nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The account of the 33rd memorial service for Yasumori, who perished in the Shimotsuki Incident, held in 1317 by his son Tokiaki mentions that it had been a taboo to hold a memorial service for Yasumori till then.
Japanese: 時顕が文保元年（1317年）年に霜月騒動で討たれた父宗顕の33回忌供養を行った際の記録には、その頃まで泰盛の供養がタブーであった事が記されている。
English: "Ippen-hijiri-e" (Illustrated Record of the Holy Man Ippen) says, 'on the day of Yasumori's death the Holy Man (Ippen) who was in Inba Province looked up to the sky and said, "A great man perished in Kamakura."'
Japanese: 『一遍聖絵』には「城の禅門の亡ける日は、聖（一遍）、因幡国におはしけるが、空を見たまいて、鎌倉におほきなる人の損ずるとおぼゆるぞとのたまひけり」と見える。
English: In Aobayama in Sendai-jo Castle (in Sendai City) there is a huge monumental stone tablet in almost two-meter height, which was built in March 1287, two years after the Shimotuski Incident.
Japanese: 仙台城内の青葉山(仙台市)に霜月騒動の翌々年の2月に建てられた高さ2m近い巨大な板碑がある。
English: The prayers are engraved on it, for the happiness of the soul of the Priest and Governor of Mutsu Province whose calm presence vanished in smoke in past December to descend into the land of the dead.
Japanese: 過ぎし年の11月下旬、煙とともにあのおだやかな姿を消し、黄泉の国に赴いた陸奥守入道の菩提を弔う趣旨の願文が彫り込まれている。
English: "Moko Shurai Ekotoba" (Illustrated Account of the Mongol Invasion) depicts how Suenaga TAKEZAKI, retainer of Higo Province, directly appealed to Yasumori who was the Chief of the Rewards Office in his residence in Amanawa.
Japanese: 『蒙古襲来絵詞』には、肥後国の御家人竹崎季長が甘縄邸で恩賞奉行であった泰盛に直訴する様子が描かれている。
English: The colophon of the text is dated 1293 when Yasumori's faction was reinstated after TAIRA no Yoritsuna, who had assassinated Yasumori, was defeated.
Japanese: 絵詞は奥付の日付が泰盛を討った平頼綱が滅ぼされて泰盛派が復活した永仁元年である。
English: In 1273, a year after the retired emperor's death, he built a stone monument in his remembrance in Koyasan Okuno-in Temple.
Japanese: 院の崩御の翌年である1273年（文永10年）に高野山奥院に院を追悼する石碑を建立している。
English: "Tsurezuregusa" (Essays in Idleness) of Kenko YOSHIDA recounts an episode suggesting that Yasumori was an excellent horseman.
Japanese: 吉田兼好の随筆集『徒然草』にも泰盛が馬の名人であった事を語るエピソードがある。
English: Shuhei MITSUKURI (January 15, 1826 to December 3, 1886) was a Dutch scholar (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language).
Japanese: 箕作秋坪（みつくりしゅうへい、文政8年12月8日(旧暦)（1826年1月15日）-明治19年（1886年）12月3日）は、蘭学者。
English: After that, he got married to Genpo's third daughter, Tsune, becoming an adopted son-in-law and four sons were born to them.
Japanese: このあと阮甫の三女・つねと結婚して阮甫の婿養子となり、つねとの間に四男をもうけた。
English: At that time, Shuhei MITSUKURI's Sansha Gakusha and Yukichi FUKUZAWA's Keio Gijuku were referred to as the twin jewels of the Western studies schools and Heihachiro TOGO, Takashi HARA, Kiichiro HIRANUMA, Fumihiko OTSUKI, etc. studied in Sansha Gakusha.
Japanese: 箕作秋坪の三叉学舎は当時、福沢諭吉の慶應義塾と並び称される洋学塾の双璧であり、東郷平八郎、原敬、平沼騏一郎、大槻文彦などもここで学んだ。
English: Like Shuhei, Shin's former husband Shogo MITSUKURI was an adopted son-in-law, but he died young after only son Rinsho was born to the couple.
