nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to the All Nippon Kyudo Federation, "the standard bow length is 221 cm (seven shaku three sun), but the slight lengthening and shortening of a bow is allowed depending on the height of the archer or the type of the tournament."
Japanese: 全日本弓道連盟では、『弓の長さは221cm（7尺3寸）を基準とし、射手の身長または競技の種類により若干の長短を認められる。』
English: "No label, device used to assist the aim, or similar sort is allowed on the bow."
Japanese: 『弓には照準のための装置や目印をしたり、類似のことをしてはならない。』としている。
English: While most of the tournament rules are already determined, All Nippon Kyudo Federation says that "the tools for Kyudo are not standardized completely, and there is a need for individual adjustments and familialization with tools required to increase the ability of bow."
Japanese: 競技性を考慮した規定をある程度定めてはいるが、同時に『弓道の用具はまだ完全に均一化されていないため…また、用具の充分な性能発揮のためにも各個の工夫、愛着も必要である。』
English: Thus it partially acknowledges the versatility of wakyu created from past craftsmen.
Japanese: このように、先人が培って来た一律に定義付け出来ない和弓の多様性を一部で認めている。
English: While it is determined that "the location of the grip is located two-thirds from the top," the actual grip is not located exactly two-thirds but approximately at three-fifth.
Japanese: 実際の所、“握りの位置は弓の上部から約3分の2”とはあるが、実際の握りの位置は厳密に3分の2の位置にはなく、大凡5分の3辺りにある。
English: Wakyu generally forms an unique smooth curve called as nari (shape of the bow).
Japanese: 和弓は全体的に滑らかな曲線を描くが、その独特の曲線で構成された弓の姿を成りと言う。
English: It is called harigao (stetched face) or nari when the tsuru of the bow is taunt, hikinari (shape of the bow when pulled) when the bow is pulled, and urazori (bow bending in an opposite direction, when the tsuru taking off from the bow) when tsuru is released, and these are important elements need to be observed when handling each bow characteristic and management.
Japanese: 弓に弦を張った状態での姿を張り顔・成り、充分に引いた時の弓の姿を引き成り、弦を外した状態では裏反りと呼び、それぞれ弓の性格や手入れする際に見る重要な要素である。
English: The five locations are called from the bottom, kozori (small curve), oogoshi (area around the belt), do (stomach), toriuchi (37-38 cm below the upper area of the bow), hime zori (princess sori) and harigao, and different harigao and strengths are formed from the reflection strength balance.
Japanese: 下から小反り、大腰、胴、鳥打ち、姫反りと呼ばれ、5カ所それぞれの反発力の強弱バランスによって張り顔は成り立ち、また弓の性能を引き出している。
English: The harigao of the bow is called as Edo nari (Nari of Edo), Bishu nari (nari of Bishu), Kishu nari (Nari of Kishu), Kyo nari (nari of Kyoto), or Satsuma nari (Nari of Satsuma), and has an characteristic depending on locations and a bow craftsman.
Japanese: 弓の張り顔には江戸成り、尾州成り、紀州成り、京成り、薩摩成り等と呼ばれる産地毎の特徴や、それを作る弓師によってもそれぞれ特徴がある。
English: The nari of the bow is not uniform depending on the favoritism and habit of the archer, difference in each materials, and the shape of the stringed bow is different whenever the string is strung.
Japanese: また射手の好みや癖、材料の個体差から来る要因から弓の成りは一定ではなく、一張り毎に少しずつ張り顔は違う。
English: The wakyu is not straight when viewed with the tsuru nearby and yugara (wooden or bamboo part between Motohazu (the lower top of the bow) and Urahazu (the top of the bow)) further away, and the tsuru is placed slightly left in order to make it located at the right edge of yugara where the arrow is placed.
Japanese: 和弓は弦を手前に弓幹を向う手に見た時に上下真っ直ぐな直線ではなく、矢を番える辺りで弦が弓幹の右端辺りに位置するよう僅かに左に反らされている。
English: The condition where the tsuru is located at the right side of the bow is called as iriki (wood inserted) and is a curvature required to shoot the arrow straight.
Japanese: この弦が弓の右端に位置する状態を入木（いりき）と呼び、矢を真っ直ぐ飛ばす為に必要な反りとなっている。
English: However, when tsuru is located toward left of the bow, it is called as deki (protruded wood) and needs repairmen since it is broken.
