nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: On the other hand, when a person adopted from a different family succeeded a daimyo family, the new family head, who was used to the tradition of his family home, might possibly have not fitted into the kafu in the daimyo family he was adopted by, and he might have quarreled with the retainers to cause family troubles.
Japanese: 一方、他家からの養子が大名家を継承した場合には、実家の家風になじんだ新当主が養子先の家風に慣れずに家臣たちと反目して御家騒動に至る可能性もあった。
English: Harunori UESUGI, who was adopted from the Akizuki family, had been told cautiously by the karo of his home Akizuki family not to be against the manner of the Uesugi family.
Japanese: 秋月家から養子に入った上杉治憲は実家の秋月家家老から上杉家の作法に背かないことの訓戒を受けている。
English: Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, who was adopted from the Tayasu family, had been told cautiously by the karo of his home Tayasu family not to invite antipathy from the people in the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira family by showing off the kafu of the Tayasu family.
Japanese: 田安家から養子に入った松平定信は実家の田安家の家老から田安家の家風をひけらかして久松松平家の人々の反感を買わないように訓戒を受けている。
English: In the Meiji period and later, along with the formation of several zaibatsu (company syndicates), kaken and kakun were known to be established in order to maintain the management mainly by the head family, including family members and executive officers.
Japanese: 明治時代以後、財閥の確立とともに本家を中心とした一族及び幹部による経営体制を維持するために家憲・家訓が制定されたことが知られている。
English: This was done regardless of whether the family was a shoka (mercantile house) since the Edo period or was a newly-emerging house in the Meiji period or later; it was said that the kafu in the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, in which the president had a strong power, the Mitsui zaibatsu, in which there was a strong relationship between the head family and the general manager (executive officer), and in the Sumitomo zaibatsu, in which the general manager (executive officer) was given an important post, was 'ifuku' (awe), 'kosho' (attendant of a noble person), and 'keiai' (to love and respect), respectively.
Japanese: これは江戸時代以来の商家、明治以後の新興を問わずに行われ、社長の権限の強い三菱財閥では「畏服」、本家と番頭（幹部）のつながりが強い三井財閥では「扈従」、番頭（幹部）が重用される住友財閥では「敬愛」が家風と言われた。
English: The idea of kafu also penetrated through general families together with the notion of family system, and expulsion of a son's wife who expressed disobedience to her husband or in-laws was justified as a reason for divorce.
Japanese: また、家制度とともに「家風」の考え方は一般家庭にも浸透し、夫やその両親に反抗する「家風に合わない」嫁の放逐は離婚の正当な理由とされた。
English: After the World War II, with the collapse of the family system and the trend toward the nuclear family being in progress, the idea of kafu has been changing and disappearing rapidly.
Japanese: 戦後、家制度の解体や核家族化の進行とともに家風の変質・消滅が急速に進んでいる。
English: The Japanese foods boom indicates the situation that Japanese food is extolled by foreigners living in countries and regions other than Japan
Japanese: 日本食ブームとは、日本以外の諸国・地域において日本食が現地の人々に持て囃される状態を指す。
English: According to the data released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in November, 2006, the number of Japanese restaurants stood at 10,000 in North America and between 15,000 and 20,000 in the rest, totaling from 25,000 to 30,000 worldwide.
Japanese: 日本食レストラン店舗数は、2006年11月の日本の農林水産省資料によれば、北米10,000店、その他15,000ないし20,000店、合計25,000ないし30,000店を数える。
English: "Nihon-shoku restaurant" is a Japanese equivalent of English "Japanese Restaurant," which refers to the restaurant serving Japanese foods in countries and regions other than Japan,.
Japanese: 日本食レストランはJapaneseRestaurantの日本語訳で、日本以外の諸国・地域において日本食を提供するレストランを指す。
English: The concept of Japanese foods stated herein is broader than that of Japanese cuisine or Japanese style dishes for its various menu.
Japanese: ここで言うところの日本食とは、日本料理・和食よりも料理の範囲が幅広い概念である。
English: The terms "Japanese cuisine" and "Japanese style dishes" implicate the 'traditional' Japanese cuisine.
Japanese: 日本料理や和食という語には「伝統的な」日本料理という意味合いがある。
English: However, Japanese restaurants overseas serve not only Japanese dishes with tradition and history, but also relatively new dishes ranging from teppanyaki (foods grilled on an iron plate), teriyaki (grilling with soy sauce and sugar), curry and rice, pork cutlet on rice and ramen (Chinese soup noodle) to American-style sushi roll like California roll, which were created by mixing various ideas extracted from the foods culture of Japan and others.
