nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Initially, the number of shuto of Kofuku-ji Temple was determined as 20 by the Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), and they were put in charge of the assistance of betto (the superior of a temple) and Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple) (kanpu-shuto).
Japanese: 本来同寺の衆徒は太政官符によって20名と定められ、別当や三綱の補佐にあたることになっていた（官符衆徒）。
English: Gradually the influential monzeki (temple formerly led by the founder of the sect, or the temple in which resided a member of nobility or the Imperial Family), such as Ichijoin Temple and Daijoin Temple, incorporated warriors and myoshu (owners of rice fields) as gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods) in order to strengthen their influence, and put them in charge of duties such as trials in the temple and the city of Nara lead by Gakuryo.
Japanese: 次第に一乗院・大乗院などといった有力な門跡が自己の発言力の増大のために国内の武士や名主などを御家人などと称して自己の衆徒に組み入れ、自院の学侶に率いさせて寺内や奈良の町の検断などに従事させた。
English: It also sometimes played the same role as above, incorporated into the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of Kasuga-sha Shrine, which was integrated with Kofuku-ji Temple by the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, and such jinin of Kasuga-sha Shrine was called 'Kokumin.'
Japanese: また、神仏習合によって興福寺と一体化していた春日社の神人に組み入れられて同様の役割を果たすこともあり、こうした春日社神人を「国民」と呼んだ。
English: The major shuto of Yamato Province include the Tsutsui and Ochi clans under Ichijoin Temple, and the Tochi and Furuichi clans under Daijoin Temple.
Japanese: 代表的な大和の衆徒として一乗院傘下の筒井氏・越智氏、大乗院傘下の十市氏・古市氏などがいる。
English: After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), these shuto became the lords of their ruling areas and tried to expand their powers against the background of the power of Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 南北朝時代_(日本)以後、これらの衆徒は自らの支配地域を獲得して領主化し、興福寺の権威を背景に更なる勢力拡大を図った。
English: Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the sixth seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), edged into the human affairs of the both monzeki in order to establish the bakufu's power in Yamato Province, and assigned the Tsutsui clan as Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable) of the province.
Japanese: 室町幕府第6代征夷大将軍足利義教は、大和国内に幕府の支配権を確立するために両門跡の人事に介入し、更に筒井氏を大和国守護代に任じた。
English: The Ochi clan and others were opposed to this, and showed the movements against bakufu and the Tsutsui clan, and the influential Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) intervened as well, which led to the long-term infighting which preceded the Onin War and continued thereafter.
Japanese: これに反発した越智氏などが反幕府・反筒井氏の動きを見せ、そこに有力守護大名も介入して応仁の乱を挟んだ長期の内紛へと発展した。
English: In the Onin War, Junei TSUTSUI of the Eastern Camp and Iehide OCHI and Choin FURUICHI of the Western Camp fought a hard battle, and after that their descendants continued fighting in Yamato Province until the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
Japanese: 応仁の乱では東軍の筒井順永と西軍の越智家栄・古市澄胤が激しく争い、以後大和国内は彼らの子孫たちによって群雄割拠された状態で戦国時代_(日本)を迎えることになる。
English: During the Sengoku Period, Junsho TSUTSUI became a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) by ruling the majority of the province temporarily, but after he died suddenly and the infant Junkei TSUTSUI succeeded him, the Ochi clan fought back and broke the control of the Tsutsui clan.
Japanese: 戦国時代には筒井順昭が一時国内の大半を平定して戦国大名化を進めるが、順昭が急死して幼少の筒井順慶が後を継ぐと、越智氏らが反撃して筒井氏の支配は解体した。
English: Moreover, threading his way through them, Hisahide MATSUNAGA who served under Nagayoshi MIYOSHI invaded Yamato Province, sent Junkei into exile and defeated the Ochi clan and others, and thereby obtained the position of Shugoshiki of Yamato Province from Kofuku-ji Temple in 1559.
Japanese: 更にその間隙を縫って三好長慶配下の松永久秀が大和に攻め込んで順慶を追放、越智氏らを屈服させて永禄2年（1559年）興福寺から大和国守護職の地位を奪った。
English: Subsequently, Junkei TSUTSUI came back to the daimyo of Yamato Province under the Shokuho government (the government of Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, "shoku" and "ho" being the initial letters of Oda and Toyotomi), he established a ruling system that had two aspects of the lord of Yamato Province externally and the hoin-sozu (highest rank among Buddhist priests) as the representative of the kanpu-shuto, which was succeeded for generations in the province.
