nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Being bureaucratic in domestic administration, Hisamasa died a glorious death like Katsuyori TAKEDA and Nobunaga ODA, who met their end during the same period, showing the spirit of the samurai in Kohoku.
Japanese: 内政官的な久政ではあったが、この最期は同時期の武田勝頼や織田信長に引けをとらないものであり、湖北武士の名に恥じない最期であった。
English: His grandchildren included Manpukumaru AZAI, Yodo dono (there are various theories), Joko in, Sugen-in, Takatsugu KYOGOKU, Tatsuko KYOGOKU, and Takatomo KYOGOKU.
Japanese: 孫に浅井万福丸・淀殿（諸説あり）・常高院・崇源院・京極高次・京極竜子・京極高知ら。
English: His great-grandchildren included Tsurumatsu TOYOTOMI, Hideyori TOYOTOMI, Sadako TOYOTOMI, Sen hime, Tama hime, Katsu hime (Tensu-in), Hatsu hime, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and Tadanaga TOKUGAWA (there are various theories about both of them), Masako TOKUGAWA, Tadataka KYOGOKU, Takahiro KYOGOKU, and Takamitsu KYOGOKU.
Japanese: 曾孫に豊臣鶴松・豊臣秀頼・豊臣完子・千姫・珠姫・勝姫(天崇院)・初姫・徳川家光（双方とも諸説あり）と徳川忠長・徳川和子・京極忠高・京極高広・京極高三ら。
English: His great-great-grandchildren included Michifusa KUJO, Yasumichi NIJO, Kunimatsu TOYOTOMI, Naa hime, Mitsutaka MAEDA, Toshitsugu MAEDA, Toshiharu MAEDA, Mitsunaga MATSUDAIRA, Kame hime (Hojuin), Chiyo hime, Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, Takakuni KYOGOKU, Takanao KYOGOKU, and Emperor Meisho.
Japanese: 玄孫に九条道房・二条康道・豊臣国松・奈阿姫・前田光高・前田利次・前田利治・松平光長・亀姫(宝珠院)・千代姫・徳川家綱・徳川綱重・徳川綱吉・京極高国・京極高直・明正天皇ら。
English: Sadayuki ATSUJI (1528 - July 7, 1582) was a Japanese military commander and vassal of the Asai and the Oda clans during the Sengoku Period.
Japanese: 阿閉貞征（あつじさだゆき、享禄元年（1528年）-天正10年6月18日(旧暦)（1582年7月7日））は戦国時代(日本)の武将で、浅井氏、織田氏の家臣。
English: The Atsuji clan, having served as the local lord in Ika County, Kitaomi, for generations, worked for the Asai clan who became more powerful than the Kyogoku clan.
Japanese: 代々北近江、伊香郡の国人であったが、浅井氏が京極氏に代わって勢力を拡大すると、浅井氏に従うようになった。
English: As a senior vassal of the Asai clan, Sadayuki was assigned to the fortified Yamamotoyama Castle which overlooked Hokkoku Kaido Road and the Lake Biwa.
Japanese: 貞征は浅井家中では重臣で、北国街道や奥琵琶湖を見渡せる要害山本山城を任されていた。
English: Even after the Battle of Anegawa, Sadayuki continued fighting against the Oda army, beating back the attack against the Yamatoyama Castle by Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 姉川の戦い後も対織田戦に参陣し、山本山城が信長の攻撃を受けるもこれを撃退していた。
English: However, in 1573, Sadayuki betrayed the Asai clan to let the Oda army in the Yamamotoyama Castle, which resulted in the isolation of the Odani-jo Castle leading to the ultimate downfall of the clan.
Japanese: しかし1573年、信長に内応し山本山に織田勢を引き入れたため、小谷城は孤立し主家滅亡の遠因をつくる。
English: After the Asai clan fell, Sadayuki joined the Oda clan with his son, Sadahiro ATSUJI, to lead the way to attack the Asakura clan.
