nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Under the statute, up to 4 emperors removed, relatives are still considered as members of the Imperial Family, those who are more than 5 emperors removed are not considered as members of the Imperial Family, however they still have the rank as emperor and receive the On I of the Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), those with more than 6 emperors removed are not allowed to have the rank of the emperor. (However the rank was changed in March 706.)
Japanese: 律令においては、4世王までは皇親となり、5世王は皇親とはならないものの王号を有し従五位下の蔭位を受け、6世王は王号を得られないものとされた（もっとも、慶雲3年2月の格で変更あり)。
English: Learning from the experience of Imperial blood in the Nara period being discontinued, in the Heian period the Imperial Family had many male children as potential successors of the Princes to secure Imperial succession.
Japanese: 奈良時代の皇統（天皇の血筋）が断絶したことを教訓として、平安時代には安定した皇位継承のため、多くの皇子をもうけることがよく行われた。
English: However there were a few Princes eligible to succeed to the throne, many Princes were not able to become Emperors from early to Middle Heian period.
Japanese: しかし、実際に皇位継承できる皇子はごく少数に限られ、平安前期から中期にかけて、皇位継承の道を閉ざされた皇族が多数発生することとなった。
English: Such Imperial Families were allowed to receive a certain income under the Statutes, but it caused too much financial strain, consequently, they were encouraged to accept demotion from nobility to common subject.
Japanese: これらの皇族に対しても律令の定めにより一定の所得が与えられることで財政を圧迫する要因となったため、皇位継承の可能性がなくなった皇族たちを臣籍降下させることが行われるようになった。
English: The first and the second generations of the Imperial Families were assured their positions as upper court nobles in the Imperial Palace, in fact those after the third generations were ruined and went to the country, where they settled and became Samurai or a powerful clan.
Japanese: 一、二代ほどは上流貴族として朝廷での地位を保証されたが実際には三代以降はほとんどが没落して地方に下向、そのまま土着し武士・豪族となるしかなかった。
English: By the Edo period, it had become a custom for all the Imperial Families to enter into the priesthood who were not related according to Imperial succession or who were not one of the heredity Imperial Family members (the Fushiminomiya family, the Katsuranomiya family, the Arisugawanomiya family, the Kan innomiya family), there was no Shisei Imperial Family existing.
Japanese: 時代が下がり江戸時代になると皇位継承又は世襲親王家（伏見宮家・桂宮家・有栖川宮家・閑院宮家）相続と無関係の皇族は皆出家する慣例となり、賜姓皇族は現れなくなった。
English: However, there were many examples of having adopted children to succeed the family during the Edo period and it did not matter whether someone was higher rank or lower rank, there were three examples of Imperial Family members being adopted to a Regent family who did not have any successors (Kobetsu regent family).
Japanese: もっとも、江戸時代は身分の上下を問わず家を存続させるための養子が頻繁に行われており、嗣子の絶えた摂家を継ぐため皇族が養子に入った例が3例ある（皇別摂家）。
English: Under Imperial Family Law issued during the Meiji period, the permanent Imperial regulation was decided, to prevent having too many Imperial members, Marquis and Counts were demoted from nobility to subject to protect the Imperial palace.
Japanese: 明治時代に制定された旧皇室典範の下では、永世皇族制を採るものとされたが、皇族（皇親）の増え過ぎを防ぐために、侯爵又は伯爵の爵位を賜り臣籍に下ろし、以て皇室の藩屏たらしめることが行われるようになる。
English: After the Constitution of Japan was issued on October 14, 1947, 11 Miyake (families allowed to be in status of Imperial Family), 51 Imperial members were demoted from nobility to subject excluding three jikimiya (Imperial Family members who are directly related to the Emperor) (Emperor Taisho's Princes, Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya).
