nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In another theory, he was attacked at the Ikedaya and ran back to the Lord of Choshu's Kyoto mansion to raise the alarm but, unable to open the gate, he killed himself with his sword.
Japanese: また別の説として、池田屋で襲撃を受け、事態を長州藩邸に知らせに走ったが門は開けられる事無く、門前で自刃したという話もある。
English: In later years, Yajiro SHINAGAWA (Viscount), a graduate of Shokason-juku and a Genkun (veteran statesman) of the Meiji period is claimed to have said 'If Toshimaro had lived, he would have been prime minister' in later years.
Japanese: 後年、松下村塾の同門生で後の明治の元勲にもなった品川弥次郎(子爵)が「稔麿が生きていたら総理大臣になっただろう」と語ったとされる。
English: There are five memorials to him at Kyoto Reizan Gokoku-jinja Shrine (Ryozen-cho, Seikanji, Higashiyama-Ku, Kyoto City); Gokokuzan (Chinto Shiihara, Hagi City); Shunko-ji Temple (Kitafuruhagi-machi, Hagi City); Sakurayama-jinja Shrine (Kamishinchi-cho, Shimonoseki City); and Asahiyama Shokonjo (Aiofutajima, Yamaguchi City, present-day Asahiyama Gokoku-jinja Shrine).
Japanese: 墓は京都霊山護国神社（京都市東山区清閑寺霊山町）・護国山（萩市椿東椎原）・俊光寺（萩市北古萩町）・桜山神社（下関市上新地町）・朝日山招魂場（山口市秋穂二島・現朝日山護国神社）の５ヵ所。
English: Denzaburo FUJITA (August 2, 1841 - March 30, 1912) was a business heavyweight in the Kansai area during the Meiji Period and founder of the Fujita Zaibatsu (conglomerate).
Japanese: 藤田伝三郎（ふじたでんざぶろう、天保12年6月16日(旧暦)（1841年8月3日）-明治45年（1912年）3月30日）は、明治期の関西財界の重鎮で、藤田財閥の創立者である。
English: He was involved in various industries including construction and engineering, mining, electric railroads, power development, finance, spinning, and newspapers, and established the foundations of many of today's prestigious companies.
Japanese: 建設・土木、鉱山、電鉄、電力開発、金融、紡績、新聞、などの経営を手がけ、今日の多くの名門企業の前身を築いた。
English: He fostered many talented managers and is also known as an art collector and philanthropist.
Japanese: また有能な経営者を多数育て、美術品の収集家、慈善事業家としても名高い。
English: Apart from being brewers, the family were also Kakeya, providing loans for the domain's low ranking samurai.
Japanese: 家業は醸造業のほか、藩の下級武士に融資をおこなう掛屋を兼営していた。
English: During the turmoil of the Meiji Restoration, he became a follower of Shinsaku TAKASUGI and joined the Kiheitai, forming friendships with Takayoshi KIDO, Akiyoshi YAMADA, Kaoru INOUE and Aritomo YAMAGATA, a network that later helped Fujita to succeed as a politically-connected businessman.
Japanese: 維新の動乱期に、高杉晋作に師事して奇兵隊に投じ、木戸孝允、山田顕義、井上馨、山県有朋らと交遊関係を結んだがこの人脈がのちに藤田が政商として活躍する素因となった。
English: In 1869, when the Choshu Domain abolished the Land Transport Bureau and disposed of artillery guns, rifles, artillery shells and bullets, Fujita purchased all of them and made a large profit by delivering them to Osaka.
Japanese: 藤田は明治2年、長州藩が陸運局を廃止して大砲・小銃・砲弾・銃丸などを払い下げたとき、藤田はこれらを一手に引き受け、大阪に搬送して巨利を得た。
English: Denzaburo started shoe manufacturing in the same year, expanded his business to the construction industry, and during the Seinan War in 1877, delivered clothing, food, machinery, boots and even personnel to the army, making profits equivalent to those of Mitsui and Mitsubishi.
