nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Senke tea ceremony rooms were quickly rebuilt by the following year and the tea ceremony event commemorating the 199th anniversary of death of Rikyu-koji (the late Rikyu) was held in grand style.
Japanese: しかし翌年までに速やかに再建されて、利休居士二百回忌の茶事を盛大に催している。
English: It is considered that these restorations were made possible thanks, in large part, to the streamlined iemoto system installed by the key Senke persons including Joshinsai.
Japanese: こうした復興が可能だったのも如心斎らによる家元制度の整備によるところが大きいと考えられる。
English: Incidentally, the Mitsui family originally came from Matsuzaka City in the former Ise Province, which was a feudal domain of the Kii clan, and hence they had strong ties with the house of Kishu-Tokugawa.
Japanese: ちなみに三井家は紀州藩領であった伊勢国松阪市が一族のルーツであり、それが縁で紀州徳川家とは強いつながりがあった。
English: When Takasuke MITSUI, the 6th head of the Mitsui-Kita family that was the eldest son's lineage of the house of Mitsui, was invited to the Wakayama Castle town (the town developed around the Wakayama Castle) (Nishihama-goten), Harutomi painted a turtle on the tea bowl that was hand-made by Takasuke.
Japanese: 三井家の惣領の家柄である三井北家6代三井高祐が紀州和歌山城下（西浜御殿）に招かれた際には、高祐が手造りした茶碗に治宝が亀の絵を描くなどしている。
English: When the Meiji period began, people no longer took interest in tea ceremony which was dismissed as a thing of the past and, in addition, with the great patronage of the Kishu clan being lost, tea ceremony as well as the iemoto system was confronted with a life-or-death crisis.
Japanese: 明治時代になると、茶道は旧時代の遺物として全く顧みられなくなり、かつ、紀州藩の手厚い庇護もなくなり、茶道・家元制度ともに存亡の危機に立たされた。
English: In those days, those schools that were popular within the specific feudal clan structure disappeared (but they have revived like mushrooms after a rain in recent years).
Japanese: この時、家元制度をとらずに特定の藩組織の中でのみ普及していた流派は消滅した（近年、雨後の筍のように復興している）。
English: Although Omote-senke too was faced with a crisis, thanks to the iemoto system and, above all, a powerful patron the Mitsui family, it escaped hardships that Ura-senke experienced.
Japanese: 表千家も危機的状況にあったものの、家元制度をとっていたこと、そしてなにより三井家という強力なパトロンを擁していたことにより、裏千家のような辛酸は舐めずにすんだ。
English: Rokurokusai (the 11th iemoto) survived difficulties brought on by the Meiji Restoration but, in 1906, after turning the iemoto status to Seisai (the 12th iemoto), an accidental fire destroyed most of the building belonging to the iemoto.
Japanese: 11代碌々斎は明治維新の苦境をしのいだが、家元を12代惺斎に譲った後の明治39年（1906年）に、失火により家元建物をほぼ全焼している。
English: It was not until 1911 when the reconstruction was completed and, comparing to the circumstance after a great fire of Tenmei when it took one short year to the full restoration, it bespoke that the very few people supported tea ceremony world in those days.
Japanese: わずか1年で復興した天明の大火に比べると、再建に大正2年（1911年）までかかったことは、いかに茶道界に逆風が吹いていたかを示している。
English: However, the number of people who learn tea ceremony subsequently increased whereby Shofuro, an 8 tatami-mat tea room was added in 1921, which was extended by adding two 10 tatami-mat rooms in 1959.
Japanese: しかしその後は再び茶道人口が増加し、大正10年に八畳敷の松風楼、昭和34年には八畳に十畳二間が続く新席が建て増されている。
English: After World War II were the times when Omote-senke grew as a tea ceremony organization rather than its tea ceremony developing further.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後は茶道の発展というよりも、茶道組織として発展した時代である。
English: Along with Japan's high economic growth, the number of people who learned tea ceremony increased at an explosive rate but Ura-senke promoting popularization captured vast majority of the market share of the tea ceremony followers and Omote-senke consequently found themselves playing second fiddle to Ura-senke.