Japanese: 逆に弦が弓の左に来る様な状態は出木（でき）と呼ばれ、これは故障の部類に入り調整が必要となる。
English: The traditional bamboo bow has basic three layered structure, and called from the side of the bowstring, uchitake (inner bamboo) (also called as maetake), nakauchi (inner hit), todake (outer hit), and nakauchi is sandwiched between uchitake and todake.
Japanese: 伝統的な竹弓は基本的に三層構造をしており、弦側から内竹（うちたけ：前竹〔まえたけ〕ともいう）・中打ち（なかうち）・外竹（とだけ）と呼ばれ、中打ちを芯材に、内竹、外竹で前後から挟み合わせた形となっている。
English: Nakauchi has layers of charcoaled strips of bamboo called higo piled up in a row and sandwiched between layer of wood.
Japanese: 中打ちはさらにヒゴと呼ばれる黒く焦がした短冊状の竹を数本横並びに重ね合わせ、さらにその両脇を木で挟み込んでいる。
English: The completed bow shows the wood sandwiched between maetake and todake, and this part of the wood is called sobaki (side wood).
Japanese: 完成品の弓の横脇には前竹、外竹に挟まれた形で木が見える形になり、この木を側木（そばき）と呼んでいる。
English: By heating and scorching the bamboo with fire, the binding of cellulose, which is the main component of fiber and vascular bundles of the bamboo, becomes gradually stronger and transforms into a natural carbon based fiber with graphite in the end.
Japanese: 竹は火を入れ焦がす事により、竹の繊維・維管束の主成分セルロースの結合が次第に強くなって行き、最終的にグラファイトをした天然の炭素繊維になる。
English: The unique curve of the wakyu bow is formed by piling up the uchitake, nakauchi, and todake painted with glue, and uniformly bound with 'Fujitsuru' (wisteria vine) before beating in 100 to 200 bamboo wedges between the vine and bamboo, and bend it while compressing (as a result, the production of wakyu is expressed as 'beating the bow.')
Japanese: 竹弓を製作する際、和弓独特の反りを出すために、接着剤を塗布した内竹、中打ち、外竹をそれぞれ重ね、全体を「藤蔓」で等間隔で巻いてゆき、そして紐と竹の間に竹製の楔を100〜200本前後打ち込みながら材料を圧着しつつ撓らせていく事で弓の反りを付ける（このため和弓を製作することを「弓を打つ」と表現される。
English: The todake is stretched while pulling the bamboo bow with a nakauchi as the core, and uchitake is compressed, and the todake and uchitake function as a spring for the bow reflection, and the characteristic of the bow varies greatly depending on the nature of the bamboo, the amount of burning, and number of higo being used.
Japanese: 竹弓は引く事により、中打ちを芯として外竹が引き延ばされ、内竹が圧縮され内外竹がスプリングの様な働きをする事で弓としての反発力を得ており、側木や竹の性質、中打ちのヒゴの焦がし様やヒゴの数によって弓の性格が大きく変わってくる。
English: The typical bamboo bow brings out the characteristics of each part, by placing it in fire as long as todake keeps white color, uchitake keeps white or gets lightly colored, and higo becomes black almost like a charcoal.
Japanese: この事から外竹は白色のまま、内竹は白〜色が付く程、ヒゴは黒く焦げる程に火を入れ、それぞれの部位に合わせた素材の性質を引き出しているのが一般的な竹弓である。
English: The strength of the bow is adjusted by thinning the thickness of the bow or making it wider.
Japanese: 弓力（弓の強さ）は、弓の厚みを薄く、または厚くする事で概ね調節される。
English: In case of madake, two to three year-old sannenndake (three year-old bamboo) are chosen and then among them, only madake that fit the criteria depending on its joint length, the distances between joints, diameter and curvature, are chosen for the bow material.
Japanese: 真竹は三年竹と呼ばれる芽が出てから2年〜3年目の竹を選び、さらにその中から節間、節の高さ、直径、曲がり等条件に合うものだけが選ばれる。
English: The branches of the bamboo is cut off, rested for over a year, and heated over the fire to wipe away the oil, and made into an ingredient for the bow.
