nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Tanenaga KOKUBUN (c. 1178 to June 3, 1200) is a samurai, who is said to have been in Miyagi County, Mutsu Province during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 国分胤長（こくぶんたねなが、治承2年（1178年）?-正治2年4月13日(旧暦)（1200年5月27日）?）は、日本の鎌倉時代に陸奥国宮城郡にいたとされる武士である。
English: The Kokubun clan (in Mutsu Province) is samurai, who had possessed the southern part of Miyagi County, Mutsu Province from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 国分氏(陸奥国)は、南北朝時代(日本)から戦国時代(日本)まで陸奥国宮城郡南部を領した武士である。
English: It is said that the origin of the clan can be traced back to the time when Tanemichi KOKUBUN from Shimousa Province moved to Kokubun-no-sho (国分荘), Miyagi County, which was given to him as reward grants for the Battle of Oshu.
Japanese: 下総国出身の国分胤通が宮城郡国分荘を奥州合戦の恩賞として与えられて移住したのがはじまりだと伝える。
English: According to the family tree edited by Yoshikazu (義和) SAKUMA in Sendai Domain, Tanenaga KOKUBUN was the first son of Tanemichi KOKUBUN, and his mother was a daughter of Tsunenobua USUI (臼井常信).
Japanese: 江戸時代に仙台藩の佐久間義和が編纂した系図では、国分胤長は国分胤通の長子、母は臼井常信の女。
English: He had two younger brothers, Tanekiyo (胤清) and Michiuji (道氏), and an older sister and a younger sister, who got married to Tanehide OSUGA (大須賀胤秀) and Hideyuki (秀行) USUI respectively.
Japanese: 弟に胤清と道氏がおり、姉妹2人がいてそれぞれ大須賀胤秀と臼井秀行に嫁いだ。
English: It is said that he married a daughter of Taneyori TO, a younger brother of Tanemichi, and had a son named Kokujumaru (国寿丸), who grew up to be Tanemochi KOKUBUN.
Japanese: 胤通の弟東胤頼の女を娶って子に国寿丸があり、これが長じて国分胤茂となったという。
English: According to the family tree edited by Sakuma, Tanenaga died at the age of 23 on June 3, 1200, which means he was born in 1178.
Japanese: 佐久間編の系図では胤長は正治2年（1200年）4月13日に年23歳で没したというので、生まれた年は治承2年（1178年）となる。
English: Although his younger brother Tanekiyo (胤清) died at the age of 16, his youngest brother Michiuji lived long, and was allowed to possess an estate in Yamaoka-no-sho, Inba County, Shimousa Province.
Japanese: 弟の胤清も年16で死に、末弟の道氏は長命で下総印旛郡山岡荘に領土を与えられた。
English: The family tree edited by Sakuma shows that the mainstream of the Kokubun clan originated in Mutsu Province started with Tanemichi and succeeded by Tanemochi, however, these names are not referred to neither in the family tree prepared in Shimousa Province nor in the family tree owned by the Furuuchi clan in Mutsu Province.
Japanese: 国分氏の本流は陸奥国にあって、胤通から胤茂に伝えられるというのが佐久間編の系図のいうことなのだが、下総側の系図にも、陸奥側で古内氏が蔵した系図にも、こうした人名は出てこない。
English: In several materials and family trees edited in Sendai Domain in the Edo period, Tanemichi is regarded as the ancestor of the Kokubun clan in Mutsu Province, however, this is the only common infomation in the earlier records, and other information related to the Kokubu clan until the Sengoku period (period of warring states) widely varies.
Japanese: 仙台藩で江戸時代に編纂された複数の資料・系図は胤通を陸奥国分氏の先祖とするが、古い時代で一致するのは胤通だけで、戦国時代(日本)を下るまで異同がはなはだしい。
English: Therefore, it is also said that it was the family tree editor who associated Tanemichi with the Kokubun clan in Mutsu Province.
