nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: (from/to Kokusai Kaikan Station) Marutamachi Station, Karasuma Miike Station (from/to Takeda Station)
Japanese: （至国際会館駅）←丸太町駅(京都市営地下鉄)-烏丸御池駅→（至竹田駅(京都府)）
English: (from/to Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station) Nishioji Oike Station, Nijo Station, Nijojo-mae Station, Karasuma Miike Station, Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae Station (from/to Rokujizo Station)
Japanese: （至太秦天神川駅）←西大路御池駅-二条駅-二条城前駅-烏丸御池駅-京都市役所前駅→（至六地蔵駅）
English: (from/to Shijo-Omiya Station) Saiin Station, Nishioji Sanjo Station (from/to Arashiyama Station)
Japanese: （至四条大宮駅）←西院駅→西大路三条駅→（至嵐山駅(京福電気鉄道)）
English: The Tango Peninsula is a peninsula in the north of Kyoto Prefecture, thrusting northeast into the Sea of Japan.
Japanese: 丹後半島（たんごはんとう）は、京都府北部の日本海に北東に突き出た半島。
English: It is also called Yosa Peninsula or Okutango Peninsula.
Japanese: 与謝半島（よさはんとう）、奥丹後半島（おくたんごはんとう）ともいう。
English: The Tango Peninsula includes the entire region of Kyotango City and Ine-cho, Yosa-gun as well as part of Miyazu City and Yosano-cho, Yosa-gun, all of which are in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府京丹後市と与謝郡伊根町の全域、与謝郡与謝野町と宮津市の一部が含まれる。
English: Wakasa Bay lies between Cape Kyoga-misaki on the northern edge of the Tango Peninsula and Cape Echizen-misaki on the Echizen Coast.
Japanese: 丹後半島北端にある経ヶ岬から、越前海岸にある越前岬をもって若狭湾を形成する。
English: Amanohashidate (sand bar) stretches over at the base of the southeastern part of the peninsula, forming the Aso-kai (inland sea), being detached from Miyazu Bay.
Japanese: 半島南東部の付け根付近では天橋立が伸び、宮津湾から阿蘇海を形成している。
English: Areas on the Tango Peninsula have had close contact with the Asian continent since ancient times, and archaeological excavations in recent years have shown that powerful clans existed in the region.
Japanese: 古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で近年の考古学的発掘によりこの地方に一大勢力があったことが確認されている。
English: In Tango region, silk weaving, known as the Tango chirimen (silk crepe), developed since the middle of the Edo period.
Japanese: 丹後地方では江戸時代中期より絹織物が発達し、丹後ちりめんとして有名。
English: There are many tourist and scenic spots on the Tango Peninsula, attracting many tourists who bathe in the sea in summer, and enjoy crab dishes in winter.
Japanese: 観光地や景勝地が多く、夏は海水浴、冬はカニ料理を目当てに訪れる観光客で賑わう。
English: Although it had been called Nagaoka-cho, Otokuni-gun before city status was granted, the city was named Nagaokakyo City because the city named 'Nagaoka City' already existed in Niigata Prefecture.
Japanese: 市制前は乙訓郡長岡町と呼ばれていたが、新潟県長岡市が先にあったので、このような名前となった。
English: Nagaokakyo Station: A station on the Tokaido Main Line (JR Kyoto Line) of West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Nagaokakyo City.
Japanese: 長岡京駅-長岡京市にある西日本旅客鉄道（JR西日本）東海道本線（JR京都線）の駅。
English: Nagaoka-kyo was established in 784 when Emperor Kanmu transferred the capital from Heijo-kyo to Nagaoka-kyo.
