nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The action of doing good deeds (their primal vow) is considered to imply that they doubt 'the Primal Vow of Amida Nyorai,' which is believed 'to save every person without condition.'
Japanese: また善行を積もうとする行為（自力作善）は、「すべての衆生を無条件に救済する」とされる「阿弥陀仏の本願力」を疑う心であると捉える。
English: Namely, what is done because it is thought to be good (In) may sometimes bring forth good results (Zenka) but sometimes bad results (Akka) according to their relationships (En).
Japanese: つまり、善と思い行った事（因）が、縁によっては、善をもたらす事（善果）もあれば、悪をもたらす事（悪果）もある。
English: In the "Immeasurable Life Buddhist Sutra and Teachings," Bodhisattva Dharmakara (the name of Amitabha during his ascetic period) observed that all people appeared to be visited by adversity and distress and, took a vow that he would try to have all become like Buddha to make people happy.
Japanese: 『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』には、すべての人が悲しみ苦しみにあえいでいる姿をつぶさに観察した法蔵菩薩（阿弥陀仏の修行時代の名前）は、この人たちすべてが仏となって幸せになってもらいたいと誓いを立てた。
English: In the eighteenth vow of the forty-eight vows, the following is written: 'I will let those be born in Buddha-Land and become happy 'Buddha' under my guidance if they believe me and chant my name, wishing to be born in Buddha-Land (gokuraku jodo: the Pure Land).'
Japanese: その四十八願の第18番目の願いに、「私を信じて、私の作った仏国土（極楽浄土）に生まれたいと思って、私の名前を呼んだものは、すべての人を私の国土に生まれさせて、私の指導によって、ゆるぎない幸せな『仏陀』にさせよう」とある。
English: Whatever we may do, we can't be free from desires (earthly desires); any deed based upon them is nothing but evil (Bonnojoku: defiled passion).
Japanese: 何を行うにしろ我々には欲望（煩悩）があり、その計らいによる行為はすべて悪（煩悩濁）でしかない。
English: Even when trying to do good deeds, it was not just a matter knowing the criteria for good and bad but, in essence there was no set basis of judgment of good or evil.
Japanese: 善いことをしようにも、実際には自らの善悪の基準でしかなく、本質的な善悪の判断基準がない。
English: Ordinary people are essentially 'evil,' and the object of the salvation of Amida Buddha is 'evil people,' so they will be saved by Amida Buddha's Primal Vow.
Japanese: すべての衆生は根源的な「悪人」であるがゆえに、阿弥陀仏の救済の対象は、「悪人」であり、その本願力によってのみ救済されるとする。
English: Namely, the essential part of 'the thought that the most wicked are the true object of salvation' is as follows:
Japanese: つまり「私は『悪人』であると気付かされた者こそ、『真実』に目覚めさせられる。
English: However, this thought should be interpreted with care, since it's likely to be misunderstood as follows: you can do evil things depending on your desires.
Japanese: しかしこの事は、「欲望のままに悪事を行っても良い」と誤解されやすく注意を要する。
English: Moreover, Shinran (founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect) following a conscious effort at deep introspection elucidated a view that, Amitabha took an oath to build Buddhism as preached in the "Immeasurable Life Buddhist Teachings" which, 'were written as if just for Shinran' and which, for all intents and purposes are read as if applying to each and everyone of us, and are not just Buddhist chants for intoning but a means to express gratitude for Buddha his teachers and dharma.
Japanese: さらに、親鸞は自らを深く内省することによって、阿弥陀仏が誓願を起こして仏と成ったと『仏説無量寿経』で説かれていることは、「親鸞一人のためであった」と、阿弥陀仏の本願力を自己のもの、つまり我々一人一人のためであったと受け止め、称名念仏は、行(仏教)ではなく、その報恩謝徳のためであると勧め教化した。
English: Honen, the originator of Jodoshu, referred to "Yushin Anrakudo (Way of Securing Relaxation and Peace"), which was written in the seventh century by Gangyo, a scholar of Kagen-shu, in Silla.
