nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He also had an opportunity to observe the dissection of a dead body in Kozuka execution ground (Minamisenju, Arakawa Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) with Ryotaku MAENO, who happened to bring back the same medical science book from Nagasaki and Junan NAKAGAWA, and admired how accurate the anatomical chart of the book was.
Japanese: 偶然にも長崎から同じ医学書を持ち帰った前野良沢や、中川淳庵らとともに小塚原刑場（東京都荒川区南千住）で死体の腑分けを実見し、解剖図の正確さに感嘆する。
English: Genpaku SUGITA and Ryotaku MAENO translated the "Ontleedkundige Tafelen" and published it as "Kaitai Shinsho (literally, New Book of Anatomy)" in 1774.
Japanese: 杉田玄白、前野良沢らは『ターヘル・アナトミア』を和訳し、安永3年（1774年）に『解体新書』として刊行するに至る。
English: In 1776, Genpaku left the second city residence of the Domain and started renting a neighboring Hama-cho residence of 1,650 sq.m., a residence owned by Tobei TAKEMOTO (hatamoto [a direct vassal of the shogun], with a 500 koku stipend).
Japanese: 安永5年（1776年）藩の中屋敷を出て、近隣の竹本藤兵衛（旗本、500石取）の浜町拝領屋敷500坪のうちに地借し外宅する。
English: In his later years, Genpaku wrote his memoirs, "Rangaku Kotohajime (The Beginning of Dutch Studies)," which was published by Yukichi FUKUZAWA later.
Japanese: 晩年には回想録として『蘭学事始』を執筆し、後に福澤諭吉により公刊される。
English: In 1805, he was granted an audience with Ienari TOKUGAWA, the 11th shogun, to present the shogun with good medicine.
Japanese: 文化2年（1805年）には、11代将軍徳川家斉に拝謁し、良薬を献上している。
English: Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA (February 23, 1646 - February 19, 1709, reigning from 1680 to 1709) was the fifth seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues barbarians") of the Edo Shogunate.
Japanese: 徳川綱吉（とくがわつなよし、正保3年1月8日(旧暦)（1646年2月23日）-宝永6年1月10日(旧暦)（1709年2月19日）、在職延宝8年(1680年)-宝永6年(1709年）は江戸幕府の第5代征夷大将軍である。
English: There are stories that Tsunayoshi had affairs with several women, including Narisada MAKINO's wife, Aguri, and daughter, Yasu.
Japanese: お手つきに牧野成貞の妻の阿久里とその娘の安などがいたという俗説もある。
English: In April 1651, Tsunayoshi and his elder brother, Nagamatsu (Tsunashige TOKUGAWA), were presented with 150,000 koku (a unit of measurement for rice volume, used to asses wealth, 1 koku is 180.39 liter) from the provinces of Omi, Mino, Shinano, Suruga and Kozuke, and were also given some retainers.
Japanese: 慶安4年（1651年）4月、兄の長松（徳川綱重）とともに賄領として近江、美濃、信濃、駿河、上野から15万石を拝領し家臣団を付けられる。
English: In the same month, Shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA died, and in August, Tsunayoshi's older brother, Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, was appointed shogun by the emperor.
Japanese: 同月には将軍徳川家光が死去し、8月に兄の徳川家綱が将軍宣下を受けた。
English: In 1657, after Tsunayoshi's residence in Takebashi was destroyed in the Great Fire of Meireki, he moved to Kanda in September.
Japanese: 明暦3年（1657年）、明暦の大火で竹橋の自邸が焼失したために9月に神田へ移る。
English: In 1670, he promoted Narisada MAKINO to the post of karo (chief retainer) of the Tatebayashi Clan and presented him with 3,000 koku.
Japanese: 寛文10年（1670年）に牧野成貞を館林藩家老3,000石に抜擢する。
English: In May 1680, Tsunayoshi was installed in Ninomaru (the outer citadel) of Edo-jo Castle as Ietsuna's adopted heir, since Ietsuna, the shogun, didn't have an heir.