Japanese: 長岡京(ながおかきょう)は784年(延暦3年)、桓武天皇が平城京から遷都して造営された。
English: It is interesting to know that the year 784 was the year of the Kasshi kakurei (the first year of the sixty-year cycle in Chinese calendar when changes are often said to happen), and that Emperor Kanmu was a direct descendant of Emperor Tenchi, not of Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 784年は甲子革令の年であり、桓武帝は天武天皇系から天智天皇系の天皇であったことも興味深い。
English: The 'Shoku Nihongi' (historical books written in the Heian period) describes the reason for the transfer of the capital as easy access to water and land transportation; however,
Japanese: 遷都については、「続日本紀」には、水陸の交通の便が理由であるとの記述が見えるが、
English: In 785, a 'zo-nagaoka-kyo-shi' (造長岡京使) (one of the extra statutory officers who was in charge of building Nagaoka-kyo), FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu was murdered, and Emperor Kanmu's kotaitei (brother and the first heir to the throne), Imperial Prince Sawara became a suspect and was banished.
Japanese: しかし、翌785年造長岡京使藤原種継が何者かによって暗殺され、その容疑が桓武天皇の皇太弟早良親王にかけられたため、早良親王が配流される事件が起きる。
English: After a short period of ten years, the capital was transferred again to Heian-kyo in 794.
Japanese: その後わずか10年後、794年(延暦13年)に平安京へ再遷都された。
English: Misfortunes, such as the natural disaster mentioned above, an epidemic, and the empress's and imperial prince's illness, were said to be caused by Imperial Prince Sawara's ghost.
Japanese: 上記災害や疫病、皇后や皇太子の発病など、早良親王の怨霊を原因とすると占われた数々の不幸が襲ったため。
English: Nagaoka-kyo had been called the 'phantom capital' until recently, but members led by Shuichi NAKAYAMA, a high school teacher, began to excavate the area in 1954, and the following year, they found the site of the gate of the Daidairi Chodoin (a large hall at the front in the palace); more excavation and research have been done to date (partly because research on the land has been required to meet the increased demand of land for industrial use and housing), and the site has been designated as a National Historical Site since 1964.
Japanese: なお、近年まで「幻の都」とされていたが、1954年(昭和29年)より、高校教員であった中山修一を中心として発掘が開始され、翌1955年(昭和30年)、大内裏朝堂院の門跡が発見されたのを皮切りとして、今日までにかなり発掘調査が進み（当該地域で急速な宅地化、工業地化が進み、緊急調査を強いられ続けた側面もあるのだが）、1964年に国の史跡に指定された。
English: Contrary to popular belief that the Nagaoka-kyo was unfinished and abandoned, the construction of Nagaoka-kyo was nearly complete, as shown in the reconstruction of not only the old palaces such as Naniwa no Miya but also the buildings in Heijo-kyo.
Japanese: 未完成で放棄されたとした従来の定説と異なり、難波宮や他の旧宮、はたまた平城京の建造物までが移築され、かなり完成した姿であった。
English: Some believe that the transfer of the capital to Nagaoka-kyo was a token gesture due to the short period of time, and that the main purpose of the transfer was to prepare for the major transfer and thus it was a practice of 'kata-tagae' ('changing directions' according to Japanese esoteric cosmology 'Onmyodo').
Japanese: また、その期間の短さから形だけの遷都、本来の目的は山城国で長岡の地は大規模な遷都への準備であり方違えではなかったのかとの説もある。
English: Tama-gawa River (Ide-cho), a tributary of the Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture), flows east-west through the town.
Japanese: 木津川(京都府)の支流である玉川(井手町)が町を東西に縦断している。
English: April 1, 1958: Old Ide-cho and Taga-mura were merged to form Ide-cho.
Japanese: 1958年（昭和33年）4月1日（旧）井手町と多賀村が合併して井手町となる。
English: The Nara Line (the railroad line between Kyoto Station and Kizu Station (Kyoto Prefecture) is called the JR Nara Line.)
