nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There is an oral tradition that the whole area of the shrine was home of the Katsuragi clan and the Imperial Palace for the Emperor Suizei (Takaoka-no miya) was there.
Japanese: 神社一帯は葛城氏の本拠地で、綏靖天皇の皇居（高丘宮）があったという伝承が残る。
English: It was recorded as Katsuraginiimasu Hitokotonushi-jinja Shrine in Engishikijinmyocho (a list of shrines compiled in 927) and ranked among Myojin-taisha Shrines.
Japanese: 延喜式神名帳には葛木坐一言主神社と記載され、名神大社に列せられている。
English: In 850, it received the shrine rank of Shosanmi (The Third Rank, Senior Grade) and then, in 859, it got promoted to Junii (The Second Rank, Junior Grade).
Japanese: 嘉祥3年（850年）に正三位、貞観(日本)元年（859年）に従二位と神階が進められていった。
English: The sacred tree is a 1200 year-old ginkgo tree (nyu ginkgo tree whose aerial roots are hanging from branches like breasts) and is located in the south direction of the main shrine.
Japanese: 御神木は樹齢1200年というイチョウの古木（乳銀杏）で、本殿の南側にある。
English: Katsuragi Mitoshi-jinja Shrine is located in Ose City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 葛木御歳神社（かつらぎみとしじんじゃ）は、奈良県御所市にある神社である。
English: With Takakamo-jinja Shrine (Takakamo-sha) and Kamotsuba-jinja Shrine (Shimokamo-sha), it is called 'Nakakamo-sha.'
Japanese: 高鴨神社（高鴨社）・鴨都波神社（下鴨社）に対して「中鴨社」とも呼ばれる。
English: It is said that Mt. Mitoshi lying behind the shrine was considered a sacred mountain and a god of rice fields was enshrined there.
Japanese: 当社の背後に御年山（みとしやま）があり、これを神体山として田の神を祀ったものとみられる。
English: Its oldest record is seen in chapter 765 of 'Shinshokyakuchokufusho' (the record of legal history), which described 'Otoshi-gami thirteen houses, Yamato three houses, Sanuki ten houses.'
Japanese: 最も古い記録は『新抄格勅符抄』の天平神護元年（765年）「御年神十三戸、大和三戸、讃岐十戸」とあるものである。
English: In 852, it received the highest ranking of the god, Shonii and ranked among Myojin-taisha Shrines in Engishiki Jinmyocho (a list of the shrines compiled in 927).
Japanese: 仁寿2年（852年）には、当時大和国で最高位となる正二位の神階を贈られ、延喜式神名帳では名神大社に列している。
English: After the Heian period, the whole area of the shrine was shoen (manor) of Kasuga-taisha Shrine and Kofuku-ji Temple and it was under the influence of Kasuga-taisha Shrine.
Japanese: 平安時代以降、一帯は春日大社・興福寺の荘園となっており、当社は春日大社の影響下にあった。
English: According to Nihon sandai jitsuroku (historical material), the shrine rejected to accept a Shinto priest who was appointed by the Imperial Court in 866.
Japanese: 日本三代実録によれば、貞観(日本)8年（866年）、朝廷が任命した神官を当社が拒否したという。
English: Kamotsuba-jinja Shrine enshrines Tsumihayae-Kotoshironushi-no-mikoto (also called Kotoshironushi-no-kami) and Shitateruhime (or Shitateruhime-no-kami) as main enshrined deities, while enshrining Takeminakata-no-kami as an associated god.
Japanese: 積羽八重事代主命（事代主）とシタテルヒメを主祭神とし、建御名方神を配祀する。
English: Following Takakamo-jinja Shrine (also called Takakamo-sha Shrine, literally meaning "higher Kamo-jinja Shrine") and Katsuragimitoshi-jinja Shrine (also called Nakakamo-sha Shrine, literally meaning "middle Kamo-jinja Shrine"), Kamotsuba-jinja Shrine is also referred to as 'Shimogamo-sha Shrine' (literally meaning "lower Kamo-jinja Shrine").
