nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Kiyomori gained political power as a result of his military exploits in the Hogen Revolt and the Heiji Revolt, both of which arose as a result of internal conflicts in the Imperial Court; however, the Taira government was not very different from a traditional regency, as can be seen by the fact that the Taira clan occupied most of the official ranks of the Imperial Court, and Kiyomori himself became a maternal relative of the Emperor.
Japanese: 清盛は朝廷の内紛に起因する保元の乱と平治の乱で、武功を挙げ政権を獲得したが、平氏政権は平家一門で朝廷の官位を占め、清盛自身は天皇の外戚となるなど、従来の摂関政治と大差は無かった。
English: Kiyomori did not know how to manage the political system of samurai families and thus carried out old-fashioned politics, showing off the luxurious life style, excessive career success and prosperity of the Taira clan.
Japanese: 武家の政治体制をどうするかが発見できず旧来の政治を行い、その中での平氏一門の贅沢な暮らしや異様な出世、繁栄の誇示などするだけになったのである。
English: For this reason, the position of beneficial representatives among many local samurai who were hoping to improve their ranks as regional effective controllers was not sufficiently established and the Taira clan was overthrown by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who gained power through many simultaneous revolts (However, a recent theory says that germination of the organizations which were taken over to Yoritomo administration can be seen in the various systems established by Kiyomori).
Japanese: そのため、地方の実効支配者としての地位の向上を望む多数の地方武士の利益代表者の位置を十分構築できず、同時多発反乱の中から台頭した源義仲や源頼朝らによって滅ぼされた（ただし、清盛が設置した諸制度の中に後の頼朝政権に引き継がれた組織の萌芽が見られるというのが近年の有力説である）。
English: Yoritomo appeared as a flagman in revolts by samurai groups in the eastern countries, who originally served as court nobles of the Imperial Court as lords of kokuga.
Japanese: 頼朝は、当初国衙の主として朝廷公家に追い使われていた東国武士集団反乱の旗手として登場する。
English: After the Jisho Juei Revolt, during which the Taira government collapsed, he was handed a Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (a written decree from the Emperor and the Great Council of State) by Emperor Goshirakawa in 1183, which granted him sovereign authority (effective control of Tokaido and Tosando) over the eastern provinces.
Japanese: しかし平家打倒の治承・寿永の乱を経て、寿永2年/治承7年（1183年）に後白河天皇から東国における統治権的支配権（東海道・東山道の実質的支配権）を認める寿永二年十月宣旨を与えられる。
English: He was appointed Ukoneno-daisho (a position in the Ritsuryo system) but soon resigned the position, went back to Kamakura, and executed Mandokoro-kissho-hajime (the ceremony announcing the start of new official works) to establish domestic economy organizations as a Sakino-udaisho in February and March 1191.
Japanese: そして右近衛大将に任じられるがすぐに辞任し鎌倉に戻り翌建久2年（1191年）正月に前右大将として「政所吉書始」を行い家政機関を設置する。
English: Due to development of this system, he established a Kamakura-based local government and convinced the Imperial Court to allow him to deploy provincial constables and lords of manors mainly in eastern countries.
Japanese: これが発展し鎌倉を本拠とした地方政権を樹立し、東国を中心に守護と地頭の設置を朝廷に認めさせる。
English: To maintain the independence of the samurai authority, he was appointed seii taishogun, which was ranked below Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards) and established a bakufu as an administrative structure.
Japanese: その武家権力としての独立性を保つ機構を作るために近衛大将より格下の征夷大将軍に任ぜられ、その権力機構として幕府を開いた。
English: At this stage, the bakufu was a local government mainly in the eastern countries, but a samurai authority that was comparable to the emperor and the retired emperor was born.
Japanese: この時点ではまだ東国中心の地方政権であったが天皇・上皇と並ぶ武家権力が誕生した。
English: Although Yoritomo and his children in the Minamoto family perished in three generations, the Hojo clan, which was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), took FUJIWARA no Yoritsune from Sekke (line of regents and advisers) and give him the position of Shogun, and thus maintaining the position of miyashogun (shogun from the Imperial Court) and gained administrative power as a regent to the shogunate.
