nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Seishinko-ki is the diary of FUJIWARA no Saneyori who acted as a Kanpaku (chief adviser to the emperor) in the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 清慎公記（せいしんこうき）とは、平安時代中期に関白を務めた藤原実頼の日記。
English: The name 'Seishinko' is Saneyori's Shigo (posthumous title), and ''Seishinko-ki'' is also referred to as Suishinki which is named after the left-hand radicals of the Chinese characters (清慎), and Ononomiyaki which is named after Saneyori's mansion.
Japanese: 「清慎公」は実頼の諡号で、その字の偏より水心記（すいしんき）、邸宅の名称から小野宮記（おののみやき）とも称した。
English: These names, however, came into use after the death of Saneyori, who himself referred to it as simply 'Shiki' (a private record) which was a term the nobility commonly used for their personal diaries at that time.
Japanese: もっとも、これらの名称は実頼没後の呼称であり、実頼本人は単に「私記」と称していた（これは、当時の貴族が自己の日記に用いた一般的な名称である）。
English: FUJIWARA no Saneyori is known for his deep study of Girei (rites), and the diary, is said to include many definitions about the rituals and customs of the imperial court, later it became the primary written material in a school called Ononomiya line, of which he was the founder.
Japanese: 藤原実頼は、儀礼について深く研究したことで知られ、後に小野宮流と呼ばれる彼を祖とする流派の根本資料となる宮中の儀礼・慣習に関する記述が多数含まれていたと言われている。
English: According to an anecdote, there was an incident in which the whole collection of the original book of ''Seishinko-ki'' was cut into pieces because Saneyori's grandchild - FUJIWARA no Kinto – cut and pasted the original book of ''Seishinko-ki'' when he was making up 'Burui,' a descriptive content of ''Seishinko-ki'' broken into categories, and his cousin-FUJIWARA no Sanesuke was inflamed with rage. (''Shoyuki'' Sep 14, 1020/Aug 9, 1025/Jul 31, 1028 etc.)
Japanese: だが、孫の藤原公任が『清慎公記』の記述内容を分野別にまとめた「部類」を作成する際に『清慎公記』の原本を切り貼りしてしまったために全巻が紙屑と化してしまうという出来事があり、従兄弟の藤原実資が激怒したという逸話がある（『小右記』寛仁4年8月18日条、万寿2年7月7日条、同5年7月1日条他）。
English: It is said that Sanesuke was furious because Kinto spoiled the original book, which had belonged to him, a direct descendant of the Ononomiya family, by cutting and pasting it without any permission.
Japanese: これは小野宮家の嫡流とされた実資が持っていた原本を公任が勝手に切り貼りして原本を駄目にしたからであると言われている。
English: Furthermore, a part of the 'Burui' that Kinto made was destroyed in a fire when it was kept in the house of FUJIWARA no Norimichi (according to ''Shoyuki'' May 9, 1015) who was Kinto's adopted son-in-law, and later the 6 volumes that were assumed to be remains of the 'Burui,' were handed over to FUJIWARA no Munetada (the author of "Chuyuki") from FUJIWARA no Akinaka in exchange for lumber, and later were lent to Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.
Japanese: 更に公任の作成した「部類」の一部も公任娘婿の藤原教通の家に置かれたときに火災に遇い焼失（『小右記』長和4年4月13日条）し、その後残りとされる6巻が小野宮家の藤原顕仲から藤原宗忠（『中右記』の著者）に材木と引き換えに譲り受け、後に白河法皇に貸し出された。
English: However, Munetada didn't recognize the book, simply titled 'Shiki,' as ''Seishinko-ki,'' and later there was a conflict between Akinaka who claimed he gave the book to Munetada, and Munetada who claimed he didn't receive it.
Japanese: しかし、宗忠は単に「私記」と記してあった書が『清慎公記』と気づかずに、後日になって同書を譲ったとする顕仲と事実無根とする宗忠の間に紛争となったとされる。
English: In ''Hokuzansho,'' written by FUJIWARA no Kinto, there is a citation with a note that says 'Shiki,' and it is thought to be a citation from the ''Seishinko-ki.''
