nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After that he was enshrined in Kanto-jingu Shrine (the currently Kwantung Leased Territory, abolished) and Chosen-jingu Shrine (currently Seoul, abolished) or other many shrines overseas.
Japanese: その後、関東神宮（在関東州・廃社）、また朝鮮神宮（在ソウル・廃社）などの海外神社に多く祀られた。
English: There was a theory that Emperor Meiji (Imperial Prince Mutsuhito) was assassinated and Toranosuke OMURO of Choshu who had the blood line of the Southern Court played his substitute, but there is not much credibility about this when compared to the theory of Emperor Komei being assassinated.
Japanese: 明治天皇（睦仁親王）は暗殺され、南朝の血をひく長州の大室寅之祐にすり替えられたという説があるが、孝明天皇暗殺説よりも信憑性は薄いと言われている。
English: Prince Masami (798 - May 863) (old calendar) was an Imperial Family member during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 正躬王（まさみおう、延暦17年（798年）-貞観5年（863年）5月）は平安時代初期の皇族。
English: In 845 Horyu-ji Temple monk, Zengai sued Shonagon, TOMO no Tadana because of an injustice.
Japanese: 承和12年（845年）法隆寺の僧善愷が少納言登美直名に不正があると訴えた。
English: The five Benkan members, including Prince Masami, accepted this petition, Yoshio said the monk presenting the petition with their position was against the regulations covering monks and nuns, thus, he insisted, that accepting the petition was illegal.
Japanese: 正躬王ら5人の弁官はこの訴状を受理したが、善男が僧侶が法体のまま訴訟を起こす事は僧尼令に違反しており、訴状を受理することは違法であると反対した。
English: Since there was no record of the clause of the regulation covering the monks and nuns in fact being used in the past, five Benkan including Prince Masami tried to begin the trial, however Yoshio brought a charge against Prince Masami and others for accepting an illegal petition.
Japanese: 正躬王ら5人の弁官は僧尼令の該当する条項が過去において実際に適用された事がないことを理由に審理をはじめようとするが、善男は違法の訴えを許したと正躬王らを告発した。
English: It caused an argument on the principle of law, Myobo Hakase (an expert of law at the University under the government based on the ritsuryo legal codes), SANUKI no Naganao was to judge the petition and made a decision, as a result, that accepting the petition was decided to be illegal.
Japanese: 法理論争となり、明法博士讃岐永直らが訴状を鑑定して、裁定することになり、結果訴状の受理は違法とされた。
English: Imperial Princess Katsuranomiya Sumiko (February 22, 1829 - October 3, 1881) was Emperor Ninko's third Princess.
Japanese: 桂宮淑子内親王（かつらのみやすみこないしんのう、文政12年1月19日（1829年2月22日）-明治14年（1881年）10月3日）は、仁孝天皇の第三皇女。
English: She received the title to become Imperial Princess on October 18, 1842 just before she was getting married however, two days after this, on October 20 Imperial Prince Naruhito died and the marriage did not happen.
Japanese: 天保13年9月15日（1842年10月18日）には結婚を前に内親王宣下がなされるも、その2日後の9月17日（10月20日）に愛仁親王の薨去が発せられたため、結婚には至らなかった。
English: After her half younger brother, Imperial Prince Katsuranomiya Misahito died on February 11, 1863, since there was no one to succeed to the head of the Katsuranomiya family, Imperial Princess Katsuranomiya Sumiko succeeded to become the twelfth family head of the Katsuranomiya family.
Japanese: 文久2年12月23日（1863年2月11日）、異母弟・桂宮節仁親王の没後空主となっていた桂宮家を継承し、第12代桂宮となる。
English: After that she received Jusango (one of the respective title for Imperial Family or court nobles in the Heian period), Ippon (the first of Imperial Princess's rank) on June 5, 1866 and she was treated well.
Japanese: 次いで慶応2年4月22日（1866年6月5日）には准三后、一品に叙されるなど、大層厚遇された。
English: Since then she was called Katsura jugo no miya and her rank of seating order was higher than Emperor Komei's Nyogo (a consort of an emperor), the Empress Dowager Eisho (Jugo - same as Jusango - at that time).