Japanese: 刈り取った竹は枝を払い、1年以上寝かされた後、火に掛け油脂分を拭き取り、弓の材料となる。
English: Among those, the bamboo other than madake is used as higo, a susudake (bamboo with soot, those that are placed as a thatched roof of a house) is used for maetake, and unmonchiku (Leopard bamboo, Phyllostachys nigra f. boryana), Phyllostachys nigra cv. Punctata are sometimes used for decorative purposes.
Japanese: 中には真竹以外の竹をヒゴに使用したり、前竹に煤竹を使用したもの、雲紋竹、胡麻竹等の紋竹を主に鑑賞目的で使用したものもある。
English: Hazenoki has excellent flexibility and is used as a material for the sobaki (bow surrounded with two pieces of bamboo) from a long ago.
Japanese: 黄櫨は堅く弾性に優れている事から側木に適した素材とされ、昔から使用されている。
English: Other than hazenoki, there are bows that are made of Karaki (imported Chinese wood) such as Rosewood and Ebony, are present despite being few in numbers.
Japanese: 黄櫨以外にも　シタン、コクタン等唐木を使用したものも数は少ないが、存在する。
English: On rare occassions, hazenoki develops moku (a name of a rare pattern) on bark such as Nawamemoku (knot moku), chijimi moku (contracted moku), bird eye moku, and quail moku decorations considered to be the beauty of nature that appears on a wakyu valued along with mondake (bamboo with patterns).
Japanese: 黄櫨には稀に木肌に杢が出る事があり、縄目杢、縮み杢、鳥眼杢、鶉杢等、基本的に華美な装飾を嫌う和弓の中で自然が魅せる美として映り、紋竹と合わせて珍重されている。
English: However, it is becoming harder to gain hazenoki produced in Japan, and is believed that the resource will dry up in the future.
Japanese: しかし近年、国産のハゼノキは減少し既に入手が困難になりつつあり、将来的な資源の枯渇が懸念されている。
English: The glue that keeps the bamboo together is an important factor that determines the nature of the bow.
Japanese: 竹弓の素材には竹を張り合わせる接着剤も弓の性格を決める重要なファクターである。
English: The glue that is made from petroleum oil is mainly used in recent days, but gelatin from the deer skin called nibenikawa has been used from long past and makes the pulling movement soft, bow to last long, and is skilled although it is harder to obtain compared to those that used the petroleum oil.
Japanese: 現在の主流は石油合成接着剤であるが、伝統的には弓独自に使われる鰾膠（ニベニカワ）と呼ばれる鹿皮原料のゼラチンが使われており、合成接着剤を使用した弓よりも手入れは難しいが引き味が柔らかい・寿命が長い、冴えが良い等とされる。
English: The complete length of the wakyu is determined to 221 cm as a standard since Edo period, but it is not known why wakyu began to be held at the lower end of the bow.
Japanese: 和弓の全長は江戸時代より七尺三寸（約221cm）が標準と定められているが、和弓が何故この様に長大、中間より下を把持するようになったかは未だはっきりと解っていない。
English: The bamboo and wood start to fail when it is shaken too much, and by making the bow length longer, it decreases the strain on the bow and allows it to outstand more arrows.
Japanese: 木や竹は撓らせ過ぎるとやがて破綻を生じ、また撓り癖も付くが、弓の全長を長く取る事で全体的なひずみ量を少なくし、より多くの矢数に耐えられるようにした。
English: The ancient bows were created from one single material carved out from wood for reasons mentioned above, and were held with the root side at the bottom and top of the wood as above.
Japanese: 上記理由に合わせ、古来の弓は木から削り出した単一素材であり、根元が下に、梢側が上に来るように弓を持つ。
English: However, since the root has stronger durability of the wood, the bow began to be held at lower end in order to have a balance.
Japanese: しかし、木素材の弾性率が梢側より根元の方が高いため、上下の撓りのバランスを取る為に中間より下側を握るようになった。
English: The foot soldiers had to crouch and bushi (samurai warriors) of high standing had to pull the arrow on top of a horse during the battle that it came in the way with the ground or horse when the bottom part was long.
Japanese: 戦時、歩兵は身を屈めながら、身分ある武士は騎乗で弓を引くため、下が長いと地面、或は馬に弓が当るため邪魔になる。
English: The traditional bows were considered to be a holy tool in Japan and became longer with the respect and belief.
