nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The name of "mizu-manju" is well known in Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture, but the name of "kuzu-manju" is generally well known nationwide.
Japanese: 「水饅頭（水まんじゅう）」の名称では岐阜県大垣市のものなどが知られるが、全国的には「葛饅頭」の名称のほうが一般的である。
English: Around Hosoe and Inasa in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, black bean paste is wrapped in flour dough mixed with brown sugar, and this type of cha-manju is called miso-manju (or miso-man).
Japanese: 静岡県浜松市の細江～引佐近辺では黒糖を用いた小麦粉の皮で黒餡を包んだ茶饅頭の一種をみそまんじゅう（あるいはみそまん）と呼ぶ。
English: Mourning: Kasuga manju, aoshiro manju (green and white buns with bean paste filling) (Kanto region), kishiro manju (yellow and white buns with bean paste filling), oboro manju (a regular round manju stuffed with azuki-bean paste except that its very thin covering is peeled off after it is steamed) (Kansai region) and chuka manju (Hokkaido).
Japanese: 弔事：春日饅頭、青白饅頭（関東）、黄白饅頭、おぼろ饅頭（関西）、中華まんじゅう（北海道）など。
English: Basically, a wide variety of fillings can be contained in the manju, and manju baked on an iron-cast pan such as Momiji manju has many varieties in particular because it is easy to stuff manju with filling.
Japanese: 基本的に様々な種類の餡を中に詰め込んで作ることはできるが、もみじ饅頭など鉄板で焼くものについては手軽に中身を入れられることから特に種類が多い。
English: It is bamboo-skewered sake-manju (with or without bean paste) which is roasted by basting it with sweet miso paste like dengaku dish (simmered miso paste on food).
Japanese: 酒饅頭（餡入りと餡無しがある）を竹串に刺し、甘い味噌だれを塗りながら田楽(料理)のように焼いたもの。
English: It has a round shape with either white or black bean paste filling mixed with honey.
Japanese: 丸い形の生地の中に蜂蜜を混ぜた白餡もしくは黒餡のいずれかが入っている。
English: The headquarters of the Horaku manju maker is in Kumamoto City, but its subsidiaries are in various places in the Kyusyu region, such as Fukuoka, Kagoshima and Miyazaki and sell the manju under the same brand name.
Japanese: 蜂楽饅頭の本社は熊本市であるが、子会社が福岡県・鹿児島県・宮崎県など九州各地に存在し同じブランド名で販売している。
English: It is a banana-shaped sweet with banana paste in it, which is embossed with an English word, "BANANA".
Japanese: バナナベースの餡を使用した、英語・ローマ字表記であるBANANAの文字が入ったバナナ型のお菓子。
English: Although it generally refers to chuka-man (Chinese steamed bun), in Hokkaido, it refers to a sweet with bean paste filling wrapped in the pancake-like dough (chukadane "中花種" in terms of Japanese traditional confectionery) made from flour, sugar and egg.
Japanese: 一般的には中華まんを指すが、北海道では小麦粉、砂糖、卵を原料とするパンケーキ状の生地（中花種）で餡を挟んだ菓子を指すことがある。
English: The Chinese characters for chuka, "中花" was changed into "中華" and then the manju started to be called chuka manju.
Japanese: 中花が転じて中華となり、中華まんじゅうと呼ばれるようになったと考えられている。
English: Together with "Nihon kaika shoshi" (Brief History of Japanese Enlightenment) by Ukichi (Teiken) TAGUCHI published in 1877, it is regarded as one of the greatest historical works by amateur historians in the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 明治10年刊行の田口卯吉（鼎軒）『日本開化小史』とともに、明治初期の在野史学における代表的史書と評される。
English: In the Meiji period many intellectuals proudly accepted the dogma of the continuance of the Imperial household.
Japanese: 明治時代の多くの知識人は、皇室の永続性というドグマを受け入れ、誇りに思っていた。
English: He advances his thesis in a paragraph in the Chapter on 'Western Civilization as our Goal' of "An Outline of a Theory of Civilization."
Japanese: 『文明論之概略』の「西洋の文明を目的とす」の一節にて、福沢諭吉は以下の持論を展開している。
English: However, people were not forced to believe the dogma of national origin.
