nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Once it was arranged for Tokuko to become Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's adopted child, in 1171 she then entered into the court to become Chugu (the second consort of an emperor) to Emperor Takakura, who was eleven years old, while Tokuko was seventeen years old.
Japanese: 徳子をいったん後白河法皇の猶子となして形式を整えたうえで、承安元年（1171年）、17歳の徳子は11歳の高倉天皇の元に入内して中宮となる。
English: In 1178 seven years after Tokuko made an Imperial consort's bridal entry into the court, she became pregnant at twenty four.
Japanese: 入内から7年後の治承2年（1178年）、24歳になった徳子は懐妊する。
English: Due to praying for an easy delivery of the baby, TAIRA no Yasuyori and FUJIWARA no Naritsune, who were sentenced to Kikaiga-shima Island after the Shishigatani Conspiracy occurred in 1177 were set free. (Only Shunkan was not set free and died on the Island.)
Japanese: この時の安産祈願で安元3年（1177年）の鹿ケ谷の陰謀事件で鬼界ヶ島へ流されていた平康頼と藤原成経が赦免されている（俊寛のみが許されず島で憂死した）。
English: Tokuko was six years older than Emperor Takakura and the relationship between them was not necessary favorable, the Emperor loved Aoi no Mae and he was heartbroken after she died, then the Prince favored Takafusa REIZEI's (Kiyomori's son in law) lover, Kogo.
Japanese: 徳子は高倉天皇より6歳も年上で、必ずしも仲睦まじくなく、天皇は葵の前を寵愛し、彼女が急死すると悲嘆にくれたが、その後は冷泉隆房（清盛の娘婿）の恋人であった小督を溺愛するようになった。
English: Kogo gave birth to a Princess (Imperial Princess Hanshi), but Kiyomori was furious and expelled Kogo to force her to become a nun.
Japanese: 小督は皇女（範子内親王）を産むが、清盛は怒って小督を尼にして追放させた。
English: This incident was written as a tragedy in "The Tale of Heike," but according to the anthology of waka poems by Takafusa REIZEI "Tsuyakotoba," Kogo was still seeing Takafusa although she was loved by the Emperor, it shows there was no strict morality within the Imperial Palace in those days.
Japanese: この一件は『平家物語』では悲劇とされるが、冷泉隆房の歌集『艶詞』によるともともと高倉の寵愛を受けていたはずであった小督がその後も隆房と密通を重ねており、当時の宮中の風紀の乱れの一例である。
English: It was a headache for Emperor Takakura that Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Kiyomori opposed each other, there was an incident where Kiyomori had complained about the issue of land succession for the Konoe family in November 1179, he carried out a coup and confined the Emperor (The coup of Jisho san nen).
Japanese: 後白河法皇と清盛との対立も高倉天皇を悩ませた、治承3年（1179年）11月、近衛家の所領継承問題に不満を持った清盛がクーデターを断行して法皇を幽閉してしまった（治承三年の政変）。
English: In February 1180 Kiyomori took political power, he made Emperor Takakura abdicate and allowed Imperial Prince Tokihito who was three years old to succeed to the throne (Emperor Antoku).
Japanese: 翌治承4年（1180年）2月、政権を掌握した清盛は高倉天皇を退位させて、3歳の言仁親王を即位させた（安徳天皇）。
English: Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's third Prince, Prince Mochihito was frustrated with the enthronement of Emperor Antoku, he raised an army with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa to overthrow the TAIRA clan in May of the same year.
Japanese: 安徳天皇の即位に不満を持ったのが後白河法皇の第三皇子以仁王で源頼政と結んで、同年5月に平家打倒の挙兵をした。
English: The Army raised by Prince Mochihito was not very organized and was suppressed in short time, although Prince Mochihito and Yorimasa died, the Prince's Highness' address called for other Minamoto clan and large temples and shrines, the battle continued to become The Battle of Jisho and Juei.
