nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Taigyaku Jiken is a collective term referring to the incidents in which perpetrators were prosecuted for high treason, which was a crime to inflict or try to inflict harm on Emperor, Empress or Crown Prince, as defined in the article 116 of the former Penal Code enforced in 1882 and the article 73 of the Penal Code enforced in 1908 after the enactment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (the article was eliminated in 1947).
Japanese: 1882年に施行された旧刑法116条、および大日本帝国憲法制定後の1908年に施行された刑法73条（1947年に削除）が規定していた、天皇、皇后、皇太子等を狙って危害を加えたり、加えようとする罪、いわゆる大逆罪が適用され、訴追された事件の総称。
English: Outside of Japan, crimes of treason and rebellion against Emperor or King are sometimes called high treason.
Japanese: 日本以外では皇帝や王に叛逆し、また謀叛をくわだてた犯罪を、大逆罪と呼ぶことがある。
English: Generally, Taigyaku Jiken especially refers to the so-called Kotoku Incident in which Shusui KOTOKU, a socialist, was prosecuted for trying to kill then-Emperor in 1910 and 1911.
Japanese: 特に一般には1910,1911年（明治42,43年）に社会主義者幸徳秋水らが天皇暗殺計画を企てたとして検挙された事件を指す（幸徳事件ともいわれる）。
English: The Japanese government, putting a great importance on the Emperor system to govern the nation under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, treated high treason as a felony and punished offenders capitally.
Japanese: 政治制度として天皇制を重視した大日本帝国憲法下の日本政府は大逆罪を重罪とし、死刑・極刑をもって臨んだ。
English: Trials were undertaken behind closed doors by Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) and appeals by the offenders were not accepted ('the first and last instance').
Japanese: 裁判は非公開で行なわれ、大審院（現・最高裁判所）が審理する一審制（「第一審ニシテ終審」）となっていた。
English: Generally, 'Taigyaku Jiken' refers to the Kotoku Incident in 1910, which was the most influential among such cases on later history.
Japanese: 単に「大逆事件」と呼ばれる場合は、その後の歴史にもっとも影響を与えた1910年の幸徳事件を指すのが一般的である。
English: The perpetrators of the Toranomon Incident and the Sakuradamon Incident were caught red-handed, while the Kotoku Incident and the Bokuretsu Incident were uncovered in the plotting phase.
Japanese: 虎ノ門事件と桜田門事件が現行犯で、幸徳事件と朴烈事件は、当時、計画段階で発覚したとされた。
English: Article 116 of the former Penal Code: Any person who inflicts or attempts to inflict harm on Emperor, grandmother or mother of the Emperor, Empress, or Crown Prince shall be sentenced to death.
Japanese: 旧刑法第116条天皇三后皇太子ニ対シ危害ヲ加ヘ又ハ加ヘントシタル者ハ死刑ニ処ス
English: Article 73 of the Penal Code, before the revision in 1947: Any person who inflicts or attempts to inflict harm on Emperor, grandmother or mother of the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince, or the heir of the Crown Prince, shall be sentenced to death.
Japanese: 1947年改正前の刑法第73条天皇、太皇太后、皇太后、皇后、皇太子又ハ皇太孫ニ対シ危害ヲ加ヘ又ハ加ヘントシタル者ハ死刑ニ処ス
English: On May 25, 1910, 'Shinshu Akashina Bomb Incident' occurred, in which a socialist in the Shinshu region, Takichi MIYASHITA, and other three socialists were arrested for plotting to kill the Meiji Emperor.
Japanese: 1910年(明治43年)5月25日、信州の社会主義者宮下太吉ら4名による明治天皇暗殺計画が発覚し逮捕された「信州明科爆裂弾事件」が起こる。
English: The Incident triggered the Japanese government to step up crackdowns on all the socialists and anarchists through investigations and house search and the government even faked treason cases in an effort to eradicate them.
Japanese: 以降、この事件を口実に全ての社会主義者、アナキスト（無政府主義者）に対して取り調べや家宅捜索が行なわれ、根絶やしにする弾圧を、政府が主導、フレームアップ（政治的でっちあげ）したとされる事件。
English: Since the Shinshu Akashina Bomb Incident, several hundred socialists and anarchists were arrested, and prosecutors indicted 26 people for plotting to kill the Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 信州明科爆裂弾事件後、数百人の社会主義者・無政府主義者の逮捕・検挙が始まり、検察は26人を明治天皇暗殺計画容疑として起訴した。
English: By Attorney General Itaru MATSUMURO, Deputy Chief Prosecutor of Daishin-in Kiichiro HIRANUMA, and Chief Public Prosecutor of Kobe district court attorney's office Matsukichi KOYAMA, the case was made up and trials and executions were carried out at an unprecedented speed.
