nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As for the types of plum trees cultivated in Tsukigase Bairin, 'The Academic Research on Scenic Beauty Tsukigase' released its observation in 1957 that 'most plum trees in Tsukigase Bairin are prolific late bloomers, which means one cannot appreciate the charm of "plum blossoms heralding the arrival of spring" (paraphrase).'
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬梅林で栽培されるウメの種類に関しては1957年に発表された「名勝月瀬学術調査」において「月ヶ瀬梅林では、梅の実の収穫量の多い遅咲きのウメばかりを栽培したために『春に先駆けて咲く梅の花』の魅力を感じられなくなった（意訳）」との考察がなされている。
English: Until around the Meiji period when Ubai production came close to an end, unaltered wild plums had been cultivated.
Japanese: 烏梅生産末期の明治時代ごろまでは未改良の野性的な品種のウメが栽培されていた。
English: As wild plums contain a lot of citric acid, they were appropriate for Ubai production.
Japanese: 野生種の梅果はクエン酸等の含有量が多く、烏梅の利用目的には適していた。
English: However, they were too sour to eat and not welcomed in the market, which hampered the shift of production from Ubai to edible plums.
Japanese: しかし、酸味が強いため食用青梅としては市場から歓迎されず、烏梅から食用青梅生産に軸足を移す足かせになった。
English: Tsukigase where Tsukigase Bairin is located is described in several different kanji combinations, '月ヶ瀬' (Tsukigase), '月ノ瀬' (Tsukinose) and '月瀬' (Tsukise).
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬梅林の所在地、月ヶ瀬は「月ヶ瀬」「月ノ瀬」「月瀬」と複数の呼称・表記を持っている。
English: As of 2007, there still exists a place called '奈良市月ヶ瀬月瀬' (Tsukigase Tsukise, Nara City).
Japanese: 2007年現在においても「奈良市月ヶ瀬月瀬（ならしつきがせつきのせ）」という地名が現存している。
English: In order to unify these multiple names and descriptions, the village name was changed from 'Tsukise Village' to 'Tsukigase Village' in 1968.
Japanese: この複数存在する呼称・表記の統一を図るため、1968年に当時の「月瀬村」は村名を「月ヶ瀬村」に変更した。
English: After the village name change, 'Tsukigase Bairin' became the common term, and the names are unified as 'Tsukigase Bairin' and 'Tsukigase Baikei' in "Tsukigase Sonshi" (Tsukigase Village History).
Japanese: 村名変更後は「月ヶ瀬梅林」の表記が一般的であり、『月ヶ瀬村史』においても「月ヶ瀬梅林」「月ヶ瀬梅渓」の表記で統一されている。
English: However, the description used for the registered name as the place of scenic beauty is still 'Tsukise Bairin,' the name used at the time of original registration, and no correction has been made to it as of 2007.
Japanese: しかし、名勝の登録名には登録当時の「月瀬梅林」の表記が残っており、2007年現在「月瀬梅林」の表記は変更されていない。
English: In this article, 'Tsukigase Bairin' is used to describe the plum groves in accordance with the 'Tsukigase Village History,' unless otherwise required.
Japanese: ※本記事では特に必要のある場合を除き、「月ヶ瀬村史」に従い「月ヶ瀬梅林」に統一して表記しました。
English: Tsukigase Bairin refers collectively to the plum groves stretching from Mt. Tsukigaseoyama to its surrounding areas, and actually, the area has several independent plum groves.
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬梅林は月ヶ瀬尾山とその周辺に広がる梅林の総称で、実際には複数の梅林が存在する。
English: In this section, sightseeing spots from the 'Walking Map of Tsukigase' which are closely related to the plum groves are introduced.
Japanese: ここでは「月ヶ瀬ウォーキングマップ」より梅林に関わりの深いみどころを抜粋して紹介する。
English: Monument of Princess Sonohime: a stone monument to commemorate Prince Sonohime who is believed to be the first person to bring Ubai to the Tsukigase area.
