nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to one theory, the characters used for this term (which, although pronounced "yashi", is written "kagushi") developed from Kagutsuchi (Honokagutsuchi no kami), the god of fire who appears in the "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), and who kills his mother, Izanami, by burning her vagina as he was being born before being chopped to pieces by his father, Izanagi, the many pieces turning into gods.
Japanese: その語源は一説によると、『古事記』にも登場する火の神で、出雲国にて出産時に産道を焼いてイザナミを死に追いやりイザナギに切り刻まれて沢山の神に分裂したカグツチ（ほのかぐつちのかみ）の加具土が“加具士→加具師→香具師”と変化したもの。
English: The deity Shinno, considered an alias of tekiya, was the god of farming and medicine, and in the Edo Period, yashi, who are considered to be the origin of tekiya, worshipped Shinno and acted as dentists by selling medicine, inserting, maintaining, and selling false teeth and providing treatment for cavities.
Japanese: 的屋の別称とされる神農の神は、農業と薬や医学の神であり、的屋の源流とされる香具師は江戸時代において、薬売りと、入れ歯の装丁・調整や販売、虫歯などの民間治療の歯科医でもあり、このことから神農の神を信仰していた。
English: Shinno was originally from Chinese Civilization and was the god of Chinese medicine, from which many historical traditional medicines were derived in Japan.
Japanese: また中華文明圏に由来する神農の神は、そもそも漢方薬の神であり、日本においても薬は漢方由来のものが歴史的にも多く存在した。
English: This is one of the main reasons why tekiya, as well as being considered to be connected to yashi, do not follow traditional Japanese deities of medicine.
Japanese: これらのことは、的屋と香具師の繋がりが示されるとともに、的屋が日本古来の薬の神を信仰しなかった、要因の一つと考えられる。
English: It consisted of impersonations and other comedy routines, sword dancing, and dancing in one man sumo, as well as Tang's magic shows, acrobatics and stunts performed at honozumo (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine) and kagura (Shinto music and dance) festivals held at night.
Japanese: 日本古来からの物真似や形態模写などのお笑い芸や剣舞や独り相撲の舞踊りと唐から伝わった奇術や手品または、軽業や曲芸などの芸が合わさりできた芸能で、奉納相撲や御神楽祭の夜祭で演じられた。
English: Sarugaku was performed by professional entertainers who belonged to temples and shrines and performed at shines and temples or on main streets during kaijitsu (the original form of fairs).
Japanese: 寺社に所属する職業芸能人であり会日（縁日の原形）に寺社や大道で披露していた。
English: In addition, those who were under the patronage of kuge (court nobles) or samurai families developed into Noh (traditional Japanese masked dance-drama) and Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), and sarugaku became the generic term for noh and kyogen.
Japanese: また公家や武家に庇護されたものは、能や狂言にまで昇華し、ゆえに猿楽は能と狂言の総称でもある。
English: Nowadays, the vestiges of sarugaku (such as the sword twirling 'gama no abura uri' [toad-oil sellers] or 'nankin tama sudare', where the performer makes fancy shapes with a small bamboo screen) can be only be seen amongst a few family-run tekiya, but they are widely known from the 'daikagura' (lion dances, juggling and other entertainment) performed at yose (storyteller theaters) and entertainment halls by 'Somenosuke and Sometaro'.
Japanese: 現在においては、的屋家業としてその片鱗（がまの油売りの太刀まわりや南京玉簾など）は僅かにしか垣間見る事は出来ないが、寄席や演芸場で「染之介・染太郎」に代表される太神楽として広く知られる。
English: The Lotus Leaf Trade were businesses that were asked by shrines and temples to sell holy good luck charms, rather than merchandise, receiving in return gifts of gratitude, and as such were indispensible for festivals.
Japanese: 古くは寺社などの神託を受けて商品ではなく縁起物を振舞うことを生業とし、その謝意として祝儀を受け取る祭りには欠かせない、職である。
English: Though it is no different from selling ordinary charms, the fact that they are holy charms means they are worth more than their actual value.
Japanese: お守りを売っているのと変わらないわけで、その品そのものの商品価値より縁起物としての色合いが強いのである。
English: As a result, they were looked down upon by some as merchants who schemed to sell inferior products for more than they were worth.