Japanese: 延宝8年（1680年）5月、将軍家綱に継嗣がなかったことからその養嗣子として江戸城二の丸に迎えられた。
English: Tsunayoshi, hoping to deprive the Sakai family of their social standing and property, obsessively requested an investigation to determine if Tadakiyo had truly died of illness by ordering, for example, the ometsuke (chief inspector) to dig up Tadakiyo's grave.
Japanese: しかし、酒井家を改易にしたい綱吉は大目付に「墓から掘り起こせ」などと命じて病死かどうかを異常なまでに詮議させたという。
English: However, no evidence was found, with the result that only Tadayoshi SAKAI, Tadakiyo's younger brother, lost his rank and property on trumped up charges.
Japanese: しかし証拠は出せず、結局酒井忠清の弟酒井忠能が言いがかりをつけられて改易されるにとどまった。
English: Tsunayoshi, with the considerable assistance of the tairo, Masatoshi HOTTA, actively involved himself in politics, re-ruling on the matter of succession in Takada Domain in Echigo Province (known as the Echigo Quarrel) even though it had already been settled, and inspecting the politics of several domains.
Japanese: 綱吉は大老堀田正俊を片腕に処分が確定していた越後国高田藩の継承問題（越後騒動）を裁定し直したり、諸藩の政治を監査するなどして積極的な政治に乗り出した。
English: Tsunayoshi worked hard to increase the shogun's authority, which had been lost under Ietsuna, who had been known behind his back as "Sir Make it so."
Japanese: 「左様せい様」と陰口された家綱時代に没落した将軍権威の向上に努めた。
English: In addition, Tsunayoshi set up the post of Kanjoginmiyaku to audit the government's accounts, aiming to promote talented low-ranking hatamoto (direct retainers to the shogun).
Japanese: また幕府の会計監査のために勘定吟味役を設置して、有能な小身旗本の登用をねらった。
English: (It is said that this was to get Tsunayoshi to learn his place as a younger brother and not to act disrespectfully to Ietsuna.)
Japanese: （弟としての分をわきまえさせ、家綱に無礼を働かないようにするためだったという）。
English: Tsunayoshi often called Nobuatsu HAYASHI to discuss the Confucian Classics, gave lectures on The Four Books of Confucianism and the "I Ching" (The Book of Changes) to retainers in the government, and built Yushima Daiseido as the center of scholarship.
Japanese: 綱吉は林信篤をしばしば召しては経書の討論を行い、また四書や易経を幕臣に講義したほか、学問の中心地として湯島大聖堂を建立した。
English: Of all the shoguns, Tsunayoshi is also known as the one who, due to the influence of Confucianism, revered the emperor the most.
Japanese: 儒学の影響で歴代将軍の中でももっとも尊皇心が厚かった将軍としても知られる。
English: He also had Imperial mausoleums throughout Yamato and Kawachi Provinces investigated, spending a huge amount of money to restore 66 of them which were in need of repair.
Japanese: また大和国と河内国一帯の御陵を調査のうえに修復が必要なものに巨額な資金をかけて計66陵を修復させた。
English: The main reason for this seems to be that Tsunayoshi was angry at Asano for making a mess of a ceremony with the Imperial Court.
Japanese: それも朝廷との儀式を台無しにされたことへの綱吉の激怒が大きな原因であったようだ。
English: Tsunayoshi's attitude of valuing Confucianism encouraged an increase in scholars such as Hakuseki ARAI, Kyuso MURO, Sorai OGYU, Hoshu AMENOMORI and Soko YAMAGA, with Confucianism reaching the peak of its prosperity at this time.
Japanese: 綱吉のこうした儒学を重んじる姿勢は、新井白石・室鳩巣・荻生徂徠・雨森芳州・山鹿素行らの学者を輩出するきっかけにもなり、この時代、儒学が隆盛を極めた。
English: However, after Masatoshi HOTTA was stabbed to death by Masayasu INABA, a junior councilor, in 1684, Tsunayoshi no longer had a tairo, instead relying on sobayonin (lord chamberlains) such as Narisada MAKINO and Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, and kept his distance from the roju (member of shogun's council of elders).
