nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Broadly speaking, there are the following five theories, all of which are refuted and fail to develop into a common belief.
Japanese: 大きく分けると次の5説があるが、いずれも反論が出されており、通説になるには至っていない。
English: This is a competent theory that dates back to ancient times because under the "ritsuryosei" (ancient East Asian system of centralized governance), the word 'jogaku' referred to a quota.
Japanese: 律令において「定額」とは、“定数”の意味で用いられていたため、古くから言われている有力説である。
English: Criticisms, however, have been leveled at this theory on the basis that there are no historical documents that mention about specific numbers pertaining to a temple quota and that there are descriptions in histories that read a temple was newly designated as jogakuji in more recent years (if there was a quota, temples cannot be newly designated as jogakuji after reaching the quota).
Japanese: →これに対して、具体的な定数となる寺院の数に関する記事が全く見当たらず、時代を下っても定額寺に列せられる寺院の記事が見られる（定数があれば、定数を満たせばそれ以上は増やせない筈である）という反論がある。
English: The bottom line is that a stipend could be reliable national protection because it enables temples to establish a financial base.
Japanese: これによって経済的な基盤を得ることが出来、国家による大きな保護となり得る。
English: Against this theory, some point out that there are no clear answers to whether the aid was given as "jiden"(rice fields owned by temples)(a harvest from jiden was given to temples) or as the direct provision of supplies.
Japanese: →これに対して、その物資の支援の内容が寺田（そこから挙がった収穫が寺に納付される）の設定によるものなのか、それとも直接物資の形で支給されたものなのかが不明であるという反論がある。
English: It is also advantageous to the nation because the system enables the nation to instruct temples to convene national-level Buddhist services.
Japanese: また、国家的な法会の実施指示も可能となるため、国家としてもメリットがある。
English: A refutation of this theory is that there are only a handful of temples that are proved to have embraced jogakuso.
Japanese: →これに対して、定額寺の中で定額僧が定まっていた事実を確認できる寺は少数であるという反論がある。
English: Temples that were certified ('jo') "jigo" (literally, "temple name") and given the frame ('gaku') with a certificate showing jigo by the state
Japanese: 国家が寺号を“定”め、その寺名が書かれた“額”が授与された“寺”院。
English: This theory has been rebutted in that there are few temples that are proved to have been awarded the frame with a certificate on the occasion of appointment as a jogakuji.
Japanese: →これに対して、定額寺に列せられた際に寺額を授与された事実を確認できる寺は少数であるという反論がある。
English: Some argue that if this theory was true, "kanji" (state-sponsored temples) other than kandaiji and kokubunji would be considered jogakuji without exception, and it would become impossible to think of jogakuji as special.
Japanese: →これに対して、官大寺や国分寺以外の官寺が全て定額寺となってしまい、定額寺の特殊性を見出せなくなるという反論がある。
English: Due to a clear definition being lacking as mentioned above, it is difficult to grasp the picture of jogakuji.
Japanese: 以上のように定義が定まっているとは言えないために、その実態把握も困難である。
English: If we go on the assumption that jogakuji are associated with jigo, the origin of jogakuji can date back to the reign of EmperorTenmu, when a variety of temples were created jigo in 769.
Japanese: 定額寺を寺号と結びつける見解を採った場合には、天武天皇8年（769年）に諸寺の寺号を定めた件に起源を求めることとなる。
English: The 716 imperial decree of the consolidation of temples describes that "families that own and reside in temples (private temples) compete for a frame with a certificate."
Japanese: 続いて霊亀2年（716年）に出された寺院整理令の詔に「寺家（私寺）が争って題額を求めた」とする件が見られる。
English: The oldest record in which the word 'jogakuji' is found is "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued), whereby the phrase "jogakuji: 100 cho (about 9,918 are) per temple" is written as to the limitations imposed on temples of the use of leased rice fields, which was stipulated on August 30, 749.
Japanese: 「定額寺」という語の初出は、『続日本紀』に記されている天平勝宝元年7月13日(旧暦)（749年8月30日）に寺院に対する墾田地の制限を定めた際に「定額寺、寺別一百町」とする記事である。
English: The word 'jogakuji' can be found in various records such as "Rikkokushi" (the Six National Histories).
Japanese: 以後、六国史をはじめとする諸記録に「定額寺」の語が現れるようになる。
English: Those records reveal that many of jogakuji were formerly private temples set up by imperial families, peers, or powerful families.
