nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When the Minister of the Navy, Gonbei Yamamoto, consulted Tsugumichi SAIGO, he replied, "You have no choice but to divert money from other parts of the budget.
Japanese: 山本権兵衛海相から相談をうけた西郷従道は「それは予算を流用するしかない。
English: Of course, it is a serious matter and in case that it become a trouble, I will share the blame with you and cut up the abdomen together in front of Niju-bashi Bridge," and the Navy purchased the capital ship.
Japanese: もちろん大変なことだから万一の時は二人で二重橋の前で腹を切ろう」と答え、主力艦を購入した。
English: The navy ship purchased at that time was Mikasa (battle ship) which achieved outstanding performance in the Japanese-Russo War later.
Japanese: その時に購入した軍艦は、後に日露戦争で大活躍した三笠(戦艦)である。
English: Although he was nominated as a candidate for the Prime Minister more than once, he refused to run for it because his brother, Takamori, suffered the disgrace of rebel (Iwao OYAMA did the same).
Japanese: 首相候補に再三推されたが、兄隆盛が逆賊の汚名を受けたことを理由に断り続けた（大山巌も同様）。
English: In a conference, one of the Cabinet members kept stating the obvious and the discussion reached a dead end.
Japanese: ある会議で某閣僚がわかりきったことを延々と述べて議論が行き詰まった際のこと。
English: When the Cabinet member tried to sit on a chair, Tsugumichi SAIGO, who sat on the adjacent seat, pulled the chair and made him fall on his buttocks.
Japanese: その閣僚が座ろうとした時に隣席の西郷従道が椅子を引いたために尻餅をついた。
English: Since everybody had a big laugh and none of them felt like continuing the discussion, they have reached an agreement in the conference while the Cabinet member was smiling wryly.
Japanese: 皆が大笑いしてしまい、これ以上議論をする空気でなくなってしまい、椅子を引かれた当人も苦笑いの内に会議は無事まとまったという。
English: He was nicknamed "the Minister of Naruhodo (I see)" because he was often murmuring Naruhodo when listening to others.
Japanese: 相手の話をよく聞いて成程、成程と相槌を打ったことから「成程大臣」と渾名された。
English: He bore some resemblance to his brother, Takamori, and his pictures were used as reference materials when Edoardo CHIOSSONE created Takamori's portrait.
Japanese: 面影が兄隆盛に似ているとされ、エドアルド・キヨッソーネが隆盛の肖像画を作成する際、彼の顔写真が参考にされた。
English: He owned a vacation house in Yanagihara Village, Sunto County, Shizuoka Prefecture (now Numazu City) and an island located off the coast where the house was built is commonly called SAIGO island.
Japanese: 静岡県駿東郡楊原村（現沼津市）に別荘を所有していた（因みに、別荘の沖合に存する島を通称西郷島という）。
English: He was the first Japanese horse owner permitted to join Japan race club founded in Yokohama and rode his horse, Mikan, to become the first Japanese horse owner winning the race in 1875.
Japanese: 横浜に設けられた日本レース・倶楽部で日本人としてはじめて参加が認められた日本人最初の馬主で、1875年には愛馬ミカンに騎乗して日本人馬主による初勝利をあげた。
English: When his son, Jutoku, uttered Chankoro, a disparaging term for people of Chinese origin, in front of Tsugumichi after the Japanese-Sino War, he got furious and scolded him saying, "do not insult foreigners".
Japanese: 日清戦争後、息子の従徳が従道の前でチャンコロと発言したところ、外国人を侮辱するなと大激怒したという。
English: His father is Kichibei SAIGO, his mother is Masako, one of his siblings is Takamori SAIGO (real name: Takanaga), and one of his cousins is Iwao OYAMA.
Japanese: 父は西郷吉兵衛、母は政子、兄は西郷隆盛（本名隆永）従兄弟は大山巌等。
English: His first son, Juri (born on October 9, 1874), went to Russia at the age of 7, attending the then Russia Minister to Japan, Karl de STRUVE.
