nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The city has a wealth of historic buildings such as the Shodo-kanga-iseki Ruins (ruins designated as a national historical relic site), the Kuse-jinja Shrine (its main shrine being designated as Important Cultural Property) and the Mito-jinja Shrine (its main shrine also being designated as Important Cultural Property), as well as Sanga Town Joyo, a training ground for Kyoto Sanga F.C.
Japanese: 正道官衙遺跡（国の史跡）や久世神社、水度神社（いずれも本殿は国の重要文化財）などの歴史的建築物を多数擁するほか、京都サンガF.C.の練習場であるサンガタウン城陽が置かれている。
English: The National Route 24, connecting Kyoto City and Nara City, runs north-south; Joyo City is located between the two cities.
Japanese: 京都市と奈良市を結ぶ国道24号が南北に横断し、両市のほぼ中間にある。
English: Geographically, the land on the western part (area around the Okubo Bypass) of Joyo City is flat overall while the land contains more ups and downs further east.
Japanese: 地勢は西部（大久保バイパス近辺）は概ね平坦で、東部に向かうにつれて起伏の多い地形になっている。
English: April 1, 1951: Four villages of Kutsukawa-mur, Terada-mura, Tonosho-mura in Kuse-gun and Aotani-mura in Tsuzuki-gun were merged to form Joyo-cho in Kuse-gun.
Japanese: 1951年（昭和26年）4月1日、久世郡久津川村、寺田村、富野荘村、綴喜郡青谷村の4村が合併して、久世郡城陽町が誕生する。
English: Vancouver (Washington State, the United States of America. Not to be confused with Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.)
Japanese: バンクーバー(ワシントン州)（アメリカ合衆国ワシントン州）（カナダのバンクーバー(ブリティッシュコロンビア州)とは別）
English: The main means of transportation is the JR Nara Line, the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, and the National Route 24 (the Okubo Bypass and the Keinawa Expressway).
Japanese: 主要交通機関はJR奈良線、近鉄京都線及び国道24号（大久保バイパス・京奈和自動車道）である。
English: The railroad centers around Joyo Station (JR Nara Line, Rapid Train Stop) and is the closest station to the city hall.
Japanese: 中心となる駅は城陽駅（JR奈良線。快速停車駅）であり、同駅が市役所への最寄り駅である。
English: However, looking at the number of passengers, Terada Station (Kyoto Prefecture) on the Kintetsu Kyoto Line can be said to be the working central station of Joyo City.
Japanese: だが利用者数を見ると寺田駅(京都府)（近鉄京都線）が一番多く、実質この駅が中心とも言える。
English: In addition to the stations above, the city has the following four stations: Nagaike and Yamashiro-Aodani Stations on the JR Nara Line, and Kutsukawa and Tonosho Stations on the Kintetsu Kyoto Line.
Japanese: 上記2つの駅のほか、JR奈良線の長池駅、山城青谷駅、近鉄京都線の久津川駅、富野荘駅がある。
English: Since Okubo Station, an express train stop on the Kintetsu Kyoto Line and Shinden Station (Kyoto Prefecture) on the JR Nara Line are within walking distance in the northern part of Joyo City, many people use these two stations; furthermore, Okubo Station has bus routes running the entire area of Joyo City and has even more passengers.
Japanese: 北部は近鉄京都線の急行停車駅大久保駅(京都府)、JR奈良線の新田駅(京都府)が徒歩圏のため、両駅への利用者も多く、近鉄大久保駅へは市内全域からのバス路線が通じており、合わせて利用者が多い。
English: The Kintesu Line at both Okubo and Shin-tanabe Stations has a relatively large number of connections between local and express trains, mainly during rush hours and daytime, making the railway line more accessible.
Japanese: 近鉄線は、ラッシュ時及び日中を中心に、大久保、新田辺両駅での急行列車との緩急接続が比較的多く行われており、便利はよい。
English: Additionally, many commuters to Osaka City take the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, connecting on foot from Shin-tanabe Station (Kyotanabe City) to Kyotanabe Station to take a rapid train on the JR Katamachi Line to Osaka City.