Japanese: 日本では古来弓は神器として考えられており、畏敬の念や信仰により長大になっていったというものである。
English: While people contemplated on why the wakyu became longer, it actually became shorter within the span of long history.
Japanese: 和弓は何故長大になったか、とされるが、それでも長い歴史を見れば短くなっている。
English: There were bows that were longer than 3m during the Kofun period (tumulus period), and Shosoin Treasure House stores a bow that has a length of 2.4m.
Japanese: 古墳時代には3mを超す弓も存在し、正倉院には2.4mに及ぶ弓も保存されている。
English: There were Japanese long bows called Daikyu long bow that was longer than two meters, short bows labeled as Hankyu small-sized bow, and various bows with different lengths, martial or recreation purposes, made from plants or animal were present in Japan from ancient times.
Japanese: 日本には古来より大弓と呼ばれる2mを超す長尺の弓から半弓に分類される短い弓等、長さ、武芸用途、遊戯用途、植物素材、動物素材、様々な弓があった。
English: The one that had the most strength and favored by bushi was Daikyu long bow, and the archery evolved and remains today as kyudo.
Japanese: その中で最も威力があり武士に好まれたのが大弓で、大弓を用いた射術も発展し現在に至り、弓道として残った。
English: It is known that stone arrow heads were present from the stone age, but it began to appear in Japan from the Jomon period.
Japanese: 弓は人類史上、石鏃が発掘されている事から石器時代から存在する事が解っているが、日本では縄文時代からである。
English: The bow at that time was used for hunting purpose and was a necessary living tool.
Japanese: 当時の弓は主に狩猟用途で使われており、狩猟生活するには欠かせない生活道具であった。
English: The bow was carved out from a single wood (Cephalotaxaceae) and we can often see the bow that was bound with wood barks or hemp and fixed with lacquer for itsreinforcement (the bow of this period is referred to in archeology as 'Marukiyumi' (bow made from a small sapling or tree limb (often catalpa wood) and had a centered grip)).
Japanese: 弓は木（イヌガヤ科）から削り出した単一素材で、補強の為に樹皮や麻を巻き締め漆で固めた弓も屢々見られる（考古学的にはこの時代の弓も「丸木弓」と呼称している）。
English: The lacquered bow had decorations and showed signs of being used for a religious ceremonies.
Japanese: 漆塗りの弓には装飾が施されたものもあり、祭祀目的で使われていた形跡も見られる。
English: However, at that time the bow had the length of about 160 cm at longest, and the complete bow is very hard to be excavated due to the material being the wood, and is not known completely.
Japanese: ただしこの頃にはまだ長くても160cm程度のものが多く、また材質が木材である事から完全な形で発掘される事は極めて難しく、当時の弓の全体像は解っていない。
English: The differences in wealth formed with the entering of Yayoi period, and battles occured pretty frequently.
Japanese: 弥生時代に入ると人々の間で貧富の差が生まれ、やがて戦いが盛んになる。
English: The purpose of the bow shifted from everyday hunting tool to an assassination weapon, and many adjustments were made to shoot with more strength and longer distance.
Japanese: 弓は狩猟目的の生活道具から殺傷目的の対人武器へと用いられるようになり、弓に対してより高い威力、飛距離を求めた改良が行わる。
English: As a result, naga shaku (long shaku) longer than two meters, longer top and shorter bottom, and shimobe yori (closer at lower end) bows began to be used.
Japanese: 結果として全長2m以上の長尺、上長下短、下部寄りを把持するようになったと思われる。
English: According to the pictures on potteries discovered in archeological remains and Gishi Wajinden (Records of the Wa people (Japanese), Chronicle of Wei), Wa people had "weapons...that are wooden bows and the bow is shorter at the bottom and longer at toward top."
Japanese: 遺跡から発掘される土器に描かれている絵や魏志倭人伝の倭人に関する記述に『兵器は……木弓を使用し、その木弓は下部が短く、上部が長くなっている。』
English: The ends of the bow changed from the bowstrings being tied around the bow to a protruding shape to make it easier to hook and unhook the bow string.
Japanese: また、弦を掛ける弓の両端が弦を縛り付ける形から現代に通じるシンプルな凸型形状になり、弦の掛け外しが容易になっている。
English: Marukiyumi made of a single material was used until the Heian period, but the wakyu bow shape shifted to the current shape as time passed.
