nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Although Nagayasu did not make any major contributions subsequently, he solidified control of the domain, implemented benevolent rule and brought prosperity, with Terauchi-cho nicknamed 'Osaka of Yamato.'
Japanese: その後、長泰の表立った活躍はあまり見られないが、領内においては支配体制を固め、善政を敷き、特に領内における寺内町は「大和の大坂」と呼ばれ、大いなる賑わいを見せたという。
English: Due to the small size of the domain, however, financial conditions gradually declined; from the middle of the Edo period onward goyokin (the money the government charged temporarily on farmers and merchants) was imposed on the people of the domain for a number of times.
Japanese: しかし小領主のため、次第に財政が悪化して、江戸時代中期以降は領民に御用金を課すことも少なくなかった。
English: Hirano clan rule lasted for nine generations, but it was only three years that the clan had the official status of domain lord.
Japanese: 平野氏は9代にわたったが、実際に正式な藩主だった期間はわずか3年間であった。
English: Tatsuta Domain was a feudal domain that was located in Yamato Province (present-day Tatsuta, Ikaruga-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 竜田藩（たつたはん）は、大和国（現在の奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町竜田）に存在した藩。
English: As one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake, including Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA who were known to be valiant warriors under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Katsumoto KATAGIRI won recognition not only for his bravery in battle but also his political acumen.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の家臣で加藤清正や福島正則らと並んで賤ヶ岳七本槍の一人として数えられる片桐且元は、武勇だけでなく政治手腕にも秀でていた。
English: For this reason, he became a close confidante to Hideyoshi, despite the small size of his domain, which was roughly only 10,000 koku (an unit of assessed crop yields of the land [1 koku: about 180 liter], which was also used to express the size of the land) in Harima Province and others, compared to those of Kiyomasa and Masanori, and was granted the use of the Hashiba name and was appointed as a Karo (chief retainer) of Toyotomi clan and custodian of Hideyori TOYOTOMI after the death of Toshiie MAEDA.
Japanese: このことから、清正や正則らと違って所領は播磨国内などに1万石ほどしかなかったが、秀吉側近として重用され、羽柴姓を下賜された上、前田利家亡き後は豊臣氏の家老として豊臣秀頼の後見人を任されることとなった。
English: He is also believed to have played a role in the preservation of the Toyotomi clan after the clan's defeat in the Battle of Sekigahara, by keeping distance from Mitsunari ISHIDA and others in the West (Toyotomi) camp and negotiating secretly with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いにおいても豊臣氏が徳川家康によって取り潰されなかったのは、且元が石田三成ら西軍に対してある程度の距離を置き、家康と裏交渉していたからであるとも言われている。
English: In 1601 after the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu recognized the importance of Katsumoto in the Toyotomi camp and increased his domain in Tatsuta in Yamato Province by 18,000 koku to 28,000 koku.
Japanese: 家康は関ヶ原後の慶長6年（1601年）、且元の豊臣氏における存在を重要視し、大和国竜田に1万8000石を加増して2万8000石の大名として取り立てた。
English: He was fully responsible for performing various political functions, including Hideyori's trip to Kyoto in 1611.
Japanese: 慶長16年（1611年）の秀頼の上洛、その他の奉行関連の差配などは、全て且元によって執り行われた。
English: His efforts are believed to have contributed immensely to the preservation of the Toyotomi clan for 15 years after Sekigahara.
Japanese: 豊臣氏が関ヶ原後も15年間にわたって存続することができたのは且元の尽力によるところが大きい。
English: Although there are speculations today that Katsumoto provided intelligence to Ieyasu, he is believed to have been a faithful Toyotomi vassal that devoted himself to preserve Toyotomi clan, demonstrated by his diligent effort to avert warfare through frequent visits and talks with Ieyasu in Sunpu, over the Shomei issue of 1614.
Japanese: 現在では且元が家康の間諜を務めていたなどという説もあるが、且元は慶長19年（1614年）の鐘銘問題においても盛んに駿府の家康のもとに交渉に赴き、戦争回避などを努力していることから、彼はむしろ豊臣氏存続に心を砕いた忠臣だったと思われる。
English: However, the frequent talks with Ieyasu fanned suspicion in Yodo-dono (Lady Yodo) and Harunaga ONO who were unable to assess the truth of their state of affairs, resulting in Katsumoto being forced out of the Toyotomi camp.