Japanese: 浄土宗の法然が、7世紀の新羅の華厳宗の学者である元暁（がんぎょう）の『遊心安楽道』を引いている。
English: Thus, it has been pointed out through the ages that the object of Amida Buddha is the salvation of ordinary people and that the teaching of the salvation of the wicked did not originate with Shinran.
Japanese: このように、すでに古くから阿弥陀仏の目的が凡夫の救済を目標としていること、悪人正機の教えが親鸞の独創ではない事は指摘されていた。
English: Honen also developed the theory by remarking, ''I intend to preach the very best law for the sake of the most evil, wicked people.'
Japanese: 法然も『選択本願念仏集』に「極悪最下の人のために極善最上の法を説く」と述べており、悪人正機説を展開している。
English: However, Honen had a different perspective: he evaluated the efforts people made in order to do good deeds, and believed that those who couldn't become good people should endeavor all the more.
Japanese: しかし、法然はどこまでも善を行う努力を尊んだのであり、かえって善人になれない自己をして、より一層の努力をすべきだという立場である。
English: His viewpoint is shown in his writing in "Wagotoroku" that 'those who have done ten evil things and five grave offenses should try not to commit any more crimes, hoping they can be reborn."
Japanese: 『和語灯録』に「罪をば十悪五逆の者、尚、生まると信じて、小罪をも犯さじと思ふべし」とあるのは、これを示している。
English: In one biography of Honen ("The World's Fine Things: Biography of Priest Honen") included in "Showa Shinshu Honen Shonin Zenshu" (complete works of Honen Shonin) appears: 'Word of mouth commentary on the righteous die happier than the evil' which is also found in Kudensho ("What Shinran Taught") and "Tannisho" (Lamentations).
Japanese: 法然の伝記の一つである『醍醐本法然上人伝記』（『昭和新修法然上人全集』所収）のなかに「善人尚以往生況悪人乎口伝有之」と、『口伝鈔』『歎異抄』と同じ文言がある。
English: Together these make up Honen's word of mouth commentary and from them, the Buddhist academic Fumihiko SUEKI has commented 'Genku (Honen's posthumous name) followers possibly carried on the oral tradition in a slogan-like way.'
Japanese: ともに法然の口伝としていることから、末木文美士は「源空門下の人達によって、スローガン的に伝持されたものではないか」としている。
English: What emerged was people who undertook deeds to understand the meaning of 'evil persons' claiming 'if you are to rescue evil persons then, evil action must be actively pursued.'
Japanese: 悪人正機の意味を誤解して「悪人が救われるというなら、積極的に悪事を為そう」という行動に出る者が現れた。
English: Shinran worried about it and warned against it, saying, 'You should not indulge yourself in poison, even if you have medicine.'
Japanese: 親鸞はこの事態を憂慮して「くすりあればとて毒をこのむべからず」と戒めている。
English: However, this warning sometimes had an excessive influence; in "Tannisho," Yuien criticized overly strict people who would not allow those who had committed bad deeds to enter Nenbutsu dojo.
Japanese: ただし今度はこの訓戒が逆に行き過ぎて、例えば悪行をなした者は念仏道場への立ち入りを禁止するなどの問題が起きた事を、唯円は『歎異抄』において批判している。
English: The Jodo Sanbu-kyo is a collective name for the basic three sutras of the various Jodo sects in Japan.
Japanese: 浄土三部経（じょうどさんぶきょう）は、浄土教日本諸宗の正依の三経典の総称のこと。
English: These sutras preach about Amida Nyorai, his 48 vows and 'Gokuraku,' the Buddha Land (Pure Land).
Japanese: 阿弥陀如来とその四十八願、またその仏国土（浄土）である「極楽」に関する教えなどが説かれている。
English: Many commentaries on the Pure Land philosophy that have been written in China and Japan since the ancient times have mainly been compiled according to these three sutras.
