nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Various forces raised troops including MINAMOTO no Mareyoshi of Tosa Province, the father and son, MINAMOTO no Yoshimoto and MINAMOTO no Yoshikane of Ishikawa in Kawachi Province, which was the former base of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), the Toki clan in Mino Province, the Sasaki clan and Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO in Omi Province, Tanzo in Kii Province, the Kono clan in Iyo Province, the Kikuchi clan in Higo Province, and local officials in Wakasa, Echizen and Kaga Provinces.
Japanese: 土佐国の源希義をはじめ、河内源氏のかつての本拠地だった河内国石川の源義基・源義兼父子、美濃国の土岐氏、近江国の佐々木氏、山本義経、紀伊国の湛増、伊予国の河野氏、肥後国の菊池氏らのほか、若狭国・越前国・加賀国の在庁官人など、多くの勢力による挙兵があった。
English: At the same time as Yoritomo raised his forces, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka (Yoshinaka KISO) of Shinano Province raised forces in September 1180, and won the Battle of Yokotagawara in June 1181 and controlled the area from Shinano to Echigo Province.
Japanese: 頼朝の挙兵と同時期の治承4年（1180年）9月、信濃国の源義仲（木曾義仲）が挙兵し1181年6月横田河原の戦いで勝利を収め、信濃から越後国を席巻した。
English: Later, Prince Mochihito's son (Hokurokunomiya), who sought out Yoshinaka, was crowned and the Hokuriku area was brought under his control.
Japanese: その後、義仲を頼って来た以仁王の子（北陸宮）を推戴し、北陸一帯を平定した。
English: To suppress this movement, in December 1180, TAIRA no Shigehira burned down Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples (Nanto Yakiuchi), resulting in strengthening of the resistance against the Taira clan.
Japanese: それを封じるため、治承4年（1180年）12月、平重衡は東大寺・興福寺を焼き討ちにした（南都焼討）が、より一層、平氏への抵抗を強める結果となった。
English: In January 1181, the forces of the Kumano-Sanzan (three temples in the Kumano region) in the Kii Province raised forces and battled with Taira clan troops in Ise and Shima Provinces.
Japanese: 治承5年(1181年)1月には、紀伊国の熊野三山勢力が挙兵して、伊勢国や志摩国で平氏側勢力と交戦するという動きもあった。
English: In February of the same year (a leap year), TAIRA no Kiyomori died from a fever and the Taira clan government lost its strong leader.
Japanese: そうした中の同年閏2月に、平清盛が熱病で没して平氏政権は強力な指導者を失う。
English: However, three months after Kiyomori's death, the Taira clan government again sent a force along the Tokai-do Road to battle with the Kanto government forces and the Taira clan troops won a battle at Sunomata-gawa River in Owari Province (the Battle of Sunomata River).
Japanese: しかし、直後の3月、平氏政権は再び東海道へ追討軍を派遣し、尾張墨俣川で関東政権軍と会戦して平氏軍が勝利を収めた（墨俣川の戦い）。
English: To attack the forces of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, the Taira clan sent a large force led by TAIRA no Koremori and TAIRA no Michinori in April 1183.
Japanese: 源義仲の勢力を討つために、寿永2年（1183年）4月、平氏は平維盛、平通盛率いる大軍を派遣する。
English: The Taira clan troops defeated the rebellion troops in Echizen and Kaga, and in May, they met and lost to Yoshinaka's troops at Kurikara Pass between Kaga and Ecchu Province (the Battle of Kurikawa Pass).
Japanese: 平氏軍は越前、加賀の反乱勢力を破って5月には加賀・越中国境の倶利伽羅峠で義仲軍と対峙したが敗北する（倶利伽羅峠の戦い）。
English: Yoshinaka's forces held Hokurokunomiya as their leader and progressed towards Kyoto and defeated the Kyoto protection line of the Taira clan with attacks from all directions by MINAMOTO no Yukiie, Yukitsuna TADA (MINAMOTO no Yukitsuna)and Yoshisada YASUDA (MIMAMOTO no Yoshisada).
