nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: So, if the coating fails, it will crack straight from the hole to the bottom when moisture from the urushi Japanese lacquer starts to dry.
Japanese: そのため、塗りに失敗すると漆の水分の乾き際に穴から下まで一直線に割れが入る。
English: Therefore, it is not appropriate to work on this process during arid times when the coated urushi Japanese lacquer dries too quickly.
Japanese: 従って、塗った漆が早く乾いてしまう湿度のない時期はこの作業に適さない。
English: The best time for the lacquering process would be from the end of March to May 20 during the Spring and a shorter period during Autumn according to the twenty-four sekki calendar.
Japanese: この漆塗り作業ができる時期は、春は24節季の3月末～5月20日までであり、秋はさらに短くなる。
English: Lacquering the inside of a Hichiriki flute could be done only during this period, because it could crack if this process were carried out at any other time.
Japanese: 篳篥の内側の漆はこの時期のみ塗ることができ、この時期以外は塗ると割れてしまう。
English: Hichiriki flute is an instrument, so it is made without cracks, has the right scale, and a well-sounding tone.
Japanese: 篳篥は楽器であり、割れのないことはもちろん、正しい音階、響のよい音色となるように製作される。
English: A player says that just looking at the Hichiriki flute enables him/her to concentrate before a performance while thinking about how the craftsman put his/her soul into making it.
Japanese: 演奏者は、演奏前に製作者が精魂こめて作った篳篥を見つめていると精神が統一されると述べる。
English: The shape of Hichiriki flute has always been the same since ancient times, so the predecessors' work is a useful reference for improving the technique.
Japanese: 篳篥の形は古来から大きさが決まっているので先人の作品が技術向上の参考になる。
English: The length of Sho, a wind instrument, is one shaku (= 30.3 cm) and seven sun (= 3.03 cm x 7), and it was a large Sho until the beginning of Kamakura period, in the thirteenth century, but it became smaller afterward.
Japanese: 管楽器の笙は1尺7寸、13世紀の鎌倉初期までは大きな笙だったがその後は小さくなった。
English: However, the fue (Japanese flute) and the Hichiriki flute have a fixed length, so it is based upon the famous instruments made before the change in measurements occurred.
Japanese: しかし笛と篳篥は昔から長さが決まっているのでそれ以前の昔に作られた名器が参考になる。
English: For the craftsmen, their techniques stop improving if they only continue their own work.
Japanese: 製作者は自らの作品を作ってばかりでは技術はそこまでで止まってしまう。
English: However, a craftsmen's technique improves with ideas and effort by examining famous instruments passed down from ancient times.
Japanese: しかし古代から伝えられた名器を観察し工夫努力を重ねることで製作者の技術は上乗せされてさらに伸びてゆく。
English: It rose in China before the birth of Christ, and has had strong influence in East Asian countries for more than two thousand years.
Japanese: 紀元前の中国に興り、東アジア各国で2000年以上に渡って強い影響力を持つ。
English: It is referred to as Ju-gaku (in Chinese) from the scholarly side, and Mei-kyo or Rei-kyo from the side of philosophy.
Japanese: その学問的側面から儒学(中国語)、思想的側面からは名教・礼教ともいう。
English: Koshi of Lu systematized it in the Eastern Zhou Spring and Autumn Period, succeeded and developed the theories of the ancient men of virtue, Yao, Shun, King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, and Duke of Zhou, as ideal politics, practiced a way of humanity and justice, and advocated the distinction of social standing and order.
Japanese: 東周春秋時代、魯の孔子によって体系化され、堯・舜、文王(周)武王(周)周公旦の古えの君子の政治を理想の時代として祖述し、仁義の道を実践し、上下秩序の弁別を唱えた。
English: The religious community became a school of Shoshi hyakka (The Various Masters of the 100 Schools: Thinkers of Ancient China) as Ju-ka (Confucianist), and advocated the principle of rule by virtue of the sovereignty, which believed the country should be governed by the rule of virtue, criticizing the rule by military power and plots in those days, and claiming that in fact, history had progressed in such ways.
Japanese: その教団は諸子百家の一家となって儒家となり、徳による王道で天下を治めるべきであり、同時代の武力による覇道を批判し、事実、そのように歴史が推移してきたとする徳治主義を主張した。
English: It was established during the age of the Han Dynasty when this thought of Ju-ka was recognized as a national learning of religious doctrine.
