nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to 'Imperial Princess Rokujosaiin Baiko family monogatari awase,' she is the writer of the story 'Araba au yo no.'
Japanese: また「六条斎院禖子内親王家物語合」によれば、物語「あらば逢ふ夜の」の作者とされる。
English: The Asukai is a branch family of the Nanba family in the FUJIWARA no Morozane line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 飛鳥井家（あすかいけ）は、藤原北家藤原師実である難波家の諸流である。
English: Yoritune's father, Yorisuke NANBA was called the greatest master of Kemari in Japan, and Masatsune ASUKAI inherited the mastery of kemari talent from his grandfather and became the founder of the Asukai school.
Japanese: 頼経の父難波頼輔は本朝における蹴鞠一道の長とも称された蹴鞠の名手であったが、孫の飛鳥井雅経も蹴鞠に秀で、飛鳥井流の祖となった。
English: On the other hand, Masatsune closely served the Emperor Gotoba and compiled "Shinkokin Wakashu" (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) with FUJIWARA no Teika and others to tender it to the emperor, and thus he built the foundation of the family as the grand masters of waka and kemari.
Japanese: 一方で雅経は後鳥羽天皇に近侍し藤原定家などとともに「新古今和歌集｣を撰進し、和歌と蹴鞠の師範の家としての基礎を築いた。
English: In the Muromachi period, Masayo ASUKAI and his son Masachika ASUKAI closely served the Ashikaga Shogunal family and were among prominent poets of the time.
Japanese: 室町時代には足利将軍家に近侍した飛鳥井雅世・飛鳥井雅親父子が歌壇の中心的歌人として活躍した。
English: Masayo was one of the compilers of Shinshoku Kokin Wakashu (the 21st and final imperial poetry collection), while Masachika excelled at calligraphy in addition to waka and kemari, resulting in inclusion of his school of calligraphy in the Asukai school.
Japanese: 飛鳥井雅世は、新続古今和歌集の撰者となり、飛鳥井雅親は、和歌・蹴鞠のほかに書道にも秀で、その書流も蹴鞠と同じく飛鳥井流と称される。
English: Masatsune ASUKAI who had been the head of the family from the Sengoku period to the early Edo period was granted the title of iemoto (the head family) of a kemari school by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)から江戸時代初期にかけての当主であった飛鳥井雅庸は、徳川家康から蹴鞠道家元としての地位を認められた。
English: FUJIWARA no Nagaie (October 2, 1005 - December 25, 1064) was a court noble and a kajin (waka poet) in the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原長家（ふじわらのながいえ、寛弘2年8月20日(旧暦)（1005年9月26日）-康平7年11月9日(旧暦)（1064年12月19日））は、平安時代中期の公卿・歌人。
English: He was appointed to Gon Dainagon (a provisional councilor of state) in 1028 and to Minbukyo (Minister of Popular Affairs) in 1044.
Japanese: 万寿5年（1028年）に権大納言、寛徳元年（1044年）に民部卿に就任。
English: He was a great-grandfather of FUJIWARA no Toshinari, who was known as the editor of "Senzai Wakashu" (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years), and he himself was one of the central figures of poetry circles with 44 poems chosen for Chokusen shu (anthology of poems collected by Imperial command).
Japanese: 『千載和歌集』の編者として知られる藤原俊成の曽祖父に当たり、長家自身も、勅撰集に44首の作品が入首するなど、歌壇の中心的人物の一人であった。
English: FUJIWARA no Nagakata (1139 - April 12, 1191) was a court noble and a kajin (waka poet) in the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原長方（ふじわらのながかた、保延5年（1139年）-建久2年3月10日(旧暦)（1191年4月12日））は、平安時代末期の公卿・歌人。
English: His mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Toshitada, so he was a nephew of FUJIWARA no Toshinari and a cousin of FUJIWARA no Sadaie.
Japanese: また母は藤原俊忠女であるため、藤原俊成の甥、藤原定家の従兄に当たる。
English: He served as Kaga no jo (the third officer of regional administration in Kaga) and Shurishikishojo (officer of department for building and maintenance of facilities), then in 961, he was conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.)