Japanese: 奈良線（線路名称としては京都駅～木津駅(京都府)間がJR奈良線である。）
English: (from/to Kyoto and Uji Stations) - Yamashirotaga Station - Tamamizu Station - (from/to Kizu and Nara Stations)
Japanese: （京都・宇治駅(JR西日本)方面～）山城多賀駅、玉水駅（～木津・奈良駅方面）
English: The main station is Tamamizu Station on the JR Nara Line, and rapid trains started to stop at the station after the timetable revision on March 15, 2003.
Japanese: 中心となる駅はJR奈良線の玉水駅で2003年3月15日のダイヤ改正により快速停車駅となる。
English: In this section of the Kyo no Hanamachi, the hanamachi (Kagai) ('flower town,' or geisha district) in Kyoto will be explained.
Japanese: 京の花街（きょうのかがい/はなまち）では、京都にある花街について述べる。
English: However, only five of them except Shimabara currently function as a geisha district, and accordingly, they are collectively referred to as "Go-kagai" (five hanamachi, or kagai).
Japanese: しかし、花街としての機能を果たしているのは嶋原を除く5ヶ所でそれらをまとめて『五花街』（ごかがい）と呼ばれている。
English: In the Muromachi period, seven tea houses were built with leftover materials from the reconstruction of the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine.
Japanese: 室町時代に北野天満宮の再建の際に残った機材を使って7軒の茶店を建てた。
English: The name 'Kamishichiken' (literally meaning 'upper seven houses') originated from this fact, and Kamishichiken has prospered as a hanamachi, with close ties to Nishijin, ever since Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI held a large tea ceremony in Kitano in the Momoyama period and greatly praised the dumpling cake the tea house served.
Japanese: これが「上七軒」の由来で、桃山時代に豊臣秀吉が北野で大茶会を開いた折に茶店側は団子を献上したところ大いに誉められて以来、また西陣の結びつきで花街としての繁栄を極める。
English: The "Kitano Odori" (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine) is performed annually in spring; geisha and apprentice geisha practice traditional performing arts every day and show them beautifully although small in number.
Japanese: 毎年春になると『北野をどり』が上演されて少数ながらにして良い技芸を磨き披露している。
English: Gion Kobu started with the opening of a tea house in front of the gate of the Yasaka-jinja Shrine in the beginning of the Edo period; thereafter, Gion Kobu flourished as a hanamachi and received official approval.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期に八坂神社の門前で水茶屋を営業したのが始まりで以後、花街として発展し正式に許可された。
English: The emblem featuring dumpling cake was created then, and it is still used as the emblem for Gion Kobu and Gion Higashi.
Japanese: このときに団子をモチーフにした紋章が作られ、現在も祇園甲部と祇園東の紋章として使われている。
English: At the end of the Edo period, Gion Kobu was said to have boasted five hundred tea houses and more than one thousand of geisha, apprentice geisha and shogi (prostitutes) in total.
Japanese: 江戸末期にはお茶屋が500軒、芸妓、舞妓、娼妓合わせて1000人以上いたという。
English: To revitalize Kyoto, which was on the brink of decline due to the Tokyo-tento (designation of Tokyo as capital), Masanao MAKIMURA had Miyako Odori (Dance of the Capital) performed in the Kyoto Exhibition as an entertainment in 1872.
Japanese: 明治5年、東京奠都で寂れかけた京都を立て直そうと槇村正直が博覧会の余興として都をどりが上演された。
English: Separated from Gion Kobu in the Meiji period, Gion Higashi became an independent hanamachi and was called "Gion Otsubu" against Kobu ('ko' and 'otsu' in Japanese are equivalent to a and b in English).
Japanese: 明治に入り祇園甲部から分離独立し、甲部に対し『祇園乙部』と称された。
English: The official name of the hanamachi is Nishi Shinyashiki, and it is comprised of the six towns of Kamino-cho, Nakano-cho, Chudouji-cho, Tayu-cho, Shimono-cho and Ageya-cho.
