nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The term 'sumo' used to be pronounced as 'sumahi' in ancient times, and then became 'sumahu' followed by 'sumo.'
Japanese: 「すもう」の呼び方は、古代の「すまひ」から「すまふ」になり、「すもう」に訛った。
English: The term was written as '捔力' (seen in "Nihonshoki") or '角觝' (some people used this in the Edo period) in Japanese, and both were pronounced as sumo.
Japanese: 「捔力」（『日本書紀』）、「角觝」（江戸時代において一部で使用）と表記され、いずれも読みはすもうである。
English: Another combination of kanji characters "角力" is used due to the limited number of kanji characters designated for daily use (daily-use kanji, kanji for common use, and kanji taught in Japanese primary schools).
Japanese: 国語国字問題（当用漢字、常用漢字、教育漢字）により角力が別名でもある。
English: (The term "tegoi" is thought to be another name for sumo, and this term means grabbing an opponent's hand or having a match with bare hands.)
Japanese: （手乞とは、相撲の別名とされ、相手の手を掴む事の意、または、素手で勝負をする事を意味する。）
English: Wrestlers of Ozumo are called 'rikishi' or 'sumo-tori,' and the term 'osumo-san' is also used in conversations.
Japanese: 大相撲を取る人は「力士」（りきし）や「相撲取り」といい、会話では「お相撲さん」とも呼ばれる。
English: Basically, two persons wearing a sumo wrestler's belt stand on a dohyo in the shape of a circle with a diameter of 4.55 meters (15 shaku) or a square, and they wrestle with each other to fight to the finish.
Japanese: 競技の形態としては、直径4.55m（15尺）の円(数学)形または四角形をした土俵の中で廻しを締めた二人が組み合って（取り組み）勝ち負けを競う。
English: A wrestler loses when he goes out of the dohyo, when his body parts except for his soles touch the ground, or when he commits a foul.
Japanese: 土俵から出るか、地面に足の裏以外がついた場合、もしくは反則を行った場合、負けとなる。
English: According to the kojitsu (old customs and manners) of the Yoshida Tsukasake family, who was the head family of the sumo world, a push, a punch, and a kick used to be the three traditional techniques of sumo before the rules of prohibited techniques were established.
Japanese: 相撲司家の吉田司家の故実では、禁じ手制定以前の相撲の戦い方について「相撲の古法は、突く・殴る・蹴るの三手である」と伝えられている。
English: Two wrestlers stand facing each other with a short distance between them on a circle-shaped dohyo, and they bend their knees until they can touch the starting line with their fists.
Japanese: 円形の土俵に入り、最初はやや離れて立ち、互いに顔を見合わせ、腰を落とし、仕切り線に拳をついて準備する。
English: Wrestlers can have shikiri as many times as they want (before time runs out if a time limit is set), but they do not have to repeat shikiri unless they need to.
Japanese: 仕切りは何度行ってもよい（制限時間がある場合はその範囲で）し、繰り返さなくてもよい。
English: When Japan Broadcasting Corporation began to broadcast Ozumo over the radio on January 12, 1928, they set a time limit of 10 minutes for makuuchi (senior-grade) sumo wrestlers, a time limit of 7 for juryo (an intermediate division) sumo wrestlers, and starting lines such that all matches would finish before the end of the program.
Japanese: 1928年（昭和3年）1月12日から日本放送協会のラジオ放送による大相撲中継がはじまった際、放送時間内に勝負を納めるため幕内10分、十両7分の制限時間設定とともに仕切り線が設けられた。
English: Wrestlers with their fists touching the ground lock eyes with each other, and then rise to the attack at the same time.
Japanese: 拳をついた状態から、互いに目を合わせ、両者同時に立ち上がり、ぶつかる。
English: They usually attack the opponent from the front, but it does not mean they always have to do this.
Japanese: 普通は正面からぶつかり合うものであるが、必ずしもそうしなくても良い。
English: The ideal tachiai is such that two spirited wrestlers stand up when both wrestlers are fully motivated after repeating shikiri.
