nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The early Meiji government internally lacked appropriate means of establishing a uniform direction over state governance, and there were laws and ordinances repeatedly issued with overlapping subjects, using various names for the laws, such as 'act,' 'bylaw,' 'order' and 'code.'
Japanese: また、明治初期の国家意思形成の不統一性の問題もあり、規制対象を同じくする法令が何度も公布されたり、法令の名称についても、「法」、「条例」、「規則」、「律」など様々であった。
English: There were also laws issued not under the name of Dajokan itself but under the name of its sub-organizations, without their legal order of precedence defined.
Japanese: また、太政官名義ではなくその下部組織の名義で公布された法令もあったが、効力関係に上下はなかったとされている。
English: The Dajokan system was abolished upon the establishment of Meiji cabinet on December 22, 1885.
Japanese: 1885年（明治18年）12月22日、内閣(日本)制が発足したことに伴い、太政官制は廃止された。
English: The Kobun-shiki (official style) Chokurei (Imperial Ordinance) No. 1 of February 26, 1886 was promulgated to formalize the validity and style of laws, and abolish the usage of Dajokan Fukoku and Tasshi styles of law.
Japanese: 翌1886年（明治19年）2月26日には、法令の効力や形式を定式化するため、公文式(勅令)（明治19年勅令第1号）が制定され、太政官布告・太政官達という法形式は廃止された。
English: Any Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi issued prior to the establishment of Kobun-shiki system remains valid unless it contradicts a law promulgated afterwards.
Japanese: 公文式施行以前に公布された太政官布告・太政官達は、以後に成立した法令に反しない限り、その効力を保有する。
English: The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (the Meiji Constitution) promulgated in 1889 expressly provided that any existing Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi was valid unless it was against the Constitution (Article 76, Paragraph 1).
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）に公布された大日本帝国憲法（明治憲法）には、内容が違憲でない限り有効なものとして扱う旨の明文の規定があった（76条1項）。
English: Thus, Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi stipulating matters which should be stipulated by law (which should be legislated by the Emperor with the approval of the Imperial Diet) under the Meiji Constitution was interpreted to be valid as a law, while Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi stipulating matters which should be stipulated by an order was interpreted to be valid as an order.
Japanese: したがって、太政官布告・達が対象が明治憲法下で法律事項とされる場合（天皇に立法権があるが、帝国議会の協賛を必要とする）には法律としての効力を有し、命令事項である場合は命令(法律)としての効力を有するものとされた。
English: Existing legal enactments, such as laws, regulations, Ordinances, or by whatever names they may be called, shall, so far as they do not conflict with the present Constitution, continue in force.
Japanese: 法律規則命令又ハ何等ノ名稱ヲ用ヰタルニ拘ラス此ノ憲法ニ矛盾セサル現行ノ法令ハ總テ遵由ノ効力ヲ有ス
English: There is no express provision in the Constitution of Japan promulgated in 1946, related to the validity of laws previously established.
Japanese: 1946年（昭和21年）に公布された日本国憲法には、同憲法施行前の法令の効力に関する明文の規定はない。
English: Nevertheless, if a law under the Meiji Constitution can be classified as a law under the current Constitution as well, it is interpreted that such law is still valid.
Japanese: しかし、解釈上、明治憲法下で法律事項とされていたものは日本国憲法下でも法律としての効力を有するものとされている。
English: An order under the Meiji Constitution, however, is deemed valid if only it stipulates matters which should be stipulated by an order under the current Constitution as well, whereas if such an order stipulates matters which should be stipulated by law under the current Constitution, it ceased to be effective in principle on December 31, 1947 (Act on Effect, etc. of Provisions of Orders Effective as of Time of Enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, Article 1).
Japanese: これに対し、明治憲法下で命令事項とされていたものは、それが日本国憲法下でも命令事項である場合は引き続き命令としての効力を有するが、法律事項である場合は原則として1947年12月31日限りでその効力が打ち切られた（日本国憲法施行の際現に効力を有する命令の規定の効力等に関する法律1条）。
English: Because of the confusion within the early Meiji government as stated above which had led to many laws being issued for overlapping subjects, it was sometiimes doubtful whether Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi was deemed to cease to be effective due to establishment of a new contradicting law, in cases where such Fukoku or Tasshi had not been expressly abolished.