Japanese: こうした記事から分かるのは、定額寺の多くは元は皇族・貴族・豪族などが建立した私寺であったものが多かったということである。
English: Particularly, after the Enryaku era, when a ban on private temples was fortified, the number of temples designated as jogakuji skyrocketed.
Japanese: 特に私寺に対する禁令が強化された延暦年間以後に定額寺に列する寺院が急激に増加している。
English: It is considered that a move was made to avoid state control through a request for incorporation of private temples, targets of oppression, into state-sponsored temples (kanji).
Japanese: 国家の抑圧の対象となった私寺を官寺への編入申請する事で抑圧を回避を図る動きがあったと考えられている。
English: Also, it is not that the relationship between temples and "danotsu" (supporters of a Buddhist temple), who set up those private temples, was completely severed after the designation of temples as jogakuji.
Japanese: また、私寺の建立者である檀越も定額寺指定後に完全に寺との関係が絶たれた訳ではなかった。
English: Basically, once a temple was designated as jogakuji, the governor or arch-priest (the head Buddhist priest of kokubunji) of the province, where the temple was located, was responsible for the maintenance of the jogakuji through the provision of repairmen and maintenance allowances and for the appointment and arrangement of jogakuso and "nenbundo-sha" (approved people who enter the Buddhist priesthood), although there were differences among temples.
Japanese: 定額寺に指定されるとその内容は寺院によって違いはあるものの、基本的には定額寺のある令制国の国司・講師（国分寺の僧侶の長）は、定額寺に修理料・燈分料を与え、修造の義務、定額僧や年分度者の配置に対する便宜などが行われた。
English: On the other hand, jogakuji were responsible for the creation of materials (expenses) records and for the acceptance of administrative supervisions by a consortium of the governor, arch-monk, "sango" (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple), and danotsu.
Japanese: その一方で定額寺側にも資材帳作成と国司・講師・三綱・檀越が共同で行う検校処分を受けることを義務付けられていた。
English: Furthermore, jogakuji and danotsu were strictly controlled; for example, the authority to appoint sango of temples was totally restricted.
Japanese: 更に、寺内の三綱人事権を掌握されるなど、定額寺及び檀越に対して厳しい統制を受けた。
English: As the ritsuryosei waned, however, regulations and laws that had controlled Buddhism such as "Soni ryo" (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) lost substance, and regulations on repairmen and maintenance subsidies also lost any meaning.
Japanese: だが、律令制が弛緩すると、僧尼令をはじめとする仏教統制の法制は形骸化し、一方で修理料や燈分料規定も空文化するようになった。
English: As a result, a certain portion of jogakuji began to return their jogakuji status, despising its restrictive nature without advantages.
Japanese: このため、定額寺の中には統制だけが残った定額寺の格式を嫌ってこれを返上する寺院も現れた。
English: On the other hand, there emerged cases in which temples promoted by emperors and equivalents were first set up as jogakuji to avoid violating a ban on the introduction of private temples, a law that continued to be in effect within the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 一方で、天皇などが建てる寺院が、あくまでも朝廷内では有効法であった私寺建立禁止の規定に反しないように予め定額寺として建立する例が見られるようになる。
English: After the designation as jogakuji of Myoko-in temple at Enryaku-ji Temple, which was set up by Jinzen in 990, the jogakuji disappeared from history.
Japanese: 正暦元年（990年）に尋禅が建てた延暦寺妙香院が定額寺の指定を受けたのを最後に歴史から姿を消すことになる。
English: Shodo-mon (Gateway of the Holy Path) is the religious doctrine preaching to become a Buddha by self-power through various practices.
Japanese: 聖道門（しょうどうもん）は、様々な修行を通して、自力によって成仏することを説く宗旨のこと。
English: Honen used the word "Shodomon"in "Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shu" (the holy writings of the Jodo Sect), as two kinds of shobo (Buddhism), 'Shodo' (the Holy Path) and 'Ojo Jodo' (Birth in the Pure Land) were preached in "Anrakushu" (a collection of passages concerning birth in the Pure Land) by Doshaku.
Japanese: 法然は、道綽の『安楽集』に「聖道」と「往生浄土」の2種の勝法が説かれたことを受け、『選択本願念仏集』にて用いられた言葉である。
English: It is an antonym of 'Jodo-mon' (Gateway of the Pure Land) (Jodo (Pure Land) sect) and often appears in the books by Shinran who was Jodo sect and the disciple of Honen.
