nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Kamameshi is a rice dish cooked in an individual pot, seasoned with soy sauce and mirin (sweet sake) with ingredients such as shiitake mushrooms and chicken on top.
Japanese: 釜飯（かまめし）は、米に醤油、みりん等の調味料を加え、その上にシイタケ、鶏肉などの具を載せ、一人用の釜で炊いた飯料理である。
English: It is a kind of takikomi-gohan (rice cooked with various ingredients) and is characteristically, like a casserole, served as a pot on the dining table instead of as a bowl with rice from the pot.
Japanese: 一種の炊き込みご飯であるが、釜から食器椀によそうのではなく、釜のまま食卓に供することに特徴がある。
English: Regarding types of kama (a cooking pot for rice), besides iron pots of hagama style (old type of pot for a hearth) as shown in the picture, earthware pots like Mashiko-yaki or Koda-yaki are also often used.
Japanese: 釜の種類としては、写真にあるような羽釜式の鉄釜の他に、土鍋型の陶器の益子焼、高田焼もよく用いられる。
English: After lunch, the empty containers can be utilized in the home kitchen (it is convenient to cook a small amount of rice porridge).
Japanese: 食べ終わった後の容器を家庭に持ち帰って利用することもできる（少量の粥などを調理するのに便利）。
English: In old times, in the Usuitoge Line, all the passenger train were stopped for a long time at the station because attachment and release of the bank engine were operated there (see Usui Toge Railway).
Japanese: 以前は補助機関車の連結・解結のため全ての旅客列車が長時間停車していた（碓氷峠鉄道参照）。
English: Because of such unique circumstance of the train station, Kamameshi ekiben of Yokogawa Station, Shinetsu Main Line (Gunma Prefecture) was popular.
Japanese: そのような鉄道駅自体の特殊性があったため、信越本線横川駅(群馬県)の釜飯駅弁が有名であった。
English: Sansai-tori (wild vegetables and chicken) kamameshi, Yama no fumoto no tori kamameshi (chicken Kamameshi served at the foothill), Sumibiyaki jidori (grilled local chicken) kamameshi, awabi (abalone) kamameshi
Japanese: -山菜鶏釜めし、山のふもとのとり釜めし、炭火焼地鶏釜めし、アワビの釜飯
English: "Aotozoshi hanano nishikie" refers to 'Shiranami-mono' (stage works with thieves and lowlifes) of Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) which was performed at Ichimura-za Theater in 1862 for the first time, and written by Shinshichi KAWATAKE the second (later Mokuami KAWATAKE).
Japanese: 『青砥稿花紅彩画』（あおとぞうしはなのにしきえ）は、文久二年（1862年）に市村座で初演された、二代目河竹新七（後の河竹黙阿弥）作の歌舞伎の「白浪物」。
English: It is commonly called "Shiranami Gonin Otoko" (The Five Shiranami Men), "Bentenmusume Meono Shiranami," "Otonikiku Bentenkozo" and so on.
Japanese: 通称に『白浪五人男』（しらなみごにんおとこ）、『弁天娘女男白浪』（べんてんむすめめおのしらなみ）、『音菊弁天小僧』（おとにきくべんてんこぞう）などがある。
English: This play shows activities of outstanding thieves in Japan, 'Shiranami Gonin Otoko,' who were comparable to Goemon ISHIKAWA and Nezumi Kozo (a famous robber in Edo city).
Japanese: 石川五右衛門、鼠小僧と並ぶ日本屈指の盗賊「白浪五人男」の活躍を描く。
English: The autobiography of Kikugoro mentioned that a man involved in play whose name was Naosuke visited Kikugoro to show nishiki-e (a color woodblock print) drawn by Kunisada UTAGAWA which showed that Kikugoro himself was disguised as Bentenkozo stick a bare sword into a floor and drank sake, and Kikugoro immediately asked Shinshichi KAWATAKE to adapt it.