Japanese: 仕切りを繰り返すうちに、両者の気合いが乗り、共にその気になった瞬間に立ち上がるのが本来の形である。
English: A gyoji simply confirms the wrestlers' tachiai, and he does not declare the start of the match, unlike referees and umpires of other sports.
Japanese: 行司は一般のスポーツのように開始を宣言するのではなく、確認するだけである。
English: An Ozumo wrestler named Okinoemon KAGAMIYAMA, who lived during the Genroku era in the Edo period, started a tachiai style of touching a dohyo with his fist, and other wrestlers began to adopt this style.
Japanese: 土俵に拳をつける立ち合いは江戸時代の元禄の大相撲力士の鏡山仲右衛門が始めたものが広まったものである。
English: As pictures from those days show, the distance between two wrestlers was not designated at a tachiai before starting lines were set up, and two wrestlers had a tachiai with their foreheads touching each other in many matches.
Japanese: これ以前は当時の写真をみればわかるとおり、立会いの距離制限がなく頭と頭をつけた状態から開始されることも多かった。
English: The opponent loses if he is thrown down and his back touches the ground, he is pulled and his fist touches the ground, or even his hair touches the ground in an extreme case.
Japanese: 投げて背中が着いても、引っ張って掌が着いても、極端な場合には相手の髪の毛が着いてもその時点で相手の負けが決まる。
English: In many sumo-like Japanese fighting sports except for sumo, a player wins if his or her opponent's back touches the ground just like a fall in wrestling.
Japanese: 日本の相撲以外の多くの相撲系の格闘技は、レスリングにおけるフォールのように、相手の背中が地面に着かないと勝ちにならない。
English: Additionally, while going out of a fighting area is an offense in such sports, the player often does not lose the match straight after in most cases.
Japanese: また、試合場の外に出ることを反則としても即座に負けと認める例も少ない。
English: For these two reasons, a sumo match can be concluded in a short period of time, and no one can expect the result of a match until just before it actually ends.
Japanese: この二点のために、相撲は勝負がつきやすいと共に、勝敗の行方がデリケートである。
English: A wrestler standing at a short distance from his opponent attempts to have a tachiai with aggressive styles such as buchikamashi (butting with a head), nodowa (throat attack), tsuppari (thrust), harite (slapping of an opponent's face), and ashibarai (foot sweep) in order to gain an advantage over an opponent.
Japanese: 離れた状態から、ぶちかまし・喉輪・突っ張り・張り手・足払い等の攻め手を用いる立ち合いにより、優位な状況をつくる。
English: When two wrestlers grab the backside of each other's belt from the same side (one wrester uses his right arm and his opponent uses his left arm), their arms cross each other.
Japanese: 両者が同じ側（右と左）で横より後ろの廻しを取り合った場合、互いの手が交差する。
English: A sumo wrestler pulls his hand and arm when he grabs his opponent belt, but even in that case, the wrestler tries to keep going forward eventually with his arms pulling back.
Japanese: まわしを取った手は引くが、その場合でも体全体としては常に前に出ることを心がける。
English: Some people say, 'Whether or not your opponent pushes, just keep going forward.'
Japanese: 「引かば押せ、押さば押せ（相手が引こうが押そうが押せ）」との言葉もある。
English: In addition, people think that, even if the opponent steps back, the wrestler should go forward faster than his opponent's step.
Japanese: また引かれた場合も引かれる以上の早さで前に出ることで攻勢を取るのが良しとされる。
English: Major kumi-kata (clinches) styles are migi-yotsu (right-hand grip), hidari-yotsu (left-hand grip), kenka-yotsu (a sumo bout between two wrestlers who both try to get an underarm belt grip on the same side), te-yotsu (hand-to-hand posture), zu-yotsu (head-to-head posture), and gappuri-yotsu (the sumo hold to be locked together, each with a firm hold with both hands on his opponent's belt, or be locked in battle).
Japanese: 力士同士の組み方として、右四つ・左四つ・喧嘩四つ・手四つ・頭四つ・がっぷり四つ等がある。
English: When a sumo wrestler wins a match, referees judge which technique has decided the sumo match, and that winning technique is called kimarite.
