nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Nichiren's treatise, which was soon known across Japan, caused Jodoshu Buddhists, who were angry about his arguments, to attack Nichiren; Tokiyori, who believed in Zen Buddhism, also regarded Nichiren's arguments as political criticism; and as a result, Nichiren was sent to Izu Island the following year.
Japanese: この内容はたちまち内外に伝わり、その内容に激昂した浄土宗の宗徒による日蓮襲撃事件を招いた上に、禅宗を信じていた時頼からも「政治批判」と見なされて、翌年には日蓮が伊豆国に流罪となった。
English: However, in 1268, after Tokiyori died, a sovereign letter from the Mongolian Emperor ordering submission to the Mongolian Empire was delivered to Japan, which led to the attack by the Mongolian army in 1274, following which the regent Tokimune HOJO, who was Tokiyori's son, murdered his older paternal half-brother, Tokisuke HOJO, while there were also signs of conflict between the Retired Emperor Gofukakusa and Emperor Kameyama in the imperial court, and all these events suggested signs of a civil war.
Japanese: ところが時頼没後の文永5年（1268年）にはモンゴル帝国から臣従を要求する国書が届けられて元寇の到来に至り、続いて国内では時頼の遺児である執権北条時宗が異母兄北条時輔を殺害し、朝廷では後深草上皇と亀山天皇の対立の様相を見せ始めるなど、内乱の兆しを思わせる事件が発生した。
English: These developments led Nichiren and his followers to believe that his Rissho Ankoku-ron was a book of prophecy that predicted the future.
Japanese: これを見た日蓮とその信者は立正安国論をこの事態の到来を予知した予言書であると考えるようになった。
English: Gaining confidence in his teachings, Nichiren revised his Rissho Ankoku-ron (enlarged edition) in 1278 and subsequently provided advice to the government twice (three times in total).
Japanese: 日蓮はこれに自信を深め、弘安元年（1278年）に改訂を行い（「広本」）、以後も2回、合わせて3回の「国家諫暁」（権力者への助言）を行うことになる。
English: In these publications, Nichiren made a distinction between three different Chinese characters meaning "nation" ("國," "囻" and "国"; all pronounced "kuni" in Japanese).
Japanese: この中で日蓮は、“くに”という字を“國”“囻”“国”の3字を使い分けた。
English: The first character 國 is presumed to have been used to mean "land," the second character 囻 "nation" and the third character 国 "state."
Japanese: 國はLand、囻はNation、国はStateの義であろうとされている。
English: The Japanese Ritsuryo code mainly defined structures of Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education) and kokugaku (provincial schools), and their teachers and students.
Japanese: 日本の律令法においては、主に大学寮・国学(律令制の教育機関)の仕組や教官・学生について定める。
English: Articles 5 to13 were all related to Myogyodo that dealt with Confucianism (after all, it is thought that at the time of establishing Daigakuryo only a regular course corresponding to later Myokyodo and sanka corresponding to arithmetic virtually existed.
Japanese: という構成となっており、5-13条は全て儒学を扱う明経道に関連した項目である（そもそも、大学寮設置時には、後の明経道に相当する本科と算道に相当する算科しか事実上存在していなかったとみられている）。
English: However, in fact Kidendo (the study of the histories), which did not exist at the birth of daigaku and kokugaku, came to be valued highly, and the educational system of daigaku and kokugaku was changed into Kidendo-oriented one.
Japanese: だが、実際には大学・国学誕生当初には存在しなかった紀伝道が主要科目として重んじられるようになり、大学・国学も紀伝道中心の教育システムに変化していくことになった。
English: Ninki is a general term for tools that were supposedly used by the Ninja (a secret agent in feudal Japan highly skilled in stealth and secrecy).
Japanese: 忍器（にんき）は、かつて忍者達が使用していたであろうと考えられている道具の総称。
English: "Suiki" such as Mizugumo that was related to water, of which their practicality is uncertain, but are thought to be used when a Ninja got over water.
Japanese: 実際は定かではないが水の上を渡る際に用いたと思われる、水蜘蛛（みずぐも）などの水に関連する「水器」。
English: "登器," tools that were used to climb such as Kagibashigo, which was a hook attached to a rope and used when climbing buildings and mountains.