Japanese: 頼朝とその子らの源家は三代で滅びるが、御家人であった北条氏は、摂家から藤原頼経を迎えて将軍へと就任させ以後「宮将軍」を続け、自身は執権として政権を握る。
English: The samurai authority in Kamakura defeated the Imperial Court authority in the Jokyu Revolt, and thus the bakufu deployed Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) in the territory of the Taira family, spread their authority across the country, and eventually established the first nationally-standardized military government.
Japanese: 幕府は承久の乱で鎌倉の武家権力が朝廷権力に勝利して、旧平家領にも守護地頭を起き支配権を全国に広げ、ついに初の全国統一の武家政権となった。
English: The bakufu gradually intervened in the Imperial Court and Jito eroded Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) and Shoen, resulting in acceleration of its nation-wide governance by the military government.
Japanese: そして次第に朝廷へ介入し、地頭は国衙領や荘園へ浸食し、武家政権は徐々に全国への支配を強めた。
English: In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Emperor Godaigo and his people destroyed the Kamakura bakufu and started the Kenmu Restoration, and thus the military government was discontinued.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)、後醍醐天皇らが鎌倉幕府を滅ぼして建武の新政を開始し、武家政権は中断する。
English: However, the restoration was dictatorial and the Court noble-oriented policies of Emperor Godaigo who tried to reduce reward measures and territory of samurai families in order to restore Kokugaryo, were not supported by the samurai families and only served to confuse them.
Japanese: しかし新政は武家への恩賞施策と武家領地を減らし国衙領の復活を目指す後醍醐天皇の独裁と公家優先の政策で、武家の支持を得られずに混乱した。
English: He came to a temporary understanding with Emperor Godaigo, where he supported and protected Emperor Komyo of the Jimyoin-line (the Northern Court) and thus was appointed seii taishogun.
Japanese: 一時後醍醐帝と和解し持明院統の光明天皇を擁立（北朝(日本)）して征夷大将軍に任ぜられた。
English: For this reason, Emperor Godaigo recreated conflict with the samurai authority again and thus established the Southern Court in Yoshino, which marked the beginning of the nation-wide war between the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: そのため後醍醐天皇は再び武家権力との対立を深め、吉野に南朝(日本)を開き南北朝二つの勢力に分かれて全国的な争乱の時代となる。
English: Although the period of the Northern and Southern Courts was a time of confusion, a theory says that the existence of the Southern Court made it possible for successive Emperors to continue on while possessing authority.
Japanese: 南北朝のせいで混乱はしたが、しかし一説に南朝が一時存在したからその後天皇が継続する力になったという指摘がある。
English: In the Muromachi period, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, hatched a conspiracy to obtain the position of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) by regaining the Imperial Court's power, and obtained sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) as 'King of Japan' from Ming, China.
Japanese: 室町時代、三代将軍である足利義満は、朝廷からの権力簒奪による治天の君を目指し策謀を図り、中国の明から「日本国王」に冊封される。
English: Because Yoshimitsu usurped the Emperor and Imperial Court's authorities, including patronage, the right to hold a festa, change in era name, and sealing of jibatsu no rinji (imperial order to punish enemies), his ability to carry out actions under Chiten authority resulted in the lowest authority by the Emperor and Imperial Court in history ("Muromachi no oken" (regal power of Muromachi) and "Tenno-ke wa naze tsuduitanoka" (Why has Emperor's family lasted?) by Akira IMATANI).
Japanese: さらに義満は叙任権、祭祀権や元号の改元、治罰の綸旨の封印など権限を奪っていき治天の権限を代行して天皇・朝廷の権威は史上最も低下した（『室町の王権』、『天皇家はなぜ続いたのか』今谷明）。
English: To systematize Yoshimitsu's ambition, he aimed to ascend Yoshitsugu ASHIKAGA, his third boy, to the Emperor; however, Yoshimitsu died before consummating his scheme which ended in failure.