Japanese: また、大阪市への通勤では近鉄京都線に乗り、新田辺駅（京田辺市）から徒歩連絡するJR片町線（京田辺駅）の快速電車に乗り換えて大阪市へ向かう客も多い。
English: Keihan Uji Bus Co., Ltd., operates in the eastern part of the city, centering around the Joyo residential complex while, in the west, there are fewer routes.
Japanese: 市東部については城陽団地を中心に京阪宇治バスが運行されているが、西部に関しては路線網が薄い。
English: To fill any gaps, Keihan Uji Bus Co., Ltd. operates the city circular bus, 'Joyo Sansan Bus' (城陽さんさんバス), once or twice every hour across three routes.
Japanese: それを補完する形で、京阪宇治バスによる市循環バス（城陽さんさんバス）が3系統、各一時間に1～2本運行されている。
English: TWINKLE JOYO: a light pageant illuminated with 200,000 lights
Japanese: TWINKLEJOYO-20万球のイルミネーションが彩る光のページェント
English: Naka-gun in Tango Province had been referred to as Taniha-gun or Tanba-gun until the late Medieval period.
Japanese: 丹波郡（たにはぐん／たんばぐん）は、丹後国中郡の中世末期までの呼称。
English: This is because Naka-gun was believed to have been the center of Tanba Province, 'Tanba-sato, Tanba-gun, Tanba Province,' for the following reasons: Tango Province was part of Tanba Province, and Tanba-go existed in Naka-gun according to the Wamyo-sho (a dictionary compiled in the Heian period).
Japanese: これはかつて丹後国が丹波国の一部だった名残で、更に和名抄によると郡内には丹波郷があることから、ここが「丹波国丹波郡丹波里」としてその中心地であったと考えられる。
English: On April 1, 2004, as a result of municipal mergers, Omiya-cho and Mineyama-cho merged to become Kyotango City, and accordingly, Naka-gun was dissolved.
Japanese: 2004年（平成16年）4月1日、両町は市町村合併で京丹後市なったことで、中郡は消滅した。
English: April 1, 1889: As a result of the enactment of the chosonsei (Town and Village System Law), Ono-mura, Chozen-mura, Goka-mura, Shinzan-mura, Tanba-mura, Yoshiwara-mura, Mineyama-cho, Kobe-mura, Suki-mura, Mie-mura, Tsuneyoshi-mura and Ikaga-mura were established in Naka-gun (one town and eleven villages).
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）4月1日町村制施行により、大野村、長善村、五箇村、新山村、丹波村、吉原村、峰山町、河辺村、周枳村（すきむら）、三重村、常吉村、五十河村（いかがむら）の1町11村となる。
English: April 1, 1951: Kobe-mura, Suki-mura, Mie-mura, Tsuneyoshi-mura, Kuchiono-mura and Okuono-mura were merged to form Omiya-cho.
Japanese: 1951年（昭和26年）4月1日河辺村、周枳村、三重村、常吉村、口大野村、奥大野村が合併し、大宮町となる。
English: January 1, 1955: Mineyama-cho, Goka-mura, Shinzan-mura, Tanba-mura and Yoshiwara-mura were merged to form Mineyama-cho.
Japanese: 1955年（昭和30年）1月1日峰山町、五箇村、新山村、丹波村、吉原村が合併し、峰山町なる。
English: April 1, 2004: Omiya-cho, Mineyama-cho, Amino-cho in Takeno-gun, Tango-cho, Yasaka-cho and Kumihama-cho in Kumano-gun were merged to become Kyotango City by implementing the shisei (grant of city status); as a result, Naka-gun was dissolved.
Japanese: 2004年（平成16年）4月1日大宮町、峰山町、竹野郡網野町、丹後町、弥栄町、熊野郡久美浜町が合併・市制施行し京丹後市となり、中郡消滅。
English: Otokuni-gun was a district in Yamashiro Province, and is presently a district in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 乙訓郡（おとくにぐん、おとくにのこおり）は、京都府・山城国の郡である。
English: Otokuni-gun used to include the entire region which includes present-day Nagaokakyo City and Muko City as well as the present-day Nishikyo and Minami Wards, Kyoto City and a portion of the present-day Fushimi Ward.
