nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Although such shelters were built in various feudal domains, shelters built in urban area such as Edo and Osaka were exceptionally large in scale, because which should accommodate refugees evaded from other provinces.
Japanese: 地方の諸藩でも盛んに作られたが、地方から逃散した人々などが集まる江戸や大阪などの都市部では、特に大規模な収容施設となった。
English: Since the influx of such people from rural region into urban area was linked directly to rise in crime, these shelters were administered by the machi-bugyo (town magistrate) for the purpose of safety and security of the Edo city.
Japanese: 地方からの都市への流入者の増加は、犯罪の増加に直結することから、江戸市中では治安の維持を目的に町奉行所が管理していた。
English: The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter is about 3.14, and provided that we round off the second decimal place and regard the ratio as 3.2, the circumference of a circle whose diameter is 1 shaku becomes 3.2 shaku, and in ancient China, this 3.2 shaku was equalized with 4 ata.
Japanese: 円周率は約3.14であるが、これを3.2で近似すると、径1尺の円(数学)の円周は3.2尺となり、これを4咫とした。
English: 1 shaku in the Later Han Dynasty China was set at 23.04 centimeters (2 shaku), so it means the mirror of about 46 centimeter in diameter, and by now 4 circular mirrors of this size have been excavated in China.
Japanese: 後漢の尺は23.04センチメートルであるから、直径46cm前後の円鏡を指し、現在4枚の出土例がある。
English: Ata' is the nominalized word of the Japanese verb 'atsu,' which means 'measure with one's hand opened.'
Japanese: 「あた」は動詞「あつ（当）」を名詞化したもので、手を開いて測ることを意味する。
English: Concretely, ata is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the tip of the thumb when they are opened, and shaku was originally defined to have the same length.
Japanese: 具体的には手を開いたときの中指の先から親指の先までの長さを咫としており、これは尺の元々の定義と同じである。
English: In fact, the Chinese character 咫 (reads as ata) seen in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) was replaced with 尺 (reads as "shaku") in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), which is exemplified by Yata no kagami (八咫鏡) replaced with 八尺鏡.
Japanese: 実際、日本書紀では「咫」と書いているものを、古事記では「尺」の字で書いているもの（八尺鏡など）がある。
English: Yasakani no magatama (comma-shaped jewel) is written as 八尺瓊勾玉 in Chinese characters, and the second character 尺 was originally written as 'ata' (咫).
Japanese: 八尺瓊勾玉（やさかにのまがたま）も、「尺」の字が宛てられているが本来は「あた」である。
English: Jobosei was the city plan seen in cities that contained the Emperor's palace in countries such as China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan; furthermore, the Suzaku-oji Street was placed in the center of the city running from east to west.
Japanese: 条坊制（じょうぼうせい）とは、中国・朝鮮半島・日本の王城都市に見られる都市プランで、南北中央に朱雀大路を配した。
English: The Jobosei-type city was built in a symmetrical and square shape and streets were organized so that the Oji (jo) streets that ran south to north and the Oji (bo) streets that ran east to west were arranged in a grit pattern.
Japanese: 南北の大路（条）と東西の大路（坊）を碁盤の目状に組み合わせた左右対称で方形の都市プランである。
English: In the capital city, nine streets running east to west and nine streets running north to south were arranged in the grid pattern; moreover, the width of each street was set to be nine times that of a rut (242.4 centimeters).'
Japanese: 「城内には、南北と東西に9条ずつの街路を交差させ、幅は車のわだち（8尺）の9倍とする。」
English: The Imperial palace was placed at the center of the city, a shrine (Sobyo) for the worship of ancestral spirits was placed to the east of the palace, and a shrine (Shashoku) for the worship of the gods to protect the land was placed to west of the palace.'
Japanese: 「中央に天子の宮、その東に祖先の霊を祀り（宗廟）、西に土地の神を祀る（社稷）。」
English: It is thought that Jobosei was later introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan as the Shurai idea was spreading and Jobosei-type capitals were being developed in these countries.
