nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Since 1873, Land-Tax Bureau of the Ministry of Finance had been proceeding Land-Tax Reform in full-scale.
Japanese: 1873年より、大蔵省租税寮を中心として地租改正の作業が本格的に進められていた。
English: However when the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs was divided from Ministry of Finance and established as an independent ministry, the project got delayed due to the influence from so-called 'sectionalism,' as seen in one of the departments of the Ministry of Finance that dealt with land measurement being separated off to the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs.
Japanese: しかし、同年11月に大蔵省から分離する形で内務省(日本)が創設されたところ、土地の測量などを扱った部門が大蔵省から内務省に分離されるなど所謂「縦割り」の影響によって事業の停滞を招いた。
English: In 1875, the Secretariat of Land-Tax Reform was established with officials from the Ministry of Finance and the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs.
Japanese: 1875年、大蔵・内務両省からスタッフを集めて地租改正事務局が設置された。
English: On April 29th, Toshimichi OKUBO, the Secretary of Interior, took office as the Secretariat Director General, Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of the Treasury, took office as Goyogakari (the person in charge of the command from Imperial Household Ministry) (the second highest position), and Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who was a Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of the Treasury and concurrently the Head of Land Tax, took office as Chief of Secretariat.
Japanese: 4月29日に事務局総裁に内務卿大久保利通、御用掛（次席）に大蔵卿大隈重信が就任し、大蔵少輔兼租税頭松方正義が局長に就任した。
English: The Secretariat commanded the provincial regulators, as well as answering inquiries from them.
Japanese: 同局は地方当局に対して指示を出すとともに、地方当局からの問い合わせに答えた。
English: Moreover, it promoted the Land-Tax Reform project by dispatching officials to various parts of country and giving direct commands and instructions on survey and land value calculation.
Japanese: 更に職員を各地に派遣して、測量や地価算定の直接指揮・指導することによって地租改正事業の促進を図った。
English: The Land-Tax Reform project had been completed and changed to Land-Tax (System) in most of the land by 1880; therefore it was demolished on June 30, 1881.
Japanese: 1880年までには大半の土地の地租改正事業を終えて地租への切替を終えたことから1881年6月30日をもって廃止された。
English: As the end of the Land-Tax Reform was declared, remaining works were taken over by Sozei-Kyoku (Land-Tax Bureau) (former Sozei-Ryo; Land-Tax Bureau).
Japanese: 事実上の地租改正終了が宣言され、残務は大蔵省租税局（旧・租税寮）に継承された。
English: Eiseiroku (a type of premium) was the highest ranked Shotenroku (premium) in early Meiji era, which was awarded to ones with merits for their contribution to the Boshin War and the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
Japanese: 永世禄（えいせいろく）とは、明治初期において王政復古(日本)及び戊辰戦争に功績のあった者に恩賞として与えられた賞典禄の内、最も上位に属するもの。
English: Similar to heredity stipend, the rewards were also passed on to their descendants (as mentioned later, this reward system was in fact abolished after seven years).
Japanese: 家禄と同様に無期限に給付され、子孫への世襲が許された（もっとも後述のように、実際には7年間で廃されている）。
English: The rewards were awarded to lords of domains, nobles, or warriors who demonstrated significant achievements over the Boshin War, or the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
Japanese: 王政復古から戊辰戦争にかけて活躍した藩主・公卿・藩士などに給付された。
English: Eiseiroku was considered superior for its perpetuity, unlike other rewards such as Shushinroku, which only lasted for a generation, Nengenroku, which had a fixed period of grant, and a one-off payment, which was not a horoku (salary).
Japanese: 本人1代のみの終身禄や期限が定められていた年限禄、俸禄ではなく一時金のみ支給されたものに比べて、永続性を持つ面においてより上位の待遇と言えた。
English: Shimazu clan (Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, Tadayoshi SHIMAZU and his children) and Mori clan (Takachika MORI, Hiroatsu MORI and his children) received 100,000 koku (18039.00 cubic meters) each, a feudal retainer Takamori SAIGO received 2,000 koku (360.78 cubic meter), and total of 101 individuals and 1 squad received rewards.