Japanese: そのため、一部からは粗悪品を巧みな口上で不当な価格で売る真っ当でない商人との蔑視を受けた歴史を持つ。
English: The origins of tekiya, who are known for selling cheap and fake items, are believed lie in Lotus Leaf traders and Ikasamashi (fraudsters), since they share etymology and background (both the Trade of Lotus Leaves and Ikasamashi mean people who sell fake or cheap objects).
Japanese: 際物売り・まがい物売りなどと表現され、的屋の発祥の一つとされる蓮の葉商いや如何様師（いかさま師）などがあり、その語源の発祥とその経緯（蓮の葉商いも如何様師もまがい物や際物を売る者という意味がある）が一致している。
English: The Japanese word 'ikasamashi' comes from 'ikasama,' a synonym for the magic shows performed in sarugaku, many of which originated in Tang.
Japanese: 手品や奇術の多くは唐から伝わり猿楽の芸の一つであり、如何様（いかさま）とも呼ばれ、それを行うものを如何様師とも呼称していた。
English: Tekiya also used magic shows until the early Showa Period and many used tricks such as the 'cutting the arm with a sword' seen in the 'gama no abura uri' performance to bring in customers.
Japanese: また的屋においても昭和初期まで奇術や手品を使い、客寄せをする者も多く存在し、「がまの油売り」が演じる「真剣を使って腕を切る」芸のカラクリにその片鱗が見て取れる。
English: It was done while remaining seated, and participants competed for the points gained by hitting a target.
Japanese: 座ったままで行う正式な弓術であり、対戦式で的に当った点数で勝敗を争った。
English: Later in the Edo Period, yokyu combined with the common 'festival bows and arrows' ritual to became a gambling game called 'matoya' (written with the characters for 'target' and 'arrow') run by people who were also called 'matoya' (written with the characters for 'target' and 'monger') and which prospered from the late Edo Period through the Taisho Period (1912 - 1926), although it was occasionally banned as it was considered to be undesirable gambling and to corrupt public morals.
Japanese: 後に江戸時代には、この公家の楊弓と庶民の神事である祭り矢・祭り弓が元になり「的屋（まとや）」が営む懸け物（賭け事）の「的矢（弓矢の射的遊技）」として庶民に楽しまれ、江戸時代の後期には隆盛を極め、大正時代まで続いたといわれるが、江戸時代から大正に至るまで好ましくない賭博や風俗であるとされ、度々、規制や禁止がなされた。
English: This is considered to be one of the origins of the later tekiya, who make a living by running outdoor stalls.
Japanese: この的屋（まとや）が後の露天商を生業とする的屋（てきや）の起源の一つとされる。
English: Matoya' was known as 'yokyu-jo' (yokyu place) in the Kansai region of western Japan and 'yaba' (arrow place) in the eastern Kanto region and during festivals, stalls were set up in niwaba and in red light districts (or licensed quarters), with prizes or money awarded depending on the position or the type of the target.
Japanese: 「的矢」は、関西では楊弓場（ようきゅうじょう）、関東で矢場（やば）といわれ、祭礼の立つ日の庭場や遊郭で出店や夜店として、弓矢を使い的に当て、的の位置や種類により、商品や賞金が振舞われた。
English: Since it was dangerous to gather arrows from the side while customers were shooting, Kanto tekiya started calling any dangerous place 'yaba' and dangerous activities 'yabai.'
Japanese: また客が弓矢を楽しむ横からの矢の回収は危険であることから、関東の的屋の間で、危ない場所を矢場（やば）と言う様になり、危ない事を「矢場い・やばい」と表現し、隠語として使用した。
English: This 'yabai' code spread from tekiya to other disreputable groups, and became popular among young people around 1965.
Japanese: この「やばい」という隠語は的屋を中心に堅気でない者の間に広まり、昭和40年前後には当時の若者に広まった言葉である。
English: Studies of folklore and discussions of folk religion often contend that the licensed quarters 'had the meaning of a barrier' and since their political stability meant they were easy to control, they were said to identify an area, although they were considered to have some extraterritorial rights, not in the common 'rules.'