Japanese: 菊五郎の自伝によれば、芝居の関係者の直助と言う男が、歌川国貞画の錦絵を見せに来たら、自分自身が弁天小僧の扮装で抜き身の刀を床に突き刺して酒を飲む絵柄だったので、早速河竹新七に脚色を依頼したとある。
English: Another theory mentions that Shinshichi hit on an idea when he saw a beautiful young man wearing Japanese kimono for women at Ryogokubashi one day, Toyokuni who heard of it from Shinichi drew it as nishiki-e, and Shinichi dramatized it based on the nishiki-e.
Japanese: 別の説では、ある日新七が両国橋で女物の着物を着た美青年を見かけてみてふと思いつき、そのことを豊国に話すと、豊国はそれを錦絵にして、さらに新七がそれをもとに劇化したという。
English: Talking' which was an advertising statement of play had a phrase meaning that 'this was a story about chivalrous robber which was shaped into Kabuki as shown in Toyokuni's preliminary sketch.
Japanese: 劇の宣伝文である「語り」には「豐國漫畫姿其儘歌舞伎仕組義賊傳」（大意：豊国の下絵に描かれた姿をそのまま歌舞伎に仕立て上げた義賊伝である）とある。
English: Bentenkozo was performed by Kikugoro ONOE the sixth, a biological child of the fifth, and Uzaemon ICHIMURA the 15th before the war, and by Kanzaburo NAKAMURA the 13th and Baiko ONOE the seventh after the war.
Japanese: 弁天小僧は、戦前は五代目の実子の六代目尾上菊五郎、十五代目市村羽左衛門、戦後は十七代目中村勘三郎、七代目尾上梅幸が演じた。
English: At present, its role is succeeded to by Kikugoro ONOE the seventh, a great-grandchild of the fifth, Kikunosuke ONOE the fifth, a son of Kikugoro ONOE the seventh, Kanzaburo NAKAMURA the 18th and so on.
Japanese: そして現在は、五代目の曾孫の七代目尾上菊五郎、さらにその子の五代目尾上菊之助、ほかに十八代目中村勘三郎らに受け継がれている。
English: Famous scenes are that a beautiful man dressed as a woman, Bentenkozo Kikugoro, made a speech (declaring that he was a man and showing a tattoo) in Scene One (Yukinoshita Hamamatsuya) of Act Two, and that Goninotoko (five men) who put up their bangasa (coarse oilpaper umbrella) with the letters of 'Shi-ra-na-mi' (志らなみ in Japanese) left undyed, and pretended to be otokodate (ones who seek to right wrongs) made a speech in Scene Three (Inasegawa seizoroi) of Act Two.
Japanese: 二幕目第一場（雪の下浜松屋の場）での女装の美男子、弁天小僧菊之助の名乗り（男であることを明かして彫り物を見せつける）、二幕目第三場「稲瀬川勢揃いの場」では「志らなみ」の字を染め抜いた番傘を差して男伊達の扮装に身を包んだ五人男の名乗りが名高い。
English: The beauty of form is concentrated in the scene that each man makes Mie (a pose) while saying 'watarizerifu' (dialogue passed along), and makes a speech using rhythmical 'tsurane' (range) in shichigo-cho (seven-and-five syllable meter rhythm) commanding engo (associated words) and kakekotoba (pivot words).
Japanese: 一人ずつ「渡り台詞」で見得を切り、縁語や掛詞を駆使した七五調のリズミカルな「連ね」で名乗る姿には歌舞伎の様式美が凝縮されている。
English: This form comes down even to hero series for children under the theme of 'squadron' including "Himitsu Sentai Gorenja" (Secret Squad Five Rangers) in far-distant future generations.