Japanese: 島津氏（島津久光・島津忠義親子）と毛利氏（毛利敬親・毛利広封親子）にはそれぞれ10万石、藩士では西郷隆盛が2,000石を与えられた他、総計で101名と1部隊が対象とされた。
English: Sanetomi SANJO and Tomomi IWAKURA received 5,000 koku (901.95 cubic meters) each, Toshimichi Okubo and Takayoshi Kido received 1,800 koku (324.70 cubic meters) each and total of 20 individuals received rewards.
Japanese: 三条実美・岩倉具視にそれぞれ5,000石、大久保利通・木戸孝允にそれぞれ1,800石など、総計で20名が対象とされた。
English: The purpose of these rewards were to guarantee living of those who had distinguished service in the Restoration, as well as to demand continuous assistance to Meiji government.
Japanese: これによって、維新の功労者に対して一定の生活保障と明治政府への引き続きの協力を要請するという意味も含まれていた。
English: However, total of above three rewards added up to 800,000 koku (144312.00 cubic meters), which was equal to total rokudaka (stipend) of taihan (large scale domain), and it became huge financial burden to Meiji government, which had a weak financial basis.
Japanese: だが、以上3つの総計が約80万石と大藩1つ分の禄高に相当し、財政基盤の弱い明治政府にとっては大きな財政負担となった。
English: Therefore, Eiseiroku and other Chitsuroku (hereditary stipend) were consolidated and converted to Kinroku-kosai (Kinroku government securities) when Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend) was practiced and Eiseiroku was abolished in the brief span of 7 years.
Japanese: このため、明治9年（1876年）の秩禄処分の際に、他の秩禄とともに金禄公債への整理・引換が行われ、永世禄はわずか7年間で廃止されたのである。
English: Tojo system is a way of city planning developed in the East Asia cultural sphere by absorbing the influence of Chinese imperial cities.
Japanese: 都城制（とじょうせい）とは東アジア文化圏において中国の都城の影響を受けた都市設計をいう。
English: In a broad sense, Tojo refers to city at large surrounded by walls (walled city) and, in a more limited sense, it refers to a capital or secondary capital city (Baito) designed and constructed in conformity with 'jobosei' (street plan of ancient capital) whose city area was surrounded by walls called 'Rajo'.
Japanese: 都城とは広義には城壁で囲まれた都市全般を指すが（→城郭都市）、狭義には「条坊制」に則って設計・建設された首都あるいは副都（陪都）で、「羅城」と呼ばれる城壁で市域を囲郭されたものをいう。
English: Jobosei is the rule of capital system stated by Kao Gong Ji (Records of technology, architecture, city planning etc.) in "Rites of Zhou," a classic of Confucianism, which defines Tojo as follows: (1) its shape is a square, nine li (li is an old Chinese unit of distance) on each side; (2) it has nine north-south streets and nine east-west streets, which are nine carriage tracks in width; and (3) the palace is located in the middle, with the alter of imperial ancestors on the east, the altar of soil and grain on the west, the imperial court on the south, and the market on the north.
Japanese: 条坊制は儒教の古典である『周礼』（しゅらい）考工記による都制の基準で、都城は9里の方形であること、南北9条、東西9坊の街路が走りその幅が車のわだちの9倍であること、中央に宮室を置きその左右に宗廟と社稷を配置すること、宮室の南には朝廷、北には市場を配すること、などが記されている。
English: It is not clear when this type of Tojo written in "The Rites of Zhou" came into practice, but such pure and simple application of Tojo system can hardly be seen throughout the Chinese history.
Japanese: 『周礼』に記された都城の態様がいつ頃から具現化されたのかは明らかではないが、中国の歴史上、このような純然たる都城制が採用されたケースはほとんど見ることができない。
English: Ye, the capital of Wei dynasty during the Three States Period (China) has been confirmed as tojo, and later Luoyang, the capital of Western Jin Dynasty, seems to have been built according to jobosei, while the details of capitals of Qin and Han remain vague.
Japanese: 秦漢の首都はいまだ詳細茫漠たるものであるが、確認できる都城址としては三国時代(中国)に入ってから魏(三国)が都したギョウ、その後の西晋朝洛陽では条坊制に則した都城が成立していたものと思われている。
English: More recent examples include Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song, whose downtown inclined slightly clockwise from the north-south central axis and in the middle of the downtown was an administrative district with its four corners facing almost perfectly to the north, south, east and west, and inside the the administrative district stood the imperial palace.
