nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In Osaka, because of the reasons including that there was no daily paper regularly published and, therefore, nishiki-e-shinbun there played a more important role than that of nishiki-e-shinbun in Tokyo as a news medium.
Japanese: 大阪では日刊紙が定着してなかったこともあり、東京の錦絵新聞よりもニュース媒体としてもっと大きな役割を果たした。
English: As eshi there, Sadanobu HASEGAWA II, Yoshitaki SASAKI, Hoko SASAKI, and Shigehiro RYUO were engaged in a plurality of nishiki-e-shinbun and, in addition, there were Hironobu KINOSHITA II, Yoshikage GOTO, Raisai SUZUKI, Yoshimine GYOKUTEI, etc.
Japanese: 絵師としては、二代長谷川貞信と佐々木芳瀧、佐々木芳光、柳桜茂広が複数の錦絵新聞にかかわるほか、二代木下広信、後藤芳景、鈴木雷斎、玉亭芳峰など。
English: Saikyo Nishiki-e Shinbun' (a newspaper with nishiki-e sold in western Kyoto area) and 'Nishiki-e Shinbun' were published in Kyoto and, in addition, it is said that there were also nishiki-e-shinbun published in Nagoya, Kochi, Niigata, Tsu and Kanazawa, however, some of these papers were not news media but were positioned as 'attachments to the main paper.'
Japanese: 京都では「西京錦絵新聞」、「錦絵新聞」が刊行されたほか、名古屋、高知、新潟、津、金沢でも錦絵新聞があったとされるが、これには、ニュースメディアとしてではなく、「本紙の付録」としての位置づけのものも混じる。
English: That is, the publications which took the form of nishiki-e-shinbun included those that were produced incidentally as advertisements or attachments of the main paper.
Japanese: つまり、錦絵新聞の形態をとる刊行物の中には、本紙の宣伝・付録として付属的に作成されたものも含まれる。
English: On the other hand, there were 'Kanzenchoaku Yomikiri Koshaku' (poetic-justice each-volume-concluded story-telling), 'Meiyo Shinbun' (honor newspaper), etc., which could not be said to be 'nishiki-e-shinbun' because their contents were not 'newspaper articles' though the combination of nishiki-e prints and explanatory texts in each of them had a style similar to that of nishiki-e shinbun.
Japanese: 一方、錦絵と説明の組み合わせが錦絵新聞に近い様式をもつが、内容が「新聞記事」ではないため「錦絵新聞」とは言えないものに、「勧善懲悪読切講釈」や「名誉新聞」等がある。
English: The term "Katawa-guruma" refers to a Japanese ghost seen in old books of ghost stories and others written during the Edo period.
Japanese: 片輪車（かたわぐるま）は、江戸時代の怪談などの古書に見られる日本の妖怪。
English: It is an oxcart on just one wheel engulfed in flames, running with a beautiful woman (or a horrible man) on itself, and the people who see it will be cursed, they say.
Japanese: 炎に包まれた片輪のみの牛車が美女または恐ろしい男を乗せて走り、姿を見たものを祟るとされる。
English: "Shokoku Satobitodan" (Talks of People in Local Provinces), a book on miscellaneous subjects written in the Kanpo era, carries a folklore of Katawa-guruma in the Kanbun era in Omi Province (the present Shiga Prefecture).
Japanese: 寛保時代の雑書『諸国里人談』には、寛文時代の近江国（現・滋賀県）に伝わる片輪車の話がある。
English: In a certain village of Koga-gun (Koga County), Omi Province, an oxcart on one wheel engulfed in flames, with a woman on itself, was on the prowl almost every night, and those who saw it, or even those who just rumored about it, were said to be cursed, so people refrained from going out at night and tightly shut the doors of their houses.