Japanese: 以後、桂准后宮と称せられることになり、座次でも孝明天皇女御英照皇太后（当時准后）より上座とされた。
English: The funeral was held at Shokoku-ji Temple at Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture on October 20, 1881, and she was entombed in Sennyu-ji Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 同年10月20日京都府京都市上京区の相国寺にて葬儀が執り行われ、同市東山区の泉涌寺内に葬られる。
English: She was very shy and she was in a palanquin while going on a walk in the Palace peering outside through a Bamboo blind.
Japanese: 大変人見知りの激しい性格で、御所の庭を散歩するときにも輿に乗り、簾の間からかいま見るという行動をとっていた。
English: It was Katsuranomiya mansion where Sumiko used to live and it is currently known as Honmaru (the keep of a castle) Palace of Nijo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 現在二条城本丸御殿といわれているのが、淑子の住まいであった桂宮邸である。
English: Since she loved Noh play, a part of the Japanese-style room was arranged to use as a stage for Noh play, this room is still kept as the way it used to be.
Japanese: 能を愛好していた彼女の好みにより、座敷の一部は能舞台として使えるように改造がくわえられており、今でもその遺構が残っている。
English: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (September 30, 1714 - October 23, 1758) was the thirteenth Princess of Emperor Reigen.
Japanese: 吉子内親王（よしこないしんのう、正徳4年8月22日（1714年9月30日）-宝暦8年9月22日（1758年10月23日））は、霊元天皇の第十三皇女。
English: On November 6, 1714, she became engaged when she was one month old to Shogun Ietsugu TOKUGAWA of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 正徳4年9月29日（1714年11月6日）、生後1ヵ月で時の江戸幕府将軍徳川家継と婚約する。
English: There was a power struggle between Hiroko KONOE, Ietsugu's father and the previous Shogun Ienobu's Empress, and nobleman's concubine, Ietsugu's birth mother, Gekkoin in the inner palace of Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 当時の江戸城大奥では家継の父で先に死亡した前将軍徳川家宣の正室・近衛熙子と側室で家継生母の月光院が権力争いをしていた。
English: On the other hand in Kyoto, there was another power struggle between Princess Yoshiko's father, the Cloistered Emperor Reigen and Teneiin's real father, Motohiro KONOE.
Japanese: 一方京都では、内親王の父である霊元法皇と天英院の実父・近衛基熙が同じように権力争いをしていた。
English: During this time Akifusa MANABE and Hakuseki ARAI, who were preparing to proceed 'Shotoku no chi' (the peaceful era of Shotoku), planned to have the young Shogun marry with the Princess from the Imperial Palace, as the Shogun would have more authority in this way, Gekkoin agreed to this plan who wished to have more authority for herself inside the Imperial Palace against Teneiin.
Japanese: その頃「正徳の治」を推し進めていた間部詮房や新井白石は、若年の将軍の権威付けのために皇女の降嫁を計画しており、天英院に対抗する権威を朝廷に求めた月光院も賛成した。
English: On the other hand the Cloistered Emperor Reigen was opposed to the bakufu for a long time, he also agreed to this plan to drive a wedge into the relationship between Motohiro KONOE and the bakufu, in which Konoe got the basis of his political power from.
Japanese: 一方、霊元法皇は長年幕府と対立関係にあったが、政敵である近衛基熙の権力基盤である幕府との関係に楔を打ち込むためにこれに応じたのである。
English: After the ceremony of exchanging betrothal presents was held on April 10, 1716, Ietsugu died just after two months after the ceremony on June 19, 1716, the descending marriage from the Imperial Princess to the Samurai family, the first time in the history, going to Kanto did not happen.
Japanese: 正徳6年2月18日（1716年4月10日）には納采の儀を済ませるも、そのわずか2ヶ月後の享保元年4月30日（1716年6月19日））に家継が死去したため、史上初の武家への皇女降嫁、関東下向には至らなかった。
English: She entered into the priesthood on December 16, 1732, and her Buddhist name was Jorinnomiya.
Japanese: 享保17年10月29日（1732年12月16日）、出家し、法号を浄琳院宮（じょうりんいんのみや）と称される。
English: Cloistered Imperial Prince Sonen (August 1, 1298 - October 7, 1356) was the seventeenth Chief Priest of Shoren-in Temple.
