nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The changes of dynasties theories were born out of criticism and doubt against the concept of the unbroken imperial line which was dominant in Japan before the World War II, in which a changes of three dynasties theory, advocated by Yu MIZUNO in 1952 for the first time, was representative.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦前まで支配的であった万世一系という概念に対する批判・懐疑から生まれたもので、昭和27年に水野祐が唱えた三王朝交替説がその最初のものでありかつ代表的なものである。
English: However, some scholars pointed out that a prior theory of dynasty by the conquering horseback races, which was announced by Namio EGAMI in 1948 and included in the change of dynasties theories in the broad sense, affected the Mizuno's theory since both focused on the imperial line starting from Emperor Sujjn.
Japanese: ただし、それに先立つ昭和23年に江上波夫が発表した騎馬民族征服王朝説も広い意味で王朝交替説であり、崇神天皇を起点とする皇統に着目している点など水野祐の説が江上波夫の説の影響を受けていることを指摘する学者もいる。
English: It is said the theory was combined various theories freely by freewheeling thinking released from the studies of ancient history suppressed before the World War II; such as it was influenced by Sokichi TSUDA on the basis of the theory of nonexistence of ancient emperors, and the theory that Emperor Nintoku, the king of Kyushu nation, conquered provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara to start a dynasty was none other than the development of the theory of the Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in Kyushu.
Japanese: また、古代天皇の非実在論に基づいている点は津田左右吉の影響を受けており、九州国家の王であった仁徳天皇が畿内を征服して王朝を開いたという説は邪馬台国九州説の発展に他ならず、戦前の抑圧された古代史研究から開放された自由な発想により様々な説を自由に組み合わせてできた学説であるといえる。
English: Later, Mizuno's changes of three dynasties theory has been reinforced or criticized by various researchers and at present even among the scholars denying the unbroken imperial line, not many think that there was dramatic change of sovereignty with the entirely different blood line as Mizuno advocated.
Japanese: 水野の三王朝交替説はその後様々な研究者により補強あるいは批判がなされていくが、現在では万世一系を否定する学者でも水野の唱えるように全く異なる血統による劇的な王権の交替があったと考えるものは多くない。
English: What Mizuno says the transfer the base of the dynasties according to times is a common example of simply moving the political center, which does not necessarily linked with the drastic change of the political power.
Japanese: 水野のいう「王朝」の拠点が時代により移動していることも政治の中心地が移動しただけで往々にして見られる例であり、必ずしも劇的な権力の交替とは結びつかないとされている。
English: In recent years the mainstream is the theory which says that the 'dynasty,' in which a specific blood line inherits great king (emperor) exclusively, established after the dynasties of Emperor Keitai and Emperor Kinmei; until then, even if great kings of several generations shared the same blood line, they were not in a form to be called 'dynasty.'
Japanese: また、近年では、ある特定の血統が大王（天皇）位を独占的に継承する「王朝」が確立するのは継体・欽明朝以降のことで、それ以前は数代の大王が血縁関係にあっても「王朝」と呼べる形態になっていなかったとする見解が主流になっている。
English: In the early Showa period (before the World War II) Sokichi TSUDA was convicted for expressing that Kojiki and Nihon Shoki ("A Record of Ancient Matters" and "The Chronicles of Japan") were compiled by a highly political reason to raise the legitimacy of the Imperial family, the ruler of Japan.
Japanese: 昭和初期（戦前）、津田左右吉は記紀が天皇家の日本統治の正当性を高めるために高度な政治的な理由で編纂されたとの意見を表現し、有罪判決を受けた。
English: However, times changed; Japan was defeated in the war and people were able to criticize Kojiki and Nihon Shoki after the war.
Japanese: しかし、時代はかわり、日本は戦争に敗れ、戦後となると記紀批判が行えるようになった。
English: In such circumstances, Yu MIZUNO published "Zotei Nihon Kodai Ochoshi Ron Josetsu" (Revised Introduction to the Theory on the History of Ancient Dynasties in Japan) in 1954.
Japanese: そのような事情のなかで、昭和29年（1954年）、水野祐が『増訂日本古代王朝史論序説』を発表。
English: In this book, MIZUNO, by analyzing description of the Kojiki (including the Oriental zodiac signs of the years an emperor died and okurina [the honorary name given to an emperor after his death]), came up with a sensitively exciting hypothesis that three dynasties in different blood lines such as old, middle, and new, were changed from Emperor Sujin to Empress Suiko, which could turn over the concept of the unbroken imperial line.