Japanese: そこで、陸奥の国分氏を胤通につなげたのは系図編纂者ではないかという説もある。
English: Even if we take the view that the relocation from Shimousa to Mutsu was factual, individual names mentioned in the family trees are not reliable, and the existence of Tanenaga remains doubtful.
Japanese: 下総から陸奥へという流れを大略認める説をとっても、系図の個々の人名は信用できるものではなく、胤長の実在性には疑問がある。
English: The details of Emishi's career are unknown, but it is known that he served as a member of Dajokan (Grand Council of State) and held an additional post as the Minister of Justice during the reign of the Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 毛人の経歴の詳細については不詳であるが、天武天皇朝の元で太政官をつとめ、刑部大卿を兼務していた。
English: In the early Edo period, the epitaph of Emishi was discovered in a mountain near Sudo-jinja Shrine located in Kamitakano, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, and is currently designated as a National Treasure.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期に現在の京都府京都市左京区上高野にある崇道神社近くの山から毛人の墓誌が発見され、現在国宝に指定されている。
English: Nobutaka HIGUCHI (February 8, 1600 – August 18, 1658) was a court noble of the early Edo period.
Japanese: 樋口信孝（ひぐちのぶたか、慶長4年12月24日(旧暦)（1600年2月8日）-明暦4年7月20日(旧暦)（1658年8月18日））は、江戸時代初期の公家。
English: His first son died at an early age; among his children, Nobuyasu HIGUCHI, Nobuyoshi CHUJO, Nobuhisa CHUJO (Shinsai), Ume who served Iemitsu TOKUGAWA as Joro (high rank female housekeeper in the inner Edo-jo Castle), Seiunin, and Kadenokoji (Shojuin) who became a concubine of Mitsutomo TOKUGAWA, are known.
Japanese: 長男は早世し、樋口信康、中条信慶、中条信久（信斎）、梅（徳川家光上臈）、清雲院、勘解由小路（松寿院、徳川光友側室）。
English: In 1652, he was raised to Junii (junior second rank), and later promoted to Sangi (councilor).
Japanese: 承応元年（1652年）に従二位に叙せられ、その後、参議まで昇進した。
English: Nobuyasu HIGUCHI (December 31, 1623 – July 16, 1691) was a court noble of the early Edo period.
Japanese: 樋口信康（ひぐちのぶやす、元和(日本)9年11月10日(旧暦)（1623年12月31日）-元禄4年6月21日(旧暦)（1691年7月16日））は、江戸時代初期の公家。
English: Among his brothers and sisters, Nobuyoshi CHUJO, Nobuhisa CHUJO (Shinsai), Ume who served Iemitsu TOKUGAWA as Joro (high rank female housekeeper in the inner Edo-jo Castle), Seiunin, and Kadenokoji (Shojuin) who became a concubine of Mitsutomo TOKUGAWA, are known.
Japanese: 兄弟は、中条信慶、中条信久（信斎）、梅（徳川家光上臈）、清雲院、勘解由小路（松寿院、徳川光友側室）。
English: Among his children, Yasumasa HIGUCHI (the third head of the Higuchi family), Yasumoto HIGUCHI (the fourth head), Yasumitsu CHUJO who became Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) and served the Tokugawa family of Owari Province, Yasuhiro HIGUCHI (Nagayasu HIGUCHI, the fifth head), a daughter who became the wife of Shigenaga SUZUKI, a daughter who became the wife of Tadakatsu MATSUDAIRA, Osa who became the wife of MATSUDAIRA Zusho no kami, Ritsu who became the wife of Masatatsu TAKEKOSHI (the third son of Masanobu TAKEKOSHI), a daughter who became the wife of Yorishige HAMURO, and a daughter who was adopted into Nishihonganji and became the wife of Kimio ANO, are known.
Japanese: 子は、樋口康勝（3代目）、樋口康資（4代目）、中条康満（伊豆守、尾張徳川家に仕える）、樋口康熈（永康、5代目）、鈴木重長室、松平忠勝室、長（松平図書室）、立（竹腰正信の3男の竹腰正辰室）、葉室頼重室、阿野公緒室（西本願寺養女）。
English: He had served at Konoefu (the headquarters of the inner palace guards), and in 1684 he was promoted to Sangi (councilor), in 1687, became Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).