Japanese: 同年、大阪に出て革靴の製造からスタートし、建設業に手を広げた伝三郎は、明治10年（1877年）の西南戦争では、陸軍に被服、食糧、機械、軍靴を納入、人夫の斡旋までして、三井・三菱と並ぶ利益をあげた。
English: In December 1878, the national government was in uproar when counterfeit bills were found in the national treasury funds paid to the national government by local governments.
Japanese: 1878年12月に各府県から政府に納められた国庫金の中から贋札が発見され、政府内は騒然となった。
English: On September 15, 1879, after Fujita's company was raided on the suspicion that the company conspired with Kaoru INOUE, who was in Germany, to make counterfeit bills there and use them as capital, Fujita, Goichi NAKANO, Tatsunosuke FUJITA, Shikataro FUJITA, Yoji NIIYAMA, Seiichiro SAEKI, Seisuke KONO, Isuke IRIE were taken into custody and, on October 16, transferred to Tokyo.
Japanese: やがて1879年9月15日、「ドイツ滞在中の井上馨と組んで現地で贋札を製造して秘かに持ち込んで会社の資金にしようと企てた」という疑惑によって藤田の会社に家宅捜索が入り、藤田は中野梧一・藤田辰之助・藤田鹿太郎・新山陽治・佐伯勢一郎・河野清助・入江伊助ら7名と共に拘引され、10月16日東京に移送される。
English: Then, on September 20, 1882, he was completely exonerated when 815 counterfeit two-yen bills (of a run of 2,000), printing papers and a printing machine were seized from Choan KUMASAKA, a doctor and painter who lived in Nakatsu Village, Aiko District, Kanagawa Prefecture.
Japanese: その後、1882年9月20日、神奈川県愛甲郡中津村の医師兼画家工・熊坂長庵から2円紙幣の贋札（2000枚行使）815枚と用紙及び印刷器具が押収され、冤罪が晴れた。
English: One reason was that, thanks to his Choshu connections, he had become a millionaire at a young age.
Japanese: ひとつにはまず長州人脈を頼りに、若くして大金持ちになったことを妬まれたことがあった。
English: Satsuma was losing ground to Choshu because of the loss of leaders following the downfall of Takamori SAIGO and the death of Toshimichi OKUBO.
Japanese: 薩摩側は西郷隆盛の失脚や大久保利通の死、と次々に有力者を失い、長州に押されていた。
English: Therefore, they devised a strategy to uncover fraud by Choshu bigwigs, using the Satsuma-controlled Police Bureau, part of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Japanese: そこで薩摩閥が支配していた内務省警視局を動かして、長州系の大物の不正を暴く戦術が練られた。
English: Prior to this, Aritomo YAMAGATA of the Choshu clique had almost lost his political life when he was implicated in a payoff scandal involving Wasuke YAMASHIROYA, a political merchant.
Japanese: これより前に、長州閥の山縣有朋が政商・山城屋和助の汚職事件に連座したとして、危うく政治生命を失いかけたことがあった。
English: A tip about the counterfeit bills provided the Police Department with a similar chance to bring down Kaoru INOUE and Denzaburo.
Japanese: ニセ札に関する密告情報を得た警視局が井上馨と伝三郎を追い落とす同様の好機であった。
English: In 1873, when Inoue was the Deputy Minister of Finance, he was temporarily driven from the political world because of an accusation that he colluded with Goichi NAKANO, the Governor of Yamaguchi Prefecture at the time, in fraud related to the Osarizawa Copper Mine (Akita Prefecture).
Japanese: 井上は明治6年（1873年）、大蔵大輔のとき、尾去沢銅山（秋田県）に関連して、当時の山口県参事（知事）・中野梧一と結託して不正を働いたとして追及され、一時政界を追われた。
English: Nakano was a business partner of Fujita Denzaburo Shosha and he was also arrested in the counterfeit case.
Japanese: その中野も当時の藤田伝三郎商社の共同経営者で、やはりニセ札事件で検挙されている。
English: This view was established by Kodan-shi (professional storytellers) who, critical of the clan-dominated political system and empathizing with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, started telling Denzaburo's biography right after the case.
