nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1951, the same year as this incident, students of Kyoto university with the Dogakukai in the center held "The synthetic exhibition of the A-bomb (Kyoto University)," and it attracted many people and was favorably received by the citizens of Kyoto (in the open letter, they asked the Emperor to visit the A-bomb exhibition).
Japanese: この事件と同じ1951年、同学会を中心に京大生が企画・開催した「綜合原爆展(京大)」は盛況を呼び、京都市民から好意的に迎えられていた（「質問状」でも天皇の原爆展参観を要望している）。
English: After the incident, novelist Hiroshi NOMA sent a message to the Dogakukai and acclaimed the "right actions" of the students.
Japanese: そして事件後、作家野間宏は同学会宛にメッセージを寄せ、学生たちの「行動の正しさ」を讃えた。
English: However, the number of people who were in favor of the students of Kyoto University and the Dogakukai concerning this incident were relatively small, and many people condemned them by saying "Abolish Kyoto University" or "Are you madmen?"
Japanese: しかしこの事件に関して京大生や同学会に対する好意的反応は少数派であり、「京大を廃校にせよ」「貴方たちは狂人ですか」といった非難が集中した。
English: Especially, newspapers strongly condemned students as if they committed "lese majesty," including Kyoto Shimbun which posted the article "Disrespect for the Emperor and Kyoto University's responsibility" on November 13.
Japanese: 特に11月13日付で「天皇への無礼と京大の責任」なる論説を掲載した京都新聞を初めとして新聞は学生側を強く非難し、常軌を逸した「不敬罪」であるかのように書き立てた。
English: It is an autobiographical novel written by Shiroyama, a novelist of the same generation as Tetsuro NAKAOAKA, an author of the "open letter."
Japanese: 「公開質問状」執筆者の中岡哲郎とほぼ同世代の作家である城山の自伝的小説。
English: The Sawayanagi incident was an internal conflict that occurred at Kyoto Imperial University (current Kyoto University) from 1913 to 1914 in which the president of the university confronted the faculty council.
Japanese: 沢柳事件（さわやなぎじけん）は、1913年から翌1914年にかけて京都帝国大学（現京都大学）で起こった、総長（学長）と学部教授会との間の内紛事件である。
English: It is also called the "Kyodai incident" and a well-known incident that led to the establishment of faculty council autonomy.
Japanese: 「京大事件」とも呼ばれ、大学における教授会自治を確立させるきっかけとなった事件として知られている。
English: In July 1913, the president of Kyoto Imperial University Masataro SAWAYANAGI, who was appointed by the Ministry of Education two months before, ordered seven professors (one for the medical school, five for the science and engineering school, and one for the literature school) to submit resignation letters because they called for the education reform, and dismissed them in August.
Japanese: 1913年7月、文部省の任命で就任して2ヵ月になったばかりの澤柳政太郎京都帝国大学総長は、教学の刷新を標榜して7教授（医科大学1名、理工科大学5名、文科大学1名）に辞表を提出させ8月に免官を発令した。
English: Tomeri TANIMOTO, a professor of the literature school (current literature department of Kyoto University) (pedagogy) who had been advocating university autonomy for some time, was one of them.
Japanese: このなかには、かねてから学内自治を主張していた谷本富文科大学（現・京大文学部）教授（教育学）が含まれていた。
English: When they learned of the dismissal of seven professors, professors/assistant professors of the law school of Kyoto Imperial University (current law department of Kyoto University) stood together with the principal of the school, (current dean) Kamematsu NIHO being in the center, arguing that authority over personal issues of professors should belong to faculty councils.
Japanese: 7教授罷免に際して京都帝大法科大学（現・京大法学部）の教授・助教授たちは仁保亀松学長（現在の学部長）を中心に結束し、教授の人事権は教授会にありと主張した。
English: The president of the university, Sawayanagi, countered their argument saying that the positions of professors should be maintained by ones ability, rather than by the system, and that the approval of the faculty council is not required for reshuffling professors even under the existing system.
