nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 899, the Retired Emperor Uda made a royal visit to Nobukiko at the celebration of her fiftieth birthday held in Michizane's house and conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) upon her.
Japanese: 昌泰2年（899年）、道真邸で行われた彼女の五十歳の賀に宇多上皇が御幸し、彼女を従五位下に叙した。
English: OE no Asatsuna (866 - January 25, 958) was Kugyo (the top court official), a scholar, and a calligrapher who lived in the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 大江朝綱（おおえのあさつな、866年（仁和2年）-958年1月25日（天徳(日本)元年12月28日(旧暦)））は平安時代中期の公卿にして学者及び書家。
English: On February 13, 938, he was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained his positions as Sashoben, Minbu shoyu, Monjo hakase, and Iyo no suke.
Japanese: 938年（承平8）1月7日、正五位下に昇叙し、左少弁・民部少輔・文章博士・伊予介如元。
English: On February in 941, he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained his positions as Uchuben, Minbu shoyu, Monjo hakase, and Iyo no suke.
Japanese: 941年（天慶4）1月、従四位下に昇叙し、右中弁・民部少輔・文章博士・伊予介如元。
English: On December 20, 946, he was promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and retained his positions as Sachuben, Minbu taifu, Monjo hakase, and Iyo no suke.
Japanese: 11月19日、従四位上に昇叙し、左中弁・民部大輔・文章博士・伊予介如元。
English: Fusasada UESUGI (1433, date of birth unknown - December 4, 1493) was a person in the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan).
Japanese: 上杉房定（うえすぎふささだ、永享5年（1433年）?-明応2年10月17日_(旧暦)（1494年11月14日））は、室町時代・戦国時代(日本)の人物。
English: Successive Echigo shugo up to Fusatomo had governed Echigo while staying in Kyoto, but Fusasada returned to Echigo, most likely to cope with the rebellious Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable) Kunikage NAGAO.
Japanese: 房朝の時代までは歴代の越後守護は在京して政務にあたっていたが、反抗的であった守護代長尾邦景に対抗するためと思われる。
English: Just then, Fusasada began persuading the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) into bringing Kamakura kubo (kubo: shogunal representative) back and making Eijuomaru (later, Shigeuji ASHIKAGA) who was a son of the deceased former Kamakura kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA inherit the hereditary position in the Kanto region to quell the disorder there in the aftermath of the Eikyo War.
Japanese: 折りしも永享の乱後の関東地方の混乱鎮圧のために房定は鎌倉公方を復活させて前公方足利持氏の遺子の永寿王丸（後の足利成氏）の関東復帰を室町幕府に運動を始めた。
English: Kunikage NAGAO remonstrated to Fusasada that Eijuomaru's inheriting the post would intensify the unrest, which was taken by Fusasada (Kunikage's superior) as a slight on him, and so he arrested Kunikage and forced him to commit suicide, and defeated Kunikage's legitimate son Sanekage NAGAO who revolted against him..
Japanese: 長尾邦景は永寿王丸復帰によって却って混乱が深まると諫言したが、これを守護である自分を軽んじるものとして受け取った房定は邦景を捕えて自害させ、これに対して反乱を起こした邦景の嫡男長尾実景を攻め滅ぼした。
English: Thereafter, Fusasada appointed Yorikage NAGAO and Shigekage NAGAO, who were from a branch family of Nagao and served as his entourage, to Shugodai and he delegated them to govern the province.
Japanese: その後、長尾氏庶流で自身の側近の長尾頼景・長尾重景を守護代に取り立て政務にあたらせた。
English: Fusasada successfully made Eijuomaru inherit the Kanto region, but the misgivings by Kunikage NAGAO came true in the end when Shigeuji ASHIKAGA (Eijuomaru) came of age and schemed to subjugate the Uesugi clan, which triggered the Kyotoku War.
Japanese: 永寿王丸の関東復帰を実現させたものの、結局は長尾邦景の危惧は的中し、元服した足利成氏（永寿王丸）が上杉氏討伐を計画した事をきっかけに享徳の乱が勃発する。
English: Fusasada entered the Kanto region in 1455 and spent the following 16 years battling in various parts of the region against warlords on the Shigeuji's side who took refuge in Koga-jo Castle and declared themselves 'Koga kubo.'