Japanese: この著書で水野は、古事記の記載（天皇の没した年の干支や天皇の諡など）を分析した結果、崇神から推古に至る天皇がそれぞれ血統の異なる古・中・新の3王朝が交替していたのではないかとする説を立てたが、これは皇統の万世一系という概念を覆す可能性のある繊細かつ大胆な仮説であった。
English: In the Kojiki, Mizuno focusing on that the Oriental zodiac signs of the year that emperor died were written for 15 emperors, short of half among the 33 emperors from Emperor Jinmu to Empress Suiko, pointed out the 18 rest emperors might not exist (fictional emperors).
Japanese: 水野は、古事記で没した年の干支が記載されている天皇は、神武天皇から推古天皇までの33代の天皇のうち、半数に満たない15代であることに注目し、その他の18代は実在しなかった（創作された架空の天皇である）可能性を指摘した。
English: And he made a new Imperial lineage centering on the emperors of 15 generations and developed his discussion.
Japanese: そして、15代の天皇を軸とする天皇系譜を新たに作成して考察を展開した。
English: According to the hypothesis, in matching the numbers of the emperors with those in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, there were rise and fall of three dynasties of which the 10th Emperor Sujin, the 16th Nintoku, and the 26th Keitai were as the first emperor respectively.
Japanese: 仮説では、記紀の天皇の代数の表記に合わせると、第10代の崇神天皇、第16代の仁徳天皇、第26代の継体天皇を初代とする3王朝の興廃があったとされる。
English: Three dynasties such as Sujin Dynasty, Nintoku Dynasty, and Keitai Dynasty existed and current Imperial Family is considered to be the descendant of the Keitai Dynasty.
Japanese: 崇神王朝、仁徳王朝、継体王朝の3王朝が存在し、現天皇家は継体王朝の末裔とされている。
English: Later a theory, which developed Mizuno's theory critically, was brought forth in the academic community of the studies of ancient history.
Japanese: 水野の学説を批判的に発展させた学説がその後、古代史学の学界で発表されたのである。
English: Starting from "Nihon Kokka no Kigen" (The Origin of Japan as a Nation) by Mitsusada INOUE (1960, Iwanami Shisho), theories were published by experts in the ancient historical science such as Kojiro NAOKI, Seiji OKADA, and Masaaki UEDA then the changes of dynasties theory came to the front in the academic community.
Japanese: 井上光貞の著書『日本国家の起源』（1960年、岩波新書）を皮切りに、直木孝次郎、岡田精司、上田正昭など、古代史学のエキスパートによって学説が発表され、王朝交替説は学界で大きくクローズアップされるようになった。
English: In his 'Kodai Kokkashi Kenkyu no Ayumi' (The Development in the Studies of the Ancient History) Yasutami SUZUKI, who organized theories concerning the ancient history, valued the changes of dynasties theory changes as 'the greatest theory after the World War II in the study of the ancient history.'
Japanese: 古代史の学説を整理した鈴木靖民も王朝交替論は「古代史研究で戦後最大の学説」と著書『古代国家史研究の歩み』で評価している。
English: Ryoichi MAENOSO, who totally criticized on the changes of dynasties theory, also evaluated the value of negating the unbroken imperial line in his book "Kodai Ocho Kotaisetsu Hihan" (Criticism of the Theory on the Changes of Dynasties in the Ancient Times).
Japanese: また、王朝交替説に対して全面的に批判を展開した前之園亮一も著書『古代王朝交替説批判』のなかで、万世一系の否定に果たした意義を評価している。
English: The three dynasties of Sujin, Nintoku, and Keitai were possibly existed as previously mentioned, and details are described follows.
Japanese: 崇神王朝、仁徳王朝、継体王朝の3王朝が存在した可能性は上記で記したとおりだが、それらについて詳しく述べる。
English: Sujin Dynasty is supposed have headquarters in Miwa region (the foot of Mt. Miwa) in Yamato and it is also called Miwa Dynasty.
Japanese: 崇神王朝は大和の三輪地方（三輪山麓）に本拠をおいたと推測され三輪王朝ともよばれている。
English: Since many of the emperors and the imperial family belonging to this dynasty have the name with 'iri' such as 'Irihiko' and 'Irihime,' it is also called as 'Iri Dynasty.'