Japanese: 日本の高度経済成長とともに茶道人口も爆発的に増加したが、真っ先に大衆化路線を推し進めた裏千家が増加した茶道人口の大部分を占め、表千家はその後塵を拝する形となった。
English: Since the 4th iemoto Koshin succeeded to the head position in the Sen family from Sotan, Omote-senke is the head family of Senke, however, Ura-senke publicly proclaims with no hesitation that 'there is no hierarchical relation among the three Senke' at present.
Japanese: 表千家は4代江岑が宗旦から家督を継いでいるので千家の宗家（本家）であるが、今日では裏千家に「三千家に上下の区別はない」と憚りなく公言されるに至る。
English: Omote-senke founded the Omote-senke Domon-kai in 1944 (and reorganized in 1953), a lateral organization much like the Ura-senke Tanko-kai but, in terms of organization's power, it is a far cry from the Ura-senke Tanko-kai.
Japanese: 裏千家淡交会のような横組織として昭和17年（昭和28年に再編成）に表千家同門会を設立するも、現在でも組織力という点では裏千家淡交会に遠く及ばない。
English: The question is how Omote-senke will further develop in the context of the history of the tea ceremony in the future.
Japanese: 表千家としてどう発展していくのかが、茶道史の上で今後問い直されるところである。
English: Yurushijo' is a documentation to permit the holder to give lessons to that holder's students and is different from 'menjo (diploma),' 'menkyo (license)' or 'dan-I (rank)' which implies the recognition of the receiver's ability.
Japanese: 「許状」は、稽古することを許可する趣旨の書面であり、実力認定の意味合いが強い「免状」「免許」「段位」などとは性格が異なる。
English: At present, only the iemoto can initiate disciples into 'midarekazari' (one of the procedures for making tea) and beyond and it cannot be learned from instructors in town.
Japanese: 現在「乱飾」以降は家元伝授のみであり、市中で教授を受けることはできない。
English: Additionally, hereditary succession of 'shindaisu (or shinnodaisu)' is exclusive and male and female disciples can receive the yurushijo for up to 'midarekazari.'
Japanese: また「真台子」の相伝は男性に限られ、女性に与えられる許状は「乱飾」までである。
English: Although yurushijo is required as recognition of competence for the respective levels, yurushijo does not necessarily correspond to competence.
Japanese: 資格はそれぞれ得るために必要な許状ということで記したが、許状があれば資格が得られるわけではない。
English: After the passing of SEN no Rikyu, SEN no Sotan who succeeded Shoan (Rikyu's stepson) of a collateral line set up a residence in Kyoto and had his second son Soshu, third son Sosa and fourth son Soshitsu start Mushanokoji-senke, Omote-senke and Ura-senke, respectively, which marked the beginning of the three Senke but for all of the three Senke, Rikyu was defined as the first iemoto when numerating the subsequent succession of iemoto.
Japanese: 千利休の没後、傍系の少庵（後妻の連子）の後を継いだ千宗旦が京都に屋敷を構え、次男宗守・三男宗左・四男宗室にそれぞれ武者小路千家・表千家・裏千家を興させたのが三千家の始まりであるが、各家ともに家元は利休を初代として数える。
English: By tradition of Omote-senke, its iemoto takes over the real name of KOSHIN that is 'Sosa,' whereas, koshi (the successor) of iemoto is referred to as 'Soin' and the retired iemoto is referred to as 'Sotan,' the real name of GENPAKU.