Japanese: 高鴨神社（高鴨社）・葛城御歳神社（中鴨社）に対して「下鴨社」とも呼ばれる。
English: As Kotoshironushi-no-mikoto was the deity believed by the Kamo clan, this shrine has become the foundation of the Kotoshironushi-no-mikoto belief.
Japanese: 事代主神は元々は鴨族が信仰していた神であり、当社が事代主神の信仰の本源である。
English: Kamotsuba-jinja Shrine is also referred to as 'an associated shrine of Omiwa-jinja Shrine' because Kotoshironushi-no-mikoto was the son of Okuninushi (chief god of Izumo in southern Honshu Island, Japan, and the central character in the important cycle of myths set in that region) enshrined in Omiwa-jinja Shrine (Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 大神神社（奈良県桜井市）に祀られる大国主の子に当たることから、「大神神社の別宮」とも称される。
English: Since it is difficult to find the reason why Shitateruhime-no-kami is enshrined with Kotoshironushi-no-kami, another deity was presumably enshrined at first.
Japanese: 下照姫命については、事代主とともに祀られることに疑問があることから、元は別の神が祀られていたものとみられる。
English: The old name of this shrine was 'Kamomitsuha,' which can be interpreted as 'a deity living in the waterside of Kamo.'
Japanese: 当社の古い社名は「鴨弥都波（かもみつは）」であり、「鴨の水際（みづは）の神」と解せる。
English: A theory suggests that this shrine initially enshrined the deity of water because Katsuragi-gawa River and Yanagida-gawa River join at this district.
Japanese: 当地は葛城川と柳田川の合流地点であり、元々は水の神を祀っていたものとする説がある。
English: Moreover, another theory suggests that Takateruhime-no-kami, the sister of Kotoshironushi-no-kami was enshrined in reality, who was confused with Shitateruhime-no-Kami.
Japanese: また、事代主の妹である高照姫命が祀られていたのが下照姫命と混同されたとする説もある。
English: According to the shrine's biography, Okamotsubime, the grandchild of Otataneko founded Kamotsuba-jinja Shrine by an Imperial order during the reign of the Emperor Sujin.
Japanese: 社伝によれば、崇神天皇の時代、勅命により太田田根子の孫の大賀茂都美命が創建した。
English: Lots of earthenware and farming equipments in the Yayoi period excavated from the remains show that the Kamo clan had settled in this district to engage in farming a long time ago.
Japanese: 弥生時代の土器や農具が多数出土しており、古くから鴨族がこの地に住みついて農耕をしていたことがわかる。
English: In Engishiki Shinmyo Cho (a list of shrines in the Engishiki), Kamotsuba-jinja Shrine is listed under 'Kamotsuhayae-Kotoshironushi-no-kami-jinja Shrine enshrining two deities,' ranked among the Myojin Taisha.
Japanese: 延喜式神名帳では「鴨都波八重事代主命神社二座」と記載され、名神大社に列している。
English: Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 穴師坐兵主神社（あなせにますひょうずじんじゃ）は、奈良県桜井市にある神社である。
English: It is comprised of Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine (Myojin-taisha Shrine [shrine enshrining deities under the ritsuryo system]), Makimukunimasu-Wakamitama-jinja Shrine (Shikinai-taisha Shrine [first-ranked shrine listed in Engishiki laws]) and Anashi-Daihyozu-jinja Shrine (Shikinai-taisha Shrine) which were merged during the Muromachi period to form the current Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 元は穴師坐兵主神社（名神大社）、巻向坐若御魂神社（式内大社）、穴師大兵主神社（式内小社）の3社で、室町時代に合祀された。
English: There is a theory that the original Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine was founded by Yamatohime-no-mikoto in the year 28 BC enshrining a guardian deity of food presented to the emperor.
