nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Sons of the distinguished families making up the bakufu (shogunate), such as the Ise, Ueno and Odachi clans, are said to have followed Yoshiaki and gathered at Tomo.
Japanese: 伊勢氏や上野氏・大館氏など幕府を構成していた名家の子弟も義昭を頼り鞆に下向していたとされる。
English: Further, as shown above, taking into consideration that Tomo is the place where Takauji ASHIKAGA received the decree which lead to the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu, Sanyo Rai as a historian in the end of Edo period thus remarked: "Ashikaga (Muromachi bakufu) came to power in Tomo and got overthrown in Tomo."
Japanese: また、前述のように足利尊氏が室町幕府成立のきっかけとなる院宣を受け取った場所でもあるため幕末の歴史家頼山陽は“足利（室町幕府）は鞆で興り鞆で滅びた”と喩えた。
English: In the Edo period, Masanori FUKUSHIMA who ruled Bingo Province inaugurated a large scale construction of 'the Tomo-jo Castle' by enclosing with the walls the whole town of Tomo with the Tomo-yogai Fortress as the center, but the construction incurred Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's wrath and was thereby cancelled.
Japanese: 江戸時代になると備後国を領有した福島正則によって鞆要害を中心に市街地を取り囲む大規模な城郭「鞆城」の築城が始まるが、これが徳川家康の逆鱗に触れ工事は中止された。
English: Katsunari MIZUNO, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's younger cousin, took over the position of the governor of Bingo-Fukuyama Domain from the Fukushima clan, and set up a 'bugyosho' (Tomo Rural Magistrate Office) at the site of the ruined Tomo-jo Castle.
Japanese: その後、福島氏に代わり、徳川家康の従弟水野勝成が備後福山藩の領主となり、鞆城跡には奉行所（鞆奉行所）が設置された。
English: Katsutoshi MIZUNO, Katsunari's son, lived in Tomo at that time and was called 'Tomo Dono.'
Japanese: このとき勝成の息子である水野勝俊は鞆に住んでいたため「鞆殿」と呼ばれた。
English: Meanwhile, Tomonoura was repeatedly designated as a port of call for Joseon (Korean) diplomatic missions to Japan, and there remains an episode in which a Korean officer (従事官) named Yi Bang-won (李邦彦), a member of the eighth mission of 1711, praised the landscape of Tomonoura viewed from the Fukuzen-ji Temple where they stayed overnight as 'the most beautiful, picturesque scenery in the world east of Joseon' (the words were written down on the board and hung in on the wall inside the Taichoro Reception Hall of the Fukuzen-ji Temple).
Japanese: また、朝鮮通信使の寄航地にも度々指定され、1711年（正徳元年）の第8回通信使では従事官の李邦彦が宿泊した福禅寺から見た鞆の浦の景色を「日東第一形勝」（朝鮮より東の世界で一番風光明媚な場所の意）と賞賛した（この文を額にしたものが福禅寺対潮楼内に掲げられている）。
English: However, as navigation technique developed, the mainstream navigation shifted from 'Jinori' to 'Okinori' (the offshore navigation), which resulted in less necessity for awaiting a favorable tide to come at Tomonoura.
Japanese: しかし、航海技術が発達し「地乗り」から「沖乗り」が主流になった事により鞆の浦で潮待ちをする必要性は薄れていった。
English: Modern Tomonoura had gradually lost its importance as a hub, and even the enhanced land traffic convenience based on the opening of railroads by Tomotetsudo Co., Ltd., in 1913 could not prevent Tomonoura from failing to catch up the others amid the sweeping tide of modernization due to locational disadvantages of being an isolated tip of peninsula and lacking developable plains.
Japanese: 近代になると鞆の浦の拠点性はますます低下していき、1913年（大正3年）の鞆鉄道線開通により陸上交通の利便性は向上したものの、半島の先端という孤立した環境や開発可能な平野部が少ないことなどから近代化の波に取り残された。
English: By shrinking users after peaking in right after the Pacific War, the Tomo Keiben Tetsudo railroad (light railway service provided by Tomotetsudo Co., Ltd.,) was going out of service in 1954, due to unprofitability.
