nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Since the actions of the university side coincided with those of the government side, it was decided that Ashiu Oku-yama Mountain should be selected as the forest-for-field-practice site.
Japanese: ここに大学側、行政側の動きが合致したことから芦生奥山が演習林として決定された。
English: Then on April 4, 1921, an agreement on the creation of surface rights for 99 years was concluded between the university side and the owners of the land (represented by village headman Murai).
Japanese: それから、1921年4月4日に大学側と土地所有者(代表：知井村長)との間で99年間の地上権設定契約が締結された。
English: At that time, such forests for field practice of other imperial universities, Tokyo University and of Hokkaido University, already existed in Japan, and these forests were acquired as national properties.
Japanese: その時、すでにあった東京大学や北海道大学といった他の帝国大学の国内演習林が国有林設定の形で演習林地を取得していた。
English: On the other hand, the terms of the lease granted surface rights to the forest land according to the following conditions: the surface rights owner was obliged to pay the land owner 50,000 yen every year for the first five years of the initial 40-year period and then 10,000 yen every year for the remaining 35 years, after which half of any profits made from the selling of any trees logged there were to be paid to the land owner.
Japanese: しかしながら、地上権を設定した借地契約であり、収益については当初40年間は地上権者が地権者に最初の5年は年5万円ずつ、残り35年間は毎年1万円ずつ支払い、その後は伐採した材木の販売益を地権者と折半する分収方式であった。
English: This method was selected reluctantly, because Kyoto University wanted to catch up to the other universities but there was no financial support available to purchase the vast forest.
Japanese: これは先発の大学に早く追いつきたいが、広大な林地を買収するだけの財政的な裏付けがないことから、やむを得ず選択された手法であった。
English: However, an incident happened in March 1922, soon after the conclusion of the contract, that the promised 50,000 yen was not paid to the land-owning side and only 10,000 yen was paid in August of the same year as all of the profits that had been gained from cutting wood over the space of a year.
Japanese: ところが、契約後間もない1922年3月に当初地権者と契約していた分配金5万円が支払われず、同年8月になって年間の伐採益の全額として村に支払われた金額が1万円だけだった。
English: Therefore, it developed into a big issue as a default of the agreement, and a lawsuit was formed as well.
Japanese: このことから、契約の不履行として、告訴も含めた大きな騒ぎとなってしまった。
English: Mediation attempts were made through discussions among the university, Kyoto Prefecture and the local people concerned, and they were reconciled in April 1923 according to the following conditions that modified some portions of the original contract details: The land-owning-person-side right of acquiring profit from cutting woods there should be transferred to the university side, and the person with the right to use the land should pay the land-owning person 220,000 yen that amounted to the accumulation of interests for land rent over 39 years, to compensate for the transfer of the right.
Japanese: 結局、大学、京都府、地元を交えた議論の中で調停が行われ、1923年4月に契約の一部を修正して、地権者側の伐採収益取得の権利を地上権者側に譲渡し、地上権者側は代償として、39年間の借地料金利の積算額である22万円を同年中に地権者側に支払うことで和解した。
English: There was no precedent in Kyoto Prefecture for the renewal of a contract based on standard price for the right of using the forest land.
Japanese: このような山林地上権での基準対価による契約更改は京都府下においては前例のないものであった。
English: Therefore, it cannot be denied that this renewal, concluding the contract that included the clause of "paying a fixed amount of money for the right of using the land," later proved to be a disadvantage for the village side.
Japanese: したがって、地上権を固定額で契約したことも含めて後々村側に不利になった側面があったことは否めない。
English: However, using this 220,000 yen as a fund, the Chii village side could achieve the unification of the forests owned by the communities.
Japanese: ただ、知井村の側においてもこの22万円を基金として部落有林の一元化を実現した
English: In addition, it can also be said that, concerning the village finance in the prewar years, the stable income from the field practice forest contributed significantly to rescue the village finances, which had suffered during the Showa Depression.
Japanese: だけでなく、戦前には村の財政において演習林からの安定した財産収入が、昭和恐慌期において村財政を窮乏から救った効果は大きいといえる。
English: The village side also requested the following items when concluding the contract: the routes to carry wood should be provided so as to run through the village in the east-west direction, not so as to run through Hirogawara or Hanase via adjacent Kutsuki-mura Village or passing Sasari Pass, and the village side's rights to cut wood and disposing them in the forests of natural regeneration should not be lost.