Japanese: しかし日本国外の日本食レストランで提供される料理には、歴史がある伝統的な日本料理ばかりでなく、鉄板焼き、照り焼き、カレーライス、カツ丼、ラーメンから、カリフォルニアロールを始めとするアメリカ式巻物類にいたるまで、比較的近年になって日本以外の食文化と融合して出来た料理も含まれる。
English: This situation suggests that applying the Japanese equivalent "Nihon-ryori-ten" (restaurant serving traditional Japanese cuisine) to the English "Japanese Restaurant" is inconsistent, with the result that the Japanese term "Nihon-shoku restaurant" was seemingly created spontaneously.
Japanese: このため、Japaneserestaurantを日本料理店と訳すには違和感があり、自然発生的に日本食レストランという用語が生まれたと思われる。
English: However, people in the cultural areas other than Japan pay little attention to the traditional and historical backgrounds of the foods, equating "traditional Japanese cuisine" and "Japanese style dishes" with "Japanese cuisine" or "Japanese food."
Japanese: 一方、日本以外の国・地域の文化圏の者から見れば、伝統的とか歴史が浅いとかは重要なことではなく、日本料理も日本食もJapanesecuisineまたはJapanesefoodである。
English: With the popularization of sushi, some Asian foods restaurants have set up a sushi bar, naming themselves "〇〇Chinese Restaurant & Sushi Bar" or "Korean Barbecue & Sushi Bar."
Japanese: 寿司が普及するにつれて、他のアジア料理店が店内に寿司バーを設け、〇〇チャイニーズ・レストラン＆スシバーとか、コリアン・バーベキュー＆スシバーと名乗ったりした。
English: Similarly, some seafood restaurants have listed sushi and sashimi (fresh slices of raw fish) on the menu.
Japanese: シーフード・レストランが寿司や刺身をメニューに入れるケースも見られるようになった。
English: Moreover, some managers of restaurant blatantly insert the name of their hometown in that of their restaurants, such as Sushi Siam (Siam is an old name of Thailand) or Sushi Saigon.
Japanese: また、SushiSiam（Siamはタイの古い名称）とかSushiSaigonなど、経営者が堂々と自分の出身地を店名に入れているケースもある。
English: The foods served at restaurants entitled 'Japanese restaurant' are infinitely various, which may suggest the advent of a borderless age.
Japanese: 今や「日本食レストラン」と言っても内容は千差万別で、ボーダーレス時代が到来したと言えよう。
English: However, the U.S. designed American-style sushi roll like California roll accounts for about 80 percent of the order for sushi, while nigirizushi (sushi shaped by hand), a traditional sushi in Japan, accounts for 20 percent.
Japanese: 但し、寿司の注文の八割ほどはアメリカ合衆国で考案されたカリフォルニアロールなどの巻物で、日本の伝統的な寿司の一つである寿司握り寿司は二割。
English: Tempura (Japanese deep-fried dish), teriyaki of chicken or salmon, teppanyaki, yakitori (grilled chicken), udon (Japanese wheat noodle), soba (buckwheat noodle), shabushabu (a hot-pot dish of thinly sliced meat), yakiniku (grilled meat), ramen, curry and rice, and semi-Western cooking (called "fusion") are also listed on the menu.
Japanese: その他のメニューは、天ぷら、チキンやサーモンのテリヤキ、鉄板焼き、焼き鳥、うどん、蕎麦、シャブシャブ、焼肉、ラーメン、カレーライス、和洋折衷の料理（フュージョンと称する）などである。
English: With the rapid economic growth in Japan, Japanese restaurants were opened worldwide one after another in the 1950s.
Japanese: 1950年代、日本の高度成長が始まるにつれて、世界各地に日本食レストランが出来始めたが、
English: However, only representatives working at overseas branches of Japanese companies, Japanese tourists, and Japanese descents living overseas visited those restaurants.
Japanese: その客層は現地に進出した日本企業の駐在員、日本人旅行者、現地の日系人に限られていた。
English: As Teppanyaki served at Benihana Restaurant opened in New York in 1964 became popular by targeting the American, Benihana Corp. opened similar restaurants one after another all over the United States.
