nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Furthermore, housing land development had come to be promoted actively before and after World War II, in the other areas outside the Hanshin area such as the Keihan area along the Hankyu Kyoto Main Line (Hankyu Corporation) and the Keihan Main Line (Keihan Electric Railway Co., Ltd.), the Hanna area along the Kintetsu Nara Line, and Senshu and Minamikawachi areas along the Nankai Main Line and Nankai-Koya Line.
Japanese: また第二次世界大戦前後から阪神地域以外でも、阪急電鉄阪急京都本線や京阪電気鉄道京阪本線を中心とした京阪地域や、近鉄奈良線を中心とした阪奈地域、南海本線や南海高野線を中心とした泉州、南河内地域でも積極的に行われていくようになった。
English: In Keihanshin in particular, private railroad companies laid down many lines, and development of the areas along the railroads were promoted mainly by the railroad companies.
Japanese: とりわけ京阪神では私鉄が多くの路線を敷設して、鉄道会社が中心となって、沿線開発が進んでいった。
English: In the period from the end of the Showa era to the beginning of the Heisei era, the trend of expanding commutable areas to their widest limit became prominent.
Japanese: 昭和末期から平成期に入る頃になると、通勤圏が遠方ギリギリにまで拡大する傾向が目立っている。
English: The commutable area was expanded, for example, as far as Sasayama City in Hyogo Prefecture, Sonobe Town in Kyoto Prefecture (currently Nantan City), Oyodo Town in Nara Prefecture, Aoyama Town in Mie Prefecture (currently Iga City), Omihachiman City and Takashima City in Shiga Prefecture and Hashimoto City in Wakayama Prefecture.
Japanese: 例えば、兵庫県の篠山市や京都府の園部町（現・南丹市）、奈良県の大淀町、三重県の青山町（現・伊賀市）、滋賀県の近江八幡市や高島市、和歌山県の橋本市までも拡大した。
English: Furthermore, some new slangs also appeared, such as Hyogo-fumin (lit. a resident of Osaka Prefecture), Nara-Fumin, Shiga-Fumin, Mie-Fumin and Wakayama-Fumin.
Japanese: また、兵庫府民・奈良府民・滋賀府民・三重府民・和歌山府民という俗語も登場した。
English: The current Keihanshin corresponds to the Kinai region in the Gokishichido area of the ancient map, and ahead of other areas of Japan transportation system was developed since ancient times.
Japanese: 現在の京阪神は五畿七道では畿内に相当し、日本の中では他の地域に先駆けて古くから交通が発達していた。
English: The development of such traffic networks had a major effect on strengthening the character of Keihanshin as an integrated area by the construction of railroads and the maintenance of its roads in and after the Meiji era.
Japanese: こうした交通網の発達は、明治以降鉄道建設や道路整備により、京阪神を一体の地域としての性格を強めることに大きな影響を与えた。
English: However, because of the undulating landscape, and because Kyoto, as well as Osaka and Kobe, is its own city center in itself, the traffic networks do not extend out in a circular fashion like the Tokyo metropolitan area with the center in Tokyo, but instead, the traffic networks expand in a concentric fashion with the center in each city.
Japanese: ただし、起伏のある地形や京都・大阪・神戸それぞれが都市としての核であることから、首都圏のように東京を中心として環状に交通網が延びているわけではないが、それぞれの核都市を中心に同心円状に拡がっている。
English: Multiple railroad companies have laid lines in the three cities in Keihanshin, forming sections of railroad that would be competed over fiercely between JR and private railroad companies as well as among competing private companies, with respect to servicing and developing the areas along the railroads.
Japanese: 京阪神三都市間には複数の鉄道事業者が路線を敷設しており、サービスや沿線開発においてJRと私鉄、また私鉄同士による熾烈な競合区間となっている。
English: Hanshin Port is the name of the Super Central Port which integrates the main four ports.
Japanese: 主に四つある港湾をまとめたスーパー中枢港湾として阪神港という名称がある。
English: Kamakura, the central area of Kamakura City, is an urban town, in which MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 鎌倉（かまくら）は、現在の鎌倉市の中心部に当たり、源頼朝によって鎌倉幕府が置かれた都市である。
English: Kamakura, the site for the Kamakura bakufu from 1192 of the late twelve century to 1333 in the mid fourteenth century, held an important place in the politics of Japan.