Japanese: この様式ははるか後世の『秘密戦隊ゴレンジャー』を初めとする子供向け「戦隊もの」のヒーロー番組にまで受け継がれている。
English: Another eye-catching scene is 'gando gaeshi' (to pivot one large piece of scenery onto its side so as to reveal a different one) performed from a scene of Bentenkozo Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) in Scene One (scene of Gokurakuji yane tachibara) to a scene of appearance of Daemon in Scene Two (scene of Gokurakuji sanmon) of Ozume (final act).
Japanese: 大詰第一場（極楽寺屋根立腹の場）の弁天小僧切腹から第二場（極楽寺山門の場）の駄右衛門登場に至る「強盗返」も目を惹く。
English: Having also had scenes made by providing 'haiku or other techniques' to famous scenes in popular kabuki kyogen plays such as "Karigane Gonin Otoko" (Five gans of Karigane, the head), "Shin Usuyuki Monogatari" (The Tale of Usuyuki), "Sanmon Gosan No Kiri" (The Temple Gate and the Paulownia Crest) and so on, this play was a witty masterpiece by a writer, Mokuami, who changed those into whole new plays.
Japanese: 歌舞伎の人気狂言『雁金五人男』『新薄雪物語』『楼門五三桐』などの有名な場面を「俳句その他の技法」した場面も見られ、それをまったく新しい作品に作り変えた作者黙阿弥の機知に富む傑作。
English: It is known that Shiranami Gonin Otoko was modeled on a real or unreal character, respectively.
Japanese: 白浪五人男にはそれぞれモデルとなった実在・架空の人物がいることが知られている。
English: There is no doubt that Kikugoro the fifth himself was reflected in the name and appearance.
Japanese: その名や容姿には五代目菊五郎その人が反映されていることはいうまでもない。
English: Character setting: Person who worked under Daemon NIPPON and committed blackmail and a theft after deceiving Senju Hime and causing her to thrown herself into the water.
Japanese: 人物設定：千寿姫を騙し身投げさせた後、日本駄右衛門の手下となり、女装して恐喝と窃盗を働く。
English: Model: Gonpachi SHIRAI who was a real and beautiful boy thief before genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age), and who was also used as a subject of "Sonokouta Yumemo Yoshiwara" and "Suzugamori."
Japanese: モデル：『其小唄夢廊』や『鈴ケ森』の題材にもなっている、実在した前髪立ちの美少年盗賊・白井権八。
English: A character that he was a son of boat owner and an irrepressible villain has been actually handed down in the Shonan Area, and his memorial tower exists in precincts of Saiun-ji Temple in Nango, Chigasaki City.
Japanese: 湘南には実際に当地の舟持ちのせがれで手に負えないほどの悪党だったという人物の伝承があり、その供養塔が茅ヶ崎市南湖の西運寺境内にある。
English: Character setting: Person who fought with Tadanobu Rihei using a blade in order to steal his money (which had been originally offered before butsuzen (before the Buddha or a mortuary tablet) of SHIDA no Kotaro, bride elect of Senju Hime, and had been stolen by Akaboshi Juzaburo).
Japanese: 人物設定：忠信利平の金（元は千寿姫の許嫁・信田小太郎の仏前に備えられた金を赤星十三郎が盗んだもの）を奪おうと斬りあう。
English: Hama no masago to goemon ga, uta ni nokoseshi nusutto no, tane wa tsukinee shichirigahama, sono shiranami no yobataraki, izen o iyaa enoshimade, nenkizutome no chigogafuchi (As Goemon ISHIKAWA's death poem says, there are innumerable thieves in this world like sand of Shichirigahama beach, and I am one of the thefts who once was a page boy working as apprentice at Enoshima Island.)
Japanese: 浜の真砂と石川五右衛門が、歌に残せし盗人の、種は尽きねえ七里ヶ浜、その白浪の夜働き、以前を言やあ江ノ島で、年季勤めの稚児ヶ淵、
English: edo no hyakumiko no makisen o, ate ni kozara no ichimonji, hyaku ga nihyaku to saisen no, kusune zeni see dandan ni (I gambled counting on offertories of hyakumiko (a gathering in which believers offer 100 kinds of food to the temple) in Edo, and the money I stole became more and more.)
