: It is a 113-meter long keyhole-shaped mound located on a terrace and its front square part slightly expands like a dovetail, but the expanded length does not exceed the diameter of its back circular part.
Japanese: 台地上に立地する墳丘長113メートルの前方後円墳で、短めの前方部はわずかに撥形に開いており、その開きは後円部の直径を超えるものではない。
English: Although a detailed research was conducted on the central part of the wooden container, no traces of somebody's remains being buried was found.
Japanese: 木櫃の中央部が丹念に調査されたが、遺骸を埋葬していた形跡を認めることが出来なかった。
English: At the central part of the stone chamber, there remains a present 2.6-meter long wooden board, of which the center is divided by a partition making the space a wooden chest of one meter and 0.5 meter on the inside.
Japanese: 石室の中央部には、現存の長さ2.6メートルの板材が残っており、その中央は仕切り板で区切って、内法1×0.5メートルの木櫃状になっている。
English: The unique vertical stone chamber of this tumulus has a roof in Gassho style (an architect technique of stone-beamed roof combined to form a steep roof that resembles two hands together), that is, a roof sloping to both sides without any ceiling stone.
Japanese: 本古墳には、合掌式つまり石室の両側へと持ち送って、特に天井石を設けない特異な竪穴式石室である。
English: Inside the stone chamber, there was a large wooden container to be looking like a wooden coffin at a glance but better to be regarded as a Mokuhitsu (wooden chest) by a detailed study and about four kilograms of Shu (vermillion) was stored in it.
Japanese: 石室の内部には、一見木棺のようであるが細部を検討すると木櫃（もくひつ）とした方がよい大きな木製容器が置かれて、約4キロの朱が納められていた。
English: In view of a large amount of vermillion obtained and used, it is considered that it has some relationship with eastern Seto Inland Sea, because Tatetsuki Kofun Tumulus which used three kilograms of vermillion is located in Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture.
Japanese: 朱を大量に入手し使用している点で、3キロの朱を使用していた岡山県倉敷市の楯築古墳があり、東瀬戸内海との関連が考えられる。
English: The bottom board of this wooden chest is 2.6-meters long and 75-centimeters wide with its cross section showing loose U-shape.
Japanese: この木櫃の底板は、長さ2.6メートル、幅75センチであるが、断面は緩やかなＵ字形を呈している。
English: However, it is not a hollowed-out chest from a giant tree but a combination of three vertically long wooden boards.
Japanese: しかし、巨木を刳り抜いたものではなく、縦に長い三枚の板を合わせたものである。
English: The 20 pieces of Dokyo were placed around the wooden chest consecutively forming a rectangle, which is entirely different from such an arrangement of only one piece being placed in the center as frequently seen in the tumuli of the early Kofun period.
Japanese: 20面の銅鏡は木櫃の四周に連続して長方形に置かれていて、前期古墳にしばしば見られるように一面だけ中央に置いてあるという配列とは全く異なる。
English: Furthermore, on the outside of Koguchiita (the cut end of a board), two pieces were found on the north side and one piece on the south side, which made the number of bronze mirrors detected 23 pieces in total.
Japanese: また、木口板（こぐちいた）の外部にも北方で2面、南方で1面置かれていて、計23面の銅鏡が検出されている。
English: The 20 pieces in the wooden chest categorically consist of five pieces of Hokakukiku-kyo Mirror (also known as TLV mirror; a bronze mirror of which a circular boss inset on a square panel is in the center), four of Naiko Kamon-kyo Mirror (a bronze mirror with patterns like a flower-petal), four of Gamontai Shinjukyo Mirror (Mirror with figures of deities and sacred animals), two of Shaen Henkei Shinju-kyo Mirror (a mirror variation with half raised edge and relief engraving of animals and gods), three of Jukei-kyo Mirror (an animal-shaped mirror) and two of Gazo-kyo Mirror (a mirror casted images on the back).
Japanese: 木櫃内の20面を種類別に見ると、方格規矩鏡5面、内行花文鏡4面、画文帯神獣鏡4面、斜縁変形神獣鏡2面、獣形鏡3面、画像鏡2面である。
English: Sakurai Chausuyama Kofun is a huge keyhole-shaped mound constructed in the beginning of the early Kofun period located in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 桜井茶臼山古墳（さくらいちゃうすやまこふん）は、奈良県桜井市に所在する古墳時代前期初頭の巨大な前方後円墳である。
English: This tumulus is a 207-meter long Ekagami-shiki tumulus (hand mirror-type keyhole-shaped mound) with the hand mirror-shaped front square part located on the left bank of the Hase-gawa River abutting on the Iware region.