Japanese: 鞆軽便鉄道（鞆鉄道）の利用も太平洋戦争直後をピークに減少し1954年（昭和29年）には採算悪化などから廃止された。
English: On the contrary, as the place of extraordinary scenic beauty, the landscape of its east coast, consisting of Sensuishima and Bentenshima islands which had attracted a number of imperial families visits since the Meiji period, had been as highly esteemed as the Kannon-do of Bandai-ji Temple (Abuto Kannon [Buddhist goddess of Mercy]) located adjacent to the western Numakuma peninsula, thereby being chosen uppermost as a national park.
Japanese: その一方で景勝地としては、明治時代より天皇・皇后を始めとする皇族が好んで訪問してきた仙酔島や弁天島を含む東岸の景観が、沼隈半島の西部に隣接する磐台寺観音堂（阿伏兎観音）と並んで高い評価を受け、いち早く国立公園に指定された。
English: Presently, although few merchant ships call at Tomo Harbor, nevertheless it still is active as a fishery harbor which ushers fishing vessels in together with regular ferries and cruise ships.
Japanese: 現在では鞆港への商船の出入りは殆ど無く、連絡船、観光船を除けば、ほぼ漁港として用いられるのみである。
English: That kept Tomonoura from a wave of modernization, thereby having protected the old townscape with numerous old temples and shrines.
Japanese: しかし、こうしたことが開発の波に飲まれることなく古寺が数多く点在する古い街並みをとどめる要因になった。
English: Note that, as explained later, Tomonoura is today confronted with an issue of the bridge formation and other development plans which may largely change the appearance of the townscape of Tomo in the near future.
Japanese: ただし、後述するように現在架橋を始めとする整備計画があり、鞆の町並みは近い将来大きく姿を変える可能性もある。
English: For revitalizing Tomo-cho town, Hiroshima Prefecture announced a plan of reclaiming the harbor partially for roads and parks in 1983, but it was frozen for a while by the opposition campaign, and so on.
Japanese: 鞆町の活性策として1983年に港の一部を埋め立てて道路と公園を整備する構想が広島県から公表され、反対運動などから凍結されていた。
English: In 2004, however, a Tomo-cho born, pro-development mayor of the city won the election and unfroze the plan to be realized, and the citizens are now being forced to choose between conservation of the scenic beauty or development.
Japanese: しかし、2004年に鞆町出身で推進派の市長が当選したことから実現に向けて動きだし、景観か開発かの選択で揺れている。
English: Ankoku-ji Temple (Fukuyama City): The Shaka-do Buddhist Sanctum and the Amida Sanzon-zo Trinity and so on are designated as nationally designated important cultural properties, and the precincts is a prefecturally designated historical site of Hiroshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 安国寺(福山市)（釈迦堂、阿弥陀三尊像などが国の重要文化財、境内が広島県指定史跡）
English: Enpuku-ji Temple (Fukuyama City): Built over the ruins of Taigashima-jo Castle, and was an accommodation of feudal retainer of the Wakayama clan at the time of the Iroha-maru Sailboat incident)
Japanese: 円福寺(福山市)（大可島城跡に建てられている・いろは丸事件時の和歌山藩士の宿舎）
English: Fukuzen-ji Temple (Fukuyama City): The precincts is a nationally designated historical site as being the 'site for commemorating Joseon missions which visited the precincts of Tomo Fukuzen-ji Temple,' while the temple was founded by Kuya Shonin under the command of Emperor Murakami, and the Taichoro Reception Hall has the Joseon envoy's words of praise for the scenic beauty of Tomonoura, which read 'the most beautiful, picturesque scenery in the world east of Joseon' in Japanese.
Japanese: 福禅寺(福山市)（境内は「朝鮮通信使遺跡鞆福禅寺境内」として国の史跡に指定、村上天皇の命を受けた空也上人による創建　対潮楼には「日東第一形勝」の額が掲げられている）
English: Nunakuma-jinja Shrine: Named in 'Engishiki,' it is the shrine of history and high status; the Noh stage related to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and transferred from the Fushimi-jo Castle is nationally designated important cultural properties; and the torii gate made of stone is prefecturally designated important cultural properties of Hiroshima Prefecture; and this shrine is the principal shrine of Gion-jinja Shrine of Kyoto.
Japanese: 沼名前神社（「延喜式」に記載のある歴史と格式を誇る神社　伏見城から移築の豊臣秀吉ゆかりの能舞台が国の重要文化財、石鳥居が広島県指定重要文化財　京都祇園神社の本社に当る）
English: It used to be one of the islands at Tomonoura, but today the island is connected to the main island which was made so by land reclamation at the time of constructing the Tomo-jo Castle in Keicho era (1596 to 1615).
