nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After this incident, the civil disorder which occurred in the Taisho Coup or the Siemens Incident let men of power know people's potential and served as the propulsion for Taisho Democracy.
Japanese: この事件の後、大正政変やシーメンス事件に際して起こった民衆騒擾は、権力者に民衆の力を思い知らせるとともに、大正デモクラシーの推進力にもなった。
English: Jingisho (the Ministry of Divinities) was a government organization which replaced the old jingikan (Department of Divinities) that had existed since the first days of the ritsuryo system, as the agency ruling the religious services and public administration of jingi (Divinities); it was established on September 22, 1871 and lasted until April 21, 1872.
Japanese: 神祇省（じんぎしょう）とは、明治4年8月8日(旧暦)（1871年9月22日）－明治5年3月14日(旧暦)（1872年4月21日）に神祇の祭祀と行政を掌る機関として律令制以来の神祇官に代わって設置された。
English: The Department of Divinities had been considered superior, at least pro forma, to the daijokan (the Grand Council of State), and hence by the comparison the Ministry of Divinities may seem to have suffered a demotion given the fact that it was created as one arm of and under the daijokan, but in actuality Japan, under the principles laid out in the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto, had embraced a theocratic form of government (saisei itchi, or "the unity of church and state") under the Emperor; consequently, the Ministry of Divinities had been created to strengthen the government's ability to participate in religious matters in order to achieve the objective of making Shinto the national religion of Japan.
Japanese: 形式上のみとはいえ、太政官よりも上位とされた神祇官に対して、太政官の1機関に格下げられた神祇省は一見すると地位が低下したようにも見受けられるが、実際には大教宣布の理念に基づいた天皇による祭政一致、ひいては神道の国家宗教化を目指す方針のために政府の関与を強めるためのものであった。
English: Following the creation of the Ministry of Divinities, a mere six months later its name was changed to kyobusho (Ministry of Religion) in order to disseminate further the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for the Establishment of Shinto through the efforts of the senkyoshi (Shinto missionaries) who had been established in the final days of the Department of Divinities; the religious services of the Imperial Court were separated from this Ministry's jurisdiction and placed under the control of the shikiburyo (Bureau of Rites) of the Imperial Household Agency.
Japanese: その後、神祇官末期に設置された宣教使による大教宣布を強化するために、わずか半年で教部省に改称され、宮中祭祀は分離されて宮内省式部寮に移されることとなった。
English: It also refers to an influential samurai family who was admitted to have a territory other than their main property in one's own province.
Japanese: そして、大名の本拠がある本国以外に領地を認められている有力武家の事。
English: Or, it refers to local samurai who lived in other region which was under the influence of daimyo other than their directly-controlled main territory in the Sengoku period.
Japanese: あるいは、戦国大名が直轄支配する本国以外の勢力地である他国の国衆（国人）のこと。
English: The Battle of Ichinotani was a battle at Fukuwara-kyo in Settsu Province on March 27, 1184, during the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 一ノ谷の戦い（いちのたにのたたかい）は、平安時代の末期の寿永3年/治承8年2月7日(旧暦)（1184年3月20日）に摂津国福原京で行われた戦い。
English: Since MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka defeated the Taira clan during the battle of Kurikara Pass on June, 1183, the Taira clan lost almost all of their army's power.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）5月の倶利伽羅峠の戦いで源義仲に敗れた平氏は兵力の大半を失なった。
English: Yoshinaka raised his army to "search out and destroy Heishi" (of the Taira clan) by the order of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa but he was greatly defeated in Bicchu Province (the Battle of Mizushima).
Japanese: 義仲は後白河法皇の命で平氏追討のために出兵するが備中国で大敗を喫してしまう（水島の戦い）。
English: Although Yoshinaka requested a peace negotiation with the Taira clan, which had regained the army of Yashima in Sanuki Province, the Taira clan refused the peace negotiation.
Japanese: 讃岐国屋島にまで復帰していた平氏へ和平を申し出るが、平氏はこれを拒絶した。
English: On March 4, 1184, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, who was dispatched by Yoritomo, and the Kamakura Government army of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, combined their forces, destroying Yoshinaka (the Battle of Uji-gawa River).