Japanese: 現在の長岡京市と向日市の全域、京都市西京区および南区(京都市)、伏見区の一部もかつては乙訓郡に属していた。
English: April 10, 1879: Based on the Gun-ku-cho-son henseiho (Counties, Wards, Towns, and Villages Organization Code), Otokuni-gun district office was established in Muko-machi.
Japanese: 1879年（明治12年）4月10日-郡区町村編制法に基づき向日町に乙訓郡役所を設置。
English: April 1, 1889: As a result of the enactment of the chosonsei (Town and Village System Law), Muko-machi, Otokuni-mura, Shinkotari-mura, Kaiinji-mura, Yodo-mura, Koga-mura, Hazukashi-mura, Oe-mura, Oharano-mura, Kuze-mura and Oyamazaki-mura were established in Otokuni-gun.
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）4月1日-町村制施行に伴い、乙訓郡に向日町と乙訓村・新神足村・海印寺村・淀村・久我村・羽束師村・大枝村・大原野村・久世村・大山崎村が成立する。
English: February 11, 1936: Yodo-cho, Kuse-gun absorbed Yodo-mura (in 1957, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City absorbed Yodo-cho).
Japanese: 1936年（昭和11年）2月11日-淀村が久世郡淀町（1957年（昭和32年）に京都市伏見区に編入）に編入。
English: July 1, 1942: Kita-yamashiro local office was set up in Kyoto City to administer Otagi-gun, Kadono-gun and Otokuni-gun.
Japanese: 1942年（昭和17年）7月1日-京都市に愛宕郡・葛野郡・乙訓郡を管轄する北山城地方事務所を設置。
English: October 1, 1949: Otokuni-mura, Shinkotari-mura and Kaiinji-mura were merged to form Nagaoka-cho.
Japanese: 1949年（昭和24年）10月1日-乙訓村・新神足村・海印寺村が合併し、長岡町が発足。
English: November 3, 1967: By implementing the chosei (grant of township), Oyamazaki-mura became Oyamazaki-cho.
Japanese: 1967年（昭和42年）11月3日-大山崎村が町制施行し大山崎町となる。
English: 3. Government offices which the feudal royal family opened in various areas, as a base of military and public administration within China, from the Han to Ming dynasty.
Japanese: 3.漢から明代までの中国で、各地に王として封建皇族が軍事と行政の拠点として開いた政庁。
English: 4. Royal mansions were located at key spots in capitals and major cities of China, from the Ming to Qing Dynasty.
Japanese: 4.明代から清代までの中国で、都や主要都市の要所に置かれた皇族の大邸宅。
English: 5. From the Tang to Song Dynasty, the military governor who controlled military and civil authorities in various locations was based in this area.
Japanese: 5.唐代から宋(王朝)にかけて各地で軍事権と行政権を掌握した節度使が本拠とした地。
English: 7. During the Song to Qing Dynasties, sub titles for major cities functioned as capitals or sub capitals in China and Northern national countries.
Japanese: 7.宋代から清代までの中国や北方民族国家で、首都や副都として機能した大都市の副称。
English: Examples include, Kaifeng of Northern Song, Hangzhou of Southern Song, Datong of Liao Dynasty (Shanxi Province), Nanjing city or Beijing city of Ming Dynasty or Shenyan of Qing Dynasty.
Japanese: 北宋の開封、南宋の杭州、遼の大同(山西省)、明の南京市や北京市、清の瀋陽など。
English: Dazaifu: Authority for defense and diplomacy of Japan with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki and Tsushima from ancient times to the period of the Ritsuryo system's (criminal, administrative and civil codes) Japan.
Japanese: 大宰府：古代から律令制日本の律令制の時代にかけて、九州・壱岐・対馬を所轄し日本の外交・防衛にあたった機関。
English: Naidaijin-fu: Facilities and organization where the base of operations for the Naidaijin-fu (Minister of Interior's Office) were located from the Meiji to the early Showa period.