Japanese: しんの夫・箕作省吾は秋坪同様阮甫の婿養子だったが一人息子の箕作麟祥を残して夭折した。
English: While the eldest son Keigo died young, the second son Dairoku became an adopted heir of the Kikuchi family, Shuhei's family home.
Japanese: なお長男・奎吾は夭折し、次男・菊池大麓は秋坪の実家・菊池家の養嗣子となった。
English: Genpachi MITSUKURI (June 26, 1862 - August 9, 1919) was a historian who was born in Edo (present-day Tokyo).
Japanese: 箕作元八（みつくりげんぱち、文久2年5月29日(旧暦)（1862年6月26日）-大正8年（1919年）8月9日）は、江戸生まれの歴史学者。
English: He then went on to study at the University of Freiburg in Germany, but he found handling microscopes difficult due to his nearsightedness, so he changed his research field to Western world history.
Japanese: 留学先のドイツフライブルク大学で近眼のため顕微鏡を使うのに困難を感じ、西洋史学の研究に転向した。
English: Supervised by Heinrich von Treitschke and Leopold von Ranke at the University of Heidelberg, University of Tubingen, and the like, Mitsukuri received his doctorate from the University of Tubingen in 1891.
Japanese: ハイデルベルク大学・テュービンゲン大学などでハインリヒ・フォン・トライチュケやレオポルト・フォン・ランケの指導を受け1891年（明治24年）テュービンゲン大学で博士号取得。
English: He became a professor at Higher Normal School, and then in 1893, he gained his position as a professor of Daiichi Koto Chugakko (the first High School).
Japanese: 高等師範学校教授となり、1893年（明治26年）には第一高等中学校教授となる。
English: In addition, he went to study in France and other countries in 1900-1901 to develop his research on political history and the French Revolution.
Japanese: 更に1900年（明治33年）から翌年にかけてフランスなどに留学し、政治史やフランス革命の研究にあたる。
English: After Mitsukuri returned to Japan, he began to teach modern French history as a professor of the University of Tokyo in 1902.
Japanese: 帰国後の1902年（明治35年）、東京大学教授となり近代フランス史を講義。
English: Writing books such as "Seiyoshi Kowa" (A Lecture on Western World History), "Furansu Daikakumeishi" (History of the Great French Revolution)" and "Naporeon Jidaishi" (History of Napoleon Era), Mitsukuri made a remarkable contribution to the community of historians to let them recognize the significance of the study of Western world history.
Japanese: 『西洋史講話』や『仏蘭西大革命史』、『ナポレオン時代史』などを著しながら、西洋史研究の重要性を歴史学界に認めさせた功績は大きい。
English: Mitsukuri and his wife Mitsu (a daughter of 進十六) had two sons and three daughters: the first son, Shukichi MITSUKURI, was a chemist with a Doctorate of Science, and also was a composer; the second son, Yosuke, was known as an industrial technician.
Japanese: みつ夫人（進十六の娘）との間に2男3女をもうけ、長男・箕作秋吉は理学博士号を持つ化学者であると同時に作曲家としても活躍し、次男・洋輔は工業技術家として知られた。
English: The first daughter, Ayako, married Kenzo KONO who was a medical scientist and an expert of ophthalmology; the second daughter Nuiko and the third daughter Utako married 矢野矢 and Yoshiyuki HOTTA, respectively.
