nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Taro KATSURA, Prime Minister, expected the alliance with the Seiyu party in order to stabilize the political situation during the war and made a secret promise with Takashi HARA that he would transfer the position of Prime Minister to Saionji (however, the recent study on the diaries kept by Hara and Katsura proved that, at first, they did not clarify the date of transfer and that they decided the date, with a sense of crisis about the weakened Katsura cabinet after the Hibiya Incendiary Incident).
Japanese: 桂太郎首相は、戦争中の政局の安定を図るため、立憲政友会との提携を希望して原敬との間で次の政権は政友会総裁の西園寺公望に禅譲するという政権授受の密約を交わす（ただし近年の原と桂の双方の日記の研究によって、当初はその時期を明確にしていなかったこと、日比谷焼討事件後の桂内閣の弱体化に危機感を抱いた双方の合意によって具体的な時期が定まったことが明らかになっている）。
English: However, since many were killed or injured in the war and people suffered from repeated tax increase such as emergency special taxes, their frustration and fury led to the Hibiya Incendiary Incident.
Japanese: だが、多くの死傷者と度重なる非常特別税などの増税に苦しんだ民衆の不満は日比谷焼討事件となって爆発した。
English: The cabinet fulfilled its role to some extent; it concluded the Treaty of Portsmouth, the second Eulsa Treaty and Japan-China-Manchuria Treaty.
Japanese: また外交面ではポーツマス条約・第2次日韓協約・日清満州善後条約の締結によって一応の役割を果たした。
English: The cabinet resigned en masse in December, 1905 and the imperial command to form a cabinet was given to Kinmochi SAIONJI, as it had been promised.
Japanese: このため、1905年（明治38年）12月に総辞職して、約束通りに西園寺公望に組閣の大命が下ることとなった。
English: Katsura was in office for 1,681 days, the longest for one cabinet in Japanese political history.
Japanese: その在任期間は1681日で、1つの内閣としては日本憲政史上最長である。
English: Thereafter, the time from the end of Russo-Japanese war and the coup in 1913 was called "Kei-En era" (Katsura-Saionji era): Katsura, supported by Aritomo YAMAGATA, a Genro and Saionji, supported by Hirobumi ITO, another Genro, took turns becoming a Prime Minister and forming his cabinet.
Japanese: 以後、元老・山縣有朋に支えられた桂と元老・伊藤博文に支えられた西園寺が交互に首班となって組閣したことから、の日露戦争後から、の大正二年の政変までの時期を桂園時代（けいえんじだい）と呼ぶ。
English: Kinmochi SAIONJI, the president of Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government Party), became Prime Minister, succeeding to Taro KATSURA, based on the promise made between them during the Russo-Japanese War (since Katsura was afraid of Genro [elder statesmen]'s interference, he didn't assemble Council of Genro: he only got the approval from Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE, both of whom were Saionji's guardians, for that transfer of power).
Japanese: 日露戦争中に桂太郎との間で交わされた約束によって立憲政友会総裁である西園寺公望が後継に就任した（なお、この禅譲は元老の干渉を恐れた桂が事前に西園寺の後見人である伊藤博文と井上馨の許可を取ったのみで、元老会議は召集されなかった）。
English: Katsura and Genro restricted Saionji's power by making conditions on policies and personnel affairs; Saionji came to terms with them on the condition that Takashi HARA and Masahisa MATSUDA, the two most trusted assistants, would be in the cabinet.
Japanese: だが、桂と元老は人事や政策に条件を付けて制約をかけ、西園寺も自分の両腕と言える原敬と松田正久の2人だけを入閣させる条件で折り合った。
English: Katsura considered himself as the guardian of the cabinet and tried to influence Saionji's handling of the government, which led to the delicate politics with Takashi HARA, Minister of Home Affairs.
Japanese: 桂はこの内閣の後見人を自負して、政権運営にまで関与しようとしたために内務大臣(日本)原敬との微妙な政治的駆け引きを行うこととなる。
English: While the cabinet pursued the policy complying with Genro like Aritomo YAMAGATA and Katsura, such as making The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, Russo-Japanese Agreement and French-Japanese Agreement, it continued to make efforts in order to realize party politics; in order to reform Ministry of Home Affairs, which was the power base for Yamagata, the cabinet tried to abolish the County system, only to fail; the cabinet succeeded in taking members of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) into the Cabinet.