Japanese: ただ、前述した明治初期における国家意思形成の不統一性の問題や、規制対象を同じくする法令が何度も公布されたこともあり、布告・達が後の法令で明示的に廃止されなかった場合は、後に内容が矛盾する法令が制定されたとの解釈により効力を失ったのか否か疑義が生じたものもある。
English: As of May 2009, there are 11 Dajokan Fukoku and Tasshi listed as currently effective on the Japan Laws and Regulations Data Service System (法令データ提供システム), or 10 according to the Japan Laws and Regulations Index (日本法令索引).
Japanese: 2009年（平成21年）5月現在、現行法令としての効力を有すると解される太政官布告・太政官達は、法令データ提供システムには11件、日本法令索引には10件が掲載されている。
English: The Fukoku and Tasshi listed by the two databases above are not the same, due to different interpretations as to which are still in effect and which are not.
Japanese: ただ、効力が存続しているか否か解釈が分かれるものもあるため、掲載されている布告・達には若干違いがある。
English: Although the change was intended to introduce Gregorian calendar, it was found later that provision was missing to specify "solar calendar years that are exactly divisible by 100, but not exactly divisible by 400 are not leap years."
Japanese: グレゴリオ暦の導入を目的としたが、グレゴリオ暦の重要な要素である「西暦の年が、100で割り切れて、かつ400で割り切れない年は閏年としない。」というルールが脱落していたことが後に判明した。
English: This was rectified through the Imperial Ordinance on Leap Years (Chokurei No. 90 of 1898).
Japanese: このため、閏年ニ関スル件（明治31年勅令第90号）により不備が補われた。
English: There is a Supreme Court precedent which held that this Fukoku is in effect as a valid law (Supreme Court Grand Bench Keishu Vol. 15, No. 7, p. 1106, 1961).
Japanese: 法律としての効力を有するとした最高裁判例がある（最大昭和36年7月19日刑集15巻7号1106頁）。
English: Establishment of Decoration (Dajokan Fukoku No. 54 of 1845), renamed from 'Announcement on Establishment of Military Medal of Honor' on April 30, 2003
Japanese: 勲章制定ノ件（明治8年太政官布告第54号）※2003年（平成15年）4月30日までの旧件名「勲章従軍記章制定ノ件」
English: The proclamation is interpreted as a valid order by administration and therefore is revised by Cabinet Orders (e.g. Revision by Cabinet Order No. 277 on August 12, 2002).
Japanese: 行政解釈では政令としての効力を有するとされているため、改正は政令により行われる(2002年（平成14年）8月12日公布の政令第277号による改正)。
English: There are strong opposing views presented by some scholars specialized in constitutional laws, however, in which they assert that awarding of honors should rather be enacted by a law and therefore the current situation is against the Constitution.
Japanese: もっとも、憲法学者の間では、栄典の授与は日本国憲法の下では法律事項であるとして、違憲ではないかとする見解も有力である。
English: Prohibition of Bids on Disposed Governmental Property by Government Official in Charge (Dajokan Tasshi No. 152 of 1845)
Japanese: 不用物品等払下ノトキ其管庁所属ノ官吏入札禁止ノ件（明治8年太政官達第152号）
English: Public employees belonging to a government office (i.e. personnel of the office) which plans to scrap its property are prohibited to take part in bidding for those national properties to be disposed.
Japanese: 国有財産の払い下げにおいて、その監督官庁に所属する公務員（簡単に言えば監督庁職員）の入札を禁じた達。
English: The Japan Laws and Regulations Index provided by the National Diet Library lists this Tasshi as an abolished law.
Japanese: 国立国会図書館が運営する日本法令索引では、廃止法令に挙げられている。
English: The Japan Laws and Regulations Data Service System lists only Articles 3, 4 and 5.