Japanese: 1964年にニューヨークに開店した紅花(飲食業)の鉄板焼きは、アメリカ人をターゲットに定めて成功し、その模倣店が全米に続出した。
English: However, this popularity was not called a boom because teppanyaki was not regarded as an original Japanese cuisine.
Japanese: しかし鉄板焼きは本来の日本料理ではないことからブームとは呼ばれなかった。
English: The situation changed in around 1976, when the American were preoccupied with a health trend, showing deep interest in the healthy eating habits.
Japanese: 状況が変化したのは、アメリカ人が健康志向になり、ヘルシーな食生活に関心が高まっていた1976年ごろである。
English: In Los Angeles, eating sushi at Japanese restaurants was valued as an up-to-date lifestyle.
Japanese: ロサンゼルスでは日本食レストランで寿司を食べることが先端的ライフスタイルとなった。
English: The driving force of this trend was the people belonging to the higher-income bracket, such as movie stars, singers, lawyers and doctors.
Japanese: その中心的存在は映画俳優や歌手、弁護士、医者などの高所得者層であった。
English: Leapfrogging to New York all at once, the trend finally spread all over the U.S. in the beginning of the 1980s, when the mass media started to deal with the phenomenon eagerly.
Japanese: そのトレンドはたちまちニューヨークに飛び火し、1980年代初めには全米各地に広まって、マスコミが盛んに取り上げるようになった。
English: Although the trend was newly called "Sushi boom," the sushi that the American mainly ate in those days was American-style sushi roll like California roll designed in the United States.
Japanese: 寿司ブームとはいっても、アメリカ人が主に食べたのは、アメリカで考案されたカリフォルニアロールなどの巻物（ロール）であった。
English: The boom was accelerated following the announcement of "Dietary guidelines in the U.S." (a guidance aimed at improving the dietary habits) by the federal government in 1977.
Japanese: ブームを加速させたのは、1977年に連邦政府が発表した食生活改善指導（食生活指針アメリカ）である。
English: Amid the loud calls for reducing the medical expense to reduce the budget deficit, the federal government exhorted the nation to decrease the intake of fat and cholesterol as well as to take lots of proteins and carbohydrates.
Japanese: 財政赤字縮小のために医療費削減が叫ばれ、連邦政府は脂肪分やコレステロールの摂取を減らし、蛋白質や炭水化物を多くとるよう勧めた。
English: As the dietary habits exhorted in the guideline completely agreed with those of the Japanese descents, Japanese foods came to attract considerable attention.
Japanese: その指導内容はまさに日系人の食生活そのものだったことから、日本食が広く注目されるようになった。
English: On the other hand, it was a favorable wind for the sushi boom that the reliability on the Japanese-made products was fostered in the minds of American, which was realized through the appreciation for the high-quality of the high-tech products made in Japan such as automobiles, cameras and home appliances.
Japanese: 一方、車、カメラ、家電製品など日本のハイテク製品の高品質が評価され、日本製品に対する信頼感が生まれたことも寿司ブームに幸いした。
English: The sushi boom in the United States spread across Europe in the late 1980s, and then spread to Latin America, the Middle East, Asian countries, and Australia and so on.
Japanese: 米国の寿司ブームは1980年代後半に欧州に伝播し、その後中南米、中近東、アジア、豪州などに広がった。
English: Because the boom started from the United States, customers in each country mainly ordered the American-style sushi roll like those in the United States.
Japanese: ブームが米国から始まったために、各国とも米国と同様、客の注文は巻物が主体となっている。
English: People visiting the sushi restaurant came to show their interests not only in sushi but also in other Japanese foods, with the result that the sushi boom developed into the boom of all Japanese foods.
Japanese: 寿司店にやってくる人々は、寿司ばかりでなく、そのほかの日本食にも興味を示すようになり、寿司ブームは日本食全般のブームに発展した。
English: The expansion of the Japanese foods boom enhanced the local production of the ingredients used for cooking or tasting Japanese foods, realizing the production of soy sauce, miso (bean paste), tofu (bean curd), sake (Japanese liquor), beer, etc. in the United States, Australia and other countries.
Japanese: 日本食ブームの進展は、日本の食材の現地生産を促し、醤油、味噌、豆腐、日本酒、ビールなどが米国や豪州などで生産されるようになった。
English: These foodstuffs are exported to various areas like Europe along with the rice produced in the United States.
