nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The army protecting Kyoto, which was under the direction of Yoshinaka, fell apart and the discord between Yoshinaka and Yukiie was overt ("Gyokuyo," entry of December 20).
Japanese: 義仲の指揮下にあった京中守護軍は瓦解状態であり、義仲と行家の不和も公然のものだった（『玉葉』閏10月27日条）。
English: Yoshinaka was ready to fight a decisive battle against Yoritomo's army, but on December 29, Genji warlords under Yukiie, except for Yoshinaka, started to guard In no gosho.
Japanese: 義仲は頼朝の軍と雌雄を決する決意をしていたが、7日になって義仲を除く行家以下の源氏諸将が院御所の警護を始める。
English: The news that Yoritomo's army was about to enter the capital brightened up the Cloistered Emperor's court, where accommodationists fell into obscurity and the war party gained power.
Japanese: 頼朝軍入京間近の報に力を得た院周辺では、融和派が逼塞し主戦派が台頭していた。
English: According to "Gukansho" (Jottings of a Fool), hokumen gero (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side) TAIRA no Tomoyasu and OE no Kintomo suggested that 'Yoshinaka will be unworthy of fear if Yoritomo enters the capital.'
Japanese: 『愚管抄』によると、北面下臈の平知康・大江公朝が「頼朝軍が上洛すれば義仲など恐れるに足りない」と進言したという。
English: Especially, Tomoyasu was the spearhead of the war party, claiming that he had received an oracle from Ise-daijingu Shrine ("Kikki" [a diary of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA], entry of January 6, 1184).
Japanese: 特に知康は伊勢大神宮の託宣を受けたと称するなど（『吉記』11月15日条）、主戦派の急先鋒だった。
English: On December 30, Yukiie, the center of the force on the side of the Cloistered Emperor, left Kyoto to search and kill the Taira clan though it was a crucial time.
Japanese: 8日、院側の武力の中心である行家が、重大な局面にも関わらず平氏追討のため京を離れた。
English: There was an intense atmosphere around Goshirakawa and Yoshinaka, and Yoshinaka suggested a compromise solution that if Yoshitsune's forces were small, he would allow them to enter the capital ("Gyokuyo," entry of January 7, 1184).
Japanese: 後白河と義仲の間には緊迫した空気が流れ、義仲は義経の手勢が少数であれば入京を認めると妥協案を示した（『玉葉』11月16日条）。
English: On January 7, 1184, Goshirakawa secured the cooperation of the Enryaku-ji and Onjo-ji Temples, gathering armed monks and stone-throwing rogues, and reinforced Hojuji-dono Palace by guarding it with a moat and fences.
Japanese: 16日になると、後白河は延暦寺や園城寺の協力をとりつけて僧兵や石投の浮浪民などをかき集め、堀や柵をめぐらせ法住寺殿の武装化を進めた。
English: With Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) and Mino-Genji (the Minamoto clan) rallying around, Goshirakawa thought that he had an overwhelming advantage and gave Yoshinaka an ultimatum.
Japanese: 摂津源氏・近江源氏・美濃源氏も味方となり、圧倒的優位に立ったと判断した後白河は義仲に対して最後通牒を行う。
English: If you fight with Yoritomo's army, disobeying inzen (a decree from the Cloistered Emperor), do it in your own right.
Japanese: 「院宣に背いて頼朝軍と戦うのであれば、宣旨によらず義仲一身の資格で行え。」
English: It was severe enough to make Yoshinaka indefensible ("Gyokuyo," entry of January 8, 1184, "Kikki" and "Hyakuren sho," entry of January 9, 1184).
Japanese: 義仲に弁解の余地を与えない厳しいものだった（『玉葉』11月17日条、『吉記』『百錬抄』11月18日条）。
English: If Yoritomo's army enters Kyoto, I will have to fight, but otherwise, I will leave for the west.
Japanese: 「頼朝軍が入京すれば戦わざるを得ないが、入京しないのであれば西国に下向する。」
English: Kanezane wrote 'Yoshinaka's moshijo was moderate, but the security measures in the Imperial Palace are excessive. The stance is not regal ("Gyokuyo," entry of January 9, 1184).
