nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: (cited by 'A Study on Kamei, Ryukyu no kami' by Nobuyuki KAMIYA and 'Another Study on Kamei, Ryukyu no kami - Change of Korenori KAMEI's government service -' by Katsuyuki TANAKA)
Japanese: （紙屋敦之「亀井琉球守考」及び田中克行「亀井琉球守再考‐亀井茲矩の官途の変遷について‐」より）
English: Graveyard: The graveyard of the Kamei family in Tachu, Ketaka-cho, Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture, and Tsuwano Town, Shimane Prefecture, and the graveyard of the Kurodani Komyo-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 墓所：鳥取県鳥取市気高町田仲､島根県津和野町の亀井家墓所内､京都市の黒谷光明寺墓地。
English: The above-mentioned scene that Korenori wanted Ryukyu as his territory was played by Paul MAKI with Toru NAKAMURA playing as Hideyoshi in the beginning of the first episode of 'Ryukyu no kaze (Dragon Spirit),' NHK's period drama in 1993.
Japanese: 前記の茲矩が琉球を所領として望むシーンは1993年（平成5年）のNHK大河ドラマ「琉球の風」の第1話冒頭でポール牧が秀吉役の仲村トオル相手に演じられている。
English: Kisaburo ONOGAWA (1758 to April 30, 1806) was an Edo sumo wrestler of the Grand Sumo Tournament.
Japanese: 小野川喜三郎（おのがわきさぶろう、1758年（宝暦8年）-1806年4月30日（旧暦文化(元号)3年3月12日(旧暦)））は、大相撲の江戸相撲の力士。
English: In November, 1789, he was licensed as the first Yokozuna along with Kajinosuke TANIKAZE (the second) from Oikaze YOSHIDA of Tsukasa YOSHIDA family.
Japanese: 寛政元年（1789年）11月、吉田司家吉田追風から谷風梶之助(2代)とともに実質最初の横綱を免許された。
English: He helped to sumo to flourish during Kansei Period by holding the joranzumo (sumo match held in front of the Emperor) with Kajinosuke Tanikaze (the second) for the Barbarian Subduing General Ienari TOKUGAWA on June 11, 1791.
Japanese: 征夷大将軍徳川家斉観戦の寛政3年（1791年）6月11日(旧暦)谷風梶之助(2代)と上覧相撲をおこなうなど寛政の繁栄期を築いた。
English: He became Onogawa the first's (a retired wrestler who was a trustee of the Japan Sumo) adopted son, and joined the Edo sumo wrestling after entering the sumo ring for the first time in the Osaka sumo wrestling.
Japanese: 初代小野川(年寄名跡)の養子となって大坂相撲で初土俵を踏みのちに江戸相撲に合流した。
English: During the seventh day in the sumo tournament held in March, 1782, ONOGAWA who was in the lowest division stopped Ozeki (a sumo wrestler of the second highest rank) Tanikaze from wining who had won 63 matches in a raw.
Japanese: 天明2年(1782年)3月場所7日目、当時大関の谷風の63連勝を、二段目の小野川が止めた。
English: The match between Tanikaze and Onogawa is handed down as a famous competition in the Grand Sumo Tournament history.
Japanese: 谷風と小野川の取り組みは、大相撲史上に残る名勝負として語り継がれている。
English: However, even though he was being followed by two powerful wrestlers Kajinosuke TANIKAZE and Tameemon RAIDEN, he still left the top-ranking record in history.
Japanese: しかし、谷風梶之助、雷電爲右エ門の両強豪に挟撃されながらも歴代でも一級の戦績を残した。
English: The match with RAIDEN was held when Onogawa had passed his peak and was unable to win even once in Edo.
Japanese: ちなみに雷電との対戦は小野川が最盛期を過ぎた頃で、江戸では一度も勝てなかった。
English: His total records were: first-grade wrestler, 23 tournaments with 144 victories, 13 defeats, 4 evens, 10 was undecided, three matches not held, 40 absences, and the winning percentage being 91.7 percent.