Japanese: 加賀掾・修理少進を歴任したのち、961年（応和元年）に従五位下に叙された。
English: Although his official rank was low, he presented poems in poetry competitions such as Nyobo utaawase and Tentoku Dairi utaawase of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 官位は低かったが、宮中の女房歌合、天徳内裏歌合などの歌合に詠進した。
English: There are four types of books: Nishihonganji bon (books) (337 poems), Shohohan bon (335 poems), Books attributed to FUJIWARA no Toshinari (335 poems), and Book stock of the Imperial Household Archives (337 poems.)
Japanese: ①西本願寺本（337首）②正保版本（335首）③伝藤原俊成筆本（335首）④宮内庁書陵部本（337首）の４類に分けられる。
English: FUJIWARA no Nakafumi (923 to 992) was a kajin (waka poet) in the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原仲文（ふじわらのなかふみ、923年-992年）は、平安時代中期の歌人。
English: He then served as officer in charge of regional administration such as Kaga no kuni no kami, Iga no kuni no kami (governer of Kaga and Iga Province) andUeno no kuni no suke (officer in charge of regional administration in Ueno), and in 977, he got promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 加賀国守・伊賀国守・上野国介などを歴任し、977年（貞元_(日本)2年）正五位下に至った。
English: Chuyuki is a diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada, Nakamikado Udaijin (Minister of the Right), for over 50 years from 1087 to 1138.
Japanese: 中右記（ちゅうゆうき）は中御門右大臣藤原宗忠が寛治元年（1087年）から保延4年（1138年）まで書いた日記であり50余年にわたる。
English: This diary is a valuable document that describes the politics, social situation, Yusoku kojitsu (traditional court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), and portraits of notable people of those days.
Japanese: 当時の政治・社会情勢や有職故実、さらには人物批評に至るまでを知る上で貴重な資料となっている。
English: Kanmon Nikki is the diary of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa (Gosukoin, 1372 - 1456).
Japanese: 看聞日記（かんもんにっき）は、伏見宮貞成親王（後崇光院、1372-1456）の日記。
English: The diary spans 33 years, from 1416 to 1448.
Japanese: 応永23年（1416年）より文安5年（1448年）まで33年間に渡る日記。
English: The diary is about the government and social conditions in the Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA period, the private life of Imperial Prince Sadafusa, and so on.
Japanese: 将軍足利義教時代の幕政や世相、貞成親王の身辺などについて記されている。
English: This is a record written by Yorinaga, the mastermind of the Hogen War, for 19 years between 1136 and 1155.
Japanese: 保元の乱の首謀者・頼長の記録で、保延2年（1136年）から久寿2年（1155年）まで19年にわたる。
English: Incidentally, this diary is also considered a valuable material to study the sexual mores of court nobles at that time, because it reveals that Yorinaga was quite active in sodomizing chigo (boys who served noblemen), maibito (dancers), samurai and court nobles including MINAMOTO no Yoshikata.
Japanese: 余談だが、頼長が稚児や舞人、源義賢ら武士や貴族たちと盛んに男色を嗜んでいたことが書かれており、当時の公家の性風俗を知る上で貴重なものとされる。
English: In addition, he recorded about observing a parrot, when a parrot and a peacock were presented to FUJIWARA no Tadamichi.
Japanese: また、藤原忠通のもとに、鸚鵡と孔雀が献上された際に、鸚鵡を観察したときのことを記している。
English: Yorinaga wrote that the parrot could talk well because it had a tongue that looked like that of human.
Japanese: それによると鸚鵡の舌は人間の舌に似ているから、よくものを言うのだろうとある。
English: He also assumed that the bird talked in Chinese because it was brought from China, and that was why Japanese couldn't understand what it said.
Japanese: 鳴声は、中国から渡来したものなので中国語を話し、日本人には聞いてもわからないのだろうと考えた。
English: To return to the subject, with many anecdotes, "Taiki" is a document of the height and downfall of a lone and gifted politician that gave us a racy description of the government of the time.
Japanese: ともあれ、逸話の記載も多く、かつ孤高の英才政治家の栄達と失脚の記として官界の実態を活写している。
English: The diary's title derives from Tadahira's shigo (posthumous name) 'Teishinko,' but the is also called "Teishinko Gyoki."
Japanese: 日記の名称は忠平の諡号「貞信公」に因んだもので、『貞信公御記』ともいう。
English: It is a fundamental historical resource for understanding the political history of the first half of the 10th century and contains many descriptions relating to imperial court etiquette and government affairs.