Japanese: この王朝に属する天皇や皇族に「イリヒコ」「イリヒメ」など「イリ」のつく名称をもつ者が多いことから「イリ王朝」とよばれることもある。
English: This name is limited to this period of time and it is not regarded as the Japanese-style okurina (the posthumous title given after the death of the person in question).
Japanese: この名称はこの時期に限られており、後代に贈られた和風諡号とは考えられない。
English: The name of Sujin was Mimaki Irihiko Inie and that of Suinin was Ikume Irihiko Isachi.
Japanese: 崇神の名はミマキイリヒコイニエ、垂仁の名はイクメイリヒコイサチである。
English: Furthermore according to the "Kojiki" and the "Nihon Shoki," the capitals of these kings overlap with a region with previously-mentioned kofun, the regime started with Emperor Sujin is estimated to have been established centering on this region and can be called as the Miwa Regime.
Japanese: さらに、これらの王たちの宮（都）は『記紀』によれば、先に挙げた大古墳のある地域と重なっていることを考え合わせると、崇神に始まる政権はこの地域を中心に成立した推測でき、三輪政権と呼ぶことができる。
English: From the viewpoint of the formation of the ancient state of Japan, the Miwa Regime can be thought to be the first Yamato Administration.
Japanese: 日本古代国家の形成という視点から三輪政権は、初期大和政権と捉えることができる。
English: The date this regime formed is thought to be about the middle of the third century or the end of the fourth century.
Japanese: この政権の成立年代は3世紀中葉か末ないし4世紀前半と推測されている。
English: The nature of the regime is considered not like that of the magical regime of Yamatai-koku Kingdom with Queen Himiko who 'used the art of shaman and often misled the people,' but more powerful government remaining the religious nature.
Japanese: 政権の性格は、「鬼道を事とし、能く衆を惑わす」卑弥呼を女王とする邪馬台国の呪術的政権ではなく、宗教的性格は残しながらもより権力的な政権であったと考えられている。
English: Ojin Dynasty was also called as Kawachi Dynasty since many imperial palaces and the mausoleums of the emperors were built in Kawachi area.
Japanese: 応神王朝は天皇の宮と御陵が河内に多いことから河内王朝ともよばれている。
English: It was also called 'Wake Dynasty' since many emperors and imperial family belonging with this dynasty had 'wake' in their names.
Japanese: この王朝に属する天皇や皇族に「ワケ」のつく名称をもつ者が多いことから「ワケ王朝」とよばれることもある。
English: The reason lies in that Kawachi Dynasty existed in the position to connect two dynasties of the former and latter.
Japanese: その理由は、前後の二つの王朝を結ぶ位置に河内王朝が存在するからである。
English: Yu MIZUNO called this dynasty the Middle Dynasty which was generally called the first Yamato Administration, the second Yamato Administration and so on.
Japanese: 水野祐は中王朝と呼称し、一般に初期大和政権、第2次大和政権などと呼ばれる王朝である。
English: In this view advocating that from the legendary birth of Emperor Ojin, Emperor Ojin who was originally the same person as Emperor Nintoku was created dividing from Emperor Nintoku to connect Miwa Dynasty and Kawachi Dynasty, this dynasty is called Nintoku Dynasty.
Japanese: 応神天皇の出生が伝説的であることから、応神天皇と仁徳天皇は本来同一の人格であったものが三輪王朝と河内王朝を結びつけるために二つに分離されて応神天皇が作り出されたとする説で、この場合王朝は仁徳王朝とよばれる。
English: The collateral evidence of the article in Sosho (the history books of Liu Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties of China compiled in 488) that the five kings of Wa (ancient Japan) sent envoys 10 times to Chinashows the five kings of Wa could be little doubt of being great kings of Kawachi Dynasty (Ojin Dynasty), while various theories are concerning the identification of each king, it is very likely that the whole dynasty existed.