Japanese: 主家滅亡後は、子の阿閉貞大とともに織田家に降りすぐに朝倉攻めの先手を務めている。
English: While Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI took control of Kitaomi, the ATSUJI clan, approved of the proprietary of the Yamamotoyama Castle and the main domain in the Ika County, was appointed as yoriki (mounted warrior belonging to a general in the Sengoku period).
Japanese: 江北は、豊臣秀吉に一職支配権が与えられ阿閉は、山本山城と伊香郡内の本領を安堵されて、秀吉の与力となる。
English: However, because Hideyoshi became so powerful as to occupy the stipend gathered in Chikubushima Island, Sadahiro filed a complaint to one of Nobunaga's aids, Nagayori SUGAYA.
Japanese: しかし、次第に秀吉の圧迫が募り竹生島にある扶持を秀吉に取られた為、貞大が信長側近の菅屋長頼に訴えている。
English: In 1577, Hideyoshi moved to Harima, but Sadayuki and Sadahiro ATSUJI remained in Omi to work as Nobunaga's hatamoto (bannerman).
Japanese: 天正5年より秀吉は、播磨に赴くが阿閉親子は、近江に駐まり信長の旗本となっている。
English: One historical record says that the Kinome Castle of Echizen Province protected by Sadayuki and Sadahiro surrendered to the Hongan-ji Temple force.
Japanese: 越前国木ノ芽城の守備についていたが、本願寺勢力に攻め落とされてしまったという記録が残っている。
English: In 1582, they took the side of Mitsuhide AKECHI in the Honnoji Incident and attacked the Nagahama Castle (Omi Province), Hideyoshi's main castle.
Japanese: 1582年、本能寺の変で明智光秀に加担して、秀吉の居城・長浜城(近江国)を攻めた。
English: However, as soon as Mitsuhide died in the Battle of Yamasaki, the entire ATSUJI family was hunted down and killed by Hideyoshi.
Japanese: しかし、山崎の合戦で光秀が打ち破られると秀吉に追討され一族全て殺されてしまった。
English: Kazumasa ISONO (dates of birth and death unknown) was a Japanese military commander who lived from the Sengoku period (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 磯野員昌（いそのかずまさ、生没年不詳）は戦国時代(日本)から安土桃山時代の武将。
English: The Isono clan had been the Kyogoku clan's vassal for generations, but served under the Azai clan involuntarily.
Japanese: 代々京極氏の家臣であったが、浅井亮政の台頭に屈する形で磯野氏は浅井氏の配下に加わる。
English: Sawayama-jo Castle-based Kazukichi ISONO adopted Kazumasa's father Kazumune who was of a branch family of the Isono.
Japanese: 員昌の父である員宗は磯野氏の一族筋から養子として佐和山城を本拠に持つ磯野員吉に迎えられている。
English: The head family of the Isono, who was based in Isonoyama-jo Castle, was destroyed by Sukemasa AZAI.
Japanese: 主家筋の磯野山城を本拠に持つ磯野氏は浅井亮政によって滅ぼされている。
English: Kazumasa, who was based in Sawayama-jo Castle, frequently achieved military exploits because of his military prowess in the battles against the Rokkaku clan and served as the spearhead of the Azai army corps.
Japanese: 員昌は佐和山城を本拠とし、武勇に長けたことから対六角氏戦で度々武功を重ね、合戦では浅井軍団の先鋒を任されるようになる。
English: In the Battle of Anegawa in June 28, 1570, he penetrated deep into the Oda camp and closed in on Nobunaga ODA's headquarter.
Japanese: 元亀元年（1570年）6月28日(旧暦)の姉川の戦いでは織田軍に深く斬り込み、一時は織田信長の本陣近くにまで迫った。
English: However, because Ittetsu INABA, a military commander on the Oda side, and some others, who were on standby, rushed to rescue Nobunaga and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's army which defeated the Asakura's army later joined the Oda's army, the Azai side was put to rout.