Japanese: 「浄土門」（浄土教仏教）の対義語で、浄土宗および法然の弟子であった親鸞の著書に頻出する。
English: Buddhism meant mainly two sects, Tendai sect and Shingon sect from Esoteric Buddhism group when Honen established Jodo sect.
Japanese: 法然が浄土宗を確立した当時、仏教といえば密教系の天台宗と真言宗が主流だったため、主にこの2宗をさす。
English: Honen preached how excellent Tariki Hongwan (salvation through the benevolence of Buddha) (promotion of original vow by Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata)) is in Mappo (age of the Final Dharma), and encouraged all living things to invocation of the Buddha's name.
Japanese: 法然は、末法の世において他力本願（阿弥陀如来による本願の働き）がいかに優れているかを説き、衆生に称名念仏を勧めた。
English: Citing that "Daiju gatsuzokyo" shows 'Though so many people in Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma) practice and learn, no one has achieved.' ("Jodo Shinshu Seiten (Shichiso hen) (original version and commentary version)", cited from Hongwanji Publishing Company) from "Anrakushu" in "Senchaku-shu" (Passages on the Selection of the Nenbutsu in the Original Vow) to show that the opposite 'Shodo-mon' was difficult to be the main doctrine and to prove, he considered this as the reason to enter Jodo-mon instead of Shodo-mon,.
Japanese: 『選択集』の中で、「大集月蔵経云我末法時中億億衆生起行修道未有一人得者（『大集月蔵経』にのたまはく、「わが末法の時のうちの億々の衆生、行を起し道を修せんに、いまだ一人として得るものあらじ」（『浄土真宗聖典七祖篇』（原典版・註釈版）』本願寺出版社より引用）と『安楽集』より引用し、対極にある「聖道門」の主教が困難で、証し難いことを示し、聖道門を捨て浄土門に入る根拠とした。
English: Therefore, Honen has been criticized by the religious doctrines other than Jodo sect since old times (the past) up to the modern age.
Japanese: そのため、往時から現代に至るまで、浄土教以外の宗旨から批判を受けてきた。
English: Homyo' in Jodo Shinshu is the introduction of oneself showing that he/she is to be a disciple of Shaka or Shkyamuni (a disciple of the Buddha).
Japanese: 浄土真宗における「法名」（ほうみょう）とは、釈迦の弟子（仏弟子）となった名告り（なのり）である。
English: Though Homyo is misunderstood as a name given to the deceased, originally it is the name given by swearing to live as a disciple of Buddha throughout life.
Japanese: 故人に対して贈られる名前と誤解されているが、本来は、生きている間に仏弟子として生きていく事を誓い、授かる名である。
English: Homyo is given to Buddhist priests in Tokudo-shiki (or the ordination rites) held in the head temple and for follower in Okamisori (a Buddhist ceremony which is to confirm a follower as a certain level of religious steps) held in the head or branch temple by hoshu (high priest) (by '門主' for Jodo Shinshu Hongan-ji school, by '門首' for Shinshu sect Otani school).
Japanese: 僧侶は、本山で行われる得度式において、門徒は、本山・別院などで行われる帰敬式（ききょうしき〈「おかみそり」とも〉）において、法主（浄土真宗本願寺派は、「門主」・真宗大谷派は「門首」）より授かる。
English: Though recently it can be given in Tetsugi-dera Temple (an ancestral temple of Jodoshin sect) (which is the family temple for other sects), it is encouraged to be performed in the head temple.
Japanese: 近年では、手次寺（他宗でいう菩提寺の事）でも、授かることができるようになったが、なるべく本山にて授かる事が推奨されている。
English: It is based on enlightenment of Shinran, who is considered to be the founder of Jodoshin sect, in the position of hiso hizoku (non-priesthood, non-laity) by introducing himself to be 'Gutoku shaku Shinran' after being deprived of his priesthood due to banishment.
Japanese: 浄土真宗の開祖とされる親鸞が、流罪により僧籍を剥奪された後に、自らを「愚禿釋親鸞」と名告り非僧非俗の立場で教化された事に基づく。
English: Homyo', not 'Kaimyo' is given on the basis of doctrine without precepts that 'Ordinary people can not follow the precepts, so they are healed only by the oath of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata).