Japanese: 園生姫の碑月ヶ瀬の地に烏梅を伝えたとされる園生姫（そのおひめ）を記念する石碑である。
English: Stone Pillar of 'Scenic Beauty Tsukigase Bairin': a stone pillar erected when the Bairin was designated as National Site of Scenic Beauty by the Japanese government.
Japanese: 「名勝月瀬梅林」の石柱日本国指定名勝に指定された際に建立された石柱である。
English: Tsukigase Bridge: built in 1893 across Satsuki River and located in the center of former Tsukigase Village.
Japanese: 月瀬橋旧月ヶ瀬村の中央で五月川を渡る橋で1893年に初めて架橋された。
English: Kokeishi Bairin/Hitome Manbon (ten thousand trees at a glance)/Basho's Poem Monument: the monument is inscribed with Basho's poem that reads 'I feel spring has finally come to see beautiful moon and plum flowers,' but there is no record of Basho MATSUO visiting Tsukigase and it is also not clear whether or not the poem was truly created by Basho.
Japanese: こけいし梅林・一目万本・芭蕉句碑「春もやゝけしきとのふ月と梅」と刻まれているが、松尾芭蕉が月ヶ瀬の地に来た事実を実証する資料は存在せず、本当に芭蕉の句であるか否かははっきりしない。
English: A story has been handed down verbally for generations that the origin of Tsukigase Bairin dates back to 1205 when plum trees were first planted to pay respect to Michizane SUGAWARA when his Ten-jinja Shrine was erected on the grounds of Shinpuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬梅林の起源は古く、1205年（文久2年）に真福寺境内に天神社を建立する際、菅原道真の好んだ梅を植樹したとの口伝が残っている。
English: Although the authenticity of this record has not been verified, it is believed that the origin of the Tsukigase Bairin goes back at least 600 years, as 'Tosen no Ume' is estimated to have lived 600 years.
Japanese: この記録の真偽は定かではないが、「桃仙の梅」が樹齢600年と推定されることから、月ヶ瀬梅林の起源は少なくとも600年前にさかのぼるのではないかと考えられている。
English: One of the court ladies who had fled from Mt. Kasagi with Emperor Godaigo in the face of a crushing defeat in the Onin War of 1331 came to Tsukigase to stay.
Japanese: 1331年に起こった元弘の乱で大敗を喫した後醍醐天皇が笠置山から撤退する際、一緒に逃げてきた女官の一人が月瀬に滞在した。
English: It has been told that the lady looked at ripe plums and decided to introduce the production method of Ubai, an ingredient for safflower dyes which was popularly used in Kyoto to the people of Tsukigase.
Japanese: その女官が熟れた梅の実を見て月瀬の民に京都で使用される紅花染め用の烏梅の製法を教えたという伝承が残る。
English: It is said that around the 15th century, about 100 years later, the entire area around Satsuki River was completely covered with plum trees to produce Ubai.
Japanese: その約100年後の15世紀ごろには五月川流域一帯は烏梅を作るための梅林で埋め尽くされたという。
English: As the villages in Tsukigase which were situated in deep valleys did not have enough land to grow crops, villagers could not afford to provide the government with the tribute rice which was strictly collected.
Japanese: 深い渓谷にある月瀬の村々には耕作地として利用できる土地に乏しく、厳しく取り立てられる上納米を納める余裕がなかった。
English: They protected their livlihoods by cultivating plum trees for Ubai on barren hillsides which were not suitable to grow crops, while producing food for themselves on the limited fertile lands.
Japanese: 耕作地として利用できない斜面で烏梅に用いる梅を栽培し、限られた耕作地では自給食料を生産することで自らの生活を守ったのである。
English: It was not until in the Edo period that Tsukigase Bairin was introduced in literature.
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬梅林が文献上はじめて紹介されるのは江戸時代に入ってからである。
English: Tsukigase Bairin was first mentioned in "Okina gusa," which was written by Kicho KANZAWA in 1772.