Japanese: 本古墳は、磐余の地に接した初瀬川の左岸にあり、墳丘長207メートル、前方部が柄鏡形をしている柄鏡式古墳である。
English: It is comparatively new one among the tumuli of the early Kofun period and is a huge keyhole-shaped tumulus constructed following Hashihaka Tumulus.
Japanese: 古墳時代初期の内でも比較的新しいものであり、箸墓に続いて造営された巨大な前方後円墳である。
English: It is a hand mirror-type keyhole-shaped tumulus utilizing a natural hill and covered by bush, which looks like a mere hill.
Japanese: 自然丘陵を利用し、柄鏡（えかがみ）式の前方後円墳で雑木林に覆われて、単なる丘陵の観を呈している。
English: There is a slightly less than two-meter high, 9.75-meter and 12.5-meter Kukei-dan (rectangular platform) with stuck stones (bricks) located on the top of the back circular part and porous Tsubogata doki earthenware (Niju Koen tsubogata doki [earthenware in a shape like double rim pot]) are placed squarely surrounding the foot of the platform.
Japanese: 後円部の頂に高さ2メートル弱、１辺9.75×12.5メートルの貼石のある矩形壇があり、また方形に巡る有孔の壺形土器（二重口縁壺形土器）が壇の裾周りに巡らされている。
English: While the Munakata-jinja Shrines throughout Japan, this particular Shrine in Yamato was unknown about when it was enshrined and when the Shaden (shrine building) was built.
Japanese: 宗像神社は、全国に散在していて、この大和にある神社は、いつ頃からの鎮座か、さらに社殿があるのは何時のことか分からない。
English: A research by radar scan in 2007 confirmed the existence of a rockwork underground drain ditch for draining the rainwater sunk into the soil of the burial mound.
Japanese: 墳丘にしみこんだ雨水を抜くための石組の地中排水溝があることが、レーダー探査による調査で2007年に確認されている。
English: It is known that there was a 9.75-meter and 12.5-meter Kukei-dan with the estimated height of a slightly less than two meters with stuck stones located on the top of the back circular part, and Nijukoen Tsubogata doki earthenware were placed around the foot of the platform.
Japanese: 後円部の頂上には、高さ2メートル弱と推定される一辺9.75×12.5メートルの貼り石のある矩形壇が知られており、その壇の裾周りに二重口縁の壺形土器が巡らされている。
English: Furthermore, under the above platform, there was a vertical stone chamber in which a long coffin with the length of 6.7 meters was kept but the chamber had already been robbed.
Japanese: さらに、その下に長さ6.7メートルの長大な棺を納めた竪穴式石室があり、既に盗掘を受けている。
English: It is a typical combination of burial goods of the early tumuli, which is characterized by making bronze mirrors, gems and weapons including Ken (sword of sharpened two edges) and Katana (a sword) as a set.
Japanese: 前期古墳の副葬品の典型的組合せ、つまり、銅鏡や玉類、剣や刀などの武器類をセットにしていることである。
English: At least, 13 pieces of mirrors in 9 categories were buried, that is, 1 piece each of Shaen Nishin Niju-kyo (a mirror with raised edge and relief engraving of two animals and two gods), Hokakukiku shishin-kyo Mirror (a round mirror with a square pattern in the middle and engraving of four gods), Jutai kyo (round mirror of animal pattern) and Hirabuchi (listel) Shinju-kyo Mirror (a mirror with relief engraving of animals), 3 pieces of Naiko Kamon-kyo Mirror (a mirror with patterns like a flower-petal) and 6 pieces of four types of Sankakubuchi Shinju-kyo Mirror (a round mirror with raised edge and relief engraving of animals and gods) on the basis of the restored pieces from fragments.