Japanese: 法令データ提供システムでは、3条、4条、5条に限って挙げられている。
English: While it is widely accepted that provisions with regard to criminal proceedings have lost effect, there are disputes over whether the Fukoku remains valid related to civil disputes, and if so, which are the provisions remaining in effect.
Japanese: 刑事に関する事項が失効していることは争いはないが、民事に関する事項について現在でも効力が残っているか、残っているとしてその範囲等については争いがある。
English: This old penal code was abolished and replaced by the current Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907).
Japanese: 日本の現行刑法（明治40年法律45号）の制定に伴い廃止された旧刑法のことである。
English: Some supplementary provisions, for example those related to deprivation and suspension of civil rights, and those related to penal offense by counterfeiting in public elections, are partially held valid by Articles 25 and 37 of the Act for Enforcement of the Penal Code (Act No. 29 of 1908).
Japanese: 刑法施行法（明治41年法律第29号）25条、37条により、附加刑としての剥奪公権・停止公権の内容に関する規定の一部、公選の投票を偽造する罪に関する規定が効力を有するものとされている。
English: The provisions concerning the validity of deprivation of civil rights, however, are kept for the purpose of maintaining the effect of punishments imposed under the old Penal Code beyond its abolition, and are not meant to be applied to newer sentences (various acts provide that a person deprived of civil rights may be treated disqualified, but such a status is not treated as a conviction).
Japanese: ただし、剥奪公権等の存続は、旧刑法下で科された刑の旧刑法廃止後における効力の整備を目的としたものであり、旧刑法廃止後も科すことを認めた規定ではない（各種の法律で欠格事由等として同旨のことが個別的に定められていることはあるが、刑罰としての扱いではない）。
English: Provisions related to public elections are applicable to elections which are not subject to the Public Offices Election Act (such as elections of directors of public organizations).
Japanese: 公選の投票については、公職選挙法の適用を受けない選挙（公法人の役員選挙など）に適用される。
English: This ordinance was revised several times by Imperial Ordinances under the Meiji Constitution (Award giving was an Imperial prerogative under the Meiji Constitution), and was revised by Cabinet Orders (e.g. Cabinet Order No. 7 of 1955, Cabinet Order No. 278 of 2002) under the current Constitution of Japan as well because the ordinance was administratively interpreted to be valid as a cabinet order.
Japanese: 旧憲法下では勅令により数次の改正が行われており（旧憲法下では栄典の授与は天皇大権事項）、日本国憲法下の行政解釈でも政令としての効力を有するとの解釈のもと、政令で改正されたことがある（昭和30年政令第7号、平成14年政令第278号など）。
English: Prevailing views, however, hold that any part of the Constitution may not be enforced through a Cabinet Order without the existence of an underlying law, and accordingly it is pointed out that this Ordinance on Medals of Honor should not have been revised by a Cabinet Order.
Japanese: しかし、法律の存在を前提とせず政令で憲法を直接実施することは認められないとの解釈が通説であり、褒章条例を政令によって改正したのは失当とする見解が呈示されている。
English: Provides penalties for using explosive substance for threatening public safety or for causing bodily harm to others.
Japanese: 治安を妨げ又は人の身体財産を害する目的による爆発物の使用等を処罰する布告。
English: The provisions were interpreted as a law in effect (Supreme Court Second Petty Bench Keishu Vol. 13, No. 7, p. 1075, 1959).
Japanese: 法律としての効力を有する（最二昭和34年7月3日刑集13巻7号1075頁号）。
English: Bogo no mitchoku is an incident that Emperor Komei gave a chokusho (imperial decree) to the Mito Domain on September 14, 1858.
Japanese: 戊午の密勅（ぼごのみっちょく）は1858年9月14日（安政5年8月8日(旧暦)）に孝明天皇が水戸藩に勅書（勅諚）を下賜した事件である。
English: "Bogo" is derived from Bogo (also called tsuchinoe, uma), the zodiac sign of that year when the chokusho was given, and "mitchoku" or a secret Imperial command means that the document was given without going through the official procedure which required to obtain approbation from Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), Hisatada KUJO.