Japanese: 日本国憲法施行後の1947年（昭和22年）10月14日に3直宮（大正天皇の皇子たる秩父宮・高松宮・三笠宮）を除く11宮家51名が皇籍離脱する。
English: According to the Imperial Family Law (Showa 22, Law No. 3), Clause 11, one Imperial Prince, ten Emperors, and three Princesses were demoted from nobility to subject, based upon Clause 13 of Imperial Family Law, five Empresses of Emperors and lineal descendants (16 Emperors and nine Empresses) and their two Empresses did the same, based upon Clause 14, No. 1 of Imperial Family Law, five mistresses of former Emperors left the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 内親王1名、王10名及び女王3名については皇室典範（昭和22年法律第3号）第11条により、離脱する王の妃5名並びに直系卑属（王16名及び女王9名）及びその妃2名は皇室典範第13条により、寡妃5名は皇室典範第14条第1項により、それぞれ離脱した。
English: Imperial Family members demoted from nobility to subject were given a surname to show their rank was reduced to subject.
Japanese: 臣籍に降下する皇族には、臣下であることを表す氏及びカバネが与えられる。
English: The name of Minamoto started when Emperor Saga demoted his 32 Princes and Princesses from nobility to subject and gave them the surname of Minamoto.
Japanese: 源氏は嵯峨天皇が、815年（弘仁5年）に自らの皇子・皇女32名を一挙に臣籍降下させ、源氏を賜ったことに始まる。
English: The name of Taira originated with Emperor Kanmu giving the surname Taira to his fifth Prince, Imperial Prince Katsurahara's children in 825.
Japanese: 平氏は桓武天皇が、825年（天長2年）に第5皇子葛原親王の子女に平氏を賜ったことに始まる。
English: In ancient times when the concept of demotion from nobility to subject was not yet clear, Imperial Families with ancestors from after the era of the ninth Emperor Kaika, were given the surname Kimi (Kabane).
Japanese: 臣籍降下の概念が明確ではなかった上代においては、第9代の開化天皇以降の皇別の氏族には公（きみ）の姓（かばね）が与えられていた。
English: After the eight honorary titles were issued, an Imperial Family with ancestors from after the era of the fifteenth Emperor Ojin, were give the surname of Mahito.
Japanese: その後、八色の姓が制定されると、第15代の応神天皇以降の皇別の氏族には真人が与えられるようになる。
English: Once the name was settled as Minamoto and Taira, the kabane was also settled as Asomi.
Japanese: 与えられる氏が源平に固定されると姓（かばね）も朝臣に固定されるようになる。
English: By the way when Emperors are demoted from nobility to subject, they keep their names although the title of the Emperor cancelled, however there are some cases where they changed their names from the original to another, for example, Prince Kazuraki (TACHIBANA no Moroe) to Moroe, Prince Mochihito to Mochimitsu.
Japanese: なお、臣籍降下に際して、王の身位は当然に除かれるとは言え、名は改めないのが通常であるが、葛城王（橘諸兄）から諸兄、以仁王から以光などのように改める事例もある。
English: After the Meiji period, some examples can be seen where they kept the same original Miyago when they were demoted from nobility to subject. (Marquis Yoshimaro YAMASHINA, Marquis Kunihisa KUNI, Count Hirohide FUSHIMI).
Japanese: 明治時代以降の臣籍降下では、生家の宮号と同じ氏を用いる例があった（山階芳麿侯爵・久邇邦久侯爵・伏見博英伯爵）。
English: Also there were another examples where they kept the same Miya go title which was about to be or already discontinued, in order to succeed the ritual of the prince's family (Marquis Teruhisa KOMATSU, Marquis Hironobu KACHO, Count Kunihide HIGASHIFUSHIMI).
Japanese: また、廃絶した又は廃絶する予定の宮家の祭祀を承継するため廃絶した宮家の宮号と同じ氏を用いる例があった（小松輝久侯爵・華頂博信侯爵・東伏見邦英伯爵）。
English: On other occasions, the name of a place related to the prince's family was used.
Japanese: そうではない場合は、宮家に所縁のある地名などを用いることが多かった。
English: Since secession (of a prince) from the Imperial Family on October 14, 1947, all the Miyake family used their Miya go title as their 'surname' when complying with the Family Registration Law, the same names like Yamashina, Kuni, and Fushimi who were previously demoted from nobility to subject were used as their surnames.
Japanese: 1947年（昭和22年）10月14日の皇籍離脱では、全ての宮家で宮号をそのまま戸籍法上の「氏」としたため、かつて降下した山階家・久邇家・伏見家と戸籍法上の氏が重複することとなった。
English: It was not allowed for Imperial members who were demoted to subjects, to come back to the Imperial Family again, however there were in fact some exceptions that can be seen.