Japanese: 通算成績は幕内23場所144勝13敗4分10預3無勝負40休、勝率9割1分7厘。
English: However, when he was Ozeki (at that time, Yokozuna license and the ranking were irrelevant), his name was written as Saisuke ONOGAWA.
Japanese: しかし、大関の時（当時は横綱免許と番付は無関係）は小野川才助と書かれていた。
English: Ayasaburo TAKEDA (November 4, 1827 to January 28, 1880) was a scholar coming from the Ozu Domain of Iyo Province (present Ozu City of Ehime Prefecture).
Japanese: 武田斐三郎（たけだあやさぶろう、文政10年9月15日(旧暦)（1827年11月4日）-明治13年（1880年）1月28日）は伊予国大洲藩（現在の愛媛県大洲市）出身の学者である。
English: He demonstrated his unusual talent by planning and designing "Goryokaku", which was well known as the the first foreign- style castle in Japan during Battle of Hakodate.
Japanese: 箱館戦争の舞台として知られる日本初の洋式城郭「五稜郭」の立案・設計など異能を発揮。
English: Because he was a child with a running nose depending too much on his mother until the age of 17, he was nicknamed "big fool" by being compared with his elder brother Yukitaka (he served Emperor Komei, Takamori SAIGO praised him by saying the Restoration would not have been accomplished without Yukitaka).
Japanese: 17歳まで洟（はな）を垂れて母親に甘えていたので、兄の敬孝（孝明天皇に仕え、西郷隆盛に、敬孝がいなければ維新は成らなかったと言わしめた）と比較されて「あやバカ」とあだ名された。
English: Even when he was heading to Sanyo-do Roadhe to follow Gempo MITSUKURI for the negotiation with Evfimii Vasil'evich Putyatin from Russia, he returned Ozu to meet his mother.
Japanese: ロシアのプーチャーチンとの交渉に箕作阮甫に従って山陽道を上るときも、母親に会いに大洲へ帰っている。
English: He established a school in Hakodate much earlier than Keio Gijuku School and took his students to Kokuryuko, Russia by operating the ship called Kameda Maru, which was the first school excursion in Japan.
Japanese: 慶應義塾よりも早く函館に学校を作り、生徒たちを連れて亀田丸を操船してロシアの黒竜江に日本初の修学旅行に出かけたこともある。
English: Ayasaburo was later called by the Meiji government and became a leader in the science field including manufacturing guns for Japanese army.
Japanese: 斐三郎はやがて明治政府に呼ばれ、日本軍の鉄砲製造などを含め科学方面の指導者となる。
English: His pupils yearned him and built a stone monument on the side of the entrance path to the branch shrine of Tosho-gu Shrine in Shiba district, Tokyo.
Japanese: 教え子たちに慕われて、東京芝の東照宮分社前の参道脇に碑が建てられている。
English: The statue of Ayasaburo shown upper right was created based on his own photograph (he loved photography and even had the photograph of Takamori SAIGO, which was thought to be non-existing).
Japanese: 右上の斐三郎の彫像は本人の写真をもとに製作されたものである（写真好きで、現存しないと言われる西郷隆盛の写真まであった）。
English: The reason why the face of his statue is shining is because there is a rumor that touching the statue makes you smarter, and thus it has been patted by many people who visited Goryokaku.
Japanese: この彫像の顔が光っているのは、五稜郭を訪ねる人々の間で、触ると頭がよくなるといううわさが広まり、なでまわされるからである。
English: However, it became old and when the Ozu City Board of Education visited the house, they gave the permission to destroy it
Japanese: しかし、古くなり大洲市教育委員会にたずねたところ、壊してもよいという返事だった。
English: Yoshizaki Gobo was a priest housing which stood in Yoshizaki of Echizen Province (present Yoshizaki, Awara City, Fukui Prefecture).
