nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Manroku NOMURA (1966 -) was born as the first son of Hanako, the first daughter of Manzo NOMURA, the sixth.
Japanese: 野村万禄（のむらまんろく、1966年-）は、六世野村万蔵の長女華子の長男として生まれる。
English: Currently, he opens the door to the public including setting up training rooms in five prefectures in Kyushu centering around Fukuoka and is working for dissemination and education of Kyogen (farce played during a Noh cycle).
Japanese: 現在は福岡を中心に九州5県に稽古場を開設するなど、一般にも門戸を開き、狂言の普及・指導に努めている。
English: 1999: He received Special Commendation Special Award of Cultural Properties and UNICEF Special Award for new Kyogen 'Akazukin' (Little Red Riding Hood) and 'Shirayuki hime' (Snow White).
Japanese: 1999年　新作狂言「赤頭巾」「白雪姫」文化財特別推薦特別賞受賞、ユニセフ特別賞受賞
English: SAKANOUE no Kumake (year of birth and death unknown) was a person in the Asuka period.
Japanese: 坂上熊毛（さかのうえのくまけ、生没年不明）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
English: The Yamato no Ayauji clan had many branch families based in the southern area of Yamato Province and often involved in military affairs.
Japanese: 東漢氏は支族が多く、大和国南部に本拠を持ち、軍事に関与することが多かった。
English: When Prince Oama raised an army in the last half of June in 672, Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun), who was in Omi no miya, sent envoys to Wakyo and ordered to advance his army.
Japanese: 壬申の年（672年）の6月下旬に大海人皇子が兵を興すと、近江宮にいた大友皇子（弘文天皇）は倭京に使者を派遣して軍を発することを命じた。
English: Takasaka no Okimi started to organize the army along with the envoys, Hozumi no Momotari, Hozumi no Ioe, and Monobe no Himuka.
Japanese: 高坂王は使者の穂積百足、穂積五百枝、物部日向とともに軍の編成を始めた。
English: At this time, however, OTOMO no Hukei decided to side with Prince Oama and gathered people to raise an army.
Japanese: しかしこのとき、大海人皇子側につくことを決めた大伴吹負は挙兵をめざして人数を集めた。
English: On June 29, Hada no Kuma first pretended to be an envoy and ran on a horse to spread the following false report.
Japanese: 6月29日、まず秦熊が使者のふりをして馬に乗って馳せ、以下のような誤報を述べた。
English: Boan SHIMOZU (1570 - June 18, 1631) was a samurai in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 下津俸庵（しもづぼうあん、元亀元年（1570年）-寛永8年5月19日(旧暦)（1631年6月18日））は江戸時代前期の武士。
English: SAKANOUE no Kiyono (791- 850) was the third son of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.
Japanese: 坂上浄野（さかのうえのきよの、延暦11年（791年）-嘉祥3年（850年））は、坂上田村麻呂の三男。
English: He was appointed Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) in 822, and promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) the next year.
Japanese: 弘仁13年（822年）には左近衛少将に任官し、翌年には従五位上に進んだ。
English: In later years, he left the management of Tohoku region to his older brother, SAKANOUE no Hirono, because he became Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Mutsu no suke and so on.
Japanese: その後、兄の坂上広野が右近衛少将、陸奥介などとなったことから、兄に東北運営を任せた。
English: He stepped back from the management of Tohoku because he was transferred to the Governor of Satsuma Province and consecutively to the post of the Governor of Tosa Province.
Japanese: 薩摩国守に転任し、土佐国守などを歴任し、父以来の東北運営から退いた。
English: However, Kiyono was appointed again for the management of Tohoku, because his older brother, Hirono, died young from excessive drinking in 828.
Japanese: しかし、天長5年（828年）に兄の坂上広野が酒の飲みすぎから早死にすると、再び浄野が東北運営に起用された。
English: In 834, he was appointed Azechi of Mutsu and Dewa and engaged in the management of Tohoku again.