Japanese: また長女・綾子は医学者で眼科の権威・甲野謙三に、次女・縫子は矢野矢に、三女・歌子は堀田嘉幸に嫁いだ。
English: Genpachi MITSUKURI, Taio 'Ebira no Ume Nikki' (Genpachi MITSUKURI's Diary of His Stay in Europe, named as 'a diary of plum inserted in the quiver of arrow'), edited by Fumiko IDE and Michio SHIBATA, Tokyo University Press, 1984
Japanese: 箕作元八・滞欧「箙梅日記」井手文子,柴田三千雄編東京大学出版会,1984
English: Sugen-in (1573 - November 3, 1626) was a woman who lived from the Tensho period to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 崇源院（すうげんいん、天正元年〔1573年〕-寛永3年9月15日(旧暦)〔1626年11月3日〕）は、天正時代から江戸時代初期の女性。
English: Her imina (personal name) is considered Go, Ogo, or Eyo, however, she could have changed her name at the time of her second marriage, thus which name was true has not been determined.
Japanese: 諱は江／小督（おごう）もしくは江与（えよ）とされるが、再婚時に改名した可能性もあり、どの名が正しいのかは確定できていない。
English: Her eldest sister Yodo-dono (Chacha) was a concubine of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and her second eldest sister Joko-in (Hatsu) was a lawful wife of Takatsugu KYOGOKU.
Japanese: 長姉の淀殿（茶々）は豊臣秀吉側室、次姉・常高院（初）は京極高次正室。
English: The third time, she got married to Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and became a seishitsu (legal wife) (keishitsu [second wife]) of Hidetada.
Japanese: 三度目は江戸幕府二代将軍徳川秀忠に再々嫁し、秀忠の正室（継室）となる。
English: In 1573, Sugen-in was born in Odani, Omi Province (Kohoku-cho, Shiga Prefecture) as the third daughter of Nagamasa AZAI.
Japanese: 天正元年（1573年）、浅井長政の三女として近江国小谷（滋賀県湖北町）に生まれる。
English: On September 26, 1573, her father Nagamasa had a conflict with Nobunaga ODA, his wife Ichi's elder brother, and Odani-jo Castle was captured by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 9月1日（1573年9月26日）、父・長政が妻・市の兄・織田信長と対立し、小谷城が攻め落とされた。
English: When her father Nagamasa and her grandfather Hisamasa AZAI killed themselves, Sugen-in escaped from the castle together with her mother Ichi, elder sisters Yodo-dono and Joko-in, and they were protected by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 父・長政、祖父・浅井久政が自刃すると母・市、姉・淀殿、常高院とともに城を逃れ信長に保護される。
English: In 1582, her uncle Nobunaga was killed by his vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI in the Honnoji Incident on June 2, and in the Kiyosu conference for deciding Nobunaga's successor on June 27, her mother Ichi got remarried to Katsuie SHIBATA, the vassal of Nobunaga, and moved to the castle in Kitanosho of Echizen Province.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）、6月2日本能寺の変で伯父・信長が家臣・明智光秀に殺され、6月27日後継者を決める清洲会議により母・市は信長の家臣・柴田勝家と再婚し越前国北ノ庄城へ移る。
English: In 1583, the Kitanosho-jo Castle fell to the enemy in the Battle of Shizugatake, and Sugen-in was protected under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI after the suicide of Katsuie and Ichi.
Japanese: 天正11年（1583年）、賤ヶ岳の戦いで北ノ庄城が落城、勝家と市の自害後は豊臣秀吉の元へ保護される。
English: In 1584, Sugen-in got married to Kazunari SAJI, a child of her mother's elder sister (Nobunaga ODA's younger sister Oinu no kata), by the order of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）、秀吉の命により母の姉（織田信長妹お犬の方）の子・佐治一成へ嫁ぐ。
English: However, in Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, Kazunari took the side of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA supporting Nobukatsu ODA (the second son of Nobunaga ODA), who was a nephew of his mother and in discord with Hideyoshi due to the successor to his uncle Nobunaga, so that Kazunari who angered Hideyoshi had his territory confiscated and was cut off from Sugen-in.