Japanese: この以仁王の挙兵は準備不足もあって短期間で鎮圧され、以仁王と頼政は敗死するが、以仁王が発した令旨に諸国の源氏や大寺社が呼応して、治承・寿永の乱に突入する。
English: Emperor Takakura, who was weak, got sick during this disturbance, he died in the New Year of 1181.
Japanese: この騒動の中で病弱だった高倉上皇は病になり、治承5年（1181年）正月に薨去する。
English: In "The Tale of Heike," it was said the Emperor died after he was heartbroken from Kogo no Tsubone, who was mentioned earlier.
Japanese: 『平家物語』では、先の小督局との一件で悲嘆して死去したとこになっている。
English: According to Gyokuyo (the Diary of Kanezane KUJO), the article on the thirteenth in the New Year of the same year, attempts were made to get Tokuko to enter Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's inner palace; Tokuko was strongly opposed to this, however, as she wished to become a nun.
Japanese: 『玉葉』同年正月13日の条によると、徳子を後白河法皇の後宮に入れようという策があり、清盛も承知したが、徳子がこれを強く拒み出家を願ったという。
English: In July 1183, the Taira clan, who lost the battle against MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, were forced to move out of the city, Tokuko escaped to the country with Emperor Antoku carrying the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）7月、源義仲に敗れた平家は京都からの撤退を余儀なくされ、徳子は安徳天皇とともに三種の神器を携えて都落ちした。
English: Once they escaped to Dazaifu in Kyushu, however they were refused permission to remain there by the local Samurai, Koreyoshi OGATA, after that, the Taira clan were forced to undergo a difficult life roaming the sea on a ship, TAIRA no Kiyotsune, who was a nephew of Tokuko, was devastated and drown himself.
Japanese: いったんは九州大宰府へ逃れるが在地の武士の緒方惟義に追われ、平家一門は苦しい船上での流浪を余儀なくされ、絶望した甥の平清経が入水自殺してしまう。
English: Soon after that the Taira clan took the political power back and built a tentative Imperial Palace in Yashima, in Sanuki Province, they went into Fukuhara, in Settsu Province.
Japanese: やがて、平家は勢力を盛り返して、讃岐国屋島に仮の内裏を置き、そして摂津国福原まで進出する。
English: However in February in 1184, they lost the Battle of Ichinotani against MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's younger brothers, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, they lost many members of the clan, and the older brother, TAIRA no Shigehira was caught by the MINAMOTO clan.
Japanese: だが、寿永3年（1184年）2月の一ノ谷の戦いで源頼朝の弟の源範頼・源義経に大敗を喫し、一門の多くを失い、兄の平重衡も捕らえられてしまった。
English: In March 1185 the Taira clan lost the Battle of Danno ura against Yoshitsune, Tokuko's mother, Niino ama, drowned herself together with Emperor Antoku and carried the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family with them to their deaths.
Japanese: そして、元暦2年/文治元年（1185年）3月、壇ノ浦の戦いで平家は義経に敗れ、母の二位尼は三種の神器を携え、安徳天皇とともに入水した。
English: Tokuko, as well, had no hope and tried to drown herself carrying an ink stone and stones, but she was caught by 渡辺昵, he used a rake to catch Tokuko's hair and her body was pulled out of the water, then she became a prisoner.
Japanese: 徳子も今はこれまでと硯と石を懐に入れて海に身を投げるが、渡辺昵に熊手で髪を引っかけて引き上げられ、捕虜となってしまった。
English: Since she was not a Samurai, she was not punished, she was sent to Yoshida in Higashiyama in Rakuhoku (the northern part of Kyoto).
Japanese: 武士ではないので罪に問われることはなく、洛北東山の麓の吉田の地に置かれた。
English: On May 1 in the same year, Tokuko shaved her head to enter into the priesthood having Priest Insai of Choraku-ji Temple as her Kaishi (Buddhist priest who gives out rules to people who enter into the priesthood), she was named 直如覚.