Japanese: -かつては鞆の浦に浮かぶ島のひとつだったが、慶長時代の鞆城築城時に埋め立てられ陸続きとなっている。
English: The Taishiden (a temple dedicated to the Imperial Prince Shotoku): About 15-munite walk on the mountain road will lead you to this Taishiden that offers panoramic views of the Sensuijima Island and the Seto Inland Sea.
Japanese: 太子殿（医王寺から山道を約15分ほど登ると太子殿があり、ここからの仙酔島と瀬戸内海の眺めは絶景である）
English: From south exit of Fukuyama Station of West Japan Railway Company (JR West) Sanyo Shinkansen, Sanyo Main Line and Fukuen Line, take Tomotetsu bus bound for 'Tomoko' (Platform 11) and get off at 'Tomonoura' bus stop after about 30 minutes ride.
Japanese: 西日本旅客鉄道山陽新幹線および山陽本線・福塩線福山駅南口から鞆鉄バス（11番のりば）「鞆港」行きで約30分、「鞆の浦」下車。
English: Until 1954, the Tomotetsudo Railway Line was available to and from Fukuyama Station, but it went out of service in 1954.
Japanese: 1954年（昭和29年）までは、鞆鉄道線が福山駅から発着していたが昭和29年に廃止。
English: On the west side of the mountain, there is a border between Settsu Province (now Osaka Prefecture) and Yamashiro Province (now Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 西側の山腹を、摂津国（現在の大阪府）と山城国（現在の京都府）の国境がよぎる。
English: The name of the mountain comes from Yamazaki Tennosha Shrine (now Tamadeyori Matsurikitaru Sakatoke-jinja Shrine) enshrining Gozu Tenno (deity said to be the Indian god Gavagriva) on the mountainside.
Japanese: 山名は、中腹に牛頭天王を祀る山崎天王社（現自玉手祭来酒解神社）があることに由来する。
English: Mt. Tenno is located at the south end of Nishi-yama mountain range on the west side of Kyoto Basin, and forms an isthmus with Mt. Otoko, east of Mt. Tenno.
Japanese: 京都盆地の西辺となる西山山系の南端に位置し、東の男山とのあいだで地峡を形成する。
English: In this isthmus, along the course of the Yodo-gawa River into which the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and the Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) merge, JR Kyoto Line (Tokaido Main Line), Tokaido Shinkansen (bullet train), Hankyu Kyoto Main Line and National Route 171 (Old Saigoku Kaido Road) are on the right bank, and Keihan Main Line and Old National Route 1 (now Kyoto Moriguchi Line of Kyoto and Osaka Prefectural Road 13 and Old Kyokaido Road) are on the left.
Japanese: この地峡には、桂川(淀川水系)・淀川・木津川(京都府)が合流して淀川となる川の流れに沿って、右岸にJR京都線（東海道本線）、東海道新幹線、阪急京都本線、国道171号（旧西国街道）が、左岸に京阪本線、旧国道1号（現・京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線、旧京街道）がある。
English: These are almost all routes between Kyoto and Osaka, which can be called the biggest major transport artery in the Kinki region including rivers which were once water routes.
Japanese: これらは、かつて水上交通路であった川筋をふくめて、近畿最大の大動脈である京阪間のほぼ全ての交通路が含まれる。
English: On the Kyoto Prefectural side, there is Oyamazaki Junction and Oyamazaki Interchange on Meishin Expressway where Keiji Bypass, which functions as a bypass of Meishin Expressway, diverges into Uji and Shiga (Meishin Seta Higashi Junction).
Japanese: また、その京都府側では名神高速道路の大山崎ジャンクション/大山崎インターチェンジがあり、名神高速道路のバイパス機能を持つ京滋バイパスが宇治・滋賀（名神瀬田東ジャンクション）方面へ分岐する。
English: It is abundant in groundwater in this area and is famous for Suntory Yamazaki Distillery on the Osaka Prefectural side of the south foot.
Japanese: また、当地は、豊富な地下水に恵まれており、南麓の大阪府側にサントリー山崎蒸留所が所在することでも有名。
English: In the Kinki region, Tennozan Tunnel is famous for the traffic congestion on Meishin Expressway.