Japanese: だが一成が小牧・長久手の戦いで伯父・信長の跡継ぎのことで秀吉と不和になった母の甥・織田信雄（織田信長次男）を擁立した徳川家康に味方したため秀吉の怒りに触れた一成は秀吉から所領を没収されるとともに離縁させられた。
English: In 1592, Sugen-in got married to Hideyoshi's nephew Hidekatsu TOYOTOMI (Kokichi Hidekatsu, younger brother of Chancellor Hidetsugu) by the order of Hideyoshi again, and in the same year, she bore Sadako TOYOTOMI (wife of Yukiie KUJO), but Hidekatsu died in the Bunroku-Keicho War.
Japanese: 文禄元年1592年、再び秀吉の命により秀吉の甥・豊臣秀勝（小吉秀勝。関白秀次弟）の元へ嫁ぎ、同年豊臣完子（九条幸家室）を産むが、文禄・慶長の役で秀勝は死去。
English: Sadako, a child by her former husband Hidekatsu, was fostered by her eldest sister Chacha (Yodo-dono) as an adopted child.
Japanese: なお、前夫・秀勝との子である完子は長姉・茶々（淀殿）の猶子として引き取られる。
English: On May 26, 1597, Sugen-in bore Senhime (wife of Hideyori TOYOTOMI, later, wife of Tadatoki HONDA) in the residence of Tokugawa in Fushimi-jo Castle in Kyoto.
Japanese: 慶長2年（1597年5月26日）、千姫（豊臣秀頼室、のちに本多忠刻室）を京都伏見城内徳川屋敷で出産。
English: Further, the mother of Tadatoki HONDA, Senhime's remarriage partner, was a daughter of Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, who was the first son of Sugen-in's father-in-law Ieyasu and the eldest brother of Hidetada, and Tokuhime, the first daughter of Nobunaga.
Japanese: また、再嫁した本多忠刻の母は義父・家康の長男で秀忠の長兄松平信康と信長の長女・徳姫の娘である。
English: In 1599, Sugen-in bore Tamahime (wife of Toshitsune MAEDA, and mother of Mitsutaka MAEDA) in Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長4年（1599年）、珠姫（前田利常室、前田光高の母）を江戸城で出産。
English: On June 12, 1601, she bore Katsuhime (Tensu-in, wife of Tadanao MATSUDAIRA) in Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長6年（1601年6月12日）、勝姫(天崇院)（松平忠直室）を江戸城で出産。
English: On August 25, 1602, she bore Hatsuhime (wife of Tadataka KYOGOKU) in Fushimi-jo Castle (Edo-jo Castle, according to one estimate.)
Japanese: 慶長7年（1602年8月25日）、初姫（京極忠高室）を伏見城（一説には、江戸城）で出産。
English: On November 23, 1607, she bore Masako TOKUGAWA (wife of Emperor Gomizunoo and mother of Emperor Meisho) in Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長12年10月4日（1607年11月23日）、徳川和子（後水尾天皇中宮、明正天皇母）を江戸城で出産。
English: She was the first and the last Tokugawa Shogun Midaidokoro (wife of a shogun) (seishitsu [legal wife]) who became a real mother of shogun.
Japanese: 徳川将軍御台所（正室）で将軍生母となったのは後にも先にも彼女だけである。
English: Unlike the first half of her life, which was involved in deaths of family, the game of politics, and succession conflict in her parents' home, the second half of life as a shogun's wife and a real mother of shogun was stable.
Japanese: 親族の死、政略や実家の跡継ぎ争いに巻き込まれた前半生とは違い、将軍御台所・将軍生母として安定した後半生を過ごした。
English: When the excavation and research of graveyards of the Tokugawa family in Zojo-ji Temple, which was led by Hisashi SUZUKI, was conducted after the war, Sugen-in's grave was also excavated and her remains were researched.
Japanese: 戦後、鈴木尚が中心となって行なわれた増上寺の徳川家墓所発掘調査の際に、崇源院の墓も発掘され、その遺骨も調査された。
English: According to the research, she was cremated, and it seems that Sugen-in in life was a fairly small and slightly built, beautiful woman.