Japanese: 寿永3年（1184年）1月20日、頼朝が派遣した源範頼、源義経の鎌倉政権軍に攻められて義仲は滅んだ（宇治川の戦い）。
English: During the internal disputes among the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan recovered its power and landed in Owada no Tomari in February of 1184.
Japanese: この源氏同士の抗争の間に勢力を立て直した平氏は、同年1月には大輪田泊に上陸した。
English: On March 17, Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa ordered an Imperial decree to Yoritomo - to hunt down and kill the Heike family (the Taira clan family) and to recover the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, which were taken by the Taira clan when they left Kyoto.
Japanese: 1月26日、後白河法皇は、頼朝に平家追討と平氏が都落ちの際に持ち去った三種の神器奪還を命じる平家追討の宣旨を出した。
English: The section below is the progress of the battle which was known as the public consensus based on historical written records such as "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East) and "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike).
Japanese: 以下は『吾妻鏡』『平家物語』などを基にした巷間で知られる合戦の経過である。
English: On March 24, 1184, the Kamakura (Minamoto) side decided upon the Ya-Awase (the signal to start war or battle, followed by the opposing sides in the battle shooting arrows at each other.)
Japanese: 寿永3年（1184年）2月4日(旧暦)、鎌倉方は矢合せを7日と定めた。
English: Noriyori led fifty-six thousand Ote army cavalrymen (the army attacking the front line), Yoshitsune led ten thousand cavalrymen of Karamete troops (the force attacking the rear of an enemy force or castle), and they left Kyoto heading for Settsu Province.
Japanese: 範頼が大手軍5万6千余騎を、義経が搦手軍1万騎を率いて京を出発して摂津へ下った。
English: The Taira clan set their military camp in the Fukuwara region and built a strong defensive army in the surrounding areas (the Ikuta fortress entrance for protection of the East; the Ichinotani fortress entrance would protect the West, and the Yumeno fortress entrance would protect the hilly section of the city), and they waited for the arrival of the Kamakura (Minamoto) army.
Japanese: 平氏は福原に陣営を置いて、その外周（東の生田口、西の一ノ谷口、山の手の夢野口）に強固な防御陣を築いて待ち構えていた。
English: Once there, Yoshitsune's army executed a night attack, destroying the military camps of TAIRA no Sukemori and TAIRA no Arimori, who were on Mikusa-yama Mountain in Harima Province (Battle of Mikusayama).
Japanese: そこで、義経軍は播磨国・三草山の平資盛、平有盛らの陣に夜襲を仕掛けて撃破する（三草山の戦い）。
English: On March 26, 1184, the envoy from Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa visited the Taira clan as they were performing a Buddhist memorial service for Kiyomori at Fukuwara.
Japanese: 2月6日、福原で清盛の法要を営んでいた平氏一門へ後白河法皇からの使者が訪れた。
English: Therefore, there is a theory that the Taira clan's behavior at this point resulted in the winning or losing of the Battle of Ichinotani (the primary factor in the defeat of the Taira clan).
Japanese: このことが一ノ谷の戦いの勝敗を決したとの説がある（平氏敗北の要因）。
English: Yoshitsune gave most of his troops to Yoshisada YASUDA and Yukitsuna TADA, ordering them into position at the Yumeno fortress entrance (hilly section of a city), which was the location that was guarded by TAIRA no Michimori and TAIRA no Noritsune with tens of thousands of cavalrymen under their command (the commander for attacking the hilly section).
Japanese: 安田義定、多田行綱らに大半の兵を与えて平通盛・平教経の1万騎が守る夢野口（山の手）へ向かわせる（山の手攻撃の将）。
English: Yoshihisa WASHIO explained to Yoshitsune that neither humans nor horses could cross Hiyodorigoe because of its rough and steep path.
Japanese: 鷲尾義久が鵯越は到底人間ウマは越えることのできぬ難路であると説明する。
English: On March 27, at dawn, five cavalrymen sneaked out from among the Yoshitsune troops and attempted to be the first to engage, among whch were Naozane KUMAGAI and Naoie KUMAGAI, father and son, and Sueshige HIRAYAMA.