Japanese: その後、朝鮮半島や日本などへ周礼思想とともに条坊制が伝わり、これらの地域でも条坊制の王城が営まれるようになったと考えられている。
English: Jobosei, as well as Fusui-setsu (feng shui theory) (Shijin-soo [an ideal topography for the four Taoist gods, with a river in the east, a broad avenue in the west, a basin in the south, and a hill in the north]), was a basic idea of constructing capitals in China, however, construction of cities based on Jobosei became unpopular with the beginning the Sung Dynasty period.
Japanese: 中国では、風水説（四神相応）と並び首都建設の基本であったが、宋(王朝)の時代に入ると条坊制に基づいた都はあまり作られなくなった。
English: The Jobosei-type cities in Japan includes capital cities such as Fujiwara-kyo (the Fujiwara Palace; the ancient capital of Fujiwara), Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara), Nagaoka-kyo (the ancient capital of Nagaoka), and Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), and Dazaifu, Taga-jo Castle and others which controlled a broad area.
Japanese: 日本における条坊制の都市には、都であった藤原京・平城京・長岡京・平安京、および、広い地方を統括した太宰府謎・矛盾・多賀城等がある。
English: However, walls were not constructed around the capital cities in Japan because invasion by other races was not considered a threat because Japan was an island (Dazaifu might have been built with walls), although a castle with outer bailey (a capital surrounded by walls) was seen in the continent where invasion by different races was feared.
Japanese: ただし、異民族の侵攻の恐れのある大陸においては、郭城（塀＝羅城をめぐらした城）であるが、島国である日本では城壁は作られず（大宰府には城壁があったとも考えられている)。
English: Only Rajo-mon Gates seen in Heijo-kyo and Heian-kyo, ancient capitals of Japan in current Nara and Kyoto, respectively, were located at the Suzaku-Oji Street to indicate the entrance to the capital cities.
Japanese: 平城京・平安京では都の入口を示す朱雀大路の門が羅城門と呼ばれるにとどまった。
English: The Kujo-ryu school refers to the descendants of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, especially, FUJIWARA no Morosuke and to the school of Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) handed down the FUJIWARA no Morosuke family.
Japanese: 九条流（くじょうりゅう）は、藤原北家の中でも藤原師輔の子孫を指す呼称及び同一族に伝えられた有職故実の流派を指す。
English: FUJIWARA no Morosuke was the second son of the Kanpaku (a chief adviser of the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadahira and promoted to Minister of the Right (a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods), however, he finished his life without being appointed to the Sessho (an assistant for either a child emperor or an empress) or Kanpaku due to the existence of his older brother FUJIWARA no Saneyori.
Japanese: 藤原師輔は関白藤原忠平の次男に生まれ、右大臣にまで昇進したものの兄藤原実頼の存在のために摂政関白になることなく終わった。
English: However, he wrote books called "Kujo nenchugyoji" (Kujo annual events) which explained necessities in the Imperial Court, as one of the powerful politicians for the sake of descendants.
Japanese: だが、有力政治家の一人として子孫のために『九条年中行事』という朝廷内の礼儀やしきたりを纏めた書物を残した。
English: Descendants of Morosuke were blessed with many girls; thus, the family line monopolized a post of Sessho Kanpaku by becoming maternal relatives of emperors from the period of the Emperor Reizei to the period of the Emperor Goreizei, covering eight long generations of the emperor.
Japanese: 師輔の子孫は女子に恵まれて冷泉天皇から後冷泉天皇までの実に8代にわたる天皇の外戚となって摂政関白の地位を独占した。
English: Especially, FUJIWARA no Michinaga and his son, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, controlled the court government for 70 years in tandem and built the regency at the height of its prosperity.
Japanese: 特に藤原道長・藤原頼通父子は前後70年にわたって宮廷政治を支配して摂関政治の全盛期を築た。
English: Their descendants were called the Mido-ryu school and succeeded a post of Sekkan (regents and advisers) and Toshi Choja (a head of the Fujiwara clan) for generations.
Japanese: その子孫は御堂流（みどうりゅう）と呼ばれて代々摂関と藤氏長者の地位を継承した。
English: It is said that they performed the court ceremony based on "Kujo nenchugyoji" and tried to put themselves in a superior position over other clans in the Imperial society which weighed heavily on its convention.
