nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: While Saigyo's track record relating to poems in his youth, it seems certain that he associated with FUJIWARA no Toshinari while belonging to the circle of tanka poets under the Retired Emperor Sutoku.
Japanese: 和歌に関する若年時の事跡はほとんど伝わらないが、崇徳院歌壇にあって藤原俊成と交を結んだであろうことはほぼ間違いないと思われる。
English: After entering the priesthood, it seems that there was a certain distance between Saigyo and the circle of tanka poets due to his living in the mountains and traveling but, in 1187, he organized a poetry contest called "Mimosusogawa Utaawase" and asked Toshinari to be the judge.
Japanese: 出家後は山居や旅行のために歌壇とは一定の距離があったようだが、文治3年(1187年)に自歌合『御裳濯河歌合』を成して俊成の判を請った。
English: Saigyo also organized another poetry contest "Miyagawa Utaawase" and it is significant that he asked FUJIWARA no Teika, who was nothing more than a budding poet in those days, to be the judge of the contest (These two utaawase were dedicated to the Inner Shrine and the Outer Shrine of the Grand Shrine of Ise, respectively).
Japanese: またさらに自歌合『宮河歌合』を作って当時いまだ一介の新進歌人に過ぎなかった藤原定家に判を請うたことは特筆に価する（この二つの歌合はそれぞれ伊勢神宮の内宮と外宮に奉納された）。
English: Although it is often considered that Saigyo was a poet who maintained his own individuality by refusing to belong to any of the schools, whereby he stayed an outsider to the world of tanka poets and distanced himself from convention or tradition; however, it must be emphasized that this is clearly a misperception of Saigyo.
Japanese: しばしば西行は「歌壇の外にあっていかなる流派にも属さず、しきたりや伝統から離れて、みずからの個性を貫いた歌人」として見られがちであるが、これはあきらかに誤った西行観であることは強調されねばならない。
English: First and foremost, Saigyo was the central figure in the world of tanka poets who appeared as a new and experimental type of poet in times of the cloistered government and, along with Toshinari, perfected a poetry style which was to become the key note of Senzaishu (Senzai Wakashu) creating a flow to lead into Shinkokin Wakashu.
Japanese: あくまで西行は院政期の実験的な新風歌人として登場し、俊成とともに千載集の主調となるべき風を完成させ、そこからさらに新古今へとつながる流れを生み出した歌壇の中心人物であった。
English: That flow was carried on by generations of poets including Gotobain, Sogi and Basho MATSUO.
Japanese: 後鳥羽院をはじめとして、宗祇・松尾芭蕉にいたるまでその流れは尽きない。
English: After the Muromachi period, in particular, it is necessary to note that Saigyo was respected and admired not only as a poet but also as a traveler as well as a person who pursued two careers such as writing poems and living in the priesthood.
Japanese: 特に室町時代以降、単に歌人としてのみではなく、旅のなかにある人間として、あるいは歌と仏道という二つの道を歩んだ人間としての西行が尊崇されていたことは注意が必要である。
English: To Sogi and Basho, Saigyo represented first and foremost a holistic being as described in the foregoing instead of just a poet, which was only one of the facets that Saigyo had.
Japanese: 宗祇・芭蕉にとっての西行は、あくまでこうした全人的な存在であって、歌人としての一面をのみ切取ったものではなかった。
English: This explains the reason for the evolution of narratives and legends that are 'typical of Saigyo' including "Senjusho" and "The Tales of Saigyo."
Japanese: 『撰集抄』『西行物語』をはじめとする「いかにも西行らしい」説話や伝説が生れていった所以もまたここに存する。
English: For example, a Noh play "Eguchi," a Nagauta (a long epic song) "Shigure Saigyo," a vulgar painting entitled 'Fujimi Saigyo' and a legend about 'Saigyo no Noguso' (Saigyo has a shit in the woods) in various locations were created based on the life of the multi-dimensional person that was Saigyo.
Japanese: 例えば能に『江口』があり、長唄に『時雨西行』があり、あるいはごく卑俗な画題として「富士見西行」があり、各地に「西行の野糞」なる口碑が残っているのはこのためである。
English: There is an anecdote which holds that when Saigyo entered the priesthood, he kicked his child (aged four) who was holding onto his sleeve crying off his verandah and left his house (although whether it was a historical fact is unknown); but some argue that this story was a gross exaggeration used as a Buddhism lecture.