Japanese: その後、織豊政権政権のもとで大和一国の大名として復活した筒井順慶は、対外的には大和国主として国内的には父祖代々継承してきた官符衆徒の代表として法印僧都の地位に就くという二面性を持った支配体制を確立する。
English: However, after Junkei's death Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI gave Yamato Province to his brother Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, thus defying the conventional ruling system, and broke up the shuto and Kokumin by compulsion.
Japanese: だが、順慶の死後には豊臣秀吉が弟の豊臣秀長に大和一国を与えて、既存の支配体制を否定、衆徒・国民を強制的に解散させた。
English: He allowed Kofuku-ji Temple to adopt only original 20 kanpu-shuto as office workers or security, and give them 380 koku in total.
Japanese: 興福寺に対しては官符衆徒本来の20氏（名）のみを寺内の事務・警備要員として採用して総計380石を与えることを認めたのである。
English: It is known as a temple of Okozui (Tokko water) and, recently, Japanese hydrangea.
Japanese: 独鈷水（おこうずい）の寺として、また近年はアジサイの寺としても知られている。
English: It is said to have started when Enchin found a statue of Juichimen Senju Sengan Kannon Bosatsu based on an omen in a dream and built a hall to enshrine it in this place.
Japanese: 延鎮が夢のお告げによりこの地に十一面千手千眼観世音菩薩像を発見し堂を建て安置したのが始まりとされる。
English: One day Kukai saw a blind monkey washing its eyes with spring water that welled up from this land, so he spread this water as Okozui, saying it was effective for eye problems.
Japanese: その際に猿が瞑れた目をここの湧き水で洗っていたのを見た空海が眼病に効く独鈷水として広めた。
English: The wooden statue of Juichimen Senju Sengan Kannon Bosatsu (an important cultural property designated by Kyoto Prefecture) - Gokaicho (unveiling a Buddhist image): the 17th and 18th of each month
Japanese: 木造十一面千手観音立像（府指定重要文化財）　－　毎月17,18日にご開帳
English: It is 13 minutes by taxi from Nagaokatenjin Station of the Hankyu Corporation Kyoto Line or a 30-minute walk from the Okukaiinji bus stop.
Japanese: 阪急電鉄京都本線長岡天神駅よりタクシーで13分またはバスで奥海印寺下車後徒歩30分
English: It's 20 minutes by taxi from Nagaokakyo Station of the West Japan Railway Tokaido Main Line (JR Kyoto Line) or a 30-minute walk from the Okukaiinji bus stop.
Japanese: 西日本旅客鉄道東海道本線（JR京都線）長岡京駅よりタクシーで20分またはバスで奥海印寺下車後徒歩30分
English: Some extra buses are available from Oyamazaki Station of the Hankyu Corporation Kyoto Line on the 17th of each month, on the day of the fair (commemorating the anniversary of the founder's death).
Japanese: 17日の縁日（命日）のみ阪急電鉄京都本線大山崎駅より楊谷寺門前まで臨時バスの便あり。
English: By car: Kyoto and Osaka Prefectural Road No. 79, Fushimi Yanagidani Takatsuki Route (caution is required when merging and separating on both the Nagaokakyo City side and Shimamoto-cho side); a parking lot is available.
Japanese: 車　京都府道・大阪府道79号伏見柳谷高槻線(長岡京市側、島本町側ともに一部離合困難箇所があるので要注意)駐車場完備
English: Kanjin was work done by Buddhist monks in connection with missionary activities intended to bring relief to people.
Japanese: 勧進（かんじん）とは、仏教の僧侶が衆庶の救済のための布教活動の一環として行われる行為の1つである。
English: Specifically, some monks directly encouraged people to recite nenbutsu (Buddhist prayers) or jukyo (chanting or reading the sutras), and others called for people to offer money for building, repairing and remodeling a new temple or statue.
Japanese: その内容としては直接民衆に説いて念仏・誦経などの行為を勧める者や寺院・仏像などの新造あるいは修復・再建のために浄財の寄付を求める者がいた。
English: Kanjin refers to the work of monks in which they encouraged or persuaded followers and supporters to offer money for building and repairing temples.