Japanese: その体制化として三男・足利義嗣の天皇即位を目指したがその前に義満の死亡で挫折する。
English: At first, it was prohibited for shugo to intervene in the tasks of Kokushi and the authorities of Jito, however, as a result of settlement in local areas and expansion of authorities after the Onin War, they gradually became feudal lords and cemented their grip in local areas by the late Muromachi period; shugo in this period are especially called shugo-daimyo (Japanese territorial lords).
Japanese: また守護は、当初は国司の業務や地頭の権限への介入を禁じられていたが、応仁の乱以後の地方定住と権力の拡張の結果次第に領主化して室町後期には地方支配も進み、この頃の守護は守護大名と呼ばれる。
English: In parallel with this, the Muromachi bakufu adopted the local government system, and the administration of the nation after the mid 15th century was called the Bakufu-Shugo System.
Japanese: 並行して室町幕府は地方政権化しそれにより15世紀中期からの国内統治は幕府・守護体制とよばれる。
English: Jibatsu no rinji (imperial order to punish enemies), which was sealed off for about 60 years, was reactivated and then abused, which marked the resurgence of the Emperor.
Japanese: その後60年にわたり封印されていた治罰の綸旨は享徳の乱で復活し乱用されることになり天皇の権威復活の端緒となった。
English: In the Sengoku Period, the Muromachi bakufu and shugo lost their authorities to rule the nation and daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku period, who newly came to the forefront, ruled many countries.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)、室町幕府や守護は国内統治権を失い、新たに台頭した戦国大名が多くの国を支配した。
English: The samurai authority became a decisive power, but parvenu daimyo in the Sengoku period, on the other hand, received official rank and government post from the Imperial Court and obtained administrative power and legitimate reasons.
Japanese: 武家権力は決定的な勢力となるがその一方で成り上がった戦国大名は朝廷から官位官職を受けて、権威や大義名分を得た。
English: Moreover, appointment and dismissal of the government post for utilitarian purposes to expand the power of the daimyo in the Sengoku period, starting from acquisition of Dazai no daini (the next seat position of Dazaifu) by directly reporting to the throne of the Ouchi clan, also began.
Japanese: また大内氏の直奏による大宰大弐の獲得に始まる戦国大名の勢力拡大の実利目的の官職任免もされるようになった。
English: The Kyoto-style court noble culture penetrated the samurai families and the adoration of Emperor became stronger in the complex, as seen in the fact that the Mori clan fell into raptures over receiving a woodchip of ranjatai (a fragrant wood which is said to have the best aroma) from the emperor.
Japanese: 例えば、毛利氏が蘭奢待の切屑を天皇から下賜されるだけで狂喜するなど、コンプレックスの中で京風の公家文化も武家に浸透し天皇崇拝が強まった。
English: Nobunaga ODA, who grew in strength among these daimyo in the Sengoku period, defeated the Muromachi bakufu and formed the foundation for a strong centralized system (the Oda government).
Japanese: これらの戦国大名の中から強大化した織田信長が室町幕府を滅ぼし、強力な中央集権の基礎（織田政権）を築いた。
English: Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who was a successor to Nobunaga and dominated Japan, took the imperial proclamation to become kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) as a yushi (an old Japanese adoption system) of Sakihisa KONOE and assumed the reins of government (the Toyotomi government).
Japanese: 信長の後を継いで天下を統一した豊臣秀吉は、公家である近衛前久の猶子として関白宣下を受け、政権（豊臣政権）を成立させた。
English: Hideyoshi reversed the achievement and document architecture of the military government in the Muromachi bakufu, which was even before the era of Nobunaga, and groveled at the Emperor's feet as a loyal samurai general of the Emperor ("Buke to Tenno"(the Emperor and the Samurai) by Akira IMATANI).
Japanese: 秀吉は忠実な天皇の侍大将として信長より前の室町幕府武家政権としての成果と文書体系をも覆し天皇にひれ伏した。(「武家と天皇」今谷　明)
English: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the shogun after Hideyoshi, claimed member of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) by following "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), assumed the post of seii taishogun, and established the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 次の徳川家康は吾妻鏡を手本とし清和源氏を称し、征夷大将軍の位に就き、江戸幕府を開いた。
English: The Edo period lasted for 264 years and the bakufu controlled the Imperial Court based on Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles).
