nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, together with vice-minister Senichi SHIRANE, he called out police force to intervene the election forcibly which caused casualities as a result.
Japanese: しかし次官の白根専一とともに警察を動員して強力な選挙干渉を行なって死者まで出した。
English: He also helped the foundation of schools such as Doitsugaku Kyokai Gakko (School of the Society for German Studies, present-day Dokkyo Gakuen [Dokkyo Group of Academic Institutions]) and Keika Junior High School (present-day Keika Gakuen), as well as credit and industrial cooperative associations.
Japanese: 獨逸学協会学校（現獨協学園）や旧制京華中学校（現京華学園）の創立し、また信用組合や産業組合の設立にも貢献した。
English: He is known to have written the lyrics for the song "Tokotonyare-bushi" (the Go-all-the-way song, also known as "Miyasan, Miyasan" [My Lord, My Lord]), which was popular among the New Government army soldiers during the Boshin War.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争の際、新政府軍が歌った「トコトンヤレ節」（「宮さん宮さん」）は、品川が作詞をしたとされる。
English: As described by Shoin, Shinagawa was a gentle, honest man with full of heart, and plainly unvarnished.
Japanese: 松陰は品川を「温厚正直で人情に厚く、うわべを飾らない。」と述べている。
English: Shoin further reckoned Shinagawa as not a figure who shows an outstanding performance, but excelled with his large mindedness.
Japanese: また、「抜きん出た能力はないが、心が広く奥深いのが優れている」と評している。
English: He built Sonno to, a hall in honor of the royalists who lost their lives during the Restoration, and donated the hall to Kyoto Imperial University.
Japanese: 維新で亡くなった志士たちを顕彰するため、京都に尊攘堂を建立して京都帝国大学に寄贈した。
English: He was elected as the first secretary-general (present-day President) of Japan Fisheries Association (and served the position from February 12, 1882 to April 26, 1886).
Japanese: 大日本水産会第一次幹事長(初代会長に相当、1882年2月12日～1886年4月26日)。
English: Iwao OYAMA (November 12, 1842 - December 10, 1916) was a Japanese samurai (warrior), statesman, Genro (elder statesman), and military man.
Japanese: 大山巌（おおやまいわお、天保13年10月10日(旧暦)（1842年11月12日）-大正5年（1916年）12月10日）は、日本の武士、政治家、元老、軍人。
English: He was born in 1842 as the second son of Hikohachi Tsunamasa OYAMA, a feudal retainer of the Satsuma clan, on the Kakimotoderadori Street in Kajiyacho Town (Shimokajiyacho Hogiri) near Kagoshima-jo Castle in Satsuma Province (His childhood name was Iwajiro.)
Japanese: 天保13年（1842年）、薩摩国鹿児島城下加治屋町柿本寺通（下加治屋町方限）に薩摩藩士・大山彦八綱昌の次男として生まれた（幼名岩次郎）。
English: He belonged to the radical extremists influenced by Shinshichi ARIMA, and others in the same domain, but they were suppressed by the party advocating the integration of the imperial court and the shogunate in the Teradaya Incident of 1862, and thereby Oyama was suspended under house arrest in Satsuma.
Japanese: 同藩の有馬新七等に影響されて過激派に属したが、文久2年（1862年）の寺田屋事件では公武合体派によって鎮圧され、大山は帰国謹慎処分となる。
English: In the Anglo-Satsuma War, he was shocked by the military forces of the powerful countries in Western Europe and started to learn about gunnery in the school of Hidetatsu EGAWA, a shogun's retainer.
Japanese: 薩英戦争では西欧列強の軍事力に衝撃を受け、幕臣江川英龍の塾にて砲術を学ぶ。
English: He developed a cannon called 'Yasuke cannon' and moved from place to place to fight, such as Toba Fushimi and Aizu, leading a new-style musket unit in the Boshin War.
