nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Since the government force was completely defeated by Choshu clan led by Masujiro OMURA in the Choshu Conquest, Iwami Province in 1866 and the territory of Hamada Domain was captured, Kawata left the clan with comrades and escaped to Choshu Domain.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）長州征討の石見国口において大村益次郎率いる長州軍に幕府側が大敗し、浜田藩領が攻略されると、河田は同志と共に脱藩して長州藩へ逃れた。
English: Although he planed to pioneer the Ezo area later with Ryoma SAKAMOTO, who was a masterless samurai left from Tosa clan, it did not come through.
Japanese: その後、土佐藩脱藩浪士坂本龍馬らと蝦夷地開拓を計画するが、頓挫した。
English: Choshu clan that was Emperor's enemy was forgiven by the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule in 1867 and Kawata returned to Tottori Domain due to samurai of the Choshu clan coming to the capital for overthrowing the Shogunate.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）王政復古の大号令により朝敵であった長州藩が宥免され、倒幕のために長州藩兵が上京したのに伴い、河田らも鳥取に帰藩。
English: After Boshin War broke out next year, he joined Tosan-do Road spearhead army (governor-general was Tomosada IWAKURA, general staff was Taisuke ITAGAKI) to become a general staff of samurai of Tottori clan.
Japanese: 翌年の戊辰戦争勃発後は、東山道先鋒軍（総督は岩倉具定、参謀は板垣退助）に加わり、鳥取藩兵参謀となる。
English: His achievements were recognized so that he was given Shotenroku (premium) 450 koku (the highest amount in feudal retainers of Tottori Domain).
Japanese: これらの活躍が認められ、賞典禄450石（鳥取藩士としては最高額）を与えられた。
English: On October 28, 1868 after the new era began, he was appointed to constitute prefecture at the beginning of Meiji, Nichien Province magistrate, and to be a judge to start working as a high official of the new government.
Japanese: 元号が代わって明治元年（1868年）10月28日遠国奉行明治初期の府の設置と変遷判事に任じられ、新政府高官としての活躍が始まる。
English: Also he successively held a Daisanji (second to a governor) and rusu hangan (judge while the master judge's away) of Kyoto prefecture, a danjodai (Board of Censors) (in Meiji period), a Daisanji of Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) and Fukuoka Domain and so on.
Japanese: さらに京都府大参事兼留守判官、弾正台弾正台(明治時代)、民部省兼福岡藩大参事などを歴任。
English: Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was carried out in July, 1871 and he became the first Tottori prefectural local governor (equivalent to the present-day prefectural governor) in November of the same year.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）7月に断行された廃藩置県を受け、同年11月に初代鳥取県権令（現在の県知事に相当）となった。
English: He was buried at Baisoin Temple in Minami Aoyama, Minato Ward, Tokyo Prefecture and buried again at Tama cemetery in Fuchu City (Tokyo Prefecture) later.
Japanese: 東京都港区(東京都)南青山の梅窓院に葬られ、後に府中市(東京都)の多磨霊園に改葬された。
English: Itsuun KINOSHITA (September 19, 1800, to September 12, 1866) was a nanga painter (an original style of painting in the Edo period which had a great deal of influence from the Chinese Nanga style) during the latter part of the Edo period.
Japanese: 木下逸雲（きのしたいつうん、寛政12年8月1日(旧暦)（1800年9月19日）-慶応2年8月4日(旧暦)（1866年9月12日））は、江戸時代後期の長崎の南画。
English: He inherited the role of "Otona," or the head of a village, which had been assumed by the Kinoshita family for generations in 1817, transferred the role to his elder brother in 1829, and started working as a medical doctor, which had been his initial interest, using Tokushodo as his professional name.
Japanese: 文化(元号)14年（1817年）、18歳で木下家代々の乙名（名主）の役を引き継ぐも、文政12年（1829年）にその役を兄の子に譲り、自身は元来関心のあった医師を生業とし、医門名を得生堂と称した。
English: Itsuun first learned nanga painting from Yushi ISHIZAKI, a karae-mekiki (one of the services of Nagasaki Magistrate's Office in charge of evaluation of artistic articles exported from China and sketching of traded items, birds and animals) and mastered the technique of nanga from Chinese painters who came to Japan, Jiang Jiapu and Zhang Quigu.