Japanese: 2月7日払暁、先駆けせんと欲して義経の部隊から抜け出したのは熊谷直実・熊谷直家父子と平山季重らの5騎である。
English: At six o'clock in the morning, Noriyori led his Ote army, followed by Kagetoki KAJIWARA and Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and their fifty thousand cavalrymen, and took positions on the east side front of the battle formation at the Ikuta fortress entrance, where the major force of the Taira clan army, led by Tomonori TAIRA and Shigehira TAIRA, was prepared to defend.
Japanese: 午前6時、平知盛、平重衡ら平氏軍主力の守る東側の生田口の陣の前には範頼率いる梶原景時、畠山重忠以下の大手軍5万騎が布陣。
English: However, the Taira clan army had firmed up their battle formation by digging trenches around them and constructed several layers of Sakamogi (fence made of thorny or steeple branches to prevent the entry of an enemy) fences, and commenced to wait.
Japanese: しかし、平氏は壕をめぐらし、逆茂木を重ねて陣を固めて待ちかまえていた。
English: Kagetoki KAJIWARA and Kagesue KAJIWARA, father and son, removed the Sakamogi fence and rushed under falling arrows.
Japanese: そこへ梶原景時・梶原景季父子が逆茂木を取り除き、ふりそそぐ矢の中を突進した。
English: According to "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike), Yoshitsune forced two horses down the hill; one horse sprained its foot and fell, but the other one ran down the hill safely.
Japanese: 『平家物語』によれば、義経は馬2頭を落として、1頭は足を挫いて倒れるが、もう1頭は無事に駆け下った。
English: However, Yoshitsura SAHARA who was a family member of the Miura clan said "In the Miura region, we are always running down a hill which is steeper than this."
Japanese: しかし、三浦氏の一族佐原義連が「三浦では常日頃、ここよりも険しい所を駆け落ちているわ。」と言った。
English: However, according to the "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), Shigetada HATAKEYAMA belonged to the Ote army of Noriyori and did not belong to Yoshitsune's army.
Japanese: なお『吾妻鏡』によれば、畠山重忠は範頼の大手軍に属しており、義経の軍勢にはいない。
English: "MINAMOTO no Kuro (Yoshitsune) leading seventy brave warriors, arrived at the rear of the mountain in the Ichinotani region (referred to as "Hiyodorigoe")."
Japanese: 「源九郎（義経）は勇士七十余騎を率いて、一ノ谷の後山（鵯越と号す）に到着。」
English: "While Kuro led brave warriors such as Juro Yoshitsura MIURA (Yoshitsura SAHARA) and engaged in an offensive and defensive battle at Hiyodorigoe (this mountain had a steep precipice and only a wild boar, a deer, a rabbit, and a fox could pass through the mountain), the Taira clan lost concentration of their consideration about their strategy and retreated, some of whom attempted to get out of Ichinotani-jo Castle by horse, and some attempted to escape into the Shikoku region by ship."
Japanese: 「九郎が三浦十郎義連（佐原義連）ら勇士を率いて、鵯越（この山は猪、鹿、兎、狐の外は通れぬ険阻である）において攻防の間に、（平氏は）商量を失い敗走、或いは一ノ谷の舘を馬で出ようと策し、或いは船で四国の地へ向かおうとした。」
English: According to these descriptions, we can understand that Yoshitsune led seventy cavalrymen and started his attack on the Taira clan from the rear side of Ichinotani (Hiyodorigoe), which contained a steep precipice.
Japanese: 義経が70騎を率い、険阻な一の谷の背後（鵯越）から攻撃を仕掛けたことが分る。
English: According to "Gyokuyo," a Diary of Kanezane KUJO, Yoshitsune who was the leader of the Karamete troops (the force attacking the rear of the enemy force or a castle) took Tanba-jo Castle (Mikusa-yama Mountain) and continued to take the Ichinotani fortress.