Japanese: 表千家の家元は四代である江岑の諱「宗左」を受け継ぎ、家元後嗣（若宗匠）は「宗員」、隠居してからは元伯の諱「宗旦」を名乗る伝統である。
English: Yosui-en is a palace built by the lord of the Kishu clan Harutomi TOKUGAWA and a tea room used by the 9th iemoto Ryoryosai still remains on the grounds of that place.
Japanese: 養翠園は紀州藩主徳川治宝が作った御殿（西浜御殿）で、邸内には9代家元了々斎の二畳台目の茶室が遺されている。
English: Mikimachi-tana (Miki-town shelves) refers to the shelves which are considered to have been built by Sosa KOSHIN (the 4th) in the residence of Omote-senke in Miki Town, Wakayama City, using a combination of three types of wood (including Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress and fir).
Japanese: 三木町棚（みきまちたな）-和歌山市三木町にあった表千家の屋敷で4代江岑宗左が三種類の寄木（杉・檜・もみ）で作ったとされる棚。
English: Yatsuhashi is a kind of thin rice cracker that is made by baking the dough consisting of joshinko (komeko) (high-quality non-glutinous rice powder), sugar and cinnamon powder that has been rolled out thin and cut into the shape of koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings), which is a rectangle convexly curved symmetrically to the longer axis.
Japanese: 上新粉（米粉）、砂糖、ニッキ（肉桂・シナモン）の粉末を混ぜて生地を作り、薄く焼き上げたせんべいの一種で、形は箏を模しており、長軸方向が凸になった湾曲した長方形をしている。
English: Nama-yatsuhashi used to be wrapped in takegawa (husk of bamboo shoots) but, today, they are predominantly vacuum-packed to improve its shelf life.
Japanese: 昔の生八ツ橋は竹皮によって包まれていたが、現在は賞味期限を延ばすためにほとんどが真空パック詰めされている。
English: There are 2 different explanations as to where the name Yatsuhashi came from with one being 'Yatsuhashi in Mikawa Province,' where the story was set in the ninth chapter of the Tale of Ise 'Kakitsubata (water irises)' and with the other being it was made into the shape of a koto after Kengyo Yatsuhashi.
Japanese: 名前の由来は伊勢物語の九段「かきつばた」の舞台となった「三河国八ツ橋」の故事にあるという説と、八橋検校の名にちなんで箏の形を模したことに由来する説とがある。
English: "An-iri nama-yatsuhashi (nama-yatsuhashi filled with coarsely mashed sweet red beans)" has subsequently gone through numerous improvements prior to settling on the present form.
Japanese: 生八ツ橋でつぶ餡を包んだ『あん入り生八ツ橋』は、その後改良が加えられ、現在見られる生八ツ橋の形態となった。
English: According to a survey, 96% of visitors buy confectioneries as memento of their trip to Kyoto and of the 96%, the sales of yatsuhashi make up for 45.6% (24.5% for nama-yatsuhashi and 21.1% for yatsuhashi) whereby it can be said that yatsuhashi is a representative souvenir item of Kyoto.
Japanese: 統計調査によると京都観光のみやげとして菓子類を購入をする人は96%にのぼるが、そのうち八ツ橋の売上は全体の45.6%（生八ツ橋24.5%、八ツ橋21.1%）を占め、京都を代表するみやげ物と言える。
English: Nihon Buyo is Japanese translation of Japanese dance and it is a generic term for dances in Japan.
Japanese: 日本舞踊（にほんぶよう）は、Japanesedanceの和訳、つまり日本のダンスの総称である。
English: Buyo is originally a coined word created by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI and Genichiro FUKUCHI by merging two terms referring to Japanese dances 'mai (a formal traditional Japanese dance)' and 'odori (dancing or dance).'
Japanese: そもそも舞踊とは、坪内逍遥と福地源一郎による造語で、日本の伝統的なダンスである舞（まい）と踊（おどり）をくっつけたもの。
English: It has become a commonly used term after it was introduced in "Shin Gakugekiron" (New Musical Drama Theory) written by Shoyo in 1904.