Japanese: 河内王朝（応神王朝）は、宋書に倭の五王が10回にわたり遣使したという記事があり、それが傍証となり、倭の五王が河内王朝の大王であったことはほぼ間違いないとされることから、個々の大王に関しての比定は諸説あるとしても、王朝全体の実在の可能性は高い。
English: In addition, following facts show that a base of the powerful political power was placed in Osaka Plain during Kawachi Dynasty; the current existence of huge keyhole-shaped mounds such as Konda Gobyoyama-kofun Tumulus (the mausoleum of Emperor Ojin) in Furuichi-kofun Tumulus Clusters in Kawachi and Daisenryo-kofun Tumulus (the mausoleum of Emperor Nintoku) in Mozu-kofun Tumulus Clusters in Izumi, and the capitals each established in Kawachi or Izumi in Osaka Plain, such as the Osumi no Miya (Palace) of the 15th Ojin in Naniwa, the Takatsu no Miya of the 16th Nintoku in Naniwa, and the 18th Hanzei in Shibagaki in Tajihi (Matsubara City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: また、大阪平野には、河内の古市墳群にある誉田御廟山古墳（応神天皇陵）や和泉の百舌鳥古墳群にある大仙陵古墳（仁徳天皇陵）など巨大な前方後円墳が現存することや、15代応神は難波の大隅宮に、16代仁徳は難波の高津宮に、18代反正は丹比（大阪府松原市）柴垣に、それぞれ大阪平野の河内や和泉に都が設置されていることなどから、河内王朝時代に大阪平野に強大な政治権力の拠点があったことがわる。
English: It is certain that based in Kawachi, it built a port in Kawachi-wan bay, maintained the Suigun Navy, and controlled of the Seto Inland Sea.
Japanese: 河内に本拠地を置き、河内湾に港を築き、水軍を養い、瀬戸内海の制海権を握っていたことは確かである。
English: This government was a maritime state connecting to Asia having superior seamanship such as sending envoys to Sung Dynasty and sail to Korean Peninsula.
Japanese: また、たびたび宋へ遣使を行い、朝鮮半島への外征も行うなど航海術に関しても優れたものを持ち、アジアへとつながる海洋国家であったことがわかる。
English: According to Kadowaki, the development of the Kawachi Plain was not the establishment of a new dynasty but the advance by the first Yamato Administration to the Kawachi region.
Japanese: 門脇は河内平野の開発は新王朝の樹立などではなく、初期大和政権の河内地方への進出であったとする。
English: In the Kawachi Dynasty Theory, there are different opinions as follows: One by Kojiro NAOKI and Seiji OKADA that a Kawachi power which controlled the Seto Inland Sea to enlarge its power conflicted and overthrew the first Yamato Administration, another by Masaaki UEDA that after the fall of the Miwa Dynasty (Sujin Dynasty) it was succeeded by Kawachi Dynasty (Ojin Dynasty), and the other by Mizuno and Inoue that a Kyushu power invaded to the area surrounding Kyoto and Nara as conquerors during the reign of Emperor Ojin or Emperor Nintoku.
Japanese: また、河内王朝説でも直木孝次郎、岡田精司の瀬戸内海の制海権を握って勢力を強大化させた河内の勢力が初期大和政権と対立し、それを打倒したとする説や上田正昭の三輪王朝（崇神王朝）が滅んで河内王朝（応神王朝）に受け継がれたとする説と、水野、井上の九州の勢力が応神天皇または仁徳天皇の時代に征服者として畿内に侵攻したとする説とがある。
English: The Emperor Keitai is considered to be the fifth descendant of Emperor Ojin, but the decision is divided whether this is a fact or not.
Japanese: 継体天皇は応神天皇5代の末裔とされているが、これが事実かどうかは判断がわかれている。
English: Many scholars took that even if Emperor Keitai was in fact the fifth descendant from Emperor Ojin, in view of the notion of dynasty in European sense, it was really a separate dynasty and independent of the theory on the changes of dynasties there was change in the imperial line from Emperor Keitai.
Japanese: なお、継体天皇が事実応神天皇の5代の末裔であったとしても、ヨーロッパ的な王朝の概念からみればこれは立派な別王朝であり、王朝交替説とは関わりなく継体天皇をもって皇統に変更があったとみなす学者は多い。
English: However, some scholars think that it is questionable to think that Keitai dynasty as a separate 'dynasty' because at the enthronement of Emperor Keitai he inherited the form of government as it was from the previous government, and in the blood line, he inherited the imperial throne as a man whose wife was a princess of the previous great kings family and became irimuko (man who takes his wife's premarital family name).
Japanese: ただし、継体天皇の即位に当たっては前政権の支配機構をそっくりそのまま受け継いでいること、また血統の点でも前の大王家の皇女を妻として入り婿の形で皇位を継承していることなどから、これを「王朝」として区別できるかどうか疑問とする考え方もある。
English: It was the theory advocated by Kensaburo TORIGOE that Emperor Jinmu and so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight undocumented Sovereigns), who were denied the existence in the changes of the three dynasties theory, were actual persons and they set the base on Katsuragi region in Nara Prefecture before the reign of Emperor Sujin who destroyed the dynasty.