Japanese: その儒家思想が漢代、国家の教学として認定されたことによって成立した。
English: Ju-kyo teaches the maintenance of five human relations arranged in order (father and son, lord and vassal, husband and wife, old and young, one and one's friend) through expansion of moral character called the five eternal virtues (humanity, justice, courtesy, wisdom, sincerity).
Japanese: 儒教は、五常（仁、義、礼、智、信）という徳性を拡充することにより五倫（父子、君臣、夫婦、長幼、朋友）関係を維持することを教える。
English: However, it is true that Ju-kyo in the Tang Dynasty and onward had a strong tendency towards predominance of men over women.
Japanese: しかし、唐代以降、儒教に於ける男尊女卑の傾向がかなり強く見られるのも事実である。
English: This is seen today as a result of continuous emphasis on the thought that 'wives have the obligation to devote themselves to their husbands' (maintenance of the five human relations arranged in order), and it is frequently debated whether Ju-kyo should be considered a thought of equal rights for men and women or a thought of predominance of men over women.
Japanese: これは「夫に妻は身を持って尽くす義務がある」と言う思想（五倫関係の維持）を強調し続けた結果、と現在ではみなされており、儒教を男女同権思想と見るか男尊女卑思想と見るかの論争も度々行われるようになっている。
English: Additionally, according to the "Biography of Confucius" by Shizuka SHIRAKAWA, 'it is a word describing the likelihood of valiant young men in hunting clothes.'
Japanese: また、白川静『孔子伝』によれば、「狩衣姿も凛々しい若者のたのもしさをいう語」。
English: There have been various theories on the origin of Ju since Koseki (Hu Shih) wrote in his research paper 'The Explanation of Thought of Confucianists' (1924), that they were 'men of the people remaining from Yin who taught courtesy,' but in recent years, it has generally been believed that they were a group who specialized in ceremonial occasions, especially, funeral ceremonies.
Japanese: 儒（じゅ）の起源については胡適が論文「説儒」（1924年）で「殷の遺民で礼を教える士」として以来、様々な説がなされてきたが、近年は冠婚葬祭、特に葬儀を専門とした集団であったとするのが一般化してきている。
English: Thus, the Orientalist, Shizuka SHIRAKAWA, believed shamanism, which had spread in Asia before Christ was the parent organization of Ju.
Japanese: そこで、東洋学者の白川静は、紀元前、アジア一帯に流布していたシャーマニズムを儒の母体と考えた。
English: She claimed that Koshi attempted to morally and religiously reorganize the ancient society, which was falling apart due to social disorder caused by collapse of public order based on the system of social status, by extracting the ancestor worship factor from shamanism and organizing it as Rei-kyo, and by embracing a philosophy of sympathy.
Japanese: そのシャーマニズムから祖先崇拝の要素を取り出して礼教化し、仁愛の理念をもって、当時、身分制秩序崩壊の社会混乱によって解体していた古代社会の道徳的・宗教的再編を試みたのが孔子であると主張している。
English: Kokyu (Koshi, 551 B.C. - 479 B.C.) was born in Lu at the end of the Zhou period when the merit system was widespread and public order based upon social status was beginning to collapse, and he advocated the reorganization of public order based upon social status and politics of humanity, ideally returning to the beginning of the Zhou period.
Japanese: 孔丘（孔子、紀元前551年‐紀元前479年）は実力主義が横行し身分制秩序が解体されつつあった周末、魯国に生まれ、周初への復古を理想として身分制秩序の再編と仁道政治を掲げた。
English: The disciples of Koshi believed in the thoughts of Koshi and organized a religious community, and became a Ju-ka to form a school of Shoshi hyakka during the Warring States Period.
Japanese: 孔子の弟子たちは孔子の思想を奉じて教団を作り、戦国時代(中国)、儒家となって諸子百家の一家をなした。
English: According to the house of Kongzi in "Shiki" (Records of the Grand Historian," Koshi had 3000 disciples, and the 'ones who were familiar with the Six Arts (rites, music, archery, charioteering, literature and mathematics)' were called Shichijisshi (approximately seventy disciples of Koshi with outstanding talent).
Japanese: 『史記』孔子世家によると、孔子の弟子は3000人おり、特に「身の六芸に通じる者」として七十子がいたとされる。
English: Among them, high-caliber disciples with exceptional talent were called the most excellent ten pupils of Confucius, and were categorized into four departments based on their talent.
