nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: While Naikaku-shokken gave a strong power to the Prime Minister as a leader (shuhan (the head)) of the cabinet, the Cabinet Organization Order conformed the Prime Minister to Ministers of State, making the power of the Prime Minister weaken.
Japanese: 内閣職権において内閣総理大臣は内閣の統率者（首班）としており総理大臣に強い権限が与えられたのに対し内閣官制では内閣総理大臣は他の国務大臣と同等なものとなり総理大臣の権限は弱められた。
English: It has been said that this was due to adapting the power of the Prime Minister to Article fifty five of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, "Each Minister of State shall make advices to the Emperor with full responsibility of the results and fulfill its duties."
Japanese: これは帝国憲法第五十五条の〝國務各大臣ハ天皇ヲ輔弼シ其ノ責ニ任ス〟に合わせるためだといわれる。
English: Article1: The Cabinet shall be placed under direct control of the Emperor and shall be the place where the Ministers of State fulfill their duty to make advices to the Emperor with respect to the implementation of prerogative.
Japanese: 第一條　内閣天皇ノ直轄ニ屬シ大權ノ施行ニ關シ國務大臣輔弼ノ任ヲ致ス所トス
English: Article 2: The Prime Minister shall be the head of the Cabinet and indicate the political direction on behalf of the Emperor after informing the Emperor of important political affairs.
Japanese: 第二條　内閣總理大臣ハ内閣ノ首班トシ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承テ大政ノ方向ヲ指示スヘシ
English: Article 4: The Prime minister shall preside over the entire administration and call for the explanation of the performance of each ministry to review it.
Japanese: 第四條　内閣總理大臣ハ行政全部ヲ統督シ各部ノ成績ニ付説明ヲ求メ及ヒ之ヲ檢明スルコトヲ得
English: Article 5: Law and imperial edict shall be countersigned by the Prime Minister, and other regulations belonging to administrative affairs of each ministry shall be countersigned by the Prime Minister and the Minister in charge.
Japanese: 第五條　凢ソ法律勅令ニハ内閣總理大臣之ニ副署シ、其各省主任ノ事務ニ屬スルモノハ内閣總理大臣及主任大臣之ニ副署スヘシ
English: Article 6: The appointment and dismissal of each Minister of State shall be stated by the Prime Minister to the Emperor, and the appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister shall be informed by the head of the Minister of State.
Japanese: 第六條　各國務大臣ノ任免ハ内閣總理大臣之ヲ奏宣シ、内閣總理大臣ノ任免ハ首席國務大臣之ヲ奏宣ス
English: Article7: In case that a Minister of State has an accident, other Minister shall manage administrative affairs under temporary order.
Japanese: 第七條　各大臣事故アルトキハ臨時命ヲ承ケテ他ノ大臣其事務ヲ管理スルコトアルヘシ
English: It is known that Japanese constitutionalism before the war was modeled after the German system (former Prussia).
Japanese: 戦前の日本の立憲制がドイツ（かつてのプロシア王国）の制度を模範とした事は知られている。
English: However, it has been said that Naikaku-shokken was not based on the cabinet system of German Empire of the time but based on the "Hardenberg governmental regulation" (the governmental regulation in Prussia in 1810) that was affected by the British parliamentary cabinet system.
Japanese: しかし、内閣職権は当時のドイツ帝国の内閣制度ではなく、イギリスの議院内閣制の影響も含まれた「ハルデンベルグ官制」（1810年のプロシアの官制）をモデルにしたとされている。
English: This was a last-ditch measure to realize both establishing the Emperor's authority and preventing the Emperor from directly engaging in the politics.
Japanese: これは、天皇の権威の確立と政治への直接関与の阻止という両方を実現するための苦肉の策でもあった。
English: This was because there was the following dilemma behind this background; while the British parliamentary cabinet system itself demanded by the group of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was denied and the absolutization of the Emperor's power was aimed, the direct introduction of the German Empire's system could lead to 'the direct rule by the emperor,' which was demanded by the conservatives in the Imperial Court who had gained the confidence of the Emperor Meiji at the time, because the authorization of the Emperor under the German Empire's system was so strong.