Japanese: 10世紀前半の政治史を知るうえでの基本史料で、朝廷儀礼や政務に関する記述が多く見られる。
English: The surviving parts pertain to the period from the year 907 when Tadahira was aged 28 to the year 948, with sections missing within this period.
Japanese: 今日現存するのは、忠平28歳の延喜7年（907年）から、忠平薨去前年の天暦2年（948年）までの期間で、途中欠落している部分がある。
English: The original detailed diary written by Tadahira no longer survives, and the extant "Teishinko-ki" is a transcription that was made by Tadahira's eldest son FUJIWARA no Saneyori.
Japanese: 忠平が記した日記の原形を伝える詳本は現存せず、現在伝来している『貞信公記』は、忠平の長男である藤原実頼が抄出した抄本である。
English: For this reason descriptions are shortened and there are few details of the procedures of imperial court ceremonies or government affairs as can be found in other diaries.
Japanese: 故に、記述が簡略であるため、他の日記に見られる朝儀の次第や、政務の手続き等の詳細な記述が余り見出せない。
English: Another feature is that many of the dates with notes were excerpted from the calender when Saneyori transcribed the diary, so it is known the original work was written according to the guchureki (Japanese lunisolar calendar).
Japanese: 他に特徴として、実頼が日記を抄出する際、多数の暦注記事も抜書きしていることから、原本は具注暦に書かれていたことが分かる。
English: FUJIWARA no Michinaga's diary, "Mido Kanpaku-ki," was also written according to the guchureki.
Japanese: ちなみに、藤原道長の日記である『御堂関白記』も具注暦に書かれている。
English: The Kujo Moto Koshakuke Bon manuscript (early Kamakura period; Important Cultural Property) is held by the Tenri Central Library and the Hisamatsu Bon manuscript is held by Kyoto University.
Japanese: 現在、本書の写本は、九条元公爵家本（鎌倉時代初期、重要文化財）が天理図書館に、久松本が京都大学に所蔵されている。
English: Manuscripts are also held by locations including the Imperial Household Archives, Sonkeikaku-bunko Library and the Jingu Library.
Japanese: また、宮内庁書陵部、尊経閣文庫、神宮文庫等にも写本が所蔵されている。
English: Printed copies of the diary are included within "Dainihon Kokiroku" and "Zokuzoku Gunsho Ruiju."
Japanese: 刊本は、活字化されたものが『大日本古記録』『続々群書類従』に収められている。
English: A printed copy of the Kujo Moto Koshakuke Bon manuscript is published as the "Tenri Toshokan Zenpon Sosho" (Tenri Central Library unabridged book collection).
Japanese: また、九条元公爵家本の影印本が、『天理図書館善本叢書』として刊行されている。
English: In the world of dynastic poems, "kashu" is a collection of waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) compiled from personal or family poems.
Japanese: 家集（か-しゅう）は王朝和歌の世界において、個人または一家の和歌をまとめて収めた歌集を指す。
English: In the early days, descendants usually edited their ancestors' kashu until self-selected collection of poems became more mainstream between the Insei period (the period of cloistered Emperors) and roughly around the Shin Kokin period (c. 1205).
Japanese: 初期には子孫が先祖の家集を編むことが多く、自撰家集が盛んになるのは院政期から新古今期前後にかけてである。
English: The four oldest examples of kashu: Hitomarushu (the Collected Works of KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaru), Akahitoshu (the Collected Works of YAMABE no Akahito), Yakamochishu (the Collected Works of OTOMO no Yakamochi), and Sarumarushu (the Collected Works of Sarumaru Dayu) were compiled around the early tenth century.
Japanese: 家集のもっとも古い例は10世紀前半ごろに編纂されたと思われる人丸集・赤人集・家持集・猿丸集の四種である。
English: These were all compiled from poems appearing in or after the Volume 14 of the Manyoshu (the first major anthology of early Japanese poetry).
Japanese: これらはいずれも万葉集巻十四以降あたりから、当該歌人の作品を抜き出して編まれたものである。
English: Although there were discrepancies such as poets not originally named in the title appearing within the kashu, it could be interpreted as an important example of the shift in the readers' interest from reading anthologies to reading works of individual poets.