Japanese: 江戸の百味講の蒔銭を、当てに小皿の一文字、百が二百と賽銭の、くすね銭せえだんだんに、
English: akuji wa noboru kaminomiya, iwamotoin de koju no, makurasagashi mo tabikasanari, otenagako to fudatsuki ni, toto shima o oidasare, sorekara wakashu no tsutsumotase, koko ya kashiko no terajima de (My crimes were getting serious, and I often committed bedroom theft; at last I was driven away from the Island because of my stealing, so pulled badger games at various temples.)
Japanese: 悪事はのぼる上の宮、岩本院で講中の、枕捜しも度重なり、お手長講と札付きに、とうとう島を追い出され、それから若衆の美人局、ここやかしこの寺島で、
English: komimi ni kiita tottsuan no, ninu kowairo de koyusuri katari, na sae yukari no Bentenkozo Kikunosuke taa ore ga koto da (It is me, Benten kozo kikunosuke, who blackmailed people with awkward impression of my grandfather's voice, whose name is related to mine.)
Japanese: 小耳に聞いた祖父さんの、似ぬ声色で小ゆすりかたり、名せえ由縁の弁天小僧菊之助たあ、俺がことだ。
English: Shiranami' refers to a thief, and is a pun for each word of 'yobataraki,' 'shiranai' and 'shichirigahama.'
Japanese: 「白浪」は盗賊を意味するが、これが「夜働き」「知らない」「七里ヶ浜」の各語に掛かっている。
English: The term 'terajima' referring to 'a temple in an island' is a pun for 'Kiyoshi TERASHIMA,' real name of Kikugoro the fifth, the term 'tottsuan' is a pun for 'Kikugoro ONOE the third' who was a grandfather of Kikugoro the fifth and was reputed to be a great actor in the Bunka Bunsei period, and the phrase 'na sae yukari' is a pun for 'Kikunosuke ONOE' who was a second son of Kikugoro the fifth.
Japanese: 「寺島」は五代目菊五郎の本名「寺島清」を「島の中にある寺」に、「祖父さん」は五代目菊五郎の祖父にあたる化政期に名優と謳われた「尾上菊五郎_(3代目)」に、「名せえ由縁」は五代目菊五郎の次男が「尾上菊之助」であることにそれぞれ掛けている。これが「くすぐり伝統芸能のくすぐり」である。
English: Kurogo are persons who appear on the stage wearing black clothes and a black hood, and there are two types of kurogo as below.
Japanese: 黒衣は、歌舞伎で黒装束・黒頭巾を着用して舞台上に現れる人物で、以下の二通りが存在する。
English: However, they are treated as characters when they appear in modern plays or comics because of their peculiar role based on a tradition of Kabuki.
Japanese: また、歌舞伎以来の伝統を下敷きに、その特異な存在感をかわれ現代劇や漫画に登場することもあるが、その場合は登場人物として扱われることが多い。
English: Kurogo also manipulate a butterfly or a bird on the end of a metal stick or a stuffed animal.
Japanese: また、差金の先につけた蝶や鳥、ぬいぐるみの動物を操作することもある。
English: Kurogo dress in other colors, and they become namigo dressed in blue when the scene is in the sea or on the shore while they become yukigo dressed in white in the scene of snow.
Japanese: 黒衣には色違いの装束があり、海や水辺の場面には青装束の波衣（なみご）、雪の場面には白装束の雪衣（ゆきご）となる。
English: The word, kurogo, has the extended meaning that 'a person who is treated as 'non-existence' although he is on the stage by "tacit understanding" between audiences and actors' or 'a backroom person who is unidentified publicly.'
Japanese: 上記の歌舞伎での意味から転じ、「実際にはそこに居るのだが、観客・演者たちの“暗黙の了解”として劇中では『居ないもの』として扱われる存在」・あるいは「表には名前や顔を出さない裏方」といった意味で使われる。
English: In Kabuki, there is a character who wears a black costume but play an active role on the stage.
