nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, as the large-eyed women drawn in modern Japanese manga are not the realistic reflection of faces of women that are considered beautiful today, small eyes can be called a style of bijinga, and it does not seem to suggest that small eyes were especially favored in the Edo period.
Japanese: しかし、現代の日本の漫画で描かれる大きな目の女性が、現代において美しいとされる女性の顔をリアルに写し取ったものではないのと同じように、小さい目は美人画の様式とも言うべきものであり、小さな目が江戸時代に特に好まれたわけではないようである。
English: When thinking about the sense of the times based on a painting, it is necessary to consider the matter by making a distinction between the parts which show the painting style, and the parts which show the changes in the sense of feminine beauty of the times.
Japanese: 絵画をもとに時代の感覚を考える場合には、絵画の様式的な部分、時代の女性美の感覚の変化を表す部分を、区別して考える必要がある。
English: Even after the Meiji period, people still printed bijinga in ukiyoe with the style which was taken over from the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 明治時代になっても、浮世絵では幕末からの様式を引き継ぐ美人画がしばらく刷られていた。
English: In the Taisho period, Yumeji TAKEHISA gained popularity by his bijinga which blended ukiyoe style with the trend of Taisho Roman (general term for the thought and cultural events that are suggestive of the Taisho period) called 'Yumeji shiki bijin' (beautiful women of Yumeji style); the bijinga of Yumeji style are still very popular even today.
Japanese: 大正時代は、竹久夢二が「夢二式美人」と呼ばれる浮世絵風の様式と大正浪漫を融合させた美人像で人気を博し、夢二の美人像は現代に至っても非常に人気がある。
English: Kiyokata KABURAGI of Tokyo and Shoen UEMURA of Kyoto were well-established in this area; they were called 'Shoen of West, Kiyokata of East'.
Japanese: 東京の鏑木清方と京都の上村松園がこの分野での地位を確立し、「西の松園、東の清方」と称された。
English: From the latter part of the Meiji period until the Taisho period, bijinga came to be printed as publicity posters of companies and were circulated.
Japanese: 明治後期から大正にかけて、美人画が企業の広告ポスターとして印刷され出回るようになる。
English: It is also an interesting medium which tells us of the social situation and the mode of life of the time, about department stores, cruise ships, railways, soaps, beer, etc.
Japanese: 百貨店・客船・鉄道・石鹸・ビールなど、当時の世相・風俗を今に伝える媒体としても興味深い。
English: Today, stylized drawings of beautiful women (beautiful girls) are overflowing as never before, but many of them are isolated from ukiyoe or bijinga of Japanese art.
Japanese: 現代ではかつてないくらい美女（美少女）を描いた様式化された絵が氾濫しているが、多くは浮世絵や日本画の美人画の様式とは隔絶している。
English: Of those, Seiichi HAYASHI and Yusuke NAKAMURA, among others, are named as popular illustrators who inherit the style of bijinga since ukiyoe.
Japanese: その中でも浮世絵以来の美人画の様式を引き継いでいる人気イラストレーターとして、林静一、中村佑介らがあげられる。
English: According to wind force classification, Wafu is a wind having a wind speed ranging from 5.5 to 7.9 m/s (13 to 18 mph).
Japanese: 風力において、和風（わふう）は風速5.5～7.9m/s、13～18mphである。
English: Wafu is a term used to represent inherent Japanese features and tastes in the fields of art, such as music, painting, and architecture, and culture, such as food, shelter, and clothing.
Japanese: 和風（わふう）は、音楽・美術・建築などの芸術や衣食住などの文化において「日本的」特色や味わいを形容する言葉。
English: Terms having a meaning similar to Wafu include Wayo, Washiki, 'Nihonshiki', 'Wafu teisuto', 'Nihon teisuto', etc.
Japanese: 類語には和様（わよう）、和式（わしき）、「日本式」、「和風テイスト」、「日本テイスト」などがある。
English: The term Wafu is sometimes accompanied by an adjective to express delicate differences, such as 'Jun-wafu (pure Wafu)' or 'Modan-wafu (modern Wafu).'
Japanese: 和風の中でも「純和風」や「モダン和風」と細かく区別して用いられることもある。
English: When the Chinese character '和' was introduced from China, it was originally a word used to express 'harmonization', 'peace', and 'balance.'