Japanese: しかし度重なる家康との交渉が、現実が見えない淀殿や大野治長らの内通疑惑を招き、遂に且元は豊臣氏から退去するに至った。
English: Proven by the fact that Ieyasu waged the Siege of Osaka immediately after Katsumoto's departure from the Toyotomi camp, as if he had been waiting for this to happen, the Toyotomi had in fact brought destruction on itself by pulling out their last pillar of strength and hope.
Japanese: そして且元退去にあわせるように家康が大坂の陣を起こし、翌年には豊臣氏を滅ぼしたのを見てもわかるように、豊臣氏は且元という最後の柱石を自ら砕き、自爆してしまったのである。
English: Katsumoto received additional crop yield that made his territory 40,000 koku in total after the war, but died 20 days after the downfall of the Toyotomi.
Japanese: ちなみに且元は戦後、4万石に加増されたが、豊臣氏滅亡から20日後に死去している。
English: While some attribute his death to illness, others believe it was suicide for failing to live up to his pledge of loyalty to Hideyoshi (for pleading for the life of Hideyori in return for his support of Ieyasu's siege on Osaka Castle).
Japanese: これは病死とも、秀吉への恩義に応えられなかった（且元は、家康の大坂攻めに協力する見返りとして、秀頼の助命を嘆願していたらしい）ことを悔いての自殺説もある。
English: Takatoshi devoted great energy into building the foundation of domain rule but died at age 38 in September 1638.
Japanese: 孝利は藩政の基礎固めなどに専念したが、寛永15年（1638年）8月に38歳で死去してしまった。
English: Takatoshi did not have heirs, leading to temporary closure of the family heritage, but the family domain was restored with inheritance by Katsumoto's younger brother Tamemoto KATAGIRI, in honor of the great accomplishments of the late Katsumoto.
Japanese: 孝利には嗣子が無く、一時は断絶されかけたが、且元の功績を考慮して弟の片桐為元が家督を継ぐことで存続を許された。
English: Tamemoto died in June 1654 at age 44 and was succeeded by his son Tametsugu KATAGIRI.
Japanese: 承応3年（1654年）5月に44歳で為元は死去し、後を子の片桐為次が継いだ。
English: Still, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) attempted to preserve the Katagiri clan name to honor the domain founder Katsumoto's accomplishments at the Siege of Osaka by granting the status of kotai yoriai (landholding vassal with alternate attendance obligations) with 3,000 koku to Tametsugu's younger brother Katsuteru KATAGIRI.
Japanese: しかし幕府は藩祖・且元の大坂の陣における功績を考慮して、為次の弟にあたる片桐且昭を3000石の交代寄合として取り立てることで片桐氏の名跡を存続させようとした。
English: Hence, Sadanari KATAGIRI was adopted from Koizumi Domain, which was founded by Katsumoto's younger brother Sadataka KATAGIRI, but unfortunately became another heir dying young, passing away in February 1694 at the age of 17.
Japanese: このため、且元の弟・片桐貞隆から始まる小泉藩の一族・片桐貞就を養嗣子として迎えて後を継がせたが、この貞就も元禄7年（1694年）2月に17歳の若さで死去。
English: With no heirs in the Sadanari line, the Katagiri clan springing from Katsumoto was finally closed.
Japanese: 貞就も嗣子が無く、ここに且元系統の片桐氏は完全に断絶するに至ったのであった。
English: The Johei and Tengyo Wars' is the generic name given to the two wars that occurred almost at the same time during the mid-Heian period in Kanto and the Seto Inland Sea: TAIRA no Masakado's War and FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's War.
Japanese: 承平・天慶の乱（じょうへい・てんぎょうのらん）は平安時代中期に、ほぼ同時期に関東と瀬戸内海で起きた平将門の乱（たいらのまさかどのらん）と藤原純友の乱（ふじわらのすみとものらん）の総称である。
English: The wars were given this name because they occurred during the Johei (Japan) and Tengyo (Japan) eras.
Japanese: 一般に承平(日本)・天慶(日本)の両元号の期間に発生した事からこのように呼称されている。
English: Soon after, Masakado intervened in a tense dispute involving the Zuryo (the Provincial Governors) and the local Fugo-so (the upper class) who were at war with the Kokuga (the provincial government office); the intervention was considered to be an act of rebellion against the Imperial Court.