Japanese: また、歌舞伎での黒衣の衣装を纏い、裏方ならぬ堂々と活動するキャラクターとして描かれる場合もある。
English: Having followed firsthand the tradition and techniques of soboshu (僧坊酒: sake brewed in large temples) brewing, Nara-ryu became the origin of various sake-brewing schools which developed in the Edo period.
Japanese: 僧坊酒の伝統や技法を直接に受け継ぎ、江戸時代の諸流派の源となった流派。
English: Soboshu made in the large temples located in the Provinces of Yamato and Kawachi was the predominant kind of sake in the medieval Japan.
Japanese: 中世の日本においては、大和国や河内国の大寺院が造る僧坊酒が日本の酒の中心であった。
English: However, the power of those temples declined greatly in the Warring States period by the attack of various warlords including Nobunaga ODA
Japanese: しかし、戦国時代(日本)に織田信長はじめ武将たちの攻撃を受けて寺院勢力は大きく衰えた。
English: At the same time, the sake brewing facilities having been evolved in those temples were destroyed and the sake brewing techniques also developed there were scattered.
Japanese: 同時にその中で培われてきた醸造設備は破壊され、技術も散逸していった。
English: It was the breweries in Nara who inherited these techniques directly, and their style of sake-making is called Nara-ryu.
Japanese: それを直接受け継いだのが奈良の造り酒屋たちであり、彼らの製法・技法を奈良流と称する。
English: Nara style sake brewing is the origin of all the sake brewing schools including Sessen-juni-go (the twelve sake brewing districts in the provinces of Settsu and Izumi) where Kudari-zake (sake shipped from Kyoto and Osaka to Edo) was produced in the Edo period such as Itami-zake (sake brewed in the present Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture), Konoike-style, Kohama-style and Ikeda-style, and Nada-gogo (the five sake-producing areas in the present cities of Nishinomiya and Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture) which prospered in the later Edo period based on the technological innovation.
Japanese: 江戸時代に下り酒を生産する摂泉十二郷の伊丹酒、鴻池流、小浜流、池田流など、あるいはそこからさらに技術革新し江戸後期に栄える灘五郷など、すべての流派はこの奈良流を源流とする。
English: Nara-ryu itself, however, did not commercially succeed because Itami-zake came to be produced in a large volume through the development of mass production technology and also because Nara was located inconveniently to Edo, the then greatest market for sake.
Japanese: しかし伊丹で奈良流に改良が加えられ伊丹酒大量生産方式が確立されたことや、奈良が地理的に大消費地である江戸への輸送に適していなかったことなどから、奈良流そのものは商業的に隆盛することはなかった。
English: Sempuku is a sake brand produced by MIYAKEHONTEN, a sake brewer in Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 千福（せんぷく）とは、広島県呉市の酒造メーカー、株式会社三宅本店によって造られている日本酒の銘柄である。
English: Sempuku' became its leader product and was catapulted into fame by a commercial song 'Gurasu wo Nozoku Furamingo' with a phrase 'what about a cup of Sempuku,' written by Hachiro SATO, composed by Taku IZUMI and sung by Dark Ducks (Naomi SAGARA sang at the beginning).
Japanese: その後、「千福」が主力商品になり、サトウハチロー作詞、いずみたく作曲、ダークダックスが歌うコマーシャルソング「グラスをのぞくフラミンゴ」（「千福一杯いかがです」のフレーズ）で一躍有名になった（当初は佐良直美が歌っていた）。
English: From 1975 to 1978, it became a sponsor of all the broadcasting of the Japan Series held at Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium (Kansai Telecasting Corporation, Fuji Network System) and the commercial song was played between innings (the words of the third verses were used and the title was changed to 'Sempuku to Shirokuma' [literally, Sempuku and a polar bear]).
