nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There was a story in regard to the Emperor's past life, according to "Nihon Gempo(ho) Zen-aku Ryoiki."
Japanese: 『日本現報善悪霊異記』には嵯峨天皇の前世について次のような話が掲載されている。
English: In 758, just before Jakusen passed away, he said, 'I will be reborn in 28 years as a prince of the Emperor, and will be called Shinno.'
Japanese: 天平宝字2年（758年）、寂仙が亡くなるときに「これから28年後、国王の御子に生まれ変わり神野と名乗る」と言い遺した。
English: Twenty-eight years later in 786, Emperor Kammu had a prince and named him Prince Kamino.
Japanese: その28年後の延暦5年（786年）、桓武天皇に皇子が生まれ神野親王と名附けられた。
English: Emperor Daigo (February 6, 885 - October 23, 930) was in power during the Heian period.
Japanese: 醍醐天皇（だいごてんのう、元慶9年1月18日（885年2月6日）-延長8年9月29日（930年10月23日））は、平安時代の天皇。
English: His reign was from August 14, 897 to October 16, 930.
Japanese: 在位：寛平9年7月13日（897年8月14日）-延長8年9月22日（930年10月16日）。
English: He had more than 20 nyogo and koi, and he had 36 children followed by Prince Yasuakira (Bunken-gen-taishi), Prince Yoshiakira, Prince Shigeakira (Riho-O), MINAMOTO no Takaakira (who was demoted from nobility to subject (commoner)), Prince Kaneakira (Saki no chusho), Prince Hiroakira (the Emperor Suzaku), Prince Nariakira (the Emperor Murakami) and so on.
Japanese: 20人に近い女御・更衣をかかえ、保明親王（文献彦太子）・代明親王・重明親王（吏部王）・源高明（臣籍降下）・兼明親王（前中書王）・寛明親王（朱雀天皇）・成明親王（村上天皇）をはじめ、36人の子女をもうけた。
English: The Emperor was born as Minamoto no Korezane, the first son of MINAMOTO no Sadami, on February 6, 885.
Japanese: 元慶9年1月18日（885年2月6日）、源定省の長男・源維城として生まれる。
English: In 887 his father returned to the Imperial Family and was enthroned as an Emperor, whereupon Emperor Daigo became a member of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 仁和3年（887年）、父が皇籍に復帰して天皇に即位した事に伴い、皇族に列する事になった。
English: In this government, the Emperor ruled the politics directly without regents or chancellors [chief advisers to the Emperor] as a matter of form, and his time, which was admired as 'Engi no chi (the peaceful era of Engi),' continued for 34 years; however, it is said that the Shotai no Hen (the Shotai Incident), which occurred in 901 when SUGAWARA no Michizane's position was lowered to Dazai no Gon no Sochi after Tokihira made a false charge against him, was the biggest mistake of the government ruled by a son of Heaven.
Japanese: その治世は34年の長きにわたり、摂関を置かず形式上の親政を行っていたため、後世「延喜の治」と崇められたが、昌泰4年（901年）、時平の讒言を聞き菅原道真を大宰権帥に貶めた昌泰の変は、聖代の瑕と評されることであった。
English: In recent years it has been considered that this incident was constructed as a means for the Emperor and Tokihira to rid themselves of the political power of the Retired Emperor Uda.
Japanese: だが近年では、この事件を天皇と時平による宇多上皇の政治力排除のための行動であったと考えられている。
English: Tokihira was keen to complete reform by issuing the first Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates.
Japanese: 時平も初めての荘園整理令を発布したりして政治の刷新に意欲的であった。
English: He finished making National History, "Nihon San-dai Jitsuroku" and also entered into editing the San-dai Kyakushiki government, which was the basic law of ritsuryo codes, but he died without finishing it, and in 927 his brother FUJIWARA no Tadahira succeeded in Tokihira's desire to finish it.