Japanese: 天長10年（834年）陸奥および出羽の按察使に任命され、再び、東北運営をおこなった。
English: The family line of Tamuramaro was succeeded by the third son, Kiyono, because the first son, SAKANOUE no Ono, died young and the second son, SAKANOUE no Hirono who took over as head of the family, also died young.
Japanese: 田村麻呂の家系は田村麻呂の長男の坂上大野が若くして亡くなり、家督を継いだ次男の坂上広野も若くして亡くなったために、三男の浄野が田村麻呂の後継者となった。
English: However, some suggest that 'Ono' and 'Hirono' were the same person and that Kiyono was the second son.
Japanese: また、「大野」と「広野」は同一人物説もあり、浄野が次男とする説もある。
English: It is known that Kiyono had three sons; the first son, SAKANOUE no Masamune (Chinju-fu shogun), the second son, SAKANOUE no Masamine (the Governor of Dewa Province), and the third son, SAKANOUE no Masamichi (the Governor of Mutsu Province).
Japanese: 浄野には、長男の坂上当宗（鎮守府将軍）、次男の坂上当峰（出羽守）、三男の坂上当道（陸奥守）の三人の男子があったことがわかっている。
English: SAKANOUE no Masamichi's son, SAKANOUE no Yoshikage, was promoted as warrior to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) Sama no kami (Captain of Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses), and then to Ukon no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Masamichi's subsequent descendents lived in the capital.
Japanese: 坂上当道の子の坂上好蔭は武人として従四位上左馬頭、右近少将にまでなり、その後、当道の家系は都に住している。
English: SAKANOUE no Korenori (Masamichi's grandson) and SAKANOUE no Mochiki (Masamichi's great-grandson) became famous as kajin (waka poet), their descendants did great performances as a Kebiishi police officer and in the law field as a Myobo hakase (teacher of the law in the Ritsuryo system).
Japanese: 坂上是則（当道の孫）、坂上望城（当道の曾孫）は歌人として名を成し、その子孫は検非違使大尉や明法博士など法律に関する分野で活躍した。
English: His son SAKANOUE no 樹並 was probably engaged in the management of Tohoku, which was the hereditary of the Sakanoue clan, as he is said have been the Akitajo no suke (provincial governor of Akita-jo castle in Dewa Province).
Japanese: その子の坂上樹並は秋田城介となっているから、坂上氏伝来の東北経営に従事したのであろう。
English: He had sons, SAKANOUE no Saneo (a third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) and SAKANOUE no Sadao (a chamberlain), and Sadao's son was SAKANOUE no Masahito (Ministerial equerriy), and the son of Masahito was SAKANOUE no Masazane (a supervisor of the army of "chinjufu" [Pacification and Defense Headquarters]).
Japanese: 子に坂上実雄（左衛門尉）と坂上貞雄（侍従）がおり、貞雄の子に坂上正仁（内舎人）、その子に坂上正実（鎮守府軍監）がいる。
English: SAKANOUE no Haruko (year of birth unknown – 834) was a daughter of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.
Japanese: 坂上春子（さかのうえのはるこ、生年不詳-承和(日本)元年（834年））は、坂上田村麻呂の娘。
English: After the demise of the Emperor Kanmu, she moved to Hirano manor, Sumiyoshi County, Settsu Province (Hirano Ward, Osaka City) relying on her brother, SAKANOUE no Hirono who was the feudal lord of the Hirano manor.
Japanese: 桓武天皇の崩御後、摂津国住吉郡平野庄（大阪市平野区）の領主で、兄弟である坂上広野を頼り平野庄に住む。
English: She opened Choho-ji Temple, the nunnery of the Sakanoue family, and it became the nunnery of the successive generations of the Sakanoue family.