Japanese: 近衛府を経て、貞享元年（1684年）参議となり、貞享4年（1687年）中納言になった。
English: Heinai ORITA (January 1847 - May 7, 1905) was a statesman in the Meiji era.
Japanese: 折田平内（おりたへいない、1846年12月(旧暦)-1905年5月7日）は、明治時代の政治家。
English: He was also appointed by the government as the governor of many prefectures such as Yamagata Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, and so on.
Japanese: 山形県県令、福島県・栃木県・広島県・滋賀県知事など多くの官選知事を歴任。
English: In September 1872 Heinai became a "daisakan" (another lower-level official), in October 1873 a "nanato" (higher than hatto) to the Hokkaido Development Commission and in August 8, 1875, he became Development executive.
Japanese: 1872年8月(旧暦)に開拓使大主典、1873年10月に七等出仕となり、1875年8月8日に開拓幹事。
English: In January 1877 Heinai became a lower-ranked secretary to the Commissioner and in November the following year, 1878, he was promoted to a higher-ranked secretary.
Japanese: 1877年1月に開拓権小書記官となり、翌1878年11月に権大書記官となる。
English: From July of that year to July 1883 Heinai served as the governor of Yamagata Prefecture and was then appointed governor of Fukushima Prefecture.
Japanese: 同年7月から1883年7月まで山形県知事、その後福島県知事に任ぜられる。
English: It is said that this personnel decision was made because Heinai was from Satsuma Domain, as was Mishima, or because Kiyotaka KURODA, who had a close relationship with Heinai, became Prime Minister.
Japanese: 三島と同じ薩摩人であったからとも、関係の深い黒田清隆が首相に就いたためともいわれる。
English: From December 24, 1889 to January 20, 1894 Heinai served as the governor of Tochigi Prefecture, from April 23, 1896 to April 7, 1897, as the governor of Hiroshima Prefecture and from April 7, 1897 to April 7, 1899, as the governor of Shiga Prefecture.
Japanese: 1889年12月24日から1894年1月20日まで栃木県知事、1896年4月23日から1897年4月7日まで広島県知事、1897年4月7日から1899年4月7日まで滋賀県知事を歴任する。
English: After retiring from office, Heinai was appointed a member of the House of Peers by Imperial command on January 23, 1902, and also was appointed "Kinkeinoma shiko" (a title in the Imperial court).
Japanese: 退官後、1902年1月23日に貴族院議員に勅撰され、錦鶏間祗候を命ぜられる。
English: Although he held prestigious posts such as prefectural governor and Chief of the Metropolitan Police, he stayed very quiet and did not leave any noteworthy legacy.'
Japanese: 「県令として、知事として、警視総監として、赫然一方面の顕職に当たれりと雖も、其の間音もなく、香もなく、寂々寥々も成績の見るべきなし。」
English: Gudo UCHIYAMA (May 17, 1874-January 24, 1911) was a Japanese Buddhist, a monk (the chief priest of Rinsen-ji Temple, Soto sect), and a socialist activist.
Japanese: 内山愚童（うちやまぐどう、1874年5月17日-1911年1月24日）は、日本の仏教者・僧（曹洞宗林泉寺住職）・社会主義運動家。
English: Arrested for publishing brochures such as "Anarchist Communism" in 1908, implicated in the Kotoku Incident in 1910 and executed.
Japanese: 1908年パンフレット『無政府共産』などの出版で逮捕され、1910年の幸徳事件に連座し刑死。
English: He and Hidemi SUGA were from the same village, which was one of the reasons that motivated Suga to write "'Teikoku' no bungaku : senso to 'taigyaku' no aida."
Japanese: すが秀実と同郷であり、そのことが『「帝国」の文学──戦争と「大逆」の間』を絓が著す動機の一つとなった。
English: Heishiro NARUISHI (August 12, 1882 - January 24, 1911) was a socialist.