Japanese: 逍遥の『新楽劇論』（明治37年）で使われてから広く用いられるようになった。
English: In recent years, as Japanese dance has gone international, the term Nihon Buyo is establishing itself in the Western countries and the Asian region.
Japanese: 近年、日本舞踊の国際化に伴い欧米諸国やアジアにもNihonBuyoという呼称が定着しつつある。
English: Mai ("まい", or "まひ" as written in old kana) refers to a performing art whereby dancers move around the stage while performing various choreographed movements including walking in suriashi (sliding steps) to the accompaniment of songs and music.
Japanese: 舞（まい、旧かな表記まひ）とは、歌や音楽に合わせて、すり足などで舞台を回るもの。
English: Odori ("おどり", or "をどり" as written in old kana) refers to a dance whereby dancers stamp their feet and moving their hands and bodies to the rhythm of the accompaniment song and music.
Japanese: 踊り（おどり、旧かな表記をどり）とは、歌や音楽に合わせて、足を踏み鳴らしリズムに乗った手振り・身振りをするもの。
English: Jusuke HANAYAGI studied under Senzo NISHIKAWA IV and played an important role as a choreographer of the Kabuki buyo.
Japanese: 花柳壽輔は4世西川扇藏に学び、歌舞伎舞踊の振付師として重きをなした。
English: The Hanayagi school initially became popular as the buyo as a culture lesson for women and young girls from ordinary families but, thanks to its strong organizational skills, it has grown to the largest school (having approximately 15,000 accredited masters or persons having a diploma to teach buyo) in Japan.
Japanese: 最初は家庭の子女の舞踊として浸透したが、今は組織力の強さで最大の流派（名取数約15000名）となっている。
English: Yoshimatsu HANAYAGI from the school of Jusuke HANAYAGI I assuming the new name of Yoshimatsu (subsequently Judo) WAKAYAGI founded the Wakayagi school in 1893.
Japanese: 初世花柳壽輔の門から出た花柳芳松が、1893年に若柳吉松(のち寿童)と改名して創始。
English: Flour, sugar, and starch syrup are mixed together, with white bean paste added to create a dough, which is poured into a pan and shaped, sprinkled with poppy seeds, and scorched at the top.
Japanese: 小麦粉、砂糖、水飴を水で混ぜて作った生地に白味噌を加え、平鍋に流しいれて形を整え、表面にケシ粒を散らして、上から天火で焼いたもの。
English: While the top is decorated with poppy seeds and browned, the reverse side of the cake is white and looks lonely; thus it was named, as a play on words, after the saying: "Wind in the pines (matsukaze) on the beach suggests loneliness."
Japanese: 表面はケシで飾られ、焼き色がついているのに、裏側は白くてさびしいことから、「浜の松風うらさびしい」と語呂合わせされ、この名がついた。
English: Many of the Misomatsukaze in Kyoto have characteristic traits such as Daitokuji natto (natto made in Daitokuji Temple) being added.
Japanese: 京都には大徳寺納豆を添えるなど特徴のある味噌松風が多く作られている。
English: It is one of the Kyoto Confectioneries, and is also sold as souvenir sweets in Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture, and Kikuchi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, and Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, among other places.
Japanese: 京菓子のひとつであり、岐阜県岐阜市、熊本県菊池市、山口県萩市などでは土産菓子としても売られている。
English: The Shinozuka school is the oldest school of "kamigata-mai dance" established by a Kamigata Kabuki (kabuki of the Kyoto and Osaka area) shosagoto (the way of dance) choreographer Bunzaburo SHINOZUKA during Bunka and Bunsei era (1804-1830) at the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 篠塚流（しのづかりゅう）とは、江戸時代の後期、文化(元号)・文政期（1804年-1830年）に、歌舞伎上方歌舞伎所作事の振付師・篠塚文三郎によって創設された上方舞最古の流派である。
English: Bunzaburo was recognized for his skill and competence by Utaemon NAKAMURA (the third), who was said to be a great actor and enjoyed high popularity at the time, and was permitted to use the name Baisen, and after that, he called the 1st Iemoto (the head family of a school) Baisen SHINOZUKA himself.