Japanese: 九条兼実の日記『玉葉』では搦手の義経が丹波城（三草山）を落とし、次いで一ノ谷を落とした。
English: The fact that Yoshitsune attacked and took Ichinotani, but it is not described that Yoshitsune executed a surprise attack of "sakaotoshi".
Japanese: ここでは義経が一ノ谷を攻め落としたことは記しているが、逆落しの奇襲をかけたとは書いていない。
English: In this section, the theory that maintains Tekkaisan on the back side of the Ichinotani region was the location of "sakaotoshi" (Ichinotani theory) to explain the progress and in images because this theory is the currently main stream theory to explain this battle.
Japanese: なお本項目の経過解説と画像では、逆落しの場所を現在この合戦の説明の際に主流になっている一ノ谷の裏手鉄拐山とする説（一ノ谷説）を採っている。
English: However, according to "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike) and the above mentioned "Azuma Kagami," Yoshitsune fought at Hiyodorigoe (eight kilometers to the east from the Ichinotani region), so some historians and experts still strongly support the Hiyodorigoe theory.
Japanese: しかし、『平家物語』や上記『吾妻鏡』では義経の戦った場所は鵯越（一ノ谷から東方8キロ）となっており鵯越説も根強くある。
English: Furthermore, there is a leading opinion that "Heike Monogatari" created the story of "sakaotoshi" in the first place.
Japanese: またそもそも逆落し自体が『平家物語』が創作した虚構であるという見方も有力である。
English: At the Higashikido of the Ikuta fortress entrance, Shigehira who was the second in command, leading eight thousand cavalrymen, headed to the Yumeno fortress entrance (hilly section of the city) to rescue the Taira clan who was in crisis because of the attack from Yoshisada YASUDA and Yukitsuna.
Japanese: 生田口の東城戸では副将の重衡が8000騎を率いて安田義定、多田行綱らに攻められ危機に陥っている夢野口（山の手）の救援に向かった。
English: At around eleven o'clock in the morning, Shigehira ordered the Ote army into a general attack when he saw smoke rising from the Ichinotani region.
Japanese: 午前11時頃、一ノ谷から煙が上がるのを見た範頼は大手軍に総攻撃を命じた。
English: Tadanori, who was under guard at the Nishikido fortress, was tackled by Tadazumi OKABE and subsequently injured when he was about to escape.
Japanese: 西城戸の将の忠度は逃れようとしていたところを岡部忠純に組まれて負傷した。
English: Naozane KUMAGAI had accomplished the great achievement of being the first to arrive for the battle, and then rode his horse into the ocean seeking enemy soldiers.
Japanese: 合戦の一番乗りの功名を果たした熊谷直実は敵を探していると、馬に乗って海に入った。
English: While Naozane was attempting to slice the young warrior's neck, but discovered the warrior was a young boy with a beautifully featured face painted in makeup.
Japanese: 直実は首を取ろうとするが、武者の顔を見ると化粧をした美しい顔立ちの少年だった。
English: The young warrior stated his age as sixteen and was called TAIRA no Atsumori, the son of TAIRA no Tsunemori, who was the younger brother of Kiyomori (According to "Genpei Seisui ki" (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and Taira clans), Atsumori identified himself, but Atsumori would not identify himself in "Heike Monogatari").
Japanese: 武者は清盛の弟平経盛の子平敦盛16歳と名乗った（『源平盛衰記』によるが、『平家物語』では名乗らない）。
English: Since Naozane's own son was also sixteen years old, Naozane felt pity on Atsumori and attempted to free Atsumori, but other Minamoto soldiers approached them.
Japanese: 直実の息子直家も同じ16歳で、憐れに思い逃そうとするが、他の源氏の武者が迫っていた。
English: According to "Azuma Kagami," the direct reason as to why Naozane would become a priest was because of Naozane's angry reaction toward the speech and conduct of Kagetoki KAJIWARA at the time of Naozane losing a lawsuit concerning a matter of territory.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によると出家の直接の理由は所領を巡る訴訟に敗れた際、梶原景時の言動に怒ったためである。
English: (Among the researchers, the theory of Ienaga has gained an influential position because of Ienaga's receipt of reward grants in recognition of his military exploits.)