Japanese: が内容的には、その名を冠された歌人以外の作品も含まれるなど不備は多いものの、和歌が撰集形式ではなく、個人の著作物として鑑賞される機運が高まってきたことを示す重要な事例であるといえる。
English: It can be said that the people's interest in kashu grew about the time when Hitomaro and Akahito were being revered as 'kasei's (great poets).
Japanese: 人麻呂・赤人が歌聖として崇拝されたところから、このような家集の意識が生れてきたものと考えることができる。
English: "Mutsuwa-ki" is a war chronicle that depicts the details of Japan's Early Nine-Years War.
Japanese: 『陸奥話記』（むつわき）は日本の戦役である前九年の役の顛末を描いた軍記物語。
English: Because it contains many passages that appear to be based on kokuge (official documents) submitted to the Emperor from Mutsu Province, the prevailing view is that its author was an individual who was able to view kokuge in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 陸奥国から奏上された国解（公文書）を元にしたと見られる文章が多いことから、朝廷内で国解を見ることの出来た人物が作者ではないかという見解が有力である。
English: It is a representative early war chronicle which the Abe clan (Mutsu Province) who were fushu (northern barbarians) and the Dewa Kiyohara clan were compared to the Minamoto clan by depicting them as warriors who were short in stature but strong.
Japanese: 俘囚である安倍氏(奥州)・出羽清原氏が源氏と対等な武士として、短いが力強く描写されている初期軍記物語の代表作である。
English: ABE no Yoritoki, who was the chief of the fushu in the Okuroku-gun (six districts) in Mutsu Province (basin of Kitakami-gawa River, Iwate Prefecture), appropriated six districts which the governor of Mutsu Province, FUJIWARA no Narito, attempted to attack but he was defeated by the Onikobe hot springs.
Japanese: 陸奥国奥六郡（岩手県北上川流域）の俘囚長であった安倍頼時は六郡を私し、これを陸奥国司藤原登任が攻めたものの鬼首温泉で敗れたこと。
English: Subsequently, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, as Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) and Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), attempted to subdue Yoritoki, but because of a pardon issued by the Imperial Court, Yoriyoshi became submissive by changing his name to ABE no Yoritoki and surrendered.
Japanese: 次に源頼義が陸奥守兼鎮守府将軍として頼時を討とうとするが、朝廷の出した恩赦のため、頼良は名を安倍頼時と改めるなど従順な態度をとり帰服したこと。
English: Because Yoriyoshi suspected ABE no Sadato, son of Yoritoki, of having attacked the camp of Yoriyoshi's forces, Yoritoki resolved to revolt out of love for his son and the Abe clan gained superiority in the ensuing battle.
Japanese: 頼義が頼時の子である安倍貞任（さだとう）に頼義方の陣営を襲撃した嫌疑をかけたため、頼時が父子の情愛から蜂起を決意、安倍氏の優位に戦いが進んだこと。
English: Yoriyoshi gave gifts to KIYOHARA no Mitsuyori, a fushu in the Senboku district of Dewa Province (Akita Prefecture) who had maintained neutrality, and requested that he enter the war, after which a large army commanded by Mitsuyori's younger brother, Takenori KIYOHARA, entered the conflict.
Japanese: 頼義が、中立を保っていた出羽国仙北郡（秋田県）の俘囚清原光頼に珍奇な物を贈り参戦を依頼し、光頼の弟清原武則率いる大軍が参戦したこと。
English: This turned the tide of the conflict, resulting in FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo being captured and beheaded, Sadato dying after being stabbed by a spear, and Abe clan being defeated at Kuriyagawa no Saku (Tenshoji-machi, Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture).
Japanese: これにより形勢が逆転し、藤原経清は捕虜となり斬首され、貞任は矛で刺されて死に、安倍氏は厨川柵（岩手県盛岡市天昌寺町）に滅んだこと。
English: Finally the Yoriyoshi and Yoshiie father and son were conferred the ranks of Shoshiinoge (Senior Forth Rank, Lower Grade) and Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Grade, Lower Grade) respectively in a jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials).
Japanese: 最後に、頼義・義家父子の除目で、それぞれ正四位下・従五位下に叙せれたこと、
English: In contrast to "Shomonki" which is written in an ornate style using couplets and pianliti (a Chinese style of composition with alternating lines of four and six characters), "Mutsuwa-ki" is written in a light, plain style.