Japanese: 鉄道国有化や第3次日韓協約・日露協約・日仏協約の締結など、山縣有朋ら元老や桂の意に沿った政策を遂行する一方で、山縣の支持基盤である内務省(日本)改革のために郡制の廃止を計画して失敗したり、貴族院議員の入閣を実現させるなど、政党政治実現に向けた努力は続けられた。
English: Two months after the establishment of the cabinet, Takaaki KATO, Minister of Foreign Affairs, resigned because he was against the nationalization of railways (in fact, however, he is said to have resigned due to his health problem).
Japanese: 成立から2ヶ月後に加藤高明外務大臣(日本)が鉄道国有化に反対して辞任した。（ただし、実際には健康問題が絡んでいたとされている。）
English: After that, when both Isaburo YAMAGATA, the Minister of Correspondence and Yoshio SAKATANI, Minister of Finance, were going to hand in their resignationletters to the Emperor Meiji after their conflict over the railway budget problem, Saionji, who was only expected to take them to the emperor, handed in his own letter of resignation; Hara and Masatake TERAUCHI, Minister of Army, worked very hard to persuade Saionji to take back his resignation.
Japanese: 続いて山縣伊三郎逓信大臣と阪谷芳郎大蔵大臣が鉄道予算の問題で対立して共に辞表を明治天皇に提出しようとした際には、両名を天皇の前に連れてくるだけの西園寺までが辞表を提出してしまい、原と寺内正毅陸軍大臣が必死に説得して西園寺の辞表のみを撤回させる騒ぎも起きた。
English: In the tenth general election of members of the House of Representatives, the Seiyu party won 187 seats, and almost became the majority; Aritomo YAMAGATA, who feared the stability of the party, reported to the throne that the cabinet was not effective in its financial policy or regulation of socialism.
Japanese: 第10回衆議院議員総選挙において過半数に迫る187議席を獲得したものの、政友会の基盤が確固たるものになることを警戒した山縣有朋から財政政策の不備と社会主義取締の緩さを問題視する上奏が行われた。
English: Saionji regarded it as Yamagata's demand to replace Matsuda (Minister of Finance) and Hara (Interior Minister) and his cabinet resigned en masse (recently, the following are considered as the reasons of the resignation: the anti-Seiyuto maneuver by Katsura was revealed; it would be difficult to carry out Kaoru INOUE's demand for financial reconstruction by increasing tax revenue.
Japanese: これを松田（蔵相）と原（内相）の更迭要求と見た西園寺はこれを機に総辞職をすることとなった（近年では、桂による反政友会工作の発覚や井上馨による増税による財政再建要求が実現困難であったことも原因として挙げられている。
English: Hara and others were not informed of the resign en mess until it was reported to the throne).
Japanese: なお、原たちは総辞職の上奏が行われるまでその事実を知らされていなかった）。
English: The Seiyu party in that cabinet achieved great results, compared with the fourth Ito's cabinet, most of which were the members of the Seiyu party and did nothing except giving chaos; in other words, the party in the first Saionji's cabinet established support in the bureaucracy and the House of Peers.
Japanese: だが、閣内少数派であったとは言え、政友会党員が閣僚の殆どを占めながら終始混乱で終わった第4次伊藤内閣と比較すれば、官界や貴族院にも支持勢力を形成出来た事など、政友会にとっては大きな成果も伴った。
English: Soho TOKUTOMI attributed the true failure of the cabinet to Saionji's excessive dependence on Katsura, his 'sworn friend'; Soho criticized the cabinet by saying, '(SAIONJI) depended on Buddha (KATSURA) and went down to the hell (resign en masse).' (Taisho seikyoku shiron [A Political History of the Taisho Era])
Japanese: なお、徳富蘇峰は「（西園寺は）仏（桂）を頼んで地獄（総辞職）に落ちた」と評し（『大正政局史論』）、西園寺の度を越えた「盟友」桂への依存が政権崩壊の真の原因と評している。
English: The Conspiracy of Yoshikazu HIKI is a coup within the Kamakura bakufu that took place on October 15, 1203 in the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 比企能員の変（ひきよしかずのへん）は鎌倉時代初期の建仁3年（1203年）9月2日(旧暦)、鎌倉幕府内部で起こったクーデターである。
English: It was an incident that Yoshikazu HIKI and his family, who exerted power as a maternal relative of the second Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") MINAMOTO no Yoriie, were destroyed by the Hojo clan.