Japanese: 元の穴師坐兵主神社は、垂仁天皇2年に倭姫命が天皇の御膳の守護神として祀ったともいわれる。
English: However, there are other theories that Hyozu-no-kami is another deity such as Amenouzume, Susano (deity in Japanese mythology), Amanotomimuchi-no-mikoto, Takeminakata-no-kami, Izuhoko-no-mikoto (the spiritual emanation of Okuninushi), or Kunitama.
Japanese: しかし他にアメノウズメ、スサノオ、天富貴命、建御名方命、大国主の分身の伊豆戈命、国魂とする説がある。
English: Kushinadahime is identified with 'Wakamitama-no-kami,' the enshrined deity of Makimukunimasu-Wakamitama-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 巻向坐若御魂神社の祭神「若御魂神」はクシナダヒメのことであるとされる。
English: According to "Shosoin Monjo" (document collection of the Nara period kept in Shosoin), the above-mentioned two shrines held a festival to honor deities in 730, and were conferred the divine rank of Junior Fifth Rank in 859.
Japanese: 上記の2社は、『正倉院文書』に天平2年（730年）に神祭を行った記録があり、貞観(日本)元年（859年）に従五位の神階が授けられた。
English: As for the question of which deity is enshrined as Daihyozu-no-kami, Yachihoko-no-kami Okuninushi), Susano-no-mikoto, Ame-no-uzume (one of the female gods in Japanese mythology) and Amenohiboko-no-mikoto are regarded as the most likely candidates.
Japanese: 大兵主神の正体については、八千戈命（大国主）、素盞嗚命、天鈿女命、天日槍命という説がある。
English: From around the Medieval period, Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine was called Anashi-kamisha Shrine (literally, upper Anashi-jinja Shrine), while Anashi-Daihyozu-jinja Shrine was called Anashi-shimosha Shrine (literally, lower Anashi-jinja Shrine).
Japanese: 中世ごろから、穴師坐兵主神社が穴師上社、穴師大兵主神社が穴師下社と呼ばれるようになった。
English: After Makimukunimasu-Wakamitama-jinja Shrine and Anashi-kamisha Shrine were burned down in the Onin War, these two shrines were merged with Anashi-shimosha Shrine (Anashi-Daihyozu-jinja Shrine).
Japanese: 応仁の乱のときに若御魂神社と穴師上社の社殿が焼失したことから、この2社を穴師下社（大兵主神社）に合祀した。
English: Designated as a village shrine in 1873, Anashinimasu-Hyozu-jinja Shrine was promoted to a prefectural shrine in 1928.
Japanese: 明治6年（1873年）に郷社に列し、昭和3年（1928年）に県社に昇格した。
English: Sumo-jinja Shrine enshrining NOMI no Sukune, who is believed to be the Soshin (ancestor honored as god) of sumo wrestling, is an auxiliary shrine.
Japanese: 摂社として、野見宿禰を祀る相撲神社があり、相撲の祖神として信仰されている。
English: According to the temple record, it says it was constructed by Gyoki between 749 - 757, but it is not certain that this is accurate.
Japanese: 寺伝では天平勝宝年間(749年～757年)に行基によって創建されたとされるが、沿革は明らかではない。
English: Naratu hiko-jinja Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 奈良豆比古神社（ならつひこじんじゃ）は、奈良県奈良市にある神社である。
English: There is another view that Nara-jinja Shrine in Tenri City is Naratsu hiko-jinja Shrine, but this is not likely.
Japanese: （天理市の楢神社を奈良豆比古神社の後裔社とする説もあるが、あまり有力視されていない）。
English: However, "Shikinaishako" states that Nanryo Kasuganomiya Okami (Naratsu hiko no kami) was enshrined in the chuden, Kasuga taisha wakamiya (Ame no oshikumone no mikoto) is enshrined oin the saden Yahata Okami (Kishi no miko) is enshrined in the uden.