Japanese: 『将門記』が対句や駢儷体などをもちいて美文調であるのに対し、『陸奥話記』は筆致をおさえた、淡々とした文体となっている。
English: This is thought to be related to the fact that this work was intended to document events, and at the end of the volume is written 'Since there are many errors, it is necessary for persons who know the facts to correct them.'
Japanese: これは巻末に「定メテ紪謬多カラム、実ヲ知レル者之ヲ正サムノミ」＜とても誤りが多いので、事実を知っているひとによってこれを正すのみである＞とあって、この作品が記録文を目指したことと関連していると思われる。
English: The diary is praised as a work that surpasses simple war records for its impressive stories of individuals such as those of Sadato's followers who had surrendered used a comb to, while in tears, tidy the hair of his decapitated head after it arrived in the capital; the death of an old samurai named Tsunenori SAEKI who died after fighting bravely; ABE no Norito's wife who jumped to her death with her baby in her arms.
Japanese: 都に届けられた貞任の首級に降人となった郎党が泣きながらクシで髪を整えたこと、老武士の佐伯経範の奮戦死、安倍則任の妻の幼子を抱いての投身等。個人の印象的な説話により、単なる合戦記録を超えた文学として評価されている。
English: Although a number of minor works followed "Mutsuwa-ki," there was long period in which no war chronicles were written that lasted until the first half of the 13th century when "Hogen Monogatari" (The Tale of the Hogen War), "Heiji Monogatari" (The Tale of Heiji) and "Heike Monogatari" (The tale of the Heike) appeared.
Japanese: ただし、この『陸奥話記』以降、いくつかの小さな作品はあるものの、『保元物語』『平治物語』『平家物語』の３部作が誕生する13世紀前半までのあいだ、軍記物語の潮流には長いブランクが生まれている。
English: Furthermore, from the perspective of the opening of "Hogen Monogatari" which contains descriptions similar to kagamimono (the generic name of history books with "Kagami" in their titles) works which tell of the reign of Emperor Toba, "Mutsuwa-ki" is slightly lacking in elements that link to subsequent ages.
Japanese: しかも、『保元物語』の冒頭が鳥羽天皇の治世を語りだすという、鏡物に類する記述をしていることからみて、後世につながる要素はややもするととぼしいものとなっている。
English: While praising Yoshiie's bravery, the diary also describes the viciousness and vindictiveness of samurai by depicting scenes such as Tsunekiyo's execution in which he was deliberately beheaded using a blunt sword in order to make him suffer.
Japanese: また、義家の武勇を讃嘆する一方で、経清の処刑をわざわざ切れ味の悪い刀で、苦しめながら首を落とした、などとえがくなど、一方で武士の凶暴さ、執念深さについても筆をふるっている。
English: It is thought that the words 'I am far away (from Mutsu)' at the end of "Mutsuwa-ki" indicate that its author was not a samurai linked to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) but was instead a noble in the capital.
Japanese: これは『陸奥話記』の巻末に「少生、但千里之外タルヲ以テ」＜わたくしは、（陸奥からは）遠く離れた場所のものなので＞とあり、作者が東国とかかわった武士ではなく、都の貴族であることを示唆しているのともかかわると思われる。
English: Volume 25, No. 13 of "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" (Anthology of Tales from the Past) contains a story entitled 'Minamoto no Yoriyoshi no Ason Abe no Sadatadura wo Utsu Koto' (lit. MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi Defeats ABE no Sadato) which is thought to be slight modification of a "Mutsuwa-ki" narrative.
Japanese: 『今昔物語集』巻第25第13に「源頼義朝臣罰安陪貞任等語」（みなもとのよりよしのあそんあべのさだたふらをうつこと）という、『陸奥話記』を手直ししたほぼ同文が採録されている。
English: A major difference is that the sentences of "Konjaku" are written in a mixture of Japanese and Chinese, and are approachable as a narrative.
Japanese: 大きな違いとしては、まず『今昔』は文章が和漢混淆文であり、物語的で、親しみやすいものになっているということ。
English: Several descriptions of battles are also omitted, showing that "Konjaku" is more involved in the flow of the narrative than the details of "Mutsuwa-ki."