Japanese: 同年5月1日、徳子は長楽寺の印西上人を戒師に落飾して尼になり、直如覚と名乗った。
English: Tokuko's sister, Takafusa REIZEI's wife, and Nobutaka SHICHIJO's wife often visited to bring some food to help Tokuko.
Japanese: 徳子のもとには妹の冷泉隆房の妻と七条信隆の妻がしばしば訪ねて日々の糧を助けた。
English: Because she attracted a lot of attention in Yoshida, she moved to Jakkoin Temple in September of the same year, located deep in the mountains of Ohara, she built a hermit's cell and spent her days praying or holding memorial services for the deceased former Emperor and the Taira clan.
Japanese: 吉田の地も人目が多く、同年9月に徳子は大原山の奥の寂光院へ移って、庵を結び先帝と一門の菩提を弔う日々を過ごした。
English: There is the story of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa visiting Tokuko in Ohara Jakkoin Temple in Kanjo no Maki (volume) in the last series of the classic literature, "The Tale of the Heike," the story ends after Tokuko dies peacefully.
Japanese: 後白河法皇が大原寂光院の徳子を訪ねる灌頂の巻は古典文学『平家物語』の終巻で、徳子の極楽往生をもって作品は終わる。
English: In April 1186, the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa secretly visited the quiet house in Ohara accompanied by Sanesada TOKUDAIJI, Kazan in Kanemasa, Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO and other Hokumen samurai (the Imperial Palace guards).
Japanese: 文治2年（1186年）4月、後白河法皇が徳大寺実定、花山院兼雅、土御門通親や北面の武士を伴にお忍びで大原の閑居を訪ねてきた。
English: Although Tokuko ashamed her appearance after she fell on hard times, she met with the Cloistered Emperor in tears, and said, 'I was born as a daughter of the Grand Minister, TAIRA no Kiyomori, and once called the mother of the Emperor, I thought my days in glory would even reach heaven, but soon after Yoshinaka KISO's attack, I had to leave Kyoto and I was feeling sad missing Kyoto.
Japanese: 徳子は落魄した身を恥じらいながらも、泣く泣く法皇と対面して、「太政大臣清盛の娘と生まれ、国母となり、わたしの栄耀栄華は天上界にも及ぶまいと思っていましたが、やがて木曾義仲に攻められて都落ちし京を懐かしみ悲しみました。
English: After that, at the Battle of Danno ura, Nino Ama held the former Emperor and they drowned, while saying "there was another city under the waves," I still remember how he looked the last time I saw him.
Japanese: そして、壇ノ浦の戦いで二位尼は『波の下にも都がございます』と言うと先帝を抱いて海に沈み、その面影は忘れようとしても忘れられません。
English: When I was caught and brought to Akashi in Harima Province, I had a dream and saw the former Emperor and the people from the Taira clan sitting down in polite manner somewhere looked better than the former Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 捕えられ播磨国明石まで来たとき、わたしは夢で昔の内裏よりも立派な場所で先帝と平家一門の人々が礼儀を正して控えているのを見ました。
English: I asked, "If there is pain in this world?" they answered, "It is written in Ryuchiku kyo (sutra)."
Japanese: 『ここに苦しみはあるのでしょうか』と問いますと『竜畜経に書かれています』と答えられました。
English: Then I read the sutra and talked about what I had to go through, also mentioning that I prayed to hold a memorial service for the deceased former Emperor.
Japanese: それで、わたしは経を読み、先帝の菩提を弔っているのです」とこれまでのことを物語した。
English: After that Tokuko spent Spring and Autumn in the mountain village of Ohara, she prayed to Amida Buddha and died in 1214, while Hoshi/Sukeko and Awa no Naishi were looking after her.
