nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Vice-envoy, ONO no Iwane was chosen for this task instead of Imaemishi, and the ship which he and Chinese envoy, Homei Cho were on was wrecked on their way to Japan, and both died.
Japanese: なお、この16次遣唐使は今毛人に代わって大使の任務を代行した副使小野石根と唐使趙宝英が乗船していた第1船が帰路遭難し両名は死亡している。
English: He was removed from the office due to an attempt to assassinate EMI no Oshikatsu with FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu, ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu and OTOMO no Yakamoch in the same year.
Japanese: 同年藤原良継、石上宅嗣、大伴家持らと恵美押勝の暗殺を謀議し失敗したことにより解官。
English: April, 777 - Imaemishi received Setto once again and departed; however, he later became sick and stayed in Settu.
Japanese: 宝亀8年(777年）-4月、今毛人は再び節刀を賜り出発するが病のため摂津に滞留。
English: Torakichi NISHIKAWA (1854 - 1941) was a so-called escape artist, who registered the largest number of prison breaks in the history of Japan.
Japanese: 西川寅吉（にしかわとらきち、1854年-1941年）は、日本において過去に脱獄を最も多く行った事で知られた、いわゆる脱獄魔。
English: Based on the episode below, he was also called by another name, Gosunkugi no Torakichi (Torakichi Long-Nail), and this pseudonym has been more popular among the people.
Japanese: 後述するエピソードから五寸釘寅吉（ごすんくぎとらきち、五寸釘の寅吉）の異名を取り、その名のほうが人口には膾炙している。
English: Nishikawa was born in 1854, as the second son of a farm family in present Meiwa-cho, Taki-gun, Mie Prefecture.
Japanese: 西川は安政元年（1854年）、現在の三重県多気郡明和町(三重県)に農家の次男として生まれた。
English: He was only 14 years old, when he committed the fist crime and imprisoned.
Japanese: 西川が最初に犯罪を犯し牢獄に入ることとなったのはわずか14歳の時である。
English: Then, to avenge, he wielded the blade to the person who killed his uncle, and moreover, he set fire to this person's house.
Japanese: その仇討ちとして叔父を殺した人物に刀を振るい、さらにその人物の家に火を放ったのである。
English: As he was still young and the crime he committed was a vengeance, inmates took care of him in the prison.
Japanese: まだ若く、またその犯した罪があだ討ちとあって牢獄では受刑者たちにかわいがられていた。
English: However, he came to know that the enemy was still alive; he escaped from the prison with the help of the prisoners.
Japanese: が、仇となる人物が生きていることが分かったため、西川は受刑者たちの助けを借りて脱獄。
English: After that, he was caught and locked up again in the same prison of Mie before having achieved his essential purpose of avenging his uncle, but Nishikawa again broke out of the prison, helped by inmates.
Japanese: その後肝心のあだ討ちがならぬうちに再び三重の牢獄に収容されたが、またもや受刑者たちの力を借りて脱獄した。
English: He wandered around all over the country as a consummate gambler, but was captured again, and this time he was sent to Shujikan (prison) in Akita City, from which he escaped once more.
Japanese: そして一角の賭博師として全国の賭場を渡り歩いたがまた捕まって、次には秋田市の集治監に入れられたがさらにまた脱走した。
English: On the way of escape from Akita Prefecture to his hometown Mie Prefecture, he was involved in a dispute related to gambling in Shizuoka Prefecture, and he ended up with being chased by police.
Japanese: 秋田から故郷の三重へ向けて逃げている途中の静岡県で博打に関わる揉め事に巻き込まれた挙句、警察に追われる羽目となった。
English: A legend was created from this runaway: he stepped on a Gosun-kugi long nail stuck in a board, but he continued running away for over 10 kilometers until he was finally arrested; then this became the origin of the name of Gosunkugi no Torakichi (Torakichi Long-Nail).
Japanese: そのとき五寸釘の刺さった板を足で踏んだが、そのままついに捕まるまで十数キロ逃げたという伝説が生まれ、それが五寸釘寅吉の名の元となった。
English: After he was captured in Shizuoka, he was detained for a while in Tokyo Detention House in Tokyo and then sent to Tsukigata-cho Shujikan (Prison) in Hokkaido.
