nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to this record, it can be seen that Iwatate was in the same clan with the IWAMURA clan in Hekikai County in Mikawa Province, and also that Iwatate himself was a person from Sakyo.
Japanese: この記事により、石楯が三河国碧海郡の石村氏と同族関係にあり、かつ自らは左京の人であったことがわかる。
English: As a result, IWAMURASUGURI was incorporated under the SAKANOUE clan who were distant relatives and who were rising in their political status, thereby managing to change and improve his family name.
Japanese: 石村村主は、地位を向上させつつあった遠縁の坂上氏の下に組み込まれつつ、姓を良いものに改めたことになる。
English: On June 25, 766 the same day when Bunkyo KUDARA was appointed as the governor of Dewa Province, Iwatate was appointed as his assistant.
Japanese: 天平神護2年（766年）5月10日、百済文鏡が出羽国守に任命されたのと同日に、石楯はその介になった。
English: On May 25, 779, three people, Iwatate's wife, Kinoasontatsugu, his son, Kisunujinari SAKANOUE, and his daughter, Akiho made a hand-written copy of a text of Daihannya-haramitsuta in 600 volumes and dedicated that to the late Assistant Governor of Dewa Province, Jugoinoge, and Fourth Order of Merit bearer, Iwatate SAKANOUEKISUN.
Japanese: 宝亀10年（779年）5月1日に、妻の紀朝臣多継、息子の坂上忌寸氏成、娘の秋穂の三人が、故出羽介従五位下勲四等坂上忌寸石楯大夫の厚恩に報じるために、大般若波羅蜜多経1部600巻を写経しておさめた。
English: SAKANOUE no Karitamaro (727-February 14, 786) was a warrior in the Nara period.
Japanese: 坂上苅田麻呂（さかのうえのかりたまろ、神亀4年（727年）-延暦5年1月7日(旧暦)（786年2月14日））は奈良時代の武人。
English: The SAKANOUE clan is a linage that is related to HIGASHIKAN clan which was said to be a branch of the holy Chinese Emperor (KAN) in the Later Han Dynasty in China, and they guarded the Imperial Court for several emperors as a clan of martial arts who eagerly practiced archery and horse-back riding in all their generations.
Japanese: 坂上氏は中国の後漢の霊帝(漢)の流れを汲むという東漢氏に繋がる家系で代々弓馬の道をよくする武門の一族として、数朝にわたり宮廷を守護した。
English: In September 764, it was secretly informed that the Daishi (Daijo-daijin [Grand Minister]), FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (EMI no Oshikatsu) would raise a rebellion, and the Retired Empress Koken sent Shonagon (lesser councilor of state), Prince Yamamura to Chuguin (the Imperial Palace) of the Emperor Junjin who was in the Nakamaro's fact, and caused Yamamurao to collect gyokuji (the jewelry emperor's seal) and ekirin (literally, a station bell) which were necessary for exercising the right of the emperor.
Japanese: 天平宝字8年（764年）9月、太師（太政大臣）藤原仲麻呂（恵美押勝）が謀反を起こすという密告があり、孝謙上皇は仲麻呂派の淳仁天皇の中宮院（御所）に少納言山村王を遣わし、皇権の発動に必要な玉璽と駅鈴を回収させた。
English: Prince Yamamura sent an urgent report and SAKANOUE no Karitamaro rushed together with shoso (a general) Narito OJIKA, receiving an Imperial order shot to kill Norijumaro.
Japanese: 山村王は急報を送り、坂上苅田麻呂は将曹牡鹿嶋足とともに勅命を受け馳せかけて、訓儒麻呂を射殺した。
English: Due to this exploit, Karitamaro was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and was honored with the Second Order of Merit and a family name, Oimiki was given to him.
Japanese: この功により苅田麻呂は従四位下勳二等を授かり、大忌寸の姓(カバネ)を賜る。
English: When the Empress Shotoku (which name the Empress Koken doubly used for herself) died in 770, Karitamaro reported a scandalous plan of Dokyo (a Buddhism priest deeply concerned the politics) and performed an exploit of expelling Dokyo and, therefore, Karitamaro was promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of Mutsu Province.
Japanese: 宝亀元年（770年）称徳天皇（孝謙上皇が重祚）が崩御すると、道鏡の姦計を告げて、その排斥に功績があり、正四位下に進み、陸奥国鎮守将軍となった。
English: In 782, he was implicated in the rebellion lead by HIKAMI no Kawatsugu (Hikami no Kawatsugu's rebellion) and fired due to it; however, he was forgiven soon and returned to the position.
