nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: But if applying the theory that 'Four Gods = Mountain, river, road and lake', then Tokyo Bay, which is likely to be Suzaku (god said to rule over the southern heavens), spreads from east to south-by-southeast, and Koshu-kaido Road, which is likely to be Byakko (god said to rule over the western heavens), only stretches to the west no matter how you see them in their favor."
Japanese: しかし、「四神＝山川道澤」説を採用するとすれば、どう贔屓目にみても朱雀となりそうな東京湾は東から南東を経て南への広りがあるわけだし、白虎となりそうな甲州街道も単に西に延びているだけである。
English: It is far-fetched to say that such geography matches the theory of 'Four Gods = Mountain, river, road and lake.'
Japanese: このような地形をもって、「四神＝山川道澤」説に合致しているとするのは、牽強付会というべきだろう。
English: Furthermore, the interpretation that Himeji Castle, Fukuyama Castle (Bingo-no-kuni) or Kumamoto Castle matches the Shijin-so-o topography of 'Mountain, river, road and lake' theory emerged later.
Japanese: さらに言えば、姫路城や福山城(備後国)、熊本城などを「山川道澤」の四神相応とするもの同様に後世に創られた解釈である。
English: As for Nagoya Castle, "Kinjo-onko-roku records" mentions that 'Your great castle has roads open to four directions, and people gather from all over the world; like the world's castle, it places chokepoints at about 40 kilometers; it has mountains in the east, the sea in the south, Kiso-gawa River in the northwest, and in between it installs strategic stops at a distance of about 140 kilometers (omission); lying ahead, a fort on Mt. Yagoto in the east, Saya and the armed camp in Kiyosu in the west (omission); with the castle, camps and walls, these indicate the key castle of Shijin-so-o topography.'
Japanese: 名古屋城についても『金城温古録』では、「名府御城の如きは、道を四道に開かれて、四方より人民輻湊する事、恰も天下の城の如く十里に嶮地を置き、東は山、南は海、西北は木曾川あり、その中間、三五里を隔て要害設し給ふ（中略）、先は東は八事山の砦柵、西は佐屋、清州の陣屋（中略）、城、場、郭の三を備へ、四神相応の要地の城とは、これを申奉るなるべし」と記述されている。
English: There is no concept of certain fortune on a certain direction in the feng shui of ancient China, so it is an original Japanese concept to abhor Kimon (the direction of northeast, called an ogre gate) and Urakimon (the direction of southwest which is the opposite side of Kimon).
Japanese: また古代中国の風水では特定の方位について固定した吉凶をとる考えはなく、鬼門・裏鬼門を忌むのは日本独自の考え方である。
English: In this sense, one must doubt the theory expressed in "Kamadoyama Kyuki histroy book" that Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine was made based on feng shui according to the description that Kamado-jinja Shrine was made to protect Kimon of Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine at the time of its construction.
Japanese: そういう点で『竈門山旧記』を根拠として、竈門神社が大宰府の鬼門を護るために大宰府建設時に創建されたという記述から、大宰府が風水に則って作られたとする説は問題が多い。
English: This is how the interpretation of Shijin-so-o topography has changed from ancient times to the early modern times, and it is believed to be unique and different from the feng shui of ancient China.
Japanese: このように四神相応の解釈は古代から近世にかけて変化していき、古代中国の風水とは異なる独自のものであったと考えられる。
English: Grand Sumo - The four tassels with different colors above the sumo ring were relics of four pillars that originally held up the roof of Kataya, indicating the Four Gods.
Japanese: 大相撲-土俵上にある4つの色分けされた房は元来方屋の屋根を支えた4柱の名残であり四神を表している。
English: Emperor Uda (June 14, 867 - September 8, 931), the fifty-ninth Japanese Emperor, was in power from December 9, 887 to August 8, 897.