Japanese: その際に『九条年中行事』に基づいて宮廷儀式を遂行して、しきたりを重視する宮廷社会において他家に対して優位な立場に立つ事を図ったと言う。
English: The annexation of Korea refers to the Japanese annexation of the Korean Empire (which currently corresponds to the area of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea), based on the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty on August 22, 1910.
Japanese: 韓国併合（かんこくへいごう）は、1910年8月22日、日韓併合条約に基づいて日本が大韓帝国（今日の大韓民国と朝鮮民主主義人民共和国に相当する地域）を併合した事を指す。
English: It is also expressed in Chinese characters as 日韓併合 (Nikkan heigo), 朝鮮合併 (Chosen gappei), 日韓合邦 (Nikkan gappo), etc. (It is written 韓日併合 in South Korea, and 日韓併合 in China).
Japanese: 日韓併合（にっかんへいごう）、朝鮮合併（ちょうせんがっぺい）、日韓合邦（にっかんがっぽう）などの表記もある（韓国では韓日併合、中国では日韓併合と表記する）。
English: With this annexation of Korea, the Korean Empire ceased to exist, and the Korean Peninsula that was its territory was occupied by Japan.
Japanese: 韓国併合によって大韓帝国は消滅し、日本はその領土であった朝鮮半島を領有した。
English: Japan lost the effective control due to the end of the Second World War in 1945, and its rule of Korea officially ended upon signing the Instrument of Surrender in which they promised to follow the provisions in the Potsdam Declaration in good faith on September 2, 1945.
Japanese: 1945年の第二次世界大戦終戦に伴い実効支配を喪失し、1945年9月2日、ポツダム宣言の条項を誠実に履行することを約束した降伏文書調印によって、正式に日本による朝鮮支配は終了した。
English: Japan has adopted a stance that the annexation of Korea is "no longer valid" today, which implies the conclusion that the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty itself was legal.
Japanese: 日本側が韓国併合は現在において「もはや無効」であるという立場をとることで日韓併合条約の締結自体は合法であったという考えを内包している。
English: Contrary to that, both South and North Korea have maintained the stance that the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty and all the related treaties were illegal and invalid from the beginning, and the Japanese rule, extending back to its occupation of Korea, was totally illegal and invalid, because the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was illegally concluded.
Japanese: それに対して、韓国・北朝鮮とも日韓併合条約は違法に結ばれた条約であるから同・条約と関連する条約のすべてが当初から違法・無効であり、日本の朝鮮領有にさかのぼってその統治がすべて違法・無効であるという立場を崩していない。
English: South Korea and Japan, which resumed diplomatic relations in 1965, have not reached an agreement on this point.
Japanese: この点については65年に国交を回復した韓国と日本との間においても合意に達していない。
English: The annexation of Korea refers not only to the momentary fact that the Korean Empire disappeared and Korea became a Japanese territory, but also sometimes refers to the continuous fact that Korea had been occupied as a result of the annexation.
Japanese: 「韓国併合」というとき、大韓帝国が消滅し、朝鮮が日本の領土となった瞬間的事実だけではなく、併合の結果として朝鮮を領有した継続的事実を含意する場合もある。
English: Japan, which achieved rapid progress after the Meiji Restoration, believed the Korean Peninsula was geopolitically important, when it considered its national defense policy against foreign countries.
Japanese: 明治維新後、急速に発展を遂げた日本は対外的な国防政策を考えた場合に朝鮮半島が地政学的に大きな意味があると考えた。
English: This was because Japan thought if the Korean Peninsula, which had acted as an intermediary for exchanges between Japan and the continent since ancient times, together with Ryukyu, was possessed by an adversarial country, it would catch hold of a strategically fatal weakness of Japan.
Japanese: 古来より永きに渡って琉球と並んで日本と大陸との交流におけるパイプ役を果たしてきた朝鮮半島が敵対国家に渡ることは、日本にとって戦略的に致命的な弱点を握られることを意味していると考えたためである。
English: The Yi Dynasty Korea maintained a tributary system with the Qing Dynasty China as its center, and was closed off to the outside world at that time.