Japanese: 「弥助砲」と呼ばれる大砲を開発するなど、戊辰戦争では新式銃隊を率いて、鳥羽伏見や会津などの各地を転戦。
English: He studied in Geneva from 1870 to 1873.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）から同6年（1873年）の間はジュネーヴに留学した。
English: He rose smoothly in the army and suppressed a series of rebellions of the warrior class including the Seinan War.
Japanese: 陸軍では順調に栄達し、西南戦争をはじめ、相次ぐ士族の反乱を鎮圧した。
English: He was appointed to a commander of the second string in the Japanese-Sino War as the Army General (Japanese Army), and a commander in chief of the Manchuria troops in the Japanese-Russo War as the Army Marshal (Japanese Army).
Japanese: 日清戦争では陸軍大将として第2軍(日本軍)司令官、日露戦争においては、陸軍元帥として満州軍(日本軍)総司令官に就任。
English: In the early Meiji period, he won the internal conflict (the army controversy) with the so-called 'four-generals party' of Tateki TANI, Sukenori SOGA, Koyata TORIO, and Goro MIURA, as the Lord of Army to prevent the army from splitting, and after that he served as the Minister of Army for a long time from the middle of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, and also held various posts such as the Chief of the General Staff and prewar Home Minister (Japan).
Japanese: 明治前期には陸軍卿として谷干城・曾我祐準・鳥尾小弥太・三浦梧楼の所謂「四将軍派」との内紛（陸軍紛議）に勝利して陸軍の分裂を阻止し、以後明治中期から大正期にかけて陸軍大臣を長期にわたって勤め、また、参謀総長、内務大臣(日本)なども歴任。
English: He was highly esteemed as the elder statesman and became a person of great influence in the army as well as Aritomo YAMAGATA, but lacked in political ambitions and a desire for power, and thereby kept declining to be a candidate of the prime minister together with Tsugumichi SAIGO.
Japanese: 元老としても重きをなし、陸軍では山縣有朋と並ぶ大実力者となったが、政治的野心や権力欲は乏しく、元老の中では西郷従道と並んで総理候補に擬せられることを終始避け続けた。
English: He owned villas in Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, and in Nasushiobara City, Tochigi Prefecture; he especially loved Nasu and even owned a farm there.
Japanese: 静岡県沼津市、栃木県那須塩原市に別荘を所有、特に那須を愛し、農場も持っていた。
English: In 1916, he accompanied the Emperor Taisho as the Minister of the Interior's Office and on the way back from watching the army's special large-scaled maneuver conducted in Fukuoka Prefecture, he fell ill due to stomach disorder and simultaneously cholecystitis occurred.
Japanese: 大正5年（1916年）、内大臣府として大正天皇に供奉し福岡県で行われた陸軍特別大演習を参観した帰途に胃病から倒れ、胆嚢炎を併発。
English: At his death bed, Aritomo YAMAGATA, Kageaki KAWAMURA, Masatake TERAUCHI, Tamemoto KUROKI and others gathered, and it is said that it was as if the marshals (Japan) moved into the residence of the Oyama family.
Japanese: 臨終の枕元には山縣有朋、川村景明、寺内正毅、黒木為楨などが一同に顔を揃え、まるで元帥(日本)が大山家に越してきたようだったという。
English: His father: Tsunamasa OYAMA (the second son of Takamitsu SAIGO, a feudal retainer of the Satsuma clan, adopted by Tsunatake OYAMA, a feudal retainer of the Satsuma clan, an expert of gunnery)
Japanese: 父大山綱昌（薩摩藩士西郷隆充の次男、薩摩藩士大山綱毅の養子。砲術専門家）
English: His grandfathers: Takamitsu SAIGO and Tsunatake OYAMA (the second son of Tsunamichi OYAMA, a lord chamberlain, also a supply officer-cum-lord chamberlain of the lord residence in Edo Shiba, and died in 1834 due to illness)
Japanese: 祖父西郷隆充、大山綱毅（側用人大山綱道次男、江戸芝藩邸御広敷御用人、天保5年病没）
English: In the Seinan War, Iwao fought against Takamori SAIGO, his relative, as a commander of the government army, and never returned to Kagoshima because this was his concern throughout his life.