Japanese: 正式名称は西新屋敷で6つの町（上ノ町、中之町、中堂寺町、太夫町、下之町、揚屋町）で構成されている。
English: Shimabara has a long history, and is believed to have been the first officially acknowledged hanamachi and have started with the opening of the 'Keisei no tsubone' (a courtesan house) called 'Kujo no Sato.'
Japanese: 嶋原の歴史は古く、日本で最初の公許された花街であり室町時代に「九条の里」という傾城局が設置されたのが始まりだといわれる。
English: The hanamachi was said to have been transferred to Nijo-matenokoji by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in the Momoyama period and to the area near Rokujo in the Edo period; it was referred to as 'Rokujo-misuji Town,' having produced renowned geisha such as Yoshino-dayu (Geisha Yoshino with the honorary suffix 'dayu' for geisha added).
Japanese: 桃山時代に二条万里小路に花街が豊臣秀吉によって移されたといい、江戸時代になると六条付近にうつされ、「六条三筋町」と称され吉野太夫等の名妓が輩出した。
English: The land was originally a sandbar on the Kamo-gawa River, but was reclaimed through the bank protection work in the early Edo period and was called Shinkawaramachi-dori Street.
Japanese: もともとは鴨川の州で、江戸時代初期に護岸工事で埋立てられ、新河原町通と呼ばれていた。
English: Ponto-cho started with the development of the areas along the Kamo-gawa River, building tea houses and hatago (inn with meals); geisha and shogi had settled in and been cracked down repeatedly, but the area was recognized as a work place for those in "Nijo-shinchi" (Nijo new development area) in Kawabatanijo and was separated from Nijo-shinchi in the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 江戸初期、鴨川(淀川水系)の周辺を開発しそこに茶屋、旅籠などが置かれたのが始まりですでに芸妓、娼妓が居住するようになり何度も取り締れていたが川端二条にあった『二条新地』（にじょうしんち）の出稼ぎ地として認められ、明治初期に独立をした。
English: The hanamachi originated in the time of IZUMO no Okuni's Kabuki dance, and it was initially called 'Kagema' (male prostitute), for the area was lined with kabuki and tea houses for the 'wakashu' (a teenage kabuki apprentice and also male prostitute), and those boys entertained patrons.
Japanese: 出雲阿国の歌舞伎踊りの時代から始まり、最初は若衆歌舞伎の小屋と茶屋が立ち並び10代の少年が接待をしていたので｢陰間｣と呼ばれていた花街だった。
English: Brothels existed through the Meiji and Taisho periods until March 15, 1958 in the Showa period when the Anti-Prostitution Law was enacted, however, some buildings from the brothel days still remain today.
Japanese: 明治、大正、昭和33年3月15日の売春防止法施行までは遊廓であり、今でも遊廓時代の建物が残っている。
English: Miyako Odori (Dance of the Capital): a dance performance in Gion Kobu held at the Gion Kobu Kaburen-jo Theater from April 1 to 30.
Japanese: 都をどり　4月1日から30日にかけて祇園甲部歌舞練場で開催される祇園甲部の舞踊公演。
English: Kamogawa Odori (Kamo River Dance): performed at the Ponto-cho Kaburen-jo Theater from May 1 to 24 with the largest number of performances among all the hanamachi in Kyoto.
Japanese: 鴨川をどり　5月1日から24日にかけて先斗町歌舞練場で上演され、京の花街の中で最も上演回数が多い。
English: Gion Odori (Gion Dance): performed at the Gion Kaikan Theater from November 1 to 10, and the only dance performance in fall in the hanamachi.
Japanese: 祇園をどり　11月1日から10日まで祇園会館で行われ、唯一秋に上演される花街の公演
English: In addition to these performances, dance clubs are offered in Gion Kobu, Kamishichiken, Ponto-cho and Miyagawa-cho in fall for a change.