Japanese: 北条氏によって、2代征夷大将軍源頼家の外戚として権勢をふるった比企能員とその一族が滅ぼされた事件。
English: In "Azuma Kagami" (the Mirror of the East), a history book assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso (head of the Hojo clan), the progress of the incident is described as follows:
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと見られる後代史書吾妻鏡によれば事件の経過は以下の如くである：
English: Yoshikazu HIKI was an adopted son of Hikinoama who was a wet nurse of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and his wife was a wet nurse of Manju, the first son of Yoritomo (who was to become MINAMOTO no Yoriie), so he gained Yoritomo's trust and became one of the senior vassals.
Japanese: 源頼朝の乳母の比企尼の養子であり、妻が頼朝の嫡男万寿（後の源頼家）の乳母ともなった比企能員は、頼朝に信頼され有力御家人となった。
English: When Yoriie became the second Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians", also called Shogun) after Yoritomo died, Yoshikazu became a member of the 13-person parliamentary system.
Japanese: 頼朝没後、頼家が二代征夷大将軍となると能員は十三人の合議制の1人に加えられた。
English: In addition, Yoshikazu's daughter, Wakasa no Tsubone became Yoriie's concubine and gave a birth to the first son Ichiman, so he became a maternal relative of the shogun as well.
Japanese: さらに、能員の娘の若狭局が頼家の妾となり長子一幡を産み、将軍の外戚ともなった。
English: Masako HOJO (Ama Midai [wife of shogun who became a priestess]) and her father Tokimasa HOJO felt a sense of crisis about the rise of the Hiki clan.
Japanese: この比企氏の台頭に危機感を持ったのが、頼家の母北条政子（尼御台）とその父北条時政である。
English: Masako and Tokimasa were afraid that the Hiki clan would replace the Hojo clan and seize power, so they tried to exclude the Hiki clan.
Japanese: 政子と時政は、比企氏が北条氏に取って代わり政権を掌握することを恐れ、比企氏の排除を謀る。
English: Masako and Tokimasa, without consultation with Yoshikazu, decided to have Ichiman and Senman govern separate parts of the country by assigning Yoriie's first son Ichiman the posts of jito (provincial constable) of the 28 provinces in the Gokinai capital region, Tokai and Higashiyama regions and So-shugo (master of provincial constables) and Yoriie's younger brother Senman (who was to become MINAMOTO no Sanetomo) the post of jito of the 38 provinces in Hokuriku, Sanyo, Sanin, Nankai and Shikai, respectively.
Japanese: 政子と時政は能員に諮ることなく、五畿内・東海・東山の28カ国地頭職と総守護職を頼家の長子一幡に、北陸・山陽・山陰・南海・四海の38カ国地頭職を頼家の弟千幡（後の源実朝）に分割させることを決めた。
English: On October 15, Yoshikazu planned to retaliate against the Hojo clan and appealed to Yoriie in his sickbed through Wakasa no Tsubone about the Hojo's arbitrary decision.
Japanese: 9月2日、能員は北条氏へ巻き返しを図るべく、若狭局を通じて病床の頼家に北条氏の専断を訴えた。
English: As Yoriie had been dissatisfied about the Hojo clan which exercised power over shogun, he responded to Yoshikazu's appeal and issued an order to suppress the Hojo clan.
Japanese: かねてから北条氏によって将軍の権力を押さえつけられていたことに不満を持っていた頼家は能員の訴えに応じて、北条氏討伐を命じた。
English: Masako immediately sent a nyobo (court lady) and let Tokimasa know about Yoriie and Yoshikazu hatching a plot together, who was on his way back to the Hojo's residence in Nagoe.
Japanese: 政子はすぐさま、名越の北条邸に帰宅途中の時政に使いの女房を送り、頼家と能員の密謀を知らせる。
English: As Yoshikazu did not know that the conspiracy had been already known by the Hojo's, he entered the Hojo's residence in plain clothes and with a small number of attendants.
Japanese: 能員は密謀が北条氏に知られているとは全く気づかず、平服で僅かな供とともに北条邸に入った。
English: Then Tokage AMANO and Tadatsune NITA jumped on Yoshikazu and killed him on the spot.
Japanese: そこを天野遠景と仁田忠常が躍りかかり、たちまち能員を討ち取ってしまった。
English: Ama Midai Masako deputized for the shogun on his sickbed and issued the command for putting down the Hiki clan to the vassals in Kamakura.