Japanese: 文三郎は、名優といわれ当時絶大な人気があった三代目中村歌右衛門から手腕と力量を認められて梅扇の名を許され、以後は初代家元・篠塚梅扇を名乗る。
English: From the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji Era, its generous way called "hannari" (chic and bright) of the Shinozuka school achieved great popularity among the machi-shu (town people) in Kyo.
Japanese: 幕末から明治初期にかけて、この篠塚流の「はんなり」とおおらかな所作が、京の町衆の間で大人気だった。
English: After the death of the Baisen SHINOZUKA (the third) in 1886, although the post for the successor Iemoto had long been vacant, many disciples supported the way of the school and it continued.
Japanese: 三世篠塚梅扇が1886年（明治19年）に死去した後、篠塚流には後継の家元が不在という状態が長く続いたが、多くの門弟によって流風は残された。
English: However, after the death of Tsurujo MIZUNO who was said to be the last "machi-shisho" (literally, master in town) of the Shinozuka school in 1946, the school was temporally discontinued.
Japanese: しかし1946年（昭和21年）に篠塚流最後の町師匠と言われた水野つる女が死去すると、篠塚流は一時断絶という局面を迎えるにいたった。
English: In 1963, an apprentice who learnt "kamigata-mai dance" mainly jiuta dancing under Tsurujo MIZUNO from his childhood, succeeded to the professional name of Baisen SHINOZUKA (the 4th) and the Iemoto, and revived the Shinozuka school.
Japanese: 1963年（昭和38年）水野つる女に幼少から師事し、地唄を主とした上方舞を学んでいた内弟子が四世篠塚梅扇を襲名して家元を継承、篠塚流を再興した。
English: In the same year, he revived 'komachi odori dance' and later, the entire school participated in 'mikoshi arai shinji (Shinto rituals to purify a portable shrine using water), omukae-chochin (a welcoming paper lantern)' of Gion Festival on July 10, every year.
Japanese: 同年、小町踊りを復活させ、以後毎年7月10日には一門で祇園祭の神輿洗い神事お迎え提灯に参加している。
English: While school members hold events such as "The gathering of Kyomai Shinozuka school" at Gion Kobu Kaburenjo Theater and Kyoto Prefectural Art Center, etc., and "The gathering to appreciate Kyo dance in a tatami room" at Rokasensui-sho Manor (Important Cultural Property) and at Noguchi-tei Estate and Sugimoto-tei Estate (Tangible Cultural Asset Designated by Kyoto City) to develop their own school, they also devoted themselves in playing an active role in the cultural field by presenting classical "Shimabara san banso" (Shimabara third boat) at Kyoto Shimabara Sumiya (Important Cultural Property).
Japanese: 祇園甲部歌舞練場、京都府立芸術会館などで、「京舞篠塚流の会」を開催したり、重要文化財・芦花浅水荘、京都市指定有形文化財・野口邸、同じく杉本邸などで「座敷で見る京舞」を開催するなど、流派の発展に尽力するかたわら、重文・京都島原角屋で『島原三番艘』を披露するなど文化面での活動にも余念がない。
English: The JAL Sound Stage Series is a concert featuring the invited top guest artists in Japan and abroad and is held at a temple among the Historical Landmark Buildings in Kyoto or Nara about every September.
Japanese: JAL音舞台シリーズ（じゃるおとぶたいしりーず）は、毎年9月頃に京都・奈良の歴史建造建物である寺院を舞台に、国内・海外の一流アーティストを招いて行われるコンサートである。
English: It is a cultural event taking place at temples, the birthplace of various Japanese culture and the symbol of Japan, which has remained a forerunner of the new culture, to present musical and innovative performances emphasizing the 'East meets West' concept and to dedicate artistic collaborations.