Japanese: その見方を世間に定着させることになったのは、この事件の直後から主として藩閥政治に批判的で自由民権運動に共感する講談師たちが語り始めた伝三郎の伝記だった。
English: Although the biography included both fact and fiction, it was accepted as fact since Denzaburo, true to his principles, didn't protest or offer any explanation.
Japanese: この伝記は虚実とりまぜた内容だったが、伝三郎は自身の主義として、一切抗議も弁明もしなかったから、事実としてまかり通ることになってしまった。
English: Immediately after the counterfeiting case, he faced hardship because of the absence of orders from the army and Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: ニセ札事件の直後は、陸軍や大阪府からの発注が途絶え、苦境に立たされた。
English: However, he made a fresh start by reorganizing Fujita Denzaburo Shosha into Fujita Gumi in 1881.
Japanese: しかし明治14年それまでの藤田伝三郎商社を藤田組に組織替えして再出発を図った。
English: In 1883, Fujita Gumi moved into the construction industry by contracting to build a railroad, the 5 bridges in Osaka and Biwa Lake Canal; additionally, Denzaburo established Osaka Boseki (predecessor of Toyobo) and entered the spinning industry.
Japanese: 藤田組は鉄道建設をはじめ、大阪の五大橋の架橋、琵琶湖疎水などの工事を請け負い、建設業で躍進するとともに、伝三郎は同16年には大阪紡績（東洋紡績の前身）を立ち上げ、紡績業にも進出した。
English: Moreover, in 1884, he purchased the Kosaka Mine (Akita Prefecture) from the government and, by focusing on technical innovation, had turned it into Japan's most productive copper and silver mine by the early 1900s.
Japanese: さらに17年、小坂鉱山（秋田県）の払い下げを受けると、技術革新に力をいれ、明治30年代後半には、銀と銅の生産で日本有数の鉱山に成長させた。
English: In addition, he took a leading role in the founding of Hankai Railway (predecessor of Nankai Electric Railway), Sanyo Railway (acquired by Japanese National Railways), Uji River Hydroelectric (predecessor of Kansai Electric Power Company), and Kitahama Bank (latter-day Sanwa Bank).
Japanese: そのほか、阪堺鉄道（南海電気鉄道の前身）、山陽鉄道（日本国有鉄道に吸収）、宇治川水力電気（関西電力の前身）、北浜銀行（後に三和銀行）などの創設に指導的役割を果たした。
English: He also established the 'Osaka Mainichi Shinbun' newspaper (now the Mainichi Shinbun) by reorganizing the ailing 'Osaka Nippo.'
Japanese: 毎日新聞も行き詰った「大阪日報」を伝三郎が大阪財界人に呼びかけ「大阪毎日新聞」として再興したものだ。
English: In the Meiji Period, former Hanshi (samurais who served a domain) tried to restart construction, but they didn't have enough funds and asked Denzaburo for financial assistance.
Japanese: 明治になって旧藩士たちが工事を進めようとしたが、資金難から伝三郎を頼ってきた。
English: Even though he couldn't foresee any profitability, he agreed to their request, seeing the chance to create a part of Japan as a dream come true.
Japanese: 採算の見通しは持てなかったが、大がかりな国土創成計画に夢を感じ引き受けた。
English: They applied for a permit for the reclamation project in 1884, receiving approval in 1889.
Japanese: 干拓事業は明治17年（1884年）に出願、22年（1889年）に認可された。
English: Due to protests by local residents, recession and heavy floods, construction began 10 years later in 1899.
Japanese: 地元の反対運動、不況、大洪水などあり着工したのは認可から10年後の明治32年（1899年）となった。
English: The 1st to the 5th sections were constructed solely by Fujita Gumi and completed in 1950.
Japanese: 第1区から5区までは藤田組の単独施工で、昭和25年（1950年）に完成した。
English: The final section was completed in 1963, with the whole project taking 65 years to complete.