Japanese: 画は、はじめ唐絵目利の石崎融思に学び、来舶清人の江稼圃・張秋谷からは南画の技法を修めた。
English: He ardently studied the techniques of various painting schools including Sesshu, the Kano School, Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes), and the Maruyama Shijo School and the Western oil painting and incorporated them into his own technique.
Japanese: さらに雪舟、狩野派・大和絵・円山四条派などの諸派や洋画の画法を熱心に研究し、様々な技法を取り入れた。
English: Known for his versatility, he was an expert in calligraphy, tenkoku (seal-engraving), performance and production of biwa (Japanese lute), and green tea ceremony, and composed excellent waka poems under the name of Fujiwara Saisho.
Japanese: 逸雲は多芸多才で知られ、書・篆刻を能くし、琵琶の演奏・制作に巧みで、煎茶道をたしなみ、藤原相宰の名で優れた和歌を詠んだ。
English: He contributed to the development of Kameyama-yaki ceramic ware (Nagasaki), known for its white porcelain sometsuke (ceramics with blue patterns on white backgrounds), and hand-painted the porcelain himself.
Japanese: また白磁染付で知られる亀山焼(長崎)の発展に尽くし、自ら絵付けも行っている。
English: He took the role of steward for Seitan-kai, an art exhibition, at Kagetsu-ro building in Maruyama, Nagasaki, promoting cultural exchange between Japan and China.
Japanese: 長崎丸山(長崎市)花月楼(長崎)清譚会の世話役を務め、日中文化交流を促した。
English: In April 1866, he made a tour around Kyoto, Osaka and Edo, and boarded a British ship, Kokuryu-go, heading for Nagasaki at Yokohama in August, but died in a shipwreck off Genkai-nada Sea.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）4月、京阪・江戸に漫遊し、同年8月横浜市から長崎行きのイギリス船黒龍号に乗船するも、玄界灘で海難事故に遭い、帰らぬ人となった。
English: Chikaie TOMIDA (dates of birth and death unknown) was a samurai from the Kodama Party of Musashi Province (today's Honjo city, Saitama prefecture) in the beginning of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 富田親家（とみだちかいえ、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉時代初期の武蔵国児玉党の武士（現在の埼玉県本庄市出身）。
English: Born as the third son of Ieyuki KODAMA, the third family head of the Kodama Clan, the head family of the Kodama party, Chikaie was given the demesne of Tomita in Wakaizumi-sho, Kodama-gun (today's Tomida, Honjo city) and relocated to Horinouchi, Nishi-tomida.
Japanese: 児玉党の本宗家3代目である児玉家行の三男として生まれ、父家行より児玉郡大寄郷若泉庄の富田（現在の本庄市大字富田）の領地を与えられ、西富田堀の内に移住。
English: He had two elder brothers, Iehiro SHO, the fourth head of the head family of Kodama Party, and Ieto SHIONOYA (therefore, the Sho clan and the Shionoya clan of the Kodama Party were of the same origin).
Japanese: 兄は2人おり、児玉党本宗家4代目である庄家弘と塩谷家遠がいる（その為、庄氏と児玉党系塩谷氏は同族である）。
English: He saved himself because of the popularity in Bando as a brawny samurai.
Japanese: 怪力を誇った武士として坂東にその名を知られており、そのおかげで助かった経歴をもつ。
English: When Yoshimori WADA raised an army to defeat the Hojo clan in 1213 (Battle of Wada), Chikaie sided with the Wada clan and was arrested by the army of the Kamakura shogunate (but he was sent alive to Kamakura, Sagami Province, because the shogunate army intended to show how brawny he was to the shogun family).
Japanese: 建保元年（1213年）、和田義盛が北条氏打倒の為、挙兵した際（和田合戦）、親家は和田氏軍に味方して出陣し、幕府軍に捕らえられた（将軍家に親家の力芸を観させる為、そのまま相模国鎌倉に送られた）。
English: The third shogun Sanetomo MINAMOTO, who heard Chikaie can lift up kanae (tripod kettle) and crush rocks, called Chikaie, gave him elk antlers, and ordered him to break them.
Japanese: 鼎（かなえ）を持ち上げ、石をも砕くと言う親家の怪力話を聞いた三代将軍源実朝が親家を呼び、その怪力を試すべく、大鹿の角を差し出し、これを折る様に指示した。
English: Chikaie broke two of the antlers together and impressed Sanetomo and all others that were present, the feat of which allowed him to be exempted from the punishment and to newly obtain a demesne in Kii Province.