Japanese: 1975年～1978年には、阪急西宮スタジアム開催分の日本選手権シリーズ中継（全て関西テレビ放送製作・フジネットワーク）の全試合のスポンサーにつき、イニングの合間等に前述のCMソング使用のコマーシャルメッセージが流された（但し3番の歌詞であり、「センプクと白くま」と改題されている）。
English: There are a lot of Orix Buffaloes fans at the time who remember the lyrical CM of 'Sempuku' burned into their brains with the brave figures of Braves players such as Yutaka FUKUMOTO and Hisashi YAMADA and the CM becomes legendary now.
Japanese: このため、当時のオリックス・バファローズファンには、福本豊、山田久志らブレーブス戦士の勇姿と共に、叙情的な「千福」CMが脳裏に焼きついているファンも数多くおり、現在でも語り草となっている。
English: Kyogi Karuta is a game using the karuta (Japanese card game) of Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred poems by one hundred poets) and played by the rule established by All-Japan Karuta Association.
Japanese: 競技かるた（きょうぎかるた）とは、百人一首を用いて、社団法人全日本かるた協会が定めた規則に則って行う競技である。
English: In recent years, it is played as a mind sports rather than a general image of a cultural activity or a traditional culture, as it is played in a style of T-shirt and jeans and it requires instant response and good memory.
Japanese: 一般的なイメージである文化活動や伝統文化という側面よりも、近年はTシャツにジャージで行うスタイルや、瞬発力・記憶力が必要とされることからマインドスポーツとして取り組まれている。
English: On the other hand, All-Japan Karuta Association obliged the players of certain tournaments to wear kimono.
Japanese: しかしその一方で、全日本かるた協会が一部の大会で和装の義務化を行った。
English: There are concerns that the obligation keep beginners away and other players also cannot enjoy the game casually, and some people are dissenting from the new rule.
Japanese: このことで、競技者の間から初心者の敷居が高くなってしまう、気軽に楽しめなくなってしまうなどの懸念があり、反対の声がある。
English: The player population is not grasped accurately even by the association, and presently it is said to be 1 million to 2 million people.
Japanese: 競技人口は正確には協会も把握しておらず、現在のところ100万～200万人といわれている。
English: In every January the championship of Meijin-sen (literally, 'master tournament') for male players and the championship of Queen-sen for female players are held at Omi-jingu Shrine in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, and the games are broadcasted by NHK.
Japanese: 毎年1月には、滋賀県大津市の近江神宮において、日本一を争う男性部門の名人戦と、女性部門のクイーン戦の決勝が行われ日本放送協会で放送されている。
English: While cards are in upside down position, both player takes 25 cards each and set out these cards on their own territory in 3 layers.
Japanese: その50枚を裏返した状態で25枚ずつ取り、それを自分の陣地(自陣)の畳に3段に分けて並べる。
English: After that, within 15 minutes set as the memorizing time, the players memorize the location of 50 cards on their own territories and on the opponent's territories, after that the game starts.
Japanese: その後15分間の暗記時間が設けられ、その間に自陣・敵陣の50枚の位置を暗記した後、競技が開始される。
English: This has become a formality based on the moral principle of Karuta, which is Karuta start with courtesy and end with courtesy.
Japanese: これはかるたは礼に始まって礼に終わるというかるた道の精神によって、定式化されている。
English: In any cases that the player touches a card of own territory or of the opponent's territory while a kara-fuda is read, or that the player touches a card of own territory while a right card (matching to the yomi-fuda) is on the opponent's territory, or that the player touches a card of the opponent's territory while a right card is on own territory, the player is called 'otetsuki' (touching a wrong card, a kind of penalty); when players touch cards of the wrong side on impact of touching cards of the right side, the player is not called otetsuki.