Japanese: これに対し沢柳総長は、教授の地位を保つのはその実であって制度的保障はなく、また現行制度においても教授の任免に教授会の同意は必要でないと反論した。
English: When confrontation intensified between the president and the law school, professors/assistant professors of the law school jointly resigned from their posts in January 1914, and students also supported them.
Japanese: 総長と法科の対立は激化し、翌1914年1月になって法科教授・助教授は抗議の連帯辞職を敢行し、学生たちも教官を支持した。
English: The head of the law school of Tokyo Imperial University supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University, and then Minister for Education Yoshio OKUDA also supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University by saying "in the case of the appointment and dismissal of professors, it is all right and appropriate for the president to conclude the agreement with faculty councils."
Japanese: 東京帝国大学法科の首脳は京大法科を支持、当時の奥田義夫文部大臣も「教授ノ任免ニ付テハ総長カ職権ノ運用上教授会ト協定スルハ差支ナク且ツ妥当ナリ」と京大法科を支持した。
English: Under such circumstances, the president of the university, Sawayanagi, was driven into a corner and was forced to resign from his post in April of the same year (Kenjiro YAMAKAWA, the president of Tokyo Imperial University, was concurrently appointed as a successor).
Japanese: このため同年4月、進退窮まった沢柳総長は辞職に追い込まれた（後任総長は山川健次郎東京帝大総長が兼任した）。
English: As the Minister for Education approved a practice under which faculty councils held essential authority over personnel issues of professors, academic freedom as well as university autonomy became solid.
Japanese: 教官の人事権を事実上教授会が掌握するという慣行を文相が承認したことで、学問の自由大学の自治は大きく前進した。
English: One year after the resignation of Sawayanagi, Torasaburo ARAKI, a professor of the Medical Department, was selected as the president of Kyoto Imperial University, and since then successive presidents were selected from among professors.
Japanese: また京大では沢柳総長辞任の1年後、荒木寅三郎医学部教授を総長として選出、以降総長の学内選出が確立した。
English: Kyoto Imperial University, which was regarded as "the center of university autonomy" thanks to the development and conclusion of the Sawayanagi incident, came to be regarded as an enemy by people who intended to place universities under the government's control under the wartime regime in 1930's.
Japanese: 沢柳事件の経緯と結末により「大学自治の本山」とみなされた京大は、1930年代以降、戦時体制のもとで大学への統制を進めようとする勢力からは敵視されるようになる。
English: Some people say that the above led to the attack on the autonomy of faculty council, which was seen in the Takigawa incident.
Japanese: こうしたことが、滝川事件に見られる教授会自治への攻撃につながったとする見解もある。
English: Shikienkyuten is kuntenbon (a book with guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese) of "Shiki" (Records of the Grand Historian), a Chinese history book written by Sima Qian in the era of Former Han in China, and it was in the form of Kansubon (book in scroll style) transcribed by OE no Iekuni by adding kunten (marks and symbols beside lines of Chinese text to indicate how the text is to be read in Japanese) in 1073 during the Heian period of Japan.
Japanese: 史記延久点（しきえんきゅうてん）とは、中国前漢の司馬遷が著した歴史書『史記』に対して、日本平安時代の延久5年（1073年）に大江家国が書写・加点した巻子本形式の訓点本。
English: However, the existing volumes are only three: the ninth volume of Ryoko hongi of Mori Museum, the tenth volume of Kobun hongi of Tohoku University Library and the eleventh volume of Kokei hongi of Daitokyu memorial library.
Japanese: しかし、現存するのは毛利博物館所蔵の呂后本紀第九・東北大学附属図書館所蔵の孝文本紀第十・大東急記念文庫所蔵の孝景本紀第十一の3巻のみである。
English: It was the oldest written copy of "Shiki" with the date of the transcription clearly marked as well as the oldest Kuntenbon.