Japanese: 紐の先に鉤針を付けるなどして、建造物や山を登る際に使用される、鉤梯（かぎばしご）などのものを登るための道具「登器」。
English: "開器" such as Tojime that were used when escaping from an enemy, hitching to a sliding door to lock and gain time for an escape.
Japanese: 敵から逃げる際、引き戸にひっかけて動かなくし、逃げる時間を稼ごうと考えられたという戸閉（とじめ）などの「開器」
English: Ninki was mentioned as old as in "Bansen/Mansen Shukai," a Ninjutsu (ninja techniques) strategy book which was written by Yasutake SAMUJI.
Japanese: 古くは藤林左武次保武が書いた忍術兵法書「万川集海」の中でも言及されている。
English: In early Meiji Period the incident occurred and a condemned resuscitated after the execution of hanging in Ishizuchi Prefecture.
Japanese: 石鐵県死刑囚蘇生事件（いしづちけんしけいしゅうそせいじけん）とは、明治時代初期の石鐵県（現在の愛媛県）で絞柱による死刑執行から死刑囚が蘇生した事件である。
English: In Iyo-Matsuyama Domain, from their interpretation of the Ordinance Distinguishing Shinto and Buddhisum issued by central government, a measurement to abolish the hokora (a small shrine), a syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, was created, considering it something impure.
Japanese: 伊予松山藩では中央で発布された神仏分離令の解釈により、神仏習合の祠を「淫らなもの」として廃絶する政策が打ち出された。
English: At that time Katsushige MATSUDAIRA, governor of domain was dismissed from the post and had to go Tokyo, then on August 15, Kuma-yama mountain ・Kume riot was occurred to protest abolishment of hokora and resignation of the governor of the domain.
Japanese: おりしも藩知事であった松平勝成が免職となり上京することになり、8月15日に祠の破却反対と藩知事免職反対を要求する久万山・久米騒動が勃発した。
English: The riot was led by a certain YAMANOUCHI, and about 3,000 people mainly from Kume-gun county (Iyo Province) joined the riot.
Japanese: この騒動の首謀者は山之内某で、久米郡(伊予国)を中心に3000人もの参加者があった。
English: The riot was originally planned to petition but the participants turned into a mob, then they broke into a town hall and torched a land tax office.
Japanese: この騒動は当初は嘆願目的であったが暴徒化し、郡役所に乱入し租税事務所が放火された。
English: Matsuyama domain became Matsuyama prefecture after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) and in November of the same year, the name was changed to Ishizuchi Prefecture due to merger and restructuring.
Japanese: なお、松山藩は廃藩置県により松山県となり、同年11月には合併再編により石鐵県に改称された。
English: Matsuyama domain submitted a letter to the central government to condemn the leader of the riot to death, however the leader was sentenced to penal servitude because he didn't harm law-abiding people.
Japanese: 松山藩は騒動の首謀者を死罪にするため、中央政府に御仕置伺い書を提出したが、良民にたいし危害を加えたわけではないとして徒刑（懲役）の処罰となった。
English: However the two participants of the riot, who set fire were sentenced to ultimate penalty.
Japanese: ただし、騒動参加者のうち放火した2人については極刑との裁きが言い渡された。
English: The Meiji Government issued an edict of Dajokan (Grand Council of state) to replace old methods of capital punishment such as decapitation by hanging in 1870.
Japanese: 明治政府は1870年に斬首など従来の死刑執行方法に代わり絞首刑にすると太政官布告が出された。
English: This equipment had a structure to choke a condemned by tying a rope around his nape of neck, then setting heavy stones corresponding to 20 kan (unit of volume, approx.3.75 kg) (about 75 kg) at the end of the rope.
Japanese: この器具は死刑囚のうなじに縄をかけ、その縄の先に20貫（約75Kg）の重石を吊り下げて絞首する仕組みであった。
English: NOMURA joined specified competitive bidding but didn't want to undertake the job, so he offered an extortionate price, 130 yen for cost of 25 yen, but since it was the lowest price, he won the bid.
Japanese: 野村は指名競争入札に参加したが請け負いたくなかった為、製作原価25円に130円という法外な入札をしたが一番札となり落札してしまった。
English: Since the equipment had defect, it was used only for 2 years and later drawing (Kozaikikaizushiki) specification of equipment for judicial hanging was introduced.