Japanese: 坂上氏の尼寺の長寶寺（長宝寺）を開き、同寺は坂上氏累代の尼寺となる。
English: According to the history and genealogy of Choho-ji Temple, the Sakanoue family in Hirano had their residence next to Choho-ji Temple until the Meiji period started.
Japanese: 長寶寺の寺伝や系譜によれば、明治になるまで平野の坂上氏は長寶寺に隣接して屋敷を構えていたとのことである。
English: Haruko's grave is in the cemetery of Choho-ji Temple next to Kumata-jinja Shrine, in Hiranomiya-machi, along with the other graves of the Sakanoue family.
Japanese: 春子の墓は、杭全神社に隣接した平野宮町の長寶寺の墓所に坂上氏一族の墓と共にある。
English: Shunpei TAGUCHI (1818 - November, 1867) was an engineer of gunnery and surveying in the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 田口俊平（たぐちしゅんぺい、文化(元号)15年（1818年）-慶応3年（1867年）11月）は、幕末期の砲術、測量術の技術者。
English: He studied surveying, gunnery, Western studies, and Mechanical Engineering, etc., directed many disciples, and significantly contributed to modernization of Japan in the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 測量術、砲術、蘭学、機械工学などを学び、幕末の時代に多くの門弟を指導し、幕末における日本の近代化への貢献が大きかった。
English: He was born in Kurokawa Village, Kamo County, Mino Province (present Kurokawa, Shirakawa-cho, Kamo-gun, Gifu Prefecture) in 1818.
Japanese: 1818年（文化(元号)15年）美濃国加茂郡黒川村（現在の岐阜県加茂郡(岐阜県)白川町黒川）で生まれる。
English: In 1833, he became a student of Ryohei YANAGIDA, a disciple of Asai, in Nagoya to study medical science.
Japanese: 1833年（天保4年）医学を学ぶために名古屋の浅井門下の柳田良平に師事（15歳）。
English: After coming back home from Nagasaki, he was offered a post as hojutsuka (a ballistic specialist) of Naegi domain of Mino Province, which was his home town, but he rejected it.
Japanese: 長崎から帰郷後、郷里の美濃国苗木藩から砲術家として登用の誘いを受けるも断った。
English: He entered his father's birthplace, the Taguchi family, village headman in Tsukechi Village, Mino Province (present Tsukechi-cho, Nakatsugawa City, Gifu Prefecture) and called himself Shunpei Taguchi.
Japanese: 父の生家である美濃国付知村（現岐阜県中津川市付知町）の庄屋田口家へ入り、田口俊平と称した。
English: On the way, he studied gunnery in a Western style private military school focusing on gunnery, Egawa juku (a Western style military school started by Tanan EGAWA, a disciple of Shuhan TAKASHIMA, a hojutsuka) in Nirayama.
Japanese: 途中、韮山にて砲術を中心とした西洋式の軍事の私塾である江川塾（砲術家高島秋帆の門下江川坦庵が開いた洋式軍事学校）にて砲術の研究をする。
English: In 1859, he was promoted to Monogashira-kaku Otsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol in the battlefield, at Military Commanders status) with a stipend of 100 koku by a roju (senior councilor) Hirochika KUZE and became a grand master of Western gunnery and Western studies in bakufu.
Japanese: 1859年（安政元年）、老中久世広周により禄百石の物頭格御使番に格上げされ、幕府の西洋砲術及び蘭学の師範となる。
English: In 1858, he worked in Bakufu kobusho (military training school), and since October of the year, he worked in Nagasaki Learning Place to study mechanics.
Japanese: 1858年（安政5年）、幕府講武所で、同年9月からは機械学研究のため長崎伝習所で勤務。
English: In 1859, as Nagasaki Learning Place was closed due to Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate), he returned to Edo, worked in Warship Training Center, and became a crew of Kanrin Maru (the first Japanese ship ever to cross the Pacific) (he did not join the Kanrin Maru missionary to go to America).
