nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Among the disciples of Morihei, there were many grand masters of aikido who were influenced by Tenpu NAKAMURA, who was the first to introduce yoga to Japan, handing down the spirituality-oriented spirit of aikido to the next generation.
Japanese: 盛平の弟子の中には藤平光一を初めとして、ヨーガを日本に持ち込んだ中村天風の影響を受けた合気道師範も多く、合気道の精神性重視という気風を次代に継承している。
English: The techniques include taijutsu, the art of weaponry (swordplay, Jojutsu), and is a comprehensive martial art assuming cases of multiple opponents.
Japanese: 技は体術・武器術（剣術・杖術）を含み、対多人数の場合も想定した総合武術である。
English: However, in reality the percentage of grandmasters instructing in the art of weaponry isn't high, so most training includes instruction in taijutsu only.
Japanese: ただし実際には武器術を指導する師範の割合は多くなく、体術のみを指導する稽古が大半である。
English: The unique use of power and sensation in aikido as a means to efficiently control the opponent without wasting energy is called 'breath power' or 'aiki.'
Japanese: 無駄な力を使わず効率良く相手を制する合気道独特の力の使い方や感覚を「呼吸力」「合気」などと表現する。
English: It is believed that by mastering this one can disable the opponent's attack through the "rational" use of the body "without fighting the force of the opponent," and that 'small can beat big' regardless of age, gender, body build or strength.
Japanese: これを会得することにより、“合理的な”体の運用によって“相手の力と争わず”に相手の攻撃を無力化し、年齢や性別・体格体力に関係なく「小よく大を制す」ことが可能になるとされている。
English: In aikido, there is a phrase, 'voluntarily offer what the opponent wants,' and defensive techniques and kaeshi waza (returning the opponent's waza (technique) immediately) are common forms.
Japanese: 合気道では「相手の欲するところを自ら与える」などと言い、一般的に相手の攻撃に対する防御技・返し技の形をとる。
English: By warding off the opponent's direction of attack with unique body movements such as 'irimi' (entering straight into a technique) and 'tenkan' (entering indirectly into a technique) while simultaneously functioning within the opponent's blind spot, one maintains the position and posture to one's advantage.
Japanese: 「入身」「転換」と呼ばれる独特の体捌きによって相手の攻撃線をかわすと同時に、相手の死角に入って自分有利の位置と体勢を確保する。
English: By breathing in sync with the opponent to maintain the contact point, one leads the opponent's center of gravity and posture in the direction needed for it to collapse via the contact point.
Japanese: 相手に呼吸を合わせて接触点が離れないよう保ちつつ、接触点を通して相手の重心・体勢を崩れる方向に導いて行く。
English: However, in doing so, needless force will cause a reflex reaction by the opponent and will create issues such as facing resistance with force, separation of the contact point, etc., thereby interfering with the flow of the technique.
Japanese: このとき無駄な力が入ると反射的に相手からの反発を招き、力の抵抗にぶつかる・接触点が外れる等の不具合を生じ、技の流れを阻害する。
English: Additionally, by facing the opponent from a blind spot such as the side or the back, and capturing the opponent along the line extending from one's center, the opponent's center of gravity and posture can be controlled and led to collapse with minimal force.
Japanese: また相手の側背面などの死角から相手に正対し、かつ自分の中心線上に相手を補足することにより、最小の力で相手の重心・体勢を容易にコントロールし導き崩す。
English: Such subtlety and series of processes for applying techniques to the opponent through the contact point are called 'musubi' (a link between the attacker and the defender), 'lead' and 'kuzushi,' and are emphasized as important elements of aikido techniques and in connection with the spiritual principle.
Japanese: このように相手との接触点を通じ技を掛ける機微と一連のプロセスを「結び」「導き」「崩し」と言い、合気道の技の大切な要素として、また精神理念に通じるものとしても強調することがある。
English: Training is generally centered around a yakusoku kumite (prearranged fighting) form of kata training done in pairs, and it is repeated, switching the roles of 'tori' (attacker, the one who applies the technique) and 'uke' (defender, the one to whom the technique is applied).