Japanese: このほか、祇園甲部、上七軒、先斗町、宮川町では秋にも趣向を変えて踊りの会を開催している。
English: Special Traditional Joint Performances by Five Hanamachi of Kyoto,' hosted by the Ookini Zaidan (Kyoto Traditional Musical Art Foundation), is performed in mid June every year.
Japanese: 「おおきに財団」主催の「五花街合同公演」が毎年6月中旬に上演される。
English: Hannari - Geisha Modern (Documentary, 2006 Sakura Production, USA.)
Japanese: はんなり～Hannari--GeisyaModern　（2006、アメリカ・サクラプロダクション、ドキュメンタリー映画）
English: Kamishichiken is the oldest hanamachi ('flower town,' or geisha district), located in the area of Shinsei-cho and Shakenagaya-cho in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 上七軒（かみしちけん）は京都最古の花街で京都市上京区真盛町から社家長屋町に位置する。
English: In the Muromachi period, seven teahouses were built with leftover materials from the reconstruction of the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine.
Japanese: 室町時代に北野天満宮の再建の際に残った機材を使って7軒の茶店を建てた。
English: The name 'Kamishichiken' (literally meaning 'upper seven houses') originated from this fact, and Kamishichiken has prospered as a hanamachi, with close ties to Nishijin, ever since Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI held a large tea ceremony in Kitano in the Momoyama period and greatly praised the dumpling cake served by the teahouse.
Japanese: これが「上七軒」の由来で、安土桃山時代に豊臣秀吉が北野で大茶会を開いた折に茶店側は団子を献上したところ大いに誉められて以来、また西陣の結びつきで花街としての繁栄を極める。
English: Kamishichiken let Shimonomori and Goban-cho use its chaya-kabu (license for 'teahouses,' or the red-light district), and prospered as a hanamachi around geisha in the Edo period; Toshizo HIJIKATA is rumored to have had a relationship with geisha and apprentice geisha in Kamishichiken at the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 江戸期に下の森や五番町に茶屋株を貸し、芸妓中心の花街として発展し、江戸末期に土方歳三が上七軒の芸妓、舞妓を相手にした逸話があるが不明である。
English: There were fifty teahouses, sixty geisha and apprentice geisha, and three shogi (prostitutes) in Kamishichiken before World War II, but the war forced most of the teahouses to close down or change their business; however, some of them reopened their teahouses around 1945.
Japanese: 上七軒は戦前まではお茶屋50軒、芸妓、舞妓あわせて60名で娼妓も3名いたが第二次世界大戦でお茶屋の大半が転廃業し、1945年ごろに再開。
English: Kamishichiken at that time had thirty-five teahouses and approximately fifty geisha (apprentice geisha not included for reasons such as the eri-age, or promotion to geisha); during certain periods of time after the war, however, their numbers decreased, to less than twenty geisha for example, due to the decline of the Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weaving) industry, and the Geisha association requested talented students from dance schools affiliated with the Kamishichiken kabukai (dance society) to perform at the Kitano Odori (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine).
Japanese: そのころはお茶屋35軒、芸妓50名ぐらい（舞妓は襟替え等で含まれていない）いたが西陣織産業の衰退により減少し、芸妓数も20名以下に落ち込んで、歌舞会所属の舞踊学校で習っている優秀な生徒に対し組合が北野をどりへの出演を要請していた時期もあった。
English: In the meantime, a daughter of the teahouse 'Yoshida-ya,' Hiroko opened a teahouse for the first time as a apprentice geisha after World War II, but later carried out the eri-age to become a geisha, and as a result, apprentice geisha disappeared from Kamishichiken for some time.
Japanese: その間、お茶屋『吉田家』の娘であるひろ子が戦後で初の舞妓として店出しをしたが、後に襟替えをし、舞妓はしばらくは消滅した。
English: In March, 1981, however, an apprentice geisha, Umegiku from Ishikawa Prefecture opened a teahouse for the first time in many years and was celebrated by many people involved, paving the way for many apprentice geisha in the future.