Japanese: 一度臣籍に降下した後には皇族に復帰することは許されないのが原則であるが、皇籍に復帰する事例も比較的多く見られた。
English: Among the following examples, Emperor Uda's children and Imperial Prince Tadafusa became members of Imperial Family although they were born as subjects.
Japanese: なお、以下の例の内、宇多天皇の子達や忠房親王の例は、臣籍として生まれながら、皇籍に移行した例である。
English: It is not easy to be strictly classified as secession (of a prince) from the Imperial Family, but one example is the Shirakawahakuo family (Emperor KAZAN's descendant, Kazan Minamoto clan's family line).
Japanese: また、厳密な皇籍復帰に分類するのは困難であるが、白川伯王家（花山天皇子孫、花山源氏の家系)が挙げられる。
English: It was allowed to be called 'Emperor' as soon as one was appointed Jingihaku (administrator of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony).
Japanese: 白川伯王家は、神祇伯に就くと同時に「王」を称することが許されていた。
English: Prince Wake was demoted from nobility to subject in 755 and received the name of Mahito OKA, however he returned to the Imperial Family in 759.
Japanese: 和気王は755年に岡真人の姓を賜って降下するが、759年に皇籍に復帰する。
English: Prince Wake's children (Prince Otomo, Prince Nagaoka, Prince Nagusa, Prince Yamashina, Princess Uneme) were ordered to be demoted from nobility to subject due to their father's treason, however they returned to Imperial Family in 771.
Japanese: 和気王の子達（大伴王・長岡王・名草王・山階王・采女王ら）は父の謀反に連坐して臣籍降下を命じられるが、771年に皇籍に復帰する。
English: He received the name of 三長真人 in 764, and received another name of YAMABE no Mahito in 771, then returned to the Imperial Family in 774.
Japanese: 764年に三長真人を賜姓、771年に山辺真人を賜姓、774年に皇籍復帰。
English: She was demoted from nobility to subject under suspicion of being involved in putting a curse on Emperor Shotoku, however three years later, she returned to Imperial Family and became Imperial Princess.
Japanese: 称徳天皇に対する呪詛事件に関わったとされて降下させられるが、3年後復帰し、内親王となる。
English: Imperial Prince Sadami demoted from nobility to subject after receiving the surname of Minamoto, then he came back to the Imperial Family and succeeded to the throne. (Emperor Uda)
Japanese: 定省親王は源姓を賜って臣籍降下した後に皇族に復帰し、践祚する（宇多天皇）。
English: However he returned as Nakatsukasakyo (equivalent to Shoshiinojo) (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) after he was forced to return to the Imperial Family by Imperial order in 977.
Japanese: ところが、977年勅命によって突如皇籍に復帰させられて中務卿に遷った。
English: It is said that this was a plot of the Fujiwara clan who were aiming to the position of the Sadaijin since there was a tradition of an Imperial Family member not being allowed to become a Minister.
Japanese: これは、皇族は大臣とならない当時の慣例に目を付けて、左大臣の地位を狙った藤原氏の陰謀と言われている。
English: Initially he did not receive the Emperor's order and he was named Prince Koreyasu, later he became Seii Taishogun (literally, "Great General who subdues the barbarians"), he was demoted from nobility to subject and received the name of MINAMOTO no Asomi, he returned to the Imperial Family after that and received the title to become Imperial Prince from the Emperor.
Japanese: 当初は親王宣下を受けず惟康王、征夷大将軍就任後に臣籍に降下し源朝臣の氏姓を賜り、後に皇籍に復帰し親王宣下を受ける。
English: After he returned to Imperial Family in 1888, he was demoted from nobility to subject again in the same year and received the new family name of Kiyosu.
Japanese: 1888年に皇籍復帰し、同年再度臣籍降下し、新たに清棲の家名を賜る。
English: At this time his brother, Prince Wake was demoted from nobility to subject after receiving the name of 岡真人, however, Prince Wake returned to the Imperial Family in 759.
Japanese: 同時に兄弟の和気王も岡真人の氏姓を賜り臣籍降下するが、和気王は天平宝字3年（759年）に皇籍に復帰する。
English: On May 13, 889 he was demoted from nobility to subject after receiving an Imperial order from Emperor Uda to have the name of Taira.