Japanese: ただ、国の紀元についてのドグマは、その信奉を強制されていたわけではない。
English: Japanese plum (technical name: Prunus Mume) refers to a deciduous tall tree of Rosaceae Prunusor or its fruits.
Japanese: ウメ（梅、学名：Prunusmume）は、バラ科サクラ属の落葉高木、またはその果実のこと。
English: Other Japanese names include Kobunboku, Harutsugegusa, Konohana, Hatsunagusa, Kazamigusa, Kazemachigusa and Nioigusa.
Japanese: 別名に好文木（こうぶんぼく）、春告草（はるつげぐさ）、木の花（このはな）、初名草（はつなぐさ）、香散見草（かざみぐさ）、風待草（かぜまちぐさ）、匂草（においぐさ）などがある。
English: Before the Nara period, however, when people referred to 'flowers', they almost always meant Japanese plum.
Japanese: しかし奈良時代以前に「花」といえば、むしろ梅を指すことの方が多かった。
English: Around the mid Heian period, Japanese plums came to be endangered by the presence of cherry blossoms.
Japanese: 梅が次第に桜によって駆逐されはじめるのは、平安時代中頃からのことである。
English: It is written in 'Diary of the Ladies-in-Waiting' (Oyudono no ue no Nikki) that on April 17, 1545 (in the lunar calendar), the Emperor of that time made an offering of Japanese plums to Kamo-jinja Shine in Kyoto.
Japanese: 天文(日本)14年（1545年）4月17日(旧暦)に当時の天皇が、京都の賀茂神社に梅を奉納したと『御湯殿上日記』にある。
English: Fruits of the Yabai line are small in size but the edible species of the Bungo line (also called the Higo line) have become larger through crossbreeding with the apricot.
Japanese: 野梅系（やばいけい）の果実は小型であり、果実を利用する豊後系（ぶんごけい）（肥後系（ひごけい）とも呼ばれる）ではアンズとの交雑により大型化している。
English: As the Japanese plum only has one flower per bud, it appears less flamboyant than the peach when it blooms.
Japanese: 花芽はモモと異なり、一節につき1個となるため、モモに比べ、開花時の華やかな印象は薄い。
English: Every February to April, before growing leaves the Japanese plum tree produces 1-3 centimeter flowers with five petals.
Japanese: 毎年2月から4月に5枚の花弁のある1センチメートルから3センチメートルほどの花を葉に先立って咲かせる。
English: The plum is a 2-3 centimeter spherical fruit with a stone and an indent on one side.
Japanese: 果実は2センチメートルから3センチメートルのほぼ球形の核果でみの片側に浅い溝がある。
English: There are more than 300 different kinds of Japanese plum trees, which are classified in to three lines: the Yabai, the Kobai and the Bungo.
Japanese: 梅には300種以上の品種があり、野梅系、紅梅系、豊後系の3系統に分類される。
English: Whilst the flowers are valued for their aesthetic value, the plums are eaten as Umeboshi (pickled plums), plum liquor, plum vinegar, plum jam, etc.
Japanese: 花を観賞するほか、果実を梅干し、梅酒、梅酢やジャムなどにして食用とする。
English: As a Chinese herbal drug, Japanese plums blackened by smoking are called Ubai and are believed to have effects of calming gastric and intestinal disorders, vermifuge, haemostatis and cardiotonic.
Japanese: 漢方薬では燻蒸（くんじょう）して真っ黒になった実を烏梅（うばい）といい、健胃、整腸、駆虫、止血、強心作用があるといわれる。
English: In China, sweet dried plums called Wamui are sold as Chinese confectionery.
Japanese: 中国では話梅（広東語ワームイ）と呼ばれる干して甘味を付けた梅が菓子として売られている。
English: Leaves, immature green plums and seeds in the nucleus of Rosaceae contain cyanogenetic glycoside, thus cyanide can be produced by immature seeds and enzymes of bacterium flora in the human intestine.
Japanese: バラ科の葉や未成熟の青い果実、核の中の種子には青酸配糖体が含まれ、未熟な種子や腸内細菌の酵素により、シアン化物を生成する。
English: It is said that if gastric acid causes hydrogen cyanide toxicity, people can develop spasticity, difficulty in breathing, and in the worst case die from paralysis.