Japanese: また、契約時に木材搬出ルートの設定を、隣接する朽木村経由や佐々里峠を越えて広河原や花脊を経由するものではなく、村内を東西に横断する形で設定するよう求めたり、天然更新林での伐採や処分の権利が喪失しないように求めている。
English: In addition, it can also be said that the establishment of this forest for field practice contributed quite effectively to the creation of job opportunities for residents in Ashiu and other local communities.
Japanese: この他、演習林の開設によって地元芦生の住民をはじめ地域住民の雇用の場を創出した効果も大きいといえる。
English: After the construction of the administration building for the field practice forest was completed in 1923, the following facilities were built one after another: facilities such as work sites in the forest and fields for seedlings were established, a road for vehicles from Deai (a point branching from the present Kyoto Prefectural Road No.38 Kyoto Hirogawara Miyama Route) to the administration building in the field practice forest was laid out in 1925, the engineering work for laying out rails for a forest tramline from the administration building to Nanase, along the uppermost flow of the Yura-gawa River, was started in 1927, and rails were laid out between the administration building and Akazaki in 1934.
Japanese: 1923年に演習林事務所が建築されたのを皮切りに、林内での作業所や苗畑といった施設の設置が行われたほか、1925年には出合（現在の京都府道38号京都広河原美山線との分岐点）から演習林事務所に至る車道が開設され、1927年には由良川源流に沿って事務所から七瀬に至る森林軌道の軌道敷開削工事が開始、1934年には事務所～赤崎間にレールが敷かれた。
English: Concerning its business aspect, afforestation business started in 1924, the cultivation of shiitake mushroom started in 1925 and charcoal making started in 1933.
Japanese: また、施業の面では1924年に造林事業が、1925年にはしいたけの栽培が開始され、1933年からは木炭の製造も開始されている。
English: Concerning the afforestation business, logging initially deteriorated the forest physiognomy and logging was stopped temporarily.
Japanese: 造林事業については、当初杉の伐採を行ったところ林相の悪化を招いたために一時伐採を中止した。
English: Then miscellaneous small trees were cut to cultivate shiitake mushroom and make charcoal, and Japanese cedar trees were planted at the site where chestnut tress were cut to make railroad ties.
Japanese: その後はしいたけ栽培や木炭の製造のための雑木伐採、枕木用の栗材の伐採跡に杉の造林を行った。
English: A business policy of placing emphasis on academic research was employed for the field practice forest during this era.
Japanese: この時期の演習林では、学術的な研究を重視した経営方針が立てられていた。
English: Of the forests for field practice of Kyoto Imperial University, camphor was produced in the field practice forest in Taiwan, and in the field practice forest in Sakhalin, profits were earned from logging.
Japanese: 当時の京都帝大の演習林では台湾演習林において樟脳の生産が行われ、樺太演習林においては材木の伐採によって収益を上げていた。
English: However it was largely expected that the forest would be made into a site for conducting academic research, and there was a strong movement to attain academic achievements in the field practice forest in Ashiu.
Japanese: しかし、芦生演習林においては学術研究の実地拠点にしようとする期待が大きく、学術的な成果を挙げようとする動きが強く働いた。
English: Therefore, the policy of placing an emphasis on attaining academic achievements rather than pursuing profits from business was employed as "Ideal business rather than business for pursuing profits."
Japanese: したがって、「営利的施業より理想的な施業」として、営利目的より学術的な成果を重視する立場を取っていた。
English: Because of these situations, the logging of chestnut trees as the material for railroad ties and miscellaneous trees for charcoal making were the main activities, as well as the selective cutting for construction materials and pulpwood for the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, although the logging lumber was still under way at the same time.
Japanese: こうしたことから、並行して材木の伐採も続けられていたが、しいたけ栽培の原木と用材の択伐のほか、枕木用の栗材や木炭生産用の雑木の伐採が主であった。
English: However, in the era from the Showa Depression to the Sino-Japanese War and to the Pacific War, securing income sources for operating the university was requested because budget for the university was reduced due to an increase in military spending, and cooperation by the university was also requested to pursue national policies.
Japanese: しかし、昭和恐慌から日中戦争を経て太平洋戦争へと続く時代の流れの中で、軍事費増大による大学予算の削減から大学の収入源確保を求められたことや、国策遂行のために協力を求められた。
English: Lots of miscellaneous small tress and chestnut trees along the forest tramlines, which started its operation in 1934, were cut to make charcoal and make railroad ties.