Japanese: 古来より中国・日本において、浄土思想に言及する註釈書は非常に多いが、この三経典を中心に撰述されている。
English: Shinran, the founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect, wrote three phrases at the close of 'sojo' (introduction) of his major book "Ken Jodo Shinjitsu-kyogyo Shomonrui" (Selected passages revealing the true teaching, practice and attainment of the Jodo (Pure Land), namely "Daimuryoju-kyo Sutra" (Larger Sutra of Immeasurable Life), 'True teaching' and 'Jodo Shinshu sect.'
Japanese: 浄土真宗の宗祖とされる親鸞は、主著『顕浄土真実教行証文類』の「総序」の結びに、『大無量寿経』・「真実の教」・「浄土真宗」と記している。
English: The original title is "Sukhavativyuha Sutra ('Sukhāvatīvyūha'in Sanskrit)," which means 'Solemnity of the Pure Land (Gokuraku-no-sogon).'
Japanese: 原題は『スカーバティービューハ』（サンスクリット：Sukhāvatīvyūha）で、「極楽の荘厳」という意味である。
English: It is also called "the larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra" in order to be distinguished from "Amida Sutra," which has the same name in Sanskrit
Japanese: サンスクリットでは同タイトルの『阿弥陀経』と区別して、『大スカーバティービューハ』とも呼ぶ。
English: It is expressed in the present writing system due to the problems pertaining to a nation's script (daily-use kanji, kanji for common use and the list of 1006 kanji taught in Japanese primary schools).
Japanese: なお国語国字問題（当用漢字・常用漢字・教育漢字）により現表記となる。
English: It is said that there were 12 translations, but only five exist today while seven are missing.
Japanese: 中国語訳は、12訳あったといわれ、現在に伝わっているものとして、5つの訳本が現存し、7つの訳本は、欠本になっている。
English: Out of the five existing translations, there are various theories about the translators of 'Kan-yaku (Han translation),' 'Go-yaku (Go translation)' and 'Gi-yaku (Wei translation).'
Japanese: 現存するうち、「漢訳」・「呉訳」・「魏訳」の訳者に関しては諸説ある。
English: Volume 4 of "Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment" was translated later into Chinese by the early monk Lokaksema (also known as 支婁迦讖 Zhī Lóujiāchèn in Chinese and Shirukasen in Japanese).
Japanese: 『仏説無量清浄平等覚経』4巻後漢の支婁迦讖（しるかせん）訳…「漢訳」
English: The titles of the original sutras were "Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment" (Volumes 1 to 4) translated by the early monk Lokaksema (also known as 支婁迦讖 Zhī Lóujiāchèn in Chinese and Shirukasen in Japanese) in the late Han Dynasty.
Japanese: 原文の経題の表記は、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第一』、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第二』、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第三』、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第四』後漢月支國三藏支婁迦讖譯。
English: It is also said that Hogo JIKU, Zhu Fahua (Jikuhougo) in West Jin or Baiyan (Hakuen) in Sogi translated it.
Japanese: 西晋の竺法護（じくほうご）訳、曹魏の白延（はくえん〈帛延とも〉）訳との説もある。
English: The above is quoted mainly from the following: "Kammuryoju-kyosho (Kangyosho) (Commentary on the Meditation Sutra)," by Shandao; "Ojoyoshu (Buddhism book)," by Genshin (a priest); "Senchakuhongan nenbutsu shu," by Honen; "Kenjodo-shinjitsu-kyogyo shomonrui" and "Gutoku-sho," by Shinran, and "Anjin Ketsujo Sho," which is of unknown authorship.
Japanese: 主な引用先…善導：『観無量寿経疏』、源信(僧侶)…『往生要集』、法然：『選択本願念仏集』、親鸞：『顕浄土真実教行証文類』、『愚禿鈔』、作者不詳：『安心決定鈔』。
English: "Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu Saru Butsudan Kadonindo Kyo Sutra, Vol. 2," translated by Zhi Qian in Go (Three countries): 'Go-translation.'