Japanese: 尼御台政子が病床の将軍代行となり、比企氏討伐令が鎌倉の御家人に発せられる。
English: Though the Hiki family fought to protect Ichiman and Wakasa no Tsubone, they had no chance to win as they were outnumbered by the Hojo.
Japanese: 比企一族は一幡と若狭局を守って戦うが、多勢に無勢で勝ち目はなかった。
English: The Hiki family who exerted power as Yoriie's maternal relative was destroyed only in one day.
Japanese: 頼家の外戚として権勢を誇った比企一族は、たった一日で滅亡してしまった。
English: Ironically Yoriie recovered from illness a few days later and became furious to know the fall of his father-in-law's clan as well as the death of Ichiman and Wakasa no Tsubone.
Japanese: 数日後、皮肉にも頼家が病から回復、舅の比企一族の滅亡と一幡、若狭局の死を知り激怒した。
English: However, Yoshimori WADA betrayed Yoriie by sending this migyosho to the Hojo and Tadatsune NITA was killed.
Japanese: しかし和田義盛はこの御教書を北条方へ送って頼家を裏切り、仁田忠常は滅ぼされた。
English: Within the same day (October 20), Yoriie was stripped of the shogunship and confined in Shuzen-ji Temple by Ama midai Masako's order and Sanetomo assumed the shogunship.
Japanese: その日(9月7日)のうちに尼御台政子の命で頼家は将軍職を剥奪された上伊豆国修善寺へ幽閉され、実朝が将軍職を継いだ。
English: The above is the progress of the incident described in the history book "Azuma Kagami", assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso, but the further background of the incident was considered as follows.
Japanese: 以上は主に鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと考えられる後代史書『吾妻鏡』の記述によった事件の経過だが、事件の背景としてはさらに次のようなことが考えられる。
English: According to "Meigetsuki" (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) by FUJIWARA no Sadaie, the envoy from Kamakura who arrived at the Imperial court on October 20 reported that Yoriie died on October 14 and requested to approve Sanetomo's assumption of shogun.
Japanese: 藤原定家の『明月記』によると9月7日に鎌倉からの使者が到着して、頼家が1日に死去したと報じ、朝廷に実朝の将軍就任要請をしたと伝えている。
English: If this description is true, it is highly possible that the envoy from the bakufu made a false report prepared in advance because Yoriie was alive at this point.
Japanese: この記録を信じるならば、この時点で頼家は存命していたわけであるし、幕府の使者があらかじめ用意された偽りの報告をした可能性が高い。
English: The day when the envoy reportedly arrived in Kyoto, October 20, was exactly the day that Yoriie entered the priesthood.
Japanese: 使者が京都に到着したという9月7日は、まさに頼家が出家した日でもある。
English: "Azuma Kagami" did not mention about the cause of death of Yoriie, but it can be deemed that Yoriie was assassinated.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』は頼家の死因についてとくに記していないが、おそらく暗殺されたと見てよかろう。
English: If the above description is true it could be considered that the incident itself was a conspiracy meticulously prepared in advance.
Japanese: 以上のことが事実であるとすれば、事件そのものが用意周到な謀略であったと見ることもできよう。
English: Based on the above, there could be one view that the very conspiracy hatched by Yoshikazu and Yoriie was falsified by the Hojo clan after the whole incident was over.
Japanese: このことから、事件の発端となった能員と頼家の密謀そのものが事件後に北条氏によってでっちあげられた捏造であったとする見方も成り立つ。
English: After this incident, a series of political strife between the Hojo and the senior vassals occurred, so this incident is deemed as the beginning of them.
Japanese: この事件以後おもに北条氏と有力御家人との間の政争が続くため、この事件をその発端と考える見方である。
English: One thing that should not be ignored at the same time is that, behind this incident, there could be a conflict between the shogun trying to strengthen a tyrannical control and his trusted vassals and the senior vassals in the togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) existed.
Japanese: ただ同時に見逃せないのは、この事件の背景に専制を強める将軍およびその近臣勢力と東国有力御家人との対立が考えられることである。
English: The Hojo clan would inherit the title of shikken (regent) of the Kamakura bakufu at a later time, but at the time of this incident, they did not have that much power.