Japanese: なぜなら、自由民権派が求めるようなイギリスの議院内閣制そのものは否定して天皇の権威の絶対化を目指すものの、同時にドイツ帝国の体制は皇帝の権限が強すぎるためにそのまま導入した場合、当時明治天皇からの信任が厚かった宮中保守派（中正派）が求める「天皇親政」への道を開き兼ねないとというジレンマがあったからである。
English: Kugen refers to a kind of certificate issued in the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes to give a privilege to specific persons.
Japanese: 公験（くげん）とは、律令国家が特定の人物に特権を認める際に出した証明書の一種のこと。
English: A legal certificate issued by the state or its subordinate organization for development, trade, transfer, loss, donation and inheritance of the private land or property.
Japanese: 私有の土地や財産などの造成・売買・譲与・紛失・寄進・相続に際して国家やその下部機関が発給した法的な証明書。
English: When any change accompanied by legal effect occurred, the party submitted gejo (a form of letter used by lower-class people to make a suggestion to higher ranking people) to kyoshiki (the Capital Bureau) or kokushi (provincial governor) (through Gunji [local magistrates], in many cases), and it was given kohan (公判) by kyoshiki or kokushi to certify it as kugen.
Japanese: 法的効力の伴う変動の発生に際して当事者が解状を京職または国司（郡司を経由することが多い）提出し、京職・国司がこれに公判を加えることで公験として認められた。
English: Accordingly, the form pursuant to kushikiyomonjo (documents prescribed in Kushiki-ryo [ritsuryo law] in the ritsuryo system) came to be used (because gejo was taking the form of ge [the prescribed form for a written statement submitted to superior government office] of kushiki-ryo).
Japanese: 従って、公式様文書に准じた書式が用いられることになる（解状が公式令の解の書式に則っていたため）。
English: If the object of change had already been provided with kugen, it was compulsory to attach the kugen to gejo, and in the case of loss, a prompt notification to governmental official in charge of issuance of kugen was required to be supplied a certificate confirming the loss.
Japanese: また、既存の公験が存在する事物の変動に際しては、その公験を解状に添える義務があり、紛失時には速やかに公験発給官司への届出を行い公験紛失状の発給を受けるものとされた。
English: Particularly, kugen on the ownership of land was called honkugen or konponkugen.
Japanese: 特に土地に所有権に関する公験は本公験（ほんくげん）・根本公験（こんぽんくげん）と呼ばれた。
English: For suit, submission of kugen was required, and kugen was taken as the most important evidence.
Japanese: 訴訟の際には公験の提出が求められ、公験が最も重要な証拠として取り上げられていた。
English: After the mid Heian period, the form of kugen changed because the kushikiyomonjo faded out with the demise of ritsuryo system.
Japanese: 平安時代中期以後、律令制の解体とともに公式様文書が作成されなくなると、公験の書式も変化を見せた。
English: Rinji (the Emperor's command), inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor), kansenji (a government edict) and kudashibumi (document issued by a superior or office) issued by the Imperial Court, government official and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and moshijo (a document format for communicating something from a lower person to an upper person) to which gedaiando (an approval of landowner written in the margin of the document submitted) was written in, were used in place of kugen, and 'kugen' began to refer to all of those.
Japanese: 朝廷や官司・幕府が発給した綸旨・院宣・官宣旨・下文や外題安堵を加えた申状などが公験の替わりに用いられ、それらを指して「公験」と呼ぶようになった。
English: Those guaranteed various properties and rights of people of all ranks from influential people to ordinary people.
Japanese: これらは諸権門をはじめ一般の人々に至るまで各階層の多種多様な財産・権利の保証を効力を有していた。
English: Furthermore, certificates by lords of the manor or local magnates and documents related to property and right also began to be called kugen.
Japanese: 更に荘園領主や現地の有力者による証明書も財産・権利関係の文書も公験と呼ばれるようになった。
English: Kugen were considered to be valid evidence with a recognized legal effect guaranteeing the ownership right to assets, including land; therefore, they were remained valid across generations, and were passed on when any legal changes occurred.