Japanese: 尊円法親王（そんえんほうしんのう、永仁6年6月23日（1298年8月1日）-正平11年/延文1年9月13日（1356年10月7日）は、青蓮院第十七世門跡。
English: He entered into the Shoren-in Temple in 1308, and received the title to become Imperial Prince in 1310.
Japanese: 1308年（延慶元年）に青連院に入り、1310年（延慶3年）に親王宣下を受ける。
English: He went into the Priesthood in 1311 and was renamed Sonen, and became Chief Priest of Shoren-in Temple.
Japanese: 1311年（延慶4年）法門に入り、名を尊円と改めて青連院門跡に就任した。
English: Between 1314 and 1329, he was suspended as Minister of Chief Priest, however he became the chief priest of a religious sect again, he also became the head priest of the Buddhist Tendai sect in 1331.
Japanese: 1314年（正和3年）から1329年（元徳元年）まで門跡管領を止められたが再び門主となり、1331年（元徳3年）には天台座主に任じられている。
English: He learned Waka poems from Yukifusa SESONJI, after Yukifusa fought as member of the Southern Court and died in the War in Kanazawa City in the country of the north, he learned from Yukifusa's younger brother, Yukitada SESONJI.
Japanese: 和歌をはじめ世尊寺行房に学び、行房が南朝方として北国の金沢市で戦死すると、その弟世尊寺行尹に学んだ。
English: He studied Jodaiyo (Japanese calligraphy style during the middle of the Heian period) of ONO no Tofu and FUJIWARA no Yukinari, he then added Cho Sokushi's style to it, and created a new style called the Sonen Style or Sonen Shoren-in style of calligraphy.
Japanese: 小野道風・藤原行成の上代様の書法を研究、それに南宋の張即之の書風を加味し、尊円流または尊円流青蓮院流と称される書法を作り出した。
English: Cloistered Prince Soncho (September 8, 1552 - March 30, 1597) was the sixth Prince of Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Kunisuke.
Japanese: 尊朝法親王（そんちょうほうしんのう、天文21年8月20日（1552年9月8日）-慶長2年2月13日（1597年3月30日））は伏見宮邦輔親王の第6王子。
English: They were often called female Emperor (they were also called Jotei in Goon and Nyotai in Karagoe), after there was active argument of the issue of Imperial succession since 2004, they were commonly called female Emperor in an official document or in the publication.
Japanese: 古くから女帝（呉音じょてい、漢音にょたい）と呼ばれることが多かったが、皇位継承問題の議論が盛んとなった2004年以降、日本の公文書や報道等では女性天皇の表現が用いられるようになった。
English: All the female Emperors including Empress Jingu and Iitoyo no himemiko (Princess Iitoyo) were female Imperial members of the male line in the Imperial Family (Female Emperors of the male line), when they were married, they were Emperor's Empresses before succession to the throne and the husbands (Emperors) previously passed away.
Japanese: 神功皇后や飯豊皇女を含め彼女らはすべて男系皇族である女性（男系女性天皇）であり、かつ既婚の場合は、即位に先立ち天皇の妻（皇后）で夫は故人だったものである。
English: Princess Iitoyo was not officially stated as Emperor as she was called the daughter of Emperor Richu in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), and was called the daughter of Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano in Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan), however she was called 'the twenty fourth Emperor Iitoyo' in Fusoryakki (A Brief History of Japan), and there were some of the opinion that she should be considered as Emperor.
Japanese: ※飯豊皇女は、古事記では履中天皇の娘、日本書紀では市辺押磐皇子の娘であるため公式には天皇とされていないが、扶桑略記に「第24代飯豊天皇」とあるため、天皇として扱うべきとの意見もある。
English: By the way a female emperor simply means female emperor, but sometimes the word, female emperor can be understood as emperor of the female line since it has a similar meaning.
Japanese: なお、上記の如く女性天皇とは単に女性の天皇を指す、個々の天皇の性別についての言葉であるが、語句の類似性から女系天皇と混同されることが多い。
English: However female Emperor means the Imperial members who succeed the Imperial blood line from these maternal relatives, and this does not concern whether the Emperor herself/himself is male or female, (Thus, there are both male and female emperors existing in the female lineage) so female Emperor and Emperor of the female lineage are basically two different words with different concepts.