Japanese: 兼実は「義仲の申状は穏便なものであり、院中の御用心は法に過ぎ、王者の行いではない」としている（『玉葉』11月18日条）。
English: However, on the night of January 8, Hachijoin left Hojuji-dono Palace, on January 9, Josaimonin and the Imperial Princess Ryoshi left, Hokuroku no miya ran away, and, as if to replace them, Emperor Gotoba, Cloistered Imperial Prince Shukaku, Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene, and Myoun of Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) entered the Imperial Palace, and judging from the move, it is considered that Goshirakawa had made up his mind to attack Yoshinaka.
Japanese: しかし、17日夜に八条院、18日に上西門院・亮子内親王が法住寺殿を去り、北陸宮も逐電、入れ替わるように後鳥羽天皇、守覚法親王、円恵法親王、天台座主・明雲が御所に入っており、義仲への武力攻撃の決意を固めたと思われる。
English: Myoun, Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene, MINAMOTO no Mitsunaga and his son MINAMOTO no Mitsutsune, FUJIWARA no Nobuyuki, Chikanari KIYOHARA, and MINAMOTO no Motokuni and others were among the dead in this war.
Japanese: この戦いで、明雲、円恵法親王、源光長・源光経父子、藤原信行、清原親業、源基国などが戦死した。
English: The author Tsunefusa YOSHIDA made an evasive statement that 'it is hard to describe,' but Jien gave the details about Myoun and Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene in "Gukansho."
Japanese: 記主の吉田経房は「筆端及び難し」と言葉を濁しているが、慈円は『愚管抄』に明雲・円恵法親王について詳細に記している。
English: Kanezane lamented, 'I have never heard of a high priest of noble birth who had such hardship' ("Gyokuyo," entry of January 13, 1184).
Japanese: 兼実は「未だ貴種高僧のかくの如き難に遭ふを聞かず」（『玉葉』11月22日条）と慨嘆した。
English: The antecedent of the attack on In no gosho was the Heiji War, but FUJIWARA no Nobuyori's goal was to seize the Shinsei group.
Japanese: 院御所の襲撃は平治の乱の前例があるが、藤原信頼の目的はあくまで信西一派の捕縛だった。
English: The attack this time was unprecedented in that the cloistered emperor with a will to fight gathered soldiers himself while Yoshinaka made the cloistered emperor the target of attack, and that the Imperial army guarding the cloistered emperor was knocked to smithereens.
Japanese: 今回の襲撃は法皇自らが戦意を持って兵を集め、義仲もまた法皇を攻撃対象とし、院を守護する官軍が武士により完膚なきまでに叩き潰されたと言う点でかつてないものであった。
English: On January 11, 1184, with more than 100 severed heads laid on Gojogawara, Yoshikuni's army gave a shout of victory ("Hyakuren sho," entry of January 11, 1184; "Kikki" recorded the date as January 12).
Japanese: 11月20日、五条河原で源光長以下百余の首がさらされ、義仲軍は勝ち鬨の声を挙げた（『百錬抄」同日条、『吉記』は21日とする）。
English: On January 12, working with Motofusa MATSUDONO, Yoshinaka ordered a 'discussion on the issues of society with Matsudomo and take action' ("Gyokuyo," entry of January 12, 1184), and on January 13, he established a puppet government under Moroie MATSUDONO, the son of Motofusa, as Naidaijin (minister of the center) and sessho (regent).
Japanese: 21日、義仲は松殿基房と連携して「世間の事松殿に申し合はせ、毎事沙汰を致すべし」（『玉葉』同日条）と命じ、22日、基房の子・松殿師家を内大臣・摂政とする傀儡政権を樹立した。
English: Motofusa had pleaded with Goshirakawa to install Moroie as Sessho, but his plea was turned down before ("Gyokuyo," entry of August 28), and he had been waiting for a chance to earn restitution by having his daughter FUJIWARA no Ishi marry Yoshinaka.
Japanese: 基房は師家の摂政就任を後白河に懇願して断られた経緯があり（『玉葉』8月2日条）、娘の藤原伊子を義仲に嫁がせて復権を狙っていた。
English: On January 19, the new sessho Moroie submitted a document issued by a superior or officer and it was resolved that Yoshinaka would be given some 80 territories owned by the former sessho Motomichi.