Japanese: しかし、後に控えていた織田側の武将稲葉一鉄らが駆け付け、その後、朝倉を撃破した徳川家康の増援もあり、浅井側は総崩れとなり敗退してしまう。
English: Kazumasa's vigorous attack closing in on Nobunaga's headquarters is recorded as 'Kazumasa no Anegawa juichidan kuzushi' (Kazumasa's destruction of eleven rows of Oda's military formation in the battle of Anegawa)
Japanese: この員昌の織田本陣に迫る猛攻は、「員昌の姉川十一段崩し」という逸話として残っている。
English: However, some believe that the episode was written after the Tokugawa clan unified Japan to dramatize the Tokugawa army's military performance, while other believe that the Oda clan's documents did not record the episode because Kazumasa, who surrendered to the Oda clan, was later exiled from the clan.
Japanese: が、徳川氏が天下を取った後、徳川軍の活躍を脚色するために書かれたものであるとする見方や、員昌が織田家に降った後織田家を追放されているという経緯から、織田側の文書に留まっていないとする見方もある。
English: Whether the episode is true or not, it is probably true that he was a military commander of bravery who deserves to be talked about by the future generations.
Japanese: 真偽のほどはともかくとして、後世に語り継がれるほどの武勇に長けた将であったことには変わりはないだろう。
English: Believing Hideyoshi's allegation about Kazumasa's side switching, the Azai side stopped supplying army provisions and soldiers to Sawayama-jo Castle by lake.
Japanese: 秀吉の員昌に翻意ありという流言を信じ切ってしまった浅井氏側が湖を通した形でも佐和山城への兵糧や兵士の輸送を取りやめた。
English: Because of this, Kazumasa surrendered to Nobunaga when Sawayama-jo Castle was attacked on February 24, 1571.
Japanese: このことから員昌は翌元亀2年（1571年）2月24日(旧暦)、佐和山城を攻撃された際にやむなく信長に降る。
English: It can be said that Hideyoshi's tactic was very skillful considering that the Isono clan served under the Azai clan involuntarily and that Kazumasa himself was independent-minded.
Japanese: 秀吉の流言は元々磯野氏自体が浅井氏に屈服する形で仕えるようになったことや、員昌自身が独立心の強い性格であったという背景からすると非常に巧みなものであったと言えるだろう。
English: Afterward, Kazumasa gained Nobunaga's favor and was honored to be assigned to reign over Takashima County, Omi Province.
Japanese: その後は信長に取り立てられ、近江国高島郡を与えられるという破格の待遇を得た。
English: However, in February 3, 1578, he displeased Nobunaga, who deprived him of the territory and exiled him to Mt. Koya.
Japanese: ところが天正6年（1578年）2月3日(旧暦)、信長の勘気をこうむって所領を没収され、高野山に追放された。
English: The details about the incident is unclear, but according to one theory, Nobunaga told Kazumasa to transfer the head of family to Nobusumi, Kazumasa's adopted son, but he refused.
Japanese: この間の経緯は不明であるが、一説には信澄は員昌の養子となっており、信長は員昌に家督を譲るよう迫ったものの、拒まれたためともいう。
English: Some believe that he returned to Takashima County to engage in farming after the Honnoji Incident and died in 1590.
Japanese: 一説には本能寺の変後に高島郡に戻り、帰農して天正18年（1590年）に没したと言う伝承もあるが、確実なものではない。
English: Toshiaki KIRINO (born in December, 1838; died September 24, 1877) was a feudal retainer of Satsuma domain during the late Edo period and a military man during the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 桐野利秋（きりのとしあき、天保9年（1838年）12月-明治10年（1877年）9月24日）は、江戸時代後期（幕末）の薩摩藩士、明治初期の軍人である。
English: In December 1838, he was born as the third child of Yoemon NAKAMURA (Kaneaki KIRINO), who was a samurai retainer living in a castle town in Sanekata, Yoshino Village, Kagoshima County.