Japanese: お手つきは、空札が詠まれているのにも関わらず、自陣または敵陣のいずれかの札に触った場合や、詠み札が自陣(敵陣)にあるのにも関わらず、敵陣(自陣)の札を触ってしまった場合である(自陣(敵陣)の札に触れた際勢いがついて札が敵陣(自陣)の札を動かした場合はお手つきにはならない)。
English: However, even if the player touches a wrong card, the card is in the right territory in where the right card is, the player is not called otetsuki.
Japanese: ただし自陣(敵陣)にある札が詠まれた場合、その陣の中にある別の札を触ったとしてもお手つきにはならない。
English: If a player counted for otetsuki, one card on opponent side is transferred to the player's side.
Japanese: 自分がお手つきをした場合は、相手から1枚札を自分に送られることになる。
English: If a player gets a card on own side, the card is eliminated, and if a player gets a card on opponent side, the player can choose one card from any card on own side to send to opponent side, which means 1 card is eliminated from own side.
Japanese: 自陣にある札をとった場合、その札が1枚減り、敵陣にある札をとった場合、自陣の札の好きな札を敵陣に送ることで自陣の札が1枚減る。
English: Continuing above, a player who eliminated all 25 cards from the own side first is the winner, and the game finishes.
Japanese: これを繰り返し、自陣の25枚の札がすべてなくなった時点でなくなった陣のほうを勝者とし、競技は終了する。
English: Joka (waka [Japanese poem] which is read first) set by All-Japan Karuta Association is, generally, 'in Naniwa-zu (Naniwa Port) this flower has bloomed; after the winter sleep, this flower has bloomed enjoying the coming of spring.'
Japanese: 尚、全日本かるた協会が定める競技の最初に読まれる歌（序歌）は一般には「難波津に咲くやこの花冬ごもり今を春べと咲くやこの花」である。
English: If a player wins through a tournament, the player has to repeat several games (maximum of 5 to 7 games), therefore the player is required to be tough and for that it is not easy to participate in it casually.
Japanese: 大会で勝ち進むとこれを何試合も繰り返す(最大５～７試合)のでタフさが求められるため、敷居の低い競技ではない。
English: In High School Tournament, number of cards is limited to reduce the time.
Japanese: また、高校選手権では時間短縮のため枚数が制限されるようになっている。
English: Although there are the rules for the tournaments, it cannot be believed that the players read them and understand them.
Japanese: 一応大会競技規定は存在するが、競技者がそれを読み、理解しているとは言いがたい。
English: The rule contains many unclear points, for example, tomo otetsuki (unavoidable otetsuki that caused by touching opponent hand) is interpreted differently depending on players, or even some players do not know the rule.
Japanese: そのルールも曖昧な点が多く、例えば共お手つき（相手と手が接触し、自らの意思に拠らず不可抗力でお手つきが発生すること）などの解釈は人によって違うどころか、知らない競技者も存在する。
English: It is the serious issue that the rule lacks a standard even though national tournaments are held.
Japanese: 全国大会が行われているにもかかわらずルールに統一性が欠けているのは大きな問題といえる。
English: Generally, Kyogi Karuta is played without a referee attending to each game; therefore players must judge themselves even if a difficult situation arises (self-judgment).
Japanese: 競技かるたは基本的に一組に1人の審判がつかない状態で行われるため、微妙な判定も競技者で判断しなければならない(セルフジャッジ)。
English: It often causes troubles, as it is hard to yield to the opponent in a discussion at the timing that may influences the game greatly, and as usually both players do not understand the rule of Kyogi Karuta that already lacks a standard.
Japanese: 試合を大きく左右するタイミングでの議論は互いに譲りにくい、ルールに統一性が欠ける上にお互いが競技かるたのルールを熟知していない、などの理由で揉めることが多い。
English: There are some tendencies that a player fastens a quarrel first always carries his point or that a tougher one's claim is admitted, therefore, not all the arguments during the games end with right outcomes.