Japanese: 松室致検事総長、平沼騏一郎大審院次席検事、小山松吉神戸地裁検事局検事正らによって事件のフレームアップ化がはかられ、異例の速さで公判、刑執行がはかられた。
English: On January 18, 1911, 24 people were sentenced to death and two were sentenced to imprisonment for a definite term (the chief justice was Joichiro TSURU).
Japanese: 1911年1月18日に死刑24名、有期刑2名の判決（鶴丈一郎裁判長）。
English: 11 people, Shusui KOTOKU, Unpei MORICHIKA, Takichi MIYASHITA, Tadao NIIMURA, Rikisaku FURUKAWA, Kenshi OKUNOMIYA, Seinosuke OISHI, Heishiro NARUISHI, Uitta MATSUO, Uichiro NIIMI and Gudo UCHIYAMA, were executed on January 24, and another one (Suga KANNO) on January 25.
Japanese: 1月24日に幸徳秋水、森近運平、宮下太吉、新村忠雄、古河力作、奥宮健之、大石誠之助、成石平四郎、松尾卯一太、新見卯一郎、内山愚童ら11名が、1月25日に1名（菅野スガ）が処刑された。
English: Five people, Kenmyo TAKAGI, Setsudo MINEO, Ichiro OKAMOTO, Yasutaro MIURA and Dogen SASAKI, died in prison after being granted a special pardon that reduced their sentence to life in prison.
Japanese: 特赦無期刑で獄死したのは、高木顕明、峯尾節堂、岡本一郎、三浦安太郎、佐々木道元の5人。
English: Those who were released on parole were Seima SAKAMOTO, Kanzaburo NARUISHI, Seiichi SAKIKUBO, Kuhei TAKEDA, Yojiro TOBIMATSU, Toramatsu OKABAYASHI and Ushiji KOMATSU.
Japanese: 仮出獄できた者は坂本清馬、成石勘三郎、崎久保誓一、武田九平、飛松与次郎、岡林寅松、小松丑治。
English: Although Sakae OSUGI, Kanson ARAHATA, Toshihiko SAKAI and Hitoshi YAMAKAWA, who were serving their sentence for the Red Flag Incident, were not charged for complicity, they lost many comrades and the movement stalled for a while.
Japanese: 赤旗事件で有罪となって獄中にいた大杉栄、荒畑寒村、堺利彦、山川均は事件の連座を免れたが、数多くの同志を失い、しばらくの期間、運動が沈滞することになった。
English: This Incident greatly affected literary figures as well, and Takuboku ISHIKAWA studied the books of Pyotr Alekseevich KROPOTKIN and trial records after the Incident.
Japanese: この事件は文学者たちにも大きな影響を与え、石川啄木は事件後ピョートル・クロポトキンの著作、公判記録を研究した。
English: During the trial, Shusui told prosecutors, 'the current Emperor is from the Northern Imperial Court, which assassinated the Emperor of the Southern Imperial Court and robbed him of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family', and it was leaked to the people and triggered the argument on which Court was legitimate.
Japanese: また、秋水が法廷で「いまの天子は、南朝の天子を暗殺して三種の神器をうばいとった北朝の天子ではないか」と発言したことが外部へもれ、南北朝正閏論が起こった。
English: After World War II, materials related to the assassination plot of the Emperor were discovered, revealing that the number of people actually involved in the plot were only five, Takichi MIYASHIA, Suga KANNO, Unpei MORICHIKA, Tadao NIIMURA and Rikisaku FURUKAWA.
Japanese: 敗戦後、関係資料が発見され、暗殺計画にいくらかでも関与・同調したとされているのは、宮下太吉、菅野スガ、森近運平、新村忠雄、古河力作の5名にすぎなかったことが判明した。
English: After 1960s, 'the association to find a truth of Taigyaku Jiken' led the movement to demand retrial of the case.