Japanese: それによると、火葬にされており、生前の崇源院はかなり小柄で華奢な美女であったようである。
English: In fact, in the Shogun family who were buried in Zojo-ji Temple, only Sugen-in was cremated.
Japanese: ちなみに増上寺に葬られた将軍一門で荼毘に付されていたのは崇源院だけであった。
English: Yodo-dono (Chacha), Joko-in (Hatsu) and Sugen-in (Go), so-called 'the three sisters of AZAI' were known as 'sisters who followed the strangest fate in the warlike period.'
Japanese: 淀殿（茶々）・常高院（初）・崇源院（江）のいわゆる「浅井三姉妹」は、「戦国一数奇な運命を辿った姉妹」として知られる。
English: It is said that they were all beautiful women inheriting their mother Ichi's beauty and they were very close with each other from their childhood.
Japanese: いずれも母・市の美貌を受け継いだ美女で、幼い頃からたいへん仲の良い姉妹だったと伝えられる。
English: In fact, however, even though Sugen-in was a historically important person in a high position, there are few creditable historical materials which report her personality including her looks and character.
Japanese: だが実のところ、これほど身分が高く歴史的にも重要な人物でありながら、崇源院の容貌・性格などを含めた人物像を伝える確たる史料は少ない。
English: In novels and dramas, she is often depicted as a woman of beauty and great pride but hysterical and jealous character by analogy with the above-mentioned reputation and the relation between her husband Hidetada.
Japanese: 小説・ドラマなどでは、前述のイメージや、夫・秀忠との関係から類推して、美貌で誇り高いがヒステリックで嫉妬深い性格の人物として描かれる事が多い。
English: However, a novelist Michiko NAGAI made a completely different explanation that Sugen-in was not so beautiful as her mother and sisters and not quick-witted, but she could calmly take any fate in stride and added charms to herself each time she got over it.
Japanese: が、作家永井路子は彼女を母や姉達ほど美人でもなく機転が利く訳でもないが、どんな運命に巻き込まれても平然と受け流し、その度に魅力を増していく女性という、全く別の解釈をしている。
English: After marriage to Go, her husband Hidetada had affairs but did not have any formal concubines.
Japanese: 夫・秀忠は江と結婚して以降、浮気はあったが正式な側室は1人ももたなかった。
English: It is said that since she was older than Hidetada and jealous, Hidetada, who was dutiful by character, could not say no to his wife, however, it could be said she was such an appealing woman.
Japanese: 彼女が秀忠より年上で、嫉妬深い性格であったため、律義な性格であった秀忠は頭が上がらなかったとされるが、それだけ魅力のある女性ではあったようだ。
English: Further, because of confrontation with Kasuga no tsubone, Sugen-in has a strong image of a wicked woman who doted on her third son Tadanaga that 'she brought up by herself (it was impossible, in fact, Tadanaga was also raised by a nanny)', disfavored her second son Iemitu and plotted to disinherit him.
Japanese: また、春日局との対立から、「自ら養育した（これはあり得ない。実際には忠長も乳母が養育した）」三男・忠長を溺愛し二男・家光を疎み廃嫡を企てる悪女のイメージも強い。
English: It is also said that she loved her third son Tadanaga more than her second son Iemitu because Tadanaga looked like his mother Go's uncle Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 二男・家光よりも三男・忠長を可愛がったのは、忠長が母・江の伯父・織田信長によく似ていたためであるともいう。
English: Tadanaga's wife was a granddaughter of Nobukatsu ODA, the second son of Nobunaga ODA, and it is evident that his mother Go valued the genealogy with the ODA family.
Japanese: 忠長の妻は織田信長の次男・織田信雄の孫娘であり、母・江がいかに織田家との血筋を重んじていたのかが伺える。
English: Since Iemitsu was attached to Kasuga no tsubone rather than his real mother, it can be thought that Sugen-in treated Tadanaga preferentially to prevent Kasuga no tsubone from enlarging her power, thus, it is not necessarily appropriate to criticize Go.