Japanese: 内大臣府：明治から昭和の初めにかけて、内大臣府が執務の拠点とした施設及び組織。
English: Sotoku-fu: Facility used as an office by the government-general in foreign countries from the Meiji to the early Showa period.
Japanese: 総督府：明治から昭和の初めにかけて外地の総督が執務の拠点とした施設。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoritomo used to be called 'Bakufu' since he was Ukone-no-Daisho (Imperial guard chief of the Right) before becoming Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 源頼朝は征夷大将軍任官前に右近衛大将だったことから「幕府」と呼ばれた。
English: Konoehei Rokue-fu (Six imperial guard): The upper Goe-fu (Five imperial guard) was reorganized in the later Nara period, and became Rokue-fu (Six imperial guard), each consisting of the right and left of Konoe-fu (a division of the imperial guard), Hyoe-fu (a division of the imperial guard) and Emon-fu (an order of guards to keep the gates of Heiankyo).
Japanese: 近衛兵六衛府：奈良時代後期に上の五衛府が改組され、左右の近衛府・兵衛府・衛門府からなる六衛府となった。
English: Bakufu started to mean 'the feudal government headed by a shogun' from around the mid-Edo period.
Japanese: 幕府が「将軍を頂点とする中央政府」を意味するようになったのは江戸時代中頃から。
English: Chinju-fu Kaigun Chinju-fu (Navy base): Naval bases located at military ports in each navel area (Japanese coast was divided into five navy areas).
Japanese: 鎮守府海軍鎮守府：明治時代に日本の沿岸を五つの海軍区に分け、各海軍区に軍港とともに設置された海軍の拠点。
English: Yokosuka Chinju-fu, Kure Chinju-fu, Sasebo Chinju-fu, and Maizuru Chinju-fu all existed until the end of WWII.
Japanese: 横須賀鎮守府、呉鎮守府、佐世保鎮守府、舞鶴鎮守府が終戦まで存在した。
English: Edo: Derived from the meaning of 'whereabouts of Bakufu,' entering Edo was described as 'Nyufu,' while the town inside of Edo was described as 'Fuchu.'
Japanese: 江戸：「幕府の所在地」という意味から、江戸に入ることを「入府」、江戸町内のことを「府中」などといった。
English: Fu Han Ken-sei (Fu, Han and Ken System): Immediately after the Meiji Restoration, the land controlled by Kyoto Shoshidai (the Bakufu-appointed governors of Kyoto), Chatelaines and Bugyo (Shogunate administrators), which were part of Bakufu-ruled lands, were reformed as 'Fu.'
Japanese: 府藩県制：明治維新直後にそれまでの幕府直轄地のうち、京都所司代・城代・奉行が支配していた地を「府」と改めたもの。
English: Examples include Hakodate-fu, Edo-fu, Kanagawa-fu, Echigo-fu, Niigata-fu, Kai-fu, Watarai-fu, Nara-fu, Kyoto-fu, Osaka-fu and Nagasaki-fu.
Japanese: 箱館府・江戸府・神奈川府・越後府・新潟府・甲斐府・度会府・奈良府・京都府・大阪府・長崎府。
English: In 1943, Tokyo became 'To,' and two Fu domains of Osaka and Kyoto were left.
Japanese: 1943年（昭和18年）に東京が「都」となり、京都・大阪の二府が残った。
English: The Katsura-gawa River originates from Sasari-toge Mountain Pass on the border between Sasari, Miyama-cho in Nantan City (formerly Miyama-cho, Kita-Kuwada-gun, Kyoto Prefecture) and Hirogawara in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府京都市左京区広河原と南丹市美山町（旧北桑田郡美山町(京都府)）佐々里の境に位置する佐々里峠に発する。
English: The river flows south through Hirogawara and Hanase in Sakyo Ward, but changes its course westward in the south of Hanase.