Japanese: 後世鎌倉幕府の執権職を世襲する北条氏であるが、この事件当時それほど大きな力を持っていたわけではない。
English: Even if this incident was their conspiracy, it would be impossible to be carried out without the support of the leading gokenin (vassals).
Japanese: この事件が謀略であったとして、幕府内の有力な東国御家人の支持なくしては実行不可能であったはずである。
English: If so, although the action by the Hojo clan is seemingly notable, the incident can be considered to have developed with the agreement of the senior vassals in the togoku.
Japanese: とすれば、表面的に北条氏の活躍が目立つものの、実際は東国有力御家人の諒解のもとにこの事件は進行したと考えられる。
English: According to "Azuma Kagami", Masako ordered the suppression of the Hiki clan and the confinement of Yoriie as well as she was actively involved in making Ichiman and Senman govern separate parts of the country as shugo after Yoriie's death, with which the incident started.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』の記述によれば、比企氏討伐も頼家の幽閉も政子の「仰」であったとされるし、事件の発端となった頼家死後の一幡と千幡の諸国守護の分掌も政子の積極的な関与が見て取れる。
English: Even during the reign of Sanetomo, Masako played a decisive role in various occasions, and if this was all true, the unique presence of Masako as an arbitrator should be acknowledged, along with the forces of vassals in the togoku including the Hojo clan.
Japanese: 実朝の代になっても様々な場面で政子が決定的な役割を担っていることも多く、もしこれをそのまま事実であったとするならば、北条氏を含めた東国御家人勢力とは別個に調停者としての政子の個性も認めねばなるまい。
English: Regarding Masako's position at this time, the following two points should be noted.
Japanese: また、この時期の政子の地位について注目すべきものとして以下の二つがあげられる。
English: That is, Masako, as a widow of Yoritomo, played a central role in the bakufu's religious system such as memorial service for Yoritomo.
Japanese: すなわち、頼朝の後家として、頼朝の法事を含め幕府の宗教体制の中心的存在であったこと。
English: In addition, Masako had a complete control over Hiromoto Oe and other governmental officials who had returned from Kyoto and were responsible for practical works.
Japanese: また幕府の実務官僚であった大江広元ら京下りの吏僚たちを掌握していたことである。
English: They are considered to have constituted the middle power between the shogun and the senior vassals within the bakufu.
Japanese: 彼らは幕府内にあって将軍権力と有力御家人の間の中間勢力をなしていたと考えられる。
English: As Masako completely controlled them, she could act as an arbitrator.
Japanese: 彼らを掌握していたからこそ政子は調停者として振る舞うことが出来たともいえよう。
English: Based on the above, regarding the authority of the shogun in the Kamakura bakufu after Yoritomo died, it could be said that, though Yoriie succeeded the title of shogun, the status and power that Yoritomo had had before his death were actually divided among Masako and Yoriie.
Japanese: 以上をふまえれば、頼朝死後の鎌倉幕府将軍の権力は、将軍職は頼家が継いだものの、生前の頼朝がもっていた地位と権力は実際は政子と頼家により分掌されていたと見ることも出来よう。
English: In other words, one aspect of this incident shows Masako's involvement in relinquishment of shogunship from Yoriie to Sanetomo and the role of Masako is surely a good material in the study of the power structure of the Kamakura bakufu, as it eventually developed into the post of shikken.
Japanese: つまり政子の関与により頼家から実朝への将軍職委譲がなされたという事件の側面をみることができるとともに、鎌倉幕府の権力構造を考える上で、のちの執権職につながる役割を考察する材料となることは確かである。
English: The Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro is a domestic conflict which occurred in the Nara period.
Japanese: 藤原仲麻呂の乱（ふじわらのなかまろのらん）は奈良時代に起きた内乱である。
English: Daijo-daijin (grand minister of state) FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (also called EMI no Oshikatsu) conflicted with Empress Koken and Dokyo, rebelled against them, but was eventually defeated.
Japanese: 孝謙天皇・道鏡と対立した太帥（太政大臣）・藤原仲麻呂（恵美押勝）が乱を起こして、滅ぼされた。
English: After the enthronement of Empress Koken, Nakamaro completely took the reins of government, backed by the authority of Empress Koken and Empress Dowager Komyo.
Japanese: 孝謙天皇が即位すると仲麻呂は孝謙天皇と光明皇太后の権威を背景に政権を完全に掌握した。
English: In 758, Nakamaro was appointed to Taiho, or Udaijin (minister of the right), and also given the name of EMI no Oshikatsu by Emperor Junnin, to whom Nakamaro strongly supported to become Emperor.