Japanese: 静岡で捕まってからは一旦東京の東京拘置所を経て、北海道の月形町集治監へ送られた。
English: After he committed three prison breaks in Kabato Shujikan (Hokkaido), he was captured in Kumamoto Prefecture and he was firstly sent to Mikasa City Shujikan in Hokkaido, and later he was transferred to Shibecha Shujikan, which was also located in Hokkaido.
Japanese: 樺戸では三度の脱獄の後、熊本県で捕まり、道内の三笠市集治監へ送られ、さらに道内の標茶町集治監に移された。
English: In March 1890, when Shibecha Shujikan was moved to Abashiri and it became Abashiri Prison, he was also transferred.
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）3月、標茶集治監が網走に引っ越して網走刑務所になるに伴い網走へ移った。
English: As a result of various criminal acts he committed along the way of escape and prison breaks themselves, in addition to the attempted murder and fire-setting that he committed in the first crime, Nishikawa had to pay an enormously long prison term for him.
Japanese: 最初の殺人未遂や放火に加えて脱獄した道中で起こした様々な犯罪、それに脱獄そのものによって、西川は非常に永い刑期を持つに至った。
English: However, after he was transferred to Sorachi (Asahikawa, Hokkaido), due to the encounter with a good prison guard and other factors, he was consistently an exemplary prisoner, and finally he became so highly trusted that he enjoyed entire freedom of movement on the premises of the prison.
Japanese: が、空知に送られてからは良い看守に当たったこともあって一貫して模範囚であり、最後には刑務所の敷地内を自由に移動できるほど信頼の置かれた状況となった。
English: On September 3, 1924, at last he was released on parole from Abashiri Prison for the reason of his old age of 71.
Japanese: 大正13年（1924年）の9月3日、当時71歳という高齢を理由として、ついに網走刑務所を仮出所するに至った。
English: After the release, various showmen utilized Nishikawa in performances, in which he became popular, talking about his stormy life and so on.
Japanese: 出所してからの西川はさまざまな興行師に利用されてその波乱万丈に満ちた生涯を語るなどして人気を博した。
English: At the beginning of the Showa period, his son living in his hometown Taki-gun, Mie Prefecture took over him, and in 1941, he ended his life peacefully.
Japanese: 昭和の初期には故郷・三重県多気郡の息子に引き取られ、昭和16年（1941年）、安静にその生涯を終えた。
English: Abashiri Prison Museum: a mannequin of his reproduction with a gesture of cleaning is placed at the exhibition front gate.
Japanese: 博物館網走監獄：展示用の正門の入口に掃除をしている姿のマネキンにより再現している。
English: He served four shogun as roju but opposed sobayonin (lord chamberlain) policy within himself and made an effort to back up Yoshimune TOKUGAWA in exchange for a condition to abolish sabayonin at the time of succession quarrel after Ietsugu TOKUGWA.
Japanese: 老中として4人の将軍に仕えたが、側用人制度には内心反対し、ポスト徳川家継の後継争いの際、側用人の廃止を条件とし、徳川吉宗の擁立に尽力する。
English: There was a famous anecdote of when Yoshimune interviewed a group of roju after becoming a shogun, but only person who left without embarrassment was Masanao, who answered two out of three questions.
Japanese: 吉宗は将軍につくと、老中たちに口頭試問をしたが、なんとか恥を掻かずに済んだのは3問中2問を答えられた政直のみであった逸話は有名。
English: *Michinao TSUCHIYA, who was his neighbor during the time of raid of Kira Residence by Ako Roshi (lordless samurai of Ako Domain), was the grandson of Masanao's uncle, Toshinao TSUCHIYA.
Japanese: ※赤穂浪士が吉良邸討ち入りの際、隣家の土屋逵直は、政直からみて伯父土屋利直の孫にあたる。
English: May 11, 1679: He was assigned to be 父数直卒 and succeeded to a family head of Tsuchiura Domain on June 18 before becoming sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) on October 17, 1679.
Japanese: 1679年（延宝7年）4月2日、父数直卒、　5月10日、土浦藩家督相続、　9月13日、奏者番に就任。
English: January 19, 1659: He was given the jo (investiture) rank of Jugoinoge and was appointed as Nato no kami (the governor of Noto Province).