Japanese: 義仲軍は、北陸宮を推戴しながら京都へ進軍して源行家、多田行綱(源行綱)、安田義定(源義定)らの多方面攻撃によって平氏の京都防衛線を破る。
English: In July, members of the Taira clan, with TAIRA no Munemori as their leader, took Emperor Antoku and the Three Sacred Treasures with them when they left Kyoto to escape westward.
Japanese: そして7月、平宗盛を中心とする平氏一門は、安徳天皇や三種の神器を保持しながら都落ちして西国に逃れていく。
English: Initially, everyone from the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, aristocrats, to the local people welcomed the entry of Yoshinaka into Kyoto but the great famine of Yowa the previous year led to insufficient food for Yoshinaka's troops, who then started stealing and became violent, leading to a drop in Yoshinaka's popularity and eventually MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's entry became a common hope.
Japanese: 当初、後白河上皇以下、貴族から庶民まで義仲の入京を歓迎したが、前年の養和の大飢饉の影響により義仲軍を養う食糧が不足して義仲軍は市中で略奪や狼藉を始めたために義仲の評判は落ちて、源頼朝の上洛を願う声が高まっていく。
English: In September of the same year, Yoshinaka's forces left by Sanyo-do Road to attack the Taira clan, but Yoshinaka's forces lost to the Taira clan forces led by TAIRA no Shigehira at Mizushima in Bichu Province (the Battle of Mizushima) in October.
Japanese: 同年9月、義仲軍は平氏追討のため山陽道へ出立して閏10月に義仲軍は備中水島で平重衡率いる平氏軍に敗れる（水島の戦い）。
English: This led to a revival of the Taira clan forces along the Sanyo-do Road, and Yoshinaka returned to Kyoto after many losses.
Japanese: これにより山陽道の平氏勢力が盛り返して義仲は連敗しながら京都に帰還する。
English: Yoritomo was requested by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa to come to Kyoto, but he stayed in Kamakura and asked the Cloistered Emperor to issue an imperial order regarding the return of Kokugaryo (property governed by the local provincial office), and shoen (private estates) in Tokai-do, Tosan-do and Hokuriku-do Roads back to the kokushi (provincial governors) and honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor).
Japanese: 頼朝は、後白河法皇から上洛を催促されたが、鎌倉に留まって逆に法皇へ東海道・東山道・北陸道の国衙領・荘園をもとのように、国司・本所へ返還させる内容の宣旨発布を要請する。
English: As a result, the Cloistered Emperor issued "Juei Ninen ju gatsu no senji," an Imperial order close to the content above, except that Hokuriku-do Road was excluded in order to honor Yoshinaka and gave Yoritomo the right (Sata ken) to return shoen and Kokugaryo in the Tokai-do Road and Tosan-do Road back to their owners.
Japanese: その結果、法皇は義仲への配慮のため北陸道は除いたが、ほぼ上記の内容を認める寿永二年十月宣旨を頼朝へ発して東海道・東山道の荘園・国衙領を元の通り領家に従わせる権限（沙汰権）が頼朝に認められた。
English: Yoritomo already effectively controlled the East country, but this imperial order officially recognized and legitimized Yoritomo's right to rule the East country.
Japanese: 頼朝は、既に実質的に東国を支配していたが、この宣旨発給は、頼朝が東国支配権を政府に公認され、その正統性を獲得したことを意味する。
English: On the other hand, to hold Yoshinaka in check, Yoritomo sent MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune towards Kyoto and the Noriyori/Yoshitsune forces reached Omi Province in the beginning of November.