Japanese: 「和」は、中国から伝わったとき、もともと「調和」、「平和」、「均衡」を意味していた。
English: In terms of Japanese philosophy and culture, it has been a leading concept that has many slightly different meanings.
Japanese: 日本の哲学・文化においてはいくつもの微妙に異なる意味を持つ指導的概念であった。
English: In addition, 'Wa' represents Japan herself and things Japanese (for example, 'Washoku' which means Japanese style food) as well.
Japanese: 「和」は同時に日本そのものや日本的なるもの（例えば日本式食事を意味する「和食」など）をもあらわす。
English: From this point of view, Wa has been a highly emotional and/or political concept throughout the history of the 20th century.
Japanese: この意味で、20世紀の歴史を通して「和」は高度に感情的および/あるいは政治的概念であり続けている。
English: When a foreign item is introduced into Japan from abroad, exotic culture based on the item is established first.
Japanese: 日本に外国の影響が入ってきた場合、まずはそれに習った異国風の文化が花開く。
English: Styles and tastes under the influence of Asian continent culture are called 'Tofu (or Karafu)', 'Karayo', or 'Tenjikuyo.'
Japanese: 大陸の影響を受けた「唐風」（とうふう・からふう）、「唐様」（からよう）、「天竺様」(てんじくよう)
English: Prior to the Meiji Restoration, dances were clearly distinguished however after the term Buyo (Japanese dance) was created as a Japanese translation of the English 'dance,' the distinctions became vague.
Japanese: 明治以前は踊りとは、はっきりと区別されていたが、ダンスの和訳として舞踊という言葉ができ区別が意識されなくなった。
English: Mai is said to be classical kagura (shinto music and dance) with the addition of arts introduced from China and requires specialist techniques as compared with the dances (odori) originating from the common people.
Japanese: 古典的な神楽に、大陸からの渡来芸が加わったものとされ、民衆の中から生まれた踊りに較べて専門的技能を要するものである。
English: Therefore, mai dances have been handed down in a patriarchal way; however after the Meiji Restoration many were lost when their lines of succession were broken and now the remnants of this traditional art only remain as an element of Noh.
Japanese: このため世襲的に伝えられてきたものであるが、明治維新後禄を失ったことにより多くは絶えてしまい伝統芸能としては能の要素として残される程度である。
English: However, as well as the following mai dances which have been designated important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties, there are many mai dance traditions which have been handed down as folk performing arts (local performing arts), so we can see the remnants of mai dance traditions.
Japanese: しかし以下のものが重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている他、民俗芸能（郷土芸能）としてその伝統を引き継ぐものは多々あり、面影をしのぶことができる。
English: These are dances with the name of mai which are designated important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties and have a history from prior to the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている舞という名称のもので、室町時代以前からの歴史のあるもの。
English: Orikata is a term used to refer to techniques of folding a sheet of paper to wrap a gift, which is one aspect of Japanese etiquette and rules.
Japanese: 折形（おりかた）は、日本の礼儀作法の1つで、贈答品を包む紙の折り方に関する礼儀作法である。
English: In the Heian period, gifts started to be wrapped by a sheet of paper when they were presented, and various techniques to fold a sheet of paper were developed, such as Gomashio-zutsumi for Sekihan (Tinted rice with reddish color of azuki beans), Ko-zutsumi, Kane-zutsumi, Ogi-zutsumi, etc.
Japanese: 平安時代より贈答をする際には進物を紙で包むよううになり、赤飯に添えるごま塩包み、香包み、金包み、扇包み、のし包みなど、それぞれの紙の折り方が決められていた。
English: The royal court in the Heian period, the Kamakura shogunate, and the Muromachi shogunate each had a special gift-related section to study Orikata, as a result of which Orikata techniques, such as Ogasawara-reiho, were developed.
Japanese: 平安時代の朝廷には進物所が、鎌倉幕府には進物奉行・贈物奉行が、室町幕府には折紙方が設置されて、折形を研究し、小笠原礼式などの礼法が誕生した。
English: While the wrapping paper used for Orikata varied depending on the period and the school of technique, paper, such as Otakadanshi, Hoshoshi, Minoshi, Hanshi, etc., has been selectively used considering the appropriate level of formality.