Japanese: 28日、新摂政・師家が下文を出し、前摂政・基通の家領八十余所を義仲に与えることが決定された。
English: On the same day, 43 government officials including chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Tomokata were dismissed ("Kikki" and "Hyakuren sho," entry of January 19; "Gyokuyo," entry of January 20).
Japanese: 同日、中納言・藤原朝方以下43人が解官された（『吉記』『百錬抄』同日条、『玉葉』29日条）。
English: Fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) was the right of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) to be exempted from all or part of the land tax to be paid to the government.
Japanese: 不輸の権（ふゆのけん）とは、荘園が国家への租税の一部またはすべてが免除される権利。
English: In Japan it was established in the form of Kanshofu sho (a shoen enjoying immunity from taxation by virtue of having official documents from both Dajokan [the Council of State] and Minbusho [the Ministry of Popular Affairs]) around the tenth century under regency.
Japanese: 日本においては、10世紀ころ、摂関政治のもとで官省符荘をもって成立した。
English: However, having been donated shoen, major aristocrats (the great and powerful) and major temples became honke (the owner of the highest-grade patches of land under the stratified land ruling) or ryoke (lords of the manors), and they exercised their political power as the lords of shoen.
Japanese: しかし、荘園の寄進を受けて本家や領家となった大貴族（権門勢家）・大寺社などの荘園領主はみずからの政治権力を行使した。
English: And the state granted them the right to collect surtax by issuing the Dajokanpu (the official documents of the Dajokan) issued by Dajokan or Minbushofu (the official documents of the Minbusho) issued by Minbusho.
Japanese: そして、太政官の発する太政官符や太政官の指令に基づいて民部省が発する民部省符によって、租税の徴収権を国家より公認された。
English: The nengu (annual tribute, land tax) on tax-exempt rice fields and kuji (public duties) were the sources of their incomes, and they were exempted from all or part of the land tax to be paid to the state.
Japanese: その免田（荘田）の年貢や公事を自己の収入とし、国家に対しては租税の一部またはすべてが免除された。
English: Although Fuyu no ken was established in the form of Kanshofu sho, as kokushi (provincial governors) came to have more authority later on, they were often allowed to grant authorization (remission of tax by kokushi) to themselves, as well as connected aristocrats, shrines and temples.
Japanese: 不輸の権は官省符荘をもって成立したが、のちに地方における国司の権限が強大となると、しばしば自分自身や、縁故のある貴族・寺社に対し、国司による認可（国司免判）が認められるようになった。
English: However, Fuyu no ken was guaranteed for Kokumen sho only during the kokushi's term.
Japanese: ただし、国免荘で不輸の権が保障されるのは国司の任期中に限られていた。
English: As Fuyu no ken was for kokushi to prepare for life after retirement, the right was exercised more towards the end of his term, but in many cases what he had gained was confiscated by the incoming kokushi.
Japanese: 国免荘における不輸の権は、国司辞任後の生活にそなえたものであり、多くは任期の末期に生じたが、次期の国司によって収公されることが多かった。
English: With the progress of developments in shoen, conflict between kaihatsu-ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) and kokushi intensified over the scope and the target of Fuyu (tax exemption), and more and more shoen acquired Funyu no ken (the right to keep the tax agents from entering their property) so they could take advantage of refusing the entry by kokushi's envoy.
Japanese: 荘園内での開発が進展するにともない、不輸の範囲や対象をめぐる開発領主と国司の対立がはげしくなると、荘園領主の権威を利用して国司の使者の立ち入りを認めない不入の権(日本)を得る荘園が増えた。
English: Consequently, due to the expansion of the two privileges, private dominance of land and people in shoen further grew, and the confrontation between kokushi who tried to reorganize shoen and lords of shoen intensified.
Japanese: そして、両特権の拡大によって、荘園における土地・人民の私的支配はいっそう強まり、荘園を整理しようとする国司と荘園領主とのあいだでも対立が深まった。
English: Quite a few powerful local clans and influential peasants armed themselves to maintain and enlarge their power, and to secure the land and people by preventing defiance by the peasants.