Japanese: 天平宝字2年（758年）、仲麻呂の推す淳仁天皇を即位させて、太保（右大臣）に任ぜられ、恵美押勝の名を与えられる。
English: Once reaching the prosperity, the fate of Nakamaro turned for the worse after the death of Empress Dowager Komyo and the Retired Empress Koken began to make a favorite of YUGE no Dokyo.
Japanese: 栄耀栄華を極めた仲麻呂だが、光明皇太后が死去し、孝謙上皇が弓削道鏡を寵愛しはじめたことで暗転する。
English: Nakamaro, by way of Emperor Junnin, remonstrated Retired Empress Koken for her patronage of Dokyo, which angered Koken.
Japanese: 仲麻呂は、淳仁天皇を通じて孝謙上皇に道鏡への寵愛を諌めさせたが、これが上皇を激怒させた。
English: Getting so furious, the Retired Empress Koken entered into priesthood and declared that emperor should conduct minor matters while she should determine important decisions and be in charge of reward and punishment.
Japanese: 孝謙上皇は怒りのあまり出家して尼になるとともに「天皇は小事を行い、大事と賞罰は自分が行う」と宣言してしまった。
English: The Retired Empress Koken gave even deeper love for Dokyo, while she furiously hated Nakamaro.
Japanese: 孝謙上皇の道鏡への寵愛は深まり、逆に仲麻呂を激しく憎むようになった。
English: Being fretted by the situation, Nakamaro decided to confront the Retired Empress Koken and Dokyo by resorting to military power, and in October 764, he was appointed by Emperor Junnin to Totoku governor general of Shikinai (four provinces close to the Capital) and sangen (three major barrier stations) as well as military chief of Omi, Tanba and Harima provinces.
Japanese: 焦った仲麻呂は軍権をもって孝謙上皇と道鏡に対抗しようとし、天平宝字8年（764年）9月、淳仁天皇に願って都督四畿内三関近江丹波播磨等国兵事使に任じられた。
English: The position was prescribed to gather 20 soldiers from various districts to the capital for training, but Nakamaro ordered daigeki (senior secretary) TAKAOKA no Hiramaro to mobilize 600.
Japanese: 諸国の兵20人を都に集めて訓練する規定になっていたが、仲麻呂は600人の兵を動員するよう大外記高丘比良麻呂に命じた。
English: On October 14, Hiramaro reported to the Retired Empress Koken about the mobilization order of Nakamaro.
Japanese: 9月11日(旧暦)（10月14日）、比良麻呂は孝謙上皇に動員令を密告。
English: The Retired Empress Koken dispatched Shonagon (minor councilor of state) Yamamura-O to Chuguin Palace, the residence of Emperor Junnin, and recovered Imperial Seal and ekirei (a bell), both needed for the exercise of imperial power.
Japanese: 孝謙上皇は少納言山村王を淳仁天皇の居る中宮院に派遣して、皇権の発動に必要な玉璽と駅鈴を回収させた。
English: Upon learning the plan, Nakamaro let his son FUJIWARA no Kusumaro to raid Yamamura-O on his way back, and tried to recapture Imperial Seal and ekirei (a bell).
Japanese: これを知った仲麻呂は子の藤原訓儒麻呂に山村王の帰路を襲撃させて、玉璽と駅鈴の奪回を図った。
English: However, Shojo (junior lieutenant) SAKANOUE no Karitamaro, who was imperial guard Ryoge no kan, and Shoso (secretary of the headquarters of the inner palace guards) OSHIKA no Shimatari both were sent and shot Kusumaro to death.
Japanese: しかし、直ちに近衛兵令外官の少尉坂上苅田麻呂と将曹牡鹿嶋足が出動して、訓儒麻呂を射殺した。
English: The Retired Empress Koken sent imperial messenger KI no Funamori to the residence of Nakamaro and informed that he should be divested of official court rank as well as the kabane (hereditary title) of Fujiwara.
Japanese: 孝謙上皇は仲麻呂の邸に勅使紀船守を送り、官位の剥奪と藤原姓の剥奪を通告した。
English: On the night, Nakamaro led his family and escaped from Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) and entered Uji City, heading for provincial capital of the Province of Omi where he had been kokushi (provincial governor) for many years.