Japanese: 1934年に開通した森林軌道の沿線を中心に、木炭用の雑木や枕木用の栗材が大量に伐採された
English: In particular, the amount of charcoal made there had increased year by year, largely exceeding 14,000 hyo (straw bags) that Kyoto Imperial University needed yearly in the era between mid-1930s and mid-1940s.
Japanese: 中でも木炭の生産は年を追うことに増加し、昭和十年代における京都帝大の年間木炭需要1万4千俵を大きく上回る俵数を生産した。
English: The surplus charcoal was sold in the market, producing precious income, and descriptions of the charcoal appeared even in news papers as "University charcoal."
Japanese: 余剰分は市中に販売されて貴重な収入源となったほか、「大学炭」として新聞にも紹介されるほどであった。
English: After the Pacific War started, in order to secure the forest resource to pursue all-out war, the forest tramline was extended to the Onokodani area in 1943 to deal with the expansion of the forest area where trees were cut.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争に突入後は、総力戦遂行のための林業資源確保のために、1943年には小野子谷方面へ森林軌道の延伸が行われ、伐採面積の拡大に対応していった。
English: Such an expansion of the forest area where tress were cut devastated the forest in an increasingly serious manner at the same time.
Japanese: こうした伐採面積の拡大は同時に演習林の荒廃を進行させることとなった。
English: However, nothing to stop it could be done under the war-time system until the war ended.
Japanese: しかい、戦時体制の前では如何ともしがたく、このまま終戦を迎えることとなった。
English: Concerning the main body of the university itself, the name of the university was changed, in 1947 after the war, from Kyoto Imperial University to Kyoto University, and it was reformed into a university under the new system (of education) in 1949 through the reform of the educational system.
Japanese: 大学本体は終戦後の1947年に京都帝国大学から京都大学に改称され、1949年には学制改革を実施して新制大学に改組された。
English: In addition, the forest was further damaged by three typhoons, as one misfortune followed another.
Japanese: それに追い討ちをかけるように3度の台風被害に見舞われることとなった。
English: In Typhoon Hester that hit the area in July 1949, record amounts of total rain fell in the area, 519 mm at the site of the administration office in the field practice forest and more than 600 mm at Mikuni-dake Mountain in the east, damaging or destroying more than half of the buildings there, except the administration office.
Japanese: 1949年7月のへスター台風では演習林事務所で総雨量が519mm、東部の三国岳では推定600mmを超える記録的な大雨に見舞われ、演習林事務所を除く建物の大半が破損したり流失した。
English: In addition, all sections of the forest tramline to Onoko Higashidani, which started its operation during the war, were washed out or buried.
Japanese: 更に、戦時中に開通した小野子東谷への森林軌道は全線流出・埋没するという大きな被害を受けた。
English: In September 1950, the next year, Typhoon Jane hit the area, bringing stormy wind comparable to that of Typhoon Muroto, with many trees fallen due to the wind.
Japanese: 翌1950年9月にはジェーン台風が来襲、室戸台風並みの暴風をもたらしたことから、風倒木被害が多発した。
English: In September 1953, shortly after that, Typhoon 13 in 1953 hit the area.
Japanese: それから間もない1953年9月には昭和28年台風第13号が来襲した。
English: Although the total amount of rainfall was 361mm, not as much as Typhoon Hester, it caused damage such as landslide disasters because the mountain forest had already been devastated by the both Typhoons Hester and Jane.
Japanese: この台風では演習林事務所で総雨量361mmとへスター台風の時には及ばなかったものの、へスター、ジェーンの両台風で弱っていた山林に止めをさす結果となり、土砂災害などの被害を受けることとなった。
English: These disasters proved to be a big ordeal for the field practice forest, but the construction of facilities and forest roads was promoted together with the work to restore the state of the forest.
Japanese: 演習林にとっては大きな試練となった災害であるが、その復旧工事とともに、施設や林道の建設も推進されていった。
English: In 1950, along with the forest tramline extension to Nodatani, a hydraulic power station was built to start to supply power.
Japanese: 1950年には森林軌道が野田谷まで延伸されたほか、水力発電所を建設して電力の供給を開始した。
English: However, all residents in Haino where electric power was not supplied at this time left the village and the village of mountain guardians that had remained also disappeared.
Japanese: しかｓ、このとき電気の来なかった灰野は住民が全員離村、最後まで残った山番の村も姿を消してしまった。
English: Forest roads were laid out centered on the Uchisugidani forest road that ran from Uchisugidani to Chojidani via Shimotani.