Japanese: これが胃酸によりシアン化水素毒性を発揮すると、痙攣や呼吸困難、さらには麻痺状態になって死亡するといわれている。
English: As cyanide cannot be formed by acid and digestive enzymes in the stomach, the risk of poisoning by accidental intake is limited to the cases where large quantities of seeds are crunched.
Japanese: シアンの生成は胃酸や胃の消化酵素によるものではないので、大量の種子をかみ砕いた場合を除いて誤摂取による中毒の危険は限られる。
English: While apricot seeds can cause severe incidents, it is safe for infants to nibble Japanese green plums.
Japanese: アンズの種子による重症例がある一方、幼児が青梅の果肉を囓った程度では心配ないとされる。
English: Also, in the case of green plums and dried plum seeds contained in plum liquor, the toxicity is reduced because alcohol and heat have inactivated enzymes.
Japanese: また、梅酒の青い実や梅干しの種の中身などは、アルコールや熱により酵素が失活し、毒性は低下している。
English: As it contains a lot of organic acids, in particular citric acid, it is also sold as a health food.
Japanese: クエン酸をはじめとする有機酸などを多く含むので健康食品としても販売されている。
English: According to statistics released by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in November 2008, its cropping acreage was 17,400 hectares, its total harvest 122,000 tons, and the total shipment 103,600 tons.
Japanese: 農林水産省が平成20年（2008年）11月に公表した統計によると、日本全国で作付面積は1万7400ヘクタール、収穫量は12万2000トン、出荷量は10万3600トンである。
English: The total harvests by the region from the north were 1,930 tons in Aomori, 6,800 tons in Gunma, 1,270 tons in Fukui, 2,100 tons in Yamanashi, 1,990 tons in Nagano, 2,020 tons in Nara, 67,600 tons in Wakayama and 822 tons in Tokushima.
Japanese: 収穫量の都道府県別では、北から青森1930トン、群馬6800トン、福井1270トン、山梨2100トン、長野1990トン、奈良2020トン、和歌山6万7600トン、徳島822トンである。
English: As the plums have significant medical benefits, it may be named Ume after the combination of 'u (never-seen-before) and me (truly-important).'
Japanese: ウメには大きな薬効があるため、「ｕ(見たこともない)+ｍｅ(本当に大切な)」でウメと呼ばれた。
English: Japanese pronounciation at that time of introduction inserted a light nasal sound before n and m, (this vestige still remains in the Tohoku dialect today), and they pronounced mei as nme.
Japanese: 伝来当時の日本人は、鼻音の前に軽い鼻音を重ねていた（現在も東北方言などにその名残りがある）ため、meを/mme/（ンメ）のように発音していた。
English: This was written as 'ンメ' (nme) and changed to mume and to ume over time.
Japanese: これが「ムメ」のように表記され、さらに読まれることで/mume/となり/ume/へと転訛する。
English: However, there is a theory that as the labial sound u was assimilated into the subsequent labial sound m, which changed to mme.
Japanese: ただし/ume/が先にあって、唇音の/u/が次にくる唇音の/m/に同化(音声学)する音韻過程により/mme/へと変化したとする説も存在する。
English: There are several other theories but none of them has become an established theory so far.
Japanese: 他にも幾つかの異説があり、現在のところ、どれもまだ定説となるには至っていない。
English: One type of crest called Umebachi was inspired by the spiral pattern of petals which resembles drumsticks (bachi in Japanese).
Japanese: その一種で「梅鉢（うめばち）」と呼ばれるものは、中心から放射線状に配置した花弁が太鼓の撥に似ていることに由来している。
English: It is believed that Umebachi came to be used as a pattern in the Nara period and as SUGAWARA no Michizane loved Japanese plum flowers, it was used as the crest of Tenman-gu Shrine.
Japanese: 奈良時代に模様として用いられはじめ、菅原道真が梅の花を好んだことにより天満宮の神紋として用いられ始めたと考えられている。
English: Crest designs include 'ume,' 'umebachi,' 'neziume' and 'miumebachi.'
Japanese: 図案は、「梅（うめ）」、「梅鉢（うめばち）」、「捻じ梅（ねじうめ）」、「実梅鉢（みうめばち）」などがある。
English: The designs are divided broadly into two types: realistic design, such as 'nioiume' and 'mukoue,' and simplified ones, such as 'umebachi.'
