nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: On September 29 of the same year, he positioned the spearhead with 2,500 horsemen including Tsunaie DODO, the main retainer and Nagasuke IINUMA, the captain of the great guards, along the Kiso-gawa River in Komeno after having a support army from Mitsunari which was led by Hikoemon KASHIWAGI and Hidariuma KAWASE.
Japanese: 柏木彦右衛門・河瀬左馬之助率いる三成からの援軍を得て同年8月22日、木曽川沿いの米野で老臣百々綱家・大番頭飯沼長資らの2500騎を先鋒とした。
English: He then positioned 1,000 horsemen led by Nagamasa KOZUKURI in Nakano-mura Village and another 1,000 horsemen led by Katamasa SATO as a flying squadron in Shinkano-mura Village to create a defense line along the Kiso-gawa River and fought with the East Army led by Terumasa IKEDA and Masanori FUKUSHIMA (the Battle of Komeno).
Japanese: 木造長政らの1000を中野村に配置、遊軍として佐藤方政の兵1,000を新加納村に配置し、木曽川を防衛線として東軍池田輝政・福島正則らの軍勢を迎え撃った（米野の戦い）。
English: Hidenobu also led 1,700 horsemen to Enma-do Temple in Kamikawate-mura Village and was Chief Commander.
Japanese: 秀信自身も1700騎を率いて上川手村閻魔堂まで出陣し総指揮を取った。
English: There are some documents existed including the prohibition letter issued for Yokyo-ji, Zenpuku-ji and Mandara-ji Temples regarding the battle, along with the letter issued to his country warriors from his chief retainer regarding his stay in Enma-do Temple during the battle.
Japanese: この戦に関して、養教寺・善福寺・曼陀羅寺に出した禁制、閻魔堂に布陣するに際して秀信の家老から郷士に発給した文書が現存している。
English: Nagasuke IINUMA (Kokanpei), a 'Gifu Shitenno' (the four famous warriors in Gifu) fought bravely and well, killing Gondayu OOTSUKA, the chief retainer of the Hitotsuyanagi family, and sending his severed head to Hidenobu at Enma-do Temple.
Japanese: 「岐阜四天王」の一人飯沼長資（小勘平）が奮戦、一柳家家老大塚権太夫を討ち取り首級を閻魔堂の秀信のもとに届けるなど善戦した。
English: In the evening on the same day, Shigekatsu SUGIURA was killed after the Takegahana-jo Castle protected by him was surrendered.
Japanese: 同日夕刻、杉浦重勝の守る竹ヶ鼻城も落城し、重勝は討死にを遂げている。
English: When he was pushed to the edge by his enemy, he called for support arms on Oogaki-jo and Inuyama-jo Castles and was besieged in the Gifu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 追い詰められた秀信は、大垣城・犬山城に援軍を要請する一方で、岐阜城に籠城した。
English: Sending Umanokami (Captain of Right Division of Bureau of Horses) SHIMAZU to support Hidenobu was decided but later cancelled.
Japanese: 援軍には当初島津右馬頭が赴くことが決定されたが、取り止めになっている。
English: However, his losing battle didn't seem to turn around due to the shortage of drinking water in the castle, the inappropriate design of Gifu-jo Castle to be besieged and Terumasa IKEDA in the West Army who was the lord of Gifu-jo Castle.
Japanese: しかしながら、元々岐阜城は水の手に乏しく籠城向きの城でなく、東軍にかつて岐阜城主だった池田輝政がいたことや兵力の不足もあって敗勢は覆いがたかった。
English: Hidenobu and his brother Hidenori tried to kill themselves, however, they surrendered and gave Gifu-jo Castle to Terumasa on September 30 due to Terumasa's conviction.