Japanese: 鳥越憲三郎が唱えた説で、三王朝交替説では実在を否定されている神武天皇及びいわゆる欠史八代の天皇は実在した天皇であり、崇神王朝以前に存在した奈良県葛城地方を拠点とした王朝であったが崇神王朝に滅ぼされたとする説。
English: It is thought that strong Kawachi Dynasty were built by holding the maritime power of the Seto Inland Sea and having the cooperation of the Katsuragi clan, an influential local ruling family in the southeast part of Nara basin.
Japanese: 河内王朝は、瀬戸内海の海上権を握ったことと奈良盆地東南部の有力豪族葛城氏の協力を得たことが強大な河内王朝をつくったと考えられる。
English: Emperor Nintoku married Iwa no Hime, the daughter of KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko, as his wife to have three later emperors such as Richu, Hanzei, and Ingyo.
Japanese: 仁徳は葛城襲津彦（そつひこ）の娘盤之媛（いわのひめ）を皇后に立て、のちの履中、反正、允恭などの3天皇を産んでいる。
English: Emperor Richu married Kurohime, the grandchild of Sotsuhiko, as his wife to have ICHIBE no Oshiwa no Miko who married Haehime, the great-grandchild of Sotsuhiko, as his wife to have the later two emperors, Kenzo and Ninken.
Japanese: また、履中は襲津彦の孫黒姫を后とし市辺押盤皇子を産み、その皇子は襲津彦の曾孫に当たる?媛（はえひめ）を后としてのちの顕宗、仁賢の2天皇を産んでいる。
English: Furthermore, there is a legend in which Emperor Nintoku married Karahime, the daughter of KATSURAGI no Tsubura no Omi as his wife to have later Emperor Seinei.
Japanese: さらに、仁徳は葛城円大臣の娘韓姫（からひめ）を后としてのちの清寧天皇を産むという所伝もある。
English: It can be said that there was a close relationship between the Katsuragi clan and Kawachi Dynasty, independent of these descriptions in the "Kojiki" and the "Nihon Shoki" are historical facts.
Japanese: こうした『記紀』などの記述から史実かどうかは別にしても葛城氏が河内王朝と密接な関係があったといえる。
English: This is the theory advocated by Namio EGAMI that in the end of the fourth century, hunting horseback races came from the Continent to Osaka Plain through Northern Kyushu and conquered the dynasty existed to establish a new dynasty.
Japanese: 江上波夫が唱えた説で、大陸の狩猟騎馬民族が北九州を経由して4世紀末頃大阪平野に上陸し、征服国家を打ち立てたとする。
English: "Sanshi Incident" refers to the murder of a prefectural government official that occurred in Okinawa Prefecture in the early Meiji period.
Japanese: サンシー事件（サンシーじけん）は、明治初期の沖縄県で起きた、県役人殺害事件をいう。
English: In April 1879, Japan abolished the Ryukyu Kingdom and established Okinawa Prefecture.
Japanese: 1879年（明治12年）4月、日本は琉球王国を廃止し、沖縄県を設置した。
English: Shortly afterwards, 20 police officers came from Shuri to Miyako Island, visited the island office 'Zaiban kaiya' and informed the representative of Zaiban, 仲村親雲朝諒, of the following.
Japanese: ほどなくして、宮古島に首里から20名の警官が来島し、旧王朝以来の島役場「在番仮屋」を訪れて、在番代表の仲村親雲朝諒に、以下のように伝達した。
English: Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) will be implemented, 'Ryukyu Domain' will be abolished, and 'Okinawa Prefecture' with a prefectural governor from Japan as an administrative ruler will be established.'
Japanese: 「廃藩置県を行ない、旧国王尚泰の支配する「琉球藩」を廃したうえ、日本から送る県令を執政官とする「沖縄県」を設ける。」
English: Kashira (officials equivalent to the current middle-level managers) or lower will be reappointed.
Japanese: 「頭（かしら。今日の中間管理職程度の役職）以下は再任することになった。」
English: However, all officials lower than Kashira did not go to work by saying that 'I am sick' or 'I am not good enough.'