Japanese: 成石平四郎（なるいしへいしろう、1882年8月12日-1911年1月24日）は社会主義者。
English: He initiated socialist movement in Shingu City, Wakayama Prefecture around 1906 with some other members including Seinosuke OISHI.
Japanese: 1906年頃より大石誠之助らと共に和歌山県新宮市で社会主義運動を行う。
English: His brother, Kanzaburo NARUISHI (February 5, 1880 - January 3, 1931) who engaged in the sales business of general merchandise, was also arrested for Kotoku Incident (also known as Taigyaku Jiken [the High Treason Incident]); his death sentence was reduced to life imprisonment after the trial, and later he was released on parole in 1929.
Japanese: 兄で雑貨商の成石勘三郎（1880年2月5日-1931年1月3日）も大逆事件で逮捕され、死刑判決後に無期懲役となり、1929年に仮釈放。
English: Takichi MIYASHITA (September 30, 1875 - January 24, 1911) was an anarchist.
Japanese: 宮下太吉（みやしたたきち、1875年9月30日-1911年1月24日）は無政府主義者。
English: In 1909, he was head-hunted to transfer from a steel mill in Handa-cho, Chita County, Aichi Prefecture (currently Handa City) to 'Meika Lumber mill' in Nakagawate Village, Higashichikuma County, Nagano Prefecture (currently Azumino City), and there he was presumably engaged in the experimental production of a bomb to assassinate Meiji Emperor.
Japanese: 1909年、愛知県知多郡半田町（現・半田市）の鉄工所から長野県東筑摩郡中川手村（現・安曇野市）の「明科製材所」にヘッドハントされて移り、当地で明治天皇を暗殺するためとして爆弾を試作したという。
English: On May 25, 1910 (in what has become known as the Meika Incident), Miyashita was arrested in Nagano Prefecture on suspicion of violating the Explosives Control Act, and on suspicion that Miyashita and his associates, including Suga KANNO, Tadao NIIMURA, Rikisaku FURUKAWA, were planning to assassinate the Meiji Emperor; this incident subsequently triggered the High Treason Incident, due to the suspicion that some of them had plotted to assassinate the Emperor under the leadership of Shusui KOTOKU.
Japanese: 1910年5月25日、爆発物取締罰則違反の容疑により長野県で逮捕され（明科事件）、宮下は菅野スガ、新村忠雄、古河力作らと共に天皇暗殺の構想を抱いていたとされ、数人は幸徳秋水を首領に天皇暗殺を企てたとして大逆事件の端緒を開いた。
English: Kotoku and Miyashita were sentenced to death, and the execution was carried out on January 24, 1911, at 12:16PM.
Japanese: 幸徳や宮下らは死刑となり、1911年1月24日午後12時16分に処刑される。
English: Tamizo MIYAZAKI, and Toshihiko SAKAI and Unpei MORICHIKA who later established Japan Socialist Party, visited Yamanashi Prefecture in 1906 to introduce socialism and anarchism.
Japanese: 山梨県では1906年（明治39年）に宮崎民蔵や日本社会党を結成する堺利彦、森近運平らが来県して社会主義や無政府主義を紹介した。
English: Yamanashi Prefecture also sought for social reformation and succeeded to win the endorsement of those people of high repute in the region, along with certain number of people joining the party mainly from tenant farmer class.
Japanese: 社会変革を求める県内も名望家らから一定の賛意を得て小作層を中心に入党者を得られていた。
English: Unpei MORICHIKA (January 20, 1881 - January 24, 1911) was a socialist.
Japanese: 森近運平（もりちかうんぺい、1881年1月20日-1911年1月24日）は社会主義者。
English: The local farmers believed his innocence, and they implored Norio SATO, who was the distant relative of Morichika to know him well and also a well-known educator and religious person, to spare the life of Morichika.