Japanese: 年代が明記された『史記』の最古の写本であり、かつ最古の訓点本でもある。
English: It is considered that OE no Iekuni, who was a great-great-grandson of OE no Asatsuna, was one of the successors of Kidendo (the study of the histories), which was kagaku (hereditary learning) of the Oe clan.
Japanese: 大江家国は大江朝綱の玄孫で大江氏の紀伝道の家学を継いだ1人であったと考えられている。
English: The term "Ossho" means the lords of Shoen (manor in medieval Japan) were exempted from and allowed to collect Zatsueki (a kind tax under the Ritsuryo system) (sometimes inclusive of the portion of Kanmotsu (tribute goods -supposed to be paid to Kokuga (provincial government offices) as well as the land of such Shoen.
Japanese: 負所（おっしょ）とは、中世の荘園において、本来は国衙に納めるべき雑役（場合によっては官物の一部を含む）を免除を受け、その分を自己に収めることが出来る荘園領主及びその土地を指す。
English: Many Ossho were the former territories of the Imperial Court or Imperial Family which became Shoen after being donated to temples etc.
Japanese: 元来、朝廷や皇族の所有地であったものが寺院などに寄進されて荘園化されたものが多い。
English: Zatsueki gained from such Shoen was originally collected by Kokuga together with Kanmotsu, but in the case of Ossho, it was directly delivered to the lords of Shoen.
Japanese: 本来こうした荘園の取り分である雑役が国衙が官物とともに一括徴収していたが、負所では荘園領主に直接納入された。
English: It is said that this name was originally used by funin, (people who actually cultivated Ossho).
Japanese: 本来は実際にこれを耕作していた負人（ふにん）側からの呼び名であると言われている。
English: However, while the lords of such Shoen had the privilege to gain a pre-fixed profit even in the year of poor harvest, such pre-fixed profit was low, itto (about 18L) per tan (an area), and they didn't have shitaji-shihaiken (the right to rule the land).
Japanese: ただし、負所の荘園領主は不作の年でも一定の得分を確保する特権を有する代わりに得分そのものが反別一斗程度と低く、下地支配権を持たなかった。
English: Shikimoku was an itemized form of law code used in medieval Japan.
Japanese: 式目（しきもく）とは、中世日本で用いられた箇条書き形式の法令集のこと。
English: The term 'shiki' of the Shikimoku has means shiki of the Kyakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations of the ritsuryo law), while it is allegedly derived from shikijo (code), a form of court noble law which was established to complement Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) that was the last and comprehensive shiki compiled in the Imperial court.
Japanese: 式目の「式」は格式の式という意味もあるが、朝廷で編纂された最後の包括的な式にあたる延喜式を補完するために制定された公家法の形式の1つである式条に由来するとされる。
English: The well-known shikimoku were Goseibai-shikimoku or Joe-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) compiled by Yasutoki HOJO, the regent of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and Kenmu Code compiled by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA as an administrative policy of the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 著名なものとして鎌倉幕府の執権北条泰時が編纂した御成敗式目（貞永式目）及び室町幕府の施政方針として足利直義が編纂した建武式目が著名である。
English: Thus the shikimoku, and the Goseibai-shikimoku in particular, were considered as fundamental laws for samurai government, and a view that the shikimoku was equal to Bukeho was generally accepted.
Japanese: そのため、式目、特に御成敗式目は武家政権の基本法と考えられ、式目＝武家法とのする考え方が広く受け入れられていた。
English: It became evident that provisions for the Goseibai-shikimoku was in accordance with the law formula for the court noble law of the early Kamakura period, which had changed corresponding to the social reality, actually by adding to a new system and Myobo kanmon (written reports to the Imperial Court by scholars of the law).
