nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, all the possible calligraphic styles of the transitional period in those days were used in Kyoen Kankan: from pure tensho (seal script), through 'korei' (old clerical script) which was early reisho (close to reisho) to reisho with complete hataku (horizontal lines ending in a noticeable triangular tail that were specific to reisho) which is called Happunrei; thereby the process of reihen was revealed.
Japanese: しかし居延漢簡には純粋な篆書からはじまって、隷書になりかけた初期の隷書である「古隷」、完全な波磔（はたく、隷書独特の大きなはらい）を持つ隷書＝八分隷までこの時代考え得る移行期の書体が全て使用されており、隷変の過程が明らかになった。
English: Until then, reihen was thought to occur in a linear manner: tensho, korei to happunrei.
Japanese: それまで隷変は篆書→古隷→八分隷と直線的に起こったと考えられていた。
English: However, because korei and happunrei coexisted in Kyoen Kankan in almost the same period, it was concluded that happunrei was originally one calligraphic style of reisho and it became the standard later in lieu of shoho (penmanship, calligraphy) of korei.
Japanese: しかし、居延漢簡でほぼ同時代に古隷と八分隷が混在していることから、元々八分隷は隷書の書風の一つであって、それが古隷の書法に代わり後に標準となったと結論づけられたのである。
English: In addition to its value in calligraphy history, its simple calligraphic style created by common people became popular as penmanship and now people often copy it as the work of calligraphy or imitate its calligraphic style.
Japanese: このような書道史上の価値もさることながら、一般民衆の手になる素朴な書風が書蹟として愛好されるようになり、現在では書作品として臨書されたり書風を模倣されたりすることも多い。
English: It was created by artificially hybridizing 'Yamada Ear' and 'Dwarf Watashibune' at Hyogo Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station (now Hyogo Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Technology General Center) in Yashiro Town, Kato County, Hyogo Prefecture (present-day Kato City) in 1923, and its adaptability to the production areas was tested in sake rice production regions (presently, sake rice testing areas) in 1928.
Japanese: 1923年に兵庫県加東郡社町（現：加東市）の兵庫県立農事試験場（現：兵庫県立農林水産技術総合センター）で「山田穂」「矮性渡船」を人工交配させて誕生し、1928年に酒造米生産地（現酒米試験地）で産地適応性の試験が行われた。
English: Although it has been cultivated across Japan ever since, Yamada-nishiki produced in Hyogo Prefecture accounts for 80% of the national yield.
Japanese: その後、全国でも栽培されているが、全国の生産量8割を兵庫県産が占める。
English: Miki City and a part of Kato City, especially, are designated as the 'area graded special A,' and the rice produced in these areas is particularly valued, as expressed by a saying: 'Before buying good sake rice, you should buy good land.'
Japanese: 特に、三木市や加東市の一部は特A地区に指定されており、「酒米買うなら土地を買え」と名言を言われるぐらいこの地区産のものが特に珍重されている。
English: (however, the designation of the area as a good rice-producing land is based on the historical association with that particular production area, and this does not necessarily reflect the quality of rice produced there.)
Japanese: （ただし、この地区指定は栽培地域の歴史的経緯に基づくものであり、必ずしも生産される米の品質を反映しているわけではない。)
English: (This is greatly different from the system of the area designation for the cultivation of edible rice, which renews its evaluation every year).
Japanese: （この点で、毎年評価が更新される食用米の地区指定とは意味合いが大きく異なる）。
English: The cultivation is carried out in the mountain areas or basins where the paddy soil is argilliferous, particularly in the valleys and basins between medium-sized mountains with their eastern and western sides wide and open, where the day temperature difference during the summer is more than 10ºC.
Japanese: 水田土壌は粘土質、地形は山間または盆地となっており、なかでも、東西に開けた中山間の谷あいや盆地では、夏季の気温の日較差は10℃以上に達する所である。
English: The grain of rice is large and the starchy part in the middle called 'shinpaku' is also large and prominent in the center of the grain.
Japanese: 米粒ならびに中心部にある「心白」というデンプン質が大きく、かつ、鮮明に中央にある。
English: It is suitably cultivated where the soil is argilliferous and the temperature difference between the day and night is considerable in summer.