Japanese: 全部が完成したのは昭和38年（1963年）で、着工以来実に65年の歳月がかかったことになる。
English: He was a founder member of Osaka Chamber of Commercial Law (Chamber of Commerce and Industry) and in 1885 he became the second president following Tomoatsu GODAI.
Japanese: 大阪商法会議所（商工会議所）の設立では発起人となり、明治18年、五代友厚のあとの第二代会頭となった。
English: He acted as a mediator in the conflict between Osaka City and Osaka Gas over road tolls and in the confrontation between Nankai Railway and Uemachi Line of Hankai Tramway.
Japanese: 明治35年の大阪市と大阪ガスの道路の使用料をめぐる紛争の調停や、南海鉄道と阪堺電気軌道上町線の対立の調停にもあたり両社を合併させた。
English: He hated to be photographed, thus there are a few photos of him in his fifties.
Japanese: 写真を撮られることが大嫌いで、50歳ごろの写真が数枚残るだけという。
English: Once Denzaburo thought someone the right person for a job, he never doubted them.
Japanese: 伝三郎は、いったん適任者と判断して仕事を任せると、疑うことはなかった。
English: Kiyochika IWASHITA, who had worked for Mitsui & Co., Mitsui Bank and Kitahama Bank, was famous as a rowdy person and even Hikojiro NAKAMIGAWA, a head of Mitsui, had difficulty with him.
Japanese: 三井物産、三井銀行を経て、北浜銀行に呼ばれた岩下清周は、荒馬として有名で、三井の総帥・中上川彦次郎でさえてこずったほどだった。
English: Hikoichi YAMAMOTO, who built Mainichi Shinbun into a national newspaper, was also headhunted from Jiji Shinpo by Fujita Gumi.
Japanese: 毎日新聞を全国紙に育てた本山彦一も時事新報から藤田組に引き抜かれた。
English: After having a major hand in the Kojima Bay reclamation project, he moved to the Mainichi Shinbun, making rapid progress.
Japanese: 児島湾干拓事業で手腕を発揮したのち、毎日新聞に移り、さらに飛躍した。
English: Fusanosuke KUHARA, who was nicknamed 'Monster' in the prewar and postwar political world, was Denzaburo's own nephew.
Japanese: 戦前、戦後の政界で「怪物」の異名をとった、久原房之助は伝三郎の実の甥である。
English: When he was working for Morimura Gumi, he was invited by Denzaburo to go to a new post at the Kosaka Mine, where he introduced new technology and contributed to the reconstruction of Fujita Gumi.
Japanese: 森村組にいたのを、伝三郎に呼ばれ、小坂鉱山に赴任、新技術を導入して、藤田組の経営立て直しに功があった。
English: He struggled in the recession after the World War I, letting Yoshisuke AYUKAWA, his brother-in-law, run the company and entering politics.
Japanese: 第一次大戦後の不況で行き詰まり、経営を義兄の鮎川義介に譲って政界入りした。
English: The Fujita Museum of Art, located at the old Fujita Residence site in Amijima-cho, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka City, has 5,000 objects, including 9 national treasures and 45 important cultural properties collected by Denzaburo and his son, Heitaro FUJITA.
Japanese: 大阪市都島区綱島町の旧藤田邸跡にある藤田美術館には、伝三郎とその子藤田平太郎が集めた国宝九点、重要文化財45点を含む5000点が収納されている。
English: Denzaburo's old residences were renovated as follows: main residence in Osaka to the Taikoen, villa in Tokyo to the Chinzanso, villa in Hakone to the Hakone Kowakien and villa in Kyoto to the Hotel Fujita Kyoto, all of which are operated by Fujita Kanko.
Japanese: 伝三郎の大阪本邸は太閤園、東京別邸は椿山荘、箱根別邸は箱根小涌園、京都別邸はホテルフジタ京都に衣替えし、藤田観光が経営する。
English: Denzaburo devoted himself not only to art collection, but also to charity work and donations to education.
Japanese: 美術品蒐集だけでなく、伝三郎は、慈善事業や学校教育のための寄付に励んだ。
English: Having started from nothing to become a millionaire, he often told that he knew both 'the joy of the rich' and 'the sorrow of the poor.'