Japanese: 勧進とは、寺院の建立や修繕などのために、信者や有志者を説きすすめてその費用を奉納させることをいう。
English: Originally it meant to lead people to butsudo (Buddhist teachings) in order to do good deeds through donations, but in later years it generally meant to hold entertaining performances as a means of collecting donations and devoting the collected admission fees to kanjin.
Japanese: そのことにより人びとを仏道に導き入れ、作善をなさしめるのが元来の意であったが、のちには寄付を集める方法として興行を催し、観覧料の収入をもってこれに当てるという意味としても広く用いられた。
English: In the middle ages, kanjin was a source of funds for public works ranging from the construction and maintenance of bridges and roads to the building and repair of kanji (state-sponsored temples) (including temple bells, Buddhist statues and handwritten sutra), although the Chotei (Imperial Court) or kokuga (provincial government) should have done so.
Japanese: 中世においては、橋や道路の修理・整備から官寺（鐘や仏像、写経をふくむ）の建設や修造など、本来は朝廷（国家）や国衙（地方行政機関）がおこなうべき公共事業も、勧進によってなされた。
English: Monks engaged in kanjin would tour the countryside, carrying with them a book called Kanjin cho (described below) and collecting contributions by offering Isshi Hansen (a piece of paper for a half-mon (currency) meaning very little) at the feet of bridges or in front of temple gates.
Japanese: 勧進をおこなう者は、勧進帳（後述）をたずさえて諸国を遍歴したり、橋のたもとや寺社の門前、関所などで「一紙半銭」の寄付を募った。
English: Initially, monks called kanjin-hijiri, kanjin-so or kanjin-shonin were mainly engaged in kanjin.
Japanese: 初期の勧進は主として勧進聖（かんじんひじり）・勧進僧（かんじんそう）・勧進上人（かんじんしょうにん）と呼ばれる僧侶によって担われていた。
English: They took only necessary expenses from the collected contributions and devoted the rest to works for the public.
Japanese: 彼らは必要経費のみをそこから受け取り、残りを事業達成のための寄付に充てた。
English: Famous kanjin monks included Gyoki in the Nara period, and Kuya and Gyoen in the Heian period.
Japanese: こうした勧進聖としては、奈良時代の行基や平安時代の空也・行円などが著名である。
English: Some nuns who participated in kanjin activities were called kanjin bikuni.
Japanese: また、尼の中にも勧進活動に加わるものもおり、これを勧進比丘尼（かんじんびくに）と呼ぶ。
English: There were, however, many nuns who didn't fit the original definition of kanjin bikuni; some of the kanjin bikuni were miko (shrine maidens) who looked like nuns due to the influence of shinbutsu shugo (syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism), and others in the early modern times were engaged in sexual activities.
Japanese: ただし、勧進比丘尼の中には神仏習合の影響を受けて尼の形態をした巫女なども含まれており、また近世に入ると遊女的な行いをする者も存在したため、純粋な尼とは言えない者が多かった。
English: Nevertheless, more than a few kanjin bikuni whose services are highly recognized; for example, Seijun in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) were engaged in kanjin as the means to rebuild temples.
Japanese: それでも戦国時代(日本)の清順のように勧進活動によって寺院を再興した勧進比丘尼も少なからずおり、その活動も評価されるものであった。
English: It was in and after the twelfth century that these kanjin activities were generally accepted by people and spread throughout society.
Japanese: こうした勧進があまねく庶民に受容され、広く社会に浸透していくのは、およそ12世紀以降のことである。
English: Kinpusen-ji Temple's bell in Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture) was made in 1141 through the kanjin of a kanjin-so called Dojaku, and Uji-bashi Bridge in Yamashiro Province (Kyoto Prefecture) and Seta no karahashi Bridge in Omi Province (Shiga Prefecture) which were under Chotei (Imperial Court) control were repaired and maintained through kanjin in the twelfth century.
Japanese: 鐘については、保延7年（1141年）に大和国（奈良県）の金峯山寺の鐘が勧進僧道寂の勧進によって作られており、国家管理の橋であった山城国（京都府）の宇治橋や近江国（滋賀県）瀬田の唐橋も、12世紀に入ると勧進によって管理・維持がなされるようになっている。
English: Seki-dera Temple, in Omi, was also reconstructed in 1179 through the kanjin of monks from the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).