Japanese: 地元の農民は無実を信じ、教育者、宗教者であり、遠縁にもあたりかねてより森近を良く知る佐藤範雄に助命を依頼。
English: After the request of those farmers, Sato discussed with the Prefectural governor and the chief of Okayama Prefectural Police., and headed to Tokyo to make a plea for sparing the life of Morichika to the chief of the National Public Safety Bureau, Hideki ARIMATSU; however, the death penalty was carried out on January 24, 1911, six days after the judgment.
Japanese: 要請を受けた佐藤は岡山県知事、警察部長と打ち合わせ上京、警保局長有松英樹に対して助命嘆願をしたが、判決の6日後1911年（明治44年）1月24日に刑が執行された。
English: Rikisaku FURUKAWA (June 14, 1884 - January 24, 1911) was an anarchist.
Japanese: 古河力作（ふるかわりきさく、1884年6月14日-1911年1月24日）は無政府主義者。
English: In 1909 his name was registered for printing "Liberalism" which Shusui KOTOKU and Suga KANNO issued.
Japanese: 1909年幸徳秋水と菅野スガの創刊した『自由思想』の印刷名義人となる。
English: Furukawa was believed to have had a design for an assassination of the Emperor with Takichi MIYASHITA, Suga KANNO and Tadao SHINMURA.
Japanese: 宮下太吉、菅野スガ、新村忠雄と共に天皇暗殺の構想を抱いていたとされる。
English: His biological brother was Mikimatsu FURUKAWA (1900 - 1995), an anarchist and a bookshop keeper, who is known for 'FURUKAWA Mikimatsu sanpo (stroll),' a catalogue of antiquarian books which Tsuki no wa shorin (book shop) deals with.
Japanese: 実弟は月の輪書林古書目録の「古河三樹松散歩」で知られる、アナキストで書店主の古河三樹松（1900年-1995年）。
English: Uitta MATSUO (January 27, 1879 - January 24, 1911) was a socialist.
Japanese: 松尾卯一太（まつおういった、1879年1月27日-1911年1月24日）は社会主義者。
English: He started publishing "Kumamoto Hyoron" (Kumamoto Review) in 1907 with Uichiro NIIMI, as the publisher and the editor of the newspaper (ceased publication on September 20, 1908).
Japanese: 1907年新美卯一郎と『熊本評論』を創刊し、発行人兼編集人を務める（1908年9月20日廃刊）。
English: Tadao NIIMURA (April 26, 1887 - January 24, 1911) was a socialist.
Japanese: 新村忠雄（にいむらただお、1887年4月26日-1911年1月24日）は社会主義者。
English: On May 25, 1910, he was arrested at his home in Nagano Prefecture on suspicion of violating the Explosives Control Act (Meika Incident).
Japanese: 1910年5月25日に長野県の自宅で爆発物取締罰則違反の容疑により逮捕される（明科事件）。
English: It is suspected that Niimura had formulated a plan to assassinate the Emperor together with Takichi MIYASHITA, Suga KANNO and Rikisaku FURUKAWA.
Japanese: 宮下太吉、菅野スガ、古河力作と共に天皇暗殺の構想を抱いていたとされる。
English: His older brother, Zenbe NIIMURA (March 16, 1881 - April 2, 1920), was also arrested for Meika Incident, and he was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment for Kotoku Incident; he was released from prison in 1915.
Japanese: 兄の新村善兵衛（1881年3月16日-1920年4月2日）も、明科事件で逮捕され、幸徳事件で懲役8年の判決を受け、1915年に出獄した。
English: Uichiro NIIMI (January 12, 1879 - January 24, 1911) was a socialist of the Meiji Period.
Japanese: 新美卯一郎（にいみういちろう、1879年1月12日-1911年1月24日）は明治の社会主義者。
English: He provided newspaper space for the Land Reinstatement Comrade Organization formed by Tamizo MIYAZAKI (1865 - 1928, the second elder brother of Toten MIYAZAKI).
Japanese: 宮崎民蔵（1865年-1928年、宮崎滔天の次兄）によって組織されていた土地復権同志会に紙面を提供する。
English: He was arrested for Kotoku Incident in 1910, and his death penalty by hanging was carried out at Tokyo Prison on January 24, 1911, at 8:55 AM.