Japanese: 秀信は弟秀則と共に自刃しようとしたが、輝政の説得で23日降伏開城した。
English: It is said that this besieged battle was severe and his brother Hidenori along with his retainers fought bravely, including Hyobu ODA, Tokugen SAITO, Nagamasa KOZUKURI, Tsunaie DODO, Saijiro KAJIKAWA, Sukejuro MUTO (the Toki family), Sakon IRIE, Kanpei IINUMA, Chusho ADACHI, Matazaemon YAMADA, Jihei TAKIGAWA, Magodayu WADA, Toemon TSUDA, Sahei TSUNASHINO, Heiemon IDE and Samanosuke OOKA.
Japanese: 攻城戦は激戦であったらしく、弟秀則や織田兵部、斉藤徳元、木造長政、百々綱家、梶川才次郎、武藤助十郎（土岐一族）、入江左近、飯沼勘平、安達中書、山田又左衛門、滝川治兵衛、和田孫大夫、津田藤右衛門、十野左兵衛、伊達平右衛門、大岡左馬介といった家臣の奮戦が伝わる。
English: The column in "Butoku Anminki" on October 5 also said that Masanori FUKUSHIMA's army severed 430 heads, Mitsumasa IKEDA's army severed 490 and Yoshinaga ASANO's army severed 308 heads.
Japanese: このほか、『武徳安民記』では福島正則勢が430、池田輝政勢が490、浅野幸長勢が308の首級をあげたことが8月28日の項に記されている。
English: The Sofuku-ji Temple keeps a floor board called the "Bloody Ceiling" on the ceiling; it is the floor board on where Hidenobu's 38 retainers killed themselves after Gifu-jo Castle was surrendered.
Japanese: また、崇福寺には岐阜落城時に秀信家臣38人が切腹した場所の床板を天井に張った「血天井」が存在する。
English: It is said that the severed heads of his retainers who were killed in the battle of the besieged Gifu-jo Castle were sent to Edo and their memorial service was held in the tomb of the heads in Azabuhara.
Japanese: なお、岐阜城攻防戦で討ち死にした家臣の首級は江戸へ送られ、麻布原の首塚に供養されたとされる。
English: There is an anecdote that his retainer, Shinrokuro KOBAYASHI, was a guide for Yoshihiro SHIMAZU's retreating army after Gifu-jo Castle was surrendered.
Japanese: 岐阜城陥落後の逸話として、家臣小林新六郎が撤退する島津義弘の軍勢の道案内をしたことが伝わっている。
English: Some people said not to save Hidenobu's life after his surrender, however, Hidenobu forfeited 130,000 koku of Gifu and was sent to Mt. Koya after the battle ended because Masanori FUKUSHIMA who had many relatives of Hidenobu's retainers, said 'Please save his life as my reward in the battle' and claimed to save his life (many people had to fight with their relatives in the battle including parents, brothers, uncles and nephews).
Japanese: 降伏した秀信に対する助命はいかがなものかという声も上がったが、家中に秀信家臣の縁者も多かった（親兄弟、伯父甥で戦った者も少なくない）福島正則が「自らの武功と引き換えに」と助命を主張したため、合戦終結後に岐阜13万石は没収されて高野山へと送られた。
English: However, he actually couldn't enter the mountain until December 3 due to the conquest of Kishu by his grandfather, Nobunaga.
Japanese: しかし、祖父信長の行った紀州征伐が仇となって当初は入山が許されず、10月28日まで待たされた。
English: During this period, he held a memorial service for his aunt, Sannomaru-dono, who died in 1603.
Japanese: この間、慶長8年（1603年）に伯母三の丸殿が亡くなった際にはその供養を行っている。
English: However, there is also another theory that his banishment was just harassment from the perspective of his protection for the temples in Mino Province including the exemption of miscellaneous taxes for Sofuku-ji Temple and the donations to Hokke-ji Temple, which was the family temple of Oda.
Japanese: なお、秀信は仏教を迫害しておらず、美濃崇福寺を織田家の菩提寺ということで諸役免除としたり、法華寺に寄進を行うなど美濃の寺院を保護しているため、高野山追放は完全なとばっちりであるという説もある。
English: The Kogen Bukan evaluated as an apocryphal book and the materials equivalent to the Kogen Bukan stated Hidenobu ODA and his retainers after his banishment from Mt. Koya as below.