Japanese: 12世紀末の1192年から14世紀半ばの1333年まで鎌倉幕府がおかれ、日本の政治に重要な位置を占めていた。
English: Because of Koto Hozon ho (the Ancient Capitals Preservation Law) imposing restraints towards uncontrolled land development, today's Kamakura retains its historical climate with many old shrines and temples, and historic sites
Japanese: 現在の鎌倉は、古都保存法によって乱開発が規制され、歴史的風土を残し、多くの古社寺や史跡が残る。
English: Kamakura flourished as a city of international tourism and culture partly because it was geographically close to Tokyo and because the municipal government promoted tourism.
Japanese: 東京に近く、市が観光振興に力を入れていることもあり、観光文化都市として繁栄している。
English: In recent times, Kamakura has become a place where cultured people such as writers and artists have lived and provided the setting for many dramas and novels.
Japanese: 近代に入ってからの鎌倉には鎌倉文士と呼ばれる作家、美術家などの文化人が住み、また数多くのドラマや小説などの舞台になってきた。
English: This page describes 'Kamakura' as a 'historical city' and 'city of international tourism and culture.'
Japanese: このページでは、「歴史都市」「観光文化都市」としての「鎌倉」について述べることとする。
English: The city of Kamakura is a natural fortress surrounded by mountains on its three sides--the east, north, and west--and faces Sagami gulf to the south.
Japanese: 鎌倉の市街地は東・北・西の三方を山で囲まれ、南は相模湾に面した天然の要害である。
English: To enter Kamakura from the east, north or west, people had to pass through narrow paths (Kiridoshi) named 'Kamakura Nanakuchi' (Kamakura's Seven Entrances), which had been dug through the mountain.
Japanese: 東・北・西のいずれから鎌倉に入るとしても「鎌倉七口」と呼ばれる、山を切り開いた狭い通路（切通し）を通らねばならなかった。
English: Yoritomo, the first Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, established his stronghold here largely because Kamakura was his fatherland and has these geographical features.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府初代将軍の頼朝がここを拠点としたのは、父祖ゆかりの土地であったこととともに、こうした地理的条件による部分が大きかったと思われる。
English: To the northwest of the city stands Mt. Genji (92 meters high), which then passes behind the Kamakura Great Buddha and reaches Inamuragasaki.
Japanese: 市街地の北西には源氏山（92メートル）があり、山並みは鎌倉大仏の裏手を通って稲村ヶ崎まで伸びている。
English: From the north to the east, Kamakura is surrounded by low mountains-- Mt. Rokkokuken (147 meters high), Mt. Ohira (159 meters high), Mt. Tendai (141 meters high), and Mt. Kinubari (120 meters high)--extending all the way to Iijimagasaki and Wagaejima that border with Zushi City.
Japanese: 市街地の北から東にかけては六国見山（147メートル）、大平山（159メートル）、天台山（141メートル）、衣張山（120メートル）などの低い山が連なり、逗子市との境に当たる飯島ヶ崎、和賀江島（わかえじま）方面へ伸びている。
English: Mountains surrounding the city are 100 to 150 meters high above the sea but are said to have many mountain paths with lots of ups and downs comparative to their relatively low sea level.
Japanese: 市街地周辺の山はいずれも標高100～150メートル程度だが、標高の低い割には急坂やアップダウンの激しい山道が多いとされる。
English: The city of Kamakura today faces the Sagami gulf to the south and constitutes a region that borders with Yokohama City to the north, Zushi City to the east, and Fujisawa City to the west.
Japanese: 現代の鎌倉市域は、南は相模湾に面し、北は横浜市、東は逗子市、西は藤沢市に隣接した区域である。
English: This area includes merged peripheral municipalities--Koshigoe-cho (merged in 1939), Fukazawa-mura Village (merged in 1948), and Ofuna-machi (merged in 1948).
Japanese: これは周辺の腰越町（1939年合併）、深沢村（1948年合併）、大船町（おおふなまち、1948年合併）が合併した後の市域である。
English: Kamakura in the Medieval Period had a much smaller region equivalent to the above mentioned area surrounded by mountains on three sides, the east, north, and west.