Japanese: 「戊午」は下賜された安政5年の干支が戊午（つちのえ・うま）であったことに由来し、「密勅」とは正式な手続（関白九条尚忠の裁可）を経ないままの下賜であったことによる。
English: The mitchoku was passed from Naofusa MADENOKOJI to Kichizaemon UGAI, the Kyoto rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) of the Mito Domain, and Kokichi UGAI, the son of Kichizaemon, passed it to Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain, via Tatewaki AJIMA, Karo (chief retainer) of the Mito Domain.
Japanese: 密勅は万里小路正房より水戸藩京都留守居役鵜飼吉左衛門に下り、吉左衛門の子　鵜飼幸吉の手によって水戸藩家老　安島帯刀を介して水戸藩主徳川慶篤に伝えられた。
English: The mitchoku was conveyed to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) through Ichio OKUBO, an assistant to Kinri (the Imperial Palace) several days later, but it was such a time-sensitive situations when the mitchoku was delivered to Mito earlier than to Edo.
Japanese: 幕府には数日後に禁裏付の大久保一翁を通じて伝えられたが、江戸より水戸に先着することを図っての時期であった。
English: The mitchoku was kept secret from the Tokugawa gosanke and gosankyo (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family) other than the Mito Domain but the copies of it were sent to other related daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) through Sekke (line of regents and advisers) except Kanpaku.
Japanese: 水戸藩以外の徳川御三家、御三卿などには秘匿されていたが、写しは関白以外の摂家を通じて縁家の大名に送付された。
English: Condemnation against signing the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan (five-parties treaty in the Ansei era) without an imperial sanction and demand a through explanation on it.
Japanese: 勅許なく日米修好通商条約(安政五カ国条約)に調印したことへの呵責と、詳細な説明の要求。
English: Order that the Tokugawa gosanke and other domains shall realize kobu-gattai, the union of the Imperial Court and the shogunate, in cooperation with the bakufu, and the bakufu shall accelerate to reform the shogunate government to promote the expulsion of foreigners.
Japanese: 御三家および諸藩は幕府に協力して公武合体の実を成し、幕府は攘夷推進の幕政改革を遂行せよとの命令。
English: The fact that the chokusho was delivered directly from the Imperial Court to the Mito Domain that was regarded as a vassal of the bakufu meant that the bakufu was ignored and lost its dignity, so the bakufu kept the contents of the document confidential, which led to trigger the Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the bakufu) by Naosuke II, Tairo (chief minister).
Japanese: 幕府の臣下であるはずの水戸藩へ朝廷から直接勅書が渡されたということは幕府が蔑ろにされ威信を失墜させられたということであったため、幕府は勅条の内容を秘匿し、大老井伊直弼による安政の大獄を起こす引き金となった。
English: Especcially, the letter from Kichizaemon UGAI to Tatewaki AJIMA was said that it contained the secret conspiracy to assassinate Naosuke II, and the leakage of its contents resulted in receiving stricter punishment in the Ansei no Taigoku.
Japanese: とりわけ、鵜飼吉左衛門から安島帯刀宛への書簡には井伊直弼暗殺の秘事が記されていたとされ、幕府にその内容が漏洩したことで安政の大獄ではより厳重な処分となったといわれる。
English: Originally, since Nariaki TOKUGAWA had assumed the lord of the domain, the Tenguto (the Tengu faction) who were royal to Nariaki had been in fierce conflict with the Shoseito (the Shosei faction) who emphasized the relationship with the bakufu, and the feud between them were intencified over how to handle this mitchoku.
Japanese: もともと、斉昭の藩主就任以来、水戸藩では斉昭に忠実な天狗党と幕府との関係を重視する諸生党の対立が激しかったが、密勅の対応をめぐり、さらに確執を深めることとなった。
English: Feudal retainers of the domain left the castle town and blocked roads and left the domain, and later organized an attack against Naosuke II.