Japanese: 1658年（万治元年）閏12月27日、従五位下に叙し、能登守に任官。
English: Tsutomu SAKURAI (October 6, 1843 - October 12, 1931) was an administrative official in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 桜井勉（さくらいつとむ、1843年10月6日（天保14年9月13日(旧暦)）-1931年（昭和6年）10月12日）は、明治時代の行政官。
English: He was born as the first son of Sekimon SAKURAI, a jukan (an official under Confucianism) of the Izushi Domain, at the Igi district of Izushi town (present Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: 出石藩の儒官・桜井石門の長男として出石町伊木（現兵庫県豊岡市）に生まれた。
English: When working as the head of the Geography Bureau at the Ministry of Home Affairs, he strove to set up the meteorological stations nationwide and laid the foundation of the weather observation network.
Japanese: 内務省地理局長時代には全国の測候所の創設を働きかけ、気象観測網の基礎を築いた。
English: Afterwards, he held various posts in a row, such as the Governor of Tokushima Prefecture, the Governor of Yamanashi Prefecture, and the Governor of Shinchiku Prefecture of Taiwan, and the chief of the Bureau of Shrines of the Ministry of Home Affairs, then retired from office in 1902.
Japanese: その後、徳島県知事、山梨県知事一覧、台湾新竹知事、内務省神社局長を歴任、1902年（明治35年）に退官した。
English: After the retirement, he returned to Izushi, where he formed the foundation of studies on local history of the Tajima Province by writing 'Revised Tajima Study,' as well as contributed to the promotion of education.
Japanese: 退官後は出石に戻り、「校補但馬考」を著して但馬国の郷土史研究の基礎を築いたほか、教育振興などにつとめた。
English: The establishment of the meteorological observatory (Tokyo Meteorological Observatory, present Japan Meteorological Agency) was proposed by the Kobusho (the Ministry of Industry) and realized by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan).
Japanese: 気象台（東京気象台、現気象庁）の設置は、工部省により計画され、内務省(日本)によって実現された。
English: Sakurai, therefore, appealed to prefectures to build the meteorological stations, and Hiroshima Prefecture started weather observation by setting up the Hiroshima Meteorological Station (present Hiroshima Local Meteorological Observatory) on January 1, 1879.
Japanese: このため、桜井は府県に測候所の創設を働きかけ、明治12年（1879年）1月1日、広島県が広島測候所（現広島地方気象台）を設置して気象観測を開始した。
English: Started by Hiroshima, the meteorological stations were built nationwide, and the weather observation network gradually developed.
Japanese: これを皮切りに、全国に測候所が設置され、気象観測網が整備されていった。
English: In FY 1887, the 11 meteorological stations that had been set up by the Ministry of Home Affairs were transferred to local governments due to the reduction in the budget of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Japanese: 明治20年度には、内務省予算の削減のため、内務省が設置していた11の測候所も地方へ移管されている。
English: Incidentally, due to the inefficiency caused by an overlap between the projects and concern over the maintenance of the observation stations under the restrained local budgets, the nationwide meteorological offices were nationalized on November 1, 1939.
Japanese: ちなみに、業務重複などによる非効率さや、地方財政状況による観測点維持の懸念などから、1939年（昭和14年）11月1日、全国の気象官署は国営化されている。
English: When the Minister of Home Affairs Toshimichi OKUBO drew up a draft of prefectural reorganization in 1876, Okubo consulted with Tsutomu SAKURAI, who was a high-rank official at the Ministry of Home Affairs and came from Tajima Province, about the consolidation of Toyooka Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture.
Japanese: 明治9年の府県統廃合の原案作成をしていた内務卿・大久保利通は、内務省高官で但馬国出身の桜井勉に、豊岡県と鳥取県の合併について意見を求めた。
English: Sakurai advised as follows: although Okubo's plan was authentic from a historical perspective, it would be better that Tottori Prefecture should be integrated with Shimane Prefecture while Toyooka Prefecture with Shikama Prefecture, because the transportation between the Tajima Province and the Inaba Province suffered inconvenience due to steep mountains.
Japanese: 桜井勉は、歴史的背景からはもっともな案であるが、但馬と因幡国の間は山が険しく往来が不便であるため、鳥取県は島根県、豊岡県は飾磨県と合併させる方が適切であると進言した。
English: As Toshimichi OKUBO was planning to consolidate Shikama Prefecture, which was enriched with its products, with Hyogo Prefecture, which had a weak financial base at that time, he frowned at Sakurai's suggestion for the addition of Toyooka Prefecture to his Shikama consolidation plan, because the scale of the new prefecture could become too large.