Japanese: 「凡夫たる衆生は、戒律を守る事ができないので、阿弥陀如来の誓願によってのみ救われる」という無戎の教義に基づき、「戒名」ではなく、「法名」を授かる。
English: Homyo has the Chinese character '釋' to show that one can become a disciple of Shaka or Shkyamuni (a disciple of the Buddha) and two Chinese characters (except '鸞', '如' and so on) selected among shogyo (Buddhist sutra) of main sutras.
Japanese: 法名は、釈迦の弟子（仏弟子）となったことをあらわす、「釋」の字を冠し、正依の聖教の中から2字が選ばれる（「鸞」・「如」等の字は、除く）。
English: The character '尼' is derived by changing the end of the word representing female in Sanskrit, not the meaning of Ama (Bikuni (female Buddhist disciple)) representing a female practitioner of austerities.
Japanese: 「尼」の字は、女性の出家修行者をあらわす尼（あま、比丘尼）の意味ではなく、女性をあらわすサンスクリット語の語尾が変化したもの。
English: The character '尼' is sometimes not used for females in consideration of the doctrine which is supposed to be totally equal in terms of gender (now, it is not used in Tokudo-shiki and Okamisori in Hongan-ji school).
Japanese: 性差別の問題、一切において平等という教義の問題から女性に、「尼」の字をつけない場合がある（本願寺派では現在、得度式・帰敬式には用いない）。
English: In Shinshu Takada sect, the form '釋xxyy' is used on the basis of the form 'shaku (Buddha), dogo (a pseudonym as a priest) (two characters) plus homyo (two characters)' ('xx' and 'yy' are replaced with two Chinese characters.).
Japanese: 真宗高田派は、「釋+道号（2字）+法名（2字）」の形で、「釋××○○」である。
English: Though the rules for making homyo depend on the schools, it is possible to choose one character from one's secular name if the chief priest of one's tetsugi-dera Temple selects (e.g. '光雲院釋眞幸' for Konosuke MATSUSHITA, '華文院釋正業' for Shotaro IKENAMI).
Japanese: 宗派によって異なるが、所属する手次寺の住職選定による法名であれば、法名に俗名から一字用いる事が可能である（例：松下幸之助…「光雲院釋眞幸」・池波正太郎…華文院釋正業）。
English: Ingo' was originally a name given to the person who contributed greatly enough to build the temple.
Japanese: 「院号」は、本来、寺を建立する位の貢献をした者に送られる名前であった。
English: Some opposes the use of Ingo based on the doctrine that all living things are equal in Jodo.
Japanese: しかし、浄土においては一切の衆生は平等であるという教えにより、一部で院号を用いる事に対し、反対する意見もある。
English: However, the head temple will not admit it, and the branch temples only use it due to the will of the deceased or the request of his/her family.
Japanese: しかし、本山として認めてはおらず、あくまでも末寺が、故人の遺言・遺族の希望などにより付けていたに過ぎない。
English: Kanchu Chutai (year of birth unknown-April 30, 1406) was the ninth priest of Shokoku-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: 観中中諦（かんちゅうちゅうたい、？-1406年4月3日）は京都の相国寺9世。
English: According to the recent study, he is considered to be the real writer of 'Gusei' so called 'Shonen oiyasuku gaku narigatashi' which used to be considered to the work of Chu His (1130-1200).
Japanese: 最近の研究によって朱子（1130年-1200年）の作とされていた「偶成」、いわゆる「少年老いやすく学なりがたし」の真の作者と考えられている。
English: This phrase (poem) is included with the title 'Shingakusai' in "Seishoshu" (included in "Kanchuroku Seishoshu" issued by Shokoku-ji Temple, translated and commented by Sonin KAJITANI))
Japanese: この成句（詩）は、『青嶂集』（相国寺刊・梶谷宗忍訳注『観中録・青嶂集』所収）に、「進学斎」という題で収録されている。
English: Kokuanten (Sanskrit:Kālarātri,Kālarātrī) was one of Tembu-shin in Buddhism.
Japanese: 黒闇天（こくあんてん、サンスクリット：Kālarātri、Kālarātrī）は、仏教における天部の神の1つ。
English: She was also called Kokuannyo, 黒夜天, 暗夜天, 黒夜神, another name "Kokuni" (KālakarNī, meaning of unhappiness and misfortune) and so on, and it originally means "the night of the world end" in the original language.