Japanese: そのうち特に優れた高弟は孔門十哲と呼ばれ、その才能ごとに四科に分けられている。
English: Specifically, Gankai, Bin-Shiken, Zen-Hakugyu, and Chukyu of virtuous deed, Saiga and Shiko of language, Zen-Yu and Shiro of political affairs and tasks, Shiyu and Shika of literature (meaning learning).
Japanese: すなわち、徳行に顔回・閔子騫・冉伯牛・仲弓、言語に宰我・子貢、政事に冉有・子路、文学（学問のこと）に子游・子夏である。
English: Additionally, there was So-Shin (So-shi) who was known for practicing filial piety and was the author of "The Book of Filial Piety," and his disciple, Shishi, was the grandchild of Koshi and the author of "Chuyo" (Doctrine of the Mean).
Japanese: その他、孝の実践で知られ、『孝経』の作者とされる曾参（曾子）がおり、その弟子には孔子の孫で『中庸』の作者とされる子思がいる。
English: Among them, Moka (Moshi (Mencius)) advocated the ethical doctrine that human nature is fundamentally good, as well as humanity, which was considered the most important type of virtue by Koshi, and the thought of justice, the type of virtue which was considered actionable.
Japanese: そのなかで孟軻（孟子）は性善説を唱え,孔子が最高の徳目とした仁に加え、実践が可能とされる徳目義の思想を主張した。
English: Additionally, the Rikkei (six documents) books from Zhou, "Shikyo" (Chinese Poetry book), "Shujing" (Book of History), "Girai" (Yili), "Gakkei," "I Ching" (The Book of Changes), and "Shunju" (Spring and Autumn Annals) were specified as Ju-kyo scriptures, and from their Ju-ka-style interpretation learning perspective, "Classic of Rites" and den, or commentaries and collected papers, such as "Ekiden," "Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan" (Master Zuo's Commentary to the Spring and Autumns), "Shunju Kuyo-den" (Annotation of Gongyang on Spring and Autumn Annals), and "Shunju Kokuryo-den" (Annotation of Guliang on Spring and Autumn Annals) were organized.
Japanese: また『詩経』『書経』『儀礼』『楽経』『易経』『春秋』といった周の書物を六経として儒家の経典とし、その儒家的な解釈学の立場から『礼記』や『易伝』『春秋左氏伝』『春秋公羊伝』『春秋穀梁伝』といった注釈書や論文集である伝が整理された（完成は漢代）。
English: When the first Qin Emperor united six nations to unify China, they respected the thought of legalism while prohibiting the freedom of activities based on other ideas, and burned books and buried scholars.
Japanese: 秦の始皇帝が六国を併せて中国を統一すると、法家思想を尊んでそれ以外の自由な思想活動を禁止し、焚書坑儒を起こした。
English: However, it is told that books stored by the erudite officers were exempted, meaning not all Keisho (most important documents in Confucianism) of Ju-ka were destroyed, and they were passed on to Han despite the Chu-Han contention.
Japanese: ただし、博士官が保存する書物は除かれたとあるので儒家の経書が全く滅びたというわけではなく、楚漢戦争をへながらも、漢に伝えられた。
English: China was once again unified by Han, and the thought and learning which became popular at the beginning of the Han period was a school of Huang-Lao Taoism from a Taoism (Daoism) lineage.
Japanese: 漢に再び中国は統一されたが、漢初に流行した思想・学術は道家系の黄老刑名の学であった。
English: Under these circumstances, Confucianist who were erudite officers in Qin took active roles, such as Shuku Sontsu who defined the court etiquette of Han, Riku Ka who made the king of Nanyue pay tribute to the court, and Fuku Sho (Fu Sheng) who introduced the "Kinbunshosho" (a New Text version of the Classic of History).
Japanese: そのなかにあって叔孫通が漢の宮廷儀礼を定め、陸賈が南越王を朝貢させ、伏生が『今文尚書』を伝えるなど、秦の博士官であった儒者たちが活躍した。
English: In the era of Emperor Wu (Han), To Chujo (Dong Zhongshu), who was praised as the man of intelligent and good-natured literature, made a proposal to establish Gokyo hakase (the expert of Five Classics) for Ju-gaku, treating it as a legitimate learning.