Japanese: しかしながら、女系天皇とはその天皇自身の性別に関わらず母方から皇室の血統を受け継ぐという血筋についての言葉である（したがって女系の男性天皇・女系の女性天皇の両方があり得る）ため、両者は本質的に異なる概念である。
English: According to Clause 1 of the current Imperial House Act, it is said 'the male Imperial member of the Imperial Family in the male lineage should succeed to the throne.'
Japanese: 現行の皇室典範第1条には、「皇位は、皇統に属する男系の男子が、これを継承する。
English: Not only a female is not allowed to succeed to the throne which there is no example in history, but also female in male lineage is not allowed to succeed to the throne.
Japanese: 」と定められており、前例のない女系天皇はもとより過去に例のある男系女性天皇もまた認められていない。
English: The way to deny Imperial succession of both a female and the Emperor of the female lineage may have caused the confusion to understand the meaning of two different concepts of these words.
Japanese: この「女系」（血筋）と「女性」（性別）との二重の否定が、結果的に両者を混同させる一因になっているともいえよう。
English: However there were no male Imperial successors born into the family since Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito, for forty years, in addition to this, the Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naruhito's first child was the Toshinomiya Imperial Princess Aiko, there was a movement to revise the Imperial House Act to allow female Emperors or Emperors in female lineage to succeed to the Imperial Throne. (Please refer to the issue of Imperial Succession)
Japanese: しかしながら、皇族男子は秋篠宮文仁親王以来、40年間誕生せず、皇太子徳仁親王の第一子も内親王である敬宮愛子内親王であったことから、女性天皇や女系天皇を認めるように皇室典範を改正しようとする動きが見られていた（皇位継承問題を参照）。
English: In September 2006, the male Imperial member, Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Hisahito was born for the first time in forty one years, however the issue of the shortage of male Imperial members was yet unsolved, the Imperial succession problem still remains the same.
Japanese: 2006年9月に41年ぶりの男性皇族である秋篠宮悠仁親王が誕生したが、若い男性皇族不足が解決されたわけでもないため、皇位継承問題は終わっていない（問題を先送りしただけ）とする意見がある。
English: Furthermore, the reason why the idea of a female Emperor was not positively accepted was because of the issue in terms of 'Shinto ceremony.'
Japanese: さらには、女性天皇が積極的に容認されない事情に「神道儀礼」の問題がある。
English: In the current argument about female Emperors, since the 'Shinto ceremony' was not discussed, there is some criticism that there was no consideration by the Imperial Family who succeeded the ritual.
Japanese: 現今の女性天皇の議論において「神道儀礼」について加味されないのは、祭祀継承を旨とする天皇家を無視すると言う批判もある。
English: Generally the descriptions in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) were respected for the details on female Emperors, all the female Emperors in history were female emperor of the male lineage, there were no examples of female emperors married to non Imperial Family members with her children succeeding to the throne.
Japanese: 一般的には記紀の記述を尊重し、過去に存在した女性天皇は何れも男系の女性天皇であり、また女性天皇が皇族男子以外と結婚して産んだ子が皇位を継いだことは一度としてないとされている。
English: Throughout history, there is the generally known theory of 'female Emperor's temporarily succeeding' to avoided the discontinuation of the Imperial lineage (Imperial male line), and to keep the Imperial succession in the male line.
Japanese: 歴史学界では、女性天皇は皇統（皇室の男子血統）の断絶を忌避し、男系での継承を維持したという「女帝中継ぎ論」が通説である。
English: The Ariwara clan originated from Emperor Heizei's Prince, Imperial Prince Abo and Imperial Prince Takaoka's children were demoted from nobility to subject, and they were the clan whose ancestors were from Imperial Family. (Please refer to the Imperial Family members who were demoted from nobility to subject.)
Japanese: 在原氏（ありわらし）は、平城天皇皇子の阿保親王・高岳親王の子男が臣籍降下したことに興る皇別氏族（賜姓皇族参照）。
English: The common clan was Imperial Abo's clan, they were the descendants of the brothers of ARIWARA no Yukihira and ARIWARA no Narihira who were demoted to subjects and became successful.