Japanese: 黒闇女、黒夜天、暗夜天、黒夜神、あるいは別名“黒耳”（こくに、KālakarNī、不幸・災難の意）などとも呼ばれ、その原語は、元来“世界終末の夜”を意味する。
English: Though she always goes with her elder sister, Kisshoten, Kokuanten with her ugly appearance and opposite character to her elder sister was said to be a goddess who brought misfortune and unhappiness.
Japanese: つねに姉の吉祥天と行動を共にするが、彼女の容姿は醜悪で性格は姉と正反対で、災いや不幸をもたらす神とされる。
English: The twelfth article of "Nehan-gyo Sutra" (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) shows that 'the younger sister called Kokuannyo brings people evil while the elder sister called Kudokuten brings people good luck.'
Japanese: 『涅槃経』12には「姉を功徳天と云い人に福を授け、妹を黒闇女と云い人に禍を授く。」
English: "Kuromimi" which was another name of Kokuanten in the original language in Hindooism was personalized and identified with Durga, the empress of Shiva (the god), and was considered to be the younger sister of Yama (Enma) (the god).
Japanese: ヒンドゥー教では、別名である原語の“黒耳”が擬人化され、シヴァ神の妃であるドゥルガーと同一視され、またヤマ（閻魔）神の妹とされた。
English: However, according to the descriptions '次黒夜神真言' and '此即閻羅侍后也' in the tenth article of "Dainichikyo-sho", she is considered to be Empress of Enma-o in midnight in Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism).
Japanese: ただし、『大日経疏』10に「次黒夜神真言。」「此即閻羅侍后也」などとあることから、密教では中夜を司り閻魔王の妃とする。
English: This is referred in the description 'the tool to attack diseases is called Yakuseki, and stones were used as acus in old ages while iron were used in modern ages for healing patients.' in the eighteenth version of 'Genno ongi' (annotation of Buddhist terms).
Japanese: 「玄応音義」巻18に「病を攻むるを薬石といふ、古人石を以て針となし、今人鉄を以てす、皆な病者を療す」とあるのはこれである。
English: Though the meals in the afternoon were prohibited in the precepts of Buddhism, the meals for medical treatment were referred to 'Yakuseki' because those were allowed.
Japanese: また、戒律上では、正午以後の食事は禁止されているが、病者があって医療のための食事は許されていたので、これを「薬石」と称した。
English: Obaku shingi' (Obaku Monastic Regulations) shows 'Yakuseki is dinner and Biku is prohibited to eat something in the afternoon, so dinner is called Yakuseki.'
Japanese: 「黄檗清規」に「薬石は晩食なり、比丘は午をすぐれば食はず、故に晩食を薬石と名づく。」
English: Kenrojishin is one of the Tembu-shin in Buddhism and controls earth.
Japanese: 堅牢地神（けんろうじしん）は、仏教における天部の神の1つで大地を司る。
English: It goes to places where Buddhism is spread to guard the Buddhist religious service of Buddha and Nyorai (Tathagata).
Japanese: また仏法が流布される処に赴いて、その仏・如来の法座の下にあって警護するという。
English: The eight articles of Kenrojishin of "Konkomyo-kyo Sutra" (Golden Light Sutra) shows that it seeks 資材珍宝伏蔵 and 神通長年妙薬 to cure illness for people.
Japanese: 『金光明王経』八堅牢地神品には、資材珍宝伏蔵及び、神通長年妙薬を求め、衆病を治癒医療する。
English: It also shows that Kenrojishin prepares dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) in the pure place, takes bath, wears the clean clothing, crouches on soza (a seat made of grass), holds the service for shoko (incense offering), sange and meals in front of busshari sonzo (the statue put Buddha's ashes) or in the place with shari seitei, and 請召 in 白月八日布灑星, in beating a bitter enemy and controlling various objections.
Japanese: また怨敵を降伏させ、諸々の異論を制御せんとする時、浄室において道場を安置し、身を沐浴し、鮮潔の衣をまとい、草座の上にうずくまり、仏舎利尊像がある前、または舎利制底ある所にて、焼香・散華・飯食供養し、白月八日布灑星合する時に請召するとある。
English: Besides, it is identified with Jiten, Prithivi, which is one of four Shukongoushin (good dieties protecting dharma) of Diamond World Mandala in Mikkyo.