Japanese: しかし1981年3月、石川県出身の梅ぎくが久々の舞妓として店出し、多くの関係者に祝福を受け、彼女の後に次々と舞妓が誕生していく。
English: In the early 1990's, the kabukai used magazines and TV to recruit apprentice geisha, and in fact recruited seven apprentice geisha, but was met with opposition from some traditionalists, derailing the recruitment.
Japanese: 1990年代前期、歌舞会は雑誌、テレビなどで舞妓募集を呼びかけ、事実7名の舞妓が生まれたが、伝統を重んじる一部の反対により頓挫した。
English: The number of applicants for apprentice geisha, however, has risen thanks to the Internet.
Japanese: しかし、近年インターネットがきっかけで舞妓に志願する女性の数が再び増加してきている。
English: Additionally, an office worker, a pharmacist and a college graduate turned geisha, receiving public attention.
Japanese: その他にOLや薬剤師、大学卒業生から芸妓への転身を遂げた女性もおり、世間に話題を提供した。
English: Recently however, the numbers of teahouses, geisha and apprentice geisha bounce, Kamishichiken has taken a new direction while respecting the long standing traditions stemming from the Muromachi period.
Japanese: お茶屋、芸舞妓の増減が激しい上七軒だが、室町時代から続く伝統を大事にしながら新しい方向へ歩みだしている。
English: Gion Kobu started with the opening of a teahouse in front of the gate of the Yasaka-jinja Shrine at the beginning of the Edo period.
Japanese: 江戸初期に八坂神社の門前で営業された水茶屋がこの花街の始まりである。
English: Subsequently, it received official approval for the hanamachi, and the emblem featuring a dumpling cake was created.
Japanese: 後に行政からも花街として公認されることになったが、この際に団子をモチーフにした紋章が作られた。
English: At the end of the Edo period, Gion Kobu was said to have boasted five hundred teahouses and more than one thousand geisha, apprentice geisha and shogi (prostitutes) in total.
Japanese: 江戸末期にはお茶屋が500軒、芸妓、舞妓、遊女合わせて1000人以上いたという。
English: To revitalize Kyoto, which was on the brink of decline due to the Tokyo-tento (designation of Tokyo as capital), Masanao MAKIMURA thought of showing the Miyako Odori (Dance of the Capital) in the Kyoto Exhibition as entertainment in 1872, and Yachiyo INOUE III choreographed the dance (see 'Miyako Odori' for details).
Japanese: 1872年、東京奠都によって繁栄に陰りが差した京都を立て直す為、槇村正直が博覧会の余興として都をどりを考案するが（詳細は「都をどり」の項を参照のこと）、この振り付けを担当したのが三世井上八千代である。
English: It was agreed at that time that the 'Gion Kobu no Mai' (Gion Kobu's dance) would be choreographed only by the Inoue School of Dance and it has still remained this way.
Japanese: この時、以降の祇園甲部の舞いは井上流に限るとする取り決めが為され、現在まで祇園の舞は井上流一筋となっている。
English: A portion of the area called "Zezeura" in Gion Kobu was separated to become Gion Otsubu, and Gion Otsubu became the present-day Gion Higashi (see 'Gion Higashi' for details on Otsubu).
Japanese: 当時、『膳所裏』と呼ばれていた一部の地域は祇園乙部、後の祇園東（乙部の詳細は「祇園東」の項を参照のこと）として分離し、現代に至る。
English: When World War II started, the riverside to the north of the Shira-kawa River was destroyed during building evacuation; among the destroyed buildings was the teahouse called "Daitomo," run by Taka ISODA.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦が始まると白川沿いの北側は建物疎開で破壊された（その中に磯田多佳が経営していた『大友』（だいとも）が含まれていた）。
English: Gion Kobu reopened right after the end of the war (1945), and five years later, the Miyako Odori was performed again at the Minamiza Theater (later and currently at the home base 'Kaburen-jo Theater').