Japanese: 延暦元年（782年）氷上川継の謀反事件（氷上川継の乱）に連座して職を解かれるが、間もなく許され復職する。
English: In 785, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), sent a message to the Emperor and, thereby, was allowed to have the family name of SUKUNE (SAKANOUE no SUKUNE no Karitamaro).
Japanese: 延暦4年（785年）従三位に進み、上表して宿禰の姓(カバネ)を許される（坂上宿禰苅田麻呂。さかのうえ・の・すくね・の・かりたまろ）。
English: Tadakiyo MAKINO (November 26, 1760 - August 17, 1831) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and a politician who lived in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 牧野忠精（まきのただきよ、宝暦10年10月19日_(旧暦)（1760年11月26日）-天保2年7月10日_(旧暦)（1831年8月17日））は、江戸時代後期の大名、政治家。
English: His children were Tadatsune MAKINO (first son), Fusachika ISHIKAWA (second son), Tadamasa MAKINO (fourth son), Yasunori MAKINO (sixth son), and daughters (the legal wife of Suketoki OTA, the legal wife of Nobuyori OKOCHIMATSUDAIRA, the legal wife of Tadatomi NISHIO who later became the second wife of Tadamitsu MIZUNO, the lord of the Tsurumaki Domain, and the legal wife of Yukihiro AOYAMA).
Japanese: 子に牧野忠鎮（長男）、石川総親（次男）、牧野忠雅（四男）、牧野康命（六男）、娘（太田資言正室）、娘（大河内松平信順正室）、娘（西尾忠宝正室のち水野忠実(鶴牧藩主)継室）、娘（青山幸寛正室）。
English: Since he was related to Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, he successively worked in important positions such as sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies), jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines), Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle), Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy), and roju.
Japanese: 松平定信の縁戚に当たることから、奏者番、寺社奉行、大坂城代、京都所司代、老中など要職を歴任した。
English: In 1808, he opened a hanko Sotokukan (domain school, Sotokukan), and invited Keizan AKIYAMA and Togan ITO to educate the statesmen of the clan.
Japanese: 文化(元号)5年（1808年）藩校崇徳館を開校し、秋山景山、伊藤東岸を招いて藩士教育を行う。
English: Masachika ABE (1716-December 19, 1780) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and roju (senior councilor) in the Edo period.
Japanese: 阿部正允（あべまさちか、享保元年（1716年）-安永9年11月24日(旧暦)（1780年12月19日））は、江戸時代の大名、老中。
English: Masachika was the first son of hatamoto (direct retainer of Shogun), Masaharu ABE (third son of Masatake ABE, the eighth lord of Shinobu Domain) who was bestowed 5,000 koku (approximately 0.9 million liters of crop yield).
Japanese: 5,000石を領した旗本・阿部正晴（忍藩3代藩主・阿部正武の三男）の長男。
English: His children included Masamune ABE (second son), Masatami Shirasu (third son), Masazane ABE (fourth son), a daughter (lawful wife of Mitsutoku MATSUDAIRA), a daughter (lawful wife of Katayoshi MATSUDAIRA), a daughter (lawful wife of of Masashika OKUDAIRA), and a daughter (lawful wife of Tadayoshi SAKAI).
Japanese: 子は阿部正陳（次男）、白須政民（三男）、阿部正実（四男）、娘（松平光徳正室）、娘（松平容頌正室）、娘（奥平昌鹿正室）、娘（酒井忠交正室）。
English: Though Masachika first succeeded his father and became hatamoto, he was adopted by Masataka ABE because their head family, Shinobu clan had no successor and Masachika succeeded Masataka as the head of the family when Masataka retired in 1748.
Japanese: はじめ父の後をついで旗本となるが、宗家・忍藩に後継者がいないため阿部正喬の養子となり、寛延元年（1748年）に正喬の隠居により家督を継ぐ。
English: In the next year, 1749, Masachika was appointed as sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies), then Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle) in 1762, Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) in 1764, Nishinomaru roju (roju in the west building of the castle) in 1769 and Honmaru roju (roju in the main building of the castle) in 1779.