Japanese: なお、藤原公任の著書『北山抄』には「私記」と注記された引用部分があり、これは『清慎公記』からの引用であると考えられている。
English: Goryakuso is a ceremony conducted during pre-modern periods, in which a Year calendar is presented on every November first (old lunar calendar) by Onmyoryo to the Emperor via Nakatsukasasho.
Japanese: 御暦奏（ごりゃくそう）とは、近代以前において毎年11月1日(旧暦)に陰陽寮から中務省を経由して天皇に対して翌年の暦が奏進される儀式のこと。
English: An article on calendar making given in the Zoryo (Law on Miscellaneous Matters) of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code stipulate that Onmyoryo (more concretely Rekihakase) should make beforehand a New Year calendar and submit it to the Nakatsukasasho on every November 1st and that the Nakatsukasasho should present it to the Emperor.
Japanese: 養老律令雑令造暦条に、陰陽寮（具体的には暦博士）が毎年予め来年の暦を作成して11月1日に中務省に送り、同省はそれを天皇に奏聞すること。
English: And that a calendar should be distributed to each official before the current year ends and the ceremony is conducted according to this rule.
Japanese: 各官司に1本ずつ与えて年が終わる前に頒布することが定められており、これに基づいて行われる儀式である。
English: According to the "Seiji yoryaku" published in the Heian period, two copies of guchureki and one copy of shichiyoreki were presented to the emperor (the Goryakuso ceremony was conducted to on the New Year's Day for the shichiyoreki because it was presented after New Year's Felicitations to the emperor) and two copies of guchureki were presented to the chugu and togu.
Japanese: 平安時代に書かれた『政事要略』によれば、天皇に対しては「御暦」として具注暦2巻と天皇のみに献上される七曜暦1巻（ただし、七曜暦は元日の朝賀の後で天皇に献上されるものであったため、元日に七曜暦のための御暦奏が行われた）、中宮と東宮に具注暦2巻が奏進される。
English: Besides that, 166 copies of hanreki to be distributed to the government official and the provinces were also presented.
Japanese: この他に各官司及び諸国の国府向けに作成される頒暦166巻が奏進された。
English: Since a new guchureki was published every half year (therefore two new calendars per year), it is considered that a copy of guchureki was made for emperor, chugu and empress.
Japanese: ただし、当時の具注暦は半年で1巻（2巻で1年分）とされていたため、実際には天皇・中宮・皇后に具注暦各1部が作成されたと考えられている。
English: As for hanreki, there are two widely-held explanations: one alleging that the calendar was published twice a year and eighty-three copies were distributed, like guchureki (explanation held by Toshiya TORAO and Hideo HIROSE) and the other alleging that the calendar was published once a year and 166 copies were distributed (explanation held by Hidesaburo HARA and Katsuaki YAMASHITA).
Japanese: 頒暦については、具注暦と同様に2巻で1年分として83部とする説（虎尾俊哉・広瀬秀雄説）と1巻で1年分として166部とする説（原秀三郎・山下克明説）が存在する。
English: Onmyoryo informed, by every May first and via Nakatsukasasho, the related officials of quantity of materials necessary for making the calendar of the next year.
Japanese: 陰陽寮は毎年5月1日までに来年の暦を作成するのに必要な物資の量について中務省を経由して関連官司に通知した。
English: The books related to the calendar, made by Rekihakase, were submitted to the Onmyoryo by June twenty-first and August first respectively for Hanreki and Guchureki (and for shichiyoreki by December twenty-first).
Japanese: 暦博士は原稿となる暦本を作成して、頒暦は6月21日、具注暦は8月1日（七陽暦は12月21日）までに陰陽寮に提出された。
English: The Onmyoryo established Onkoyomidokoro, a temporary specialized department to make calendars, where, once the books were submitted, are prepared for the day of calendar distribution by presenting calendars to the Emperor.