Japanese: 『仏説阿弥陀三耶三仏薩楼仏檀過度人道経』2巻呉(三国)の支謙訳…「呉訳」
English: The original way of writing the title is "Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu saru butsudan kadonindo kyo Sutra, Part 1" and "Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu saru butsudan kadonindo kyo Sutra, Part 2," as translated by Zhi Qian-koji in Yuezhi, Go.
Japanese: 原文の経題の表記は、『佛説阿彌陀三耶三佛薩樓佛檀過度人道經卷上』、『佛説阿彌陀三耶三佛薩樓佛檀過度人道經卷下』呉月支國居士支謙譯。
English: The above is mainly quoted from "Ojoyoshu (Buddhism book)," written by Genshin, "Senchaku-shu (Selected Works)," by Honen, and "Kyogyoshinsho," by Shinran.
Japanese: 主な引用先…源信…『往生要集』、法然：『選択集』、親鸞：『教行信証』。
English: Of the Chinese translations, the Jodo sect group mainly uses "Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Vol. 2," which is said to have been translated by Sogi Kosogai.
Japanese: 中国語訳のうち日本の浄土教諸宗において主に用いられるのは、康僧鎧が訳したとされる『仏説無量寿経』2巻である。
English: In the Jodo sect group, "Muryojukyo" refers to "Bussetsu Muryojukyo," as translated by Sogi Kosogai, if there is no advisory.
Japanese: 浄土教諸宗において「無量寿経」といえば、特に注意書が無い場合は、康僧鎧訳の『仏説無量寿経』を指す。
English: It is among the basic scriptures of Japanese Jodo sect and is called 'the Jodo Sanbu-kyo,' along with "Kammuryoju-kyo (Meditation Sutra)," translated by Ryuso Kyoryoyasha, and "Amida-kyo Bussetsu Amida Sutra," translated by Kumaraju.
Japanese: 浄土教日本の根本聖典の一つで、『観無量寿経』（畺良耶舎訳）、『阿弥陀経仏説阿弥陀経』（鳩摩羅什訳）とともに「浄土三部経」と総称される。
English: Shinran, the founder of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) offshoot of the Jodo Sect placed particular weight on this sutra and it is seen as the most important scripture to Jodo Shinshu.
Japanese: 浄土真宗の宗祖である親鸞は、特にこの経典を重んじ、浄土真宗の最重要経典である。
English: It is also called "Dai Muryojukyo" (the Sutra of Immeasurable Life (Wo-liang-shou ching)," (abbreviated as "Daikyo"); since it is comprised of two parts, it is also called "Sokan Muryojukyo" or "Sokankyo."
Japanese: 別称に、『大無量寿経』（略して『大経』）、上下巻の2巻からなるため『双巻無量寿経』（『雙巻無量壽經』）、『双巻経』（『雙巻經』）とも呼ばれる。
English: The original way of writing the title was "Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Part 1" and "Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Part 2," as translated by Sogi Tenjiku Sanzo Kosogai.
Japanese: 原文の経題の表記は、『佛説無量壽經卷上』・『佛説無量壽經卷下』曹魏天竺三藏康僧鎧譯。
English: The special feature of the 'Wei Translation' is the frequent appearance of vocabulary such as 'natural,' 'idleness' and 'purity' which were common to Taoism and Daoism of the Tao and Western Jin Dynasty.
Japanese: 「魏訳」の特徴として、「自然」「無為」「清浄」など、曹魏・西晋時代の老荘ないし道教と共通する用語が多く見え、それらの影響が強く反映されている。
English: The preface describes that Shaka exhibits and preaches about the excellent features of five virtues to brilliant bhiksus and bodihisattvas at Mt. Ryojusen, as well as at Griddhakuta in Rajagrha.
Japanese: 序分に王舎城の耆闍崛山において、優れた比丘や菩薩たちに対して、釈迦が五徳の瑞相をあらわし説かれた。
English: He prepared Buddhist gaatha (verses) and made venerations and, expressed a desire to behold the building up of Buddhism in various countries.