Japanese: 近畿地方では名神高速道路の渋滞箇所で有名な天王山トンネルの知名度が高い。
English: Because the area embraces the isthmus mentioned above, the scrambles occurred to get the strategically vital mountain in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts or in the Onin War, and yamajiro (a castle built on a mountain to take advantage of the mountain's topography) was built on it.
Japanese: 上記のような地峡を扼する地であることから、南北朝時代(日本)や応仁の乱でも戦略上の要地として争奪の舞台となり山城も築かれた。
English: Among them, in June, 1582, Mitsuhide AKECHI who killed Nobunaga ODA fought with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who was going to revenge for him at the Battle of Yamazaki.
Japanese: なかでも、天正10年（1582年）6月に織田信長を討った明智光秀とその仇討ちを果たそうとする豊臣秀吉が戦った山崎の戦いがあった。
English: The battle has been expressed as the metaphor 'Tenka wakeme no Tennozan' (those who take hold of Mt. Tenno rule the world) which is still used especially in crucial matches or phases of sports or games.
Japanese: この山を制した方が天下を取ることになるとして「天下分け目の天王山」という言葉で表現され、現在でもスポーツやゲームの重大な試合や局面の比喩に名を残す。
English: Incidentally, Hideyoshi, the winner of the battle, built Yamazaki-jo Castle (also known as Hoshakuji-jo Castle or Hoji-jo Castle) there in the end of the same year, where he was based until his transfer to Osaka-jo Castle the next year.
Japanese: なお、この戦いを制した秀吉は、同年末に当地に山崎城（宝積寺城、宝寺城とも）を築いて、翌年に大坂城に移るまで本拠とした。
English: Later, in Kinmon Incident at the end of the Edo period, Choshu clan captured the place to attack the Kyoto Imperial Palace, however, they were routed back eventually to have 17 Patriots including Izumi MAKI commit suicide there.
Japanese: くだって幕末、禁門の変では、長州藩が当地を押さえた上で京都御所へ進撃するが、結果的に敗走し、参陣していた真木和泉ら十七烈士は当地で自刃した。
English: Four years later, at the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, the army of former bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) set up camps separately in Hashimoto at the foot of Mt. Otoko and Oyamazaki on the other side of the Yodo-gawa River to counter the new government army.
Japanese: また、4年後の鳥羽・伏見の戦いでは、旧幕府軍が男山の麓の橋本と淀川の対岸にある大山崎に分かれて布陣して新政府軍を迎え撃った。
English: However, the Tsu clan in Oyamazaki switching to the new government army and shelling the former bakufu army in Hashimoto caused the former bakufu army completely collapsed and decided the outcome of the battle.
Japanese: しかし、大山崎に布陣していた津藩が新政府軍に寝返って橋本の旧幕府軍を砲撃した事で旧幕府軍は総崩れとなり、戦いの趨勢が決している。
English: In Shogi (Japanese Chess), occupying the central square (in the fifth line of fifth row) means a lot where to be called Tennozan (Mt. Tenno).
Japanese: 将棋では中央（5五）の位を制するのが重要であったことから、その地点を天王山と呼ぶ。
English: It is known as the place where the Azuchi-jo Castle was built which is the word origin of Japanese historical period 'the Azuchi-Momoyama period.'
Japanese: 日本史の時代区分の一つである安土桃山時代の語源ともなった安土城が建てられた地として知られる。
English: Although Azuchi Town is often pronounced with a high falling intonation in the Japanese common language, it is pronounced without inflection in the local language.
Japanese: 共通語ではしばしば「あ」を高く読む頭高型で発音されるが、地元でのアクセントは「あづち」とすべての音を高く読む平板型である。
English: 1955: Shimizuhana district was incorporated into Gokasho Town (now Higashiomi City), Kanzaki County (Shiga Prefecture).
Japanese: 1955年清水鼻地区を神崎郡(滋賀県)五個荘町（現東近江市）に編入。
English: This is the restored tenshu (the fifth and sixth storeys) of the Azuchi-jo Castle, which was exhibited at the Seville World Expo.
Japanese: セビリア万国博覧会に出展された安土城の復元天守（5・6階部分）を移築。
English: Former Iba family residence (built in 1913, a Western-style building designed by William Merrell Vories)
Japanese: 旧伊庭家住宅（1913年建造、ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ設計の西洋館）
English: Keihoku Town was a town which existed in Kitakuwada-gun, Kyoto Prefecture until March 31, 2005.