Japanese: 吉崎御坊（よしざきごぼう）は、越前国吉崎（現在の福井県あわら市吉崎）にあった坊舎。
English: A branch temple which belongs to Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) Hongan-ji school stands on the western side of the stairway approaching the Gobo site, and on its eastern side is situated a branch temple held by Shinshu sect Otani school.
Japanese: 御坊跡に向う階段の西側に浄土真宗本願寺派の別院が、東側に真宗大谷派の別院が置かれる。
English: As both branch temples are called 'Yoshizaki Betsuin' (betsuin: branch temple), one belonging to Hongan-ji school is commonly referred to as either 'Nishi Gobo' or '(Yoshizaki) Nishi Betsuin' and one held by Otani school as 'Higashi Gobo' or '(Yoshizaki) Higashi Betsuin.'
Japanese: ともに「吉崎別院」と称するため、本願寺派の別院を「西御坊」・「（吉崎）西別院」、大谷派の別院を「東御坊」・「（吉崎）東別院」と通称される。
English: Located nearby are temples such as 'Yoshizaki-ji Temple' (Hongan-ji school) and 'Gankei-ji Temple' (Otani school), and 'Yoshizaki Gobo Rennyo Shonin Memorial Hall' (shonin: saint) which is operated by the Honganji Foundation.
Japanese: また、「吉崎寺」（本願寺派）・「願慶寺」（大谷派）などの寺院、本願寺維持財団が運営する「吉崎御坊蓮如上人記念館」がある。
English: Having fled persecution by Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple in Kyoto, the eighth head priest of Hongan-ji Temple Rennyo moved to Yoshizaki of Echizen Province in late July of 1471, and had Yoshizaki Gobo erected on the top of Mt. Yoshizaki standing by Lake Kitagata to make it the base for the missionary work of Jodo Shinshu sect Hongan-ji school in the Hokuriku region.
Japanese: 1471年（文明(日本)3年7月下旬）、比叡山延暦寺などの迫害を受けて京から逃れた本願寺第八世蓮如が、本願寺系浄土真宗の北陸における布教拠点として越前国吉崎にある北潟湖畔の吉崎山の頂に建立した。
English: Yoshizaki was a territory belonging to Kyogaku, the head priest of Kofuku-ji Temple Daijo-in, but it is said that Kyogaku handed it over to Rennyo because; Kyogaku's mother was originally from Hongan-ji Temple; Rennyo was trained when young under Kyogaku; it so happened that the then local governor of Yoshizaki was Renko, the chief priest of Wada Hongaku-ji Temple which was one of the few sub-temples of Hongan-ji Temple at that time.
Japanese: 吉崎は興福寺大乗院の門跡であった経覚の所領であったが、経覚の母が本願寺の出身で、蓮如も若い頃に経覚の元で修行していた事、また偶々吉崎の代官の地位にあったのが当時の本願寺にとっては数少ない末寺であった和田本覚寺の住持蓮光であったという関係もあって経覚が蓮如のために吉崎を譲ったのだといわれている。
English: In this place, Rennyo expounded the creed to the public in an easy-to-understand manner, sometimes using a preaching letter written by himself, which is called 'Ofumi' or 'Gobunsho,' and granting scrolls carrying 'rokuji myogo' (the six characters of Buddha's name), i.e., 'Na-Mu-A-Mi-Da-Butsu,' and so a great number of believers came to visit Yoshizaki Gobo not only from the Hokuriku region but from the Ou region (the present Tohoku region).
Japanese: この地で蓮如は教義を民衆にわかりやすく説き、時には「御文（おふみ）」（「御文章（ごぶんしょう）」）を用いたり、「南無阿弥陀仏」の六字名号を下付したため、御坊には北陸はもとより奥羽からも多くの門徒が集った。
English: Also, the area surrounding Yoshizaki developed as a temple town dotted with a number of priest housing and believers' lodgings.
Japanese: また、御坊周辺の吉崎一帯は坊舎や門徒の宿坊などが立ち並び寺内町を形成した。
English: Yoshizaki Gobo was burned to ashes on April 23, 1474, but it was reconstructed later.