Japanese: しかし頭以下の者は「病気である」とか「その器ではない」などと申し出て、全員出仕を拒否してしまった。
English: Before their arrival, Ofu (royal government) gave a command to each area not to obey the Okinawa Prefectural Government, and in Miyako-jima Island, the former officials including Nakamura, Bechin YOHANA and 亀川恵備 made a covenant following this command.
Japanese: これより前、王府から沖縄県庁に対する不服従の指令を各地に発しており、ここ宮古島でも、仲村、与那覇親雲上、亀川恵備ら旧吏を中心に盟約を作り上げた。
English: They wrote a letter with all islanders' signs and sealed it with their blood, regardless of Shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) or Heimin (commoner).
Japanese: 士族であるか平民であるかを問わず島民全てみな署名血判して書状を作成していた。
English: This letter also stipulated that a person who breaks this promise should be behead and his/her family should be deported.
Japanese: 条文にはさらに違約したときは当人を断頭に処し、親族を「所払ヒ」（流刑）にすることも付け加えられた。
English: Later, Zaiban kaiya was abolished and the 'branch station of Okinawa Prefectural Police' was established, where a 25 year-old young man, Risha SHIMOJI who lived in Shimozato Village on the island, was hired on July 8 of the same year as a translator as well as an office boy and worked for the government officials.
Japanese: やがて在番仮屋が廃されて、「沖縄県警部派出所」が設けられたが、島内の下里村在住の士族、下地利社（しもじりしゃ）という25歳の若者が、同年7月8日、この派出所に通訳兼雑用人として採用され、県官吏の傭人として働くようになった。
English: The islanders immediately deported the parents and brother of Shimoji who broke the covenant, to Irabu Island.
Japanese: 島民はただちに盟約を破った下地の両親と弟を、約定に従い伊良部島へ所払ヒにした。
English: They also wanted to punish Shimoji himself, but could not do it since he was working at the police station.
Japanese: さらに下地本人にも制裁を加えようとしたが、勤務先が警察関係だけに実行に移すことができなかった。
English: There was a public water place with a natural spring well, called 'Aiyaka' in the island.
Japanese: ところで島には「藍屋井（アイヤカー）」という、天然泉井を利用した共同水汲み場があった。
English: Around the time when Shimoji was just hired at the police station, the wife of Matsu KANESHIRO living in Nishinakasone of the island happened to encounter Shimoji at Aiyaka while she was telling other lady that 'Shimoji should be killed'.
Japanese: 下地が派出所に採用されてからさして日を経ないころ、島内の西仲宗根に住む金城松という者の妻が、藍屋井で他の婦女と「下地は殺されねばならん」などと噂をしていたところ、水汲みに来た下地と出くわしてしまった。
English: When this story was spread to the island, with people who were Shizoku and also former officials, such as Shoko OKUHIRA in the lead, 1200 islanders with a wood stick, an oar or a blunt instrument for daily use in their hand, went to the police station whistling, blowing a trumpet shell or yelling, and they pressured the police station to 'hand over Shimoji' by surrounding the police station and throwing stones.
Japanese: この話が島に広まると、同年7月22日、下里村の士族にして、以前は「下地頭」という旧吏でもあった奥平昌綱ら数名に率いられた島民約1,200名は、ある者は木棒、またある者は櫂、日用品の鈍器などまで手にして、口笛・法螺貝等を吹き鳴らしながら罵声を轟かせて派出所前に押し寄せ、四囲を取り囲んで投石を繰り返し、「下地を引き渡せっ」と迫った。
English: Prefectural officials hid Shimoji in the attic and fought back with swords, but they were hopelessly outnumbered, and thus the islanders caught Shimoji and dragged him through more than 10 towns.
Japanese: 県吏は下地を屋根裏に隠し、抜刀して対抗したが衆寡敵せず、群衆は下地を引き出すと、十数町もズルズルと引きずり回した。
English: When they arrived at a vacant lot in the southern part of Shimozato Village, Okuhira and others suggested that they should behead Shimoji according to the covenant, and tied him onto a big tree.
Japanese: 下里村の南方にある空き地にたどり着いたとき、奥平らが主唱して、盟約どおりに頭部を切断しようと巨木に縛めた。
English: The person who started it was not known, but then the islanders started hitting Shimoji who could not move, with their hands and weapons, and he died when a person called 'Shiranui' from Higashinakasone Village hit him.