Japanese: 京北町（けいほくちょう）は、2005年3月31日まで京都府北桑田郡に存在した町。
English: It was formed on March 1, 1955 by the merging of a town and five villages (Shuzan Town, Hosono Village, Utsu Village, Kuroda Village, Yamaguni Village and Yuge Village) in the southern part of Kitakuwada-gun.
Japanese: 1955年3月1日に北桑田郡南部の1町5村（周山町・細野村・宇津村・黒田村・山国村・弓削村）が合併して発足。
English: Most areas of the town was forest, and the forest industry prospered as the production area of Migaki Maruta (polished log) of Kitayamasugi (Kitayama cedar trees) and so on.
Japanese: 町域のほとんどが森林で、北山杉の磨丸太などの産地として林業が盛んである。
English: It was the main supply area of lumber to Kyoto from ancient times using water transport, because the Katsura-gawa River (the Yodo-gawa River system) crossed the town and connected to Sagano, Kyoto and so on.
Japanese: 町内を桂川(淀川水系)が横断して京都嵯峨野などに接続しているため、古代より水運を利用した京都の重要な材木供給地であった。
English: Signatures by more than 80 percent of eligible voters of the town were collected through the signature campaign demanding the absorption into Kyoto City.
Japanese: -京都市への編入を要望する署名活動が行なわれ、町内有権者の8割を越える署名が集まる。
English: Ryotan is a term to refer to the area combining Tango Province and Tanba Province.
Japanese: 両丹（りょうたん）は、丹後国と丹波国を一体的に指すときに用いられる用語。
English: Tanba region, extending from the Mid Kyoto Prefecture to the Mid Hyogo Prefecture, and Tango region, centering on Maizuru City and Miyazu City in northern Kyoto Prefecture, have been deeply connected in terms of history and economy.
Japanese: 京都府中部と兵庫県中部にまたがる丹波地方と、京都府北部の舞鶴市や宮津市を中心とする丹後地方は歴史的にも経済的にも強い繋がりをもっている。
English: Therefore the word "Ryotan" is frequently used in newspapers or in the names of local sports event.
Japanese: そのため、現在でもスポーツ大会や新聞等によって両丹という用語が頻繁に使われている。
English: The area is occasionally called the North Kinki or 'San-Tan' (meaning three 'Tan') when combined with adjacent Tajima Province (但馬国) in northern Hyogo Prefecture (as the Chinese character "但" can be also pronounced "tan").
Japanese: また、隣接する兵庫県北部の但馬国と併せて「三たん」（さん‐）や北近畿と呼ばれることもある。
English: Sugasaka-toge Pass is a mountain pass located between Maizuru City and Ayabe City in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 菅坂峠（すがさかとうげ）とは京都府舞鶴市と綾部市の間にある峠である。
English: It is on Kyoto Prefectural Road 51 Maizuru Wachi Route linking Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, and Kanbayashi area of Ayabe City which has historically strong ties with Maizuru.
Japanese: 菅坂峠は京都府道51号舞鶴和知線にあり、京都府北部の中心都市である舞鶴と、歴史的に深いつながりがある綾部市上林地区を結んでいる。
English: The pass, however, was a rough and narrow road with a series of steep slopes and sharp curves, so a bypass project to extend the road by 2.3 kilometers (including the 953-meter-extension with Sugasaka Minami Tunnel) was started in 1995 (Sugasaka Bypass).
Japanese: しかし道幅が狭く、急勾配、急カーブが連続する悪路であり、1995年（平成7年）より菅坂南トンネル（延長953ｍ）を含む延長2.3ｋｍのバイパス道路事業（菅坂バイパス）を進めた。
English: Sugasaka Bypass is expected to promote exchanges between the two cities, by alleviating the conventional traffic regulations in winter drastically.
Japanese: 菅坂バイパスの開通により、冬期の通行規制が飛躍的に緩和され、両都市間の交流が更に促進されることが期待される。
English: Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, has been developed as Nishi Maizuru (western Maizuru) with an ancient castle town flourishing as a commercial city and Higashi Maizuru (eastern Maizuru) prospering as a naval port, separately.
Japanese: 京都府北部の中核都市である舞鶴市は古より城下町があり商都として栄えた西舞鶴と、軍港として栄えた東舞鶴にわかれて発展してきた。
English: Shiratori-toge Pass is located in the JR Maizuru Line and Kyoto Prefectural Road 28 Kokura Nishi Maizuru Route, arterious connecting both two areas.