Japanese: 国史『日本三代実録』を完成させ、また律令政治の基本法である三代格式の撰修に取り掛かったりしたが、完成に至らぬまま早世し、弟藤原忠平らがその志を継いで延長5年（927年）に完成した。
English: The Emperor paid attention to the reform of Japanese poetry, and in 905 he ordered KI no Tsurayuki to edit "Kokin Waka shu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry)."
Japanese: 天皇はまた和歌の振興に留意し、延喜5年（905年）、『古今和歌集』撰進を紀貫之らに命じた。
English: It has been handed down to succeeding generations with the title "Engi Tenryaku Gyoki sho," and together with Emperor Murakami's Gyoki there are only unfinished stories left from 宸記 "Engi Gyoki," of which 20 issues were written over 33 years.
Japanese: 20巻にわたる33年間の宸記『延喜御記』は諸書に引かれている逸文のほかは現存せず、村上天皇の御記と併せて『延喜天暦御記抄』とよばれて伝わる。
English: The eldest son of the Emperor and FUJIWARA no Onshi, who was the second consort of an Emperor, Prince Yasuakira became the crown prince; however, because he died young, his son, Prince Yoriyoshi, was set up as a crown prince, but he too died young.
Japanese: 天皇ははじめ中宮藤原穏子との間にあげた長子保明親王を東宮の座に据えたが、早世したためその子慶頼王を立坊させるも、やはり夭折した。
English: There was a rumor that all the bad luck had been caused by SUGAWARA no Michizane's curse, so in 923 the Emperor tried to console Michizane's soul by decimating the imperial rescript of him being relegated to a lower position, returning him to the Udaijin and conferring the posthumous honor.
Japanese: 一連の不幸は菅原道真の怨霊の仕業と噂され、延喜23年（923年）になって、天皇は道真を左遷した詔を破棄し、右大臣に復し贈位を行うなどその慰霊に努めた。
English: On October 16, 930, he abdicated and passed the throne to Crown Prince Hiroakira because of his illness; he died seven days later, on October 23, 930.
Japanese: 延長8年9月22日（930年10月16日）、病篤きによって皇太子寛明親王に譲位し、その7日後、延長8年9月29日（930年10月23日）に崩御。
English: The Imperial mausoleum was under the supervision of Daigo-ji Temple; today it's one of the few mausoleums whose location was known in the Heian period.
Japanese: 醍醐天皇陵は、長く醍醐寺の管理下にあったため、所在が確定できる数少ない平安時代の御陵の一つとなっている。
English: It is located at Nochi no Yamashina no Misasagi, Furumichi-cho Town, Daigo, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 後山科陵（のちのやましなのみささぎ）として京都市伏見区醍醐古道町に現存。
English: Emperor Ogimachi (June 18, 1517 - February 6, 1593) was the 106th Emperor (his reign was from November 17, 1557 to December 17, 1586).
Japanese: 正親町天皇（おおぎまちてんのう、永正14年5月29日（1517年6月18日）-文禄2年1月5日（1593年2月6日））は、第106代天皇（在位：弘治3年10月27日（1557年11月17日）-天正14年11月7日（1586年12月17日））。
English: However, when the accession occurred there was not even an enthronement ceremony; a coronation was held in 1557, as the emperors and court nobles suffered poverty due to financial difficulties.
Japanese: しかし、弘治3年（1557年）の践祚では天皇や公家達は、権威はともかく金銭的には既に生活に窮するほど落ちぶれており、即位の礼さえ挙げられなかった。
English: On the same occasion Ken-nyo, Hosshu (the head of a Buddhist sect) of Hongan-ji Temple was given the title of Monzeki (an imperial prince in holy orders; a priest-prince made) after they gave an enormous donation, whereby Hongan-ji Temple established more authority.
Japanese: このとき、本願寺法主顕如も莫大な献金を行っており、天皇から門跡の称号を与えられ、以後本願寺の権勢が増した。
English: However, the situation changed when Nobunaga ODA came to Kyoto in 1568.