Japanese: さらに時代を下り、北宋の開封ではやや南北の中央線から時計回りに傾いた京城の中央に、ほぼ東西南北に隅角を揃えた皇城が、さらにその内側に宮城が置かれていた。
English: In Dadu of Yuan (Dynasty), the imperial palace was located slightly south to the center of the imperial city, surrounded by administrative districts.
Japanese: 元(王朝)の大都は都城の中央やや南寄りに宮城を配置しその周辺を皇城が囲んでいた。
English: The downtown of Beijing city, the capital of Ming and Qing Dynasties, was composed of the inner city with nine gates and the outer city, the expanded city area, and in the middle of the inner city was an administrative district, in center of which was the imperial palace, and this layout was also slightly different from Tojo of The Rites of Zhou.
Japanese: 明清の北京市城では京城は9つの門を持つ内城と拡張市域である外郭とに分かれ、内城中央に皇城、その中央に宮城を配するという形で、やはり周礼の都城とは若干違いがあった。
English: The palace of Beijing imperial city is called Forbidden City and its site now houses the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Japanese: ちなみに北京城の宮城は紫禁城といわれ現在北京の故宮博物院がその遺址である。
English: The most common layout of the Chinese ancient capitals placed the palace in the middle of the premises and many dynasties adopted similar Tojo system, but, on the other hand, Luoyang of Northern Wei and Changan of Sui and Tang Dynasty placed their palace in the center of northern end, to the south of which was the imperial court (town of kanga [government office], that is, an administrative district), and at further south were the east and west markets.
Japanese: このように京域中央に宮殿を配する制が中国の歴史上もっともよく見られる形であり、多くの王朝で同様の都城制が採用されていたが、北魏の首都洛陽、隋唐朝の長安では宮殿を都城の北端中央に配し、その南に朝廷（官衙街＝皇城）、さらに南方に東西の市を配するという方式がとられた。
English: This type of system was rarely seen in the Chinese history but the ancient Japan adopted it as its model.
Japanese: これは中国の歴史においては異例に属する制度であったが、古代の日本ではこれを範として都城制が採用されていった。
English: There are opinions that Japanese Tojo was also influenced by Shijin-soo (an ideal topography for the four Taoist gods, with a river in the east, a broad avenue in the west, a basin in the south, and a hill in the north), an idea of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements).
Japanese: 日本の都城には他に陰陽道における「四神相応」の思想が影響を及ぼしているという意見もある。
English: The proclamation of Taika no Kaishin (Great Reformation of the Taika Era) announced in 646 tells that 'the capital was established for the first time' and 'it placed a cho (leader) in every bo (approximately 550-meter-square city block bounded by major streets) and rei (senior leader) in every four bo, which suggests the introduction of Chinese Tojo system to Japan in fairly early times.
Japanese: 646年、大化の改新の改新の詔に「初めて京師を修む」とあり、「京は坊毎ニ長一人を置き、四坊に令一人を置く」となっており、古くから中国の都城制が知られていたことがうかがわれる。
English: The first capital that actually adopted Tojo system, as far as we can ascertain, was Fujiwara-kyo, which was established in 694.
Japanese: 実際に都城制が導入された初めての都は、確認できる限り、694年の藤原京が最初であろうといわれている。
English: The influence of Luoyang of Northern Wei has been pointed out in the layout of Fujiwara-kyo, for its characteristics such as the area surrounded by the ancient paths in Yamato Province (Nakatsu Michi, Shimotsu Michi, Yokooji and Yamada Michi), the streets dividing the city into twelve rows and eight columns (each of the east and west towns devided into four), three gates attached on each of the north, south, east and west walls (twelve in total), the imperial palace located slightly north to the center and a pond park located further north.
Japanese: 藤原京は大和の古道（中ツ道・下ツ道・横大路・山田道）に囲われた領域に南北12条東西4坊ずつの街路が整備され、東西南北3門ずつ計12門を持ち、宮城は市域の中央北寄りに位置しており、その北には苑池が配されていたとことなどから、北魏洛陽城の影響が指摘されている。
English: It showed further development by equipping largely-widened Suzaku-oji Street and Rajo-mon Gate, even though it had only nine rows and eight columns.