Japanese: 稽古は一般的に、二人一組の約束組手形式（何の技を使うか合意の元に行う）の形稽古中心であり、「取り（捕り）」（技を掛ける側）と「受け」（技を受ける側）の役を相互に交代しながら繰り返し行う。
English: It basically starts with several kata for controlling the opponent's wrist, elbow and shoulder joints, then various application techniques and henkawaza (changing from one technique to another) (throwing techniques, grappling, etc.) are acquired through repeated training.
Japanese: 基本的に相手の手首・肘・肩関節を制する幾つかの形から始まり、稽古を重ねる中で多様な応用技・変化技（投げ技・固め技など）を学んで行く。
English: Striking ('atemi' (blow to the body)) is commonly used for the sake of diversion, and therefore training doesn't place any emphasis on striking.
Japanese: 打撃（「当身」）は牽制程度に用いることが多く、打撃中心の稽古は行われない。
English: Kaiten-nage throw (rotary throw): Hold the opponent's arm and rotate it in a large movement from up to front, front to down, and use that force to lower the opponent's head.
Japanese: 回転投げ：相手の腕を持ち、大きく上から前、前から下に回し、その勢いで相手の頭を下げさせる。
English: When the head is down, hold the head with the other palm; move the rotated arm down, back and up, lift the arm vertically and, fixing the shoulder joint, throw forward.
Japanese: 頭が下がったときに、反対の掌で頭部を押さえ、回した腕をそのまま下、後ろ、上と動かし、腕を垂直に立て、肩関節を極めて、前方に崩し投げる。
English: The opponent's arm will twist outward, but by bringing the opponent's arm toward the back of the opponent the elbow bends, and the opponent will not be able to use force.
Japanese: 相手の腕は外側にねじれることになるが、相手の腕を相手の後方に持って行くようにすると、肘が曲がり、相手は力が入らなくなる。
English: Kotegaeshi: Take the opponent's wrist and place the other hand on the back of opponent's hand, twisting the wrist while moving the shoulder joint outward and rotating it outward.
Japanese: 小手返し：相手の手首を取り反対の手を相手の手の甲に添え手首を返しつつ肩関節を外転外旋。
English: Bend the elbow joint, rotate the forearm outward, bend the hand joint, throwing diagonally forward, then put the opponent on his/her stomach and hold him/her down.
Japanese: 肘関節を屈曲、前腕を回外、手関節を屈曲させ斜め前方に投げた後相手を腹這いにさせ抑える。
English: Ikkyo (aikido's first basic technique): Take the opponent's arm and extend the elbow joint as far as it will go, then place the opponent on his/her stomach and hold him/her down.
Japanese: 一教：相手の腕を取り肘関節を可動限界まで伸展させ相手を腹這いにさせ抑える。
English: Nikyo (aikido's second basic technique): Take the opponent's wrist and twist it; bend the hand joint, and rotate the forearm inward; bend the elbow joint; move the shoulder joint outward, and then place the opponent on his/her stomach and hold him/her down.
Japanese: 二教：相手の手首を取り小手をひねり手関節を屈曲、前腕を回内、肘関節を屈曲、肩関節を外転させひざまづかせた後腹這いにさせ抑える。
English: Sankyo (aikido's third basic technique): Take the opponent's wrist and twist it upward while turning one's body to rotate the forearm inward; bend the elbow joint 90 degrees, move the shoulder joint outward and rotate it inward, make the opponent stand on his/her toes, then place him/her on his/her stomach and hold him/her down.
Japanese: 三教：相手の手首を取り体を回転させながらひねり上げて前腕を回内、肘関節を90°屈曲、肩関節を外転内旋させ爪先立ちにさせた後腹這いにさせ抑える。
English: (Other major techniques: Yonkyo (aikido's fourth basic technique, gokyo (aikido's fifth basic technique), rokkyo (the aikido's sixth basic technique) (hijigatame (elbow lock)), tenchinage throw, koshinage throw, juji garami (cross-entangling method), sumiotoshi drop (corner drop), kokyunage throw, aikinage throw, aikiotoshi drop (aiki drop), etc.)
Japanese: （その他の主な技：四教、五教、六教（肘固め）、天地投げ、腰投げ、十字絡み、隅落し、呼吸投げ、合気投げ、合気落し等）
English: (The techniques above are common denominators, and the details vary among the various schools and dojo.