Japanese: 親家はこれを2本同時に折って見せ、実朝と列座していた一同を関心させ、その罪を許されて、紀伊国の領地を与えられた。
English: According to Azuma Kagami (The Mirrors of the East), he felt deeply indebted for it and continued to stay as a royal retainer of the Kamakura shogunate, and his children also royally served the shogunate (the chronicle recorded his exploit together with his sons at the Jokyu War and his death in action).
Japanese: 親家はこれに深い恩義を感じ、それ以後、忠臣として活動し続け、その子孫も忠義を尽くしたと『吾妻鑑』に載る（承久の乱で子息達の活躍と討死に等が記されている）。
English: Antlers of elks from Oshu, which were believed to be broken by Chikaie, measure about 90 cm long and about 20 cm ?.
Japanese: 親家がへし折ったとされる奥州産の大鹿の角は、長さが3尺（約90cm）、方7寸（約20cm）にもなり、これをへし折った。
English: Since antlers are made of bone, they require tremendous muscular power, and it stands to reason the people of the shogunate admired by Chikaie's strength.
Japanese: 鹿の角は骨から成るからこれをへし折った親家の腕力に将軍家が感心するのも当然と言える。
English: His life was spared only because of his great muscular strength, and he was even given a demesne although he was originally with the enemy's side (what Chikaie showed was a muscular feat, not a military art).
Japanese: 大力と言う理由だけで助命されたうえ、敵兵でありながら領地まで与えられた（何度も記すが、親家が見せたのは、武芸ではなく、力芸である）。
English: In the Battle of Wada, some samurai bands, such as the Wada clan and Yokoyama party, suffered from damages so seriously that the entire clan was almost destroyed, so this episode of Chikaie's is very outstanding under those circumstances.
Japanese: この和田合戦では、和田氏を初め、横山党など、一族が滅ぶほどの被害を受けた武士団もあり、その中でも異彩を放つ逸話となっている。
English: In December 19, 702, Iwayu who served as the director of Ise Province was granted "fuko 10-households," fuko means a vassal household allotted to a courtier, at the time of Emperor Jito's visit to Ise Province.
Japanese: 大宝(日本)2年（702年）11月22日、伊勢国国守であった石湯は持統天皇の伊勢国行幸に際し封戸10戸を下賜される。
English: In 709, for the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in eastern Japan, FUJIWARA no Kosemaro was appointed as Mutsu chinto shogun (generalissimo who subdues the barbarians of Mutsu), Iwayu was appointed as generalissimo who subdues the barbarians of Echigo Ez, and KI no Morohito was appointed as vice-shogun respectively to subdue Eso in Mutsu and Echigo.
Japanese: 和銅2年（709年）、蝦夷征討において巨勢麻呂が陸奥鎮東将軍に、石湯が征越後蝦夷将軍に、紀諸人が副将軍に任じられ陸奥、越後の蝦夷討伐を行なった。
English: At this time, Iwayu was granted setto (a sword given by the emperor in the symbol of his trust to the appointment of someone to a mission), and after this, granting setto in the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in eastern Japan became a custom.
Japanese: このとき石湯は節刀を賜り、その後の蝦夷征討では節刀を賜ることが慣例となった。
English: This subjection was conducted for five months, from March to August by soldiers in Kanto and Hokuriku.
Japanese: この討伐は関東から北陸の兵をもって3月から8月までの約5ヶ月間行なわれた。
English: Due to this subjection, they succeeded in establishing control over the whole area of northern Echigo (Ideha gun (Ideha district), Echigo Province), and its three years later, in 712, Dewa Province was established.
Japanese: この討伐により越後北部一帯（越後国出羽郡）の支配を確立することに成功し、討伐の3年後の和銅5年（712年）出羽国が設置された。
English: He served as Shogun in Choga no Rei (retainers' New Year's greeting to the emperor), for his services in conquest of ezo (OTOMO no Tabito served as Sashogun).
Japanese: 和銅3年（710年）の朝賀の礼では蝦夷討伐の功により将軍を務めた（左将軍は大伴旅人）。
English: After this, since his name didn't appear in any existing historical documents, his later life is unknown.
Japanese: 以降については現存する史料に石湯の名が登場することがないため不明である。
English: MONONOBE no Omae (the years of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Mononobe clan, an ancient powerful family, around the era of Imperial Court of Emperor Anko.