Japanese: 時代や流儀によって折形は異なるが、包み紙には大高壇紙、奉書紙、美濃紙、半紙などを格式によって使い分けられてきた。
English: The pictures on the E-hoshoshi, which were originally drawn by hand, were starting to be mass-printed by wood-block printing techniques later, and the E-hoshoshi was developed into Komagami, Chiyogami, etc. in the Edo period.
Japanese: 肉筆で絵を描き添えていたが、後に木版刷りで量産されるようになり、江戸時代には小間紙、千代紙などに発展した。
English: Kushikatsu is a skewer dish with bite-sized meats and vegetables on the skewer breaded with flour, eggs and bread crumbs, which is deep-fried.
Japanese: 串カツ（くしカツ）は、小ぶりに切った肉や野菜などを串に刺して、小麦粉、溶いた鶏卵、パン粉の順に衣をまぶして揚げた料理。
English: Bite sized meat, sea food and vegetables are put on a skewer, one ingredient on one skewer, breaded and deep-fried.
Japanese: 小ぶりに切った肉や魚介類、野菜を個別に串に刺して衣をまぶして揚げた料理。
English: Kushikatsu is allegedly originated in Shin-Sekai (Osaka) in Naniwa Ward, Osaka City and its original style is to dip kushikatsu in a thinned Worcester sauce in a deep container made of stainless steel and so on.
Japanese: 大阪市浪速区の新世界(大阪)が発祥の地とされ、それをステンレスなどの深めの容器に入った薄いウスターソースにドブ浸けして食べるスタイルを興りとしている。
English: Downtown areas in the Kinki region, particularly in Osaka, kushikatsus are usually served at bars with no stools or, even if there are stools, at bars that have only counters, where the sauce in the containers are shared with other customers.
Japanese: 大阪を中心とする近畿地方の繁華街には立ち食いか、椅子があってもカウンター形式の店があり、ソースの入った器を隣同士の客が共用する。
English: Although it is getting rare recently because of consideration for hygiene, at some traditional kushikatsu bars, towels to wipe your hands with are hung from the ceilings.
Japanese: また、衛生上などの観点から現在では少なくなったが、古いスタイルの店舗では、手を拭くためのタオルが上から吊り下げられているところもある。
English: Another feature of kushikatsu bars is, in consideration for hygiene, they all have a sign that says, 'Dippng in the sauce twice is banned.'
Japanese: 衛生面の観点から「ソース2度浸けお断り」という張り紙がどの店にも張ってあるのも特徴である。
English: It is common that raw cabbages cut in square (free of charge) are served and they are eaten as refreshment during the meal.
Japanese: 角切りにした生のキャベツ（無料）が添えられているスタイルも多く、箸休めのように食べる。
English: For a customer who desperately wants to dip it in the sauce more than once, cabbages can be used to scoop the sauce.
Japanese: どうしてもソースを2度以上つけたい場合は、ソースをキャベツで掬って付けることも許されている。
English: Outside the Kinki region, in the Chukyo region including Nagoya City, if you order a kushikatsu at a bar that serves both kushikatsu and dote-ni (cow line meat stewed in miso, sugar and sake), the kushikatsu will be served dipped in the dote-ni broth flavored with hatcho miso (bean paste).
Japanese: 近畿地方以外では、名古屋市など中京地方でどて煮とともに串カツを供する店で頼めば、どて煮の八丁味噌の煮汁に串カツを浸けてくれる。
English: Some people believe that a misokatsu, one of the specialities of Nagoya originates from this style of eating kushikatsu dipped in the dote-ni broth.
Japanese: なお、どて煮の汁に串カツを浸けて食べるのが名古屋めしの一つである味噌カツの始まりとの説もある。
English: Recently, upscale restaurants are getting popular where various types of creative kushikatsu are served a la carte or in a course menu.
Japanese: 最近では、色々な創作串カツをお好みやコースのスタイルで供する高級化した店も流行している。
English: At these restaurants, in many cases the kushikatus are flavored with their own seasonings, such as different types of salts, tartar sauce, miso or sesami-based sauce as well as Worcester sauce.
Japanese: そうした店ではウスターソースだけでなく、各種の塩やタルタルソース、味噌、ゴマだれ等オリジナルの味付けがなされることも多い。
English: Such nouveau types of kushikatsu includes a type served as a fondu-style hot pot dish.