Japanese: その双鶴を結ぶ主要幹線の1つであるJR舞鶴線と京都府道28号小倉西舞鶴線に白鳥峠がある。
English: In the past, people had to cross the pass on foot and raccoon dogs were found around there.
Japanese: 現在でこそ鉄道や道路が整備されているが、昔は狸が出るような細道で、徒歩で峠をこえていたという。
English: Horaga-toge Pass is the pass forming the boundary between Yawata Minamiyama - Yawata City - Kyoto Prefecture and Nagaotoge-cho - Koyamichi - Hirakata City - Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 洞ヶ峠（ほらがとうげ）は、京都府八幡市八幡南山と大阪府枚方市高野道・長尾峠町の境にある峠。
English: Today, National Route 1 (Hirakata Bypass, Keihan-kokudo National Road) runs slightly east of the pass and Yawata-Horagatoge crossing (a crossing on Yamate Highway - Kyoto Prefecture) is located immediately north of the pass.
Japanese: 現在はその少し東を国道1号（枚方バイパス、京阪国道）が通っており、峠のすぐ北に八幡洞ヶ峠交差点（山手幹線(京都府)の交点）がある。
English: Although it is a pass, it is a low-angled, good line-shaped four-lane roadway without a winding slope.
Japanese: 峠ではあるが、曲がりくねった坂道はなく、線形(路線)の良い緩やかな勾配の4車線道路である。
English: In Hirakata City, which is southwest of the pass, along the Hirakata Bypass is the area called 'Koyamichi' (the name of a former settlement).
Japanese: 峠のすぐ南西側の枚方市内に枚方バイパスに沿って「高野道」という地名（かつての集落名）がある。
English: The name is considered to derive from the road, leading to Mt. Koya, through the settlement near the pass.
Japanese: 峠のすぐ近くにあった集落に高野山へ続く街道が通っていたことが由来とされる。
English: In 1582, soon after the Honnoji Incident (June 21, 1582), the army of Mitsuhide AKECHI (who killed his lord Nobunaga ODA in the incident) fought against the army of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (a senior vassal of Nobunaga) at Yamazaki in Yamashiro Province (the Battle of Yamazaki, July 2, 1582).
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）、本能寺の変の直後に主君織田信長を討った明智光秀の軍と信長の重臣豊臣秀吉の軍が山城国山崎において激突した（山崎の戦い）。
English: During this battle, Junkei TSUTSUI, a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period), who was asked for support by both AKECHI and HASHIBA (TOYOTOMI), once took the side of Akechi and advanced to Horaga-toge Pass, which was located at south of Yamazaki.
Japanese: この時、明智・羽柴の双方から加勢を依頼された大和国の戦国大名筒井順慶は、一度は明智側に従って山崎の南方にある洞ヶ峠まで兵を進めた。
English: It is said that Junkei TSUTSUI finally withdrew his army to Yamato to remain neutral, without reaching to Horaga-toge Pass.
Japanese: 筒井順慶は最終的には洞ヶ峠に着くことなく大和へと撤兵して中立を保ったと言われている。
English: Additionally to the historical evidence, folktales related to this pass are many because the pass commands a panoramic view of Kyoto and Osaka.
Japanese: 史実に関連するもののほかに、この峠は京の都・大坂を眺望できるため、民話の舞台となった。
English: Until the early 1990s, the pass was a wooded area with sparsely placed lights, making people feel lonely even in the daytime as well as at night.
Japanese: 1990年代初頭までこの周囲は雑木林で照明設備が少なく、昼夜問わず寂しさを感じさせていた。
English: Therefore, the pass was thought of as a haunted area, or a 'ghostly place', and the local public and the passersby created various legends.
Japanese: それゆえに幽霊がよく現れる場所、つまり「心霊スポット」としてよく知られ、地元住民やここを通行する人々の間で様々な伝説が語られてきた。
English: In 1966, Hirakata Bypass (Keihan-kokudo National Road) was opened, then in the 1990s, residential areas and schools were established, which greatly improved the pass's surroundings.
Japanese: 1966年に枚方バイパス（京阪国道）が開通し、1990年代に入ると住宅地や学校が建設され、峠周辺の様子は一変した。
English: The traffic was heavy there, which led to the continuous establishment of facilities including amusement facilities and restaurants for family dining.