Japanese: 遊郭は一説に因れば「結界の意味を持つ」とする民俗学や民間信仰論もあり、政治的な治安維持としての役割と管理のし易さから、地域を特定したともいわれるが、一般の「定」から外れた部分を持つ治外法権でもあった。
English: In addition, licensed quarters and prostitutes were originally related to Shinto purification and exorcism rites, as can be discerned from the existence of 'watari miko' (shrine maidens who were also prostitutes and who traveled around performing purification rites at festivals).
Japanese: また遊郭や遊女は古くは禊（みそぎ）や祓い（はらい）と言った神事でもあり、それは「渡り巫女」などの存在からも窺い知ることが出来る。
English: As a result, licensed quarters carried the same meaning as the niwaba (places connected to temples, shrines and good omens) and was a place where tekiya plied their trade.
Japanese: これらを背景として、遊郭は庭場（寺社や縁起に係わる場所）と同じ意味合いを持ち的屋が生業を営む場所であった。
English: In addition, many of the professions that tekiya developed from were associated with prostitutes.
Japanese: そして的屋の源流とされる職種も遊女とのかかわりを持つものも多く存在している。
English: On pilgrimages such as the Okage Mairi (to Ise-jingu Shrine) and Fuji Mode (to Sengen Shrine at the summit of Mount Fuji), the road traveled was also considered to be part of the pilgrimage, as such inn towns contained prostitutes (serving ladies) whose entertaining of the guests was a form of purification and exorcism.
Japanese: お蔭参り（御伊勢参り）や富士詣などは途中の旅路も過程も含めて「詣で」であり、宿場町に遊女（飯盛女）が存在し、客が遊興することは、禊や祓いであった。
English: The manners and morals of these inn towns came to be connected with matoba areas (gambling for gifts) run by matoya, and yaba (shooting galleries) were established in inn towns and hot spring districts.
Japanese: この宿場町の風俗習慣と的屋（まとや）の営業する的場（景品交換式遊技場）が結びついて、宿場町や温泉街に矢場（射的場）が設けられた。
English: This was the original form of current shooting galleries (including games such as 'smart ball'), which until the 1950s coexisted with prostitutes, who were known in slang as 'women of the yaba.'
Japanese: これが現在の射的場（スマートボールなども含め）の原形であり、昭和30年代頃まで俗に「矢場の女」といわれる遊女が射的場に存在した理由である。
English: In the Heian Period, there were groups of entertainers called Kugutsushi (puppeteers), who are considered to be the one of the origins of sarugaku and who wandered from place to place, gaining money by performing in cities though some groups later came under 'the patronage' of temples and shrines.
Japanese: -平安時代にあった傀儡師といわれる芸能集団で、猿楽の源流一つとされ、旅回りや定住せず流浪して、町々で芸を披露しながら金子（きんす）を得ていたが、後に寺社の「お抱え」となる集団もあった。
English: Men performed sword dancing and women did puppet shows to music called Kugutsu mawashi.
Japanese: 男性は剣舞をし、女性は傀儡回しという唄に併せて動かす人形劇を行っていた。
English: The women puppeteers, known as kugutsume, it is said that they sometimes slept with customers.
Japanese: この傀儡を行う女を傀儡女とよび、時には客と閨をともにしたといわれる。
English: As described in the works of the mid-Edo Period writer Saikaku IHARA, these were prostitutes hired by big shops in and around Kyoto to sleep with honored or regular customers.
Japanese: -江戸中期の井原西鶴の著書の中で、描かれている上方の大店に雇用されていた遊女のことで、上客や常客の接待として閨をともにした。
English: The term Lotus Leaf Women is related to the Lotus Leaf Trade etymologically, and though it is just an assumption, there is a suggestion Lotus Leaf traders may have also have worked as prostitutes.
Japanese: 蓮の葉女と蓮の葉商いはその語源について繋がりがあり、諸説あるが蓮の葉商いが遊女としての側面を持っていたことが示唆される。
English: These were women who, in the late Edo-Period, worked in the yaba owned by matoya, picking up arrows shot by customers from the ground and running through the flying arrows which was considered as a kind of show.
Japanese: -江戸後期には的屋（まとや）が営む矢場に登場した女性で、客の放つ矢を掻い潜りながら、的に刺さった矢や落ちている矢を拾い集め、舞う様に矢の飛び交う中を駆け回るのが、一つの芸であった。
English: On special days, the top prize was a night with the yatori onna of one's choice, if certain requirements were met.