Japanese: 889年（寛平元年）5月13日宇多天皇の勅命により平姓を授かり臣籍降下。
English: Except for following two examples, two illegitimate children of Kitashirakawanomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa, who were common subjects, became nobility on July 1, 1897, (Count Yoshiyuki FUTARA and Count Masao UENO) however, this was not considered as a demotion from nobility to subject, since their rank had been subject.
Japanese: 下記2例以外にも、臣籍にあった北白川宮能久親王庶子2名が、明治30年（1897年）7月1日に華族に列している（二荒芳之伯爵と上野正雄伯爵）が、当初から臣籍にあったので「臣籍降下」には当らない。
English: When he was twenty one years old, while he was a Rear Admiral candidate student, he was demoted from nobility to subject and he established the family of Marquis Komatsu. (He succeeded the ritual of the Komatsunomiya family.)
Japanese: 21歳で海軍少尉候補生の時に臣籍降下し小松侯爵家を創設する（小松宮家の祭祀を承継する）。
English: He demoted from nobility to subject when he was 20 years old while he was Rear Admiral and established the Marquis Kacho family. (He succeeded the ritual of the Kachomiya family.)
Japanese: 20歳で海軍少尉の時に臣籍降下し華頂侯爵家を創設する（華頂宮家の祭祀を承継する）。
English: He married Prince Kotohito's fifth Princess, Kaninnomiya Princess Hanako on December 13, 1926.
Japanese: 大正15年12月13日に閑院宮載仁親王第5女子の閑院宮華子女王と婚姻する。
English: He used to belong in headquarters, Third Allied Communication Unit, but he died in the War on August 21, 1943, his promotion was accelerated to Lieutenant Commander.
Japanese: 第三連合通信隊司令部に属していたが、昭和18年8月21日に戦死し、海軍少佐に特進する。
English: The Imperial Family and eleven other Miyake (prince's house) renounced their Imperial Family membership with the exception of the members of the direct prince families of Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya.
Japanese: 天皇家と秩父宮・高松宮・三笠宮の直宮家を除く傍系11宮家が皇籍を離脱した。
English: Imperial Princess Toshiko was Emperor Meiji's Imperial Princess, Shigeko HIGASHIKUNI was Emperor Showa's first Prince, however they both became targets to renouncement their memberships in the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 聡子内親王は明治天皇の、東久邇成子は昭和天皇の1世の皇女であったが、皇籍離脱の対象となった。
English: It is a custom for Imperial Family, who are demoted from nobility to subject, to establish a new prince's house, but there was another option of being adopted by the family who are common subjects.
Japanese: 皇族は臣籍降下に際して、新たに一家を創設するのが通例であるが、臣下の養子（猶子）となる形で臣籍に降下する例もあった。
English: It was not mentioned in the Imperial House Law, but it is presume to be not allowed, however, according to the clause 2 of the Imperial Family Law 增補, the Princes are permitted to become a successor to a nobleman.
Japanese: 皇室典範には、規定がなくむしろ禁止されていたと解されるが、皇室典範增補第2条により、王は、華族の家督相続人となることが認められるようになった。
English: However under the Meiji Imperial Household Law, there are no examples of a Prince becoming successor to nobility.
Japanese: もっとも、明治皇室典範の下で、王が華族の家督相続人となった事例はない。
English: Under a government based upon the ritsuryo legal code, the right was granted for Imperial Princes and Princesses to keep their rank as Imperial Family after marrying partners who were not from the Imperial Family, however according to Imperial House Law they must renounce their membership in the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 律令制度の下では、内親王・女王は非皇族と婚姻しても、皇族の身分を保持したままであることが通例であったが、皇室典範では皇籍を離脱することが定められる。
English: She renounced her membership from the Imperial Family on May 21, 1950, when she married Toshimichi TAKATSUKASA, who was the successor of the Takatsukasa family.
Japanese: 1950年（昭和25年）5月21日に鷹司家継嗣の鷹司平通と婚姻するのに伴い皇籍を離脱する。
English: She renounced her membership from the Imperial Family on October 10, 1952, when she married Takamasa IKEDA of the Okayama Domain.