Japanese: やがて受領と地方富豪層の間の緊張関係の調停に積極介入するようになり、そのこじれから国衙と戦となって、結果的に朝廷への叛乱とみなされるに至った。
English: Masakado then conquered Kanto and tried to establish an independent state, calling himself Shinno (New Emperor), but, only two months later, he was attacked and killed by an army headed by TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Hidesato.
Japanese: 将門は関東を制圧して新皇と自称し関東に独立勢力圏を打ち立てようとするが、平貞盛、藤原秀郷ら追討軍の攻撃を受けて、新皇僭称後わずか2ヶ月で滅ぼされた。
English: In the Seto Inland Sea, FUJIWARA no Sumitomo, who was responsible for combatting pirates, together with others who had been commissioned for the same purpose, set up an independent armed force against the Zuryo (provincial governors) of Kyoto.
Japanese: 瀬戸内海では、海賊鎮圧の任に当たっていた藤原純友が、同じ目的で地方任官していた者たちと独自の武装勢力を形成して京から赴任する受領たちと対立。
English: Sumitomo made several attacks as a conditional strike for merits against the Imperial Court in several places in Saigoku (the western part of Japan), but he was defeated and killed by the Imperial army which was able to concentrate its military power in Saigoku after putting an end to the war against TAIRA no Masakado.
Japanese: 西国各地を襲撃して朝廷に勲功評価の条件闘争を仕掛け、これを脅かしたが、平将門の乱を収拾して西国に軍事力を集中させた朝廷軍の追討を受けて滅ぼされた。
English: The wars are commonly referred to as "The Johei and Tengyo Wars" since they occurred during the Johei (Japan) and Tengyo (Japan) eras, but, at the time, the actions of Masakado and Sumitomo were seen by the Imperial Court as mere private warfare, private conflicts between local ruling families.
Japanese: なお、この反乱は一般に承平(日本)・天慶(日本)の両元号の期間に発生した事から「承平天慶の乱」と呼称されているが、承平年間における朝廷側の認識ではこの当時の将門・純友の行動は私戦（豪族同士の対立による私的な武力衝突）とその延長としか見られていない。
English: It was not until after 939, after Masakado and Sumitomo made a series of attacks against provincial governors, that their actions were recognized as acts of rebellion.
Japanese: 実際にこれが「反乱行為」と見なされるのは、天慶2年に将門・純友が相次いで起こした国司襲撃以後の事である。
English: It should be noted that the wars may be referred to as the "the Tengyo Wars", but they cannot simply be referred to as "the Johei Wars" as this may be a contradiction of historical fact.
Japanese: 従って、この乱を「天慶の乱」と呼ぶ事には問題はないものの、単に「承平の乱」と呼んだ場合には事実関係との齟齬を生む可能性がある事に留意する必要がある。
English: With the name TAIRA, Prince Takamochi, great-grandchild of Emperor Kanmu, was demoted from nobility to subject and took a position in Kanto as the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province because he could not foresee a future in the capital.
Japanese: 桓武天皇の曾孫・高望王は平氏を賜って臣籍に下り、都では将来への展望も無いため、上総国介となり関東に下った。
English: After that, Takamochi, who had fallen from aristocratic society in Kyoto, tried to restore his status by suppressing anti-Zuryo (provincial governors) movements, which were frequently being staged by tax collectors of the upper class in the province, and thereby highlighting his military prowess to the Imperial Court.
Japanese: つまり、京の貴族社会から脱落しかけていた状況を、当時多発していた田堵負名、つまり地方富豪層の反受領武装闘争の鎮圧の任に当たり、武功を朝廷に認定させることによって失地回復を図ったとも考えられている。
English: As Samurai, Takamochi's sons were placed in charge of security in Bando (old Kanto region) and acquired territories in various parts of northern Kanto, where they settled.
Japanese: 高望の子らは武芸の家の者（武士）として坂東の治安維持を期待され、関東北部各地に所領を持ち土着した。
English: However, at that time, the territories of the Samurai were acquired through annual contracts of undertaking management of a part of Kuden (field administered directly by a ruler) with the Kokuga (provincial government) and were therefore unstable, unlike in later years when the Samurai's status and rights were better established.