Japanese: 1910年の幸徳事件で検挙され、1911年1月24日午前8時55分東京監獄にて絞首刑執行。
English: Chokichi KIKKAWA (1859 - 1915) was a member of the KIKKAWA clan: the family of the former feudal lord of the Iwakuni Domain.
Japanese: 吉川重吉（きっかわちょうきち、安政5年（1859年）-大正4年（1915年）は、旧岩国藩主吉川氏の一族。
English: The members of the mission were leading figures of the time such as Tomomi IWAKURA, Takayoshi KIDO, Toshimichi OKUBO, Hirobumi ITO, Naoyoshi YAMAGUCHI, Takayuki SASAKI, Akiyoshi YAMADA, Mitsuaki TANAKA, Fujimaro TANAKA and so on.
Japanese: 同行者は岩倉具視、木戸孝允、大久保利通、伊藤博文、山口尚芳、佐々木高行、山田顕義、田中光顕、田中不二麿など当時の要人。
English: Also children of former feudal lords and the nobility joined, such as Tomotsuna IWAKURA (adopted child of Tomomi), Hikonoshin OKUBO, Nobuaki MAKINO, Isaburo YAMAGATA and so on.
Japanese: 他、旧大名家・公家の子弟としては他に、岩倉具綱（具視の養子）、大久保彦之進、牧野伸顕、山県伊三郎等が参加。
English: Other members included Naohiro NABESHIMA, Toshitsugu MAEDA, Toshiatsu MAEDA, Nagatomo KURODA, Tadabumi TORII, Sumihiro OMURA, Mototoshi MORI and so on.
Japanese: 鍋島直大、前田利嗣、前田利同、黒田長知、鳥居忠文、大村純煕、毛利元敏等もいた。
English: Chokichi became a baron on November 21, 1891 and later worked as a member of the House of Peers.
Japanese: 1891年11月21日に男爵に叙任され、その後は貴族院議員として活動した。
English: In 1910 his house was built by James McDonald Gardiner, who later established Rikkyo University.
Japanese: 1910年に後に立教大学を創立したジェームズ・マクドナルド・ガーディナーによって自宅を建築。
English: Ebizo ICHIKAWA the 8th (1845 - November 12, 1886) was a Kabuki actor, who actively played various roles from the end of Edo Period to the early Meiji Period.
Japanese: 八代目市川海老蔵（はちだいめいちかわえびぞう、弘化2年（1845年）-明治19年（1886年）11月12日）は幕末から明治初期の歌舞伎役者。
English: He was born in Osaka in 1845, as the 7th son of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the 7th succession).
Japanese: 弘化2年（1845年）に市川團十郎(7代目)の七男として大坂に生まれる。
English: He was originally named as Akanbei ICHIKAWA, and he once moved back to Edo (Tokyo) with his father; he later renamed Shinnosuke ICHIKAWA the 4th after 1856, and later he renamed again to Juzo ICHIKAWA, and Saruzo ICHIKAWA the 2nd.
Japanese: 初名を市川あかん平、一旦父と共に江戸に戻り安政3年（1856年）以降に四代目市川新之助と改名、その後市川寿蔵、二代目市川猿蔵と改名。
English: He temporarily moved back and stayed in Kansai Region in around 1870, but once again he headed to Tokyo in 1881 in order to succeed the name of Ebizo ICHIKAWA the 8th.
Japanese: 明治3年頃に再び関西に出向くが明治14年（1881年）に八代目市川海老蔵を襲名するために上京した。
English: Tamaki SHISHIDO (April 18, 1829 - October 1, 1901) was a statesman and bureaucrat active from the end of the Edo period into the Meiji period.
Japanese: 宍戸（ししどたまき、文政12年3月15日(旧暦)（1829年4月18日）-明治34年（1901年）10月1日）は、江戸時代末期（幕末）から明治時代にかけての政治家・官僚。
English: Tamaki studied in the private school of Bunnoshin TAMAKI (Shokason-juku) together with Shoin YOSHIDA and others, and also studied in the domain school Meirinkan.