Japanese: 物産が豊かな飾磨県を当時基盤の弱かった兵庫県と合併させることを考えていた大久保利通は、これに豊岡県を加えると大きくなりすぎるため難色を示した。
English: Sakurai then suggested the division of Toyooka Prefecture into two areas and its' incorporation; the Amata County, an area which had sat on Tango Province and Tanba Province to integrate to Kyoto Prefecture, and the Hikami and Taki Counties, which had sat on Tajima Province and Tanba Province to Hyogo Prefecture.
Japanese: このため豊岡県を二分し、丹後国および丹波国の天田郡を京都府、但馬および丹波の氷上郡、多紀郡を兵庫県に編入することを再提案した。
English: It is said that Tottori Prefecture was consolidated with Shimane Prefecture for a certain period (Tottori Prefecture was rearranged on September 12, 1881).
Japanese: 一時期鳥取県は島根県と合併（鳥取県は（1881年）9月12日再配置）することになったと言われている。
English: TAIRA no Morikuni (1113-August 11, 1186) was a son of TAIRA no Morito (or according to a different opinion, TAIRA no Suehira).
Japanese: 平盛国（たいらのもりくに、永久(元号)元年（1113年）-文治2年7月25日(旧暦)（1186年8月11日））は、父は平盛遠（または異説として平季衡）。
English: He served as a close adviser of TAIRA no Kiyomori; during the Hogen War in 1156 and the Heiji War in 1159, he made many achievements as the core of Ichimonshu (clansman).
Japanese: 平清盛の側近として仕え、保元元年（1156年）の保元の乱・平治元年（1159年）の平治の乱では、一門衆の要として多くの功績を挙げた。
English: Later he was given the rank of Goi (Fifth Rank) which doubled as Shume no kami (chief of the Stables Office) and Kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers); however, he became a priest in 1172.
Japanese: 後に主馬正や検非違使を兼ねて五位の位を授けられるが、承安(日本)2年（1172年）には出家する。
English: When the Taira family was fading and was forced to leave the capital after Kiyomori's death, Morikuni followed suit.
Japanese: 清盛の死後、平家が衰退して都落ちを余儀なくされると、盛国もこれに従った。
English: Morikuni's success after Kiyomori's death was not recorded in detail, perhaps partly due to his old age.
Japanese: 清盛死後の盛国の活躍は老齢のためもあってか、あまり詳しくは見られない。
English: However, during the Battle of Dannoura in 1185, he was caught as a captive and sent to Kamakura along with TAIRA no Munemori.
Japanese: ただし寿永4年（1185年）の壇ノ浦の戦いで、生きたまま捕虜にされて平宗盛とともに鎌倉に送られた。
English: At the time, it seems that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo could not bring himself to kill aging Morikuni; instead of killing Morikuni, Yoritomo entrusted Yoshizane OKAZAKI with Morikuni.
Japanese: このとき源頼朝は老齢の盛国まで殺すことを忍びなかったのか、一命を助けて岡崎義実のもとにその身柄を預けている。
English: Later, Morikuni faced Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) day and night without uttering a word, refused food and drink and starved himself to death on July 25, 1186.
Japanese: その後盛国は、日夜一言も発する事なく法華経に向かい、飲食を一切絶って文治2年（1186年）7月25日、餓死によって自害した。
English: Tamemoto KUROKI (May 3, 1844 - February 3, 1923) was a military man of the Imperial Japanese Army in Japan.
Japanese: 黒木為楨（くろきためもと、天保15年3月16日(旧暦)（1844年5月3日）-大正12年（1923年）2月3日）は、日本の大日本帝国陸軍軍人。
English: In 1844, he was born in Nekonokusurikoji (猫之薬小路), Kajiya-machi (Hogiri, Shitakajiya-machi), near Kagoshima-jo Castle in Satsuma Province, as the son of a feudal retainer of Satsuma clan, Tameuemon CHOSA.