Japanese: 江戸時代は264年間に渡って続き、幕府は朝廷を禁中並公家諸法度などにより統制した。
English: On the other hand, authorities of the Emperor, which were restored in the Sengoku period, once turned into an independent-type bakufu which was modeled on the Kamakura bakufu; however, along with the stability of lives and editing of the Great Japanese History, the delegation from the Imperial Court of the Edo bakufu became larger.
Japanese: しかしその一方で戦国期に復興した天皇の権威は、鎌倉幕府を模範とした独立型の幕府としたはずなのに、世の中の安定と共に大日本史の編纂を契機にして江戸幕府の朝廷からの委任論が大きくなる。
English: Each domain of the bakufu ran into debt from large-scale merchants and eventually went broke because of their dependence on agricultural fundamentalism to rule the nation, in addition, basic systems such as tax collection, did not respond to the establishment of the lower capitalist society made up of flourishing commerce.
Japanese: また武家権力による天下統一のため農地を基礎とする農本主義を選択せざるを得ず商業の隆盛による前期資本主義的社会の成立に財政徴税などの基本体制が対応できず幕府各藩とも大商人からの借入が拡大し破綻していく。
English: The samurai authority was unable to catch up with the changes in society, even though there were some struggles including payment of goyokin (the money the Edo bakufu charged temporarily on farmers and merchants) to each government contractor and failure to pay Daimyogashi (lending money to a daimyo with high interest).
Japanese: 御用商人への御用金の納入や大名貸しの踏み倒しなどの軋轢はあったが武家権力が社会の変化に追いついていかない。
English: At the end of the Edo period, as many foreign countries requested the bakufu to open the nation to the world, movements such as Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), and yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th Shogun, implemented Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) under the unstable political situation, resulting in the end of the military government.
Japanese: 江戸時代末期になり、諸外国が幕府に開国を求めると、尊皇攘夷などの運動が盛んとなり、政情不安の中で、十五代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い、武家政権は終焉を迎えた。
English: The samurai authority remained in the form of the Tokugawa family; however, some civil wars, starting from the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, were held between forces mainly consisting of the Tokugawa family and the Sacchodohi yuhan (the domains of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa and Higo), a force of the western Japan which was restored by the reform, as a result, the Sacchodohi yuhan, which became a government army formed by the Imperial Court, defeated the forces of the Tokugawa family.
Japanese: ただし徳川家としての武家権力は残るが、やがて鳥羽・伏見の戦いに始まる徳川家を中心とする勢力と改革により復興した西日本の薩長土肥雄藩との内戦は朝廷による官軍となった薩長土肥側の勝利となる。
English: However, this war also had an aspect of a coup d'etat launched by the lower class samurai of each domain for Yuhan.
Japanese: しかしこれは雄藩側も各藩の実務下級藩士勢力のクーデターという面を持っている。
English: After that, the Meiji Government held sovereignty, and accordingly, daimyo and other samurai were ranked as peerage and warrior class respectively, and samurai families disappeared.
Japanese: 以後の日本は明治政府が統治を行い、大名は華族、他の武士は士族とされ、武家は消滅していった。
English: The ideology of samurai families remained in modern Japan of the Meiji period in the form of a rooted family system enforced through education and a garrison state based on the conscription system, which became a model for later periods in Japan.
Japanese: 武家の思想は、教育による家族制度の徹底化や徴兵制による軍事国家など明治近代日本に変化した形で生き残ってその後の日本を生み出す元になった。
English: Fushimiban are block printed books printed at the Enko-ji Temple (now Ichijoji, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), which was established on a corner of the Fushimi School in Fushimi Ward of Yamashiro Province by order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 伏見版（ふしみばん）とは、江戸時代初頭に、徳川家康の命により、山城国伏見区の伏見学校の一角に建立された円光寺（現在地は、京都市左京区一乗寺）において開版された木活字版のことである。
English: Genkitsu first published "Koshi-kego" (a chronicle of the sayings and doings of Confucius and his disciples), "Rikuto," and "Sanryaku" (ancient Chinese strategy books) in 1599.