Japanese: これらの食品類はアメリカ産のコメとともに欧州など各国に輸出されている。
English: The American who were unsatisfied with the sake produced in the United States came to drink jizake (local sake) produced in Japan, which has triggered the jizake boom since around 1997.
Japanese: 現地産の日本酒に飽き足らないアメリカ人は日本産の地酒を飲むようになって、1997年頃から地酒ブームが起きている。
English: The jizake boom increased the demands for dishes matching jizake, particularly semi-Western cooking called "fusion dishes," which resulted in extending the repertory of Japanese foods menu.
Japanese: 地酒ブームはそれに合う料理、特にフュージョン料理のニーズを増やし、日本食メニューのレパートリーを広げる結果をもたらしている。
English: The manager and the chef of Japanese restaurant overseas are mostly local people.
Japanese: 海外諸国の日本食レストランの経営者とシェフは現地の人々が大半を占める。
English: Not knowing the food culture of Japan, they are apt to serve the dishes quite different from original Japanese foods.
Japanese: かれらは日本の食文化を知らないため、本来の日本食とはかけ離れた料理を提供する傾向がある。
English: Moreover, the deficiency of the basic cooking technique peculiar to the Japanese foods not only brings the deterioration in the quality of foods, but also raises concerns over food safety.
Japanese: また、日本料理の基本的調理技術に欠けるので、料理の質の低下を招き、衛生上の懸念もある。
English: With the announcement of a draft titled 'A certification system for Japanese restaurants overseas' in the autumn of 2006, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan, aiming to improve these situations, tried to issue a recommendation mark to the restaurants which were certified (later, the ministry changed its stance from certified to recommended) by the ministry for serving original Japanese foods.
Japanese: こうした問題点を是正するため、日本の農林水産省は2006年秋、「海外日本食レストラン認証制度」案を発表し、本来の日本食を提供する店を認証（後に「推奨」と変更）して推奨マークを交付しようとした。
English: Then, changing its policy to putting emphasis on the spread and enlightenment of Japanese foods and ingredients, the ministry established a nonprofit organization 'Organization to Promote Japanese Restaurants Abroad', an extra-departmental organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in 2007, allowing its branch offices to start work in the main overseas cities.
Japanese: そこで、日本食・日本食材の普及・啓蒙を主たる事業とすることに方針を変更し、2007年に農林水産省の外郭組織であるNPO「日本食レストラン海外普及推進機構」を設立し、海外の主だった都市にその支部を発足させている。
English: Classical rakugo generally includes programs of Rakugo which were created from the Edo to Meiji eras.
Japanese: 古典落語（こてんらくご）とは、落語の演目のうち、一般に江戸時代から明治時代に作られたものを指す。
English: Sosaku Rakugo (a creative rakugo story) is a term coined by a rakugo storyteller of the Kansai region, and Shinsaku rakugo is generally compared with Classical Rakugo.
Japanese: なお、創作落語は関西の落語家による造語であり文献によっても広く古典と対比されるのは新作とされる。
English: Rakugo was created by TSUYU no Gorobe of Kyoto in the Edo era as a light kodan storytelling and tsuji-banashi (also called tsuji-gei, storytelling at crossroads).
Japanese: 落語は、江戸時代、軽めの講談、辻咄（辻芸）として京都の露の五郎兵衛らによって創作された。
English: It was completed by Encho SANYUTEI in the Meiji era, and flourished as public culture along with urbanization and a growing literacy rate.
Japanese: 明治時代になって三遊亭圓朝によって大成され、都市化、筆記化とともに大衆文化として花開いた。
English: After the World War II, it maintained its popularity through radio rakugo theater and TV programs.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後は、ラジオ寄席、TV放映などを通して人気を維持した。
English: However due to loss of classic culture at the public level, the passing away of famous rakugo storytellers, degrading level of successors, and diversification of entertainment, it is getting less popular.
Japanese: しかし、大衆レベルでの古典文化の喪失、名人の死去、後継者のレベル低下、娯楽の多様化などから、人気が衰えつつある。
English: Nevertheless "Tiger and Dragon" of 2005 and drama series (morning drama series "Chiritotechin") of 2007 featuring a program of classical rakugo "Sudofu" became an opportunity for young generations to know rakugo, and there are increasing new fans.
Japanese: しかし、2005年の『タイガー&ドラゴン』や2007年の『酢豆腐』という古典落語を題材とした連続ドラマ（連続テレビ小説ちりとてちん(朝ドラ)）の放送が、若い世代が落語を知る機会となり、新しいファンも増えてきている。
English: As rakugo developed separately in Kamigata and Edo, some programs have different names or are found only in either area.