Japanese: 1844年、薩摩藩士帖佐為右衛門の子として薩摩国鹿児島城下加治屋町猫之薬小路（下加治屋町方限）に生まれる。
English: In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he lead a small-sized musket unit and forced the foot soldiers of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) army to withdraw by the barrage of gunfire, and in the Siege of Utsunomiya-jo Castle, he created momentum to the victory, actively fighting by rushing to the castellated walls and clinging to it.
Japanese: 鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、薩摩藩の小銃隊を指揮して幕府歩兵を集中射撃により敗走させ、宇都宮城攻防戦では城壁に突進して取り付くなど奮戦し、勝利の契機をつくった。
English: During the Satsuma Rebellion, he went to the front as the regimental commander of the 12th Regiment of Foot Soldiers, and during the Sino-Japanese War, he participated in the attack to Ikaiei (a harbor city in the Sandong Peninsula, present Weihai in China) as the division commander of the 6th Division (Japanese Army).
Japanese: 西南の役では歩兵第12連隊長として出征し、日清戦争では第6師団(日本軍)長として威海衛の攻撃に参加する。
English: During the Russo-Japanese War, he advanced from the Yalu River to the Battle of Mukden fighting various battles along the way as the commander of the First Troop (Japanese Army), and the Russian army was afraid of him, calling him 'Kurokinsky' (after his family name Kuroki).
Japanese: 日露戦争では、第1軍(日本軍)司令官として鴨緑江から奉天会戦まで連戦し、ロシア軍からは、「クロキンスキー」と恐れられた。
English: On February 3, 1923, at 10:00 p.m., he died of pneumonia at his residence in Aoyama, Tokyo City.
Japanese: 1923年、2月3日午後10時、肺炎のため東京市青山の自邸において没。
English: Tamemoto's third son Kiyoshi KURODA (count) became the adopted heir of Count Kiyonaka KURODA, the son of Lieutenant General (army) and Count Kiyotaka KURODA who was the prime minister, then succeeded the peerage of count.
Japanese: 為楨三男の黒田清(伯爵)は内閣総理大臣黒田清隆陸軍中将伯爵の子、黒田清仲伯爵の養嗣子となり、伯爵の爵位を継ぐ。
English: He was a daring and impetuous commander as a typical samurai of Satsuma, and he was also an impulsive military person, who valued experience more than logic.
Japanese: 薩摩武士らしい豪傑タイプの猛将で、論理よりも経験を重んじる猪突猛進型の軍人であった。
English: To show his personality, there remains an anecdote, in which he is said to have threw the Emperor Meiji onto the ground without mercy, when the Emperor casually challenged him to Sumo.
Japanese: それを証明するかの様に、面白半分に相撲の相手を挑んできた明治天皇を容赦なく投げ飛ばし叩き付けたと云う逸話が残っている。
English: He demonstrated an excellent capacity of waving a baton as a commander in the open battle, making use of his experience for many years and his native intuition; and, the Japanese Army's unexpected run to a victory at the outset of the Russo-Japanese War owed greatly to his ability.
Japanese: 野戦指揮官としての長年の経験と勘を生かした優れた采配を見せ、日露開戦直後の日本軍の快進撃は黒木の手腕によるところが大きい。
English: However, he sometimes run out of the General Headquarters' policy owing to his reckless character, and during the Battle of Mukden, the General Headquarters (Japanese Army) in Manchuria repeatedly gave him an order to 'terminate the march' in order to detain his prominent actions.
Japanese: しかし、その猪突猛進型の性格が災いし、総司令部の意思に反した突出を見せる事があり、奉天会戦時には余りの突出ぶりに満州軍総司令部より再三「進撃中止の」命令を出されている。
English: After the Russo-Japanese War, most of the military commanders were promoted to the post of marshal (Japanese Army); however, he exceptionally ended his career as an army general.
Japanese: 日露戦後は他の軍司令官の大半が元帥(日本)位に登りつめたが、黒木だけは大将で軍歴を終えている。
English: However, Kuroki himself disliked the title of marshal, which he considered as a mere painted honorary position, and he was satisfied with the status of a commander in the field until the end of his career (In a letter directed to one of his colleagues, his words of such meaning can be found.)
Japanese: だが、黒木本人がお飾りだけの名誉職としての元帥位を嫌い、最後まで現場の指揮官としての地位を好んだと云う事もある（同僚に書いた手紙の中に、その様な内容が記されている物が残っている）。
English: But besides of this, it is said that the reason came from his rigid and wild character, which was unpopular among the military executives.