Japanese: だが、永禄11年（1568年）の織田信長の上洛によって、この状況が変わってくる。
English: Nobunaga pulled back the financial situation of the Imperial Family, which was on the edge of bankruptcy, by applying various policies or helping personally.
Japanese: 信長はもはや破綻寸前に陥っていた天皇家の財政を様々な政策や自身の援助により回復させた。
English: On the other hand, Nobunaga used the Emperor's authority, and the Emperor often issued imperial peace orders to Nobunaga's opposition.
Japanese: その一方で天皇の権威を利用し、信長の敵対勢力に対してたびたび講和の勅命を出させることとなる。
English: The Emperor issued an imperial peace order at the battles of Yoshikage ASAKURA and Nagamasa ASAI in 1570, the battle of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA in 1573, and the battle at Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple in 1580.
Japanese: 元亀元年（1570年）の朝倉義景・浅井長政との戦い、天正元年（1573年）の足利義昭との戦い、天正8年（1580年）の石山本願寺との講和はいずれも正親町天皇の勅命によるものである。
English: During that time, in 1577, the Emperor gave an imperial order to Nobunaga to become a Udaijin (Minister of the Right) (Nobunaga's highest position).
Japanese: その間の天正5年（1577年）、信長へ右大臣の宣下をなす（信長の最高位）。
English: In 1585, the Emperor gave an imperial order to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become Kampaku/chancellor, and after Hideyoshi took political power he also used the Emperor's authority to back him up.
Japanese: 天正13年（1585年）、豊臣秀吉に関白を宣下し、豊臣氏へ政権が移った後も、秀吉が権威の後ろ楯として天皇を利用した。
English: After the Emperor abdicated to let his grandson, Prince Kazuhito (later called Emperor Go-yozei) attain enthronement in 1586, he retired to Sento Gosho (Sento Imperial Palace).
Japanese: 天正14年（1586年）、孫の和仁（かずひと）親王（後陽成天皇）に譲位して仙洞御所に隠退した。
English: During this time the Emperor, together with Nobunaga, helped restore the debilitated Imperial Palace after the Onin War.
Japanese: 信長の援助のもと、応仁の乱より衰退しきった朝廷を立て直した時期であった。
English: Nobunaga started minding Emperor Ogimachi in 1573.
Japanese: 正親町天皇は天正元年（1573年）頃から信長にその存在を疎まれるようになる。
English: Nobunaga seemed to have the intention of using the authority of the Imperial Palace after having set up Crown Prince Sanehito as an Emperor at the early stage.
Japanese: 信長としては、儲君の誠仁親王を早く天皇にすることで、より朝廷の権威を利用しやすいものにしようという思惑があったようである。
English: Due to the above situation, there is a theory that the Imperial Court was involved in the Honno-ji Incident (the Raid on the Honno-ji Temple).
Japanese: ちなみに本能寺の変に関する一説として朝廷関与説が浮上するのも、このような事情によるものである。
English: However, there is an opposing theory that Emperor Ogimachi wanted to abdicate but Nobunaga was against it.
Japanese: ところが全く正反対の話として、正親町天皇が譲位を希望して信長がこれに反対していたという説も存在する。
English: According to internal information (the diary of a court lady's who had served at Seiryo-den), "Oyu-dono no ue no nikki," the Emperor's intention to abdicate the throne was passed to Nobunaga on March 9, just after Nobunaga organized a massive function of Kyoto Oumazoroe in 1581.
Japanese: 朝廷の内部資料（清涼殿に仕える女官の日誌）である『お湯殿の上の日記』に基づけば、天正9年（1581年）信長が京都で大規模な京都御馬揃えを行った直後の3月9日に、正親町天皇から退位の意向が信長に伝えられた。
English: On March 24, 1581, once this was decided at a conference in the Imperial Palace, the event was even recorded as something to celebrate.
Japanese: 同年3月24日に譲位が一旦朝議で決定されて、この事を「めでたいめでたい」とまで記載された。
English: Despite the above record, there was an article titled "Kanemi-kyo ki," dated April 1, stating that the abdication was suspended in reversal.