Japanese: また、近江関寺の再興は治承3年（1179年）の南無阿聖人の勧進によるものである。
English: In 1180, Todai-ji Temple burned to the ground in the fire of the southern capital set by the Taira clan government.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）の平氏政権による南都焼き討ちによって東大寺は灰燼に帰した。
English: Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who felt concern about this destruction, asked monks to cooperate in the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple through kanjin, and in 1181 he appointed Chogen to the position of Dai Kanjin shoku in order to lead the monks in their activities.
Japanese: これを憂慮した後白河法皇は、勧進聖らに東大寺再建のための勧進活動への協力を求め、養和元年（1181年）、その責任者として重源を大勧進職（だいかんじんしょく）に任命した。
English: Chogen, who was then 61 years old, organized monks (kanjin-hijiri and kanjin-so) as well as engineers and craftsmen to handle the engineering and decoration works so that the monks could collect the funds needed for rebuilding the temple and the engineers and craftsmen could start rebuilding the temple with the funds they'd collected.
Japanese: 当時、61歳だった重源は勧進聖や勧進僧、土木建築や美術装飾に関わる技術者・職人を集めて組織して、勧進活動によって再興に必要な資金を集め、それを元手に技術者・職人が実際の再建事業に従事した。
English: Chogen himself asked Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Kanezane KUJO, in Kyoto, and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, in Kamakura, to make jozai (donations).
Japanese: また、重源自身も、京都の後白河法皇や九条兼実、鎌倉の源頼朝などに浄財寄付を依頼している。
English: Todai-ji Temple was rebuilt through the efforts of Chogen and people organized by him, although they had faced many problems during the construction process.
Japanese: 途中、いくつもの課題もあったものの、重源と彼が組織した人々の働きによって東大寺は再建された。
English: Chogen also asked Saigyo to travel to Ou (Mutsu and Dewa provinces) to collect donations of sakin (gold dust) for the rebuilding of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: なお、重源は東大寺再建に際し、西行に奥羽への砂金勧進を依頼している。
English: The position of Dai Kanjin shoku, a post responsible for rebuilding and managing the facilities of Todai-ji Temple, was taken over; appointed were Eisai (the second), Gyoyu (the third), Enni (the tenth), Ninsho (the fourteenth) and Enkan (the twenty-fourth).
Japanese: 以後も東大寺の施設の再建や管理維持のための役職として大勧進職は継続され、栄西（2代目）・行勇（3代目）・円爾（10代目）・忍性（14代目）・円観（24代目）らが任命された。
English: Although the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple was suspended during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) due to financial difficulties, it was completed after Kokei revived the position of Todaiji Dai Kanjin shoku.
Japanese: 戦国時代に財政難によって一度は廃絶されるも江戸時代の再建時には公慶が大勧進職を復興して東大寺の再建を果たしている。
English: This system, which had made possible the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple, became popular among other temples, and major temples often installed the Kanjin shoku position in order to restrict them.
Japanese: 東大寺を再建させたこの制度は他の寺院にも用いられて、有力寺院の再建には勧進職（かんじんしょく）が任命されるのが恒例とされた。
English: After the revival of the Risshu sect (including the Shingon Risshu sect) during the Kamakura period, the Risshu sect gained a high reputation because it prohibited its monks from having self-interest, obliged them to divide profits (if any) equally among themselves, and shifted its priority from the study of teaching to a close tie with the working class through its missionary works.
Japanese: 特に鎌倉時代に律宗（真言律宗含む）が再興されると、律宗が僧侶が私利私欲を抱くことを戒めて、利益を得た場合にはその公平な配分を義務付けたこと、更に新しい律宗が従来の教学研究専念を脱却して、布教による職人階層との関係を強めたことで評価を得た。
English: However, as time progressed problems arose, including conflicts among temples over the post of kanjinshoku and the emergence of kanjin shoku, which monopolized profits, concurrently with the decline of the Risshu sect; kanjin shoku became a kind of post that involved vested interest, because the chotei (Imperial Court) and the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) not only made direct contributions to the Kanjin shoku monks but also offered a shoryo (territory) (for example, all of Sue Province) for making money for the destruction of temples.