Japanese: 終戦後（1945年-）、祇園甲部はすぐに営業を再開、その5年後に『都をどり』が南座で再開（後に本拠地である歌舞練場に戻り、今に至る）。
English: From the late 1950's to the early 1960's, Gion Kobu boasted 150 teahouses and more than 600 geisha and apprentice geisha in total; yet Gion Kobu has reduced the scale of the hanamachi as time has gone by.
Japanese: 昭和30年代から40年代にかけてお茶屋150軒、芸妓、舞妓合わせて600人を数えたが、時代の流れと共に花街の規模は縮小していった。
English: Old streets have been replaced by new buildings, and as a result, the social environment has deteriorated, due to the increasing number of bars, hostess bars, and adult entertainment business.
Japanese: 古い街並みはビルに変わり、加えてバーやスナック、性風俗店の進出により環境が悪化する。
English: Being concerned about rampant development, residents in the Shinbashi area (Motoyoshi-cho) pressed the government to preserve the old townscape of the area.
Japanese: 新橋地区（元吉町）の住民はこの乱開発に危惧を抱き、この地域の町並み保存を行政に働きかけた。
English: Consequently, the Shinbashi area was designated as a Special Preservation and Improvement District, and later selected as an Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings.
Japanese: この結果、新橋地区は修景地区に指定され、後に重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定される。
English: On the other hand, the south area of Gion around the Hanamikoji-dori Street was spared from rampant development because the area was owned by Nyokoba-gakuen School, and was designated as a Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District.
Japanese: 一方、祇園町南側（とくに花見小路通周辺）は女紅場学園所有であるために乱開発は逃れ、歴史的風景特別修景地区に指定された。
English: The number of apprentice geisha, who are the poster children of the hanamachi, decreased to less than twenty at one point, but recently. the number has been gradually increasing and there are said to be a little less than thirty apprentice geisha today.
Japanese: この町のシンボルというべき舞妓も一時は20人以下へと落ち込んでいたが、近年徐々に回復し、現在は30人弱にまで増えていると言われる。
English: Even in a particular kabuki play, Kuranosuke OISHI is shown to have played around in the Ichiriki-jaya teahouse at the beginning of the Edo period, and many anti-shogunate samurai who were to establish the new government frequented the hanamachi.
Japanese: 江戸初期には大石内蔵助が一力茶屋で遊んでいた話は歌舞伎などでも知られ、江戸末期には後の新政府を樹立する多くの志士らによって利用され続けた。
English: Kimio NAKANISHI, a geisha in the teahouse "Uoshina" on the Yamato-oji-dori Street, is known to have kept anti-shogunate samurai from being caught by the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 当時、大和大路通に営業していた『魚品』の芸妓、中西君尾は志士らを新選組の目から逃れさせたことで有名。
English: Moving to more recent times, Oyuki (Sekka), a geisha in the teahouse "Kato-ro (加藤楼)," married George D. MORGAN of the Morgan family, who owned a large conglomerate, and was called "Morgan Oyuki" afterwards.
Japanese: 時は下り、明治期に『加藤楼』のお雪（雪香）はアメリカの財閥であるモルガンと結婚して、後に『モルガンお雪』と呼ばれた。
English: Other geisha include: Taka ISODA who was a geisha and the proprietress of the teahouse "Daitomo," known by the tanka poem "Kanikakuya" (meaning somehow) by Isamu YOSHII; Sata MATSUMOTO who was an excellent performer of the Inoue School of Dance and engaged in nurturing junior geisha and apprentice geisha; and many more geisha such as Haruyu HAYASAKI, Komame MIYAKE, Satoharu TAMAKI, Takeha FUJIMOTO, Takako ANDO (whose geisha name was Takachiyo when active and appeared on a TV program called "11 PM"), Mineko IWASAKI, Machiko TAKADA (高田真知子), and Katsuno, all of whom have enlivened not only Kyoto but also the world outside Kyoto.