Japanese: 一般的に偽書として評価されている江源武鑑、及びそれに準ずる資料においては、高野山追放後の織田秀信一行について以下のように記述されている。
English: About 30 members of his retainers accompanied him to Mt. Koya, including Heiemon DATE, Chusho ADACHI, Sankuro TAKENAKA, Mokuzaemon ARAKAWA, Unemenosho YAMAI, Ittokusai TAKAHASHI, Samon MORI and Tazaemon KOSHIJI (It is also said that 14 pageboys actually accompanied him.)
Japanese: 高野山へは伊達平右衛門・安達中書・竹内三九郎・荒川木工左衛門・山井采女正・高橋一徳斎・森左門・越地太左衛門ら30人余の家臣が付き従った（付き従ったのは小姓14人ともいう）。
English: His retainer Magodayu WADA, who was the old retainer of the Rokkaku clan, rescued them after Gifu-jo Castle was surrendered.
Japanese: しかし、岐阜落城後六角旧臣である家臣の和田孫太夫によって救出されている。
English: However, WADA killed Hidenobu's mother and wife who was also WADA's daughter and sent their severed heads to Hidenobu because it was impossible for them to run away to Gifu during the night.
Japanese: しかし、夜間岐阜まで逃げ延びるのは不可能であったため、和田は秀信の母と自分の娘である秀信の妻を刺殺し、首だけを送り届けた。
English: She was raised by a farmer in Omi and later had her son, Ujisato ROKKAKU, after she married Yoshisato ROKKAKU.
Japanese: 近江で百姓に養われて後六角義郷に嫁ぎ義郷との間に六角氏郷を儲けている。
English: Hidenobu then moved to Zenpuku-ji Temple in Mukasoi-mura Village (Hashimoto City) and he and a daughter of the Nishiyama family who was the magnate in that area had their son, Hidetomo ODA.
Japanese: その後、向副村善福寺(橋本市)に入り地元有力者西山氏の娘・梅との間に織田秀朝を儲けた。
English: He then married his second wife, Machino ONJI, the daughter of Masumi ONJI from the local ruling family which was a branch family of the Minamoto family in Omi Province (or a descendant of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro), and they had their son, Tsunenao ODA.
Japanese: そして、近江源氏の庶流（坂上田村麻呂後裔とも）地元の豪族生地真澄の娘生地町野を継室に迎えて、さらに織田恒直を儲けた。
English: It is thought that he became a country warrior because he used his family name.
Japanese: 名字を名乗っていることから判断しておそらく郷士となったものと思われる。
English: It is said that he also had a child who was secluded in Mino Province and Shindo TSUBOI was his fifth-generation descendant.
Japanese: このほか美濃に閑居した一子があり、5代後の子孫に坪井信道があるという。
English: In addition to the theory that he died, there is also the statement in some books that he became a feudal lord of the property of 10,000 koku in Tanakura, Mutsu Province, however, this remains unknown.
Japanese: なお死亡説のほか、一部の本には陸奥国棚倉藩1万石で大名に復帰したという記述もあるが、詳細は不明である。
English: His descendants were stated in the thesis 'The Last Lord of Gifu-jo Castle - Hidenobu IDA's Death and his Descendants' which was written by Hiroyuki KANO and posted in the 13th edition of "The Unification of Japan" in 2000.
Japanese: 2000年に『天下布武』第13号に掲載された加納宏幸の論文「最後の岐阜城主・織田秀信終焉の地とその子孫」がこれら末裔に関して記している。
English: In his portrait in Entoku-ji Temple, he wore a light blue kimono with paulownia patterns and a purple Japanese male skirt.