Japanese: 出家の際に衣の裾に取りついて泣く子（４歳）を縁から蹴落として家を捨てたという逸話が残る（史実かどうかは不明だが、どうも仏教説話としてオーバーに表現されているという意見もある。
English: There is a commonality among anecdotes whereby being outargued by a local child, the embarrased Saigyo turned around and went back the way he came.
Japanese: 共通して、現地の童子にやりこめられ恥ずかしくなって来た道を戻っていく、というものである。
English: When asked by Yoritomo about the arts of archery and horsemanship, Saigyo played dumb by answering that he had forgotten all about them.
Japanese: 頼朝に弓馬の道のことを尋ねられて一切忘れはてたととぼけたといわれている。
English: Saigyo wrote the following poems in life and it is said that he died on February 16 (by the lunar calendar) which was the day Buddha died as written in his poems.
Japanese: 西行は、以下の歌を生前に詠み、その歌のとおり、陰暦二月十六日、釈迦涅槃の日に入寂したといわれている。
English: Hopefully, I will die under the blossoms in the spring time around the time of a full moon in February and on the anniversary of Buddha's death (Sankashu).
Japanese: ねかはくは　花のしたにて　春しなん　そのきさらきの　もちつきのころ　（山家集）
English: Hopefully, I will die under the blossoms in the spring time around the time of a full moon in February and on the anniversary of Buddha's death (Shokukokin Wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry, Continued)).
Japanese: ねかはくは　はなのもとにて　春しなん　そのきさらきの　望月の比　（続古今和歌集）
English: The images of the original Shokukokin Wakashu can be viewed at the Digital Library of National Institute of Japanese Literature.
Japanese: なお、国文学研究資料館　電子資料館において続古今和歌集の原典を実際に画像で閲覧できる。
English: Shinsaku TAKASUGI wrote a poem that reads, "I go east with admiration for the person going west, may God know what is in mind," and took up a poet name of Togyo.
Japanese: 高杉晋作は『西へ行く　人を慕うて　東行く　我が心をば　神や知るらむ』と歌い、東行と号した。
English: Meanwhile, TAKASUGI who admired Saigyo, aimed at conquering the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) under the shogun in the east.
Japanese: 一方、西行に敬意を払う高杉自身は東にある、将軍のお膝元の江戸幕府討伐を目指した。
English: There are several Saigyo-an Hermitages in which Saigyo supposedly lived but Kainyo-an Hermitage in Kyoto was reconstructed by 宮田小文 who was the master of the hermitage at that time and Tessai TOMIOKA in 1893 and it remains in use as a tourist attraction today.
Japanese: 彼が結んだとされる西行庵は複数あるが、京都の皆如庵は明治26年（1893年）に、当時の庵主宮田小文と富岡鉄斎によって、再建されて現在も観光名所として利用されている。
English: Insho DOMOTO (December 25, 1891 - September 5, 1975) was a Japanese-style painting artist.
Japanese: 堂本印象（どうもといんしょう、1891年12月25日-1975年9月5日）は日本画家。
English: After graduating from Kyoto City Dohda Senior High School Of Arts, Insho was drawing designs of Nishijin-brocade but subsequently enrolled in Kyoto City University of Arts in 1910 with the aspiration of becoming a Japanese-style painting artist.
Japanese: 1910年（明治43）、京都市立銅駝美術工芸高等学校卒業後、西陣織の図案描きの仕事をしていたが、日本画家を志して京都市立芸術大学に入学。
English: His work, 'Chokikuzu,' won a special commendation at the Third Teiten and 'Kegon' won the Japan Art Prize (Teikoku Bijutsuinsho) at the Sixth Teiten, establishing himself as among the top Japanese artists.
Japanese: 帝展第3回展では「調鞠図」で特選、第6回展に出展した「華厳」は帝国美術院賞を受賞するなど第一級の日本画家として認められた。
English: After World War II, he expanded his artistic horizons to include abstract expressions and murals and, in addition, took an active part in the international art scene by entering numerous works into various international exhibits.
Japanese: 戦後、抽象表現や障壁画の世界にも活躍の場を広げ、国際展覧会に多くの作品を出展するなど国際的にも活躍。
English: He was decorated with the Order of Culture in 1961 and, in 1963, received the Order of St. Sylvester from Pope John the 23rd in recognition of his work, "The Glories of Virgin Mary" Murals, in the Grand Cathedral of Virgin Mary of Osaka.