Japanese: それにも拘らず、『兼見卿記』4月1日の条に、一転中止になったと記されている。
English: It is considered reasonable that only the person in power, Nobunaga, did not agree to the Emperor's abdication, thus there was no financial backup to pay the enormous expense of organizing various related ceremonies or building a palace for the Retired Emperor Ogimachi (Emperor Ogimachi) after he retired.
Japanese: これは譲位に関する諸儀式や退位後の正親町上皇（天皇）の御所の造営などの莫大な経費を捻出できる唯一の権力者である信長が、譲位に同意しなかったからとするのが妥当とされている。
English: (It is assumed that the emperors in three eras of the Sengoku period did not abdicate because there wasn't sufficient financial strength for the Imperial Court to support it.)
Japanese: （戦国時代に在位した3代の天皇が全て譲位をすることなく崩御しているのは、譲位のための費用が朝廷に無かったからである）。
English: In the first year of the Tensho, the Emperor Ogimachi was 57 years old (in Tensho 9 he was 65 years old), and Prince Sanehito was 22 years old (in Tensho 9 he was 30 years old).
Japanese: 天正元年の時点で、正親町天皇は57歳（同9年には65歳）、誠仁親王は22歳（同30歳）である。
English: Because Nobunaga wasn't favorable toward the Emperor's abdication, despite the above, it is considered that Nobunaga was inactive in regard to this development.
Japanese: それにも関わらず、信長が譲位に関して積極的な行動を取らなかったのは、むしろ譲位に消極的だったからではないかと見られている。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi at Fukakusa Bo-cho Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区深草坊町の深草北陵（ふかくさのきたのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Heizei, Heijo (September 26, 774 - August 5, 824) was the fifty-first Emperor (his reign was from June 8, 806 to May 8, 809).
Japanese: 平城天皇（へいぜいてんのう、へいじょうてんのう、宝亀5年8月15日（774年9月26日）-弘仁15年7月7日（824年8月5日））は第51代の天皇（在位：大同元年5月18日（806年6月8日）-大同4年4月1日（809年5月8日））。
English: The national posthumous title was Yamato neko ame oshikuni takahiko no mikoto.
Japanese: 国風諡号は日本根子天推国高彦尊（やまとねこあめおしくにたかひこのみこと）。
English: However, the Emperor was in poor health when he became the Crown Pprince and had a sensitive relationship with his father the Emperor at that time; according to "Nihon Koki," there was a rumor that the crown prince was involved in the incident of Togu-bo Tachihaki (no) Toneri being killed in 793, or that in 805 the Emperor, who was in serious medical condition, recovered temporarily and ordered the Crown Pprince to go to the Imperial Palace, but when he refused to do so, FUJIWARA no Otsugu reprimanded him and he finally went to the Imperial Palace for a while.
Japanese: だが、病弱であった上に父天皇との関係も微妙であり、『日本後紀』によれば、延暦12年（793年）に春宮坊帯刀舎人が殺害された事件の背景に皇太子がいたと噂された事や、同24年（805年）に一時重態であった天皇が一時的に回復したために皇太子に対してに参内を命じたのにも関わらず参内せず、藤原緒嗣に催促されて漸く参内したことなどが記されている。
English: Also, the Emperor made a favor of the mother of the empress, FUJIWARA no Kusuko, while he was the crown prince, as a result of which he became the subject of a scandal, so FUJIWARA no Kusuko was ordered to leave the palace by the Emperor's father.
Japanese: また、皇太子時代より、妃の母である藤原薬子を寵愛して醜聞を招き、父より薬子の追放を命じられている。
English: It is said that the Emperor reflected this kind of full account to review according to the politics of his father, Emperor Kammu.