Japanese: 議論をふっかけた者勝ち、気の強い者勝ちという風潮が強く、試合の議論で正しい結論が導かれるとは限らない。
English: Many people claims that Kyogi Karuta is a sport, however it is rare for a game format sport to not have more than one referee attending to a game.
Japanese: 競技かるたをスポーツだと言う人間は多いが、1つの試合に1人以上の審判がつかない対戦形式のスポーツは稀有である。
English: During the games many arguments lacking sense of propriety arise, even though Kyogi Karuta greatly emphasizes propriety including the bows before the game; this fact should not be ignored.
Japanese: 試合前に礼を行うなど、礼を重視しているにもかかわらず、礼節を欠いた議論が多いことは目を背けてはならない事実だろう。
English: Domoshuzoki is a representative technical book on sake brewing in Japan, which was written in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 童蒙酒造記（どうもうしゅぞうき）とは、江戸時代初期に書かれた日本で代表的な醸造技術書。
English: Among same kind of books in existence, this is the best of the Edo period both in quality and quantity.
Japanese: 現存する同類の書物の中では、江戸時代を通じて質、量ともに最高の内容を誇る。
English: Domo' means 'children and fools,' which gives us an image of the writer as a maniac like 'a demon of sake brewing' because of the fulsome condescension that he put such a word at the beginning of the title.
Japanese: 「童蒙」とは、「子どもや馬鹿者」といった意味だが、そんな言葉をわざわざタイトルの頭につけたとなると、今ならちょっと鼻につくそのような謙遜から、著者の一種マニアックな「酒造りの鬼」と化した姿がうかがわれる。
English: However, due to the detailed analysis of the prices of rice and sake in 1686, it is certain that it was written after 1686 and also because the year was probably not particular for rice cropping, it is not logical that it was written long after the year.
Japanese: しかし貞享3年（1686年）における米や酒の価格が詳しく分析されていることから、それより後であることは確かであり、かつまた、同年が米作という面でそれほど特殊な年であったとも思われないので、はるか後代になってから書かれるにしては必然性がない。
English: Therefore, it is assumed so far that it was established in 1687.
Japanese: このような理由からとりあえず貞享4年（1687年）の成立と推定されている。
English: Author is also unknown, but he wrote about himself from the 'Konoike school' and seemed to have a flair for business, therefore it is assumed that he was one of the Kuramoto (sake brewer) of Konoike school.
Japanese: 著者についても不詳であるが、自分は「鴻池流」の人間であると書いていること、商才に敏感な記述が多いこと、などから鴻池流の蔵元の誰かであると思われる。
English: It's no exaggeration to say that it was written all about sake brewing at the time, because the technical book on sake brewing is best of the Edo Period in quality and quantity.
Japanese: 酒造りについて執筆当時にわかる「すべて」が書き込まれたと言っても過言ではないほど、江戸時代を通じて質、量ともに最高の内容を誇る酒造技術書である。
English: There were some quotations from other technical books on sake brewing that had been written in earlier times, which means that there had been such kind of books before "Domoshuzoki," but none of those have been found and it is totally unknown what book they were.
Japanese: なかには、これより前の時代に書かれていた酒造技術書から引用している箇所が多く、『童蒙酒造記』以前にも優れた同類の書物が存在したことがうかがわれるが、現在まで発見されておらず、はたしてどういう文献が存在したのかすら謎である。
English: The brewing method of Konoike school has been lost already, therefore the descriptions in the book are valuable.
Japanese: 鴻池流は醸造法としては消滅してしまったものなので、その意味で本書の記述は貴重である。
English: The process of making Nara style sake, Itami sake, Kohama style sake, shochu (distilled spirit), mirin (sweet cooking rice wine), Asoshu, Lonicera Sake, Nerizake (antique term for shirozake, or white sake), unfiltered sake.
Japanese: 奈良流、伊丹酒、小浜流、焼酎、みりん、麻生酒（あそうしゅ）、忍冬酒（にんどうしゅ）、練酒、濁り酒などの製法。