Japanese: 1960年代より「大逆事件の真実をあきらかにする会」を中心に、再審請求などの運動が推進された。
English: The Toranomon Incident was an assassination attempt occurred on December 27, 1923 at Toranomon, by Daisuke NANBA who fired a stick-shaped gun at Imperial Prince Hirohito (later the Emperor Showa), then-regent and crown prince, when Prince was heading by car for the opening ceremony of the 48th Imperial Diet, and Nanba was arrested red-handed.
Japanese: 1923年12月27日、難波大助（なんばだいすけ）が虎ノ門で第48帝国議会の開院式に向かう摂政・皇太子裕仁親王（後の昭和天皇）の車に向けてステッキ状の拳銃を発砲・狙撃し、現行犯で逮捕された暗殺未遂事件。
English: Due to the Incident, the Gonbei YAMAMOTO cabinet resigned en masse, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Commissioner Kurahei YUASA and Director of Police Administration of Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Matsutaro SHORIKI were given a dishonorable discharge, and the governor of Yamaguchi Prefecture, where Nanba was born, was reprimanded with a pay cut for two months.
Japanese: この事件により、山本権兵衛内閣は総辞職、警視総監・湯浅倉平、警視庁警務部長・正力松太郎らが懲戒免職、難波の出身地である山口県の知事が2ヶ月間の減給となった。
English: Daisuke's father, Sakunoshin NANBA, who was a member of the House of Representatives and also a member of the Koshin club (parliamentary group), resigned immediately, and starved to death by refusing food after confining himself to his own house in Suo Village, Kumage County, Yamaguchi Prefecture (present-day, Hikari City, Yamaguchi Prefecture).
Japanese: 衆議院議員で庚申倶楽部だった大助の父難波作之進は即日議員辞職し、山口県熊毛郡(山口県)周防村（現・山口県光市）の自宅で閉門蟄居後、食事を取らず餓死した。
English: Two days after the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, a series of lynching of Korean people by Japanese nationals occurred under martial law.
Japanese: 1923年9月1日に起きた関東大震災の2日後、戒厳令下に朝鮮民族が民衆によって私刑を受けた。
English: During such chaotic period after the earthquake, anarchist Bokuretsu and his mistress Fumiko KANEKO were arrested under the pretext of 'protective custody' and indicted for an offense against the Explosives Control Act on February 15, 1924, and later their charge was switched to high treason and the two were prosecuted again on May 2, 1925 and May 4 respectively.
Japanese: その震災後の混乱期に、「保護検束」の名目で検挙されたアナキスト・朴烈と愛人の金子文子が、翌1924年2月15日に爆発物取締罰則違反で起訴され、1925年5月2日に朴烈が、5月4日に文子が、それぞれ大逆罪にあたるとされた事件。
English: Although their death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment under an amnesty on April 5, Fumiko tore up the pardon order in front of a warden.
Japanese: 4月5日に恩赦で懲役に減刑されるが、文子は特赦状を刑務所長の面前で破り捨てた。
English: In July, the same year, Ikki KITA who was plotting to overturn the Cabinet distributed among political figures a photo of Bokuretsu holding Kaneko on his knees in the interrogation, and the treatment of the two in the prison became a political issue for several months.
Japanese: 同年7月には内閣転覆を狙った北一輝により取調中に朴の膝に金子が座り抱擁している写真が政界にばらまかれ獄内での待遇が数ヶ月政治問題化した。
English: Bokuretsu who came out of prison as a committed anticommunist did not join Zai Nihon Chosenjin Renmei (present-day, Chongryon or General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) but formed Zai Nihon Chosen Kyoryumindan (present-day, Mindan or Korean Residents Union in Japan) in October 1946 and presided as the first organization head until February 1949.
Japanese: いまや徹底した反共主義の持ち主であった朴は在日本朝鮮人連盟（朝連、在日本朝鮮人総聯合会の前身）への参加を避け、1946年10月に在日本大韓民国民団の前身となる在日本朝鮮居留民団を結成し、初代団長を1949年2月まで勤めた。
English: After going back to Korea, he served as the commissioner of internal affairs of the Syngman Rhee administration, but was later taken to Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) during the Korean War.
Japanese: 帰国後李承晩政権の国務委員を勤めるが、朝鮮戦争の際、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国へ連行。
English: Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
Japanese: 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌（イ・ボンチャン）が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
English: This incident was commonly called Lee Bong-chang Incident or Sakuradamon Lese Majesty Incident, while the Japanese government especially called it Lee Bong-chang Lese Majesty Incident.