Japanese: 一方で、頼朝は、義仲に対する牽制として源範頼、源義経らに京都への進軍を命じて範頼・義経軍は11月初めには近江まで到着した。
English: Meanwhile, Yoshinaka, who had lost battles along the Sanyo-do Road, became isolated and broke relations with the Cloistered Emperor immediately after returning to Kyoto and also had some supporters leave him.
Japanese: その間、山陽道で敗北を重ねていた義仲は、京都への帰還直後に法皇との関係が決裂して味方の離反もあり孤立感を深めていった。
English: On November 19, Yoshinaka executed a coup d'etat by capturing the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and after dismissing Regent Motomichi KONOE and close aides of the emperor, he had Moroie MATSUDONO made Regent (the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple).
Japanese: 11月19日、義仲は後白河法皇を幽閉し、摂政近衛基通や院の近臣を更迭した後に松殿師家を摂政に任じるクーデターを行った（法住寺合戦）。
English: As a result, a coalition between the Cloistered Emperor and Yoshinaka was established and in December the Retired Emperor issued an order to Yoshinaka to attack Yoritomo.
Japanese: この結果、法皇と義仲の連携が成立して12月に法皇は義仲に頼朝追討の院宣を発した。
English: In January the next year (1184), Yoshinaka was named "Seii Taishogun" (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") (or "Seito Taishogun," literally, "great general who subdues the eastern barbarians").
Japanese: そして翌3年（1184年）正月、義仲は征夷大将軍（または征東大将軍）に任命された。
English: This was a breakthrough because it meant that bushi may be given political power during emergency.
Japanese: これは緊急時における政治大権を武士に付与することを意味する画期的な事件でもあった。
English: In this situation, on January 20, the troops of Noriyori and Yoshitsune battled against Yoshinaka's troops that were waiting at the suburbs of Kyoto, Seta and Uji, respectively (the Battle of Uji River), and Yoshitsune's troop entered Kyoto and captured the Cloistered Emperor.
Japanese: このような情勢下の1月20日、範頼軍と義経軍は、それぞれ京都近郊の勢多と宇治で待ち受ける義仲軍と交戦して勝利し（宇治川の戦い）、義経軍はそのまま入洛して法皇の身柄を確保した。
English: In the period until Yoshinaka met his end, the Taira clan re-established its influence and by January 1184, they had returned to Settsu Fukuhara.
Japanese: 義仲の滅亡に至るまでの間、平氏は勢力を立て直し寿永3年（1184年）正月には摂津福原まで戻っていた。
English: Noriyori and Yoshitsune's troops who were staying at Kyoto obtained the Imperial Order issued in 1184 by the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and headed from Kyoto to Fukuhara.
Japanese: 京都に駐留していた範頼・義経軍は、後白河上皇による寿永三年宣旨を獲得して京都から福原へ向かう。
English: The Taira clan lost many distinguished warriors in this battle and this adversely affected later battles.
Japanese: この戦いで平氏は多くの有能な武将を失い、後の戦いに大きな影響を及ぼした。
English: Since the Kamakura government troops did not have a naval force, there was a ceasefire while the Minamoto clan organized a navy and the Taira clan built their numbers up again.
Japanese: 鎌倉政権軍は水軍を保有しておらず、源氏方は水軍編成のために、平氏方は兵力再建のために暫く休戦が続いた。
English: After 6 months, in August, Noriyori's troops were progressing along the Sanyo-do Road to attack the Taira clan from the back, but the line was stretched thin and was cut off by TAIRA no Yukimori.
Japanese: 半年が経過した8月、範頼軍は平氏軍を背後からつくため山陽道を進軍したが、長く延びた戦線を平行盛によって分断された。
English: In 1185, Noriyori's forces crossed over to Kyushu, but the situation was not ideal so Yoritomo gave Yoshitsune an order to attack the Taira clan.
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）、範頼軍は九州へ渡ったが、思わしくない戦況に頼朝は義経へ平氏追討の命令を出した。
English: In February, Yoshitsune landed at Kastuura in Awa Province and drew the local bushi to his side and defeated the Taira clan stronghold at Yashima (the Battle of Yashima).