Japanese: 粘土の多い土地で、夏の間、昼と夜の気温の違いが大きい場所が栽培適地。
English: The preservation districts for groups of important historic buildings refer to 'Historic Buildings Preservation Areas' ordained by local authorities under Article 144 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties of Japan, of which the state (Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) selects those which are especially important.
Japanese: 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区（じゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく）は、日本の文化財保護法第144条に基づき、市町村が条例等により決定した「伝統的建造物群保存地区」のうち、特に価値が高いものとして国（文部科学大臣）が選定したものを指す。
English: They are often summarily referred to in Japanese as 'judenkenchiku,' 'judenken' or 'denken.'
Japanese: 略して「重伝建地区（じゅうでんけんちく）」、または「重伝建」、「伝建」と称することが多い。
English: The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties defines 'a group of historic buildings' as that which forms a historic landscape in unison with its surrounding environments such as towns formed around castles, posts (shukuba), Shinto shrines, Buddhist temples, ports, and/or farming or fishing villages.
Japanese: 文化財保護法で言う「伝統的建造物群」とは、城下町、宿場町、門前町、寺内町、港町、農漁村などの、周囲の環境と一体をなして歴史的風致を形成している伝統的建造物群を指す。
English: This system is designed to preserve cultural property buildings in their 'aspect' (as a group) rather than as 'point' (individual entities).'
Japanese: この制度は、文化財としての建造物を「点」（単体）ではなく「面」（群）で保存しようとするものである。
English: In the preservation areas it specifies not only buildings such as temples, shrines, houses, or warehouses but also 'structures' including gates, mud and stone walls, canals, and tombs, as well as 'environmental properties' such as gardens, hedges and trees.
Japanese: 保存地区内では社寺、民家、蔵などの建築物はむろん、門、土塀、石垣、水路、墓などの「工作物」、庭園、生垣、樹木などの「環境物件」を特定している。
English: The local authorities determine 'preservation districts for groups of historic buildings' based on their city planning programs or ordinances.
Japanese: 市町村は都市計画または条例により「伝統的建造物群保存地区」を定める。
English: The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology then 'selects' (rather than 'designates') those which are most important based on local authorities' recommendations.
Japanese: 文部科学大臣は市町村の申し出に基づき（「指定」ではなく）「選定」を行うこととされている。
English: In many selected preservation districts for groups of important historic buildings, roads have not been made suitable for automobile traffic.
Japanese: 重伝建に選定される伝統的建造物群の中の道路形態は、自動車交通に対応していないところが多い。
English: This is because most of the selected districts are located on islands or in mountainous regions which have been left out from the development of infrastructures and which have therefore remained inconvenient for traffic, resulting in the decline of local industries.
Japanese: これは、インフラ整備などによる開発から取り残されたり、元々交通の不便な島嶼や山間部にある集落で、産業が衰退したことなどにより結果的に伝統的な建造物が残ったところが多いためである。
English: Many issues therefore have arisen as to the relationship between historic buildings and city planning roads, or the handling of automobile traffic caused by increasing tourists when a district is selected for national preservation.
Japanese: 重伝建選定時の伝統的建造物と都市計画道路との関係や、観光客の増加に伴う自動車交通への対応などが課題になることが多い。
English: Unmannerly behaviours of increasing tourists (noises, rubbish, traffic jams, etc.) may become negative factors for those who live in the areas.
Japanese: また、増加した観光客のマナー問題（騒音、ごみ、交通渋滞など）などによって、そこで生活する住民にとってマイナス要素となることがある。
English: In Tomonoura, Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, the local authority cancelled a plan for building a bridge by reclaiming the Tono port as well as a townscape preservation plan since it considered that the bridge construction over the reclaimed port was inseparable from the preservation of the townscape.'
Japanese: 広島県福山市の鞆の浦では、市の「鞆港埋立による架橋計画と町並み保存は一体」との考えから、埋め立て架橋計画の白紙化と共に町並み保存計画も白紙化された。
English: Inhabitants who want the area to be selected as nationally important historic buildings district urged the city to go ahead with the townscape preservation plan independently of the bridge construction plan.