Japanese: 西南戦争では政府軍の指揮官として親戚筋の西郷隆盛を相手に戦ったが、大山はこのことを生涯気にして、二度と鹿児島に帰る事はなかった。
English: However, he was close to the Saigo family throughout his life, and especially with Tsugumichi SAIGO, they were the sworn allies more than the relatives.
Japanese: ただし西郷家とは生涯にわたって親しく、特に西郷従道とは親戚以上の盟友関係にあった。
English: Iwao was remarkably intelligent and outstanding until his adolescence, but tried to acquire the limitless style with himself after the age of maturity.
Japanese: 大山は青年期まで俊異として際立ったが、壮年以降は自身に茫洋たる風格を身に付けるよう心掛けた。
English: An anecdote is left that in the Battle of Saka during the Japanese-Russo War: an atmosphere of the General Headquarters became frantic after experiencing a hard battle, Oyama woke up from a nap, instantly brightened up the air in the room and recovered everyone's composure by jokingly saying that 'Mr. Gentaro KOJIMA, is there a battle anywhere today?'
Japanese: 日露戦争の沙河会戦で、苦戦を経験し総司令部の雰囲気が殺気立ったとき、昼寝から起きて来た大山の「児玉源太郎さん、今日もどこかで戦（ゆっさ）がごわすか」の惚けた一言で、部屋の空気がたちまち明るくなり、皆が冷静さを取り戻したという逸話がある。
English: However, his intelligence and outstanding character remained even during the Japanese-Russo War and an official recorded is left that, he presided over the staff officer meetings, actively asked reports, and conducted the commands when Kojima took a trip to Lushun for encouraging the third troop of the Japanese Army.
Japanese: ただし俊異の性格は日露戦争中も残っており、児玉が旅順に第3軍(日本軍)督励のため出張している間は、大山が自ら参謀会議を主宰し、積極的に報告を求め作戦を指揮したという公式記録が残っている。
English: In December 7, 1905, Iwao triumphantly returned to his residence at Aoyama (Harajuku) in Tokyo at last, and Kashiwa, his son, asked him 'what was the most difficult thing during the war as the commander in chief?'; he replied that 'I had to pretend not knowing but I knew, to make young soldiers not worry.'
Japanese: 明治38年（1905年）12月7日にようやく東京青山（原宿）の私邸に凱旋帰国した大山に対し、息子の柏が「戦争中、総司令官として一番苦しかったことは何か」と問うたのに対し、「若い者を心配させまいとして、知っていることも知らん顔をしなければならなかった」ことを挙げている。
English: Perhaps it was one way to express his point of view on the matter whether to be 'limitless' or 'superb.'
Japanese: 「茫洋」か「俊異」かという事項についての彼自身によるひとつの解答であろう。
English: Later Mechnikov took a post of a teacher in 'Tokyo School of Foreign Languages' (old system), and it is said that this was under Oyama's influence.
Japanese: のちに「東京外国語学校(旧制)」教師として赴任したが、大山の影響によるといわれる。
English: They are "Meiji Restoration in Memories, Notes of a Russian Revolutionist" (Iwanami bunko) and "Meiji Restoration seen by an Exiled Russian" (Kodansha Academic Paperback).
Japanese: 『回想の明治維新　一ロシア人革命家の手記』（岩波文庫）と『亡命ロシア人の見た明治維新』（講談社学術文庫）。
English: Takamori SAIGO, his male cousin, was also stout and overweight, but Oyama was also fairly big himself.