Japanese: （研究者の間では、武功に見合うだけの恩賞を与えられている点から家長説が有力視されている。）
English: It is said that Noriyori's army killed TAIRA no Michimori, TAIRA no Tadanori, TAIRA no Tsunetoshi, TAIRA no Kiyofusa, and TAIRA no Kiyosada, and the armies of Yoshitsune and Yoshisada YASUDA killed TAIRA no Atsumori, TAIRA no Tomoakira, TAIRA no Narimori, TAIRA no Moritoshi, TAIRA no Tsunemasa, TAIRA no Moromori, and TAIRA no Noritsune.
Japanese: 範頼軍は平通盛、平忠度、平経俊、平清房、平清貞を、義経・安田義定軍は、平敦盛、平知章、平業盛、平盛俊、平経正、平師盛、平教経をそれぞれ討ち取ったと言われている。
English: Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa negotiated with the Taira clan to exchange the imprisoned Shigehira and the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 後白河法皇は捕虜になった重衡と三種の神器を交換するよう平氏と交渉する。
English: However, Munemori refused this proposal and objected due to the Taira clan following the conditions of the orders, and suspending battle just before it was to break out, and suddenly the Taira clan came under attack by the Minamoto clan's army.
Japanese: しかし、宗盛はこれを拒絶し、合戦直前の休戦命令に従っていたにも係らず、突然源氏に襲われたということに対する抗議をしている。
English: Additionally, Munemori related at great length his doubts regarding Emperor Goshirakawa, saying "the order to suspend battle must have been an unconventional tactic, and its purpose must have been to distract the Taira clan so it would be defeated in battle."
Japanese: さらに、「休戦命令は平氏を陥れる奇謀ではなかったか」との後白河法皇への不審を述べ立てている。
English: The Kamakura side had gained a great battle victory but failed to gain the target of the mission which was the recovery of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 合戦に大勝した鎌倉政権軍も戦略目標である三種の神器奪還には失敗している。
English: As for the primary factor for the defeat of the Taira clan, historians and experts are strongly supportive in the theory that Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa strategicly proposed a peace negotiation with the Taira clan, to significantly relax the guard of the militarily defenses for the Taira clan's army while cooperating with the Kamakura Government army that was preparing for the pending attack upon the Taira clan.
Japanese: 平氏敗北の要因について、後白河法皇が平氏へ講和の提案を行い、大幅に武装解除させる一方で、鎌倉政権軍と連携して対平氏攻撃を着々と準備した計略であるという説が有力である。
English: In this theory, historians and experts stressed two important factors - Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa ordered the Taira clan to suspend battle preparations against Minamoto on March 26, 1184, and in the post war period, Munemori wrote a protest letter to the Emperor, "When the Taira clan believed the order to suspend the battle, the Minamoto clan attacked and killed many members of the Taira clan family, so I was of the belief that this order was an unconventional tactic (a pretense to set the Taira clan for defeat in battle)."
Japanese: この説では、合戦直前の2月6日の後白河法皇の休戦命令と、合戦後の宗盛の「休戦命令を信じていたら、源氏に襲われて一門の多くが殺された、（平氏を陥れる）奇謀ではないのか」という法皇への抗議の書状を重視している。
English: The Taira clan trusted Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and hoped to develop grounds for reconciliation; therefore, the Taira clan could not imagine a sudden attack by the Kamakura (Minamoto) side.
Japanese: 法皇を信頼して和解に向け展望を開いていた平氏にとって、鎌倉方の突然の攻撃は想定できるものではない。
English: In consideration, it was not necessary to think that the talents of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as the commander was the sole cause in the victory of the Kamakura (Minamoto) side.
Japanese: そのため、鎌倉側の勝利は必ずしも源義経の将としての能力などだけに起因しているのではないとしている。
English: On the other hand, as Taira clan was familiar with the geography of the region, they set their battle formations in important locations, such as the East gate, North gate (two locations, the Yumeno entrance fortress and Ko-Myosen-ji Temple (Myosen-ji Temple)), and West gate.