Japanese: 1952年（昭和27年）10月10日に岡山藩の池田隆政と婚姻するのに伴い皇籍を離脱する。
English: She renounced her membership from the Imperial Family on March 10, 1960, when she married Hisanaga SHIMAZU of the Shimazu clan.
Japanese: 1960年（昭和35年）3月10日に島津氏の島津久永と婚姻するのに伴い皇籍を離脱する。
English: She renounced her membership from the Imperial Family on December 18, 1966, when she married Moriteru KONOE (later called Tadateru KONOE) of the Konoe family.
Japanese: 1966年（昭和41年）12月18日に近衛家の近衛護煇（後に近衛忠てる）と婚姻するのに伴い皇籍を離脱する。
English: She renounced her membership from the Imperial Family on October 14, 1983 when she married Masayuki SEN of the Urasenke school of tea ceremony.
Japanese: 1983年（昭和58年）10月14日に裏千家の千政之と婚姻するのに伴い皇籍を離脱する。
English: She renounced her membership from the Imperial Family on November 15, 2005, when she married Yoshiki KURODA.
Japanese: 2005年（平成17年）11月15日に黒田慶樹と婚姻するのに伴い皇籍を離脱する。
English: Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Sadafusa (April 9, 1372 - September 28, 1456) was a member of the Imperial family during the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 伏見宮貞成親王（ふしみのみやさだふさしんのう、応安5年3月25日（1372年4月9日）-康正2年8月29日（1456年9月28日））は、室町時代の皇族。
English: Sadaijin (the Minister of the left), Kinnao and his father, Sadaijin, Kinyuki became his foster parent, Sadafusa remembered his parent's kindness for the rest of his life.
Japanese: 左大臣公直・左大臣公行父子が養親となり貞成は終生その養育の恩を忘れなかった。
English: On April 4, 1411 he finally celebrated his coming-of-age ceremony when he was forty at the Fushimi Imperial Palace and was named Sadafusa, then he was sent to his father, Imperial Prince Yoshihito.
Japanese: 応永18年（1411年）4月4日、40歳でやっと伏見御所に元服し貞成と名乗り、父栄仁親王のもとに迎えられる。
English: On December 18, 1416, after Imperial Prince Yoshihito died, Prince Haruhito, who succeeded Imperial Prince Yoshihito, also suddenly died in the following year, on March 8, 1417, and finally Sadafusa became the successor.
Japanese: 応永23年（1416年）11月20日栄仁親王没、翌24年（1417年）2月11日に栄仁親王の後を継いだ治仁王も急死し、貞成が後継となる。
English: Sadafusa was suspected of killing his older brother using poison, however the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu and fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA gave relieved him of any wrong doing.
Japanese: 貞成には兄を毒殺した嫌疑がかけられるが、後小松上皇や四代将軍足利義持から安堵を受けた。
English: Since Fushiminomiya was the legitimate family of the Northern Court, Sadafusa was often look upon with suspicion by others.
Japanese: 伏見宮は北朝の正統であったために天皇家からは猜疑心をもって見られることが何かと多かった。
English: When Emperor Shoko's maid, Shin Naishi (lady in waiting) became pregnant in 1418, Sadafusa was suspected of having a secret relationship with her, however with Yoshimochi's help, he was able to avoid the situation after submitting Kishomon (oath documents to God) on July 17 of the same year.
Japanese: 応永25年（1418年）に称光天皇の仕女である新内侍が懐妊した際にも密通の嫌疑がかけられたが、義持のとりなしがあり、貞成は同年7月17日に起請文を提出するなどして辛くも虎口を免れた。
English: When Emperor Shoko slipped into critical condition, he became a candidate for succession to the throne and received the title Imperial Prince by Imperial order on May 13, 1425.
Japanese: 称光天皇が一時期危篤状態へ陥ると次期天皇の候補にもなり、応永32年（1425年）4月16日には親王宣下を受ける。
English: However, Emperor Shoko recovered and was furious when he heard about it, on July 5, just after three months later, Sadafusa shaved his head at Fushimi Shigetsuan (Shigetsu monastery) and was forced to enter into the priesthood.