Japanese: フォンデュなど鍋料理のようなスタイルのセルフサービス式で飲食店が供する串カツもある。
English: In the Kanto region, kushikatsu refers to a skewer of pork sliced in three to four centimeters cubes and onions or green onions arranged alternately one by one, breaded and deep fried like a pork cutlet.
Japanese: 関東地方における串カツとは、豚肉を3～4cm角に切ったものと、タマネギもしくはネギを切ったものを交互に串に刺し、豚カツの要領でパン粉をまぶして揚げたものである。
English: Like pork cutlet, the kushikatsu is generally served with sliced cabbages with the sauce poured on top of it.
Japanese: 豚カツと同様、千切りキャベツと共に皿に盛られ、ソースも皿の上からかけるのが一般的である。
English: It is not common to deep-fry a skewer of only one ingredient, as in Kansai.
Japanese: また関西の串カツのような単独の素材を串に刺して揚げることは一般的ではない。
English: The deep-fried skewers of a single item, such as meat, vegetables, seafood, etc. are not called kushikatsu but usuallly called 'fried something' or 'fried skewer.'
Japanese: 肉や野菜、魚介類など単独の具を揚げたものは串カツとは呼ばず、通常は「～フライ」や「串揚げ」等と呼ばれる。
English: The O-tsunahiki of O-okuri-jinja Shrine is a tug-of-war festival held in Hioki, Yagi Town, Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 大送神社の大綱引き（おおおくりじんじゃのつなひき）とは、の綱引き祭。
English: This festival has been designated an intangible folk cultural property of the list of cultural properties designated and registered by Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府指定・登録文化財一覧無形民俗文化財無形民俗文化財に指定されている。
English: Saikyo miso is the common name for a whitish yellow sweet miso containing a high proportion of malted rice made mainly around the Kinki region; and the main characteristic of this miso is that while miso usually used for miso soup contains 12% salt, Saikyo miso contains only about 5% salt.
Japanese: 西京味噌（さいきょうみそ）は、近畿地方を中心として広く作られる米麹を多く配合した白黄色の甘口味噌の通称で、通常味噌汁用の味噌が12%前後の塩分であるのに対し5%前後と低いのが特徴である。
English: This miso is indispensable for making Ozoni (soup containing rice cakes, meat and vegetables) at New Year in the Kansai region and it is also processed into su-miso (miso with vinegar and soy sauce), dengaku miso (miso with sake, mirin and sugar) and ingredients for confectionary (miso matsukaze).
Japanese: 関西の正月の雑煮には欠かせない味噌であり、また酢味噌、田楽味噌、製菓材料（味噌松風など）などにも加工される。
English: Saikyo pickles made by pickling seasonal fish and meat in saikyo miso extended with mirin are widely enjoyed.
Japanese: 西京味噌をみりん等で伸ばして季節の魚介類や肉を漬け込む西京漬は広く親しまれている。
English: Jubako is a term used to refer to a box consisting of two to five stacked sub-boxes, in which food is stored.
Japanese: 重箱（じゅうばこ）とは、二重から五重に積み重ねられた、料理を入れる箱である。
English: Nowadays, Jubako are normally used to store Osechi-ryori on New Years' Day, or as a lunch box for cherry blossom viewing or sporting events, or as a container for Unaju (boxed rice and roast eel).
Japanese: 今日では主に、正月の御節料理、花見や運動会などの弁当、また、鰻重の容器に使われる。
English: The history of Jubako is considered to be rather long because the term 'Jubako' can be found in literature from the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 室町時代の文献の中に既に「重箱」の記述を見ることができるので、その歴史はかなり古いと考えられる。
English: Jubako became popular among ordinary people in the Edo period when their commercial production began in 1610.
Japanese: 一般庶民に普及したのは江戸時代（1610年）で、本格的に重箱が製造されてからである。
English: Recently, Jubako are not used as often as they used to be because containers (or lunch boxes) made of new materials, such as polypropylene, etc., are in widespread use.
Japanese: 最近は、ポリプロピレンなどの新素材による容器（いわゆる弁当箱）が普及し、目にする機会は次第に少なくなってきている。
English: Engawa is a term used to refer to a wooden-floored corridor built along the outside of the house building, which is a structure unique to Japanese traditional houses.