Japanese: 暦博士による暦本提出後、陰陽寮は暦作りの専門部署として御暦所と呼ばれる臨時の機関を設置して、献上する暦の製作にあたらせて当日に備えた。
English: According to "Dairishiki" (Ceremonial Book of the Court) and "Jogan gishiki" (ceremony in the manner of Jogan period), on the day of the presentation of the calendar, the emperor arrives at the Shishinden, the Minister and Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs steps forward to the court of the Shishinden, followed by Onmyo no kami and suke shouldering a desk carrying the guchureki and by Onmyo no jo and zoku shouldering a chest containing the hanreki.
Japanese: 『内裏式』や『貞観儀式』によれば、当日は天皇が紫宸殿に出御し、中務省の輔と丞が具注暦を載せた案（台）を担いだ陰陽頭・助及び頒暦を収めた櫃を担いだ陰陽允・属を率いて紫宸殿の庭中に進み出る。
English: When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).
Japanese: 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
English: Besides that, calendar presentation was made separately to chugu and togu by Onmyoryo and similar treatment was sometimes given to junsangu (according to "Teishin koki-sho Extract").
Japanese: なお、中宮･東宮には別途に陰陽寮からの奏進が行われ、更に准三宮にも同様の待遇が与えられる場合があった（『貞信公記抄』）。
English: At the beginning, rekihakase participated only in making calendar books and were not involved in the onkoyomidokoro and goryakuso, but from the late ninth century, he began to participate in goryakuso together with Onmyo no kami and suke (according to "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku" dated on December 4, 886).
Japanese: なお、当初は暦博士は暦本作成のみを担当し、御暦所や御暦奏には関与しなかったが、9世紀後期より陰陽頭・助と交じって御暦奏に加わる例が見られるようになった（『日本三代実録』仁和2年11月丙子朔（1日）条）。
English: But sometimes San hakase and Sukuyoshi protested a new calendar presented to the emperor and engaged in a dispute over amending the calendar and it was not uncommon to see the calendar amended (the new year calendar modified or changed) after the New Year Day.
Japanese: だが、奏進された新暦に対して、算博士や宿曜師などが異議を申し立てて、暦博士と改暦論争が始まる場合があり、場合によっては年が明けてから改暦（この場合はその年の暦の修正・変更のこと）が行われることも珍しくはなかった。
English: Kamiyain, who had been making paper in Toshoryo, had difficulty making paper because of the shortage of material, and therefore, began to make recycled paper called shukushi, and this made it difficult for Toshoryo to supply good quality paper for calendar to Onmyoryo.
Japanese: 図書寮で紙製造を扱っていた紙屋院は、原料貢進不足から新しい紙を漉くことが困難となり、宿紙を専門とするようになり図書寮が陰陽寮に暦に堪えうる料紙を支給することが困難になってきた。
English: According to the "Seikyuki," a book supposed to have described the court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette in the latter half of the 16th century, the number of copies of hanreki to be presented to the emperor was 120.
Japanese: 10世紀後期の状況を示していると考えられている『西宮記』で御暦奏で進上される頒暦は120巻と記されている。
English: But this was a quasi-ideal number and in fact, in the goryakuso in 941, the emperor was not present and only eleven copies of the calendar were presented, and in the goryakuso during 993, Sakutantoji was not celebrated, no copies of the calendar was presented to the emperor and no chest arrived at the court (each according to "Honcho seiki").
Japanese: しかも、それは半ば理想的な数字で、天慶4年の御暦奏には天皇の出御もない上に11巻しか奏進されず、正暦4年の御暦奏に至っては朔旦冬至にも関わらず、遂に頒暦の奏進が0巻で櫃の入場がないという事態となった（いずれも『本朝世紀』）。
English: It is thought that the same practices were carried out for the emperor, too.
Japanese: 当然、天皇に対しても摂関家と同様の措置が行われていたと考えられている）。
English: Later, when insei period started, people made it rule to present three copies of the calendar to kanmu and kyokumu and one copy to kirokujo in the year of sakutan toji (according to "Chuyuki" by FUJIWARA no Munetada in 1126, "Einin gonen sakutan tojiki" by Kamo no Sadakiyo in 1297 and "Daigeki morotoyoki" by Morotoyo NAKAHARA in 1392).