Japanese: （以上の技は最大公約数的なものであり、流派や道場によって細部は異なる。
English: It isn't rare to find that the same technique is referred to by different names, or that different techniques have the same name.)
Japanese: 同じ技が別の名で呼ばれること、別の技が同じ名で呼ばれることも少なくない。）
English: The fundamental principle of aikido technique is to respond to the opponent's attack with throws or by grappling.
Japanese: 合気道の技は相手の攻撃に対して投げ技・もしくは固め技にて応じるのが基本である。
English: The names of techniques are a combination of 'the positional relationship of the defender and attacker at the beginning of the technique' or 'the form of attack of the defender at the beginning of the technique' and 'the specific names of techniques described above.'
Japanese: 技の呼称は「技開始時の受け手・捕り手の位置的関係」または「技開始時の受け手の攻撃形態」に「上記の固有技名」を組み合わせる。
English: For example, the defender grabbing the attacker's right wrist with his/her right hand is called 'katate kosa dori' (grabbing one hand across the way), 'naname katate dori' (diagonal, grabbing one hand) or 'ai hanmi katate dori' (same stance, grabbing one hand).
Japanese: 例えば、受け手が右手で捕り手の右手首を掴んだ状態を「片手交差取り」、「斜め片手取り」または「相半身片手取り」という。
English: The form of attack in which the defender swings down a tegatana (literally, 'hand sword') from directly above the attacker's front side is called 'shomen-uchi strike,' and from each state each of the above techniques can be derived.
Japanese: 受け手が手刀を捕り手前額面の真上から振り下ろす攻撃形態を「正面打ち」といい、それぞれの状態から上記いずれの技も派生し得る。
English: Aiki' and 'breath power' are elements of aikido techniques as well as concepts that are important principles of aikido.
Japanese: 「合気」と「呼吸力」は合気道技法の原理であると同時に、合気道の重要な理念とされる概念。
English: Aiki' is a martial-arts term from ancient Japan, originally referring to the state in which force and kamae (posture) are competing.
Japanese: 「合気」は日本古来の武術用語であり、元々は力や構えなどが拮抗した状態を差す言葉であった。
English: In recent years, influenced by its use in Daito school and aikido, it refers to the techniques and principles of disabling the opponent's attacks by 'matching the "qi"' of oneself to the "qi" (including the will to attack, timing and vector of force) of the opponent, instead of competing against the opponent's force with force, especially in martial arts using bare hands (it is used for its original meaning in kendo (the Japanese art of fencing) and in the ancient arts of weaponry).
Japanese: 近年、大東流や合気道での使用法の影響で、特に素手の武術、武道において相手の力に力で対抗せず、相手の“気”（攻撃の意志、タイミング、力のベクトルなどを含む）に自らの「“気”を合わせ」相手の攻撃を無力化させるような技法群やその原理を指すようになった（剣道や古来よりの武器術では元来の意味で使われる）。
English: In aikido, going beyond the implications above, it came to stand for the spiritual principle of 'realizing the ideal state through harmony with the principles of nature and the universe (equivalent to "qi"), in which there is no conflict with others.'
Japanese: 合気道においては上記の意味合いも踏まえ、そこから更に推し進めて「他者と争わず、自然や宇宙の法則（＝“気”）に和合することによって理想の境地を実現する」といった精神理念を表すものになった。
English: Breath power' is a coined termed created by Morihei in the process of establishing his martial art, and it's an expression of 'aiki' through Morihei's unique point of view.
Japanese: 「呼吸力」は盛平が自らの武道を確立する過程で生み出した造語であり、「合気」を盛平独自の主観を通して表現したものである。
English: While 'aiki' in aikido is mainly used in the sense of a principle, 'breath power' is mainly used to mean 'a source of power for techniques.'
Japanese: 合気道における「合気」が主に理念的な意味で用いられるのに対し、「呼吸力」は主に「技法の源になる力」という意味合いで用いられる。
English: There are many theories as to which specific power this 'breath power' refers.