Japanese: 1474年（文明6年）3月28日(旧暦)、火災で焼失するも、その後再建。
English: It was burned to ashes again on September 30, 1475 during an upheaval of the warlike period, and Rennyo left Yoshizaki.
Japanese: 1475年（文明7年）8月21日(旧暦)、戦国の動乱で再び焼失、蓮如は吉崎を退去する。
English: In 1506, the Asakura clan, after defeating the troops of Ikkoshu sect's revolt which invaded Echizen Province from Kaga Province, destroyed the priest housing in Yoshizaki, since which time Yoshizaki Gobo has remained as a ruin.
Japanese: 1506年（永正3年）、朝倉氏が加賀国より越前国に侵攻した一向一揆勢を退けた後、吉崎の坊舎を破却し、以後廃坊となる。
English: Nishi Betsuin (Jodo Shinshu sect Hongan-ji school) was built in 1746 and Higashi Betsuin (Shinshu sect Otani school) in 1747 at the foot of Mt. Yoshizaki.
Japanese: 1746年（延享3年）に西別院（浄土真宗本願寺派）が、翌年の1747年（延享4年）には東別院（真宗大谷派）が吉崎山のふもとに建立される。
English: Mt. Yoshizaki (commonly called Oyama in the locality), which is a small hill with a height of 33 meters above sea level and an area of 20,000 square meters, is a natural fort facing Lake Kitagata on three sides, namely north, west and south.
Japanese: 吉崎山（御山）とは、北･西･南の三方を北潟湖に囲まれた天然の要害で、海抜33m程、面積約2万平方メートルの小高い丘である。
English: Shinshu sect followers walk from Higashi Hongan-ji Temple in Kyoto to Yoshizaki Gobo, carrying a palanquin which contains the image of Rennyo and reproducing his journey from the capital to Yoshizaki.
Japanese: 京都東本願寺から吉崎御坊まで門徒が徒歩で蓮如の御影（ごえい）の入った輿を運び、蓮如の吉崎下向を再現する。
English: The procession leaves Kyoto on April 17, passes through the spots on the coast of Lake Biwa which are associated with Rennyo and arrives at Yoshizaki Gobo in the night of April 22, and a number of memorial services are conducted in both of the two Hongan-ji Yoshizaki Betsuin.
Japanese: 4月17日に京都を出発し、琵琶湖沿岸の蓮如ゆかりの地を通り、4月22日夜、御坊に到着し、本願寺吉崎両別院で法要が営まれる。
English: He was born as a son of Terumasa IKEDA at Gifu of Mino Province in 1584.
Japanese: 1584年（天正12年）、池田輝政の長男として美濃国岐阜に生まれる。
English: In 1603, when his younger paternal brother Tadatsugu IKEDA was assigned the lord of Okayama-jo Castle, he entered the castle as a vicarious administrator since Tadatsugu was still very young.
Japanese: 1603年（慶長8年）、異母弟の池田忠継が岡山城主に任じられたとき、幼年の忠継に代わって執政代行として岡山城に入った。
English: In 1605, he was appointed to the chamberlain of jushiinoge (junior fourth rank lower grade) and served as Uemon no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) as an additional post.
Japanese: 1605年（慶長10年）、従四位下侍従に叙任され右衛門督を兼任した。
English: The same year, he took Tsuruhime (Fukujoin) (daughter of Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA) as his lawful wife, who was an adopted daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, to reinforce the relations with bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 同年、徳川秀忠の養女・鶴姫(福照院)（榊原康政の娘）を正室に迎えて幕府との関係を深めた。
English: On June 2, 1607 he was transferred to Musashi Province, then he was granted the family name of Matsudaira and called himself 'Matsudaira Musashi no kami Toshitaka' (Musashi no kami: governor of Musashi Province).
Japanese: 1607年（慶長12年）6月2日、武蔵国に転任し、松平姓を賜り、「松平武蔵守利隆」と名乗った。
English: At that time, he allotted three 'gun' (three districts) in Nishi Harima region (Shiso-gun, Sayo-gun and Ako-gun) to his younger brother Tadatsugu, and as a result, the fief of the Himeji Domain reduced to 420,000 koku.