Japanese: 家光が実母より春日局になついていた事もあり、春日局の権力拡大を止めるため忠長を重んじていたとも考えられるので、一概には江を批判できない。
English: Further, the above-mentioned novelist NAGAI interpreted that Go rather had a sense of affinity to Iemitsu who had a similar character to hers.
Japanese: また、前述の作家永井は、江はむしろ性格的に似ている家光の方に親近感を抱いていたという解釈もしている。
English: Eichi SHIBUSAWA (March 16, 1840-November 11, 1931) was a Shogun's retainer near the end of the Edo period, a bureaucrat of the Ministry of Finance and an entrepreneur from Meiji to the early Taisho period.
Japanese: 渋沢栄一（しぶさわえいいち、天保11年2月13日(旧暦)（1840年3月16日）-昭和6年（1931年）11月11日）は、幕末の幕臣、明治～大正初期の大蔵省官僚、実業家。
English: He was involved in the establishment and management of a variety of companies including the First National Bank, Oji Paper, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK Line) and the Tokyo Stock Exchange and was called the father of capitalism in Japan.
Japanese: 第一国立銀行や王子製紙・日本郵船・東京証券取引所などといった多種多様の企業の設立・経営に関わり、日本資本主義の父と呼ばれる。
English: On March 16, 1840, he was born as the first son of Ichiroemon and Ei in Chiaraijima Villiage, Musashi Province (present day Fukaya City, Saitama Prefecture).
Japanese: 天保11年（1840年）2月13日、武蔵国血洗島村（現埼玉県深谷市）に父・市郎右衛門、母・エイの長男として生まれた。
English: Shibusawa was a big farm family who manufactured and sold indigo balls (dye), worked also as silkworm breeders and grew rice, barley and vegetables.
Japanese: 渋沢家は藍玉_(染料)の製造販売と養蚕を兼営し米、麦、野菜の生産も手がける大農家だった。
English: Unlike ordinary farmers, a talent of business to keep the beads moving on the abacus was required to purchase materials and to sell them.
Japanese: 原料の買い入れと販売を担うため、一般的な農家と異なり、常に算盤をはじく商業的な才覚が求められた。
English: Ichisaburo also went to Shinsyu or Joshu to sell indigo balls with his father and purchased indigo plants as well.
Japanese: 市三郎も父と共に信州や上州まで藍を売り歩き、藍葉を仕入れる作業も行った。
English: When he was fourteen, he started to go to purchase indigo plants by himself, which created the foundation on which he could easily absorb economic systems in the Europe era and later brought about his thoughts of realistic rationalism.
Japanese: 14歳の時からは単身で藍葉の仕入れに出かけるようになり、この時の経験がヨーロッパ時代の経済システムを吸収しやすい素地を作り出し、後の現実的な合理主義思想につながったとされる。
English: On the other hand, when he was five years old, his father gave him books and when he was seven years old, he visited his cousin Atsutada ODAKA (businessman) to learn Shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, the Nine Chinese Classics) and "Nihon Gaishi (historical book on Japan)."
Japanese: 一方で5歳の頃より父から読書を授けられ、7歳の時には従兄の尾高惇忠(実業家)の許に通い、四書五経や『日本外史』を学ぶ。
English: When he was eighteen years old (1858), he got married Chiyo, the younger sister of Atsutada, changed his name to Eiichiro and moved to Edo to become a disciple of Gyodon KAIHO in 1861.
Japanese: 18歳の時（1858年）には惇忠の妹千代と結婚、名を栄一郎と改めるが、文久元年（1861年）に江戸に出て海保漁村の門下生となる。
English: And he entered Eijiro CHIBA's dojo (Chiba Dojo in Otamagaike) of Hokushin-Itto school and made friends with loyal supporters of the Emperor while practicing swordsmanship.
