nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The 19th National Bank (Daijuku Bank) -> merged with the Rokujusan Bank and became the Hachijuni Bank (19+63=82)
Japanese: 第十九国立銀行（第十九銀行）→六十三銀行と合併し八十二銀行（19+63=82）
English: The 21st National Bank (Nijuichi Bank) -> merged with the Ika Bank and the Gohoku Bank in 1929 and became the Kohoku Bank, and then in 1942, purchased by the Shiga Bank.
Japanese: 第二十一国立銀行（二十一銀行）→1929年に伊香銀行、江北銀行と合併して湖北銀行となり、その後1942年に滋賀銀行に買収
English: The 22nd National Bank (Nijuni Bank) -> 11 banks including the 22nd National Bank were merged into the Hozen Bank in 1923 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Yasuda and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第二十二国立銀行（二十二銀行）→1923年に当行等11行保善銀行（安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 23rd National Bank (Nijusan Bank) -> merged into the Oita Bank in 1927 and became the Oita Godo Bank (the current Oita Bank).
Japanese: 第二十三国立銀行（二十三銀行）→1927年大分銀行に合併され大分合同銀行（現大分銀行）
English: The 25th National Bank (Nijugo Bank) -> merged in 1928 and became the Tsuruganijugo Bank (finally merged into the Sanwa Bank).
Japanese: 第二十五国立銀行（二十五銀行）→1928年合併し敦賀二十五銀行（最終的には三和銀行に合併）
English: The 29th National Bank (Dainijuku Bank) -> merged with the Yawatahama Commercial Bank and the Ozu Bank in 1934 and became the Yoshu Bank (the current Iyo Bank).
Japanese: 第二十九国立銀行（第二十九銀行）→1934年八幡浜商業銀行、大洲銀行と合併し豫州銀行（現伊予銀行）
English: The 30th National Bank (Sanju Bank) -> purchased by the Sanjushi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Sanwa Bank) in 1929.
Japanese: 第三十国立銀行（三十銀行）→1929年三十四銀行（三和銀行の前身の一つ）に買収される
English: The 31st National Bank -> merged into the 148th National Bank in 1888 (finally merged into the Sanwa Bank).
Japanese: 第三十一国立銀行→1888年第百四十八国立銀行に合併（最終的には三和銀行に合併）
English: The 32nd National Bank (Naniwa Bank) -> merged into the Jugo Bank in 1920, and the current Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation after the Teikoku Bank, the Mitsui Bank, and the Sakura Bank.
Japanese: 第三十二国立銀行（浪速銀行）→1920年に十五銀行に合併され、帝国銀行、三井銀行、さくら銀行を経て現在の三井住友銀行
English: The 34th National Bank (Sanjushi Bank) -> merged with the Konoike Bank and the Yamaguchi Bank (there is no relationship with the current Yamaguchi Bank) in 1933 and became the Sanwa Bank (the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ).
Japanese: 第三十四国立銀行（三十四銀行）→1933年に鴻池銀行、山口銀行（現在の山口銀行とは無関係）と合併し三和銀行となる（現・三菱東京UFJ銀行）
English: The 36th National Bank (Daisanjuroku Bank) -> merged into the Nihon Chuya Bank in 1942, and merged into the Yasuda Bank in 1943 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第三十六国立銀行（第三十六銀行）→1942年に日本昼夜銀行に買収され、1943年に安田銀行（富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 37th National Bank (Kochi Bank [there is no relationship with the current Kochi Bank]) -> merged the Tosa Bank in 1923 and renamed the Shikoku Bank.
Japanese: 第三十七国立銀行（高知銀行（現在の高知銀行とは無関係））→1923年に土佐銀行を合併し、四国銀行と改称
English: The 39th National Bank (Sanjuku Bank -> [former] Gunma Bank) -> absorbed into the Gunma Daido Bank in 1932 together with the Joshu Bank (the current Gunma Bank).