Japanese: また特別な日には最高の賞品として一定の条件を満たせば気に入った矢取り女と閨を共にする事が出来た。
English: This was a trade term described a style of sale by tekiya, but dictionaries define it as 'street prostitutes.'
Japanese: -的屋の販売形態のひとつを表す業界用語でもあるが、辞書では「路傍（ろぼう）で営む遊女」も意味すると記述されている。
English: Both required straw floor mats as important business tools, and it was a general term used to describe businesses where goods were sold from straw mats on the floor, rather than an actual stall, although is not certain whether 'korobi' (falling) was a pun or just happened to be called, or referred to businesses actually collapsing.
Japanese: 双方とも茣蓙が大事な商売道具でもあり、偶然なのか洒落なのか、またはそのような実態が的屋としての「転び」にあったかは定かではないが、茣蓙の上に商品を乗せる商いの総称ともとれる。
English: This term was used because the goods were sold on such as straw mats on the ground.
Japanese: 地面引いた茣蓙（ござ）などの上に直に商品を転ばして売っていたためにこう呼ばれている。
English: Due to the ease with which goods could be laid out, korobi have in recent times, regardless of the niwaba, set up other places when elementary school finishes, selling goods aimed at children, many of whom, depending on the period, bought things such as disappearing colored-ink sets, colored-sand picture sets (colored silica sand and glue), mold for colored clays (known as kataya) from 'korobi.'
Japanese: その身軽さから、近年では庭場にとらわれず、小学校の下校時にあわせて、子供向けに売り場を開く事もあり、年代によっては、校門の近くで、消えるカラーインクセットやカラー砂絵セット（色別に着色した硅砂と木工用ボンド）、カラー油土の型枠セット（カタ屋）などを「ころび」から購入した経験を持つものも多い。
English: Other theories are that some tekiya traveled around as toseinin (yakuza-like gamblers) who, unlike yakuza, when paying their respects for the local boss, used to open their speeches with the phrase 'if I may borrow three sun (around 9 cm) of your roof...' and who conducted business with flattery (known in Japanese as 'three sun of tongue') and determination ('three sun of heart') or that their stalls were made from the smallest pieces of wood available, which was three sun square.
Japanese: その他にも渡世人として各地方を渡り歩く的屋家業の者が、顔役に世話になる時の「仁義を切る」ときの口上が、やくざと違い「軒先三寸借り受けまして、、、」と始まる事、舌先三寸（口車）で商売するや胸三寸（心意気）で商売するなど、または、屋台の骨組みが木材商で販売されている一番小さい構造材の三寸角であったことなどが挙げられる。
English: They, so-called rotensho (stallholder), traveled to locations near and far in search of fairs, markets, and festivals, selling their goods from portable stalls known as tokomise, and while some were individually or privately run, most were members of the Shinno Commercial Cooperative Association.
Japanese: 縁日や市や祭りが催される場所を求め渡り歩き（近隣や遠方への旅回り）床店（「とこみせ」とは組立式の移動店舗）で商売をする、いわゆる露天商であり、個人や個人経営の組もあるが、神農商業協同組合の組合員も多い。
English: The Shinno Commercial Cooperative Association and so on, organized around the boss who manage the traveling tekiya, set the niwaba and rents, and collect the rents, is located in various places around Japan and acts as a mutual assistance and communication network for stallholders.
Japanese: また旅回りの的屋の世話役や、庭場の場所決めの割り振りや場所代の取り決めや徴収をする顔役をさし、この顔役を中心に組織化したものが、神農商業協同組合などであり、相互扶助を目的とした露天商の連絡親睦団体として全国の各地域に存在する。
English: Takamono (literally 'high thing') are so called because, in contrast with korobi or sanzun selling on the ground, they were big makeshift buildings (theaters) with stages and floors.
Japanese: 高物（たかもの）は転びや三寸が地面で商売するのに対し、大掛かりに仮設建築として床を持つ小屋を作る（見世物小屋）舞台や床などがあるのでこのように呼ばれる。
English: They showed acts by acrobats and magicians, as well as other entertainment such as haunted houses, and most takamono were affiliated with the National Temporary Entertainment Association.