Japanese: 破片から復元すると斜縁二神二獣鏡、方格規矩四神鏡、獣帯鏡、平縁の神獣鏡各一面、内行花文鏡三面、三角縁神獣鏡四種6面、計9種類で少なくとも13面鏡が副葬されていた。
English: Todaijiyama Kofun is a keyhole-shaped tumulus constructed around the late fourth century corresponding to about the middle of the early Kofun period located in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 東大寺山古墳（とうだいじやまこふん）は、奈良県天理市に所在する古墳時代前期中葉にあたる4世紀後半頃に築造された前方後円墳である。
English: Among burial goods, there was a sword with 'Zhongping,' the era name inscription inlaid with 24 letters.
Japanese: 副葬品の中に、24文字を象嵌で刻み、「中平」紀年銘を持つ刀があった。
English: From Wani down to Ichinomoto, Tenri City, which used to be the base of Wani clan, there are tumuli presumed to have been constructed by the related families scattered on the hill which is about 70 meters higher than the plain area.
Japanese: 天理市和邇（わに）から櫟本（いちのもと）にかけては、和珥氏の拠点であり、関連一族が築造したと推定される古墳が平野部との比高差約70メートルの丘陵上に点在している。
English: Within the area of about 400 meters from east to west and 300 meters from north to south, there are pit dwelling houses surrounded by double karabori (dry moat), of which the structure is in common with Kannonjiyama Site in Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 東西約400メートル、南北300メートルの範囲内に竪穴式住居があって、二重の空堀が巡り、空堀の構造は大阪府和泉市の観音寺山遺跡に共通している。
English: This tumulus is located overlapping on this highland settlements sites and it was constructed about 150 to 200 years after the sites had finished its functions.
Japanese: 本古墳は、この高地性遺跡と重複するようにして存在し、その遺跡の役割が終わって150～200年ほど後に築造されている。
English: As for its scale and shape, it is an estimated 140-meter long keyhole-shaped tumulus, on which Ento haniwa (cylindrical haniwa) were placed in a surrounding way.
Japanese: 規模・形状は推定140メートルの前方後円墳で憤丘には円筒埴輪を巡らす。
English: In the main part of the burial facilities on the rounded rear part of the tumulus, there is an estimated 9.4-meter long, large-scale Nendokaku (clay surrounding wooden coffin), of which the main part had been robbed.
Japanese: 後円部の埋葬施設の主体部は、憤丘主軸に平行する木棺を覆った粘土槨があり、長さ推定9.4メートルの及ぶ大規模なもので、主要部分は盗掘を受けていた。
English: They are basically in the category of a three-leaf ring, a ring with three leaves confined in it, which have been excavated from Sekiganri Kofun Tumulus in Rakuro (an ancient county existed in the northern Korean Peninsula).
Japanese: 基本的には楽浪の石巌里（せきがんり）の古墳で出土しているような環の中に三葉形を入れた三葉環である。
English: Some of the iron swords have a house-shaped ring pommel and the pattern is similar to that of Kaoku monkyo (icons of four types of house carved on the ancient mirror) excavated from Samida Takarazuka Kofun Tumulus in Kawai-cho, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 鉄刀の中には、家形の環頭（かんとう）をつけた刀もあり、奈良県河合町の佐味田宝塚古墳出土の家屋文鏡の図形と類似している。
English: A 110-centimeter long iron sword with 24 letters inlaid with gold was excavated.
Japanese: 24文字を金象嵌で刻んだ長さ110センチメートルの鉄刀一本が出土した。
English: '中平□□(年)五月丙午造作文(支)刀百練清剛上応星宿□□□□(下避不祥)'
Japanese: 「中平□□（年）五月丙午造作文（支）刀百練清剛上応星宿□□□□（下避不祥）」
English: As it is a sword thoroughly tempered, it will please God in the heavens and keep you out of harm's way on the earth.'
Japanese: よく鍛えられた刀であるから、天上では神の御意に叶い、下界では禍を避けることができる」という意味である。
English: Zhongping is the name of the Emperor Ling's era in the Later Han Dynasty, which corresponds to 184 to 189 AD, and it was the time when 'Wakoku War' (Gishiwajinden [The Record of Japan in the "History of Wei"]) and 'Wakoku War' (Sosho [Sung Shu]) drew to a close.
Japanese: 中平とは後漢の霊帝の年号で、184～189年を指し、「倭国乱」（『魏志』倭人伝）「倭国大乱」（宋書）が終結した時期である。
English: The Zhongping sword with the year inlaid is considered to have been given by the Later Han Dynasty after the 'Wakoku War' came to an end.