Japanese: 吉田松陰らと共に玉木文之進の塾（松下村塾）に学び、また藩校明倫館に学ぶ。
English: In 1854 Tamaki made a round of inspection of Ezochi (roughly corresponding to present-day Hokkaido island), Sakhalin, and the Russian Empire, accompanying Norimasa MURAGAKI: a government official in the Edo bakufu (the last feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 安政元年（1854年）には江戸幕府の役人村垣範正に従い、蝦夷地および樺太・ロシア帝国巡視を行う。
English: Around that time Tamaki began to get to know men of noble ideals in many domains, and was appointed the head student in Meirinkan when he returned to the domain in 1857.
Japanese: その頃から諸藩の志士と交流し、安政5年（1857年）藩に戻ると、明倫館都講本役に任ぜられた。
English: In 1862 Tamaki and Genzui KUSAKA who were both from the same domain, plus Shintaro NAKAOKA from the Tosa Domain, along with others, visited a scholar, Shozan SAKUMA, who had confined himself in the Matsushiro Domain.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）には同藩の久坂玄瑞、土佐藩の中岡慎太郎らとともに松代藩で謹慎中の学者佐久間象山を訪問。
English: The Choshu clan were still promoting Sonno Joi, but they ran into problems due to their defeat in the Hamaguri Rebellion (Kinmon no Hen in Japanese) and the attack on Shimonoseki by the four countries' combined fleet.
Japanese: その後も長州藩は尊王攘夷運動に邁進するが、禁門の変の敗北、下関への四国連合艦隊襲来により窮地に陥る。
English: However Shinsaku TAKASUGI and Hirobumi ITO and others took up arms, which changed the opinion of the clan again, resulting in Hanzo being pardoned.
Japanese: しかし、高杉晋作・伊藤博文らの挙兵によって藩論が再転換し、赦免される。
English: The Choshu clan forced Hanzo YAMAGATA to change his name to Bingonosuke SHISHIDO and become an adopted child of the SHISHIDO family (who provided the chief retainer of the domain) and made him meet Naoyuki NAGAI, the interrogator from the bakufu, in Kokutai-ji Temple in Hiroshima (Hiroshima City).
Japanese: 同藩は山県半蔵を家老宍戸氏の養子として宍戸備後助と改名させ、広島の国泰寺(広島市)で幕府問罪使永井尚志に応接させた。
English: However when the Second Conquest of Choshu occurred the following year, Tamaki was released to compensate for the defeat of the bakufu.
Japanese: しかし、翌年の第二次長州征伐開戦にあたり、幕府側の敗戦の調和策として放免された。
English: In recognition of his achievements during the period, Tamaki was allowed to establish a new branch family of SHISHIDO and was also appointed jikimetsuke-yaku (a kind of supervisor post).
Japanese: この間の功績を認められ、宍戸家の末家を新たに建てることを認可され、直目付役に任ぜられた。
English: This was immediately after Ryukyu Domain was abolished and Okinawa Prefecture had been established (the Ryukyu Annexation) and Ryukyu's sovereignty had become an issue between the two countries.
Japanese: 琉球藩を廃止し沖縄県を設置した（沖縄県の歴史琉球処分）直後であり、琉球の帰属問題が両国間の懸案となっていた。
English: SHISHIDO submitted a memorandum to the Foreign Office in Qing written by Munenori TERASHIMA and Kaoru INOUE, the foreign minister, which stipulated the legal basis of Japan's territorial right to Ryukyu.
Japanese: 宍戸は琉球に対する日本の領有権の法的根拠を明記した寺島宗則・井上馨外務卿の覚書を清国総理各国事務衙門へ提出。
English: However due to opposition by Hung Chang LI, senior vassal in the Qing dynasty, the agreement was not sealed and Tamaki broke off the negotiations and returned to Japan in January 1881.