Japanese: 円徳寺に残された肖像画には桐紋を描いた水色の衣に青い花を描いた紫の袴といういでたちが確認されている。
English: There is a theory that Hidenobu and Nobunaga were seemingly alike and it is said that Hidenobu wore armor which was similar to Nobunaga's and came out into the field during the prelude of the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 信長に容貌が酷似していたとする説もあり、関ヶ原の前哨戦で戦ったときには、信長を髣髴とさせるかぶいた甲冑をまとって出陣したと伝わる。
English: However there is an anecdote that he wrote a citation and gave it to all of his retainers when Gifu-jo Castle was surrendered.
Japanese: しかし、一方で岐阜落城時に籠城した家臣全員に感状を書いて渡したという逸話が残る。
English: He also followed Nobunaga's policy including the protections of the temples which were previously protected by Nobunaga (The Zenko-ji Nyorai's alter ego in the Zenko-ji Temple in Gifu was also protected by Shingen TAKEDA and it showed the merciful side of the old Takeda family), Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds policy) and cormorant fishing.
Japanese: また信長の保護した寺院を引き続いて保護（岐阜善光寺に分身が祀られる善光寺如来は武田信玄も保護しており、旧武田氏勢力の慰撫の一面もあったと思われる）や楽市楽座、鵜飼いの保護など信長の政策を踏襲した面も見られた。
English: He installed no tyranny and valued the protection of temples and civil administrations including water transport to follow Nobunaga's administrative policy.
Japanese: 信長の施政方針を継承して苛政を敷かず、水運の重視など民生や寺社対策に心を配っていたことが伺える。
English: Hidenobu's notice board stating the prohibitions in Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds policy) is retained in Entoku-ji Temple in Gifu City with the notice boards of his grandfathers, Nobunaga and Terumasa IKEDA.
Japanese: 岐阜市の円徳寺には、祖父信長や池田輝政のものと並んで秀信の楽市楽座制札が残っている。
English: Hidenobu was often considered a busho with low capability due to his surrender of Gifu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 秀信は岐阜城を落とされていることから武将としての力量に欠けるとされることが多い。
English: However, Masanori FUKUSHIMA, who was the commander of the East Army during the Battle of Sekigahara admired him with the comment, 'Only the legitimate grandchild of Nobunaga could do it' upon seeing Hidenobu's well-prepared armament for the prelude in the Battle of Sekigahara, along with the tactic he took and his attitude when he surrendered ("Kaisei Mikawago Fudoki" (Foundation of the Tokugawa clan)).
Japanese: しかし、関ヶ原前哨戦では積極的に軍備を整え、岐阜城攻防戦で取った戦術や敗北時の振る舞い、敵将として戦った福島正則が「さすが信長の嫡孫也」と秀信を称えている（『改正三河後風土記』）。
English: The Oda family said they were from the Taira family or the Fujiwara family, however, it is thought that they were from the Inbe family, an old ruling family, due to the connection between the Oda family and Tsurugi-jinja Shrine in Ota, Echizen-cho, Nyu-gun, Fukushima Prefecture.
Japanese: 織田氏は平氏とも藤原氏とも自称するが、福井県丹生郡越前町織田にある劔神社の関係から古代豪族の忌部氏と考えられている。
English: The Asakura family was their rival because the Oda family derived from Owari Province and built their stronghold in Echizen Province.
Japanese: 越前国に地盤を築き、尾張に派生したため、朝倉氏とは当初からのライバル関係であった。
English: The Oda family was the owner of Furuwatari-jo Castle after Nobusada ODA became the lord and gained power in the generation of Nobuhide equivalent to their head family which held the military governorship.
Japanese: 織田信定から古渡城主で曾祖父の織田信秀の代で守護代を務める本家と同等に渡り合える力を持った。
English: However, the Oda family lost their power and were brought to ruin due to the family conflicts after Nobunaga and his father, Nobutada ODA, were killed in the Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: しかし、本能寺の変で信長と父の織田信忠が討たれると一族の内乱で急速に家勢を失い没落した。
English: It is unknown why his graveyard is in Shojuraigo-ji Temple if his mother was the daughter of Nagamitsu SHIOKAWA, because there was no linkage confirmed between Shojuraigo-ji Temple and the Shiokawa family.