Japanese: 元佶が出版した書籍は、1599年の『孔子家語』、『六韜』、『三略』が最初である。
English: In 1605 Jotai SAISHO also published "Azuma kagami" (a chronicle of the Kamakura bakufu from 1180 to 1266) and "Shueki" (the first book in China written in the Zhou Dynasty period) were published.
Japanese: 1605年には、やはり西笑承兌により、『吾妻鏡』と『周易』が出版されている。
English: In 1612, after the founding father Genkitsu died, the Enko-ji Temple, belonging to the Rinzai Sect, was moved to within the premises of the Shokoku-ji Temple and afterwards was relocated to the Shugakuin Village, Otagi County during 1661 to 1673.
Japanese: 1612年の、開山である元佶の没後、臨済宗に属する円光寺は、相国寺の境内に移り、その後、寛文年間（1661年-1673年）には、愛宕郡修学院村（現在地）に移転している。
English: According to the description in 'Enkoji-yuishogaki' (a book written about the history of Enko-ji Temple), the wooden type used for Fushimiban was given by Ieyasu.
Japanese: 伏見版に使用された木活字は、「円光寺由緒書」によれば、家康から拝領したものであったことになる。
English: However, in 1815 Mitsuru MINAGAWA borrowed the type to print his father's last work ("Kien-bunshu" (Kien writings, Kien is Mitsuru's father)) and added more type to compensate for missing ones.
Japanese: 但し、1815年に皆川允が拝借して亡父の遺稿集（『淇園文集』）などを出版した折に、不足の活字を補った。
English: The Consortium of Universities in Kyoto is a foundation consisting of universities in and around Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, including Ritsumeikan University, Ryukoku University, and Doshisha University.
Japanese: 財団法人大学コンソーシアム京都（ざいだんほうじんだいがくこんそーしあむきょうと）とは、日本の京都府京都市周辺に所在する立命館大学、龍谷大学、同志社大学などを中心とした大学によって構成された財団法人。
English: The 'University Center Kyoto' was established in Kyoto City to realize a credit transfer system among private universities and was the parent organization.
Japanese: 京都市内の私立大学間で単位互換制度を広く実施するため発足した「京都・大学センター」が母体となった。
English: The foundation started 'Miyako College (City College until 2006),' a credit earning plan for working people, and a collaboration with industries and universities in the early stage.
Japanese: はやくから社会人のための単位取得プラン「京（みやこ）カレッジ（2006年度まではシティー・カレッジ）」や、産学連携事業もおこなっている。
English: As of 2006, 55 organizations including national university corporations and business associations are members.
Japanese: 2006年現在では国立大学法人や財界団体もふくめ、55団体が加盟する組織体となっている。
English: 2000: College-Town Exchange Center (Campus Plaza Kyoto) was built in front of Kyoto Station, and the head office of the foundation was moved there.
Japanese: 2000年京都駅前に大学のまち交流センター（通称キャンパスプラザ京都）完成、財団事務局を移転する京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
English: Bunan no Koji Sodo was an incident in which Kitano koji za (a guild in Kitano for producers of koji malt, a kind of mold grown on produce such as boiled rice), who controlled production of koji malt (which is part of the sake brewing process) in Kyoto, was attacked by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) causing its decline during the Muromachi Period.
Japanese: 文安の麹騒動（ぶんあんのこうじそうどう）とは、室町時代、京都において酒造工程の一つである麹造りを支配していた座（北野麹座）が室町幕府の攻撃を受けて没落した事件。
English: Although the sakaya industry had existed in Kyoto since the Kamakura Period, production of koji malt did not fall under the sakaya industry at the time, with the production and sale of kojiya malt being independent.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代から京都には酒屋が隆盛をきわめていったが、当時はまだ麹造りは酒屋の職業範囲ではなく、麹の製造から販売までをつかさどる麹屋が別個に存在した。
English: Obtaining the position of jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) at Kitano-sha Shrine (present Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine), the kojiya formed a guild called 'koji-za' and had exclusive rights to produce and sell koji malt in the western part of Kyoto backed by the authority of Kitano-sha Shrine (honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor)).