Japanese: その後、徳子は大原の山里で春秋を過ごし、建保元年（1214年）、念仏を唱えながら輔子と阿波内侍に看取られて死去した。
English: Kazunomiya Imperial Princess Chikako (July 3, 1846 - September 2, 1877) was a woman who lived during the late Edo period, she was a wife of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), fourteenth Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 和宮親子内親王（かずのみやちかこないしんのう、（1846年7月3日-1877年9月2日）は、江戸時代後期の女性、江戸幕府第14代将軍徳川家茂の正室である。
English: Kazunomiya' was her childhood name which was given when she was born, 'Chikako' was given by the Emperor when she officially became the Princess in 1861.
Japanese: 「和宮」は誕生の際に賜られた幼名で、「親子」は文久元年（1861年）の内親王宣下の際に賜られた諱である。
English: She was the only Princess who married into a Samurai family and went to the Kanto area from Edo, not only during the Edo period, but in the previous era's as well.
Japanese: 江戸時代はもとより、それ以前に於いて、皇女が武家に降嫁し、関東下向した唯一の例である。
English: Although the marriage with Iemochi was confirmed officially, she made the bakufu promise to build a new Palace for her half younger sister, Katsuranomiya Imperial Princess Sumiko, or to make sure she would have her own room in the style of the Imperial Palace, not in the inner rooms of the shogun's palace (Ooku) style, after the marriage.
Japanese: 結局家茂との結婚が決まった後も、幕府に異母姉桂宮淑子内親王の御殿の建設や、降嫁後も大奥風ではなく御所風の生活を守ることなどを約束させている。
English: However, the promise to have 'a room of Imperial style' was almost cancelled, because the head of the bakufu did not communicate with the inner rooms of the shogun's (Ooku) at all on this matter, it caused big confusion in Ooku during the last days of the bakufu.
Japanese: 但し、「御所風の生活」の方は幕府首脳が大奥に全く根回ししていなかったため約束は破棄同然となり、幕末の大奥が大混乱に陥った一因となった。
English: Inside the Edo castle, due to tradition, the shogun's wife was called 'Midaisama,' however Chikako refused to be called that, she made others call her 'Kazunomiya sama' instead.
Japanese: 江戸城内では武家の習いで将軍の正室を「御台様（みだいさま）」と呼んでいたが、親子はこれを拒否し「和宮様」と呼ばせた。
English: Iemochi did not have a nobleman's concubine and had only Kazunomiya as his wife all his life, it was said they had a good relationship.
Japanese: 家茂は側室をおかず、和宮を生涯の伴侶とし、夫婦仲は良好であったとされている。
English: They did not have any children, Iemochi announced to let Yoshiyori TAYASU's son, Kamenosuke (later called Iesato TOKUGAWA) succeed to his position, however after Iemochi died, it was said that Kazunomiya mentioned, 'In this time, the young Kamenosuke may not be good enough as a successor, since there is no one to supervise Kamenosuke, we need to choose someone appropriate for the country.'
Japanese: 和宮と家茂の間に子はなく、家茂は田安慶頼の子亀之助（のちの徳川家達）に相続させることを表明していたが、家茂薨去後、和宮は「唯今の時勢、幼齢の亀之助にては如何あるべき、確かなる後見の人なくては協（かな）はざることなれば、然るべき人体を天下の為に選ぶべし」と語ったという。
English: Senior councilor Katsukiyo ITAKURA strongly recommended Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI during his busy days having one difficulty after another, he then asked Kazunomiya to have Kamenosuke as Yoshinobu's successor, she approved saying, 'As long as the will was kept, there is no problem, please make sure Kamenosuke succeeds to Chunagon (Yoshinobu's) position. '
Japanese: 老中板倉勝静らも多事多難の折柄、一橋慶喜をこそ将軍に立てるべきと斡旋し、慶喜の後継に亀之助をと和宮に伺ったところ、和宮は「御遺命さへ反故とならずば異存なし、中納言（慶喜）の後をば必ず亀之助に継がしむべし」と許可したという。
English: After the bakufu collapsed, Kazunomiya returned to Kyoto, however she decided to return to Tokyo after Emperor Meiji and Saneakira, who lived in Ichigaya Sadohara, encouraged her to come back, she lived in the former residence of Nobuyuki Totoumi no kami Nanbu of the Hachinohe Domain which is located in Hyoe-machi Town, Azabu City from July 1874.