Japanese: 密勅の返納に反対する藩士は城下を離れて街道を封鎖し脱藩、後に井伊直弼の襲撃を計画する。
English: In modern Japan, it means capacity and power of supreme command to the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) which are one of the Emperor's powers under the provision of the Article 11 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
Japanese: 近代日本では大日本帝国憲法第11条が定めていた天皇大権のひとつである大日本帝国陸軍や、大日本帝国海軍への統帥の権能を指す。
English: The contents of the power are to establish a regulation of organization or reorganization of the Army-Navy or the working regulations, to decide the personnel affairs and duties, to command dispatch and withdrawal of troops, to decide a strategy, to plan the military operation and to supervise and command.
Japanese: その内容は陸海軍の組織と編制などの制度、および勤務規則の設定、人事と職務の決定、出兵と撤兵の命令、戦略の決定、軍事作戦の立案や指揮命令などの権である。
English: As these were committed to the Minister of Army and the Chief of the General Staff in the Army and to the Minister of Navy and the President of the Naval General Staff in the Navy, the Minister of Army had the responsibility to the military political power, and the Chief of the General staff and the President of the Naval General Staff assumed the military command power.
Japanese: これらは陸軍では陸軍大臣と参謀総長に、海軍では海軍大臣と軍令部総長に委託され、大臣は軍政権を、参謀総長・軍令部総長は軍令権をになった。
English: In a narrow sense, the supreme command meant the military command powers which were decision of strategy, planning of military operation, and the supervision and command committed by the Emperor to the military experts, the Chief of the General Staff and the President of the Naval General Staff.
Japanese: 狭い意味では天皇が軍事の専門家である参謀総長・軍令部総長に委託した戦略の決定や、軍事作戦の立案や指揮命令をする軍令権のことをさして統帥権ともいう。
English: Under the Meiji Constitution, the capacity and power of the Emperor was used to be assisted by the Minister of State if there was no specific regulations, but it was not written in the Constitution, and traditionally as for the military orders (supreme command affairs related to the strategy and tactics) were assisted not by the Minister of State but by the supreme command staff (the Chief of the Army General Staff and the President of the Naval General Staff).
Japanese: 明治憲法下で天皇の権能は特に規定がなければ国務大臣が補弼することとなっていたが、それは憲法に明記されておらず、また、慣習的に軍令（作戦・用兵に関する統帥事務）については国務大臣ではなく、統帥部（陸軍：参謀総長。海軍：軍令部総長）が輔弼することとなっていた。
English: The conflict of the sphere between the military order and the military government (the administrative affairs about the army) assisted by the Minister of State led to the occurrence of the affair of the supreme command interference and violation of the rights.
Japanese: この軍令と国務大臣が補弼するところの軍政（軍に関する行政事務）の範囲についての争いが原因で統帥権干犯問題が発生する。
English: It cannot deny that the defect of the Meiji Constitution more promoted national socialization in Japan by the end of the war.
Japanese: この明治憲法が抱えていた欠陥がより終戦に至るまでの日本の国家社会主義化を助長した点は否めない。
English: The idea of the independence of the supreme command came originally from the following facts.
Japanese: なお、統帥権独立の考えが生まれた源流としては、以下のことがあげられる。
English: The leaders at that time were afraid of the revival of the government by the shogunate if statesmen acquired the supreme command,
Japanese: 当時の指導者が、政治家が統帥権をも握ることにより幕府政治が再興される可能性をおそれたこと。
English: Contradicting to the fact above in some points, as the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration and domain cliques had control over the both politics and military, the problems that occurred later due to the independence of the supreme command did not come to the surface.