Japanese: 一般に知られるのは阿保親王流で、臣籍降下に預かった在原行平・在原業平兄弟の子孫が栄えた。
English: They spent days in obscurity during Emperor Montoku's era, however the Ariwara clan became successful during Emperor Seiwa's era.
Japanese: 文徳天皇の時代には不遇の日々であったが、清和天皇の代に在原氏の家運も上昇。
English: Once powerful clans established a daigaku besso (a dormitory facility built near the University for the court noble's children), the Ariwara clan also established Shogakuin and send their children to study there.
Japanese: 有力氏族により大学別曹が形成されるようになると、在原氏も奨学院を創設し、子女の教育にあたらせた。
English: Later on, there was also a theory that the Ariwara clan was from the Hirate clan, which Masahide HIRATE, a chief retainer of the Oda clan of Owari Province, who was in the blood line of the Arao clan with the Ariwara surname. (Another theory was the Hirade clan was from the Sugawara clan, the Kamo clan or there is an oral tradition that the Hirate clan was from the Serada clan of the Nitta clan line.)
Japanese: また、後に在原姓荒尾氏の系統として尾張国・織田氏の重臣である平手政秀を出した平手氏の出自とする説がある（平手氏は他に菅原氏、賀茂氏、伝承として新田氏系世良田氏流との説もある）。
English: The palace (the emperor's house), which was the civic center, was located at the northern center of the walled city, and the dairi, which was the Emperor's private residence, was located inside the palace.
Japanese: 都城の北辺中央に官庁エリアである宮城（皇城）があり、宮城内部に天皇の私的な在所である内裏があった。
English: Heiangu (the Outer Palace Precincts), the palace, was located on the northern side of Heiankyo, and the dairi measured approximately 300 m from north to south and 200 m from east to west in the easterly of the center within the Heiangu.
Japanese: 平安京の北辺には宮城である平安宮（大内裏）があり、その内部の中央東寄りに南北約300m、東西約200mの内裏が存在した。
English: Dairi was located on the north side of 'Chodoin' which was the central government of the palace, surrounded by tsuijibei (a roofed mud-wall), and the inner palace was located on the north side and Shishinden (the Hall for State Ceremonies) which was the emperor's state affairs office (Seimusho) and Seiryoden which was the center of daily life were located on the south side inside the dairi.
Japanese: 内裏は、宮城の中央政庁である「朝堂院」の北側に位置し、周囲を築地塀に囲まれ、その内部は北側に後宮、南側に天皇の政務所である紫宸殿や日常生活の中心地である清涼殿などがあった。
English: After Heiankyo dairi was burned down in 960, it suffered several fires, and when satodairi (a temporary palace) became available, the emperor spent most of his time there, so the significance of the dairi was diminished.
Japanese: 平安京内裏は960年（天徳4年）火災で全焼したあと、幾度も火災に見舞われ、やがて里内裏が現れてくると天皇はもっぱらそちらに常住するようになり、内裏の意義は低下してくる。
English: The dairi in Heiangu was never rebuilt after it was burned down during the Kamakura period, and Kyoto Imperial Palace (Tsuchimikado Higashi no Toindono) which was the satodairi located on the east side of the dairi became the palace after the Southern and Northern Courts, and Shishinden and Seiryoden were rebuilt within the palace in the recent times.
Japanese: 平安宮の内裏は鎌倉時代に焼亡したのち再建されることはなく、南北朝以後は内裏の東に位置する里内裏であった京都御所（つちみかどひがしのとういんどの）が御所となり、近世になってその内域に紫宸殿、清涼殿などが復元された。
English: The term "Female-line Emperor" (Jokei Tenno) refers to an Emperor of Japan who is a descendent of the imperial line only on his/her mother's side; such an emperor may also be referred to as a `Mother-line Emperor.'