Japanese: 1961年（昭和36）には文化勲章を、1963年（昭和38）には大阪カテドラル聖マリア大聖堂に壁画『栄光の聖母マリア』を描いた功績によりローマ教皇ヨハネス23世より聖シルベストロ文化第一勲章を受章した。
English: Shitenno-ji Temple Hoto (treasure pagoda) Murals (1939 - 1943) which were destroyed in a fire during an Osaka Air Raid.
Japanese: 四天王寺宝塔壁画（1939~1943年）1945年大阪大空襲で焼失。
English: "The Glories of Virgin Mary" (murals) (1962): the Grand Cathedral of Virgin Mary of Osaka.
Japanese: 『栄光の聖母マリア』（壁画）（1962年）　大阪カテドラル聖マリア大聖堂
English: "Usagi Haruno ni Asobu" (Rabbits play in a spring field) (the design for the special edition stamps for the 1999 Stamp Collection Week): a collection of the Kyoto Prefectural Insho-Domoto Museum of Fine Arts.
Japanese: 『兔春野に遊ぶ』　京都府立堂本印象美術館　（1999年特殊切手「切手趣味週間」図案）
English: ONO no Takamura (802 - February 7, 853) was a bureaucrat, scholar and poet in the early Heian period.
Japanese: 小野篁（おののたかむら、延暦21年（802年）-仁寿2年12月22日(旧暦)（853年2月3日））は、平安時代前期の官人、学者、歌人。
English: In his juvenile years, Takamori accompanied his father to the Mutsu Province where he excelled in archery and horsemanship but was enlightened by the saying of Emperor Saga and joined Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) thereby starting his bureaucratic career.
Japanese: 若年の頃、父に従って陸奥国へ赴き、弓馬をよくしたが、嵯峨天皇の言葉に触れて発奮し大学寮へ入り、官途についた。
English: He worked in various areas including Danjodai (Police Agency) and was knowledgeable about legal matters playing an active role in the compilation of "Ryonogige"(The Commentary on the Legal Code).
Japanese: 弾正台などを歴任し、法理に明るく『令義解』の編纂にも深く関与している。
English: He was appointed to be a Japanese envoy to China during the Tang Dynasty in 834, but due to a disagreement with FUJIWARA no Tsunetsugu, the senior envoy, he turned down the appointment, claiming to be ill; moreover he incurred the anger of Retired Emperor Saga by writing a poem criticizing the government, which resulted in him being sent to Oki Island.
Japanese: 承和(日本)元年（834年）、遣唐使に任ぜられるが、承和5年（838年）に正使藤原常嗣とのいさかいから、病気と称して職務を拒否したうえ朝廷を批判する詩を作したため、嵯峨上皇の怒りをかい隠岐に流された。
English: It is said that Takamura descended to hell via a well to assist the King of Hell in his court every night.
Japanese: 篁は夜ごと井戸を通って地獄に降り、閻魔のもとで裁判の補佐をしていたという。
English: The wooden statue of the King of Hell, which is said to be made by Takamura, and the wooden statue of Takamura himself, are enshrined in Enma-do Hall also located on the grounds of that temple.
Japanese: また珍皇寺の閻魔堂には、篁作と言われる閻魔大王と篁の木像が並んで安置されている。
English: In Kita Ward, Kyoto City, a tomb which is believed to be that of Takamura and a tomb which is said to be that of Murasaki Shikibu are placed side by side based on the legend in which Shikibu was condemned to hell for the sin she committed by describing carnal desires in her book and after such condemnation Takamura interceded with the King of Hell for her.
Japanese: 京都市北区にある篁のものと伝えられる墓の隣には、紫式部のものと言われる墓があるが、これは愛欲を描いた咎で地獄に落とされた式部を、篁が閻魔大王にとりなしたという伝説に基づくものである。
English: There is an anecdote in "Konjaku Monogatarishu" (Tales of Times Now Past) in which, after dying of an illness, FUJIWARA no Yoshimi was taken to the office of the King of Hell; but, was brought back to life by Takamura's intercession.
Japanese: 『今昔物語集』によると、病死して閻魔庁に引据えられたた藤原良相が篁の執成しによって蘇生したという逸話が見える。
English: In the literary works such as "Ujishui Monogatari" (Tales of Ujishui), in the era of Emperor Saga, there was graffiti written by Takamura which said, 'Everything will be fine if there is no evil,' which could be read in a couple of different ways. Nonetheless, however, it could be interpreted as saying, 'It would be better if Emperor Saga did not exist.'