Japanese: 李奉昌事件、あるいは桜田門不敬事件とも呼ばれ、また日本政府は李奉昌不敬事件と呼んだ。
English: Lee was sentenced to death in Daishin-in on September 30 and executed in the Ichigaya prison on October 10, 1932.
Japanese: 9月30日、李は大審院により死刑判決を受け、1932年10月10日に市ヶ谷刑務所で処刑された。
English: In 1946, North and South Korean residents in Japan uncovered his remains and a national funeral was carried out in his native country, Korea.
Japanese: 1946年に在日韓国・朝鮮人が遺骨を発掘、故国である朝鮮において国民葬が行われた。
English: His remains are now buried in Hyochang Park of Seoul Metropolitan City as 'loyal retainer' along with Paek Chung-Gee and Yoon Bong-gil (both independence activists).
Japanese: 「義士」として白貞基、尹奉吉らと共にソウル特別市の孝昌公園に埋葬されている。
English: The word had also come to be used to refer to masseurs, acupuncturists, and biwa-playing minstrels.
Japanese: またこれより転じて按摩、鍼灸、琵琶法師などへの呼びかけとしても用いられた。
English: The word was originally one of the titles for biwa-playing minstrels who played Heikyoku (a narrative which features the Tale of the Heike playing Biwa music): 'Kengyo' (the highest title of the official ranks within the Todo-za), 'Betto' (superintendent), 'Koto' (the third title of the official ranks within the Todo-za), and 'Zato.'
Japanese: 元々は平曲を演奏する琵琶法師の称号として呼ばれた「検校（けんぎょう）」、「別当（べっとう）」、「勾当（こうとう）」、「座頭（ざとう）」に由来する。
English: Biwa-playing minstrels, who were often blind from ancient times, began forming a group called 'Todo-za,' a group of professionals who narrated the "Heike Monogatari" (Tale of the Heike), from around the Kamakura period, and this association (za) functioned as the authority and an organization that provided mutual aid for the members.
Japanese: 古来、琵琶法師には盲目の人々が多かったが、『平家物語』を語る職業人として鎌倉時代頃から「当道座」と言われる団体を形作るようになり、それは権威としても互助組織としても、彼らの座（組合）として機能した。
English: According to group regulations of the association, they were divided into four official court ranks: Kengyo, Betto, Koto, and Zato, and further divided into 73 ranks.
Japanese: その中で定められていた集団規則によれば、彼らは検校、別当、勾当、座頭の四つの位階に、細かくは73の段階に分けられていたという。
English: It was possible to make a request and get higher official court ranks as long as they belonged to Todo-za and fulfilled their responsibilities of their job, however, it took so much time to gain a higher position that they could not even promote to kengyo in their whole life.
Japanese: これらの官位段階は、当道座に属し職分に励んで、申請して認められれば、一定の年月をおいて順次得ることができたが、大変に年月がかかり、一生かかっても検校まで進めないほどだった。
English: In the Edo period, Todo-za received the official permission and protection as the group of the blind.
Japanese: 江戸時代に入ると当道座は盲人団体として幕府の公認と保護を受けるようになった。
English: Around this time, Heikyoku became gradually unpopular and the main jobs of Todo-za became the players or composers of jiuta shamisen (traditional Japanese shamisen music), sokyoku (koto music), kokyu (Chinese fiddle), acupunctures, and masseurs.
Japanese: この頃には平曲は次第に下火になり、それに加え地歌三味線、箏曲、胡弓等の演奏家、作曲家としてや、鍼灸、按摩が当道座の主要な職分となった。
English: As a result, these protection policies of the blind became a major cause for the development of music during the Edo period and acupuncture technology.
Japanese: 結果としてこのような盲人保護政策が、江戸時代の音楽や鍼灸医学の発展の重要な要素になったと言える。
English: Also, some blind people worked in the show business such as zato sumo or became unscrupulous moneylenders because high interest money lending business was officially approved around the Genroku era to help the blind to get money for the promotion of the official court rank.
Japanese: また座頭相撲など見せ物に就く者たちもいたり、元禄頃から官位昇格費用の取得を容易にするために高利の金貸しが公認されたので、悪辣な金融業者となる者もいた。
English: Taisei Hokan is a political incident in which the 15th Shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA reported to the Emperor Meiji that he would return the sovereignty to the Emperor on November 9, 1867 at the end of Edo period, and the Emperor gave the imperial sanction to the report on the next day.