Japanese: 麹屋は北野社（現在の北野天満宮）の神人（じにん）身分を得て「麹座」と呼ばれる同業者組合（座）を結成して北野社（本所）の権威を背景に京都西部の麹の製造・販売の独占権を有していた。
English: The Kitano koji za reacted strongly to the penetration of the koji malt production industry by Sakaya with financial power.
Japanese: 資本力をもった酒屋が業界の垣根をこえて麹造りにも進出し、北野麹座は強く反発した。
English: However, the Muromachi bakufu, in its prime under Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, regulated Enryaku-ji Temple and other powerful temples and shrines in Kyoto which exercised their private power within the Kyoto area in 1386 (Concentrating police authority in the bakufu).
Japanese: だが、この頃、室町幕府が足利義満のもとで全盛期を迎えており、至徳(日本)3年（1386年）には延暦寺以下京都の有力寺社が京都の地域内において私的権力を行使する事が制限された（警察権の幕府への集中）。
English: Furthermore, with 'Five rules regarding doso and sake shops scattered around Rakuchu' enacted in 1393, the bakufu taxed doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders) and sakaya in Kyoto without exception regardless of guild membership, and, as a result, the honjo's sovereignty over the guild was allowed only under regulation by the bakufu.
Japanese: 更に、明徳4年（1393年）には「洛中辺土散在土倉并酒屋役条々」が出され、幕府が京都の土倉・酒屋に対して座への加入を問わず一律に課税する事となり、本所の座への支配権は幕府の制限下においてのみ許されるという状況にあった。
English: Although Enryaku-ji Temple, the largest honjo power at the time, strongly opposed to these rules, they were helpless before the momentum of Yoshimitsu.
Japanese: これには当時最大の本所勢力であった延暦寺などは強く反発したが、当時の義満の勢いの前にはなすすべもなかった。
English: Taking advantage of this situation, Kitano koji za approached the bakufu in exchange for tax paid to the bakufu.
Japanese: この情勢に目をつけた北野麹座は幕府への運上金と引き換えに幕府に接近する。
English: In 1419, the bakufu gave all rights to produce and sell koji malt in Kyoto to Kitano koji za, and it was determined that all sakaya in Kyoto should purchase koji malt from Kitano koji za.
Japanese: 応永26年（1419年）幕府は北野麹座に京都全域における麹の製造販売の権利一切を与え、京都の全ての酒屋は北野麹座から麹を購入する事が決定された。
English: When the sakayas opposed this, the bakufu mobilized an army to destroy every koji factory called 'koji muro' attached to the sakaya.
Japanese: これに酒屋側が反発すると、幕府は兵を動員して「麹室」と呼ばれる酒屋付属の麹工房を悉く打ち壊した。
English: However, some of the sakaya belonged to Enryaku-ji Temple as their honjo, and they complained about the conduct of the bakufu and the koji za to Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: ところが酒屋の座の中には延暦寺を本所とするものがおり、彼らは延暦寺に麹座と幕府の行為を訴えた。
English: Kitano-sha Shrine was under the control of Enryaku-ji Temple at the time, and, worried that the decline of the sakaya under its control would result in decreased tax income, Enryaku-ji Temple asked Kitano-sha Shrine to stop the monopoly.
Japanese: 当時北野社は延暦寺の傘下にあり、自己支配下の酒屋の衰退が運上金の減少を招くと考えた延暦寺は北野社に独占を止めるように求めた。
English: The conflict between the koji za and the sakaya and between Kitano-sha Shrine and Enryaku-ji Temple escalated resulting in Enryaku-ji Temple barricading themselves in Saito-Shakado, and petitioning Kyoto in 1444.
Japanese: 麹座と酒屋、そして背後の北野社と延暦寺の対立はエスカレートし、文安元年（1444年）延暦寺は西塔釈迦堂に立てこもり、次いで京都に向けて強訴を行った。
English: The bakufu, whose political influence had weakened after the Kakitsu Incident three years before, gave in to Enryaku-ji Temple, and allowed the abolition of the monopoly on Kitano koji za.