Japanese: ただし、『式内社考』では中殿が南良春日宮大神（奈良豆比古神）、左殿が春日大社若宮（天押雲根命）、右殿が矢幡大神（施基親王）としている。
English: The Naratsu hiko-jinja Shrine site is the location of the former Narayama Kasuga Rikyu (Narayama Kasuga Imperial Villa) where the Emperor Konin's father, Imperial Prince Kishi (Emperor Kasuga no Miya) stayed after his retirement to recuperate.
Japanese: 当地は、光仁天皇の父の施基親王（春日宮天皇）が病気療養のために隠居していた奈良山春日離宮の地である。
English: Okinamai (the origin of Noh) performed at Naratsu hiko-jinja Shrine was designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property on December 27, 2000.
Japanese: 奈良豆比古神社の翁舞は、2000年12月27日に重要無形民俗文化財に指定された。
English: Okinamai is dedicated by the town Okina association to Naratsu hiko-jinja Shrine every year on the night of October 8th, the eve of the autumn festival.
Japanese: この翁舞は、毎年10月8日夜、秋の例祭の宵宮に町内の翁講中によって奈良豆比古神社に奉納されるものである。
English: Tenkawa Daibenzaiten-sha Shrine (or Tenkawa-jinja Shrine) is a Shinto shrine located in Tsubonouchi, Tenkawa Village, Yoshino County, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 天河大弁財天社（てんかわだいべんざいてんしゃ、天河神社）は、奈良県吉野郡天川村坪内にある神社である。
English: As shown by the shrine name 'Tenkawa Daibenzaiten-sha' Shrine which includes the word 'Benzaiten,' the shrine is also believed to enshrine 'Benzaiten.'
Japanese: 今日でも社名に「弁財天」とついている通り、「弁財天」としても信仰されている。
English: The shrine is one of Japan's three major shrines enshrining Benzaiten along with Itsukushima-benzaiten and Chikubujima-jinja Shrine (Enoshima-jinja Shrine in Enoshima also claims to be one of Japan's three major shrines enshrining Benzaiten).
Japanese: 「厳島、竹生島と並ぶ日本三大弁財天のひとつ」と称している（他に江の島の江島神社も日本三大弁財天と称している）。
English: In addition, Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha), Yoshinonimasu-okami, the departed souls of four emperors of Japan's Southern Court (Emperor Godaigo, Emperor Gomurakami, Emperor Chokei and Emperor Gokameyama) and 100 mythological deities from Amenominakanushi-no-kami are enshrined.
Japanese: 他に、熊野三山、吉野坐大神、南朝(日本)四代天皇の御霊（後醍醐天皇、後村上天皇、長慶天皇、後亀山天皇）、神代天之御中主神より百柱の神が配祀されている。
English: Benzaiten enshrined in Tenkawa Daibenzaiten-sha Shrine is usually closed to the public except during the special event of gokaicho (unveiling an image) held once every 60 years, when the 'Reitai-sai Festival' is held and various performances including nohgaku (the art of noh) are presented.
Japanese: 天川村の弁才天は普段見る事が出来ず、60年に1度の御開帳の時には能楽を始め『例大祭』が行われる。
English: As this shrine enjoys quite high popularity among people related to show business, many celebrities from Tokyo and other districts nationwide visit the shrine.
Japanese: 特に芸能関係者の信仰があつく、著名人が東京を始め全国各地からもたくさん参詣に来る。
English: Circa 700, EN no Ozunu (EN no Gyoja) founded a temple at the top of Mt. Omine in Tenkawa Village where he practiced asceticism before founding Shugendo (Japanese ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites).
Japanese: 700年頃（飛鳥時代）、役小角が同じ天川村の大峰山を開山し修験道をはじめる前にここで修行を行った。
English: Before Zao Gongen (the principal image of the Kimpusen Zaodo, and the highest worship object of Shugendo) was enshrined at Mt. Omine, Tenkawa Daibenzaiten-sha Shrine was founded as the shrine of the chinju (local Shinto deity) of the highest peak of Mt. Misen.