Japanese: 幕府瓦解後一旦京都へ戻った和宮だが、明治天皇や市谷砂土原に居住していた実麗らの勧奨もあり再び東京へ戻ることを決め、明治七年七月、東京に戻った和宮は麻布市兵衛町にある八戸藩南部遠江守信順の元屋敷に居住した。
English: After she started living in Tokyo, she socialized with a wide range of people such as Iesato of the Tokugawa family or other Imperial family or Tenshoin and so on.
Japanese: 東京移居後は皇族や天璋院や家達をはじめとした徳川一門など幅広い交流を持つようになった。
English: However she developed beriberi around this time, she went to Tonosawa, Hakone in August 1877 since it was recommended by former doctor of Ooku, Choan TODA, to move to different place to rest her body.
Japanese: しかしこの頃より脚気を患い、明治十年八月、元奥医師の遠田澄庵の転地療養の勧めがあり箱根塔ノ沢へ向かった。
English: It seemed Kazunomiya had some contact with the local people where she stayed to rest up, Keijiro NAKANO of Kansuiro, Tonosawa, Hakone (it was Choan TODA Hotel while Kazunomiya stayed in the hot-spring resort) remembers an old lady, Kiwa HIRATSUKA who was ninety eight years old at that time, talking about Kazunomiya, that she used to have children of the village over to give some sweets during 1960s.
Japanese: 転地療養先では地元住民との交流も行われたようで、箱根塔ノ沢環水楼（和宮湯治時は中田暢平旅館）中野敬次郎氏に1960年代、当時98歳の平塚きわという老婆が幼い頃、村の子供達を招待して菓子を振舞われた宮の思い出を語っている。
English: What Kazunomiya looked like, what Kiwa HIRATSUKA talked about was like, she was surrounded by many maids, and wearing white Kimono with a purple belt, with Osuberakashi hair style (hair style with volume fringes tied up and had long straight hair in the back).
Japanese: 平塚きわの語り残した宮の姿は大勢の侍女に囲まれ、白い着物を着て紫の帯を締め、おすべらかしを結っていた姿であった。
English: Not long after that, she died of breathing difficulties due to beriberi in Tonosawa in the morning on September 2, 1877.
Japanese: 程なく明治十年九月二日早朝、脚気衝心のため療養先の塔ノ沢で薨去する。
English: When Iemochi left for Kyoto to subjugate the Choshu Domain, he asked Kazunomiya what she would like as a souvenir on his triumphant return and Kazunomiya asked him to get her a Nishijin Brocade.
Japanese: 家茂が長州征討の為に上洛の際、凱旋の土産は何がよいかと問われた和宮は西陣織を所望したという。
English: Kazunomiya gave the Nishijin brocade with the following poem to the Zojo-ji Temple, and later the Nishijin brocade was made into Kesa (an oblong piece of ornamental cloth worn over the robe by a Buddhist priest) on the anniversary, "Even though I have this gorgeous Nishijin brocade Kimono, I would enjoy wearing it if you are still alive."
Japanese: 和宮は「空蝉の　唐織り衣　なにかせん　あやも錦も　君ありてこそ」の和歌を添えその西陣織を増上寺に奉納、のちに年忌の際、袈裟として仕立てられた。
English: On July 3, 1846, around two o'clock in the afternoon, she was born as the eighth Princess of the Emperor Ninko, her birth mother was Kangyoin (Naishinosuke Tsuneko HASHIMOTO)
Japanese: 弘化3年閏5月10日（1846年7月3日）未刻、仁孝天皇の第8皇女として誕生、生母は観行院（典侍・橋本経子）。
English: Since her father, Emperor Ninko died before Chikako was born, (February 21, 1846) she was brought up in her mother Kangyoin's house, with the Hashimoto family, by the Imperial order.