Japanese: また、上方と江戸で別々に発展したため、以下のように東西によって落語の題名が違ったり、片方にしかない演目がある。
English: Kamigata rakugo is comic storytelling mostly performed in the areas around the prefectures of Osaka and Kyoto.
Japanese: 上方落語（かみがたらくご）とは、大阪府・京都府を中心とする地域で主に演じられる落語。
English: According to "Yose Gakuya Jiten" (Dictionary of Backstage Slang in the Rakugo Theater) by Kurimaru KAGETSUTEI, the term, 'Kamigata rakugo,' first appeared in the nineteenth issue of the journal "Kamigata" published on July 1, 1932.
Japanese: 「上方落語」という言葉は、花月亭九里丸著書の『寄席楽屋事典』によると、1932年（昭和7年）7月1日発行の雑誌『上方』十九号で初めて使われた。
English: Today Kamigata rakugo refers to Osaka rakugo as the Kyoto counterpart died out.
Japanese: 現在では京都落語が衰えてしまったので、大阪落語のことを指して上方落語と呼んでいる。
English: In the mid Edo period TSUYU no Gorobe I in Kyoto and Hikohachi YONEZAWA I in Osaka set up a stage wayside to perform comic stories of their own making for money.
Japanese: 江戸時代中期に、京都の露の五郎兵衛初代や大阪の米沢彦八初代が道端に舞台を設け、自作の噺を披露して銭を稼いだ。
English: Called 'Tsuji-banashi' (storytelling at crossroads) or 'Karukuchi' (humorous stories), this is believed to have been the origin of rakugo.
Japanese: この「辻咄」（つじばなし）や「軽口」（かるくち）とよばれるものが落語の起源といわれている。
English: From the Kansei to the Bunka era, the following storytellers were popular: Shibaso SHIBAYA who had composed joruri (dramatic narratives chanted to shamisen accompaniment) before he became a teller of comic stories as well as Yasuke MATSUDA who, moving from Kyoto to Osaka, performed comic stories in shrines and temples such as Mitama-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 寛政から文化(元号)にかけては浄瑠璃作家から転じた芝屋芝艘や、京都から大阪へ下って御霊などの社地で噺を演じた松田彌助が台頭。
English: The Yasuke family included Yashichi MATSUDA, Yasuke MATSUDA II, and Bunji KATSURA (I) who started 'the Katsura family.'
Japanese: 彌助一門には松田彌七、2代目松田彌助や「桂一門の祖」桂文治(初代)がいた。
English: Among these performers Bunji I is known as the founder of the very first yose theater in Osaka as well as the creator of "shibai-banashi" (kabuki-derived stories) with music, props and stage settings.
Japanese: とりわけ初代文治は大阪で初めて寄席を開き、また声色鳴物道具入りの芝居話を創始したことで知られる。
English: His four pupils, Bunnosuke KATSURA (later Shinzaemon SORORI), Bunto KATSURA (later Bunto TSUKITEI) and Bunzo KATSURA (later Bunshi KATSURA II), and Bundanji KATSURA I, were also hugely popular and gifted.
Japanese: その門下の桂文之助（のち曽呂利新左衛門）、桂文都（のち月亭文都）、桂文三（のち2代目桂文枝）、桂文團治初代も人気・実力ともに高かった。
English: It already existed between the Tenpo and the Ansei era, though details of its founder, Shochiku SHOFUKUTEI, are unknown.
Japanese: 始祖とされる笑富久亭松竹の詳細が明らかでないが、天保～安永期には既に成立した。
English: Four families consisting of these two and the families of Tachikawa and Hayashiya constituted the mainstream of Kamigata rakugo up to the Meiji period.
Japanese: この両門派に立川、林屋（林家）を加えた4門派が明治期までの上方落語の主流を形成していた。
English: The Hayashiya family in Kamigata began when Shozo HAYASHIYA who studied with one of the disciples of Shozo HAYASHIYA in Edo settled in Osaka closer to his hometown Okayama.
Japanese: 上方林屋一門は江戸の林家正蔵の孫弟子に当たる林家正三が故郷岡山に近い大阪に腰を据えたのが発端。
English: Up around the Meiji restoration period it dominated Kamigata rakugo, but was later replaced by the Katsura family.