Japanese: 天保9年（1838年）12月、鹿児島郡吉野村字実方で城下士の中村与右衛門（桐野兼秋）の第三子として生まれる。
English: He had four brothers and sisters, including Yozaemaon Kuniaki, a sister, Hanjiro Toshiaki, Hanzaemon Shigekuni YAMANOUCHI, (who was adopted by the Yamanouchi family and took part in the Seinan War), and a younger sister in order of age.
Japanese: 5人兄姉弟妹で、上から与左衛門邦秋、姉、半次郎利秋、山内半左衛門重邦（山内家の養子となる。西南戦争に従軍）、妹の順。
English: They said the family went to SAKANOUE no Karitamaro (father of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro) and they were descendants of Kuro KIRINO, the third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guard, who showed the way for Tsuyobei OSHIKAWA, the assassin of Masumune HIRATA, the chief retainer (karo) of Yoshihisa SHIMAZU.
Japanese: 家系は坂上苅田麻呂（坂上田村麻呂の父）に起こると称し、安土桃山時代、島津義久の家老平田増宗を暗殺した押川強兵衛の道案内をした桐野九郎左衛門尉の末裔という。
English: After his father, who was a lower-rank official of the inner palace (ooku) guard (hiroshikiza), was exiled to Tokunoshima Island and expropriated his hereditary stipend of five koku (approx. 902 liters) when he was around ten years old, he helped the elder brother, but after the death of the elder brother when he was eighteen years old, he supported the family through tenant farming and land reclamation.
Japanese: 10歳頃、広敷座の下僚であった父が徳之島に流罪に処せられ、家禄5石を召し上げられたのちは兄を助けていたが、18歳のときに兄の病没後は小作や開墾畑で家計を支えた。
English: While he was greenhorn, he was challenged to a duel by Hanbei IWAMI, and after he refuted Hanbei, he became good friends with residents of the Ueno residential district of samurai to which Iwami belonged.
Japanese: 二才（にせ＝若者。15歳頃から24歳頃）時代に石見半兵衛に決闘を申し込まれ、それを論難して以来、石見が属する上之園方限（ほうぎり）の郷中の士と親交を結んだ。
English: In the connection to the Ueno district, many members of Seichuha (a loyalist clique) including Shigeru NARAHARA, who acted as a peacemaker in the Teradaya Incident, and Ryusuke DESHIMARU, who died resisting in the Incident, belonged to it.
Japanese: 因みに、この郷中には、寺田屋事件の鎮撫使となった奈良原繁や抵抗して死んだ弟子丸龍助など、精忠派の士が多くいた。
English: While working as a guard for Innomiya (Imperial Prince Asahiko), he knew patriots from various provinces and came to be entrusted by senior vassals, such as Tatewaki KOMATSU, a chief retainer (karo).
Japanese: 尹宮（朝彦親王）附きの守衛列藩を務めるなど諸国の志士たちと交際し、家老・小松帯刀ら藩の重臣から重用されるようになった。
English: On April 16, 1864, "Rakuyo Nikki (literally, Kyoto diary)" by Raizo YAMAMOTO of the Tosa domain recorded, 'I heard that today Ishisei (abbreviation of Seinosuke ISHIKAWA, an alias of Shintaro NAKAOKA) met and had a discussion with Juro KIMOTSUKI and Hanjiro NAKAMURA of Satsuma. Both of them were said to be quite righteous.'
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）4月16日、土佐の山本頼蔵の『洛陽日記』に「当日石清（中岡慎太郎の変名、石川清之助の略）、薩ノ肝付十郎、中村半二郎ニ逢テ問答ノヨシ。此両人ハ随分正義ノ趣ナリ」とある。
English: As if to prove it, there is a letter dated June 14 from Takamori SAIGO to Toshimichi OKUBO, reading 'As Hanjiro NAKAMURA associates with ruffians (radical antiforeign imperialists) and visits the residence of the Choshu domain, we are able to know the situation of Choshu very well.'
Japanese: それを裏付けるように、6月14日、大久保利通宛の西郷隆盛書簡には、「中村半次郎は暴客（尊攘激派）の中へ入って、長州藩邸にも出入りしているので、長州側の事情はよくわかった」とある。
English: It continued, 'As he wants to visit Choshu, I would like him to make a search pretending to leave the domain without permission. He might really leave the domain, but, if he comes back, he would be of great help for us.'