Japanese: 当時、李氏朝鮮は清朝中国を中心とした冊封体制を堅持し、鎖国状態にあった。
English: As the Japanese opening of the country to the world, and secession from the tributary system was a challenge to the Sinocentrist order that had assured East Asian international order for a long time, the Yi Dynasty Korea was critical of that decision.
Japanese: 日本の開国・冊封体制からの離脱は、長らく東アジア国際秩序を保証していた中華秩序への挑戦であり、李氏朝鮮はこれに批判的であった。
English: Japanese intellectual persons' proposal for modernization was regarded as having an invasive purpose, or used as a tool for political strife inside the Korean Dynasty.
Japanese: 日本の民間知識人による近代化の提言も、侵略的意図によるものと考えられるか朝鮮王朝内部における政争の具にしかならなかった。
English: However, West European powers and Japan did not accept the continued isolation of the Korean Peninsula, and Japan took advantage of Ganghwa Island incident to conclude the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with the Yi Dynasty Korea.
Japanese: しかし、西欧列強や日本は朝鮮半島の鎖国状態が続くことを許さず、日本は江華島事件を機に李氏朝鮮と日朝修好条規を締結した。
English: With this as a start, the Yi Dynasty Korea was forced to enter into unequal treaties with these powerful countries and to open up their country.
Japanese: それを皮切りに李氏朝鮮は列強諸国と不平等条約を結ばされて開国を強いられる。
English: However, it was difficult for the Korean dynasty and Korean intellectuals to understand the Japanese intention to force Korea to secede from the tributary system of the Qing dynasty, on the grounds that a tributary country, on which China had conferred sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) in the Sinocentrism order, was originally an "independent country."
Japanese: しかし、中華秩序において冊封を受けた朝貢国は元々「自主の邦」であるため、清朝の冊封体制から離脱させようという日本の意図は朝鮮王朝にとっても朝鮮の知識人にとって理解しがたいものであった。
English: It is often misunderstood, but a country under the tributary system, i.e. 'a tributary country,' does not directly imply 'a subject state/protected state.'
Japanese: 誤解されがちだが、冊封体制下の国、すなわち「朝貢国」とは即、「属国・保護国」を意味するものではない。
English: The degree to which tributary countries politically depended on China greatly varied, and in many cases, tributary trading was a principal duty in the system.
Japanese: 朝貢国が政治的に中国に従属している度合いはきわめて多様であり、多くの場合は朝貢貿易の側面が強かった。
English: However, when it was interpreted with the logic of modern West European international relationships, a difference in perception between Japan and Korea occurred.
Japanese: しかし、これが近代的な西欧的国際関係の論理に翻訳されたとき、日韓での認識の差が生じた。
English: Although there were requests for reform from within the Yi Dynasty Korea, such as the Gapsin Coup that occurred after the opening of the country, Daewongun and Empress Myeongseong wanted to maintain the traditional Yi Dynasty Korea.
Japanese: 開国後、甲申政変が起きるなど、李氏朝鮮の内部からも改革の要請は出ていたが、大院君、閔妃はあくまでも旧来の、李氏朝鮮王朝を守り通そうとしていた。
English: However, Qing did not change its view that Korea was its subject state under the tributary system.
Japanese: しかし、清国はあくまでも朝鮮は冊封体制下の属邦であるとの主張を変えなかった。
English: While tension arose between Japan and Qing, a peasant rebellion, the Donghak Peasant Revolution occurred, calling for the removal of the misrule and foreign invasion.
Japanese: 日本と清とが緊張するなか、悪政と外国による侵略を排除すると唱えた農民反乱・甲午農民戦争が起きた。
English: Both Japan and Qing dispatched troops to Korea on the pretext of suppression, and in 1894, the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
Japanese: 日本と清の両国とも、その鎮圧を名目に朝鮮に出兵し、1894年日清戦争が勃発した。
English: Japan, which won the Sino-Japanese War, succeeded in eliminating Qing's clout in Korea by concluding the Treaty of Shimonoseki that compelled Qing to acknowledge Yi Dynasty Korea as an independent country.