Japanese: 明治維新前後の時期までは最大勢力であったが、やがて桂一門に取って代わられていく。
English: On the other hand, there was a loud and merry 'school of Sanyu' whose core members were Bunto, Bundanji II (later Bunji KATSURA (VII)), Fukumatsu SHOFUKUTEI I, and Shokaku SHOFUKUTEI III.
Japanese: 他方、文都、2代目文團治（のち桂文治(7代目)）、笑福亭福松初代、笑福亭松鶴3代目らを核とする派手で陽気な「三友派」。
English: During this period Osaka gave rise to many excellent storytellers, including Bunzo KATSURA (III), TSUYU no Goro (I), Bundanji KATSURA III, Somemaru HAYASHIYA II, Shijaku KATSURA I, and Zakoba KATSURA I.
Japanese: この間、大阪では桂文三(3代目)、露の五郎初代、桂文團治3代目、林家染丸2代目、桂枝雀初代、桂ざこば初代などの名人上手を輩出。
English: In Kyoto Shinzaemon SORORI II, Bunnosuke KATSURA in Kamigata and Edataro KATSURA I were popular.
Japanese: 京都では2代目曾呂利新左衛門、桂文之助上方、桂枝太郎初代が活躍した。
English: TACHIBANA no Madoka (I), Enba SANYUTEI II and Sanba OKINAYA V moved from Tokyo to Kyoto to boost the yose theater in Kamigata.
Japanese: また東京から橘ノ圓(初代)、三遊亭圓馬2代目、翁家さん馬5代目らが移住し、寄席を盛り上げた。
English: From the Taisho period to the early Showa, the following storytellers were popular: Harudanji KATSURA, Mikisuke KATSURA (II), Enba SANYUTEI III, Kakitsu TACHIBANAYA II, and Koharudanji KATSURA (who later became a dancer named Yoshibe HANAYAGI).
Japanese: 大正から昭和初期にかけては桂春団治、桂三木助(2代目)、三遊亭圓馬3代目、立花家花橘2代目、桂小春団治（のち舞踊に転じ花柳芳兵衛）らが人気を集めた。
English: They were soon eclipsed by new "manzai" (stand-up comedy) performed by Entatsu YOKOYAMA and Achako HANABISHI.
Japanese: だが、やがて横山エンタツ・花菱アチャコなどの新興の漫才の人気を奪われる。
English: (This is well illustrated by Entatsu and Achako who created "Waseda-Keio Baseball Game" based upon a radio relay of college baseball games).
Japanese: （エンタツ・アチャコがラジオの大学野球の中継から『早慶戦』を作ったのが好例）。
English: It was regarded by Yoshimoto Kogyobu (notably, Shonosuke HAYASHI) as having no commercial value.
Japanese: 吉本興行部（なかんずく林正之助）に商品の価値が無いと見なされた事などがある。
English: In such a situation Harudanji I was the only rakugo storyteller who acquired a number of fans by providing new comic stories.
Japanese: そのなかで、唯一、新しい笑いを提供し多くのファンを獲得したのが初代春團治であった。
English: He greatly influenced today's Kamigata rakugo by his nonsensical mis-en-scene full of gags, using a new medium of musical records.
Japanese: レコードという新しいメデイアをフルに用い、ギャグ満載のナンセンスな演出は今日の上方落語に大きな影響を与えた。
English: At this critical moment Shokaku SHOFUKUTEI (V) and Yonedanji KATSURA (IV) formed a group called 'Rakugo-so.'
Japanese: この危機にあって笑福亭松鶴(5代目)、桂米團治(4代目)らは「楽語荘」というグループを結成。
English: They endeavored to preserve and transmit Kamigata rakugo by organizing the 'Kamigata Rakugo Circle' and launching the journal "Kamigata Comic Stories."
Japanese: 落語会「上方はなしを聞く会」の運営や雑誌『上方はなし』の発行などを通じて上方落語の保存・継承に尽力した。
English: During World War II stand-up comedians and comic-chat artists were sent as 'Warawashi-tai' (Funny Group) to China and other fronts to entertain the soldiers.
Japanese: 戦時中は漫才師、漫談家はわらわし隊などの慰問団で中国などに派遣された。
English: In the war-time period they held rakugo storytelling sessions in Kobe and Kyoto, where air raids were relatively few, for the clientele consisting of the rich and wealthy as well as the geisha.