Japanese: 同年2月、義経は阿波勝浦へ上陸後、在地武士を味方に引き入れて陸路屋島の平氏本陣を攻め落した（屋島の戦い）。
English: After the Battle of Yashima, skirmishes continued to occur in the Seto Inland Sea and the battle front went back and forth.
Japanese: 屋島の戦いの後も、瀬戸内海を中心に小規模な戦闘が続いて両者とも一進一退を繰り返していた。
English: However, the Taira clan forces obtained information that Noriyori's troops would get reinforcements, so they decided to retreat to Nagato Province.
Japanese: しかし、範頼軍に援軍が来るという情報を得た平氏軍は長門国へ撤退する戦略を選択する。
English: As a result, the Taira clan forces gave the command of the Seto Inland Sea to the Kanto government forces and Chugoku, Shikoku region bushi such as the Kumano Navy led by Kumano Betto Tanzo and Michinobu KONO's navy started to take the Kamakura government's side.
Japanese: この結果、平氏軍は関東政権軍へ瀬戸内海の制海権を明け渡すこととなり、熊野別当湛増が率いる熊野水軍や，河野通信らの水軍を始めとする中国・四国の武士が続々と鎌倉政権へ味方した。
English: On May 2, 1185, a naval battle between the Taira clan and Kanto government forces was fought (the Battle of Dannoura).
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）3月24日、関門海峡の壇ノ浦で平氏軍と関東政権軍の間で海戦が行われた（壇ノ浦の戦い）。
English: After the betrayal of the Awa Navy, it became clear that the Taira clan was losing, and the Taira clan busho (military commanders) threw themselves into the sea along with Emperor Antoku and TAIRA no Tokiko and the Three Sacred Treasures.
Japanese: 阿波水軍の裏切りもあり平氏の敗色が濃厚となるに従って、平氏の武将は海へ身を投じていき、安徳天皇と平時子も三種の神器とともに入水した。
English: Therefore, members of the old regime (Imperial family members, aristocracy, religious orders) who had lost their privileges to the Taira clan government planned to remove the Taira clan government.
Japanese: このために、平氏政権に権益を奪われた旧勢力（皇族、貴族、寺社）により平氏政権の排除が企図された。
English: In the end, this goal was achieved, but the old regime could not regain all of the privileges that the Taira clan government obtained.
Japanese: 最終的にはそれが成功したのだが、旧勢力は平氏政権が保有していた権益をすべて奪還することはできなかった。
English: The old regime lacked the power (military power) to remove the Taira clan government, it was the warrior class that had that power.
Japanese: 旧勢力に平氏政権を排除する力（軍事力）はなく、その力を持っていたのは武士層であった。
English: Initially, the anti-Taira clan forces that began in the Kanto and Hokuriku regions were acting as the old regime anticipated and it was thought that after the Taira clan government was removed, the country would return to a central government as in the past.
Japanese: 当初、関東や北陸で勃興した反平氏勢力は、旧勢力の期待するところであって平氏政権を排除した後は、それまでの歴史の通りにいずれ中央政府に帰順するものと考えられていた。
English: However, while the anti-Taira clan forces attacked the Taira clan, the real reason was to keep their own rights and privileges and to obtain a certain degree of independence from the central government.
Japanese: しかし、これらの反平氏勢力は平氏追討を建前として掲げてはいたが、本音では自らの権利の確保、そして中央政府からの一定範囲での独立を真の目的としていた。
English: For the old regime, bushi were vassals and not an opponent to treat as an equal.
Japanese: 旧勢力にとっては、武士はあくまで家人であって対等の相手として扱う対象ではなかった。
English: Therefore the old regime could not understand the Eastern bushi's real agenda and lacked foresight when it issued the Imperial Order of October 1183 and named MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka as Seii taishogun with the aim of destroying the Taira clan because it opened up the road to greater rights for the warrior class.