Japanese: 大峯蔵王権現に先立って、最高峰である弥山（みせん）の鎮守として祀られたのに始まる。
English: The failure of the projects to rebuild the shrine's main building and maintain the precinct under a faulty financial plan resulted in the shrine being declared bankrupt in 1992.
Japanese: 1992年、杜撰な資金計画による社殿改築・境内整備が破綻し、破産宣告を受ける。
English: Yamada-dera Temple begun to be built in the middle of the 7th century at the wish of SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro, a member of the Soga clan, and was completed after Ishikawamaro committed suicide (in 649).
Japanese: 蘇我氏の一族である蘇我倉山田石川麻呂（そがのくら（の）やまだのいしかわ（の）まろ）の発願により7世紀半ばに建て始められ、石川麻呂の自害（649年）の後に完成した。
English: SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro (unknown -649), the founder of Yamada-dera Temple, belonged to a family of the Soga clan, and SOGA no Umako, SOGA no Emishi and SOGA no Iruka were his grandfather, uncle and cousin respectively.
Japanese: 山田寺の開基である蘇我倉山田石川麻呂（?-649年）は蘇我氏の一族に属し、蘇我馬子は祖父、蘇我蝦夷は伯父、蘇我入鹿は従兄弟にあたる。
English: Although Ishikawamaro was a member of the Soga clan, he was hostile to the head family of the Soga clan, including Emishi and Iruka, and he conspired with anti-Soga forces, including Naka no Oe no Oji (a.k.a. Katsuragi no Miko, who later became Emperor Tenchi) and FUJIWARA no Kamatari, to support the Isshi no Hen (the Murder in the Year of Isshi or the assassination of SOGA no Iruka), which took place in 645.
Japanese: 石川麻呂は蘇我氏の一族でありながら蝦夷、入鹿らの蘇我氏本宗家とは敵対しており、中大兄皇子（葛城皇子、後の天智天皇）、藤原鎌足らの反蘇我勢力と共謀して、皇極天皇4年（645年）に起きた乙巳の変（蘇我入鹿暗殺事件）に加担した。
English: According to "Nihonshoki" (The Chronicles of Japan), SOGA no Himuka, the half brother of Ishikawamaro, gave Naka no Oe no Oji a tip-off that Ishikawamaro intended to raise a rebellion.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』によれば、乙巳の変の4年後の大化5年（649年）、石川麻呂の異母弟・蘇我日向（ひむか）は、石川麻呂に謀反の志があると中大兄皇子に密告した。
English: It is said that Ishikawamaro was innocent and falsely accused, but there are various views on the truth about the incident.
Japanese: 石川麻呂は無実であり冤罪（えんざい）であったとされるが、事件の真相については諸説ある。
English: The founding of Yamada-dera Temple is fully described in the uragaki (back-page notes) of "Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu" (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), and the historical source is cited whenever Yamada-dera Temple is discussed.
Japanese: 山田寺の創建については『上宮聖徳法王帝説』裏書に詳しく書かれており、山田寺について語る際には必ずと言ってよいほどこの史料が引用される。
English: The uragaki mentions 'the start of land leveling in 641,' when land leveling work started, and that construction of the kondo (main hall) began two years later in 643.
Japanese: 同裏書によれば、舒明天皇13年（641年）「始平地」とあり、この年に整地工事を始めて、2年後の皇極天皇2年（643年）には金堂の建立が始まる。
English: Since the uragaki states that 'priests began to reside at the temple in 648,' it is believed that although the maintenance of the entire temple complex had not yet been completed at the time, it had the appearance of a temple.