Japanese: 宇多天皇（うだてんのう、貞観9年5月5日（867年6月10日）-承平元年7月19日（931年9月3日））は、日本の第59代天皇（在位：仁和3年11月17日（887年12月5日）-寛平9年7月3日（897年8月4日））。
English: Although he once left the Imperial Family and was granted the surname of Genji and called MINAMOTO no Sadami, he returned to the Imperial Family on August 29, 887 with the help of Kampaku, chief adviser to the Emperor, FUJIWARA no Mototsune, and became a prince on August 30, 888.
Japanese: 一度臣籍降下し、源氏の姓を賜って源定省を称したが、後に実力者の関白藤原基経の後押しで887年（仁和3年）8月25日に皇族に復帰し、翌8月26日に皇太子に立てられる。
English: This is strongly related to the fact that Emperor Uda was the adopted son of Naishi no Tsukasa FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, who was Mototsune's half-sister.
Japanese: これには宇多天皇が基経の異母妹である内侍司藤原淑子の猶子であったことが大きい。
English: The first child, Imperial Prince Atsugimi (later called Emperor Daigo), was the son of Nyogo (Empress Dowager Zo), FUJIWARA no Inshi (Taneko).
Japanese: 第一皇子敦仁親王（のちの醍醐天皇）は、女御（贈皇太后）藤原胤子の子。
English: After Nyogo FUJIWARA no Inshi died of illness, Imperial Prince Atsugimi was adopted and she became the prince's wife when Emperor Daigo was enthroned.
Japanese: 女御藤原胤子が病没後、皇太子敦仁親王を猶子とし、醍醐天皇即位に伴い、皇太夫人となる。
English: Shinjaku-Hosshinno was the son of TACHIBANA no Gishi (Noriko), whose wife was the daughter of SUGAWARA no Michizane; the name became apparent years later, when SUGAWARA no Michizane had a false charge brought against him.
Japanese: 橘義子からは真寂法親王があり、菅原道真女を妻としたことから、後年菅原道真の誣告に際してその名が出た。
English: The Genji clan, which originated from the Emperor Uda Family, is called Uda-Genji; those who came from the Genji group of FUJIWARA no Inshi's daughter, Imperial Prince Atsumi, had the most power.
Japanese: 宇多天皇から出た源氏を宇多源氏といい、藤原胤子の子・敦実親王から出た系列が最も栄えた。
English: MINAMOTO no Masanobu, Imperial Prince Atsumi's son, became Sadaijin; his daughter, MINAMOTO no Rinshi, was a wife of FUJIWARA no Michinaga and mother of Emperor Ichijo Chugu FUJIWARA no Shoshi and Kampaku FUJIWARA no Yorimichi.
Japanese: 敦実親王の子・源雅信は左大臣を務め、その女・源倫子は藤原道長の正室となり、一条天皇中宮藤原彰子や関白藤原頼通の母となった。
English: The lords of the Imperial Palace who kept their positions were the AYANOKOJI Family and the SASAKI clan, who were descendents of the Masanobu, who had originally moved to Ohmi and were indigenized and gave themselves the name SASAKI.
Japanese: 朝廷貴族としての地位を維持した子孫としては、公家の綾小路家などがあり、また雅信から近江に土着した佐々木氏が出ている。
English: In the old days it was believed that Emperor Uda came to power due to his strict Buddhist belief; however, one recent theory says the reason was that dominant political control had been taken away from the Fujiwara clan, or that it was done to stop the complaints from the royal families after Emperor Uda came into power by coming back to the Imperial Family, although he had become an allegiant (as indicated by the retired Emperor Yozei in his remark in "Okagami (The Great Mirror)," which is described below).
Japanese: 天皇の譲位については古くは仏道専心説が有力であったが、近年では藤原氏からの政治的自由を確保するためとする説、一旦臣下から皇族に復帰して即位したためにこれに不満を抱く他の皇族の皇位要求の動きに先んじた説などがある（後述の『大鏡』の陽成上皇の発言はその暗示ともされる）。
English: Emperor Uda mentioned in "Kampyo-Goyuikai"/"Kampyo-no-Goyuikai (a group of precepts for governing)" that he was greatly shocked by the death of Udaijin, MINAMOTO no Yoshiari, which could have been one of the reasons he left the throne.