Japanese: 日清戦争で勝利した日本は、清国との間に下関条約を結んで李氏朝鮮が自主独立国であることを認めさせることで、朝鮮における清国の影響力を排除することに成功した。
English: However, the conservatives, including the Royal family, recovered their power, when they found Japan had surrendered to the Triple Intervention, and moved closer to Russia, which resulted in more intensified political strife (The assassination of Empress Myeongseong occurred during this period).
Japanese: しかし、日本が三国干渉に屈するのを見た王室をはじめとする保守派が勢力を回復してロシアに接近、政争が過激化した（閔妃暗殺も、この時期である）。
English: In 1896, the pro-Russia conservatives moved Gojong (Korean King) to the Russian Legation, and gained control of the government.
Japanese: 1896年に親露保守派が高宗_(朝鮮王)をロシア公使館に移して政権を奪取した。
English: Believing this posed the risk that the Yi Dynasty Korea might be regarded as a Russian protected state, Japan tried to clarify the fact of its independence by changing its name to the Korean Empire in order to maintain Japan's clout on Korea in 1897.
Japanese: これにより李氏朝鮮がロシアの保護国と見なされる危険性もあったと考え、日本は朝鮮への影響力を維持するため1897年に大韓帝国と国号を改めて独立の事実を明確にさせようとした。
English: After all, with a similar constitution, the Yi Dynasty Korea, in fact, ruled Korea after the establishment of the Korean Empire.
Japanese: 結局、大韓帝国成立後も実質的に李氏朝鮮王朝と同様の政体が朝鮮を支配することとなった。
English: The reformist groups, such as Shinpo-kai (pro-Japanese political organization in Korea) (later called, Isshin-kai) were oppressed (the Japanese government was sometimes even asked to oppress the reformists), and modernization did not progress.
Japanese: 進歩会（のちの一進会）などの改革派は弾圧され（改革派への弾圧を日本政府に依頼することすらあった）、開化は進まなかった。
English: Furthermore, a public opinion stating 'Japan should promote the reform by the annexation' emerged, because the political reform in the Korean Peninsula did not make much progress.
Japanese: また、遅々として進まない朝鮮半島の政治改革に「日本が併合してでも改革を推し進めるべきだ」とする世論が台頭した。
English: Taro KATSURA strongly moved ahead with this from the point of view that 'a new territory is required to be a powerful country comparable to Europe.'
Japanese: 桂太郎は「欧州に並ぶ強国になるには新たな領土が必要だ」という見地からこれを強力に推し進めた。
English: With this, the Japanese government wanting to incorporate Korea into its territory, and the Japanese public opinion came to be in agreement.
Japanese: これにより朝鮮の自国領土への編入を望む日本政府と、日本世論とは合致した。
English: Hirobumi ITO, Inspector General of Korea, and his group were opposed to it, because 'the annexation was too early.'
Japanese: 韓国統監であった伊藤博文と彼を中心とするグループは、「併合は時期尚早である」として反対した。
English: Firstly, in line with their policy on the rule of Korea, they were trying hard to take measures against the resistance forces and rebellions, believing that 'it was time to defuse potential resistance or independence forces beforehand.'
Japanese: 第一に朝鮮の統治政策に関して「将来、朝鮮で日本への抵抗・独立勢力になり得る芽を先に除去すべき時期である」と考えて抵抗勢力や反乱についての対策に腐心していたこと。
English: Particularly, they were conducting aggressive oppression, using measures such as burning down large parts of villages in the area where gihei (irregular armies that fought against Japanese invasions into Korea) actions were active (Mitsuo YOSHIDA, 2004134 Page).
Japanese: 特に義兵活動が盛んなところでは村の大部分を焼き払う等の方法を用いた強引な弾圧を推し進める（吉田光男_2004134頁）などしていたこと。
English: Secondly, they believed that 'it was time to make more efforts to nurture the domestic industries,' paying more attention to the Japanese domestic affairs.
Japanese: 第二に日本国内に目を向けて「国内産業の育成に力を入れるべき時期だ」と考えていたこと。
English: Thirdly, above all, they thought that "consent would not yet be obtained from the external international society."
Japanese: 第三になにより対外的に「まだ国際社会の同意を得られない」と考えていたこと。
English: Although the Korean Empire seceded from the tributary system, Russia, which obtained Manchuria, was obviously making southward expansion, taking advantage of the interest it had in the Korean peninsula.