Japanese: 「匂い梅（においうめ）」や「向う梅（むこううめ）」などの写実的な図案の梅花紋と、「梅鉢」などの簡略的な図案の梅鉢紋に大別される。
English: Among samurai families, the descendants of the Sugawara clan and families of the Mino Saito clan used it following the SUGAWARA Tenjin shrine faith.
Japanese: 武家では、菅原氏の末裔や美濃斉藤氏の一族が菅原天神信仰に基づいて用いた。
English: This expresses precautions about cultivation by comparing the Japanese plum and cherry blossom, which are both representative flowers of early Spring.
Japanese: 春先に咲く代表的な花であるサクラと梅のふたつを対比しつつ、栽培上の注意を示したもの。
English: On the other hand, Japanese plum trees are resistant to pruning and if they are not trimmed sufficiently, not only can their shape be ruined, ripening of fruit can be affected.
Japanese: 一方、梅の樹は剪定に強く、むしろかなり切り詰めないと徒枝が伸びて樹形が雑然となって台無しになるばかりでなく、実の付き方も悪くなる。
English: As the buds move to the tips of the branches year on year, fruit-yielding branches generally die after a number of years.
Japanese: 花芽は年々枝先へと移動する結果、実が付く枝は通常数年で枯れ込んでしまう。
English: In order to harvest the fruits, regular renewal of branches is needed.
Japanese: 実の収穫を目的とするのであれば、定期的に枝の更新を図る必要があるからである。
English: When the wind is in the east, I want it to blow the scent of Japanese plum flowers to me; even if I disappear from here, you, Japanese plum flowers, do not forget spring.' (SUGAWARA no Michizane)
Japanese: 「東風〔こち〕吹かばにほひおこせよ梅の花主なしとて春な忘れそ」（菅原道真）
English: This is a Japanese poem written when Michizane was demoted and transferred to Dazaifu (local government office in the Kyushu region), parting reluctantly from the beloved Japanese plum flowers in his garden.
Japanese: 道真が大宰府に左遷されるとき、道真の愛した庭の梅の花に別れを惜しんで詠んだ歌。
English: Later there was a legend known as a flying plum tree (tobuume) that the Japanese plum trees in the garden flew to Daszaifu, following him.
Japanese: 後に庭の梅木が道真を追って大宰府に飛んできた、という「飛梅」がある。
English: Peach and chestnut seeds take three years to bear fruit, plums take eight, Yuzu (Japanese citron) takes eighteen years and Japanese plum trees take sixteen years.'
Japanese: 「桃栗三年、柿八年、柚（ゆず）の馬鹿野郎十八年、梅はすいすい十六年」
English: The moral is that things do not come easily and often it takes a steady effort and patience to become full-fledged.
Japanese: ｢物事は簡単にうまくいくものではなく、一人前になるには地道な努力と忍耐が必要だ」という教訓である。
English: Hanamichi is the extension area of the stage which runs through the audience in theaters which hold performances such as kabuki.
Japanese: 花道（はなみち）は、歌舞伎等が行われる劇場で、舞台から客席を縦断するように張り出した部分。
English: The passage runs on shimote (the left of the stage as seen from the audience) is called the hon-hanamichi and the passage runs on kamite (the right of the stage) is called the kari-hanamichi.
Japanese: 下手（しもて＝客席から向かって左側）よりにあるものを本花道、上手（かみて）よりを仮花道という。
English: In kabuki, it is decided as a traditional form that a character who enters from the hanamichi stops the action and shows short performance (sometimes the performance is long) when he comes to the place where is between three-tenths and four-tenths of the hanamichi (three-tenths of the hanamichi) if it is divided into ten equal parts.
Japanese: 歌舞伎では花道から登場する人物は、七三の位置（花道を十等分して舞台から三分目と四分目の間）で一旦動きを止め、短い演技（長いこともある）を見せるのが定石である。
English: This device is worth mentioning in the history of theater because this enables to create a three-dimensional space by making an actor come out from the stage, where is a two-dimensional space for the audience, and appear in the space where the audience is located.
Japanese: 観客から見て二次元的な存在の舞台上から、役者が客席側に出ることで三次元的な演出を可能にしている点で、演劇史上特筆すべき装置といえる。
English: Hanamichi also means the path where a Rikishi (a Sumo wrestler) walks when he goes to dohyo (the Sumo ring) and returns to a waiting room.