Japanese: また『寛平御遺誡』には右大臣源能有の死による強い衝撃について書かれており、退位と結びつける見方もある。
English: According to an anecdotal story in "Okagami (The Great Mirror)," the retired Emperor Yozei said that Emperor Uda used to serve him. It is also said to have been a big headache for the retired Emperor Uda as Emperor Yozei had tried to restore his government.
Japanese: 『大鏡』には、陽成上皇が宇多天皇のことを、「あれはかつて私に仕えていた者ではないか」と言ったという逸話が残っているが、陽成上皇が復位を画策しているという風説は天皇を悩ませた。
English: According to the "Chousyu-ki" (an article of June 7, 1135) written during the Hoei period, when the retired Emperor Yozei had tried to enter the palace, Emperor Uda forbade the retired Emperor Yozei from entering the palace without his permission; however, later on Emperor Uda tried to enter the palace when the Shotai-no-Hen/Shotai Incident happened, and he tried to ask Emperor Daigo to stop SUGAWARA no Michizane's degradation, but could not do so because of the regulation that he himself had made.
Japanese: 保延年間に書かれた『長秋記』（保延元年6月7日条）によれば、陽成上皇が宇多天皇の内裏に勝手に押し入ろうとしたために、上皇といえども天皇の許しなく内裏に入る事が禁じられたが、後に昌泰の変が起きた時に醍醐天皇に菅原道真の左遷を止めさせようとして内裏に入ろうとした宇多上皇がこの決まりを盾に阻まれたと記されている。
English: This was an example of a member of the Imperial Family who abdicated and then returned and became the Emperor because there was no one to succeed the enthronement; it is said that the event of Emperor Uda's enthronement could have been set up by FUJIWARA no Yoshiko and Mototsune, although Imperial Prince Motoyoshi was still alive.
Japanese: 皇位継承者不在の危機にあたり、臣籍降下した者が即位した例であるが、当時在世中の元良親王らを超越しての即位であり、藤原淑子・基経による擁立劇という側面もある。
English: A power struggle occurred after the young Emperor Uda was enthroned, when he and Yoshitsune, who wanted control over the Emperor, fought against each other in the "Ako Affair."
Japanese: 即位直後におきた「阿衡事件」は、天皇を自らの傀儡にしたい基経と、若き天皇との主導権争いでもある。
English: Although the affair was settled by Emperor's concession, the Emperor was smarter than Mototsune believed he was, and he changed the government into the "Shinse" style; for example, he appointed SUGAWARA no Michizane to a position of trust.
Japanese: 事件は天皇の譲歩に終わったものの、基経が想像するよりは英明な人物であったから、菅原道真を重用するなど、次第に「親政」色を強めてゆくことに成功した。
English: It is said that the Emperor Uda took actual control of the government while Emperor Daigo remained sick in his last years.
Japanese: 晩年は病気がちの醍醐天皇に代わって、実際の政務を執っていたいう説もある。
English: Some people said that "Engi-Tenryaku-no-chi," which was supposed to be governed well by Emperor Daigo and Emperor Murakami, should be called "Kampyo-no-chi," since the actual politics were based on Emperor Uda's (priest in a high position) style.
Japanese: 「延喜天暦の治」と賞せられる醍醐天皇・村上天皇の「善政」とされるものの多くは宇多天皇（法皇）の政策の延長上に過ぎず「寛平の治」と呼ぶのが妥当ではないかという説もある。
English: There was a big waka (Japanese poetry) ceremony called "Teiji-in Uta-awase," which was held after Emperor Uda came to power, thus representing the great influence of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture).