Japanese: それといささか矛盾するが、元勲・藩閥が政治・軍事両面を掌握していたことから、後世に統帥権独立をめぐって起きたような問題が顕在化しなかったこと。
English: The anecdote of Masashige KUSUNOKI who died at Minatogawa River because his strategy of the war was denied by the ignorant court nobles in the Northern and Southern Court Period (Japan), which led to the decline of the Southern Court (Japan), was well known.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)に楠木正成が軍事に無知な公家によって作戦を退けられて湊川で戦死し、南朝(日本)の衰退につながった逸話が広く知られていたこと。
English: The original is written in Katakana (fragmentary kana), but they are written in Hiragana (the Japanese cursive syllabary) in order to be read easily.
Japanese: 原文はカタカナ表記ですが、読みやすさを考慮してひらがな表記にします。
English: This problem is discussed often as a violate example of the military men, but it should be noticed that originally the Members of the Diet brought up this matter stimulating the conflicts in the army as the means of the political dispute.
Japanese: なお、軍人の暴走例としてよく取り上げられる問題ではあるが、そもそも国会議員が政治抗争の手段として、軍内部の争いに油を注ぐ形で持ち出した問題であることには注意するべきである。
English: Under the Meiji Constitution, the supreme command of the army belonged to the Emperor, but whether the organization rights (troop organization, budget organization, etc.) were assisted by the Minister of State or, although it was not described in the Constitution, or it was included in the supreme command, because the military orders were assisted traditionally not by the Minister of State but by the supreme command staff (the Chief of the Military General Staff, the President of the Naval General Staff) was the major point of the dispute.
Japanese: 明治憲法下では軍の統帥権が天皇にあったが、編成権（部隊編成、予算編成など）に関しては国務大臣が補弼するのか。それとも、憲法に明記されていなかったが、慣習的に軍令については国務大臣が輔弼せず統帥部（陸軍：参謀総長。海軍：軍令部総長）が補弼することとなっていたことにより、その大権に含まれるのかどうかが大きな論点となっていた。
English: As the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Article 11 described that Emperor commands the Army and Navy, and in the Article 12, it described that Emperor decides the organization of the Army and Navy as well as the amount of troops, there was an opinion that the organization rights belonged to the supreme command, on the other hand, another opinion was that the organization rights of the army belonged to the Cabinet according to the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Article 55, Clause 1, saying that the Minister of State assists the Emperor and has the responsibility of the duty.
Japanese: 大日本帝国憲法第11条天皇は陸海軍を統帥す、大日本帝国憲法第12条天皇は陸海軍の編制及常備兵額を定むから編成権も統帥権に含まれるとする意見と、大日本帝国憲法第55条第1項国務各大臣は天皇を輔弼し其の責に任すから、軍の編成権は内閣が持つとする意見がある。
English: The constitution of the Empire of Japan the Article 5 said that the Emperor acts the legislative power with a support of Imperial Diet, and the Article 64, Provision 1 said that the state annual expenditure and revenue was committed by a support of Imperial Diet with annual budget, so that the budget for the organization and maintenance of the army should have been decided by Imperial Diet, however, as Supreme Command Staff could make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility of the results without confirmation of the Cabinet, (Iaku-joso) the idea that the Minister of State (Cabinet) would not be necessary for the process occupied in general.
Japanese: 大日本帝国憲法第5条天皇は帝国議会の協賛を以て立法権を行ふ、大日本帝国憲法第64条第1項国家の歳出歳入は毎年予算を以て帝国議会の協賛を経へしにより、軍の編成･維持のための予算は議会が決定する物であるが、統帥部は、軍事に関する情報を内閣に通さず天皇に報告（帷幄上奏）できたため、国務大臣（内閣）が関わる必要がないと言う考えが大勢を占めた。
English: Despite the Army demanded to reject the conclusion of the treaty of London Naval Conference on Disarmament, at the Imperial Diet opened in the latter half of April, because the proportion of the auxiliary ships unreached to 70 percent comparing to that of the United States, the government concluded the treaty, so that Tsuyoshi INUKAI, the President of the Opposition Rikken seiyukai, and Ichiro HATOYAMA attacked the government at the House of Representatives appealing 'The conclusion of the treaty ignoring the opposite opinion given by the Army means the interference and violate of supreme command,' and following that the Chairman of the Privy Council Yuzaburo KURATOMI showed his attitude to sympathize with that.