Japanese: 1772年に神沢其蜩が著した『翁草』において月ヶ瀬梅林が紹介された。
English: It was followed by the publication of "Toyushi" in 1803 written by Nakanobu TAMIYA, a Confucian scholar from Osaka, in which the plum groves were introduced with illustrations.
Japanese: 続いて、1803年に大坂の儒学者である田宮仲宜が著した『東&x7256子』では挿絵を添えて紹介している。
English: In the IOUs of the Tsukigase region created during the Kyowa, Bunka and Bunsei eras (1801-1830) plum-tree fields frequently appear on a pawn lists, indicating that plum trees were planted on entire crop fields as well.
Japanese: 享和、文化、文政年代の月瀬周辺に関わる借用書には梅木畑の入質記録が散見され、この時代には畑一面にまで梅が植えられていたことが窺える。
English: At its peak around 1810 to 1830 (Bunka and Bunsei eras), it is believed that nearly 100,000 plum trees were grown in Tsukigase Bairin.
Japanese: 1810年～1830年ごろ（文化、文政年間）の最盛期には、月ヶ瀬梅林には10万本近くの梅の木が栽培されていたとされる。
English: In 1819, Rengyoku Kan, a scholar from Yamada (Ise City), described the scenery of Tsukigase in his writing, "Yu Tsukigase Ki", as below.
Japanese: 1819年、山田(伊勢市)の学者であった韓聯玉が記した『遊月瀬記』では月ヶ瀬の光景を以下のように記している。
English: 天然の巧置人をして廔々眷みて去る能はざらむ、既に村に入れば岸壁籬落の際芳雪和霧之を尾山に較ぶれば尤も絶勝たり。
Japanese: 天然の巧置人をして&x5ed4々眷みて去る能はざらむ、既に村に入れば岸壁籬落の際芳雪和霧之を尾山に較ぶれば尤も絶勝たり。
English: The magnificent scenery of the deep valleys surrounding Satsuki River and ten thousand plum trees gradually became known far and wide.
Japanese: 五月川の深い渓谷と万本の梅が織り成す絶景は次第に遠方にまで知れ渡るようになった。
English: It was "Tsukigase Kisho or Getsurai Kisho" written in 1830 by Setsudo SAITO, a Confucian scholar of Tsu Clan, which had the largest effect in garnering Tsukigase Bairin its unwavering reputation as a site of scenic beauty.
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬梅林の名勝としての地位を不動にしたのは津藩の儒学者であった斉藤拙堂が1830年に著した書物『月瀬記勝（つきがせきしょう／げつらいきしょう）』の影響が大きい。
English: The book consists of two volumes, 'Ken' and 'Kon,' which are written in the form of Chinese classics and Chinese poetry dotted with illustrations.
Japanese: 「乾」「坤」の2巻からなる書物で全巻漢文・漢詩であり、要所に挿絵が入っている。
English: "Tsukigase Kisho" was a very popular guidebook which was readily available at souvenir shops until as recently as Meiji and Taisho periods.
Japanese: 『月瀬記勝』は明治時代・大正時代に至るまで土産物店で手軽に購入できるガイドブックとして多くの人々にもてはやされた。
English: Also, a section from "Tsukigase Kisho" was used in a teachers' college textbook titled "Revised Chinese Classics for Teachers. Vol. 2" (Meiji-Shoin Publications), published in 1932.
Japanese: また、1932年発刊の『師範漢文改制版・巻二』（明治書院）と題する師範学校の教科書に『月瀬記勝』の一部が使用された。
English: In the Meiji period when synthesized dyes were introduced, time-consuming safflower dyes made from Ubai were phased out, causing the price of Ubai to nosedive.
Japanese: 明治時代に入り合成染料が伝来すると、烏梅を用いた手間のかかる紅花染めは徐々に行われなくなり、烏梅の価格は暴落した。
English: Plum trees were left unattended and those planted on crop fields were cut down to be replaced by other crops.
Japanese: 梅樹の手入れはおろそかになり、畑地に植えられていた梅は伐採されて他の作物に植え替えられていった。
English: Meanwhile, people began to take action to protect the rotting Tsukigase Bairin.