Japanese: 中世の鎌倉はこれよりずっと狭い地域で、前述の東・北・西の三方を山で囲まれた地域に相当する。
English: In addition, a larger area that includes the southwestern part of Yokohama City and a part of Fujisawa City was called Kamakura-gun County (abolished in 1948).
Japanese: なお、さらに広く現在の横浜市南西部や藤沢市の一部を含めた地域は鎌倉郡と呼ばれた（1948年消滅）。
English: Today's main road system of Kamakura (old Kamakura area) largely retains traces of the 'Oji' built on the basis of city planning from the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 現在の鎌倉市街地（「旧鎌倉」地域）の主要道路網は、鎌倉時代の都市計画に基づく「大路」の名残をかなりとどめている。
English: In other words, a typical example of city planning is the Wakamiya-oji Street extending from Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine to Yuigahama as the central line of the city.
Japanese: 即ち、鶴岡八幡宮から由比ガ浜に向かう都市計画上の中心線としての若宮大路がその代表といえる。
English: In addition, streets running parallel in the east -- Komachi-oji street (today also known as Tsujiseppo dori (Preaching Street) and the Miura-do Street, etc)--and the IMAOJI (today also known as Imakoji) running west constituted the major north-to-south Oji.
Japanese: このほか、東側を並行する小町大路（現在の通称：辻説法通り、三浦道等）、同じく西側の今大路（同：今小路）が、南北線の基幹大路を成していた。
English: Furthermore, the major east-to-west Oji included, from the north (mountain side), the Yokooji running in front of San no Torii, the Omachi-oji (today also known as the Yuigahama-dori Street, the Omachi-dori Street, and the Nagoe-do Street, etc) passing through Geba Yotsukado.
Japanese: さらに東西線の基幹大路としては、北側(山側)から順に、三の鳥居前の横大路、下馬四つ角を通る大町大路（同：由比が浜通り、大町通り、名越道等があった。
English: Further to the south (coast side) the Kuruma oji (today also known as the Biwa-koji Street and the Honkoji ura tsuji (backstreet of Honko-ji Temple), etc) ran and crossed the Wakamiya-oji Street in front of the remain of Otorii (a large gateway to a Shinto shrine) (former Ichi no Torii).
Japanese: さらにその南側(海側)には浜の大鳥居跡(旧一の鳥居）前で若宮大路と交差する車大路（同：琵琶小路、本興寺裏辻子等）があった。
English: Therefore the six oji--three north-to-south oji streets and three east-to-west oji streets formed a grid, although largely distorted.
Japanese: このため、かなり歪んだ形ではあるが、南北3本・東西3本の六大路により碁盤の目状の道路網が形成されていた。
English: (The street runs from an area near Rokujizo, passes in front of Kamakura City DAIICHI Elementary School, through the remains of Otorii, and in front of Kamakura Jogakuin Junior and Senior High School, crosses Enma-bashi Bridge, and then ends 100 meter ahead.)
Japanese: (六地蔵近くから鎌倉第一小学校前・浜の大鳥居跡・鎌倉女学院前を通り、閻魔橋を渡った約100メートル先で中絶)
English: The discontinuation of the street was due to the construction work of the Yokosuka Line in modern times but there remains a narrow crossroad extending again east from the pedestrian bridge between Iomachi-bashi Bridge of the "Komachi-oji street" and the crossing of the Miura-do Street with the Yokosuka Line and running toward Nagoe.
Japanese: 後世の横須賀線工事によるものであるが、「小町大路」の魚町橋と横須賀線三浦道踏切の間にある横断歩道から、再び東方向に名越方面に抜ける細い辻子が残っている。
English: And the neighborhood (ranging from Omachi south of Iomachi-bashi Bridge to the area around Motohachiman of Zaimokuza through the railway crossing) was once named 'Tsujimachi.'
Japanese: なお、この辺りの古町名を「辻町」という（大町のうち魚町橋以南から、踏切を越えて材木座のうち元八幡辺りまで）。
English: This is because this area has a tsuji (crossing) between the 'Komachi-oji street' and the 'Kuruma oji.'
Japanese: かつてここが、「小町大路」と「車大路」の辻に当たっていたためである。
English: Also it should be kept in mind that some names of the arterial streets mentioned above are mixed with other commonly known street names.
Japanese: なお、上記の基幹大路の名と現在通称されている道路名とには紛らわしいものがあるので、注意を要する。
English: Keeping the old street names unchanged as a 'street name' cultural asset is considered that should be done.