Japanese: 従兄弟の西郷隆盛も大柄で肥満体だったが、大山もなかなかのものであった。
English: He was called 'Gama' (toad), a nickname taken from his body shape and the impression of his face.
Japanese: その体型と顔の印象から「ガマ」（ガマガエル）というニックネームで呼ばれていた。
English: According to a memory of his son, Kashiwa OYAMA, Iwao gobbled up a bowl of rice topped with a more than 40 cm of kabayaki (grilled and seasoned with a slightly thick, slightly sweet sauce) eel, and favored beefsteaks and red wine imported from France, thus Iwao's weight was more than 95 kg when he was the heaviest.
Japanese: 息子の大山柏の回想によると40cm以上もある鰻の蒲焼がのった鰻丼ペロリと完食し、ビーフステーキとフランスから輸入した赤ワインが好物で、体重は最も重いときで95kgを越えていたという。
English: Iti is said that Sutematsu, his wife, wrote a letter to her friend complaining, 'lately my husband is becoming fatter and fatter, and I am becoming thinner and thinner.'
Japanese: 妻の捨松は友人への手紙で「主人は最近ますます太り、私はますますやせ細っています。」と愚痴をこぼしていたという。
English: However, according to 'Marshal Duke Iwao OYAMA,' he became obese in his later years, and at first he was rather thin and good at the art of the spearmanship.
Japanese: ただし、「元帥公爵大山巌」では肥満になったのは晩年のことで、当初はどちらかというと痩せ気味であったといい、槍術を得意としたという。
English: The invitation card for a reception banquet of his second marriage with Sutematsu amazed the people, because it was written in French.
Japanese: 捨松との再婚の時の披露宴招待状は全文がフランス語で書かれた物で人々を仰天させたという。
English: After leaving the official residence for the Minister of Army, he built his own house in the motif of old castles in Germany.
Japanese: 陸軍大臣公邸を出たあとに建てた自邸はドイツの古城をモチーフとした物だった。
English: However, the taste of the appearance was less than flattering and even Sutematsu's old friend (American) severely criticized it when visiting the place.
Japanese: しかし、見た目の趣味はお世辞にもいいとはいえない代物で、ここを訪ねた捨松の旧友（アメリカ人）にも酷評されている。
English: Although Iwao was satisfied with this new house, Sutematsu, his wife, worried about their children's future from own experience, thinking that 'a life based on the excessive Western-style may prevent them from being used to Japan's customs' and therefore, she arranged children's rooms in Japanese-style.
Japanese: 巌はこの新居に満足していたが、妻・捨松は「あまりにも洋式生活になれると日本の風俗になじめないのでは」と、自分の経験から子供の将来を心配し、子供部屋は和室にしつらえていた。
English: Iwao's signature remains in a Vuitton's client list as 'the first Japanese clients of Louis Vuitton' together with Shojiro GOTO, Kinmochi SAIONJI, and others.
Japanese: また後藤象二郎、西園寺公望らと共に「ルイ・ヴィトンの日本人顧客となった最初の人」として、ヴィトンの顧客名簿に自筆のサインが残っている。
English: It has been told that he was listening to 'Snowy military advance' composed by Kenshi NAGAI after he was confined to bed until the final stage of death.
Japanese: 病床についてから死ぬ間際まで永井建子作曲の『雪の進軍』を聞いていたと伝えられている。
English: Many newspapers dedicated a large space in mourning the great literary figure's death, and therefore the news of Oyama's death on the following day was so simple compared to that of other elder statesmen, but rather impressed differences from him and the others newly.
Japanese: 新聞の多くは文豪の死を悼んで多くの紙面を彼に割いたため、明くる日の大山の訃報は他の元老の訃報とは比較にならないほど地味なものだったが、それが大山と他の元老たちの違いを改めて印象づけた。
English: In the state funeral held on December 17, the Major General Yahontov, a military officer attached to the Russian Embassy, visited the Oyama family in person, apart from the attending Russian ambassador in Japan, to deliver a condolence speech 'representing the entire Russian army,' and placed an exceptionally predominant wreath on the altar by himself.