Japanese: 甲賀郡のある村に、炎に包まれた片輪の車が女を乗せて毎晩のように徘徊しており、それを見た者は祟りがあり、そればかりか噂話をしただけでも祟られるとされ、人々は夜には外出を控えて家の戸を固く閉ざしていた。
English: However, a woman out of curiosity peeked out through the slit of her house's door, and when the above-mentioned Katawa-guruma appeared it said that she should rather watch her own child than peek at Katawa-guruma.
Japanese: しかしある女が興味本位で、家の戸の隙間から外を覗き見ると、件の片輪車が現れ「我見るより我が子を見よ」と告げた。
English: Grieving her child's disappearance, the woman composed a Japanese poem that said, 'I myself am willing to take the punishment for peeking, but the small oxcart concealed my child. I do not know how to heal this grief,' and she posted the slip, on which the poem was written, on the door of her house.
Japanese: 女は嘆き「罪科（つみとが）は我にこそあれ小車のやるかたわかぬ子をばかくしそ」と一首詠んで戸口に貼り付けた。
English: Then, the next night, Katawa-guruma appeared, read the poem resonantly and said, 'How affectionate a woman she is! Then I will give back the child to her. But I cannot stay here, because I was seen by a villager,' and Katawa-guruma returned the child.
Japanese: すると次の日の晩に片輪車が現れ、その歌を声高らかに詠み上げると「やさしの者かな、さらば子を返すなり。我、人に見えては所にありがたし」と言って子供を返した。
English: Katawa-guruma immediately went away, and never came back to the village since it was seen by the villager, they say.
Japanese: 片輪車はそのまま姿を消し、人間に姿を見られてしまったがため、その村に姿を現すことは二度となかったという。
English: In the area formerly called Shinano Province (the present Nagano Prefecture), there exists a folk tale similar to that in the above-mentioned "Shokoku Satobitodan," and it is introduced in the essay "Tankai."
Japanese: 信濃国（現・長野県）には上記の『諸国里人談』に類似した話があり、随筆『譚海』で紹介されている。
English: In a shrine of a certain village, a god having the name of 'Hitotsu-guruma' was enshrined, and it was said that people should never watch Hitotsu-guruma when it went through the village.
Japanese: とある村の神社で「一つ車（ひとつぐるま）」という名の神が祀られており、これが村を通るときには決して見てはいけないといわれていた。
English: But a woman out of curiosity peeked out from her house on the date that the god was said to go through the village, and she saw the oxcart on one wheel, with a beautiful woman on it, go by.
Japanese: しかし、ある女が好奇心から、神が通るといわれた日に家の中から外を覗き見ると、片輪の車輪が美女を乗せて道を通っていた。
English: The child's disappearance was rumored by neighbors to be the reward for her disobeying the God's order, and her grief was so deep that she visited the shrine for an apology and expressed her sense of guilt and sorrow in a Japanese poem.
Japanese: 周囲の人々は神の命令に背いた罰と噂し、深く嘆いた女が神社でお詫びのお参りに行き、自分の罪と悲しみを歌に詠んだ。
English: Some say the folklore in Shinshu borrowed the idea from 'Katawa-guruma' in "Shokoku Satobitodan," while others say "Shokoku Satobitodan" borrowed the idea from this Shinshu folklore and used it as 'Katawa-guruma' in Omi Province.
Japanese: 『諸国里人談』の「片輪車」が信州の話に置き換えられたとも、逆にこの信州の話が近江の「片輪車」として『諸国里人談』に採録されたともいわれる。
English: "Shokoku Hyaku Monogatari" (A Hundred Stories of Local Provinces), which is a collection of ghost stories compiled in the Enpo era, has a folk tale similar to the above in its first volume under the title, 'The Story of Katawa-guruma on Higashinotoin-dori Street, Kyoto.'
Japanese: 延宝時代の怪談集『諸国百物語』巻一「京東洞院かたわ車の事」にも、これらと似た話がある。
English: On Higashinotoin-dori Street, Kyoto, Katawa-guruma appeared almost every night, so people around there refrained from going out.