Japanese: 康正元年（1455年）に関東に入った房定は以後、16年にわたって関東に滞在して各地で古河城に逃れて「古河公方」と名乗った成氏方の諸将との戦いに費やした。
English: When Kanto kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Fusaaki UESUGI (the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family) died childless in battle in 1466, Fusasada gave his biological son Tatsuwaka (later, Akisada) to the family to comply with a request from Kagenobu NAGAO who was under the orders of Seii taishogun (Barbarian Subduing Generalissimo) Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, and had Tatsuwaka succeed to Kanto kanrei.
Japanese: 文正元年（1466年）関東管領の上杉房顕（山内上杉家）が子供を遺さずに陣没した際には、征夷大将軍足利義政の命を受けた長尾景信の求めにより実子の龍若（後の顕定）を養子に送り、関東管領に就任させている。
English: When Yorikage NAGAO stayed behind and looked after Echigo Province, as Shugodai died in 1469, Fusasada started feeling uneasy about the internal affairs of Echigo and returned in 1471, leaving his legitimate son Sadamasa in Shiroi-jo Castle in Kozuke Province.
Japanese: しかし、文明_(日本)元年（1469年）に守護代として留守を守り続けた長尾頼景が没してのを機に越後の国内に不安を覚えたため、文明3年（1471年）に嫡男・定昌を上野国白井城に留めて自身は越後に帰還した。
English: While working hard to manage the government of Echigo from that time on, he also strived to reconcile the Uesugi clan and the bakufu with Koga kubo, acting as an intermediary in peace negotiations which started in 1481 between the two parties.
Japanese: 以後は越後の国政に専念する一方で上杉氏・幕府と古河公方との和睦の成立にも尽力し、文明12年（1481年）から始まった両者の和平交渉の仲介にあたった。
English: Meanwhile, Fusasada was also appointed to Hangoku Shugo (military governor in charge of the half area of the Province) of Shinano Province in 1477, which demonstrated the confidence the bakufu held in him.
Japanese: 一方で、文明(日本)9年（1477年）には信濃国の半国守護にも任命されており、幕府からの信任の篤さが伺える。
English: When Akisada who succeeded the head of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family intended to hold back the rise of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family and came into conflict with the family, Fusasada sought to be installed as kokushi in Sagami Province by Shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA and assumed office in 1487 (To return the courtesy of that treatment, Fusasada presented 30 rolles of cloth made in Echigo to Yoshihisa).
Japanese: 山内上杉家を継いだ顕定が扇谷上杉家の台頭を食い止めようとしてこれと対立すると、房定は将軍足利義尚に求めて、文明18年（長享元年・1487年）自らの相模国国司への就任を実現させ、房定が謝礼として越後の布30端を義尚に献上している。
English: That was virtually a declaration of divesting the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family of its position of kokushu (kokushu daimyo), because Sagami was ryoseikoku (province) where the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family served as Shugo.
Japanese: 相模は扇谷上杉家が守護を務めている令制国であり、事実上同家より国主の地位を剥奪する事を宣言したものであった。
English: Needless to say, Fusasada fully backed Akisada and went to the Kanto region to go to battle in 1488.
Japanese: 当然、房定は顕定を全面的に支援して長享2年（1488年）には自ら関東に出陣している。
English: Although Akisada lost three main battles in a row and reportedly had Sadamasa gain an advantage over him at the beginning, Akisada managed to sustain the battles thanks to his father Fusasada's support which encouraged Akisada to fight off the enemy after Sadamasa's death..
Japanese: 当初は主要な戦いで3連敗して定正の優勢が言われた中で顕定が持ちこたえる事が出来たのは父・房定による支援が存在したからであり、これが定正死後の顕定の反攻につながる事になった。
English: Echigo Province did not have any notable disturbances after the downfall of Sanekage NAGAO, and court nobles and Buddhist monks who were known as leading intellectuals such as Masayasu ASUKAI, Shukyu BANRI, and Doko of Shogo-in Temple began to go down to Echigo, escaping from Kyoto which had been devastated by the Onin War.
Japanese: とはいえ、越後国内では長尾実景の滅亡後には大きな戦乱が起きる事もなく、応仁の乱で荒廃した京都から逃れた飛鳥井雅康や万里集九、聖護院道興などの一流の教養人として知られた公家・僧侶が越後に下向するようになった。
English: Fusasada generously protected them, thereby contributing to the cultural advancement in Echigo.