Japanese: 『宇治拾遺物語』などには、嵯峨天皇のころ、「無悪善」という落書きを「悪（さが（嵯峨のこと））無くば、善けん」（「悪なからば善からん」とも読める。いずれにせよ、「嵯峨天皇がいなければ良いのに」の意。）と読んだ。
English: The angry Emperor Saga told Takamura to come up with an answer for a puzzle that repeats a letter meaning child 12 times and Takamura answered, 'Kittens of kittens and cubs of lion cubs,' thus solving it.
Japanese: それに立腹した嵯峨天皇の出した「『子』を十二個書いたものを読め」というなぞなぞを、見事に「猫の子の子猫、獅子の子の子獅子」と読み解いてみせ事なきを得た、という逸話も見える。
English: It is said that, in those days when there was only one copy of "Bai-Shi Wen Ji" (a collection of poem by Bai Letian, a famous Chinese poet) in Japan, when the emperor showed that book to Takamura after changing a character in a poem written by Bai Letian for fun, Takamura returned the book after correcting the character modified by the emperor.
Japanese: まだ日本に『白氏文集』が一冊しか渡来していない頃、天皇が戯れに白楽天の詩の一文字を変えて篁に示したところ、篁は改変したその一文字のみを添削して返したという。
English: It is said that Bai Letian was looking forward to meeting Takamura when the latter was assigned as a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China.
Japanese: 白楽天は、篁が遣唐使に任ぜられたと聞き、彼に会うのを楽しみしていたという。
English: "Takamura Monogatari" (Tales of Takamura), a story of a tragic love between Takamura and his half-sister featuring Takamura as the main character is complete fiction.
Japanese: また篁を主人公とした物語として、異母妹との悲恋を描いた『篁物語』があるが、完全なフィクションである。
English: ONO no Tofu and ONO no Komachi are well known but samurai belonging to Musashi Shichito such as Inomata Party or Yokoyama Party called themselves 'Yataro' or 'Koyata' for being descendants of ONO no Takamura.
Japanese: 小野道風や小野小町が著名だが、武蔵七党の猪俣党や横山党などの武士は小野篁の子孫を称して、小野にちなんで、「野太郎」、「小野太」などと称している。
English: Now my ship has set sail over the sea, will the fishing boats let that person in Kyoto know of my journey towards those countless islands (11th of the One Hundred Waka Poems by One Hundred Poets).
Japanese: わたの原　八十島かけて　漕ぎ出でぬと　人には告げよ　海人の釣舟（百人一首11番）
English: If my tears were raindrops the river to the next world would be swollen and would bring my loved ones back to me (Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry)).
Japanese: 泣く涙　雨と降らなむ　わたり川　水まさりなば　かへりくるがに（古今和歌集）
English: Yoshitaka KURODA, also known as Josui KURODA, was a military commander and feudal lord during the period spanning over the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the Edo period.
Japanese: 黒田孝高／黒田如水（くろだよしたか／くろだじょすい）は戦国時代(日本)、安土桃山時代、江戸時代前期にかけての武将・大名である。
English: He was born the legitimate heir of Mototaka KURODA in Himeji on January 1, 1547.
Japanese: 天文15年11月29日（1546年12月22日）、黒田職隆の嫡男として姫路に生まれる。
English: According to some documents such as "Kansei Choshu Shokafu" (genealogies of vassals in the Edo bakufu, Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Kuroda clan was said to originate from the samurai class in Kuroda Village, Ika County, Omi Province (presently Kuroda, Kinomoto-cho, Ika-gun, Shiga Prefecture), but this remains uncertain.
Japanese: 黒田氏は、『寛政重修諸家譜』などによれば近江国伊香郡黒田村（現在の滋賀県伊香郡木ノ本町黒田）の武家出身とされるが定かではない。
English: The Kuroda clan came to Harima during the time of Yoshitaka's grandfather Shigetaka KURODA and worked for Masamoto KODERA who was a minor feudal lord having power in the Banshu plain with Gichaku-jo Castle (presently Eastern Himeji City) being at its center.
Japanese: 孝高の祖父・黒田重隆の代に播磨に入り、御着城（現在の姫路市東部）を中心に播州平野に勢力を持っていた小大名の小寺政職に仕えた。
English: Around 1567, becoming head of the family, Yoshitaka married a daughter of Koresada KUHASHI and assumed the post of the chief of staff of Himeji-jo Castle.