Japanese: 京都の東洞院通で毎晩のように片輪車が現れ、人々はみな外出を控えていた。
English: When a woman out of curiosity peeked out through the slit in the door of her house, a wheel of an oxcart came rolling.
Japanese: ある女が興味本位で夜、家の扉の隙間から外を覗くと、牛車の車輪だけが転がって来た。
English: At the center of the wheel, there was a furious-looking man's face with a small human leg in its mouth, and the man shouted, 'Look at your own child rather than me !'
Japanese: 車輪の中央には凄まじい形相の男の顔が小さな人間の足をくわえており「我を見るより我が子を見ろ」と叫んだ。
English: In surprise, the woman rushed for her child and found him bloodied in the leg from a laceration.
Japanese: 驚いて女が我が子のもとへ行くと、子供は足を裂かれて血まみれになっていた。
English: Based on "Shokoku Hyaku Monogatari," 'Katawa-guruma emerging on the streets of Kyoto' --which is a picture card of ghost-illustrated "Karuta" (Japanese playing cards) made in the Edo period--was portrayed as a man's figure.
Japanese: 江戸時代のお化けかるた「京の町へ出るかたわ車」の絵札にある片輪車は『諸国百物語』に基づき、男性の姿で描かれている。
English: Contrastingly, Sekien TORIYAMA portrayed Katawa-guruma as a woman's figure in his collection of paintings called "Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki" (Continued Illustrations of Variety of Demons, Past and Present)' based on the description in "Shokoku Satobitodan," and he also referred to "Shokoku Satobitodan" in his explanation of ghosts.
Japanese: 対して鳥山石燕の画集『今昔画図続百鬼』では『諸国里人談』の記述に基いて女性の姿であり、解説文でも『諸国里人談』を引用している。
English: In "Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki," there also exists an illustration of 'Wanyudo' (a ghost of an oxcart wheel with a man's close-cropped head at its center), which is similar to Katawa-guruma, and Sekien is said to have used Katawa-guruma in "Shokoku Hyaku Monogatari" as a model for 'Wanyudo.'
Japanese: また同画集には片輪車に似た妖怪「輪入道」があるが、これは石燕が『諸国百物語』の片輪車をモデルにして描いたものといわれている。
English: Therefore, Katawa-guruma and Wanyudo--despite being regarded as different ghosts in many cases today--were originally the same thing, a theory says.
Japanese: そのことから現代では別々の妖怪とみなされることの多い片輪車と輪入道が、もとは同一のものだったとする説もある。
English: In documents and works about ghosts in recent years, Katawa-guruma has sometimes been renamed as 'Kata-sharin.'
Japanese: 近年の妖怪関連の文献や、妖怪の登場する創作作品では「片車輪（かたしゃりん）」と改称されていることがある。
English: Natsuhiko KYOGOKU and Katsumi TADA, both of whom are ghost researchers, say this is because Katawa-guruma can be regarded as a discriminatory word.
Japanese: これは妖怪研究家の京極夏彦や多田克己によれば、元の名が差別用語に受け取られる可能性があるためとされる。
English: The term "Ungaikyo" is a type of a Japanese ghost, that metamorphizes from a peculiar mirror after the passing of many long years.
Japanese: 雲外鏡（うんがいきょう）は、特殊な鏡が長い年月を経たのちに変じたという、日本の妖怪の一種。
English: Ungaikyo was illustrated in the ghosts' collection "Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro" (A Hundred Gods of Things Imagined in Idleness) made in 1784 by Sekien TORIYAMA, who was an ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock print) artist.
Japanese: 浮世絵師・鳥山石燕の妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』（天明4年〈1784年〉）に描かれている。
English: Sekien illustrates a mirror called 'Shomakyo,' in which the image of a ghost appears and then changes into the actual ghost itself after a number of years have passed by.
Japanese: 化け物の正体を明らかにする「照魔鏡（しょうまきょう）」と呼ばれる鏡が、長い年月を経た末に妖怪化したものとされている。
English: Ungaikyo in "Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro" (cf. the upper right image) was illustrated as a round mirror in a Court noble's residence.