Japanese: 偈文（「讃仏偈」）を作り師を讃嘆し、諸々の仏の国土の成り立ちを見せて欲しいと願いを述べた。
English: From Buddhist countries he selected the very best of aspects, prayed and, pondered for a long time over which course to take.
Japanese: その仏国土より優れた点を選び取り、発願（ほつがん）し、五劫の間思惟して行を選び取った。
English: Hozo bosatsu, who has made vows and achieved his will, expressed his forty-eight vows to his mentor.
Japanese: 願と行を選び取った法蔵菩薩は、師に向かい48の願（四十八願）を述べた。
English: He preached that he had performed ascetic practices for a very long time, completed his vows, became Buddha of Immeasurable Life (Amida Buddha); the name of the Buddha Land was 'the Pure Land.'
Japanese: そして兆戴永劫にわたり修行し、願が成就し、無量寿仏（阿弥陀仏）と成り、その仏国土の名が「極楽」であると説かれる。
English: Ten kalpa passed after the completion of his vows; the virtue of Amida Buddha and the Buddha Land, or "the Pure Land," are also described.
Japanese: 願が成就してから十劫が経っていて、阿弥陀仏の徳とその国土である「極楽」の様子が説かれる。
English: It was preached and people earnestly felt that upon death everyone had a desire to be born in Sukhavati (Amitabha's Pure Land), committed to becoming a Buddha and, sincerely rejoiced on hearing the name Amitabha
Japanese: 極楽浄土に生まれたいと願う者は皆、仏になることが約束され、阿弥陀仏の名号を聞信し喜び、心から念ずれば往生が定まると説かれる。
English: They are divided into the top, second and third classes of Buddhists, and their respective way of birth in the Pure Land is preached.
Japanese: その者たちは、上輩・中輩・下輩に分けられ、それぞれの往生の方法が説かれる。
English: Unable to pursue ascetic training nor were subordinates able to be charitable or protect the less fortunate who for example, were preached to that they would definitely die a happy death if they prayed fervently even if only a bare minimum number of times.
Japanese: 修行もやり遂げられない、善行も戎も守りきれない下輩の者は、たとえわずかな回数でも、一心に念ずれば往生がさだまると説かれる。
English: Shakyamuni advises them to read Gemon ('Tohoge sutra (verses on going to pay reverence to Amida)'), listen to the teachings, respect Amida Buddha and to be born in the Pure Land.
Japanese: そして釈尊は、偈文（「東方偈〈往覲偈〉」）を読み、教えを聞き、阿弥陀仏を敬い、「極楽」への往生を勧める。
English: Next, Shakyamuni shows Maitreyathe the reasons for the pains of creatures who live in the world of earthly desires (Edo, this impure world) and preaches against them: three banes, five evils, such as killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and drinking.
Japanese: 次に釈尊は弥勒菩薩に対して、煩悩のある世界（穢土）に生きる衆生の苦しみの理由を、三毒・五悪（殺生〈せつしよう〉・偸盗〈ちゆうとう〉・邪淫〈じやいん〉・妄語〈もうご〉・飲酒〈おんじゆ〉）によると示し、誡める。
English: He tells Maitreyathe that they cannot be freed from the pains and that birth in the Pure Land is the way to be released from them.
Japanese: 続けて弥勒菩薩に、そのままではその苦しみから逃れられない事を説き、「極楽」に往生する事が苦しみから逃れる方法であると説かれる。
English: He also preaches that by simply listening to the name of Buddha of Immeasurable Life and uttering his name (invocation) the efficacy of Buddha can be attained.
Japanese: それは、ただ無量寿仏の名を聞いて、たった一度でも名を称えれば（念仏）すれば、功徳を身に供える事ができると説いた。
English: He states that those who listen to this teaching are never to backslide (they are sure to be born in the Pure Land).
Japanese: この教えを聞いたものは、後戻りする事は無い（必ず往生できる）と説かれる。
English: In the epilogue, he states that they should keep chanting the name of the supreme efficacy; even when all the other laws have disappeared with the passing of time, this sutra (Muryoju-kyo Sutra) is sure to remain and keep working for the salvation of people.