Japanese: 1859年（安政6年）、安政の大獄により長崎伝習所が閉鎖されたのに伴い江戸に戻り、軍艦操練所に勤務し、咸臨丸の乗組員となる（咸臨丸渡米使節には参加者せず）。
English: In 1862, Shunpei was chosen as one of the engineers, who were dispatched to the Netherlands by the Tokugawa shogunate when building Kaiyo Maru Warship was ordered.
Japanese: 1862年（文久2年）、俊平は、軍艦開陽丸建造を発注の際に徳川幕府がオランダに派遣した技術者の一人に選ばれる。
English: In the Netherlands, he supervised shipbuilding of Kaiyo Maru and as well studied surveying, Western gunnery, and so on.
Japanese: オランダでは、開陽丸建造を監督するともに、測量術、西洋の砲術などを学ぶ。
English: After returning to Japan, he became a hatamoto with a stipend of 300 koku and a Goyogakari (professor) of Navy Training Center, but died of illness in November or December of the same year (November in old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 帰国後、禄三百石の旗本となり、海軍操練所の御用係（教授）となったが、同年11月病死。
English: MINAMOTO no Okitada (957 - September 1018) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 源致公（みなもとのおきただ、天徳(日本)元年（957年）-寛仁2年（1018年）8月）は、平安時代中期の武将。
English: He was adopted by MINAMOTO no Mitsusue, the third son of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto; he was a son of MINAMOTO no Tadakata, who was the eldest son of MINAMOTO no Takaakira, Daigo-Genji (Minamoto clan) and Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and is said to have been a model of Hikaru Genji.
Japanese: 清和源氏・源経基の三男源満季の養子（光源氏のモデルになったといわれる醍醐源氏・左大臣源高明の長男源忠賢の子）。
English: His children included MINAMOTO no Mitsusue (Shikibu no jo (Secretary of the Ministry of Ceremonial), Echizen no kami (Governor of Echizen Province), and Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)), and his descendants included MINAMOTO no Sadatoshi (Daizen no daibu (Master of the Palace Table), Echizen no kami, Shurishiki (Office of Palace Repairs), Hyogo no jo, Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade)), MINAMOTO no Noritaka, MINAMOTO no Narisada (Musashi no suke (vice governor of Musashi no kuni)), MINAMOTO no Narisane (Musashi no suke and Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province)), MINAMOTO no Tametsune (kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) Uemon no jo (the third ranked official of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards), then exiled to Oki Province; details are unknown), MINAMOTO no Suenobu, MINAMOTO no Tadamitsu (Harima no suke (assistant governor of Harima Province)), MINAMOTO no Takayuki (Daigaku no suke (Assistant Director of the Bureau of Education)), and MINAMOTO no Tadamasa (Kogo no miya Jicho).
Japanese: 子に源満季（式部丞・越前守・従五位下）、子孫に源満季（大膳大夫・越前守・修理職・兵庫丞・従四位下）、源憲尊、源成定（武蔵介）、源成實（武蔵介・伊豆守）、源為経（検非違使右衛門尉・後に隠岐国配流、詳細は不明）、源季信、源忠満（播磨介）、源高行（大学助）、源忠政（皇后宮侍長）などがいる。
English: Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA (December 11, 1800 - January 16, 1863) was the 28th feudal lord of Takeo in the Saga Domain in the late Edo period (Takeo was a dominion in the Saga Domain).
Japanese: 鍋島茂義（なべしましげよし、寛政12年10月25日(旧暦)（1800年12月11日）-文久2年11月27日(旧暦)（1863年1月16日））は、江戸時代末期の第28代佐賀藩武雄領主（武雄領は佐賀藩の自治領）。
English: In the former part of his life, Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA was responsible for budget reform of the domain as Ukeyaku (an administrative officer who manages the affairs of the domain) of the Saga Domain.