Japanese: 『百器徒然袋』（右上の画像がそれ）では、公家の屋敷にある丸鏡として描かれている。
English: The right half of the mirror is hidden behind a blind screen, accompanied by a weird black cloud (or by a mirror stand with such a design).
Japanese: 鏡はすだれ御簾（みす）の陰から半面のみ姿を見せており、怪しげな黒雲（あるいは、そのような意匠の鏡立て）を伴っている。
English: And in the mirror is the face of an evil-looking ghost staring at us with its tongue out.
Japanese: その鏡面には邪（よこしま）な雰囲気を漂わせつつ舌を出してこちらに視線をくれる化け物の顔面が浮かび上がっている。
English: Some people, like Katsumi TADA, a ghost researcher and a writer, explain in their books that Ungaikyo is a mirror version of Tsukumo-gami.
Japanese: 妖怪研究家（作家）・多田克己らの著書においては、雲外鏡は、鏡の付喪神と解釈されている。
English: If you run water into a tray made from quartz - under the moonlight on the fifteenth night of the eighth lunar month - and portray a ghost on a mirror with the water, a ghost will haunt the mirror.
Japanese: 8月(旧暦)の十五夜に月明かりの下（もと）で石英のトレイに水を張り、その水で鏡面に化け物の姿を描くと、鏡の中に化け物が棲みつく。
English: Based on the modern mass media culture, picture books of ghosts or collections of paintings of ghosts distort the form of Ungaikyo into, for example, a ghost like raccoon dog disguised as a mirror (a raccoon dog whose body incorporates a mirror), or a ghost that can project various images on its own body.
Japanese: 現代的大衆文化に基づいて著される妖怪図鑑や画集では、雲外鏡は腹に鏡をつけた（腹が鏡になっている）化け狸のような姿の妖怪であるとか、自らの体に様々なものを映し出すことができる、などと解説されることが少なくない。
English: However, Kenji MURAKAMI, a ghost researcher and a writer, points out such Ungaikyo that have a distorted figure and is exaggerated in its capability, originated from the Ungaikyo that appeared as an old-looking raccoon dog in "Yokai Daisenso" (The Great War of Ghosts), a special effects movie made in 1968.
Japanese: しかし、妖怪研究家（作家）・村上健司の指摘によれば、そのようなデフォルメされた形と能力を持った雲外鏡の原典は特撮映画『妖怪大戦争(1968年の映画)』に登場する古狸（ふる-だぬき）様の雲外鏡にある。
English: A mirror that has many similarities to Ungaikyo, and other supernatural mirrors - though not similar to Ungaikyo - are explained below.
Japanese: 類似点が多いもの、および、類縁ではないが「不可思議な鏡」という点での相似性が見られるものをここに示す。
English: "Shoyokyo" (also called "Shoyokan") was a mirror that revealed the original shape of the subject that appeared in "Feng-Shen-Yen-I," a bizarre tale created in Ming dynasty of China.
Japanese: 照妖鏡（照妖鑑とも称する）は、中国明代の伝奇『封神演義』に登場する、本来の姿を映し出す鏡。
English: Owned by a hermit, Unchushi (雲中子), who lived in Mt. Shunan, Shoyokyo was Paopei (a weapon for senjutsu (the supernatural art of a hermit)), and it could reveal the original shape of the ghost disguised as a human.
Japanese: 終南山の仙人・雲中子の宝貝（パオペイ。仙術の武具）で、人に化けた魔物の正体を看破することができる。
English: "Johari no Kagami" is a crystal mirror which is said in Japanese Buddhism to be used by Enma (the King of Hell) for inquiring into if the dead were right-minded or not before its death.
Japanese: 浄玻璃鏡（じょうはりのかがみ）は、（日本の）地獄(仏教)の閻魔が亡者の善悪を見極めるのに用いる水晶製の鏡。
English: The magic mirror, which appears in the German folklore and fairy tale "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," is the one where the spirit of mirror dwells.