Japanese: だが、この処刑器具には欠陥があり、わずか2年しかつかわれず絞罪器械図式に変更された。
English: Resuscitations occurred because the equipment was not able to provide fatal blow but also the instruction at that time stated "the rope will be set free after 3 minutes after putting stone as weight, when seal of death is confirmed", however it is said unless the execution is continued 5 minutes after arrest of the heart, there is a possibility of resuscitation.
Japanese: 理由として致命的な打撃を与えられなかったということもあるが、当時の処刑手順の定めでは「重石を架けて3分後に死相が現れてから縄を解くというもので、心臓停止後5分間経過するまで執行を継続しなければ蘇生する可能性がある事が指摘されている。
English: Records show that three of condemneds resuscitated after execution by Kochu but only following Tosaku TNAKA's case tells detailed records of the execution and after the execution today.
Japanese: なお絞柱で処刑された死刑囚のうち3人が蘇生したことが記録されているが、処刑の経緯やその後の経緯について記録が現在に伝わるのが後述する田中藤作に関するものが唯一である。
English: The execution of Tosaku TANAKA, a peasant (31 years old at that time) living in Kitagata-mura village, Kume-gun county (present-day Ton City), was carried out at an execution ground located in Takaishigaki, Matsuyma (present-day Hujiwara-cho, Matsuyama city) on November 28, 1872.
Japanese: 久米郡北方村（現東温市）の農民田中藤作（当時31歳）は、1872年11月28日に松山高石垣（現在の松山市藤原町）の徒刑場で執行された。
English: According to the custom at that time, in case there is no one who takes care of a dead body, dissection is carried out, but the case of Tosaku, his family took the body.
Japanese: 当時の慣習では死刑囚の遺骸は引き取り手がなければ腑分け（解剖）されることになっていたが、藤作は親族が引き取った。
English: Around about Ichi-ri ("ri" is about 3.927km) (about 4Km) away from the execution ground, people heard groan from Tosaku's coffin, so they opened the cover and discovered that Tosaku came back to life.
Japanese: 徒刑場から1里（約4Km）ほど運んだところで藤作の棺桶からうめき声が聞こえたため、蓋をあけたところ藤作が蘇生していた。
English: Tosaku went back to his village alive and the village people reported this to a department called Choshoka (function of police and court) and asked what to do.
Japanese: 藤作は村に生きて戻ってきたが、村人は石鐵県の聴訟課に蘇生の事実を届出、今後についての指示を仰いだ。
English: However the officers of the prefecture had never heard the precedent about a condemned who resuscitated because they considered punishments of Edo Period were supposed to destroy a condemned phisically.
Japanese: だが県の役人は江戸時代の刑罰では死刑囚の身体を破壊するものであり、生き返ったなどといった前例があるわけでもなかった。
English: Therefore the prefectural government asked the central government how to deal with this and retribution of three officers, who were responsible for the execution.
Japanese: そこで県では処刑を担当した役人3人の進退伺いとともに中央に対処方法の指示を仰いだ。
English: The reply from the central government was received in September 1873, in the following year, and it said "Tosaku had already been executed but happened to regain consciousness, so it is not necessary to discuss about any longer".
Japanese: 中央政府から指示が届いたのは翌1873年9月であるが、その文章は「スデニ絞罪処刑後蘇生ス、マタ論ズベキナシ。
English: It said also "he should be registered on family register as soon as possible", this means the execution as punishment had already been carried out and his family register should be restored.
Japanese: 直チニ本本籍ニ編入スベシ」というもので、刑罰として処刑は終わっているのだから、戸籍を回復させよというものであった。
English: This also means since the execution was carried out according to law and there is no need to carry out execution again.
Japanese: 既に法に従い執行は終わっているのだから、再び執行する理由はないというものであった。
English: This was referred to a case in France before the revolution in which there was a condemned who resuscitated after hanging and the king pardoned the condemned.
Japanese: これは革命前のフランスでは絞首刑で稀に蘇生した死刑囚がいたが、この場合国王が赦免した事例があったことが参考とされた。
English: It is said that Tosaku lived until 1898, 26 years after the incident, but there is another story that he died 4 years after the execution.