Japanese: 流通分には、無上功徳の名号を受持せよとすすめ、時が流れ一切の法が滅しても、この経（『無量寿経』）だけは留めおいて人々を救いつづけると説かれる。
English: The original way of writing the title is "Daihousekikyo Sutra, Vol. 17," 'Muryoju Noraie, No. 1 of 5,' "Daihousekikyo, Vol. 18," and 'Muryoju Nyoraie, No. 2 of 5,' translated by Daito Sanzo Bodairushi.
Japanese: 原文の経題の表記は、『大寶積經卷第十七』「無量壽如來會第五之一」、『大寶積經卷第十八』「無量壽如來會第五之二」大唐三藏菩提流志詔譯。
English: The above is mainly quoted from "Kyogyoshinsho," "Jodofumi ruishusho," "Gutoku-sho," "Passages (Concerning) Birth in the Pure Land in the Three Pure Land Sutras" (Jodo Sankyo Ojo Monrui)," "Ichinentamen-moni," "Nyorai Nishu Eko-mon," "Shinran Shonin Onshosoku (Zensho book: Book of good nature)"by Shinran, and "Shoshinge Taii (Shoshinge summary)," by Rennyo.
Japanese: 主な引用先…親鸞：『教行信証』、『浄土文類聚鈔』、『愚禿鈔』、『浄土三経往生文類』、『一念多念文意』、『如来二種回向文』、『親鸞聖人御消息（善性本）』、蓮如：『正信偈大意』。
English: "Bussetsu Daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra, Vol. 3," translated by Hokken in Sung (Kingdom): Sung translation.
Japanese: 『仏説大乗無量寿荘厳経』3巻宋(王朝)の法賢（ほっけん）訳…「宋訳」
English: The original way of writing the title is "Bussetsu Daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra, Part 1," "Bussetsu Daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra, Part 2," "Bussetsu Daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra, Part 3," as translated by Sanzo Chosandaibu Shikorokukyo Meikyodaishi Shin Hoken in India.
Japanese: 原文の経題の表記は、『佛説大乘無量壽莊嚴經卷上』、『佛説大乘無量壽莊嚴經卷中』、『佛説大乘無量壽莊嚴經卷下』西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試光祿卿明教大師臣法賢奉詔譯。
English: "Bussetsu Muryoju Shishin Toshogaku kyo, Vol. 1," which is said to have been translated by Horiki JIKU in East Jin.
Japanese: 『仏説無量寿至真等正覚経』1巻東晋の竺法力（じくほうりき）訳とされる。
English: It is also called "Kanmuryoju Bukkyo" or "Muryojukan Gyo" and is abbreviated as "Kangyo."
Japanese: 別名『観無量寿仏経』、『無量寿観経』ともいい、『観経』と略称される。
English: It is one of the basic sacred sutras of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect in Japan and, together with "Bussetsu Muryoju Kyo" (the Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life) and "Bussetsu Amida Kyo Sutra" (The Sutra of Amida Buddha), they are generally called the "Jodo Sanbu-kyo" (the three main sutras of the Pure Land sect).
Japanese: 日本の浄土教の根本聖典の一つで、『仏説無量寿経』（康僧鎧訳）、『仏説阿弥陀経』（鳩摩羅什訳）とともに「浄土三部経」と総称される。
English: Buddha (Gotama Siddhattha), owing to the request from Vaidehi, the wife of Bimbisara, preached 13 sermons by meditating on Amida Buddha, the Land of Utmost Bliss, and the bodhisattvas Kannon and Seishi Bosatsu with the introductory part describing 'Oshajo no higeki' (Tragedy in Osahjo), in which a prince called Ajase (a king of Magadha, in India, during the time of Shakyamuni Buddha) was tempted by his bad companion Devadatta to have his own father Bimbisara confined and starved to death.