Japanese: ドイツ民話であり童話である『白雪姫』に登場する魔法の鏡は、鏡の精霊が宿ったもの。
English: But this magic mirror is quite different from Ungaikyo, because the former has a strong ego and is characteristic of the crystal ball used in the Western astrology.
Japanese: しかし、強い自我を持っており、西洋占星術で用いられる水晶球を鏡に変えたようなところもあって、雲外鏡とは大きく異なる。
English: Makyo,' a bronze mirror existing in both ancient China and Japan, has a feature that shows an image making use of light refraction.
Japanese: 古代中国や日本に実在する「魔鏡」は、光の屈折で像を映し出す仕掛けを持つ銅鏡（青銅鏡）である。
English: According to a Buddhist scripture, "Kyoten (Buddhist Scripture) Daizo-kyo Sutra" (the Tripitaka), it was the transformation of a spirit that rose from a new corpse.
Japanese: 経典『経典大蔵経』によれば、新しい死体から生じた気が化けたものとされる。
English: It was the transformation of a corpse that did not receive a proper kuyo (a memorial service for the dead) and said to have appeared before a monk that failed in reading Buddhist manuscripts.
Japanese: 充分な供養を受けていない死体が化けたもので、経文読みを怠っている僧侶のもとに現れるともいう。
English: Its was depicted in a diagram within classics such as the art book by Sekien TORIYAMA, "Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki" (Continued Illustrations of the Many Demons Past and Present), in a note quoted from a Chinese classic "Seisonroku," and its appearance was like that of a crane, having black body color, and its glittering eyes were like flame, and it sang in a high pitch note while shaking its wings.
Japanese: 古典の画図においては鳥山石燕の画集『今昔画図続百鬼』に描かれており、解説文には中国の古書『清尊録』からの引用で、姿は鶴のようで、体色が黒く、眼光は灯火のようで、羽を震わせて甲高く鳴くとある。
English: A person named "崔嗣復" (Shifuku SAI) of Zhengzhou city woke from a voice that shouted at him while he slept on top of a hodo (treasure hall) of a temple outside the capital city.
Japanese: 鄭州市の崔嗣復という人物が、都の外の寺の宝堂の上で寝ていたところ、自分を叱る声で目を覚ました。
English: When Sai asked a monk of the temple about what had happened, there was no monster there as such but they temporarily stored a body of the dead several days ago.
Japanese: 崔が寺の僧侶に事情を尋ねると、ここにはそのような妖怪はいないが、数日前に死人を仮置きしたという。
English: Upon returning to the capital, he asked a monk of a temple about the bird, who then told him that it should be an onmoraki that was born transmuting from the spirit of the newly dead.
Japanese: 都に戻って寺の僧に尋ねると、それは新しい死体の気が変化して生まれた陰摩羅鬼とのことだった。
English: A story of Onmoraki appears in "Taihei hyaku Monogatari" (100 Ghost Stories), written during the Edo period, which is similar to the one in the "Seisonroku."
Japanese: 日本では江戸時代の書物『太平百物語』に、『清尊録』に類似した陰摩羅鬼の話がある。
English: When a man named Takube drifted off to sleep at a temple in Yamashiro Province (present-day Kyoto Prefecture), he was awaken by a voice calling out his name.
Japanese: 山城国（現・京都府）で宅兵衛という男が寺でうたた寝をしていると、自分を呼ぶ声で目を覚ました。
English: Surprised Takube escaped, and while he saw the bird from his hiding place, it disappeared.
Japanese: 驚いた宅兵衛が逃げ出して陰から様子を伺っていると、そのまま怪鳥は姿を消した。
English: When Takube asked the elder of the temple, he was told that "Kyoten Daizo-kyo Sutra" stated that the spirit of the newly dead would transform into Onmoraki, and it might be caused by the corpse temporarily stored at the temple recently.