Japanese: 鍋島茂義は、その前半生は佐賀藩の請役（藩務を総理する執政職）として藩の財政改革を担当する。
English: In 1832, however, he was dismissed as the Ukeyaku because he severely warned Narinao NABESHIMA, the former lord of the Saga Domain, not to go to Edo due to the serious financial situation of the Saga Domain.
Japanese: しかし、天保3年（1832年）、財政的余裕がないとして前佐賀藩主鍋島斉直の江戸出府を厳しく戒めたため請役を罷免される。
English: He spent the latter part of his life in Takeo, where in 1834 he became a student of Shuhan TAKASHIMA for the first time as a feudal lord in Japan to study Western gunnery and science and technology, while making a great impact on Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, thereby leading to the development of advanced military and technical power of the Saga Domain in the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 後半生は武雄領に戻り、天保5年（1834年）、日本の封建領主で最初に高島秋帆に弟子入りして西洋式砲術や科学技術を究めるとともに、佐賀藩主鍋島直正に大きな影響を与え、幕末期の佐賀藩の高度な軍事力・技術力開発のさきがけとなった。
English: Incidentally, in 1839, Shigeyoshi resigned as the lord of Takeo to relinquish the position to his 7-year old heir Shigeharu NABESHIMA, and then retired.
Japanese: なお、天保10年（1839年）、茂義は7歳の嫡子鍋島茂昌に武雄領主の地位を譲り隠居している。
English: In 1800, he was born as a son of Shigeyori NABESHIMA, the 27th lord of Takeo.
Japanese: 寛政12年（1800年）、第27代の武雄領主鍋島茂順の子として生まれる。
English: In December 1822, he was appointed as the Ukeyaku of the Saga Domain at the age of 22 before succeeding to the family head.
Japanese: 文政5年（1822年）11月、家督を未だ継がないまま、22歳で佐賀藩の請役に就任。
English: In those days, the Saga Domain was under severe financial circumstances, and Gonnojo ARITA, who was a secretary of Naomasa NABESHIMA (the lord of the Saga Domain), attempted to impose a poll tax in the territory with no exceptions.
Japanese: 当時、佐賀藩の財政状況は極めて厳しく佐賀藩主鍋島斉直の側役有田権之丞が領内に例外なく人頭税を課そうとした。
English: However, Shigeyoshi opposed to this, saying "to impose a poll tax is not the essence of politics" and resigned as the Ukeyaku in December only after one month from appointment.
Japanese: が、茂義は「人頭税を課すことは政治の要諦にあらず」と反対し、同年12月、請役就任1ヶ月にして請役を辞職する。
English: In 1824, it was decided that Morihime, a daughter of shogunate Ienari TOKUGAWA, would be married to Naomasa NABESHIMA, the heir of Narinao NABESHIMA (the lord of the Saga Domain); but Shigeyoshi went to Edo to make a petition to postpone the marriage due to the severe financial circumstances of the Saga Domain.
Japanese: 文政7年（1824年）、将軍徳川家斉の娘盛姫が佐賀藩主鍋島斉直の嫡子鍋島直正に嫁ぐことが決まるが、佐賀藩の財政状況の厳しさから、茂義は江戸に上りその延期を請願した。
English: However, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) rejected his petition, and in December 1825 he solemnized a marriage between Naomasa NABESHIMA and Morihime in Edo as Ukeyaku accordingly.
Japanese: しかし、幕府に拒まれ、文政8年（1825年）11月、江戸において、請役として鍋島直正と盛姫の婚儀をつかさどった。
English: When he went to Edo in 1824, he impeached a person in charge of managing edohantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) of the Saga Domain, insisting that the edohantei's finance was falling into confusion.
Japanese: また、文政7年（1824年）に江戸に上った際、佐賀藩江戸藩邸の財政が濫に流れているとして、江戸藩邸の責任者を弾劾した。
English: As a result, chief retainer Iwami NABESHIMA lost his position, and secretary Gonnojo ARITA and Juemon NOTOMI were sent back to Saga and ordered Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment).