Japanese: 一方、朽ちてゆく月ヶ瀬梅林を守るための保存活動が行われるようになった。
English: Zensuke TANAKA, an entrepreneur of Iga Ueno and the former mayor of Ueno City, established 'Tsukigase Hoshokai' (Tsukigase Conservation Association) to protect the plum groves in the neighboring village.
Japanese: 上野市を務めたことのある伊賀上野の事業家、田中善助は隣村の梅林を守るために「月瀬保勝会」を発足させた。
English: However, possibly due to the lack of awareness among villagers, plum trees continued to be cut down, stalling the conservation efforts of Tsukigase Hoshokai.
Japanese: しかし村民の意識の低さからか、梅林の伐採はおさまらず、月瀬保勝会の事業は頓挫した。
English: However, the establishment of Tsukigase Village in 1889 in accordance with the enforcement of The Municipal Government Act turned the tide; the governor of Nara Prefecture, Atsushi SAISHO, and the mayor of Tsukigase Village, Genkichi OKUDA, lamented the waning state of the plum groves and implemented tax reductions and exemptions as well as plum grove protection measures.
Japanese: 1889年、町村制施行により月瀬村が発足すると、奈良県知事税所篤や月瀬村長奥田源吉らは梅林の衰退を憂い、租税減免など、梅林保護の政策を実施した。
English: Their dedicated efforts paid off, and Tsukigase villagers voluntarily became involved in the management of 'Tsukigase Hoshokai.'
Japanese: 熱意が功を奏し、月瀬村民は自主的に「月瀬保勝会」の運営を行うようになった。
English: Although financial difficulties kept the association from taking active measures, it was incorporated as 'Tsukigase Hoshokai Foundation' in 1919 in an effort to reinforce its activities.
Japanese: 資金難から活発な事業を行えずにいたが、活動強化を目指し、1919年には「財団法人月瀬保勝会」として法人改組している。
English: To coincide with the establishment of 'Tsukigase Hoshokai Foundation,' the municipal government of Tsukigase Village itself began to be involved in the protection of the plum groves, which led to the continued plea to the government to designate Tsukigase Bairin as a National Site of Scenic Beauty.
Japanese: 「財団法人月瀬保勝会」の設立と時を同じくして、月瀬村当局も梅林の保護に関心を持ち始め、政府に対して名勝指定への陳情を続けた。
English: These efforts paid off in 1922 when the pre-war Ministry of Home Affairs designated 'Tsukigase Bairin' as its first National Site of Scenic Beauty along with Nara Park and Kenroku-en Garden.
Japanese: 以上の努力の結果により、1922年、当時の内務省(日本)は日本国が指定する初めての名勝に奈良公園、兼六園とともに「月瀬梅林」を指定した。
English: It seemed the protection efforts of the plum groves had gotten on the right track, but with wartime control being introduced from around 1937, plum trees were almost forcibly cut down and fields were transformed into farmland to increase food production.
Japanese: 梅林の保護は軌道に乗り始めたかに見えたが、1937年ごろからの戦時統制の時代に突入すると食糧増産のために梅の木畑は半ば強制的に伐採され、耕作地に姿を変えた。
English: The aim of the project was to construct a dam in the branch of Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) to adjust water volume to protect the Osaka Plains from flooding.
Japanese: 大阪平野を洪水から守るため、木津川(京都府)支流に水量調節用のダムを建設する計画であった。
English: This project included the construction of Takayama Dam on Nabari-gawa River, which meant that if it was completed, Tsukigase Baikei would be swallowed up by the Dam.
Japanese: この計画には名張川の高山ダムが含まれており、計画の実現は月ヶ瀬梅渓の水没を意味した。
English: Tsukigase Village carried out official protests and Nara City and mass media also voiced opposition, but the construction could not be stopped for the cause of securing safety in the downstream area.
Japanese: 月ヶ瀬村では村を挙げての反対運動が行われ、奈良県やマスコミも声を上げたが、下流域の安全確保の大義の前にしてついに水没を回避することはできなかった。
English: After about 10 years of negotiation, the construction work of Takayama Dam started with the conditions that the plum groves would be restored and a new Tsukigase area would be created.