Japanese: すると誰が始めたかわからないが、おのおの凶器や素手で、動けぬ下地を散々になぶりはじめ、東仲宗根村の「不知畩（しらぬい）」という者が打擲した時、遂に息絶えてしまった。
English: Around that time, a police inspector 安楽権中 was patrolling the islands on a steam ship and was about to enter the Chosui Harbor of Miyako-jima Island, however, an islander who had observed the huge disturbance informed the police inspector about the incident, and thus he turned around and headed to Naha to report the abnormal situation of Miyako.
Japanese: そのころ県内各島を巡回中であった警部安楽権中を乗せた汽船が、島の漲水港に入港するところであったが、大騒擾を傍観していた島民から事情を聞くと、踵を返して那覇市へ戻り、宮古の異状を伝えた。
English: Yasutaka SONODA, second-class chief inspector at Okinawa Prefectural Police immediately sent three police inspectors and 45 patrol officers to the island.
Japanese: 沖縄県警察部の園田安賢二等警視補は、3名の警部と巡査45人とともに島に急行。
English: They dissolved the criminals who 'were armed with bamboo saws and pullulated at the top of the mountain near Zaiban office,' and then started asking former officials about the situation.
Japanese: 「竹鋸等を相携え、在番所近傍の山上に群れ集っていた」兇徒を散消させ、その日から旧吏員らに事情を聞き始めた。
English: They found out about the covenant as well as the important persons of the former dynasty who were involved in it, and thus they reported the Prefectural Government about it and started conducting severe interrogations.
Japanese: すると先の「盟約」やそれに関連する旧王朝要人の存在などが明るみに出たので、県庁に仔細報告の上、厳しい取調べを始めた。
English: On August 2 of the same year, the initiators including Shoko OKUHIRA were captured and sent to Naha, and they were sentenced to five years in prison.
Japanese: 同年8月2日、首謀者・奥平昌綱は捕らえられ、那覇に送られて県庁で懲役5年を申し渡された。
English: Six people including Heimin Kesa and Shizoku were also imprisoned for one to five years, but none were sentenced to death.
Japanese: 平民計佐（ケーサ）と士族6名も1～5年の懲役刑に処せられたが、死罪者はなかった。
English: Shimoji's corpse was taken by the officers of the police station, and was reburied in the temple in Naha with the burial fee, 25 yen and the survivor's benefit, 90 yen, which was given by the government due to the request of Okinawa Prefecture.
Japanese: 下地の亡骸は、派出所警官が引き上げ、県が嘆願して政府から下賜された埋葬料25円、遺族扶助料90円をもって那覇の寺院に改葬された。
English: In 1921, his brother, 下地利及, transferred his body and reburied it in his family grave in Miyakojima, and then built a gravestone by his birthplace.
Japanese: さらに1921年（大正10年）、弟である下地利及は、移送して宮古島の一族の墓に再葬し、生家脇に事件を記した墓碑を立てた。
English: The neighbors came to ask him about the details of the incident, but they said that he did nothing but weep without any response.
Japanese: 周辺の者が事件の詳細を尋ねてきたが、彼はただ泣くだけで何も答えなかったという。
English: The gravestone survived even during the war, and it remains in Nishinakasone, Miyakojima City, as a city designated historic site.
Japanese: 墓碑は戦災にも耐え、宮古島市西仲宗根の地に市指定史跡として現在も残っている。
English: The "Jozenkidan" tells that the Battle of Matsukawa broke out in April, 1601, whereas the "Kaisei Mikawago Fudoki", the "Togoku Taiheiki," and the "Aizujin Monogatari" clearly tell that it occurred on April 26, 1601.
Japanese: 松川合戦の時期は、『常山紀談』には慶長6年4月、『改正三河後風土記』『東国太平記』『会津陣物語』には、慶長6年4月26日と明確に記載されている。
English: However, the Date family has kept Masamune DATE's letter to Saemon NAKAJIMA (中嶋左衛門) dated October 6, 1600, Masamune's letters to Sokun IMAI dated October 14 and 19, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's letter to Masamune DATE dated October 24 to praise him for his distinguished military act and therefore, there is no doubt that any battle took place on October 6, 1600.
Japanese: しかし、伊達家には慶長5年（1600年）10月6日付中嶋左衛門宛伊達政宗書状、10月14日、10月19日付今井宗薫宛政宗書状、その戦功を賞する返書として10月24日付伊達政宗宛徳川家康書状が残されており、慶長5年10月6日に何らかの戦闘行為が行われたのは間違いないであろう。