Japanese: 林道の整備は内杉谷から下谷を経て長治谷に抜ける内杉林道を中心に進められた。
English: Initially, the portion up to Ochiai-bashi Bridge was laid out and then the road was extended up to Yusen-bashi Bridge.
Japanese: 1952年に落合橋まで開設されたのを皮切りに、1954年に幽仙橋まで延伸された。
English: .
Japanese: その後もケヤキ坂を越えて工事は進められて1970年に長治谷作業所に到達した。
English: In addition, the Hitsukura forest road, which branched off the Uchisugi forest road at Ochiai-bashi Bridge and reached a point close to Hitsukura-dani Valley, opened in 1955, and in 1972, the Minekoshi forest road, which ran from the Chojidani work site to Oisugi, Kutsuki Village, via Jizo-toge Pass opened.
Japanese: この他にも落合橋で内杉林道から分岐して櫃倉谷を詰める櫃倉林道が1955年に開設され、1972年には長治谷作業所から地蔵峠を越えて朽木村生杉に抜ける峰越林道が開設された。
English: Furthermore, towards 1980s, a forest road opened that, with Keyaki-toge Pass in the middle of the Uchisugi forest road at its center, ran to the immediate foot of Sugio-toge Pass in the north and to the south side of Bunanoki-toge Pass in the south.
Japanese: さらに、1980年代にかけて内杉林道中央部のケヤキ峠を中心に、北は杉尾峠直下に通じ、南はブナノ木峠の南に達する林道が開設された。
English: In and after 1952 when the real development of the forest roads started, the forest area where trees were cut increased rapidly.
Japanese: 本格的な林道の整備が始まった1952年以降から伐採面積が急激に拡大した。
English: The large-scale logging business reached their peak in the latter half of 1950s and around the middle of 1960s.
Japanese: 大規模伐採は1950年代後半と1960年代中盤に2度のピークを迎えている
English: The peak in the latter half of 1950s, corresponding to the boom period of demand for wood materials, was generated mostly because the market prices of wood remained high during the period.
Japanese: が、1950年代のピークは木材好況期にあたり、材木相場が高値で推移していたことが大きかった。
English: The peak around the middle of 1960s was generated mostly because, based on the initial land-leasing contract, it became necessary in 1962 to make a yearly payment (from profits from the logging business) and therefore, it became necessary to log a huge amount of trees to make the payment.
Japanese: 1960年代中期のピークは、1962年に当初の借地契約による分収金の効力が発生し、その支払いに充当するために大規模伐採を進めていたことが大きい。
English: On the other hand, both natural regeneration and artificial afforestation had been conducted since the start of the field practice forest.
Japanese: その一方で、天然更新、人工造林の双方とも演習林の開設当初から進められてはいた。
English: Even after that, the area where trees were planted did increase little, and the value of the trees that were planted did not improve satisfactorily.
Japanese: その後も造林面積の拡大は遅々として進まず、植林された材木の価値の向上もはかばかしくなかった。
English: Therefore, a vicious cycle of expanding the tree-cutting area to increase the profit set in, making the state of the field practice forest further deteriorate.
Japanese: したがって、伐採面積をさらに拡大して利益の確保を図るという悪循環に陥ってしまい、演習林の更なる荒廃を招く結果となった。
English: Also, in and after 1961, big achievements were attained in the aspect of research through the expansion of the direct business operation in the field practice forest, in such fields as afforestation, including the logging and transportation of trees, nursery fields, making wood and laying out forest roads.
Japanese: また、1961年以降は伐採や搬出なども含めた造林をはじめ、苗圃、製材、林道工事などの分野で演習林での直接経営を拡大して研究面では大きな成果を挙げることができた。
English: However, because the compensation was not enough with the general expense on the university side, the forest operation side was therefore forced to conduct unsustainable management.
Japanese: しかしながら、大学側の一般経常費による補填が少なかったことから無理な経営を行わざるを得なくなった。
English: Wood prices then became stagnant, squeezing the business operation of the field practice forest.
Japanese: そこに前述の木材価格の低迷が重なったことから、演習林の経営を圧迫してしまった。
English: Therefore, even in the direct management system, the business operation could rid itself of the vicious cycle of logging all trees in the area and then replanting them.
Japanese: したがって、直営方式においても全面伐採から造林を繰り返すという悪循環から逃れられなくなってしまった。
English: In 1966, being affected by the energy revolution and the campus strife at that time, the long-lasting charcoal-making business was discontinued.
