nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Motsugai said, 'Hachidai Ryuo (Eight Dragon Kings) would have received each of them,' making the people in the village impressed.
Japanese: 物外は「八大竜王が一個ずつ受納されたのだろう」といって村人を感心させたという。
English: In 1848, Kaio NUKINA, who was known as a good literati painter, visited Motsugai and asked him to show his power.
Japanese: 嘉永元年（1848年）、文人画の名手として知られた貫名海屋が物外を訪問して力業を見せてもらいたいと頼んだ。
English: Motsugai went into a bamboo thicket behind the temple, stripping the bamboo leaves by pulling the hand along the branch, squashing them with the tip of his finger, and having kimono sleeves pulled back, then showed his swordplay with his disciples.
Japanese: 物外は寺の裏の竹林に入り、素手で竹の枝葉をしごき落とし、指先で拉いで襷掛けし、門人と剣術をして見せた。
English: Then Motsugai had men wind around his hip with a hawser, making four sumo wrestlers pull it with all their strength, but Motsugai did not move at all.
Japanese: 次に、物外の腰に船のとも綱を巻き付け、4人の相撲取りにをこれを持たせて力の限りに引っ張らせたが、物外はビクともしなかったという。
English: He met a high priest and drank tea, having a chat, then the samurai suddenly grabbed his tea bowl and broke it into pieces.
Japanese: 和尚と対面してお茶を喫み、雑談をしていたところ、武士はいきなり手にした茶碗を鷲づかみにして、砕いてみせた。
English: So Motsugai turned his tea bowl three times with his three fingers, and broke it into small pieces with the tip of his finger, then the samurai surrendered to him, going back home.
Japanese: そこで物外が自分の茶碗を指3本で3度回し、指先で茶碗を微塵に砕いて見せたところ、武士は降参して帰った。
English: In front of the Saiho-ji Temple's gate there was a chozubachi (a water basin used to rinse the hands or as a decorative element in gardens) made of granite, whose height was two shaku (60.6 cm) and more, width was three shaku (about 90.9 cm), and length was seven shaku (212.1 cm).
Japanese: 済法寺の門前に高さ2尺余、幅3尺、長さ7尺ほどの花崗岩の手水鉢がある。
English: One day when Motsugai was sweeping a courtyard, a knight-errant visited him.
Japanese: ある日、物外が中庭の掃除をしているとき、ひとりの武者修行者が訪ねてきた。
English: He asked, 'Is Priest Motsugai at home?' so Motsugai got sick of it as such a visitor came again, answering 'He is not at home now,' and lifted up a corner of the chozubachi with his left hand, sweeping garbage under the stone away with the broom in his right hand.
Japanese: 「物外和尚は御在宅でござるか」と聞くので、またか、と面倒くさくなった物外は、「ただいま不在であります」と答え、左手で手水鉢の一角をもち上げ、右手の箒で石の下のゴミを掃き出した。
English: It is said that he made a bet with heavers at a wharf in Onomichi and put 16 bags of rice on his shoulder.
Japanese: 尾道では、船着場の仲仕たちと賭をして、米俵16俵を一肩で担いだという。
English: There is an anecdote of his stopping a cargo boat in the sea which left Onomichi for Osaka, pulling up the boat to the beach of Maiko, and getting on it.
Japanese: 尾道から大坂に向かう荷船を海中で引き留め、舞子の浜まで引き上げて乗せてもらったという話もある。
English: According to the 58 page of "Anecdotes about Priest Motsugai" (Doken TAKADA, 1904) in the modern digital library of the National Diet Library, when Motsugai went about asking for alms in Kyoto and he was seen to look in on the training hall of Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) by an officer.
Japanese: によれば、物外が京の町を托鉢中、新選組の道場を覗いていたところを隊士が目をつけた。
English: Stop it, stop it. He is not a man you can beat,' said Isami KONDO, who was watching them, and appeared.