Japanese: 御成敗式目の条文も実は新制や明法勘文などに積み重ねによって社会の実情に対応して変化していった鎌倉時代前期当時の公家法の法形式に則していることが明らかになっている。
English: That was because the Goseibai-shikimoku was not directed to the general law in samurai society, but it was also intended to evade legal conflicts between the samurai and court noble society.
Japanese: これは御成敗式目が武家社会の一般法を目指したものではなく、武家社会と公家社会の法的衝突の回避の意味も含まれていたからである。
English: According to 'Yasutoki shosokubun' (a letter of Yasutoki HOJO), since the court noble law had been described in Chinese classics and is difficult to be understood, a law written in a style easily understood by samurai was made, meaning that the court noble law was reconstructed and altered to be more understandable for the samurai.
Japanese: 「泰時消息文」によれば、公家法は漢文で記されており難解であるので、武士に分かりやすい文体の法律を作ったとあるが、これは公家法の再構成して武士たちに理解しやすい形態に改めたという意味である。
English: In shikimoku the section of so-called 'reason in the samurai society' regarding incomes from land taxes on shoryo (territory), Nenkiho (a legal principle for the statute of limitations on land in possession) and so force were clearly described, while only indirectly mentioned in the form of proviso, details, and article of exceptions.
Japanese: 所領給与・年紀法などの所謂「武家社会の道理」に関する部分については明記はされているものの、但書や細目、例外条項の形で触れられており、間接的に触れているに過ぎない。
English: That was supposedly because, as Yasutoki mentioned in the 'shosokubun,' he never meant to create a new legal system but contemplated a legal order based on the court noble law and harmony in the samurai society, therefore the Goseibai-shikimoku were the regulations and notes required to achieve this goal.
Japanese: これは、泰時が「消息文」で述べている通り、新しい法体系を作成する意図は無く、むしろ公家法を中心とした法秩序と武家社会の調和を図り、そのために必要な規則・注釈であったからだと考えられている。
English: It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied "Hososhiyo-sho" (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.
Japanese: これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安（訴状・陳状などの法律文書）を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房（幕府連署）や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
English: This tendency was to be further increased in the Kenmu Code of the Muromachi bakufu which placed its center in Kyoto, the central place of the court noble law.
Japanese: これは公家法の中心地である京都に中枢部を置いた室町幕府の建武式目では更にその傾向が強まることになる。
English: Like the court noble law, the Kenmu Code put forward 'thrift' and 'decorum,' and further put Goseibai-shikimoku in its main position of the source of law as 'main code,' thus reportedly bugyonin (a magistrate) always had Goseibai-shikimoku even in the actual lawsuit.
Japanese: 建武式目は公家法と同様に「倹約」「礼節」を前面に掲げ、更に御成敗式目を「本条」としてその法源の主たる地位に置き、実際の訴訟でも奉行人は御成敗式目を常備していたと伝えられている。
English: That was because the Goseibai-shikimoku was comparable to the court noble law and widely accepted in the society since it incorporated the legal conception and 'tokuchi' doctrine (a doctrine for administration based on moral or humanity) common to the samurai law and court noble law.
Japanese: これは御成敗式目が武家法・公家法に共通する法観念や「徳治」理念を抱合した法令という意味で公家法と対峙可能な法令だからであり、社会に広く受け入れられるものであったからである。
English: That was pointed out by the facts that Shikimokusho (a commentary on Goseibai-shikimoku) was compiled during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) of Japan, that the designation of 'shikimoku' was used for bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain), and that many commentaries were written for it as well as it was used for a textbook for writing in the Edo period when a new system of law for samurai government was established.
Japanese: これは戦国時代(日本)に式目抄が編纂されたり、分国法に「式目」の名称が採用されたほか、新たな武家政権の法体系が確立された江戸幕府の時期においても多くの注釈書が書かれ、手習いの教科書として採用された点からも指摘されることである。
English: It was established in 1264, as a special section that handled direct appeal, and so on, previously handled by Hikitsukeshu (Co-adjustor of the High Court) where the first trials were examined.