Japanese: 続けて「本人が長州へ行きたいといっているので、脱藩したことにして探索させたい。本当に脱藩してしまうかもしれないが、帰ってきたら役にたつだろう」とある。
English: In a letter of Saigo five days later, however, it is recorded, 'Although I allowed Hanjiro NAKAMURA to visit Choshu, he was stopped at the border of the domain and could not enter,' and we can know that under the situation at that time the retainers of the Satsuma domain could not enter the territory of Choshu domain even if they might be going into the residence of the domain in Kyoto.
Japanese: しかし、5日後の西郷書簡には「中村半次郎を長州へ行かせたが、藩境でとめられ入国できなかった」とあって、当時の状況では、京都藩邸はともかく、長州本国へ薩摩藩士が入国することは不可能だったと知れる。
English: We can guess that since then he had been close to Choshu and tried reconciliation between Satsuma and Choshu, but Choshu went berserk after all to cause the Kinmon Incident.
Japanese: このころから、長州寄りの考えを持ち、薩摩と長州の和解を策して動こうとしていたらしいことがうかがえるが、結局、長州は暴発し禁門の変となった。
English: It seems that he was obliged to fight as a soldier of the Satsuma clan against the soldiers of the Choshu clan in the Kinmon Incident.
Japanese: 禁門の変においては、一薩摩藩兵として、長州勢と戦わざるをえなかったようだ。
English: There were completely different stories, one that he fought actively and the other that he tried to avoid fighting and to help people of the Choshu clan.
Japanese: 積極的に戦っていたという話と、極力戦闘を避けて長州人を助けたというような話と、後世、正反対の証言が残っている。
English: There was a letter from Tatewaki KOMATSU to Toshimichi OKUBO dated November 26 of this year, reading, 'I would like you to help Hanjiro NAKAMURA to be granted admission to the Hyogo school."
Japanese: この年の11月26日、小松帯刀の大久保利通宛書簡に、「中村半次郎が兵庫入塾を願っているのでかなえてやってくれないか」と記されている。
English: In other words, he wanted to learn in the Kobe Naval Training Center, but it was closed the next year, so it is not clear whether he could actually learn anything there.
Japanese: つまり神戸海軍操練所に学びたいと希望していたことになるが、翌年には閉鎖となるので、実質、学ぶことができたかどうかは不明である。
English: On March 29, 1865, Hisamoto HIJIKATA, who left Tosa clan without permission, wrote in "Kaiten Jikki" (literally, true record of changing situations), 'Hanjiro NAKAMURA visited me. He has right opinions He insisted on overthrowing the shogunate.'
Japanese: 慶応元年（1865年）3月3日、土佐脱藩の土方久元『回天実記』に「中村半次郎、訪。この人真に正論家。討幕之義を唱る事最烈なり」と見える。
English: It can be verified with various diaries and letters that after the formation of the Satsuma-Choshu alliance, he acted to develop friendship between them further and was on good terms with Takayoshi KIDO, Yajiro SHINAGAWA and so on.
Japanese: 薩長同盟後は、さらに両藩の親和のために活動し、木戸孝允、品川弥二郎などと交際を重ねていたことが、種々の日記、書簡などで確認される。
English: On May10, 1867, he escorted Kyosuke YAMAGATA and Koyata TORIO with Kinjiro IJUIN, both from samurai from Choshu, from Shimonoseki to the residence of Satsuma clan in Kyoto (Aritomo YAMAGATA "Hazakura Nikki" [literally, the diary of cherry tree in leaf]).
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）5月10日には伊集院金次郎とともに馬関から長州藩士山縣狂介・鳥尾小弥太を京都の薩摩屋敷まで護衛した（山縣有朋『葉桜日記』）。
English: In autumn of the same year, he had patrolled Kyoto almost every day in a small group, and on September 30, when he encountered Kosaburo AKAMATSU, who was a scholar of military sciences supporting the idea of uniting the court and the shogunate, and engaged in military training for the army in the Satsuma clan, he assassinated him in the daytime as a spy of the shogunate.