Japanese: 文化的遺産としての「道路名」は、極力、往古の名称を残していくべきものと考える。
English: The Komachi-oji Street extending from Sujikae-bashi Bridge and Zaimokuza is a historic street that was once lined with mansions of high ranking officials of the bakufu and gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
Japanese: 小町大路は筋替橋から材木座までの由緒ある大路で、その両側には幕府高官・御家人の屋敷が並んでいた。
English: It is thus believed that Nichiren shonin (the Venerable Nichiren) carried out the so-called 'street preaching' everywhere in this Oji.
Japanese: このため、日蓮上人の所謂「辻説法」も、この大路の彼方此方で行われたものと考えられる。
English: In today's Oji, there stand two memorial stones at the sites where street preaching occurred (in front of the gate of Honko-ji Temple at Omachi and 2-chome Ono).
Japanese: 今も大路の2箇所に辻説法跡の記念碑（大町の本興寺門前、及び小町2丁目）が建てられている。
English: On the other hand, Komachi-dori is a relatively newly named street with souvenir stores for tourists that run from Kamakura ekimae to Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine.
Japanese: 一方、小町通りは、鎌倉駅前から鶴岡八幡宮までの比較的新しく名付けられた観光土産屋通りである。
English: In addition, the street running before DAIICHI Elementary School is now incorrectly called 'Biwa-koji Street' but, in fact, used to be a part of the 'Kuruma oji.'
Japanese: また、現在、「琵琶小路」と誤って呼ばれている第一小の前の道は、かつての「車大路」の一部である。
English: A segment of the Wakamiya-oji Street from the Shimouma crossing to the Kuruma oji crossing is said to have been named Biwa-koji Street because it was once curved like a biwa (Japanese lute).
Japanese: なお、往古は、若宮大路のうち下馬四つ角から車大路四つ角の間の区間が琵琶状に歪曲していたことから、琵琶小路と呼ばれていたとされる。
English: Kamakura contains remains from the Jomon and Yayoi periods and shrines and temples--Sugimoto-dera Temple, Hase-dera Temple, and Amanawashinmei-sha Shrine--reported to have been established in the Nara period.
Japanese: 鎌倉には縄文・弥生時代の遺跡もあり、杉本寺、長谷寺、甘縄神明社のように創建を奈良時代と伝える社寺も存在する。
English: Kamakura was also described in "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), suggesting that the ancient Tokaido ran from the Miura Peninsula and led to the Boso Peninsula.
Japanese: また万葉集にも登場し、三浦半島から房総半島へ抜ける古代の東海道が通っていたらしい。
English: Not much is known as to what went on during the time between the Nara period through the mid Heian period due to the lack of abundant historical evidence.
Japanese: 奈良時代から平安時代中期にかけての鎌倉の実情については、史料が乏しく、あまり明確ではない。
English: In 1063, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi called on a deity of Tsuboi Hachiman-gu Shrine of Tsuboi, Ishikawa Country, Kawachi Province--ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) for Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan)--to make a branch shrine at Yuigo Tsurugaoka (Zaimokuza, Kamakura City) as 'Tsurugaoka-wakamiya Shrine.'
Japanese: 康平6年（1063年）源頼義は由比郷鶴岡（鎌倉市材木座）に「鶴岡若宮」として、河内源氏の氏神である河内国石川郡壷井の壷井八幡宮を勧請した。
English: The following year MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi defeated Sadato ABE in Mutsu and the Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' War) came to an end.
Japanese: この年は、源頼義が陸奥の安倍貞任を討ち、前九年の役が終結した翌年である。
English: After the war, he thanked Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine in the suburb of Kyoto for the victory and called on its deity to found Tsuboi Hachiman-gu Shrine at Tsuboi, Kawachi Province, the foothold of the clan.
Japanese: そして、戦いの後、京都郊外の石清水八幡宮に勝利を感謝し、本拠地の河内国壷井に壷井八幡宮を勧請した。
English: More than a century later, in 1180, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo entered Kamakura.
Japanese: 源頼朝が鎌倉入りしたのは、それから1世紀以上経た治承4年（1180年）のことである。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, was defeated in a battle with TAIRA no Kiyomori in the Heiji War (in 1159) and killed in Owari Province while he was running away to Kanto region.