Japanese: 房定はこれをよく保護したため、越後の文化発展にも貢献するところとなった。
English: It was ostensibly recorded that Fusasada persuaded Masamoto not to go to practice Shugendo (the Way of Mountain Asceticism) in Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) and to return to Kyoto; however, in recent studies, it was supposed that Masamoto came to request cooperation of Fusasada and his son Akisada in his plan to depose Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 表向きは奥州に修験道の修行に行くという政元を房定が説得して京都に帰らせた事になっているが、近年では将軍足利義稙の廃立計画について房定及びその子・顕定の協力を求めに来たのではないかとも言われている。
English: In 1493, in later years of Fusasada, Fusanaga HONJO and Yorizane KUROKAWA of Agakitashu revolted, which was suppressed by the efforts of Yoshikage NAGAO (Shigekage's son).
Japanese: 晩年の明応元年（1493年）には、揚北衆の本庄房長・黒川頼実が反乱を起こすが、長尾能景（重景の子）の活躍で鎮圧された。
English: Fusasada died in 1494, and as his heir Sadamasa died ahead of him, his youngest son Fusayoshi succeeded him.
Japanese: 明応2年（1494年）死去、嫡男・定昌に先立たれていたため、家督は末子の房能が継承した。
English: FUJIWARA no Morouji (around February 20, 913 - August 23, 970) was a Court noble who lived in the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原師氏（ふじわらのもろうじ、延喜13年1月7日(旧暦)頃（913年2月20日頃）-天禄元年7月14日(旧暦)（970年8月23日））は、平安時代中期の公卿。
English: He was appointed chamberlain in 929, promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) by chugu-gokyu (a kind of pension paid to the second consort of an emperor) in 934, and finally was appointed the position of Dainagon of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).
Japanese: 翌延長7年、侍従に任じられ、承平(日本)4年（934年）には中宮御給によって従五位下に昇進、最終的には正三位大納言に至る。
English: The highest official rank conferred on Morouji was Dainagon whereas elder brothers Saneyori and Morosuke and younger brother Morotada advanced to Daijin (minister).
Japanese: 兄実頼・師輔、弟師尹が大臣まで栄進したのに対し、師氏の極官は大納言であった。
English: After Morotada, who was seven years younger than Morouji, was appointed Gon Chunagon (provisional vice-councilor of state) in 948, Morouji always had a lower appointment.
Japanese: 天暦2年（948年）7歳年下の弟師尹が権中納言に任官されて以降は、常に師氏の方が官職が下位にあった。
English: Besides, when his nephew FUJIWARA no Koretada (Morosuke's son) was appointed Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) in 967, Morouji, who was Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) at that time, had a lower appointment than his nephew.
Japanese: 更に、康保4年（967年）には、師氏の甥藤原伊尹（父は師輔）が権大納言に任官されたことによって、当時中納言であった師氏は、甥よりも官職が下位になった。
English: "Uji Shui Monogatri" (a collection of the Tales from Uji) records that he died on the second day of the banquet ceremony held in celebration of his appointment to Konoe Daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards), but other historical materials including "Kugyoubunin" (directory of court nobles) and the like do not mention his appointment to Konoe Daisho.
Japanese: なお、『宇治拾遺物語』には、近衛大将任官の饗宴の2日前に歿したとあるが、『公卿補任』等の史料には、近衛大将任官の記載はない。
English: "Kuya-rui" describes that Morouji made a pledge of fideity in this world and the next with Kuya, and "Kuya-rui," "Kojidan" (Talks of the Past), and the like describe that Kuya wrote an official letter to Enma Daio (the King of Hell) when Morouji died.
Japanese: 『空也誄』に空也と二世の契りがあったこと、『空也誄』『古事談』等に、師氏薨去に際して、空也が閻魔大王に送る牒文を書いたと伝えている。
English: "Kagero Nikki" (The Gossamer Years) describes that Morouji had a villa in Uji but it ran down after his death.
Japanese: また、『蜻蛉日記』には、師氏が宇治に別荘を有していたものの、歿後荒廃してしまったと記す。
English: He was an excellent waka (31-syllable Japanese poem) poet, described as an honorary Kasen (master poet) in "Waka Iroha Shu" (Collection of Japanese Verse, A to Z), and his eleven works are included in anthologies of poem such as "Gosen Wakashu" (Later selected collection of Japnese poetry), "Shin Kokin Waka Shu" (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems), and the like.