Japanese: 重伝建の選定を望む住民などは、架橋計画とは切り離して町並み保存計画を進めるよう要望している。
English: Cooperation between the administration and inhabitants is essential when a historic buildings area is recommended as a preservation district for a group of important historic buildings.
Japanese: 重伝建の選定にあたっては行政と住民の協力が欠かせないものとなっている。
English: The preservation districts which have been changed due to the merger of local governments are all listed under their new names.
Japanese: 市町村合併に伴い保存地区名が改称されたものについては、改称後の地区名を表示した。
English: The district types are based on the National Cultural Properties Database (see the section on the External Links).
Japanese: 種別の分類は国指定文化財等データベース（外部リンクの項参照）による。
English: Other district types than listed on the database are taken from the System of "Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings" (see the section on the External Links).
Japanese: 上記に未載の地域は、全国伝統的建造物群保存地区協議会（外部リンクの項参照）による。
English: It is also called Azuma ningyo (Azuma doll) and Kyo ningyo (Kyo doll) and is fondly referred to as "Ichimasan" in the Keihan area (Kyoto-Osaka area).
Japanese: 東人形、京人形とも呼ばれ、京阪地方では『いちまさん』の愛称で親しまれている。
English: Ichimatsu ningyo, which consists of a head and limbs made from the mixture of sawdust of paulownia wood and wheat starch, or from wood, painted with a white pigment made from oyster shells (or that made from clam shells), connected to a body made from a sawdust-stuffed cloth, is sold naked and the purchaser makes its costume.
Japanese: 桐塑または木で出来た頭と手足に胡粉（ごふん、蛤粉ともいう）を塗り、おがくずを詰め込んだ布で出来た胴につなげた人形で、裸の状態で売られ、衣装は購入者が作成する。
English: It ranges in size from as small as 20 centimeters to larger than 80 centimeters, but it is generally around 40 centimeters high.
Japanese: 大きさは20cmほどの小さいものから80cmを超えるものまであるが、40cm前後のものが一般的である。
English: There are girl and boy dolls, and the girl doll has a bobbed hair transplanted and the hair of the boy doll is drawn with a brush.
Japanese: 女児の人形と男児の人形とがあり、女児の人形はおかっぱ頭に植毛が施され、男児の人形は頭髪が筆で書かれている。
English: There are three widely held explanations regarding the origin of the name of Ichimatsu ningyo; the name came from Ichimatsu SANOGAWA, a kabuki actor in the mid- Edo period, who resembles the doll in its face, the name carries the connotation of the doll for kids whose prevailing name at that time was 'Ichimatsu,' and it was named so because it was sold with a checkered pattern costume.
Japanese: 市松人形の名前の由来としては、顔立ちが江戸時代中期の歌舞伎役者、佐野川市松に似ていたため市松人形と名付けられたと言う説、当時「市松」と言う子供が多かったので、子供の人形と言う意味合いで市松人形と呼ばれたと言う説、市松模様の衣装を着せて売られていたため、市松人形と名付けられたと言う説がある。
English: When people referred to 'doll' in Edo, they almost always meant Ichimatsu ningyo, but it was gradually replaced by dolls made of celluloid and soft vinyl and came to be used for ornamental purpose.
Japanese: 江戸で「人形」と言えば市松人形を指すほどだったが、子供のおもちゃとしては壊れやすいことから、次第にセルロイド製の人形やソフトビニール製の人形に追われ、観賞用へと用途が変化していった。
English: Because of it, some Ichimatsu ningyo made for ornamental purpose cannot change their outfits.
Japanese: そのため、観賞用途で作られた市松人形には、着せ替えを行えないものもある。
English: After the doll was given to the U.S. as a friendship doll in 1927, it temporarily gained popularity, but it could not make a comeback as a toy.
Japanese: 1927年、友情人形としてアメリカ合衆国に贈られたことから、一時期、人気が出たが、おもちゃとしての復権までには至らなかった。
English: Most of the currently marketed Ichimatsu ningyo consist of a head made from gypsum and a body made from polyurethane to be placed next to hina doll (a doll displayed at the Girls' Festival).
Japanese: 現在市販されている市松人形は、ひな人形の脇に置かれるものとして、頭部が石膏、体がポリウレタンで作られたものが多い。
English: Ichimatsu ningyo which can sit down and change the clothes is produced and sold by professional doll makers as traditional crafts.