Japanese: 縁側（えんがわ）は、日本の日本の住宅に独特の構造で、家屋の建物の縁（へり）部分に張り出して設けられた板敷き状の通路である。
English: The function of Engawa is similar to those of verandas or porches in the case of Western architecture.
Japanese: 欧風建築では、ベランダ、ポーチといったものが意匠的には似通っている。
English: Through shoji (translucent paper screen), although you cannot see clearly, you can still feel the presence of people or scenery on the other side of the shoji in the dim light.
Japanese: 障子が、薄明かりの中でその向こうの人や風景を見えるような見えないような曖昧さの中に感じることが出来る。
English: In a similar manner, it is sometimes said that an ambiguous characteristic unique to Japanese houses, in which intention to clearly partition spaces is weak, can also be found in Engawa, which is not totally outside the building but not totally inside the building either.
Japanese: これと同じように、内でもなければ外でもないという縁側に、空間を仕切る意識が希薄な日本家屋空間独特の曖昧さの構造を見るという文化論も語られる。
English: Normally, Enzuka (short posts) are first disposed outside the building to stand up in a row, Engamachi (horizontal member) is then disposed to extend on the Enzuka, and En-ita (boards used to make the floor) are finally provided to extend between the edge of the house building and the Engamachi.
Japanese: 普通は土台に板かけをし、外側には、縁束を立て、縁かまちをわたして縁板が張られ固定される。
English: Because wood used for Nure-en needs to be relatively durable to corrosion by water and weathering, new housing materials, such as plywood or veneer boards, are not suitable.
Japanese: 濡縁の木材は、水による腐食や風化に比較的強いものである必要があり、合板やベニヤ板などの新建材は不向きである。
English: Although insecticides and antiseptics can be applied, it is necessary to check if those chemicals can be applied to places in which people lead daily lives.
Japanese: 防虫剤や、防腐剤を塗る場合もあるが、人が暮らす場所に塗布できるものかを考慮する必要がある。
English: Kure-en is Engawa built by adding Shitaya (small roof) and rain shutters outside the house building to make a space like a room between the interior and the exterior of the house.
Japanese: くれ縁は、母屋の外側に下屋を造りその下に雨戸を立てて外部と内部の中間に位置する部屋としたようなものである。
English: In many cases, Kure-en is not built on the base of the house building, but built on Engeta (circular or rectangular cross-section horizontal member) extending on posts which are placed on Tsukaishi (foundation stone) to stand up in accordance with the timber framework method.
Japanese: 多くは、基礎の上には造られず、柱を束石（礎石）の上にたて、その上に縁桁と呼ばれる丸太や方形木口の平行材を掛け、木造軸組工法をする。
English: As shutters, rain shutter doors and door pockets must be provided, or wood or metal sashes must be provided.
Japanese: 戸は、必ず雨戸と雨戸を収納する戸袋を設けるか、金属製か木製のサッシとする。
English: In Japan, Iemoto (the founder or current head master) of traditional arts, such as Noh, or martial arts, are also called Soke.
Japanese: 日本において、能楽などの伝統芸能や武術(日本)などで家元の言いかえとして用いられる称号。
English: The term Soke originated from Kanze-ryu (a school of Noh), where the Iemoto family was called Soke as compared to the family of Tetsunojo KANZE.
Japanese: もとは観世流で観世銕之丞家に対して家元家を宗家と呼んだところからおこったもの。
English: In some schools, Soke herself or himself teaches disciples directly, and in other schools, Soke leaves the educational activities to high ranking disciples.
Japanese: 流派により宗家自ら師範となる場合、弟子に門下生の指導を委ねる場合とがある。
English: In Japanese martial arts schools, the term Soke was not used before the Meiji period, and there were no Soke-like positions, which govern disciples nationwide.
Japanese: 日本の武術流派では、明治以前には宗家と言う言葉は使用されておらず、各地の門弟を統率するような存在は無かった。
English: At that time, when a disciple received from his or her master a license to teach, the disciple automatically received a privilege to issue his or her own license.
Japanese: 通常弟子が師匠から免許や指南免許等を得た時点で、独自に門弟を指導し、免許を発行する権利も与えられるのが普通であった。
English: In and after the Meiji period, many martial arts were organized nationwide, and masters of schools started to directly govern their disciples distributed nationwide.