Japanese: この時、西播磨三郡（宍粟郡・佐用郡・赤穂郡）十万石を弟・忠継に分与したため、姫路藩の所領は42万石となった。
English: Based on Okuroku-gun County, Mutsu Province (Inland area of Iwate Prefecture), he fought together with his father Yoritoki and his elder brother Sadato against MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi (Zen kunen no eki).
Japanese: 陸奥国奥六郡（岩手県内陸部）を基盤とし、父・頼時、兄・貞任とともに源頼義と戦う（前九年の役）。
English: The family fought desperately, and while Sadato and others were killed at the northernmost fortress, Kuriyagawa no ki (also called Kuriyagawa no Saku, Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture), Muneto and others surrendered and were saved from death, and taken to Kyoto by MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.
Japanese: 一族は奮戦し、貞任らは最北の砦厨川柵（岩手県盛岡市）で殺害されるが、宗任らは降服し一命をとりとめ、源義家に都へ連行された。
English: At that time, nobles thought with contempt that Ezo (northerners) in Oshu never knew any name of flowers,showed him an ume (Japanese plum) flower and asked insultingly what it is.
Japanese: その際、奥州の蝦夷は花の名など知らぬだろうと侮蔑した貴族が、ウメの花を見せて何かと嘲笑した。
English: However, he surprised the nobles by his poem saying, 'We call it ume flower in our country, what Omiyabito (Heian era court nobles) call it?'
Japanese: ところが、「わが国の　梅の花とは見つれども　大宮人はいかがいふらむ」と歌で答えて都人を驚かせたという。
English: He was banished to Iyo Province in Shikoku, lived in Tomita region in Imabari City as it is known today and afterward gradually increased his power.
Japanese: 四国の伊予国に流され、現在の今治市の富田地区に3年間居住し、その後少しずつ勢力をつけた。
English: For that reason, he was banished again in 1067 to Chikuzen Oshima in Munakata, Chikuzen Province in Kyushu.
Japanese: そのために、治暦3年（1067年）に九州の筑前国宗像の筑前大島に再配流された。
English: After that, he is thought to have played an important part in the aspects of the Japan-Korea and the Japan-Sung trades conducted under the Munakata clan, Daimyo of Munakata.
Japanese: その後、宗像の大名である宗像氏によって、日朝・日宋貿易の際に重要な役割を果たしたと考えられる。
English: Furthermore, he built Anshoin Temple at a scenic spot in Oshima to place Yakushi Ruriko Nyorai he carried as a guardian deity for himself.
Japanese: また、大島の景勝の地に自らの守り本尊として奉持した薬師瑠璃光如来を安置するために安昌院を建てた。
English: ABE no Yorito, a descendant of Muneyoshi, was known as a Kengo (a great swordsman) in Kyushu; he served Akizuki clan and founded a school of swordplay Abe ryu.
Japanese: その子孫の安倍頼任は、九州の剣豪として知られ、秋月氏に仕え、剣術流派・安倍立を開いた。
English: Sueto went to Matsuura in Hizen Province, where he became an adopted son-in-law of the Matsura clan and took the name of Matsura Saburo Tayu Saneto.
Japanese: 季任は肥前国の松浦市に行き、松浦氏の娘婿となり松浦三郎大夫実任と名乗る。
English: Sueto's descendants are said to have found a family which became a member of Suigun (warriors in the sea)Matsura Party in the northern part of Kyushu.
Japanese: その子孫は北部九州の水軍松浦党を構成する一族になったともいわれている。
English: The Takatoshi MATSURA, a descendant of Saneto MATSURA (ABE no Sueto), was a close adviser of TAIRA no Kiyomori and he made a significant contribution to the Taira family side as a member of the navy; for this reason, he was banished to present Yuya, Nagato City, Yamaguchi Prefecture after the Jisho-Juei War.