Japanese: 翌寛延2年（1749年）奏者番、宝暦12年（1762年）大坂城代、明和元年（1764年）京都所司代、明和6年（1769年）西丸老中、安永8年（1779年）本丸老中を歴任した。
English: Masachika was forced to have a hard time in managing his domain when an anti-tax-increase ikki (a riot) in ruled Chichibu area, tenma sodo (Post Horse Rebellion) and so on arose.
Japanese: 治世下の秩父での年貢増徴反対一揆や伝馬騒動等が発生し苦難の藩政運営を強いられた。
English: 1716: Masachika was born (some people say that he was born in April 26, 1722).
Japanese: 1716年（享保元年）　生誕（享保7年（1722年）3月11日(旧暦)生まれとする説もある）
English: 1730: He succeeded his father, Masaharu ABE and became hatamoto receiving 5,000 koku.
Japanese: 1730年（享保15年）　父・阿部正晴の跡を継ぎ5,000石旗本となる。
English: January 22, 1763-July 19, 1764: He was appointed as Osaka jodai.
Japanese: 1762年（宝暦12年）12月9日(旧暦)　大坂城代（1764年6月21日(旧暦)）
English: Tadamasa MAKINO (December 2, 1799 - November 30, 1858) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and a roju (member of shogun's council of elders) who lived in the Edo period.
Japanese: 牧野忠雅（まきのただまさ、寛政11年11月6日(旧暦)（1799年12月2日）-安政5年10月25日(旧暦)（1858年11月30日））は、江戸時代の大名、老中。
English: His rank in the cabinet was next to that of Masahiro ABE, and he constantly kept in pace with Abe, but when Masayoshi HOTTA seized real power both in name and in reality after Abe's death, he resigned from the position of roju.
Japanese: 閣内の席次は阿部正弘に次ぎ、終始阿部に歩調をあわせていたが、阿部死去後、堀田正睦が名実ともに実権を握ると老中を辞任した。
English: Muneakira MATSUDAIRA (also known as Muneakira HONJO) (August 10, 1782 - September 20, 1840) was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and a roju (member of shogun's council of elders) who lived during the Edo period.
Japanese: 松平宗発（本庄宗発、あるいは本荘宗発とも）（まつだいらむねあきら、天明2年7月2日(旧暦)（1782年8月10日）-天保11年8月25日(旧暦)（1840年9月20日））は、江戸時代の大名、老中。
English: His children were daughters (the lawful wife of Tadakata NISHIO, the second wife of Tadanaga MATSUDAIRA who was the lord of the Amagasaki Domain, the lawful wife of Yukinori AOYAMA, the second wife of Nobumichi MATSUDAIRA who was the lord of the Kaminoyama Domain, the lawful wife of Nobumasa ANDO, the lawful wife of Nobuyori ABE, the lawful wife of Sumikata KUNO, and the lawful wife of Motora NAKANISHI).
Japanese: 子に娘（西尾忠固正室）、娘（松平忠栄(尼崎藩主)継室）、娘（青山幸礼正室）、娘（松平信宝(上山藩主)継室）、娘（安藤信正正室）、娘（安部信任正室）、娘（久野純固室）、娘（中西元良室）。
English: December 21, 1826: He was removed from the position of jisha-bugyo, and assumed the position of Osaka jodai.
Japanese: 1826年（文政9年）　寺社奉行免、大坂城代就任（11月23日(旧暦)）
English: December 28, 1828: He was removed from the position of Osaka jodai, and assumed the position of Kyoto shoshidai.
Japanese: 1828年（文政11年）大坂城代免、京都所司代就任（11月22日(旧暦)）
English: Masasuke ABE (January 13, 1725 – August 13, 1769) was a daimyo (a feudal lord) and a roju (a member of the shogun's council of elders) during the Edo period.
Japanese: 阿部正右（あべまさすけ、享保9年11月29日(旧暦)（1725年1月13日）-明和6年7月12日(旧暦)（1769年8月13日））は、江戸時代の大名、老中。
English: He was born in 1724 as the second son of Masatomi ABE, the lord of the Bingofukuyama Domain, in Edohantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo).
Japanese: 享保9年（1724年）、備後福山藩主・阿部正福の次男として江戸藩邸で生れる。
English: In 1738, at the age of 14, he had an audience with Yoshimune TOKUGAWA (the eighth Shogun), was assigned as Iyo no Kami (Governor of Iyo Province) and promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 元文3年（1738年）に14歳で徳川吉宗に拝謁し、伊予守に任じられ従五位下に叙される。
English: In 1748 at the age of 25, he succeeded the position of head of the family estate from Masatomi and performed his duty as the lord for 28 years until he died in 1769.