Japanese: 譲位後に行った大掛かりな和歌の行事である「亭子院歌合」は、国風文化の盛行の流れを後押しするものである。
English: It is said that the name of Emperor Uda came from the place where he abdicated (Tsuigo is sometimes considered to be a type of posthumous name, but strictly speaking these are two different names); however, he spent most of the time at Ninna-ji Temple Omuro, Teijino-in and Rokujo-in (though another theory says the reason was that Emperor Uda spent his childhood at Uda-in, which was the house of his father, Emperor Koko, when he was the Imperial Prince).
Japanese: 通説では譲位後の在所の名称より宇多天皇と追号された（追号も諡号の一種とする場合もあるが、厳密には両者は異なる）と言われているが、実際の居宅は仁和寺御室・亭子院・六条院を主としていたという（宇多院は元は父の光孝天皇の親王時代の邸宅で、宇多天皇はここで成長したからだという異説もある）。
English: He was also called Kampyo-Hoo, Teijinoin and Dajo-emperor Suzakuin.
Japanese: また、寛平法皇、亭子院（ていじのいん）、朱雀院太上天皇などの名称でも呼ばれた。
English: The Imperial Mausoleum is located at Ouchiyama no misasagi, in Uda-no-tani, Narutaki, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 陵墓は京都市右京区鳴滝宇多野谷にある大内山陵（おおうちやまのみささぎ）とされる。
English: The surname of Sumitomo originates from Kotaro (Tadashige), the twenty-second-generation descendant of Takamochi-oh, a great grandson of Emperor Kanmu, who took the surname "Sumitomo" after the surname and given name of his father, Masami Hirauchi Tomosada, who lived at the end of the Sengoku period; and Kotaro served Shogun Muromachi and was appointed as the Bichumori guard.
Japanese: 住友の姓は、戦国の末、もともと先祖に順美平内友定という人物がおり、桓武天皇の曾孫・高望王の二十二代目にその子・小太郎（忠重）が父の姓と名をとって「住友」の姓を称して室町将軍に仕えて、備中守に任じられたのに始まる。
English: The ancestors of the Sumitomo Family, who were Sengoku samurai and descendants of Heike, lived during the tumultuous period of Japanese history known as the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States), when warriors fought each other in order to expand their lands.
Japanese: 平家の末裔である戦国武士だった住友家の先祖は、国取り物語の戦国時代(日本)を有為転変の歴史を生きる。
English: The "earliest ancestor," Tadashige SUMITOMO, who served Shogun Muromachi, had a son called Yorisada who served Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, and Yorisada's son Sadanobu called himself Osakabe-sho.
Japanese: 室町将軍に仕えた「始祖」・住友忠重の子・頼定は、足利義晴に仕え、頼定の子・定信は刑部承と称した。
English: Moreover, Sadanobu's son Sadashige served Yoshitada IMAGAWA (the grandfather of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA). After the Imagawa clan was destroyed during Nobusada's lifetime, Sadashige's son served Kiyohide NAKAGAWA in Settsu, calling himself the guardian of Irie Tosanokami. He was known as one of the "sixteen horses of Nakagawa", but died during the Battle of Ozaki.
Japanese: そして、定信の子・定重は、今川義忠（今川義元の祖父）に仕えるが、定重の子・信定の代になり、今川氏が滅んでしまったので、摂津の中川清秀に仕え、入江土佐守と称し、中川十六騎の一人として知られたが、尾崎の陣で戦死してしまう。
English: Then, Irie Tosanokami guard (Nobusada)'s son Masatoshi served the Shibata clan in Echizen-no-kuni, called himself the Wakasamori guard; he was stationed in Echizen-Maruoka-jo Castle but died in Hokujo-jo Castle together with Katsuie SHIBATA.
Japanese: また入江土佐守（信定）の子・政俊は越前国の柴田氏に仕え、若狭守と称し越前丸岡城にあったが、柴田勝家と共に北庄城で滅んでしまった。
English: Masatoshi's son Nagamichi was employed by Hideyasu YUKI, who was a son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and was adopted as a son-in-law by the Yuki Family, thus ending the history of the Sumitomo as a Samurai family.