Japanese: その結果、家老鍋島石見は家老職免職、側役有田権之丞と納富十右衛門は佐賀に送り返され切腹を命じられた。
English: In April 1826, on his way back to Saga after completion of a substantial role for the marriage, Shigeyoshi forcibly closed a villa in Shinagawa, a place for pleasure for Narinao NABESHIMA (the lord of the domain), insisting that it was one of the causes of the financial collapse.
Japanese: 文政9年（1826年）3月、婚儀の大役を終えた茂義は佐賀に戻るが、その途中、品川で藩主鍋島斉直の遊興の場であった別邸を財政破綻の一因であるとして破却した。
English: On this occasion, Naotaka NABESHIMA, the lord of the Ogi Domain (branch of the Saga Domain) and Shigeto TAKU, the lord of the Taku, admonished Narinao NABESHIMA for exemption of Shigeyoshi's seppuku.
Japanese: このとき、佐賀藩の支藩小城藩主鍋島直尭と多久領主多久茂澄が鍋島斉直に諫言し、茂義は切腹を免れた。
English: In the same year, Shigeyoshi married Kamadohime, a daughter of Narinao NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, and consequently became a brother-in-law of Naomasa NABESHIMA.
Japanese: この年、佐賀藩主鍋島斉直の娘竈姫と結婚し、茂義は鍋島直正の義理の兄となった。
English: Accordingly, Shigeyoshi actively got involved in the education of the heir Naomasa NABESHIMA and it is assumed that Shigeyoshi had a great impact on Naomasa NABESHIMA in his growth period.
Japanese: そして、この頃、鍋島直正の世継ぎ教育に積極的に関わっており、茂義は鍋島直正の成長期に大きな影響を与えたと思われる。
English: In 1830, Narinao NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, retired and Naomasa NABESHIMA became the 10th lord of the domain.
Japanese: 天保元年（1830年）、佐賀藩主鍋島斉直は隠居し、鍋島直正が第10代の藩主となる。
English: Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA was frequently asked for advice by Naomasa as the Ukeyaku and worked on financial reform.
Japanese: 鍋島茂義は、請役として、直正からたびたび意見を求められ、財政改革に取り組んだ。
English: In August 1832, Shigeyori NABESHIMA, the lord of Takeo, retired and Shigeyoshi became the 28th lord of Takeo.
Japanese: また、天保3年（1832年）8月には武雄領主鍋島茂順が隠居し、茂義は、第28代の武雄領主となった。
English: In January 1833, however, Shigeyoshi admonished Narinao NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, not to go to Edo because it would need a large amount of expense unacceptable under the domain's financial crunch.
Japanese: しかしながら、同年12月、前佐賀藩主鍋島斉直が江戸に上ることを希望したのに対し、莫大な経費を要する江戸への出府を藩財政逼迫の折に行うべきではないと諫言した。
English: This provoked Narinao's anger and Shigeyoshi was confined to his house for 12 days while being removed of his post as Ukeyaku.
Japanese: これにより斉直の怒りに触れ、12日間の謹慎を命ぜられるとともに請役を罷免される。
English: In this way, Shigeyoshi tried to overcome the financial crisis of the Saga Domain by stopping extravagance of the people in upper posts of the domain.
Japanese: このように、茂義は佐賀藩の財政危機に際し、藩のトップの贅沢を止めさせることで対応しようとした。
English: However, the way he took was so radical that he was not able to fully achieve reformation of the domain; after he resigned from the third Ukeyaku, he stopped being involved in the domain duties and returned to Takeo to spend the rest of his life.
Japanese: が、その方法が過激であったために、結局、藩政改革を全うすることができず、3度目の請役辞任の後は、藩政に関わらないまま、武雄に戻って余生を送っている。
English: In 1831, before losing his post as Ukeyaku, Shigeyoshi imported a flintlock (gun) operable in rainy weather from the Netherlands.