Japanese: 長男・従理（明治7年10月9日生）は、駐日ロシア公使シャール・ド・スツルヴェに従って7歳で渡露した。
English: Empress Maria FYODOROVNA (wife of Alexander III) and Alexei ALEXANDROVICH (younger brother of Alexander III) treated him kindly, and Juri got baptized in the Greek Orthodox Church with the emperor and the empress serving as godparents (Christian name: Alexei).
Japanese: 皇后マリア・フョードロヴナ(アレクサンドル3世皇后)や、アレクセイ・アレクサンドロヴィチ（皇帝アレクサンドル3世の弟）に可愛がられ、皇帝と皇后を代父母としてギリシャ正教の洗礼まで受けた（洗礼名：アレキセイ）。
English: Then, STRUVE was transferred as a Minister to the United States and Juri moved to Washington where he became infected with typhoid and died on December 10, 1884 (10 years and 2 months old).
Japanese: その後、スツルヴェが駐米公使に転任したのに伴い、ワシントンに移ったが、腸チフスに感染し、明治17年12月10日、ワシントンで死去した（10歳2ヶ月）。
English: On the day before Juri died, his father's cousin, Iwao OYAMA, visited him in the middle of an inspection tour of Europe and the United States and OYAMA immediately revisited him on receiving an urgent message that informed him of Juri's death to cry bitterly at Juri's bedside.
Japanese: 死去の前日、従叔父の大山巌が欧米視察の途中に見舞いに来ており、従理死去の急報を受けて再度駆けつけた大山は枕頭で号泣したとされる。
English: When OYAMA finished the inspection tour and came back to Japan, he visited the SAIGO family right away to express his condolences and tell Juri's last moment to Judo and Kiyoko.
Japanese: 視察を終えて帰国した大山は真っ先に西郷家へ駆けつけ、弔辞を述べるとともに、従理の最期の模様を従道と清子へ語った。
English: At that time, Judo and Kiyoko kept crying while repeatedly saying "Arigato (Thanks)" for OYAMA's thoughtful consideration.
Japanese: その際、従道と清子は「あいがと、あいがと」と大山の配慮に感謝しながら泣き続けたという。
English: In 1555, he was born in Kyoto as the second son of Ryusa KONISHI who was a merchant dealing mainly with medicines in Sakai City.
Japanese: 弘治元年（1555年）、堺市の薬を主に扱う商人である小西隆佐の次男として京都で生まれた。
English: It is said that he was a vassal of Naoie UKITA at first and served mainly as an envoy in charge of diplomacy.
Japanese: はじめ宇喜多直家の家臣として仕え、主に外交担当の使者を務めていたと言われている。
English: It is said that Yukinaga's negotiation with Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) allowed Naoie to surrender to Nobunaga ODA through Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 直家が羽柴秀吉（豊臣秀吉）を通じて織田信長に降伏できたのも、行長が秀吉と交渉したからであるとも言われている。
English: The site known as his birthplace is located in Oshoji-dori Street which was the main road in the era when Sakai City prospered, and only the stone monument remains now.
Japanese: 生家跡と伝えられる場所は堺市が繁栄していた時代の主要道路大小路通りにあり、現在は石碑を残すのみとなっている。
English: One theory has it that he was born in 1559 and therefore, there is a doubt about his birth year.
Japanese: また、生年に関しても永禄2年（1559年）説もあり、疑問が残るところもある。
English: When Naoie died in 1581, he served as a vassal of Hideyoshi HASHIBA.
Japanese: 天正9年（1581年）に直家が死去すると、羽柴秀吉の家臣として仕えた。
English: He led the naval forces that were defeated by resistance from Saiga-shu (gun troop in Saiga) in the attack on Saika in Kii Province in 1585.
Japanese: しかし水軍を率いて参戦した天正13年（1585年）の紀伊雑賀攻めでは、雑賀衆の抵抗を受けて敗退したと言われている。
English: Although the attack did not lead to the capitulation immediately, it caused the enemy in the castle to eventually give up the resistance and surrender the castle.