Japanese: 「やめろ、やめろ。君たちの手に負える坊様じゃない」と、見ていた近藤勇が出てきた。
English: KONDO introduced himself and asked for a fight using a bamboo sword, but Motsugai said, 'A bamboo sword doesn't fit a priest.'
Japanese: 近藤が名乗って、竹刀での立ち合いを望んだところ、物外は「坊主に竹刀は似合わんでな。
English: If you don't want to fight with a mace, I'll use this bowl,' and he took two wooden bowls for takuhatsu out of his bag.
Japanese: 如意がいやなら、この椀でお相手つかまつろう」と、ずだ袋から托鉢用の木椀を二つ取り出した。
English: Isami KONDO got angry with his reaction even after he told Motsugai who he was, so he took a lance.
Japanese: 新選組の近藤と聞いてなおこの反応に、ムッとした近藤勇、それならばと槍を取る。
English: KONDO, who thought that an eccentric priest as he was, he would be terrified to see the naked blade, got angry.
Japanese: いくら酔狂な坊主でも抜き身の槍を見れば震え上がるだろうと思っていた近藤のまなじりに、怒気が上ってきた。
English: He yelled and lanced him, but Motsugai dodged and held the thrust spear neck between his wooden bowls.
Japanese: 大喝とともに槍をくり出すが、物外、ひょいと身をかわして、突き出された槍のけら首を木椀で挟み込んだ。
English: Then KONDO was pushed backward two to three ken (3.6 to 5.4m) by his own force, and landed on the floor of the training hall.
Japanese: すると、近藤は自分の力で二、三間も後ろへ飛ばされ、道場の床板に尻餅をついたという。
English: Joo TAKENO (1502- December 22, 1555) was the wealthy merchant (merchant for armory or leather) of Sakai City.
Japanese: 武野紹鴎（たけのじょうおう、文亀2年(1502年)-弘治(日本)元年閏10月29日(1555年12月12日)）は、堺市の豪商（武具商あるいは皮革商）。
English: His correct name was written as '紹鷗,' but since some Japanese environment in computers cannot display it correctly, his name would be written as '武野紹鴎' (Joo TAKENO) in this article.
Japanese: 正しくは紹鷗だが、一部の日本語環境では表示できないため、本項では「武野紹鴎」と表記する。
English: He was the grandson of Nobutaka TAKEDA and was a bushi (samurai) with the name of Shinshiro TAKEDA, but he changed the family name of Takeda (武田)to Takeno (武野) (according to the phrase that '田' [paddy field] changes to '野' [field]).
Japanese: 武田信孝の孫で、武田新四郎の名を持つ武士であったが、武野に改姓（「田、変じて野となる」の謂）した。
English: He declared chazenichimi (Zen and Tea Ceremony are same) and established tea learned from Sogo JUSHIYA and Sochin JUSHIYA as sado.
Japanese: 茶禅一味を掲げ、十四屋宗悟および、十四屋宗陳から学んだ茶を茶道として確立した。
English: There is a small forest within Tenjin no Mori Tenman-gu Shrine near Tenjinno Mori Station on Hankai Line of Hankai Tramway Co., Ltd., which is considered to be remaining site where Joo spent in seclusion in his late years and left as it was as the Joo forest.
Japanese: 現在の阪堺電気軌道阪堺線の天神ノ森駅付近の天神ノ森天満宮内に、小さな森があるが、それは紹鴎が晩年隠棲していた跡地であるとされ、そのまま紹鴎の森として残る。
English: The "Nanpo roku" (Southern Record) that determined the notion of modern 'wabicha' (wabi style of tea ceremony) stated the poem of FUJIWARA no Teika (Sadaie), "there are no flowers or autumn leaves around, but heart moves with sadness when viewing small cottage bathed in autumn sunset," as the heart of 'wabi' (an aesthetic ideal that finds surpassing beauty and deep significance in what is humble or commonplace and appears natural or artless) of Joo.
Japanese: 現代の「わび茶」の概念を決定付けている『南方録』では「みわたせば　花ももみじも　なかりけり　うらのとまやの　秋の夕暮れ」という藤原定家の歌を紹鴎の「わび」の心であるとしている。
English: While "Nampo roku" has low reference value, it was true that Joo was the first person who incorporated the calligraphy of waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) to a tea ceremony room.