Japanese: 和歌に優れ、『和歌色葉集』に名誉歌仙と記載され、『後撰和歌集』『新古今和歌集』等の勅撰集に11首入集されている。
English: Moronobu KAZANIN (1275 - November 28, 1321) was a court noble who lived in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 花山院師信（かざんいんもろのぶ、建治元年（1275年）-元亨元年11月1日_(旧暦)（1321年11月20日））は、鎌倉時代後期の公家。
English: Moronobu had been successfully promoted from Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) of the Emperor Gouda, then Sangi (councillor) at the age of 17, then Gon Chunagon (provisional vice-councilor of state) in 1299, and then Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) in 1303.
Japanese: 後宇多天皇の蔵人頭から17歳で参議、正安元年（1299年）に権中納言、嘉元元年（1303年）に権大納言と順調に出世を重ねる。
English: Even Emperor Hanazono of Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu), who was at the opposite side of Moronobu, trusted Moronobu much and rated him "aid with remarkable talents of Japanese and Chinese".
Japanese: 対立関係にある持明院統の花園天皇からも「和漢の才に富んだ補佐役」として評価されて信頼が厚かった。
English: Among court nobles of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) who were ousted from important posts in the court of Emperor Hanazono one after another, Moronobu alone promoted as an exception to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) in 1316.
Japanese: 花園朝では大覚寺統系の公家が軒並み要職から外されていく中で正和5年（1316年）に異例の大納言昇進を果たした。
English: Dainagon (chief councilor of state)
Japanese: 続いて大覚寺統に政権が戻った後醍醐天皇の元応元年（1319年）には内大臣に昇進する。
English: Both Daikakuji-to and Jimyoin-to regretted the death of Moronobu as exemplified by the Retired Emperor Hanazono who recorded in his diary the day of Moronobu's death 'We suffered a great loss.'
Japanese: 花園上皇がその日の日記に「大きな損失である」と記すなど、大覚寺統・持明院統双方からその死を惜しまれた。
English: Tsunetsugu NAKAMIKADO (1258 - date of death is unknown) was a court noble who lived in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 中御門経継（なかみかどつねつぐ、正嘉2年（1258年）-?）は、鎌倉時代後期の公卿。
English: In 1302, he was promoted to Sangi (councillor) without having to be Kurodo (chamberlain) and benkan (officials of the dajokan) which were the requirements for the position in those days, on recommendation of the Retired Emperor Gouda who administered insei (the rule of a cloistered emperor).
Japanese: 乾元_(日本)元年（1302年）院政を行っていた後宇多上皇の推薦で当時の要件とされていた蔵人・弁官を経ずに参議に昇進する。
English: When the Retired Emperor Gouda restarted insei under the control of the Emperor Godaigo, he became Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) and denso (messenger to Emperor) in 1319.
Japanese: 後宇多上皇が後醍醐天皇のもとで再度院政を始めると、元応元年（1319年）には権大納言・伝奏となった。
English: When the Emperor Godaigo intend to have his son succeed the throne by removing the Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi, who was in the main branch of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama), Tsunetsugu worked hard to defend the Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi in order to conform to the wishes of the Retired Emperor Gouda.
Japanese: だが、後醍醐天皇が大覚寺統嫡流である邦良親王を廃して自分の子に皇位継承させようとすると、後宇多上皇の意を受けて邦良親王擁護の為に奔走する。
English: When the Cloistered Emperor Gouda, and then the Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi died, Tsunetsugu, who had been hated by the Emperor Godaigo, was purged from the court, and in 1326, became a Buddhist monk.
Japanese: だが、後宇多法皇次いで邦良親王が没すると、後醍醐天皇から疎まれていた経継は宮廷から追われて嘉暦元年（1326年）に出家した。
English: Yoshitoyo NIJO (1536 - October 11, 1551) was a court noble who lived in the Sengoku period (Japanese Warring States period).