Japanese: 公験は所有権をはじめとした財産や権利を保証する法的な効力が認められる有力な証明とされていたことから、代を重ねた保証され、法的変動の際には同時に公験も譲渡された。
English: Accordingly, one of the principles in lawsuits was that only the transference of a kugen could legally confirm the transfer of an ownership right through assignment or sale.
Japanese: そのため、公験の移動をもって譲渡や売買による権利の移動が認められるとするのが、訴訟における原則の1つであった。
English: Kugen was issued by the Imperial Court as a certificate that was given to the Buddhist monks and nuns officially approved by the state when they received doen (identification of monk or nun).
Japanese: 仏教の僧尼が度縁を得る際に国家が認めた正式な僧侶であることを認める証明書として公験が朝廷より出された。
English: After Jianzhen introduced religious precept to establish the kaicho (Certificates of Reception of Buddhist Commandments) system, the meaning of the term was limited to the certificate for the long-term trip for ascetic practices and so on.
Japanese: 鑑真が戒律を伝えて戒牒制度が整えられると、修行などによる長期旅行の証明の意味に限定されるようになった。
English: Kugen came to be rarely issued because soniryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) subsequently became a dead letter.
Japanese: その後の僧尼令の形骸化によって公験が出されることはほとんどなくなった。
English: Konida refers to dachin umakasegi (a job of carrying by daba, packhorse or cow) or vehicles that carry army provisions, ammunition, set-up tools for encampment and so on needed for wars from the medieval period to modern times in Japan, or a troop that directed the above things, also referred to as konidatai.
Japanese: 小荷駄（こにだ）とは、中世から近世にかけての日本において、戦争のために必要な兵糧や弾薬、陣地設営道具などを運ぶための駄賃馬稼（もしくはウシ）・車輌、及びそれを率いる部隊「小荷駄隊（こにだたい）」のこと。
English: Principally, laborers (servicemen) guarded by fifty to a hundred ashigaru (common foot soldiers) who are all directed by hyoro bugyo (food supply administrator) carried goods on packhorses or vehicles.
Japanese: 主として兵粮奉行（兵粮奉行）率いる、およそ50名から100名の足軽等に護衛された人夫（陣夫）が駄馬や車輌を用いて運搬した。
English: In the medieval period, soldiers were basically supposed to carry hyoro by themselves, but at the front, they took along only a few days worth of it and got konida to carry the rest, because the term was unpredictable and the heavy stuff could prevent their military action.
Japanese: 中世においては、兵粮などは兵士達の自己携帯が原則であったが、実戦においては期間が不明でかつ長期分の携帯は軍事行動の妨げになるだけであったため、数日分だけを携帯させてそれ以上の分は小荷駄に輸送させた。
English: In principle, shugo (provincial constable) had a right to press packhorses and servicemen used for konida, and so did warring lords, but actually it was konidabugyo (the commissioner of rear-echelon support troops) who was the decision maker.
Japanese: 原則として守護は小荷駄に用いる駄馬と陣夫の徴発を行う権利を有しており、戦国大名も同様の実権を保有していたが、実際には小荷駄奉行の裁量に任されていた。
English: In modern times, accepting konida's impressment was considered the obligation of the people of the domain, and impressment was conducted according to kokudaka (yield) in each village.
Japanese: 近世においては小荷駄の徴発に応じる事は領民の義務として位置づけられ、個々の村々に対して石高に応じて徴発された。
English: Onshi refers to an action of monarch who gives some goods to his subject to show his gratitude or expectation for the loyalty and contribution dedicated or to be dedicated.
Japanese: 恩賜（おんし）とは君主から、臣下に当該臣下の、これまでの、或いはこれからの忠節や功労を感謝、或いは期待するため、に何らかの物品を与える行為。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, the son of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie looted and killed a government official in Kyushu region, and was sent into exile in Oki Province.
Japanese: 源義家の子の源義親が九州で略奪を行い、官吏を殺したため、隠岐国へ流された。
English: After the death of his father Yoshiie, TAIRA no Masamori appointed by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa was dispatched and Yoshichika was killed.