Japanese: 永禄10年（1567年）頃、孝高は家督を継ぎ、櫛橋伊定の娘を正室に迎え、姫路城代となった。
English: In 1573, minor feudal lords in the Harima region, such as the Kodera clan, became wedged between the two major powers including Nobunaga ODA, who was expanding his power base in Kinai (the term referring to five provinces around Kyoto including Yamashiro, Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi and Settsu) and Terumoto MORI, who had established his stronghold in the Sanin and Sanyo regions.
Japanese: 天正元年（1573年）、小寺氏など播磨の小大名たちは畿内で勢力を拡大する織田信長と山陰地方・山陽地方に勢力を張る毛利輝元の2つの大勢力に挟まれることになった。
English: In 1575, Nobunaga ordered Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) to stay in Harima.
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）、信長は羽柴秀吉（豊臣秀吉）に命じて播磨に進駐させた。
English: Appreciating Nobunaga's ability, Yoshitaka recommended his lord Masamoto to render homage and service to the Oda family from early on and, in addition, persuaded the powerful people in the neighboring areas.
Japanese: 信長の才能を高く評価していた孝高は早くから主君・政職に織田家への臣従を勧め、近隣勢力も説得していった。
English: In 1578, however, the lord of Miki-jo Castle Nagaharu BESSHO, who was the heavy weight in Harima, rose in revolt against the Oda clan.
Japanese: ところが天正6年（1578年）、播磨の大勢力である三木城主別所長治が織田氏に反旗を翻した。
English: Further, Murashige ARAKI, who was a Nobunaga's senior retainer and had been made in charge of the Settsu Province, rebelled against Nobunaga and locked him and his people in Arioka-jo Castle (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: さらに織田家の重臣で摂津国を任されていた荒木村重が信長に対して謀反を起こし、有岡城（兵庫県伊丹市）に立て籠もった。
English: Yoshitaka got inside of Arioka-jo Castle to urge Murashige to reconsider but the negotiations broke down and he was captured.
Japanese: このとき、孝高は村重を翻意させるため有岡城に乗り込んだが交渉は成功せず、捕縛されてしまった。
English: A year later, Arioka-jo Castle fell, whereby Yoshitaka was rescued by Toshiyasu KURIYAMA but since Yoshitaka had been confined in a dungeon with extremely poor living conditions for a prolonged period, he developed leg joint problems leaving him with a minor walking difficulty.
Japanese: 1年後、有岡城は落城し孝高は家臣の栗山利安によって救出されたが、劣悪な環境の土牢に長期に渡って押し込められていたため脚部の関節に障害が残り、歩行がやや不自由になった。
English: Thereafter, he consequently started to command while riding in a palenquin rather than horseback in the battlefield.
Japanese: このため、以後は合戦の指揮も馬上ではなく輿に乗って行うようになった。
English: When Murashige rebelled, since his lord, Masamoto KODERA, also revolted against Nobunaga in concurrence with Murashige, Masamoto was conquered by Nobunaga's heir Nobutada ODA.
Japanese: 村重の謀反の際、主君の小寺政職も同調して信長から離反したため、信長の嫡男・織田信忠によって討伐された。
English: Taking a dim view of having the surname of a rebel, Yoshitaka returned to his original family name of KURODA.
Japanese: 孝高は謀反人の名字を名乗ることをよしとせず、本来の黒田の名字に改めた。
English: The rescued Yoshitaka was given a property with ten thousand koku in the Harima Province and began to play an active role as an aide to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 救出された孝高は信長から播磨国内に1万石を与えられ、秀吉の与力となって参謀として活躍するようになる。
English: In 1580, Yoshitaka offered his castle to Hideyoshi saying, 'Himeji-jo Castle is the ideal place to govern Banshu' and moved to Kozan-jo Castle in Shikito county.