Japanese: 地方豪族や有力農民のなかには自らの勢力を維持・拡大するため、また、農民の反抗を防止して土地・人民を確保するために武装する者が少なくなかった。
English: In addition, some middle-level and lower-level aristocrats that the government had dispatched as Oryoshi or Tsuibushi (envoys to pursue and capture) to suppress disputes remained in the locality, and before long military networks were formed around the country.
Japanese: また、紛争鎮圧のために政府から押領使や追捕使として派遣された中級・下級の貴族のなかにも武士として現地に留まる者があらわれ、やがて軍事的ネットワークが各地に形成されていくのである。
English: Saikyuki (Saiguki) was a book on Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) and rites, which was compiled by MINAMOTO no Takaakira during the Heian period.
Japanese: 西宮記（さいきゅうき/さいぐうき）は、平安時代に源高明によって撰述された有職故実・儀式書。
English: Takaakira was born as a prince of Emperor Daigo and is known for having been demoted to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region) in the Anna Incident after being promoted to Sadaijin (minister of the left) after demotion from nobility to subject.
Japanese: 高明は醍醐天皇の皇子として生まれ、臣籍降下の後に左大臣に昇りながら、安和の変で大宰府に左遷されたことで知られている。
English: Because Takaakira's house was on the side of Saikyu (west part of capital), which was unusual at the time, he was also known as 'Saikyu Sadaijin,' from which the book title was derived.
Japanese: 高明邸が当時では珍しく西宮（右京）側にあったことから、「西宮左大臣」の異名で呼ばれ、書名の由来となった。
English: It is not known when the book was written, but some people say that one of the motivations to write it was to initiate Yusoku kojitsu to his son MINAMOTO no Toshikata who had been sent to Dazai-fu with him during the Anwa Incident.
Japanese: 本書の執筆年代は不明であるが、動機の1つとして安和の変の際にともに大宰府に送られた息子源俊賢に有職故実を伝授するために執筆されたとする見方もある。
English: Moreover, there are parts that were improved (by MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori, according to a theory) after the death of Takaakira during the reign of the Emperor Goichijo, and it is considered that there were more than three lines of books with different contents and organizations.
Japanese: 更に高明没後にも後一条天皇の時代に整理・加筆された（源経頼説がある）部分があり、内容・構成が違う3種類以上の系統の本があったとみられている。
English: It is also considered that some contents of other books were mixed in while copying and that there are overlapping descriptions.
Japanese: 更に書写の途中で他の書の内容の混入や重複した記述も行われたと見られる。
English: As a result, there are different theories about how many volumes the book came in, but among the existing books, there is a book in 17 volumes and one in 18 volumes, although the record indicates various numbers including 4, 10, 15, and 16.
Japanese: そのため、巻数が様々で記録では4巻・10巻・15巻・16巻などと伝えられているが、現存本には17巻・18巻本なども存在している。
English: It is considered that the book in 15 volumes was the original version by Takaakira, but it does not exist, and the book in 10 volumes was widely known as the rufu-bon (widely circulated edition), which had been sorted out and added kanmotsu (annotation of a book) instead.
Japanese: なお、15巻本が高明による原撰本と考えられているが現存せず、本文を整理して代わりに勘物などを充実させた10巻本が流布本として広く知られていた。
English: Basically, the structure is divided into two parts: 'Annual' where annual events per month were lined up from January to December and 'Temporary' where descriptions are given about the events that took place on a temporary basis.
Japanese: 基本的な構造としては、毎年の恒例行事を1月から12月まで月ごとに配列した「恒例」と臨時に発生する行事について記した「臨時」に分けられている。
English: Each description consists of the 'text' including notes inserted between the lines, and 'kanmotsu' comprised of many Tosho (superscription), bosho (傍書) (additions or supplements written by the side of the main texts), and book-end notes showing the sources of quotations from many books.
Japanese: 個々の記述は割注を含めた「本文」と多くの文献の引用などによって出典を示した多数の頭書・傍書・裏書などからなる「勘物」から構成されている。
English: It is an important historical material that provides in detail the contents and origins about the ceremonial rites of Imperial Court.