Japanese: 聖衆来迎寺と塩川家は関わりが確認できず、塩川長満の娘であった場合、なぜ聖衆来迎寺に葬られたのか疑問の残るところである。
English: However, it is difficult to determine that there was no linkage due to the colored portrait of Nobunaga painted on paper in the temple.
Japanese: しかし同寺には「紙本著色織田秀信像」が伝来しており、全く無縁というわけでもなさそうである。
English: He and his lawful wife from the Wada family had no son and adopted Hidetsuna HACHIMANYAMA who was the sotomago (grandchild from a daughter married into another family) of Nobuhiro ODA.
Japanese: この正室和田氏との間に男子はなく、織田信広の外孫である八幡山秀綱が養子となった。
English: Yoshinobu adopted Hidetsuna HACHIMANYAMA as his son, who was the younger brother of Yoshisato ROKKAKU, and named him Saburo because he had no son when he first moved to Gifu.
Japanese: 秀信には岐阜入部当初男子がなかったため、六角義郷の弟八幡山秀綱を養子とし、三郎と名乗らせている。
English: It is said that Hidetsuna's mother was the daughter or granddaughter of Nobunaga ODA and Hidetsuna was the male cousin or son of a male cousin of Hidenobu.
Japanese: 秀綱の母は織田信長の娘ないし孫娘であるといい、秀綱は従兄弟ないし従兄弟の子にあたる。
English: Hidetsuna died in 1601 and didn't inherit the estate of the Oda's head family because Hidenobu was defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara and lost his position and property.
Japanese: なお、秀綱は慶長6年（1601年）に没し、秀信が関ヶ原の戦いで敗北・改易されたこともあり、織田宗家の家督を相続することはなかった。
English: Ieharu TOKUGAWA was the tenth Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) of the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (his tenure of office: 1760 - 1786).
Japanese: 徳川家治（とくがわいえはる）は、江戸幕府の第10代征夷大将軍である（在任：宝暦10年（1760年）-天明6年（1786年））。
English: From his childhood due to his sagacity, he bore on his shoulders the expectations of his grandfather, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, who was the 8th Shogun, and was brought up as a favorite with his grandfather.
Japanese: 幼少時よりその聡明さから、第8代将軍であった祖父・徳川吉宗の期待を一心に受け寵愛されて育った。
English: In January 1755, he married Princess (the title given to an imperial lady of legitimate birth in the male line within three generations and without the imperial proclamation for an entitlement of an Imperial Princess) Rinshi, a daughter of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito.
Japanese: 宝暦4年（1754年）12月に閑院宮直仁親王の娘・倫子女王と結婚した。
English: On June 15, 1760, he succeeded his retired father as the head of the Tokugawa family and on October 10, he was officially appointed as Shogun to take over Shogunate and promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and Naidaijin (the Minister of the Interior).
Japanese: 宝暦10年（1760年）5月3日、父の隠居により徳川宗家の家督を相続し、9月2日には正式に将軍宣下を受けて第10代将軍職を継承し、正二位・内大臣に昇叙する。
English: And, in accordance with his father's will, he gave Okitsugu TANUMA an important position of Sobayonin (the grand chamberlain) and attended to government affairs together with Roju (member of shogun's council of elders) Takechika MATSUDAIRA and others.
Japanese: そして父・家重の遺言に従い、田沼意次を側用人に重用し、老中・松平武元らと共に政治に励んだ。
English: After the death of Takechika MATSUDAIRA, however, he wound up gradually leaving the Bakufu affairs to Okitsugu TANUMA, who was appointed as Roju, and increasingly indulging himself in pleasure like Shogi (a Japanese board game resembling chess) and so on, which means that he ran counter to his grandfather Yoshimune's expectations after all.