Japanese: 同年秋、ほぼ毎日のように数人で京都見回りをしていたが、9月3日、薩摩藩で陸軍教練をしていた公武合体派の軍学者赤松小三郎と京都市中で遭遇し、幕府の密偵として白昼暗殺した。
English: Nakamura had the nickname (given later), 'Hanjiro, the killer,' but only this case was the confirmed actual assassination.
Japanese: 中村には「人斬り半次郎」という（後世の）異名があるが、実際に明らかとなっている暗殺はこの1件だけである。
English: In addition, when Ryoma SAKAMOTO was assassinated in October of the same year, he exerted himself in searching for assassins and communicating with Kaientai (association of masterless samurai organized by Ryoma), a trading company, and Rikuentai (the anti-shogunate army of masterless samurai organized by Shintaro NAKAOKA).
Japanese: また、同年10月に坂本龍馬が暗殺された際には、犯人捜しや海援隊(浪士結社)・陸援隊との連絡等に奔走した。
English: During his stay in Kyoto around the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, his closest friends were Kinjiro IJUIN, who died in the war at Fushimi, Juro KIMOTSUKI, who died in the war in Ueno, and Yaichiro NAGAYAMA, as well as Hiroshi (Oshu) NAKAI, a unique personality, who obtain the petition to transfer power back to the Emperor.
Japanese: 幕末京都時代にもっとも親しかったのは、伏見で戦死した伊集院金二郎、上野で戦死した肝付十郎、そして永山弥一郎だったが、異色の友人として大政奉還建白書に手を入れた中井弘（桜洲）がいる。
English: In the Boshin War (1868), he belonged to the first platoon in the castle town (joka ichiban shotai) and fought in the battle of Fushimi at the headquarters set up in Gokonomiya Shrine, and due to distinguished services he was appointed to assistant chief (kogashira minarai) of the platoon.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争（明治元年、1868年）では、城下一番小隊に属して伏見の戦いで御香宮に戦い、功を以て小隊の小頭見習いを務めた。
English: When Takamori SAIGO, the junior staff officer of the government general (the anti-shogunate army), departed toward the east leading the Tokaido vanguard, he was selected for the chief of the first platoon in the castle town (joka ichiban shotai) and occupied Shizuoka and Odawara.
Japanese: 東征大総督府下参謀・西郷隆盛が東海道先鋒隊を率いて先発東上した際、城下一番小隊隊長に抜擢されて静岡・小田原を占領した。
English: On February 27, Saigo sent Nakamura to Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Kogen who came up to Odawara and asked the reason for coming down to the west and made accompanying soldiers of various domains retreat.
Japanese: 2月27日、西郷は中村を小田原まで来た輪王寺宮公現法親王のもとに派遣し、西上の事由を尋問して随従してきた諸藩兵を撤退させた。
English: After that, he went to Edo and acted as a guard for the meeting between Saigo and Kaishu KATSU and, in the battle against Shogitai army (the Brigade of Righteousness) in Ueno, he took part in the attack on the Kuromon gate under the command of Saigo.
Japanese: 次いで江戸にのぼり、西郷と勝海舟との会談を護衛し、上野の彰義隊との戦いにも西郷指揮のもと黒門口攻撃に参戦した。
English: After this battle, he was attacked by three assassins including Hayato SUZUKI, an Ittoryu swordmaster, on his way back from a bathhouse at Kanda-mikawa-cho Town, accompanied by Shirozaemon KONO, and lost the middle and ring finger of the left hand, although he killed one with his sword and held off the other assassins.