Japanese: 南方録は資料的価値が低いけれども、最初に和歌の書跡を茶席に取り入れたのは紹鴎なのは史実である。
English: "YAMANOUE no Soji ki" (book of secrets written by YAMANOUE no Soji, who was the best pupil of a great tea master SEN no Rikyu) stated that mental state of chanoyu that Joo aimed for was 'withered and cold.'
Japanese: 『山上宗二記』においては、紹鴎が目指した茶の湯の境地とは「枯れかじけ寒かれ」であったとされる。
English: There was a diagram of Joo's four-and-a-half-mat chashitsu (tea room) in "YAMANOUE no Soji ki", by which the people of today can know the Chanoyu zashiki (Japanese style guest room with tatami flooring) at the time of Joo.
Japanese: なお、「山上宗二記」には、紹鴎の四畳半茶室の図が載っており、紹鴎当時の茶の湯座敷が看取できる。
English: It was kitamuki (facing north) and had climbing entrance with rim made from wooden slats, kakubashira (a corner post or square or rectangular) made from Japanese cypress, covered wall, 1.818 m sized floor, tokogamachi (an ornamental wooden bar in the front part of tokonoma [alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed]) made of 'クリノ木、カキアワセニクロク十遍計ヌル, and kamoi (a generic term for a head jamb, normally have tracks for sliding doors or partitions) uchinori (a method of measuring internal dimension) being '常ノヨリヒキ(ク)シ.'
Japanese: それによると、北向き、上り口にすのこ縁が付き、檜の角柱、張付壁、床は一間床、床框は「クリノ木、カキアワセニクロク十遍計ヌル」、鴨居内法も「常ノヨリヒキ（ク）シ」とある。
English: Kinsui ANEGAKOJI (July 9, 1794-February 23, 1857) was Kugyo (the top court officials) in the Edo period.
Japanese: 姉小路公遂（あねがこうじきんすい、寛政6年6月13日(旧暦)（1794年7月9日）-安政4年1月29日(旧暦)（1857年2月23日））は、江戸時代の公卿。
English: Nobuko TAKATSUKASA (1651-March 17, 1709) was the lawful wife of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, the fifth seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 鷹司信子（たかつかさのぶこ、慶安4年（1651年）-宝永6年2月7日(旧暦)（1709年3月17日））は、江戸幕府5代征夷大将軍徳川綱吉の正室。
English: At a time in the past, there was an incident (the Incident of Oyotsu-Goryonin) that when Tsunayoshi's grandfather Hidetada TOKUGAWA made his daughter, Masako TOKUGAWA, chugu of Emperor Gomizuo, he banished Princess Umenomiya and her mother Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI (Oyotsu-Goryonin) from the Imperial Court because they were obstacles for Masako and exiled some Kugyo (the top court officials) including her relatives.
Japanese: かつて綱吉の祖父・徳川秀忠は娘・徳川和子を後水尾天皇の中宮にする際に、とその母四辻与津子（お与津御寮人）の存在が障害であるとして二人を宮中から追放した上、与津子の親族を含む数人の公卿らを流刑に処した（「お与津御寮人事件」）という経緯があった。
English: She is regarded to have had outs with Tsunayoshi's real mother Keishoin and Tsunayoshi because they did not have any child, but the detail is unclear (However, it should be paid attention that few successive Tokugawa bakufu Shogun had a child between their lawful wives).
Japanese: 綱吉生母・桂昌院とは不仲であったとされ、綱吉との夫婦仲については2人の間に子女は産まれなかったことなどから、不和であったとする説があるが詳細は不詳（ただし、歴代徳川幕府将軍で正室との間に子女を儲けた例の方が少ない点は留意する必要がある）。
English: In addition, she did not feel good about Zuishunin, a concubine of Tsunayoshi, who had power as the mother of his successor Tokumatsu.