Japanese: この間の1966年には折からのエネルギー革命と大学紛争の影響もあって、長らく続けられてきた製炭事業が廃止されている。
English: As the state of the field practice forest deteriorated even further by large scale logging, not only people on the university side but also the land-owning side began to voice their anxiety and apprehension about the situation.
Japanese: こうした大規模伐採による演習林の荒廃が進むにつれて、大学関係者だけでなく地権者の側においても危惧と不安の声が上がるようになった。
English: Furthermore, as wood prices remained stagnant for a long period of time, it became difficult to make the yearly payment from the profit to the local communities, even though the logging business continued to be carried out on a large scale.
Japanese: また、木材価格の低迷が長期化するにつれて、大規模伐採をこのまま続けても分収金の形で地域還元することが困難になってきていた。
English: Under this situation, a method of making a payment for land use to the land-owning side was considered, which differed from the previous method in that it involved paying rent on a land lease as opposed to making payment from profits.
Japanese: こうしたことから地権者への使用料支払い方法も、従来の分収金方式から借地料支払いに転換することが検討された。
English: In this case, the general revenue resources of the university was desired to pay the rent.
Japanese: その場合の財源としては、大学一般財源で予算化することが望まれるようになった。
English: From 1974, this problem was also discussed repeatedly in the Japanese diet as well, and the method of paying rent on a land lease was decided to be introduced from 1981.
Japanese: 1974年以降から国会(日本)の場においても議論が重ねられ、1981年からは借地料方式が導入されることとなった。
English: While these activities were underway, the scale of direct business operation of the field practice forest was reduced in and after 1970, and the area where trees were cut decreased significantly after1975.
Japanese: このような動きに前後して、1970年以降は直営方式による演習林経営の規模が縮小されたほか、1975年以降は伐採面積が大幅に減少していった。
English: Therefore, from the latter half of the 1970s to the early 1980s, the field practice forest came to be used mainly for research purposes again.
Japanese: したがって、1970年代後半から1980年代初めにかけて、演習林の利用形態も再び研究を主体としたものに変わっていった。
English: Changes in the industrial structure in the high economic growth period and the stagnant wood prices due to imported wood caused the forest industry to decline and the population in forest areas to decrease.
Japanese: 高度経済成長期の産業構造の変化と、外材輸入に伴う木材価格の低迷は林業の衰退と過疎化を招いた。
English: In addition, persons in the area, centered on young persons or those in their prime of life, continued to flow out of the area, decreasing the population, since the area was located close to the Keihanshin metropolitan region,
Japanese: さらに、京阪神大都市圏に近接していたことから青壮年層を中心に人口の流出が続き、過疎化が進展していった。
English: On the other hand, in the Keihanshin metropolitan region, demand for electric power increased rapidly corresponding to economic growth and an increase in the population, and Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. developed electric power resources in the Kiso-gawa River valley and in the Kurobe-gawa River valley, such as Kurobegawa No.4 Hydro Power Plant and the Kurobe Dam.
Japanese: 一方、京阪神都市圏では経済成長と人口増に伴って電力需要が増加、関西電力では木曽川流域や黒部川第四発電所及び黒部ダムといった黒部川流域での電源開発をおこなった。
English: In addition, the company turned its attention to nuclear power generation as well, and was proactively building nuclear power plants around the Wakasa bay.
Japanese: また、原子力発電にも着目して、若狭湾周辺で原子力発電所の建設を積極的に行っていた。
English: Therefore, a plan to cope with the supposed increase in power demand was formulated that combined the system of pump-up power generation that enabled surplus electric power at night to be used effectively.
Japanese: ことから、夜間の余剰電力の有効活用を図ることができる揚水発電を組み合わせて電力需要の増加に対応することが計画された。
English: Then around 1965, the Shimobe Dam as a pumped storage power plant was planned to be constructed in Natasho Village, and also the Kamibe Dam in Shimotani.
Japanese: 1965年ごろには、名田庄村にこの揚水発電所の下部ダムの建設が、併せて上部ダムの建設が演習林内の下谷に計画された。
English: In accordance with these activities, the property-owing nine-community, which constituted the land owners, requested that the whole field practice forest or an area around Shimotani should be returned to the community.