Japanese: 攻略には至らなかったがこの攻撃により籠城側に抗戦を断念させ、開城のきっかけを作った。
English: Since he had distinguished service in the Kyusyu Conquest in 1587 and the subjugation of revolt by inhabitant of Higo Province of the following year, he was given the fief of the southern half of Higo Province comprising Uto District, Mashiki District and Yatsushiro yielding about 200,000-koku.
Japanese: 天正15年（1587年）の九州征伐、翌年の肥後国人一揆の討伐に功をあげ、肥後の南半国宇土郡、益城郡、八代の20万石あまりを与えられた。
English: He had a conflict with Amakusa gonin shu (five local samurai in Amakusa) over the construction of the Uto-jo Castle, but conquered them with the cooperation of Kiyomasa KATO and owned the fief of Amakusa yielding about 40,000-koku as well.
Japanese: その宇土城普請のことで天草五人衆と揉め事となった（天正天草合戦）が加藤清正らの協力で平定、天草4万石あまりも所領とする。
English: In addition, at the request of Hideyoshi, he built the Mugishima-jo Castle in Yatsushiro which was suitable to command of the navy and overseas trading (and praised by Luis FROIS in "Frois's History of Japan"), and his senior vassal Yukishige KONISHI was appointed to the castle keeper.
Japanese: このほか秀吉の意を受け、水軍指揮と海外貿易の適地であった八代に麦島城を築城し（八代はルイス・フロイスが『フロイス日本史』で絶賛した土地であった）、重臣の小西行重を城代として配置した。
English: Moreover, he used the Kumanosho-jo Castle, the Kiyama-jo Castle and the Aitoji-jo Castle as branch castles and appointed his family vassal such as his brother Tonomonosuke KONISHI and Yaheiji YUKI to a keeper of the Kumanosho-jo Castle and the Aitoji-jo Castle, respectively.
Japanese: このほか隈庄城、木山城、愛藤寺城を支城とし、隈庄城に弟の小西主殿介、愛籐寺城に結城弥平次ら一族重臣を城代に任じている。
English: However, he gradually intensified a feud with Kiyomasa KATO who owned the northern half of Higo Province (Confrontation with Kiyomasa KATO).
Japanese: しかし、残りの肥後北半国を領した加藤清正と次第に確執を深めることになる（加藤清正との対立）。
English: In the Bunroku-Keicho Campaign started in 1592, he invaded Korea as a spearhead.
Japanese: 文禄元年（1592年）からの文禄・慶長の役では先鋒部隊として朝鮮へ進攻する。
English: Then, he engaged in negotiation with the Ming dynasty over reconciliation along with Mitsunari ISHIDA when the war situation in Korea went against him.
Japanese: その後、朝鮮での戦況が不利になると、石田三成と共に明との講和交渉に携わる。
English: Conspiring with negotiators on the Ming side including Wei Jin SHEN, he tried to conclude peace with the Ming dynasty by conveying false information that Hideyoshi would surrender to Ming and the opposite information to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 明側の講和担当者・沈惟敬らと共謀し、秀吉には明が降伏すると偽り、明には秀吉が降伏すると偽って講和を結ぼうとする。
English: It was Joan NAITO (Hida KONISHI in Ming's historical materials) who went to Beijing, the capital of Ming as a Japanese envoy at this time.
Japanese: なお、この時日本側の使者として明の都・北京市に向かったのが、行長家臣の内藤如安（明側の史料では小西飛騨）である。
English: As a result, it was determined that Ming envoys would visit to Japan with a document stating that Hideyoshi would be appointed to the Japanese king and a golden seal.
Japanese: この結果、明の使者が秀吉を日本国王に封じる旨を記した書と金印を携えて来日する事になった。
English: Japan's tributary status, which followed the case of Altan KHAN, was high (for example, generals from the peace-seeking group including Yukinaga and Yoshitsugu OTANI were appointed to governor-generals and Yukinaga's vassals to commanders of governor-general in addition to Hideyoshi).