Japanese: 宅兵衛が寺の長老に尋ねたところ、新しい屍の気が陰摩羅鬼になると経典大蔵経にあり、最近寺に仮置きした死人によるものだろうということだった。
English: The name Onmoraki was reportedly created by adding words 'in' (negative) and 'oni' (ogre or ghost) to a monster 'mara' that hindered Buddhists from attaining enlightenment, to put stress on the meanings of ogre and monster, while another theory has it that it was a mixture of 'Onmo' meaning obstacles and 'Rasetsuten' (Rakshasa, an evil spirit).
Japanese: 陰摩羅鬼の名の由来は、仏教で悟りを妨げる魔物の摩羅（魔羅）に「陰」「鬼」の字をつけることで鬼・魔物の意味を強調したもの、もしくは障害を意味する「陰摩」と「羅刹天」の混合されたものとの説がある。
English: The term "Ittan-momen" refers to a folkloric ghost that is said to haunt Takayama-cho (the present Kimotsuki-cho), Kimotsuki-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 一反木綿（いったんもめん）は、鹿児島県肝属郡高山町（現・肝付町）に伝わる妖怪。
English: Ittan-momen is a ghost of white cloth, having the size of around ittan (about 10.6 meters in length and about 0.3 meter in width), and it flies in the night sky and will attack a person, they say.
Japanese: 約一反（長さ約10.6メートル、幅約30センチメートル）の白い布の姿の妖怪で、夜空を飛んで人を襲うという。
English: It is said to coil around a person's neck, or to cover the face - in some cases, causing death.
Japanese: 首に巻きついたり顔を覆ったりして、そのまま窒息死させてしまうこともあるという。
English: Spinning like a roll of cloth, it comes flying, rolls a person into itself, and flies away in the sky, they also say.
Japanese: また、巻かれた反物のような状態でくるくる回りながら素早く飛来し、人を体に巻き込んで空へ飛び去ってしまうともいう。
English: A man was hurrying home one night and a piece of white cloth came flying and coiled around his neck, so the man slashed it with his short sword, and then it disappeared leaving blood on the man's hand, according to an old folktale.
Japanese: ある男が夜に家路を急いでいたところ、白い布が飛んで来て首に巻きつき、脇差しで布を切りつけたところ、布は消え、男の手には血が残っていたという伝承もある。
English: In areas where this ghost was said to haunt, a child playing outside until dark was customarily warned, 'You will be haunted by Ittan-momen if you do not go home.'
Japanese: 出没の伝えられる地方では、子供が遅くなるまで遊んでいると「一反木綿が出るよ」と言って戒める風習もあったそうである。
English: Ittan-momen was not illustrated in classical picture scrolls of ghosts and other works, so it was relatively an unknown ghost in the past, but after Shigeru MIZUKI picked it up in his comic book of "Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro," it suddenly became well known.
Japanese: 古典の妖怪絵巻などには描かれていないために、かつては比較的無名な妖怪だったが、水木しげるの漫画『ゲゲゲの鬼太郎』に登場してから一躍、名が知られることとなった。
English: In the comic book, Ittan-momen talks with an accent peculiar to the Kyushu region and has a familiar character, so at present, it is well-known and is quite popular, in spite of its original nature depicted in folklore as attacking people.
Japanese: 現在では同作での九州弁のトークと気のいい性格から知名度も高く、人を襲うという本来の伝承とは裏腹に人気も高い。
English: In the first popularity vote on ghosts held by the tourist association of Sakaiminato City (Mizuki's hometown), Tottori Prefecture, Ittan-momen won first place; for details about its character in the comic book, please refer to the article of "Ittan-momen" (Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro).