Japanese: 父の義家の死後、白河法皇の起用により平正盛が派遣され義親は誅された。
English: The head of Yoshichika was exposed to public scorn or ridicule in Kyoto, but the rumor of his living continued and a person calling himself 'Yoshichika' appeared one after another and the aftermath of this incident lasted more than 20 years.
Japanese: 義親の首は京都で梟されたが、生存の噂が絶えず、その後、次々に「義親」を名乗る者が現れ、事件の余波は20年以上に渡って続いた。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshiie fought against the Dewa Kiyohara clan in Go Sannen no Eki (Later Three-Year Campaign) and won, but Chotei (Imperial Court) did not approve the grant of honors because Chotei considered it was private warfare.
Japanese: 源義家は後三年の役で出羽清原氏と戦って勝利したが、朝廷は私戦として論功行賞を認めなかった。
English: Accordingly, Yoshiie rewarded the samurai who had participated in the campaign by offering personal assets, by which Yoshiie earned the enormous respect of Togoku Samurai and peasants.
Japanese: このため義家は従軍した軍士に私財をなげうって報償し、これによって東国武士、百姓の義家への尊崇は絶大なものになっていた。
English: It was time of Insei (rule by the retired Emperor) which replaced the regency, and Emperor Shirakawa was exercising dictatorship as 'chiten no kimi' (the retired Emperor in power).
Japanese: この頃は摂関政治に代わる院政の時代で、白河天皇が「治天の君」として専制権力を振っていた。
English: While the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa was utilizing Yoshiie's military power to guard himself, he did not allow the promotion of Yoshiie from zuryo (provincial governor) of Mutsu Province, and moreover he tried to suppress the power of Yoshiie by issuing the senji (imperial decree) prohibiting peasants in various districts from donating the fields to Yoshiie in 1091.
Japanese: 白河法皇は義家の武力を身辺警固に大いに活用する一方で、前陸奥国受領のまま昇進はさせず、あまつさえ寛治5年（1091年）には諸国の百姓に義家への田畑の寄進の禁止を命じる宣旨を出し、その力を抑え込もうとした。
English: On the other hand, the Cloistered Emperor created a rival to Yoshiie by making active use of his brother, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna, to crush the insurrection led by TAIRA no Morotae and TAIRA no Morosue in Dewa Province in 1093; the outcome of this saw Yoshitsuna return to Kyoto in triumph, proudly parading the severed heads of Morotae and Morosue.
Japanese: 一方で、法皇は義家の対抗馬を用意し、弟の源義綱を積極的に起用し、同7年（1093年）に出羽国で平師妙・平師季が叛乱を起こすと起用して鎮圧させ、義綱は師妙・師季の首を掲げ堂々行列して京都へ凱旋した。
English: Nevertheless, Yoshiie maintained high reputation and the Cloistered Emperor allowed him access to the imperial court in 1098, with which he was moved, but the climate at that time was such that the Kugyo (high court noble) community which considered the social status of samurai to be low did not take it well.
Japanese: それでも、義家の声望は依然として高く、承徳2年（1098年）法皇は義家に院の昇殿を許し、義家は感激したが、武士の身分を低く見る当時の公卿社会はこれすらも納得しない風潮だった。
English: Yoshichika, the second son of Yoshiie, and was known for his bravery inherited from his father, was assigned to Kyushu as Tsushima no kuni no kami (Governor of Tsushima Province), but OE no Masafusa, then Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor General of the Dazai-fu) charged that Yoshichika was killing people and looting in 1101.
Japanese: 義家の二男の義親は父譲りの剛勇で知られ、対馬国守に任じられて九州に赴任していたが、康和3年（1101年）大宰大弐大江匡房から義親が人民を殺し、略奪を行っているとの訴えが起こされた。
English: Chotei (Imperial Court) discussed whether to track down and kill Yoshiie, and decided to dispatch his roto (retainer), FUJIWARA no Sukemichi who was Gon no kami (provisional governor) of Bungo Province to persuade Yoshiie to return to Kyoto.
Japanese: 朝廷は追討を議し、まずは義家の郎党の豊後国権守藤原資道を派遣し、説得して召還を試みることになった。
English: For this reason Chotei decided to deport Yoshichika to Oki Province in December of the following year, 1102.