Japanese: 明治以降は武術も全国組織化する事が多くなり、流派の師範が全国の門弟たちを統率できるようになった。
English: Although a family line constituted by a lineage of eldest sons was normally called Soke, a family line that was constituted by a lineage of eldest sons but was not allowed to govern the whole family for some reason was called Chakuke.
Japanese: いわゆる嫡流の家柄・家系を宗家というが、嫡流でありながら何らかの事情で一族を統率するいわゆる嫡宗権を失った血筋を嫡家といった。
English: In contrast, a family line that is not constituted by a lineage of eldest sons but is allowed to govern the whole family on behalf of the family line constituted by the eldest sons was called Soke or Honke.
Japanese: これに対して、庶家であっても嫡流に代わり一族の統率権を得た家系を宗家または本家といって区別した。
English: Tadanao MATSUDAIRA, the second lord of Echizen Domain, was exiled because he tried to kill his wife, who married from the Shogun family into the MATSUDAIRA family.
Japanese: 2代藩主松平忠直が将軍家より輿入れした正室に斬りかかり乱心として配流された。
English: After this Echigo-sodo (Echigo scandal), the Soke of the Echizen-MATSUDAIRA family was succeeded by Tadamasa MATSUDAIRA, Tadanao's younger brother, and Mitsunaga, Tadanao's eldest son, was respected as Chakuke but not allowed to govern the whole family.
Japanese: この越後騒動後、越前松平家の宗家は忠直の弟松平忠昌が継ぎ、嫡流で忠直の嫡男松平光長は嫡家と称されたが、嫡家は嫡宗権を持たず、相応の礼を賜るに留まったというものである。
English: Mono no aware (written as もののあわれ or 物の哀れ) is the key literary and aesthetic notion in the study of dynastic style literature in the Heian period.
Japanese: もののあはれ（もののあわれ、物の哀れ）とは、平安時代の王朝文学を知る上で重要な文学的・美的理念の一つ。
English: It is a profound mood or pathos occasionally provoked and inspired by what one sees or hears.
Japanese: 折に触れ、目に見、耳に聞くものごとに触発されて生ずる、しみじみとした情趣や哀愁。
English: It is an inenarrable heartfelt 'touching (aware)' feeling experienced on encountering things (mono) remote from daily life.
Japanese: 日常からかけ離れた物事（＝もの）に出会った時に生ずる、心の底から「ああ（＝あはれ）」と思う何とも言いがたい感情。
English: Mono no aware was proposed by Norinaga MOTOORI, a scholar specialized in the Japanese classical literature who lived during the Edo period, in his treatise titled "Genji Monogatari Tama no Ogushi" (Jeweled Comb of The tale of Genji), in which he argued that mono no aware culminated in "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji).
Japanese: 江戸時代の国学者本居宣長が自著『源氏物語玉の小櫛』において提唱し、その頂点が『源氏物語』であるとした。
English: In the Edo period, the notion of 'kanzen choaku' (rewarding good and punishing evil), which originated from Confucianism and was protected and encouraged by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), prevailed.
Japanese: 江戸時代には、幕府の保護、奨励した儒教から生まれた「勧善懲悪」の概念が浸透した。
English: During the period, the literature in the Heian period was argued and explained from the standpoint of kanzen choaku.
Japanese: 過去の平安時代の文学に対しても、その概念を前提にして議論され語られた時期があった。
English: It is made by heating mokuro (Japan tallow) extracted from sumac nuts to melt, manually pouring it around a wick made of washi Japanese paper or rush, and standing the product to dry.
Japanese: ハゼノキの実から搾り取った木蝋などを加熱して熔かしたものを、和紙およびイグサのから作った芯（灯心）の周りに手でかけ、乾燥させて作る。
English: Some prefer the changes in the way warosoku burns, with flaring varied by the wick condition.
Japanese: また、芯の状態によって炎の揺らぎ方が異なり、その燃え方の表情の変化を好む人もいる。
English: "The Chemical History of a Candle" by Michael FARADAY recounts an episode of FARADAY delivering a lecture amazedly on the ventilation system of warosoku wicks.
Japanese: マイケル・ファラデーの『ロウソクの科学』では、和蝋燭の芯の換気構造をファラデーが驚きを持って聴衆に語るエピソードがある。
English: Because of its intricate manufacturing process, warosoku is more expensive than western candles and usually sold at butsugu (Buddhist altar fittings) stores.