Japanese: 茂義は、請役を罷免される前の天保2年（1831年）、雨天でも使用できる火打石銃をオランダから輸入している。
English: Furthermore, it is said that he invited the Dutch to have a military drill, thereby changing the military system of Takeo into the Dutch style (see Note).
Japanese: さらに、オランダ人を招いて軍事教練を実施したと伝えられており、武雄領内の軍制をオランダ式に改めている（注）。
English: In 1832, Shigeyoshi made his vassal Junzaemon HIRAYAMA become a disciple of Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Nagasaki machi toshiyori (an important local officer under the Tokugawa Shogunate of Nagasaki-machi Town), to learn Western gunnery.
Japanese: そして、天保3年（1832年）、家臣の平山醇左衛門を長崎町年寄高島秋帆に入門させて、西洋式砲術を学ばせた。
English: In 1834, Shigeyoshi himself also became a disciple of Shuhan TAKASHIMA and was conferred full mastership in the following year.
Japanese: 天保5年（1834年）茂義自身も高島秋帆に入門し、翌年免許皆伝を受けている。
English: (Note) The Dutch in Dejima were under the severe control of bakufu, and the fact was that Shuhan TAKASHIMA came to Takeo to perform the military drill in Dutch.
Japanese: （注）出島のオランダ人は幕府の厳しい統制下に置かれており、実際には高島秋帆などが武雄に来てオランダ語を用いた軍事教練を実施した。
English: As described above, before Hidetatsu EGAWA, Nirayama Daikan of the bakufu, paid attention to Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Shigeyoshi had had deep exchange with Shuhan TAKASHIMA, and in 1835, he was presented with a Western gun (bronze mortar gun), which was fabricated for the first time in Japan by Takashima.
Japanese: このように、茂義は、幕府韮山代官江川英龍などが着目する前から、高島秋帆と深い交流を持っており、天保6年（1835年）には高島が日本で初めて鋳造した西洋式大砲（青銅製モルチール砲）が茂義に献上されている。
English: This bronze mortar gun is valuable because it has Dutch descriptions indicating the name of Shuhan TAKASHIMA and that the gun was fabricated for the first time in Japan in 1835 (according to the Dutch calendar).
Japanese: この青銅製モルチール砲は、高島秋帆の名や、オランダ暦(西暦）の1835年に初めて日本で鋳造された旨のオランダ語が刻まれた貴重なものである。
English: In those days, Western guns were made and trial launches were conducted in Takeo, and Shigeyoshi was deemed to be the first person among the feudal lords of Japan who was successful in introducing Western military techniques.
Japanese: そして、この頃には、武雄領でも西洋式大砲の鋳造や試射が行われており、茂義は、我が国の封建領主の中で最も早く西洋の軍事技術の導入に成功した人物と位置付けられる。
English: Five years later, in 1840, the Saga Domain noticed the military techniques of Takeo when Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, reviewed the military maneuvers of the soldiers of Takeo.
Japanese: この武雄領の軍事技術に佐賀藩が注目したのは、それから5年後の天保11年（1840年）に佐賀藩主鍋島直正が武雄兵の軍事演習を視閲したときであった。
English: The Saga Domain was sensitively aware that Tadakuni MIZUNO, roju (member of shogun's council of elders) of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), was showing an interest in the western gunnery, and employed Junzaemon HIRAYAMA in Takeo to drive gunnery training and casting of guns in 1842.
Japanese: 佐賀藩は、江戸幕府老中水野忠邦が西洋式砲術に興味を示しているのを敏感に察知して、天保13年（1842年）、武雄領の平山醇左衛門を砲術稽古及び大砲鋳造のために取り立てている。
English: (Note) It is said that Hidetatsu EGAWA, Nirayama Daikan of the bakufu, visited Takeo and observed the military drill and casting of guns in 1841.