Japanese: 様々な日本文化の発祥の源であり、いつの時代でも新しい文化のパイオニアとしてあり続けた日本を代表する寺院に舞台を設け、「東洋と西洋の出会い」をテーマに世界中で親しまれる音楽・新しいパフォーマンスを披露し、コラボレーションを奉納する文化イベント。
English: To date, over 100 celebrated artists, who are respected worldwide, have delivered performances of artistic triumph.
Japanese: これまで世界中で高い評価を得た100人を超えたアーティストが珠玉の表現を披露している。
English: Up to the 'Horyu-ji Temple Oto-Butai' (2002) which marked the 15th concert, this event was referred to as the 'JAL Stage Special Oto-Butai (Sound Stage)' but, starting from the 16th concert 'Manpuku-ji Temple Oto-Butai' (2003), it was renamed to the present JAL Sound Stage Series.
Japanese: 第15回（2002年）の「法隆寺音舞台」までは「JALステージスペシャル音舞台」だったが、第16回（2003年）の「萬福寺音舞台」からは現在のタイトルとなる。
English: Each year, a summarized version of the event used to be simultaneously televised by the main station Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) and the network of additional 5 stations (the key JNN stations) including Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), Hokkaido Broadcasting (HBC), Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting (CBC) and RKB Mainichi Broadcasting Corporation (RKB) but starting with 'Rokuon-ji Temple Oto-Butai' in 2007, it has been broadcasted by the nationwide network of 28 Japan News Network affiliated stations.
Japanese: 例年、コンサートを要約したテレビ番組を毎日放送（MBS）をキー局に東京放送（TBS）・北海道放送（HBC）・中部日本放送（CBC）・RKB毎日放送（RKB）の計5局（JNN基幹局）ネットで一斉放送していたが、2007年の「鹿苑寺音舞台」からはJapanNewsNetwork系列28局での全国ネットとして放送された。
English: The 10th concert 'Kinkaku-ji Temple Oto-Butai' (1997) held as the 'Commemorative Concert for the 1200th Anniversary of Construction of Kitayama Palace' was highly acclaimed for its artistic achievement and was elected by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences to win an Emmy Award for the Best Achievement in Performing Arts in 1998.
Japanese: 第10回（1997年）の「金閣寺音舞台」は「北山殿創建千二百年記念」として開催し、芸術的表現が高く評価され、テレビ番組として「国際エミー賞（1998年・アメリカ合衆国テレビ科学芸術協会選出・パフォーミングアーツ部門）」に入賞。
English: The Send-off Bonfires of Five Mountains (Gozan no Okuribi) refers to the annual bonfires lit at various 5 locations including Nyoigatake (Mt. Nyoi known as Mt. Daimonji) on August 16 in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 五山送り火（ござんのおくりび）は、毎年8月16日に京都市にある如意ヶ岳（大文字山）などで行われるかがり火。
English: Many of the residents in the area around Mt. Daimonji (Mt. Nyoigatake) refer to that mountain as 'Daimonji-san' with an honorific to show their respect and to give it a distinction from other mountains from long ago.
Japanese: 大文字山（如意ケ嶽）の地元地域の人には、他山との違いと尊称の意味も含めて、古くから山そのものを「大文字さん」と呼ぶ人が多い。
English: The bonfire is also referred to as 'Daimonji yaki' which some people disapprove of as that term reminds them of the burning of Mt. Hiei by Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: なお、「大文字焼き」と呼ばれることもあるが、これが織田信長の比叡山の焼き討ちを連想させるとして、嫌う人もいる。
English: Blazing flames rising from these foregoing 5 mountains are supposed to take spirits of the departed known as 'Oshorai-san (spirit)' to the afterlife.