Japanese: 大化4年（648年）には「始僧住」（僧が住み始める）とあることから、この頃には伽藍全体の整備は未完成であったが、一応寺院としての体裁は整っていたと見られる。
English: In 649, Ishikawamaro committed suicide as described above, and as a result, the construction of Yamada-dera Temple was suspended.
Japanese: 大化5年（649年）には上述の石川麻呂自害事件があり、山田寺の造営は一時中断する。
English: Following this, construction work began in 663 on the tower that had not yet been erected, and as the uragaki states that the 'sorin (pinnacle on the top of a Buddhist pagoda) was raised in 676,' the tower is believed to have been completed in that year.
Japanese: その後、天智天皇2年（663年）には未建立であった塔の建設工事が始められ、天武天皇5年（676年）に「相輪（仏塔の最上部の柱状の部分）を上げる」とあることから、この年に塔が完成したものと思われる。
English: The uragaki also states that 'a Joroku Buddha statue was cast in 678 was consecrated in 685 ('joroku' refers to the height of the statue.)
Japanese: 天武天皇7年（678年）には「丈六仏像を鋳造」とあり、同天皇14年（685年）にはその丈六仏像が開眼されている（「丈六」は仏像の像高。
English: Incidentally, only the head of this Joroku Buddha statue is now housed in Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara City, and is designated a National Treasure.
Japanese: なお、この丈六仏像は頭部のみが奈良市・興福寺に現存し、国宝に指定されている。
English: The findings of excavations and the chronology of unearthed old roof-tiles indicate that the above details of the founding of the temple are believed to be generally true.
Japanese: 発掘調査の結果や、出土した古瓦の編年から、以上の創建経緯はおおむね事実と信じられている。
English: Incidentally, there is an article in "Nihonshoki" that says Emperor Tenmu visited Jodo-ji Temple (the posthumous Buddhist title of Yamada-dera Temple) in 685, the year when the Joroku Buddha statue was consecrated as described above.
Japanese: なお、『日本書紀』には上述の丈六仏開眼の年である天武天皇14年（685年）、同天皇が浄土寺（山田寺の法号）に行幸したとの記事がある。
English: Even after Ishikawamaro's death, the construction of Yamada-dera Temple continued, and it is presumed that in the backdrop, Empress Jito, who was Ishikawamaro's granddaughter, and her husband Emperor Tenmu sponsored the construction.
Japanese: 石川麻呂の死後も山田寺の造営が続けられた背景には、石川麻呂の孫にあたる持統天皇とその夫の天武天皇の後援があったのではないかと推定されている。
English: According to "Fuso Ryakki" (A Brief History of Japan), Michinaga visited Yamada-dera Temple in 1023, when he marveled that magnificence and solemnity inside the temple was beyond description, showing that the Yamada-dera Temple building already existed in the early 11th century.
Japanese: 『扶桑略記』によれば、治安3年（1023年）、山田寺を訪れた道長は、堂内の「奇偉荘厳」は言葉で言い尽くせないほどだ、と感嘆しており、11世紀前半には山田寺の伽藍は健在であったことがわかる。
English: "Tonomine Ryakki" (Abbreviated Records of Tonomine) (1197), which was written well over 100 years after this time, explains that the then Yamada-dera Temple became a branch temple of Tonomine-dera Temple (present-day Tanzan-jinja Shrine), its building fell to ruin and that only the sites of some parts of the building remained.
Japanese: その百数十年後の記録である『多武峰略記』（建久8年・1197年）によると、当時の山田寺は多武峰寺（現在の談山神社）の末寺となり、伽藍は荒廃して、一部建物は跡地のみになっていたことがわかる。
English: The bronze Buddha head (National Treasure) owned by Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara City was originally the head of the Yakushi Nyorai (Healing Buddha) statue that was the principal image in the lecture hall of Yamada-dera Temple.