Japanese: しかしながら、貞享元年（1684年）堀田正俊が若年寄稲葉正休に刺殺されると、綱吉は以後大老を置かず側用人の牧野成貞、柳沢吉保らを重用して老中などを遠ざけるようになった。
English: Tsunayoshi was also influenced by the Confucian notion of filial piety and treated his mother, Keishoin, in a very special way, such as having her awarded the unprecedented high rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank) by the Imperial Court.
Japanese: また綱吉は儒学の孝に影響されて、母桂昌院に従一位という前例のない高官を朝廷より賜るなど特別な処遇をした。
English: It is also said that Tsunayoshi gave special treatment to the Honjo family and the Makino family (the lords of Komoro Domain), who had a close association with Keishoin.
Japanese: 桂昌院とゆかりの深い本庄家・牧野家（小諸藩主）などに特別な計らいがあったともいう。
English: Around this time, Tsunayoshi introduced successive policies which would later be labeled "maladministration," including the famous Shorui Awaremi no Rei (prohibiting the killing of animals).
Japanese: この頃から有名な生類憐れみの令をはじめとする後世に“悪政”といわれる政治を次々とおこなうようになった。
English: (There was an opinion that Shorui Awaremi no Rei was promulgated following the advice of the sojo [a high-ranking Buddhist priest], Ryuko, who was favored by Tsunayoshi's mother.)
Japanese: （生類憐れみの令については、母の寵愛していた隆光僧正の言を採用して発布したものであるとする説があった。)
English: (However, at present the relationship between Ryuko, Keishoin and Shorui Awaremi no Rei is rejected.)
Japanese: (しかし、現在では、隆光や桂昌院と生類憐みの令の関係は否定されている。)
English: (Also, the common belief that it was an 'evil and severe law' is a reflection of the current revision of Edo period history.)
Japanese: (また、一般的に信じられている「過酷な悪法」とする説は、江戸時代史見直しの中で再考されつつある。)
English: Instead it caused chaos in the economy, partly because it was slightly overdue.
Japanese: しかし、本来改鋳すべき時期をやや逸していたこともありかえって経済を混乱させている。
English: It is said that Tsunanori TOKUGAWA, who was married to Tsunayoshi's daughter, Tsuruhime, was nominated as the successor but Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA objected.
Japanese: 娘の鶴姫を嫁がせていた徳川御三家の紀州徳川家の徳川綱教が候補に上がったが徳川光圀が反対したという説もある。
English: In 1704, it was decided that Ienobu (originally Tsunatoyo) TOKUGAWA, who was Tsunayoshi's nephew and from Kofu Domain, Kai Province, would become the sixth shogun.
Japanese: 宝永元年（1704年）、6代将軍は甥で甲斐国甲府藩の徳川家宣（綱豊）に決定する。
English: However falconry, which involved the destruction of life, was not revived until Yoshimune TOKUGAWA became the eighth shogun.
Japanese: しかし殺生である鷹狩りは、徳川吉宗が8代将軍になったのちまで復活することはなかった。
English: Incidentally, it is said that Yoshimune respected Tsunayoshi for his "Tenna Government" and its influences can be seen in the Yoshimune's Kyoho Reforms.
Japanese: ちなみに吉宗は天和の治をおこなった綱吉に対して敬愛の念を抱き、吉宗の享保の改革の中にもその影響がみられるといわれている。
English: Even at that time there was a rumor that the father of Someko's child, Yoshisato YANAGISAWA, was Tsunayoshi.
Japanese: その妻の出産した男子である柳沢吉里は綱吉の実子であるとの噂が当時からあった。
English: It is pointed out that this neatly explains why Tsunayoshi conferred the Matsudaira name on the Yanagisawa family and treated them as siblings.