Japanese: 二条良豊（にじょうよしとよ、天文(元号)5年（1536年）－天文20年9月2日_(旧暦)（1551年10月1日））は、戦国時代_(日本)の公卿。
English: Tadafusa celebrated his coming of age at 14 in 1549 and conferred Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 天文18年（1549年）に14歳で元服し、正五位下左近衛少将に叙せられる。
English: In 1551, with his father, Yoshitoyo who was Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) Hisangi (advisor at large) stayed in Yamaguchi which was the home ground of Yoshitaka OUCHI, Daimyo in the Sengoku period in the Suo Province, and got involved in the rebellion of Harukata SUE.
Japanese: 天文20年（1551年）正三位非参議であった良豊は父とともに周防国の戦国大名大内義隆の本拠である山口に滞在中に陶晴賢の謀叛に巻き込まれた。
English: His father was killed by the Sue Camp, Yoshitaka OUCHI killed himself, and then Yoshitoyo was caught by the Sue Camp and killed himself (Daineiji no hen; the revolt of Daineiji).
Japanese: 父を陶軍に殺害され、良豊も大内義隆自害後に陶軍に捕われて自害して果てた（大寧寺の変）。
English: Kaneyoshi ICHIJO (his given name can also be pronounced "Kaneka," January 21, 1693 - September 21, 1751) was a Kugyo (top court official) in the mid-Edo period.
Japanese: 一条兼香（いちじょうかねよし/かねか、元禄5年12月16日(旧暦)（1693年1月12日）－寛延4年8月2日(旧暦)（1751年9月21日））は、江戸時代中期の公卿。
English: He was a close adviser of Emperor Sakuramachi, remaining at the center of the court for fourteen years, reaching Juichii (Junior First Rank) and holding the positions of Kanpaku (Chief Adviser to the Emperor) Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister of State).
Japanese: 桜町天皇の側近として活躍し、従一位関白左大臣・太政大臣を歴任して14年にわたって朝廷の中枢にあった。
English: He was adopted by the Ichijo family since his maternal aunt, who was married to Kaneteru ICHIJO, did not have any sons.
Japanese: 母方の叔母が継室として嫁いでいた一条兼輝に男子がいなかったために、養子として一条家に入った。
English: Influenced by his adoptive father, who was known as a book collector, he studied hard and was highly praised as 'a talent of the period' by Iehiro KONOE, who would later be a political enemy.
Japanese: 蔵書家として知られた養父の影響で学問に励み、後に政敵となる近衛家熙からも「当世の才」として高く評価された。
English: In 1701, at the age of ten, he celebrated his coming of age, and three years later joined the Kugyo when he was appointed Jusanmi Gon Chunagon (Provisional Vice-Councilor of State with the Junior Third Rank).
Japanese: 元禄15年（1701年）10歳で元服すると、3年後に従三位権中納言に任ぜられて公卿に加わる。
English: In 1705, his adoptive father died and he became the head of the Ichijo family at the age of fourteen (in his fourteenth year).
Japanese: 宝永2年（1705年）に養父が死去し14歳（数え歳）で一条家を継いだ。
English: At this time, Motohiro KONOE and his son, Iehiro, were in conflict with the Retired Emperor Reigen, who headed a cloistered government and was a maternal relative of Ienobu TOKUGAWA, the Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and by having Iehiro's daughter made a nyogo (emperor's consort) wielded immense power within the Imperial court.
Japanese: 当時、近衛基熙・家熙父子が江戸幕府征夷大将軍徳川家宣の外戚である事を背景として院政を行っていた霊元上皇と対立し、家熙の娘を中御門天皇の女御にするなど朝廷内で絶大な力を振るっていた。
English: In contrast, Kaneyoshi was opposed to this, together with his brother, Kanehiro TAKATSUKASA, and paternal cousins, Sukezane KUJO and Tsunahira NIJO (their father, Kaneharu KUJO, was the brother of Kaneyoshi's father, Fusasuke TAKATSUKASA).
Japanese: これに対して兼香は実兄の鷹司兼熙、父方の従兄弟である九条輔実・二条綱平兄弟（兄弟の父である九条兼晴は兼香の実父・鷹司房輔の実弟）と結んでこれに対抗した。
English: In 1728, Kaneyoshi as well as being Udaijin (Minister of the Right), also held the additional post of Togu no Fu, in charge of the education of Crown Prince Teruhito.