Japanese: また、相撲で、力士が土俵に向かい、また控え室に戻るための道も花道という。
English: In many cases, this street stall is a mobile restaurant; some stores exclusively sell toys and other goods, and this type of street vendor stall is also known as a Roten.
Japanese: 多くの場合、飲食店を指すが、その他玩具などを売る場合もあり、その場合露店（ろてん）とも呼ばれる。
English: Vendors of this type developed early on, from people walking about selling goods from a shoulder pole; this method had a significant disadvantage in that the vendor's product inventory was limited to what he/she could carry.
Japanese: 初期の形態としては、天秤棒で担いで売り歩いた形態があったが商品を多く運べないのが欠点。
English: There are other mobile forms of street stalls: a bicycle mobile store, manually propelled, a store propelled with a motor bicycle, such as a rear car (a bicycle-drawn cart, a bicycle trailer).
Japanese: リヤカーのように可動式の店舗部分を人力、自転車、オートバイで牽引するものもある。
English: Another vendor site involves a prefabricated store, such as an erected tent.
Japanese: またテントのように組み立て型の骨組みをもとに店舗を設置する場合もある。
English: Other stall forms, a store setup in the converted bed of a small motor truck and a special purpose dinning car, are considered street stall vendors.
Japanese: また小型貨物自動車の荷台の部分を改造したものなど、特種用途自動車の例示のなかの食堂自動車を屋台と捉えることもできる。
English: Vendors are active inside shrines and temples during the New Year holiday and on the festival days; there are many types of street stalls selling specialized items: Takoyaki (octopus dumplings), yakisoba (fried soba noodle), cotton candies, rice cakes, and toys.
Japanese: 正月の寺社や縁日など大きな行事の場所にはたこ焼き、焼きそば、綿菓子、餅、おもちゃなど様々な屋台が出店する。
English: A street vendor opens a stall store for significant events, such as during festival days; this is often run by people called 'Tekiya' (a street vendor or peddler at local festivals in and around the precincts of shrines and temples).
Japanese: このような祭りの縁日等大きなイベントに出店する屋台は的屋と呼ばれる人たちによって営まれている場合が多い。
English: The street stall business prospered greatly in the Edo period, food (first food) which a seller could immediately offer; such as sushi, soba (noodles made from buckwheat), and tenpura; vendors first opened street stall stores in Edo (later Tokyo).
Japanese: 屋台は江戸時代に大きく繁栄し、江戸（後の東京）では、寿司や蕎麦、天ぷらといったすぐに提供できる食べ物（ファーストフード）が屋台で初めて提供された。
English: Yonaki-soba (buckwheat noodles sold at movable stands on winter evenings) in the Edo period, originated in Ramen Shops; Yonaki-soba shop vendors, walked around the streets at night making sounds with a charamela (charamela in Portuguese, shawm in English, a street vendor's flute), so the street stall was also called a Charamela.
Japanese: これは江戸時代の夜鳴きそばに起源を発し、チャルメラをならしながら夜の街を流すため、別名チャルメラと呼ばれることもある。
English: Street stall store types: There are stores which operate only at night, serving alcohol along side Oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc.), Yakitori-ya restaurant (grilled chicken restaurant), Doteyaki (sinewy beef cooked in Miso paste and Mirin) and other dishes.
Japanese: 夜間にのみ営業し、酒類とともにおでん、焼き鳥やどて焼きなど様々な料理を出して営業する屋台もある。
English: In order to run a street stall business, a vendor is required to obtain an operating license from the health care center; this is mandated by The Food Sanitation Act; also a vender is required to have a road usage license, from a Police Office, under The Road Traffic Act.
Japanese: 営業には食品衛生法に基づく保健所の営業許可や道路交通法に基づく警察署の道路使用許可が必要。
English: Licenses are not the only impediments to owning a street stall business; there are other significant obstacles that are contributing to the vendor's decline: obtaining a water supply, drainage, electricity, bathroom facilities; trash and waste can be difficult to manage, together with problems with noise and hygiene; not to mention issues that occur from taking up a roadway and blocking traffic.