Japanese: だが、回復した称光天皇がこの報を聞くと激怒したため、わずか3ヶ月後の7月5日伏見指月庵で薙髮、出家に追い込まれた。
English: When Emperor Shoko became critical again in August and September 1428, the sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA protected Sadafusa's biological son, Prince Hikohito, and asked the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu to appoint a new Emperor.
Japanese: 正長元年（1428年）7月に再び称光天皇が重態に陥ると、六代将軍の足利義教は貞成の実子である彦仁王を庇護し、後小松上皇に新帝の指名を求める。
English: Imperial Prince Sadafusa received the respective title of retired emperor on November 12, 1448, and was called Gosukoin.
Japanese: 文安4年（1447年）11月27日に貞成親王は太上天皇の尊号を贈られ、後崇光院と呼ばれた。
English: "The Spell of the Imperial Throne" written by Takayuki HARADA (Soubunsha, 2006) ISBN 4-7947-0536-0
Japanese: 原田隆之『皇位の呪縛』（叢文社、2006年）ISBN4-7947-0536-0
English: Imperial Prince Sanehito (May 16, 1552 - September 7, 1586) was a member of the Imperial family in the Azuchimomoyama period.
Japanese: 誠仁親王（さねひとしんのう、1552年5月16日（天文21年4月23日）-1586年9月7日（天正14年7月24日））は、安土桃山時代の皇族。
English: In December 1568 (old calendar), he received the title of Imperial Prince by Imperial Order and had a coming of age ceremony; in January 1584 (old calendar), he received the rank of Sanbon (the third rank of the Imperial Prince's ranks).
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）12月に親王宣下され元服、天正12年（1584年）1月三品に叙せられる。
English: He had a close relationship with Nobunaga ODA and actually received a residence from him; on the other hand, Nobunaga tried to better his own position in the Imperial Palace by using his relationship with Imperial Prince Sanehito.
Japanese: 織田信長から屋敷を献上されるなど親密な関係であり、信長は誠仁親王との関係を通して朝廷との関係を優位にしようとしていた。
English: He was staying at the Nijo Palace (the former Nijo-jo Castle) where Nobunaga's eldest son, Nobutada was protected, when the Honnoji Incident happened.
Japanese: 本能寺の変の際、信長の嫡子織田信忠守る二条御所（二条城の前身）に滞在していた。
English: Nobutada made a harrowing escape to arrange a cease-fire agreement just before the Nijo Palace was surrounded by Mitsuhide AKECHI, and then let Prince Sanehito escaped from the Palace.
Japanese: 信忠は明智光秀軍に二条御所が包囲される直前、休戦協定を結び誠仁親王を脱出させたため、難を逃れた。
English: He died of illness while he was the official investiture of the Crown Prince and was waiting to succeed to the throne, his son, Imperial Prince Kazuhito (Emperor Goyozei) was adopted by Emperor Ogimachi and succeeded to the throne.
Japanese: 立太子から譲位する間際に病没し、その遺子である和仁親王（後陽成天皇）を正親町天皇は猶子として、譲位した。
English: Emperor Goyozei gave the respective title of Retired Emperor Yoko to his father (Imperial Prince Sanehito) who had already passed away.
Japanese: 後陽成天皇は後に病没した父（誠仁親王）へ陽光太上天皇の尊号を贈った。
English: His son, Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi became an adopted child of Nobunaga ODA, and Imperial Prince Toshihito became the adopted child of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.. (There is a theory that Imperial Prince Sanehito became an adopted child of Nobunaga, however this was inaccurate information caused by the fact both Imperial Prince Sanehito and Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi were called '五宮'.)
Japanese: なお、子である邦慶親王は織田信長の、智仁親王は豊臣秀吉の猶子となっている（なお、誠仁親王が信長の猶子となったという説があるが、これは誠仁親王も邦慶親王もいずれも「五宮」と呼ばれていたことから来た誤伝である）。
English: Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Sukehito (April 1, 1733 - August 1, 1794) was the head of the Miyake (house of an imperial prince) in Edo period and member of the Imperial family.
Japanese: 閑院宮典仁親王（かんいんのみやすけひとしんのう、享保18年2月17日（1733年4月1日）-寛政6年7月6日（1794年8月1日））は、江戸時代の宮家当主で皇族。
English: Imperial Prince Sukehito lived during the Edo period, and later he was given the title Emperor Kyoko after the end of Meiji period.