Japanese: 約10年間の交渉により梅林の復元と新生月ヶ瀬の再建を条件に高山ダムの建設工事は開始された。
English: Completion of Takayama Dam meant about 3,800 plum trees would be swallowed up by the water.
Japanese: 高山ダムが完成すると約3800本の梅がダムの底に水没することになる。
English: In order to save the submerging plum groves, some transplantable old trees were moved to the area around Mt. Tsukigaseoyama Tenjin-no Mori Forest and the three mountains surrounding Mt. Tsukigasedake.
Japanese: 水没する梅林を補償するため、移植可能な古木を現在の月ヶ瀬尾山天神の森付近や月ヶ瀬嵩三山付近に移植した。
English: Emerging from the dormant state it had fallen into during the war and postwar turmoil, Tsukigase Hoshokai resumed its operation to support the new Tsukigase Bairin.
Japanese: また、梅林を保護する立場である月ヶ瀬保勝会は戦中戦後の混乱から休眠状態に陥っていたが、新生月ヶ瀬梅林を盛り立てるために活動を再開した。
English: During the construction of Takayama Dam, many tourists visited the site to take one last look at the landscape of Tsukigase before being swallowed up by water.
Japanese: 高山ダム工事中には、水没する前の月ヶ瀬の姿を一目見るために多くの観光客が押し寄せた。
English: It was the time when people had started owning their own cars, and the village had to use the playground of a local junior high school to compensate for the lack of parking.
Japanese: ちょうど自家用車が普及し始めた時代であり、駐車場不足により中学校の校庭を駐車場に開放せざるを得ない状況であったという。
English: Even though the valley has gone under water, Tsukigase Baikei Hoshokai and tourist associations continue their efforts to manage and protect Tsukigase Bairin and foster transplanted or young plum trees.
Japanese: 渓谷が沈んだ後も月ヶ瀬梅林では月ヶ瀬梅渓保勝会や観光協会による梅林の管理保全、移植梅樹や幼木梅の育成が続けられている。
English: Tsukigase Bairin was designated a part of Nara Prefectural Tsukigase Konosan Natural Park in 1975.
Japanese: また、月ヶ瀬梅林は1975年には奈良県立月ヶ瀬神野山自然公園の一部に指定された。
English: The opening of the Meihan Expressway and improved prefectural roads and wide farm roads have contributed to better traffic conditions, Tsukigase has grown to be a tourist destination which expected more than 100,000 tourists in 1988.
Japanese: 名阪国道の開通や都道府県道・広域農道の整備などにより交通事情が改善したこともあり、1988年には推定観光客10万人以上を見込める観光地となっている。
English: Today, Lake Tsukigase and grown plum trees compliment each other perfectly, and tourists enjoy the amazing beauty of the newborn Tsukigase Bairin.
Japanese: 今では月ヶ瀬湖の湖水と育成した梅樹が調和し、新生月ヶ瀬梅林が観光客の目を楽しませている。
English: Nagara-gawa ukai is ukai (cormorant fishing) that is conducted in Nagara-gawa River in Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture during the period from May 11 to October 15 every year.
Japanese: 長良川鵜飼（ながらがわうかい）とは、岐阜県岐阜市の長良川で毎年5月11日から10月15日まで行われる鵜飼いである。
English: The reason why it is not conducted on the day of harvest moon is that sweetfishes are not lured by kagaribi (fishing fire) due to the light of full moon.
Japanese: 中秋の名月に行われないのは、満月の月明かりにより篝火に鮎が集まりにくいため。
English: Ukai that is conducted eight times a year at Imperial Household Agency's goryoba (fishing ground for the Imperial Court) is called 'goryo ukai.'