Japanese: 政俊の子・長行は、徳川家康の子で結城家へ養子入りした結城秀康に用いられるが、住友家の武家の歴史はここまでである。
English: Nagamichi, who might have felt the severity and heartlessness of the ups and downs of the society of samurai families (although that was the way of Sengoku), ordered his children to leave the world of samurai families.
Japanese: 戦国の習いとはいえ、武家社会の興亡の激しさと無情を感じたのか長行は、自分の子供たちに武家の世界から足を洗わせた。
English: Nagamichi's second son, Masatomo SUMITOMO, who had inherited the family estate instead of his elder brother Kobe, was born during the Tensho era, studied under Giyuishonin-Kugen (the founder of the Nehan-shu sect) and became a Buddhist who called himself "Monjuin Kuzen."
Japanese: 長行の二男で兄の興兵衛に代わって家督を継いだ住友政友は、天正年間に生まれ、涅槃宗(日本)の開祖、空源乃意上人にしたがって仏門に入り「文殊院空禅」と称した。
English: Masatomo, who was considered the omniscient successor of the Nehan-shu sect, returned to secular life after the Nehan-shu sect was absorbed into the Tendai-shu sect during the Kanei era and opened "Fujiya," a business dealing with books and pharmaceuticals in Rakuchu (called himself Kakyu), and started a hardworking life.
Japanese: 宏学達識で涅槃宗の後継者と見られていたが、寛永年間に涅槃宗が天台宗に吸収されたのを機に還俗し、洛中に、書籍と医薬品を商う「富士屋」を開き、号を嘉休と称し修道三昧の生活を始めた。
English: Masatomo wrote instructions pertaining to business in "Monjuin's Directions," which remains the prototype for company codes in each company of the Sumitomo Group to the present day.
Japanese: 政友は商売上の心得を『文殊院旨意書』にまとめたが、これは現在に至るまで住友グループ各社の社是の原型となっている。
English: In the Sumitomo Family there are two distinctions: the "founder of a family" in the Sumitomo Family, and the "founder of a business" of the Sumitomo Family.
Japanese: 住友家には、住友家の「家祖」と、住友家の事業の「業祖」の2人がいる。
English: Masatomo SUMITOMO (the founder of a family), who was called Kakyu, had one son and one daughter: the son Seii inherited "Fujiya"; the daughter.
Japanese: 嘉休こと住友政友（家祖）には一男一女があり、男の子政以には「富士屋」の跡を継がせ、女の子には、
English: Riemon Soga, who was the husband of Kakyu's elder sister and a dealer in copper who believed in the Nehan-shu sect and was a Buddhist parishioner of Ku-zen (Masatomo), gave Masatomo material and mental support when Masatomo returned to the secular life and opened "Fujiya."
Japanese: 嘉休の姉婿にあたる銅師で、涅槃宗の信徒であり、空禅（政友）の檀家であった蘇我理右衛門は、空禅が還俗して「富士屋」を開く際、物心両面で政友を助けた。
English: The eldest son of Riemon SOGA (the founder of a business), Riemon Tomomochi (Tomomochi SUMITOMO) was adopted by the Sumitomo Family, which turned out to be an encounter of the Sumitomo Family with copper.
Japanese: そして蘇我理右衛門（業祖）の長子理兵衛友以（住友友以）を養子に迎えたことが、住友家と銅との出会いであった。
English: The Sumitomo Family is closely connected with copper refining, which began in the year 19 of Tensho when Riemon learned the refining method used to separate silver from crude copper, which was called the "Nanban-fuki copper refining method" by Hakusui of Minjin (from Min), who had come to Senshu-Sakaiura.