Japanese: 松浦実任（安倍季任）の子孫の松浦高俊は、平清盛の側近で平家方の水軍として活躍し、その為、治承・寿永の乱により、現在の山口県長門市油谷に流罪となった。
English: Afterward, a daughter of Takatoshi married TAIRA no Tomosada and Takatoshi took the family name of Abe to escape from persecution by the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: その後、高俊の娘が平知貞に嫁ぎ、源氏の迫害から逃れる為に安倍姓を名乗った。
English: Hiroshi Abe, who came from Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture and was a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) and the 18th and 22nd Governor of Tokyo Prefecture, constructed his second residence in Abetate-cho, Morioka City which is associated with the Abe clan; the residence was built after the 'historical event of ABE no Muneto and the plum blossom' described in the Heike Monogatari (The Tale of Heike); accordingly, he named the residence as Akyobaiso (also pronounced as Agobaiso [present Ichinokura Garden).
Japanese: 岩手県盛岡市出身の貴族院議員で第18・22代東京府知事阿部浩は、平家物語にある「安倍宗任と梅の故事」にならい、安倍氏ゆかりの盛岡市安倍館町に別邸を建て、吾郷楳荘（現・一ノ倉庭園）と名づけた。
English: Remembering the Abe clan which collapsed at Kuriyagawa no saku (Kuriyagawa no ki) and associating the school with the same historical event, the Morioka Municipal Kuriyagawa Junior High School uses the 'plum blossom' for the school's emblem.
Japanese: 厨川柵で潰えた安倍氏を偲び、同様の故事から盛岡市立厨川中学校の校章は「梅」を象る。
English: Tadakatsu FUKUSHIMA (1598-October 9, 1620) was a tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord) in the Edo period.
Japanese: 福島忠勝（ふくしまただかつ、慶長3年（1598年）-元和(日本)6年9月14日(旧暦)（1620年10月9日））は、江戸時代の外様大名。
English: His father Masanori had to stay in Edo as rusui-yaku (a person representing the master during his absence) in Edo-jo Castle, but he participated in the Winter Siege of Osaka in 1614.
Japanese: 父の正則は江戸城留守居役として江戸に留めおかれたが、1614年、大坂の役大坂冬の陣に出陣。
English: Since he was late for the Summer Siege of Osaka in the following year, he engaged in repair of roads and dikes which were destroyed.
Japanese: 翌年の大坂の役大坂夏の陣は遅参したため、破壊された道や堤の修復をした。
English: In 1619, when his father Masanori was punished by being deprived of his fief by order of the shogunate, he was attending Shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA in Kyoto, but he moved to Takaino Domain with his father.
Japanese: 元和5年（1619年）、父の正則が幕命によって改易された時、将軍徳川秀忠の上洛に随行していたが、父と共に高井野藩に移った。
English: At that time, Masanori returned 25 thousand koku (crop yield) in Uonuma County in Echigo Province, because of his grief.
Japanese: この時、正則は悲しみのあまり、越後国魚沼郡2万5000石を幕府に返上している。
English: Although his brother Masatoshi FUKUSHIMA revived the Fukushima clan as a hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) with about 3,000 koku, they later ended due to no heir.
Japanese: 弟の福島正利が3000余石の旗本として福島氏を再興したが、のち嗣子なく断絶した。
English: Later, however, Tadakatsu's grandson Masakatsu FUKUSHIMA, the oldest son of his son Masanaga FUKUSHIMA, who lived in Kyoto, was called, and he served as koshogumi oban (guard of page corps), and the Fukushima clan continued to exist as a hatamoto with 2,000 koku since then.
Japanese: しかし、その後、京に住んでいた忠勝の子・福島正長の長男で孫福島正勝が召し出され、小姓組大番として仕え、以後、福島氏は2000石の旗本として存続した。
English: Tadaakira MATSUDAIRA was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who lived from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 松平忠明（まつだいらただあきら）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期の大名。
English: He later became the first lord of Himeji Domain in Harima Province after being the lord of Ise-Kameyama Domain, Osaka Domain in Settsu Province and Koriyama Domain in Yamato Province.