Japanese: なお、藤作は26年後の1898年まで生きたとされるが、4年後には死亡したという話もありいずれかははっきりしない。
English: Also it is said that Tosaku lived alone in a small hut and seemed to lose his life force, probably because of an aftereffect of being in a temporary state of apparent death.
Japanese: ただ藤作は一時的に仮死状態になった後遺症のためか、精細を欠き小さな小屋で孤独な生活をしていたという。
English: In a novel entitled 'Shiro no Shokei (literally, White Execution)' written by Ranzo OTA, (in 2004, paperback edition was published by Kodansha Ltd.), a condemned, who is falsely charged, is executed but resuscitates thanks to his hardened neck through wrestling training, then he is set free and chases the real culprit.
Japanese: 太田蘭三の小説「白の処刑」（2004年に講談社から文庫化）では、冤罪で処刑された死刑囚がレスリングで鍛えた首のおかげで執行後に蘇生し、放免となり真犯人を追う内容である。
English: In the novel the bureaucracy of Ministry of Justice decide on release based on the case of Tosaku.
Japanese: この小説の中で法務省官僚が釈放する根拠の前例としているのが藤作の一件である。
English: This novel was adapted into a drama in 1985 by TV Asahi Corporation for Saturday Waido Theather, entitled 'Shiro no shokei Koshudai kara ikikaetta otoko' (White execution the man, who came back from scaffold alive), acted by Tomokazu MIURA as former condemned and Kumiko OBA as his sister-in-law.
Japanese: この作品は1985年にテレビ朝日の土曜ワイド劇場で元死刑囚役に三浦友和、義妹役に大場久美子を起用して「白の処刑絞首台から生き返った男」として映像化された。
English: Because of those cases there is urban legend that "a condemned who resuscitates will be set free".
Japanese: この事例があるためか「死ななかった死刑囚は釈放される」という都市伝説が流布されている。
English: According to a literary work, 'Soshite shikei ha shittkou sareta' by Shiro GODA, (Kohyu syuppan Co., Ltd.) there were actually some condemned who tried to tone up their neck.
Japanese: 実際に死刑囚房にいた合田士郎の著作『そして、死刑は執行された』（恒友出版）によれば、生き残る為に首を鍛える死刑囚がいたという記述がある。
English: However according to Takamki MITSUI, former prosecutor, who attended executions when he was working at the High Public Prosecutors' Office in Nagoya, a body of a condemned usually is hanged about 30 minutes and the condemned will be dead for sure, there is no possibility of resuscitation today.
Japanese: しかし名古屋高等検察庁時代に死刑執行に立ち会った三井環元検察官によれば死刑執行された死刑囚の身体は30分間ぶら下げるのが慣例となっており、30分もぶら下げることで「確実に」死亡しているため、現在では蘇生する可能性は皆無である。
English: In 1884, around the same time of the incident, there was a condemned called John Lee in England and the execution was discontinued because the falling door didn't open despite three times of attempt (It is said to have been caused by swollenness of the door due to moisture, which was stuck and didn't open when someone stood on it).
Japanese: この事件と同時期の1884年、イギリスでジョン・リーという死刑囚は、絞首台の落とし戸が3度も開かず停止されたという（原因は、落とし戸が湿気のために膨張し、重量がかかると戸が開かなくなったためとされている）。
English: After that his sentence was commuted and finally he was set free 22 years later, then he married, went to America and died of sickness there in 1933.
Japanese: 結局、彼は減刑され22年後に出所し、結婚しアメリカに渡り1933年に病死したとされる
English: Willie Francis (born in 1929) of the United States of America was a condemned who failed the execution (resuscitation after an execution) after WWII.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後に死刑に失敗（生き返った）した死刑囚にアメリカ合衆国のウィリー・フランシス（enWillieFrancis1929年生まれ）がいる。
English: He sat on an electrical chair in 1946 and he is known as the historically first condemned who failed the execution.
Japanese: 彼は電気椅子に1946年に座ったが、歴史上初めて処刑に失敗した死刑囚として有名である。
English: The cause was inappropriate installation of electronic circuit and mortal current was not generated.
Japanese: 原因は電気回路の設置に不備があり致死量の電流が流れなかった為である。
English: He claimed his innocence and insisted if the execution by electrical chair will be carried out twice, the punishment is cruel and aberrant, however his claim was not accepted and he forced to sit on the electrical chair again in 1947.