Japanese: 武帝(漢)の時、賢良文学の士で挙げられた董仲舒は儒学を正統の学問として五経博士を設置することを献策した。
English: Emperor Wu accepted this proposal, and established Gokyo hakase in 136 B.C.
Japanese: 武帝はこの献策をいれ、建元(漢)5年（紀元前136年）、五経博士を設けた。
English: Conventionally, it was believed that this was what made Ju-kyo the state religion, but in current studies it is commonly believed that it was between the end of former Han and early later Han that the thought of Ju-ka spread as the national learning of thought and the system admiring Confucianist alone was established.
Japanese: 従来の通説では、このことによって儒教が国教となったとしていたが、現在の研究では儒家思想が国家の学問思想として浸透して儒家一尊体制が確立されたのは前漢末から後漢初にかけてとするのが一般的である。
English: Either way, with the establishment of Gokyo hakase, Keisho of Ju-ka was taught under national approval, and Ju-kyo became the official government learning.
Japanese: ともかく五経博士が設置されたことで、儒家の経書が国家の公認のもとに教授され、儒教が官学化した。
English: Meanwhile, Confucianist bureaucrats gradually gained ground, and by the end of former Han, many Confucians took over as chief vassals, with Confucians dominating the Chancellors.
Japanese: 同時に儒家官僚の進出も徐々に進み、前漢末になると儒者が多く重臣の地位を占めるようになり、丞相など儒者が独占する状態になる。
English: The learning of Keisho in former Han was specially restricted to only one classic, respecting the school, and following the rules and interpretations of the school told by the teacher, word for word (A study on Confucian Classics where the literature is divided into phrases, chapters and sections and their meanings or abstracts are lectured and explained).
Japanese: 前漢の経学は一経専門であり、流派を重んじて、師から伝えられる家法を守り、一字一句も変更することがなかった（章句の学）。
English: During the era of Emperor Xuan (Han), Sekkyokaku meetings were held to discuss the differences in sacred literature telling religious teachings, or in theories written in Confucian sacred literature.
Japanese: 宣帝(漢)の時には経文の異同や経説の違いを論議する石渠閣会議が開かれている。
English: Yo Yu (Yang Xiong) emerged at the end of former Han, and wrote "Taigen" imitating " I Ching," and "Hogen" imitating "Taigen" and "The Analects of Confucius" for public recognition of Confucianism.
Japanese: 前漢末には揚雄が現れ、儒教顕彰のために『易経』を模した『太玄』や『論語』を模した『法言』を著作している。
English: At the end of former Han, due to thoughts based on Saii-setsu, etc., isho, which interpreted Keisho in a manner of mysticism appeared ('Kei' means 'the warp' in weaving and 'i' means 'the woof').
Japanese: 前漢末から災異思想などによって、神秘主義的に経書を解釈した緯書が現れた（「経」には機織りの「たていと」、「緯」は「よこいと」の意味がある）。
English: Isho was prepared as shichi-i, corresponding to the shichi-kei, which added the Book of Filial Piety to Rikkei, and along with its prophecies, shin-sho (prophecy) and Toshin (prediction, prophecy), it was called Shini, and became popular from the end of former Han to later Han.
Japanese: 緯書は六経に孝経を足した七経に対して七緯が整理され、予言書である讖書や図讖（としん）と合わせて讖緯といい、前漢末から後漢にかけて流行した。
English: Meanwhile, thinkers such as Kantan and O Ju (Wang Chong) advocated atheism, and criticized Shini from their rationalistic perspective.
Japanese: 一方で桓譚や王充といった思想家は無神論を唱え、その合理主義的な立場から讖緯を非難している。
English: The manuscripts of the Five Classics used by the Gokyo hakase since former Han was copied in reisho-tai (clerical script), which was in use during the Han period, and was called Kinbun-kei.
Japanese: さて、前漢から五経博士たちが使っていた五経の写本は、漢代通行の隷書体に書き写されていて今文経といわれる。
English: On the other hand, texts called Kobun-kei from Qin and earlier days were found behind the walls of Koshi's former residence and among ordinary citizens.
Japanese: これに対して、古文経と呼ばれる孔子旧宅の壁中や民間から秦以前のテキストが、発見されていた。
English: At the end of former Han, Ryu Kin (Liu Xin) attempted to assign Kobun-kei as a gakkan (teacher), and this led to a dispute with the Kinbun-kei school.