Japanese: これに対し、地理を熟知していた平氏側も東門・北門（夢野口・古明泉寺（明泉寺）の2箇所）・西門と要所に布陣している。
English: According to "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), the military power of the Minamoto clan was concentrated in Noriyori's army's fifty-four thousand cavalrymen and Yoshitsune's army's twenty thousand cavalrymen.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』では源氏の兵力は範頼軍は5万4千騎、義経軍は2万騎とある。
English: Moreover, most authors of books related to the battle mainly used these numbers to explain the battle, and this section has also followed this tradition to explain the progress of the battle.
Japanese: さらに、ほとんどの合戦関係本で、この合戦を解説する際には主にこの数字が使われており、本項目の経過説明もこれに従っている。
English: "By the story of Nagon (counsellor) MINAMOTO (Sudafusa MINAMOTO), the Taira clan followed Emperor (Emperor Antoku) and arrived in Fukuwara."
Japanese: 「源納言（源定房）の話では、平氏は主上（安徳天皇）を奉じて福原に到着。」
English: "Although the troops of the Kyushu region did not arrive, Nagon MINAMOTO said that the troops of the Shikoku region and Kii Province were several tens of thousands."
Japanese: 「九州の軍勢は未だに到着しないが、四国、紀伊国の軍勢は数万という。」
English: "(Omission) Another person's story indicated the reports of the Taira clan's withdrawal as a fallacious argument, and in fact the Taira military forces were several thousand, possibly up to several tens of thousands."
Japanese: 「（中略）また別の人の話では、平氏が引き上げたのは謬説であり、その軍勢は数千、数万を知らずある。」
English: If we follow the "Gyokuyo," the Minamoto clan merely had one to two thousand cavalrymen as opposed to the Taira clan's several thousand cavalrymen, so the Minamoto clan was facing an overwhelming disadvantage.
Japanese: 『玉葉』に従えば、平氏は数万騎であるのに対して源氏は1～2千騎程度の僅かな軍勢しかいない圧倒的に不利な状況にあったことになる。
English: The authors of traditional books on history depicted the Genpei (the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan) as a conflict between coequal military powers (especially in the battle at Ikuta Forest by Noriyori) in "Azuma Kagami" and "Heike Monogatari"; thus, the depiction of the conflict in "Gyokuyo" invalidated a point of view on the battle based upon "Azuma Kagami" and "Heike Monogatari."
Japanese: 源平が互角の兵力で衝突したよう（特に範頼の生田の森の戦い）に記述がされている従来の『吾妻鏡』『平家物語』を基にした合戦観が全く崩されてしまう。
English: Some scholars point out that "Heike Monogatari," which is a war chronicle, influenced the description of the battle of Ichinotani in "Azuma Kagami."
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』の一ノ谷の戦いの合戦記述には軍記物語の『平家物語』の影響があるという指摘もある。
English: Therefore, in "Azuma Kagami," the author wrote that Yoshitsune led seventy elite cavalrymen, stood at the rear side of Ichinotani (Hiyodorigoe), started his attack on the Taira clan from Hiyodorigoe, and took the Ichinotani fortress.
Japanese: そのために『吾妻鏡』にも義経が勇士70騎で一ノ谷の裏山（鵯越）に立ち、鵯越から攻撃を仕掛けて一ノ谷を落としたというとしたいう記述がある。
English: However, experts in Japanese historical studies commonly support the point of view that "sakaotoshi" was an absurd story they should not take seriously.
Japanese: しかし、逆落しは荒唐無稽であり、信じるべきではないという見方が歴史学の専門家では一般的である。
English: Thus, the Minamoto clan needed a bold trick to win the battle, such as "the unconventional strategy of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa," which was described in the previous section.
Japanese: そうなると、上の節のような「後白河法皇の奇謀」という大胆なトリックが必要になるのである。
English: The Taira clan possessed overwhelmingly superior power over the Minamoto clan but was subsequently made vulnerable (by some viewpoints) when they were surprisingly attacked by the Minamoto clan (there was limited fighting during the battle), and the Taira clan then lost the battle, suffering a massive defeat.