Japanese: こうした経緯が、即位後の天皇による父・桓武天皇の政策に対する見直しへと反映されたといわれている。
English: In the early stage of his reign, he dealt aggressively with politics, trying to combine or remove officials, stopping annual events or improving working conditions for middle- and low-class officials in order to restore the politics and finances as a means to ease ordinary people.
Japanese: 即位当初は政治に意欲的に取り組み、官司の統廃合や年中行事の停止、中・下級官人の待遇改善など政治・経済の立て直しを行い、民力休養に努めた。
English: On the other hand, he called back FUJIWARA no Kusuko to the Imperial Palace and ordered her to become Naishi no Tsukasa, and she was entrusted with the handling of day-to-day things in the palace; additionally, the Emperor restored an article of the incident FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu being killed from "Shoku Nihon GI (Continuation of Chronicles of Japan)."
Japanese: その一方で藤原薬子を呼び戻して内侍司に任じて宮廷内部の事を一任し、『続日本紀』から削除した藤原種継暗殺事件の記述を復活させた。
English: This is due to Kusuko being FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu's daughter, but it is also said that the Emperor intended to have correct proof as to Prince Sawara's inability to become the crown prince, and the Emperor's imperial succession (however, the article was again removed by Emperor Saga).
Japanese: これは薬子が藤原種継の娘であったこともあるが、早良親王廃太子と自分の皇位継承の正当性を示す目的があったとされている（後に嵯峨天皇によって再度削除されることになる）。
English: In April 809, the Emperor abdicated and Prince Kamino (Emperor Saga) succeeded to the Imperial Throne, whereupon Emperor Saga appointed Prince Takaoka (Emperor Heizei's son) as the crown prince.
Japanese: 大同4年（809年）4月、病気のため神野親王（嵯峨天皇）に譲位、嵯峨天皇は平城天皇の子の高岳親王を皇太子に立てた。
English: Due to the involvement of Kusuko and her brother, FUJIWARA no Nakanari, in 810 the Emperor issued an order to the nobles to move the capital city to Heijokyo (Heijo Palace), although the Emperor Kammu had previously issued an order not to move the capital from Heiankyo (Heian Palace), but after that he took actual control of politics.
Japanese: 薬子やその兄の藤原仲成の介入により、大同5年（810年）、平安京より遷都すべからずとの桓武天皇の勅を破って平安京にいる貴族たちに平城京への遷都の詔を出し、政権の掌握を図った。
English: However, Emperor Saga's side went ahead of Emperor Heizei, and on September 10 Emperor Saga took away Kusuko's office rank.
Japanese: しかし、嵯峨天皇側に機先を制され、9月10日、嵯峨天皇が薬子の官位を剥奪。
English: The Emperor raised an army on September 11 and tried to enter the eastern district with Kusuko, but he was stopped by SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro and returned to Heijokyo (Heijo Palace) the following day.
Japanese: これに応じて11日に挙兵し、薬子と共に東国に入ろうとしたが、坂上田村麻呂らに遮られて翌日平城京に戻った。
English: When the Kusuko Incident (the Revolt of Kusuko) occurred, the Empress Princess Asahara and Princess Oyake did not follow Emperor Heizei; instead, they resigned from their positions in May 812.
Japanese: なお「薬子の変」の際、妃の朝原内親王と大宅内親王は平城上皇に同行せず、弘仁3年（812年）の5月、揃って妃の位を辞した。
English: The Retired Emperor Heizei continued to stay at Heijokyo (Heijo Palace) after a while (he did not have the title Hoo, a retired Emperor with a Buddhist name; a cloistered emperor) the title 'Dajo Tenno (Retired Emperor)' remained, and Emperor Saga visited the Retired Emperor Heizei.
Japanese: その後も上皇（当時は法皇の称号はなかった）は平城京に滞在していたが、「太上天皇」の称号はそのままとされ、嵯峨天皇の朝覲行幸も受けている。
English: The princes Abo and Takakura (Dazai no gon no sochi) were ensured of being treated well and were allowed to have the level of Shihon shinno.