Japanese: 冊封の内容はアルタン・ハンの冊封を先例としたもので、かなりの高格での冊封（秀吉の王冊封以外にも行長、大谷吉継ら和平派諸将が大都督、行長家臣が都督指揮に任じられるなど、大盤振る舞いの内容であった）であった。
English: However, there is no doubt that Hideyoshi would become a vassal of the Ming Emperor and therefore, Yukinaga asked Jotai SAISHO, who read out the document, to make up fake descriptions when he reported the document to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: しかし明の臣下になることには違いがないため、この書を秀吉に報告する段階で行長は適当に書の内容をごまかすよう、書を読み上げる西笑承兌に依頼。
English: Yukinaga who led this peace negotiation provoked the outrage of Hideyoshi and was ordered to die, but escaped death through the mediation of Jotai, Toshiie MAEDA and Yodo-dono.
Japanese: この講和交渉の主導者だった行長は秀吉の強い怒りを買い死を命じられるが、承兌や前田利家、淀殿らのとりなしにより一命を救われる。
English: To make up for unfaithfulness in the peace negotiation, he was ordered to invade Korea again along with Kiyomasa KATO as a spearhead for the Keicho Campaign started in 1597.
Japanese: 講和交渉における不忠義の埋め合わせとして、慶長2年（1597年）からの慶長の役では加藤清正と共に先鋒を命じられ、再び朝鮮へ進攻することになる。
English: In the Battle of the Suncheon Waeseong Castle from the late September to the early October in 1598, he repelled the Ming and Korean army which attacked from land and sea.
Japanese: 翌慶長3年（1598年）9月末から10月初めにかけて行われた順天倭城の戦いでは明・朝鮮軍による水陸からの攻撃を撃退した。
English: However, he had been on bad terms with Kiyomasa and confronted with him over operations, which caused him to confront with a military government group.
Japanese: しかし清正とは以前より不仲であり、作戦をめぐって対立するなど、後に武断派と対立する一因を成した。
English: When Hideyoshi died in August in 1598, Yukinaga returned to Japan in December.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）8月に秀吉が死去すると、行長は12月に帰国する。
English: After that, due to confrontation with Kiyomasa KATO over policies, he sided with a civilian government group including Mitsunari ISHIDA and joined the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 as a general of the western army in concert with Mitsunari ISHIDA.
Japanese: その後は加藤清正らとの路線対立から石田三成ら文治派に与し、慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いでは、石田三成に呼応し西軍の将として参戦する。
English: In the main battle in Sekigahara on October 11, he fought bravely against the troops of Yoshimasa TANAKA and Sadatsugu TSUTSUI on the eastern army.
Japanese: 9月15日の関ヶ原本戦では、東軍の田中吉政、筒井定次らの部隊と交戦して奮戦する。
English: Destruction of Yoshitsugu OTANI troops caused by the betrayal of Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA was, however, followed by the destruction of the Konishi army due to the attack from the Kobayakawa troops, and then Yukinaga escaped into Mt. Ibuki.
Japanese: しかし小早川秀秋らの裏切りで大谷吉継隊が壊滅すると、続いて小早川隊に襲われて小西軍は壊滅し、行長は伊吹山中に逃れた。
English: It is said that Yukinaga did not kill himself because of his belief in Christianity which prohibited suicide.
Japanese: 行長が自害しなかったのは、自害を禁じるキリシタン信仰の故と言われている。
English: On October 15, he was captured by soldiers of Shigekado TAKENAKA and decapitated in the Rokujo-gawara riverbed on October 27, following Mitsunari.
Japanese: 9月19日、竹中重門の手勢に捕らわれ、10月1日に六条河原において三成に続いて斬首された。
English: It is said that he refused sutras to be chanted by a monk just before his head was cut off because of his faith in Christianity.
Japanese: 斬首される直前、行長はキリシタン信仰を理由とし、僧の経文を拒否したと言われている。
English: Before the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA proposed marriage between Yukinaga's legitimate son and a grand daughter of Ieyasu's legitimate son Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA and it implies that Ieyasu wanted the strong navy and war potential owned by Yukinaga.