Japanese: 12月17日の国葬では、参列する駐日ロシア大使とは別にロシア大使館付武官のヤホントフ少将が直に大山家を訪れ、「全ロシア陸軍を代表して」弔詞を述べ、ひときわ目立つ花輪を自ら霊前に供えた。
English: It was only two of them, Oyama and then Heihachiro TOGO, to whom such courteous condolences were expressed by the military commander of a former enemy.
Japanese: かつての敵国の武将からのこのような丁重な弔意を受けたのは、この大山と後の東郷平八郎の二人だけだった。
English: A lot of articles left by Oyama are kept by the Utsunomiya Base of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, and displayed in the Museum.
Japanese: 陸上自衛隊宇都宮駐屯地には大山の遺品が多数収蔵され、資料館に展示されている。
English: The Oyama family owned a huge private residence in Aoyama (Harajuku), Tokyo, but it was lost by fire due to the air raid in the Pacific War.
Japanese: 大山家は、東京青山（原宿）に広大な私邸を持っていたが、太平洋戦争中の空襲で焼失。
English: The four volumes of "Iwao OYAMA" written by Noboru KOJIMA (published by Bungeishunju Ltd., later Bunshun Bunko) is a representative biography, but now is out of stock.
Japanese: 代表的な伝記として、児島襄著『大山巌』全４巻（文藝春秋のち文春文庫）があるが品切れ。
English: Munenori TERASHIMA (June 21, 1832 - June 6, 1893) was a retainer of shogun during the late Edo period, and a statesman during the Meiji period.
Japanese: 寺島宗則（てらじまむねのり、1832年6月21日（天保3年5月23日(旧暦)）-1893年（明治26年）6月6日）は、江戸時代後期の幕臣、明治時代の政治家である。
English: He was born as second son of Narimune NAGANO, a goshi (country samurai) in Aza-kashinoura, Wakimoto-mura, Izumi-go, Izumi County, Satsuma Province (present-day Wakimoto, Akune City) in 1832.
Japanese: 1832年、薩摩国出水郡出水郷脇本村字槝之浦（現・阿久根市脇本）の郷士長野成宗の次男として生まれる。
English: After having studied Western learning in Edo, he served as an attendant doctor to the lord of the Satsuma Domain, Nariakira SHIMAZU, however, he left the domain and served as an assistant teaching staff at Bansho shirabesho (one of the forerunner organizations of Tokyo University in Edo) after Shimazu's death.
Japanese: 江戸に出て蘭学を学び、薩摩藩主島津斉彬の侍医となったが、斉彬の死後に藩を離れて幕府の蕃書調所に勤める。
English: Seeking bailout for the government which had been facing economic difficulties after the Seinan War, he went on negotiating the recovery of Japan's taxation authority from the western countries in 1879, where he was successful with the United States but finally set back due to Great Britain's opposition.
Japanese: 西南戦争後の政府の財政難から税権回復を目指し、1879年には諸外国との条約改正に臨み、アメリカとの交渉は良好に進むがイギリスの反対などで挫折している。
English: Afterwards, he resigned from his diplomatic position and served as Genroin gikan (Councilor of Chamber of Elders or Senate), Vice President of the Privy Council, and Privy Councilor.
Japanese: その後、外交官を辞職し、元老院議官、枢密院副議長、枢密顧問官などを務める。
English: Tsunetami SANO (February 8, 1823 - December 7, 1902) was a samurai and a feudal retainer of the Saga clan.
Japanese: 佐野常民（さのつねたみ、1823年2月8日（文政5年12月28日(旧暦)）-1902年12月7日）は、日本の武士・佐賀藩士。
English: He was born in Saga (Hayatsue Village, Saga County, Hizen Province: present Saga City) as the fifth son of Saburozaemon (Mitsuyoshi) SHIMOMURA who was a feudal retainer of the Saga clan.