Japanese: 文永元年（1264年）、これまで、1次の審理を行っていた引付衆が担当していた越訴などを専門として扱う部署として誕生した。
English: Ossotonin (the head of legal institutions) and two or three Ossobugyo (temporary positions in charge of retrials and accepting appeals) from Hikitsukeshu were in commission (according to "Kanto hyojo den" (an annual listing of personnel for the years 1226 and 1232 to 1284) and so on, Ossotonin might be a part of Ossobugyo in a broad sense).
Japanese: 長である越訴頭人と引付衆の中から2・3名の越訴奉行（おっそぶぎょう）から構成（越訴頭人も広義の越訴奉行に含む説もある（『関東評定伝』など））されていた。
English: However, among Hikitsukeshu, particularly joshu (the head) or second-tier vassal, except regency and rensho (assistant to regents), were customarily appointed as ossotonin; for example, the first ossotonin were Sanetoki KANEZAWA and Yasumori ADACHI.
Japanese: しかし、越訴頭人は初代の頭人が金沢実時・安達泰盛であったように引付衆の中でも執権・連署を除く上首（最上位）もしくはそれに次ぐ御家人が任じられる慣例があった。
English: Meanwhile, ossobugyo were chosen from Hikitsukeshu, except for regency, rensho and ossotonin, for each trial.
Japanese: 一方越訴奉行は実際の審理発生ごとに執権・連署・頭人以外の引付衆より選定された。
English: Then, the ossokata, an institution to handle adverse claims to a judicial decision, was excluded when the Hojo clan Tokuso (the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan) seized the lawsuit authority.
Japanese: その後、北条氏得宗による訴訟権限の掌握によって、判決に対する異議申立機関である越訴方の存在は疎外される。
English: In the next year, it was reestablished with Yukifuji NIKAIDO and SETTSU no Dogen as ossotonin upon the repeal of the Tokuseirei.
Japanese: 翌年の徳政令廃止とともに二階堂行藤・摂津道厳を頭人に任命して復置された。
English: However, Tokuso tried to control lawsuits including direct appeals; for example, five Miuchibito (private vassals) of Tokuso Sadatoki HOJO were ordered to take charge to a direct appeal in 1300.
Japanese: だが、正安2年（1300年）には得宗北条貞時の御内人5名が越訴を担当するように命じられるなど、越訴を含めた得宗の訴訟権限支配が模索された。
English: The ossobugyo was organized in the Imperial Court during the period in which Emperor Fushimi had the control of the government from 1287 to 1298), and the ossokata and ossobugyo were organized in the early Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 朝廷でも伏見天皇親政期に越訴奉行が設置され、室町幕府でも初期には越訴方・越訴奉行が設置された。
English: They were thought to have disappeared as an organization and post during the end of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)末期には組織・役職としては消滅したと考えられている。
English: Jikimu refers to immediate dominance of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) by the lord of the manor (honjo [the administrative headquarters of a shoen] and ryoke [virtual proprietor of manor]), executing Shomuken (the authority of the jurisdiction and the administration of Shoen).
Japanese: 直務（じきむ）とは、荘園領主（本所・領家）が荘務権を直接執行して荘園の直接支配（所務）を行うこと。
English: After the Kamakura period, the lord of the manor entrusted shokan (an officer governing shoen), jito (manager and lord of manor), doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders) and so on, with the total management of shoen to collect fixed land tax.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代以後、荘園領主は荘官あるいは地頭、土倉などに現地における管理一切を任せて、定額の年貢納入を請負わせる制度が行われた。
English: When shokan took the post of ukeoi daikan, he called himself daikanuke; when jito and shugo (provincial constable) took the post, they called themselves jitouke and shugouke respectively.