Japanese: その夜、仲麻呂は一族を率いて平城京を脱出、宇治市へ入り、仲麻呂が長年国司をつとめ勢力地盤だった近江国の国府を目指した。
English: Makibi speculated Nakamaro's action, and sent a government army led by KUSAKABE no Komaro from the Yamashiro Province and Emon shojo (junior lieutenant) SAEKI no Itaji and had them burn the Seta-bashi Bridge, effectively blocking the route to Tosan-do Road.
Japanese: 仲麻呂の行動を予測した真備は、山城国日下部子麻呂と衛門少尉佐伯伊多智の率いる官軍を先回りさせて勢多橋を焼いて、東山道への進路を塞いだ。
English: Nakamaro was forced to head north along the west coast of Lake Biwa for the Echizen Province, where his son FUJIWARA no Shikachi was kokushi, and prepared for a comeback.
Japanese: 仲麻呂はやむなく子の藤原辛加知が国司になっている越前国に入り再起を図ろうとし、琵琶湖の湖西を越前に向い北進する。
English: Having failed to take Emperor Junnin with him, Nakamaro raised Prince Shioyaki as fake emperor, and sent orders to local governments with daijokanpu (the official documents of the Daijokan).
Japanese: 淳仁天皇を連れ出せなかった仲麻呂は、塩焼王（かつての塩焼王）を偽帝に擁立し、太政官符をもって諸国に号令した。
English: SAEKI no Itaji of the Imperial army rushed to the Echizen Province and killed Shikaji who did not know about the rebellion, and made MONONOBE no Hironari close Arachi no-seki checking station (on the border of Omi and Echizen provinces).
Japanese: 官軍の佐伯伊多智は越前に馳せ急ぎ、まだ事変を知らぬ辛加知を斬り、物部広成に愛発関（近江と越前の国境の関所）を固めさせた。
English: Without knowing the death of Shikaji, Nakamaro tried to avoid Arachi no-seki checking station and cross the Lake Biwa by boat to the east coast, but failed eventually due to the against wind, and proceeded land route from Shiozu to go through Arachi no-seki.
Japanese: 辛加知の死を知らない仲麻呂は愛発関を避け、舟で琵琶湖東岸に渡り越前に入ろうとするが、逆風で舟が難破しそうになり断念して、塩津に上陸し陸路、愛発関の突破をはかった。
English: On October 21, Imperial army was joined by the troops led by Tozoku shogun (literally, shogun who subdues rebels) FUJIWARA no Kurajimaro, and attacked Nakamaro's army from both lake and land, and finally Nakamaro was defeated.
Japanese: 9月18日(旧暦)（10月21日）、官軍に討賊将軍・藤原蔵下麻呂の援軍が到着して、海陸から激しく攻めたので、ついに仲麻呂軍は敗れた。
English: Nakamaro tried to escape by boat with his wife and children, but was captured by an imperial soldier ISHIMURA no Iwatate and was killed.
Japanese: 仲麻呂は湖上に舟を出して妻子とともに逃れようとするが、官兵・石村石楯に捕らえられ殺された。
English: The Rebellion of TACHIBANA no Naramaro was a coup that occurred during the Nara period.
Japanese: 橘奈良麻呂の乱（たちばなのならまろのらん）は奈良時代のクーデターである。
English: TACHIBANA no Naramaro planned to overpower FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and to enthrone and dethrone the emperor; however, the coup did not succeed due to its exposure by a force of betrayal.
Japanese: 橘奈良麻呂が藤原仲麻呂を滅ぼして、天皇の廃立を企てたが、密告により露見して未遂に終わった。
English: Father of TACHIBANA no Naramaro, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) TACHIBANA no Moroe, was in charge of a political affair during the period of the Emperor Shomu.
Japanese: 橘奈良麻呂の父の左大臣橘諸兄は、聖武天皇の治世に政権を担当していた。
English: In 743, Naramaro leaked his conspiracy, which was planned with ONO no Azumahito, of enthroning Prince Kibumi as the next emperor to SAEKI no Matanari after Emperor Shomu became ill during the imperial visit to Nanba.
Japanese: 天平15年(743年)、難波行幸中の聖武天皇が病に倒れた時、奈良麻呂は佐伯全成に対し小野東人らと謀り次期天皇に黄文王を擁立する旨の計画を漏らす。