Japanese: が、その剛直で荒々しい性格が軍中央で好まれなかったと云うのが理由であるとされている。
English: KAWADA no Jiro (year of birth unknown-October 17, 1189) was samurai (warrior) who lived during the Heian and Kamakura periods.
Japanese: 河田次郎（かわだのじろう、生年不詳-文治5年9月6日(旧暦)（1189年10月17日））は平安時代・鎌倉時代期の武士。
English: In 1189, when his master FUJIWARA no Yasuhira was routed in the Oshu-seibatsu (Kamakura bakufu's military campaign against the Fujiwara of northern Japan) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, Kawada no Jiro, who was a feudal lord of Nienosaki, Hinai-gun (present-day Kazuno City, Akita Prefecture), betrayed his master and killed Yasuhira in the predawn hours of October 21.
Japanese: 文治5年（1189年）、源頼朝の奥州征伐によって主人藤原泰衡が敗走すると、比内郡贄柵（現秋田県鹿角市）の領主であった河田次郎は裏切って9月3日(旧暦)未明に泰衡を討った。
English: After examining the head, Yoritomo followed the case of MiNAMOTO no Yoriyoshi who made the head of Sadato ABE to be nailed down.
Japanese: 頼朝は実検を行うと、泰衡の首はかつて源頼義が安倍貞任の首を釘で打ち付けさせた例に倣わせた。
English: Yoritomo's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, had been betrayed by Tadamune OSADA under similar circumstances; it was said that Yoritomo was in a position which made him unable to forgive Kawada no Jiro.
Japanese: 頼朝の父・源義朝も同じような状況で長田忠致に裏切られて殺されており、頼朝の立場としては河田次郎が許せなかったのだと言われる。
English: Takanori KOJIMA (dates of birth and death are unknown) was a samurai from Bizen Province who lived from the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 児島高徳（兒嶋　髙德・こじまたかのり、生没年未詳）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけて活躍した備前国出身の武士。
English: He is generally called Saburo or Bingo Saburo, and he is sometimes also called Bingo no kami (provincial governor of Bingo), which is actually not his official court rank but just a nickname.
Japanese: 通称は、三郎、備後三郎で、備後守とも呼ばれることがあるが正式な官位ではなく単なる通称である。
English: In "Taiheiki," his name is written as Wada and Imaki, the names used by the Miyake family in Bizen Province, and "Kojima" (written as 児島 in Japanese) is sometimes misspelled with 小島 throughout the book.
Japanese: 太平記中では備前の三宅一族が名乗った和田、今木といった名字で表記される場合もあり、「児島」を「小島」と書き換える表記も散見される。
English: After the Genko War in 1331, he showed loyalty to Emperor Godaigo and after the split of the the Northern and Southern Courts, he consistently worked for the Southern Court.
Japanese: 1331年の元弘の乱以降、後醍醐天皇に対して忠勤を励み、南北朝分裂後も一貫して南朝(日本)側に仕えた。
English: In and after the Edo period, he was praised as a loyal subject of the Southern Court and especially in regard to education under the Kokuku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto), the loyal subject Takanori KOJIMA created great teaching material, which made him a national hero.
Japanese: 江戸時代以降、南朝の忠臣として讃えられ、特に皇国史観の下での学校教育において忠臣・児島高徳は絶好の教材となり、その結果、国民的英雄のひとりとなった。
English: Although the history around his birth is not clear because there are various opinions about it as stated below, they all have two common points.
Japanese: 出自に関しては、後述するように諸説あって定かではないが、共通する点が2つある。
English: Firstly, Takanori was a (biological or adopted) son of Norinaga WADA, the leader of the local ruling Miyake family who was based in Oku County, Bizen Province.
Japanese: まず第1点は、高徳が、備前国邑久郡に基盤を置く土豪の三宅一族を統率する和田範長の子（実子または養子）であることである。
English: Secondly, from his name 'Saburo' (literally means 'the third son'), one story suggests that Takanori was the third son and he had his eldest brother Enshin, who was a priest, his second elder brother named Jironorishige, and a younger sister.