Japanese: 交通量が多いことから、アミューズメント施設やファミリーレストランなどが続々と建設された。
English: The north side of the pass became the entrance (Kyoto prefectural road 284, the Yawata Interchange Line) to a high class residential area 'Keihan East Rose Town' (which was developed on the eastern side of Yawata City and the western side of Kyotanabe City) and was properly developed into a road lighting-installed intersection.
Japanese: また、峠の北側は八幡市東部や京田辺市西部に造成された高級住宅街「京阪東ローズタウン」の玄関口（京都府道284号八幡インター線）となり、道路照明の整った交差点として整備された。
English: Accordingly, the surroundings of the pass have been almost completely developed with only a little greenery is there.
Japanese: その結果、周辺は若干緑が残るものの、周囲はほぼ開発され尽くした感がある。
English: Since it is illuminated bright along the Keihan Kokudo (National Road) even late at night, there is no room for ghosts; besides, with the increase of new residents, ghost stories mentioned before have been completely gone.
Japanese: 国道沿いは深夜でも明るく、もはや幽霊の出る幕は何一つない状態となり、新しい住民の増加も伴って、前述の幽霊談義は過去のものとなった。
English: Yamazaki Shuku is a post town located at the border between Settsu Province and Yamashiro Province on Sanyodo Road, also known as Saigoku Kaido Road.
Japanese: 山崎宿（やまざきしゅく）は、山陽道西国街道の摂津国と山城国の境に位置した宿場町。
English: Mitsuhide AKECHI and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI made an agreement to avoid combating in the city during the Battle of Yamazaki.
Japanese: 山崎の戦い時には明智光秀側、豊臣秀吉側双方から市街での戦闘を避けるよう協定がなされていた。
English: In ancient times, there was Yamazaki-bashi Bridge built across the Yodo-gawa River and a port for foreign delegates.
Japanese: 古くは淀川対岸まで山崎橋がかかり、外国使節などが到着する港があったとされる。
English: Seki Daimyojin Shrine, Rikyu Hachimangu Shrine, Yamazaki Station (irrelevant to railway "Yamazaki Station") are currently existent as remains.
Japanese: 現在、関大明神社や離宮八幡宮、山崎駅（鉄道のそれとは無関係）の遺構などが残る。
English: At the time of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture fought over the right to inherit the name of Yamazaki.
Japanese: 廃藩置県時、山崎の地名を大阪府・京都府のどちらが継承するかが争われた。
English: It is a pass on the border between Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture and Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 榎峠（えのきとうげ）は、兵庫県丹波市と京都府福知山市との境にある峠。
English: National Route 429 running through the pass is blind winding road which is so narrow that vehicles hardly go by each other and that makes the traffic extremely difficult to go through.
Japanese: 国道429号が通っているが、すれ違い不能の狭路と見通しの悪いつづら折れのため通行はきわめて困難である。
English: Local people tend to cross over Anaura Pass on Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectural Road 109 Fukuchiyama Sannan Line which is relatively easier to drive.
Japanese: 地元住民の車は榎峠よりも、比較的走行が容易な京都府道・兵庫県道109号福知山山南線の穴裏峠を越えることが多い。
English: As a road sign saying 'Hardly Passable by Large Vehicles' is placed at the approach of the pass, large-sized vehicles practically cannot drive the pass.
Japanese: 峠への登り口には「大型車通行困難」の標識があり、大型車の通行は事実上不可能である。
English: Generally, Higashiyama is defined as the area from Mt. Hiei in the north (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City and Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) to Mt. Inari in the south (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 北は比叡山（京都市左京区、滋賀県大津市）から南は稲荷山（京都市伏見区）までとするのが一般的である。
English: In a narrower sense, it may refer to the southern area of Mt. Daimonji (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City) to the south of Yamanakagoe (a main road called Shimogamo-Otsu Line toda), excluding Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 狭義には、比叡山を含めず山中越の南の大文字山（京都市左京区）から南を指すこともある。
English: "Higashiyama" means the mountains that can be viewed in the east from the central Kyoto, not a name of specific mountain range.
Japanese: 「東山」とは一つの山系の名ではなく、京都の中心部から見て東に見える山を指す。
English: Thus, while Mt. Yoshida, separated by Shishigatani from other mountains, is included in Higashiyama, mountains of the Hira mountain range system, located to the north of Mt. Hiei, is not.
Japanese: したがって、他の山と鹿ヶ谷で隔てられている吉田山が含まれる一方、比叡山の北に連なる比良山系の山は含まれない。