Japanese: 座りや着せ替えができるタイプは、専門の人形作家の手によって伝統工芸品として制作・販売されている。
English: Toso is the clay made by mixing sawdust of paulownia with shofu-nori (wheat starch paste) and is sometimes blended with washi (Japanese paper) in order to provide strength.
Japanese: 桐の粉末に正麩糊（しょうふのり）をまぜて作った粘土で、強度を出すために和紙が混ぜ込まれているものもある。
English: As it has better detail reproducibility than soil clay and its surface can be carved like wood, it is used for mass production of wood carving.
Japanese: 土の粘土に比べ細部の再現性がよく、木のように表面を彫刻することが出来るため、木彫を量産したい場合に使用される。
English: Buried cultural properties are cultural properties (cultural heritages) that are found under the ground.
Japanese: 埋蔵文化財（まいぞうぶんかざい）は、地中に埋蔵された状態で発見される文化財（文化遺産）である。
English: Under Article 92 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (Article 57 of the former Protection Law [took effect until March 31, 2005]), buried cultural properties are defined as 'cultural properties whichare buried underground,' but they are practically taken as almost synonymous with remains and archaeological materials subjected to the study of archaeology.
Japanese: 埋蔵文化財は、日本の文化財保護法上の定義では、第92条（旧第57条[以下平成17年3月31日まで施行されていた条文を「旧」で示す]）の「土地に埋蔵されている文化財」としているが、事実上、考古学の研究対象となる遺跡あるいは考古資料とほぼ同義である。
English: Specifically, however, 'buried cultural property' refers to an ancient structural remnant that is recognized worth as a cultural property buried under the ground and a relic, which is defined as a 'hidden treasure' under Article 241 of the Civil Codes, that is estimated to be worth as a cultural property, and in terms of the scope of remains, 'the well-known archaeological and/or historical subsoil' is defined as 'any site well-known to contain buried cultural property such as shell mounds, ancient tombs or others' under Article 93 of the Protection Law (Article 57-2 of the former Protection Law).
Japanese: ただし、厳密には「埋蔵文化財」といった場合、土地に埋蔵されている文化財としての価値が認められる遺構と文化財としての価値が推定される民法第241条の「埋蔵物」としての遺物のことを指しており、面的な遺跡及び遺跡の範囲としてとらえた場合は、第93条（旧第57条の2）の「貝塚、古墳その他埋蔵文化財を包蔵する土地として周知されている土地」として「周知の埋蔵文化財包蔵地」が定義されている。
English: The scope of 'ancient structural remnant' that is recognized worth as a cultural property buried under the ground and 'relic' that is estimated to be worth as a tangible cultural property, or the legal scope of 'buried cultural property,' was defined by the 'notice concerning the protection of buried cultural properties and facilitation of their excavation researches, etc.,' issued by the Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Affairs to the Directors of the Prefectural Boards of Education as of September 29, 1998, or the so-called 'notice for facilitation' of 1998.
Japanese: 土地に埋蔵されている文化財としての価値が認められる「遺構」、および、有形文化財としての価値が推定される「遺物」の範囲、すなわち、法的に「埋蔵文化財」として取り扱うことのできる範囲は、1998年（平成10年）9月29日付文化庁次長による都道府県教育委員会教育長あての「埋蔵文化財の保護と発掘調査の円滑化等について（通知）」、いわゆる平成10年の「円滑化通知」によって定義された。
English: According to this notice, the 'principles for the scope of buried cultural properties' are as follows.
Japanese: それによると、「埋蔵文化財として扱う範囲に関する原則」は、以下のとおりである。
English: Remains of the early modern period, which are necessary for the region, can be covered.
Japanese: 近世に属する遺跡については、地域において必要なものを対象とすることができること。
English: Remains of the modern times and the present day, which are of significant importance for the region, can be covered.
Japanese: 近現代の遺跡については、地域において特に重要なものを対象とすることができること。
English: The notice also indicated that as 'elements of one standard as the scope of buried cultural properties,' 'the age and type of a remain be regarded as the principal element and historic features of the region the remain is located, the complementary relationship between literal data (history), pictures and figures, folklore materials and other materials, the situation existing remnant of the remain, and the amount of information obtained from such site be the secondary elements.'