Japanese: この「呼吸力」が具体的に何の力を指しているかについては、様々な言説がある。
English: Morihei often borrowed terms from Shinto when describing the principles and rationale of Aikido to his disciples, and because this was a mystic and abstract expression it led to various interpretations in later years.
Japanese: 盛平は弟子達に合気道の理念、理合を説明する際、神道の用語を借りる場合が多く、神秘的・抽象的な表現であったため後代様々な解釈を生みだした。
English: For example, there are various opinions such as 'the power of the breathing (muscles),' 'power of "qi,"' the 'way of using power in a natural and subconscious way like actual breathing,' and 'unification of the power of the entire body.'
Japanese: 例えば「呼吸（筋）の力である」「“気”の力である」「実際の呼吸のように自然で無意識的な力の使い方である」「全身の力を統一したものである」など、意見は多岐に分かれる。
English: Aiki and breath power are commonly thought of as mysterious techniques that enable a small, elderly man to easily throw and hold down a succession of tough men, thus raising the doubt of suspicion in their regard.
Japanese: 合気・呼吸力について、小柄な老人がわずかな動きで屈強な大男を幾人も手玉にとり簡単に投げ飛ばしたり押さえ込んでしまう不思議な技、というイメージが一般的に流布し、しばしば怪しげなものとして疑われることも多い。
English: In order to clarify aiki and breath power as concrete technical principles, there have been many attempts to explain them from various angles such as datsuryoku, the use of body weight, the shifting of one's center of gravity, the abdomen and lower back inner muscles, the leverage theory, the use of illusion and reflex, and psychological manipulation, but research from the perspective of empirical science has not been sufficient.
Japanese: 合気・呼吸力を具体的な技法原理として解明するために、脱力・体重利用・重心移動・腹腰部深層筋・梃子の原理・錯覚や反射の利用・心理操作など様々な側面から説明が試みられているが、実証科学的な研究はまだ充分とは言えない。
English: Additionally, opinions are divided over whether the "aiki" of Aikido and the "aiki" of other martial arts such as Daito school are the same or different.
Japanese: また、合気道の合気と大東流など他武術の合気が同一か異なるものかについても意見が分かれる。
English: (Some grandmasters train in 'aikiken' (the sword technique of aikido) and 'aikijo' (staff technique of aikido), while other grandmasters train in swordplay and the jojutsu of other schools, as interpreted under the aikido rationale.)
Japanese: （「合気剣」や「合気杖」を修練する師範と、他流の剣術や杖術の形を合気道の理合で解釈して修練する師範に分かれる）
English: Morihei UESHIBA studied the art of weaponry in Iwama with Morihiro SAITO, and in regard to aikiken and aikijo, which Saito organized based on Morihei's weapon techniques, some grandmasters position them as the art of weaponry for aikido while other grandmasters disapprove of them, claiming that aikiken and aikijo include interpretation by Saito.
Japanese: 植芝盛平は岩間にて斉藤守弘と武器術の研究をし、斉藤が盛平の武器技を整理した合気剣と合気杖については、これを合気道の武器術と位置付ける師範と、合気剣と合気杖は斉藤の解釈が加わっているとして認めない師範とに分かれる。
English: In aikido, for which matches aren't held, enbukai is held to improve individual skills and promote it to the general public.
Japanese: 試合を行わない合気道では、各自の技量の向上と世間一般への普及を目的として演武会が開催される。
English: Enbu means to perform predetermined techniques in order, and the same technique can reveal the personality of the performers, with some performing in a fierce, slamming manner, while others perform quietly and matter-of-factly.
Japanese: 演武とは予め決めた技を順番に演ずることで、同じ技であっても激しく叩きつけるように演ずる者、静かに淡々と演ずる者など個性が現れる。
English: Subsequent to the war, since the second Doshu, Kisshomaru UESHIBA, many performers began to gather for performances, just as is done today.
Japanese: 現在のように大勢の演武者が一堂に会して行うようになったのは戦後、植芝吉祥丸2代目道主からである。
English: When Morihei learned that Kisshomaru had decided to hold an enbukai on the rooftop of a department store to promote aikido, he objected strongly.