Japanese: 物部小前（もののべのおまえ、生没年不詳）は安康天皇朝頃の古代豪族物部氏の人物である。
English: Although Tenson hongi (the original record of the heavenly grandchild) in "Kujiki" (ancient Japanese historical text) says he was 'MONONOBE no Omae no Sukune no Murajikimi', was a son of MONONOBE no Mukiri, was a younger brother of MONONOBE no Oomae and was 'Motoi no Omuraji, Ji no Osukune, Hosai Jingu', there is no other record of which he became Omuraji.
Japanese: また、『旧事紀』天孫本紀では「物部小前宿祢連公」に作り、物部麦入（むきり）の子で、物部大前（おおまえ）の弟とし、「元為大連、次為大宿祢、奉斎神宮」と記すが、大連となった記録は他に見えない。
English: In the section of Emperor Ingyo in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), it is recorded that 'Oomae komae no sukune no oomi' appeared as if Oomae were one person at the scene at which ANAHO no miko (Emperor Anko) caught KINASHI no karunomiko and sheltered Prince at first, but demoted to ANAHO no miko later.
Japanese: 『古事記』允恭天皇段で、穴穂御子（安康天皇）が木梨軽皇子を捕らえる場面では、「大前小前宿祢大臣」と大前と1人の人物の如く登場し、初め太子を匿うものの、後に穴穂御子に降る様子が記されている。
English: Although the same event is recorded in the section of a period before Emperor Anko enthronement in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), only Oomae appeared in it and there is a song (miyahitoburi) saying 'Oomae komae no sukune, and the like' (since this song is the same as that of the Emperor Ingyo section in "Kojiki", it is said this was taken from a tradition of "Kojiki" [Iwanami Japanese classics literature compendium "Nihonshoki One", 1967]).
Japanese: また『日本紀』安康天皇即位前紀でも同様の事件を記すが、そこでは大前のみが登場し、歌謡（宮人振）において「大前小前宿祢が云々」と歌われている（もっともこの歌謡は『古事記』允恭天皇段のものと同じなので、『古事記』の伝承から採られたものとされている（岩波古典文学大系『日本書記上』、昭和42））。
English: According to Shinsen Shojiroku, it is written he was an ancestor of TAKAHASHI no Muraji (Shinbetsu [clans branched out of a family of god] of Yamashiro Province) and TOMI no Muraji (Shinbetsu of Kawachi Province) but also written that he was an ancestor of TABE no Muraji in "Tenson hongi" (the original record of the heavenly grandchild).
Japanese: 『新撰姓氏録』によれば、高橋連（山城国神別）、鳥見連（河内国神別）2氏の祖先とされているが、その他『天孫本紀』には田部連の祖とも記されている。
English: There is also a theory that doubts its existence since MONONOBE no Oomae komae no sukune was treated as brothers of Oomae and Komae without notice.
Japanese: なお、物部大前小前宿祢がいつしか大前と小前の兄弟と扱われる様になったもので、その存在を疑う説もある。
English: SAEKI no Matanari (date of birth unknown - 757) was a noble in the Nara Period.
Japanese: 佐伯全成（さえきのまたなり、?-天平勝宝9歳（757年））は、奈良時代の貴族。
English: In 743, TACHIBANA no Naramaro urged Matanari to raise a rebellion by installing Prince Kibumi as the Crown Prince.
Japanese: 天平15年（743年）、橘奈良麻呂から皇太子に黄文王を据えるよう謀反を唆されるが全成は拒絶。
English: During this period, Matanari is believed to have engaged in the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in the Eastern Japan and the political affairs of Mutsu Province as Mutsu no Kuni no Suke (the assistant governor of Mutsu Province).
Japanese: この時期全成は陸奥国介として蝦夷征討や陸奥国の政務についていたものと考えられている。
English: In 749, Kyofuku KUDARANOKONIKISHI, who was Mutsuno Kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) then, found gold in Japan, where gold had never been found until then, and presented it (900 ryo) to Emperor Shomu.
Japanese: 天平21年（749年）、当時金の産出がなされていなかった日本において陸奥守百済王敬福が黄金を発見し黄金900両を聖武天皇に献上した。
English: Since he was in need for a huge amount of gold for building Todai-ji Temple, Emperor Shomu became frenzied with joy about this gold, so he changed the era from Tenpyo into Tenpyo Kanpo, and on May 11 in the same year, Matanari, the former Mutsu no Kuni no Suke, was promoted to Shogoinojo (Senior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade).