Japanese: その後、院政期に入ると朔旦冬至の年に官務と局務に各3部ずつ、記録所に1部を進上することが慣例化された（大治(日本)元年藤原宗忠『中右記』・永仁5年賀茂定清『永仁五年朔旦冬至記』・明徳3年中原師豊『大外記師豊記』）。
English: Besides that, Kamo clan, who had been taking over the post of rekihakase by succession in the government office contract system since the Heian period, thanks to its tradition and its experience, began to claim that goryakuso was its exclusive right and began to get the emperor to agree not to involve Abe clan in goryakuso even if they were Onmyonokami (according to "Heikoki" by TAIRA no Tsunetaka on December 5 and 13, 1240).
Japanese: 更に平安時代以来官司請負制のもとで暦博士を世襲してきた賀茂氏はその伝統と実績を背景として御暦奏を同氏の専権として主張するようになり、阿倍氏が陰陽頭であっても関与させないことを朝廷に認めさせるようになった（平経高『平戸記』仁治元年閏10月14日・22日条）。
English: Even in such a situation, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga and Iezane KONOE renewed the tools and took measures to encourage calendar-making, but this ended up as a temporally solution, and the record on the last goryakuso is an article in "Yasutomi ki" on November 21, 1449 who said: the number of copies for kanmu and kyokumu were reduced to two, respectively.
Japanese: その最中でも藤原頼長や近衛家実によって道具の一新や頒暦制作の振興措置が取られたが一時的なものに終わり、宝徳元年に官務･局務分をそれぞれ2部に削減して行われたことが判明（『康富記』宝徳元年11月21日条）するのが最後の御暦奏の記録である。
English: Since no record existed of the goryakuso in 1468 and the last sakutan toji was carried out at Shoshu (the merit of carrying out goryakuso at the sakutan toji disappeared), it is thought that goryakuso was abolished due to the Onin War that broke out the previous year.
Japanese: 次の応仁2年（1468年）については御暦奏の記録はなく、かつ章首の朔旦冬至が実施された最後のもの（朔旦冬至に御暦奏を行う意義の消滅）であったことから、その前年に発生した応仁の乱の影響で廃絶したものと考えられている。
English: It is a popular name of a judgment by the Supreme Court of Japan that mainly judged photographing for criminal investigation as lawful and constitutional.
Japanese: 京都府学連事件（きょうとふがくれんじけん）は、主として、犯罪捜査としての写真撮影の適法性・合憲性が問題とされ、それぞれ適法・合憲と判断された、日本の最高裁判所による判決の通称。
English: The Judgment of the Grand Bench by the Supreme Court of Japan (Keishu Vol. 23, No. 12, at 1625) dated on December 24, 1969.
Japanese: 最高裁判所昭和44年12月24日大法廷判決（刑集23巻12号1625頁）。
English: The case was brought for obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury and the defendant claimed the illegality of the investigation which was judged as lawful after all and was convicted of the facts constituting the offense charged.
Japanese: 公務の執行を妨害する罪及び傷害罪に問われた被告人が捜査の違法性を争ったが、適法とされ、公訴事実それ自体についても、有罪とされた。
English: On June 21 in 1962, the student union of Kyoto Prefecture organized the demonstration against the reform of university management because it included more authority of the Ministry of Education (at the time) to assign and control the presidents of the national universities.
Japanese: 昭和37年6月21日、折からの大学管理制度改革（文部大臣（当時）による国立大学の学長選任権及び監督権を強化する内容が含まれていた）に対して反対するデモが、京都府学生自治会連合（京都府学連）の主宰により行われた。
English: They marched with the students of Ritsumeikan University in the lead and went to Maruyama Park in Higashiyama Ward of Kyoto City, in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 立命館大学の学生を先頭に行進し、京都市東山区の円山公園(京都府)へと向かった。
English: The defendant was a student of Ritsumeikan University's Faculty of Law at that time and marched off the leading group of the demonstration to lead the demonstration march.