Japanese: 第三十九国立銀行（三十九銀行→(旧)群馬銀行）→1932年上州銀行とともに群馬大同銀行に吸収（現・群馬銀行）
English: The 40th National Bank (Shiju Bank) -> merged with the Shijuichi (41) Bank in 1918 and renamed the Hachijuichi (81) Bank (40+41=81), then merged into the Tokai Bank (there is no relationship with the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ) in 1921, and merged into the Daiichi Bank (the current Mizuho Bank) in 1927.
Japanese: 第四十国立銀行（四十銀行）→1918年に四十一銀行と合併し八十一銀行（40+4181）に改称後1921年に東海銀行（現在の三菱東京UFJ銀行とは無関係）に合併され、1927年に第一銀行（現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 41st National Bank (Shijuichi Bank) -> merged with the Shiju (40) Bank in 1918 and renamed the Hachijuichi (81) Bank (40+41=81), then merged into the Tokai Bank (there is no relationship with the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ) in 1921, and merged into the Daiichi Bank (the current Mizuho Bank) in 1927.
Japanese: 第四十一国立銀行（四十一銀行）→1918年に四十銀行と合併し八十一銀行（40+4181）に改称後1921年に東海銀行（現在の三菱東京UFJ銀行とは無関係）に合併され、1927年に第一銀行（現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 43rd National Bank (Shijusan Bank) -> divided into six banks of the Tanabe Bank, the Kii Savings Bank, the Kiyo Bank (above three banks are the current Kiyo Bank), the Daido Bank, the Sanjushi Bank (above two banks became the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ after the Sanwa Bank), and the Rokujuhachi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Nanto Bank) and purchased in 1930.
Japanese: 第四十三国立銀行（四十三銀行）→1930年田辺銀行、紀伊貯蓄銀行、紀陽銀行（以上三行は現在の紀陽銀行）、大同銀行、三十四銀行（以上二行は三和銀行を経て三菱東京UFJ銀行）、六十八銀行（南都銀行の前身の一つ）の6行に分割買収
English: The 44th National Bank -> merged into the Third National Bank in 1882 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Hozen, the Yasuda, and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第四十四国立銀行→1882年に第三国立銀行（保善、安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 48th National Bank (Daishijuhachi Bank) -> merged with the Akita Bank (1896-1941) and the Yuzawa Bank and established as a new legal entity, Akita Bank on October 20, 1941.
Japanese: 第四十八国立銀行（第四十八銀行）→1941年10月20日に、秋田銀行(1896年-1941年)・湯沢銀行と合併し、新たな法人として秋田銀行を設立
English: The 49th National Bank (Daishijuku Bank) -> purchased by the Kyoto Commercial and Industrial Bank in 1908, and then merged into the Daiichi Bank (the current Mizuho Bank) in 1916.
Japanese: 第四十九国立銀行（第四十九銀行）→1908年に京都商工銀行に買収された後1916年に第一銀行（現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 50th National Bank (Tsuchiura Goju Bank) -> integrated with the Tokiwa Bank in 1935 and became the Joyo Bank.
Japanese: 第五十国立銀行（土浦五十銀行）→1935年に常磐銀行と統合し常陽銀行
English: The 51st National Bank (Gojuichi Bank) -> merged with the Izumi Bank, the Terada Bank, the Kisiwada Bank, and others and renamed the Hannan Bank in 1940, merged with the Tondabayashi Bank, the Tsujibayashi Bank, and others in 1942, and then merged into the Sumitomo Bank (the current Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) in 1945.
Japanese: 第五十一国立銀行（五十一銀行）→1940年に和泉銀行、寺田銀行、岸和田銀行等と合併し阪南銀行と名称変更、1942年に富田林銀行、辻林銀行等と合併後、1945年に住友銀行（現在の三井住友銀行）に合併される
English: The 52nd National Bank (Daigojuni Bank) -> merged with the Nakada Bank in 1937 and became Matsuyama Gojuni Bank (the current Iyo Bank).