Japanese: 第2点は、「三郎」という名乗りであり、一説に高徳は三男であり、長兄に僧・宴深、次兄に次郎範重が居り、下に妹が一人居るとされる。
English: Since his childhood, he had strong antipathy to the involvement of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in political affairs and tasks at the Imperial Court, including succession to the throne.
Japanese: 幼少の頃より、朝廷政事、殊に皇位継承に至るまで、幕府が干渉することに対して強い反感を抱いていたという。
English: In 1332, Emperor Godaigo was exiled to a distant island of Oki Province after losing the Genko War.
Japanese: 元弘2年（1332年）、後醍醐天皇は、先の元弘の乱に敗れ隠岐国へ遠流となる。
English: At that time, Takanori and a group of 200-odd horsemen consisting of his family and his retainers planned to raid the escort for the Emperor consisting of 500 horsemen led by Doyo SASAKI at Funasaka-toge Hill, which was the border of Harima and Bizen Provinces, in order to recapture the Emperor, but his plan ended in failure because he made a mistake in finding out the Emperor's traveling route.
Japanese: この時高徳は、播磨国・備前国境の船坂峠において、一族郎党二百余騎で佐々木道誉ら率いる五百騎の天皇護送団を強襲、後醍醐天皇の奪還を画策するが、天皇一行の移動ルート誤判によって失敗に終わる。
English: Takanori went to Sugisaka, the border of Harima and Mimasaka Provinces, to catch up the Emperor and the escort, but they already almost reached Innosho (today's Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture) by that time, and his troops were dispersed like mist because of this wrong strategy.
Japanese: 高徳は天皇一行を播磨・美作国国境の杉坂まで追うものの、その時既に天皇一行は院庄（現・岡山県津山市）付近へ達しており、完全な作戦ミスの前に軍勢は雲散霧消してしまった。
English: However, as Takanori could not give up recapturing the Emperor, he by himself broke through strict security of the Sakura-jinja Shrine in Innosho, where the group was resting, in the night.
Japanese: その際、高徳唯一人が天皇の奪還を諦めず、夜になって院庄の天皇行在所・作楽神社の厳重な警備を潜り侵入する。
English: Although he got close to the room where the Emperor was, he had to give up his plan of the recapture because of heavier guard and so he carved a message of a Chinese poem '天莫空勾践 時非無范蠡' (which means 'as gods saved King Goujian of Yue, so they will never give up on you, and some faithful retainers like Fan Li shall come to save you' in English) on a nearby cherry tree to deliver his will and to encourage the Emperor.
Japanese: やがて天皇宿舎付近へ迫るも、それまでの警備とは段違いな警護の前に天皇の奪還を断念、傍にあった桜の木へ「天莫空勾践　時非無范蠡」（天は古代中国の越王・勾践に対するように、決して帝をお見捨てにはなりません。きっと范蠡の如き忠臣が現れ、必ずや帝をお助けする事でしょう）という漢詩を彫り書き入れ、その意志と共に天皇を勇気付けたという。
English: The soldier who found the poem in the morning could not understand its meaning, and only Emperor Godaigo understood it when he asked what was going on as it was noisy outside.
Japanese: 因みに、朝になってこの桜の木に彫られた漢詩を発見した兵士は何と書いてあるのか解せず、外が騒々しい為に何事か仔細を聞いた後醍醐天皇のみこの漢詩の意味が理解できたという。
English: The Emperor escaped from Oki Province with help from the Nawa clan such as Nagatoshi NAWA as the message of 'as gods saved King Goujian of Yue, so they will never give up on you, and some faithful retainers like Fan Li shall come to save you' suggested, and when he raised an army at Mt. Senjo of Hoki Province, Takanori and his foster father joined the army and rendered distinguished military service in the war.
Japanese: この時彫られた「天勾践を空しうすること莫れ、時に范蠡の無きにしも非ず」の言葉通り、翌年に名和長年ら名和氏の導きにより天皇が隠岐を脱出、伯耆国船上山において挙兵した際には、高徳も養父とともに赴いて幕府軍と戦い戦功を挙げたとされる。
English: However, Takanori's name did not appear in the record of the grant of honors for the war, and this fact supports the theory of his non-involvement.
Japanese: しかし、その論功行賞の記録には高徳の名前が無く、児島高徳否定説の根拠とされている。