Japanese: 請負代官に就いたのが荘官であれば代官請、地頭であれば地頭請、守護であれば守護請と称した。
English: However, the revenues from shoen had gradually decreased because of the nonpayment of tribute, shitaji chubun (physical division of the land), and the introduction of hanzei (the system in the Muromachi period where the Muromachi bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] allowed military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund).
Japanese: だが、次第に年貢の未進・下地中分や半済の進行によって荘園からの収入が途絶える事態が生じるようになった。
English: Meanwhile, the ukeoi daikan levied harshly from farmers and made it their own profit on site.
Japanese: 一方、現地では請負代官が農民から過酷な取立てを行って自己の収益にする事態も生じていた。
English: Moreover, people living in shoen might be united to create a village community, such as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association), and confront the lord of the manor's side.
Japanese: また、荘民が結合して惣村などの村落共同体が形成されて荘園領主側との対立を起こすこともあった。
English: Then, the lord of the manor sent a local governor (jikimu daikan), who was assigned directly or by his own great vassal, and held direct rule for the site.
Japanese: そこで荘園領主が直接あるいは自己の直臣より任命した代官（直務代官）を派遣して現地を直接支配を行った。
English: The lord of the manor might dismiss a shokan or a jito and recruit a shomu daikan who would take charge of land management.
Japanese: 荘園領主が荘官や地頭を更迭して新たに所務を担当する所務代官を募る例もあった。
English: There was a well-known example of feudal lord's jikimu; in 1501, former Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Masamoto KUJO went to his shoen, Hine no sho, Izumi Province, in order to confront the seizure by Shugo Hosokawa clan.
Japanese: 領主の直務で著名な例は文亀元年（1501年）に前関白九条政基が守護細川氏の押領に対抗するために自己の荘園である和泉国日根荘に下向した例が知られる。
English: As for a well-known example of jikimu daikan, in 1461, farmers of the shoen, Niimi no sho in Mimasaka Province, dismissed the ukeoi daikan Chian YASUTOMI, a vassal of Hosokawa clan, and asked To-ji Temple, which was the feudal lord, to send jikimu daikan; and the request was realized.
Japanese: 直務代官の著名な例としては寛正2年（1461年）に美作国新見荘の請負代官であった細川氏家臣安富智安を現地農民が排除して、領主である東寺に直務代官の派遣を要請して実現させた例が知られている。
English: Tenryuji-bune refers to official trading vessels of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), dispatched to Yuan Dynasty in order to raise funds to build Tenryu-ji Temple during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 天龍寺船（てんりゅうじぶね）は、日本の南北朝時代(日本)、京都天龍寺造営費捻出のために室町幕府公認の下、元(王朝)へ派遣された貿易船（寺社造営料唐船）である。
English: The Emperor Godaigo of the Southern Court (Japan) passed away in 1339.
Japanese: 南朝(日本)の後醍醐天皇は延元4年（1339年、北朝(日本)では暦応2年）に崩御した。
English: Regardless of the side, Takauji ASHIKAGA, the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Northern Court decided to erect Tenryu-ji Temple in order to pray to Buddha for the happiness of the deceased emperor at Muso Soseki's suggestion (it is said that Takauji might be afflicted by the Emperor Godaigo's vindictive spirit).
Japanese: 北朝の征夷大将軍足利尊氏は敵味方の立場を超え、菩提を弔うために、夢窓疎石の勧めに従って天龍寺創建を決定した（尊氏が後醍醐天皇の怨霊に悩まされていたともいう）。
English: Then, he decided to change Kameyama-dono Palace, Sagano, which was originally a detached palace of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama), into a Zen temple and found as Tenryu-ji Temple placing Muso as kaisan (a founder of temple as the first chief priest).
Japanese: そこで元々大覚寺統の離宮であった嵯峨野の亀山殿を禅院に改め、夢窓を開山として天龍寺を創建することを決めた。
English: In the beginning, the revenue from the Imperial estate of Aki and Suo Provinces was planned to cover the construction expenses.