Japanese: 綱吉は柳沢家に、松平姓を与えて特に連枝の待遇としたが、これがその事情を雄弁に物語っているという指摘もある。
English: May 7, 1680, made successor to the shogun and on the same day, appointed Gon Dainagon (Provisional Chief Councilor of State) with the rank of Junii Gon Dainagon (Junior Second Rank, Provisional Chief Councilor of State).
Japanese: 1680年（延宝8年）　5月7日、将軍後継者となり、同日、従二位権大納言。
English: Although there are some exaggerated reports about Tsunayoshi's behavior in documents with little value, in recent years, Tsunayoshi's politics have undergone a reevaluation.
Japanese: 綱吉の行状については価値の低い資料による報告が誇張されて伝えられている部分もあり、近年では綱吉の政治に対する評価の再検討が行われている。
English: On one hand, there is the negative assessment that Tsunayoshi "ignored the opinions of anyone except his close advisors and favorite retainers and burdened the people with evil laws."
Japanese: 綱吉は「側近の寵臣以外の意見を軽視し、悪法で民衆を苦しめた」という否定的評価がなされる。
English: On the other hand, Engelbert KAEMPFER, a German doctor who had an audience with Tsunayoshi in 1691 and in 1692, rated him highly in his book "The History of Japan," saying, "I had the impression that he was a great monarch."
Japanese: 一方で、元禄4年（1691年）と同5年（1692年）に江戸で綱吉に謁見したドイツ人医師エンゲルベルト・ケンペルの「非常に英邁な君主であるという印象を受けた」といった評価も受けている（ケンペル著『日本誌』）。
English: Kaempfer's view of Tsunayoshi and the interaction between them are described in detail in "Kenperu to Tokugawa Tsunayoshi" (Beatrice M. Bodart-Bailey, 1994, ISBN 4-12-101168-6) published by Chuko Shinsho.
Japanese: ケンペルの綱吉観や両者の交流については中公新書刊行『ケンペルと徳川綱吉』（ベアトリス・M.ボダルト・ベイリー・1994年　ISBN4-12-101168-6）に詳しい。
English: Tsunayoshi's rule covered the Genroku period, which saw the appearance of men of culture such as Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, Saikaku IHARA and Basho MATSUO and a booming economy.
Japanese: 綱吉の治世下は、近松門左衛門、井原西鶴、松尾芭蕉といった文化人を生んだ元禄期であり、好景気の時代だった。
English: The eighth shogun, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, who carried out the Kyoho Reforms, directly adopted Tsunayoshi's version of the Buke Shohatto (Laws for the Military Houses).
Japanese: 享保の改革を行った8代将軍徳川吉宗も綱吉の定めた武家諸法度をそのまま「武家諸法度」として採用した。
English: Several unlucky coincidences are often given as the reason for the low evaluation of Tsunayoshi's rule.
Japanese: 綱吉の治世の評価が低いことについては、不幸な偶然もいくつかあると指摘されている。
English: In particular, there was the Great Chokugaku Fire of 1698, which started outside the Sukiyabashi-mon Gate, and continued through Ueno to Senju, burning down about three square kilometers and causing more than 3,000 deaths and, in addition, in 1710 there was the Hoei Eruption of Mt. Fuji.
Japanese: 具体的には、元禄11年（1698年）の勅額大火（数寄屋橋門外より出火し上野を経て千住まで300町余を焼失、死者3,000人以上）や宝永4年（1707年）の宝永大噴火などである。
English: In this modern age it is hard to believe that these events influenced the evaluation of his reign, but at the time, people naturally presumed he was being punished by Heaven.
Japanese: それらは、現代では治世の評価を左右するものとは考えにくいが、当時は「天罰」と受け止められてもいたしかたないものであった。
English: This is because the dramas in which Tsunayoshi appears are mostly related to either "Chushingura" or "Mito Komon."
Japanese: というのも徳川綱吉がドラマに登場するのは基本的に忠臣蔵関連か水戸黄門関連のドラマのどちらかであることが多いためである。
English: Most versions of Chushingura (The treasury of Loyal Retainers, also known as Genroku Ako Incident) depict Kira Kozuke no Suke, the master of ceremonies, bullying Asano Takumi no Kami.