Japanese: この戦いののち、河野四郎左衛門を伴っての湯屋からの帰りに神田三河町で一刀流の剣客鈴木隼人ら3人の刺客に襲われ、1人を斬り撃退したが、左手中指と薬指を失った。
English: After curing the would, on August 21, he was appointed to the deputy commander of the government general (the anti-shogunate army) by Saigo's recommendation, and dispatched to Fujiwara gate (Nikko gate) leading soldiers from the Kagoshima and Utsunomiya domains.
Japanese: この傷を養ったのちの8月21日、西郷の推挙によって大総督府直属の軍監に任じられ、鹿児島・宇都宮の2藩兵を率いて藤原口（日光口）に派遣された。
English: On September 1, he arrived in Ouchi and held a meeting for the attack on Aizu-Wakamatsu and thought out a strategy for the attack on Tochihara.
Japanese: 9月1日に大内に到着し、会津若松攻略のための軍議を主催し、栃原進撃を部署した。
English: After the battle of Sekiyama from the next day to September 4, and battles in the south of Wakamatsu from September 5 to 8, he proceeded to the neighborhood of Wakamatsu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 翌日から4日にかけての関山の戦い、9月5日から8日までの若松南部の戦いを経て若松城近郊へ進出。
English: On September 10, he discussed with Masaharu IJICHI, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Aritomo YAMAGATA and so on and determined the battle array for attacking the castle.
Japanese: 9月10日、伊地知正治・板垣退助・山縣有朋らと軍議し、攻城の分担区域を定める。
English: On this occasion, he was in charge of the southeastern part of the castle around the Fujiwara gate, but his troops joined the actual battle for attacking the castle on September 14.
Japanese: この際、指揮下の藤原口部隊は城の南西部が割り当てられたが、実際に部隊が攻城戦に参戦したのは9月14日であった。
English: On September 22, on the ceremony of the evacuation of the castle after the surrender of the Aziza clan, he played a role to receive the castle representing the Imperial army.
Japanese: 9月22日、会津藩降伏後の開城の式では、官軍を代表して城の受け取り役を務めた。
English: In 1869, when the Kagoshima regular army was established, he was appointed to the commander of the first battalion.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）、鹿児島常備隊がつくられとき、第一大隊の隊長となった。
English: In 1871, when the army under the command of Takamori SAIGO went up to Tokyo to prepare against contingencies after the enforcement of the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures (haihan chiken), he followed him leading his battalion, and when his battalion was incorporated into the imperial convoy, he was appointed colonel.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）、廃藩置県に備えて西郷隆盛が兵を率いて上京したとき、大隊を率いて随い、御親兵に編入され、陸軍大佐に任じられた。
English: In April 1872, he was appointed commander in chief of the Kumamoto garrison (Chinzei Chindai) and moved to Kumamoto to take his new post.
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）4月、鎮西鎮台（熊本鎮台）の司令長官に任命され、熊本に赴任した。
English: From his experiences there, when the conscription ordinance promulgated in November, he looked at it critically, (and it is told that Kirino disdained the army under the new system and called it 'peasant soldiers' and some say that such a way of thinking caused carelessness in the Seinan War).
Japanese: このときの経験から、11月に徴兵令が発布されたときは批判的であった（桐野は新制の軍隊を「農民兵」と侮蔑したという話が伝わっており、こうした見方が西南戦争の際に油断を生んだのではと見る者もいる）。
English: In July of the same year, Kirino made an inspection of Hokkaido (Aisuke KABAYAMA "Sukenori KABAYAMA, my father"), and on his return he submitted his report on the necessity to establish a garrison in Sapporo.
Japanese: 同年7月、桐野は北海道に視察に行き（樺山愛輔『父、樺山資紀』）、帰ってきてからは札幌に鎮台を設置する必要を上申した。
English: In October, when Takamori SAIGO left the government in the political disturbancere in the sixth year of the Meiji (as is commonly said, the dispute over the subjugation of Korea), he submitted his resignation and returned to his home.
Japanese: 10月ぼ明治六年の政変（俗にいう征韓論）で西郷隆盛が下野するや、辞表を提出して帰郷した。
English: In November 1873, Kirino returned to Kagoshima and spent his days reclaiming wilderness in Mt. Kube located in Utsunoya in Honjo Village, Yoshida District, Kagoshima County.