Japanese: 大政奉還（たいせいほうかん）とは、江戸時代末期の慶応3年10月14日（1867年11月9日）に、江戸幕府第15代将軍徳川慶喜が、統治権返上を明治天皇に上奏し、翌15日に天皇が上奏を勅許した政治的事件である。
English: In the late Edo period, there was a theory called taisei-ininron saying that the government of the country by the Edo bakufu derived from a delegation from the emperors to the Tokugawa Shogun family.
Japanese: 江戸時代後期には、江戸幕府の全国統治は天皇から徳川将軍家への委任関係に由来するという大政委任論と呼ばれる学説が唱えられていた。
English: At the very end of the Edo period when the Satsuma clan and Choshu clan formed Satsuma-Choshu Alliance to promote the movement to overthrow the Shogunate, the Tosa clan, which supported the parliamentary regime theory and the Shogun's returning the sovereignty to the Emperor, submitted a petition for Taisei Hokan (proposed and planned by Ryoma SAKAMOTO in cooperation with Shojiro GOTO) to the Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA through the lord of the domain Toyoshige YAMAUCHI on October 29, 1867.
Japanese: 薩摩藩と長州藩が薩長同盟を結び倒幕運動を推し進めていた幕末も大詰めの時期、公議政体論を主張し将軍の政権返上を政治路線として考えていた土佐藩は、慶応3年（1867年）10月3日(旧暦)に（坂本龍馬が発案計画し、後藤象二郎協力）大政奉還の建白書を藩主山内豊信を通じ将軍・徳川慶喜に提出した。
English: On receiving this, Yoshinobu summoned 40 senior vassals during their visit to Kyoto at the Nijo-jo Castle and made an inquiry about Taisei Hokan on November 8.
Japanese: これを受け、10月13日、慶喜は京都・二条城に上洛中の40藩の重臣を招集し、大政奉還を諮問。
English: On the next day, November 10, the Emperor gave an instruction document showing the imperial sanction for Taisei Hokan to Yoshinobu who visited the Imperial Palace, and thus Taisei Hokan was completed.
Japanese: そして翌・10月15日、天皇は参内した慶喜に大政奉還勅許の沙汰書を授け、大政奉還が成立。
English: On this occasion, the Emperor delegated the continuous transaction of immediate government affairs to Yoshinobu until the levy of lords meeting to decide national policy.
Japanese: このとき天皇は国是決定のための諸侯会同召集までとの条件付ながら緊急政務の処理を引き続き慶喜に委任した。
English: The incident happened just when court nobles of tobakuha (anti-Bakufu, crushing-the-Bakufu faction) including Tomomi IWAKURA schemed the issuance of secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate.
Japanese: 折しも、倒幕派公家の岩倉具視らの画策によって討幕の密勅が下されようとしていたときであった。
English: As the Imperial Court at that time had no ability and system to come into power, Yoshinobu thought that the Tokugawa family could practically have control over political administration if the family, which had a power to overwhelm Kugeshu (court nobles) and domains, participated in the new government under the Emperor even if the family formally returned the power.
Japanese: 当時の朝廷には政権を運営する能力も体制もなく、一旦形式的に政権を返上しても、公家衆や諸藩を圧倒する勢力を有する徳川家が天皇の下の新政府に参画すれば実質的に政権を握り続けられると考えてのことである。
English: As expected, the Imperial Court had no ability for diplomacy and served a notice to admit that the bakufu would keep on dealing with diplomatic matters on November 18.
Japanese: 実際に朝廷は外交に関しては全く為す術が無く、10月23日に外交については引き続き幕府が中心となって行なうことを認める通知を出した。
English: It was the bakufu that notified postponement of the opening of Edo and the Niigata Port on December 14 and that concluded the revised trade agreement with Russia on December 23.
Japanese: 11月19日の江戸開市と新潟開港の延期通告、28日のロシアとの改税約書締結を行ったのは幕府であった。
English: The Emperor Meiji, having succeeded to the throne on February 13, 1867 after the death of the Emperor Komei on January 30, 1867, was as young as 15 years old.