Japanese: 住友家と精銅とは、切っても切り離せないものがあるが、その端緒となったのは、理右衛門が、天正19年、泉州堺浦に来た明人の白水から「南蛮吹き」と称される粗銅から銀を分離する精錬法を学んだことに始まる。
English: At that time it wasn't known in Japan that gold, silver and the like were contained in crude copper, nor was the refining technique for separating gold and silver known.
Japanese: 当時の日本では、粗銅の中に、金・銀などが含まれていることが知られておらず、また金や銀を分離するその精錬技術も未知のものだった。
English: Riemon learned from Hakusui of Minjin the refining method and kept it secret, and thanks to the Nanban-fuki copper refining method the Sumitomo Family gained enormous profit by extracting silver from crude copper.
Japanese: 理右衛門は、明人の白水からその精錬方法を学ぶと、その技術を秘伝としてたが、この「南蛮吹き」のおかげで、住友家は粗銅から銀を取り出して、膨大な利益を上げるようになった。
English: Excavation at the Besshidozan copper mine in Iyo was started in the 4th year of Genroku, which was during the lifetime of Tomoyoshi SUMITOMO, a grandchild of Riemon Tomomochi SUMITOMO.
Japanese: 住友理兵衛友以の孫にあたる住友友芳の代には、元禄4年に伊予の別子銅山の開堀に着手。
English: This developed into a mine that boasted the world's greatest copper production, supporting Japan as an important export item and serving as the major Sumitomo business for approximately 280 years.
Japanese: これが世界最大級の産銅量を誇る鉱山に成長し、重要な輸出品として日本を支えることとなると共に約280年にもわたって住友の重要な事業の柱となった。
English: The foundation of today's Sumitomo Family, or the starting point of Sumitomo Zaibatsu, can be said to have been built by the Besshidozan copper mine that Tomoyoshi SUMITOMO developed; and in fact, in the history of the Sumitomo Family, the fourth-generation kichizaemon Tomoyoshi is considered to be the "restorer of the Sumitomo Family."
Japanese: 今日の住友家の基礎、住友財閥の出発点は、この住友友芳が開発した別子銅山によって築き上げられたものであると言ってよく、事実、住友家の歴史の中では、この四世吉左衛門友芳をもって、「住友家中興の祖」としている。
English: During the Meiji era the Sumitomo family was engaged in cultural enterprises, and the fifteenth-generation kichizaemon Tomoito SUMITOMO donated the building that would become the Osaka Prefectural Nakanoshima Library.
Japanese: 明治時代に入ってからは文化事業にも関わり、十五代目吉左衛門住友友純（ともいと）は大阪府立中之島図書館の建物を寄贈。
English: Tomoito's son, the sixteenth-generation kichizaemon Tomonari SUMITOMO, was also a Araragi-ha poet and was on close terms with Mokichi SAITO and Jun KAWADA (who was also an executive at the Sumitomo main office).
Japanese: その子十六代目吉左衛門住友友成はアララギ派の歌人でもあり、斉藤茂吉、川田順（住友本社の重役でもあった）とも交流があった。
English: Incidentally, it was from the third-generation head of the Sumitomo family, Tomonobu SUMITOMO (son of Tomomochi), that the heads of the Sumitomo family began calling themselves "Kichizaemon."
Japanese: なお、住友家当主が「吉左衛門」を名乗るようになったのは、三代当主住友友信（友以の子）からである。
English: The Sumitomo Family in Sumitomo Zaibatsu, specifically since Tomoito SUMITOMO, took the position, "(He) reigns but does not govern."
Japanese: 住友財閥における住友家、特に住友友純以降のそれは「君臨すれども統治せず」の立場をとった。
English: All the duties of the successive Kichizaemon as president of the zaibatsu (main company) are the repository of trust in the head of the directors of the main Sumitomo company (Sumitomo Limited Partnership Corporation); therefore, the successive Kichizaemon did not give any specific orders to the individual businesses.