Japanese: 忠臣蔵（元禄赤穂事件）では大抵の場合高家吉良上野介が浅野内匠頭をいじめる姿が描かれる。
English: As a result, Tsunayoshi, who sentenced only Asano to death by seppuku without accusing Kira, is often associated with the negative image of him supporting a 'bully.'
Japanese: その結果、浅野にのみ切腹を命じて吉良の罪をとわなかった将軍徳川綱吉には「いじめっ子」に加担したかのような否定的イメージが付きまとってしまう。
English: There are records, including an anecdote about Mitsukuni sending dogs' fur to Tsunayoshi to protest against the Shorui Awaremi no Rei, showing that Mitsukuni spoke frankly to Tsunayoshi.
Japanese: 光圀は生類憐みの令に抗議して犬の毛皮を送ったという逸話を中心に綱吉に直言したという記録がいくつかある。
English: Consequently, Tsunayoshi plays an evil role in "Mito Komon," the story about Mitsukuni.
Japanese: そのため、光圀の物語水戸黄門の中では悪役を割り当てられてしまっている。
English: Additionally, they had similar tastes, for example Mitsukuni compiled "Dainihonshi" (Great History of Japan) and Tsunayoshi gave lectures on the "I Ching."
Japanese: また、光圀が大日本史を編纂し、綱吉が自ら易経を講じるなど、類似した方向性を持っていた。
English: Therefore, some fans of Mito Komon have a tendency to unnecessarily disparage Tsunayoshi in order to flatter Komon.
Japanese: そのため、水戸黄門ファンの中には、黄門を持ち上げるためにことさらに綱吉をけなすという風潮もある。
English: "Tokugawa Tsunayoshi" (Manabu TSUKAMOTO, 1998, published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan) and "Komon-sama to Inu-Kubo" (Kyoko YAMAMURO, 1998, published by Bunshun Shinsho, ISBN 4-16-660010-9) are easy to obtain examples of works on Tsunayoshi's re-evaluation.
Japanese: 綱吉再評価に関する文献として、代表的で入手が容易なものとして、吉川弘文館『徳川綱吉』（塚本学・1998年）、文春新書『黄門さまと犬公方』（山室恭子・1998年ISBN4-16-660010-9）が挙げられる。
English: Also, a TV drama aired on the Fuji TV network on December 28, 2004, 'Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA - a man called dog' is in line with this movement of the re-evaluation of Tsunayoshi.
Japanese: また、2004年12月28日にフジテレビ系列で放送されたドラマ「徳川綱吉イヌと呼ばれた男」も、この再評価に連なる系列のものである。
English: From Ieyasu onwards, the shoguns appreciated Noh, especially Tsunayoshi, who had such a deep attachment to it that he was called 'Noh crazy.'
Japanese: 家康以来、代々の将軍は能を愛好してきたが、綱吉はその中でも「能狂」と言われるほどの執着を示した。
English: A fondness for rare and unusual plays and even reviving many abandoned plays.
Japanese: 稀曲・珍曲を見ることを好んで、廃曲となっていたものをも多く復活させたこと。
English: Regarding the first point, this was a tendency that can be seen early on in his reign, for example, in March 1681, not long after his inauguration as shogun, Tsunayoshi performed 'Funabenkei' and 'Shojo' in the Noh held for Keishoin.
Japanese: まず1については、将軍就任後間もない延宝9年2月、桂昌院のために催した能で、自ら「船弁慶」、「猩々(能)」を舞うなど、早い時期から見られる傾向である。
English: It became more frequent year by year and Tsunayoshi always performed Noh plays following his lectures on Confucianism not only in Edo-jo Castle, but also when he visited his favorite retainers' residences, temples and shrines.