Japanese: だが、時代が進むにつれて朝廷や幕府などが勧進職に対して直接的な寄付を行うだけではなく、所領などを与えて（東大寺の周防国一国など）その収益から再建費用を捻出させるように取り計らったたために、勧進職は一種の利権の絡む役職となり、更に律宗の衰微も加わって、勧進職を巡る寺内の抗争や、その収益を私する勧進職が出現するなど問題も生じた。
English: Furthermore some monks, who earnestly devoted themselves to such construction works, focused more on political negotiations with magnates such as the chotei and bakufu in order to obtain funds for reconstruction instead of collecting money through kanjin.
Japanese: また、熱心に再建に尽くした僧侶の中にも再建のための財源を勧進活動には依存せずに、朝廷や幕府、その他の有力者との政治交渉による再建費用獲得などに力を入れる僧侶もいた。
English: It is true that, even with the change in circumstances, many monks worked hard traveling the countryside for the sake of their kanjin activities, but there were those who disguised themselves as monks but in effect begged for money (or some kanjin bikuni who prostituted themselves, as mentioned above).
Japanese: 勿論、そのような時代になっても全国各地を回って勧進に尽力する勧進聖らも少なくなかったが、反面勧進聖を名乗って実態は物乞いなどの行為を行う者も現れる（前述の勧進比丘尼の遊女化もその1つである）ようになった。
English: Consequently, the reputation of kanjin monks declined within the circle of temples (including the kanjin shoku monks) as well as among the general public.
Japanese: 結果的に寺院内部（勧進職を含めて）や世間一般から蔑視されるような状況も生まれた。
English: Eventually, words beginning with 'kanjin' emerged, stemming from the activities of 'kanjin.'
Japanese: 後にこの「勧進」のスタイルを基にした様々な「勧進○○」と称されるものが出現することとなる。
English: Kanjin cho, or kange cho, refers to a rolled book that describes the objectives of kanjin.
Japanese: 勧進帳（かんじんちょう）とは、勧化帳（かんげちょう）とも呼ばれており、勧進の目的について書かれた巻物形式の趣意書を指す。
English: It begins with hotsugan (a vow to attain enlightenment and save people) and explains the kudoku (merits) of praying to Amitabha and reciting a sutra and another kudoku (benefits in this world and for entering into the bliss of Heaven) resulting from monetary donations and good deeds.
Japanese: 勧進の発願趣旨に始まり、念仏・誦経の功徳、寄付・作善に関わることによる功徳（現世利益・極楽往生）などを説いている。
English: Kanjin-hijiri monks read and showed this book to people who gathered to hear preaching, and encouraged them to have a relationship with Buddha through donations and good deeds.
Japanese: 勧進聖は説教を聞くために集まった人々に対してこれを読み上げ、あるいは閲覧させて、寄付・作善を通じた結縁を呼びかけた。
English: I hereby request that all believers in Buddhism provide support for our civil engineering project aimed at repairing the Buddhist statue and rebuilding Todai-ji Temple, in accordance with the Emperor's order.
Japanese: 特に十方檀那の助成を蒙り、絲綸の旨に任せ、土木の功を終へ、仏像を修補し、堂宇を営作せんと請う状
English: As a sacred Buddhist center that serves to spread Buddhism in Japan, Todai-ji Temple has provided us Buddhist believers with protection from wind and rain by its tiled roofs rising high into the sky.
Japanese: 右当伽藍は風雨を天半に軼べ、棟甍の竦櫂を有ち、仏法恢弘の精舎、神明保護の霊地なり。
English: The famous 80-foot statue of Miroku Buddha, in northern India, sheds the light of wisdom on a Buddhist celebration day every month, while the 50-meter great statue of Buddha at Todai-ji Temple has brought benefits to the Japanese people over many decades.
Japanese: 彼の北天竺八十尺弥勒菩薩は光明を毎月の斎日に現じ、此の東大寺の十六丈盧舎那仏は利益を数代の聖朝に施す。
English: Walking on the riverbanks this spring, we hear people wailing among the camellia trees that stand in the heavy morning mist, and when we raise our eyes to the heavens we feel a mist of sadness clouding our hearts.