Japanese: 吉祥丸が合気道の普及に乗り出し、デパートの屋上で演武会を行うと知った盛平は非常に反発した。
English: Until then, enbu had been performed by Morihei, and it was inconceivable that an inexperienced performer would present techniques in public.
Japanese: それまでの演武とは盛平が演武することであって、未熟な者が人前でその技を披露することなど考えられなかった。
English: Eventually, the enbukai was held at Kisshomaru's insistence, and today the factions hold enbukai regularly.
Japanese: 結局は吉祥丸に押し切られる形で演武会が開催され、現在では各会派が定期的に演武会を開催している。
English: Among them, the 'All Japan Aikido Demonstration,' which is held annually at the Nippon Budokan by Aikikai Foundation, is the largest enbukai in Japan.
Japanese: 中でも（財）合気会が日本武道館で毎年行う「全日本合気道演武大会」は国内最大規模の演武会である。
English: Meanwhile, the purpose of enbu is to show techniques to the audience, so the defender knows what technique is next, and inexperienced defenders may be actively attuned to the thrower.
Japanese: 一方で演武とは、技を観客に見せることが目的であるために、受け手には次に来る技が分かっており、未熟な受け手は投げ手に積極的に合わせてしまう事がある。
English: Some audience who see it criticize aikido as bogus, cozy or fixed.
Japanese: それを見た観客の中には合気道をインチキや馴れ合い、あるいは八百長であると批判する意見もある。
English: Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu and Aikido both apply techniques in a circular movement, but aikido uses a relatively larger circular movement to apply techniques.
Japanese: 大東流合気柔術、合気道ともに円の動きで技を掛けるが、大東流に比べ、合気道はより大きな円の動きで技を掛ける。
English: Some categorize Daito school as linear and Aikido as circular in movement, but depending on the stage of training or the type of technique, some techniques in aikido require linear movements and some techniques in Daito school can't be used without rotating in a circle; therefore, one can't say for certain which is which.
Japanese: 大東流は直線的、合気道は円の動きと分類する向きもあるが、稽古の段階により、あるいは技の種類によって合気道でも直線的でなければならない技もあり、大東流でも円転しなければ使えない技もあるので、はっきりどちらがどうであるとは言い切れない。
English: Technically, some refer to Aikido as Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu, or the Ueshiba method, viewing it as one faction of Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu.
Japanese: 技術的には、合気道を大東流合気柔術の一会派とみなして、大東流合気柔術植芝伝と呼ぶ向きもある。
English: In fact, Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu has various factions, and it's possible to view Aikido as one such faction.
Japanese: 事実、大東流合気柔術には多彩な会派があり、合気道がその中の一会派だという見解も成り立ちうる。
English: However, the clearest difference between Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu and Aikido is in the ideologies of how they position the purpose and meaning of martial arts.
Japanese: しかし、大東流合気柔術と合気道で最も鮮明な相違は、武道の目的と意味をどう位置づけるかという思想性だと考えられる。
English: Aikido, as handed down by Morihei, teaches many martial arts using weapons such as swords and cane staffs, but it draws its lineage from the ancient martial arts and has a strong sense of loving and protecting all things, as well as to contribution to the formation of the universe.
Japanese: 盛平伝承の合気道は、剣杖など武器による武術を豊富に伝えていながら、古来の武術と一線を画して、万有愛護と宇宙の生成に寄与するためという意識が強い。
English: This is believed to be from the days of Oomoto aikido, and the martial art known as Shinei Taido has a similar ideology.
Japanese: これは、大本の合気武道時代からのものと考えられ、親英体道にも同様の思想性が見られる。
English: It is believed that most of the many rough techniques taught in Daito school, such as reverse joint techniques, stamping techniques and grappling using the feet, are omitted from Aikido due to this ideology.
Japanese: 大東流では多く伝わる逆関節技や、足による踏み技・固め技など、荒々しい技の殆どが合気道で省かれているのも、この思想性によると考えられる。
English: Jigoro KANO, the founder of Judo, once visited the dojo of Morihei UESHIBA, and Kano, who was fascinated by the techniques, instructed several high-ranking practitioners from the Kodokan Judo Institute--such as Minoru MOCHIZUKI, Aritoshi MURASHIGE and Yoshio SUGINO--to practice Aikido.