Japanese: 天正8年（1580年）、「姫路城は播州統治の適地である」として居城を秀吉に提供し、自身は飾東郡の国府山城に移った。
English: Based on strategy, since Hideyoshi had Tottori-jo Castle completely surrounded and cut its food supply after buying up all the rice in the area, people in Tottori-jo Castle were devastated by starvation that left them with no other options but to surrender in three months; it is said that it was Yoshitaka who suggested this idea to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 策略により周辺の米を買い占めた上で完全に包囲して兵糧の補給を絶ったため、鳥取城内は飢餓で凄惨極まりない状況に追い込まれて3ヶ月で降伏を余儀なくされたが、この作戦を秀吉に献策したのは孝高だったと言われる。
English: Additionally, in 1582, during the campaign to capture Takamatsu-jo Castle in Bitchu, which the military commander for the Mori clan, Muneharu SHIMIZU, was in charge of, Hideyoshi had colossal dikes built to flood the castle and it is said that it was again Yoshitaka who suggested this strategy to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: また天正10年（1582年）、毛利氏の部将・清水宗治が守る備中高松城攻略に際し秀吉は巨大な堤防を築いて水攻めにしたが、この作戦を献策したのも孝高だったと言われる。
English: It is said that upon learning of Nobunaga's death, Yoshitaka said to Hideyoshi, 'Your lucky opportunity has arrived, hasn't it?'
Japanese: 信長の死を知った孝高は秀吉に対して、「御運が開かれる機会が参りましたな」と進言したといわれる。
English: It is also said that Hideyoshi made peace with Terumoto MORI and turned around in Chugoku (the area covering the present five prefectures including Okayama, Hiroshima, Tottori, Shimane and Yamaguchi) leading his army back to Kyoto based on the suggestion offered by Yoshitaka.
Japanese: そして、秀吉が毛利輝元と和睦し中国大返しを行なったのも、孝高の進言によると言われる。
English: He participated in the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and the Battle of Komaki Nagakute in 1584.
Japanese: 天正11年（1583年）の賤ヶ岳の戦い、天正12年（1584年）の小牧・長久手の戦いにも参加。
English: At that time, predicting the strategies of the enemy commander Motochika CHOSOKABE, Yoshitaka took control of the castles on the enemy side one after the other.
Japanese: このとき、孝高は敵将・長宗我部元親の策略を見抜いて、次々と敵城を陥落させた。
English: During the Kyushu Campaign in 1587, he worked as a supervisor for the troops of the Mori clan and the Ukita clan contributing to their victory.
Japanese: 天正15年（1587年）の九州征伐では毛利氏、宇喜多氏などの軍勢の戦目付として、戦勝に貢献している。
English: Some influential Kokujin (warriors living in the respective province) including Shigefusa KII and Shigekane NONAKA rose in revolt but were put down by Yoshitaka who subsequently had Kii murdered and successfully brought the territory under control.
Japanese: 国人勢力の城井鎮房・野中鎮兼らが一揆を起こすが孝高はこれを鎮圧し、翌年4月には城井氏を謀殺することで領内の平定に成功した。
English: Not long before that time, Yoshitaka was baptized as a Christian at the suggestion of Ukon TAKAYAMA.
Japanese: この少し前、孝高は高山右近らの勧めによってキリスト教の洗礼を受けていた。
English: In August 1587, however, while Ukon TAKAYAMA and the other Christians defied the Anti-Christian Decree issued by Hideyoshi and were subsequently banished as punishment, Yoshitaka led the way in renouncing the faith.
Japanese: しかし、天正15年（1587年）7月に秀吉がキリスト教禁教令を出すと高山右近らがこれに反抗して追放される中、孝高は率先して棄教した。
English: It is detected in the letters written by Luis FROIS that Yoshitaka's renunciation of the faith sent shock waves among the missionary priests and various Christian feudal lords.
Japanese: 秀吉の側近である孝高の棄教は、宣教師やキリスト教を信仰する諸大名に大きな衝撃を与えたことがルイス・フロイスの書簡から窺える。
English: In 1589, Yoshitaka transferred the headship of the family to his heir Nagamasa KURODA and went into retirement thereafter referring himself to as Josuiken (hereinafter Yoshitaka will be referred to as Josui).
Japanese: 天正17年（1589年）、家督を嫡男の黒田長政に譲って隠居し、如水軒と号した（※これ以降は如水と記述する）。
English: During the Odawara Campaign in 1590, Josui went inside Odawara-jo Castle to successfully persuade Ujimasa HOJO and his son Ujinao HOJO to a bloodless surrender.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）の小田原征伐では小田原城に入って北条氏政・北条氏直父子を説得し、無血開城させる功績を立てた。
English: He, thereafter, was presented with the celebrated sword Nikko Ichimonji by Ujinao HOJO (a collection of the Fukuoka City Museum designated as a national treasure).