Japanese: 第五十二国立銀行（第五十二銀行）→1937年仲田銀行と合併し松山五十二銀行（現伊予銀行）
English: The 57th National Bank (Daigujushichi Bank) -> purchased by the Chuetsu Bank (one of the predecessor of the Hokuriku Bank) in 1940.
Japanese: 第五十七国立銀行（第五十七銀行）→1940年に中越銀行（北陸銀行の前身の一つ）に買収
English: The 58th National Bank (Daigojuhachi Bank) -> merged into the Hyakusanju Bank in 1898 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Hozen, the Yasuda, and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第五十八国立銀行（第五十八銀行）→1898年に百三十銀行（保善、安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 59th National Bank (Daigojuku Bank) ->integrated with four banks in the prefecture in 1943 and became the Aomori Bank.
Japanese: 第五十九国立銀行（第五十九銀行）→1943年に県内4銀行と統合し青森銀行
English: The 63rd National Bank (Rokujusan Bank) -> merged with the Daijuku (19th) Bank and became the Hachijuni (82) Bank (19+63=82).
Japanese: 第六十三国立銀行（六十三銀行）→第十九銀行と合併し八十二銀行（19+63=82）
English: The 66th National Bank (Dairokujurku Bank) -> integrated with six banks in the prefecture in 1920 and became the (former) Geibi Bank (the predecessor of the Hiroshima Bank).
Japanese: 第六十六国立銀行（第六十六銀行）→1920年に県内6銀行と統合し（旧）藝備銀行（広島銀行の前身）
English: The 69th National Bank (Rokujuku Bank) -> integrated with the Nagaoka Bank in 1942, and became the Nagaoka Rokujuku Bank (the current Hokuetsu Bank).
Japanese: 第六十九国立銀行（六十九銀行）→1942年に長岡銀行と統合し長岡六十九銀行（現・北越銀行）
English: The 72nd National Bank (transferred the business right in 1889, moved from Yamagata Prefecture to Saga prefecture, and became the Saga Bank [there is no relationship with the current Bank of Saga]) -> renamed the Koga Bank and then dissolved in 1933.
Japanese: 第七十二国立銀行（1889年営業権譲渡し、山形県から佐賀県に移転した後、佐賀銀行（現在の佐賀銀行とは無関係））→古賀銀行と改名した後1933年に解散
English: The 76th National Bank (Takasu Daishichijuroku Bank) ->merged into the Ogaki Kyoritsu Bank in 1928.
Japanese: 第七十六国立銀行（高須第七十六銀行）→1928年に大垣共立銀行に合併される
English: The 80th National Bank (Daihachiju Bank) -> merged into the Daishichi Bank (the predecessor of the Shikoku Bank) in 1897.
Japanese: 第八十国立銀行（第八十銀行）→1897年に第七銀行（四国銀行の前身）に合併
English: The 81st National Bank -> did not transfer to the stock corporation and dissolved at the expiration, then the Ryou Bank took over the business -> renamed the Yamagata Bank in 1965.
Japanese: 第八十一国立銀行→株式会社に転換せず、満期解散し、両羽銀行が事業譲受→1965年に名称変更し山形銀行
English: The 82nd National Bank (Hachijuni Bank, there is no relationship with the current Hachijuni Bank) -> merged into the Daisan Bank in 1897 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Hozen, the Yasuda, and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第八十二国立銀行（第八十二銀行、現存の八十二銀行とは無関係）→1897年に第三銀行（保善、安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 84th National Bank (Hachijushi Bank) -> purchased by the Showa Bank in 1928, and then merged into the Yasuda Bank in 1944 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第八十四国立銀行（八十四銀行）→1928年に昭和銀行に買収された後1944年に安田銀行（富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 85th National Bank (Daihachijugo Bank) -> the Saitama Bank (one of the predecessor of the Saitama Resona Bank).