Japanese: 東大寺の造営に多量の金を必要としていた聖武天皇はこれに狂喜し元号を天平から天平感宝に改め、同年5月11日、元陸奥国介であった全成も正五位上に昇進した。
English: Further, on May 26, 752, when Kyofuku KUDARANOKONIKISHI was appointed to be Hitachi no Kami (the governor of Hitachi Province), Matanari was appointed to become Mutsu no Kami in order to take over his place.
Japanese: さらに天平勝宝4年（752年）5月26日、百済王敬福が常陸守に任ぜられるとその後任として陸奥守に任ぜられた。
English: Matanari also was the head of Kumemai dance at the service for the consecration of the Rushana Great Buddha of Todai-ji on April 9.
Japanese: また全成は4月9日の東大寺廬舎那大仏開眼供養において久米舞舞頭を務めている。
English: In November, 749, when Emperor Shomu abdicated the throne and Empress Koken acceeded, Matanari was again approached by Naramaro to take part in a rebellion.
Japanese: 聖武天皇が譲位し孝謙天皇が即位した天平勝宝（749年）11月、全成は再び奈良麻呂から謀反の計画を謀られていた。
English: In april, 756, when Shomu Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor) was sick, Matanari took gold to Kyoto from Mutsu, he was approched by Naramaro to be part of the rebellion for the third time.
Japanese: 天平勝宝8歳（756年）4月、聖武太上天皇不予の際黄金を納めるため陸奥より上京した全成は奈良麻呂から三度目の謀反計画を謀られた。
English: The rebellion plan was to back up Prince Kibumi by leading both the SAEKI and OTOMO clans with OTOMO no Komaro in order to purge the group of Nakamaro, but both of them rejected it.
Japanese: 大伴古麻呂とともに佐伯・大伴両氏族を率いて黄文王を擁立し仲麻呂派を除こうというものであったが、両者はこれを拒絶した。
English: On June 4, 756, with the demise of Shomu Daijo Tenno, Funado no Okimi was installed as the Crown Prince of Empress Koken according to the will.
Japanese: 同年6月4日、聖武太上天皇が崩御すると孝謙天皇の皇太子には遺言により道祖王が立太子された。
English: However, in March, 757, when Funado no Okimi was deposed because Empress Koken was displeased with him, Oi no Okimi, backed up by Nakamaro, was installed as the Crown Prince in May.
Japanese: しかし，翌天平宝字元年（757年）3月、道祖王が孝謙天皇の不興を受けたため廃太子となると、5月に仲麻呂が推す大炊王が立太子された。
English: This incident made the confrontation between the group of Naramaro and the group of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro even more severe.
Japanese: この一件により奈良麻呂派と藤原仲麻呂派の対立は抜き差しならぬものとなった。
English: This confrontation was caused by the fact that being from the FUJIWARA clan herself, Empress Komyo (Komyoshi), the mother of Empress Koken, favored Nakamaro, which enabled him to gain power rapidly.
Japanese: 対立の原因は孝謙天皇の母光明皇后（光明子）が藤原氏出身であり、仲麻呂が孝謙天皇の寵愛を受けていたためそれを背景に仲麻呂が急速に台頭していたからである。
English: On June 16, 757, OTOMO no Komaro bacame the Commander-in-Chief of the Defense for Mutsu Province, and Matanari took the position of the Vice-Shogun of the Defense for Mutsu.
Japanese: 天平勝宝9歳（757年）6月16日、大伴古麻呂が陸奥鎮守将軍となり、全成は陸奥鎮守副将軍兼任となる。
English: These personnel appointments were virtually demotions planned by Nakamaro, who wanted to banish Komaro from the center, who was regarded as part of the group of Naramaro.
Japanese: この人事は奈良麻呂派とみられていた古麻呂を中央から放逐したいと考えていた仲麻呂による事実上の左遷人事であった。
English: Matanari was also regarded as part of the group of Nakamaro, so these personnel appointments were made in order to keep him inside Mutsu for good.
Japanese: 全成もまた仲麻呂派とみなされていたためずっと陸奥に閉じ込めておくための人事であったと考えられる。
English: After mid-June, the group of Naramaro had meetings for conspiracy against Nakamaro at such places as the residence of Naramaro.
Japanese: 6月中旬以降、奈良麻呂派は奈良麻呂邸などで反仲麻呂派の謀議をもつようになった。
English: OTOMO no Komaro and Ono no Azumahito attended these meetings, but it is not known whether Matanari did too.