Japanese: また、綱吉側室・瑞春院が世嗣・徳松生母として権勢をふるった事も快く思っていなかった。
English: For this reason, in order to change Tsunayoshi's feeling of love for Oden no kata, she invited Uemon no suke no tsubone, that is, Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) who was said to shine academically best in the Imperial Court, as Joro (high rank woman servant in the Imperial Court) Otoshiyori (a lady who controls the servants in O-oku) under Midaidokoro through Shinjosaimonin.
Japanese: そのため、綱吉の寵愛を於伝之方から離すため、新上西門院を通じて宮中で最も学問に秀でているとの呼び声が高い典侍・右衛門佐局を、御台所付上臈御年寄として大奥へ招聘。
English: In addition, it is said that Uemon no suke, who changed her name from Tokiwai and was ordered to control all maids of O-oku, called Daitenshi and Seishinin as concubines from Kyoto and fought with Oden no kata as Kuge (court noble) group.
Japanese: 更に大奥女中総支配を命ぜられた常盤井改め右衛門佐が、大典侍や清心院らを側室として京から呼び寄せ、公家派として於伝之方に対抗したとされる。
English: Her sudden death caused a popular belief that Tsunayoshi was actually killed by Nobuko and Izu no tsubone who was Otoshiyori under Midaidokoro and then Nobuko committed a suicide later ("Nikkokantanmakura"), but this is unreliable.
Japanese: そのあまりに急な死に、実は綱吉は信子と御台所付御年寄・伊豆局の手によって殺害され、信子はその後自害したという俗説（『日光邯鄲枕』）も残っているが、信憑性に乏しい。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshikatsu (years of birth and death unknown), who was a busho (Japanese military commander) descended from Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), lived in the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 源義雄（みなもとのよしかつ、生没年不詳）は、平安時代末期の河内源氏の流れを汲む武将。
English: He had older brothers; Tsunekuni KAWACHI, MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (Sahyoe no gon no suke [Provisional Assistant Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards]), MINAMOTO no Tadamune and MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo (Sakyo no gon no daibu [Provisional Master of the Eastern Capital Offices]).
Japanese: 兄に河内経国、源義高(左兵衛権佐)、源忠宗、源義清(左京権大夫)がいる。
English: While Tsunekuni and Tadamune resided in Kanto region, Yoshikatsu resided in the capital as well as Yoshitaka and moved up in government service smoothly as the Taira family had been growing its power.
Japanese: が、経国、忠宗が関東にあったのに比べ、義高らと同じく都に住し、平家が勢力を強めるに従って順調な官途を進んだ。
English: Those who have the family name of Minamoto at the present day are not always related to the historical Minamoto family, but descendants of MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo use the family name of Minamoto in contemporary meaning, and materials written in Edo period also say their family name is Minamoto.
Japanese: 現代の源姓の人物は歴史上の源氏と必ずしも関係があるわけではないが、源義清の子孫は現在も源を今日的な意味の姓として名乗っており、江戸時代の資料等にも苗字が源であり、姓も源とある。
English: Descendants of Yoshikiyo's older brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka and of MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo still use the family name of Minamoto today as well as descendants of Yoshikatsu.
Japanese: なお義清の兄・源義高及び源義清の子孫も義雄の子孫同様、現在も源を苗字としている。
English: Nobutoshi ODA (November 19, 1853 - June 6, 1901) was the third lord and governor of Dewa-Tendo Domain in the Edo period.
Japanese: 織田信敏（おだのぶとし、嘉永6年10月19日(旧暦)（1853年11月19日）-明治34年（1901年）6月6日）は、江戸時代の出羽天童藩第3代藩主・藩知事。
English: Having won the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, the Meiji new government gave orders to subjugate Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA on January 31, 1868.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）1月7日、鳥羽・伏見の戦いに勝利した新政府は、徳川慶喜の征討令を発した。
English: On March 19, Nobumichi ODA who was then lord of the domain and who had put off going to Kyoto to see how the situation would develop made his eldest son and heir Nobutoshi ODA go to Kyoto on account of his ill health.