Japanese: 寛延元年（1748年）25歳で正福から家督を譲られ、明和6年（1769年）に死去するまで28年間藩主を務めた。
English: However, for the majority of his term of office, he was engaged in the shogunate government, not directly in administration of the domain.
Japanese: ただし、藩主在任期間の大部分は幕政へ参画しており、藩政に直接関与することは殆どなかった。
English: Masasuke, assuming the position of lord of the Fukuyama Domain, entered Fukuyama in 1730 and inspected his domain, but after that he stayed in Edo or Kyoto.
Japanese: 福山藩主に就任した正右は寛延3年（1730年）に福山に入国し領内を視察するが、その後は江戸または京都に住まった。
English: In 1752 he was appointed as Sojaban (an official in charge of ceremonies), in 1756 he was assigned as Jisha Bugyo (the magistrate in charge of temples and shrines) as his additional post, and in 1760 he transferred to the post of Kyoto Shoshidai (the head of the governmental office in Kyoto) and was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 宝暦2年（1752年）に奏者番に任じられ、同6年（1756年）に寺社奉行を兼任し、同10年（1760年）には京都所司代に転任し従四位下に叙された。
English: While holding the office of Kyoto Shoshidai, he was sometimes punished due to breaking with precedent, but was actively involved in arranging the rites and festivals for enthronement of the Empress Gosakuramachi, and so on.
Japanese: 京都所司代在任中には先例を破り処分を受けることもあったが、後桜町天皇即位の祭礼を取りまとめるなど活躍する。
English: In 1764, he assumed the position of Nishinomaru Roju, and in the next year (1765), he was appointed as Honmaru Roju.
Japanese: 明和元年（1764年）に西丸老中に就任し、翌年（1765年）本丸老中に任じられる。
English: Furthermore, it was the first time in about 100 years, since Shigetsugu ABE, that the head of the Abe family took the position of Roju.
Japanese: 尚、阿部家宗家が老中を務めるのは阿部重次以来約100年ぶりであった。
English: On one hand, however, Masasuke's successful career cost a great deal and forced the Fukuyama Domain to spend in excess.
Japanese: しかし、一方で正右の出世には多額の経費が費やされ、福山藩は無理な支出を強いられることになった。
English: Therefore, the domain overissued han bills (bills usable only in a particular feudal clan) (ginsatsu [bills used for silver]) to compensate for the difficult financial situation, but inevitably confused the market, causing the domain to lose its credibility.
Japanese: このため藩は藩札（銀札）を濫発し厳しい財政を補填しようとしたが、勢い市場を混乱に陥れ藩の信用は失墜することになった。
English: The domain, puzzled by this situation, not only ordered compulsory use of the han bills, but also imposed 'goyogin' (forced loans) on the people of the domain.
Japanese: 事態に窮した藩は藩札の強制使用を命じ、更には「御用銀」を領民に賦課した。
English: However, in 1753 an uprising broke out led by people who opposed this and it was decided to withdraw the policy.
Japanese: だが、宝暦3年（1753年）これに反発した領民による一揆が勃発して政策は撤回されることになった。
English: Thereafter, the domain strove for control of circulation of finances and the economy, trying to put the finances on a firm foundation, but the situation never changed for the better before Masasuke died.
Japanese: その後、藩は流通統制や財政の緊縮に努め財政の健全化を計ろうとするが正右は死去までに状況が好転することはなかった。
English: 1761: He was transferred to the position of Kyoto Shoshidai from Sojaban-cum-Jisha Bugyo (January 8th).
Japanese: 1760年（宝暦10年）奏者番兼寺社奉行から京都所司代に転任（12月3日(旧暦)）
English: 1766: He was transferred to the position of Honmaru Roju from Nishinomaru (February 1st).
Japanese: 1765年（明和2年）西丸から本丸老中に転属（12月22日(旧暦)）
English: 1769: He died while still holding office as a Roju and a lord (August 13th), at the age of 46.
Japanese: 1769年（明和6年）老中・藩主在職のまま死去（7月12日(旧暦)）、享年46
English: Cemetery - Saifuku-ji Temple, later reburied at Yanaka Cemetery (Yanaka of Taito Ward [Taito Ward]).