Japanese: 奈良市・興福寺に所蔵される銅造仏頭（国宝）は、もと山田寺講堂本尊薬師如来像の頭部であった。
English: According to "Gyokuyo" (Diary of Kanezane KUJO), warrior-monks of Kofuku-ji Temple broke into Yamada-dera Temple, stole the Yakushi Nyorai statue, the principal image in its lecture hall, and placed it as the principal image of Kofuku-ji Temple Tokondo (Eastern Golden Hall).
Japanese: 『玉葉』（九条兼実の日記）によれば、文治3年（1187年）、興福寺の僧兵が山田寺に押し入り、山田寺講堂本尊の薬師三尊像を強奪して、興福寺東金堂の本尊に据えた。
English: At that time, Kofuku-ji Temple was being rebuilt after it was destroyed by a fire caused by war with TAIRA no Shigehira (in 1180).
Japanese: 当時の興福寺は平重衡の兵火（治承4年・1180年）で炎上後、再興の途上であった。
English: This Yakushi Nyorai statue went up in flames when a fire broke out at Tokondo in 1411, and only its head, which barely escaped the fire, was housed inside the pedestal of the statue of the principal image that was rebuilt afterwards.
Japanese: この薬師如来像は応永18年（1411年）の東金堂の火災の際に焼け落ち、かろうじて焼け残った頭部だけが、その後新しく造られた本尊像の台座内に格納されていた。
English: This Buddha's head was not known to exist until it was rediscovered in 1937.
Japanese: この仏頭は昭和12年（1937年）に再発見されるまでその存在が知られていなかった。
English: Yamada-dera Temple was abandoned because of Haibutsu-kishaku in the Meiji period, and it was re-established in 1892.
Japanese: 山田寺は明治の廃仏毀釈で廃寺となり、明治25年（1892年）に再興された。
English: In the precinct of the temple stands the 'Setsuen no Hi,' the monument erected in 1841 by Shigesada YAMADA, a descendent of Ishikawamaro.
Japanese: 境内には天保12年（1841年）、石川麻呂の末裔の山田重貞によって立てられた「雪冤（せつえん）の碑」がある。
English: Setsuen,' which means 'to prove one's innocence,' was written by calligrapher Kaioku NUKINA.
Japanese: 「雪冤」とは「無実の罪をはらす」の意で、書家・貫名海屋の書になるものである。
English: The temple layout of Yamada-dera Temple shows that the inner gate, the tower (assumed to be a five-storied pagoda), the kondo, and the lecture hall all lie straight on a central line from south to north, which is similar to the Shitenno-ji-style temple layout.
Japanese: 山田寺の伽藍配置は中門・塔（五重塔と推定）・金堂・講堂を伽藍の中軸線上に南から北へ一直線に並べるもので、四天王寺式伽藍配置と似る。
English: However, Shitenno-ji Temple differs from Yamada-dera Temple in that in the former, the corridor extending from either side of the inner gate joins either end of the lecture hall, while in the latter, the corridor runs between kondo and the lecture hall, with the lecture hall located outside the corridor.
Japanese: ただし、四天王寺では中門の左右から伸びた回廊は講堂の両端に取り付くのに対し、山田寺では回廊は金堂と講堂の間を通り、講堂は回廊の外側に位置する点が異なっている。
English: The findings of evacuations showed that the kondo of Yamada-dera Temple had a unique floor plan.
Japanese: 発掘調査の結果、山田寺の金堂は特異な平面形式をもっていたことがわかった。
English: Ancient butsu-do (a Buddha statue hall) architecture structurally consists of two parts: the central space called the moya or shinsha, and the surrounding space called hisashi (eaves).
Japanese: 古代の仏堂建築は、構造上、中央の身舎（もや、しんしゃ）と呼ばれる部分と、その周囲の庇と呼ばれる部分に分かれている。
English: In the kondo of Yamada-dera Temple, the hashirama (the distance between two pillars) of the moya is approximately 5.4 meters at the front (four pillars) and approximately 3.6 meters on its side (three pillars).