Japanese: 前漢末、劉キンが古文経を学官に立てようとして、今文経学との学派争いを引き起こしている。
English: In the era of Hei-tei (Emperor Ping) (Han), "Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan" (Master Zuo's Commentary to the Spring and Autumns), "Girai" (Yili), "Mao shi" (Classic Poetry, Book of Odes), and "Shosho" (Classic of History) were assigned as gakkan, and in the Shin-cho (Xin Dynasty), "Rites of Zhou."
Japanese: 平帝(漢)の時には『春秋左氏伝』『儀礼』『毛詩』『尚書』が、新朝では『周礼』が学官に立てられた。
English: In the later Han, Kobun-kei was never assigned as gakkan, but they gained influence by advancing the study on interpretation of the meaning of old characters, words and phrases of the sacred texts among ordinary citizens.
Japanese: 後漢になると、古文経が学官に立てられることはなかったものの、民間において経伝の訓詁解釈学を発展させて力をつけていった。
English: In the era of Sho-tei (Emperor Zhang) (Han), Byakkokan Meeting was held to debate on differences in the manuscripts of Kinbun-kei, and while the Kobun learning came under attack, some of their interpretations were adopted.
Japanese: 章帝(漢)の時に今文経の写本の異同を論じる白虎観会議が開かれたが、この中で古文学は攻撃に晒されながらも、その解釈がいくらか採用されている。
English: While the Kinbun learning was specially restricted to only one classic and strictly followed the rules and interpretations of the school, the Kobun learning studied all of the Rikkei, sometimes adopting theories from other schools such as Kinbun, and aimed at a comprehensive interpretation of the Keisho.
Japanese: 古文学は、今文学が一経専門で家法を頑なに遵守したのに対して、六経すべてを兼修し、ときには今文学など他学派の学説をとりいれつつ、経書を総合的に解釈することを目指した。
English: Ka Ki (Han) honored the "Sashi-den" (Zuo Zhuan), connecting it to Shini as a book describing Han's receiving of providence.
Japanese: 賈逵(漢)（かき）は『左氏伝』を讖緯と結びつけて漢王朝受命を説明する書だと顕彰した。
English: His disciple, Kyoshin (Xu Shen), wrote "Setsumon-kaiji" (Shuowen Jiezi) to deny the legitimacy of character interpretation based on Kinbun, and made a significant contribution to the development of Kobun learning.
Japanese: その弟子、許慎は『説文解字』を著して今文による文字解釈の妥当性を否定し、古文学の発展に大きく寄与している。
English: His disciple, Jo Gen (Zheng Xuan) developed a theory centered around Sanreichu and running through the entire Five Classics without contradictions, and compiled the learning of Keisho in the Han Dynasty.
Japanese: その弟子、鄭玄（じょうげん）は三礼注を中心に五経全体に矛盾なく貫通する理論を構築し、漢代経学を集大成した。
English: Riiku criticized Sashi learning through "Nansashigi," and participated in the Byakkokan Meeting to attack Ka Ki.
Japanese: 李育は『難左氏義』によって左氏学を批判し、白虎観会議に参加して賈逵を攻撃した。
English: Ka Kyu wrote an annotation for the "Kuyoden" with his extensive knowledge and summarized it in "Shunjukuyo-kaiko" (Interpretation of Annotation of Gongyang on Spring and Autumn Annals).
Japanese: 何休は博学をもって『公羊伝』に注を作り、『春秋公羊解詁』にまとめた。
English: Additionally, he wrote "Kuyo-bokushu" to honor Kuyo learning and wrote "Sashikoko" to attack Sashi learning.
Japanese: また、『公羊墨守』を著作して公羊学を顕彰するとともに、『左氏膏肓』を著作して左氏学を攻撃した。
English: Ka Kyu was rebutted by Jo Gen, and since then, no Taishi (a master and assistant of emperor in the ancient China) of Kinbun learning appeared, and Kinbun learning declined, pushed aside by Kobun learning.
Japanese: 何休は鄭玄によって論駁され、以後、今文学に大師が出ることもなく、今文学は古文学に押されて衰退していった。
English: In the Wei Dynasty (Three States Period), O Shuku (Wang Su) rebutted Jo Gen and created annotations for almost all classics, and most of these annotations for classics were assigned as gakkan.