Japanese: 阿闍世という名の太子が、悪友の提婆達多にそそのかされて、父の頻婆娑羅王を幽閉し餓死させようとした「王舎城の悲劇」を導入部として、王の后である韋提希夫人の願いにより釈迦が、極楽世界や阿弥陀仏、観音菩薩・勢至菩薩の二菩薩を観想する13の観法を説かれる。
English: He also preached by allocating those who leave this world to be born in the Land of Utmost Bliss to one of the nine patterns of passing on to the next life (Kuhon) ranging from jobon josho (upper grade: upper birth) to gebon gesho (lower grade: lower birth).
Japanese: そして、極楽世界に往生する者を「上品上生」から「下品下生」（九品）に分け説かれる。
English: Lastly, Buddha preached by instructing Ananda, one of the 10 major disciples of Buddha, "be sure to keep the name of 無量寿仏 within your mind at all times."
Japanese: 最後に釈尊が阿難に向って「無量寿仏の御名を、常に心にとどめ続けよ。」と説かれる。
English: It is said that the document existed within the book entitled "Kaigen Shakkyo roku" (Kaigen era (in China) Catalog of the Buddhist Canon), edited by Chisho; however, it is the description from a record of Buddhist sutra translations scattered and lost in early days, and the document isn't named as a translated Buddhist sutra in the article of Mitta DONMA in "Kosoden" (biographies of high-ranking monks).
Japanese: 『開元釈教録』（編纂：智昇）に収録され存在したとの説もあるが、早く散逸した訳経録よりの記載であり、『高僧伝』の曇摩蜜多の条にも訳出経典として挙げられていない。
English: Therefore, the translators may have confused and misunderstood that there were two translations, but now it is commonly known that only Bussetsu Kanmuryoju Kyo sutra exists.
Japanese: よって訳者の混同により二訳ありとの過失が生じたものと考えられ、仏説観無量寿経のみが存在すると考えるのが通説である。
English: Although the remaining pieces of a translated writing in the Uighur language were discovered in Dunhuang City by the Otani Expedition, the writing is regarded as a duplicate translation from the Buddhist sutras translated in words of Chinese origin (it is said that the translation in the Uighur language was prepared in middle Asia or China).
Japanese: ウイグル語訳は、残簡が大谷探検隊により敦煌市にて発見されているが、これも漢訳経典よりの重訳とみられている（中央アジアもしくは中国で作られたとの説もある）。
English: The Jodo (Pure Land) sects in Japan commonly believe that the documents compiled by Shandao are the commentaries of Kangyo.
Japanese: 日本の浄土教においては、善導の撰述した書を、観経の注釈書とするのが通例。
English: Both groups of meanings are found in popular Japanese-Japanese dictionaries such as "Daijirin" or "Kojien," and are used generally.
Japanese: 双方の意味とも大辞林・広辞苑などの辞書に掲載される一般的な用法である。
English: Because of the power of Hongan made by Amida Buddha himself, mankind is able to be born in the Pure Land.
Japanese: ここで、本願とは仏自身が立てた「願」であって、その願力によって衆生は浄土へ往生することができる
English: Furthermore it is thought to mean that Birth in the Pure Land would not be accomplished by one's own work or acts.
Japanese: さらに自らの働きもしくは行によっては往生は成就しないということをも意味しているとされる。
English: However, in the thoughts of the Jodo kyo, especially of the Jodo shin shu (True Pure Land sect Buddhism), the antonym of "Jiriki" is "Tariki Hongan," but not "Tariki."
Japanese: が、浄土教ことに浄土真宗では「自力」の対語は「他力本願」であり「他力」ではない。
English: Shinran interpreted that Tariki Hongan was the power of the Original Vow made by Amida Buddha, and that the power worked not only for the people's Birth in the Pure Land, but also kept working for the present moment in the people's real lives as well.