Japanese: しかし松平武元が死去すると次第に幕政を老中に任命した田沼意次に任せ、自らは好きな将棋などの趣味に没頭することが多くなり、結局祖父・吉宗の期待には応えられなかった。
English: However, some highly evaluate it saying, 'the fact that he gave Okitsugu TANUMA an important position was an excellent decision itself.'
Japanese: ただし、その「田沼意次を重用した事自体が英断である」として、高く評価する意見もある。
English: Okitsugu was able to promote a daring mercantilism policy due entirely to Ieharu's support and, as mentioned later, Okitsugu lost his position upon the death of Ieharu.
Japanese: 意次が大胆な重商主義政策を推進し得たのも家治の後援あってのことであり、後述する通り家治の死によって意次は失脚する。
English: While Okitsugu TANUMA carried out reclamation works for the Inba-numa and the Tega-numa lakes, he planned the development of Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu) and the trade with Russia.
Japanese: 田沼意次は印旛沼・手賀沼干拓を実施し、蝦夷地開発や対ロシア貿易を計画する。
English: As Iemoto TOKUGAWA, the heir of Ieharu suddenly died at the age of 18 in 1779, Ieharu adopted, in 1781, Toyochiyo (who was later to become the 11th Shogun, Ienari TOKUGAWA), the eldest son of Harusada TOKUGAWA, the head of the Hitotsubashi family.
Japanese: 安永(元号)8年（1779年）、家治の世子・徳川家基が18歳で急死したため、天明元年（1781年）に一橋家当主・徳川治済の長男・豊千代（後の第11代将軍・徳川家斉）を自分の養子とした。
English: The death of a high-class person was usually kept secret for about one month (The funeral was conducted on September 29), during which Okitsugu TANUMAlost his position due to an intrigue by an anti-Tanuma group.
Japanese: 高貴な人の死は1ヶ月ほど秘されるのが通例（発葬されたのは9月8日(旧暦)・新暦9月29日）だが、その間に反田沼派の策謀により田沼意次が失脚。
English: Furthermore, it was rumored that Okitsugu poisoned Ieharu due to the fact that Ieharu fell into critical condition after he took a medicine prescribed by the medical doctors (Toan HYUGA and Keijun WAKABAYASHI) whom Okitsugu recommended.
Japanese: また、意次の薦めた医師（日向陶庵・若林敬順）の薬を飲んだ後に家治が危篤に陥ったため、意次が毒を盛ったのではないかという噂が流れた。
English: When Ieharu wrote the letter of 'Ryu (Dragon)' with the brush in the practice of calligraphy, he used a whole sheet so extensively that he found no place to put a dot which was a part of the letter.
Japanese: 家治が習字の手習いで「龍」の字を書いたとき、あまりにのびのびと紙いっぱいに書いたので最後に点を打つ場所が無くなってしまった。
English: Then, Ieharu put the dot outside the sheet on the Tatami (straw mat), but when Yoshimune came to know it, he is said to have greatly praised Ieharu.
Japanese: すると家治は紙の外の畳の上に点を打ったのであるが、吉宗はこれを知って家治を大いに褒めたという。
English: Yoshimune is said to have given up the hope for Ieshige, but expected much of Ieharu and gave Ieharu good trainings in the study to become Shogun and martial art by himself.
Japanese: 吉宗は家重のことは諦める代わりに、家治に期待を寄せ、自ら帝王学や武術などを教え込んだという。
English: Furthermore, Yoshimune is said to have trained by himself the page boys assigned for Ieharu and tried to secure a perfect structure for successor.
Japanese: さらに家治に付けた小姓などにも自ら養育を施し、後継者体制を万全なものにしたという。
English: While Shogun was to get up at 6 o'clock in the morning, Ieharu close to 50 years old increasingly awoke earlier.