Japanese: また北辰一刀流の千葉栄次郎の道場（お玉が池の千葉道場）に入門し、剣術修行の傍ら勤皇志士と交友を結ぶ。
English: From this, he became aware of the concept of Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and formed a plan to take over Takasaki-jo Castle and fire Yokohama to topple the Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: その影響から文久3年（1863年）に尊皇攘夷の思想に目覚め、高崎城を乗っ取り、横浜を焼き討ちにして、幕府を倒す計画をたてる。
English: He moved to Kyoto and started to work for Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA due to the recommendation of Enshiro HIRAOKA, a vassal of the Hitotsubashi family.
Japanese: 京都に向かい、一橋家家臣の平岡円四郎の推薦により徳川慶喜に仕えることになる。
English: When Eichi's lord Yoshinobu became Shogun, Eichi became Shogun's retainer and visited France as an attendant of Akitake TOKUGAWA, who was the younger brother of Yoshinobu and attended the World Exposition held in Paris as the representative of the Shogun.
Japanese: 主君の慶喜が将軍となったのに伴い、幕臣となり、パリで行われる万国博覧会に将軍の名代として出席する慶喜の弟徳川昭武の随員として、フランスを訪れる。
English: After the visit to the World Exposition in Paris and European countries, Akitake studied in Paris, but he was ordered to return home by the new government because of Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867 and came back in December.
Japanese: パリ万博とヨーロッパ各国訪問を終えた後、昭武はパリに留学するものの、大政奉還に伴い、慶応3年（1867年）に新政府から帰国を命じられ、12月に帰国した。
English: After returning home, Eichi met Yoshinobu in Shizuoka and was ordered to serve the Shizuoka clan.
Japanese: 帰国後は静岡に謹慎していた慶喜と面会し、静岡藩に出仕することを命じられる。
English: However, he declined to serve as an officer and established Shohokaijo in Shizuoka in January 1868 to realize joint-stock corporation systems he studied in France, but persuaded by Shigenobu OKUMA he entered the Okura-sho in November
Japanese: しかし、フランスで学んだ株式会社制度を実践するため、仕官を断り慶応4年（1868年）1月に静岡にて商法会所を設立するが、大隈重信に説得され、10月に大蔵省に入省する。
English: As a bureaucrat of the Okura-sho, he led staff members responsible for revisions of the Ministry of Popular Affairs (at that time Ministry of Popular Affairs and Ministry of Finance were actually integrated) and planed reform proposals and was involved in establishment of the metrological standard and National Bank regulations.
Japanese: 大蔵官僚として民部省改正掛（当時、民部省と大蔵省は事実上統合されていた）を率いて改革案の企画立案を行ったり、度量衡の制定や国立銀行条例制定に携わる。
English: However, he was in conflict with Toshimichi OKUBO and Shigenobu OKUMA about budget compilation and retired together with Kaoru INOUE in 1873.
Japanese: しかし、予算編成を巡って、大久保利通や大隈重信と対立し、明治6年（1873年）に井上馨と共に退官した。
English: Soon after his retirement, he became the head of the First National Bank (current Mizuho Bank) for which he led the establishment when he was a bureaucrat and then he placed himself in the business world.
Japanese: 退官後間もなく、官僚時代に設立を指導していた第一国立銀行（現：みずほ銀行）の頭取に就任し、以後は実業界に身を置く。
English: In addition to First National Bank, he led the establishment of many local banks such as Shichijushichi Bank.
Japanese: また、第一国立銀行だけでなく、七十七銀行など多くの地方銀行設立を指導した。
English: In addition to First National Bank, he was involved in the establishment of a variety of companies such as Tokyo Gas, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance, Oji Paper, Chichibu Cement (current Taiheiyo Cement), Imperial Hotel, Chichibu-Railway, Keihan Electric Railway, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Kirin Brewery Company and Sapporo Breweries and the number of such companies amounted to more than 500.