Japanese: 頼朝の父・源義朝は、平治の乱（平治元年/1159年）で平清盛との戦いに敗れ、関東へ落ち延びる途中、尾張国で殺害された。
English: However, Ike no Zinnia, Kiyomori's mother-in-law, plead for his life, and he was exiled to Hiruga-kojima Island, Izu Province, chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) of the family of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: しかし清盛の継母にあたる池禅尼の助命嘆願で許され、摂津源氏の源頼政一族の知行国でもある伊豆国の蛭ヶ小島へ流された。
English: Twenty years later, in 1180, Yoritomo received Prince Mochihito's ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses, etc) given to the Minamoto clan all over the country through MINAMOTO no Nakatsuna, the former Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) and a legitimate son of Yorimasa, and raised an army in Izu, a place of exile, to defeat the Taira clan.
Japanese: それから20年後の治承4年（1180年）、以仁王が頼政の嫡子の「前伊豆守」源仲綱を通じて全国の源氏に発した令旨を奉じた頼朝は、流刑先の伊豆で平氏打倒の兵を挙げる。
English: Yoritomo's army was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama (Odawara City Kanagawa Prefecture) and once retreated to Awa Province (the south of Chiba Prefecture).
Japanese: 頼朝の軍は石橋山の戦い（神奈川県小田原市）では敗北して、いったん安房国（千葉県南部）へ引き下がる。
English: However he arranged the army again and overwhelmed the army led by TAIRA no Koremori in the subsequent Battle of Fujigawa.
Japanese: しかしここで軍勢を整えて、続く富士川の戦いでは平維盛らの軍勢を圧倒する。
English: Yoritomo who had conquered the Kanto region, entered Kamakura, his ancestors' land and a natural fortress, and established his residence at Okura.
Japanese: 関東を平定した頼朝は父祖ゆかりの地であり、天然の要害である鎌倉に入り、大倉（大蔵）という場所に館を設ける。
English: In the same year, 1180, Yoritomo moved Hachimangu (Tsurugaoka-wakamiya Shrine, Yuiwakamiya Shrine) from Yuigo Tsurugaoka to Kobayashigo.
Japanese: 同じ治承4年（1180年）、頼朝は八幡宮（鶴岡若宮、由比若宮）を由比郷鶴岡から小林郷へ移す。
English: Kobayashigo is the address of today's Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine, which means that the shrine was moved along with the name of 'Tsurugaoka.'
Japanese: 小林郷は現在の鶴岡八幡宮の所在地であり、「鶴岡」は地名ごと移動してきたことになる。
English: Since then Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine has been the symbol of Kamakura and placed at the center of its city planning.
Japanese: 以後、鶴岡八幡宮は鎌倉の象徴となり、都市計画は八幡宮を中心に行われた。
English: In those days, embankment work was done with piled stones to build Wakamiya-oji Street over paddy fields.
Japanese: 当時、水田の中の道だった若宮大路は、石を積んで周囲の地面よりかさ上げする工事が行われた。
English: The pedestrian street now called Dankazura, one step higher than roadways running on its both sides, is a vestige from those days.
Japanese: 現在「段葛」（だんかずら）と呼ばれている、両脇の車道より一段高くなった歩道はその名残である。
English: Opinions on when the 'Kamakura period' or 'Kamakura bakufu' started are divided.
Japanese: 「鎌倉時代」あるいは「鎌倉幕府」の始まりをどこに置くかは、研究者によって見解が分かれている。
English: Another suggestion is that it started in 1185 when the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa allowed the establishment of Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) and Heike (the family of TAIRA no Kiyomori, a collateral line of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) of the Taira clan) fell in Dan no ura.
Japanese: 後白河法皇から守護地頭の設置を許可され、平家（平氏の中の伊勢平氏庶流の平清盛一族のこと）が壇ノ浦で滅亡した文治元年（1185年）とする。
English: There are few opinions other than the above as to what year the 'Kamakura Period' started.
Japanese: どの年を「鎌倉時代」の最初の年とするかについては、上に挙げた以外にも二、三の説がある。
English: After the third Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was killed by his nephew Kugyo (a son of Sanetomo's brother, the second Shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie), the Hojo clan held power.