Japanese: 9条8坊でありながら、道幅を大幅に拡充した朱雀大路や羅城門を備えるなど、一層発展を深めたものとなった。
English: The Japanese capital developed and moved to Nagaoka-kyo in 784 and Heian-kyo in 794 but it is yet to be known whether the development was directly inspired by Changan of Sui and Tang or was accomplished within Japan, originating in Fujiwara-kyo.
Japanese: その後、784年の長岡京、794年の平安京へと発展推移していくが、これらの都城が隋唐の長安城から直接の影響を受けたものか、藤原京から日本独自の発展を遂げたものかについては明確となっていない。
English: Japanese Tojo were characterized by the lack of the alter of imperial ancestors and the altar of soil and grain, which were the features of Chinese Tojo, and by the absence of Rajo to surround the city, which was seen in the mainland China, or if any, it stretched only several dozen meters horizontally from Rajo-mon Gate.
Japanese: 日本の都城の特徴としては、中国に見られるような宗廟と社稷が見られず、大陸にあるような京師を囲う羅城が存在しないか、あっても羅城門の東西数十メートルに過ぎなかったことである。
English: Zanpatsu Datto Rei is an edict of the Grand Council of State submitted by Meiji government in September 23, 1871.
Japanese: 散髪脱刀令（さんぱつだっとうれい）とは、明治4年8月9日(旧暦)（1871年9月23日）に明治政府によって出された太政官布告。
English: Although the tendency of not knotting the top-hair was already common since Western-styled military system was adapted in the last days of Tokugawa Shogunate, the edict formally given a freedom of forming their own hairstyle and noble and warrior class to not yield their swords at all time, stating 'one shall chose to have hair cut or to leave one's sword' (a prohibition was issued regarding to common people to wear a sword in the previous year, February 16, 1871).
Japanese: 幕末に洋式軍制の導入が始まって以後、ちょんまげを結わずに散髪する風潮が広まりつつあったが、この日「散髪脱刀勝手たるべし」として髪型については勝手にし、華族・士族が刀を差さなくても構わないとした（なお、庶民の帯刀については前年12月27日(旧暦)（1871年2月16日）に改めて禁止令が出されている）。
English: It is a common misconception that Zanpatsu Datto Rei by all mean ordered the forcible hair cutting by forbidding topknots, but rather, it conveyed a freedom of hairstyle.
Japanese: なお、勘違いされることもあるが、散髪脱刀令は髷を禁止して散髪を強制する布告ではなく、髪型を自由にして構わないという布告である。
English: People like Kenkichi SAKAKIBARA kept his topknot even after the edict was officially announced, but was not punished in any ways.
Japanese: 榊原鍵吉のように、布告以降も髷をしていた者もいたが、特に罰せられてはいない。
English: In March 1873, The Meiji Emperor had his haircut and then many, mainly government officials, also followed and had haircut.
Japanese: これを受けて明治6年（1873年）3月には明治天皇も散髪を行い、官吏を中心にこれに従うものが増えていった。
English: For its modest sentiment, the purpose of Zanpatsu Datto Rei is now recognized as the very first attempt to prohibit wearing a sword as a part of policy to take away the rights of warrior class, of whom could cause the uprising if the policy simply forced seizure of their swords, which were believed to be 'the soul of samurai.'
Japanese: だが、この法令の目的の1つには廃藩置県を受けて、旧武士に対する特権廃止の一環として帯刀の禁止が検討されたものの、「武士の魂」と信じられていた刀を直ちに取り上げることは士族反乱につながる可能性がある為に様子見の一環として出されたとされている。
English: In May 11, 1872, Tokyo Prefecture issued 'Jyoshi Danpatsu Kinshi Rei' (The order of prohibition of haircutting for women).
Japanese: ちなみに、翌明治5年4月5日(旧暦)（1872年5月11日）に東京府が「女子断髪禁止令」を出している。
English: This policy was created as women misunderstood the true meaning of Zanpatsu Datto Rei and started to have their hair short.