Japanese: 2月26日、前年から形勢を伺い上洛を引き伸ばしていた当時の藩主織田信学は、病気を理由に嫡男信敏を入京させた。
English: Yet he was unable to improve the conflicting situation in which the Chinbushi Governor-General of Ou's troops provoked the Shonai clan into further revolt.
Japanese: しかし、奥羽鎮撫総督軍の挑発と庄内藩の反発という対立の構図を改めることはできなかった。
English: Nobumichi and his family who had been in the domain fled to the territory of Sendai Domain beyond the Ou mountains.
Japanese: 在国していた父信学とその家族らは、奥羽山脈を越えて仙台藩領へ逃げた。
English: "The History of Tendo City" mentions that they 'spent a night in a charcoal burner's lodge in the mountain' on their way.
Japanese: その途中、「山奥の炭焼き小屋で一夜を明かした」と、『天童市史』に記されている。
English: After the Shonai clan retreated from Tendo, the Tendo clan sought to make counterattack such as assailing Nagatoro Domain (current Higashine City) under the leadership of Daihachi YOSHIDA.
Japanese: 庄内藩の天童退去後、天童藩は吉田大八の主導で長瀞藩（現東根市）を襲撃するなどの反撃を試みた。
English: On June 10 Shuzo SERA, staff officer to the Chinbushi Governor-General of Ou was assassinated by a retainer of Sendai Domain.
Japanese: しかし、閏4月20日奥羽鎮撫総督府参謀世良修蔵が仙台藩士に暗殺される。
English: Tendo Domain with a little over 20,000 koku was unable to act independently, so it left the new government side to join the alliance.
Japanese: わずか2万石の天童藩に独自な行動は無理であり、新政府側を離れて同盟側に加わった。
English: Giving up on the losing alliance, Tendo Domain surrendered to the new government on November 2, 1868.
Japanese: 明治元年（1868年）9月18日、劣勢な同盟側を見限り、天童藩は新政府に降伏を申し入れる。
English: On August 25, 1869, he was allowed to be the lord of the family again as Suemaru was very young.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）7月18日、寿重丸幼少の故をもって信敏の当主再承が認められた。
English: During this period, on January 7, 1871, he built a main building of a Shinto shrine on Mt. Maizuru in Tendo City.
Japanese: この間、明治3年（1870年）11月17日、天童市舞鶴山に社殿を設けた。
English: There he founded 'Takeshiorita-sha Shrine' (later renamed Kenkun-jinja Shrine) where Nobunaga ODA, the progenitor of the Oda clan was enshrined.
Japanese: 織田氏始祖である織田信長を祀った「建織田社（たけしおりたしゃ）」（後に建勲神社に改称）を創建した。
English: Yoshiharu WAKEBE (October 19, 1627-August 8, 1658) was the second lord of Omizo Domain, Omi Province.
Japanese: 分部嘉治（わけべよしはる、寛永4年9月11日(旧暦)（1627年10月19日）-明暦4年7月10日(旧暦)（1658年8月8日））は、近江国大溝藩の第2代藩主。
English: He was the third son but became the successor since his older brothers passed away early and succeeded after his father passed away in 1643.
Japanese: 三男であったが、兄2人が早世したために世嗣となり、寛永20年（1643年）の父の死去により後を継いだ。
English: The debate he had with Nagashige IKEDA, who was the uncle of his wife and ronin (masterless samurai) in Kyoto at that time, led to a violent quarrel and fight in midnight of August 7, 1658, which caused Nagashige to die instantly and Yoshiharu himself to die from injury on the next day.
Japanese: 明暦4年（1658年）7月9日深夜、妻の叔父で、当時は京都で浪人していた池田長重と対談中に口論となって刃傷沙汰に及び、長重は即死し、嘉治も翌日に傷が元で命を落とした。
English: Nobumasa WAKEBE (January 13, 1653 - January 23, 1715) was the 4th lord of the Omizo Domain, Omi Province.