Japanese: 佐賀藩士下村三郎左衛門（充贇）の5男として佐賀（肥前国佐賀郡早津江村　現・佐賀市）に生まれる。
English: In 1831, he became an adopted son of Tsunemi SANO, who was a doctor of the Saga Domain, and he received the name Eiju from former lord of the domain.
Japanese: 1831年（天保2年）に佐賀藩医佐野常徴の養子となり、佐賀藩の前藩主から栄寿の名を授かった。
English: He studied in the domain school in Saga, Kodokan, and he went to Edo to study under Doan KOGA in 1838.
Japanese: 佐賀藩校・弘道館に学び、1838年（天保9年）には江戸へ遊学、古賀侗庵に学ぶ。
English: In 1839, he returned to Saga and learned the study of old documents at Kodokan, and surgery at Matsuo-juku.
Japanese: 1839年（天保10年）、佐賀に帰り、弘道館で考証学を、松尾塾で外科術を学ぶ。
English: In 1846, he entered Genkyo HIROSE's Jishudo school in Kyoto, and then in 1848, he studied in the Tekijuku (the school of the Western studies) opened by Koan OGATA in Osaka and also entered Shunrinken (Medical school, hospital and accommodation in Edo period) founded by Seishu HANAOKA in Kii.
Japanese: 1846年（弘化3年）、京都で広瀬元恭の時習堂に入門し、1848年（嘉永元年）には大坂の緒方洪庵の適塾で学び、さらに紀伊で華岡青洲が開いた春林軒塾に入門する。
English: In 1849, he entered Shosendojuku founded by Genboku ITO in Edo, and became a school manager.
Japanese: 1849年（嘉永2年）、江戸で伊東玄朴の象先堂塾に入門し、塾頭となる。
English: In August of the same year, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) opened Nagasaki Kaigun Denshu-sho (Japanese Naval School in Edo) and 48 feudal retainers of the Saga clan including Tsunetami attended as members of the inaugural class.
Japanese: 同年8月に幕府が長崎海軍伝習所を開設し、佐賀藩から常民ら四十八名が第一期生として参加する。
English: Around the time, he preached to the lord of the domain, Naomasa NABESHIMA, the need for the foundation of a navy and he became a person in charge of Kaigun-sho (navy).
Japanese: この頃に藩主鍋島直正へ海軍創設の必要性を説き､自ら海軍所の責任者となる｡
English: In 1857, he became the captain of Hiunmaru (a name of a warship) that the Saga Domain bought from Netherlands, and the following year, 1858, he became a director of Kaigun-sho in Tsu, Mie.
Japanese: 1857年（安政4年）、佐賀藩がオランダから購入した飛雲丸の船将となり、翌1858年（安政5年）、三重津海軍所の監督となる。
English: In 1867, he attended the Paris Universal Exposition and he saw and heard about the International Red Cross Society and its activity there.
Japanese: 1867年（慶応3年）、パリ万博に参加し、パリ万博会場で国際赤十字の組織と活動を見聞した。
English: He inspected military affairs, industry and shipbuilding techniques in Western countries and returned to Japan in 1868.
Japanese: 西欧諸国の軍事､産業､造船術などを視察して翌1868年（明治元年）に帰国。
English: He was appointed to Hyobu shojo (Junior Secretary of the Ministry of War) in Hyobusho (Ministry of War) for eight months from March to October in 1870, and he devoted himself in establishment of a foundation for the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Japanese: 1870年（明治3年）3月～10月までの8ヶ月間、兵部省兵部少丞に就任し、日本海軍の基礎創りに尽力する。
English: However, a relationship between governors in charge of navy, including a Hyobu shojo Meido MASUDA, was not a friendly one and the effort of Sano failed to show results.