Japanese: 平安時代までは単一素材の丸木弓のままだが、時代が下るに従い形状が現代に通じる和弓の形に近づいて来る。
English: In addition, 'azusayumi' (a bow made of Japanese cherry birch) began to be used as a kigo (a season word) in waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), and the bow began to develop spiritual aspect into a holy tool rather than being just a weapon.
Japanese: また「梓弓」等季語として和歌にも詠まれるように人々にとって弓は武器以上の精神的な意味を持つようになり、神器としての特色も深めていく。
English: It had a simple shape of sticking the bamboo to the outer area with wood as the central piece in order to increase the force.
Japanese: より高い威力を求めて木を主材にした弓の外側に竹を張り合わせたシンプルな型である。
English: The traditional bow that is passed on till today was created at this time (please refer to the structure column for details) *The first time it appeared in a writing was from the early Edo period, but higoyumi was probably created prior to the Edo period.
Japanese: 現在に伝わる伝統的な弓がここで出来上がる（詳細は構造欄参照）＊記述上の初出は江戸初期だが、これまでの経緯から弓胎弓が出来上がったのは江戸に入る以前の可能性がある。
English: The modifications of bows, arrows, and yugake were frequently made for the tournament for the honor and dignity of han (domain).
Japanese: 藩の威信を掛けた競技の為、弓、矢、弽（ゆがけ）の改良、開発が盛んに行われた。
English: Skills developed during that period became a foundation for the modern day creation of archery tools.
Japanese: 当時培われた技術が現代の弓具制作の礎となっていると言っても過言ではない。
English: Koyama Kyugu Company of the long established store that began from the Edo period announced the new bow material that intertwined the glass fiber around the wooden core.
Japanese: 江戸の老舗、小山弓具が木芯材にグラスファイバーを前後に挟んだ新素材の弓を発表。
English: The glass bow allowed for mass production, had strong durability, and was easy do its after care.
Japanese: グラス弓の最大の特徴は量産が可能で耐久性が高く、手入れが非常に楽な事である。
English: Bows made from various modern ingredients such as carbon fiber and Kevlar were created since then, and many businesses were established that created them industrialy.
Japanese: 以降、カーボンファイバー製、ケプラー製等現代的な素材を使用した弓が次々と開発、工業的に生産するメーカーが現れる。
English: It began to influence even the conservative kyudo athletes, and its cost friendly and easy management allowed bows to be widely used by students and beginners.
Japanese: これらは保守的な弓道家の間へも次第に浸透し、比較的安価で手入れが容易な事から現在では学生や初心者をはじめ、広く一般に使われるようになった。
English: In order to broadly categorize bows according to the material they are made from, fiberglass bows are referred to as 'glass bows,' carbon fiber bows as 'carbon bows,' and traditional bamboo bows as 'bamboo bows.'
Japanese: 弓の素材で大別する為にグラスファイバー製の弓を「グラス弓」、カーボンファイバー製の弓を「カーボン弓」、伝統的な竹製の弓を「竹弓」等と呼称するようになる。
English: It is the protruding ends of the bow, and the top is called "urahazu" and the bottom as "motohazu" (lower tip of the bow, written as '本弭' or '元弭').
Japanese: 弓の両端にある凸形状の弦をかける部分で、上に来る方を末弭（うらはず）、下に来る方を本弭（もとはず：「元弭」とも書く）と呼ぶ。
English: The name originated from the fact that the foot of the bow was where the root of the bamboo or origin (written as 本(元)), and the top faced kozue (tree top) or sue (ends).
Japanese: 由来は弓の下を竹の根元側、上を梢側に向けるため、上が末、下が本（元）となる事から。
English: The bow has the shape of having ten something to twenty something centimeters inside and binds the uchitake from top and bottom.
Japanese: 弓の内側の上下端に10数cm〜20数cm程度、内竹を上下から塞き止め挟む形である。
English: The urahazu side is called uwasekiita (upper sekiita) or hitaigi (forehead wood), and the motohazu side is called shimosekiita (lower sekiita).
Japanese: 末弭側を上関板（うわせきいた）或は額木（ひたいぎ）、本弭側を下関板（しもせきいた）と呼ぶ。
English: Hazenoki is often used for the side wood, but a wide variety of wood such as rare imported wood from China, Bombay black wood, and Japanese persimmon is favored or used for decorations since it is the area which will give the least influence to the ability of the bow.