Japanese: 勝敗が決したとき、それがどのような技によるかを判断したものが決まり手である。
English: There are various kimarite as a matter of course, but kimarite are officially classified into some groups such as throw, footsweep, drop, and twisting.
Japanese: 当然様々な場合があるが、公式な決まり手として、投げ・掛け・反り・捻りを中心にしたものがある。
English: Although there used to be 48 kimarite, Japan Sumo Association defines 77 technique names and 5 non-winning trick names (such as isamiashi (stepping out of the ring)) at present, and every move should be one of these.
Japanese: かつては四十八手といわれたが、現在では大相撲協会が77の技名と技でない決まり手5（勇み足など）を決めており、そのどれかに分類される。
English: A traditional sumo posture called 'teai' had been used until the mid Edo period, and a current sumo posture called 'sandan gamae' (three postures made on a special occasion) retains traces of teai.
Japanese: 日本古来から伝わる「手合」と呼ばれる相撲の構えが江戸時代中期まであったが、現在まで、その名残として「三段構え」が存在する。
English: Okinoemon KAGAMIYAMA, a sumo wrestler who lived during the mid Edo period and was from Kii Province, developed a tachiai starting with both hands (fists) touching the dohyo.
Japanese: 力士が、「両手の手（拳）を土俵に付けてから立ち会う」事は、江戸時代中期の人物で紀伊出身の鏡山沖右衛門から始まった。
English: The sumo posture called 'ottsuke no kamae' is preserved even today since it is good for both offense and defense.
Japanese: 現在まで伝わっている相撲の「追っ付けの構え」は、相撲の攻防に適した構えである。
English: Lightweight sumo wrestlers are generally thought to be at a disadvantage, but a lightweight wrestler can defeat a heavyweight superior sumo wrestler with a move that takes advantage of his weight, and such a match can be a highlight at a sumo tournament.
Japanese: 軽量力士は一般的には不利とされるが、軽量ゆえの動きを生かした技で大型の上位力士を倒す取組は大きな見所となる。
English: Japanese emigrants brought sumo to Brazil and some other countries in South America.
Japanese: 相撲は、日本移民とともにブラジルに渡り、南アメリカにも持ち込まれた。
English: The first sumo tournament in Brazil was held on August 31, 1914, at a cultivated field in Guadabara, Sao Paulo, to celebrate the Tencho-setsu (the Emperor's birthday festival).
Japanese: ブラジルでの最初の相撲大会は1914年8月31日、天長節を祝してサンパウロ州グアダバラ耕地で、開催された。
English: Over 30 young men who were originally from Fukuoka Prefecture and Kumamoto Prefecture participated in the tournament, and they used a formal Japanese style dohyo.
Japanese: 福岡県、熊本県出身の30人余の若者が参加し、日本の本式の土俵で行われた。
English: In 1983, Japanese and Brazilian sumo federations promoted International Sumo Federation.
Japanese: 1983年、日本とブラジルの両相撲連盟が発起人となり国際相撲協議会を発足。
English: In 1985, the sumo federations of Paraguay and Argentina joined this federation.
Japanese: 1985年にはパラグアイ、アルゼンチンの相撲連盟が同協議会に加盟する。
English: In 1986, the all-Paraguay sumo tournament was held as a commemorative project of the 50th anniversary of Japanese immigration to Paraguay.
Japanese: 1986年、パラグアイへの日本人移民50周年記念事業として、全パ相撲大会が開催される。
English: The tournament had sumo wrestlers from four countries: Japan Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.
Japanese: 日本、ブラジル、アルゼンチン、パラグアイの4か国から選手が参加した。
English: Japanese sumo wrestlers have visited South America since 1951 when a group of Katsuichi KASAGIYAMA was invited by Brazilian Sumo Youth Federation, and now, Ozumo professional sumo wrestlers and selected amateur sumo wrestlers visited there.