Japanese: 魏(三国)に入ると、王粛（おうしゅく）が鄭玄を反駁してほぼ全経に注を作り、その経注のほとんどが魏の学官に立てられた。
English: In the Western Jin Dynasty, To Yo (Du Yu) wrote "Shunjukeidenshikkai" (the Compiled Annotations of the Spring and Autumn Classic and its Commentary), an annotation for "Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan" (Master Zuo's Commentary to the Spring and Autumns), and created his original example-based interpretation of Shunju (Spring and Autumn Annals) to complete the Shunju learning based on commentary of Zuo.
Japanese: 西晋では杜預（どよ）が『春秋左氏伝』に注して『春秋経伝集解』を作り、独自の春秋義例を作って左伝に基づく春秋学を完成させた。
English: The learning which flourished in this period was Xuanxue (Neotaoism) based on the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi and "I Ching" (Classic of Changes), and some wrote annotations for Ju-kyo Keisho from the Xuanxue side.
Japanese: この時代に隆盛した学問は老荘思想と『易』に基づく玄学であるが、玄学の側からも儒教の経書に注を作るものが現れた。
English: For example, Wang Bi wrote "Annotation of Zhouyi" which was an annotation for Hi-shi Eki (Mr. Hi's divination) and Ka An (He Yan) created "The Collected Annotations of the Analects of Confucius" (sound of Seishi - academic traditions starting from Seishi era).
Japanese: 王弼は費氏易に注して『周易注』を作り、何晏（かあん）は『論語集解』を作った（正始の音）。
English: Additionally, in Go (Three Kingdoms), there was Gu Hon who passed along Moshi's divination in Kinbun and I Sho who left "Annotation of Kokugo" (history book on Chinese Spring and Autumn Period).
Japanese: また呉(三国)には今文孟氏易を伝えた虞翻、『国語注』を遺した韋昭がいる。
English: The Eika War occurred at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, and many traditions of Kinbun-kei learning ended.
Japanese: 西晋末には永嘉の乱が起こり、これによって今文経学の多くの伝承が途絶えた。
English: In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Bai Saku presented to the Emperor, something called 58 Volumes of "The Old Text version of Classic of History" with the Commentary of Ko Ankoku (the Commentary of Kong Anguo) attached, for "The Old Text version of Classic of History" which was lost in the Eika War, but it was proved by En Jakkyo (Yan Ruoju) of Qing that it was forged (they are called the forged Old Text version of Classic of History).
Japanese: 東晋になると、永嘉の乱で亡佚していた『古文尚書』に対して梅サク（ばいさく）が孔安国伝が付された『古文尚書』58篇なるものを奏上したが、清の閻若キョ（えんじゃっきょ）によって偽作であることが証明されている（偽古文尚書・偽孔伝という）。
English: In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), Ju-gaku in the Southern Dynasty (China) was called south learning, and Ju-gaku in the Northern Dynasty (China) was called north learning.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(中国)、南朝(中国)の儒学を南学、北朝(中国)の儒学を北学という。
English: Ju-kyo did not prosper much in the Southern Dynasty, but in the era of Sho En (Xiao Yan) of Liang (Southern Dynasty), Gokyo hakase was established and Ju-kyo flourished temporarily.
Japanese: 南朝ではあまり儒教は振るわなかったが、梁(南朝)の蕭衍の時には五経博士が置かれ、一時儒教が盛んになったという。
English: In the south learning, a method of learning from Gi Shin was adopted, and annotation by Jo Gen such as "Mao shi," 'Sanrai' (three classical texts on rites), as well as annotation by Wang Bi for "Zhouyi," Gikoden for "Shosho," and annotation by To Yo for "Shunju" were honored.
Japanese: 南学では魏晋の学風が踏襲され、『毛詩』「三礼」の鄭玄注以外に、『周易』は王弼注、『尚書』は偽孔伝、『春秋』は杜預注が尊ばれた。
English: They did not dwell on rules and interpretations of the school, and exercised a thought adopting Xuanxue and Buddhist theories.
Japanese: あまり家法に拘ることもなく、玄学や仏教理論も取り込んだ思想が行われた。
English: During this period, influenced by the learning of Gisho (Annotated Commentaries), which was the interpretation learning of the Buddhist scripture, Giso for Ju-kyo Keisho began to be created.
Japanese: この時代、仏教の経典解釈学である義疏（ぎしょ）の学の影響を受けて、儒教の経書にも義疏（ぎそ）が作られはじめた。
English: However, in Ju-kyo, interpretation learning of old words such as creating annotations for annotations from Han and Wei was called 'so.'