Japanese: 洋蝋燭より作成に手間がかかるため高価であり、一般には仏具専門店にて販売される。
English: In western Japan where kinpaku butsudans (Buddhist altar heavily lacquered using gold-leaf or gold lacquering) are common, warosoku is preferred because the carbon content in its smoke is lower than that of western candles and therefore warosoku is less likely to stain the gold leaf.
Japanese: 西日本では金箔仏壇を使用する例が多いが、和蝋燭の煙に含まれるカーボンが洋蝋燭に比べ少ないので、金箔を汚しにくいためである。
English: On the occasion of the Dolls' Festival on March 3, dolls made of cloths are hung at the tip of a string.
Japanese: 雛祭りの際に、糸の先に布製の人形などを吊るしてひな人形とともに飾る。
English: Tsurushi kazari sometimes refers to interior decorations using origami paper crafts or beads hung at the tip of a string.
Japanese: インテリアとして、折り紙やビーズを糸の先につけて飾った物を吊るし飾りと呼ぶ場合もある。
English: Sagemon, or something to be hung, of Yanagawa City in Fukuoka Prefecture, Hina no tsurushi kazari of Inatori district, Higashi Izu-cho in Shizuoka Prefecture, and Kasafuku of Sakata City in Yamagata Prefecture are called Japan's great three art crafts.
Japanese: 福岡県柳川市のさげもん、静岡県東伊豆町稲取地区の雛のつるし飾り、山形県酒田市）の傘福を称して日本三大手芸とすることがある。
English: From March 1 through April 3 on the lunar calendar, 'Sagemon tour' is convened and sagemons decorate each household.
Japanese: 旧暦3月1日から4月3日にかけて「さげもんめぐり」が開催され、各戸に飾られる。
English: Both sides of the tiered stand for hina dolls are decorated with one set of two rings of bamboo sticks wrapped with crepes, with each of seven strings hanging seven cloth dolls (49 dolls in total) and two Yanagawa mari balls in the centers of the rings.
Japanese: 竹ひごに縮緬を巻いて作った輪に糸を7本掛け、各々に7個（計49個）布製の人形を吊るし、中央に柳川鞠を2個配したものを2組1セットとして雛壇の両側に飾る。
English: A small size sagemon generally uses five strings, 25 dolls (or 55 dolls in total) and one mari ball.
Japanese: 小型の物は、糸5本、人形25体（55体）、鞠1個が標準となっている。
English: Since Hina no tsurushi kazari used to be burned in the don don yaki (a Shinto blessing of objects after a daughter comes to age), old ones do not exist and the oldest one is said to be a hundred years old or so.
Japanese: 雛のつるし飾りは、娘の成人後にどんど焼きにくべる習慣があったため、古い物は残っておらず、最古の物は100年程度前の物と言われている。
English: It became out of fashion and obsolete after the World War Two but it revived in the Heisei period starting in 1989, mainly thanks to the effort of Inatori Ladies' Club.
Japanese: 戦後、一時期廃れたが、平成に入って稲取婦人会が中心となって復興した。
English: Both sides of the tiered stand for hina dolls are decorated with one set of two rings of bamboo sticks wrapped with crepes, with each of five strings hanging eleven cloth dolls (55 dolls in total).
Japanese: 竹ひごに縮緬を巻いて作った輪に糸を5本掛け、各々に11個（計55個）布製の人形を吊るしたものを2組1セットとして雛壇の両側に飾る。
English: Hatsu hinode refers to the appearance of the celestial object on January 1 (ganjitsu) (when the sun rises from the horizon or sea horizon).
Japanese: 初日の出（はつひので）とは、1月1日（元日）の天体の出没（太陽が水平線や地平線から姿を現す様）のこと。
English: In Japan it is celebrated as the first crack of dawn once a year and lots of people visit to see the hatsu hinode.
Japanese: 日本では一年に一度の最初の夜明けとしてめでたいとされ、初日の出参りを行う人は数多くいる。
English: It originated from shihohai (Prayer to the Four Quarters, Japanese imperial New Year's ceremony), spread across ordinary people as a present form and came to be the custom where people pray to hatsu hinode.
Japanese: 四方拝という天皇の元旦の儀式が始まりで、それが庶民の間に現在の形で広まり、初日の出を拝むという習慣になった。