Japanese: これは年を追うごとに頻度を増し、江戸城内のみならず、寵臣邸や寺社へ赴く際には、儒学の講義に続いて綱吉が能を舞うことが常であった。
English: One good example of this is a Noh performance held by members of Gosanke (the three branches of the Tokugawa Clan) and the Maeda Clan such as Tsunanori TOKUGAWA, Tsunanori MAEDA, Mitsutomo TOKUGAWA, Tsunatoyo TOKUGAWA, Mitsusada TOKUGAWA, Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, Tsunanari TOKUGAWA, and Tsunaeda TOKUGAWA in May 1686.
Japanese: 貞享3年4月、徳川綱教・前田綱紀・徳川光友・徳川綱豊・徳川光貞・徳川光圀・徳川綱誠・徳川綱条といった御三家・前田氏による能が催されているのがその好例である。
English: In this case, as with the others, they had to rush through practice following Tsunayoshi's last minute order.
Japanese: この場合も彼らは直前になって綱吉の命を受け、慌てて稽古をせねばならなかった。
English: Tsunayoshi preferred the Hosho school, and consequently daimyo also favored this school, which is one of the reasons why the Hosho school has thrived up to the present day in the Kaga region and elsewhere.
Japanese: 綱吉が宝生流を好んだため、諸大名も宝生流を取り立てたことが、現在まで加賀などで宝生流が盛んな一因となった。
English: Exemplifying the third point, Tsunayoshi ordered Shinkuro KANZE, who was the head of the family in charge of the small hand drum of the Kanze school, to play the drum in 'Dojo-ji Temple,' performed by the leading actors of the Hosho school, but Shinkuro refused because he belonged to a different school.
Japanese: 3の例となるのは、宝生大夫による「道成寺」の小鼓を打つことを命じられた観世流小鼓方当主・観世新九郎が、流派が違うことを理由にこれを拒否した。
English: Consequently, in February 1683, Tsunayoshi banished Shinkuro and his son and, the following March, forced them to transfer to Hosho-za company and even to change their family name to Hosho before summoning them back.
Japanese: これに対し、天和3年2月に新九郎父子を追放、翌3月、宝生座に移籍させ姓まで宝生に返させて呼び戻した一件がある。
English: Additionally, Tsunayoshi promoted performers from his Kofu days and, in 1686, he caused a big incident by banishing Shichidayu KITA III of the Kita school and dissolving the Kita-za company, an act which 'shook the Noh world' (he was pardoned the following year).
Japanese: 他にも甲府時代のお抱え役者の登用、さらに貞享3年には喜多流三世喜多七太夫を追放し、喜多座を解体するという「能界を震撼させる大事件」を起こしている（翌年赦免）。
English: Performers promoted to samurai were, especially in and after the Jokyo era, conferred the newly-created post of rokaban (a kind of officer in Edo-jo Castle) and officially retired from the stage but were made to perform Noh plays privately held by Tsunayoshi in the castle.
Japanese: 士分に取り立てられた役者は、特に貞享以後はこのために新設された廊下番のポストにつけられて表向き能役者を廃業し、綱吉が城中で私的に催す能に出演させられた。
English: At the beginning, the performers promoted were those who didn't belong to the main Noh schools, but gradually leading actors and the heads of each company were targeted.
Japanese: 当初は能流派以外の役者を士分としていたが、次第に諸座の大夫・家元クラスがその対象となっていった。
English: Of course, turning down the offer resulted in punishment and several families who lost their head or successor were hugely disrupted.
Japanese: これを断ればやはり追放が待っており、当主・後継者を奪われた各家は大きく混乱した。
English: Especially in the Kita-za company, where two leading actors were promoted, one of its branch families, the Gonzaemon family, was forced to disband.
Japanese: 特に大夫を2度に渡って取り立てられた喜多座では、分家の権左衛門家が断絶を余儀なくされている。
English: Some of the promoted performers, such as Naokage NAKAJO whose stage name was Shichidayu Muneyoshi KITA III, received 900 koku.