Japanese: そのうち宮内庁の御料場で行われる8回の鵜飼は「御料鵜飼」と呼ばれる。
English: Sweetfishes that are caught in goryo ukai are offered not only to the Imperial Palace but also to Meiji-jingu Shrine and Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 獲れたアユは皇居へ献上されるのみならず、明治神宮や伊勢神宮へも奉納される。
English: Ukai of Nagara-gawa River is the sole ukai in Japan that is patronized by the Imperial Court, and the official job title of usho (a fisherman of cormorant fishing) of Nagara-gawa ukai is shikibushoku usho of Kunaicho (Imperial Household Agency).
Japanese: 長良川における鵜飼は日本で唯一皇室御用の鵜飼であり、長良川の鵜匠は職名を宮内庁式部職鵜匠という。
English: A set of tools for Nagara-gawa uaki, a total of 122 pieces, are designated as national important tangible assets of folk culture, and the fishing method of Nagara-gawa ukai is designated as intangible folk cultural asset by Gifu City.
Japanese: 長良川の鵜飼用具一式122点は国の重要有形民俗文化財、長良川鵜飼漁法は岐阜市指定無形民俗文化財である。
English: The middle reaches of Nagara-gawa River where ukai is conducted was selected in 1985 as one of 'the best 100 natural water sources in Japan.'
Japanese: また、この鵜飼が行われる長良川中流域は1985年「名水百選」に選定された。
English: Also, a bathing place located along the river, about one kilometer from the Nagara Bridge in Gifu City toward the upper stream, was selected by the Ministry of Environment as one of 'the best 55 bathing places in Japan' in 1998 as well as one of 'the best 88 bathing places in Japan' in 2001, the sole case among riverside bathing places.
Japanese: また岐阜市の長良橋から上流約1kmまでの水浴場が1998年環境省認定「日本の水浴場55選」に、2001年「日本の水浴場88選」に全国で唯一河川の水浴場で選定された。
English: Usho gets on ubune (a boat used for ukai) with kagaribi at its bow and controls 10 to 12 cormorants by handling tenawa (a hand rope), and cormorants catch sweetfishes that gather under kagaribi.
Japanese: 舟首に篝火を付けた鵜舟に鵜匠が乗り10～12羽の鵜を手縄をさばき、操り、篝火に集まってきた鮎を鵜が次々に捕る。
English: As usho always lives together with cormorants, usho and cormorants get along perfectly and cormorants catch sweetfishes neatly.
Japanese: 鵜匠は常日頃から鵜と一緒に生活しているため、鵜匠と鵜は呼吸の合った動きを見せ、見事に鮎を捕らえてくる。
English: As straw-made ashinaka is expensive, vinyl-made ahinaka is often used.
Japanese: ワラで作った足半は貴重なため、ビニール紐で作った足半が使用される場合が多い。
English: Other than usho, 'tomonori,' who is responsible for steering a ship, and 'nakanori,' an assistant for usho and tomonori, are on board ubune.
Japanese: 鵜舟には鵜匠のほか鵜舟を操る責任者「供乗り（とものり）」と、鵜匠と供乗りの助手である「中乗り（なかのり）」が乗っている。
English: Usho usually keeps about 20 cormorants at home and put all of them into ukago (a basket to bring cormorants) a few hours before going out fishing.
Japanese: 鵜匠は自宅に20羽前後の鵜を飼っていて、漁に出る数時間前に全ての鵜を捕まえ鵜篭に入れる。
English: Cormorants are fed once a day, and the volume of feed is reduced during the on-season so that they are kept hungry before going out fishing.
Japanese: 鵜への餌やりは1日1回でシーズン中は餌の量を少なくし、漁に行く前は常に空腹状態にさせている。
English: As cormorants that are not hungry don't catch sweetfishes, those that are brought to fishing are fed only after fishing finished.
Japanese: 空腹状態でない鵜は鮎を捕らないため、漁に連れて行く鵜には漁が終わってから与える。
English: As usho makes two cormorants act in pair in ukai, he usually makes same two cormorants act in pair in other places than that of ukai.
Japanese: 鵜飼では鵜を2羽で行動させる為、鵜飼以外の場所でも常に同じ組み合わせの2羽で行動させている。
English: As a result, these two cormorants get on well each other, but not with other cormorants.