Japanese: 当時、立命館大学法学部の学生であった被告人は、デモ隊先頭集団の列外に立って行進し、デモ隊を誘導していた。
English: The demonstration march was held after obtaining permission of the Kyoto Prefecture Public Safety Commission, with the conditions that ''the marching shall be in fours'' and ''the marching shall proceed on the eastern side of the carriageway.''
Japanese: このデモ行進は、京都市公安条例上の許可を得た上で行われたものであったが、京都市公安委員会は、本件デモ行進を許可するにあたって、『行進隊列は4列縦隊とすること』及び『車道の東側端を進行すること』という条件が付されていた。
English: But the defendant, who did not know fully about the condition of permission, led the demonstration march around the center of the intersection.
Japanese: ここでデモ隊は、上記許可条件を熟知していなかった被告人の誘導により、交差点の中央付近まで進行してしまった。
English: The defendant was going to turn to the left around there and continue to march as planned, but the riot police thought that they were not going to turn and tried to stop them from going straight on Kawaramachi Street to the south.
Japanese: 被告人としては、交差点中央付近から左折して、予定通りの行進を行うつもりであったが、機動隊は、デモ隊がそのまま河原町通を南下するものと見てこれを阻止しようとした。
English: In the confusion the demonstration march was not in fours and moved forward in the center of the street.
Japanese: この混乱によってデモ隊は、4列縦隊を崩し、道路の中央部分を進行する形となった。
English: A Police Officer of Kyoto Prefectural Police, who was engaged in inspecting the demonstration march to see whether or not there was violation of the conditions for permission and collecting evidence of any such violation, found that the march was in violation of the conditions for permission, and photographed the front part of the marching crowd.
Japanese: 許可条件への違反状況の視察と採証職務に従事していた京都府警の巡査、この状況を実際に確認し、許可条件への違反があったものと判断して、歩道上から、デモ隊の先頭集団を写真撮影した。
English: When the defendant saw that the police officer was photographing, he protested to the police officer ''who are you photographing for?'' but he was ignored.
Japanese: 巡査による写真撮影を見た被告人は、巡査に対し「どこのカメラマンか」と抗議したが、巡査は被告人の抗議をことさらに無視した。
English: The defendant got angry and took the flag pole of a demonstration member and stabbed the police officer's lower jaw, causing an injury that would take one week to heal completely.
Japanese: これに憤慨した被告人は、他のデモ隊員が持っていた旗竿を取り上げ、巡査の下あごを突き、全治1週間の傷害を負わせた。
English: The defendant was charged with obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury, but he claimed that the police officer's photographing was an illegal investigation and therefore the official duties were not legal and the charge was not valid (it is generally accepted that the charge for obstruction of performance of official duties is not valid when the official duties are illegal).
Japanese: 被告人は、公務執行妨害罪及び傷害罪で起訴されたが、巡査による写真撮影は違法捜査であるから、適法な公務執行ではなく、これに抵抗しても公務執行妨害罪は成立しない、として争った（違法な公務執行がなされた場合に公務執行妨害罪が成立しないことは、一般に認められている）。
English: The defender was found guilty both at the first trial (Kyoto District Court) and the appeal court (Osaka High Court), so he argued jokoku appeal.
Japanese: 第一審（京都地裁）、控訴審（大阪高裁）ともに、被告人を有罪としたため、被告人は上告。
English: The defendant claimed that Kyoto City Ordinance was in violation of Article 21 of the Constitution and the police officer's act of photographing the defendant against his will and the violation of the right of portrait (violation of Article 13 of the Constitution) without a warrant issued by a judge are also in violation of Article 35 of the Constitution which provides for the principle of warrant.
Japanese: 被告人は、京都市公安条例は憲法違反（憲法21条違反）であること、巡査による写真撮影は、被告人の意思に反するものであり、肖像権を侵害し（憲法13条違反）、かつ、令状を得て行われたものではないから、令状主義にも反する（憲法35条）と主張した。
English: In response, the Supreme Court judged that Kyoto City Ordinance was not in violation of the Constitution and the police officer's act was not in violation of the Constitution.