Japanese: 女系天皇（じょけいてんのう）とは、日本において母のみが皇統に属する天皇を指す呼称であり、また、「母系天皇」と称されることもある。
English: Since the Japanese terms for "Female-line Emperor" (女系天皇) and "Female Emperor" (女性天皇) are somewhat similar in wording, the meaning of "Female-line Emperor" is often confused with that of "Female Emperor;" given that the term "Female-line Emperor" is related to imperial bloodline while the term "Female Emperor" is related to gender, their concepts are quite different.
Japanese: 語句の類似から、単に女子の天皇を指す女性天皇と混同されることも多いが、天皇家の血筋についての「女系天皇」と、天皇個人の性別についての「女性天皇」とは異なる概念である。
English: Regardless of the gender of the Emperor, both female-line male Emperor and female-line female Emperor can conceptually exist.
Japanese: その天皇自身が男か女かという性別とは関係がなく、概念上女系男性天皇と女系女性天皇の両方が存在しうる。
English: According to the statements in the "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters), "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), and other history books, the Japanese imperial line has been succeeded by the male bloodline since the first Emperor Jinmu to the hundered and twenty-fifth present Emperor (so-called `unbroken line of Emperors,' however, there are many views regarding the credibility of this theory including the view of Itsue TAKAMURE; that imperial succession was based on the mother-line in ancient times.)
Japanese: 『古事記』、『日本書紀』やその他歴史書の表向きの記載によれば、日本の皇統は初代神武天皇から現在の第125代今上天皇まで男系の血筋のみで続いてきたとされる（いわゆる「万世一系」、ただし信憑性については諸説あり、高群逸枝などの民俗学者は古代が母系制であったことを主張している）。
English: From the perspective of an unbroken line of Emperors, a Female-line Emperor doesn't belong to the imperial lineage originating from Emperor Jinmu even if he/she ascended to the throne, therefore, leading to the first-ever dynastic change in Japan.
Japanese: 万世一系の立場からは、女系天皇は即位しても神武天皇以来の皇統に属さず、その結果として日本史上初の王朝交代が生じる、ということになる。
English: The regulation that `only male-line descendants of the Emperor are able to succeed the imperial throne' was established in the Meiji era; 1868 - 1912 based on the former process of imperial succession.
Japanese: 「天皇の男系子孫のみが皇位を継承できる」というのは、明治期にそれまでの継承経緯とされるものを元に成立したものである。
English: It is usually assumed that eight female Emperors in ten generations, including six female Emperors in eight generations during the period between the end of the sixth century and the latter half of the eighth century, were in the past, and it is undeniable that their father was either Emperor or Crown Prince.
Japanese: 一般に女性天皇は過去に8人10代存在するとされ、その内の6人8代は6世紀末から8世紀後半に集中するが、いずれも天皇または皇子を父に持つことは事実である。
English: It is also assumed that they are either unmarried (for their entire lifetime) or formerly-married to an Emperor or a Crown Prince (widow, not remarried) (refer to Family Tree below).
Japanese: また、未婚（生涯独身）か天皇・皇太子の元配偶者（未亡人、再婚せず）かのいずれかであったとされている（下掲系図を参照）。
English: At that time, a female member of Imperial Family must abandon their membership in the imperial family if she marries a non-imperial family member, therefore her child never succeeds the throne.
Japanese: 当時も、皇族女子が非皇族男子と結婚すれば必ず皇籍を離れねばならず、その間に生まれた子が皇位を継ぐことはなかったとされる。
English: It is uncertain whether a child between a female member of the Imperial Family and a male member of a non-Imperial Family member obtains the right to succeed the throne or not; the person whose mother is a member of the Imperial Family was regarded nobler than their general peers, so called `Miyahara' (born to a female member of the Imperial Family).
Japanese: 女性皇族と非皇族男子との間の子に皇位継承権がなかったとの事実も、あったとの事実もまた確認されていないが、当時女性皇族を母に持つ人間は「宮腹」と呼ばれ、普通の貴族より高貴な存在と目されていた。
English: There is a theory that a few alternations or falsifications were made to the genealogy during the periods of Kinmei, Suiko, Saimei, and therefore careful examination is required.