Japanese: また密教では、金剛界曼荼羅の四執金剛神の一尊である地天と同一視する。
English: In Taizokai Mandala, male gods and their empresses as Kenrojishin are laid out in Gekongobu-in, outer court.
Japanese: 胎蔵界曼荼羅では堅牢地神として外金剛部院に男性神とその后が配列されている。
English: Both figures of male and female have female shapes in flesh color, and male gods have the pot with vivid flowers in his left hand.
Japanese: その形像は肉色で男女共に女形をなし、男神は左手に鮮やかな華を盛った鉢を持っている。
English: Eijitsu (1201 – January 21, 1215) was the third son of MINAMOTO no Yoriie, the second seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 栄実（えいじつ、建仁元年（1201年）-建保2年12月13日(旧暦)（1215年1月14日））は、鎌倉幕府第2代征夷大将軍源頼家の3男。
English: After his father's death he was brought up by Nakatsukasajo OWARI, but backed up as a Daishogun (command-in-chief) by Chikahira IZUMI, Gozoku (local ruling family) of the Shinano Province (the present Nagano Prefecture) who had antipathy toward the Hojo clan, and forced a conspiracy to assassinate Yoshitoki HOJO, when the conspiracy was exposed in March, 1213, he was arrested by the Hojo clan (Chikahira IZUMI War).
Japanese: 父の死後、尾張中務丞によって養育されていたが、北条氏に反感を持つ信濃国（現在の長野県）の豪族泉親衡に大将軍として擁立されて北条義時誅殺の陰謀に加担させられるが、建保元年（1213年）2月にこれが露見して北条氏によって捕縛された（泉親衡の乱）。
English: In December 1213, following the order of his grandmother Masako HOJO, he became a priest and a disciple of Eisai, and named his homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) Eijitsu.
Japanese: 同年11月、祖母北条政子の命によって出家し、栄西の弟子になって法名を栄実とした。
English: In 1214, backed up by the remnants (of a defeated party) of the Wada clan when he stayed in Kyoto, he tried to attack the Rokuhara government, however, the plot was discovered by the bakufu side and on January 21, 1215, when he was attacked by them in an inn around north of Ichijo, he committed suicide.
Japanese: 建保2年（1214年）、京都滞在時に和田氏の残党に擁立されて六波羅を襲撃しようとしたが計画が幕府方に露見し、同年12月13日、一条北辺の旅亭で幕府方の襲撃を受けて自殺した。
English: Jogyo zanmai-do hall is a type of Buddhist hall built to perform the jogyo zanmai which is one of the Shishuzanmai (the four kinds of samadhi) of the Tendai sect.
Japanese: 常行三昧堂（じょうぎょうざんまいどう）とは、天台宗において四種三昧のうち常行三昧の行を修するために建てられた仏堂である。
English: Although the Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) is placed as the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple), this hall is not an Amida-do hall for the Amida worship, but an hall for the purpose of exercise of the Jogyo zanmai-gyo.
Japanese: 阿弥陀如来を本尊とするが、信仰の対象として建てられた阿弥陀堂と異なり常行三昧行を修するための仏堂である。
English: Therefore this type of hall was often built in the Tendai sect temple having ascetic exercise halls such as the Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: このことから、比叡山延暦寺をはじめとする天台宗の修行道場をおく寺院に建てられることが多い。
English: It is thought that the first Jogyo zanmai-do hall in Japan was built by Ennin in 851 at the Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 日本における常行三昧堂については、851年（仁寿元年）円仁が比叡山に建立したものが始まりとされる。
English: In the Jogyo zanmai-do hall, the Jogyo zanmai exercise is performed which involves walking around the Amida Nyorai for 90 days while praying to Amida Buddha and revering the Amida Nyorai in mind.
Japanese: 常行三昧堂では、90日間阿弥陀如来の周囲を念仏を唱えつつ、また心に阿弥陀如来を念じながら歩く常行三昧の行を行う。
English: For that reason, most of the halls are square shaped, the Amida Nyorai is placed at the center of the hall and the roof is hogyo-zukuri style (all the roof ridges gathering at the center).
Japanese: このことから、常行三昧堂は堂の中心に阿弥陀如来を安置した方形の堂であり、屋根は宝形造が多い。
English: It may built along with a hokke-do hall which is a type of Buddhist hall built to perform the Hokke-zanmai (Dharma-Lotus Samadhi) exercise which is an important exercise of the Tendai sect along with the Jogyo zanmai.