Japanese: 自身はかめがね、徒手空拳から大富豪になったので、「富者の楽しみ」と「貧困の味」をよく知っていると語っていた。
English: Also, the Chemistry Museum at Japan Women's University, Keio University's former library and the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Waseda University were all established with sizeable donations from Denzaburo.
Japanese: また日本女子大学の化学館、慶應義塾大学の旧図書館の建設や、早稲田大学の理工学部の創設などには、伝三郎からの多額の寄付があてられた。
English: Heisuke TODO (1844 - December 13, 1867) was a captain of the 8th troop of the Shinsengumi (special police).
Japanese: 藤堂平助（とうどうへいすけ、弘化元年（1844年）-慶応3年11月18日(旧暦)（1867年12月13日））は、新選組8番隊組長。
English: According to Mikisaburo SUZUKI, his comrade in the Goryoeji, Todo was of a typical Edo-ite and a motivated worker and there are several records showing that he was familiar with economics and had also mastered kenjutsu (he excelled in both academics and martial arts).
Japanese: 藤堂の性格については、江戸っ子で有意の人材であり（御陵衛士同志鈴木三樹三郎談）、経済に達し戟剣をよくする（学問においても武術においても秀でていた）、等といった記録が垣間見られる。
English: In addition, since there is a description of him as 'misbehaved, but level-headed,' he may have been witty due to his Edo upbringing.
Japanese: 加えて江戸育ちらしい洒落っ気があったのか「品行はよろしくないが人物がしっかりしている」との記述も。
English: As for his appearance, there is a record of a rumor that he was a short and handsome man.
Japanese: 容貌については、小柄で美男子であったらしい、と、伝聞を書き留めた記録が残っている。
English: In Shinpachi NAGAKURA's "Doshi Renmeiki" (nominal list of the Shinsengumi) and in the "Fubungaki" (report of rumor), which was written when he was in Kyoto, Heisuke TODO is described as an illegitimate child of Takayuki TODO, the lord of Tsu Domain, Ise Province, but the truth is unknown.
Japanese: 永倉新八の同志連名記、及び京都在留当時の風聞書によれば、伊勢国・津藩主藤堂高猷の落胤といわれているが真相は不明。
English: It is also said that he was a son of Yakura TODO, a karo (high-ranking samurai) of Isehisai Domain, which was a branch of Tsu Domain, and that his alias 'Heisuke' derived from the name of a Todo family vassal.
Japanese: また津藩の支藩である伊勢久居藩の家老藤堂八座の子とも云い、通称の「平助」は藤堂家功臣の名乗りを嗣いだものとも伝えられる。
English: One reason for this theory is that Todo's long-handled sword (naginata) was inscribed with the signature of the Todo family's in-house swordsmith, Kazusa no suke Kaneshige (according to "Aizu-hancho Shinsengumi goikko katana kai hikae").
Japanese: これは藤堂の佩刀であった上総介兼重と銘打たれた長刀が藤堂藩お抱え刀工であったためであるらしい（会津藩庁新撰組御一行刀改控より。
English: But it is said to have been ruined in the fierce fighting of the Ikedaya Incident.
Japanese: 但しこの差料は池田屋事件の激闘の為に修復不可能なほどにぼろぼろになったそうである）。
English: However, given that a sword made by Kazusa no suke Kaneshige would have been expensive and not one which a mere ronin (masterless samurai) could have possessed, it is highly possible that he was an illegitimate child of the lord.
Japanese: ただ、上総介兼重は一介の素浪人が持てるような（安価な）刀ではないことを考えると、ご落胤の可能性は高いとも考えられる。
English: It is generally believed that he was a student at Chiba SHUSAKU's dojo, the Genbukan, but later his comrade in the Goryoeji, Washio KANO, said that he was a 'favored disciple of the Ito-dojo' operated by Kashitaro ITO in Fukagawa.