Japanese: これによりこの鵜同士の仲が良くなるが、他の鵜との仲はあまり良くない。
English: Although temminck's cormorants had been captured in Ise bay until the early Showa era, they are currently captured at Juo-machi, Hitachi City, Ibaragi Prefecture.
Japanese: 昭和初期までは伊勢湾で海鵜を捕獲していたが、現在は茨城県日立市十王町で捕獲している。
English: Uayu is so precious and expensive that it is normally not on sale at the market, but some tourist hotels serve it under the contract with usho.
Japanese: この鮎は通常市場では出回ることのない貴重で高価なものだが、観光旅館やホテルによっては鵜匠と契約し鵜鮎を賞味できる所もある。
English: After the war, the border between Nagaragawa Chuo Fisheries Cooperative Association and Nagaragawa Fisheries Cooperative Association (the upstream of the junction of Nagara-gawa River, Ima-gawa River and Ibo-gawa River) became the border of Nagara and Oze.
Japanese: 戦後は、長良川中央漁業協同組合と長良川漁業協同組合の境界（長良川、今川、津保川合流点上流あたり）が長良と小瀬の境界となっている。
English: As ukai is mainly conducted for tourist attraction purpose at present, its actual fishing ground has become shorter.
Japanese: しかし、現在は観光鵜飼が主となるため実際の漁場は短くなってきている。
English: Ukai of Nagara-gawa River in Gifu City and Seki City are the only ukai in Japan that are conducted by shikibushoku usho of Kunaicho (accordingly, they are national public servants).
Japanese: 岐阜市ならびに関市の長良川における鵜飼は、日本で唯一宮内庁式部職鵜匠によって行われている（したがって身分は国家公務員である）。
English: There are six and three Shikibushoku usho in Nagara, Gifu City and Oze, Seki City respectively, and all of them inherited the job based on the hereditary system.
Japanese: この鵜匠は岐阜市長良に6人、関市小瀬に3人おり、これらは全て代々世襲制である。
English: Ukai that is conducted by these usho eight times during the season at Kunaicho's goryoba is called 'goryo ukai.'
Japanese: この鵜匠たちにより期間中に宮内庁の御料場で行われる8回の鵜飼を「御料鵜飼」という。
English: Sweetfishes that are caught in goryo ukai are offered not only to the Imperial Palace but also to Meiji-jingu Shrine and Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 御料鵜飼で獲れた鮎は皇居へ献上されるのみならず、明治神宮や伊勢神宮へも奉納される。
English: While the people doing ukai fishing are generally called 'Utukai,' those doing ulkai in Nagara-gawa River are traditionally called 'usho' because of the hereditary system.
Japanese: 全国的には鵜飼漁をする人は「鵜使い」と呼ばれるのだが、長良川鵜飼では世襲制のため古くから「鵜匠」と呼ばれている。
English: Ubune on which kagaribi is burning slowly appears and tourists can watch the scene where cormorants catch sweetfishes from a spectator boat.
Japanese: 篝火を焚いた鵜舟がゆっくりと現れ、鵜が鮎を捕らえる様子を観覧船から眺める事が出来る。
English: Tourists can enjoy ukai without going ashore since a toilet boat and a shop boat, on which fireworks and drinks etc. are on sale, are also operated.
Japanese: 御手洗船や花火や飲み物などを売る売店船もあり、岸に上がることなく鵜飼を楽しむ事ができる。
English: After the ritual praying for the safety and prosperity of ukai during the season is held, spectator boats row out into the river one after another amid the performance of drums.
Japanese: シーズン中の鵜飼の安全と繁栄を祈願する神事である鵜飼安全祈願祭が行われた後、太鼓の演奏に見送られて次々と観覧船が川へと漕ぎ出して行く。
English: Various events are held by citizens including the operation of odoribune (dancing boat) by geigi (geisha) and the sending up of fireworks.
Japanese: 市民参加の各種イベントが行われ、芸妓による踊り船の運航や花火の打ち上げなどが行われる。
English: Utan' is a mascot modeled on a cormorant which Gifu City selected in order to promote Ngara-gawa ukai across the nation.