Japanese: しかし清朝の重臣李鴻章らの反対により調印には至らず、明治14年（1881年）1月には交渉を打ち切って帰国した。
English: In the year following his return to Japan, Tamaki started serving the Imperial Household Ministry and in April 1884 became a member of "Sanjiin" (one of the old ministries and agencies mainly related to the executive and legislative branches).
Japanese: 帰朝翌年には宮内省出仕となり、明治17年（1884年）4月には参事院議官。
English: In May 1887 he was given the title of viscount in recognition of his achievement to date.
Japanese: 明治20年（1887年）5月にはこれまでの功績を認められ子爵に叙爵。
English: In 1890, at the inauguration of the Imperial Diet, he was appointed a member of the House of Peers and became "kinkeinoma-shiko" (a title in the Imperial court).
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）帝国議会の発足に際し貴族院議員に任命され、錦鶏間祗候となる。
English: Onri HAYASHI (March 3, 1831 - January 30, 1906) was a Rono (Tokunoka [a well-experienced, exemplary good farmer]) and leader of agricultural techniques, who was born in Fukuoka Prefecture.
Japanese: 林遠里（はやし　おんり、1831年3月8日（天保2年1月24日（旧暦））-1906年（明治39年）1月30日）は、福岡県生まれの老農（篤農家）・農業技術指導者。
English: The agricultural methods devised by Onri HAYASHI was called Chikuzen noho (Chikuzen farming method) or Fukuoka noho (Fukuoka farming method), which introduced Kansui shinho (soaking seeds in water during winter), Tsuchigakoi-ho (keeping seeds in soil during winter) and Fuyumaki hata nawashiro-ho (sowing seeds in non-irrigated rice nursery in winter) as its core methods, and while improving land productivity with work-intensive agricultural techniques, it increased labor productivity by saving tillage works using cattle equipped with Kakaemottatesuki (a kind of Japanese plow without sole).
Japanese: 林遠里の考案した農法は、筑前農法または福岡農法と呼ばれ、寒水浸法、土囲い法、冬蒔き畑苗代法をその中核としながら、多労を旨とした集約的農業技術により土地生産性を高める一方で、抱持立犂を装備した牛馬耕を導入することによって耕耘作業を省力化し、労働生産性を高めるというものであった。
English: The grave of Onri HAYASHI was in Irube region, where the 100th death anniversary of Onri HAYASHI was held in 2005 and the fourth grade students (for two classrooms) at Irube elementary school of the time joined rice planting.
Japanese: 林遠里の墓地は入部地域にあり、2005年には、林遠里100年際が行われ、当時の入部小学校の4年生（2クラス）が田植えに参加した。
English: In 1831, he was born in Fukuoka City, Sawara County, as the second son of Chokunai HAYASHI, a feudal retainer of Fukuoka Domain and instructor of gun shooting.
Japanese: 1831年　福岡藩士・銃術指南役林直内の次男として早良郡福岡市に生まれる。
English: In 1869, he was assigned to Shosakan (Junior clerk) of Juhoso (gunnery division) and became in charge of manufacturing gunpowder, and he started working in Nakagawa-machi, Naka County (Chikuzen Province) (Fukuoka Prefecture).
Japanese: 1869年　銃砲曹少属火薬製造担当に任ぜられ、那珂郡(筑前国)那珂川町(福岡県)勤務となる。
English: In 1881, he participated in the second National Industrial Exhibition and attended the first Zenkoku Nodan-kai (national agricultural meeting), and published the reprint edition of "Kanno Shinsho".
Japanese: 1881年　第2回内国勧業博覧会への出展、第1回全国農談会出席、加筆の上で『勧農新書』再版を発行。
English: In 1887, he founded a private school, Kannosha, and made lectures traveling around Yamaguchi Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture, Shimane Prefecture, Kochi Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture.
Japanese: 1887年　私塾・勧農社設立、山口県・広島県・島根県・高知県・京都府・石川県・福井県で巡回演説。
English: In 1888, he made lectures traveling around Kyoto Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Aichi Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture.
Japanese: 1888年　京都府・鳥取県・広島県・大阪府・愛知県・岐阜県で巡回演説。