Japanese: 徳川家康は、関ヶ原の戦い前に行長の嫡男と家康の嫡男・松平信康の孫娘との結婚を持ちかけており、行長の有する強大な水軍、戦力を手に入れておきたかったことが窺える。
English: Since Yukinaga was a son of a merchant, he gives the impression of a civilian government group, but it should be kept in mind that merchants of the time held military power.
Japanese: 行長は商人の子であることなどから文治派というイメージがあるが、当時の商人は少なからず武力を抱えていたことを忘れてはならない。
English: His name was known in Europe by a missionary and there is an anecdote that Pope felt sorry for his death (whether it is true or not is unknown).
Japanese: その名は宣教師の手によってヨーロッパにも知られており、ローマ教皇もその死を惜しんだという逸話がある（真偽は不明）。
English: Since their territories were next to each other, it is said that they always fought over the boarder.
Japanese: 領地が互いに隣接していたため、常に境界線をめぐって争ったといわれている。
English: Whereas Kiyomasa was a devout believer of Nichiren sect of Buddhism, Yukinaga was a devout Christian, which might be one of the cause of the confrontation.
Japanese: 清正が熱心な日蓮宗信者であったのに対し、行長が熱心なキリシタンであったことも対立の一因を成したという。
English: For example, Yukinaga hardly punished the Amakusa-shu (samurai group in Amakusa) having many Christians when the Amakusa gonin-shu (five samurai in Asakusa) rose in revolt in 1589.
Japanese: 例えば天正17年（1589年）の天草五人衆の反乱の際、キリシタンの多い天草衆に対して行長はほとんど処分をしなかった。
English: The Amakusa gonin-shu who saw it, however, were more aggressive and therefore Yukinaga was driven into the situation where he had to ask Kiyomasa in the neighboring territory for help.
Japanese: ところが、それを見た天草五人衆は逆に一揆の攻勢を強くしたため、遂に隣国の清正に加勢を要請せざるを得ない事態に追い込まれた一件がある。
English: Kiyomasa saw him as a member of the civilian party and despised him as "a son of a medicine warehouse merchant".
Japanese: 清正からは吏僚派のひとりと見なされて、「薬問屋の小倅」と侮られたという。
English: It is said that Yukinaga used a paper bag with a red circle as a battle flag to react to Kiyomasa's despite when he invaded Korea.
Japanese: その反発として行長は、朝鮮出兵のとき、軍旗として紙の袋に朱の丸をつけたものを使用したという。
English: Competing with Kiyomasa KATO to see which one could go on shore first when troops were dispatched to Korea, Yukinaga landed the coast in Busan Metropolitan City and achieved a great exploit in landing first.
Japanese: 朝鮮出兵のとき、行長は清正と先陣を争い釜山広域市浦上陸を果たし、一番乗りの功名を得た。
English: He also competed with Kiyomasa to see which one could get to Keijo Prefecture first for attack and outwitted him to get there one day earlier.
Japanese: さらに京城府攻めに関しても、どちらが先に一番乗りするかを争い、一日の差で清正を出し抜いたという。
English: He sent a vassal, Shi-la YONG to the Yi Dynasty Korea to tip Korea off about landing time of the Kiyomasa army and encouraged it to kill Kiyomasa.
Japanese: 李氏朝鮮に配下の要時羅を派遣して清正軍の上陸時期を密告し、清正を討ち取るよう働きかけた。
English: The Yi Dynasty ordered Sun-sin YI to attack Kiyomasa, but the conspiracy failed because he thought it was a trap and hesitated to attack ("Jingborok [The book of Correction]" by Seong-ryong YU).
Japanese: 李氏朝鮮は李舜臣に攻撃を命じたが、李は罠だと思い攻撃を躊躇ったために陰謀は失敗した（柳成龍『懲毖録』）。
English: Although he was originally a keeper of the Furumoto-jo Castle, he was later ordered by Yukinaga to build the Mugishima-jo Castle at the request of Hideyoshi and then became the castle keeper.