Japanese: 「埋蔵文化財として扱う範囲の一基準の要素」として、「遺跡の時代・種類を主たる要素とし、遺跡の所作する地域の歴史的な特性、文献資料(歴史学)・図像資料・民俗資料その他の資料との補完関係、遺跡の遺存状況、遺跡から得られる情報量等を副次的要素とする」よう指示がなされた。
English: When any earthenware fragment is collected by a distribution survey conducted in the archaeological and/or historical subsoil or any relic is excavated as a result of an investigation, the finder shall notify the local police station of the discovery within one (1) week of the day of discovery under Article 13 of the Lost Property Act ('report on discovery of hidden treasure').
Japanese: 埋蔵文化財包蔵地内を分布調査して土器片を採集したり、調査した結果、遺物が出土した場合、これを発見した日から一週間以内に遺失物法第13条によって所轄の警察署に届け出ることになっている（「埋蔵物発見届」）。
English: The legal interpretation is that a relic before being unearthed is a 'hidden treasure' in accordance with the Civil Codes, but once it is unearthed or picked up, it is regarded as a 'found article.'
Japanese: 掘り出される以前は民法上の「埋蔵物」であり掘り出されたり拾われた時点で「拾得物」となるという法的解釈がなされている。
English: In case a hidden treasure placed as a found article before the police station is recognized as a potential cultural property, the chief of police shall submit the 'document for buried cultural property' to the Boards ofEducation of prefectures, designated cities and core cities in accordance with Article 101 of the Protection Law (Article 60 of the former Protection Law).
Japanese: 警察署では、拾得物として受け付けた埋蔵物が文化財と認められるときは、法101条（旧第60条）に基づき管轄の都道府県、政令指定都市及び中核市の教育委員会に「埋蔵文化財提出書」を提出する。
English: Also, the finder shall submit the 'certificate of custody of buried cultural property' to the Boards ofEducation of prefectures, designated cities and core cities and upon finding the said object to be a cultural property under Article 102 of the Protection Law (Article 61 of the former Protection Law), the 'notice of recognition as a cultural property' shall be sent to the police station with a copy sent to the finder.
Japanese: また、発見者は、「埋蔵文化財保管証」を管轄の都道府県、政令指定都市及び中核市の教育委員会に提出し、これを照合することによって法102条（旧法61条）の鑑査が行われ、実物を見たことと同様にみなし、「文化財認定の通知」を警察署に行い、発見者にも認定通知の写しが送付される。
English: At this point, the object is finally designated as a cultural property.
Japanese: 出土品は、この時点でようやく正式に文化財として認定されたことになる。
English: It would say that the characteristic lies in its system to legally recognize even an earthenware fragment as a cultural property without being designated as the historic site.
Japanese: 内容がたとえ土器片一点であっても、指定されることなしに法的に文化財として認定する制度があることに特徴があるといえる。
English: They were listed in "Koshin gegaki", a book written by Sosa KOSHIN (Hogensai) of Omotesenke (the house of Omotesenke), a great grandson of Rikyu.
Japanese: 利休の曾孫にあたる表千家の江岑宗左（逢源斎）の記した「江岑夏書」（こうしんげがき）の中で挙げられている。
English: The term "Jittetsu" (ten leading disciples) is sometimes used by adding Nagamasu ODA (Urakusai), Doan SEN (a son of Rikyu) and Murashige ARAKI (Dokun).
Japanese: 織田長益（有楽斎）、千道安（利休の実子）、荒木村重（道薫）を加えて「十哲（じってつ）」と呼称される場合もある。
English: Further, there are various views such as the one that asserts Toshinaga MAEDA should be included instead of Doan SEN, or the one that asserts Toyouji ARIMA or Nagachika KANAMORI should be included.
Japanese: また、千道安を除いて前田利長が入る、有馬豊氏、あるいは金森長近を加えるなど諸説ある。
English: At any rate, however, these persons came to be called Rikyu shichitetsu later, not from the beginning.