Japanese: 造営費用には当初、安芸国・周防国両国の公領からの収入をあてる計画であった。
English: However, the newly founded Muromachi bakufu was financially pressed from conducting the battle with the Southern Court, and the land tax from manor and Imperial estate was delayed.
Japanese: しかし、成立間もない室町幕府は南朝との戦いにより財政的に逼迫した状況にあり、荘園・公領からの年貢も滞っていた
English: Vice-Shogun Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA agreed to Tenryu-ji Temple construction as a reconciliation policy of the profit conflict concerning the territory of the samurai class, the court nobles, and temples and shrines due to the disturbance of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Japanese: 南北朝の動乱による武家・公家・寺社の所領をめぐる利益衝突の融和策として天龍寺建立に賛同した副将軍・足利直義。
English: He consulted with Muso and considered sending trading vessels to Yuan in order to raise funds to build the temple, following an example of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 彼は夢窓と相談し、鎌倉幕府の例にならって、寺社造営料唐船の派遣を検討する。
English: He invited comments from hakase (teachers) of Myogyodo (the study of Confucian classics) and Myobodo (the study of Codes) of Imperial Court, and so on; there were various dissenting opinions from the bakufu and Imperial Court.
Japanese: 朝廷の明経道・明法道博士などの意見も求めたが、幕府・朝廷から様々な反対意見が多かった。
English: Moreover, in those days, Yuan officials rigorously restricted entry or departure of the port, regarding any Japanese ship, which entered Neiha city (Mingzhou, later Ningbo), as a pirate ship after the Wako Incident from 1335 to 1336.
Japanese: また当時、元側でも1335年から1336年にかけての倭寇事件を契機に、寧波市（明州、のちの寧波）に入港する日本船を海賊船と見なして、港の出入を厳しく制限していた。
English: On February 7, 1342, Tadayoshi complied with Muso's repeated earnest request and proposed that two vessels would make a voyage in fall in the following year, and that the profit gained from the trade would cover the expense for constructing Tenryu-ji Temple.
Japanese: しかし度重なる夢窓の懇請を受け、暦応4年12月23日(旧暦)（1342年1月30日）直義は夢窓に対し、翌年秋に宋船2艘を渡航させ、交易で得られた利益を天龍寺造営にあてるよう提案する。
English: Shihon was promised 5000 kanmon (approximately 50,000 yen) on his return regardless of the outcome of trade; he sailed to Yuan in September 1342, the following year, as scheduled.
Japanese: 至本は貿易の成否に関わらず、帰国時に現金5000貫文を納めることを約し、予定の通り翌康永元年（1342年）8月に元へ渡航した。
English: It was for the first time in a decade as a trading vessels dispatched to Yuan from Japan in order to raise funds to build a temple or a shrine since Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine zoeiryo tosen (trading vessels dispatched to Tang-Dynasty in order to raise funds to construct Sumiyoshi-taisha shrine), which was dispatched in 1332.
Japanese: 日本からの寺社造営料唐船としては元弘2年（1332年）に派遣された住吉大社造営料唐船以来、10年ぶりとなった。
English: Approximately 60 Zen monks, including Shokai Reiken, Unbo Eitaku (雲夢裔沢), Nankai Hoshu (南海宝洲), Tennen Koun (天然興雲), and Guchu Shukyu, boarded the Tenryuji-bune.
Japanese: 天龍寺船にも性海霊見・雲夢裔沢・南海宝洲・天然興雲・愚中周及など約60名の禅僧が乗船した。
English: However, many were hindered by the constituted authorities of Yuan, and it is said that only 11 of them, including Guchu, could enter Mingzhou.
Japanese: しかし多くは元の官憲に阻まれ、入明を果たしたのは愚中ら11人のみだったという。
English: Construction of Tenryu-ji Temple was started with the profits of the trade, and it was completed in November, 1343.
Japanese: このときの利益を元に天龍寺の建設が進められ、康永2年（1343年）11月に竣工。