Japanese: 当初古麓城代だったが、のち秀吉の意を受けた行長の命令により麦島城を築き城代となる。
English: Ietsugu TOKUGAWA was the seventh seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (he was in office from 1713 to 1716).
Japanese: 徳川家継（とくがわいえつぐ）は、江戸幕府の第7代征夷大将軍（在任：正徳3年（1713年）－正徳6年（1716年）。
English: On July 3, 1709 (the old calendar), he was born as the fourth son of the sixth shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 宝永6年（1709年）7月3日(旧暦)、第6代将軍・徳川家宣の四男として生まれる。
English: Toyohime, the daughter with his lawful wife Hiroko KONOE, died young in 1681; Iechiyo, the son with his concubine Hoshinin, died only 2 month after his birth in 1707; Daigoro, who was born in 1708, died in August 1710.
Japanese: 正室・近衛熙子との間に生まれた豊姫は天和(日本)元年（1681年）に早世し、宝永4年（1707年）に側室・法心院との間に生まれた家千代も2ヶ月で早世し、宝永5年（1708年）に生まれた大五郎も宝永7年（1710年）8月に早世した。
English: Torakichi, the son with Osumenokata, who was born in 1711, also died young and only Ietsugu survived.
Japanese: 正徳元年（1711年）にお須免の方との間に生まれた虎吉も早世し、家継だけが生き残った。
English: When Ienobu fell sick in 1712, Ienobu called over Hakuseki ARAI and Akifusa MANABE on September 23.
Japanese: 正徳2年（1712年）、父・家宣が病に倒れたが、このときの9月23日に家宣は新井白石と間部詮房を呼び寄せた。
English: According to "Oritakushibanoki," Ienobu left his will which said, 'make Yoshimichi TOKUGAWA from the Owari-Tokugawa family be the next shogun and let him decide the treatment of Ietsugu' and ' make Ietsugu shogun and let Yoshimichi handle the government affairs as Ietsugu's heir.'
Japanese: 「次期将軍は尾張徳川家の徳川吉通にせよ。家継の処遇は吉通に任せよ」というものと、「家継を将軍にして、吉通を家継の世子として政務を代行せよ」と遺言したと『折りたく柴の記』には記されている。
English: Then Hakuseki said, 'if Yoshimichi becomes the shogun, his vassals from Owari will fight with the vassals of the shogun in Edo, which might engulf the entire country in war, but if we choose Lord Nabematsu (Ietsugu) as our shogun and support him, at the very least there will not be any battle,' and Hakuseki proceeded to back Ietsugu, ignoring Ienobu's will.
Japanese: すると白石は、「吉通公を将軍に迎えたら、尾張からやって来る家臣と幕臣との間で争いが起こり、諸大名を巻き込んでの天下騒乱になりかねぬ。鍋松君を将軍として我らが後見すれば、少なくとも争いが起こることはない」として、家宣の遺言を無視する形で、白石は家継の擁立を推進した。
English: On the other hand, there were some cabinet officials of the Shogunate who were against this, claiming 'Nabematsu is still young and what will happen if he dies without the heir?'
Japanese: これに対して、幕閣の間では「鍋松君は幼少であり、もし継嗣無く亡くなられたらどうするおつもりか」という反対意見もあった。
English: However, Hakuseki persuaded them by saying 'then we will welcome Yoshimichi from gosanke (three privileged branches) as our shogun.'
Japanese: しかし、白石は「そのときは、それこそ御三家の吉通公を迎えればよい」と説得したという。
English: A theory says that Ienobu left a will which said 'if Ietsugu could not grow into an adult, adopt either Gorota TOKUGAWA, a son of Yoshimichi, or Chofuku-maru (Ieshige TOKUGAWA), the heir of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, and have Yoshimichi or Yoshimune back up.'
Japanese: また一説に家宣が、「家継の成長が見込めなかった場合は、吉通の子・徳川五郎太か徳川吉宗の嫡男・長福丸（徳川家重）を養子として、吉通か吉宗に後見させよ」と遺言したとされる。
English: This is how Nabematsu changed his name into Ietsugu, received an appointment as shogun, and became the seventh shogun on April 2, 1713, after Ienobu's death.