Japanese: このため、翌同4年（1102年）12月、朝廷は義親を隠岐国へ流罪と決める。
English: His whereabout since then has been unclear, and it is written in "Dainihonshi" (Great history of Japan) that Yoshichika did not go to the exile place.
Japanese: その後の動静は詳らかではなく、『大日本史』などは義親は配所には行かなかったとしている。
English: This incident put Yoshiie in a very difficult position and he was forced to confront the task of tracking down his son Yoshichika and kill him.
Japanese: 義家の立場は苦しいものとなり、義家自らが子の義親追討に当たらねばならなくなった。
English: In 1106 Yoshiie's third son, MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni and his younger brother MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu created a disturbance extending to a battle in Hitachi Province (Hitachi Battle) and Yoshiie recalled them to Kyoto.
Japanese: 嘉承元年（1106年）、常陸国でも三男の源義国と弟の源義光が合戦に及ぶ騒動を起こし（常陸合戦）、義家が京都への召還を命じている。
English: In the middle of the disorders which were created by his family, Yoshiie died at the age of 68 in July, 1106.
Japanese: このような一族が引き起こす騒擾のさなか、同年7月、義家は68歳で死去した。
English: Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) whose ancestor was TAIRA no Korehira was the bushi (warriors) based on Ise Province, and worked as a military force of Chotei doing kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers), but maintained a low profile.
Japanese: 平維衡を祖とする伊勢平氏は伊勢国に地盤を持った武士で、中央では検非違使などとして朝廷の武力として活動していたが、さほど目立った存在ではなかった。
English: TAIRA no Masamori who was Oki no kami (Governor of Oki Province) donated his shoryo (territory) of Ise for a temple at Rokujo-in built to perform religious rites for the repose of a soul of the late Princess Teishi, Imperial Princess of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa in 1096, and on that occasion he became Wakasa no kuni no kami (Governor of Wakasa Province), and began to receive favors from the Cloistered Emperor.
Japanese: 隠岐守だった平正盛は永長元年（1096年）に白河法皇の皇女媞子内親王を弔う六条院の御堂に伊勢の所領を寄進し、それを期に若狭国守に転じ、法皇から目をかけられるようになっていた。
English: On December 19, 1107 Masamori who was Inaba no kuni no kami (Governor of Inaba Province) was appointed as an envoy for tracking down and kill Yoshichika who was still looting in Izumo Province.
Japanese: 嘉承2年（1107年）12月19日、因幡国守だった正盛は、依然として出雲で横行する義親の追討使に任じられた。
English: On the occasion of his departure to the war, Masamori shouted a battle cry to Yoshichika's mansion in Kyoto three times and shot a whistling arrow to it three times ("Genpei Seisui ki" [Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira clans]).
Japanese: 出陣にあたり正盛は京都にあった義親の邸宅に向かって三度、鬨の声をあげ、三度、鏑矢を放って出立した（『源平盛衰記』）。
English: On January 19, a war victory report of cutting the heads of Yoshichika and his five subordinates was already sent to Kyoto.
Japanese: そして、同月19日、はやくも正盛から義親と従類5人の首を切ったとの戦勝報告が京都へ入った。
English: The details of the kassen (battle, engagement) are unknown, but according to "Daisenji engi" (tales of the origin of Daisen-ji Temple) which was completed at the end of the Kamakura period, Yoshichika built a castle at Kumoto (Kumotsuura) and barricaded himself in it, against which Masanori charged leading the troops of three provinces of Inaba, Hoki and Izumo, crossing the sea and the mountains, and he finally killed Yoshichika.
Japanese: 合戦の経過は詳らかではないが、鎌倉時代末期成立の『大山寺縁起』によると、義親は蜘戸（雲津浦）に城を築いて立てこもり、正盛は因幡伯耆国出雲三カ国の軍勢を率いて海を渡り、山を越えて、攻め立て、遂に義親を討ち取ったとある。
English: "Chuyu-ki", a diary written by a kuge (court noble) at that time, made reference to a rumor that 'the reason for someone with the rank of saigebon (the lowest rank in the nobility) being appointed to the position of Dai-ikkoku might be that he served the Cloistered Emperor closely.'