Japanese: 財閥本社社長たる歴代吉左衛門の仕事は、究極的には財閥の事実上の最高権力者である住友本社（住友合資会社）総理事の信認に尽きるといってよく、個々の事業に口を差し挟む事はなかった。
English: Additionally, although Kanichi and Moto, who were brothers of the sixteenth-generation Kichizaemon Tomonari, were stockholders of the Sumitomo main company, they were never named as executives of the main company or any of its subsidiary companies.
Japanese: また、16代目吉左衛門友成の兄弟である寛一・元夫は住友本社の株主ではあったが、本社はもちろん傘下事業の役員にも名を連ねることはなかった。
English: This tendency has in fact existed since the Edo period (there were many cases where family heads were not engaged in management because they were in infancy or in poor health, or for other reasons, and consequently the so-called "ohbanto" would control the business).
Japanese: この傾向は実は江戸時代から存在していたが（当主が幼少、病弱その他の理由などで、経営に関わらなかったケースが多く、実権はいわゆる「大番頭」が握っていた）。
English: Since the Meiji era, when the Companies Act was established on one hand while, on the other hand, Tomoito SUMITOMO (who had no experience as a businessman since he was from the Miyatake Family of old court nobility) became the family head, this tendency became more prominent.
Japanese: 一方で会社法が整備され、他方で旧公家宮武家出身で実業家としての経験がない友純が当主となった明治に入ってからは、一層顕著になった。
English: However, this does not mean there was any kind of tension between the Zaibatsu Family and executives of the Zaibatsu main company or the subsidiary companies, as the Mitsui Zaibatsu had.
Japanese: 但し、三井財閥のように、財閥家族と財閥本社役員及び傘下企業の間に一種の緊張関係があった訳ではなかった。
English: As symbolized by the fact that Kichizaemon was called "Kacho-sama," extremely high respect was accorded to the Kichizaemon, from the high-ranking position of head of the directors down to the rank and file, and the successive Kichizaemon elevated the Sumitomo name through the cultural enterprise on one hand while on the other hand trying to raise the corporate morale as the family head and president of the Zaibatsu main company.
Japanese: 吉左衛門を「家長様」と呼んでいた事に象徴されるように、上は総理事から下は一般社員までに至る吉左衛門に対する敬愛の念はすこぶる高く、歴代吉左衛門もまた、一方では文化事業を通じて住友の名を高め、他方では家長・財閥本社社長として企業モラルの引き締めの任に当たっていた。
English: In November 1947, in an effort to disperse the power to control business by the Zaibatsu family and to break up the human relationships, the Zaibatsu family was designated and "zaibatsu douzoku shihairyoku haijo hou '48 [Law for the Termination of Zaibatsu Family Control] was established.
Japanese: 財閥家族の企業支配力を分散し、人的関係の切断がはかられたのが、財閥家族の指定であり、そして昭和22年11月に成立した「財閥同族支配力排除法」であった。
English: The Holding Company Liquidation Commission, in accordance with the order by the forces of the Allied Occupation, selected the standards by which to determine the scope of the Zaibatsu family as follows:
Japanese: 持株会社整理委員会は、占領軍当局の指令を受けて、財閥家族の範囲を確定する基準を下記のように選択した。
English: According to the above-mentioned standards, in February 1947 the following people among the Sumitomo Family were designated as the Zaibatsu family:
Japanese: 以上の基準によって、昭和22年2月、住友家ではつぎのものが財閥家族に指定された
English: Hereinafter the Sumitomo Family since the Meiji era, as well as their relatives and marriages, will be described.
Japanese: ここでは、明治に入ってからの住友家とその親族・姻戚関係について述べる。
English: At the beginning of the Meiji era, the Sumitomo enterprise was run by Kichizaemon Tomochika (the twelfth-generation Kichizaemon) and his son Kichizaemon Tomotada (the thirteenth-generation Kichizaemon). Misfortune struck the Sumitomo family, however, with the passing of their male heirs when Tomochika and then Tomotada died in 1890.