Japanese: 水木の出身地・鳥取県境港市の観光協会による「第1回妖怪人気投票」では1位に選ばれた（『鬼太郎』でのキャラクターについては一反木綿(ゲゲゲの鬼太郎)を参照）。
English: In Mizuki's paintings of ghosts, Ittan-momen is portrayed as a creature having two eyes and two arms, as well as other characteristics in "Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro," but this is only Mizuki's imagination, so in real folklore and from descriptions by witnesses below, Ittan-momen is said to be just a cloth-like flying object, having neither eyes nor arms.
Japanese: なお水木の妖怪画では『鬼太郎』に登場するキャラクターのように、2つの目と2本の腕を持つ布の姿で描かれているが、これはあくまで創作であり、実際の伝承や後述の目撃談では目も腕もなく、単に布に似た飛行物体とされる。
English: In "Hyakki Yagyo Emaki," which is a classical picture scroll of a variety of ghosts, a cloth-like ghost having two arms and two legs was illustrated, and folklorist Kazuhiko KOMATSU put forward the hypothesis that this ghost was the origin of Ittan-momen.
Japanese: 古典の妖怪絵巻『百鬼夜行絵巻』に描かれた妖怪の一つに、手足の生えた布状のものがあるが、民俗学者・小松和彦はこれを一反木綿のルーツにあたるものとの仮説を立てている。
English: According to a survey conducted by Bintaro YAMAGUCHI, a ghost researcher, many people have seen cloth-like flying objects - supposedly Ittan-momen - even in recent years.
Japanese: 妖怪研究家・山口敏太郎の調査によれば、近年においても一反木綿を思わせる布状の飛行物体の目撃談は多い。
English: In Fukuoka Prefecture within the same Kyushu region, a passenger on the Shinkansen (the bullet train) saw Ittan-momen flying alongside the train at full speed.
Japanese: 同じ九州の福岡県では、新幹線と併走するように猛スピードで飛ぶ一反木綿が、新幹線の乗客により目撃されている。
English: In addition to the Kyushu region, Ittan-momen was also seen at Higashi-Koenji Station and in Ogikubo (Suginami Ward), both in the Tokyo Metropolis.
Japanese: 九州以外でも、東京都の東高円寺駅や荻窪(杉並区)でも目撃されている。
English: At Higashi-Koenji Station, a woman walking her dog saw a piece of cloth flying, so she went after it for a while, she said.
Japanese: 東高円寺では犬の散歩中の女性が空を飛ぶ布を目撃し、しばし追跡したという。
English: In Shizuoka Prefecture, an elementary schoolchild saw a transparent sheet-like object floating in the air, and the object's shape was mostly rectangle as a whole, but it was narrowed at one end like a tail, the child said.
Japanese: 静岡県である小学生が目撃したものは、透明なシーツ状でゆらゆらと動いており、全体の形状は長方形に近いが先端が尻尾状に細くなっていたという。
English: In 2004, a circle of UFO video shot in Hyogo Prefecture showed an unidentified cloth-like flying object over Mt. Rokko, and the object had the amazing size of thirty meters, they said.
Japanese: 2004年には兵庫県のUFOビデオ撮影友の会が、六甲山上空に正体不明の布状の飛行物体を撮影した事例があり、その大きさは30メートルもの巨大なものだったという。
English: The actor Shiro SANO saw Ittan-momen floating in the sky over a studio where the drama based on the novel of 'Kai' (Mystery) in the series of "Kosetsu Hyaku Monogatari" (A Hundred Street-corner Gossips) by Kyogoku NATSUHIKO was being shot, and it was a cloth-like long and white object, he said.
Japanese: 俳優・佐野史郎はドラマ『巷説百物語京極夏彦「怪」』の撮影中、撮影所の空に舞う一反木綿を目撃し、その姿は長く白い布状だったという。
English: This ghost had a shape like big furoshiki (a cloth wrapper), and came flying from somewhere to the streets at night, and abruptly covered the heads of pedestrians.
Japanese: 大きな風呂敷のような姿の妖怪で、夜道などでどこからともなく飛来し、いきなり通行人の頭にかぶさってくる。
English: People could not rip the ghost even with the sharpest sword, but they could do so with their teeth, if their teeth were - or had been once - made Ohaguro (black painted teeth).