Japanese: 千葉道場玄武館の門弟とされているが、後の御陵衛士同志の加納鷲雄証言では、「（深川にあり、伊東甲子太郎のやっていた）伊東道場の寄り弟子」であったという。
English: However, the details are unknown since there are no detailed historical documents about the Ito-dojo.
Japanese: しかし、伊東道場についての詳細な史料は現存していないようで、こちらも詳細は不明なようである。
English: In any event, he dropped out of the dojo for unknown reasons before being granted a license.
Japanese: ただどちらにしろなんらかの理由で免許を授かるまえに道場に顔を出さなくなっている。
English: As a so-called natural-born soldier from Isami KONDO's dojo, the Shieikan, he was a member of the Shinsengumi from its inception.
Japanese: 近藤勇の道場　試衛館以来の（と、新撰組顛末記に記載されている）いわゆる生え抜き隊士で、新選組結成当時からの同志。
English: He was a skilled swordsman, becoming known,along with Soji OKITA and Shinpachi NAGAKURA, as 'Kondo's Four Kings' and is said to have walked at the front during patrols.
Japanese: 剣の腕もかなりのもので初期は沖田総司、永倉新八とともに近藤四天王とも称され、市中見回りにおいては常に先頭を歩いたという。
English: He seems to have been warned about his behavior by Kondo since he was a student at the Shieikan, and there is a description that Kondo gradually kept the ill-behaved Todo at a distance.
Japanese: 試衛館時代から近藤に品行の事でいつも注意されていたようで、近藤はだんだん品行の悪い藤堂を疎外していったとされている記述もある。
English: There are no historical documents showing any remarkable activity while he was in the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 彼の新選組在籍当時において、特に目立った活動を示す史料は見つかっていない。
English: Todo may have attended to visitors or done clerical work in the office because he seems to have learned etiquette at the Hokushin Itto school dojo, where relationships between superiors and inferiors were strict.
Japanese: 北辰一刀流を学んだというから（同流派の道場ではたいていどこでも上下関係が厳しかったそうである）、おそらく礼儀作法を身に着けていただろう藤堂は、もしかすると局内で接客応対や事務処理などを担当していたのかもしれない。
English: During the Ikedaya Incident, he was slashed in the forehead when he carelessly removed his hachigane (helmet).
Japanese: 池田屋事件では、油断をして鉢金を取ったところを斬りつけられ額を負傷したという。
English: Until then, he had been fighting so bravely that his sword was ruined, the junction of its blade with the guard being irreparably cracked.
Japanese: それまでの奮戦は凄まじかった（最初に斬り込んだ四人の内の一人）ようで、佩刀はぼろぼろになり、鍔元には修復は不可能なほどのひび割れを負った。
English: After the incident, and following Isami KONDO and Toshizo HIJIKATA, he was given reward money by the Shogunate (he is said to have hesitated to receive the money).
Japanese: 事件後、近藤勇、土方歳三に次いで褒賞金を幕府から下賜されている（この金子をなかなか受け取らなかったという説がある）。
English: Kano, who frequented the Ito-dojo at that time, said that Todo came to invite new members in early September.
Japanese: 9月初旬に藤堂が入隊の誘いに来たと、当時伊東道場に出入りしていた加納の証言がある。
English: He seems to have associated with the master of this dojo, Taizo ITO (later Kashitaro ITO), for some time.
Japanese: この道場の主、伊東大蔵（後の甲子太郎）は、どうもかねてから親交があったようである。
English: Socho (general commander) Keisuke YAMANAMI, who had been in the Shinsengumi with Todo since its founding and who was a fellow disciple of Hojushin Itto school, deserted and committed seppuku.
Japanese: 新選組創設時からの同志で北辰一刀流の同門、総長　山南敬助の脱走・切腹事件があった
English: (Some people question whether Yamanami really deserted.)
Japanese: （異説あり。山南は脱走していなかったのではないかという説も存在する）。
English: It is not known how this affected his life but, in March 1867, he left the Shinsengumi together with Kashitaro ITO in order to form the Goryoeji (Kodai-ji-to).