Japanese: これは散髪脱刀令の趣旨を「女子も散髪すべきである」と誤解した女性が男性同様の短髪にすることがあったためである。
English: In Fukui Prefecture, one group which opposed Zanpatsu Datto Rei caused uprising, resulting the death penalty of six individuals.
Japanese: 福井県では断髪令に反対する一揆が発生し、6人が騒乱罪で死刑となっている。
English: Okuma finance refers to the financial policy promoted by Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of the Treasury (concurrently filled a post of Councilor) in early Meiji Period.
Japanese: 大隈財政（おおくまざいせい）とは、明治初期に大蔵卿大隈重信（参議兼務）によって推進された財政政策のこと。
English: Okuma, who was from Hizen Province and used to work for Office of Foreign Affairs (later Ministry of Foreign Affairs), started to handle financial matters, as a revelation of a mass issuance of bad money (false currency) by the Edo Shogunate, the Meiji government and various domains triggered a flood of protests from foreign countries, and thus diplomatic negotiation suddenly became necessary for the currency reform of the Meiji government (Takanawa negotiation).
Japanese: 元来、外国官（後の外務省）にいた肥前藩出身の大隈が財政を扱うようになったのは、江戸幕府及び明治政府及び諸藩による大量の悪金（贋金）発行の事実が発覚し、諸外国より抗議が殺到したことにより、明治政府の貨幣改革に一転して外交交渉が付随することになった特殊事情によるものである（高輪談判）。
English: Okuma initially made efforts toward the enactment of the New Currency Regulation, introduction of budget system, construction of Mint Bureau (Japan) and Printing Bureau, implementation of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) and land-tax reform with support from a councilor Takayoshi KIDO and by employing Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE, who were from the same Choshu Domain as Kido, and Eichi SHIBUSAWA, a former retainer of shogun.
Japanese: 大隈は当初は参議木戸孝允の支援を受け、木戸と同じ長州藩出身の伊藤博文・井上馨や旧幕臣の渋沢栄一らを登用して、新貨条例制定、予算制度導入、造幣局(日本)・印刷局の建設、廃藩置県・地租改正の実施などに尽力する。
English: Toshimichi OKUBO got so alarmed by the radical line of Kido and Okuma, therefore he brought Ryosuke TOKUNO and Masayoshi MATSUKATA into the Ministry of Treasury in attempted to put a brake on Okuma.
Japanese: こうした急進的な木戸・大隈路線に大久保利通は警戒を強め、得能良介・松方正義ら薩摩藩出身者を大蔵省に入れて大隈を牽制しようとした
English: However he later made a compromise with Kido and Okuma line; Okuma concurrently filled post of a councilor in 1870 and succeed to the post of Minister of Treasury from Okubo in 1873.
Japanese: しかし、後には木戸・大隈路線に譲歩し、1870年に大隈は参議を兼ね、1873年に大久保が兼ねていた大蔵卿を譲られることになったのである。
English: Okuma's policies were to stabilize the Meiji Government's financial base by Haihan-chiken, land-tax reform and Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend), to promote a modern trade and craft industry (encouragement of new industry) by building government-owned factories, and to develop private entrepreneurs by injecting government funds through National Bank (Meiji).
Japanese: 大隈の政策は廃藩置県・地租改正・秩禄処分を通じて明治政府の財政基盤を安定させ、近代的な商工業育成（殖産興業）のために官営工場を建設するとともに、国立銀行_(明治)を通じて政府資金を導入して民間事業者の育成に努めた。
English: He aimed at modernizing Japanese financial, economic and industrial sectors as well as improving the balance of international payments through these policies.
Japanese: これによって国際収支を改善するとともに、日本の金融・経済・産業の近代化を図ろうとしたのである。
English: But these policies required a large amount of funds, which forced him to temporarily rely on government bonds, foreign government bonds and large-scale issuance of inconvertible paper currency.
Japanese: ところが、この政策を推進するためには多額の資金が必要であり、国債や外国公債による資金や不換紙幣の大量発行に一時的に依存せざるを得なかった。
English: Moreover, he had to face inflation from 1878 because revolts by family or person with samurai ancestors, such as Saga War and Seinan War, caused unexpected financial spending.