Japanese: 第八十五国立銀行（第八十五銀行）→埼玉銀行（埼玉りそな銀行の前身の一つ）
English: The 87th National Bank (Daihachijushichi Bank) -> merged into the Hyakusanju Bank in 1898 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Hozen, the Yasuda, and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第八十七国立銀行（第八十七銀行）→1898年に百三十銀行（保善、安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 88th National Bank (Daihachijuhachi Bank) -> failed in business later and the Iwate Shokusan Bank and the Shichijushichi Bank took over the business.
Japanese: 第八十八国立銀行（第八十八銀行）→後に経営破綻し、岩手殖産銀行や七十七銀行などが事業を譲受。
English: The 90th National Bank (Daikuju Bank) -> failed in business and the Iwate Shokusan Bank (the current Bank of Iwate) took over the business.
Japanese: 第九十国立銀行（第九十銀行）→経営破綻し、岩手殖産銀行（現・岩手銀行）が事業を譲受。
English: The 91st National Bank (Daikyujuichi Bank) -> merged into the Juni Bank (one of the predecessor of the Hokuriku Bank) in 1928.
Japanese: 第九十一国立銀行（第九十一銀行）→1928年に十二銀行（北陸銀行の前身の一つ）に合併される
English: The 92nd National Bank (Daikyujuni Bank) -> renamed the Kyowa Savings Bank after relocation to Tokyo and then ceased.
Japanese: 第九十二国立銀行（第九十二銀行）→東京に移転後京和貯蓄銀行に改称後消滅
English: The 95th National Bank (Kyujugo Bank) -> changed the name, from the Hyakusan Bank, the Nosho Bank, the Kihan Bank, to the Kihan Savings Bank, and then in 1925, merged into the Yamaguchi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Sanwa Bank).
Japanese: 第九十五国立銀行（九十五銀行）→百三銀行、農商銀行、紀阪銀行、紀阪貯蓄銀行と改名した後1925年に山口銀行（三和銀行の前身の一つ）に合併される
English: The 96th National Bank (Yanagawa Bank) -> merged with 18 banks in the southern part of Fukuoka Prefecture and became the Chikuho Bank (one of the predecessor of the Fukuoka Bank).
Japanese: 第九十六国立銀行（柳川銀行）→福岡県南部18行で合併し筑邦銀行（福岡銀行の前身の一つ）
English: The 100th National Bank (Daihyaku Bank) -> merged into the Kawasaki Bank in 1927 and renamed the Kawasaki Daihyaku Bank, then merged into the Mitsubishi Bank (the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ) in 1943.
Japanese: 第百国立銀行（第百銀行）→1927年に川崎銀行に合併され、川崎第百銀行と改称後、1943年に三菱銀行（現在の三菱東京UFJ銀行）に合併
English: The 103rd National Bank was purchased by the Nihon Commercial Bank in 1898, and merged into the Hozen Bank together with other 11 banks in 1923 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Yasuda and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第百三国立銀行1898年に日本商業銀行に買収され、1923年に当行等11行保善銀行（安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 106th National Bank (Saga Hyakuroku Bank) -> purchased by the Sumitomo Bank (the current Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) in 1941.
Japanese: 第百六国立銀行（佐賀百六銀行）→1941年に住友銀行（現在の三井住友銀行）に買収
English: The 109th National Bank (Hyakuku Bank) -> purchased by the Oita Godo Bank (the current Oita Bank) in 1941.
Japanese: 第百九国立銀行（百九銀行）→1941年に大分合同銀行（現大分銀行）に買収
English: The 113th National Bank (Hyakujusan Bank) -> purchased by the Hokkaido Bank (later the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank) in 1928.
Japanese: 第百十三国立銀行（百十三銀行）→1928年に北海道銀行（後の北海道拓殖銀行）に買収
English: The 118th National Bank -> merged into the 136th National Bank in 1880, and then merged into the Hyakusanju Bank in 1898 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Hozen, the Yasuda, and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第百十八国立銀行→1880年に第百三十六国立銀行に合併され、その後1898年に百三十銀行（保善、安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 119th National Bank -> merged with the 149th National Bank in 1885 and became the banking department of the Mitsubishi joint-stock company -> the Mitsubishi Bank (the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ).