Japanese: 山田寺金堂は、身舎の柱間が正面3間（柱4本）、側面2間（柱3本）である。
English: In this instance, the hisashi has two more pillars each at the front and on its side; it is usually about 9 meters long at the front (six pillars) and about 7.2 meters long on its side (five pillars), while the hashirama of the hisashi in the kondo of Yamada-dera Temple is 5.4 meters at the front and 3.6 meters on its side like that of a moya, misaligning the layout line across the moya and the one across Hisashi.
Japanese: この場合、庇は柱が2本ずつ増えて正面5間（柱6本）、側面4間（柱5本）となるのが普通であるが、山田寺金堂の場合は、庇の柱間も身舎と同じ正面3間、側面2間で、身舎と庇の柱筋が合っていない。
English: However, it is said that there were twelve foundation stones left in the kondo when archeologist Kenji TAKAHASHI investigated the main hall in the Meiji period, and after that, most of the stones were stolen and came into the possession of antique art dealers and others, and as a result, there are only two left there.
Japanese: ただし、金堂の礎石は明治時代に高橋健自が調査した時には12個残っていたというが、その後抜き取られて古美術商などの手に渡り、現在は2個しか残っていない。
English: Many senbutsu (Buddha statues molded out of clay, given shape and fired), which were unearthed around the kondo and tower ruins, are believed to have been used to decorate the walls of the doto (temple halls).
Japanese: 金堂跡と塔跡の周辺からは塼仏（せんぶつ、土を型取り整形し焼成して作った仏像）が多数出土しており、これらは堂塔の壁面を装飾していたものと思われる。
English: In addition, the unearthed roof tiles called 'Yamada-dera shiki' (Yamada-dera Temple Style) consist of a combination of Tanben hachiyo rengemon no kimarugawara (roof tiles with a design of lotus flowers with eight leaves around a petal) and Jukomon no nokihiragawara (broad eaves-end tiles with linear patterns), and tiles of the same type have been unearthed at ancient temples around the country, providing guidelines for estimating when each of the temples was built.
Japanese: また、出土する瓦は単弁八葉蓮華文の軒丸瓦と重弧文の軒平瓦の組み合わせからなる「山田寺式」と呼ばれるもので、各地の古代寺院から同種の瓦が出土し、建築年代を推定する指標となっている。
English: The Yamada-dera Temple ruins were converted into state-owned land in 1975, following which a full-scale excavation was conducted.
Japanese: 山田寺跡は昭和50年（1975年）に国有地化され、以後本格的な発掘調査が実施されている。
English: One of the most notable findings of the excavation is the east corridor itself which was unearthed in 1982.
Japanese: 発掘調査の成果のうち特筆すべきは、昭和57年（1982年）、東回廊の建物そのものが出土したことである。
English: After the corridor collapsed due to landslides, part of it was buried in the earth and was therefore preserved, and some pillars, renjimado (windows with vertical or horizontal wooden laths or bamboo) and other things were unearthed in their original form there.
Japanese: 土砂崩れにより倒壊、埋没した回廊の一部がそのまま土中に遺存していたもので、柱、連子窓などがそのままの形で出土した。
English: It is rare that real parts of a wooden structure, which rot easily, could found in the soil in this way, and these parts are valuable sources for studies on the history of Japanese architecture.
Japanese: 腐朽しやすい木造建築の実物がこのような形で土中から検出されるのはきわめてまれなケースであり、日本建築史研究上、貴重な資料である。
English: A part of the unearthed corridor, which is about 5.4 meters long, was scientifically treated for preservation and is on display in its restored form at the exhibition facility of Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
Japanese: 出土した回廊のうち3間分が科学的保存処置を施し、復元された形で奈良文化財研究所公開施設に展示されている。
English: At first it was on the shore of Lake Biwa, but it was relocated to the present place during 1469-1487.
Japanese: はじめ琵琶湖畔にあったが、文明(日本)年間（1469年～1487年）に現在地に移った。