Japanese: しかし、増田明道兵部少丞等他の海軍担当官との関係は良好とは言い難く、佐野の奮闘は空回りでしかなかった。
English: In 1872, he was appointed to a Goyogakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household) for exhibition and he held Japan's first exhibition in Yushima Seido (Sacred Hall at Yushima) in March 1872 to modernize Japanese industry.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）、博覧会御用掛に就任し、日本の産業の近代化をめざすべく、同年3月に日本初の博覧会を湯島聖堂で開催する。
English: In 1873, he was appointed to a vice-president of administration for the Vienna International Exhibition, and sent to the exhibition.
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）、ウィーン万国博覧会事務副総裁に就任して、ウィーン万博に派遣される。
English: He submitted 'the Petition for establishment of Hakuaisha (an organization founded in Seinan War and aimed for aids of the wounded, later Japanese Red Cross Society)' based on the knowledge of the Red Cross Society, which aid wounded soldiers regardless of enemies and allies, to the government but this was not permitted.
Japanese: 敵味方の区別なく戦場で負傷した将兵を看護する赤十字社の知識を元に、「博愛社設立請願書」を政府に提出するが不許可となる。
English: In 1879, he established an artwork organization called Ryuchi kai (Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai [Japan Art Association]) to stop outflow of Japan Art, and took office as a president.
Japanese: 1879年（明治12年）、日本美術の海外流出を防ぐために、龍池会(日本美術協会)と呼ばれる美術団体を発足し、会頭に就任する。
English: In 1880, he was appointed to Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) but he resigned in Meiji juyonen no seihen (the failed Meiji-14 coup of 1881) in 1881.
Japanese: 1880年（明治13年）、大蔵卿に就任するが、翌1881年（明治14年）の明治十四年の政変で辞任する。
English: In 1883, the national hygiene association, Dainihon Shiritsu Eiseikai, was launched and he was appointed to a president.
Japanese: 1883年（明治16年）、大日本私立衛生会が発足し、会頭に就任する。
English: In 1887, he changed the name Hakuaisha to the Japanese Red Cross Society and he took office as the first president.
Japanese: 1887年（明治20年）、博愛社を日本赤十字社と改称し、初代社長に就任する。
English: The Japanese Red Cross Society engaged in wartime relief activities in Japanese-Sino War in 1894 and the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.
Japanese: 1894年（明治27年）の日清戦争や、1900年（明治33年）の北清事変で日本赤十字社は、戦時救護活動を行う。
English: Tsunetami submitted a proposal to transfer the capital to Honjoshuku (a largest post-station town in Nakasen-do Road) located in the inland area of Kanto, but he gave it up as he could not obtain people's support.
Japanese: 常民は、明治時代に都を関東の内陸部に位置する本庄宿本庄宿に関する諸々の情報（中山道で最大の宿場町）へ遷都する案を提出するも周囲の賛同を得られず、断念している。
English: Takachika Fukuoka (March 3, 1835 - March 7, 1919) was a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tosa Domain in the end of the Tokugawa period and a statesman in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 福岡孝悌（ふくおかたかちか、天保6年2月5日(旧暦)（1835年3月3日）-大正8年（1919年）3月7日）は、幕末期の土佐藩の家老、明治時代の政治家。
English: In 1854, he studied under Toyo YOSHIDA as his disciple with Shojiro GOTO, Taisuke ITAGAKI and others.
Japanese: 1854年、吉田東洋の門下生として後藤象二郎や板垣退助らと共に師事し、その薫陶をうけた。
English: In 1858, he was appointed as Daikansatsu (senior inspector) with Yoshida's return to the politics of the Tosa Domain and formed a group of young reformists named 'Shin Okozegumi' to reform the politics of the domain.
Japanese: 1858年、吉田の藩政復帰に伴なって大監察に登用され、後藤らと若手革新グループ「新おこぜ組」を結成して藩政改革に取り組む。
English: He oppressed the Tosaginno Party (Tosa Loyalist Party), which was an anti-mainstream faction, but the assignation of Yoshida brought about Fukuoka's downfall in 1862.