Japanese: これが彼の人生指針にどのような影響を及ぼしたのかはわからないが、慶応3年3月　伊東甲子太郎と共に御陵衛士（高台寺党）を結成すべく新選組を離脱している。
English: There are no explicit documents regarding his actions in 1866, but on the day of leaving the Shinsengumi, he seems to have been in Mino Province on business.
Japanese: 慶応2年時の彼が何をしていたのかについては今のところ明確な資料は残っていないが、新選組離脱当日は、どうも美濃国へ出張していた様子である。
English: It would appear that he met Yataro MIZUNO, a kyokaku in Mino, in order to lay the groundwork for the future since Mizuno was committed to support him by providing militia for the Goryoeji later.
Japanese: 後に御陵衛士に民兵を貸しバックアップ等に尽力することとなる水野弥太郎という侠客が美濃にいたことから、どうも、後の下地を作るために彼と会っていたのではないかと思われる。
English: The Goryoeji seem to have joined up with other followers immediately after returning from Mino.
Japanese: 御陵衛士とその他随行同志たちとは、美濃から戻ったそのままの足で合流したようである。
English: However, judging from the fact that Todo changed his name to 'Yashichiro NANBU (sometimes he identified himself as Yahachiro),' he may have been hiding because he was worried about the bad influence, caused by his reputation in the Shinsengumi, on his comrades' activity.
Japanese: ただ、藤堂は「南部弥七郎（弥八郎という場合もあったようだ）」と改名していることから、おそらくは新選組時代に負った風評が同志の活動に及ぼすであろう悪影響を懸念し息を潜めていたのかもしれない。
English: The Goryoeji went campaigning in various places such as Ise and western areas, but there is no sign that Todo was involved.
Japanese: 御陵衛士同志たちは伊勢や西国など、様々な場所に遊説をしているが、そのどれにも藤堂は加わった形跡が無い。
English: The only existing record is that he visited Yataro MIZUNO, a kyokaku in Mino and commanded 300 militiamen who were mainly bakuto (itinerant gamblers).
Japanese: 唯一、美濃の侠客水野弥太郎の元を訪れて博徒中心の、民兵300名を軍隊風に指揮指導していたらしいとの記録がある。
English: According to Shinpachi NAGAKURA ("Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki"), he heard Kondo saying, 'I'd like to keep Todo alive' (since this is an excerpt from a serialized newspaper article using posthumous discourse by a newspaper reporter in the late Meiji period, long after the Meiji Restoration, it is highly possible that this is a fictitious story) so he cleared the way and let Todo get away but Tsunesaburo MIURA, who was unaware of the situation, cut him down.
Japanese: 永倉新八の証言（新選組顛末記）によれば、彼が油小路に向かう前、近藤の口から「藤堂だけは生かしておきたいものだな」と聞き（維新のずっと後、明治後期の新聞記者による遺談をまとめた新聞での連載記事であることから、後の創作の可能性が高い）、藤堂が逃げられるように道をあけたが、事情を知らぬ隊士三浦常三郎に斬られた
English: (There is a different theory. According to the "Tenmatsuki," Miura felt such remorse for his actions in Aburanokoji that the wound made by Todo got worse, until sick in mind and body, he died but in the "Doshi Renmeiki" by Shinpachi NAGAKURA, he died near Osaka during the Boshin War.
Japanese: （これも異説あり。上記顛末記によれば、三浦は油小路の後悔恨のあまり藤堂に受けた傷が悪化し、心身を病んで死んだとされるが、永倉新八の同志連名記によれば、彼は戊辰戦争中に大阪近郊で死亡とされている）。
English: According to the "Shinsengumi Shimatsuki" by Kan SHIMOZAWA, Todo understood Nagakura's intention, but he couldn't throw away his pride or abandon his comrades, so he fought against the Shinsengumi and was cut down by Tsunesaburo MIURA.
Japanese: 子母澤寛の『新選組始末記』によると、永倉の深意はくみ取ったものの、魁先生と呼ばれたプライドと同士を見捨てられないので、新選組に立ち向かって三浦常三郎に斬られたとある。
English: Also, it is said that he was cut down from behind by Tsunesaburo MIURA when he understood Nagakura's intention and tried to leave.