Japanese: 第百十九国立銀行→1885年に第百四十九国立銀行と合併し三菱合資会社銀行部→三菱銀行（現・三菱東京UFJ銀行）
English: The 121st National Bank (Hyakunijuichi Bank) -> merged into the Sanjushi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Sanwa Bank) in 1897.
Japanese: 第百二十一国立銀行（百二十一銀行）→1897年に三十四銀行（三和銀行の前身の一つ）に合併される
English: The 123rd National Bank -> merged with the 12th National Bank (later Hokuriku Bank) in 1884.
Japanese: 第百二十三国立銀行→1884年に第十二国立銀行（後の北陸銀行）と合併
English: The 127th National Bank -> moved from Kagawa to Kochi in 1881, and merged into the 37th National Bank in 1896.
Japanese: 第百二十七国立銀行→1881年に香川から高知に移転し、1896年に第三十七国立銀行に合併
English: The 130th National Bank (Hyakusanju Bank) -> 11 banks including the 130th National Bank were merged into the Hozen Bank in 1923 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Yasuda and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第百三十国立銀行（百三十銀行）→1923年に当行等11行保善銀行（安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 131st National Bank -> merged into the 32nd National Bank in 1881 (the current Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation after the Jugo Bank, the Teikoku Bank, the Mitsui Bank, and the Sakura Bank).
Japanese: 第百三十一国立銀行→1881年第三十二国立銀行（十五銀行、帝国銀行、三井銀行、さくら銀行を経て現在の三井住友銀行）に合併
English: The 133rd National Bank (Hyakusanjusan Bank) -> integrated with the Yawata Bank and became the Shiga Bank in 1933.
Japanese: 第百三十三国立銀行（百三十三銀行）→1933年に八幡銀行と統合し滋賀銀行
English: The 134th National Bank (Hyakusanjushi Bank) -> integrated with the 11th National Bank and became the Aichi Bank (the predecessor of the Tokai Bank) (the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ).
Japanese: 第百三十四国立銀行（百三十四銀行）→第十一国立銀行と統合し愛知銀行(東海銀行の前身)（現三菱東京UFJ銀行）
English: The 136th National Bank (Daihyakusanjuroku Bank) -> merged into the Hyakusanju Bank in 1898 (the current Mizuho Bank after the Hozen, the Yasuda, and the Fuji Bank).
Japanese: 第百三十六国立銀行（第百三十六銀行）→1898年に百三十銀行（保善、安田、富士銀行を経て現在のみずほ銀行）に合併
English: The 137th National Bank (Daihyakusanjushichi Bank) -> merged the Kyodo Savings Bank in 1900, renamed the Hyakusanjushichi Bank, and then in 1942, divided into the Kobe Bank (the current Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) and the Tanwa Bank (the current Bank of Kyoto) and purchased.
Japanese: 第百三十七国立銀行（第百三十七銀行）→1900年に共同貯蓄銀行を合併し、百三十七銀行と改称後1942年に神戸銀行（現在の三井住友銀行）及び丹和銀行（現在の京都銀行）に分割買収
English: The 140th National Bank -> merged into the 67th National Bank in 1881 (merged with the Kazama Bank, the Tsuruoka Bank, and the Dewa Bank in 1941 and is the current Shonai Bank).
Japanese: 第百四十国立銀行→1881年に第六十七国立銀行（1941年に風間銀行、鶴岡銀行、出羽銀行と合併し現在の荘内銀行）に合併
English: The 142nd National Bank -> merged into the 32nd National Bank in 1881 (the current Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation after the Jugo Bank, the Teikoku Bank, the Mitsui Bank, and the Sakura Bank).