Japanese: 跋提河の春の浪哀声再び聞え、沙羅林の朝の雲憂色重て聳え、眼を戴いて天を迎げば、則ち白霧胸に塞りて散せず。
English: When we look down at the ground, we feel our sorrow deepen by the dust of ash glowing red in the sun, causing everyone to cry over what we have lost.
Japanese: 首を傾けて地に俯すれば、亦紅塵面に満ちて忽ち昏く、天下誰か之を歔欷せざらん。
English: Let us then follow the example of our ancestors, who took the initiative to build Todai-ji Temple during the Jogan and Engi eras, in order to achieve the reconstruction of the temple under the orders of the current Emperor in collaboration with people from across the country.
Japanese: 玆に因って、遠く貞観延喜の奮規を訪び、近く今上宣下の勅命に任せ、須らく都鄙をして、以って営作を遂げしむ可し。
English: I therefore urgently request that all Buddhist believers, the rich and the poor alike, work together to the best of their abilities to achieve our purpose.
Japanese: 伏して乞う、十方一切同心合力、家々の清虚を謂ふこと莫れ、只力の能ふ所に任す可し。
English: Please respond to our request and give us whatever donation you are able to offer - a piece of cloth, iron scrap, a piece of wood or even half a penny.
Japanese: 尺布寸鉄と雖も一木半銭と雖も、必ず勧進の詞に答え、各奉加の志を抽んでよ。
English: Then, you will be awarded the highest honor among Buddhist believers in this world and will be allowed to sit in a lotus flower in the next world.
Japanese: 然らば、即ち与善の輩結縁の人、現世には松柏の樹を指して比算し、当来に芙蕖の華に坐して結跏せん。
English: A famous program of the Kabuki play entitled "Kanjincho" came from a scene in which Musashibo Benkei recites Kanjincho in front of Yasuie TOGASHI.
Japanese: なお、歌舞伎の演目として知られる『勧進帳』も武蔵坊弁慶が富樫左衛門の前で勧進帳を読み上げる場面に由来している。
English: Kanjin bune was a boat in the middle ages on which kanjin-hijiri monks were sent to promote kanjin.
Japanese: 勧進船（かんじんぶね）は、中世に勧進を進めるために勧進聖らに乗船をさせた船。
English: Monks preached mainly on the boats that visited key water-transportation points in order to collect donations.
Japanese: 主に水上交通の要所を経由する船内で乗客のために説法などを行わせて寄付を募らせた。
English: In later years, entertainers were sent to such boats to carry out kanjin activities, and it has been said that some were like floating entertainment halls.
Japanese: 後に勧進を目的とした芸能の徒なども乗船させるようになったり、水上演芸船の様相を呈したものもあったという。
English: Kanjin Heike refers to a total of 200 phrases of "Tale of the Heike," as narrated by Biwa Hoshi to collect money for temple repairs.
Japanese: 勧進平家（かんじんへいけ）は、寺社の改修費用などを集めるために琵琶法師が『平家物語』の全200句を語ったもの。
English: To pass on the words and music of the entire Heike tale to the next generation, all the phrases must be recited, but it is said to have taken approximately 90 to 120 hours.
Japanese: 平家詞曲相伝の立場からは、全句を語るのに要した時間はおよそ90時間から120時間程度とされている。
English: In the article of January 3, 1362 (old lunar calendar) of "Moromori-ki Diary" described that Kakuichi AKASHI, Biwa Hoshi and kengyo (temple or shrine administrators) performed the Kanjin Heike in 1362.
Japanese: 貞治2年（1362年）に、琵琶法師の検校明石覚一が勧進平家を演じた記録が、『師守記』の同年正月3日の条に見える。
English: Gojo Takakura Yakushido' means Byodo-ji Temple (Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City), which is well known for 'Inabado' of the Kyogen play.
Japanese: なお、「五条高倉薬師堂」とは、狂言「因幡堂」で知られる京都市下京区の平等寺(京都市下京区)のことである。
English: Kanjin Heike were often performed during the Edo period, too; kengyo (temple or shrine administrators) are said to have commonly spent about a month narrating all the phrases on rotation.