Japanese: 父仁孝天皇は親子の誕生前、弘化3年1月26日（1846年2月21日）に崩御していたため、勅命により、和宮は母観行院の生家橋本家で養育された。
English: In 1851 she was engaged to the eldest son of the Arisugawanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito, Prince Taruhito, however the engagement was cancelled due to the union of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate promoted by Tomomi IWAKURA.
Japanese: 嘉永4年（1851年）、有栖川宮幟仁親王の長男・有栖川宮熾仁親王と婚約したが、岩倉具視らが推進する公武合体のため婚約破棄。
English: She departed from Kyoto for the marriage with Iemochi TOKUGAWA (September 26, 1861).
Japanese: 文久元年10月20日（1861年9月26日）、徳川家茂との婚儀の為に京都を出発。
English: She arrived at Edo in March 12, 1862 and decided to leave the Imperial family to be married, she had the ceremony to marry Iemochi at Edo Castle.
Japanese: 文久2年2月11日（1862年3月12日）、江戸に着き皇室から降嫁、家茂と婚儀を江戸城で挙行。
English: After Kazunomiya married with Iemochi, the union of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate was completed, she started her new life living with Otoshiyori, Takiyama, Honjuin (Iesada TOKUGAWA's mother) and Tenshoin in Ooku.
Japanese: 和宮が家茂に降嫁することで公武合体が完成し、和宮は大奥にて御年寄の瀧山、本寿院（徳川家定生母）と天璋院とともに過ごすこととなった。
English: Kazunomiya and her maids kept the same customs like the Imperial style, (for example they spent winter time bear foot without wearing socks since the Emperor did not allow them to do so), on the other hand, people in Ooku gave the hard time to Kazunomiya and her maids as they did not get used to the new life in Ooku, it is said there was a bad atmosphere inside the Ooku in those days.
Japanese: 和宮及びそのお付き女中は宮中風の生活習慣を守り（一例を挙げると天皇の許しがないため冬期でも足袋をはかず裸足であった）、一方、大奥になじまない和宮一行を大奥側も不遇な待遇をしていじめるなどし、当初は険悪な空気であったという。
English: However Iemochi, who was smart and considerate to others, helped to solve the conflict with the Ooku side.
Japanese: しかし人格に秀で、他者への気遣いが巧かった家茂の機転で和宮-大奥側は後に和解。
English: On August 29, 1866, Iemochi died in the Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶応2年7月20日（1866年8月29日）、夫家茂が大坂城にて死去。
English: During the Boshin War, she wrote to her nephew, Emperor Meiji asking to spare the Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's life.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争の際、甥に当たる明治天皇に手紙を書き、将軍徳川慶喜の助命を嘆願した。
English: In April 1868, since the Edo bakufu (Japanese Feudal government headed by a shogun) surrendered Edo Castle and Ooku to the government army, Kazunomiya moved to the Tayasu family residence with Jitsujoin.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）4月、江戸幕府は官軍に江戸城と大奥を明渡すことになり実成院とともに田安家屋敷へと移った。
English: On September 2, 1877, she died in Kansuiro, Tonosawa, Hakone where she stayed to rest up, she was thirty two years old.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）9月2日に療養先の箱根塔ノ沢環翠楼にて死去、享年32。
English: The Tokugawa family's cemetery where Kazunomiya was buried was located where the current Tokyo Prince Hotel was, since this land was sold to Kokudo Corp in 1950, Kazunomiya's cemetery and the successive Shogun and their wives cemeteries and remains were excavated, relocated, and re-buried.