Japanese: 左京区広河原、左京区花脊を南流するが、花脊南部で流れを西へと大きく変える。
English: The river runs east-west through Keihoku, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City (formerly Keihoku-cho, Kitakuwada-gun), and, by way of Segi Dam and Hiyoshi Dam in Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan City (formerly Hiyoshi-cho, Funai-gun, Kyoto Prefecture), flowing south towards the Kameoka Basin afterward.
Japanese: 京都市右京区京北（旧北桑田郡京北町）を東西に横断し、南丹市日吉町（旧船井郡日吉町(京都府)）の世木ダム、日吉ダムを経由、以降は亀岡盆地へと南流する。
English: The river runs through the center of Kameoka City, flows south-east down Hozu-kyo Gorge, and then into the Kyoto Basin at Arashiyama southward; the river then merges with the Kamogawa River (Yodo-gawa River System) in Fushimi Ward, and is joined by the Kizu-gawa and Uji-gawa Rivers on the border with Osaka Prefecture, where it becomes the Yodo-gawa River.
Japanese: 亀岡市の中央部を縦断し、保津峡を南東に流れ、嵐山で京都盆地に出て南流、伏見区で鴨川(淀川水系)を併せ、大阪府との境で木津川(京都府)、宇治川と合流し淀川となる。
English: Conventionally, the river along Keihoku, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City is referred to as the Kamikatsura-gawa River; the one along Sonobe-cho, Nantan City is the Katsura-gawa River; the one from Yagi-cho, Nantan City to Kameoka City is the Oi-gawa River; the one from the Hozu-hashi Bridge or Hozu-kyo Gorge to Arashiyama is the Hozu-gawa River; and the one from Arashiyama to the junction is again the Katsura-gawa River.
Japanese: 通例として、京都市右京区京北の流域にかけては上桂川（かみかつらがわ）、南丹市園部町に入ると桂川、南丹市八木町から亀岡市にかけては大堰川（おおいがわ）、亀岡市の保津橋又は保津峡から嵐山あたりまでは保津川（ほづがわ）などと名を変え、嵐山から合流地点は再び桂川と称される。
English: These are the conventional names, but after the River Act was proclaimed in April 1896 and implemented in June of the same year, only the name Katsura-gawa River has been used in administrative documents.
Japanese: これらは通例であり、1896年（明治29年）4月に旧河川法が公布、同年6月の施行以降、行政上の表記は桂川に統一されている。
English: In the survey by the Geographical Survey Institute, the entire waterway is described as the Katsura-gawa River, and none of the other names mentioned above have been used.
Japanese: 国土地理院の測量成果においても、全流域において桂川の表記に統一されており、他の呼称が用いられることはない。
English: Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City, Ukyo Ward, Nantan City, Kameoka City, Ukyo Ward, Nishikyo Ward, Minami Ward (Kyoto City), Fushimi Ward, and Oyamazaki-cho in Otokuni-gun
Japanese: 京都市左京区、右京区、南丹市、亀岡市、右京区、西京区、南区(京都市)、伏見区、乙訓郡大山崎町
English: In order to reach the Gorge, one can take a tram on the Sagano Scenic Line of the Sagano Scenic Railway from Saga Torokko Station to Kameoka Torokko Station, and then take the connecting bus to the boat pier (15 min).
Japanese: 嵯峨野観光鉄道嵯峨野観光鉄道嵯峨野観光線のトロッコ列車でトロッコ嵯峨駅からトロッコ亀岡駅に行き、そこから連絡バスで乗船場まで約15分。
English: A 45 km-long bicycle path connecting the Togetsu-kyo Bridge in Arashiyama and the Izumi Ohashi Bridge in Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 嵐山の渡月橋から京都府木津川市の泉大橋の全長約45kmを結ぶサイクリングロード。
English: Downstream of the Katsura-gawa River, flowing south into the Kyoto Basin used to be called the Kadono-gawa River, according to the Yamashiro-koku Fudoki (regional gazetteers of Yamashiro Province; incomplete work) and the Nihon Koki (Later Chronicle of Japan).
Japanese: 「山城国風土記」（逸文）や「日本後紀」によると、京都盆地流入以南の桂川は、古くは葛野川（かどの）と呼ばれていた。
English: The Katsura-gawa River around the Arashiyama area is believed to have flowed differently in ancient times from what it does today.