Japanese: しかし、いずれも後世呼称されたもので、当時からそのように呼ばれていたわけではない。
English: Separately from Rikyu shichitetsu, three military commanders who were particularly excellent among the disciples of Rikyu, Ujisato GAMO, Munetsuna SHIBAYAMA (Kenmotsu) and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, were collectively called Rikyu-mon sanninnshu.
Japanese: 利休七哲に加えて利休門三人衆といい、利休門下の武将のなかで、特に優れていたといわれる、蒲生氏郷、芝山宗綱（監物）、細川忠興の三人の武将がいる。
English: Edomae-zushi (江戸前ずし, also written as 江戸前鮨, 江戸前鮓 or江戸前寿司) is haya-zushi (quick sushi), centered on nigiri-zushi (hand-shaped sushi).
Japanese: 江戸前ずし（江戸前鮨、江戸前鮓、江戸前寿司）は握りずしを中心とした、早ずしである。
English: Edomae originally meant the sea in front of the Edo castle or the fish there, but later, it referred to the fish and shellfish in the Tokyo bay as well.
Japanese: 江戸前とはもともと江戸城前面の海、あるいはここで獲れる魚をいうが、後に東京湾の魚介にも拡がった。
English: However, as the term 'Edomae-zushi' became widespread, 'Edomae' was frequently omitted.
Japanese: しかし「江戸前ずし」の名が普及するとともに「江戸前」があまり使われなくなった。
English: In the narrow sense, 'Edomae-zushi' means the sushi using the fish and shellfish caught in the Tokyo bay or the one made by using the technique that was popular until the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 狭義に「江戸前ずし」を東京湾の魚介を使用したすし、あるいは明治の始めくらいまでの技法を中心としたすしとすることもある。
English: However, in the broad sense, 'Edomae-zushi' means the whole sushi provided in the sushi shops that mainly serve Edo (Tokyo)-style nigiri-zushi (this article will focus on the 'Edomae-zushi' in the broad sense).
Japanese: しかしながら、広義には、江戸（東京）風の握りずしを中心としたすし店て提供されるすし全般を「江戸前ずし」という（本稿では広義の「江戸前ずし」を対象とする）。
English: Edomae-zushi is centered on the nigiri-zushi mainly made of hand-shaped cooked vinegared rice topped with raw fish and shellfish, or marinated or cooked ones, including maki-zushi using kanpyo (gourd strip roll), chirashi-zushi (vinergared rice with thin strips of egg, pieces of raw fish, vegetables and crab meat arranged on top), and inro-zushi (cooked vinegared rice packed inside of a cooked squid).
Japanese: 主に魚介の生身や〆たもの、火を通したものと酢飯を握り合わせた握りずしが中心で、他にはカンピョウなどを細巻きにした巻きずし、ちらしずし、イカの印籠ずしなどがある。
English: Edomae-zushi, rarely made as a home-cooked meal, is basically the work by sushi chefs.
Japanese: 家庭で作られることはまれで、基本的にすし屋のすし、職人のすしである。
English: It mainly refers to the type made of hand-shaped cooked vinegared rice topped with raw fish and shellfish, marinated spotted shad or mackerel, boiled conger, cooked prawn, or an omelet placed on hand-shaped cooked vinegared rice.
Japanese: 主に魚介の生身やコハダやサバなどを〆たもの、煮マアナゴや蒸しエビなどの火を通したもの、卵焼きなどの「タネ」と酢飯を握り合わせたすし。
English: In most of sushi of this type, wasabi (Japanese horseradish), shoga (ginger) or oboro (chopped, cooked and pressed fish or shellfish formed into a solid that is flavored and colored; primarily sold as imitation crab) is inserted between a topping and vinegared rice, or is placed on the topping.
Japanese: ワサビやショウガ、オボロを間にはさむ（または上にのせる）ことが多い。
English: In the past, kanpyo was used for fixing topping items that were likely to drop, but nowadays, a seaweed cut like a belt is used instead.
Japanese: はがれやすいタネには、古くはカンピョウを使うことが多かったが、現代では海苔の帯をかける。
English: There is also the type of sushi in which soft and not-easy-to-fix-on-the-rice topping items, such as salmon roe and sea urchin, are placed on the top of a hand-shaped vinegared rice ball wrapped by a sheet of dried laver so that the topping does not drop.