Japanese: そのため、旧勢力は東国武士たちの本音を読みとることができずに目先にある平氏打倒という目的のため、寿永二年十月宣旨の発給や源義仲の征夷大将軍への任命などといった、武士への大幅な権限委譲への道を開いてしまう。
English: The initial Kamakura bakufu only had the right to control the Eastern provinces and this should have been enough for the bushi who were part of the government of that time.
Japanese: 草創期の鎌倉幕府は、東国の支配権を有するのみだったが、それは当時の幕府を構成する武士たちにとって十分満足できる結果だったはずである。
English: However, the politics over rights and the tense relationship between the initial warrior class government and the conventional Imperial Court forces continued, and it was resolved to a certain degree only after the Jyokyu Rebellion.
Japanese: だが、創成期の武家政権と既存の朝廷勢力の権限を巡る駆け引きと緊張関係は引き続き存在し、その一応の解決をみるのは承久の乱以後の事である。
English: The Jisho/Juei Rebellion is often referred to as the "Genpei Gassen" (or "Genpai no tatakai" (battle between the Taira and Minamoto clans)).
Japanese: 治承・寿永の乱は、源平合戦（または「源平の戦い」）と呼ばれることも多い。
English: This term started because the war was considered as a fight between Kiyomori and Munemori of the Taira family and Yoritomo, Yoshitsune, Yoshinaka of the Minamoto clan due to the fact that the war started with Prince Mochihito's call for "destroying the Taira clan," the transition from the Taira clan government to Yoritomo government (Kamkura bakufu), and the effect of stories such as "Heike Monogatari" (The Tales of the Heike) and "Genpei Seisuiki" (The Rise and Fall of the Genji and the Heike) had on the people.
Japanese: この争乱が以仁王の「平氏追討」の令旨に始まること、平氏政権から頼朝政権（鎌倉幕府）に交代したこと、民間レベルでは『平家物語』や『源平盛衰記』などの影響から清盛・宗盛ら平氏一門と頼朝・義経・義仲ら源氏一門の争いと受け取られてきたことなどが、この呼称を生んだといえる。
English: But the forces that were against the Taira clan government were not composed only of members of the Minamoto clan, and therefore it cannot be simply considered as a war between the Taira and Minamoto clans.
Japanese: しかし、平氏政権に反旗を翻した勢力は源氏一族のみで構成されていたわけではなく、単純に源氏と平氏の争いとは言えない。
English: Additionally, this war was a conflict between the ties amongst clan, family, and regional community, and the ties between lords and vassals, and all of the warriors who fought for their lives can not simply be classified into specific clans such as Minamoto or Taira.
Japanese: また、この争乱は、一族や家族、地域の共同体という横の絆と、主君と家臣という縦の絆の相克があり、命を懸けて戦った武士の全てが源氏や平氏という特定氏族に収斂されるわけでもない。
English: In addition, both the Taira clan government and the Yoritomo government had a historic problem, "controlling Insei" (government by cloistered emperors), and were governments that occurred because of this situation, therefore this term is not appropriate historically and it is considered appropriate to add the era/year.
Japanese: 更に、平氏政権も頼朝政権も共に「院政の克服」という歴史的課題を背負い、その中から生じた政権であることなどから、歴史学上はこの呼称は適切とは言えず、年号を付して呼ぶ方が妥当であるとされる。
English: Also, the term 'Genpei Kassen' emphasizes the clans too much and does not explain the complicated relationships within the Minamoto and Taira clans.
Japanese: また、「源平合戦」の呼称は、氏族を強調するあまり、源氏と平氏の氏族内のねじれ関係をうまく説明できない。
English: It is a fact that many Minamoto clan members, such as Nobuyoshi TAKEDA of the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) and MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka of the Kiso clan, raised forces in response to the anti-Taira clan call.