Japanese: また、戦闘描写などもいくつかカットされており、これは『今昔』がこの作品の細部よりも、物語の流れに興味を持っていたことを示している。
English: An example of the deletion of Chinese books can be illustrated by the reference to FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo who, upon coming under suspicion from Yoriyoshi, likened his situation to that of the meritorious retainers (Han Xin, Peng Yue and Ying Bu) who were fell under the suspicion of Gaozu (Liu Bang) of Han and were killed by him, but this portion is not contained in "Konjaku."
Japanese: 漢籍の削除にかんしては、たとえば藤原経清が、頼義からの疑いが向けられた際、自分の置かれた立場を漢の高祖（劉邦）に疑われて殺された功臣（韓信・彭越・英布）にたとえる場面があるが、この部分が『今昔』にはない。
English: It was the general practice of war chronicles to explain the contemporary situation by citing historical events but "Konjaku" does not adopt this method.
Japanese: 故事を引用して現在の状況を説明するのは軍記物語の常套手段であるが、『今昔』はこの方法をとらなかったということである。
English: An example of omitted content is an impressive event in which after the end of the war, Takenori KIYOHARA wished to see Yoshiie's reputed superhuman archery skill, in response to which Yoshiie is said to have demonstrated his ability by shooting an arrow through three layers of armor.
Japanese: 内容の省略にかんしては、乱終結後、清原武則が神業と評判の義家の弓の腕前を見たがり、それに応えて義家が鎧３領を打ち抜くという実力を見せつけるという印象的なエピソードを省略している。
English: This story of Yoshiie's prowess is thought to have been well known, as demonstrated by reference to the event in a depiction of MINAMOTO no Tametomo's archery skill in "Hogen Monogatari," but it appears that the author of "Konjaku" deemed it unsuitable for this work.
Japanese: この義家の武勇譚は、『保元物語』で源為朝の弓の腕前を語る際に引き合いに出されるなど、著名な話であったと思われるが、これも『今昔』の好むところではなかったらしい。
English: At the end of the story, "Mutsuwa-ki" praises Yoriyoshi's achievements by likening them to both Gaozu's subjugation of Han Dynasty China and to SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro but these references are also omitted from "Konjaku."
Japanese: また、『陸奥話記』は物語の最後に、頼義の功績を漢の高祖の中国平定や、坂上田村麻呂に譬えるなど賞賛の言を惜しまないが、『今昔』はこれもカットしている。
English: Problematic changes include the sequence of events leading to Yoriyoshi's killing of TAIRA no Nagahira.
Japanese: また、問題となる変更点としては、頼義が平永衡を殺害するいきさつがあげられる。
English: "Mutsuwa-ki" states in its account of this event that Nagahira was 'disloyal and immoral' and that he had 'conceived a plot.'
Japanese: この箇所、『陸奥話記』では永衡を「不忠不義者」で「謀略所出」であるとする。
English: It is written that he wore a silver helmet in order to, like the Yellow Turbans of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, avoid being accidently attacked by his allies.
Japanese: 彼が銀の兜をかぶっているのは、黄巾の乱での黄色い頭巾とおなじで、誤って撃たれないためのものであると書かれている。
English: On the other hand, "Konjaku" simply states that somebody secretly informs Yoriyoshi of Nagahira's betrayal and, other than saying that his helmet is different from those of others, gives absolutely no other evidence.
Japanese: 一方、『今昔』ではある人が頼義に永衡の裏切りを密告するだけで、兜がほかと違う、という以外は一切の証拠はあげられていない。
English: Depending on the viewpoint, it is uncertain whether or not Nagahira intended to betray Yoriyoshi (the facts are unknown but judging from the context of the story), but it can be said that Nagahira's death was caused by Yoriyoshi's suspicion.
Japanese: 見方によっては、永衡に反逆の意図があったかどうかは（事実は不明だが、物語の文脈としては）不明であって、頼義の猜疑心が永衡を討たせたともいえる。
English: From the examples given above, it can be said that "Konjaku" shows less sympathy to the father and son Yoriyoshi and Yoshiie than "Mutsuwa-ki" does.
Japanese: 上の例と合わせて、『陸奥話記』よりも、『今昔』は頼義・義家親子への共感にとぼしいといえる。
English: Other works based on "Mutsuwa-ki" include "Fuso Ryakki" (A Brief History of Japan) and "Jikkinsho" (A Miscellany of Ten Maxims).