Japanese: 見世物小屋で軽業師、手品師などの見世物やお化け屋敷などの興行を運営し、高物（たかもの）の多くは全国仮設興行組合に加盟していた。
English: Circuses were also at one stage affiliated with the National Temporary Entertainment Association since they were operated by its members, who had adopted them from abroad.
Japanese: サーカスも元はこれらの興行師が海外から取り入れ運営していたので加盟していた時代があったとされる。
English: The times and entertainments offered may have changed, but there are still many companies in the entertainment industry whose names end in 'Kogyobu' and whose roots lie in takamono.
Japanese: 代目や商売の内容は代わっているが現在でも活動している「○○興行部」と呼ばれる興行プロの源流が高物である場合も多い。
English: The performers were known as 'hippari' (pullers) in the secret language of the tekiya.
Japanese: 的屋の世界では、この興行を行う者（興行師）を「引張り」という隠語で呼称する。
English: The attracting of customers through the use of certain magic tricks or a style of banter known as tanka (literally 'caustic words'); also includes tankabai (selling by tanka).
Japanese: 啖呵売（たんかばい）もこれに含まれ、啖呵口上や一種の手品や奇術を使い客寄せをする。
English: Since many people gather to watch the shows, they are often held in large spaces away from the main areas (good locations also require high rental fees so are often avoided) and are so called because they occupy a lot of space.
Japanese: 客寄せする技術があり人がたくさん集まるので、目抜きから離れた広い場所で行う事が多く（良い場所は庭場料も高いのでそれを避ける意味合いもある）大きな場所占めるのでこの様に呼ばれる。
English: The term also includes 'gama no abura uri,' 'nankin tama sudare', and 'banana no tatakiuri' (a seller who sells bananas at a greatly reduced price with a showy performance).
Japanese: 「ガマの油売り」や「南京玉簾」や「バナナの叩き売り」などがこれに含まれる。
English: As the name implies, these are small stalls that sell candy and other small items (collectively known as 'komamono,' or 'tiny things; the opposite is 'aramono').
Japanese: 文字通り間口が小さな店が多く、飴などに代表される小間物（細かい、小さい物の事を指す。反対の言葉として荒物がある）を扱う事からもこの様に呼ばれる。
English: They were originally stalls run by common people such as Lotus Leaf traders and botefuri (peddlers who carried wares hanging from a pole) during markets and fairs.
Japanese: 元は市や縁日で蓮の葉商いや棒手振といわれる庶民の街商であったといわれる。
English: They are traditional tekiya with strong connections to local areas having some acquired rights and are usually given priority over other tekiya.
Japanese: 伝統的な的屋で地域密着であり地元の人々が行っていて既得権があるので、一般の的屋よりその地域においてはいろいろな条件面で優先される事が多い。
English: As the name implies, these are tekiya that sell plants and remains a side business of many gardeners even to this day.
Japanese: 文字通り植木を専門に売る的屋であり、元々は植木屋や現在でも植木屋と兼業する者も多い。
English: Scaffolders and gardeners still have vested rights in local Tori no Ichi (open-air markets), Asagao Ichi (Morning-glory fairs), and Hagoita Ichi (battledore fairs), as well as in the selling of decorations for New Year and bamboo for Tanabata festival.
Japanese: とび職や植木屋などは現在でも既得権として、地元限定で酉の市や朝顔市や羽子板市などまたは、正月のお飾りや七夕の竹、笹などを販売している。
English: Until recently, the 'Shinno Association' and 'Stall Holders Union' provided mutual aid for itinerant tekiya.
Japanese: 近年までは旅回りの的屋の相互扶助を目的とした「神農会」や「街商組合」が機能していたとされる。
English: These organizations formed from the idea of sharing and helping people who face hardship during travels.
Japanese: 旅においての不便や苦労を、互いに助け合うという精神の発露から、この様な組織が出来たといえる。
English: Usually, several shops form a group and travel around local fairs but, in old towns in urban areas, some groups do business at the festivals which held in the main towns at the fair dividing on days which there is a one and six, two and eight, three and seven, and five and ten (four and nine are considered unlucky so even tekiya close on those days), and some only travel to irregular, limited-period fairs other than annual events, such as summer festivals, New Years or cherry blossom viewing festivals.