Japanese: ただし、この時代の発生期の武士の所領は、後世、身分地位の確立した武士の安定した権利を有する所領と異なり、毎年国衙との間で公田の一部を、経営請負の契約を結ぶ形で保持するという不安定な性格のものであった。
English: Under this system, the Samurai had to maintain their military strength with the same economic conditions as the ordinary upper class citizens, over whom they exercised their authority, and, like ordinary upper class citizens, they were often exploited by the Zuryo (provincial governor).
Japanese: つまり、彼らがにらみを効かせている一般の田堵負名富豪層と同じ経済基盤の上に自らの軍事力を維持しなければならず、また一般の富豪層と同様に受領の搾取に脅かされる側面も持っていた。
English: A child of Takamochi, TAIRA no Yoshimasa (or Yoshimochi) who had territories in Sakura Domain, Shimousa Province and whose son Masakado served the Imperial Court in Kyoto as a mid-ranking official, also became a follower of FUJIWARA no Tadahira of the Fujiwara sekkan-ke (the family of regents) in order to improve his standing as a government official.
Japanese: 高望の子のひとり平良将（良持とも）は下総国佐倉市に所領を持ち、その子の将門は京都に上って朝廷に中級官人として出仕し、同時に官人としての地位を有利にするために摂関家藤原忠平の従者ともなっていた。
English: Due to the early death of his father Yoshimasa, Masakado returned to his province to find that many of his father's territories had been usurped by his uncles TAIRA no Kunika and TAIRA no Yoshikane, so Masakado used Toyoda, Shimousa Province as a base for extending his power.
Japanese: 良将が早世したため将門が帰郷すると、父の所領の多くが伯父の平国香や叔父の平良兼に横領されてしまっていたといわれ、将門は下総国豊田を本拠にして勢力を培った。
English: Around the year 931, it is said that the relationship between Masakado and his uncle Yoshikane deteriorated over a woman.
Japanese: 延長(元号)9年（931年）ごろから将門は「女論」によって叔父・良兼と不和になったとされる。
English: The details of the dispute are not clear due to a missing part in the "Shomonki" (The Chronicle of Masakado), but the subject of the dispute is believed to be either the daughter of MINAMOTO no Mamoru, the former Daijo (an official of the Third Rank) of Hitachi Province or the daughter of Yoshikane.
Japanese: 「女論」の詳細は『将門記』に欠落があって不明だが、前常陸国大掾源護の娘、もしくは良兼の娘を巡る争いであったと考えられている。
English: There are two theories about the dispute: one theory is that Masakado wanted to marry one of MINAMOTO no Mamoru's daughters, but was denied; the other theory is that Masakado married the daughter of Yoshikane, but she had affairs with MINAMOTO no Mamoru's three sons (MINAMOTO no Tasuku, MINAMOTO no Takashi, and MINAMOTO no Shigeru).
Japanese: この源護の三人の娘の誰かを将門が妻に望んだが叶わなかったためという説、または、良兼の娘を将門が妻にし、その女を源護の三人の息子（源扶、源隆、源繁）が横恋慕したという説がある。
English: In February 935, the MINAMOTO brothers, Tasuku, Takashi, and Shigeru, camped in Nomoto, Hitachi Province in order to ambush Masakado, who was heading into battle.
Japanese: 承平(日本)5年（935年）2月、源扶、源隆、源繁の三兄弟は常陸国野本に陣をしいて将門を待ち伏せ、合戦となった。
English: Masakado defeated the three MINAMOTO brothers, who fled but were finally killed after Masakado invaded the residence of MINAMOTO no Mamoru in Makabe, Hitachi Province, and burnt down the neighboring villages.
Japanese: 将門は源三兄弟を討ち破り、逃げる扶らを追って源護の館のある常陸国真壁に攻め入り、周辺の村々を焼き払い、三兄弟を討ち取った。
English: Masakado also set fire to the residence of his uncle TAIRA no Kunika, in Ishida, Hitachi Province, killing him in the process.
Japanese: 更に将門は伯父の平国香の館の常陸国石田にも火をかけ、国香をも討ち取ってしまった。
English: Kunika's first son, TAIRA no Sadamori, who was serving in Kyoto as Samajo (Officer of the Third Rank of the Horse Office of the Left), returned to the province after his father's death.
Japanese: 国香の長子の平貞盛は京に上って出仕して左馬允になっていたが、父の死を知り帰郷する。
English: However, it is said that Sadamori preferred a promotion in government over revenge and a friendly relationship with Masakado.