Japanese: 日本からの遠征は1951年、全伯青年連盟の招聘による笠置山勝一一行の渡伯を皮切りに、大相撲からアマチュア相撲の選抜選手が現在も遠征が続けられている。
English: There existed many gyoji families such as the Gojo family, the Yoshioka family, the Hattori family, the Shakushi family, the Isshiki family, the Iwai family, the Shikimori family, the Kimura family, the Kise family, the Kagamiyama family, the Nagase family, and so on.
Japanese: 行司家は、五条家をはじめ、吉岡家、服部家、尺子家、一式家、岩井家、式守家、木村家、木瀬家、鏡山家、長瀬家など、その他多数存在した。
English: Although the Yoshida Tsukasake family is generally said to be a deputy of the Gojo family, they have nothing to do with the Gojo family in fact, and the Nijo family is actually related to them.
Japanese: 一般的に、吉田司家は五条家の目代と言われているが、一切そのようなことは無く、関係あるのは二条家のみである。
English: The 19th head of the Yoshida family named Oikaze YOSHIDA submitted a report on records of the past to the Tokugawa shogunate in the Kansei era, and it says the family business of the Gojo family was to issue passes and luggage tags for travelers.
Japanese: 事実、吉田家の19世、吉田追風が寛政年間に徳川幕府に提出した故実書に「五条家は家業牢人の輩の道中絵符人馬宿駅の帳面免許す」とある。
English: As the report also says that a memorandum of Shonosuke KIMURA said he traveled on an important mission and the Kyoto Gojo family issued a tag for him, it is difficult to say that the Gojo family is the head family of the sumo world.
Japanese: 又、「木村庄之助の先祖書きにも旅行の節御由緒これあり、京都五条家より御絵符頂戴いたしきたり候」と記されているように、相撲の宗家とは云い難い。
English: Researches and studies of reports and books handed down in the leading families in sumo, the Yoshida family and the Gojo family.
Japanese: 相撲司家である「吉田家」や「五条家」に伝わる故実・伝書などの調査・研究。
English: The Meiji era is the period between January 1 of the first year of the Meiji era (or January 25, 1868 by the solar calendar) and July 30 of the 45th year of Meiji or 1912.
Japanese: 明治元年1月1日(旧暦)（1868年1月25日）から明治45年（大正元年、1912年）7月30日までの期間を指す。
English: Shosho (an imperial edict) was actually issued to change the era name on September 8 of the 4th year of Keio (October 23, 1868) but it was decided on January 1 of that year (January 25, 1868) be made the first year of Meiji retroactively.
Japanese: ただし、実際に改元の詔書が出されたのは慶応4年9月8日(旧暦)（1868年10月23日）で、同年1月1日に遡って明治元年とすると定めた。
English: The imperial edict for the change of era name, however, read, 'The fourth year of Keio shall be amended to become the first year of Meiji,' whereby, accordingly, the change of era name took effect retroactively to January 1of that year (by the lunar calendar) (or January 25, 1868 by the Gregorian calendar).
Japanese: ただし、改元の詔書には「改慶應四年爲明治元年」（慶応4年を改めて、明治元年となす）とあり、改元が年の呼称を改めるということから、1月1日(旧暦)（グレゴリオ暦1868年1月25日）に遡って適用された。
English: This phrase, 'Looking to south, the saint listens to the country and, facing towards light, he governs' had been considered as a prospect 10 times in total including 8 times during the Edo period in the past when era names were changed and it was finally selected during its eleventh nomination.
Japanese: 「聖人南面して天下を聴き、明に嚮いて治む」というこの言葉は、過去の改元の際に江戸時代だけで8回、計10回候補として勘案されているが、通算にして11度目にして採用された。
English: The imperial edict prescribing the system of issei-ichigen (one reign, one era) was issued in conjunction with the new era name taking effect, meaning that no era names would change during the reign of an emperor.
Japanese: 同時に一世一元の詔も併せて出され、在位中の改元は行わないものとした。
English: It is believed that, in Kashiko Dokoro (Palace Sanctuary), Emperor Meiji drew for the new era name, one which was among some additional options that had been considered by officials such as Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA of the Echizen clan.