Japanese: 以上の五山で炎が上がり、お精霊（しょらい）さんと呼ばれる死者の霊を来世へ送り届けるとされる。
English: It is said that there used to be 10 mountains including "Ichi ('一' meaning the number 'one')" in Narutaki and "I ('い,' the 2nd letters of hiragana)" in Ichihara that organized the okuribi (ceremonial bonfire) but, since the number of the mountains decreased to the present 5 after World War 2, this name began to be used.
Japanese: かつては、鳴滝の「一」や市原の「い」など、送り火を行う山は十山あったと言われているが、戦後になって、現在の五山に減少した後に、この呼び名が生まれた。
English: With respect to the origin of okuribi, there are various theories whereby some argue that it started in the Heian Period, whereas, others argue that it started in the Edo Period, but there is no official record to substantiate the genesis of okuribi to date.
Japanese: 起源については、平安時代とも江戸時代とも言われているが、公式な記録に起源が一切伝わっておらず、諸説ある。
English: One of the theories is that Kukai burnt a Goma (holy fire) in the shape of the letter 'Dai (big),' which represents human body to drive plague off ("Topography of Yoshufushi" and "Hinami-kiji" (a guidebook of annual events in Kyoto and its surrounding area).
Japanese: 空海が、疫病退散のため、人体を表す「大」の字を書き護摩をたいた（『雍州府志』・『日次紀事（ひなみきじ）』）。
English: According to the second theory, it is said that the letter of Migi-daimonji (the right Daimonji) was designed by Yoshimasa's vassal Kamon HAGA based on the handwriting of Keisan OSEN who was a priest at Shokoku-ji Temple ("Meika Iko" (literary remains of Meika UNO) and "Topography of Sanshu-Meisekishi").
Japanese: この説では右大文字の文字は、相国寺の僧・横川景三の筆跡により、義政の臣・芳賀掃部が設計したという（『明霞遺稿』・『山州名跡志』）。
English: The writer was a court noble and calligrapher Nobutada KONOE (also known as Sanmyakuin) who was referred to as one of the three greatest penmen of the time ("Annaisha" (The Guide)).
Japanese: 当代の三筆といわれた能書家である公家・近衛信尹（このえのぶただ）（三藐院（さんみゃくいん））が筆者（『案内者』）。
English: It became popular as an event for Urabon (Feast of Lanterns) between 1530's and 1560's.
Japanese: 盂蘭盆の行事として盛んに行われるようになったのは、天文(元号)期（1532年～1554年）から永禄期（1558年～1569年）にかけてである。
English: Size: The first stroke is 80m long with 19 fire beds, the second stroke is 160m long with 29 fire beds and the third stroke is 120m long with 27 fire beds
Japanese: 大きさ：一画80m（45間・19床）、二画160m（88間・29床）、三画120m（68間・27床）
English: The cluster of summits in the area was originally referred to as 'Nyoigatake') but, today, the summit at the front on the west side (466m) where the daimonji is located is called 'Daimonji-yama' and the main highest summit (474m) is called 'Nyoigatake.'
Japanese: もともとは一帯の山塊を「如意ヶ岳」と呼んでいたが、現在は大文字がある西側の前峰（466m）を「大文字山」と呼び、最高点である主峰（474m）を「如意ヶ岳」と呼ぶ。
English: To distinguish it from 'Hidari-daimonji,' it is specifically referred to as 'Migi-daimonji' or 'Daimonji on the right.'
Japanese: 特に「左大文字」と区別するときは「右大文字」・「右の大文字」ともいう。
English: When the okuribi was suspended during the World War II, the local residents (including the pupils at Daisan Kinrin Elementary School) climbed the mountain early in the morning wearing white tops to form a human letter 'Dai' instead.