Japanese: 登用された役者たちは、三世喜多七太夫宗能改め中条直景のように九百石取りにまで出世するものもいた。
English: However, many of them suffered a harsher fate, such as Shichidayu Kono KITA IV, who refused to play a homosexual partner for Tsunayoshi and was forced to commit suicide by disembowelment.
Japanese: しかし、五世喜多七太夫恒能のように綱吉の男色の相手を断り切腹させられるなど、多くは過酷な運命をたどることとなった。
English: Regarding the fifth point, Tsunayoshi liked to see rare pieces which were not usually performed, and willingly revived and performed old plays which had been abandoned.
Japanese: 5であるが、綱吉は日頃演じられない珍しい曲を観ることを好み、廃絶されていた古曲を積極的に復曲させて上演させた。
English: As many as 41 plays that hadn't been performed for a long time were revived during Tsunayoshi's time.
Japanese: それまで長く演じられなかったにもかかわらず、綱吉の時代に復活した曲は実に41番にも及ぶ。
English: However, since the performers received sudden orders about six days before the performance, most of the plays were revived in a hurry.
Japanese: もっともこれも、6日ほど前に急に命じられ、慌てて間に合わせたものがほとんどであった。
English: 20 of these revived plays have been performed by each school until the present day, including 'Ugetsu' (Rain and the Moon), 'Ohara Goko' (Visiting Ohara) and 'Semimaru' (Prince Semimaru), which are highly regarded even to this day.
Japanese: そのうち20番は現在まで各流派で演じられており、中には「雨月」・「大原御幸」・「蝉丸(能)」など現在でも高く評価されている曲が含まれている。
English: Together with the pieces revived by Ienobu, who was similarly inclined, these Noh plays are considered to be great lasting achievements, notwithstanding the fact they were "something good coming from something bad."
Japanese: 同様の傾向のあった家宣による復曲と合わせ、「怪我の功名」ながら、これは後世に残る業績となっている。
English: However, it is said that Tsunayoshi was already warning local governors in shogunal fiefs even before being proclaimed shogun by the Emperor.
Japanese: しかし、まだ将軍宣下を受ける前から天領の代官たちに対し諭したとされる。
English: Try and communicate well with your people to avoid a situation where the public don't trust statesmen and statesmen are doubtful about the public.'
Japanese: 「民は為政者を信用していない為政者もまた民を疑っているこのようなことが起こらないように意思の疎通に心がけよ。」
English: It is important for local governors to be the first to abstain from extravagance, to clearly understand their own duty, to make an effort to collect and pay land tax, not to leave their duties completely to subordinates, and to take the lead in working hard on their duties.'
Japanese: 「代官等は率先して身を慎み、職務をよく理解し、年貢の収納に努め、下役に任せ切りにせず、自らが先に立って職務に精励することが肝要である。」
English: There is a belief that the height of the shoguns' mortuary tablets, which are kept in Daiju-ji Temple, is based on how tall they were.
Japanese: 「大樹寺に収められている歴代将軍の位牌は、将軍の身長にあわせて作られている」という説がある。
English: Based on this opinion, there is a theory that Tsunayoshi was only a little more than 130 centimeters tall because of a hormone disorder.
Japanese: そこから「身長が130センチ強しかなかった」という『内分泌学説』が出てきている。
English: The differences in the length between their remains and the mortuary tables were all within five centimeters.
Japanese: 5人の将軍については遺骨と位牌のサイズの差は5センチ以内に収まっている。
English: This fact has led to the opinion that Tsunayoshi was of short stature (achondrogenesis).
Japanese: 綱吉は低身長症（軟骨無形成症）であったことが考えられる、という説である。
English: For example, Tsunayoshi himself performed five sarugaku plays when he first visited Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA's residence at the Kandabashi-mon Gate on April 20, 1691.
Japanese: 例えば元禄4年3月22日（1691年）に初めて神田橋門の柳沢吉保邸に行った際自ら五番舞った。
English: After that, Tsunayoshi enjoyed Noh performances in Yanagisawa's residence a total of 58 times until November 16, 1708.