Japanese: 一般的には数件の店が一つのグループを作り、地方の縁日などを回っているが、都心の古くからある地域では一と六、二と八、三と七、五と十（四と九は縁起が悪いのと休みは的屋にも必要）の付く日で縁日を主要な町々で分けており、夏場や正月や花見など年中行事以外の限られた日数だけ地方に赴く団体もある。
English: In addition, many groups of tekiya do not travel far in order to reduce transportation and lodging costs.
Japanese: また、移動や宿泊の経費が大きくなり遠隔地に出かけずにいる的屋の団体も多いとされる。
English: While the number of people attending festivals and fairs is decreasing, the number of events such as flea markets, run by various organizations and held in municipally managed parks and recreation halls, is on the rise.
Japanese: 現在は祭礼や縁日に人出が減ったのに比べ、自治体が管理する公園や遊技場において各種団体が主催するフリーマーケットなどが多くなっている。
English: As a result, the number of people who do not own local shops, but run stalls as a hobby, a sideline or a business is increasing.
Japanese: このため、地元の商店や店舗を持たない者が、副業や趣味または企業として露天での販売を行う姿も多くなっている。
English: As time has passed, the number of people with the skill to bring out the special traditional atmosphere (hare) of tekiya has decreased, leading some people to yearn for them.
Japanese: 時代の変遷と共に、伝統的な的屋の非日常（ハレ）の場独特の雰囲気を演出する技量を持つ者も少なくなり、懐かしむ声も聞かれる。
English: In contrast, there are flea markets, such as the 'handmade' markets held on Sundays across Japan, that local people joined and are run by local municipalities or businesses, though these are unlike the traditional festivals by common people organized by temples and shrines and run by professional tekiya.
Japanese: それに対し、寺社が主催し的屋という専門職が演出し庶民による伝統的な祭りとは違う、自治体や企業が主催し地域住民が参加する「手作り」の日曜マーケットなどの蚤の市が全国的に広く開催されている。
English: It has been pointed out that such markets do not have traditional or cultural associations and there is a fear that 'markets could take over and festivals will face extinction.'
Japanese: そのマーケットといわれるものが、伝統、文化的背景が無い事に懐疑的な見方をする声もあり、また「マーケットが台頭し祭りが廃れる」のではないかと危惧する声も聞かれる。
English: Only time will tell if tekiya exist solely because of 'festivals' or if they will lose their culture and traditional backgrounds by adapting to these new markets.
Japanese: 的屋と呼ばれる人々が「祭り」だけで成り立つのか、マーケットという新しい商圏に取り込まれ、伝統、文化的背景を無くしていくのか今後の時代の変遷が見守られる。
English: These are Chinese chestnuts, traditionally imported via Tianjin harbor, mixed with sugar and roasted together with small stones.
Japanese: -伝統的に天津市港が海外出荷拠点であったシナグリとキザラを混ぜたものを、小石に混ぜて煎ったもの。
English: Plastic masks of popular characters from anime, video games, and special effect films, and so on, are sold.
Japanese: -プラスチック製のアニメ・ゲーム・特撮等の人気キャラクターのものを販売する。
English: There are also stalls that sell food and festival goods such as lottery tickets, ginko nuts and sweet acorns, which were originally sold as seasonal good luck charms (what was traditionally called the Lotus Leaf Trade) and are often found at fairs.
Japanese: その他、籤や銀杏、椎などの元は時節や節気の縁起物である食品や祭礼用の品を売る屋台（古くは蓮の葉商いといった）などが縁日などではお馴染み深い。
English: The fish are usually those weeded out by breeders of expensive goldfish and, as such, usually die after one night but can grow to a good size when well looked after.
Japanese: 大抵は高級金魚養殖の選抜で間引かれた個体で、一晩で死んでしまうことも多いが、育て方が上手だと結構良い形に成長する。
English: In most cases, this was a means to get rid of male chicks, which have a low commercial value for poultry farms.
Japanese: -養鶏場で商品価値の低い雄のひよこの処分手段として売られているケースが殆ど。
English: They were sprayed with colored ink and sold as 'Colored Chicks;' occasionally quail chicks were also sold.
Japanese: スプレーで着色し「カラーひよこ」と称して売ったり、稀にウズラの子などを売るものもあった。
English: The appeal of these animals meant that they were a common sight, although they are not often seen these days.