Japanese: 大伴古麻呂や小野東人は参加していたものの，全成が一連の謀議に参加していたかどうかは定かではない。
English: However, the conspiracy was disclosed on June 28, when Yamashiro no Okimi informed Empress Koken on that "Naramaro will surround the residence of Nakamaro with his troops."
Japanese: しかし、この謀議は6月28日、山背王が孝謙天皇に「奈良麻呂が兵をもって仲麻呂邸を囲む」旨を密告し露見することとなった。
English: On July 2, in response to Kamitsumichi no Hitatsu's information that he was approached by Ono no Azumahito to be in part of the rebellion planned by Naramaro and others, Nakamaro instantly led the troops of Chuefu (guard) to surround the residence of Funado no Okimi, the former Crown Orince, and capture Ono no Azumahito and others to throw them into jail of Sa-Ejifu (the revolt of TACHIBANA no Naramaro).
Japanese: 7月2日、上道斐太都が小野東人から奈良麻呂らの謀反への参加を呼びかけられたと仲麻呂へ密告したことにより、仲麻呂は直ちに中衛府の兵を動かして前皇太子道祖王の邸を包囲し、小野東人らを捕らえて左衛士府の獄に下した（橘奈良麻呂の乱）。
English: In the revolt of TACHIBANA no Naramaro, many of those against Nakamaro who had nothing to do with the rebellion itself were also captured, and many of them died after being tortured or were deported after their official court ranks were deprived, so Matanari is considered as one of those people.
Japanese: 橘奈良麻呂の乱では謀反に無関係であった反仲麻呂派の者も数多く捕らえられ、拷問の後に死亡したり官位を剥奪された上で流刑となった者も多いため全成もそういった人物の一人ではないかと考えられている。
English: After Kageyoshi OBA, who played an important role in the early days of the Kamakura period as an elder, went into priesthood, Kagekane took over as the head of the family.
Japanese: 草創期の鎌倉幕府において、長老格として重きをなした大庭景義の出家後、家督を継ぐ。
English: It is estimated that he disappeared or fell from power during the Battle of Wada in 1213, one of the greatest events in the history of purging of powerful samurai by Yoshitoki HOJO.
Japanese: 北条義時の有力武士粛清の歴史の中でも最大の事件である建保元年（1213年）の和田合戦の渦中で消息を絶ったか、失脚したと想定される。
English: Kagetsura OBA, who was assigned to jito (manager and lord of manor) of Bingo Province in the same year, is assumed to be either a brother, son, or a close blood relative of Kagekane.
Japanese: 同年に備後国の地頭に任じられている大庭景連は、その兄弟か子息、あるいは近親者と思われる。
English: Senichi SHIRANE (February 3, 1850 - June 14, 1898) was an official of the Ministry of Home Affairs and a politician during the Meiji period in Japan.
Japanese: 白根専一（しらねせんいち、嘉永2年12月22日(旧暦)（1850年2月3日）-明治31年（1898年）6月14日）は日本の明治時代の内務官僚、政治家。
English: He was born on February 3, 1850 as the second son of Tasuke SHIRANE, who was a feudal retainer of Choshu Domain and who later became the governor of Saitama Prefecture.
Japanese: 嘉永2年12月22日（1850年2月3日）、長州藩士で後の埼玉県令、白根太助の次男に生まれる。
English: In May 1890, he became the vice minister under the Minister of Home Affairs Tsugumichi SAIGO during the shuffle of the First Yamagata cabinet.
Japanese: 翌明治23年5月、第1次山縣内閣の内閣改造時に西郷従道内務大臣のもとで内務次官となる。
English: He was also involved with establishing of the Central Negotiation Committee and the National Society (Japan).
Japanese: 明治25年（1892年）の中央交渉会、国民協会(日本)の成立にも関与。
English: Between 1891 and 1892, he held a post as the vice minister under the Minister of Home Affairs Yajiro SHINAGAWA for the first Matsukata cabinet.
Japanese: 明治24年-25年（1891年-1892年）の第1次松方内閣では、内務大臣品川弥二郎の下で、引き続き内務次官を務める。
English: At the time of the second Lower House general election in 1892, Shinagawa and Shirane pressured the Minto party (the general term for the political parties such as Liberal Party and Progressive Party which conflicted with a han-dominated government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) by manipulating the well-connected influential regional governors and police in order to interfere with the election on a large scale.