Japanese: 以降、宝永5年10月5日（1708年）まで（計58回）柳沢邸で能曲を楽しんだ。
English: In "Sanno Gaiki" (The Secret History of the Three Rulers) it is written that Narisada MAKINO, whose daughter Yasu was raped by Tsunayoshi, said he would wipe out the Makino family in his lifetime.
Japanese: 『三王外記』には、娘・安を犯された牧野成貞は、自身の代で牧野家を断絶させると言ったと書かれている。
English: Furthermore, Engyo MITAMURA elaborated on this to say even Narisada MAKINO's wife, Aguri, was given to Tsunayoshi and vilified him for this.
Japanese: 更にこれを敷衍した三田村鳶魚は、牧野成貞の妻・阿久里までも綱吉に献上されたとさえ言い、綱吉を罵った。
English: This became widely known due to Shotaro IKENAMI's novel based on the story, but currently the value of "Sanno Gaiki" itself as a historical material is questionable.
Japanese: 池波正太郎がこれを小説化したため人口に膾炙している説であるが、『三王外記』そのものの史料価値が現在では疑われている。
English: It is popularly believed that Tsunayoshi, while having intercourse with a woman sent by Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, promised to give Yoshiyasu the whole province of Kai (although this was voided by Tsunayoshi's death).
Japanese: 俗説ではあるが、柳沢吉保が送り込んだ女と綱吉が交合中に「吉保に甲斐一国を与える」と確約した（綱吉の死によって反故になる）。
English: It is believed that because of this incident, two people were stationed behind a screen to listen carefully when the shogun was having intercourse with a woman and thorough discussions held until the Otoshiyori (the most powerful person in the shogun's harem) acknowledged that their testimonies agreed.
Japanese: このことから、以後将軍が女人と交合する時には、屏風の後ろに監“聴”役二人を置き、二人の証言が一致し御年寄（大奥の最高権力者）が承認するまで徹底的に話し合ったという。
English: There is also an opinion that Tsunayoshi, like many men of his time, practiced pederasty and ordered Yoshiyasu to bring young boys to him for his pleasure.
Japanese: 更に異説として、綱吉は当時の男性の多くと同様に少年愛日本をたしなみ、吉保に命じて少年を送り込ませ男色を楽しんだという。
English: (In the historical drama 'The Eighth Shogun, Yoshimune,' there were many scenes suggesting Tsunayoshi's homosexuality.)
Japanese: （大河ドラマ「八代将軍吉宗」では綱吉の男色好みを彷彿とさせるシーンが随所に登場した）。
English: Soon after Tsunayoshi was inaugurated as shogun, he summoned the parties involved in the Echizen Matsudaira family feud, Mimasaka OGURI and Okura NAGAMI, and although the dispute had already been settled during the rule of the fourth shogun, Ietsuna, and Tsunayoshi reversed Ietsuna's verdict.
Japanese: 将軍職に就いて、まだ日も浅い頃、4代将軍家綱の治世に決着がついていた越前松平家のお家騒動について、当事者の小栗美作と永見大蔵を呼び寄せた上で綱吉自身が家綱の決定を覆す採決をした。
English: That is, he decided to confiscate Mitsunaga MATSUDAIRA's land, ordered Mimasaka OGURI and his son to commit seppuku, and banished Okura NAGAMI to an island.
Japanese: すなわち、松平光長は領地没収、小栗美作父子に切腹を命じ、永見大蔵に島流しと決定したのである。
English: After the roju Masatoshi HOTTA had announced the sentences, Tsunayoshi said in a thunderous voice, "Now the case is closed. Get out right now."
Japanese: このとき、老中の堀田正俊が決定を言い渡した後、綱吉は「これにて決裁す、はやまかり立て」と大音声で言ったという。
English: Nohime (1535 - August 5, 1612), was the daughter of Dosan SAITO and lawful wife of Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 濃姫（のうひめ、天文(元号)4年（1535年）？-慶長17年7月9日(旧暦)（1612年8月5日）？）は、斎藤道三の娘で、織田信長の正室。