Japanese: 将軍の起床は6時となっていたが、50歳近くになった家治は早く目を覚ますことが多くなった。
English: In such cases, he spent his time walking back and forth in his Zashiki (a Japanese style room with tatami flooring) without making noise until six o'clock.
Japanese: そんな時は座敷の中の音を立てないように行ったり来たりして6時になるのをひたすら待っていた。
English: He is said to have walked through the corridor to the toilet with stealthy steps not to wake up the Konando-yaku (job to do Shogun's personal care) (Masamune DATE is known as a person who had a very similar episode).
Japanese: 厠に行く時も当番の御小納戸役を起こさないように抜き足差し足で廊下を歩いたという（これに非常に良く似たエピソードを持っている人物として知られているのが伊達政宗である）。
English: He is said to have been always conscious of being such a benevolent lord as his grandfather Yoshimune and when he was served with different foods, he even asked, 'Did my grandfather eat this?'
Japanese: 祖父である吉宗のように名君たらんと、いつも意識し、食べ物にして変わったものが出ると｢これは先々代様も食べられたものか？」と確認するほどだったという。
English: On a heavy rainy day, Ieharu saw a Kinju (attendant) sigh looking at the sky.
Japanese: ある激しい雨の日、家治は1人の近習が空を見上げ溜息をついてるのを目にした。
English: To find the reasons, he asked another person, who answered, 'He is poor and his rotting house leaks, so he may worry about his parents having hard time.'
Japanese: 別の者にその訳を聞いたところ、｢あの者は貧しく、家が朽ちて雨漏りがしており、今頃親が苦心していることを思っているのでしょう」と答えた。
English: Furthermore, Ieharu asked him how much it would cost to repair the house, then he answered, 'I think 100 Ryo would be enough.'
Japanese: 更に家治は幾らあれば直せるのかと聞くと、｢100両もあれば直せると思います」と答えた。
English: Ieharu is said to have secretly called the Kinju who had sighed and handed 100 Ryo to the Kinju saying, 'Devote yourself to your parents.'
Japanese: 家治は密かに溜息をついていた近習を呼ぶと｢孝を尽くせ」と100両を渡したという。
English: Although he had two daughters from his Seishitsu (legal wife) Princess Rinshi (That is exceptional itself), he never had any son.
Japanese: 正室・倫子女王との間に2女を儲けるも（これ自体が異例）、男子を得る事ができなかった。
English: He never chose a concubine every time his trusted retainers recommended and was finally forced to choose one by Okitsugu TANUMA, but on condition that Okitsugu TANUMA have a concubine.
Japanese: 近臣が側室を進められてもなかなか選ばず、遂に田沼意次の薦めで側室を選ばされたが代わりに田沼意次も側室をもつことを条件にした。
English: Furthermore, after the two concubines gave birth to a male child respectively, he never visit the two as if letting them resign.
Japanese: また側室２人がそれぞれ男児を産んだ後はお役御免かのように通わなかった
English: His Kifu (record of a game of shogi) of Shogi (Japanese Chess) has been preserved, which indicates that his level is estimated on the same level as the present amateur high-ranking shogi player (assuming that the Kifu recorded the games played by the real ability of Ieharu TOKUGAWA himself).
Japanese: 将棋は棋譜が残っており、（もし棋譜が純粋に徳川家治自身の実力のみで指されたと仮定すれば）現在のアマ高段者レベルだったと推定される。
English: Ieharu developed new terms for Shogi (For instance, he called the squares of a Shogi board from the top on the right as 'I ro ha ni ho he to chi ri nu ru wo') and in his later years he wrote a book called 'Shochikokaku.'
Japanese: 家治は新しい将棋用語を考案し（例えば右上から「いろはにほへとちりぬるを」などと呼んだ）、「象棋攻格」という本も晩年著している。
English: He reportedly retracted a move by moving a piece back to the original square when he faced a difficulty during a game of shogi.