Japanese: 確かに、甲斐源氏の武田信義や木曾の源義仲など、反平氏の掛け声のもとに挙兵をした源氏一族は多い。
English: However, there were some who fought against the Minamoto clan even if they were part of it because of a connection with the Taira clan or an obligation.
Japanese: しかし、源氏一族に属していても、平氏に縁（ゆかり）や義理があって同族に弓を引いた者もいた。
English: Some warriors were Minamoto clan on the paternal side and Taira clan on the maternal side, or vice versa, and there were some who had a hard time deciding, and even families that split in two to fight each other.
Japanese: 父系で見れば源氏だが、母系で見れば平氏、またはその逆という武将も少からずいて、去就に苦慮した者や、一族が2つに分かれて争った者もいる。
English: Stories about conflict within clans are common in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), but it had already started in this period.
Japanese: 一族相克の物語は戦国時代(日本)に多いが、この時代に既に始まっている。
English: Since their start, bushi had stronger ties with their regions than blood relatives, and this rebellion led to the strengthening of regional ties within society in Japan.
Japanese: 武士は発生当初から血縁的要素よりも地縁的要素の強い集団であったが、この乱は日本を一層の地縁社会へと導くことになった。
English: Tokimasa HOJO, Naozane KUMAGAI, Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, Kagetoki KAJIWARA, Yoshizumi MIURA, Tsunetane CHIBA, Hirotsune KAZUSA, and many others.
Japanese: 北条時政、熊谷直実、畠山重忠、梶原景時、三浦義澄、千葉常胤、上総広常　など多数。
English: The "Hokke Ikki" is the religious riot which occurred in Kyoto, of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) around 1532, in Japan.
Japanese: 法華一揆（ほっけいっき）とは、日本の戦国時代(日本)（1532年・天文1年）の京都における宗教一揆。
English: At that time in Kyoto, the Nichiren-sect faith became widespread among the Machi-shu (an elite group of businessmen and artisans) around the Nichiren-sect temples (such as Rokujo Honkoku-ji Temple).
Japanese: 当時、京都では六条本圀寺などの日蓮宗寺院を中心に、日蓮宗の信仰が町衆の大半に浸透した。
English: The Nichiren-sect followers of Machi-shu joined up with the military power of Harumoto HOSOKAWA and set fire to the Ikko sect temples.
Japanese: 日蓮宗徒の町衆は細川晴元らの軍勢と手を結んで一向宗寺院を焼き討ちした。
English: In particular, Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple was the headquarters of the Ikko sect which had Jinai-cho (the temple town) and the monastery enclosed by earthen walls at the Yamashina basin over the Higashiyama.
Japanese: 特に東山を隔てた山科盆地に、土塁に囲まれた伽藍と寺内町を構えていた、一向宗の本拠である山科本願寺。
English: However, a follower of the Nichiren-sect (Hisayosi MATSUMOTO), refuted the preaching of the Hieizan Western tower's priest, and triggered the priest-soldier army of the Tendai sect Hieizan to start destroying the 'Hokke Ikki' in July, 1536 (old lunar calendar).
Japanese: しかし、日蓮宗の宗徒（松本久吉）が比叡山西塔の僧の説法を論破したのをきっかけとして、1536年（天文5年）7月_(旧暦)、天台宗比叡山の僧兵集団が「法華一揆」撃滅へと乗り出す。
English: All followers of the Enryaku-ji Temple (also referred to as Sanmon) gathered together and demanded that the 21 temples of Rakuchu-Hokke, in and around the capital Kyoto, become branch temples of Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 延暦寺(山門)全山の大衆_(仏教)が集合して京都洛中洛外の洛中法華21ヶ寺に対して延暦寺の末寺になるように迫った。
English: They did so by forcing them to pay money in return for allowing them to continue to be within their present sects.)