Japanese: 越前藩松平慶永らが勘案した文面を籤としたものから、明治天皇自らが宮中賢所にて抽選したものだとされている。
English: With Emperor Meiji's accession to the throne, as part of their effort to build a national government centered around the emperor, the new government renamed Edo to Tokyo where the emperor visited to proclaim that city to be the new political center of Japan (See Tokyo Tento (transfer of the national capital to Tokyo)).
Japanese: 明治天皇が即位、新政府は天皇を中心とした新しい国家体制を築くことを目指し、新たに江戸を東京と改め、天皇が東京に行幸してここを日本の新しい政治の中心にすえた（東京奠都を参照）。
English: In accordance with the pro-Emperor principles, the Government rule of a state by the direct administration of the Emperor took effect but the political system underwent numerous changes before the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (the Meiji Constitution) was enacted.
Japanese: 尊皇思想に基づき、天皇は親政を行い人民を直接統治するとしたが、政治体制は大日本帝国憲法（明治憲法）が制定されるまで、様々に変化した。
English: In 1867, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th Shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) transferred power back to the Emperor.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）江戸幕府15代将軍・徳川慶喜が、朝廷に大政奉還を行なった。
English: In March 1868, the emperor announced the Charter Oath of Five Articles which laid out the new political principles and, in September of the same year, the era name was changed to Meiji (while the change of era name retroactively became effective as of January 1 of that year by the lunar calendar).
Japanese: 1868年3月に五箇条の御誓文によって新しい政治方針を示し、同年9月には年号を明治と改めた（改元は同年1月1日に遡って適用）。
English: To counter the military and economic pressure from Western powerful countries, the new government aspired to build a country with a centralized government where the emperor played a leading part.
Japanese: 新政府は欧米列強の軍事的・経済的圧力に対抗するために、天皇を中心とした中央集権国家の構築を目指した。
English: The previous annual rice tax was abolished and replaced by money payment of land-tax with implementation of the land-tax reform to secure a fiscal base.
Japanese: 地租改正によって従来の米年貢を廃止し、金納地租に代えて財政基盤とした。
English: With regard to the citizens, the government lifted various restrictions on freedoms that existed during the Edo period whereby the social standing system was abolished and replaced by one that made all people equal, as well as various other reforms such as freedom to travel across the country, freedom to choose occupations, freedom to have closely cut hair and freedom to carry a sword in belt.
Japanese: 国民には、江戸時代の自由の制限をなくし、身分の撤廃を行い四民平等とし、日本全国の行き来の自由を認め、職業の選択の自由や、散髪帯刀の自由など様々なことを改革していった。
English: Additionally, to break away from the fetters of powerful Western countries, the new government forged ahead to increase the wealth of the country and build up the military might that was recognized as an important political agenda of the time.
Japanese: また、新政府は欧米列強の桎梏から脱出する為、富国強兵を国の重要政策とした。
English: In light of the above, the government put the postal service in place, constructed the railway system, developed export industries (with an example being Tomioka Seishi-jo (Tomioka Silk Mill)) (encouragement of new industry) and implemented conscription (which, since the household head was exempt from this legislation and the other sons of the family or male members of the poor peasant class were drafted into military service, caused the blood tax revolt (anti-conscription revolt)).
Japanese: このため、郵便制度の整備、鉄道の敷設、輸出産業の育成（一例が富岡製糸場）を行い（殖産興業）、徴兵制を実施した（戸主は徴兵を免除されたので、主に戸主以外の次三男層や貧農層の子弟が兵役を担った為、血税一揆が起きた）。
English: Colliding with Toshimichi OKUBO, Tomomi IWAKURA and their sympathizers over Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea), the 5 hardliners such as Shinpei ETO, Takamori SAIGO, Taneomi SOEJIMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO resigned from the post of Sangi (councilor) (Meiji roku-nen no Seihen (Political Upheaval of 1873)).
Japanese: 征韓論をめぐって、強硬派の江藤新平・西郷隆盛・副島種臣・板垣退助・後藤象二郎の5人は大久保利通・岩倉具視らと対立し参議を辞任した（明治六年政変）。
English: Itagaki, Goto, Eto, Soejima and their sympathizers presented an opinion paper on establishing democratically elected parliament that criticized Yushi Sensei (despotism by domain-dominated government) to the government starting the Movement for Liberty and People's Right of which the establishment of the National Diet was the main demand.