Japanese: 享保13年（1728年）、右大臣であった兼香は皇太子昭仁親王の東宮傅を兼務する。
English: Extremely knowledgeable and with a thorough knowledge of Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) and Suika Shinto (a mix of Shinto and Confucianism), he gained the confidence of the Crown Prince, who had his sights on reviving court rituals and implementing organizational reform.
Japanese: 博識で有職故実や垂加神道にも精通していた兼香は、衰退した朝廷儀式の再興と組織改革の実現を志していた皇太子から厚い信任を得るようになる。
English: During this time, he was appointed to Juichii (Junior First Rank) in 1732 and the Crown Prince was enthroned as Emperor Sakuramachi in 1735.
Japanese: この間の享保17年（1732年）に従一位に叙せられ、享保20年（1735年）には皇太子が桜町天皇として即位する。
English: On September 23, 1737, Emperor Sakuramachi, who had begun ruling directly after losing his father, the Retired Emperor Nakamikado, appointed Kaneyoshi, who was Sadaijin at that time, to be Kanpaku.
Japanese: 元文2年8月29日(旧暦)（1737年9月23日）、父である中御門上皇を失って親政を開始した桜町天皇は左大臣であった兼香を関白に任じた。
English: After becoming Kanpaku, Kaneyoshi asked the Edo bakufu for assistance in reviving the Daijo-sai festival (a festival to celebrate the succession of an emperor), which had drained the finances when it was revived once for Emperor Higashiyama and so was not held for Emperor Nakamikado.
Japanese: 関白となった兼香は東山天皇の時代に一度は復活しながらも財政不足から次の中御門天皇時代には開けなかった大嘗祭復活のための支援を江戸幕府に求めた。
English: The shogun at the time, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, agreed with the revival of the traditional rituals in court and Emperor Sakuramachi's Daijo-sai festival was held in 1738.
Japanese: 当時の将軍徳川吉宗も朝廷の伝統儀式の復活に賛同を示し、翌年元文3年（1738年）には桜町天皇の大嘗祭が開催される事になった。
English: Also, in 1739, at a request by Yoshimune, he recommended four kuge (court nobles), Michimi NAKANOIN, Mitsuhide KARASUMARU, Kintomi SANJONISHI, and Tamehisa REIZEI, who were outstanding waka poets of the period and had them present their waka to Yoshimune.
Japanese: また、元文4年（1539年）には吉宗の依頼により、当時和歌に優れた4人の公家（中院通躬・烏丸光栄・三条西公福・冷泉為久）を推挙して吉宗に自作の和歌を提出させている。
English: These two to three years were extremely significant for Kaneyoshi and Emperor Sakuramachi.
Japanese: この元文2・3年は兼香と桜町天皇にとっては重要な意義の持つ年であった。
English: The direct reason for Kaneyoshi's appointment to Kanpaku in the first place was the death of the former Kanpaku, Yoshitada NIJO, from disease, but Daijo-daijin Iehisa KONOE, who maintained his domination of the court for three generations through Motohiro and Iehiro KONOE, also died of a disease the same year, and Munehiro NIJO, who had just become Udaijin, died from disease the following year soon after his father, Yoshitada.
Japanese: そもそも兼香の関白就任の直接の要因は、前任の二条吉忠の病死によるものであったが、この年には基熙・家熙と並んで3代にわたって朝廷で優位を保ってきた太政大臣近衛家久も病死、更に翌年には右大臣になったばかりの二条宗熙が父・吉忠の後を追うように病死した。
English: As a result, during the five years from 1738 to 1743, the position of head of each of the Sekkan-ke famlies (the Ichijo family, the Konoe family, the Nijo family, the Kujo family, and the Takatsukasa family) was unsettled, as seen in the following list.