Japanese: （注）天保12年（1841年）には、幕府韮山代官江川英龍が武雄を訪れ、軍事教練及び大砲鋳造を見学したと伝わっている。
English: However, Shuhan TAKASHIMA was arrested in the end of the year due to slander of Yozo TORII, who was a bakufu machi-bugyo (town magistrate), and subsequently Junzaemon HIRAYAMA was executed in Takeo the next year.
Japanese: しかしながら、幕府町奉行鳥居耀蔵の讒言により、同年末に高島秋帆が捕縛されると、翌年、平山醇左衛門が武雄領内で処刑される。
English: In this way, movements to remove the network of Takashima developed in the Saga Domain and Takeo for a certain period.
Japanese: このように、一時、佐賀藩内や武雄領内で高島色が払拭される動きが現れる。
English: Under the circumstances, kajutsugata (gunnery research institute) of the Saga Domain sometimes asked Shigeyoshi for advice, and Shigeyoshi studied a new gun (paixhan gun) ahead of other domains.
Japanese: そうした中でも、茂義は、佐賀藩の火術方（砲術研究所）で度々相談ごとを受け、また、諸藩に先駆けて新型砲（ペキサンス砲）の研究も行った。
English: This implies that Shigeyoshi, who had a personal connection with Dutch interpreters, felt a crisis of the country due to the appearance of powerful foreign countries around Japan and further continued the military research.
Japanese: オランダ通詞と独自のパイプを持っていた茂義が、日本周辺への列強の出没に危機感を覚え、さらに軍事研究を続けていたことが伺える。
English: In Takeo, there is a collection of 138 Dutch books and there also remain imported goods such as globes, celestial globes, measurement tools, clocks, and drugs at present; these items were all purchased from the Netherlands at the time of Shigeyoshi.
Japanese: 武雄には現在も138冊の蘭書コレクションや、地球儀や天球儀、測量器具や時計、薬品などの輸入物品が残されているが、これは茂義の時期にオランダから購入されたものである。
English: In addition, in Takeo in the Tenpo era, glass products such as cylinders for science experiments and ceramics such as an alembic (distilling equipment), a mortar and pestle were manufactured at Tsukazaki-jo Castle (castle for the lord of Takeo; present-day Takeo High School).
Japanese: それに加えて、武雄では、天保年間、塚崎城（武雄領主の館、現武雄高校）で理化学実験用シリンダーなどのガラス製品や、蘭引（蒸留装置）や乳鉢、乳棒などの磁器が製造されている。
English: Shigeyoshi and his vassals conducted science experiments with these laboratory instruments and it is said that they particularly conducted research for gunpowder and blasting caps.
Japanese: 茂義やその家臣は、これらの実験器具を用いて理化学実験を行っており、特に、火薬や雷管の研究を行っていたと言われる。
English: The Saga Domain established a seirengata (science research institute) in 1851 to seriously work on scientific research.
Japanese: 佐賀藩では、嘉永4年（1851年）に精煉方（理化学研究所）を設け、本格的に理化学研究に取り組む。
English: It is assumed that the research findings made by Takeo were greatly referenced in those days.
Japanese: このような武雄領の研究結果は、その際、大いに参考にされたものと思われる。
English: In 1854, Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA was appointed as a leader in charge of steamship construction in the seirengata by Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, which also implies that Shigeyoshi already had knowledge about steam engines.
Japanese: また、嘉永7年（1854年）、鍋島茂義は、佐賀藩主鍋島直正から精煉方における蒸気船建造の責任者に任命されるが、これも茂義がすでに蒸気機関についての知識を有していた表れと考えられる。
English: Mitsuyoshi YOSHIDA (1598-1673) was a Japanese mathematician in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 吉田光由（よしだみつよし、慶長3年（1598年）-寛文12年11月21日(旧暦)（1673年1月8日））は、江戸時代前期の和算家である。