Japanese: かわいらしい生き物ということで、定番となっていたが近年は余り見かけなくなった。
English: They can routinely be found at stalls in the Philippines, although they became a social problem due to people not being able to raise them or getting complaints from neighbors.
Japanese: フィリピンでは出店で日常的に見られるが、飼育する上で育てきれない場合や近隣からの苦情などで社会問題になった。
English: Umi hozuki (a kind of sea nail), winter cherries, morning glories, or small potted plants that are considered to be good luck plants.
Japanese: -海ほおずきやホオズキ,朝顔や小さな鉢植えなど縁起のいいとされるもの。
English: These are insects that are favored by adults for their sounds, liked by children, or are comparatively rare, such as suzumushi (bell crickets), long-horned grasshoppers (or Japanese katydids), Japanese rhinoceros beetles, stag beetles, mizukamakiri (Chinese water scorpions), and tagame (giant water bugs).
Japanese: -鈴虫やキリギリス、かぶと虫やくわがた虫、ミズカマキリやタガメなど大人の好事家（音色を楽しんだ）や子供が好きなものや比較的珍しいものなど。
English: Mint-flavored sugar-based placoid snacks with a picture of an animal or a character printed on them, which people buy and then cut out the picture.
Japanese: -動物やキャラクターなどの絵柄がプリントされた、ハッカ味で板状の砂糖菓子を買い、絵柄通りにカタ抜きをしていく。
English: Though not so common nowadays, they also used to use bows and arrows or blow guns.
Japanese: 最近ではあまり見られなくなったが、古くは弓矢や吹き矢を使うこともあった。
English: Recently, some stalls hang the prizes on thin strips of paper and customers use water guns to soak the paper and make the prizes drop.
Japanese: 近年では商品を薄い紙で吊るし、水鉄砲を使いその紙紐を濡らして商品を落とすといった射的もある。
English: Small animals, insects, fresh water fish (eels or crucian carp) are raced along a straight course with bets placed on which will win, though customers gathered not because they were interested in the race but because the animals themselves were interesting or funny.
Japanese: -小動物や昆虫や淡水魚（ウナギやフナ）などを使い直線コースのレースを行い勝敗を予想させるものでレースよりも出走する生き物が珍しかったり面白いので客が集まった。
English: There are stalls nowadays where customers can exchange an item already received plus the price of another ticket for a higher quality prize.
Japanese: 最近では一回やって貰った物と、もう一回分の金額でワンランク上の物と変えてくれる屋台もある。
English: This is a raffle where the prizes are attached to strings which are then bundled together so that the customer does not know what prize they will win when they pull the string.
Japanese: -紐の先に色々な景品が結び付けられており全ての紐を一ヶ所に束ねている為、何が当たるか判らないという工夫をした、紐を使ったくじ引き。
English: This is a simple game where prizes are given numbers, the numbers are placed in envelopes and the customer chooses an envelope.
Japanese: -封筒の中に商品の番号を書いた紙を入れておき客に引かせる単純なもの。
English: They used to use tame Japanese sparrows and common finches to select the envelope, which usually contained a 'fortune slip' instead of a raffle ticket
Japanese: もとは、文鳥や十姉妹といった小鳥を使い手なずけて封筒を引かせる見世物でくじ引きだけではなく「おみくじ」が主だった。
English: It is said that there are only a few people in Japan that use birds for this kind of fortune telling.
Japanese: 鳥を使ったおみくじの見世物をする人は日本に数人しかいないといわれる。
English: It is common to see fortune telling using Japanese sparrows in night stalls in Taiwan even now, but it is unclear whether was imported from Japan when Taiwan was a Japanese colony or whether it was originally Taiwanese.
Japanese: 台湾では現在でも夜市などで文鳥占いを一般的に見る事が出来るが、日本統治時代に伝わった物か元々台湾が起源なのかは定かでない。
English: This is a handmade game where customers try to get a ball in goals labeled first prize, second prize, third prize or a booby prize; it was the foundation of pachinko and smart ball, and nowadays often uses old pachinko machines.
Japanese: -パチンコやスマートボールの原型となったもので自作のもので一等、二等、三等、スカなどのゴールを作り、玉の入った先で商品の当たり外れを楽しむといった遊戯で、現在では古くなったパチンコ台を利用していることが多い。