Japanese: 当時の公家の日記『中右記』は「最下品の者が、第一国に任じられたのは院に近侍しているからだろう」との世評を載せている。
English: The rich and the poor in Kyoto were greatly excited to look at this and even the Cloistered Emperor came out riding on a kuruma (a small covered 2-wheeled vehicle usually for one passenger).
Japanese: 京の貴賤の人々はこれを見ようと大騒ぎになり、法皇まで車を出して見物に来た。
English: The fact that Yoshichika, who had been a legitimate child of Yoshiie, was tracked down and killed caused great unrest among the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), leading to a serious internal conflict within the clan.
Japanese: 一旦は義家の嫡子となった義親が追討の対象とされたことで、河内源氏一族には動揺が生じ、遂には深刻な内紛が起こった。
English: According to the will of Yoshiie, the family estate of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) was given to his fourth son, MINAMOTO no Yoshitada and Yoshichika's son, MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi was adopted.
Japanese: 義家の遺志により河内源氏の家督は四男の源義忠とされ、義親の長男の源為義がその養子とされた。
English: Yoshitsuna was charged, got angry and barricaded himself and his family at Kaga, Omi Province.
Japanese: 容疑は義綱にかけられ、憤慨した義綱は一族とともに近江国甲賀に立て籠もった。
English: Tameyoshi was named to attack Yoshitsuna, killed Yoshitsuna's children after a battle and had Yoshitsuna surrender.
Japanese: 為義がこの追討にあたり、合戦の末に義綱の子たちは殺され、義綱は降伏した。
English: It is said that the charge against Yoshitsuna was a false one, and the truth is unknown although "Sonpi Bunmyaku" (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy), etc. consider Yoshiie's younger brother Yoshimitsu as the real criminal.
Japanese: 義綱の容疑は冤罪とされ、真相は不明だが『尊卑分脈』などでは義家の弟の義光を真犯人としている。
English: After the 'success' in tracking down and killing Yoshichika the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa supported Masamori and promoted him to have him compete with Genji.
Japanese: 義親追討の「成功」後、白河法皇は源氏に対抗させるように正盛を引き立て昇進させた。
English: Letting Masamori gain accomplishments by appointing him for the defense against the direct petition by the monk-soldiers of Sammon gate (temple gate), for searching and capturing robbers, for hunting down and killing TAIRA no Naosumi in Kyushu region, and for others, the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa promoted Masamori to jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 山門衆徒の強訴の防禦、強盗の追捕や九州での平直澄の追討などに起用し功を上げさせ、従四位下にまで昇進させた。
English: On the other hand, although Yoshichika's son Tameyoshi succeeded the reigns of the family of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), his request to become Mutsu no Kami (Governor of Mutsu) which his grandfather was, was rejected and he remained as kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) hangan (inspector, third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period).
Japanese: 一方、義親の子の為義は河内源氏の家督は継いだが、祖父が任じられた陸奥守となる願いも許されず、検非違使判官のまま長く留め置かれた。
English: Masamori and his son Tadamori increased their power in Shikoku region through the capture of pirates and other accomplishments, and eventually TAIRA no Kiyomori's zensei (at the height of its prosperity) came into being.
Japanese: 正盛、忠盛父子は海賊の追捕などを経て西国に勢力を扶養し、やがて、平清盛の時代に全盛を迎える。
English: Not a few people doubted that Yoshichika who was famed for his bravery was killed so easily by Masamori who did not have such military fame.
Japanese: 剛勇で知られた義親がそれまでさしたる武名もなかった正盛に簡単に誅されたことに疑問を持つ者は少なくなかった。
English: In 1117 a hoshi (Buddhist priest) who called himself Yoshichika appeared in Echigo Province and visited the mansion of Gozoku (local ruling family), TAIRA no Nagamoto.
Japanese: 永久(元号)5年（1117年）、義親を名乗る法師が越後国に現れ、豪族平永基の屋敷に出入りした。
English: At the order of Kokushi (provincial governor), Nagamoto beheaded the hoshi and exposed his head to the public, but it was not clear whose head it was and Nagamoto was questioned by kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers).