Japanese: 送り火が中止されていた第二次世界大戦中、代わりに早朝に白いシャツを着た市民（地元の第三錦林小学校の児童ら）が山に登り、人文字で「大」を描いた。
English: According to a temple's lore at Yusen-ji Temple, when the village people of Matsugasaki converted their faith to the Hokke sect, Nichizo wrote the letter 'Myo' on Nishiyama while Nichiryo who was at Daimyo-ji Temple wrote the letter 'Ho' on Higashiyama.
Japanese: 涌泉寺の寺伝によると、徳治2年（1307年）、松ヶ崎の村民が法華宗に改宗したとき、日像が西山に「妙」の字を書き、下鴨大妙寺の日良が東山に「法」の字を書いたという。
English: When facing these letters, 'Myo' is situated on the left-hand side of 'Ho' and hence it is considered that 'Myo' came into existence first.
Japanese: 「妙」「法」と、向かって左から右に書いてあるところから、「妙」が先にできたと思われる。
English: For the fire beds of 'Myo,' the responsibility is assumed by township on a rotation basis, whereas, for 'Ho,' each family is assigned to be in charge of a specific fire bed.
Japanese: 「妙」では火床の担当を町ごとに順繰りで交替するが、「法」では家ごとに担当の火床が決まっている。
English: It is said that the boat-shape originated from a fable in which, in 847, when the founder of Saiho-ji Temple Jikaku Daishi Ennin was caught in a rainstorm on his way home from Tang he chanted Myogo (the name of Buddha) saying, 'Namu Amida Budda' and was able to return to Japan safely.
Japanese: 船の形は、承和(日本)14年（847年）、唐からの帰路に暴風雨にあった、西方寺の開祖・慈覚大師円仁が「南無阿弥陀仏」と名号を唱えたところ無事到着できたという故事にちなむという。
English: Location: Ikkahyo-cho, Saga-torii-moto, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City
Japanese: 所在地：京都市右京区嵯峨鳥居本一華表町（さがとりいもといっかひょうちょう）
English: Due to pine trees with pine resin used, color of the flames is close to orange which is a little different from that of the other mountains.
Japanese: 松ヤニが入った松を使うため、火の色が他山とは少し違いオレンジに近い色になっている。
English: Unlike the other mountains, the fire beds for this bonfire are not built with trees but Taimatsu (torches) are driven directly into the ground.
Japanese: 火床は、他山と違い、木を組むのではなく、たいまつをそのまま突き立てる。
English: Among the bonfires that used to exist, there was a one with a design delineating a bamboo pole with bells at its end (which was referred to as 'bells at the tip of bamboo' or 'a pole with bells') and not a letter (at an unknown location).
Japanese: 以前あったものの中には、文字ではなく、竹竿の先に鈴をつけたような図柄のもの（「竹の先に鈴」または「竿に鈴」といわれる）ものがあった（場所は不明）。
English: Between 1943 and 1945 during the World War II, the okuribi was suspended due to various regulations including the blackout order.
Japanese: 戦時中の1943年から1945年まで灯火管制などの理由から送り火が中止された。
English: Today, fire beds are built with Oya stone, with firewood being stacked on the top of it, and the firewood is lit (except for the Torii-gata bonfire).
Japanese: 現在は大谷石で火床を作って、その上に薪などを組んで点火する（鳥居形除く）。
English: Since the Meiji era, the bonfires have been burnt several times during the season other than summer on various occasions including the event to celebrate Japan's victory.
Japanese: 明治以降、夏以外に戦勝などのイベント絡みで数回点火されたことがある。
English: In the evening of September 13, 2003, with the Hanshin Tigers (one of the professional baseball teams in Japan) winning the first league title after 18 years being imminent, a group of their fans climbed Mt. Daimonji to draw the HT logo (the Hanshin Tigers logo) by using their flashlights.
Japanese: 2003年9月13日の夜には、当時、18年ぶりのリーグ優勝目前の阪神タイガースファンが大文字山に登り、懐中電灯で阪神のHTマークを照らし出した騒ぎがあった。