Japanese: 反主流派の土佐勤皇党を弾圧するなどしたが、1862年の吉田暗殺によって失脚する。
English: On the other hand, in alliance with Ryoma SAKAMOTO, the Kaientai (Japan's first modern corporation established by Ryoma SAKAMOTO) and the Rikuentai (military group organized by Shintaro NAKAOKA, he actively promoted the measures for the encouragement of new industry led by the former lord Toyonobu YAMAUCHI, through a clan-owned trading enterprise Kaiseikan.
Japanese: 他方で坂本龍馬や海援隊、陸援隊と提携するなど、元藩主山内豊信を中心に藩営商社・開成館を通じて殖産興業政策を推進した。
English: He advocated the Kogi Seitairon (political theory focused on the parliamentary system), of which the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was a central faction, as Tosa clan's public opinion and made Satsudo Meiyaku (the alliance between Satsuma and Tosa) in order to realize Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
Japanese: 江戸幕府を中心とする公議政体論を藩論とし、大政奉還の実現に向けて薩摩藩との間に薩土盟約を締結する。
English: In the same year, together with Goto, he persuaded the shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, to return power to the Emperor to counter the Satsuma and Choshu Domains which insisted to overthrow the bakufu with the use of military power.
Japanese: 同年、後藤とともに将軍徳川慶喜に大政奉還を勧告し、武力討幕派の薩摩藩や長州藩に対抗した。
English: As one of the Tosa clique, he successively assumed the important central governmental posts such as Shiho-taifu (post of Ministry of Justice), Ganroin gikan (councilor of Chamber of Elders), Monbukyo (chief of Minister of Education), Sangi (councilor), privy councilor, court councilor, and so on.
Japanese: 政府内では土佐閥の一人として、司法大輔や元老院議官、文部卿、参議、枢密顧問官、宮中顧問官などの要職を歴任する。
English: On November 23, 1872, when Fukuoka was Shiho-taifu, he submitted a petition to forbid the keeping of concubines by law together with Shinpei ETO who was Shihokyo (Justice Minister)
Japanese: 司法大輔時代の1872年11月23日、司法卿の江藤新平と共同で、法律で妾を持つことを禁止すべきとの建白書を提出する。
English: However, as keeping concubines was a long-lasting practice, their petition was simply ignored and never adopted.
Japanese: しかし、蓄妾は旧来の慣習であったため、建白はいつしか立ち消えとなって採用されることはなかった。
English: Tateki TANI (March 18, 1837 - May 13, 1911) was a feudal retainer of the Tosa clan, a military man and a statesman who lived from the end of Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 谷干城（たにたてき、天保8年2月12日(旧暦)（1837年3月18日）-明治44年（1911年）5月13日）は、幕末から明治にかけて活躍した、土佐藩士、軍人、政治家。
English: He was born in Kochi castle town in 1837 as the fourth child of Manshichi TANI, a feudal retainer of the Tosa clan.
Japanese: 天保8年（1837年）、高知城下に土佐藩士・谷万七（まんしち）の第4子として生まれた。
English: He got to know Hanbeta TAKECHI and became friends at this time, and he became committed to Sonno Joi Movement (the Movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
Japanese: このとき、武市半平太と知り合って友人となり、尊王攘夷運動に傾倒する。
English: However, it is said that when he inspected Nagasaki by the command of his domain in 1866, he met Shojiro GOTO and Ryoma SAKAMOTO there, and he realized that the expulsion of foreigners was impossible, so he gradually got into overthrowing the Shogunate.
Japanese: しかし慶応2年（1866年）、藩命で長崎を視察したとき、ここで後藤象二郎や坂本龍馬と交わって、攘夷の不可なるを悟り、次第に倒幕へ傾いていったといわれている。