Japanese: 国司が引き渡しを命じると、永基は法師の首を斬り梟首したが、誰の首かもわからず、永基は検非違使の尋問を受けている。
English: Shimousa no kuni no kami (Governor of Shimousa Province), MINAMOTO no Nakamasa (the father of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa) tried to capture him in vain, and five years later (1123) he was captured in Shimotsuke Province, transferred to Kyoto and passed to kebiishi.
Japanese: 下総国守源仲政（源頼政の父）が捕縛しようとするが逃げられ、5年後の保安(日本)4年（1123年）になって下野国で捕えて京都へ送り、検非違使に引き渡した。
English: This became a big incident which made the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa and the Emperor Toba actually see him, but after all he was killed and his head was exposed to the public as a false person since Yoshichika had already extinguished.
Japanese: これは白河法皇、鳥羽天皇が実見するまでの騒ぎになったが、結局、義親は既に討滅されているのだからと、この者は偽者とされ梟首された。
English: In September 1129, when the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa died, there was a rumor that a person who called himself Yoshichika came from Kanto region and entered into Kyoto.
Japanese: 白河法皇が崩御した大治(日本)4年（1129年）9月、義親を名乗る者が関東から入洛したとの風聞があった。
English: At the intent of the retired Emperor Toba, he was harbored in the Kamoin mansion of the former chief adviser to the Emperor, FUJIWARA no Tadazane and was called 'Kamoin Yoshichika.'
Japanese: この者は鳥羽上皇の意向を受けて前関白藤原忠実の鴨院邸に匿われ、「鴨院義親」と呼ばれた。
English: Kaga no suke (Assistant governor of Kaga Province) Iesada and others who knew Yoshichika actually saw him and testified that he was a different person, but some people said that he was real Yoshichika.
Japanese: 加賀介家定ら旧知の者たちが実見し、大方は別人と証言したが、本物と証言する者もいた。
English: Moreover, in addition to this 'Kamoin Yoshichika,' there was a rumor that a former Kenin (retainer) of Yoshichika had seen him in Kumano area, and there was a strong belief that he was alive.
Japanese: しかも、この「鴨院義親」とは別に義親の旧家人の応弁房が義親を熊野で目撃したという噂もあり、生存説は根強かった。
English: However, in 1130, another person calling himself Yoshichika appeared in Otsu, Omi Province, entered into Kyoto and was called 'Otsu Yoshichika.'
Japanese: ところが、翌同5年（1130年）近江国大津市に義親を名乗る別の者が現れて入京し、「大津義親」と呼ばれた。
English: In October of the same year, the two brought their followers and started a scuffle in front of the mansion of MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu and 'Otsu Yoshichika' was killed.
Japanese: 同年10月、両者は党類を引き連れて源光信邸前で乱闘となり、「大津義親」が殺された。
English: In November 20 horse soldiers and 30 to 40 attendants attacked 'Kamoin Yoshichika' who was in the mansion of FUJIWARA no Tadazane (Kamoin).
Japanese: 11月、藤原忠実邸（鴨院）に居た「鴨院義親」を騎兵20、従者3-40人が襲撃。
English: Masamori's son, TAIRA no Tadamori who tracked down and killed Yoshichika was suspected, but he claimed innocence and he insisted that he would capture the murderer on his own.
Japanese: かつて義親を追討した正盛の子の平忠盛も疑われたが、彼は潔白を主張し、自ら下手人を捕らえると言った。
English: After all, the kebiishi, MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu was considered as the murderer (the reason unknown), and was deported to Tosa Province
Japanese: 結局、検非違使の源光信が下手人ということにされ（動機は不明）、土佐国へ流された。
English: This incident has many suspicious points: the retired Emperor Toba had FUJIWARA no Tadazane protect a person calling himself Yoshichika, who was a serious criminal whom the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa had tracked down and killed; and furthermore the retired Emperor punished the person who killed this criminal instead of giving him a reward.
Japanese: この事件はかつて白河法皇が追討させた大罪人の義親を名乗る人物を、鳥羽上皇が藤原忠実に保護させ、更にこの罪人を殺した者を賞するどころか罰したなど、不審な点が多い。