Japanese: こうして家宣没後の正徳3年（1713年）4月2日、鍋松は家継と改名し、将軍宣下を受けて第7代将軍に就任した。
English: Along with Akifusa MANABE and Hakuseki, Ietsugu continued Shotoku no chi (political reforms), following Ienobu's will.
Japanese: 家継は間部詮房や白石とともに、家宣の遺志を継ぎ、正徳の治を続行した。
English: During this period, the shogunate government was led by Ietsugu's real mother Gekkoin, sobayonin (lord chamberlain) Akifusa MANABE, and advisor Hakuseki ARAI, instead of young Ietsugu.
Japanese: この間、幕政は幼少の家継に代わって生母・月光院や側用人の間部詮房、顧問格であった新井白石らが主導している。
English: Although the truth is unknown, the relationship between Gekkoin, a young and beautiful widow, and Akifusa, a single man, was scandalous.
Japanese: 真偽はともかくとして、若く美しい未亡人であった月光院と独身の詮房の間にはスキャンダルが絶えなかった。
English: In 1714, Ejima Ikujima Incident occurred at O-oku.
Japanese: 正徳4年（1714年）には大奥を舞台とした絵島生島事件が起こるなどした。
English: Ietsugu himself received education to become an emperor by Hakuseki and Hakuseki regarded Ietsugu highly for being smart and reasonable.
Japanese: 家継自身は白石より帝王学の教育を受け、白石も利発で聞き訳が良いとして、その人格を認めていたという。
English: However, Hakuseki, Akifusa and other roju (member of shogun's council of elders) dominated the shogunate government and he could not exert his capabilities.
Japanese: しかし幕政においては白石・詮房共に他の老中たちに押されぎみだったので、十分な成果は上がらなかったとされる。
English: Due to the death of Ietsugu, the family line of the second shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA became extinct and Yoshimune TOKUGAWA from the Kishu Tokugawa Family was installed in the eighth shogun.
Japanese: 家継の死により、第2代将軍・徳川秀忠の系統は断絶し、第8代将軍には紀州徳川家より徳川吉宗が迎えられた。
English: According to Tokugawa Jikki (collection of official records of the Edo bakufu), Ietsugu was born smart and caring like his father Ienobu and his behavior was elegant.
Japanese: 「生来聡明にして、父家宣に似て仁慈の心あり。立居振舞いも閑雅なり」とある（徳川実紀）。
English: Akifusa told Ietsugu, 'Ue-sama (honorific title for emperors or shoguns), let me take care of everything,' and so he conducted the government administrations as he was told by Akifusa and Hakuseki.
Japanese: 家継は、側用人の詮房から「上様、何事もこの詮房にお任せ下さい」という言葉を受け、詮房や白石の路線をそのままに政治を行った。
English: According to "Hone wa kataru tokugawa shogun daimyo-ke no hitobito" (bones tell stories; the people of the Tokugawa clan and the daimyo family), written by Hisashi SUZUKI who attended the refurbishment of the Tokugawa Shogun family's graves at Zojo-ji Temple where Ietsugu was buried to examine the cremains of the buried, when Ietsugu's coffin was opened, the rain water for many years were in the coffin and his bones were not in it; there were just his hair, nails, and articles such as his swords.
Japanese: 家継の埋葬された増上寺で徳川将軍家の墓地が改装された際に、これに立ち会い、被葬者の遺骨の調査を行った、鈴木尚の著書『骨は語る徳川将軍・大名家の人びと』によれば、家継の棺を開けた時、長年の雨水が棺の中に入り込み、家継の遺骨は存在せず、ただ家継のものと思われる遺髪と爪、及び刀等の遺品があったのみであったという。
English: For Ietsugu whose father died early and became the shogun when he was only four, the sobayonin Akifusa MANABE was like his father.