Japanese: 大宰権帥に遷された阿保親王、廃太子・高岳親王の2人の皇子にも四品親王の身位を許されるなど、相応の待遇は保障されていたようである。
English: Later, when Emperor Saga intended to abdicate, it became apparent that FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu opposed it, saying it would cost too much for the Imperial Palace and they would face financial difficulty if Emperor Saga were treated the same as the Retired Emperor Heizei.
Japanese: 後に嵯峨天皇が退位しようとした時に、藤原冬嗣が退位後の天皇に平城上皇と同じ待遇を与えれば、費用がかさんで財政が危機に瀕するとして退位に反対する意見を述べている事からでも裏付けられる。
English: His imperial mausoleum is stated by the Imperial Household Agency as being at Yamamomo no Misasagi, just north of Heijokyo (Heijo Palace).
Japanese: 墓所は宮内庁により平城京のすぐ北の楊梅陵（やまもものみささぎ）が指定されている。
English: It has been considered that Yamamomo no Misasagi is the largest round barrow (tumulus, a round burial mound) (Ichiniwa Kofun, or the Ichiniwa tomb) in Japan; however, it cannot be called Emperor Heizei's mausoleum since it was learned through an archaeological excavation in 1962-1963 that the front part of the round barrow had been pulled down during the construction of Heijokyo (Heijo Palace).
Japanese: 楊梅陵（市庭古墳）は全国最大の円墳と考えられてきたが、1962-63年の発掘調査により前方部が平城京築造の際取り壊されていたのが判明したため、同古墳を平城天皇の墓とするのは無理がある。
English: Emperor Junna (786 - June 7, 840) (his reign was from May 30, 823 to March 22, 833) was the fifty-third Emperor during the early Heian Period.
Japanese: 淳和天皇（じゅんなてんのう、延暦5年（786年）-承和7年5月8日（840年6月7日）、在位：弘仁14年4月27日（823年5月30日）-天長10年2月28日（833年3月22日））は、平安時代初期の第53代天皇。
English: After the Kusuko Incident (Revolt of Kusuko), Prince Takaoka (Emperor Heizei's son) was removed from the position of Crown Prince, whereupon Emperor Junna became the crown prince on October 14, 810.
Japanese: 弘仁元年9月13日（810年10月14日）、薬子の変後に廃太子された高岳親王（平城天皇の子）に代わって立太子した。
English: This was because the Otomo clan believed it was too presumptuous to have the same name as the Emperor.
Japanese: 天皇の御名と同姓なのは畏れ多いと大伴氏が判断したからだといわれている。
English: However, the succession to the throne wasn't Emperor Junna's intention (according to "Nihon Koki," on May 22, 806, when his father died, Prince Otomo asked to be removed from the Imperial Family, but he was dissuaded from resigning by the crown prince (Emperor Heizei)) and was worried that his son Prince Tsunesada, who lacked the support of court nobles, would become the crown prince of Emperor Nimmyo.
Japanese: だが、その即位は天皇個人が望んだ皇位継承ではなく（『日本後紀』によれば、大同元年5月1日（806年5月22日）に大伴親王（当時）が父帝の死を機会に臣籍降下を願い出て皇太子（平城天皇）に慰留されている）、更に有力貴族の後ろ盾のいない息子恒貞親王が仁明天皇の皇太子になったことに不安を抱いていたと言う。
English: The Emperor became Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor) after he abdicated from the throne; he asked his close aides, FUJIWARA no Yoshino, to care for the prince's future affairs, but after he died his worries were realized as the Showa Incident.
Japanese: 退位して太上天皇になった天皇は忠実な側近藤原吉野に親王の後事を託して崩御するが、その不安は承和の変として現実のものとなった。
English: The Japanese-style posthumous name was Yamato neko ame no taka yuzuru iya to no mikoto.
Japanese: 和風諡号は日本根子天高譲弥遠尊（やまとねこあめのたかゆずるいやとおのみこと）。
English: He was also called Emperor Sai-in, which came from Junna in (currently Saiin, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City), the palace in which he stayed after he abdicated the throne.