Japanese: 大韓帝国は冊封体制から離脱したものの、満州を手に入れたロシアが朝鮮半島に持つ利権を手がかりに明確な南下政策を取りつつあった。
English: Japan concluded the Japan-Korea Protocol on February 23, 1904 immediately after the start of the war to eliminate restrictions in its military actions in the Korean Peninsula.
Japanese: 日本政府は開戦直後に朝鮮半島内における軍事行動の制約をなくすため、1904年2月23日に日韓議定書を締結した。
English: Furthermore, Shinpo-kai, which gave up on the independent reform by Yi Dynasty Korea, and wanted to pursue the annexation of Korea and Japan, generously cooperated with Japan in the Russo-Japanese War by dispatching as many as 50,000 men for railway construction works, etc.
Japanese: また、李氏朝鮮による独自の改革を諦め韓日合邦を目指そうとした進歩会は、鉄道敷設工事などに5万人ともいわれる大量の人員を派遣するなど、日露戦争において日本への協力を惜しまなかった。
English: In August, the first Japan-Korea Treaty was concluded, recommending Tanetaro MEGATA for the financial advisor, and Durham Stevens for the foreign affairs advisor.
Japanese: 8月には第一次日韓協約を締結し、財政顧問に目賀田種太郎、外交顧問にアメリカ人のドーハム・スティーブンスを推薦した。
English: It was an effort to secure its clout by adding the persons recommended by the Japanese government, and to restrict facilities offered to the other countries.
Japanese: 日本政府による推薦者を加えて影響力を確保し、他国への便宜供与を制約しようとの試みである。
English: At the same time, it increased its clout by buying back the customs rights that had been sold to Russia by Empress Myeongseong.
Japanese: 他方で閔妃によってロシアに売り払われた関税権を買い戻すなど、その影響力を増していった。
English: Meanwhile, Gojong tried to thoroughly eliminate Japan's clout, and conducted diplomacy with secret envoys, such as sending secret letters to Russia during the Russo-Japanese War.
Japanese: 一方、高宗は日本の影響力をあくまでも排除しようと試み、日露戦争中においてもロシアに密書を送るなどの密使外交を展開していった。
English: The Japanese government concluded the second Japan-Korea Treaty (called Eulsa Protectorate Treaty in south Korea) in November, 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War to eliminate Gojong's diplomacy by secret envoys and established the Korea Protection Agency in December to hold diplomatic authority under its control.
Japanese: この高宗の密使外交を排するために日本政府は日露戦争終結後の1905年11月に第二次日韓協約（韓国側では乙巳保護条約と呼ぶ）を締結し、12月には韓国統監府を設置して外交権をその支配下に置いた。
English: However, Gojong, who did not accept the conclusion of the Eulsa Treaty, dispatched secret envoys to the second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 in order to denounce the conclusion of the treaty as compulsive and invalid (so-called Hague Secret Envoy Incident).
Japanese: しかし第二次日韓協約の締結を認めない高宗は条約締結は強制であり無効であると訴えるため、1907年第2回万国平和会議に密使を派遣した（いわゆるハーグ密使事件）。
English: The Japanese heads of state, including ITO, who was the Inspector General of Korea, were enraged and forced Gojong out of office.
Japanese: これに対して韓国統監であった伊藤をはじめとした日本政府首脳は激昂し、高宗を強制的に排除した。
English: With Lee Wan-Yong's cooperation, Gojong was half-compelled to abdicate from the crown on July 20th, and Sunjong (Korean King) acceded to the throne of the second emperor of the Korean Empire.
Japanese: 李完用らの協力もあり、7月20日には半ば強制的に高宗は退位に追いこまれ、純宗_(朝鮮王)が第2代の大韓帝国皇帝として即位した。
English: On July 24th, they concluded the third Japan-Korea Treaty to grasp domestic administration authority, and disbanded the army of the Korean Empire on August 1st immediately after that.
Japanese: 7月24日には第三次日韓協約を結んで内政権を掌握し、直後の8月1日には大韓帝国の軍隊を解散させるにまで至った。
English: However, it was soon suppressed, because most of the soldiers bore old arms, and had not been well trained as solders.