Japanese: 閑院宮典仁親王の呼びかたは江戸期のもので、明治期以後は慶光天皇という。
English: He was a talented poet of Waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) who was one of the popular poets of oral tradition in the Kokindenju, he was also known to be good with a brush and an very rare example of his calligraphy in black paint exists in Tanzaku (a long sheet on which Waka poems are written).
Japanese: 古今伝授伝承者に名を連ねる和歌の名手で、能書家でもあり、短冊などの遺墨は、たいへん貴重。
English: Since Emperor Gomomozono died in 1779 without having a prince to become his successor, Imperial Prince Sukehito's sixth Prince, Imperial Prince Morohito (Tomohito) succeeded to the throne in haste (Emperor Kokaku).
Japanese: 朝廷では、1779年に後桃園天皇が男子を残さないままに崩御してしまった為、典仁親王の第六皇子として生まれた師仁親王（兼仁親王）が、急遽即位（光格天皇）となった。
English: Since his father, Imperial Prince Sukehito's rank in the Imperial Palace was lower than Minister, the respected title of the retired emperor was about to be given to Imperial Prince Sukehito, but he did not receive it, since the Senior Councilor of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA was ageist it. (Songo ikken - Songo Incident)
Japanese: 父である典仁親王の宮中での地位が大臣より低い事から、太上天皇の尊号を贈ろうとしたが、江戸幕府老中・松平定信などに反対され、贈る事はできなかった（尊号一件）。
English: In 1884, he was given the posthumous name of 'Emperor Kyoko' and the respected title of 'retired emperor,' being Emperor Meiji's great great grandfather, (The procedure to do this was a lot more complicated since the system of having a 'the retired emperor' was abolished after Meiji period) so, after that he was called Emperor Kyoko or Kyokoin, instead of Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Sukehito.
Japanese: 1884年（明治17年）になり、明治天皇の高祖父にあたるという事で「慶光天皇」の諡号と「太上天皇」の尊号が贈られた（明治以後に「太上天皇」制度が廃止された関係で二重の手続を要した）、以後、閑院宮典仁親王ではなく、慶光天皇または慶光院と称される。
English: Nairan is to check and read any document for the Emperor to read, or for Emperor to make decision about, or the position of Ryoge no Kan (a position which is not included in the regulations).
Japanese: 内覧（ないらん）とは、天皇に奉る文書や、天皇が裁可する文書など一切を先に見ること、またはその令外官の役職。
English: There was an imperial letter for Nairan for the Regent and the Chancellor, sometimes a position like Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), Udaijin (the Minister of the Right), Naidaijin (the Minister of the Interior) or Nagon (senior official of the Imperial Japanese Council of State) would received the same imperial letter, Nairan.
Japanese: 摂政・関白は内覧の宣旨が下されるが、摂政・関白ではない左大臣・右大臣・内大臣、または納言級にも内覧の宣旨が下される場合もある。
English: There was one example when Nairan was ordered to a position except for Regent or Chancellor, when Emperor Daigo was in power, instead of having those two positions, FUJIWARA no Tokihira and SUGAWARA no Michizane became Nairan.
Japanese: 摂政関白以外に内覧が任じられた主な例としては、醍醐天皇の時に摂政・関白が置かれず、藤原時平・菅原道真が内覧となった。
English: There were no positions for regent or chancellor set up during Emperor Daigo's era, and FUJIWARA no Tokihira and FUJIWARA no Michizane became Nairan.
Japanese: 醍醐天皇の時に摂政・関白が置かれず、藤原時平・菅原道真が内覧となった。
English: When the Regent, FUJIWARA no Koretada died while Emperor Reizei was in power, Koretada's younger brother, FUJIWARA no Kanemichi, was to become Chancellor, but he was still in the position of Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and this did not satisfy the requirements to become Chancellor, once he was appointed to Nairan, Naidaijin (the Minister of the Interior), he was then appointed to the Chancellor, after having the Naidaijin rank.
Japanese: 冷泉天皇の時に摂政藤原伊尹が亡くなると、弟の藤原兼通が関白となることになったが、未だ中納言の官で関白就任の要件を満たしていなかったために、一旦内覧・内大臣に任じられて後日内大臣の資格で改めて関白に任じられた。