Japanese: どんな鋭い刀でも切ることはできないが、一度でもお歯黒をつけた歯なら噛み切ることができる。
English: So in Sadoga-shima Island, even men - as well as women - customarily painted their teeth black, they say.
Japanese: そのため佐渡では、男性でもお歯黒をつける慣わしがあったといわれている。
English: Much remains mysterious about this ghost, because there scarcely exists any folklore, but the folklorist Kunio YANAGIDA says, '(Futon-kabuse) comes floating and abruptly covers a human's face until death,' in his book.
Japanese: 民俗学者・柳田國男の著書に「フワッと来てスッと被せて窒息させる」とあるのみで、伝承が少なく謎が多い。
English: And some people explain - about what Yanagida means - that something like a futon (the general term of Japanese bedcovers) comes floating and abruptly covers a human's face until death.
Japanese: ただ、布団状のものが飛んできて顔面にかぶさって窒息させるものとの解釈がある。
English: Kagami-ita is sometimes distinguished by its position by naming one in the front as 'shomen no kagami-ita' (kagami-ita in the front) and one on the right side face as 'waki no kagami-ita' (kagami-ita on the side).
Japanese: 正面のを「正面の鏡板」と、右側面のを「脇の鏡板」とを区別することがある。
English: In the Edo period, painting pictures on kagami-ita was the role of o-e-dokoro (persons in charge of painting pictures) the Kano family and they started to paint the pictures employing kagami-ita pictures of the front stage in the main enclosure of Edo-jo Castle as the model of the layout of the pictures.
Japanese: 江戸時代には御絵所狩野家の承るところとなり、江戸城本丸表舞台の鏡板絵を構図の範として描くようになった。
English: The pictures of the front stage of Yasukuni-jinja Shrine (formerly, Mt. Momiji) at Kudan in Tokyo were painted by a painter living in Kyoto; the pictures of the stage in a villa of the Hosokawa clan at Fujimi-cho, Kojimachi in Tokyo were painted by Shosen KONDO; the pictures of the stage of the Umewaka head family at Minami-motomachi, Asakusa in Tokyo wee painted by Shuka TSUCHIYA; and the pictures of the stage for Kamakura-nohgaku-kai society in Sasamegayatsu, Kamakura were painted by Hyakusui HIRAFUKU.
Japanese: 東京九段の靖国神社（旧紅葉山）舞台は京都の某画家、東京麹町富士見町の細川公別邸舞台は近藤樵仙、東京浅草南元町の梅若宗家舞台は土屋秀禾、鎌倉笹目谷の鎌倉能楽会舞台は平福百穂による。
English: From the historical view point, newly written songs in Edo period were called 'Shingi-Noh' or 'Shinsaku-mono' in those days, however, these are not called Shinsaku-Noh currently.
Japanese: 歴史的に見ると、江戸期に書かれた新作が同時代に「新儀能」「新作物」と呼ばれたが、これらは現在では新作能と呼ばれない。
English: Almost of the songs of Noh which are currently played were written in Muromachi period and have been strictly selected until today.
Japanese: 現在上演されている能の曲目の殆どは室町時代に書かれ、今日までに厳選されてきたものである。
English: These songs currently played have also been sophisticated continuously as to their stage-management, etc., in their long history and, using the words of the current Rokuro UMEWAKA, these songs as songs which have the degree of perfection which has been pursued to the limit being admired as 'diamonds each perfectly cut and polished' or 'beautiful jewels which have been repeatedly polished.'
Japanese: またこれら現行曲も長い歴史の中で演出等が洗練に次ぐ洗練を重ねられ、当世梅若六郎の言葉を借りると「完璧にカットされ、磨かれたダイアモンド」「長い時間をかけて繰り返し繰り返し磨き込まれてきた、美しい宝石」と評される、極限まで高められた完成度を持つものとなってきている。