Japanese: 柔道創始者・嘉納治五郎は植芝盛平の道場を訪れた事があり、その技に魅了された嘉納は望月稔、村重有利、杉野嘉男ら講道館の高段者数名に合気道の修行をさせている。
English: Thus the exchanges between aikido and the judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute were relatively active.
Japanese: このように、合気道と講道館柔道との間で比較的盛んに交流が行われていた。
English: It is said that when Jigoro KANO saw Morihei UESHIBA's aikido he shouted, "This is what I've been searching for!"
Japanese: 嘉納治五郎が植芝盛平の合気道を見たとき嘉納治五郎は思わず”私の求めていた物はこれだ！！”と叫んだとされている。
English: Powerful disciples of Morihei, such as Gozo SHIODA, Kenji TOMIKI and Minoru MOCHIZUKI, were judo yudansha (judo black-belts) before becoming Ueshiba's disciples.
Japanese: 盛平の有力な弟子であった塩田剛三、富木謙治、望月稔らも、植芝に入門する前は柔道の有段者であった。
English: Tomiki and Mochizuki, in particular, continued their activities as judo practitioners even after becoming high-caliber disciples of Ueshiba, and their philosophies were reflective of both aikido and judo.
Japanese: 特に、富木や望月は植芝の高弟となってからも柔道家としての活動もおこなっており、その理念には合気道・柔道双方の影響がみられる。
English: Morihei UESHIBA allowed kendo training in his dojo 'Kobukan' for the study of swordplay.
Japanese: 植芝盛平は剣術の研究のために、自らの道場「皇武館」で剣道の指導を行わせた。
English: Actual training was conducted by Kiyoshi NAKAKURA (who was at the time Morihei's adopted son-in-law), Junichi HAGA and Gorozo NAKAJIMA: These comprised the so-called 'trio of Yushinkan,' who were the three high-caliber disciples of a close friend, Hiromichi NAKAYAMA (of the Shindo-Munen school of swordsmanship).
Japanese: 実際の指導は、親交のあった中山博道（神道無念流）の3人の高弟で「有信館の三羽烏」と呼ばれた中倉清（当時は盛平の婿養子）、羽賀準一、中島五郎蔵が行った。
English: In Aikikai-affiliated dojo, at the start of training it is customary to perform a method of discipline called 'aiki taiso,' as invented by Morihei.
Japanese: 合気会系の道場では一般的に、稽古の始まりに盛平の考案による「合気体操」と呼ばれる鍛錬法を行うのが慣例となっている。
English: By stretching various parts of the body, it serves as a warm-up exercise before training, but some misogi (purification ceremony) gyoho (method of ascetic practice) of Shinto such as 'torifune' (bird rowing misogi exercise) and 'furutama' (soul shaking) are included, and it's believed that this alone is effective for the "discipline of qi" and the "discipline of breath power."
Japanese: 身体各部の柔軟など稽古前の準備運動としての性格もあるが、「鳥船」「振魂」など神道の禊の行法の一部も取り入れられており、これ単独で“気の鍛錬”・“呼吸力の鍛錬”に効果があるとされる。
English: Additionally, the 'Nishi System of Health Engineering' by Katsuzo NISHI, the director of the Aikikai Foundation, is employed.
Japanese: また(財)合気会の理事であった西勝造の「西式健康法」も取り入れられている。
English: In order to promote aikido to the general public, it was often promoted as 'health exercise' and 'recreation.'
Japanese: 合気道を一般に普及する上で「健康体操」「レクリエーション」という宣伝も多くなされた。
English: Training in aikido repeats techniques using the same movements for the left and right, repeating them the same number of times, so it effectively resolves distortion between the left and right sides of the body.
Japanese: 合気道の稽古は、技を左右同じ動きで同回数繰り返すため、左右の身体の歪みを取る効果がある。
English: The application of joint-locking techniques has the effect of stretching, and it prevents stiff shoulder.
Japanese: 関節技にかかることでストレッチ効果を得られ、五十肩などの予防になる。
English: Because matches aren't held, there is no need for excessive training, and the discipline of the legs and loins can be done naturally depending on one's age and strength.