Japanese: 彼自身は冤罪を主張していたほか、二度も電気椅子にかけるのは残虐で異常な刑罰であると主張したが、いずれも受け入れられず、1947年に再度電気椅子に座らされた。
English: In addition, he was 15 years old when he was put to death, and it corresponds to an execution for people under 18 year old which is now prohibited by a legal precedent of the Supreme Court of the United States of America.
Japanese: なお、彼が処刑された年齢は犯行時15歳であり、現在のアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所の判例で禁止された18歳以下の死刑執行である。
English: Nanto Yakiuchi is the incident that the Taira clan army led by TAIRA no Shigehira set fire to Buddhist temples in Nara (Nanto) such as Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple by the order of TAIRA no Kiyomori on January 15, 1181.
Japanese: 南都焼討（なんとやきうち）は、治承4年12月28日(旧暦)（1181年1月15日）に平清盛の命を受けた平重衡ら平氏軍が、東大寺・興福寺など奈良（南都）の仏教寺院を焼討にした事件。
English: It was one of a series of military campaign called Jisho-Juei War aimed for subjugation of Daishu (monks residing in the zendo) belonged to these forces of temples and shrines (Bhuddism) which have kept taking defiant attitude against the Taira clan government.
Japanese: 平氏政権に反抗的な態度を取り続けるこれらの寺社勢力に属する大衆_(仏教)の討伐を目的としており、治承・寿永の乱と呼ばれる一連の戦役の1つである。
English: After Heiji Disturbance, when Yamato Province became Kiyomori's proprietary province, Kiyomori performed policing and adjudication across the country, ignoring traditional privilege possessed by Nanto temples.
Japanese: 平治の乱の後、大和国が清盛の知行国になった際に清盛は南都寺院が保持していた旧来の特権を無視して国内全域において検断を行った。
English: Especially Todai-ji Temple which was constracted at the wish of the Emperor Shomu and since then had been revered by successive emperors as a symbol of polity for nation protection, and Kofuku-ji Temple built for praying Fujiwara clan's glory, rebelled against this, relying on military power of armed organization called armed monks which was originally organized for self-defense by Buddhist monk group called as Daishu, each with authorities of Imperial family and Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers) in the background.
Japanese: 特に聖武天皇の発願によって建立されて、以後鎮護国家体制の象徴的存在として歴代天皇の崇敬を受けてきた東大寺と藤原氏の氏寺であった興福寺は、それぞれ皇室と摂関家の権威を背景と大衆と呼ばれる僧侶集団が元来自衛を目的として結成していた僧兵と呼ばれる武装組織の兵力を恃みとしてこれに反抗していた。
English: However, once the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO, who might be regarded as the symbol of the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers) were both punished by the order of Kiyomori, the sense of danger also spread among them, who cooperated with Onjo-ji Temple and the Minamoto clan in various districts to start anti-Taira clan activities after Rising of Prince Mochihito on May 26, 1180.
Japanese: だが、治承3年（1179年）11月に発生した治承三年の政変で皇室と摂関家の象徴ともいえる治天の君後白河法皇と摂政松殿基房が清盛の命令によって揃って処罰を受けると、彼らの間にも危機感が広がり、治承4年（1180年）5月26日の以仁王の挙兵を契機に園城寺や諸国の源氏とも連携して反平氏活動に動き始めたのである。
English: In June, after Rising of Prince Mochihito subdued, the Taira clan gave punishment to Onjo-ji Temple which joined the rising such as prohibition to participate in Imperial Court/Buddhist mass, dismissal of Sogo, and forfeit of the temple estate, but Kofuku-ji Temple did not receive punishment as severe as Onjo-ji Temple, because Gen-en, the Betto at the time was close to the Taira clan, and there was a group which took peaceful stance to the Taira clan inside Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 以仁王の乱が鎮圧された後の6月、平氏は乱に関わった園城寺に対する朝廷法会への参加の禁止、僧綱の罷免、寺領没収などの処分を行ったが、興福寺はこの時の別当玄縁が平氏に近い立場をとっており、興福寺内部に平氏との和平路線をとる勢力が現れた事により、園城寺ほど厳しい処分はされなかった。
English: The strained relation between the Taira clan and Kofuku-ji Temple was subsided to a certain degree after the Taira clan's Emperor visit to Fukuhara; however, when Daishu, monks residing in Onjo-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple assisted the uprising of Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in offense and defense in Omi Province at the end of this year, the Taira clan led by TAIRA no Shigehira attacked and set fire to Onjo-ji Temple on December 11 and finally took aim at Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 平氏と興福寺の緊張関係は平氏の福原行幸後に一定程度緩和されていたが、この年の末に近江攻防で園城寺・興福寺の大衆が近江源氏らの蜂起に加勢し、それによって平氏は12月11日に平重衡が園城寺を攻撃して寺を焼き払うと、いよいよ矛先は興福寺へと向くことになる。
English: Kiyomori sent lightly-armed Kaneyasu with direction to solve it peacefully as much as possible.