Japanese: 第百四十二国立銀行→1881年第三十二国立銀行（十五銀行、帝国銀行、三井銀行、さくら銀行を経て現在の三井住友銀行）に合併
English: The 143rd National Bank -> merged into the 30th National Bank in 1880 (finally merged into the Sanwa Bank).
Japanese: 第百四十三国立銀行→1880年第三十国立銀行に合併（最終的には三和銀行に合併）
English: The 146th National Bank ([former] Hiroshima Bank) -> merged with six banks in the prefecture in 1920, and became (former) Geibi Bank (the predecessor of the Hiroshima Bank).
Japanese: 第百四十六国立銀行（（旧）廣島銀行）→1920年に県内6銀行と合併し（旧）藝備銀行（広島銀行の前身）
English: The 148th National Bank (Yamaguchi Bank) -> merged with the Konoike Bank and the Sanjushi Bank, and became the Sanwa Bank (the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ).
Japanese: 第百四十八国立銀行（山口銀行）→1933年鴻池銀行、三十四銀行と合併し三和銀行となる（現・三菱東京UFJ銀行）
English: The 149th National Bank -> merged with the 119th National Bank in 1885 and became the banking department of the Mitsubishi joint-stock company -> the Mitsubishi Bank (the current Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ).
Japanese: 第百四十九国立銀行→1885年に第百十九国立銀行と合併し三菱合資会社銀行部→三菱銀行（現・三菱東京UFJ銀行）
English: The 152nd National Bank (moved from Okinawa -> Kagoshima -> Tokyo -> Osaka, and then became the Daihyakugojuni Bank) -> dissolved in 1901.
Japanese: 第百五十二国立銀行（沖縄→鹿児島→東京→大阪と移転した後、第百五十二銀行）→1901年に解散
English: Asuka-kyo (also known as Asuka no Miyako [the capital of Asuka]) is the name of the ancient capital mainly in the Asuka period, which is believed to be existed in the general area covering present-day Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 飛鳥京(あすかきょう、あすかのみやこ)は現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村一帯にあったと想定される古代都市の、主に飛鳥時代のものを指し示す名称。
English: For the most part of the Asuka period, the emperor (or okimi [great king]) of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) had a palace in the area, that is, Asuka-kyo was what is now called the capital of Japan.
Japanese: 飛鳥時代の多くの期間は、この地域に天皇（大王(ヤマト王権)）の宮が置かれており、今日的にいえば日本の首都であった。
English: Unlike later Fujiwara-kyo (the Imperial capital of Japan for 16 years between 694 and 710; or Heijo-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara]), it is agreed that Asuka-kyo didn't have an overall city plan, in addition, the result of archaeological studies such as the data collected in excavation is not yet enough to form a comprehensive view of the Asuka-kyo.
Japanese: 後の時代の藤原京(や平城京等)のように全体的に計画されて作られたものだとは考えられておらず、また、発掘調査など考古学的な成果においても全体像を明らかにするにいたっていない。
English: Therefore, what 'Asuka-kyo' actually refers to, including the geographical area, is not strictly defined.
Japanese: そのため、地理的な範囲など「飛鳥京」が指し示すものの実態は必ずしも明確ではない。
English: Maybe because of the ambiguity of the term, the name 'Asuka-kyo' is not always used to mean the Asuka area in the Asuka period in historical and archaeological contexts.
Japanese: そのためか、歴史学や考古学的な文脈においても、飛鳥時代あたりの飛鳥を指すのに「飛鳥京」という名称が必ずしも使われているわけではない。
English: In this regard, it is not like other places with names ending with 'kyo' established in and after Fujiwara-kyo.
Japanese: このような点については藤原京以降の「...京」と呼ばれるものとは対照的といえる。
English: The expression for the city of Asuka using the character '京' (kyo) did not create in recent years, but found in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) such as '倭京' (literally, Japanese capital) and '古京' (literally, ancient capital).