Japanese: 古代、嵐山周辺の桂川の流れは現代とはやや異なるものだったと考えられている。
English: The Kadono Oi (weirs) located on the river, are believed to have been built by the Hata clan around the sixth century, who ruled the riverside of the Katsura-gawa River such as Saga and Matsuo.
Japanese: 嵯峨や松尾などの桂川流域を支配していた秦氏が、6世紀頃に桂川に堰堤を築いたとされる（葛野大堰）。
English: The weir built on the east bank of the Katsura-gawa River between Shimo-Saga and Matsuo, is called Fushihara tsutsumi.
Japanese: とくに下嵯峨から松尾にかけて桂川東岸に築かれた堤は罧原堤（ふしはら）と呼ばれる。
English: According to the Hata-shi Honkei-cho (genealogy of the head clans), the name of the river changed to the Oi-gawa River from the Kadono-gawa River when the weirs were completed.
Japanese: 「秦氏本系帳」によると、これら堰堤完成の際に、それまでの葛野川から大堰川と呼ばれるようになったとある。
English: Afterward, the river around Arashiyama and to the north was referred to as the Oi-gawa River, '大堰川' or '大井川,' (in two different descriptions with the same meaning), while the river to the south of Arashiyama was referred to as the Katsura-gawa River, '桂川' or '葛河' (the same as the above).
Japanese: その後、嵐山周辺および上流域では大堰川、あるいは大井川（大堰と大井は同義である）、嵐山下流域以南では桂川、あるいは葛河（かつら）と称されるようになった。
English: The Tosa Nikki (Tosa Diary) describes the river as the Katsura-gawa River, '桂川'; in the Nihon Kiryaku (historical books written in the Heian period), the river is known as the Oi-gawa River, '大堰川'; and in the Tsurezure-gusa (a collection of essays written in the early 1330s), the river is referred to as the Oi-gawa River, '大井川.'
Japanese: 「土佐日記」では桂川の字を、「日本紀略」では大堰川の字を、「徒然草」では大井川の字を見ることができる。
English: Line 51 of the Tsurezure-gusa depicts a scene where water is brought from the Oi-gawa River to the Kameyama-dono Palace in Sagano.
Japanese: 「徒然草」の第五十一段では、嵯峨野の亀山殿に大井川から水を引く様子を伝えている。
English: According to the Yoshufushi (gazetteer of Yamashiro Province), the river downstream to the south of Saga was named the Katsura-gawa River since the 'Katsura-no-sato' (village of Katsura) lay on the west side of the river, while upstream, to the north of Saga around Arashiyama, the river was described as the Oi-gawa River.
Japanese: 「雍州府志」では、川の西に桂の里が有ることから嵯峨より南の下流域を桂川と呼ぶようになったとあり、それより上流にあたる嵐山流域をやはり大井川としている。
English: The Katsura-gawa River was regularly used to transport wood from Tanba, Yamashiro, and Settsu, as in the case of the present-day Keihoku-cho in Ukyo Ward, which shipped its wood to Kyoto for the construction of the Heian-kyo.
Japanese: 平安京造営の時、現在の右京区京北町の木材を京都に運搬するなど、桂川の流れは丹波と山城、摂津の木材輸送によく用いられた。
English: In the 17th century, a wealthy merchant with political ties, Ryoi SUMINOKURA, built a canal from the Katsura-gawa River to connect the present-day Yogi-mura (与木村) in Tanba-cho, and Yodo and Osaka; consequently, water transportation developed.
Japanese: 17世紀にはいると嵐山の豪商であり政商の角倉了以が桂川を開削し、現在の丹波町与木村から下流の淀や大坂まで通じることになったため、船運が発達した。
English: St. Agnes' Episcopal Church (Anglican), Kyoto (constructed in 1898 and has been designated as a national important cultural property).