Japanese: 貞盛は復讐よりも京で官人としての昇進を望み、将門との和睦を望んでいたとされる。
English: MINAMOTO no Mamoru, on the other hand, whose three sons had been killed by Masakado, developed a deep grudge against Masakado and appealed to his son-in-law TAIRA no Yoshimasa for support.
Japanese: 一方、三人の息子を将門に討たれた源護の恨みは深く、婿の平良正に訴えた。
English: Yoshimasa gathered soldiers at his base in Mimori, Hitachi Province, then departed for Masakado's base in Toyoda.
Japanese: 良正は本拠の常陸国水守で兵を集めて将門の本拠豊田へ向かってくり出した。
English: Yoshikane, who had been Kazusa no suke (Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province) at the time and persuaded Sadamori to support him, deployed a large force before joining his brother Yoshimasa and Sadamori in Mimori in June 935.
Japanese: 現任の上総介だった良兼は貞盛を説得して味方に引き入れ、承平6年（935年）6月大軍を動員して館を出発、水守で良正、貞盛と合流した。
English: At the border between Shimotsuke and Shimousa Provinces, the allied forces launched an attack on the first line of the Masakado army, but were met with unexpected force which led them to retreat, at which time they were rushed by the main unit of the army.
Japanese: 下野国と下総国の国境で連合軍は将門軍の先手に攻めかかるが、意外な抵抗にあい一旦退却しようとしたところに将門の本隊が到着して突撃してきた。
English: In September of that year, the Imperial Court summoned MINAMOTO no Mamoru, Masakado and TAIRA no Maki in response to Mamoru's appeal.
Japanese: 同年9月、源護の訴えにより朝廷からの召喚命令が護、将門、平真樹へ届いた。
English: The Imperial Court charged Masakado with a petty offendence and, in April of the following year (937), Masakado was pardoned and allowed to return to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan and particularly the Kanto region).
Japanese: 朝廷はこれを微罪とし、翌承平7年（937年）4月に恩赦が出され、将門は東国へ帰った。
English: In August of that same year, Yoshikane gathered an army again and rushed to Kokai no Watashi on the border of Shimousa and Hitachi Provinces.
Japanese: 同年8月、良兼はまたも軍を起こして、下総国と常陸国の境の子飼(小貝・蚕養(こかい))の渡しに押し寄せた。
English: Masakado's army retreated due to a loss of morale and, taking advantage of this opportunity, Yoshikane invaded Toyoda and set fire there.
Japanese: 将門軍は士気喪失して退却、勝ちに乗じた良兼軍は豊田に侵入して火を放った。
English: Yoshikane's army invaded Toyoda again, where they engaged in ruthless looting and rioting and captured Masakado's wife and children.
Japanese: 良兼軍は再度豊田に侵入して略奪狼藉の限りをつくし、将門の妻子も捕らえられてしまった。
English: In September, Yoshikane gathered his army again, but Masakado ambushed and defeated them.
Japanese: 9月、またも良兼は兵を繰り出したが、将門はこれを迎撃して打ち勝った。
English: In December of that year, after Masakado complained to his former lord, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, about the violence caused by Yoshikane, the Imperial Court issued official documents from Dajokan, the Great Council of State, to find and capture Yoshikane and his army.
Japanese: 将門は元主人の藤原忠平に良兼の暴状を訴え、同年12月、朝廷から良兼らの追捕の官符が発せられた。
English: Led by a betrayer of Masakado, Yoshikane attacked Ishii at night but retreated by Masakados' struggle.
Japanese: 良兼は内通者から情報を得て、石井の館に夜襲をしかけるが将門軍は奮闘し撃退される。
English: After being defeated, Yoshikane lost his strength and died with much regret in June 939.
Japanese: この敗戦の後、良兼の勢力は衰え、天慶2年（939年）6月良兼は失意のうちに病没した。
English: Having no idea what to do with hiimself, TAIRA no Sadamori left for Kyoto via Tosando Road in Feburary 938, but was chased by Masakado with his 100 horsemen who feared action from the Imperial Court; Sadamori escaped following a battle at Shinano-gawa River in Shinano Province, although many of his men were killed.