Japanese: この結果、摂関家（一条家・近衛家・二条家・九条家・鷹司家）の当主は、元文3年（1738年）から寛保3年（1743年）までの5年間に以下の表の様な変動に見舞われることになった。
English: Family head, Munemoto NIJO (became Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) at twelve years old (coming of age ceremony the following year) and Gon Dainagon and Ukone no Daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) at seventeen years old)
Japanese: 当主二条宗基（従五位上12歳（翌年元服）→権大納言兼右近衛大将17歳）
English: Family head, Tanemoto KUJO (Gon Dainagon and Ukone no Daisho at fourteen years old and died when he was Naidaijin at nineteen years old); succeded in 1743 by his uncle, Naozane KUJO (a priest by the name of Gyogen, he returned to secular life and became Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at twenty-seven years old and had his coming of age ceremony the following year)
Japanese: 当主九条稙基（権大納言兼右近衛大将14歳→内大臣19歳で死去）⇒寛保3年九条尚実（稙基の叔父である僧堯厳が還俗・正五位下27歳（翌年元服））
English: Family head, Mototeru TAKATSUKASA (became Gon Dainagon at twelve years old and died when he was Naidaijin at seventeen years old); succeded by Sukehira TAKATSUKASA in 1743 (from the Kaninnomiya family and at eight years old (he had his coming of age ceremony two years later) was without any rank or position
Japanese: 当主鷹司基輝(権大納言12歳→内大臣17歳で死去)⇒寛保3年輔平（閑院宮家より相続・無位無官8歳（2年後元服））
English: In addition, Munemoto NIJO was Tanemoto KUJO's brother, Mototeru TAKATSUKASA was Kaneyoshi ICHIJO's son, and Sukehira TAKATSUKASA was at one time adopted by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO but entered the Takatsukasa family to succeed his brother, Mototeru TAKATSUKASA.
Japanese: なお、二条宗基は九条稙基の弟、鷹司基輝は一条兼香の子、同輔平は一旦一条兼香の養子となり、兄・基輝の相続という名目で鷹司家に入る。
English: Also, in 1743, the position of Naidaijin was held by Tanemoto KUJO (at nineteen years old but died), then Mototeru TAKATSUKASA (at seventeen years old but died), followed by Uchisaki KONOE (at sixteen years old).
Japanese: また、寛保3年（1743年）の内大臣は九条稙基（19歳・死去）→鷹司基輝（17歳・死去）→近衛内前（16歳）に任じられている。
English: During this time, the heads of each family, except the Ichijo, all came to power and died young, a situation that made it difficult for the Sekkan-ke to fulfill its role (the oldest, Naozane KUJO, was politically inexperienced, having entered a temple when he was young).
Japanese: この時期、一条家以外の各家では、幼い当主の擁立と死去が相次ぎ、摂関家としての役割を果たせる状況ではなかった（最年長の九条尚実は幼少時から寺院に入っていたため政治経験がない)。
English: Also, because the Edo bakufu's policy for controling the Imperial Court excluded families below the rank of Seigake from the highest political decision-making process, Kaneyoshi and his heir, Michika, as Ministers of the Left and Right, were left in control of, but unable to make progress in, government affairs (in addition, Michika was appointed Nairan (in charge of inspecting documents submitted to the Emperor) when Kaneyoshi was temporarily forced to rest due to paralysis in 1739).
Japanese: また、江戸幕府の朝廷統制政策により清華家以下の諸家は政治の最高意思決定の場から実質排除されていたため、兼香と嫡男・道香が左右大臣として政務を取り仕切らなければ、政務が進まないという事態に陥ったのである（なお、道香は元文4年（1739年）に兼香が一時中風によって静養を余儀なくされた際に内覧に任じられている）。
English: On the other hand, this situation meant there were no obstacles to prevent the policy that Emperor Sakuramachi and Kaneyoshi were promoting.
Japanese: 逆にそれは桜町天皇と兼香の進める政策を阻む障害が存在しないという状況でもあった。
English: Emperor Sakuramachi and Kaneyoshi ICHIJO together revived Imperial court events that had died out, starting with the Daijo-sai festival, followed by the Niiname-sai festival (ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly-harvested rice to the deities) in 1740, and the Hoheishi (imperial messenger) to Usa-jingu Shrine and Kashii-gu Shrine in 1744, the start of the traditional Chinese sixty-year cycle.
Japanese: 桜町天皇と一条兼香のコンビは先の大嘗祭復活に続いて、元文5年（1740年）に新嘗祭復活、次いで延享元年（1744年）の甲子改元時における宇佐神宮・香椎宮への奉幣使復活など、廃絶していた朝廷行事の再興を実現する。
English: In parallel with this, from around 1738, when the Daijo-sai festival was revived, the Emperor and Kaneyoshi had begun preparations to overhaul the Imperial Court.
Japanese: またこれと並行して大嘗祭が復活した元文3年頃より、天皇と兼香は朝廷官制の見直しの準備を開始していた。