Japanese: ただし、飛鳥の街に対して「京」の字を使った表記は近年になって作り出されたわけではなく、古くは日本書紀においても「倭京」や「古京」と表記される例がある。
English: It requires attention that the ruins found in Asuka Village called the site of Asuka-kyo is not literally considered as the ruin of the Asuka-kyo.
Japanese: 遺跡との関連においては、明日香村に飛鳥京跡と呼ばれる遺跡があるが、飛鳥京跡が文字通り飛鳥京の遺跡と考えられるものと等しいわけではないことに注意が必要である。
English: Among them, there are ruins derived from their names from the names of sites' locations (large or small administrative units of villages) such as Shimasho Site, Ishigami Site, and Mizuochi Site, those from the references to their geographical locations such as Ikazuchi no Oka Toho Site and Amakashi no Oka Toroku Site, those from the architectural structures on their sites such as Kawahara-dera Temple Site and Asuka-dera Temple Site, and those from functions or forms of their ancient structural remnants such as Asukaike Ruins and Asukakyo-ato Enchi Site.
Japanese: それらは、島庄遺跡、石神遺跡、水落遺跡など遺跡の存在地の字(あざ、大字の場合も小字の場合も)を冠するもの、雷丘東方遺跡、甘樫丘東麓遺跡など遺跡の存在地を他の地理的名称から示したもの、川原寺跡、飛鳥寺跡など建造物に由来するもの、飛鳥池遺跡、飛鳥京跡苑池遺構など遺跡の機能や形状を示したものなどがある。
English: The government offices centralizing plan was the city plan of the capital of Tokyo which was organized in the Meiji period; it planned to build a splendid baroque city which would be equivalent to Paris or Berlin by centralizing official buildings such as the Congress Hall and government offices around Kasumigaseki area in Tokyo.
Japanese: 官庁集中計画（かんちょうしゅうちゅうけいかく）は明治時代の首都計画で、議事堂や官庁などを霞が関付近に集中し、パリやベルリンに並ぶ華麗なバロック都市を建設しようとした。
English: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kaoru INOUE employed the policy of Europeanization which was called the Rokumeikan (Rokumeikan guest house) diplomacy to aim at revising the European treaties and the grand capital construction was an integral part of the policy.
Japanese: 外務大臣井上馨は条約改正のため鹿鳴館外交と呼ばれる欧化政策を採り、その一環として壮大な首都建設を構想した。
English: Thus, a Temporary Architectural Bureau was formed in the Cabinet in 1886; Inoue assumed the premiership, Michitsune MISHIMA assumed office of the vice-president (concurrently the Tokyo Metropolitan Police commissioner), and Tsumunaga MATSUZAKI, an architect who had returned from Germany, assumed office of the director of construction.
Japanese: こうして1886年（明治19年）、内閣に臨時建築局を設置し、井上が総裁に、三島通庸が副総裁（警視総監兼務）に、またドイツ帰りの建築家・松崎万長が工事部長に就任した。
English: They commissioned the German architects, Hermann ENDE and Wilhelm BÖCKMANN to be responsible for city planning and the architectural design of primary buildings.
Japanese: そしてドイツの建築家ヘルマン・エンデとヴィルヘルム・ベックマンに都市計画及び主要建造物の設計を依頼。
English: In the same year, Böckmann and other German architects came to Japan, and the Japanese architects, Yuzuru WATANABE, Yorinaka TSUMAKI, Kozo KAWAI and artisans went to Germany to study.
Japanese: 同年、ベックマンらドイツ人技師が来日し、一方日本からは建築家の渡辺譲、妻木頼黄、河合浩蔵及び職人たちがドイツに留学した。
English: When Böckmann came to Japan, he undertook the grandiose project of city planning of Tokyo; it was to set the center of the capital around the area from Tsukiji to Kasumigaseki, and to place buildings, such as a central station, a theater, a venue for exhibitions, government offices, a new palace and a congress hall.