Japanese: 3代将軍源実朝が甥（実朝の兄である2代将軍源頼家の子）の公暁に殺害されてからは、北条氏が実権を握ることになる。
English: In those days (the end of 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century) the central government (Insei (rule by the retired Emperor)) had not yet lost its power, creating a dual system of governments: the central government (Kyoto, the capital) and Kamakura government.
Japanese: この当時（12世紀末～13世紀初頭）は、京都の中央政府（院政）の力も衰えておらず、中央（都、首都）と鎌倉の二元的支配体制であった。
English: After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱（後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される）以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
English: The Hojo clan defeated its potential rivals one after another-the Hiki clan, Miura clan, and Wada clan.
Japanese: 北条氏は比企氏、三浦氏、和田氏など、ライバルとなるおそれのある一族を次々と滅ぼした。
English: Its regime remained stable enough despite the Genko (Mongol Invasions of Japan) incidents in and after the middle of the 13th century.
Japanese: 13世紀中頃以降は元冦という大事件があったものの、政治体制は一応安定していた。
English: In the latter half of the 13th century, Zen temples including Kencho-ji Temple and Engaku-ji Temple were founded and Kamakura Great Buddha was erected.
Japanese: 13世紀後半には建長寺、円覚寺をはじめとする禅寺が建てられ、鎌倉大仏が造立された。
English: In later years, Genko triggered tight financial conditions for the Bakufu, leaving Akuto (a villain in medieval times) such as tyranny unleashed by the Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family), Nagasaki clan, uncontrolled.
Japanese: その後、元寇をきっかけに幕府財政は逼迫し、内管領の長崎氏の専横などで、地方では悪党が活動する。
English: In 1333 Yoshisada NITTA, received an order from the Emperor, and took control of Kamakura.
Japanese: 元弘3年（1333年）、天皇の意を受けた新田義貞軍は鎌倉を陥落させた。
English: Under Kenmu Restoration, the Kamakura Shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established to control the Kanto region and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA, was dispatched by order of Imperial Prince Nariyoshi (also known as Narinaga).
Japanese: 建武の新政においては関東統治のため鎌倉将軍府が置かれ、足利尊氏の弟である足利直義が成良親王を奉じて派遣される。
English: In 1349 during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Motouji ASHIKAGA, Motouji's son, was sent to Kamakura to establish the Kamakura Government, as a regional office to control Togoku.
Japanese: 南北朝時代の貞和5年（正平(日本)4年、1349年）には、鎌倉へ尊氏の子の足利基氏が派遣され、東国支配のための出先機関として鎌倉府が設置される。
English: The fifth kubo, Nariuji ASHIKAGA competing with Muromachi bakufu ran away to Koga of the Province of Shimousa (Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture) in 1455 and, since then, became Kogakubo (descendants of one of the Ashikaga families that held the office of the Kanto district administrator).
Japanese: 康正元年（1455年）、5代公方の足利成氏は室町幕府側と対立し、下総国古河（茨城県古河市）に逃れて、以後「古河公方」となる。
English: In 1512 Soun HOJO established the Tamanawa-jo Castle in today's Ofuna, Kamakura City as a branch castle of the Odawara-jo Castle, but this area was no longer Kamakura territory during the medieval period.
Japanese: 永正9年（1512年）には北条早雲が現在の鎌倉市大船に小田原城の支城である玉縄城を築くが、ここはもはや中世の鎌倉の境域ではない。
English: Since the establishment of the military government in Edo in early-modern times, Kamakura did not appear on history's center stage, although the shrine building of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine was remodeled under the protection of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 近世には江戸に武家政権が成立し、鶴岡八幡宮は徳川家康・秀忠の保護を受け、社殿の修理が行われたが、もはや鎌倉が政治の表舞台になることはなかった。
English: The so-called denominate numbers used in 'Kamakura Jikkyo' (Kamakura's Ten Bridges), 'Kamakura-jussei' (ten water wells in Kamakura), and so forth are said to have been given as a series of sightseeing campaign.
Japanese: 「鎌倉十橋」「鎌倉十井（じっせい）」などのいわゆる「名数」は江戸時代の観光キャンペーンの一貫として名付けられたものという。
English: In and after the modern period, Kamakura began to flourish as an upmarket residential district, sightseeing spot, and beach resort of Tokyo's suburbs.