Japanese: 吉井勇の『かにかくに』の歌で有名なお茶屋『大友』の女将で芸妓である磯田多佳や、井上流の名手として、また後輩の育成に努めた松本佐多、ほかに早崎春勇、三宅小まめ、玉木里春、藤本竹葉、安藤孝子（現役当時の芸名は孝千代、後に11PMに出演）、岩崎究香、高田真知子、佳つ乃など京都のみならず、世間に花を添えてきた芸妓が数多くいる。
English: The current chairperson of the Gion Kobu Geisha Association is Kofumi, who received a name from the Inoue School of Dance; other known geisha include Mameko, Tomichiyo, Mameni, Mametsuru, Koman, Kosuzu, Mamehiro, Mamehana, Mameka, Kokimi YAMAGUCHI, Terukoma and Suzuha.
Japanese: 現在、祇園甲部芸妓組合の会長に就任しているのは芸妓で井上流名取である小富美で、ほかにまめ晃、斗美千代、豆爾、まめ鶴、小萬、小鈴、豆弘、豆花、山口小喜美、照古満、寿々葉など代表的な芸妓らがいる。
English: The Kizu-gawa River, a tributary of the Yodo-gawa River system flowing through Mie and Kyoto Prefectures, is a class A river.
Japanese: 木津川（きづがわ）は、三重県および京都府を流れる淀川水系の支流で一級河川。
English: The Tsuge-gawa and Hattori-gawa Rivers flow into the Kizu-gawa River in Iga City, Mie Prefecture, where it gathers into the Nabari-gawa River in Minami Yamashiro-mura, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 三重県伊賀市で柘植川と服部川を、京都府相楽郡南山城村で名張川を集める。
English: Joined in the north of Iga City by the Tsuge-gawa River flowing from Mt. Aburahi-dake (694 meters) in the Suzuka mountain range and the Hattori-gawa River from Mt. Kasatori (845 meters) in the Nunobiki Mountains, the Kizu-gawa River changes its course west.
Japanese: 鈴鹿山脈の油日岳（標高694m）からの柘植川と、布引山地の笠取山（標高845m）からの服部川を伊賀市北部で合わせ、西流に転じる。
English: A valley is formed around the border between Mie and Kyoto Prefectures, and the Kizu-gawa River is joined in Minami Yamashiro-mura, Soraku-gun by the Nabari-gawa River originating in Mt. Miune (1235 meters) in the Takami-sanchi Mountains.
Japanese: 京都府に入る辺りから河谷を成し、相楽郡南山城村で高見山地の三峰山（標高1,235m）が水源の名張川を加える。
English: The river gradually changes its course to the northwest in the east of Kyotanabe City, merges with the Uji-gawa River (the main river of the Yodo-gawa River system), flowing from northeast and with the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) running from north at the western edge of Yawata City around the border between Kyoto and Osaka Prefectures, and changes its name to Yodo-gawa River.
Japanese: 京田辺市東部から徐々に北西へと流れを変え、八幡市西端、京都府・大阪府境付近で北東からの宇治川（淀川水系本流）、北からの桂川(淀川水系)と合流し、淀川となる。
English: Popularly known as 'Nagare bashi' (floating bridge), the Kozuya-bashi Bridge, whose bridge timbers are detached from the bridge pier when the water level in the river rises, is located about five km upstream from the junction.
Japanese: 合流点の5kmほど上流には増水すると踏み板が橋脚から外れる「流れ橋」として有名な上津屋橋が架かっている。
English: The Kansai Main Line (West Japan Railway Company) and the National Route 163 run parallel from Iga City to Kizugawa City.
Japanese: 伊賀市から木津川市にかけて、西日本旅客鉄道関西本線と国道163号（伊賀街道）が並行する。