Japanese: 試合がないため過剰な稽古をする必要が無く、年齢体力に応じて自然に足腰の鍛練ができる。
English: Morihei himself spoke of the health benefits of aikido using unique religious expressions, saying that 'aikido is a "misogi" that removes the "impurities" from the body by improving the blood circulation, correcting the bone structure and adjusting the flow of "qi" in the body through moderate exercise.'
Japanese: 盛平自身、折りあるごとに、「合気道は適度な運動で血行を改善し、骨格を矯正し、体内の“気”の流れを整えることで身体の“穢れ”をはらう“禊ぎ”である」…等と独自の宗教的表現で、合気道の健康効果について述べている。
English: Another unique point rarely seen in other martial arts is that aikido links its religious ceremonial nature with physical fitness and positions it as one of the purposes of training.
Japanese: 宗教的な儀式性と健康法を結びつけ、それを稽古の目的の一つとしていることも、他の武道には余り見られないユニークな点である。
English: Because it's a martial art that controls the opponent without depending on ordinary muscular strength or force, aikido has been advertised as being 'effective as an art of self-defense for powerless women,' and though many consider it as such, some are questioning this today.
Japanese: 通常の筋力や腕力に頼らず相手を制する武道であるということから、「非力な女性の護身術としても有効」と喧伝されてきており、そのように認識している人も少なくないが、現在その点に関し疑問を呈する声もある。
English: Reasons for the negative opinions include the following, questioning the idea of considering aikido as a common art of self-defense.
Japanese: 否定的な意見の根拠としては、次の例などがあり、合気道をそのまま一般的な護身術として考えることに疑義を呈する。
English: Kata training is a method in which the attacker (tori) and defender (uke) are predetermined, and movements somewhat known to both parties are performed.
Japanese: 型稽古とは、技をかける方（取り）、かけられる方（受け）を予め決めておき、互いにある程度わかった動きを行う稽古法である。
English: In this training, the uke doesn't seriously respond but instead moves in such a way that he/she is more easily attacked.
Japanese: この稽古のときは、受けは本気でこらえることはせず、むしろかけられやすいように動く。
English: When practicing kaeshi waza (a technique in which the uke attacks first, and the tori handles it and attacks), the first attack by the uke is predetermined.
Japanese: 返し技（受けが最初に攻撃し、取りがそれを捌きかける技）の練習のときは、受けの最初の攻撃は前もって決まっている。
English: It is questionable whether the skill to respond to actual free offense and defense (the opponent resists, and the opponent's attack is unknown) is built solely through training in which the opponent doesn't resist and the opponent's attack is known in advance.
Japanese: そのように、相手が抵抗しない、相手の攻撃は前もってわかっている稽古だけで、実際の自由な攻防（相手は抵抗する、相手の攻撃はわからない）への対応力が養えているか疑問。
English: Additionally, with regard to this some say that aikido doesn't require force because 'in training, only kata training where the opponent doesn't resist is performed, so daily training doesn't require force and people who aren't strong can perform as well,' but not because 'aikido's techniques are superior as an art of self-defense or a martial art, allowing one to throw, grapple and control the opponent without force.'
Japanese: また、これに関係して、合気道が力を必要としないのは、「稽古では相手が抵抗しない型稽古しか行わないから、普段の稽古では力を必要としない、力で劣る人もできる」という意味であり、「護身術･武術として考えたときに合気道のテクニックが優れており、力を使わずとも相手を投げる･固める･制することが出来る」という意味ではない、という意見もある。
English: Additionally, in aikido's kata training techniques there are assumptions such as 'the defender doesn't let go of the grip even if he/she is in a somewhat disadvantaged position,' 'when the defender is attacked on his back side, he/she turns around on the front foot and follows the opponent,' or 'when balance is lost slightly, perform ukemi even if it feels as if it's tolerable (be thrown),' which are unthinkable in today's actual fights.
Japanese: 加えて、合気道の型稽古の技法では、「受けは、多少不利な体勢になってもつかんだ手を離さない」や「受けは背中側をとられたら前足を軸に振り向いて相手についていく」や「多少崩れたら、普通に耐えられそうでも受身を取る、（投げられる）」というように、現代の現実の格闘場面では考え難い前提が存在している。