Japanese: 岐阜市が長良川鵜飼を全国にアピールするため募集したデザインの中から選ばれた鵜をデザインしたキャラクター。
English: It usually wears the clothes of usho, but it sometimes wear other clothes for PR purpose.
Japanese: 通常は鵜匠の衣装を着ているが、場合によってPR対象の関連衣装を着る。
English: Its name 'Utan' consists of 'u,' a Japanese word corresponding to a cormorant, and 'tan,' a child's word of 'chan.'
Japanese: 名称は、鵜の「う」と「ちゃん」の幼児語をもじって「うーたん」となっている。
English: Address : 1-2 Minato-machi, Gifu City, 550-8009 (adjacent to the boarding place of ukai spectator boat located on the south edge of Nagara-bashi Bridge)
Japanese: 所在地：〒500-8009岐阜市湊町1-2（長良橋南橋詰にある鵜飼観覧船のりばの横）
English: Nagara-gawa ukai has been conducted for about 1,300 years and its history overlaps the history of Japanese ukai.
Japanese: 長良川鵜飼は1300年ほど前から行われており、その歴史は日本で行われている鵜飼の歴史と重複する。
English: As ukai was a luxurious hobby of persons of power, it has been protected persons of power of the time.
Japanese: 鵜飼は権力者の贅沢のひとつだったため、その時々の権力者に守られ今日に至っている。
English: During the Edo period, it was conducted under the protection of Tokugawa bakufu and Owari Tokugawa family.
Japanese: 江戸時代においては徳川幕府および尾張徳川家の保護のもとに行われていた。
English: Thereafter, it was affiliated to the Shuryoryo (division of hunting) of the Imperial Household Ministry (current Imperial Household Agency) in 1890.
Japanese: その後、明治23年に宮内省主猟寮属となり、宮内省（現宮内庁）の直轄となった。
English: Basho MATSUO composed a haiku, 'Omoshirote yagatekanashiki ubunekana' (I was interested in ubune, but gradually became sad).
Japanese: 松尾芭蕉が「おもしろうて　やがてかなしき　鵜舟かな」という一句を残している。
English: A description concerning the ukai of Katagata County of Mino Province is seen in 'Wamyosho,' a dictionary compiled in the middle of Heian period.
Japanese: 平安時代中期に作られた辞書「和名抄」に、美濃国方県郡の鵜飼について記述。
English: There exists a record saying Kaneyoshi ICHIJO stayed at Shoho-ji Temple in Mino and saw ukai in the era of Bunmei (Japan).
Japanese: 文明(日本)年間に、一条兼良が美濃の正保寺に滞在し鵜飼を見物した記録。
English: There exists a record saying that seven houses along Nagara-gawa River were engaged in ukai during the era of Engi, that FUJIWARA no Toshihito made these seven houses offer sweetfishes to the Emperor, that the Emperor was pleased and gave Shichigo Village in Katagata County as the place for planting pine trees for kagaribi, and that this village came to be called Ukaishihigo.
Japanese: 延喜年間に、長良川河畔に鵜飼7戸の記録があり、藤原利仁は、その7戸の鵜飼に鮎を献上させ、天皇の気に入り方県郡七郷の地を鵜飼に要する篝松の料としてたまわり、鵜飼七郷と呼んだ。
English: After having been defeated in Heiji Disturbance, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, along with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, wandered along the Nagara-gawa River and stayed at the home of Hakumyo, the head of ukai fishermen.
Japanese: 平治の乱で源頼朝が源義朝と敗走する時はぐれ、長良川河畔をさまよった末に鵜飼の長である白明の家にて宿泊。
English: When he went to Kyoto in 1192 as Udaisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), he called a child of Hakumyo, expressed his gratitude and ordered to send ayzushi to Kamakura every year.
Japanese: その後、建久3年右大将として上洛する際に、白明の子を呼び出して恩に報い、また毎年鮎鮨を鎌倉に送るよう命じた。