Japanese: 握った酢飯のまわりを海苔で巻いて、イクラなどの小さなものや、ウニのようにやわらかくて握りにくいものを乗せたすしもある。
English: This type of sushi is called 'gunkan-maki' (literally, warship roll) and is said to have been invented in 1941 by 'Kyubey' a sushi shop in Ginza.
Japanese: このすしを「軍艦巻き」といって、1941年に銀座のすし屋「久兵衛」で考案されたものといわれる。
English: The topping items of Edomae-nigir-zushi are called 'tane' or 'neta' (reading 'tane' backwards) that is used as the jargon for 'tane.'
Japanese: 江戸前握りずしの具材を「タネ」といい、逆さにした符牒で「ネタ」とも呼ばれる。
English: The thin sushi roll wrapped by a half-size dried laver was the quintessential nori-maki and called 'teppo' (literally, gun) from its shape.
Japanese: 海苔半枚で巻いた「細巻き」が本来であり、その形から「鉄砲」とも呼ばれた。
English: However, nowadays, the term 'teppo' is mostly used for indicating the kanpyo-maki with wasabi.
Japanese: しかしながら、今では「鉄砲」というとワサビ入りのカンピョウ巻きのことを指す場合が多い。
English: Kappa-maki: the nori-maki with small pieces or strips of cucumber placed at the core.
Japanese: カッパ巻き：キュウリを千切り、または細長く切った一本を芯に巻いたもの。
English: In addition, futo-maki (or ichimai-maki: thick sushi roll) and temaki-zushi (hand rolled sushi) are also served in many Edomae-zushi shops.
Japanese: このほか、太巻き（一枚巻き）や手巻きも、多くの江戸前ずし店で提供されている。
English: Because originality can be easily introduced in maki-zushi, new rolling methods as well as new ingredients are adopted in recent times.
Japanese: 巻きずしは創作性が出しやすいため近年は新しい具材や新しい巻き方が登場している。
English: Chirashi-zushi served in today's Edomae-zushi shops features sushi rice with raw items accompanied by the toppings used for nigiri-zushi.
Japanese: 今日の江戸前ずし店でちらしずしは、寿司飯の上に生身を中心に握りずしと同様なタネを盛り付けたものが主流。
English: Until the prewar era, only cooked items using shiitake mushroom, vinegared lotus root, omelet, and oboro, boiled and seasoned conger, prawn and spotted shad, were adopted.
Japanese: 戦前まではシイタケ、酢バス、卵焼き、オボロを中心に、煮アナゴ、エビ、コハダなど、調理済みのタネをのみを入れることが多かった。
English: In the classification of sushi, the sushi in which a squid or a bamboo shoot is packed with sushi rice is classified as inro-zushi.
Japanese: すしの分類では、イカやタケノコなどの空洞にすし飯を詰めたすしを印籠ずしと分類する。
English: In the Edomae version, sushi rice mixed with chopped gourd, gari (slices of ginger pickled in sweetened vinegar) and mominori (toasted and crushed dried laver seaweed) is packed into the body of a boiled and seasoned squid, and the packed squid is served topped with the sauce called tsume.
Japanese: 江戸前イカの印籠ずしは、刻んだカンピョウやガリ、もみ海苔などを混ぜたすし飯を煮イカの胴につめ、ツメをかけて食べるすし。
English: The amount of salt and of sugar to be added depends on each sushi shop, but the amount of vinegar is around 360 ml for around 3.6 liters of rice.
Japanese: 店によって塩と砂糖の配合は千差万別でそれがその店の特徴となっているが、酢は概ね米2升につき2合くらいである。
English: Transfer the firm rice to a hangiri (wooden tub for cooling cooked sushi rice) while still being hot and mix it with sushi vinegar.
Japanese: やや固めに炊き上げた飯を熱々のうちに飯切りに移し、すし酢をあわせる。
English: Stir the rice with miyajima (shamoji [a wooden spoon]) like scooping and cutting it to mix sushi vinegar with the rice evenly.
Japanese: ミヤジマ（しゃもじ）を下から起こすように、切るように使ってすし酢をまわす。