Japanese: 近代になると、鎌倉は東京近郊の高級住宅地および観光地、海水浴場として栄えるようになる。
English: In addition, many writers including Soseki NATSUME, Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA, Doppo KUNIKIDA, Yasunari KAWABATA, and Jiro OSARAGI lived in Kamakura or left many works featuring Kamakura.
Japanese: また、夏目漱石、芥川龍之介、国木田独歩、川端康成、大佛次郎をはじめ多くの文人が鎌倉に住み、あるいは鎌倉を舞台とした作品を残した。
English: Today's Kamakura has flourished as a city for international tourism that has many historic sites and cultural assets with pleasant natural environments, attracting many tourists.
Japanese: 現代の鎌倉は、多くの史跡・文化財と良好な自然環境を残した国際観光都市として栄え、多くの観光客を惹き付けている。
English: In 1063, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi belonging to Kawachi-Genji called on a deity of Tsuboi Hachiman-gu Shrine of Kawachi Province to make a branch shrine at Yuigo Tsurugaoka.
Japanese: 康平6年（1063年）河内源氏の源頼義は由比郷鶴岡に、河内国の壷井八幡宮を勧請。
English: In 1189 (or 1191), Yoritomo founded a memorial service for Eifuku-ji Temple ruins (extinct).
Japanese: 文治5年（1189年）頼朝、永福寺跡（ようふくじ、廃絶）造営を始める（1191年とも）。
English: In 1200 Yoritomo's wife, Masako HOJO, founded Jufuku-ji Temple for salvation of her husband.
Japanese: 正治2年（1200年）頼朝の妻北条政子、夫の菩提のため寿福寺を建てる。
English: In 1203 the Hiki clan, the maternal relative of the second shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie (his wife's family) was overthrown.
Japanese: 建仁3年（1203年）2代将軍源頼家の外戚（妻の実家）比企氏が滅ぼされる。
English: Since then the Shogun became a puppet and Masako HOJO (Yoritomo's wife) and her younger brother, Yoshitoki HOJO, held power.
Japanese: 以後、将軍は傀儡となり、北条政子（頼朝の妻）とその弟の北条義時が実権を握る。
English: In 1221 the Retired Emperor Gotoba with a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province (Jokyu War).
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗し、上皇は隠岐に配流される（承久の乱）。
English: In 1349 Takauji ASHIKAGA appointed his second son Motouji as Kamakura kubo.
Japanese: 貞和5年（正平4年、1349年）足利尊氏、次男基氏を鎌倉公方に任命。
English: From 1438 to 1439, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo, had a conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogun deputy for the Kanto region).
Japanese: 永享10-11年（1438-1439年）鎌倉公方足利持氏、関東管領の上杉憲実と対立。
English: In 1455 Kamakura kubo Shigeuji ASHIKAGA was attacked by Noritada IMAGAWA by order of Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and ran away to domain of Shimousa-Koga.
Japanese: 康正元年（1455年）鎌倉公方足利成氏は将軍足利義政の命を受けた今川範忠に攻められ、下総古河へ逃れる。
English: The sango is Kinpozan, the Kaiki is Munemasa and Morotoki HOJO, and the kaisan are Gottan Funei, Daikyu shonen (Shotai the kaisan), and Kokai NANSHU (Jun the kaisan).
Japanese: 山号は金宝山、開基は北条宗政・師時、開山は兀庵普寧（ごったんふねい）、大休正念（請待開山）、南洲宏海（準開山）。
English: The sango is Araizan, the Kaiki is unknown, and the kaisan is reportedly Chigaku Zenji (Dokai SODEN) but is not exactly known.
Japanese: 山号は新居山、開基は未詳、開山は智覚禅師（桑田道海）とも伝えるが未詳。
English: The kaisan is not clear: some suggest Kuge, a line of Doryu RANKEI, but temple history suggests Genno Zenji (Shinsho Kugai), a monk of the Soto sect of Zen Buddhism.
Japanese: 開山は蘭渓道隆の法系の空外（くうげ）とも言い、寺伝では曹洞宗の僧・源翁禅師（心昭空外）とするが定かでない。
English: It is believed that the water of a spring in its cave at the end of the precinct can multiply money washed in it.
Japanese: 境内奥の洞窟の湧き水でお金を洗うと数倍になって戻ってくるという信仰がある。