Japanese: 明治6年11月、鹿児島へ帰った桐野は、鹿児島郡吉田郷本城村字宇都谷にある久部山の原野を開墾して日を過ごした。
English: In 1874, when Shigakko (literally, private school) was established for the education of youths in Kagoshima on the initiative of interested retired soldiers, Kunimoto SHINOHARA supervised a school for the shooting squad, Shinpachi MURATA, a school for battery and a school for little boys, and Kirino, the Yoshino reclaimation company, which was established the next year, and he took the initiative of reclaimation activity.
Japanese: 明治7年（1874年）、辞職軍人有志の発議で鹿児島の青少年の教養のために私学校がつくられたとき、篠原国幹が銃隊学校、村田新八が砲隊学校・賞典学校（幼年学校）を監督し、桐野は翌年つくられた吉野開墾社を指導して、率先して開墾事業に励んだ。
English: Questions and answers of Kirino about inside details of the political upheaval of the sixth year of Meiji and the Taiwan expedition was recorded by Kuro ISHIKAWA and Shunjiro NAKAMURA, both the samurai class of Ishikawa Prefecture, who visited Kirino after the Taiwan expedition, in the column of 'Toin Sentan' (the conversation with Mr. Kirino) in the newspaper "Nippon" and "The Records of Seinan War," vol. 1.
Japanese: 同年の台湾出兵ののち石川県士族石川九郎・中村俊次郎が桐野を訪ね、明治六年政変および台湾出兵の内情について質問したときの応答「桐陰仙譚」が新聞『日本』及び『西南記伝』上巻に残っている。
English: On February 6 in 1877, when a conference was held in the Shigakko main campus to consider taking countermeasures in the attack on the explosives warehouse and the assassination plan of Saigo intrigued by Hisao NAKAHARA, discussions were led by Kirino and it was decided to make the large troops go to the north with them.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）、2月6日、火薬庫襲撃事件・中原尚雄の西郷刺殺計画を聞いて開かれた私学校本校での大評議は、桐野主導で議論され、大軍を率いて北上することに決した。
English: For dispatching troops, Shiro IKEGAMI (feudal retainer of Satsuma) was in charge of recruiting, Kunimoto SHINOHARA, organization of troops, Shinpachi MURATA, procurement and arrangement of weapons, and Kirino collection and procurement of various armaments.
Japanese: 出兵のために池上四郎(薩摩藩士)が募兵、篠原国幹が部隊編制、村田新八が兵器の調達整理、永山弥一郎が新兵教練、桐野は各種軍備品の収集調達を担当した。
English: On February 13, the organization of battalions was determined, and Kunimoto SHINOHARA was appointed to the commander of the first battalion, Shinpachi MURATA, the second battalion, Yaichiro NAGAYAMA, the third battalion, Shiro IKEGAMI, the fifth battalion, and Shinsuke BEPPU, the united battalions of the sixth and the seventh, and Kirino, the fourth battalion and concurrently general commander.
Japanese: 2月13日、大隊編制が行われ、一番大隊指揮長に篠原国幹、二番大隊指揮長に村田新八、三番大隊指揮長に永山弥一郎、五番大隊指揮長に池上四郎、六番・七番大隊連合指揮長に別府晋介が選任され、桐野は四番大隊指揮長となり、総司令を兼ねた。
English: On February 20, the advance force of Shinsuke BEPPU arrived in Kawajiri and encountered the scouts of the Kumamoto garrison, when the actual fight of the Seinan War began.
Japanese: 2月20日、先発した別府晋介の部隊が川尻に着し、熊本鎮台偵察隊と衝突し、西南戦争（西南の役）の実戦が開始された。
English: Kirino, together with Ikegami, commanded the front troops, but the Kumamoto Castle was sturdy and did not fall at once.
Japanese: 桐野は池上とともに正面軍を指揮したが、熊本城は堅城ですぐには陥ちなかった。