Japanese: 分部信政（わけべのぶまさ、承応元年12月14日(旧暦)（1653年1月13日）-正徳(日本)4年12月18日(旧暦)（1715年1月23日））は、近江国大溝藩の第4代藩主。
English: He had children including Nobuaki WAKEBE (the first son), Mitsutada WAKEBE (the third son), a daughter (wife of Saneaki KAWABATA), and a daughter (lawful wife of Suketaka ITO).
Japanese: 子に分部信秋（長男）、分部光忠（三男）、娘（河鰭実詮室）、娘（伊東祐崇正室）。
English: When the blood lineage of the Wakebe clan was discontinued after the former domain lord Yoshitake WAKEBE died young without heir, Nobumasa was adopted to succeed to the Wakebe clan in 1667 because he was a relative of Yoshitaka on the mother's side.
Japanese: 寛文7年（1667年）、先代藩主の分部嘉高が嗣子なくして若死にして分部氏の血統が断絶すると、嘉高の母方の縁戚に当たると言うことから、その養嗣子となって後を継いだ。
English: In 1676, he asked for postponement of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) due to flood damage in his domain.
Japanese: 延宝4年（1676年）、水害により藩内が被害を受けて参勤交代の延期を願い出ている。
English: On August 3, 1714, handing over the family headship to the third son Mitsutada for his illness, he was retired and then died at the age at 63 on January 23, 1715.
Japanese: 正徳4年（1714年）6月23日、病気を理由に三男の光忠に家督を譲って隠居し、同年12月18日に63歳で死去した。
English: Mitsutada WAKEBE (August 26, 1698 - April 20, 1731) was the 5th lord of the Omizo Domain, Omi Province.
Japanese: 分部光忠（わけべみつただ、元禄11年7月21日(旧暦)（1698年8月26日）-享保16年3月14日(旧暦)（1731年4月20日））は、近江国大溝藩の第5代藩主。
English: He had children including Mitsunaga WAKEBE (the first son), Tadanori (忠徳) TSUNEKAWA) (the second son), Chuken (忠睍) NAGANO) (the third son), Tadanaga (忠栄) NAGANO) (The fourth son), WATANABE no Hisashi (the fifth son), a daughter (wife of Kinya ANEGAKOJI), a daughter (wife of Saneaki (実観) YAMAMOTO), a daughter (wife of Yoshinobu (義敷) UEDA) and a daughter (wife of Motonao (元直) SAWAI).
Japanese: 子に分部光命（長男）、恒河忠徳（次男）、長野忠睍（三男）、長野忠栄（四男）、渡辺久龐（五男）、娘（姉小路公文室）、娘（山本実観室）、娘（上田義敷室）、娘（沢井元直養女）。
English: On August 3, 1714, he succeeded his father who was retired.
Japanese: 正徳(日本)4年（1714年）6月23日、父の隠居により後を継いだ。
English: On April 20, 1731, he died at the age of 34 and the first son of him Mitsunaga succeeded.
Japanese: 享保16年（1731年）3月14日に34歳で死去し、後を長男の光命が継いだ。
English: Mitsunaga WAKEBE (February 22, 1714 - December 15, 1783) was the 6th lord of the Omizo Domain, Omi Province.
Japanese: 分部光命（わけべみつなが、正徳(日本)4年1月8日(旧暦)（1714年2月22日）-天明3年11月22日(旧暦)（1783年12月15日））は、近江国大溝藩の第6代藩主。
English: He had children including Mitsutsune WAKEBE (the first son), Chosen (澄鮮) MITSUBUCHI (the second son), Choei (澄盈) MITSUBUCHI (the third son), Seyakuin Soken (施薬院宗顕) (the fourth son), Yoshinaga CHUJO (the fifth son), Nagaaki (命誠) WAKEBE (the sixth), a daughter (lawful wife of Katafusa MATSUDAIRA of Echizen), a daughter (wife of Genju (玄寿) KADOKURA), a daughter (wife of Hideyuki (栄之) NAGAOKA), and a daughter (wife of Tadahide (忠栄) TSUNEKAWA).