Japanese: 材質は側木にも使われる黄櫨が一般的だが、弓の性能に最も影響が少ない部分である為か木材の選択範囲は比較的広く、鑑賞や好みで唐木、タガヤサン、カキノキ等稀少木材が一部で好まれている。
English: This cane is called as 'Kiritsumedo' or 'Kaburado,' and the uwasekiita is called as 'Kamikiritsumedo' and the shimosekiita as 'Shitakiritsumedo.'
Japanese: この籐を「切詰籐（きりつめどう）」或は「鏑籐（かぶらどう）」と呼び、上関板の方を「上切詰籐（かみきりつめどう）」、下関板の方を「下切詰籐（したきりつめどう）」と呼ぶ。
English: It is bound in order to protect the arrow from slipping, but is used to aim the target.
Japanese: 矢が弓を擦らないよう保護の為に巻かれるが、狙いの目安を付ける部分でもある。
English: The most bottom part of yazurido is called as 'Togashira' and yazurido is bound from this area.
Japanese: 矢摺籐の最下段、矢が接する部分を「籐頭（とがしら）」と言い、また矢摺籐を巻く際はここから巻き始める。
English: Currently, the Kyudo Federation requires the wakyu to be bound more than six centimeters, but it used to be bound differently depending on the archery school.
Japanese: 現在、試合等では弓道連盟の規定により6cm以上の高さが必要だが、かつては流派により巻き様式があった。
English: The traditional hemp string uses hemp or karamushi (choma (hemp)) with kusune (pine-resin) painted or soaked in it.
Japanese: 伝統的な麻弦は麻・苧麻（カラムシ）等を原料に、繊維をこより薬練（くすね：「天鼠」とも書く）を塗る、若しくは染み込ませ補強したもの。
English: Cherry Blossom Front is a line graph illustrating the forecasted blooming dates of cherry blossoms (primarily of Someiyoshino (Prunus yedoensis)) in various locations of Japan.
Japanese: 桜前線（さくらぜんせん）とは、日本各地のサクラ（主にソメイヨシノ）の開花予想日を結んだ線のこと。
English: The term 'Cherry Blossom Front' was coined by the media which has been used since about 1967.
Japanese: 「桜前線」という言葉はマスコミによる造語で、1967年（昭和42年）頃から用いられている。
English: This line graph shows that Cherry Blossom Front lands the southern Kyushu and Shikoku areas in late March, subsequently moving northward in ascending order of latitude values of locations starting from the northern Kyushu and Shikoku areas, the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Kanto region, the Hokuriku region, the Tohoku region and finally reaching Hokkaido in early May annually.
Japanese: 桜前線は例年、3月下旬に九州南部・四国南部へ上陸し、順次、九州北部・四国北部、瀬戸内海沿岸・関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方と北上し、5月上旬に北海道に至る形で描かれる。
English: Cherry Blossom Front' is a coined term made up by the media and not an official terminology of the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Japanese: 「桜前線」はマスコミによるwikt造語であり、気象庁の公式用語ではない。
English: In 1951, the Japan Meteorological Agency originally issued the 'forecast of cherry blossom blooming dates' mainly in the Kanto region.
Japanese: 気象庁による「さくらの開花予想」の発表は、1951年（昭和26年）に関東地方を対象に当初行われていた。
English: They, later on, extended the forecast to cover the entire country except for Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami region in 1965.
Japanese: その後、1965年（昭和30年）より沖縄県・奄美地方を除く全国を対象に行われるようになった。
English: The Japan Meteorological Agency issues its first 'forecast of cherry blossom blooming dates' of the year on the first Wednesday of March.
Japanese: 気象庁は、毎年3月の第1水曜日に第1回の「さくらの開花予想」を発表する。
English: The agency subsequently continues to forecast cherry blossom blooming dates with appropriate adjustments on Wednesdays until the eighth report which is issued in late April.
Japanese: その後、毎水曜日に適宜修正しながら、4月下旬の第8回まで予想日の発表を行う。
English: The cherry blossom blooming forecasts for the locations including Hokuriku, the Kanto-Koshin regions (which include Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba, Yamanashi and Nagano prefectures), Tokai, Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu are issued during the first three reports of the year.