Japanese: 3年前の嘉吉の変以後その政治的影響力が減退していた幕府はこれに屈して北野麹座の独占権の廃止を認めた。
English: In response, Mochikuni HATAKEYAMA, the kanrei (shogunal deputy), dispatched an army to Kitano-sha Shrine on April 13 to suppress the protest.
Japanese: これに対して管領畠山持国は4月13日に鎮圧の兵を北野社に差し向けた。
English: This lead to an armed conflict leaving some dead, and the area around Kitano-sha Shrine burnt, but the bakufu successfully conquered the surrounding area.
Japanese: これによって武力衝突に発展して死者も出した上、北野社一帯が炎上したが幕府側が付近の制圧に成功した。
English: In a political sense, the derogation of the bakufu's power to control Kyoto became apparent, and revived the influence held by powerful temples.
Japanese: また、政治的には京都における幕府の支配力の低下が明らかとなり、京都における有力寺社の影響力も復活した。
English: After that, though the monopoly of the koji malt by Kitano koji za was permitted again in 1545 due to the catch up by Kitano koji za, it was too late, as the Muromachi bakufu had fallen from power, and the production of koji malt had become integrated into the sakaya industry.
Japanese: その後、麹屋側の巻き返しにより天文_(元号)14年（1545年）には再度北野麹座による麹の独占が許されるものの、室町幕府の権威が完全に失墜した状況下では時は既に遅く、やがて麹造りは酒屋業の一工程となった。
English: This incident also contributed to the rise of sobo shu (sake produced by monks) such as "Bodaisen," "Yamadaru," and "Yamato Tafunomine zake" in Nara, "Hogen zake" in Echizen, "Hyakusaidera shu" in Omi, and "Kanshinji shu" in Kawachi.
Japanese: またこの事件は、奈良の『菩提泉（ぼだいせん）』『山樽（やまだる）』『大和多武峯（たふのみね）酒』、越前の『豊原（ほうげん）酒』、近江の『百済寺酒』、河内の『観心寺酒』などの僧坊酒が台頭する一因ともなった。
English: The Battle of Fushimi Castle is a preliminary skirmish of the Battle of Sekigahara, which took place from August 26, to September 8, 1600.
Japanese: 伏見城の戦い（ふしみじょうのたたかい）は、慶長5年（1600年）7月18日から8月1日まで行なわれた関ヶ原の戦いの前哨戦。
English: After the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was seeking the post of tenkabito (the ruler of the kingdom), began invading the Aizu Domain to attack Kagekatsu UESUGI's army in 1600, claiming that Uesugi was a treacherous retainer who rebelled against the administrative authority because he had often ignored the order to go to the capital.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の死後、次の天下人の座を狙う徳川家康は、慶長5年、度重なる上洛命令を無視した上杉景勝を公儀に反抗する逆臣として征伐すると称し、会津攻めを開始した。
English: One year earlier, the chief minister, Toshiie MAEDA who had belonged to the TOYOTOMI faction and been ranked with Ieyasu, died from an illness, and the anti-Ieyasu faction including Mitsunari ISHIDA, one of the five commissioners (administrative organ of feudal Japan established by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), fell from power.
Japanese: すでにこの前年には、家康と並び称された親豊臣派の大老・前田利家が病死しており、五奉行の石田三成ら反家康派も失脚していた。
English: Ieyasu left around 1800 soldiers, including hereditary vassals such as Mototada TORII, Ienaga NAITO, Ietada MATSUDAIRA and Chikamasa MATSUDAIRA, in the Fushimi-jo Castle to protect the territories in the vicinity of the capital, and proceeded to the Aizu Domain with the leading soldiers of his army.
Japanese: 家康は畿内の守りとして、譜代の家臣である鳥居元忠、内藤家長、松平家忠、松平近正ら1800名ほどの兵を伏見城に残すに留め、徳川軍主力を率いて会津攻めに向かう。