Japanese: 譲位後の在所であった淳和院（現在の京都市中京区西院）からつけられた西院天皇（さいいんてんのう）の異称がある。
English: Following the Retired Emperor's wishes, he was cremated and his ashes/remains were dispersed at Oharano no nishi no mine no e no misasagi in Minami Kasuga-cho Town, Oharano, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 淳和上皇自身の意向により火葬され、その遺骨は京都市西京区大原野南春日町の大原野西嶺上陵（おおはらののにしのみねのえのみささぎ）で散骨されたと言われている。
English: Emperor Nimmyo (810 - May 6, 850), the fifty-fourth Emperior, reigned from March 30, 833 to May 4, 850 (in the early Heian period).
Japanese: 仁明天皇（にんみょうてんのう弘仁元年（810年）-嘉祥3年3月21日（850年5月6日）在位天長10年3月6日（833年3月30日）-嘉祥3年3月19日（850年5月4日））は、平安時代初期の第54代天皇。
English: On March 6, 833, he succeeded to the Imperial Throne after his uncle, Emperor Junna, passed the position to him.
Japanese: 天長10年（833年）3月6日、叔父に当たる淳和天皇の譲りを受けて即位。
English: Initially, a prince of Emperor Junna, Prince Tsunesada, was recommended to become the crown prince; however, after the Showa Incident (842) Prince Tsunesada was dethroned, so instead Emperor Nimmyo's first prince, Michiyasu, became the crown prince.
Japanese: 当初、淳和天皇の皇子恒貞親王を皇太子に立てたが、承和9年（842年）の承和の変により、恒貞は廃せられ、代わりに仁明天皇の第一皇子道康親王が立太子した。
English: It is said that this incident happened because the Emperor wanted his son to succeed the throne; on the other hand, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa used the Emperor's intentions and formed a plot against him in order that his nephew Michiyasu could succeed to the throne.
Japanese: これには自らの息子に皇位を継がせたい帝の意思と、それを利用して甥である道康を立太子させたい藤原良房の陰謀があったと言われている。
English: The Emperor had been weak since birth, and in the record of "Shoku Nihon Koki" his medical history since age seven is listed; after his enthronement he often compounded medicines (Tanyaku, Ishiyaku), and his knowledge was as good as that of a doctor in his time.
Japanese: 天皇は幼少時から病弱であったとされ、『続日本後紀』には7歳の頃からの様々な病歴が記載され、即位後もしばしば薬（丹薬・石薬）の調薬をして医師並みの知識を有していたとされる。
English: According to an article of FUJIWARA no Yoshimi's death in "Sandai Jitsuroku," it is said that the Emperor ordered Yoshimi to try his own, self-made medicine.
Japanese: また、『三代実録』の藤原良相の死去の記事では良相ら側近に自分が作成した薬の試飲を命じたとされている。
English: Sanyo RAI, who was a Confucianist (a Confucian scholar of the Edo period), criticized Emperor Nimmyo for not accepting Prince Tsunesada's previous frequent resignations from the position of Crown Prince, but he removed the prince and let his own son be enthroned as the crown prince when the incident occurred ("Nihon Seiki").
Japanese: 江戸時代の儒学者・頼山陽は、天皇が恒貞親王が度々皇太子を辞退した際には受け付けず、事件にかこつけてこれを廃して自分の実子を立てたことを厳しく非難している（『日本政記』）。
English: His Japanese-style posthumous name is Yamato neko amatsu mishirushi toyosato no mikoto.
Japanese: 和風諡号は「日本根子天璽豊聡慧尊」（やまとねこあまつみしるしとよさとのみこと）。
English: Emperor Montoku (827 - October 7, 858), the fifty-fifth Emperor, reigned from May 31, 850 to October 7, 858.