Japanese: 北陸・関東甲信・東海・近畿・中国・四国・九州は第1回～第3回で発表を行う。
English: If a few blossoms are open with the number of blossoms not meeting its definition of 'in bloom,' starting in 2009, the agency reports that cherry blossoms are 'about to bloom.'
Japanese: また、定義に満たなくても数輪咲いた場合は「開花間近」と発表する（2009年より）。
English: According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, the approximate number of days between the time of 'flowering' and 'full bloom' (when over 80% of blossoms are in bloom) are 16 for the Okinawa and Amami regions, 7 for the areas between Kyushu and the Tokai/Kanto regions, 5 for the Hokuriku-Tohoku regions, and 4 for the Hokkaido region.
Japanese: 気象庁によると、開花から満開（80%以上が咲いた状態）までの日数は、沖縄・奄美地方で約16日、九州から東海・関東地方では約7日、北陸・東北地方では約5日、北海道地方では約4日となる。
English: If cherry blossoms come in to bloom within two days of the average date (based on the cumulative annual average over 30 years between 1971 and 2000), it will be reported as 'average.'
Japanese: また、さくらの開花を平均値(1971年~2000年の30年間の累年平均値)と比べて、2日以内のズレであれば「平年並」と発表する。
English: If, on the other hand, the deviation is three or more days, it will be reported as either 'early' or 'late' and, if the deviation is seven or more days, it will be reported as either 'pretty early' or 'pretty late' depending on the circumstance.
Japanese: なお、3日以上のズレがある場合「早い」・「遅い」、7日以上のズレがある場合「かなり早い」・「かなり遅い」と発表する。
English: Someiyoshino is the main monitoring subject (whereas, Sargent or Chishima cherry in the northern and eastern Hokkaido, Kanhizakura in the Okinawa and Amami regions).
Japanese: 主にソメイヨシノを観測対象としている（北海道地方の北部及び東部は、エゾヤマザクラまたはチシマザクラ、沖縄・奄美地方は、カンヒザクラ）。
English: After staying dormant during the fall and winter, the buds will develop and will come into bloom as the ambient temperatures rise in the spring.
Japanese: 秋・冬の一定期間の低温を経て、春の気温上昇とともに生長して開花する。
English: The timing of flowering of cherry blossoms is forecasted based on their characteristics that development of cherry blossom buds depends on ambient temperatures.
Japanese: さくらの開花予想は、この桜の花芽の生長が気温に依存する性質を利用して行われる。
English: Forecast used to be made by the respective observatories whereby they weighed buds collected from the sample trees at various locations for every forecast preparation.
Japanese: 以前は、各地の標本木の蕾をとりそのつど重さを量る方法で各気象台独自で行われていた。
English: Since 1996, the Japan Meteorological Agency has been processing data collected nationwide using the computers located in Tokyo.
Japanese: 1996年（平成8年）からは、東京にあるコンピュータを用いて全国のデータを計算している。
English: The methodology used by the agency takes account on integrated values of average ambient temperatures between the fall of the previous year and the current month based on data on flowering dates and average ambient temperatures in the past, the actual and forecasted ambient temperatures during the current year.
Japanese: ここでは、過去の開花日や平均気温、その年の気温の状況や予想などのデータを元に前年秋からの平均気温の積算値を考慮した方法を使っている。
English: Due to some problems in the software to perform calculation, the Japan Meteorological Agency published the wrong forecasted dates for four locations including Tokyo and Shizuoka in the first report of 2007.
Japanese: 2007年（平成19年）の第1回発表では、計算に用いるプログラムに一部不具合があったため、東京・静岡など4地点について誤った予想日を発表してしまった。
English: It is, in particular, characterized by the reversal of the normal geographical order whereby flowering starts in the northern Kyushu and the Honshu earlier than that in the southern Kyushu.
Japanese: 特に九州南部の開花が九州北部や本州より遅れる逆転現象が特徴的である。
English: It is the condition that, due to the recent climatic tendency for unusual warm winters, dormancy, which is essential to bring cherry blossoms into bloom, becomes disrupted as ambient temperatures do not stay sufficiently low for a certain period of time in the winter, resulting in their late blooming.
Japanese: これは、暖冬傾向で桜が開花する条件である冬の間の一定の低温期間が不十分で休眠できずに開花が遅れることとなる。