Japanese: 明治に入って、住友事業は12代目吉左衛門友親と、その子13代目吉左衛門友忠の下で営まれていたが、1890年に友親、友忠が相次いで亡くなり、男系相続者が途絶してしまう非運に見舞われる。
English: At that time the sorinin of the Sumitomo Family, Saihei HIROSE, and the manager of the Osaka main office, Teigo IBA, decided that Tomochika's wife Toku would succeed to the name of the fourteenth-generation Kichizaemon on one hand and that Takamaro TOKUDAIJI, from the Seiga Family, would be adopted as son-in-law to marry Tomotada's younger sister Masu, whereby the bloodline of the Sumitomo Family could be successfully maintained.
Japanese: この時、住友家総理人広瀬宰平と大阪本店支配人伊庭貞剛は、友親の妻・登久に14代目吉左衛門を襲名させる一方、友忠の妹・満寿の婿養子として清華家の徳大寺隆麿を迎え、住友家の命脈をつないだ。
English: Takamaro TOKUDAIJI became the fifteenth-generation Kichizaemon Tomoito SUMITOMO, as a brother of Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI and Kinmochi SAIONJI.
Japanese: これが15代目吉左衛門住友友純で、徳大寺実則、西園寺公望の実弟である。
English: In fact, during the Edo period the imperial bloodline of the Emperor Higashiyama was adopted by the Tokudaiji Family of the Seiga Family, and therefore the Sumitomo Family was entitled to the status of baron because the fifteenth-generation kichizaemon Tomoito was exchanged to the imperial bloodline of the early-modern history when traced back according to the male line.
Japanese: 実はこの清華家の徳大寺家は江戸時代に東山天皇の皇胤が養子に入っており、15代目吉左衛門友純をもって住友男爵家は、男系でたどれば近世の天皇の皇胤系に入れ替わった。
English: (Family line according to male line: Higashiyama Emperor - Kanin-no-miya Imperial Prince Naohito - Sukehira TAKATSUKASA - Masahiro TAKATSUKASA - Masamichi TAKATSUKASA - Kinito TOKUDAIJI - Tomoito SUMITOMO)
Japanese: （男系系図：東山天皇━閑院宮直仁親王━鷹司輔平━鷹司政煕━鷹司政通━徳大寺公純━住友友純）
English: Tomoito SUMITOMO and his wife Masu, who was Tomochika's eldest daughter, had four sons (the third son died while still a child) and one daughter.
Japanese: 住友友純は、友親の長女・満寿夫人との間に4男1女（3男は早世）をもうけた。
English: However, since the eldest son, Kanichi, was disinherited, the second son, Atsushi, became head of the Sumitomo family, adopting the name Kichizaemon Tomonari to become the sixteenth-generation Kichizaemon.
Japanese: しかしながら、長男の寛一は廃嫡となり、次男の厚が16代目吉左衛門友成として住友家を継いだ。
English: Kichizaemon Tomonari SUMITOMO married Haruko, a second daughter of the duke Hachiro SAIONJI, the former Togu-shoku Goyo-gakari (Kinmochi SAIONJI's daughter's husband, the eighth son of the duke Motonori MORI, a feudal lord of old Nagato-no-kuni, of the Domain of Yamaguchi (Domain of Choshu)).
Japanese: 住友吉左衛門友成は元東宮職御用掛の公爵西園寺八郎（西園寺公望の女婿・旧長門国山口藩（長州藩）藩主・公爵毛利元徳の8男）の次女・春子と結婚した。
English: Tomonari and Haruko, as husband and wife, had no sons but had two daughters; the first daughter, Kuniko, married Ikumi (a science faculty professor at Tokyo University), who was the first son of Yukisada SASAKI, a former marquess who had served in the position of the former Isejingu Daiguji.
Japanese: 友成・春子夫妻は男子に恵まれなかったものの2女をもうけ、長女・邦子は、旧侯爵・元伊勢神宮大宮司などを歴任した、佐々木行忠の長男行美（東京大学理学部教授）に嫁いでいる。