Japanese: また、欽明から推古、斉明にかけての系譜にも少なからず改ざん･造作が行われたとの説もあり、系譜自体も慎重な検討が必要であるとする説もある。
English: As for the imperial line before that period, Nakatsusumeramikoto ron; if the existence of Empress or Princess who was a liaison between God and Emperor advocated by Nobuo ORIGUCHI, is considered, female-line Emperors might have existed (some people say that they were neither female-line nor male-line but female & male-line Emperors).
Japanese: それ以前の皇統については、折口信夫の主張する中天皇論等を考慮すれば、女系天皇（純然たる女系あるいは男系でなく双系という意見もある）であった可能性も少なくないとの説もある。
English: Before Meiji Period; Empress Jingu who played a role as Emperor during the period when no Emperor reigned was regarded as Emperor.
Japanese: 明治以前は、天皇が在位していない期間に天皇として役割を果たした神功皇后を天皇とみなしていた。
English: There is also a view that female imperial family members such as Princess Iitoyo or Kasuga no Yamada no Himemiko (Princess) were Emperors because they played a role for political reasons.
Japanese: ほかにも、飯豊皇女や春日山田皇女なども政治を司ったという意味で天皇ではなかったかの考え方もある。
English: Furthermore, there is an opinion that quite a few inconsistencies in "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" are solved, and deceased persons in the gigantic ancient tomb are easily identified by reviewing history adopting the Nobuo ORIGUCHI's theory regarding Nakatsusumeramikoto; Empress or Princess who is a liaison between God and Emperor, and the Hime-Hiko system advocated by folklore scholars; the Princess-Prince system; governing the country by female and male imperial family members.
Japanese: さらに徹底して、折口信夫の中天皇あるいは民俗学者がいうヒメ･ヒコ制で歴史を整理すれば、『古事記』･『日本書紀』の矛盾の多くが解決し、巨大古墳の被葬者の治定も容易に定まることになるとする意見もある。
English: There are some cases such as the thirty-eighth Emperor Tenji, the fortieth Emperor Tenmu, or the forty-second Emperor Monmu who was the child of a Female Emperor and succeeded the throne; their father (the husband of the Female Emperor) was also Emperor or Prince (Refer to Family Tree below).
Japanese: なお、第38代天智天皇、第40代天武天皇、第42代文武天皇など女性天皇の子が即位した例もあるが、その子の父親すなわち女性天皇の夫もまた天皇・皇太子である（下掲系図を参照）。
English: If we rely on this theory, the thirty-eighth Emperor Tenji and others were also regarded as Female-line Emperor rather than Male-line Emperor based on the genealogy.
Japanese: しかしこの説によるならば、その系譜から第38代天智天皇らも男系ではなく女系の天皇と見なすこともできる。
English: Various falsifications seemed to be made in the "Kojiki" and the "Nihonshoki," and one of the problems arising from the falsifications is that the imperial line was indicated as if it had been succeeded by Male-line Emperors.
Japanese: 『古事記』、『日本書紀』にはさまざまな造作が加えられているとされるが、その問題の1つには天皇が男系で継承されてきたように記した点である。
English: In ancient times, belonging to a clan was based on the father-line, but customs are based upon the mother-line, therefore it is suspicious that the succession of a household was always based on the father-line (In subsequent periods, there has been a system taking a son-in-law into the house).
Japanese: 古代、氏族としての帰属は父系を原則としていたのは事実としても、生活習慣は基本的に母系制であり、家の継承が常に父系的に行われていたとは考えられないのではないだろうか、ということである（その後の時代も婿養子という制度は残されている）。
English: In Japan today, a married couple chooses a husband/wife's surname for them and their child in accordance with the Civil Code, and most married couples chose the surname of the husband/father.
Japanese: 現在の日本においては、結婚した夫婦は民法上どちらかの姓を名乗り、その子もその姓を名乗ることとなっているが、現状でそのほとんどが男子（父）の姓を名乗っている。
English: Supposing that the succession of the surname represents the succession of the household, it can be said that male-line succession is common in the nation, however, a few son-in-laws or daughters take over the family; a remaining convention from the past female-line succession.
Japanese: 姓をもって家の継承と見なすならば国民においても男系継承が一般的であるといえるが、婿養子あるいは娘の子が跡を継ぐことも少ないながら存在し、かつての女系継承の残滓ともいえるものも見受けられる。