Japanese: また永倉の深意を汲み取り、退こうとしたところを三浦常三郎に後ろから斬られた。
English: Therefore, there is a theory that Todo fought back until he died from the number of wounds.
Japanese: このため藤堂は応戦（後ろから背中を斬られるのは武士の恥なので藤堂は許せなかったと）して数々の傷を負い、戦死したとされる説もある。
English: According to the postmortem report, he was cut from the forehead to nose and the wound was approximately 21cm in length and 6cm in depth, thus he died instantly.
Japanese: ちなみに事件後の検死結果によると、額から鼻にかけて断ち割られ、傷は長さ約21㎝、深さ6cmに達し、ほぼ即死の状態であったとされる。
English: The tombstone is located in Kaiko-ji Temple and he was buried together with Kashitaro ITO, Kenmotsu MONAI and Takeo HATTORI, who were his comrades and died on the same day.
Japanese: 墓は戒光寺にあり、同志で同日共に討ち死にした伊東甲子太郎、毛内監物、服部武雄と同じ敷地内に埋葬されている。
English: The last tanka he read is thought to be "A brave man made a pledge of loyalty to the Emperor for seven generations and kept his pledge."
Japanese: 益荒男の七世をかけて誓ひてし　ことばたがはじ大君のため-これは藤堂が読んだ最後の短歌とされる。
English: According to 'Heisuke Todo of Aburakoji' by Haruo TANI in the November 1980 issue of 'History and Travel' (Rekisi to Tabi), Todo narrowly escaped death and broke out of the encirclement.
Japanese: 昭和55年「歴史と旅」11月号、谷春男執筆の「油小路の藤堂平助」によれば、藤堂は九死に一生を得て包囲網から脱出したとされている。
English: It's not known exactly how, but he is said to have later lived in Yokohama City and often stopped by Manpuku-ji Temple in Odawara, maybe because a relative's daughter had married into the temple family.
Japanese: その後、経緯は不明だが横浜市に居住しており、どういう繋がりかはわからないが、藤堂の親戚の娘が嫁入りした関係か、小田原の万福寺にちょくちょく遊びに来ていたという。
English: In Yokohama, he made money on the concession relating to water supply works together with Yoshisuke KONDO, a former member of the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 横浜では、旧新選組隊士の近藤芳助と共に、水道工事事業に絡む利権で一儲けしたといわれている。
English: Hajime SAITO (February 18, 1844 - September 28, 1915) was a samurai who was active from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 斎藤一（さいとうはじめ）、天保15年1月1日（1844年2月18日）-大正4年（1915年）9月28日）は、幕末から明治にかけて活躍した武士。
English: In the Meiji period, he was promoted by Keishi-kyoku (a precursor to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department) of the Interior Ministry and became a commissary (as a police officer was then called).
Japanese: 明治には内務省警視局（警視庁の前身）に登用され警視官となる（現在の警察官を当時「警視官」と呼んだ）。
English: He served in the Seinan War as a member of Betsudo-Daisan-ryodan (the third stand-alone brigade), which consisted of commissaries.
Japanese: 西南戦争では警視官によって編成された別働第3旅団に所属して従軍した。
English: He was born as the second son of Yusuke YAMAGUCHI, who had years of experience as a masterless samurai in the domain of Akashi and had become a vassal of Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun), the Suzuki family holding 1,000 koku as its kokudaka (stipend).
Japanese: 明石藩を浪人したあと石高1,000石の旗本鈴木家の家臣となった山口祐助の次男として生まれた。
English: Other materials state that when he was in Edo he would hang out in Isami KONDO's kendo training hall, the Shieikan training hall, but when KONDO had all the members of Shieikan training hall staying in Kyoto bring weapons to him, SAITO was not included among the members.
Japanese: 江戸にいた時近藤勇の道場試衛館に出入りしていたという史料もあるが、のちに近藤が京都に滞在した試衛館の一同に武具を届けさせたとき、そのなかに斎藤は含まれていなかった。