Japanese: 10世紀の宮中儀式の内容とその由来ついて詳細に知るための根本史料として重要である。
English: 18 volumes of Kansubon (book in scroll style) possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko Library (7 volumes of Annual, 10 volumes of Temporary, and 1 volume of catalogue, although one of the volumes of Annual and 4 volumes of Temporary overlap), 3 volumes of Kansubon possessed by Higashiyama Go-bunko collection (1 volume of the section on January of Annual and 2 volumes of Temporary), and 17 volumes of Kansubon in the collection of Imperial Household Archives (8 volumes of Annual, 9 volumes of Temporary, although 2 volumes of each were manuscripts from the Edo period) are among the known old manuscripts.
Japanese: 現在知られている古写本としては、尊経閣文庫蔵書の巻子本18巻（恒例7巻・臨時10巻・目録1巻、ただし恒例1巻・臨時4巻は重複）、東山御文庫蔵書の巻子本3巻（恒例1月分1巻、臨時2巻）、宮内庁書陵部蔵書の巻子本17巻（恒例8巻・臨時9巻、ただし恒例・臨時のうちそれぞれ2巻は江戸時代の写本）などが知られている。
English: Higashiyama gyomotsu (Higashiyama gomotsu) refers to the paintings, chaki (tea utensils), kaki (flower vase), stationery and other items collected by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the eastern barbarians") of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 東山御物（ひがしやまぎょもつ/ひがしやまごもつ）とは、室町幕府8代征夷大将軍足利義政によって収集された絵画・茶器・花器・文具などの称。
English: However, the whole collection of the successive shoguns of the Muromachi bakufu is sometimes called 'Higashiyama gyomotsu,' as opposed to the collection of the successive shoguns of the Edo bakufu, which is called 'Ryuei gomotsu' (the works of art for the tea ceremony passed down from the Tokugawa family).
Japanese: ただし、その中には室町幕府歴代将軍から継承された物が多数含まれ、また、江戸幕府歴代将軍の収集物が「柳営御物」と呼ばれるのに対する意味で、室町幕府歴代将軍の収集物全体を指して「東山御物」と呼ぶ場合もある。
English: Before the Meiji period, names such as 'Higashiyama dono gyomotsu' (東山殿御物), 'Higashiyama dono no gyomotsu' (東山殿之御物), and 'Higashiyama dono goshoji' (東山殿御所持) were used, and the four-character name 'Higashiyama gyomotsu' (東山御物) came into being during the early Meiji period.
Japanese: なお、明治以前には「東山殿御物」・「東山殿之御物」・「東山殿御所持」などの呼称が用いられており、「東山御物」の4文字表記が出現するのは明治に入ってからである。
English: According to a theory, the name 'Higashiyama gyomotsu' became familiar largely due to "Sado Zenshu" (complete collection of Japanese tea ceremony) published by Sogensha (in 1936).
Japanese: なお、東山御物の称が普及したのは、創元社『茶道全集』（1936年発行）によるところが大きいとする説がある。
English: As the successive shoguns including Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (Yoshimasa's grandfather) and Yoshinori ASHIKAGA (Yoshimasa's father) had a strong taste for Karamono (things imported from China), they collected Chinese paintings (Karamono) of Sung (dynasty), Yuan (dynasty), etc., through trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty, and the paintings were affixed with the seal of Kanzo in (a collector's seal, which was impressed on Sung and Yuan period paintings) such as 'Tenzan' and 'Doyu'
Japanese: 義政の祖父にあたる足利義満や父の足利義教ら歴代将軍は唐物志向が強く、日明貿易により宋(王朝)・元(王朝)などの中国絵画（唐物）を収集し、「天山」「道有」などの鑑蔵院が押された。
English: During the period of reign of Yoshimasa, Noami, the doboshu (the shogun's attendants in charge of entertainment), who was responsible for the maintenance and appraisal of Karamono, compiled 'Gomotsu One Mokuroku' (an inventory of selected Chinese paintings in the Ashikaga collection) (280 sets, owned by Tokyo National Museum), sorting the works by materials and styles, and recording the names of the painters, the subjects of the paintings and sanja (person who appreciates the work and writes appraisal in it).