Japanese: 勧進平家は、江戸時代にもさかんに行われ、複数の検校が約1ヶ月かけて交代で全句を語ることが多かったという。
English: A record from the Edo period states that such performances provided a golden opportunity for lovers of the tale, because the number of favored phrases most Biwa Hoshi narrated in Heike Biwa was estimated at about 50.
Japanese: 江戸時代の記録より、琵琶平家琵琶などで好んで語られるのは50句程度であったものと推定されることから、愛好家にとっては、滅多に聴けない句を聴くことのできる、またとない機会となった。
English: Sumo Sechie (sumo performed at the Imperial Court of ancient Japan) as a court event was abolished in 1174.
Japanese: 宮廷行事としての相撲節会は承安(日本)4年（1174年）に廃止されている。
English: Later, sumo took hold in the buke shakai (samurai society) and was held in the residential sites of bushi (samurai).
Japanese: その後、相撲は武家社会に根づき、武士たちの屋敷で行われるようになった。
English: On the other hand, the Ozumo we see today originates from Kanjin Zumo, which was held during the Edo period to make money for the demolition and construction of shrines and temples.
Japanese: いっぽう、現在の大相撲は神社仏閣の再興や造営の費用を捻出するための江戸時代初期の勧進相撲（かんじんずもう）に端を発している。
English: In those days, professional rikishi (sumo wrestlers) were emerging regionally and were invited to compete in Kanjin Zumo.
Japanese: 当時、各地に職業的な力士集団が生まれつつあり、勧進相撲に招かれては出場した。
English: However, violence continued in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), causing various problems, and Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued an order banning kanjin sumo in 1648 on the basis of 'disorderly conduct.'
Japanese: しかし、戦国時代の気風が抜けきれず、様々な問題を引き起こしたため、江戸幕府は慶安元年（1648年）に「風紀を乱す」という理由で勧進相撲禁止令を出している。
English: The ban on kanjin sumo was gradually lifted from the period of Jokyo to Genroku; in Tokyo, restrictions on spectacular sumo matches were significantly relaxed in the 1680s.
Japanese: 貞享から元禄にかけて、勧進相撲の禁令は随時解かれていき、江戸でも1680年代に興行制限が大幅に緩和された。
English: According to the record, sumo matches resumed at Okazaki-jinja Shrine in Kyoto in 1699 and at the present-day Minami Horie-koen Park (Minami Horie, Nishi Ward, Osaka City) in 1702.
Japanese: 京都では元禄12年（1699年）に岡崎神社で再開されたという記録がのこり、大坂では、元禄15年（1702年）に現在の南堀江公園（大阪市西区(大阪市)南堀江）で再開されたとの記録がある。
English: Groups of wrestlers are said to have belonged to the Satsuma, Kubota, Nanbu, Tsugaru and Sendai domains, as well as Nagasaki City, Osaka and Kyoto, and the provinces of Owari, Kii, Sanuki, Harima, Inaba and Higo.
Japanese: なお、おもな力士集団は、久保田藩、南部藩、津軽藩、仙台藩、大坂、京、尾張国、紀伊国、讃岐国、播磨国、因幡国、長崎市、肥後国、薩摩藩にあったという。
English: In Kanjin sumo, each of the Edo zumo, Kyoto zumo and Osaka zumo didn't have its own group of wrestlers; instead, groups of wrestlers were invited from regions to participate in spectacular sumo matches by contract with the organizer of the kanjin.
Japanese: 勧進相撲は、江戸相撲、京都相撲、大坂相撲の各々が独立した力士集団をもつのではなく、各国の力士集団が勧進元との契約によって招かれて相撲興行に参加するという形式をとった。
English: After the ban on kanjin sumo matches was completely lifted in Tokyo in 1742, the system of Shiki Kanjin zumo (seasonal kanjin zumo) was established in which spring matches were held in Tokyo, summer matches in Kyoto, autumn matches in Osaka and winter matches in Tokyo.
Japanese: やがて、寛保2年（1742年）に江戸で勧進興行のすべてにわたって解禁され、春は江戸、夏は京、秋は大坂、冬は江戸で「四季勧進相撲」を実施するという体制が確立していく。
English: The name 'kanjin sumo' continued to be used after its purpose shifted from contributing to the construction of shrines and temples.
Japanese: 神社仏閣の再興などに資することがなくなっても「勧進相撲」の名称はのこった。