Japanese: 承平8年（938年）2月、身の置き所のなくなった平貞盛は東山道をへて京へ上ろうと出立するが、朝廷に告訴されることを恐れた将門は100騎を率いてこれを追撃、信濃国信濃川で追いついて合戦となり、貞盛側の多くが討たれるも、貞盛は身ひとつで逃亡に成功。
English: In June, Sadamori returned to Togoku and handed over the summons to FUJIWARA no Korechika, Assistant Governor of Hitachi Provence, who then sent the summons to Masakado; but Masakado did not answer the call.
Japanese: 6月、貞盛は東国へ帰国すると常陸介藤原維幾に召喚状を渡し、維幾は召喚状を将門に送るが、将門はこれに応じなかった。
English: Sadamori tried to escape to Mutsu Province, but was chased by Masakado and forced to continue wandering in Togoku.
Japanese: 貞盛は陸奥国へ逃れようとするが、将門側に追いまわされ、以後、東国を流浪することを余儀なくされる。
English: In February 939, Prince Okiyo and MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto (an ancestor of the Seiwa-Genji), who had been recently appointed as Zuryo (Provincial Governor) and Suke (Assistant Provincial Governor) of Musashi Province respectively, were involved in a conflict with MUSASHI no Takeshiba, the Gunji (Local Magistrate) of Adachi County.
Japanese: 天慶2年（939年）2月、武蔵国へ新たに赴任した受領、興世王と介源経基（清和源氏の祖）が、足立郡の郡司武蔵武芝との紛争に陥った。
English: Masakado began mediation efforts and succeeded in reconcilation between Prince Okiyo and MUSASHI no Takeshiba, but Takeshiba and his army unexpectedly laid siege on Tsunemoto's camp, catching Tsunemoto by surprise and causing him to flee.
Japanese: 将門が両者の調停仲介に乗り出し、興世王と武蔵武芝を会見させて和解させたが、どういう経緯か不明だが、武芝の兵がにわかに経基の陣営を包囲し、驚いた経基は逃げ出してしまった。
English: The Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister of the state), who was also Masakado's employer, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, wanted to investigate the situation, so he issued a migyosho (a document of the Shogunate order) and dispatched an envoy to Togoku.
Japanese: 将門の主人の太政大臣藤原忠平が事の実否を調べることにし、御教書を下して使者を東国へ送った。
English: Masakado, who was surprised to receive the migyosho, agreed to create and send an official document to Kyoto, which was certified by the Kokufu (Ancient Provincial Office) of five provinces in Kanto.
Japanese: 驚いた将門は上書を認め、同年5月、関東5カ国の国府の証明書をそえて送った。
English: Thereafter, the Imperial Court eliminated any suspicion against Masakado and the others, while Tsunemoto was punished for the crime of false accusation.
Japanese: これにより朝廷は将門らへの疑いを解き、逆に経基は誣告の罪で罰せられた。
English: Considering Masakado's fame and personal charm, the Imperial Court decided to confer on him a court rank and appointed him as an official.
Japanese: 将門の関東での声望を知り、朝廷は将門を叙位任官して役立たせようと議している。
English: At that time, Prince Okiyo, who had become Musashi gon no kami (Provisional Governor of Musashi Province), was on bad terms with the Zuryo (Provincial Governor), KUDARA no Sadatsura; and so he left the place of his assignment and became a follower of Masakado.
Japanese: この頃、武蔵権守となった興世王は正式に受領として赴任してきた武蔵守百済貞連と不和になり、興世王は任地を離れて将門を頼るようになった。
English: Haruaki also opposed the Zuryo and was wanted by the Kokuga because of crimes he had committed such as evasion of land tax, acts of violence and stealing Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes).
Japanese: この玄明はやはり受領と対立して租税を納めず、乱暴をはたらき、更に官物を強奪して国衙から追捕令が出されていた。
English: Masakado was urged by FUJIWARA no Korechika to extradite Haruaki, but he ignored this request by giving him shelter instead.
Japanese: 常陸介藤原維幾は玄明の引渡しを将門に要求するが、将門は玄明を匿い応じなかった。
English: The conflict escalated and, in November of that year, Masakado led an army of 1,000 warriors into battle.
Japanese: 対立が高じて合戦になり、同年11月、将門は兵1000人を率いて出陣した。
English: Korechika intercepted Masakado, but his army of 3,000 soldiers was defeated by Masakado's and he fled to Kokufu.