Japanese: このとき、北条氏直から日光一文字の名刀を与えられている（国宝、福岡市博物館所蔵）。
English: Josui participated in Hideyoshi's invasion campaigns to Korea (the Bunroku and Keicho Wars) starting in 1592; but, after invoking the wrath of Hideyoshi by feuding with one of the five magistrates Mitsunari ISHIDA, he retired taking the name of Josui Ensei in 1593.
Japanese: 文禄元年（1592年）から秀吉の朝鮮出兵（文禄・慶長の役）に参加するが、文禄2年（1593年）に五奉行の石田三成との間に確執を生じ秀吉の怒りを買ったために、如水円清と号して出家・引退した。
English: It suggests that Josui anticipated a major upheaval over supremacy in the country and that this was going to happen in the not too distant future.
Japanese: これは、如水が遠からず天下の覇権をめぐって大乱が起きると予想していたことを窺わせる。
English: In 1600, after Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his allies moved their troops to defeat Kagekatsu UESUGI of Aizu, Mitsunari ISHIDA and his allies denounced Ieyasu and moved their troops (the West) against him and thus the Battle of Sekigahara began.
Japanese: 慶長5年（1600年）、徳川家康らが会津の上杉景勝討伐のため東へ向かうと石田三成らが家康の非を鳴らして挙兵し（西軍）、関ヶ原の戦いが起こった。
English: Since the wife of Josui's heir Nagamasa was an adoptive daughter of Ieyasu, Nagamasa became an ally of Ieyasu around the time of Hideyoshi's death and recruited many daimyo from Toyotomi's side to Ieyasu's side.
Japanese: 嫡男・長政は家康の養女を正室として迎えていたことから秀吉の死去前後から家康に与し、豊臣恩顧の大名を多く家康方に引き込んだ。
English: Further, leading the best force of the Kuroda army, Nagamasa accompanied Ieyasu and rendered distinguished service in the main battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: さらに後藤基次ら黒田軍の主力を率いて家康に同行、関ヶ原本戦で武功を挙げた。
English: Since the majority of Kuroda's army was with Nagamasa, giving peasants in the Kuroda territory an outfit allowance from his treasury, Josui quickly put together a new army of approximately 10,000 men.
Japanese: 兵力の大半は長政が率いていたため如水は金蔵を開いて領内の百姓などに支度金を与え、1万人ほどの速成軍を作り上げた。
English: Leading this army, Josui invaded the Bungo Province on October 15.
Japanese: 如水はこの兵力を率いて9月9日(旧暦)（10月15日）、豊後国に侵攻した。
English: On that day, backed by Terumoto MORI, Yoshimune OTOMO, who had joined the West with aspirations to rebuild the family fortune, moved his army into the Bungo Province and siege Kitsuki-jo Castle of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA who belong to the East.
Japanese: 同日、再興を目指して西軍に与した大友義統が毛利輝元の支援を受けて豊後に攻め込み、東軍の細川忠興の飛び地である杵築城を包囲攻撃した。
English: The commanders Yasuyuki MATSUI and Tatsuyuki ARIYOSHI at Kitsuki-jo Castle asked Josui for reinforcements and, in response, Josui moved his army and clashed with the army of Yoshimune OTOMO at Ishigakibaru (presently Beppu City) on October 19.
Japanese: 城将・松井康之と有吉立行は如水に援軍を要請、如水はこれに応じ9月13日(旧暦)（10月19日）、石垣原（現在の別府市）で大友義統軍と衝突した。
English: The Kuroda army was victorious over the Otomo army due in part to contributions by one of the 24 Kuroda Cavalries Tamonobu MORI and the other warriors.
Japanese: 黒田二十四騎に数えられる母里友信らの活躍もあって、黒田軍は大友軍に勝利した。
English: Thereafter, Josui began to capture various castles belonging to the feudal lords that had joined the West including Naomori KUMAGAI's Aki-jo Castle, Kazunao KAKIMI's Tomiki-jo Castle, Kazuyoshi OTA's Usuki-jo Castle, Takamasa MORI's Tsunomure-jo Castle and Hinokuma-jo Castle, Katsunobu MORI's Kokura-jo Castle, Nobutomo (信友) MORI's Kawaradake-jo Castle one after the other.
Japanese: その後、如水は西軍に属した熊谷直盛の安岐城、垣見一直の富来城、太田一吉の臼杵城、毛利高政の角牟礼城と日隈城、毛利勝信の小倉城、毛利信友の香春岳城などを次々と落としていった。