Japanese: 来日したベックマンは、築地から霞が関に都市の中心軸を置き、中央駅、劇場、博覧会場、官庁街、新宮殿、国会議事堂などを配する壮大な都市計画を立てた。
English: Subsequently, James HOBRECHT who was recommended by Böckmann was invited as a technical adviser of the water project in Tokyo, but once Hobrecht arrived, he downscaled Böckmann's project to a large extent.
Japanese: 次いで、ベックマンの推薦で東京の水道計画の技術顧問としてジェームス・ホープレヒトが招かれるが、来日早々ホープレヒトはベックマンの計画案を大幅に縮小した。
English: After that, Inoue resigned as Minister of Foreign Affairs (in 1887) due to his failure in the treaty revision; this caused to set back the government offices centralizing plan.
Japanese: その後、井上が条約改正に失敗し、外務大臣を辞任（1887年）したため、官庁集中計画そのものが頓挫することになった。
English: The contents of the commission for Ende and Böckmann were limited to only three buildings, the Congress Hall, the Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan and the Ministry of Justice.
Japanese: エンデ・ベックマンへの依頼内容は議事堂、大審院、司法省の3棟の設計のみと限定された。
English: The project was transferred to the Civil Engineering Bureau in the Ministry of the Interior due to abolishment of the Temporary Architectural Bureau in 1890; Ende and Böckmann were given notice for cancelling of the contract.
Japanese: 1890年には臨時建築局廃止に伴い事業が内務省土木局に移管、エンデ・ベックマンに契約解除が通告された。
English: Consequently, the construction of the temporary building of the Congress Hall, which had two stories, was started and the main building was completed in 1890 when the First congress of the Imperial Diet was opened (the reference of History of the Diet Building.)
Japanese: 結局、議事堂は木造2階建の仮建築で実施され、第1回帝国議会開会の1890年に竣工した（国会議事堂歴史参照）。
English: The buildings of the Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan and the Ministry of Justice which were based on the designs of Ende and Böckmann were completed in 1895.
Japanese: また、エンデ・ベックマンの設計に基づく大審院と司法省は1895年に完成した。
English: (The building of the Ministry of the Navy designed by Josiah CONDER started to be constructed in 1890 and was completed in 1894.)
Japanese: （海軍省はジョサイア・コンドルの設計により1890年着工、1894年に竣工した）
English: The roofs and interiors of the buildings of the Predecessors of the Supreme Court of Japan and the Ministry of Justice were burned due to the war-damage in 1945 (they were repaired after the war).
Japanese: 1945年、戦災で大審院と司法省の屋根・内部が焼失した（戦後に修復）。
English: Hachigyaku means the eight most serious crimes in the ritsuryo code.
Japanese: 八虐（はちぎやく）とは、律令法において、もっとも重いとされた8つの犯罪。
English: Not only crimes against nation or emperor, but also those against shrines or ancestors were included in the Hachigyaku, which indicates the fact that the social order based on status was valued.
Japanese: 国家・天皇に対する犯罪のみならず、神社や尊属に対する犯罪も八虐に数えられており、身分による社会秩序を重視している。
English: It is based on 'Juaku' (ten evils) in the Tang Ritsuryo Code, but 'Fuboku' (family trouble) and 'Nairan' (crimes that disturb the family, particularly adultery, incest etc.; the meaning is different from that of today) were excluded.
Japanese: 唐律令の「十悪」を元にしているが、「不睦」（家庭不和）「内乱」（一族を乱す犯罪、特に不倫、近親相姦など。現在の内乱と意味は異なる）2つを除いている。
English: On July 30, 1912 during the term of this cabinet, the Meiji period ended due to the death of the Emperor Meiji and the Taisho period started from the same day.
Japanese: この内閣の任期中の1912年（明治45年）7月30日に明治天皇が崩御して明治時代が終わるとともに、同日から大正時代が始まる。
English: After the second Katsura Cabinet resigned in the wake of the success of treaty revision, SAIONJI had the second chance to come to power.
Japanese: 第2次桂内閣が条約改正の成功を機に退陣すると、政権は再度西園寺に回ってきた。