Japanese: 対局中に難局の場面で、待ったをして、駒を元に戻したとも伝えられている。
English: Although he has been treated as a foolish ruler, he was highly talented in the field of hobbies as mentioned above.
Japanese: 暗君扱いされる事も多いが、上記の通り趣味の分野では高い能力を示している。
English: Therefore, regarding the fact that he did not independently exercise his authority as Shogun, there is a theory that he simply lacked motivation.
Japanese: そのため、将軍として主体的に権力の行使を行わなかったことについて、ただ単にやる気がなかったとする説もある。
English: On the other hand, regarding the fact that he selected Tanuma and continued to support Tanuma's policies, there is a viewpoint that it was due to his suitable judgment.
Japanese: 一方、田沼抜擢とその諸政策の支持を続けたことに関しては相応の見識によるものとの見方もある。
English: Even in these days when the poor reputation of Tanuma has greatly been modified, the evaluation of Ieharu is still influenced by the past theory of his having been a foolish ruler.
Japanese: その田沼に対する評価が大幅に改められた現在においても、家治に対する評価はまだまだ過去の暗君説を引き継いでいるのが現状である。
English: There is a theory that the length of the Ihai (ancestral tablets) kept in Daiju-ji Temple is almost the same as the Shogun's height, according to which Ieharu is presumed to have been 153 cm tall.
Japanese: 大樹寺に納められている位牌が、将軍の身長とほぼ同じ高さであるとする説があり、これによると家治の身長は153センチと推測される。
English: However, due to the fact that the Ihai of Ieshige is 151 cm long and his real height was 156 cm, some say that Ieharu was 158 cm tall which was taller than Ieshige was.
Japanese: しかし、家重の位牌は151センチで実際の身長が156センチであることから、家治の身長はそれよりも高い158センチとする説もある。
English: Issac Titsingh, the curator of Dutch trading house (the Kapitan) of the Dutch East India Company was received in audience by Lord Ieharu.
Japanese: 東インド会社オランダ商館長（カピタン）イサーク・ティチングは家治公に謁見した。
English: Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA was the 12th Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (reigned between 1837 - 1853).
Japanese: 徳川家慶（とくがわいえよし）、は、江戸幕府の第12代征夷大将軍（将軍在職：天保8年（1837年）-嘉永6年（1853年））。
English: He had 14 sons and 13 daughters including Iesada TOKUGAWA and Yoshimasa TOKUGAWA, but only Iesada reached manhood.
Japanese: 子女は徳川家定・徳川慶昌ら14男13女がいるが、成人したのは家定だけであった。
English: In 1793, he was born as the 2nd son of the 11th Shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA in Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 寛政5年（1793年）、第11代将軍・徳川家斉の二男として江戸城で生まれる。
English: Although he became a heir of Shogun because of his oldest brother Takechiyo TOKUGAWA's early death and succeeded to the shogunate at the age of 45 in 1837, Ienari maintained a powerful voice as a leading figure.
Japanese: 長兄・徳川竹千代が早世したために将軍継嗣となり、天保8年（1837年）に45歳で将軍職を譲られたが、家斉が大御所として強大な発言権を保持していた。
English: After Ienari died in 1841, Ieyoshi decided to get his 4th son Iesada to succeed to the shogunate.
Japanese: 天保12年（1841年）、家斉の死後、家慶は四男・家定を将軍継嗣に決定した。
English: He also gave an important position to the head of Roju (Senior Councilor of the shogunate) Tadakuni MIZUNO to let him purge the Ienari group for promoting Tempo Reforms.
Japanese: また老中首座の水野忠邦を重用し、家斉派を粛清して天保の改革を行なわせた。
English: Tadakuni embarked on the financial reconstruction of the bakufu to develop reforms, but did not gain public support because he completely controlled the luxury and introduce austerity measures.
Japanese: 忠邦は幕府財政再建に乗り出し、諸改革を打ち出したが、徹底的な奢侈の取締りと緊縮財政政策を採用したため世間に支持されなかった。