Japanese: 義政期には唐物の管理や鑑定を行っていた同朋衆能阿弥にが「御物御画目録」（280幅、東京国立博物館所蔵）を編纂し、材質・形態別の分類を行い、画家や画題、賛者などを記した。
English: Noami also wrote "Kumidaikansochoki' (book of secrets about zashiki-kazari or decorations of a room or study with shoin - one of Japan's most important residential architectural styles, established during the Momoyama era).
Japanese: また、能阿弥は他にも東山御物について撰述した『君台観左右帳記』を著している。
English: However, quite a few works were moved to various provinces or gone missing, because they were scattered and ultimately lost during the Onin-Bunmei Wars, given away to territorial lords, or sold to doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders) due to the economic difficulties of the bakufu.
Japanese: だが、応仁・文明の乱により散逸した物や諸大名に下賜されたり、幕府財政難のために土倉に売却されるなどして、地方に移ったものやそのまま行方不明になった物も少なくない。
English: In the early Azuchi-Momoyama period, a trend to revere Yoshimasa as the 'founder of tea ceremony' started among the masters of tea ceremony, and the chaki of Higashiyama gyomotsu came to be valued.
Japanese: 安土桃山時代に入ると、義政を「茶道の祖」として崇敬する風潮が茶人の間で生まれ、東山御物の茶器が重んじられるようになった。
English: Funyu no ken is the right of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) to decline the entry of messengers (Kendenshi, Shunoshi, Shidoshi, etc.) from the Kokuga (provincial government offices)
Japanese: 不入の権（ふにゅうのけん）とは、荘園などが国衙からの使者（検田使・収納使・四度使など）の立入を拒否することが出来る権利。
English: Later, it included the right to decline the wielding of policing rights by the kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) and Kokuga, and the right to police by the shoen holder.
Japanese: 後には検非違使及び国衙による警察権行使の排除とそれに伴う荘園領主による警察権行使の権限も含まれるようになった。
English: In general, shoen with funyu no ken in many cases also had fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) (Japan) and these two rights are often considered as a set.
Japanese: 一般的に不入の権を持っている荘園は、不輸の権(日本)も合わせて持っている場合が多く、両者がセットとして考えられがちではある。
English: However, while Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) was functioning, the handenshi (land reallocator) would survey rice fields that had fuyu no ken and confirm that they were excluded as targets of handen and in later years, there were rice fields that had fuyu no ken, but did not have funyu no ken.
Japanese: 班田収授法が機能していた時代には不輸の田地に対しても班田使が調査を行って班田の対象外であることを確認することが行われており、後世においても不輸の田地でも不入の権を有していない田地も存在していた。
English: For fuyu no ken to be recognized, it was necessary to apply for each rich field, but as desaku (an act in which farmers who live in a certain shoen cultivate lands of other)became common and the shoen side wished to include this as part of the land with fuyu no ken, a conflict arose with the Kokushi side, which wanted to stop this.
Japanese: 不輸が認められるには、個々の田地ごとに申請を必要としていたが、出作が盛んになるとともに不輸地の一部に含めようとする荘園側とこれを阻止しようとする国司側の間で紛争が生じるようになった。
English: In addition, in odder to introduce Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen and provincial land in a province) as well as to decide on target lands for Manor Regulation Acts, the kokuga began to intervene into rice fields that were recognized to have fuyu no ken.
Japanese: また、一国平均役の導入や荘園整理令の対象地の確定を巡って不輸と認定された田地においても国衙の介入が行われるようになった。
English: Therefore, the shoen side obtained a decree of funyu no ken and tried to eliminate any intervention from the Kokuga.
Japanese: そのため、荘園側は不入の宣旨を得て国衙からの介入の排除を図るようになった。
English: In addition, because kebiishi sometimes worked to collect taxes, a movement to keep kebiishi from entering shoen also arose and this led to the elimination of their policing rights, which was the actual task of kebiishi.