Japanese: 子に分部光庸（長男）、三淵澄鮮（次男）、三淵澄盈（三男）、施薬院宗顕（四男）、中條康永（五男）、分部命誠（六男）、娘（越前松平堅房正室）、娘（角倉玄寿室）、娘（長岡栄之室）、娘（恒川忠栄室）。
English: On October 22, 1754, he handed over the family headship to the first son of him Mitsutsune for retirement and then went to the Arima-onsen Hotspring in Settsu Province to recuperate in 1760.
Japanese: 宝暦4年（1754年）9月7日、長男の光庸に家督を譲って隠居し、宝暦10年（1760年）には病気療養を理由に摂津国有馬温泉にて保養した。
English: He became a monk with the name of (風斎) Fusai in 1769 and then died at the age of 70 on December 15 (or December 10), 1783.
Japanese: 明和6年（1769年）に剃髪して風斎と号し、天明3年（1783年）11月22日（または11月17日とも）に70歳で死去した。
English: Suo NUKINA was a Confucian scholar, calligrapher; literati painter (from July 26, 1778 to June 21, 1863).
Japanese: 貫名菘翁（ぬきなすうおう、安永7年7月3日(旧暦)(1778年7月26日)-文久3年5月6日(旧暦)(1863年6月21日)）は江戸時代後期の儒学者、書家、文人画。
English: At the age of seventeen he went up Mt. Koya depending on Reizui, an uncle on his mother's side, and studied hard reading the books in the library on the mountain.
Japanese: 17歳の頃、母方の叔父霊瑞を頼って高野山に登り学問に励み、山内の図書を貪り読んだと伝えられる。
English: Later at the age of twenty-two he became a disciple of Kaitokudo (a school which had a style of Rangaku, and was located in Osaka, Japan during the Tokugawa Era) in Osaka and studied keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism) and history under Chikuzan NAKAI and finally became the school manager.
Japanese: その後22歳で、大坂の懐徳堂に入門し、中井竹山の下で経学や史学を学び、やがて塾頭となった。
English: Suo said his first duty was learning and in fact he earned a living on it.
Japanese: 菘翁は自らの本分は学問にあると述べており、事実それによって生計を立てていた。
English: "Sashu" edited by Barika and Rikuko and "Niju-ni shi sakki" (Reading memo on twenty-two historical books) by Choyoku of the Qing dynasty were translated into Japanese by him.
Japanese: 馮李華、陸浩が編纂した『左繍』、清の趙翼『二十二史箚記』などを翻刻している。
English: In his later years, he moved and lived near Shogoin Temple and named himself Suo after the noted product vegetable su (an old name of suzuna).
Japanese: 晩年は聖護院付近に移り住み、名産の野菜菘（スズナ、蕪の古名）に因んで菘翁と号した。
English: In 'the list of book collection in Tadekura Library,' which was a list of his books dedicated to Shimogamo-jinja Shrine, 3,386 books (11,252 volumes), centering on keigaku and history, were listed, which shows Suo emphasized the learning.
Japanese: 下賀茂神社に自らの蔵書を奉納したときの目録である「蓼倉文庫蔵書目録」には経学・史学を中心に3,386部（11,252巻）が記され、菘翁が学問を重視していた姿勢が窺われる。
English: He was introduced as a Confucian and Chinese poetry in 'Heian Personal Profile' issued in 1822 at the age of 45.
Japanese: 45歳の頃に発刊されている文政5年版の「平安人物志」には儒者・漢詩として紹介されている。
English: In those days zekku (a form of Chinese poem) was popular and Suo's Chinese poetry appeared in many zekku books such as "Bunsei era seventeen poets' zekku" and so on.
Japanese: 当時は絶句が流行しており、菘翁の漢詩は『文政十七家絶句』などの多くの絶句集に掲載された。
English: According to a vulgar belief, Soin NAKAJIMA, who thought Suo's Chinese poetry was not good, stopped its publication, but it needs to be proven.