Japanese: 明治25年（1892年）の第2回衆議院議員総選挙において、品川と白根は、つながりの深い「古参地方官」（地方の有力知事）や警察を動かして大規模な選挙干渉を行い民党側を圧迫。
English: At a later date, Shinagawa was pursued about his responsibility over the campaign interference, and as he was sickened by the way the Matsukata cabinet handled the situation, he resigned himself from the post.
Japanese: 後日、品川は選挙干渉の責任を追及され、これに関する松方内閣の対応に辟易して辞任。
English: Shirane reacted against Shinagawa's successor, Taneomi Soejima, who forcefully accused the responsible officials involved in the campaign interference and tried to punish them, and he forced Soejima to step down from the post.
Japanese: 白根は後任の内務大臣副島種臣が選挙干渉の責任者の処分を断行しようとしたことに反発してこれを辞任に追い込む。
English: However, Matsukata eventually dismissed Shirane, which led to the disturbance within the first Matsukata cabinet and caused it to collapse as a result of clash of opinions within the cabinet.
Japanese: しかし松方は最終的に白根を罷免し、動揺した第1次松方内閣は閣内意見の対立から8月に崩壊する。
English: In October 1895, he became the Minister of Communication at that time of the shuffle of the second Ito cabinet (held between October 9, 1895 - September 26, 1896).
Japanese: 明治28年（1895年）10月、第二次伊藤内閣の改造時に、逓信大臣となる（1895年10月9日-1896年9月26日）。
English: Although his father was of the Choshu clan and he was of the second generation of the domain clique, he himself prioritized his position as the governmental official of the Ministry of Home Affairs rather than that of the Choshu clan.
Japanese: 長州藩閥の父をもち、藩閥第二世代に当たるが、彼自身は内務官僚として、長州閥よりも内務省の立場を優先する傾向があった。
English: He was the specialist in his work and during the time when he was a vice minister of Home Affairs, he virtually held an influence over the Ministry more than the minister himself.
Japanese: 職務に精通し、内務次官時代には実質的には内務大臣をしのぐ影響力を省内に及ぼしていた。
English: Yajiro SHINAGAWA introduced Shirane to Munemitsu MUTSU as the 'Spirited Vice Minister'.
Japanese: 品川弥二郎は、陸奥宗光に対して、白根を「壮士次官」をして紹介している。
English: Chomin NAKAE, who was on the side of Minto party, wrote in his "Ichinenyuhan" (One and a Half Year Left) (1901) and lamented: 'I have always looked up to a person who is sincere, who is not lazy, who is not brash; that is to say, two people; Kowashi INOUE and Senichi Shirane.
Japanese: 民党側にあった中江兆民は「一年有半」（1901年）の中で「余近時に於いて真面目なる人物、横着ならざる人物、ヅウヅウしからざる人物、ただ両人を見たり、曰く井上毅、曰く白根専一。
English: Seikai KOSONE (1851 - June 5, 1904) was a businessman, a calligrapher and a seal-engraving artist in Meiji period.
Japanese: 小曽根星海（こそねせいかい、嘉永4年5月（1851年）-明治37年（1904年）6月5日）は、明治時代の実業家・書家・篆刻家である。
English: He received special education for talented students from early childhood and went to Echizen Province with his father at the age of 13 to have an audience with Shungaku MATSUDAIRA.
Japanese: 幼少より家庭にて英才教育を受け、13歳のとき父と越前に赴き松平春岳に謁見。
English: For example, the steamship business, flotation of an ironworks and a pottery, engineering enterprises including the cultivation of the countryside and the reclamation of the seashore, remodeling constructions of more than 100 houses and son on.
Japanese: 汽船業、鉄工所・製陶所の起業、山野の開墾・海浜の埋め立てなどの土木事業・百個以上の家屋の改築工事などである。
English: A pottery started when he opened a kiln on his premises respecting a father's will to revive Kameyama ware and it had continued from 1891 to 1899.
Japanese: このうちの製陶所は亀山焼の再興という父の遺志を引継ぎ邸内に窯を開いたことが始まりで明治24年から同32年まで続いた。
English: He became a millionaire in Nagasaki, and also was elected a member of a municipal assembly and of a prefectural assembly to be a special staff of the Red Cross Society.
Japanese: 長崎の富豪と成り、市会議員・県会議員にも選出され赤十字社特別社員となる。