Japanese: このほか、『陸奥話記』を典拠とする話は、『扶桑略記』『十訓抄』などにもみえる。
English: The "Toshi Kaden" was written in 760.
Japanese: 藤氏家伝（藤氏家傳・とうしかでん）は天平宝字四年（760年）に成立した。
English: Within a two-volume series, the Toshi Kaden contains family histories of the early Fujiwara Clan which were passed down through many generations.
Japanese: 古代から藤原氏に代々伝えられてきた、藤原氏初期の歴史が記された伝記であり、上・下とある。
English: The first volume of the Kaden (known formally as 'Taishokukan-den') was written and edited by Oshikatsu EMI and it describes the biographies of Kamatari FUJIWARA, Joe, and Fuhito FUJIWARA (FUJIWARA no Fuhito).
Japanese: 家伝上（「大織冠伝」）の著・編者は恵美押勝であり、藤原鎌足と定恵と藤原史(藤原不比等)の伝記を記したものである。
English: The second volume of the Kaden (known formally 'Muchimaro-den') was written and edited by Enkei, the Buddhist priest, and it describes the biography of FUJIWARA no Muchimaro.
Japanese: 家伝下（「武智麻呂伝」）の著・編者は僧延慶(僧)であり、藤原武智麻呂の伝記を記したものである。
English: The tale of Soga is a war chronicle based on 'Revenge of Soga Brothers.'
Japanese: 曽我物語（そがものがたり）は、「曾我兄弟の仇討ち」を題材にした軍記物語。
English: The author is unknown and there are many alternative versions, among which the tale of Soga mana-bon (a book written with the Chinese characters) is the oldest and often comes on.
Japanese: 作者不詳で、多くの異本があるが、中でも真名本曽我物語が最も古く良く取り上げられる。
English: This section does not describe the story line because it is described in detail in the section 'Revenge of Soga Brothers,' but a female is deeply involved in formation of this story.
Japanese: 物語のあらすじについては「曾我兄弟の仇討ち」の項に詳しく記載されているので省略するが、この物語の成立には一人の女性が深く関わっている。
English: Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) is the only document that officially describes this incident that occurred at Fuji no Makigari (Hunting session at Mt. Fuji) on July 5, 1193.
Japanese: 建久4年（1193年）5月28日(旧暦)に富士の巻狩りの際に起きたこの事件について公式に書かれた文書は「吾妻鏡」以外にない。
English: Description in 'Azuma Kagami' is considered to have been made nearly 100 years after the incident, so it not a real time record and they say there are similarities with description of the tale of Soga mana-bon.
Japanese: また「吾妻鏡」に記載されたのも事件後100年近く経ってからといわれているのでリアルタイムな記録ではなく、真名本曽我物語の記述に似通った所があるとされている。
English: Although this is off the intention of this section, it has been revealed that there is an evidence that Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) intentionally tried to hide this shocking incident that occurred under shogun's nose, and it is spurring a torrent of speculation now.
Japanese: この項の趣旨とは方向が違うが、鎌倉幕府は将軍の膝元で起きた衝撃的なこの事件を意図的に隠そうとした痕跡のあることが分かり、現在様々な憶測を呼んでいる。
English: It is said that Tora Gozen, or Torajo, who is in the story, popularized the hidden historical fact as a story.
Japanese: 隠されていた史実を物語として世に広めたのは、物語にも登場する虎御前こと虎女だという。
English: The story was passed by word of mouth from her to others to gradually spread, and was handed down since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) until the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 物語は彼女から口承に口承を重ねて徐々に広まり、南北朝時代_(日本)から室町時代・戦国時代_(日本)を通じて語り継がれた。
English: Historic sites and traditions related to the Soga Brothers and Torajo are seen in various areas spreading from Fukushima Prefecture in the north to Kagoshima Prefecture in the south, and you can verify the process in how this story became popular by word of mouth.
Japanese: 曽我兄弟や虎女に関する史跡や伝承は、北は福島県から南は鹿児島県まで広い範囲に広がるが、そこからはこの物語が語り継ぎで広まっていった様子を検証することができる。
English: Eventually, it came to be performed as noh or Bunraku (Japanese puppet theater), which was made into Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) in the Edo period and became popular as a program 'Soga mono.'
Japanese: やがて能や文楽として上演されるようになり、これが江戸時代になると歌舞伎化されて「曾我もの」の演目として定着した。