Japanese: これに対し、最高裁は、京都市公安条例は合憲であると判断し、巡査による写真撮影が違憲・違法なものではないと判断した。
English: First, in this judgment the right of portrait was guaranteed for the first time (it was not 'the right of portrait' itself that was guaranteed, but it has been recognized that the same constitutional benefit was guaranteed).
Japanese: 第一に、本判決は、最高裁が、肖像権を初めて認めた事例である（「肖像権」という権利を認めたわけではないが、実質的にこれと同じ憲法上の利益を認めたものと認識されている）。
English: The judgment stated 'As part of such citizens' freedom in private life, any person has the right not to have his/her face or appearance (hereinafter referred to as 'the appearance, etc.') photographed without consent or good reason' based on Article 13 of the Constitution.
Japanese: 判決は、憲法13条を根拠に、「個人の私生活上の自由の一つとして、何人も、その承諾なしに、みだりにその容ぼう・姿態（以下「容ぼう等」という。）を撮影されない自由を有する」と述べた。
English: Moreover it stated 'Apart from whether or not such right can be referred to as right of portrait, it must be said at least that if a police officer, without a good reason, has photographed the appearance, etc. of a citizen, such an act should be regarded as being in violation of the purport of Article 13 of the Constitution and therefore it is unallowable.'
Japanese: その上で、「これを肖像権と称するかどうかは別として、少なくとも、警察官が、正当な理由もないのに、個人の容ぼう等を撮影することは、「憲法13条の趣旨に反し、許されないものと言わなければならない」とした。
English: Second, the judgment allowed room clearly that photographing was not in violation of the Constitution, even if the photographs had been taken without the citizen's consent or a warrant issued by a judge (and the photographing in this case was not in violation of Article 35 of the Constitution).
Japanese: 第二に、本判決は、撮影対象となる被疑者の同意や令状がなくても、写真撮影が適法とされる余地を明確に認めた（そして、本件写真撮影は適法であり、憲法35条に違反するものではないとした）。
English: This judgment stated 'If a police officer has photographed the appearance, etc. of a citizen in circumstances as below, the police officer was allowed to photograph without the citizen's consent or a warrant issued by a judge.'
Japanese: 本判決は、「次のような場合には、撮影される本人の同意がなく、また裁判官の令状がなくても、警察官による個人の容ぼう等の撮影が許容される」として、以下のように述べている。
English: In case that a crime is being committed or it does not seem long since a crime was committed, there is an urgent need for preservation of evidence, and the photographs have been taken by an appropriate method within a generally allowable limit.'
Japanese: 「現に犯罪が行われもしくは行われたのち間がないと認められる場合であって、しかも証拠保全の必要性及び緊急性があり、かつその撮影が一般的に許容される限度を超えない相当な方法を持って行われるときである。」
English: However, the judgment caused arguments mainly with the two opinions as follows.
Japanese: ただし、判示部分の意味については、争いがあり、主に以下の2つの見解が存在した。
English: First, it was interpreted that the Supreme Court showed the criteria for photographing in the course of investigation legally required the three conditions as follows: (1) Circumstances in which a crime is being committed or it does not seem long since a crime was committed; (2) There is an urgent need for preservation of evidence; (3) Photographs taken by an appropriate method within a generally allowable limit.
Japanese: 第一は、最高裁は、捜査としての写真撮影を適法に行うためには、(1)現行犯的状況、(2)証拠保全の必要性・緊急性、(3)相当性という3つの要件が備わっていなければならない、という基準を示したのだ、という解釈である。
English: Second, it was interpreted that the Supreme Court left room that photographing without the three conditions above was not always illegal and even in cases without those conditions (especially without (1) Circumstances in which a crime is being committed or it does not seem long since a crime was committed) photographing could be legal.
Japanese: 第二は、最高裁は、上記3つの要件を充たさない写真撮影は全て違法であるとまでは述べておらず、それ以外の場合（特に、(1)現行犯的状況がない場合）でも、写真撮影を適法とする余地は残している、という解釈である。
English: "TAIRA no Tomonobu Asonki" is a diary written by TAIRA no Tomonobu who was a government official at the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 平知信朝臣記（たいらのとものぶあそんき）は、平安時代末期の官人平知信の日記。
English: It has been also known as "Tomonobu-ki" or "Tomonobu-asonki."