Japanese: 前年・慶応2年12月25日の親徳川派の孝明天皇崩御を受け、慶応3年1月9日に践祚した明治天皇は満15歳と若年であった。
English: Therefore, a pro-Tokugawa chancellor Nariyuki NIJO (a cousin of Yoshinobu) was inducted as regent, a post that had been in vacancy for almost 80 years.
Japanese: そのため、やはり親徳川派である関白・二条斉敬（慶喜の従兄）が約80年ぶりとなる摂政に就任した。
English: In the Imperial Court, the Gosekke (the five regent families) including the Nijo family had control over other Kugeshu.
Japanese: 朝廷内では二条家を含む五摂家には他の公家衆に対しての支配力があった。
English: Although the Konoe family had been pro-Satsuma and the Takatsukasa family had been pro-Choshu for a while, they had turned to support the Tokugawa family by that time.
Japanese: 一時期は近衛家が親薩摩、鷹司家が親長州となっていたものの、この頃には徳川家支持に傾いていた。
English: Meanwhile, court nobles belonging to the radical party for Choshu including Sanetomi SANJO had been expelled from Kyoto after a coup on September 30, 1863, and few court nobles of tobakuha such as Iwakura had not been able to hold initiative in the Imperial Court due to their humble family lineage, although they were influential.
Japanese: 一方三条実美ら長州過激派の公家は文久3年8月18日の政変以来、京から追放されたままであり、岩倉ら少数の倒幕派公家は家柄が低かったため影響力はあっても朝廷内の主導権を握れてはいなかった。
English: That is, the Imperial Court at that time was still led by pro-Tokugawa upper-graded court nobles such as regent Nijo and the Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko (also called Nakagawa no Miya; after Meiji Restoration, he was known as Kuni no Miya).
Japanese: つまりこの時期の朝廷は、二条摂政や久邇宮朝彦親王（中川宮、維新後久邇宮）ら親徳川派上級公家によってなお主導されていた。
English: The said secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate was planned as emergency measures by middle- and lower-graded court nobles without initiative including Tomomi IWAKURA, and Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu), under the supposition that Yoshinobu would carry out Taisei Hokan.
Japanese: さきの討幕の密勅は、慶喜の大政奉還を想定した上で、主導権を持たない岩倉具視ら倒幕派の中下級公家と薩長側の非常手段として画策したものである。
English: Under such Imperial Court, it was naturally expected that the new government after Taisei Hokan would be led by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: このような朝廷の下では、大政奉還後の新政権も徳川慶喜が主導するものになることが当然予想された。
English: In order for Saccho and Iwakura group to obtain real power, it was necessary for them, through military uprising, to abolish regent, chancellor and other conventional posts mainly taken up by pro-Tokugawa people, to establish a new system to realize direct rule by the emperor, and to inhibit Yoshinobu from being the core of the new government by asking him to surrender the post and domains (former terriroty of the bakufu) to the Imperial Court, and this situation led to the movement of the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
Japanese: 薩長や岩倉らが実権を掌握するためには、武力蜂起により親徳川派中心の摂政・関白その他従来の役職を廃止して天皇親政の新体制を樹立し、慶喜には辞官・納地（旧幕府領の返上）を求めて新政権の中心となることを阻止することが必要となり、王政復古(日本)へ向かっていくことになった。
English: Through the Meiji period to World War II, Imperial rites and festivals were often held on November 10.
Japanese: 明治から第二次世界大戦までの間、天皇に関する行事は11月10日に実施される事が多かった。
English: For example, the ceremony of the enthronement of the Emperor Showa (1928) and the commemorative ceremony for the 2,600th year of the founding of Japan (1940) were both held on November 10.
Japanese: 例えば、昭和天皇の即位の礼（西暦1928年）や紀元二千六百年記念行事紀元二千六百年式典（西暦1940年）は、いずれも11月10日に実施された。
English: This is because the restoration of the imperial rule was carried out on November 10 (the day of the sanction for Taisei Hokan).
Japanese: これは（大政奉還を勅許し）政権が天皇に復した日が11月10日だった事に因んでいる。
English: When a president of a company, who is not from the founder's family, returns the post to the founder's family (such as the Toyota family of Toyota and the Matsushita family of Panasonic), it can be referred to as Taisei Hokan from the Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's incident.