Japanese: こうした動きを受けて地権者である九ヶ字財産区から演習林の全部ないしは下谷周辺の一部返還要求が出された。
English: On the other hand, a campaign was also actively promoted protesting the construction of the dam, for the reason that it would destroy the natural environment on a large scale.
Japanese: その一方でダムの建設は大規模な自然破壊を伴うとして、反対運動も盛んに行われた。
English: As these dam construction plans were the biggest issue concerning the research forest that had been faced since the war, the discussions involving the university staff concerned, the land owners, the administration, Kansai Electric Power, and the local residents that were conducted to give the participants a chance to express their support for or opposition to the plans continued for a number of years.
Japanese: このダムの建設計画は、戦後の演習林の最大の問題として、大学関係者や地権者、行政、関西電力、住民を巻き込んで長年にわたり賛否両論の立場から議論が行われた。
English: Finally, Kansai Electric Power abandoned plans for pump-up power generation, because they could not obtain the understanding of the local people and others.
Japanese: 最終的にこの揚水発電計画は地元などの理解が得られないことから関西電力はこれを断念した。
English: As described above, the way of using the field practice forest returned to research-centered one, and the forest roads had been completed to a certain level by the 1980s.
Japanese: 前述のように、演習林の利用形態は再び研究中心に回帰し、林道の建設も1980年代までに一定の完成を見た。
English: Almost no trees were cut since 1990s, and the artificial forests of Japanese cedar tress planted in the era when trees were cut on a large scale in 1950s and later have been repopulated.
Japanese: 1990年代以降は伐採はほとんど行われず、1950年代以降の大規模伐採時期に植林された杉の人工林の保育が行われている。
English: Furthermore, discussion about plans to construct plants for pumped storage power plant faded away, because the growth of electric power demand in the Keihanshin metropolitan region stagnated and awareness towards natural environments changed.
Japanese: また、揚水発電所の建設計画も京阪神の電力需要の伸びが鈍化したことや人々の自然環境に対する意識が変化していったことなどから、いつしか大きく採り上げられることもなくなった。
English: Public opinions concerning natural environments have changed from development-centered ones towards those for the maintenance of or nurturing of environments.
Japanese: 世論の自然環境に対する意識が従来の開発主体から環境の保全や育成の方向に変化した。
English: Corresponding to these changes, walking in the woods has attracted attention as a way to stay healthy, and mountain climbing has experienced a boom, centered on middle aged persons.
Japanese: それにつれて、健康維持に森林浴が注目されるようになったほか、中高年を中心に登山が静かなブームになってきた。
English: In addition, the tramline has been introduced to railway fans as one of the few remaining forest railways in Japan.
Japanese: また、森林軌道も日本に残る数少ない森林鉄道として、鉄道ファンに紹介されるようになった。
English: Even until then, the field practice forest had often been introduced on TV or in news papers, because the place had an image of being "an unexplored region."
Japanese: それまでも京都市内中心部からほど近いところにある「秘境」的なイメージから、演習林がテレビや新聞で紹介されることはたびたびあった。
English: However, few people visited there, due to insufficient road maintenance.
Japanese: しかいながら、道路の整備が不十分であったことから、訪れる人も多くはなかった。
English: However, the routes to access the place, such as National Route 162 and the Kyoto Hirogawara Miyama route, were developed in and after 1960s, and in 1979, the section up to Sasari-toge Pass, which had been the last unopened section of the Kyoto Hirogawara Miyama route, was opened.
Japanese: それが1960年代以降国道162号や京都広河原美山線といったアクセスルートの整備が進み、1979年には京都広河原美山線のうち最後まで未開通であった佐々里峠の区間が開通、
English: After that, widths of narrow roads were widened, and bypasses developed, that improved vehicle-running conditions.
Japanese: その後は道路狭隘部の拡幅やバイパスの開通が進められることによって走行環境が改善されていった。
English: In this way, the forest for field practice started attracting people's attention and access to the place was improved.
Japanese: こうして、演習林が人々に注目されるようになり、アクセスも改善された。
English: Therefore, entering the 1990s, the number of general public entering forest in Kinki region, and to this field practice forest where had a large scale natural forest and clear stream remained near big cities increased gradually,
Japanese: したがって、1990年代に入ると近畿地方、それも大都市近郊に残された大規模な自然林と清流を擁する演習林を訪れる一般入林者が漸増するようになった。
English: Since around this time, local agents and travel agents plan tours jointly, group visits have also been operated.
Japanese: この頃から地元と旅行会社が共同でツアーを企画し、団体での見学も行なわれている。