Japanese: 墓地：西福寺（台東区浅草）、のち谷中墓地（台東区谷中(台東区)）に改葬
English: Nagashige OGASAWARA (June 5, 1650 to September 19, 1732) was a fudai-daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and a roju (a person in charge of general affairs directly under the shogun) during the Edo period.
Japanese: 小笠原長重（おがさわらながしげ、慶安3年5月7日(旧暦)（1650年6月5日）-享保17年8月1日(旧暦)（1732年9月19日））は、江戸時代の譜代大名、老中。
English: Nagashige was born on June 5, 1650 as the second son of Nagatsugu OGASAWARA who was the second lord of the Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 慶安3年(1650年)5月7日、三河吉田第2代藩主・小笠原長矩の次男として生まれた。
English: After that, Nagashige worked for the bakufu (the samurai government) as a second son of a fudai-daimyo and was appointed as chuoku-kosho (a servant in the semi-deep portion of the castle) on August 26, 1670 and, on February 7th, was supplied with 500 pyo (originally, hyo, a unit of rice amount equivalent to 60 kg/hyo) of kirimai (seasonally supplied special salary rice).
Japanese: 以降譜代大名の次男坊として幕府に出仕し、寛文10年(1670年)7月11日中奥小姓に就任し、12月28日には切米500俵を支給された。
English: On May 22, 1672, Nagashige transferred to the position of osoba-kosho (a servant working beside the shogun) and was given the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed as the governor of Sado Province.
Japanese: 寛文12年(1672年)4月25日御側小姓に移り、12月28日従五位下佐渡守に叙任した。
English: On May 21, 1678, due to the death of his father, Nagatsugu, Nagashige's elder brother, Nagasuke OGASAWARA succeeded their father as the head of the family and became the lord of the Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 延宝6年(1678年)3月31日には、父長矩の死去で長重の兄の小笠原長祐が家督を相続し三河吉田藩主となっている。
English: Nagashige on the other hand was dismissed due to the passing away of the Shogun Ietsuna and joined yoriai-hatamoto for a time, however, on August 19, 1681 in the next year, he returned to the bakufu as bangashira of goshoin-ban (the chief of the governmental library).
Japanese: 長重の方は、延宝8年(1680年)将軍家綱の薨去のために職を免ぜられ、一時寄合旗本に列したが、翌天和(日本)元年(1681年)7月6日には御書院番の番頭として復帰した。
English: On June 26, 1682, Nagashige obtained an increase of his kirimai by 1,000 pyo, which made the total of his kirimai 1,500 pyo.
Japanese: 天和2年(1682年)5月21日切米1000俵を加増されて都合1500俵となる。
English: On August 8, 1685, Nagachiyo, a child of Nagasuke died young and, therefore, Nagashige, who was Nagaksuke's younger brother, was suddenly adopted by his elder brother and, Nagashige on the 11th returned the 1,500 pyo of kirimai which had been supplied to him.
Japanese: 貞享2年(1685年)7月9日兄長祐の子であった長千代が早世したことにより、急きょ弟の長重が兄の養子となり、12日これまで支給されていた1500俵を幕府に返還した。
English: On July 22, 1690, Nagashige succeeded the territory of the late elder brother, Nagasuke and, on November 10th, was appointed as the fourth lord of the Yoshida Domain, which annually produced 45,000 koku (a unit of amount of rice: one koku of rice could feed one person for one year) in the Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 元禄3年(1690年)6月17日兄長祐の遺領を相続、同年10月10日に三河吉田藩4万5000石の第4代藩主となった。
English: As for his positions in the bakufu, Nagashige was appointed on January 1, 1691, as a soshaban (a person in charge of delivering shogun's gifts to visitors who could directly see the shogun during annual big events) and jisha-bugyo (temple-shrine police chief) and, on September 18, 1691, as the Kyoto-shoshidai.
Japanese: 幕府内の役職では。元禄3年(1690年)12月3日に奏者番兼寺社奉行となり、元禄4閏年(1691年)8月26日に京都所司代に就任する。
English: On November 9th, when Nagashige was traveling to Kyoto on business, the Shogun, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA gave him a sword of Bizen Kanenaga, a haori (a Japanese half-coat) and 20 gold.
Japanese: 10月10日、任務で京都へ赴く際に将軍徳川綱吉から備前兼長の刀と時服五領、羽織一領、黄金二十枚を賜った。
English: On February 26th in 1697, Arisugawa no Miya Sachiko Queen entered the Imperial Palace and, as a gift to celebrate this entrance, the Emperor Higashiyama presented permission for Nagashige to be promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) this being irregular for a Kyoto-shoshidai, however, Nagashige humbly turned it down.