Japanese: 後に伊勢亀山藩主、摂津国大坂藩主、大和国郡山藩主を経て、播磨国姫路藩の初代藩主となる。
English: In 1583, he was born the fourth son of Nobumasa OKUDAIRA, a senior vassal of the Tokugawa clan.
Japanese: 天正11年（1583年）、徳川氏の重臣・奥平信昌の4男として生まれる。
English: Since his older brother Ieharu MATSUDAIRA died in 1592, he took over the reigns of the family, and was given seven thousand koku (crop yield) in Nagane, Kozuke Province
Japanese: 文禄元年（1592年）に兄の松平家治が死去したため、その家督を継いで上野国長根に7000石を与えられた。
English: On April 6, 1599, he was given the letter 'Tada' from Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and he called himself Tadaakira.
Japanese: 慶長4年（1599年）3月11日、徳川秀忠から「忠」の字を賜って忠明と名乗る。
English: He participated in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 as the Tokugawa side together with his father,
Japanese: 慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いでは父と共に徳川方として参加した。
English: On September 14, 1610, he was changed to the lord of Ise-Kameyama Domein, added up to 50 thousand koku.
Japanese: 慶長15年（1610年）7月27日に伊勢亀山藩5万石の藩主として加増移封された。
English: At the Siege of Osaka starting from 1614, he became Taisho (general) in charge of the Kawachi entrance, leading territorial lords of Mino Province.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）からの大坂の役では美濃国の諸大名を率いて河内口方面の大将となる。
English: Although it was originally a role of Tadamasa OKUDAIRA, his older brother, in Kano Domain, to lead warlords of Mino, he died before the departure, and his soldiers just became under Tadaakira's command even without the alternate participation by his father Nobumasa from Kano.
Japanese: 元々、美濃の諸将を率いるのは加納藩の実兄・奥平忠政の役割であったが、出陣前に病没し、加納からは父・信昌による代参陣も無く兵だけが忠明指揮下に遣わされた。
English: This was why Tadaakira's mobilized strength was extremely higher than his territory distribution in Ise-Kameyama.
Japanese: 忠明の動員兵力が伊勢亀山の所領分よりも異様に高かったのは、このためである。
English: Later when the armistice agreement was concluded with the Toyotomi clan, he served as bugyo for landfilling of the outer and inner moats of Osaka-jo Castle by order of Ieyasu.
Japanese: のちに休戦協定が豊臣氏との間で結ばれると、家康の命令で大坂城外堀・内堀の埋め立て奉行を担当した。
English: After the war, his distinguished war service at the Siege of Osaka was considered, and he became the lord of Osaka Domain in Settsu Province with 100 thousand koku by special order of Ieyasu, then he tried war-damage reconstruction.
Japanese: 戦後、大坂の陣での戦功が考慮され、家康の特命により摂津大坂藩10万石の藩主となり、戦災復興にあたった。
English: The excavation of a canal which was suspended during the wartime was restarted by volunteers, and he praised this when it was completed.
Japanese: 戦時の間に中断されていた運河開削が有志によって再開され、完成に至るとこれを賞した。
English: In 1619, he was transferred to Koriyama Domain in Yamato Province, added up to 120 thousand koku by the shogunate which appreciated his ability of reconstruction.
Japanese: 復興の手腕を高く評価する幕府によって、元和(日本)5年（1619年）に大和郡山藩12万石へ加増移封された。
English: In August, 1626, he went to Kyoto with Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third shogun, and on October 9, he was appointed Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and Jiju (chamberlain).
Japanese: 寛永3年（1626年）7月には第3代将軍・徳川家光と共に上洛し、8月19日には従四位下・侍従に叙位・任官された。
English: While he was the lord of Koriyama Domain, he employed Mataemon ARAKI, a master of swordplay, as his vassal for a short time.