Japanese: しかし、兵のほとんどが旧式の武装しか持たず、兵としての練度もなかったためにほどなく鎮圧された。
English: The policy on the annexation of Korea was decided at a cabinet meeting in July, 1909, but Hirobumi ITO, who resigned from the Korea Protection Agency, and came back to Japan, continued to resist the early annexation, believing the annexation should be conducted later in the future.
Japanese: 1909年7月に韓国併合の方針が閣議決定されたものの、韓国統監府を辞して帰国していた伊藤博文はあくまでも併合自体は将来的な課題として早期合併に抵抗を続けていた。
English: However, the Japanese public opinion grew in favor of the annexation, because an influential statesmen objecting to the early annexation disappeared due to the assassination of Hirobumi ITO by An Jung-geun on October 26th, and ITO, who was the first prime minister and one of the elder statesmen, was assassinated.
Japanese: しかし、10月26日に安重根によって伊藤博文が暗殺されたことにより早期併合に反対する有力な政治家がいなくなったこと、および初代首相であり元老のひとりでもあった伊藤を暗殺されたことによって日本の世論が併合に傾いていった。
English: Isshin-kai in Korea suddenly presented a report to the throne, "Statement calling for the annexation of Korea" on December 4, 1909, while preparations for the annexation of Korea were being made steadily.
Japanese: 韓国併合に向けて着々と準備が進む中、1909年12月4日、突然韓国の一進会より「韓日合邦を要求する声明書」の上奏文が提出された。
English: In Korea, citizens' speech meetings were held, the denouncement of Isshin-kai and an anti-Japanese trend rapidly increased, and Japanese newspaper reporters in Korea violently criticized Isshin-kai.
Japanese: 韓国国内では国民大演説会などが開かれ、一気に一進会糾弾と排日気勢が高まり、在韓日本人新聞記者団からも一進会は猛烈な批判を浴びせられた。
English: In the first place, the "Statement calling for the annexation of Korea" said Korea and Japan would establish one government anew on an equal basis to create a large empire, which was not acceptable at all to Japan in view of the circumstances of those days.
Japanese: そもそも「韓日合邦を要求する声明書」は韓国と日本が対等な立場で新たに一つの政府を作り、一つの大帝国を作るという、当時の現状から見ても日本にとっては到底受け入れられない提案であった。
English: Furthermore, as it needlessly lead to the calcification of Korean public opinions, the Korea Protection Agency prohibited meetings and public speeches.
Japanese: また、無闇に韓国の世論を硬化させる結果を招き、統監府からは集会、演説の禁止命令が下された。
English: In spite of several complications that occurred for one year after the decision of annexation of Korea at the cabinet meeting, Japan integrated the Korean Peninsula based on the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty on August 22, 1910, as decided in the cabinet.
Japanese: 韓国併合の閣議決定から1年、いろいろと紆余曲折はあったが、閣議決定どおり、1910年8月22日に日本は日韓併合条約により朝鮮半島を併合した。
English: With this, the Korean Empire ceased to exist, and the Korean Peninsula was held under Japanese rule until the end of the Second World War (the Greater East Asian War, the Pacific War).
Japanese: これにより、大韓帝国は消滅し、朝鮮半島は第二次世界大戦（大東亜戦争、太平洋戦争）の終結まで日本の統治下に置かれた。
English: The Korean Empire and Korea Protection Agency were discontinued, and instead, Chosen Sotoku-fu (Governor-General of Korea) was established to rule all of Korea.
Japanese: 大韓帝国政府と韓国統監府は廃止され、かわって全朝鮮を統治する朝鮮総督府が設置された。
English: Chosen Sotoku-fu made a survey based on the land survey project from 1910 to 1919, and determined the ownership of land.
Japanese: 朝鮮総督府は1910年-1919年に土地調査事業に基づき測量を行ない、土地の所有権を確定した。
English: The ownership of over 99% of the land declared on that occasion was approved, as declared by the landlords.
Japanese: この際に申告された土地の99%以上は地主の申告通りに所有権が認められた。