Japanese: 『知信記』（とものぶき）・『知信朝臣記』（とものぶあそんき）とも呼ばれる。
English: In the Yomei-bunko library, Kyoto, two old manuscripts of April, 1127 to November, 1131 and April to May, 1132 (important cultural properties) and two newer manuscripts of January to March, 1132 and fall to winter, 1132 are exist.
Japanese: 京都陽明文庫に大治(日本)2年（1127年）4月～大治(日本)5年11月及び天承2年（1132年）4月～同年5月の古写本2巻（重要文化財）と、天承2年正月～同年3月及び同年秋冬の新写本2巻が現存。
English: These existing sections were written when TAIRA no Tomonobu was assigned as a lesser councilor of state after served as Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War) and Hyobu no Gon no Taifu (provisional senior assistant minister of Hyobusho Ministry of Military).
Japanese: これらの現存部分は、筆者の平知信が兵部少輔から兵部権大輔を経て少納言に任命された時期。
English: It has been a useful historical document for learning the movements of the sekkan-ke of the cloister government period since it has more detailed articles than the "Chuyuki" (diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) and "Choshuki" (diary of MINAMOTO no Morotoki).
Japanese: 部分的に『中右記』や『長秋記』よりも詳細な記事があり、院政期の摂関家の動向について知る上で有用な歴史資料となっている。
English: Furthermore, "February, 1135 of Yorinaga Nintaisho-ki," which is a supplement of FUJIWARA no Yorinaga's diary "Taiki," is actually this "TAIRA no Tomonobu Asonki."
Japanese: なお、藤原頼長の日記『台記』の別記である長承四年二月頼長任大将記は、実はこの『平知信朝臣記』である。
English: The appointment to Shogun refers to a ceremony where the Emperor granted the title of seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") as the head of a military government and to govern Japan.
Japanese: 将軍宣下（しょうぐんせんげ）とは、天皇が武家政権の長であり、日本国の統治大権を行使する征夷大将軍位を与える儀式のこと。
English: The head of the military government gained the administrative power by his own military force and governed according to feudalism land ownership and law.
Japanese: 武家政権の長は自己の軍事力によって政権を獲得して、封建制度的な土地所有と法律による支配を実施した。
English: However, official recognition to hold administrative power as the head was made according to the appointment to Shogun by the Emperor who still maintained the position as the central authority.
Japanese: だが、その政権及びその長としての公認はいまだ中央権力としての地位を保っていた天皇による将軍宣下によって行われた。
English: It means that even the Tokugawa shogun family, who eclipsed Imperial Court's authority, exerted control over Imperial Court by the "Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto" (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) etc., and gained the structure of 'kogi' (shogunate) and the position of 'feudal king,' had to rely on the appointment by the Emperor in order to legitimate their dominion.
Japanese: これは朝廷の権威が失墜して、禁中並公家諸法度などによって朝廷にすら支配権を及ぼして「公儀」の体制と「封建王」的な地位を獲得した徳川将軍家でさえ、その支配の正統性は天皇による将軍宣下に依存しなければならなかったことを意味する。
English: Under the appointment to Shogun, the position of the Genji choja (the top of the Minamoto clan) was finally authorized to qualify as the head of the influential family called Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 将軍宣下によって初めて清和源氏という権門の長である資格を証明する源氏長者の地位を公認された。
English: At the same time, with the delegation of national authority, he was now called 'Kubo-sama' or 'Shogun-sama' (honorific title for a shogun).
Japanese: 同時に国家的授権行為が行われる事によって「公方様」あるいは「将軍様」となりえた事が示している。
English: Moreover, Tokugawa Shogun, who existed as 'feudal king' and even controlled the Imperial Court, however, followed the order calling himself 'supreme ruler' and the Emperor 'king' when he paid a visit to the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: そして、実際には「封建王」的存在として朝廷すら支配していた徳川将軍でさえ、将軍宣下と上洛参内の時には天皇を「王」、将軍を「覇者」とする秩序に従っていたのである。