Japanese: 常行三昧とともに天台宗の重要な行とされる法華三昧を修するための堂である法華堂とともに建てられることある。
English: He was a scholar monk in Saitokitadani of Mt. Hiei and it is known that Honen at the age of 13 first studied under him.
Japanese: 比叡山西塔北谷の学僧で、法然が13歳で最初に師事したことで知られる。
English: It is also said that he found the ability of young Honen and realized that he could not teach any more then he sent Honen to Koen, as known as Kotokuin Ajari.
Japanese: 若き法然の才覚を見抜き、自分ではこれ以上教えることがないとして、功徳院阿闍梨こと皇円の許に送ったとされる。
English: It is told that 'Genku' the hoi (given name to a Buddhist priest) of Honen was named after "Gen" of Genko and "Ku" of Eiku.
Japanese: 法然の法諱である「源空」は、この源光と叡空から各々一字ずつを取って命名したものと伝わる。
English: Shingonshu juhachi honzan is an organization consisting of the 18 Head Temples of schools in the Shingon sect.
Japanese: 真言宗十八本山（しんごんしゅうじゅうはちほんざん）は、真言宗各派の大本山である18の寺のこと。
English: Although this organization was established for communication and adjustment between the schools of the sect, recently it has become known also as a popular pilgrimage route.
Japanese: 各山の連絡・調整などのためのものだが、最近では人気の巡礼コースとしても取り上げられている。
English: Shingonshu kakuha sodaihonzankai (group of head temples of each school of Shingon sect) places its office in the Chiseki-in, Grand head temple of Chisan school of Shingon sect in the Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 真言宗各派総大本山会は事務局を京都市東山区の真言宗智山派総本山智積院に置く。
English: Daishi-do hall is a type of Buddhist hall in Japan built to enshrine and pray to a priest who was entitled as Daishi (literally a great master, an honorific title given by the Imperial Court).
Japanese: 大師堂（だいしどう）は、日本における仏堂の呼称の1つで、大師(僧)を贈られた僧を礼拝の対象として祀るものである。
English: Although most Buddhist halls called 'Daishi-do' enshrine Kukai (Kobo Daishi) (774 - 835) who was the founder of the Shingon sect, there are some halls called 'Daishido' which enshrine Enchin (Chisho Daishi) and Ryogen (Gensan Daishi, Jikei Daishi).
Japanese: 「大師堂」と称する仏堂には、真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師）（774年-835年）を祀るものが多いが、円珍（智証大師）、良源（慈恵大師、元三大師）を祀る堂で「大師堂」と称するものもある。
English: Every temple in the Shikoku's eighty-eight sacred places surely has a Daishi-do which enshrines Kukai, and it is common to visit to pray the Daishi-do as well as the hondo (main hall).
Japanese: 四国八十八箇所の寺には、空海を祀る大師堂が必ずあり、遍路の際には本堂と共に大師堂にも参拝することがならわしとなっている。
English: Make a bow at the front of the sanmon gate (temple gate), wash the hands and rinse the mouth at the mizuya (washing place), then toward the hondo, serve senko (incense stick) and candle, dedicate a shirofuda which is regarded as a hand-copied sutra of the Hannya-shingyo then chant the Hannya-shingyo Sutra.
Japanese: 山門前で一礼、水屋で、手を洗い口をすすいだ後、本堂に向かい線香、ローソクをあげ、般若心経の写経である白札を奉納し、般若心経を唱える。
English: There many shops called Daishi-do named after Kobo Daishi which are butugu (Buddhist religious objects) shop, gravestone shop, funeral business, acupuncture clinic and so on.
Japanese: 弘法大師にあやかり、大師堂を名乗る仏具店、墓石店、葬祭業、鍼灸院などが多数存在する。
English: Anrakuju-in Temple Daishi-do: It was rebuild using the material of the Shinmito pagoda which had collapsed with the earthquake in 1596.
Japanese: 安楽寿院大師堂1596年（慶長元年）の地震で倒壊した新御塔の材を用い再建された。
English: Suma-dera Temple Daishi-do: The completion ceremony was held at October 17, 2007.
Japanese: 須磨寺大師堂2007年（平成19年10月17日）に落慶法要が行われた。