Japanese: また、板垣、後藤、江藤、副島らは、に民選議院設立建白書を政府に提出して有司専制を批判し、議会開設を主な要求とする自由民権運動の嚆矢となった。
English: Eto subsequently returned to his hometown Saga and rose in revolt known as the Saga War involving the malcontent local warrior class who had lost their special privileges due to the Meiji Restoration, but was subsequently repressed.
Japanese: その後、江藤は故郷の佐賀に戻り、明治維新によって特権を失った不平士族をも巻き込んで佐賀の乱を起こしたが鎮圧された。
English: Seizing control of the government, Okubo recognized that it would be difficult to contain dissatisfaction of the discontented warrior class.
Japanese: 政権を掌握した大久保は、不平士族の不満を抑えることは困難であることを悟る。
English: On the grounds of an incident in which some Ryukyu fishermen were murdered by the local residents of Taiwan, Okubo subsequently carried out the Taiwan expedition (which resulted in the resignation of Takayoshi KIDO) and, further, set off the Ganghwa Island incident to make the Korean government sign the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity.
Japanese: そこで、琉球漁民が台湾の地元民に殺害されたことを理由に、、台湾出兵を行い（その結果、木戸孝允は下野した）、更に翌江華島事件を引き起こし朝鮮に日朝修好条規を締結させた。
English: Additionally, to warn and to conciliate Kido who resigned from the post of councilor, Itagaki who was leading Jiyu Minken Undo (the Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and their sympathizers, Okubo held the Osaka Conference to proclaim the imperial edict on the constitutional system of government.
Japanese: 加えて、下野した木戸や自由民権運動を率いている板垣らを牽制、懐柔するため、に大阪会議を開催し、立憲政体の詔書を発布した。
English: According to the said imperial edict, Okubo decided to organize the legislative body Genroin (the Senates) (Japan), the judicial branch Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) and local administrative assemblies.
Japanese: これにより、立法機関である元老院(日本)、司法機関である大審院、地方官会議を開催することを決めた。
English: Back home, Okubo installed the Ministry of Interior (Japan) and encouraged the new industry.
Japanese: 内政面では、大久保はに内務省(日本)を設置し、殖産興業を後押しした。
English: Okubo, additionally implemented Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend) reducing special privileges (such as Chiroku (hereditary stipend) and Shotenroku (bonus)) of the warrior class who received unearned income and contributed to economic difficulties for the Meiji Government, and issued a decree banning the wearing of swords.
Japanese: また、明治政府の財政難の原因となる不労所得者である士族の特権（秩禄、賞典禄）を削減したり（秩禄処分）、廃刀令を出したりした。
English: The malcontent warrior class objected to the continued reformative measures and starting with the Saga War, the Shinpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shinpuren, dissatisfied warrior group), the Akizuki-no-ran War (the turmoil of Akizuki), and the Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) broke out.
Japanese: 相次ぐ改革により不平士族は反発、佐賀の乱を皮切りに、神風連の乱、秋月の乱、萩の乱が起きた。
English: Takamori SAIGO ultimately raised an army (the Seinan War) following the foregoing wars but all of them were subdued by the government.
Japanese: 最後に西郷隆盛が挙兵した（西南戦争）がいずれも政府により鎮圧された。
English: After the death of Saigo, times changed from the days of overthrowing the government by force of arms to an era where government could be criticized through freedom of speech.
Japanese: 西郷の死により、武力による政府転覆ではなく、言論による政府批判へと時代は変わっていく。
English: Due to the facts that Toshimichi OKUBO was subsequently assassinated (during the Kioizaka Incident) and Takayoshi KIDO died of illness in the midst of the Seinan War a year earlier, Hirobumi ITO and Shigenobu OKUMA became the central figures in running the Meiji Government.