Japanese: 清盛は兼康に対して出来るだけ平和的な方法での解決を指示して軽武装で送り出した。
English: However, Nanto Daishu (monks residing in Nanto) decapitated more than 60 of Kaneyasu forces and placed them along the edge of Sarusawa-no-ike Pond, and Kaneyasu returned to Kyoto with his bare life, which made Kiyomori furious.
Japanese: だが、南都の大衆は兼康勢60余人の首を切り、猿沢の池の端に並べるという挙に出て兼康は命からがら帰京し、清盛を激怒させた。
English: "The Tale of the Heike" explained that this incident led to Nanto attack, but as described before, the Taira clan have hunted down the opposition forces around Kyoto such as Onjo-ji Temple and Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) one after another, after transfer of the capital and Nanto attack was an inevitable action.
Japanese: 『平家物語』ではこの事件によって南都への攻撃がなされたとするが、先述のように平氏は遷都後に園城寺、近江源氏などの京周辺の反対勢力を相次いで追討しており、南都攻撃も必然的な行動であった。
English: Actions of Daishu revealed the incident which showed the magnitude of hostility of Kofuku-ji Temple to the Taira clan, but consequently, contained opposition to Kofuku-ji Temple attack by Court nobles and gave a legitimate reason to dispatch large force to Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 大衆の行動は興福寺の平氏に対する敵意の大きさを物語る出来事だが、結果的に興福寺攻撃に対する公卿たちの反対を封じ込め、興福寺への大軍派遣の大義名分を与える事になった。
English: On December 25 (old calender), Kiyomori sent 40,000 soldiers led by his son Shigehira as the supreme commander and his nephew TAIRA no Michimori etc. as vice-commanders.
Japanese: 清盛は12月25日(旧暦)には息子の重衡を総大将、甥の平通盛らを副将として4万の兵を向かわせた。
English: Against this, Nanto Daishu (monks residing in the zendo) constructed moats in Hannya-ji Temple and Nara-zaka slope, which were fortified with 7,000 soldiers.
Japanese: これに対して南都大衆も般若寺と奈良坂に堀を築き、兵7千で固めたのである。
English: On December 27 (old calender), Shigehira divided soldiers to 2 group to invade from Kizu-choarea, where Daishu continued resistance at Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) bank, Nara-zaka slope, Hannya-ji Temple and other places, and thus, overall situation was advantageous to the Taira clan army, but unsettled.
Japanese: これに対して12月27日(旧暦)に重衡らも兵を2手に分けて木津町方面より侵攻したが、大衆も木津川(京都府)沿岸や奈良坂・般若寺などで抵抗を続けたため、全体的に平氏軍有利ながらも決着が付かなかった。
English: On the 28th, the Taira clan army occupied Nara-zaka slope and Hannya-ji Temple, and transferred the headquarter into Hannya-ji Temple.
Japanese: 28日に入ると、平氏軍は奈良坂と般若寺を占拠して本陣を般若寺内に本陣を移した。
English: According to "The Tale of the Heike", when Shigehira demanded light in camp, his vassals misunderstood it as the order of burning attack and set fire to surrounding folk dwellings.
Japanese: 『平家物語』によると、その夜、重衡が陣中にて灯りを求めたところ、配下が火攻めの命令と勘違いして周囲の民家に火を放った。
English: In addition, in "The Tale of the Heike (Engyo edition)" suggested it as planned fire-setting and fire-setting was considered as a basic tactics in the battle.