Japanese: 4月下旬に始まった帝国議会において、ロンドン海軍軍縮会議締結に対し、軍令部が要求していた、補助艦の対米比7割に満たないとして条約締結拒否を言ったにもかかわらず、この条約を結んだことを理由に、野党の立憲政友会総裁の犬養毅と鳩山一郎が衆議院で、「軍令部の反対意見を無視した条約調印は統帥権の干犯である」と政府を攻撃、続いて枢密院議長倉富勇三郎もこれに同調する動きを見せた。
English: The Army demanded to reject the conclusion of the treaty of London Naval Conference on Disarmament at the Imperial Diet opened in the late April, because the proportion of the auxiliary ships unreached to 70 percent comparing to that of the United States.
Japanese: 4月下旬に始まった帝国議会において、ロンドン海軍軍縮会議締結に対し、軍令部が要求していた、補助艦の対米比7割に満たないとして条約締結拒否を言った。
English: Despite of the fact, the government concluded the treaty, so that Tsuyoshi INUKAI, the President of the Opposition Rikken seiyukai, and Ichiro HATOYAMA attacked the government at the House of Representatives appealing 'The conclusion of the treaty ignoring the opposite opinion given by the Army means the interference and violate of supreme command', and following that the Chairman of the Privy Council Yuzaburo KURATOMI showed his attitude to sympathize with that.
Japanese: それにもかかわらず、この条約を結んだことを理由に、野党の立憲政友会総裁の犬養毅と鳩山一郎が衆議院で、「軍令部の反対意見を無視した条約調印は統帥権の干犯である」と政府を攻撃、続いて枢密院議長倉富勇三郎もこれに同調する動きを見せた。
English: Later on, the opposing argument involved the Naval General Staff and right-wing groups which were dissatisfied with the treaty.
Japanese: やがて、こうした反対論は同条約に不満を持っていた海軍軍令部や右翼団体を巻き込むことになる。
English: Even so, the government broke down the opposition of the Imperial Diet and the Privy Council (Japan) with a support of the public opinion and the acknowledgement of Genro (elder statesman) and the Minister of the Interior, completed the ratification in October 2, 1930.
Japanese: それでも政府は世論の支持と元老・内大臣の了承を背景に、帝国議会・枢密院(日本)を押し切って同年(1930年）10月2日に批准を完了させる。
English: Hiroharu KATO, the President of the Naval General Staff then, criticized the interference and violation of the Supreme Command, and he submitted his resignation to the Emperor.
Japanese: 当時の軍令部総長加藤寛治は統帥権干犯を批判し、天皇に辞表を提出した。
English: In November 14, 1930, the Prime Minister Osachi HAMAGUCHI was sniped by a member of the right-wing group at Tokyo Station and severely injured (then died in August 26, 1931.)
Japanese: 同年11月14日、濱口雄幸内閣総理大臣は右翼団体員に東京駅で狙撃されて重傷（翌年8月26日死亡）。
English: The military began to do reckless things ignoring the decision and policy of the government and exercised its rights against the blames, so that the government lost the resources to stop it.
Japanese: また、軍部が政府決定や方針を無視して暴走を始め、非難に対してはこの権利を行使され政府はそれを止める手段を失うことになる。
English: The reason why the Seiyukai (Rikken seiyukai) rose this matter was that they lost the 17th general election of members of the House of Representatives held that year, and in addition to that, since the period of the former Prime Minister Giichi TANAKA (former Minister of Army, Prime Minister), an association of reservists became the influential support group of Seiyukai which led to the phenomenon of 'pro-militarization of Seiyukai'.
Japanese: 政友会がこの問題を持ち出したのはその年に行われた第17回衆議院議員総選挙で大敗したことに加えて、田中義一前総裁（元陸軍大臣・総理大臣）の総裁時代以来、在郷軍人会が政友会の有力支持団体化したことに伴う「政友会の親軍化」現象の一環とも言われている。