Japanese: その間は比較的空襲の少なかった神戸や京都などで富裕層や芸者などの客相手に落語会を開いた。
English: For some years after the War, Shokaku V, Yonedanji IV, Kakitsu II and Harudanji KATSURA (II) were based in new engei (entertainment) halls like 'Ebisubashi Shochiku Theater' in South Osaka and 'Fuki' (Yose Theater) in Shinkyogoku, Kyoto.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争終結後の数年間、5代目松鶴、4代目米團治、2代目花橘、桂春団治(2代目)らは大阪ミナミの「戎橋松竹」や京都・新京極の「富貴(寄席)」といった新興の演芸場を拠点とした。
English: Their followers, including Shokaku SHOFUKUTEI (VI) (Shokaku V's son), Beicho KATSURA (III), Harudanji KATSURA (III) (Harudanji II's son), and Bunshi KATSURA (V) united and formed a circle called 'Saezuri-kai' (the Twitters).
Japanese: 彼らの下に参じた笑福亭松鶴(6代目)（5代目松鶴の子）、桂米朝(3代目)、桂春団治(3代目)（2代目春團治の子）、桂文枝(5代目)らは「さえずり会」というサークルを結成し団結。
English: They took part in workshops for young rakugo storytellers such as 'Ebisubashi Sunday School,' 'Takarazuka Rakugo Workshop,' and 'Rakugo Rookies.'
Japanese: 「戎松日曜会」「宝塚落語会」「落語新人会」などの若手勉強会への参加した。
English: They learned traditional comic stories from the following elders who were as good as retired: TACHIBANA no Ento I, Fukumatsu SHOFUKUTEI III, Unosuke KATSURA, Bundanji KATSURA IV, Nanten KATSURA, Buncho KATSURA, Monzaburo MIMASUYA.
Japanese: 初代橘ノ圓都、3代目笑福亭福松、桂右之助、桂文團治4代目、桂南天、桂文蝶、三升家紋三郎ら引退同然だった古老に噺の伝授を乞うた。
English: He made an effort to transmit classical routines by teaching young storytellers in both Kamigata and Tokyo.
Japanese: 上方のみならず東京の噺家にも積極的に稽古をつけるなど古典落語の継承に努めた。
English: He continued to preserve Kamigata rakugo as prevalent in the Meiji period until he died in 1972.
Japanese: 1972年（昭和47年）に没するまで、明治の上方落語を最後まで残した。
English: In Tokyo too, various efforts were made to restore Kamigata rakugo by the following rakugo storytellers: Bunraku KATSURA (VIII), Kinba SANYUTEI (III), Kobunji KATSURA (II) and Hyakusho SANYUTEI (II).
Japanese: また、東京の桂文楽(8代目)、三遊亭金馬(3代目)、桂小文治(2代目)、三遊亭百生2代目らの落語家もさまざまな形で上方落語の復興に助力した。
English: Born in Osaka, Kobunji and Hyakusho were particularly instrumental in introducing Kamigata rakugo to their audiences in Tokyo.
Japanese: 中でも大阪生まれの小文治、百生は東京の観客に上方落語を紹介するなど大きな功績をあげた。
English: Meanwhile, commercial broadcasting was booming, starting with the opening of Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) on September 1, 1951.
Japanese: 一方、1951年（昭和26年）9月1日の毎日放送開局に始まる民間放送ブームが起きた。
English: Eager to improve their programs, the TV stations, including Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), took notice of the difference between 'Kamigata rakugo as program content' and 'rakugo storytellers as TV personalities.'
Japanese: 日本放送協会を含めた各放送局は内容の充実を図って「コンテンツとしての上方落語」と「タレントとしての落語家」に着目。
English: They held rakugo shows linked to their programs and signed exclusive contracts with storytellers.
Japanese: 番組と連動した落語会の主催や、専属タレントとして落語家と契約を交わすなどした。
English: Beicho and Fukuro MORINO I rode on this flow and became famous, positively contributing to the Kamigata rakugo industry.
Japanese: 米朝や初代森乃福郎らがこの流れに乗って知名度を上げたが、これは上方落語界にもプラスに働いた。
English: Based in the Shinsaibashi Street 2-chome Theater in Shinsaibashi, NHK organized the 'Kamigata Rakugo Society' linked to its program 'TV Engei-kai.'
Japanese: NHKは心斎橋の心斎橋筋2丁目劇場を拠点に｢放送演芸会」と連携した「上方落語の会」を開催。