Japanese: 和宮が埋葬された増上寺の徳川家墓所は現在の東京プリンスホテルの場所にあったが、1950年代に同地がコクドに売却されたため、和宮をはじめ、歴代将軍及びその正側室の墓所と遺骸も発掘・改葬された。
English: According to the result of the investigation at that time called, 'The Zojo-ji Temple, Tokugawa Shogun cemetery and remains, bodies,' Kazunomiya was presumed to be short lady, one meter forty three centimeters tall, her weight was thirty four kilograms, she had extremely buckteeth and tended to walk pigeon-toed.
Japanese: その際の調査結果をまとめた『増上寺徳川将軍家墓とその遺品・遺体』によると、和宮は身長143cm、体重34kg（いずれも推定）であり、骨格の形状から極端な反っ歯と内股が特徴の小柄な女性であったと推定されている。
English: There is a mystery in that there was no bones from the left hand found, also there was a statue of Kazunomiya and her left hand is hidden in an unnatural way, there is a legend that she lost her left hand for some reason, when she was alive.
Japanese: また、不思議な事に左手の手首から先の骨がいくら探しても見つからず、増上寺にある和宮の銅像も左手は不自然に隠れている事から、彼女が生前、何らかの理由で左手を欠損していたのではないかという説がある。
English: Kazunomiya is one of the rare Imperial family members whose cemetery was excavated for investigation, since currently most Imperial mausoleum studied for reference are in fact not allowed to be excavated for investigation purposes, ancient tombs also fall under the policy of the Imperial Household Agency.
Japanese: 古墳はともかく、陵墓や陵墓参考地の大半が宮内庁の方針により事実上の学術発掘調査不可となっている現在、和宮は墓所が発掘調査された数少ない皇族である。
English: Also there was a young man's dry picture plate found inside the Kazunomiya's coffin, but the plate was not kept property, it became just a glass plate on the following day.
Japanese: また、和宮の棺からは直垂姿をした若い男性の写真乾板が副葬品として見つかったが、その後の保存処理が悪かったため翌日には乾板はただのガラス板になっていたという。
English: When Kazunomiya married to Iemochi, on her way to Edo through Nakasendo road, she took a rest with the Kosaka family in Shinshu, Kazunomiya's photograph was found which was taken by a photographer of Kosaka family.
Japanese: 近年和宮が降嫁に際し中山道を通って江戸へ向う途中、信州小坂家で休息した折、小坂家の写真師が撮影した和宮の写真が発見された。
English: It was the photographic positive in on a dry glass plate kept in the military style fan, a copy of the photograph was given to Amida-ji Temple by Kenji KOSAKA who is a descendant of the Kosaka family.
Japanese: これはポジのガラス乾板で軍扇に収められており、複写したものを小坂家末裔の小坂憲次氏より、阿弥陀寺に寄進されている。
English: Kazumomiya posed with both her hands slightly out of her sleeves in this photograph.
Japanese: この写真の和宮からは、袿の袖から僅かに両手の先を出している姿が確認できる。
English: Some people said some of Kazunomiya's poems after she moved to Edo, compared with the ones she wrote while she was in Kyoto, were not elegant at all, it was almost like someone else wrote the poems for her (it is said the poems were not even professionally written, her style changed into an unprofessional, dull style all of a sudden), there was a theory that someone was acting as a double in place of Kazunomiya.
Japanese: 在京の頃の歌風と比べ、東下後の歌風は、「雅」がまるで感じられず、まるで別人に取って代わったと言ってもいいような変化（それも、素人あるいは、一般庶民のような野臭い歌風に急変したとする）であるため、それをもって、替え玉であると言うことを唱える人もいる。
English: Also Sawako ARIYOSHI wrote a novel, "Kazunomiya-sama Otome" with a story about someone who was acting as a double for Kazunomiya. (A totally different theory compared with the above was used in the novel.)
Japanese: その他、有吉佐和子などが、替え玉説をモチーフに小説『和宮様御留』を書いている（上記の説とはまた違った説を用いている）。
English: However it was discovered that Kazunomiya had a body build typical of Imperial female members in those days, due to the investigation of the bones, thus there is a strong possibility it was just a rumor that someone was acting as her double.