Japanese: また『延慶本平家物語』では計画的放火であった事を示唆しており、放火は合戦の際の基本的な戦術として行われたものと思われる。
English: However, it is considered that such an extended fire even spread to Kofuku-ji Temple and the Great Buddha Hall would have exceeded expectation of Shigehira forces.
Japanese: ただ興福寺・大仏殿までも焼き払うような大規模な延焼は、重衡たちの予想を上回るものであったと考えられる。
English: This caused great fire involving important area of Nara, resulting in burning down of influential temples such as Kofuku-ji Temple and Todai-ji Temple and many deaths of Buddhist monks and residents by fire.
Japanese: これによって奈良の主要部を巻き込む大火災が発生して、興福寺・東大寺などの有力な寺院が焼け落ちて多数の僧侶・住民が焼死した。
English: Especially, Todai-ji Temple was given heavy damage; most of major buildings including the statue of Birushana Buddha were lost, and all but those apart from the center such as Hokke-do Hall, Nigatsudo Temple, Tengaimon (literally, "the gate of shifting the evil") and Shoso-in Treasure Repository burned to the ground.
Japanese: 特に東大寺は東大寺盧舎那仏像など主要建築物の殆どを失い、中心より離れた法華堂と二月堂・転害門・正倉院以外は全て灰燼に帰するなど大打撃を蒙った。
English: Also in Kofuku-ji Temple, it is said that 38 facilities such as Kon-do Hall, Kodo Hall, Hokuen-do Hall and Nanen-do Hall as well as 3 pagoda were burned.
Japanese: 興福寺でも三基の塔の他、金堂・講堂・北円堂・南円堂など38の施設を焼いたと言われている。
English: Kanezane KUJO who received the news expressed his words of grieving in his diary "Gyokuyo" as "far beyond description".
Japanese: この知らせを受けた九条兼実は日記『玉葉』に「凡そ言語の及ぶ所にあらず」と悲嘆の言葉を綴っている。
English: Shigehira returned to Kyoto on the 29th and it is said that 49 severed heads brought back then were all thrown out to ditches and moats.
Japanese: 重衡は29日に帰京し、この時持ち帰られた49の首級は、ことごとく溝や堀にうち捨てられたという。
English: In the next year (1181), Kiyomori immediately forfeited all the private estates and territory of Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple and reshuffled betto (the head secretary of a temple), Sogo (a monk of a managereal post) and other posts, and indicated a policy not to permit reconstruction of these temples.
Japanese: 年が明けて治承5年になると清盛は直ちに東大寺や興福寺の荘園・所領を悉く没収して別当・僧綱らを更迭、これらの寺院の再建を認めない方針を示した。
English: However, the pro-Taira clan government, retired Emperor Takakura died in the midst, and subsequently Kiyomori himself also died on March 3, 1181 due to misterious high fever.
Japanese: ところが、その最中に親平氏政権派の高倉上皇が死去、続いて2月4日(旧暦)（1181年3月20日）には清盛自身も謎の高熱を発して死去。
English: In addition, receiving information that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) have also shown threatening move, TAIRA no Munemori who succeeded the government after Kiyomori withdrew all punishment to temples in Nanto including Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple on March 1 (old calender).
Japanese: また、東国の源頼朝の動きも不穏との情報が入ってきたために、清盛に代わって政権を継承した平宗盛は、3月1日(旧暦)に東大寺・興福寺以下の南都諸寺への処分を全て撤回した。
English: In April, the Taira clan government permitted the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa to dispatch envoys (Inshi Kurodo, FUJIWARA no Yukitaka) to check the extent of the damage in Nanto.
Japanese: 4月に入ると、平氏政権側は後白河法皇が南都の被害状況を把握するために使者（院司蔵人藤原行隆）を派遣することを容認した。
English: The Cloistered Emperor who received the report from Yukitaka returned to Kyoto, summoned Chogen to appoint him to the position of Daikanjin (priest to collect contributions), and immediately started reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 帰京した行隆の報告を受けた法皇は重源を召して大勧進職に任命、直ちに東大寺の再建に取り掛かることになった。
English: Kofuku-ji Temple was also restored later and gained position of Yamato no kuni Shugo (provincial constable of Yamato Province).
Japanese: また、興福寺も後に再興され、後に大和国守護の地位を獲得することになる。