Japanese: なお、郡山藩主時代には短期間ながら、剣術の達人・荒木又右衛門を家臣に取り立てていた。
English: On April 6, 1639, he was transferred to Himeji Domain in Harima Province, added up to 180,000 koku.
Japanese: 寛永16年（1639年）3月3日、播磨姫路藩18万石に加増移封された。
English: 1639: Himeji Domain in Harima Province (180,000 koku) (April 6)
Japanese: 1639年（寛永16年）：播磨国姫路藩（18万石）（3月3日(旧暦)）
English: Bernard Thadee Petitjean (born June 14,1829; died October 7, 1884) was a Roman Catholic priest from France.
Japanese: ベルナール・プティジャン（BernardThadeePetitjean,1829年6月14日-1884年10月7日）は、フランス出身のカトリック教会司祭である。
English: He came to Japan as a member of La Societe des Missions Etrangeres de Paris, and devoted the later part of his life to missionary activities in Japan.
Japanese: パリ外国宣教会会員として幕末の日本を訪れ、後半生を日本の布教にささげた。
English: He became famous for being present at the 'discovery of the Hidden Christians' (discovery of believers in the Christian faith) of the Ouratenshu-do (Oura church).
Japanese: 1865年、大浦天主堂での「隠れキリシタンの発見」（信徒発見）の歴史的瞬間に立ち会ったことで有名。
English: At that time, because it was difficult for foreigners to enter Japan, he journeyed to Naha City in Ryukyu, and studied Japanese language and culture.
Japanese: 当時の日本は、外国人の入国が困難であったため、とりあえず琉球に渡り、那覇市で日本語と日本文化を学んだ。
English: He was able to enter Yokohama in 1862, and embarked to Nagasaki the following year.
Japanese: 1862年（文久2年）についに横浜市に上陸することができ、翌年長崎に渡った。
English: Later, on the basis of the treaty of commerce between France and Japan, Petitjean was permitted to build a church for French residents on a hill overlooking Nishizaka in Nagasaki (the martyrdom square of twenty-six saints of Japan).
Japanese: 後にプティジャンは日仏通商条約にもとづいて長崎の西坂（日本二十六聖人の殉教地）を見ることができる丘の上に居留地に住むフランス人の為に教会を建築する許可を得た。
English: With the revocation of the prohibition against Christianity in 1873, making Nagasaki his base, he devoted his energies to forming congregations of Christians, establishing facitilities for Japanese believers, and cultivating Japanese priests, as well as translating various scriptures and documents of religious doctrine into Japanese.
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）にキリシタン禁制が解かれると、長崎を拠点にキリスト教布教や日本人信徒組織の整備と日本人司祭の養成、教理書や各種出版物の日本語訳などに力を注ぎ、
English: Because the Ouratenshu-do (Oura church) was a western style building, and very rare in its day, it became well known, and Japanese living nearby would visit the strange edifice for sightseeing, calling it the "France Temple" or "Nanban-ji Temple" (European Temple).
Japanese: 大浦天主堂は当時珍しい洋風建築だったので評判になり、近くに住む日本人は『フランス寺』『南蛮寺』と呼び見物に訪れた。
English: Petitjean would welcome the visitors, opening up the church and allowing them to look around freely.
Japanese: プティジャンは訪れる日本人に教会を開放し、自由に見学する事を許していた。
English: There was a reason why Petitjean opened up the church he had originally built for residents from France to the Japanese who came visiting just for entertainment.
Japanese: プティジャンが本来居留フランス人の為に建てられた天主堂を、興味本位で訪れる日本人に対して解放し見学を許していたのには理由があった。
English: Because Nagasaki was an area where Christians had been martyred, the priest えexpected that there might be hidden believers in Christianity, or that he might discover a believer among the Japanese visitors.
Japanese: 長崎がキリスト教殉教者の土地であることから、未だ信徒が潜んでいるのではないか、もしかすると訪れて来る日本人の中に信者がいるのではないかというわずかながらの期待があったからである。