Japanese: 更に佐賀の乱や西南戦争などの士族反乱によって予定外の財政支出が生じたため、1878年以後にインフレーションに悩まされることになった。
English: By a curious coincidence, Okubo was assassinated in the same year, which led Okuma, who became the head Councilor, to run the government in cooperation with Hirobumi ITO, who succeeded the post of Secretary of Interior from Okubo, with Tomomi IWAKURA as the Minister of the Right.
Japanese: 奇しくもこの年に大久保が暗殺され、筆頭参議となった大隈は大久保の後を受けて内務卿となった伊藤博文とともに、右大臣岩倉具視を擁しながら政府を運営することになった。
English: Okuma was pressed to trim public bonds and paper money in order to deal with the inflation, so he drew up 'Estimate of redemption of public bond and paper money' in 1878 to stipulate a redemption plan which would be completed by 1905, but he revised it the very next year to create 'Measures to redeem government bonds and paper money' ('Measures to reduce bond') and committed himself in saving government funds by curbing spending on local issues, increasing indirect tax and establishing Yokohama Specie Bank.
Japanese: 大隈はインフレーションに対応するための公債・紙幣の整理策を求められ、同年に「公債及び紙幣償還概算書」を作り1905年までの償還を計画したものの、翌年にはこれを改訂した「国債紙幣償却方法」（「減債方策」）を作成して、地方への支出抑制、間接税の増加、横浜正金銀行の設立などを行って政府資金の蓄積に尽くした。
English: At the same time, he announced to transfer the control of government-owned factories to private sector as part of disposition of government property, but he did not abandon the encouragement of new industry policy itself which was aligned with high officers from Satsuma Domain, who believed the encouragement of new industry was the wish of Okubo, and the young bureaucrats (including Yasuyo ISHIMARU and Shigetomo ISHIBASHI) from Hizen Domain, who entered the Ministry of the Treasury under the leadership of Okuma.
Japanese: 同時に官有物の払い下げによって官営工場の民間移管を表明したが、大隈は殖産興業政策そのものは放棄せず、殖産興業を大久保の遺志と考える薩摩藩出身の高官や大隈の下で大蔵省に起用された肥前藩出身の若手官僚（石丸安世・石橋重朝ら）も同調した。
English: In February 1880, the posts of Councilor and Minister were separated at the proposal of Ito, which Okuma showed his approval by appointing Tsunetami SANO as his successor and assigning himself to 'Kaikeibu Bunsho (a officer of accounting section)' (administrator of fiscal policy).
Japanese: 1880年2月に伊藤博文の提案で参議と卿の分離が実施され、大隈は同郷の佐野常民を後任として自らを「会計部分掌」（財政担当）参議とすることでこれを受け入れた。
English: In the meantime, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, from Satsuma Domain, discontent with Okuma who would not carry out a radical financial reform, left the Ministry of the Treasury to take the position of Minister of Interior to replace Ito at the occasion of Sano's assumption of Minister of the Treasury.
Japanese: 一方、薩摩藩出身ながら抜本的な財政改革に踏み切らない大隈に不満を抱いていた大蔵大輔の松方正義は佐野の大蔵卿就任と同時に伊藤の後任の内務卿に転じて大蔵省を去った。
English: On May 14, Okuma proposed a radical paper money consolidation plan which he had drawn in his Minister of the Treasury age.
Japanese: 5月14日、大隈は大蔵卿時代に作成した抜本的な紙幣整理案を提案した。
English: This proposed administration and financial adjustment as well as to raise loan of 50-million-yen worth foreign government bonds to redeem all the inconvertible paper money at once.
Japanese: これによれば行財政整理とともに新たに5,000万円の外債を募集して一気に不換紙幣を償却するというものであった。
English: Hirobumi ITO opposed it saying that 50 million yen corresponded to the 80% of the financial revenue at the time and 1.3 times the land tax income, and Matsukata too, who had made transition to the Minister of Interior, opposed it by calling it inappropriate as a measure to consolidate paper money.