Japanese: 父家宣の死去により、弱冠四歳で将軍に就いた家継にとって、側用人の間部詮房は父のような存在であったという。
English: When Akifusa went out for some business and came back, Ietsugu said 'let's go out and welcome Echizen back (Akifusa)' and waited for him outside.
Japanese: 詮房が所用で出かけて、戻って来たときには「越前（詮房）を迎えに出よう」といって外で待っていた。
English: Moreover, Akifusa scolded Ietsugu even when other vassals could not with constraint.
Japanese: また、逆に他の家臣が遠慮して言えないことであっても、詮房からはきつく叱られた。
English: It is said that Akifusa was very strict to Ietsugu and when Ietsugu was being selfish or grizzled, someone would say 'Echizen-dono (Akifusa) is coming' and Ietsugu soon became well-behaved.
Japanese: 詮房から厳しい教育を受けていたとされており、家継がわがままを言ったりぐずったりした際に、近くの者が「越前殿（詮房）が参られます」と言うと、すぐおとなしくなったという。
English: When Rinojinomiya from Nikko came to the Edo-jo Castle, Rinojinomiya bowed deeply but young Ietsugu gave him just a light nod.
Japanese: 日光の輪王寺宮が江戸城を訪れた際、深々と頭を下げる彼に対して、子供ながら家継は軽く会釈して見送った。
English: In later years, in a TV show "Sekaiichi uketai jugyo" (the lecture everyone wants to attend), Ietsugu was introduced as 'a shogun who was engaged at the age of seven and died at the age of eight.'
Japanese: 後年テレビ番組『世界一受けたい授業』では「7歳で婚約し、8歳で亡くなった徳川将軍」として取り上げられた。
English: On December 28, 1712, he was granted the position of Shonii (Senior Second Rank) Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of state).
Japanese: 正徳(日本)2年（1712年）12月28日、正二位、権大納言に叙任。
English: On May 6th, 1824, Iesada was born as the fourth son of the twelfth Shogun, Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, in Edo-jo castle.
Japanese: 文政7年（1824年）4月8日、第12代将軍・徳川家慶の四男として江戸城で生まれる。
English: However, it was said that Iesada's condition was sickly since his childhood; his character was such that he extremely disliked appearing in front of the public.
Japanese: しかし、幼少時から病弱で、人前に出ることを極端に嫌う性格だったと言われている。
English: In 1841, the Ogosho (leading or influential figure), Ienari TOKUGAWA (the eleventh Shogun and the grandfather of Iesada), died.
Japanese: 天保12年（1841年）に大御所・徳川家斉（第11代将軍、家定の祖父。）が死去。
English: However, Ieyoshi was concerned about the abilities of Iesada's, so Ieyoshi at one time even considered choosing Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA as the successor to the Shogun.
Japanese: しかし家慶は、家定の器量を心配して、一時は徳川慶喜を将軍継嗣にしようと考えたほどである。
English: On February 13th, 1854, after Matthew (Calbraith) PERRY revisited Japan with leading seven naval fleets, the Edo Bakufu signed the Convention of Kanagawa ("Nichibei Washin Joyaku" in Japanese) on March 31st, 1854.
Japanese: 嘉永7年1月16日(旧暦)（1854年2月13日）、マシュー・ペリーが7隻の艦隊を率いて再来日すると、幕府は同年3月3日(旧暦)（3月31日）日米和親条約に調印した。
English: Iesada had been in poor health since his childhood and his condition worsened considerably after his assumption of Shogun.
Japanese: 家定は病弱だったうえ、もともと悪かった体調が将軍就任以後はさらに悪化した。
English: After Masahiro died on August 6th, 1857, Masayoshi HOTTA, a roju, took the leadership.
Japanese: そして、安政4年6月17日(旧暦)（1857年8月6日）に正弘が死去すると、その後は老中・堀田正睦によって主導された。
English: In December 7th, 1857, Iesada granted Townsend HARRIS, the United States Consul General, an audience at Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 安政4年10月21日(旧暦)（1857年）に米国総領事タウンゼント・ハリスを江戸城で引見している。