Japanese: 俗説によると中島棕隠が菘翁の漢詩があまり上手でないのを見かねて刊行を制止したとする説があるが、はっきりしない。
English: Afterwards he continued to admire the calligraphy by Kukai and at the age of 58 he moved to Shikoku and stayed in Hagiwara-ji Temple (currently, Hagiwara, Onohara-cho, Kanonji city, Kagawa Prefecture) and copied the treasured 'Kyujosho' by Kukai (stored in Hagiwara-ji Temple, Important Cultural Property).
Japanese: その後も空海の書を敬慕し続けており、58歳のとき四国に渡り萩原寺（現香川県観音寺市大野原町萩原）に滞在して秘蔵される伝空海「急就章」（萩原寺蔵・重要文化財）を臨模している。
English: In the batsu he wrote that the famous 'Fushinjo' (the letters Kukai wrote to Saicho) in To-ji Temple and 'Kyujosho' were the best in Kukai's calligraphy, seeking the origin in ASANO no Nakai during Nara period, and furthermore Nakai originated from the copying of a sutra during Tang Dynasty.
Japanese: この跋には、空海の書は東寺にある有名な「風信帖」とこの「急就章」がもっともよいとし、その源流を奈良時代の魚養に求め、さらに魚養は唐写経に由来すると述べている。
English: Many of bokujo in those days were shabby and could not be the example for practice.
Japanese: 当時の墨帖は粗末なものが多く到底手習いの元とすることはできなかった。
English: Suo tried to understand for sure the true tradition of Nio (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi (O Kenshi)).
Japanese: 菘翁は二王（王羲之・王献之）の正しい伝統を確実に把握することに努めた。
English: For this reason he emphasized classics and shinseki and if it could not fit, he collected copybooks printed from the works of old masters of calligraphy or inscriptions and copied and learned them.
Japanese: このため古典や真蹟を重んじ、それが適わなければ法帖や碑版を蒐集し臨模をして学びとった。
English: As for Tei Shinsoku's calligraphy during Tang Dynasty also, he went up all the way to Mt. Hiei and copied it.
Japanese: 唐代の鄭審則の書についても、わざわざ比叡山に登ってこれを臨模している。
English: Compared with karayo (Chinese style) of Ming and Qing Dynasties, popular in those days, his calligraphic style was considered as Tang and Jin (Dynasties) style, and his kaisho (block script) was considered to have been influenced by Ouyang Xun, Shinan YU, Cho Suiryo and Gan Shinkei, and his gyosho (cursive style of writing Chinese characters) by Wang Xizhi and Cho Suiryo, and his sosho (very cursive style of writing Chinese characters, more abbreavuated and flowing than gyosho) by Son Katei.
Japanese: 書風は当時流行の明清風の唐様に対して唐晋(王朝)風とされ、楷書は欧陽詢、虞世南、褚遂良、顔真卿に、行書は王羲之、褚遂良、草書は孫過庭に影響されたとされている。
English: He became famous for his calligraphic works and paintings, but especially he was regarded as one of three famous ancient calligraphers during the end of Edo period as well as Beian ICHIKAWA and Ryoko MAKI and was called 'the top of noshoka (master of calligraphy) during the early-modern times.'
Japanese: 書画で盛名をほしいままにしたが、特に書は市河米庵・巻菱湖と並んで三筆幕末の三筆に数えられ「近世第一の能書家」と称えられた。
English: When he was eighty-five years old in his later years, he fell sick with paralysis, but he was not discouraged and continued to produce calligraphies.
Japanese: 最晩年85歳の時に中風で倒れるが挫けず、筆を握り続け書画の制作に打ち込む。
English: As for paintings he learned the method of Kano school under his uncle, Norihiro YANO, but since he saw 'The Spine-Chiller sausui-zu (a painting of the landscape)' by Senkoku during Ming Dynasty, he was very much into literati painting.
Japanese: 画は叔父矢野典博に狩野派の画法を学んだが、明の銭穀の「真景山水図」を観て以来、文人画に傾倒する。