Japanese: 中平銘紀年刀は「倭国乱」終結後、後漢王朝から下賜されたものであると考えられている。
English: However, it may be possible to think if the people in this area had communications with the Later Han of China.
Japanese: しかし、この地の人たちが中国の後漢と通交があったのではなかろうかと考えることができる。
English: The ring pommel attached to the iron sword is with Torimon kazari and inner bend, which is different from the straight swords typical of the early Kofun period in Japan, and so it is made in China (the Later Han) as the era name of Zhongping shows.
Japanese: 鉄刀に着けられていた環頭は鳥文飾りであり、内ぞりしていて、日本の前期古墳に特有の直刀とは違い、中平の年号が示すように中国（後漢）製である。
English: The Mesuriyama tumulus is a large keyhole-shaped tumulus in the early kofun period (tumulus period), located in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: メスリ山古墳（めすりやまこふん）は、奈良県桜井市に所在する古墳時代前期初頭の前方後円墳である。
English: Located on the immediate left side of the Hatsuse-gawa River bordered on the place called Iware, this tumulus belongs to the Torimiyama tumulus group, together with the 208-meter-long Sakurai Chausuyama tumulus (also called the Tobi Chausuyama tumulus).
Japanese: この古墳は、磐余の地に接した初瀬川の左岸にあり、桜井茶臼山古墳（墳丘長208メートル、外山（とび）茶臼山古墳ともいう）らと共に鳥見山古墳群に属する。
English: Its particular feature is that the secondary rock chamber of the burial facility looks exactly like a room for keeping articles left by the person buried there.
Japanese: 特徴的なのは、埋葬施設の副石室がまるで遺品庫の様相を呈していることである。
English: Because no record showing that this is an imperial mausoleum is included in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) nor in "the Engishiki" (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), there is a theory in which this tumulus should be excluded from the tumuli for Emperors.
Japanese: 『記・紀』や『延喜式』などに陵墓としての伝承がないので、大王墓から外す考えもある。
English: On the top of the round part of the tumulus, there is an approx. 11.3m X approx. 4.8m rectangle mound whose height is supposed to be 1m or higher, surrounded by haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs [kofun]) like takegaki (a bamboo fence).
Japanese: 後円部の頂に竹垣を巡らしたように埴輪の囲いがしてある箇所は、長辺約11.3メートル、短辺約4.8メートル、想定された高さ1メートルを下らない長方形の壇がある。
English: The tokushu-kidai (ceremonial vessel stand) and tokushu tsubo (ceremonial jar), with a height of 2.4m and with a diameter of 1.3m, is the largest of its kind in Japan.
Japanese: 特殊器台・特殊壺は、高さ2.4メートル、径1.3メートルで日本最大である。
English: The 6-meter-long X 70-centimeter-wide X 60-centimeter-high secondary stone chamber beside the main stone chamber has been escaped from being excavated by bandits.
Japanese: 主石室の横にあった副石室は、長さ6メートル、幅70センチメートル、高さ60センチメートルで盗掘を免れている。
English: It is a gassho-shiki type (a type with the shape of putting the palms of hands together) stone chamber, and no dead body was placed there, with only arms being buried.
Japanese: 合掌式の石室で、内部には遺骸がなく、武器ばかりが埋納されていている。
English: In the main stone chamber, products made using precious stones, such as magadama (comma-shaped beads of hisui (jade)), cylindrical beads of jasper, stone bracelets resembling shell bracelets, miniature chairs of stone, miniature combs and miniature lidded small containers, were placed.
Japanese: 主石室は、遺体を埋葬し、玉石製品では翡翠の勾玉、碧玉の管玉、貝輪を真似た石製の腕輪類、ミニチュア化した石製の椅子、櫛、合子などを納めた。
English: In the secondary stone chamber, 212 iron halberds each with a shaft were placed in the way that about each half of them were placed with their tips against one end of the room.
Japanese: 副石室は、副葬品を納め、212本の茎式鉄矛、これらの鉄矛は、約半数ずつ石室の両端に鋒（きつさき）を向け合った形になっていた。
English: Iron halberds each with an iron-sword type tip shape, which were also unearthed in the southern part of the Korean peninsular as well as in the northern Kyushu area, constituted main arms at that time.
Japanese: 鉄剣形の槍先にした鉄矛は、朝鮮半島南部や北九州でも出土していて、当時の武器の中心になっていた。