Japanese: 文徳天皇（もんとくてんのう、天長4年（827年）-天安2年8月27日（858年10月7日）、在位：嘉祥3年4月17日（850年5月31日）-天安2年8月27日（858年10月7日））は第55代天皇。
English: After Prince Tsunesada was removed from the position of Crown Prince in the Showa Incident of 842, instead the Emperor Montoku succeeded to the throne after Emperor Nimmyo died (850), with the recommendation of his uncle, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, who had contributed to the resolution of the incident.
Japanese: 承和9年（842年）、承和の変で皇太子恒貞親王が廃されると、変の解決に功のあった伯父藤原良房にも推され代わりに立太子し、嘉祥3年（850年）、仁明天皇の崩御に伴い即位。
English: Given the situation, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa started to enhance his political power during Emperor Nimmyo's reign; he let his grandchild, his fourth prince, Korehito (later called Emperor Seiwa), whose mother was Some dono no kisaki (Empress) FUJIWARA no Akirakeiko (Empress Some dono) (Akira Keiko) become the crown prince, married while the Emperor was the crown prince, and finally had Prince Korehito in the same year as the Emperor's enthronement.
Japanese: こうした経緯も含め、藤原良房は仁明朝期頃から次第に権勢を強め、文徳天皇が東宮だった頃に嫁がせていた娘、染殿后藤原明子(染殿后)（あきらけいこ）がちょうど天皇即位の年にようやく産んだ、第四皇子惟仁親王（のちの清和天皇）を立太子させる。
English: The Emperor wanted his first prince, Koretaka, the son of his favorite Koi (KI no Shizuko), to succeed the throne; however, due to Yoshifusa's political pressure he had no choice but to let Korehito become the crown prince.
Japanese: 天皇は寵愛の更衣、紀静子所生の第一皇子惟喬親王に期待したが、良房の圧力で惟仁を皇太子とせざるを得なかった。
English: However, the darkness between Emperor Montoku and Yoshifusa continued, and it is said while Emperor Montoku was in power he moved to the togu (a palace for a crown prince) located at the end of the palace, or Reizen-in where the Retired Emperor Saga's palace was located far from the palace; he never lived or spent time in the main building of the palace because Yoshifusa had put political pressure on him.
Japanese: だが、その後も天皇と良房の暗闘は続き、良房の圧力の前に在位中には内裏の外れにある東宮や嵯峨上皇の離宮だった冷然院などに居住して、遂に一度も内裏正殿を居住の間として生活を送ることはなかったという。
English: Soon the Emperor tried to let Prince Korehito resign from his position as the crown prince, as he wanted Prince Koretaka to become the crown prince instead; however, Sadaijin MINAMOTO no Makoto, advised that it should be stopped since he was concerned about Prince Koretaka's safety.
Japanese: やがて、天皇は惟喬親王の立太子を条件に惟仁親王への譲位を図るが、惟喬親王の身に危機が及ぶ事を恐れた左大臣源信の諫言で取り止めとなった。
English: In popular lore, the cause of his death was a cerebral stroke, but 彦由一太 seemed to think the Emperor was assassinated by FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, considering that the Emperor's illness had so suddenly worsened.
Japanese: 通説では死因は脳卒中とされているが、彦由一太は余りの病状の急変から藤原良房による暗殺説を唱えている。
English: There is the Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku (also called 'Montoku Jutsuroku') edition in Article 5 of Rikkoku shi, which is a record of the government during the Montoku reign.
Japanese: 六国史の第五に文徳一代の治世を記録した日本文徳天皇実録（「文徳実録」とも）が編纂されている。
English: Emperor Seiwa (May 10, 850 - January 7, 881) was the fifty-sixth Emperor (he reigned during the early Heian period).
Japanese: 清和天皇（せいわてんのう、嘉祥3年3月25日（850年5月10日）-元慶4年12月4日（881年1月7日））は、平安時代前期の第56代天皇。
English: His reign was from November 7, 858 to November 29, 876.
Japanese: 在位は天安2年（858年）11月7日-貞観18年（876年）11月29日。