Japanese: ただし、儒教では漢魏の注についてさらに注釈を施すといった訓詁学的なものを「疏」と呼ぶようになっていった。
English: Examples are "Interpretation Learning of Classic of History" by Hi Kan (the character for Kan is 虎+甘) of Liang and "Interpretation Learning of the Analects of Confucius" by O Gan.
Japanese: 梁の費カン（ひかん、「かん」は虎＋甘）の『尚書義疏』や皇侃（おうがん）の『論語義疏』がある。
English: While "Interpretation Learning of Classics of History" was passed on to the north to be covered in north learning, and became the basis for "The Correct Annotation of the Classics of History" of Tang, "Interpretation Learning of the Analects of Confucius" was passed on to today without becoming lost.
Japanese: 『尚書義疏』は北方に伝わって北学でも取りあげられ、唐の『尚書正義』のもとになり、『論語義疏』は亡佚することなく現在まで伝えられている。
English: Buddhism and Xuanxue became popular in the Northern Dynasty as well, but Ju-kyo was fairly popular, and particularly Northern Zhou, as the name of the nation suggests, honored the Zhou Dynasty as their ideal and suppressed Buddhism.
Japanese: 北朝でも仏教・玄学が流行したが、わりあい儒教が盛んであり、特に北周ではその国名が示すとおり周王朝を理想として儒教を顕彰し仏教を抑制した。
English: In the Northern Dynasty, Kobun learning of later Han was practiced, and "Zhouyi," "Shujing," "Mao shi," and 'Sanrai' honored annotations by Jo Gen, "Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan," the annotation by Fukken of later Han, and "Shunju Kuyo-den," the annotation by Ka Kyu of later Han.
Japanese: 北朝では後漢の古文学が行われ、『周易』・『書経』・『毛詩』「三礼」は鄭玄注、『春秋左氏伝』は後漢の服虔（ふっけん）の注、『春秋公羊伝』は後漢の何休の注が尊ばれた。
English: There was Jo Junmei in Northern Wei, and the learning of Keisho other than "Mao shi" by Ryu Kenshi were all born from his disciples.
Japanese: 北魏には徐遵明（じょじゅんめい）がおり、劉献之の『毛詩』を除く経学はすべて彼の門下から出た。
English: Among the disciples was Yu Ansei of Northern Zhou, who was especially knowledgeable about Sanrai, and wrote "Interpretation Learning of Raiki" etc.
Japanese: その門下に北周の熊安生（ゆうあんせい）がおり、とりわけ三礼に通じて『礼記義疏』などの著作がある。
English: Yu Ansei's disciples included the two major scholars of Sui, Ryu Shaku and Ryu Gen.
Japanese: 熊安生の門下からは隋の二大学者である劉シャク（りゅうしゃく）・劉炫（りゅうげん）が出た。
English: Since Sui, from the Northern Dynasty line, unified China, Ju-gaku in early Sui was mainly northern learning, but in the era of Yo-dai (Emperor Yang), the two Ryu, Ryu Shaku and Ryu Gen appeared, and integrated northern and southern Ju-gaku by taking up "Interpretation Learning of Classical History" by Hi Kan and creating Giso for southern learning annotations.
Japanese: 北朝系の隋が中国を統一したので、隋初の儒学は北学中心であったが、煬帝の時、劉シャク（りゅうしゃく）・劉炫（りゅうげん）の二劉が出、費カンの『尚書義疏』を取りあげたり、南学系の注に義疏を作ったりして南北の儒学を総合した。
English: "Interpretation Learning of the Five Classics" by Ryu Shaku and "Interpretation Learning of Spring and Autumn Annals," "Interpretation Learning of Classical History," and "Interpretation Learning of Classical Poetry" by Ryu Gen became the original texts for "Correct Interpretation Learning of the Five Classics" of Tang.
Japanese: 劉シャクの『五経述義』、劉炫の『春秋述義』『尚書述義』『毛詩述義』は唐の『五経正義』の底本となった。
English: He acknowledged himself as a successor of a strain of learning from the Duke of Zhou to Koshi, and created 'The Next Classic' a continuation of the Rikkei.
Japanese: 彼は自らを周公から孔子への学統を継ぐものと自認し、六経の続編という「続経」を作った。