Japanese: 親鸞は、他力本願とは阿弥陀仏の本願の働きであり、その働きは浄土への往生のためだけでなく、今この時にも働き続けていると解釈した。
English: For him, it was not just about the Jodo sects idea of dying a happy death but, it was explained that to die a future happy death in the Jodo sect was to confirm ones faith in Buddhism by achieving rebirth in the present (gensho).
Japanese: 彼は、浄土への往生を喜ぶだけでなく、将来は往生して浄土で仏となることが確約されている現在を現生正定聚（げんしょうしょうじょうじゅ）と説明した。
English: He also taught that people were alive because of the power of compassion or Hongan, which came from the wisdom of Amida Buddha.
Japanese: 現実に生きていることが、阿弥陀仏の般若から生じた慈悲（本願）の働きによって生かされているとした。
English: The second group of meanings of Tariki Hongan is mainly used in the context without a religious background, and indicates "relying on others" or "letting things take their course."
Japanese: 主に宗教的意味を伴わない文脈で、「ひと任せ」「他人依存」「成り行き任せ」などの意味で使用される。
English: Like the Trinity in Christianity, Tariki Hongan is one of the wordings in the Japanese language that is sometimes used differently from their original religious concepts or meanings.
Japanese: キリスト教における三位一体同様、日本語の中で、元々の宗教的概念や意味合いとは異なって使用されることのある用語の一つである。
English: Although both groups of meanings are found in dictionaries and are used generally, various schools of the Jodo Shinshu sect often protest against the usage of Tariki Hongan in the second meaning mentioned above.
Japanese: 現在では、双方の意味とも辞書に掲載される一般的な用法であるが、浄土真宗各派から上記2の意味で使った事例に対して抗議が行われることがある。
English: In 1968, while Tadao KURAISHI, the Minster of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries at that time, was talking about Japanese armament, he said something like, "In this modern world, we can not survive in the Tariki Hongan way," and was subject to protests from various schools of the Jodo Shinshu sect of Buddhism.
Japanese: 1968年には、当時の倉石忠雄農相が日本の軍備に触れ、「今の世界は他力本願では生きていけない」との意味の発言をして浄土真宗各派から抗議されている。
English: In May 2002, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. (present-day Olympus Corporation) ran an advertisement using the phrase "Let us get away from Tariki Hongan," in a newspaper with nationwide circulation.
Japanese: 2002年5月、オリンパス光学工業株式会社（現在のオリンパス株式会社）が全国紙に「他力本願から抜け出そう」というコピーで広告を掲載した。
English: The Federation of Shinshu Temples (Shinshu Kyodan Rengo) made a protest against the corporation saying, "the expression in the ad hurts the feelings of many followers of the Shinshu sect. "
Japanese: それに対し真宗教団連合が「広告の表現は多くの門徒の心を踏みにじる」と抗議をしている。
English: Its original title was "Sukharvativyuha Sutra" (Sukhāvatīvyūha in Sanskrit), which means 'the solemnity of gokuraku (the Pure Land).'
Japanese: 原題は『スカーバティービューハ』（サンスクリット：Sukhāvatīvyūha）で、「極楽の荘厳」の意味である。
English: In order to distinguish it from "Muryoju-kyo sutra" (Sutra of Immeasurable Life) whose title is same in Sanskrit, it's also called "Smaller Sukharvativyuha Sutra."
Japanese: サンスクリットでは同タイトルの『無量寿経』と区別して『小スカーバティービューハ』とも呼ぶ。
English: Because "Amida-kyo Sutra" is the sutra whose content is the teachings preached that Shakyamuni had taught, not the one in which Shakyamuni replied to the questions raised by disciples, it is called 'Mumon jisetsu kyo' (the sutra whose content is not questions and answers but the preaching of Shakyamuni).
Japanese: 『阿弥陀経』は、弟子の質問に答える形の経ではなく、釈迦自ら説かれた経であるため「無問自説経」ともよばれる。
English: The original Sanskrit version was also introduced into Japan in ancient times, and during the Edo period it was published and became a subject of research.
Japanese: サンスクリット原典も古くから日本に伝えられ、江戸時代から出版・研究されてきた。