Japanese: 伊藤博文は5,000万円は当時の財政収入の8割・地租収入の1.3倍にあたり過大すぎると反対し、内務卿に転じていた松方も紙幣整理の方法としては不適切として反対した。
English: Unexpectedly, Sano, the Minister of the Treasury who was in direct line from Okuma, expressed objection, besides Takayuki SASAKI, close advisor to the Emperor Meiji embracing the will of the Emperor, lodged a protest that the proposal contradicted with the 'Emperor's Thoughts on Diligence and Thriftiness' announced by the Emperor Meiji the year before.
Japanese: そして、意外にも大隈直系の佐野大蔵卿も反対を表明、更に明治天皇側近の佐々木高行が天皇の意思を奉じて、前年に明治天皇が出した「勤倹の聖旨」と本提案は矛盾すると申し入れを行った。
English: Implying to warn against Councilors (Ito and Okuma), who carried out policies without consulting him, Tomomi IWAKURA denied Okuma proposal by winning Emperor Meiji's instructions on June 3, taking advantage of Sasaki's move even though Iwakura opposed to Sasaki's way of directly exploiting Emperor's will.
Japanese: 岩倉具視は佐々木の天皇の意向を直接利用した方法には反対であったが、自分に相談無く政策を進める参議（伊藤・大隈）への牽制を目的にこれに乗る形で6月3日に明治天皇の勅諭を得ることによって大隈案を否定したのである。
English: But Iwakura's alternative plan too was rejected, which gained only a little support from Kiyotaka KURODA and a few others because it suggested to pay land tax by rice which means a return to nengu (annual tribute, land tax) system of Edo Period, so Okuma and Ito ended up drawing another alternative plan.
Japanese: だが、岩倉による代案が地租の米納復帰と言う江戸時代の年貢への復帰という提案であっために、黒田清隆ら一部の支持を得たのみでこれも否決され、最終的に大隈と伊藤が代案を作成するという結論に落ち着いたのである。
English: However Iwakura stiffened his attitude when he heard of Okuma's secret report to Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito, Minister of the Left, concerning the introduction of constitutional monarchy and of Okuma's proposal for the introduction of parliamentary cabinet system.
Japanese: ところが、立憲制導入を巡る大隈の左大臣有栖川宮熾仁親王への密奏と議院内閣制の導入提案が岩倉の態度を硬化させた。
English: Iwakura also took the proposal by Yasuyo ISHIMARU and Shigetomo ISHIBASHI to call off the disposal of Hokkaido Development Commissioner's property for its 'unjustifiably low price' as Okuma's conspiracy with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, so a conference in the presence of the Emperor was convened by request from Iwakura where the dismissal of Okuma as Councilor, removal of Sano as Minister of the Treasury, and transference of Matsukata as Secretary of Interior were decided.
Japanese: さらに開拓使官有物払下げ事件に際して出された石丸安世・石橋重朝の「不当廉価」を理由とした払い下げ中止の提議が、自由民権運動と結んだ大隈の謀略として受け止められ、岩倉らの要求によって御前会議が招集され、大隈の参議免官と佐野大蔵卿の更迭、後任に松方内務卿の転任が決定された。
English: The Gyojisho came into existence in the Daijoe (first ceremonial offering of rice by newly-enthroned Emperor) and so on in about the middle ninth century, gradually grew into a functionality-oriented project team in various regular/temporal rites and festivals, and dealt with general affairs of rites and festivals including supplying necessary goods.
Japanese: 行事所（ぎょうじしょ）は、9世紀中頃に大嘗祭（だいじょうえ）などに現れ、徐々に恒常・臨時を問わず様々な行事に設けられた機能性を重視したプロジェクトチームであり、必要な物資の調達を含む行事事務全般を取り仕切る。
English: The Shokei was able to report to an emperor through Kurodo (Chamberlain) or the court, not via the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), asking for instructions from a Sekkan (regent to the emperor) as needed.
Japanese: 上卿は太政官機構を経由せずに、必要に応じて摂関の指示を仰ぎ、蔵人や殿上弁を通じて天皇への奏上を行った。
English: From the middle tenth century, this Gyojisho, as an independent economic base, began to collect clothing from various districts and became an important pillar of executing imperial court affairs.
Japanese: 10世紀後半からはこの行事所が、独自の経済基盤として、召し物を諸国から徴収するようになり、朝廷諸行事執行の重要な柱となっている。