Japanese: 維幾は3000の兵を動員して迎え撃ったが、将門に撃破され、国府に逃げ帰った。
English: The conflicts that Masakado had in the past were 'internal family conflicts', but now he was becoming a threat to the Imperial Court against his will.
Japanese: 将門のこれまでの戦いは、あくまで一族との「私闘」であったが、この事件により不本意ながらも朝廷に対して反旗を翻すかたちになってしまう。
English: In December of that year, with advice from Prince Okiyo, Masakado advanced his army and occupied the provincial offices of Shimotsuke and Kouzuke, where he conducted unilateral jimoku (appointment ceremonies) and appointed Kokushis (provincial governors) for each province of Kanto.
Japanese: 興世王の進言に従い将門は軍を進め、同年12月、下野国、上野国の国府を占領、独自に除目を行い関東諸国の国司を任命した。
English: The Kokushi of each province, headed by the Zuryos, were intimidated by Masakado's power and fled, leaving Masakado with control of the whole Kanto region including Musashi Province and Sagami Province.
Japanese: 将門の勢いに恐れをなした諸国の受領を筆頭とする国司らは皆逃げ出し、武蔵国、相模国などの国々も従え、関東全域を手中に収めた。
English: In September 826, the three provinces of Kazusa, Hitachi, and Kouzuke became Shinno-ningoku (provinces where the government posts were reserved as sinecures of imperial princes), where the imperial princes who governed were regarded as Taishu (Imperial Court appointed Governor-Generals, Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), however, the Taishu stayed in the capital and did not go to the provinces, so suke (governors) were dispatched to these provinces in place of kami (directors) to act for the Taishu.
Japanese: なお、天長3年(826年)9月、上総・常陸・上野の三か国は親王が太守（正四位下相当の勅任の官）として治める親王任国となったが、この当時は既に太守は都にいて赴任せず、代理に介が長官として派遣されていた。
English: It goes without saying that the 'Bando Kingdom' (the kingdom of an old Kanto region) was not required to follow the customs of the Imperial Court, so a Hitachi no kami and a Kazusa no kami should have been appointed, but, for some inexplicable reason, a suke was assigned to these provinces instead.
Japanese: 当然ながら「坂東王国」であるなら朝廷の慣習を踏襲する必要は全く無く、常陸守や上総守を任命すべきであるが、何故か介を任命している。
English: It is not clear as to whether the Hitachi no suke, and the Kazusa no suke were under the customary control of the director general of these provinces, whether they were under the direct control of the New Emperor, or whether Masakado did not go aganst the system of the Imperial Court as described in the "Shomonki (The Chronicle of Masakado).
Japanese: ここでの常陸、上総の介は慣習上の長官という意味か、新皇直轄という意味か、将門記の記載のとおり朝廷には二心がなかったという意味なのかは不明である。
English: However, he was inconsistent, as he assigned a suke in Kouzuke Province, rather than a kami.
Japanese: その一方で上野については介ではなく守を任命しており、統一されていない。
English: The Imperial Court was shocked when news of Masakado's rebellion reached Kyoto and, at the same time, there were also reports of FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's War in Saigoku (the western part of Japan).
Japanese: 将門謀反の報はただちに京にもたらされ、また同時期に西国で藤原純友の乱の報告もあり、朝廷は驚愕した。
English: An immediate order was given to temples and shrines to pray for the subjugation of the rebellion and, on January 9, 940, MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, who had been the one to secretly inform the Imperial Court of Masakado's rebellion, was bestowed the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 直ちに諸社諸寺に調伏の祈祷が命じられ、翌天慶3年（940年）1月9日には先に将門謀反の密告をした源経基が賞されて従五位下に叙された。
English: On January 19, Sangi (Councillor) FUJIWARA no Tadafumi, who was assigned as Seito Taishogun (Great General who Subdues the Eastern Barbarians), left Kyoto with his army to hunt and kill.
Japanese: 1月19日には参議藤原忠文が征東大将軍に任じられ、追討軍が京を出立した。
English: In mid-January of that year, Masakado departed for Hitachi Province with 500 soldiers, in search of TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Tamenori, the son of Korechika.
Japanese: 同年1月中旬、関東では、将門が兵5000を率いて常陸国へ出陣して、平貞盛と維幾の子藤原為憲の行方を捜索している。