Japanese: 元禄10年(1697年)閏2月6日には有栖川宮幸子女王が入内があり、東山天皇からその慶賀として京都所司代としては異例の従四位上へ昇進させてもよいという叡慮が長重にあったが拝辞している。
English: On June 7th, Nagashige was appointed as roju by the bakufu while being in Kyoto as Kyoto-shoshidai.
Japanese: 4月19日、京都所司代として在京のままで幕府から老中の任命を受けた。
English: On January 30, 1703, Nagashige attended as the guest of honor the tea party held by the KIRA family on the eve of the raid on KIRA's mansion.
Japanese: 元禄15年(1702年)12月14日討ち入りの前日に開かれていた吉良家茶会には主賓として出席している。
English: On October 14, 1705, Nagashige followed Ienobu TOKUGAWA who entered the nishi-no-maru (west building) of Edo-jo castle and was transferred to the position of nishi-no-maru roju and his salary was increased by 10,000 koku which made the total amount of his salary in rice 60,000 koku
Japanese: 宝永2年(1705年)8月27日、江戸城西の丸に入った徳川家宣に従って西の丸老中に転じ、1万石加増で都合6万石を知行する。
English: On June 14, 1710, Nagashige retired and let his own son, Nagateru OGASAWARA succeed him as the head of the family.
Japanese: 翌年宝永7年(1710年)5月18日には隠居して嫡男の小笠原長煕に家督を譲る。
English: When the Kyoho period started, the eighth shogun, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA made a system of zenkan-reigu (to welcome retired persons to the field they had experience in) for fudai-daimyo, especially, the persons who had experience as roju in order to enhance the basis of the shogun's political support, and treated especially kindly three people, which included Nagashige together with Tadataka SAKAI and Masayuki INABA who had already retired, as the remaining persons who had experienced the previous generation and who had rich academic knowledge.
Japanese: 享保期になると8代将軍徳川吉宗は支持基盤強化のために譜代大名、特に老中経験者たちの前官礼遇という形をとり、すでに隠居していた酒井忠挙、稲葉正往と共に長重の3人を、前代の遺老、学識豊かな経験者としてとくに優遇した。
English: Nagashige was also ordered to come occasionally to the castle and make an appearance in the goyo-beya (the office of roju).
Japanese: 長重にも時々登城して御用部屋（老中の執務室）に顔を出すように指示があった。
English: On September 2, 1722, the shogun Yoshimune presented Nagashige a lark that he caught during falconry.
Japanese: 享保7年(1722年)7月22将軍吉宗から鷹狩で捕獲した鷚（ひばり）を下賜された。
English: Though Nagashige was a daimyo, he was also good at swordplay and from when he was young he trained at the Shinkage-ryu school and Itto-ryu school in Ono faction, and it is said that his swordplay manner was feared being called 'tough style' since he was young.
Japanese: 大名ながら、若い頃から剣術は新陰流、小野派一刀流の達人で、その剣風は若い頃から「手強風」と呼ばれて恐れられたという。
English: During the Ienobu administration, Nagashige made efforts to revive ceremonies such as: The practice-starting ceremony in the new year season of the Shinkage-ryu school and Itto-ryu school which had been abolished in the days of Tsunayoshi; exhibition matches in front of the shogun; etc.
Japanese: また、家宣政権では、綱吉時代に廃止された新陰流と一刀流の年始の稽古はじめの儀式や、御前での演武などの儀式の復活に尽力した。
English: 1705: Resigned as shoshidai and transferred to nishinomaru of Edo-jo castle (on August 27th in the old calendar) and 10,000 koku was added to his salary.
Japanese: 1705年（宝永2年）　所司代免、江戸城西丸付（8月27日(旧暦)）、1万石加増
English: 1709: Transferred from nishinomaru to honmaru as roju (on January 10th in the old calendar).
Japanese: 1709年（宝永6年）　西丸から本丸老中に転ずる（1月10日(旧暦)）
English: Tojuro SAKATA I is known as one of symbolic actors in Genroku culture who established the role of wagoto (the production style of a love scene) of tachiyaku (a leading male-role actor).