Japanese: 第一国立銀行のほか、東京瓦斯、東京海上日動火災保険、王子製紙、秩父セメント（現太平洋セメント）、帝国ホテル、秩父鉄道、京阪電気鉄道、東京証券取引所、キリンビール、サッポロビールなど、多種多様の企業の設立に関わり、その数は500以上とされている。
English: When he was young, he was a stubborn nationalist, but when the relationship between Japan and US deteriorated due to anti-immigrant movement seen in 'California Alien Land Law' (in 1912), he formed a plan of news service agencies to send Japanese news to the mass media in US, which was not successful, but this became the source of the current Jiji Press and Kyodo News.
Japanese: 若い頃は頑迷なナショナリストであったが、「外人土地所有禁止法」（1912年）に見られる日本移民排斥運動などで日米関係が悪化した際には、対日理解促進のためにアメリカの報道機関へ日本のニュースを送る通信社を立案、成功はしなかったが、これが現在の時事通信社と共同通信社の起源となった。
English: SHIBUSAWA did not form 'Shibusawa Zaibatsu' which was largely different from other zaibatsu (company syndicate) founders in the Meiji period such as eighth Hachiroemon MITSUI, Takayoshi, Yataro IWASAKI, Zenjiro YASUDA, Tomoito SUMITOMO, Ichibe KOGA and Kihachiro OKURA.
Japanese: 渋沢が三井八郎右衛門8代高福・岩崎弥太郎・安田善次郎・住友友純・古河市兵衛・大倉喜八郎などといった他の明治の財閥創始者と大きく異なる点は、「渋沢財閥」を作らなかったことにある。
English: He stuck to his belief that 'Do not pursue one's own interest but serve for the public interest' during his whole life and he strictly warned his successor Keizo SHIBUSAWA about it.
Japanese: 「私利を追わず公益を図る」との考えを、生涯に亘って貫き通し、後継者の渋沢敬三にもこれを固く戒めた。
English: While other heads of the Zaibatsu ended up as baron, only SHIBUSAWA was conferred viscount because these services to the public were valued early on.
Japanese: また、他の財閥当主が軒並み男爵どまりなのに対し、渋沢一人は子爵を授かっているのも、そうした公共への奉仕が早くから評価されていたためである。
English: SHIBUSAWA founded 'Shibuawa Dozoku Company' after he retired from the business world and companies centered around it were called 'Shibusawa syndicate,' and there are opinions that he was no different from other business man.
Japanese: なお、渋沢は財界引退後に「渋沢同族株式会社」を創設し、これを中心とする企業群が後に「渋沢財閥」と呼ばれたこともあって、他の実業家と何ら変わらないのではないかとの評価もある。
English: However, he founded these holding companies conveniently to prevent fighting over his property after his death and the stock held by Shibusawa Dozoku Company was less than twenty percent of the company stock, just a small percent in most cases.
Japanese: しかし、これはあくまでも死後の財産争いを防止するために便宜的に持株会社化したものであって、渋沢同族株式会社の保有する株は会社の株の2割以下、ほとんどの場合は数パーセントにも満たないものであった。
English: Eichi was most enthusiastic about social activities in the business world and served as the president of nursing house at the request of Tokyo City and was involved in the establishment of Tokyo Jikei Kai, Japanese Red Cross Society and Rai Yobo Kyokai (Japan preventive association for leprosy) and served as the first presidents of St.Lukes International Hospital and Takinogawa-Gakuen and the Japanese chairman of the YMCA pacific rim liaison conference.
Japanese: 栄一は実業界の中でも最も社会活動に熱心で、東京市からの要請で養育院の院長を務めたほか、東京慈恵会、日本赤十字社、癩予防協会の設立などに携わり財団法人聖路加国際病院初代理事長、財団法人滝乃川学園初代理事長、YMCA環太平洋連絡会議の日本側議長などもした。
English: For revival after the Great Kanto Earthquake, he became the vice president of Great Earthquake Zengokai (goodwill association) and made a great effort to gather contribution.
Japanese: 関東大震災後の復興のためには、大震災善後会副会長となり寄付金集めなどに奔走した。