Japanese: その後、、大久保利通は暗殺され（紀尾井坂の変）、前年の西南戦争のさなかに木戸孝允も病没した為、明治新政府は、伊藤博文、大隈重信を中心に運営されることとなる。
English: To address the growing Movement for Liberty and People's Right, during the political coup of 1881 triggered by the incident in which the Hokkaido Development Commissioner disposed of state-owned articles, Hirobumi ITO drove out the left-wing faction under the leadership of Shigenobu OKUMA that was calling for immediate establishment of the Diet.
Japanese: 自由民権運動の発展に対し、、開拓使官有物払下げ事件に端を発した明治十四年の政変で、伊藤博文は即時国会開設を唱えていた急進派の大隈重信一派を政府から追放する。
English: Meanwhile, the Imperial Edict for Establishing a Diet was issued and Ito made a commitment to citizens to inaugurate the Diet.
Japanese: その一方、「国会開設の詔勅」を発し、に議会を開設することを国民に約束した。
English: As a result, Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shigenobu OKUMA who came to be purged from the Meiji Government formed the Liberal Party and the Constitutional Progressive Party, respectively, in preparations for the coming inauguration of the Imperial Diet.
Japanese: その結果、明治政府から追放されることとなった板垣退助は自由党を、大隈重信は立憲改進党を結成し、来る国会開設の準備を図ろうとした。
English: Additionally, after the downfall of Shigenobu OKUMA, it was Masayoshi MATSUKATA from the Satsuma clan who seized real power on economic policy (for details of which, Matsukata Deflation should be referenced).
Japanese: また、大隈重信失脚後、経済政策面で実権を掌握したのが薩摩藩出身の松方正義であった（詳細は松方デフレを参照）。
English: Peasantry suffered poverty due to the Matsukata Deflation which in conjunction with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement caused the Chichibu Incident (Radicalization of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement).
Japanese: 松方デフレにより、農民層は貧困することになり、これに自由民権運動が連動、に秩父事件が発生した（自由民権運動の先鋭化）。
English: With the subsequent abolishment of the Dajokan (Great Council of State) system in 1885, the cabinet system was implemented and Hirobumi ITO was installed as the founding Prime Minister of Japan.
Japanese: その後、明治18年（1885年）には太政官制を廃止し、内閣制を導入し、初代総理大臣には伊藤博文が就任した。
English: Hirobumi ITO, working with Kowashi INOUE, Miyoji ITO, Kentaro KANEKO, Roesler and the other concerned parties, began preparations to establish the constitution and installed Sumitsu-in (Privy Council) (Japan).
Japanese: 伊藤博文は、井上毅、伊東巳代治、金子堅太郎、ロエスレルらと憲法制定の準備を開始し、枢密院(日本)を設置した。
English: During times of the cabinet of Kiyotaka KURODA, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan modeling after the Prussian constitution which stresses royal prerogative was established in a manner that Emperor Meiji bestowed it on his subjects (a constitution enacted by the emperor).
Japanese: そして、、黒田清隆内閣の時、君主権が強いプロイセン憲法を模倣した大日本帝国憲法が明治天皇から臣下に授ける形で制定された（欽定憲法）。
English: This constitution was highly acclaimed at the time and, within the country, the People's Rights sector raved of 'a constitution that exceeded one's expectations in its excellence' (as per Sanae TAKADA).
Japanese: この憲法に対する当時の評価は高く、国内では「聞きしにまさる良憲法」（高田早苗）などと民権派からの絶賛もあった。
English: While there were some reservations regarding its actual operational abilities, the constitution was highly acclaimed by intellectuals in U. S. and European countries (with a specific example being Erwin von Bälz) in terms of its contents.
Japanese: また欧米各国の識者からも、実際の運用能力への留保はありつつ、その内容に関しては高く評価された（具体例としてエルヴィン・フォン・ベルツが挙げられる）。
English: Pursuant to Article 3 of this Constitution, it prescribed that the Emperor was sacred and inviolable and pursuant to Article 4 of same, it defined the Emperor as the head of the state having complete control of sovereignty.
Japanese: 同憲法は、天皇は、第三条で神聖不可侵と規定され、第四条で統治権を総攬する元首と規定された。