Japanese: また（徳川慶喜の大政奉還から転じて）企業において創業者一家以外の社長が（パナソニックの松下家、トヨタの豊田家など）創業者一家に社長の地位を返上することを「大政奉還」と呼ぶことがある。
English: Inyo (also pronounced Onmyo) Gogyo Shiso (Yin-Yang Wu-Xing Thought) is the idea that linked together the principles of Yin-Yang (positive and negative, light and shade) and Gogyo Shiso (Five Elements Theory) during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period in China.
Japanese: 陰陽五行思想（いんようごぎょうしそう、おんみょうごぎょうしそう）とは、中国の春秋戦国時代ごろに発生した陰陽と五行思想が結び付いて生まれた思想のこと。
English: It is also known as Inyo Gogyo Setsu (The Theory of Five Elements in Yin-Yang) or Inyo Gogyo Ron.
Japanese: 陰陽五行説（いんようごぎょうせつ）、陰陽五行論（いんようごぎょうろん）ともいう。
English: A combination of the cosmic dual forces ideology and Gogyo Shiso made it possible to explain more complicated things.
Japanese: 陰陽思想と五行思想との組み合わせによって、より複雑な事象の説明がなされるようになった。
English: The basis of Onmyo Gogyo Setsu is that the Ten Heavenly Stems in yin and yang combine in pairs, each pair corresponding to each of the Five Elements; 木, 火, 土, 金, 水 (moku, ka, do, gon, read as 'gon' not as 'kin', sui).
Japanese: 陰陽五行説の基本は、木、火、土、金、水、（もく、か、ど、ごん、すい、金は「きん」でなく「ごん」と読ませる）の五行にそれぞれ陰陽二つずつ配する。
English: "甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸" are read as "ko, otsu, hei, tei, bo, ki, ko, shin, jin, ki" by using on-yomi (the Chinese reading of kanji).
Japanese: 甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸、は音読みでは、こう、おつ、へい、てい、ぼ、き、こう、しん、じん、き、と読む。
English: While on-yomi makes it hard to understand how the ten stems corresponds to yin-yang and the Five Elements, kun-yomi (the Japanese reading of kanji) makes it easy to do so because these readings refer to each element; kinoe, kinoto, hinoe, hinoto, tsuchinoe, tsuchinoto, kanoe, kanoto, mizunoe, mizunoto (wood [ki], fire [hi], earth [tsuchi], and metal [ka], water [mizu]).
Japanese: 音読みでは陰陽と五行にどう対応しているか分かりにくいが、訓読みにすると、きのえ、きのと、ひのえ、ひのと、つちのえ、つちのと、かのえ、かのと、みずのえ、みずのと、となり、五行が明解になる（かのえ、かのと、は金）。
English: The basic principle of Wu Xing corresponding to the four seasons is that spring is moku, summer is ka, autumn is gon, and winter is sui.
Japanese: その前提として、四季に対応する五行は、春が木、夏が火、秋が金、冬は水である。
English: The famous 'Doyo No Ushi No Hi' (Midsummer Day of the Ox), occurs in the last month of summer.
Japanese: 有名な「土用の丑の日」は夏の最終月（土の月、土用）の丑の日（丑は土の五行）ということである。
English: In yin and yang of the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac, counting begins with ne (子), and odd-numbers are regarded as yang whilst even-numbers are regarded as yin.
Japanese: 十二支の陰陽は、子から数えていき、奇数番目は陽、偶数番目は陰となる。
English: When the ten stems and the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac are used together, yin and yang cannot be combined, however any combination of yin and yin or yang and yang is possible.
Japanese: 十干と十二支が組み合わさるとき、陰と陽の組み合わせはなく、陽と陽、陰と陰の組み合わせのみとなる。
English: Risshun (the first day of spring) is considered as the beginning of the year in the traditional calendar of Inyo Gogyo Setsu and the Chinese astrology centered around it.
Japanese: 陰陽五行説の暦、またそれをもとにした占いは、立春を一年の始まりとしている。
English: In addition, the starting point of each month is not the first day but the 12th of 24 'setsu' (divisions of the old calendar) in the first half of the month.
Japanese: また月の始まりも1日ではなく、二十四節気のうち月の前半に来る十二の節が月の始めになる。
English: As a result, 'the animal symbol of the year' in January is the same as that of the previous year and 'the animal symbol of the month' on March 3 is the same as that of the previous month one as well.
Japanese: だから1月の「年の干支」は前年の干支となるし、3月3日の「月の干支」は前月の干支となる。