Japanese: 日本聖公会京都教区主教座聖堂聖アグネス教会（1898年築、国の重要文化財）
English: The starting point of the Kamogawa River in the River Act is around the Deai-bashi Bridge in Kumogahata, Kita Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 河川法における鴨川の起点は、京都市北区(京都市)雲ヶ畑の出合橋付近である。
English: Meeting at the Kumogahata Iwaya-bashi Bridge, the Sofudani-gawa River, which originates in the east of Mt. Sajikiga-take in Kumogahata, Kita Ward, and the Kumogahata-Iwaya-gawa River, which originates in Yakushi-toge Mountain Pass in the south of Mt. Sajikiga-take, change their name to the Kumogahata-gawa River.
Japanese: 北区雲ヶ畑の桟敷ヶ岳東部の谷を源とする祖父谷川と、桟敷ヶ岳南部の薬師峠を源とする雲ヶ畑岩屋川が雲ヶ畑岩屋橋で合流し雲ヶ畑川となる。
English: The Kumogahata-gawa River, joined at the Deai-bashi Bridge by the Nakatsu-gawa River originating in the valley of Mt. Iodani-yama in Kumogahata, becomes the Kamogawa River from there on.
Japanese: 雲ヶ畑川は、雲ヶ畑の魚谷山南部の谷を源とする中津川と出合橋で合流し、これより「鴨川」となる。
English: Since the sign indicating the starting point of the river is located at the lower Nakatsu-gawa River, the source of the Kamogawa River may be believed to be the Nakatsu-gawa River; however, this is the case in the River Act, and traditionally, there are a great deal of people who regard Mt. Sajikiga-take as the source.
Japanese: 鴨川起点の表記は中津川下流域にあるため、これに従うと源流は中津川であると考えられるが、これはあくまでも河川法上での扱いであり、伝統的には桟敷ヶ岳を源流と見なす人も多い。
English: In addition to the main river, the Kamogawa River has a tributary, called Kurama-gawa River, which originates in Hanse-toge Mountain Pass in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City and is joined at Kibune-guchi by the Kibune-gawa River, originating in Seryo-toge Mountain Pass in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: また、この鴨川本流とは別に、京都市右京区の芹生峠を源とする貴船川と、京都市左京区の花脊峠を源とする鞍馬川が貴船口で合流する鞍馬川がある。
English: In the legend of the Kibune-jinja Shrine, Kibune is considered to be the place where Emperor Jinmu's mother, Tamayori-hime-no-mikoto, reached when going up the sources of the Yodo-gawa and Kamogawa Rivers, therefore some Japanese legends hold that the Kibune-gawa River is the source of the Kamogawa River.
Japanese: 貴船神社社伝においては、神武天皇の母である玉依姫命が、淀川、鴨川の源流を遡上した際にたどりついたのが貴船の地とされるため、日本神話的には貴船川を鴨川の源流と見なすこともある。
English: The river further runs south-south-east alongside the Kamigamo-jinja Shrine (Kamowake Ikazuchi-jinja Shrine) and the Shimogamo-jinja Shrine (Kamomioya Shrine), and meets the Takano-gawa River (Kyoto City) right before the Kamo Ohashi Bridge.
Japanese: 上賀茂神社（賀茂別雷神社）、下鴨神社（賀茂御祖神社）脇を南南東に流れ、加茂大橋手前で高野川(京都市)と合流する。
English: Then, the river flows due south through Kyoto City, runs south-west from around the Shijo Ohashi Bridge, and into the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River System) at Shimotoba, Fushimi Ward.
Japanese: そこから京都市内を真南に流れ、四条大橋付近から南西流に転じ、伏見区下鳥羽で桂川(淀川水系)に注ぐ。
English: As a result of the River Act, which was proclaimed in 1964 and implemented in the following year, the name of the Kamogawa (Kamogawa River) from the starting point to the entire downstream is officially written as 鴨川 in kanji; however, the Kamogawa River upstream from the junction with the Takano River (Kyoto City) is conventionally written as 賀茂川 or 加茂川.