Japanese: 水道、排水、電気、トイレの確保やゴミ処理が難しく、深夜の騒音問題、衛生面での問題や道路を占拠し交通を妨害するなどの問題もあり、最近ではこの種の屋台は減ってきている。
English: A collection of permanent street stall settings called 'Yatai Mura' (villages of food stalls), in which the vendors pooled water supplies at a large site, used to be very popular in many places; but Yatai Mura are no longer common today.
Japanese: 広い敷地に水道を引き多くの屋台を集めた「屋台村」と呼ばれる常設の施設が各地で見られたこともあったが、昨今はあまり見られなくなった。
English: Of these Yatai Mura, the Yatai Mura located in several locations across Hokkaido and Hachinohe, in Aomori Prefecture, eventually became tourist attractions and prospered.
Japanese: そんな中でも北海道各所や、青森県八戸の屋台村は観光名所にもなり、盛況である。
English: A current trend for lunch time sales in every urban region, including the Marunouchi neighborhood of Tokyo, is selling lunches from Mobile Food Vendor Vehicles, called Neo Yatai (neo food stalls); this has been well received.
Japanese: 近年の東京丸の内近郊をはじめとする各都市部では、ネオ屋台と呼ばれる移動販売車のランチタイム販売が好評を博している。
English: Neo Yatai products: The main item is the bento (lunch box), followed by assorted ethic foods; these mobile stalls share a cleaner environment and contemporary atmosphere; so, these mobile stalls generate more female traffic to their sites.
Japanese: 商品は弁当中心でエスニック系のものが多く、清潔感と洒落た雰囲気で、女性客も気軽に買える内容となっている。
English: This strategic open for business location is called a Neo Yatai Mura (villages of neo food stalls), and those Neo Yatai businesses mainly serve to fill the needs of office workers during lunch.
Japanese: 出店ポイントをネオ屋台村と称して、主にオフィス街の昼食需要に応えている。
English: A primary benefit of the Mobile Food Vendor Vehicle business is the considerably low startup investment cost when compared with a traditional restaurant.
Japanese: こうした移動販売車は一般的な飲食店と比較すると低投資で取得可能である。
English: This business model can be of great benefit to the entrepreneur; since the location of the business is fluid, and can be determined by strategically targeting areas of higher foot traffic; these benefits have resulted in its popularity.
Japanese: 客層の厚い場所に攻撃的に出店できるフットワークがあるため、個人の起業スタイルとして定着しつつある。
English: In addition, in response to entrepreneurial demand in the Mobile Food Vendor Vehicle business; franchise chains were developed.
Japanese: また起業需要に応える形で、移動販売のフランチャイズチェーンも現れている。
English: The chains specialized in foods such as, Crepes, Melon Pans (Melon buns, sweet round breads covered in a crisp with cookie-like coating), Agepan (deep-fried bread), and Ikayaki (grilled thin pancake with squid).
Japanese: 業態としてはクレープやメロンパン、揚げパン、いか焼きなどのチェーンが存在している。
English: Subsequently, Mobile Food Vendor Vehicles were developed into different forms to facilitate and resolve certain negative aspects: "Limits on the business dependent on hygiene conditions," "problems in compliance to the Road Traffic Act," "the lack of equipment electricity, water supply, draining systems," and "the inefficiency of working inside a vehicle."
Japanese: 更なる発展形として、移動販売車の欠点［衛生面での業態の制限］［道路交通法の問題］［電気や給排水設備の不足］［車内作業効率の悪さ］を解決した車両も現し始めた。
English: Located inside the city of Fukuoka are, Nakasu of Hakata Ward, Tenjin of Chuo Ward, and Nagahama; and within them is a place called "Yatai Gai" (streets with food stands), where street stall businesses gather on the sidewalk.
Japanese: 福岡市の博多区中洲・中央区(福岡市)天神(福岡市)・長浜(福岡市)地区など、「屋台街」と呼ばれる歩道上に屋台が集合して商売する場所もある。
English: A longer seasonal period, including the summer time, allowed Kyushu to develop an original street stall culture.
Japanese: 夏を挟んで長期間営業が可能な環境にあり、独自の屋台文化を開花させてきた。
English: During the day time, these mobile street stall vendors sit within a parking lot, contracting on a monthly-fixed amount; they are moved in and out by a person called 'Hikiya' (the person who sets up the street stalls); out in the evening, and returned to the same stall location the next day.