Japanese: 現在の宗派のままでの存続を許す代わりに上納金を納めさせて支配下に置いた。
English: However, when this was rejected, Enryaku-ji Temple sought permission for the subjugation of the Hokke sect from the Emperor Gonara.
Japanese: だが、これを拒否されると、延暦寺は後奈良天皇に法華宗討伐の許可を求める。
English: This was done while making alliances with the opposing Enjo-ji, To-ji, Kofuku-ji and Hongan-ji Temples and staying neutral.
Japanese: 一方で、敵対していた園城寺・東寺・興福寺・本願寺と同盟を結んで中立を取り付けた。
English: Then, approximately 60,000 monk soldiers advanced on to the city of Kyoto, and the 21 head temples of the Nichiren sect, inside and outside of the capital Kyoto, were burnt down (Tenmon Hokke no Ran or War of Tenmon Hokke).
Japanese: それから約6万の衆徒で京都市中に押し寄せ、京都洛中洛外の日蓮宗寺院21本山はことごとく焼き払われた（天文法華の乱）。
English: Furthermore, the initial fire caused a larger fire, which is said damaged an area of Kyoto surpassing the damage done in the Onin War.
Japanese: 更にその火が大火を招き、京都は延焼面積では応仁の乱に勝る被害を受けたとも言う。
English: In 1542, an imperial sanction allowed them to return to Kyoto, and later, the 15 head temples of Nichiren sect were rebuilt.
Japanese: 1542年（天文11年）に京都帰還を許す再勅許が下り、後に日蓮宗寺院15本山が再建された。
English: There was a confrontation between the Retired Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga, but it resulted in the Retired Emperor Heizei's becoming a monk due to Emperor Saga's quick mobilization of soldiers.
Japanese: 平城天皇と嵯峨天皇とが対立するが、嵯峨天皇側が迅速に兵を動かしたことによって平城上皇が出家して決着する。
English: Because it was thought that FUJIWARA no Kusuko and her elder brother had taken leading roles in this incident, it has usually been referred to as the 'the Kusuko Incident.'
Japanese: なお、この乱の名称について、かつては藤原薬子らが中心となって乱を起こしていたものと考えられて「薬子の変」という名称が一般的であった。
English: However, some have concluded that this incident occurred because in the Daijo tenno (retired emperor) system under the Ritsuryo system sovereign power was divided, and the expression 'the Incident of the Retired Emperor Heizei' has been used in some high school textbooks since 2003.
Japanese: しかしながら、律令制度下の太上天皇制度が王権を分掌していることから事件が起きたという評価がなされるようになり、2003年頃から一部の高校用教科書では「平城太上天皇の変」という表現がなされるようになっている。
English: It is said that this was the will of their father Emperor Kanmu, who believed a hereditary imperial succession would be difficult, considering Emperor Heizei's being in poor health and his children still being young.
Japanese: これは平城天皇が病弱でその子供達も幼かった事を考えて嫡流相続による皇位継承を困難と見た父・桓武天皇の意向があったともいわれている。
English: But there was an incessant string of disputes over the imperial succession inside the court, such as the emperor's brother by a different mother, Imperial Prince Iyo, being framed with the crime of plotting a rebellion and driven to death the next year.
Japanese: だが、翌年には早くも天皇の異母弟伊予親王が突然謀反の罪を着せられて死に追い込まれるなど、皇位継承を巡る宮廷内部の紛争は収まる事を知らなかった。
English: When Emperor Heizei was stricken by disease in April, 809, he decided to abdicate the throne to keep out of harm's way because he thought the ghosts of Imperial Prince Sawara and Imperial Prince Iyo had caused his sickness.