Japanese: 1964年（昭和39年）公布、翌年施行の河川法により、起点よりすべて鴨川の表記に統一されているが、通例として、高野川(京都市)との合流点より上流は賀茂川または加茂川と表記される。
English: In the Nihon Kiryaku (historical books written in the Heian period), the Kamogawa River is written as 鴨川 or 賀茂川, but this does not indicate that people at that time distinguished between the two notations according to the part of the river.
Japanese: 「日本紀略」では「鴨川」「賀茂川」どちらの表記も混在しているが、平安時代には流域により表記を区別していたわけではない。
English: From the late October to early May, black-headed gulls fly to the Kamogawa River every day while spending the winter at Lake Biwa.
Japanese: 10月下旬から5月上旬ごろまで、琵琶湖で越冬しながら毎日鴨川まで通って来る。
English: While their presence at the Kamogawa River is presently a typical winter scene, their presence is relatively recent, and they first appeared in 1974.
Japanese: 今では冬の風物詩と化しているが、鴨川に姿を見せるようになったのは意外に新しく、1974年のことである。
English: In the Ise Monogatari (Tales of Ise), a bird called "miyako-dori" (black-headed gulls) is described as 'a bird unseen in Kyoto.'
Japanese: 伊勢物語では、都鳥（ユリカモメ）のことを「京には見えぬ鳥」と記している。
English: The straight waterway between the Kamo Ohashi and Shijo Ohashi Bridges was believed to have been secured at this period.
Japanese: 賀茂大橋から四条大橋までの一直線の河道はこの時に固定されたと考えられている。
English: In the Medieval period, its riverside adjacent to the urban area of Kyoto City prospered as an entertainment spot and attracted many entertainers.
Japanese: 中世には京都市街に隣接する河原が歓楽地となり、多くの芸人が集まるようになった。
English: In 1614, Ryoi SUMINOKURA and his son, Soan, built a canal, called Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture), and was used as a waterway to connect Kyoto and Osaka.
Japanese: 1614年（慶長19年）には角倉了以・素庵父子によって高瀬川(京都府)が開鑿され、京都と大阪を結ぶ水路として利用された。
English: This problem arises because the Kamogawa River has a steep gradient for a river running through a big city, trees of Mt. Kitayama were logged to build Heian-kyo, and the riverside has become a part of the urban area with the eastward expansion of the area.
Japanese: これは大都市を流れる河川としては勾配が急であることに加え、平安京造営時に北山の木が伐採されたこと、市街地の東への拡大にともない河原が市街地化したことなどが原因である。
English: The government post Bokashi, charged with river improvement was established in 824, but did not prevent floods from occurring.
Japanese: 824年（天長元年）には治水を担当する防鴨河使（ぼうかし）という官職が設けられたが、洪水はやまなかった。
English: The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa, who held the reins of power in the late Heian period, raised the issue of 'water of the Kamogawa River' first as one of his tenka-sandai-funyoi (three biggest issues on earth that he could not control).
Japanese: 平安末期に権勢をふるった白河法皇は、自らの意に沿わないもの（天下三大不如意）の筆頭に「賀茂の水」を挙げている。
English: The east side of the odoi (mud wall), built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, was placed along the Kamogawa River, and functioned as a levee, as well.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の築いた御土居の東部は鴨川に沿っており、堤防としての役割を兼ねていた。
English: In 1670, the Kanbun-shintei (embankment) was built between the Imadegawa-dori and Gojo-dori Streets, and the area between the mud wall and the embankment was developed as an urban area.
Japanese: また1670年（寛文10年）には今出川通から五条通までの区間に寛文新堤が設けられ、御土居との間が新たな市街地として開発された。
English: The flood in 1935 caused great damage: 83 people were killed or injured, and in addition, the Sanjo Ohashi Bridge and the Gojo Ohashi Bridge were washed away.
Japanese: 1935年（昭和10年）の水害では死傷者83名のほか、三条大橋や五条大橋の流失など大きな被害を出した。
English: As a result of this incident, the river improvement project began and was completed in 1947 despite the suspension by the war and the slight modifications of the project.
Japanese: これを契機に河川改修事業が行なわれ、戦争による中断や一部計画の変更があったものの、1947年（昭和22年）に完成した。