Japanese: 昼は月極駐車場においてあり、夕方に「引き屋」と呼ばれる人が引いて決まった場所へ移動し、固定する。
English: These street stall businesses have an exclusive power supply for their business operation, contracting water services with a nearby building.
Japanese: 電気は屋台を営業する場所に専用の電源を持ち、水道は近くのビルと契約している。
English: Since bad weather can severely impact a street stall's operation, some vendors have their cell numbers published in a guide book; in this case, customers can call the vendor and confirm stall availability.
Japanese: 天気が悪い日などは休業するため、ガイドブックに電話番号を公開してある場合はこの携帯電話に営業するか否かを問い合わせることができる。
English: There is an abundant food menu besides ramen: Many street stall businesses serve oden, motsunabe (giblets stew or giblets hot pot), yakitori (grilled chicken), Teppanyaki (foods grilled on an iron plate), and tenpura.
Japanese: メニューは豊富で、ラーメンのほかおでん、もつ鍋、焼き鳥、鉄板焼き、天ぷらといったメニューを掲げる店が多い。
English: A common eating pattern for customers is to drink alcohol with food ordered from these menus, then finish with ramen.
Japanese: これらのメニューをつまみに酒を飲み、最後にラーメンを食べるパターンになることが多い。
English: Some street stall businesses specialize in cocktail drinks, Western (European) cuisine, and Okinawa cuisine.
Japanese: 店によってはカクテル専門・西洋料理専門・沖縄料理専門の店などもある。
English: Some street stall owners develop new dishes based on their own tastes, and adopt different types of dishes.
Japanese: また、最近は店主の好みによって独自メニューの開発を行なって新たな形態を打ち出す例もある。
English: Ramen is a regular item on menus in Fukuoka, and many street stall shops serve ramen, but for some shops, the principle dish is not ramen.
Japanese: ラーメンなど福岡での定番商品は多くの店にはあるが、おかない主義の店もある。
English: Hygiene is always a concern; street stall shops can not serve raw food, but there are some shops violating this rule.
Japanese: 衛生上、生の食品は置いてはならないことになっているが、ルール違反の屋台もある。
English: The street stall shops of Kokurakita Ward in Kitakyushu City do not serve alcohol (customers are permitted to bring their own alcohol).
Japanese: 北九州市小倉北区の屋台は、アルコール類を一切置かない（ただし持ち込みは可）。
English: In addition, many street stall shops that specialize in oden, also serve ohagi (rice ball coated with sweetened red beans, soybean flour or sesame), so many customers will finish their meal with ohagi.
Japanese: また、おでんの屋台にはおはぎがおいてあり、締めとしておはぎを食べる人も多い。
English: To operate a street stall business requires a health center permit, under the Food Sanitation Act; permission to use the road is administered by the Fukuoka police station, under the Road Traffic Act; the owners of the business pay the permit licensing fee.
Japanese: これらの屋台の営業は、保健所の食品衛生法に基づく許可や福岡県警の道路交通法に基づく道路使用許可が必要で、また、使用許可手数料も徴収される。
English: The regulations stipulate that it is illegal to place a table or a beer case outside of the premises of the street stall shops, or to occupy the roadway while doing business.
Japanese: 店外にテーブルやビールケースを出したり、歩道を占拠する営業は違法となるなど、規制がある。
English: In contrast, a movement to resist this on behalf of the street stall businesses was initiated by a member of the prefectural assembly and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (of that period).
Japanese: これに対して屋台側も県議会議員や厚生労働省（当時）を巻き込んだ抵抗運動を行った。
English: In 1962, business licensing was standardized, and a road usage licensing system and road usage management guidelines were established.
Japanese: 1962年には、営業許可基準、道路使用許可制度、道路使用取扱要綱などが決定された。
English: In the 1970's, Fukuoka Prefecture Police proposed a policy which did not accept a change of ownership; but later, the street stall business representatives negotiated with the Fukuoka Prefecture Police; thus in 1973, they were able to compromise and have change in ownership accepted, based on certain conditions.
Japanese: 1970年代に入ると県警が道路使用許可の名義変更を認めない方針を打ち出すが、1973年に屋台側が県警と交渉した結果、条件付きながら名義変更を認める譲歩案を引き出した。