Japanese: 圧倒的に優勢な平氏は（見方によっては）ほとんど武装解除に近い状態にあったところを源氏に襲われて（まともな合戦にもならず）大敗を喫したということになる。
English: Should we accept this theory, then the story of "the fierce battle at Ikuta Forest by Noriyori," and of course the story of "sakaotoshi" by Yoshitsune, never occurred.
Japanese: この説に従えば、範頼の生田の森の激戦も、もちろん、義経の逆落しもなくなる。
English: Additionally, all of the general explanations of the battle based on "Azuma Kagami" and "Heike Monogatari" would be fiction, such as the progress explanation in this section.
Japanese: さらに、本項目の経過説明のような一般に語られる『吾妻鏡』『平家物語』を元にした合戦解説は全て虚構ということになる。
English: If we eliminate "Azuma Kagami" and "Heike Monogatari" due to their fictional natures, strictly interpreting only Gyokuyo," then the depictions of the battles would change to the following.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を創作であると捨てて、厳密に『玉葉』のみを採れば、下記の記述がある。
English: "Yukitsuna TADA captured the hilly section of the city, the battle ended in a little less than two hours, and the Taira clan retreated."
Japanese: 「多田行綱は山の手を攻略し、合戦は2時間足らずで終わり、平氏は敗走した。」
English: We could not, however, write almost anything about the progress of the battle, which is too simple.
Japanese: しかしながら、それでは、合戦経過がほとんど何も書けなくなり、身も蓋もない。
English: Thus, as a general explanation of the battle, the authors of history books mainly reference descriptions of the specific progress of the battle in "Azuma Kagami" and "Heike Monogatari," considering the political maneuver of Emperor Goshirakawa and adding the view of "Gyokuyo."
Japanese: その為、一般的な合戦解説では、後白河法皇の政略を加味しつつ、具体的な合戦経過は『玉葉』を交えつつも主に『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を採り。
English: And they adopt several tens of thousands for the Taira clan, ignoring "Gyokuyo," which describes the cavalry number of Minamoto clan as one to two thousand.
Japanese: そして、『玉葉』は1～2千騎という源氏の兵力は無視して、数万騎という平氏の兵力のみを採ることになる。
English: Regarding specific progress of the battle, recent researchers have not been able to form a consensus since the conclusions reached would vary.
Japanese: 合戦の具体的な経過については、最新の研究がまだ研究者によってまちまちで一致しない。
English: Therefore, in the depiction of the progress of the battle, the author of this section relied upon historical books for a general audience and written circulations for sightseeing guides.
Japanese: それで、本項目の合戦経過は一般向け書籍や観光案内で使われるそれに従っている。
English: "Sakaotoshi" by Yoshitsune is famous, and in a general sense it would seem Yoshitsune had executed this from Hiyodorigoe.
Japanese: 名高い義経の逆落としだが、一般的には「鵯越」から行われたと言われている。
English: Moreover, in "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), the author of the book indicated in his writings that Yoshitsune fought at Hiyodorigoe.
Japanese: そして、『吾妻鏡』でも義経が戦った場所は鵯越と記されているからである。
English: However, Hiyodorigoe (Hiyodorigoe Cho, Hyogo Ward, Kobe City) is located eight kilometers to the east from the Ichinotani region (Ichinotani Cho, Suma Ward, Kobe City).
Japanese: しかし、鵯越（神戸市兵庫区鵯越町）は一ノ谷（神戸市須磨区一の谷町）の東方8キロにある。
English: This contradicts with the depictions of Yoshitsune capturing the Ichinotani camp in the books of "Azuma Kagami," "Gyokuyo," and "Heike Monogatari."
Japanese: これは、『吾妻鏡』『玉葉』『平家物語』の義経が一ノ谷の陣を攻略したという記述と矛盾する。
English: Because of this, Tadachika KUWATA, a professor at Kokugakuin University and other scholars had taken serious consideration in the Ichinotani incident, and concludes the location from the war's situation and the fragmented written records contained within historical materials.
Japanese: このため、一ノ谷という攻略地点を重視して桑田忠親國學院大學教授などは戦況や史料の断片的な記録から判断している。