Japanese: 更に検非違使が徴税に関する業務を行うことがあったことから、検非違使の不入を求める動きも現れ、結果的には検非違使本来の業務である警察権の排除にも発展するようになった。
English: The movement towards eliminating policing rights by funyu no ken was advocated and was made into a privilege even after policing rights were transferred to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as 'Shugo funyu' (the right to keep shugo [provincial constable] from entering the property) and this continued until the shoen system was eliminated by the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period).
Japanese: 不入の権による警察権排除の動きは、検断権が幕府に移った後でも「守護不入」の形で主張・権利化され、戦国大名による荘園制度解体まで続くことになった。
English: Jisha seiryoku is a term describing the military, governmental, economical and cultural power of temples and shrines (at that time considered equivalent because of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism), which shared power with the military government and Imperial Court during the Japanese middle ages.
Japanese: 寺社勢力（じしゃせいりょく）とは日本中世において、武家政権・朝廷とともに権力を三分した、大寺院・神社（当時は神仏習合のために一体）による軍事・行政・経済・文化パワーである。
English: It is called 'seiryoku' because there was no center of power as with the military government and Imperial Court, but each religious institution acted independently and even in one institution there were many counteracting groups.
Japanese: 武家政権や朝廷のように権力中枢があったわけではなく、各寺社が独立して行動し、また一寺社内でもさまざまな集団がせめぎ合っていたため、「勢力」と呼ぶ。
English: From the late Heian period, large temples such as the Enryaku-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples kept monk warriors and an independent military power.
Japanese: 平安時代末期から、延暦寺、興福寺などの大寺社は僧兵を抱えて独自の武力を備えた。
English: The temples had many laypeople called Shuto, Jinin who made up large megalopolises surrounding temples with high economical, learning and craft-making activity called 'Keidai toshi' (temple city) in recent Japanese history studies.
Japanese: また、衆徒・神人とよばれる俗人を多数配下において大人口を誇り、経済・学問・工芸活動などが盛んだった寺社周辺は、近年の日本歴史学で「境内都市」と呼ばれる一大メガロポリスであった。
English: The Enryaku-ji Temple owned a large keidai (land) on the east side of the Kamo-gawa River in Kyoto through Yasaka-jinja Shrine that was under the control of Enryaku-ji Temple, and Kofuku-ji Temple owned most of the shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Yamato Province; they had a large influence on Kyoto through their economic power throughout the middle ages.
Japanese: 延暦寺は、配下においていた八坂神社が京の鴨川の東側に大きな境内（領地）を持っていたこと、興福寺は大和国一国の荘園のほとんどを領して中世を通してその経済力で京に大きな支配力を及ぼした。
English: The Enryaku-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples were strong jisha seiryoku that were together called 'Nanto hokurei' (the powerful temples of Nara and Mt. Hiei).
Japanese: 強大な寺社勢力である延暦寺と興福寺を合わせて「南都北嶺」（なんとほくれい）と称された。
English: The lands of large temples were considered 'Muensho' where the common people who had a hard life would move in and become absorbed.
Japanese: また、大寺社内は「無縁所」とよばれる地域であり、生活に困窮した庶民が多く移民し、寺社領地内に吸収された。
English: The right for the bakufu to investigate wanted people, called 'Kendanken,' could not be enforced within large temple grounds and therefore many people who were escaping the war such as MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and Emperor Godaigo sought protection under the temples.
Japanese: また、幕府が罪人を捜査する「検断権」も大寺社内には及ばず、そのため源義経や後醍醐天皇など、戦乱に追われた人々の多くが寺社にかくまわれた。
English: At the end of the Sengoku period (period of the warring states) (Japan), Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and others were strongly against the jisha seiryoku and fought many vicious battles.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)末期において、織田信長、豊臣秀吉などは寺社勢力と激しく敵対し、苛烈な戦いを繰り広げた。
English: However, they used the advanced technological skills of the jisha seiryoku, for example craftsmen from Enryaku-ji Temple were used to build Azuchi-jo Castle, or rifles made by craftsmen from the Negoro-ji Temple were used in the battle.
Japanese: だがその一方で、安土城の築城に延暦寺の職人を利用したり、根来寺の鉄砲を戦争に利用するなど、寺社勢力の高い技術力を活用もした。