Japanese: しかし、遺骨などの調査から当時の皇族女性独特の体躯であったことが判明、替え玉説は後世の流布である可能性が極めて高い。
English: The term "Gyokei" or "Junkei" is used to refer to a visit by the Empress, the Empress Dowager, the Crown Prince, or the Crown Princess, while "Gyokokei" or "Junkokei" is used if the Emperor is also present for the visit.
Japanese: 皇后・皇太后・皇太子・皇太子妃の外出を行啓（ぎょうけい）/巡啓と言い、行幸と併せて行幸啓（ぎょうこうけい）/巡幸啓と言う。
English: When just saying; 'Gyokokei,' it often means the Emperor and the Empress going out together.
Japanese: 単に「行幸啓」といった場合は、天皇と皇后が一緒に外出することを指す場合が多い。
English: It is called Kanko, Kankei, Kankokei when coming back from Gyokokei.
Japanese: 行幸啓した者が外出先から帰ることを還幸（かんこう）、還啓（かんけい）、還幸啓（かんこうけい）という。
English: Except for the above occasions, when the Imperial family goes out it is called Onari, Gokikan is coming back from Onari.
Japanese: これら以外の皇族の外出はお成り（おなり）、お成りをした皇族が外出先から帰ることをご帰還（ごきかん）と言う。
English: However there are occasions when it's called Kyoko, instead of Gyokei, for example, when the Empress Jingu went to Ise Province during the Nara period.
Japanese: 但し、奈良時代などに於いては神功皇后の伊勢国行幸の様に行啓を行幸と言う場合もあった。
English: It's also called Karimiya to stay a night during Gyoko during the Nara period.
Japanese: また、奈良時代などに於いて、行幸の際に宿泊するところを行宮（かりみや）と言う。
English: Also there is a description of 'Kurama-dera Temple Goko' in the historical book of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: また、鎌倉時代の書物の中には「鞍馬寺御幸」などの表記も伺うことが出来る。
English: Tokyo Gyoko' seems to mean just an ordinary Gyoko, but it practically means the establishment of the capital.
Japanese: 「東京行幸」は行幸と言う言葉を使い、その形態を装っているが、実質的な奠都と言う意味で用いられる。
English: According to the government newsletter published by an Independent administrative institution, the National Printing Bureau, the following items are run when there was Gyokokei of the Emperor and Empress.
Japanese: 独立行政法人国立印刷局が発行する官報には、天皇・皇后の行幸啓があった場合、下記の項目が掲載される。
English: The H. M. [His Majesty] the Emperor left (shutsumon) at twelve forty one in the afternoon on twenty eighth, September, to the Diet Building to attend (Gyoko) the hundred and sixty fifth opening ceremony of the diet, and came back (Kanko) at one nineteen in the afternoon on the same day.
Japanese: 天皇陛下は、九月二十八日午後零時四十一分御出門、第百六十五回国会開会式に御臨場のため、国会議事堂へ行幸、同一時十九分還幸になった。
English: The Jurakudai Gyoko: Emperor Goyozei, April 14, 1588 - April 18.
Japanese: 聚楽第行幸：後陽成天皇、1588年（天正16年）4月14日-4月18日。
English: The ancestor of the Katsuranomiya family was the Imperial Prince Sanehito's (Emperor Ogimachi's first Prince) sixth Prince of Imperial Prince Toshihito.
Japanese: 桂宮家は、正親町天皇の第一皇子である誠仁親王の第六皇子・智仁親王を祖とする。
English: Imperial Prince Toshihito was adopted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, but after Hideyoshi had his biological son, the Prince left the Toyotomi family and was given an estate by Hideyoshi, and he established his own family.
Japanese: 智仁親王は初め豊臣秀吉の猶子となったが、秀吉に実子が生まれたため、豊臣家を離れ、あらたに秀吉から知行地を献じられることとなり、一家を立てた。