Japanese: 809年4月、平城天皇は発病し、病を早良親王や伊予親王の亡霊によるものと考えた天皇は禍を避けるために譲位を決意する。
English: Although FUJIWARA no Kusuko of the Handmaid's Office (Naishi no Tsukasa), who had been in the emperor's favor and extremely domineering, and her brother FUJIWARA no Nakanari opposed it tooth and nail, the emperor's will was so strong that he abdicated the throne on April 13 of the same year, and Imperial Prince Kamino acceded to the throne.(Emperor Saga)
Japanese: 天皇の寵愛を受けて専横を極めていた内侍司藤原薬子とその兄藤原仲成は極力反対するが、天皇の意思は強く、同年4月13日に譲位して神野親王が即位する（嵯峨天皇）。
English: Since Emperor Saga tried to change the system of kansatsushi (inspectors in charge of surveying the misery of the people) that had been established during Emperor Heizei's reign, it enraged the Retired Emperor Heizei and there occurred a conflict called nisho chotei (two Imperial Courts existing at the same time).
Japanese: 平城上皇が天皇のときに設置した観察使の制度を嵯峨天皇が改めようとしたことから平城上皇がこれを怒り二所朝廷といわれる対立が起こる。
English: Emperor Saga established the office of Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) in March, and discontinued kansatsushi and restored Sangi (councillor) in June.
Japanese: 嵯峨天皇は3月に蔵人頭を設置し、6月には観察使を廃止して参議を復活した。
English: While the conflict between the two Imperial Courts existing at the same time was getting deeper and deeper, the Retired Emperor Heizei gave an imperial edict about discontinuing the Heian-kyo capital and moving the capital back to Heijo-kyo on September 6 (according to the old calendar).
Japanese: 二所朝廷の対立が深まる中で、9月6日(旧暦)、平城上皇は平安京を廃して平城京へ遷都する詔勅を出した。
English: This was an unexpected event for Emperor Saga, and as a temporary measure, he appointed SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu and KI no Taue as zogushi (palace construction officer).
Japanese: このことは嵯峨天皇にとって思いがけない出来事であり、嵯峨天皇はひとまずこれに従うとして坂上田村麻呂、藤原冬嗣、紀田上らを造宮使に任命する。
English: It is thought that Emperor Saga aimed to send people who he trusted as zogushi to try to dissuade the Retired Emperor Heizei.
Japanese: 造宮使として嵯峨天皇に信任されている人々を送り込み牽制しようとしたと考えられる。
English: On September 10 (according to the old calendar), Emperor Saga dispatched envoys, and tightened the local government offices and crossing points in Ise, Omi and Mino provinces.
Japanese: 9月10日(旧暦)、嵯峨天皇は使節を発して、伊勢国、近江国、美濃国の国府と故関を固めさせる。
English: In addition, he captured Nakanari and confined him at uhyoe-fu (Right Division of Middle Palace Guards), and issued an Imperial edict that he would demote Nakanari, deprive Kusuko of her rank at the Imperial Court and made a proclamation announcing their wrongdoings.
Japanese: その上で、仲成を捕らえて右兵衛府に監禁し、仲成を左遷し、薬子の官位を剥奪して罪を鳴らす詔を発した。
English: On September 11 (according to the old calendar), Emperor Saga sent a secret messenger to Heijo-kyo and summoned a few high-ranking officials.
Japanese: 9月11日(旧暦)、嵯峨天皇は密使を平城京に送り若干の大官を召致した。
English: As FUJIWARA no Manatsu and FUNYA no Watamaro had returned to the capital that day, Watamaro, who was considered a supporter of the Retired Emperor Heizei, was incarcerated at saeji-fu (Left division of guards).
Japanese: この日、藤原真夏、文室綿麻呂らが帰京したので、平城派と見られた綿麻呂は左衛士府に禁錮された。
English: The Retired Emperor Heizei was infuriated by Emperor Saga's actions, and he made a firm decision that he himself would go to the eastern provinces and raise an army.
Japanese: 嵯峨天皇の動きを知った平城上皇は激怒し、自ら東国に赴き挙兵する決断をする。