Japanese: 初代は元禄文化の担い手の一人であり、歌舞伎における立役の和事を確立した俳優として知られる。
English: He was a distinguished actor equal to Danjuro ICHIKAWA of the Edo Kabuki, but his family name disappeared for a long time due to a lack of successors.
Japanese: 江戸歌舞伎の市川團十郎(初代)と並び称される名優であったが、名跡としては長い間途絶えていた。
English: Masamichi himself, too, held posts in the shogunate office as sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) and jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines), and Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy).
Japanese: 正往自身も、家督相続以前から奏者番兼寺社奉行、京都所司代と、幕職についていた。
English: In 1680, when Ietsuna TOKUGAWA fell in critical illness, Tadakiyo supported Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Yukihito to be the 15th shogun, and Masanori also kept in pace with it, but because it ended in failure, Masanori was forced to retire, and Masamichi officially succeeded the head of the family at the age of 44.
Japanese: 延宝8年（1680年）、徳川家綱が危篤に陥った時、忠清は有栖川宮幸仁親王を5代将軍に擁し、正則もこれに歩調を合わせたが失敗したため、綱吉が5代将軍につくと間もなく隠居を余儀なくされ、正往が44歳にして正式に家督を相続した。
English: Due to the aftermath of this incident, he was ordered to change territory to Takada Echigo from Odawara which was close to Edo, and was dismissed from the position of shoshidai (representative of shoshi).
Japanese: この事件の余波で、まもなく江戸に近い小田原から越後高田に転封を命じられ、所司代も免職された。
English: Fifteen years later, after taking the position as rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) of the Edo-jo Castle, he came back to the shogunate government as a roju, and he also had his territory moved to Shimosa Sakura.
Japanese: 15年後、江戸城留守居役をへて、老中として幕政に返り咲き、また、領地も下総佐倉に移された。
English: On the day of the raid on Kira-tei Residence by the Ako Roshi (lordless samurai of Ako Domain), Masamichi, who happened to be the tsukiban roju (monthly shift or duty of shogun's council of elders), quickly began dealing with the aftermath before Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA came to the castle, and shown his shrewdness by making arrangements to not have the lordless samurai be executed immediately.
Japanese: 赤穂浪士による吉良邸討ち入りの当日、たまたま月番老中であった正往は、柳沢吉保が登城する前に事後処理を速やかに開始し、浪士たちが即刻処分がされることのないように配慮するなど、したたかなところも見せている。
English: During the Yoshimune government, along with Tadataka SAKAI and Nagashige OGASAWARA, he was regarded as an iro (old retainer) and a character of great intelligence of the previous shogun, and received treatment like roju, and was often invited to the Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 吉宗政権時には、酒井忠挙、小笠原長重と共に先代の遺老、学識豊かな人物として老中なみの待遇を受け、江戸城にもしばしば召し出されている。
English: May 26, 1681: He became a sojaban and jisha-bugyo; December 24: He took the position as Kyoto shoshidai.
Japanese: 1681年（天和(日本)元年）奏者番兼寺社奉行（4月9日(旧暦)）、京都所司代（11月15日(旧暦)）
English: January 5, 1686: He was excepted from the position of Kyoto shoshidai, and was ordered transference to the Takada Domain.
Japanese: 1685年（貞享2年）京都所司代を免職・高田に国替（12月11日(旧暦)）
English: February 18, 1701: He became a roju, and was ordered transference to Sakura in July.
Japanese: 1701年（元禄14年）老中（1月11日(旧暦)）、佐倉に国替（6月）
English: Nobutomo BAN (March 17, 1773-December 2, 1846) was a scholar of Japanese classical culture in the Edo period.
Japanese: 伴信友（ばんのぶとも、1773年3月17日(安永2年2月25日(旧暦))-1846年12月2日(弘化3年10月14日(旧暦))）は、江戸時代の国学者である。
English: He is called 'one of the four greatest scholars of Japanese classical culture in the Tenpo era' with Atsutane HIRATA, Moribe TACHIBANA and Tomokiyo OYAMADA.
Japanese: 平田篤胤、橘守部、小山田与清とともに、「天保の国学の四大人」と呼ばれる。
English: He was born as the fourth son of Ichi YAMAGISHI, a feudal retainer of Obama Domain in Wakasa Province, but in 1786, he was adopted into the family of Nobuatsu BAN of the same domain.
Japanese: 若狭国小浜藩士・山岸惟智の四男として生まれたが、1786年(天明2年)、同藩の伴信当の養子となる。