nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Suimono is a kind of soup of Japanese cuisine consisting of suiji (soup stock flavored with soy sauce and salt), wandane (a main, solid ingredient), tsuma (a garnish lending a touch of color), suikuchi (a fragrant garnish) and so forth.
Japanese: 吸い物（すいもの）は日本料理のスープの一種で、出汁に醤油や塩を加えて作った汁（吸い地）に椀種、つま、吸い口などを浮かべたもの。
English: Originally, "suimono" is an accompaniment to a drink while "shiru" including sumashijiru is served with boiled rice; however, they are often confused with each other.
Japanese: 本来、“吸い物”は酒肴であり“汁”は飯とともに供されるものであるが、日常的には混同されることも多い。
English: The taste of suimono depends on the soup stock; therefore, it is more important than anything else to prepare good soup stock.
Japanese: 吸い物は出汁で味が決まるためよい出汁をとることがなによりも重要である。
English: In Japan, many kinds of instant suimono are on the market; moreover, suimono accompanies sushi, etc. delivered to order.
Japanese: 日本ではインスタント食品が数多く出ており、寿司などを配達してもらうとついてくる。
English: When using raw animal food such as fish, shellfish and chicken, it is necessary to boil it without fail to solidify water-soluble protein and thereby to prevent it from dissolving in water; otherwise, the stock will become cloudy and unpleasing to the eye.
Japanese: 魚介類や鶏肉など、生の動物質を使うときは、必ず一度茹でて水溶性たんぱく質を凝固させ、溶出を防止しないと汁が濁り、見た目が悪くなる。
English: Soup stock colored and flavored with soy sauce, salt, and other seasoning is called 'suiji.'
Japanese: 出汁に醤油や塩などを加えて色付け・香り付けした汁を「吸い地（すいじ）」という。
English: Suiji is also called 'suiji happo' (literally, all-purpose soup stock) in that its taste matches well with any solid ingredient; however, 'suiji happo' refers in some cases to soup stock seasoned somewhat strongly that is used to season wandane.
Japanese: 「吸い地」はどのような具材にも合うという意味で「吸い地八方（すいじはっぽう）」ともいう（ただし、「吸い地八方」は椀種に予め味付けするために多少濃く味付けしたものを指すこともある）。
English: A shoji refers to a screen consisting of a wooden frame covered in paper allowing the passage of light, used as a sliding door or window in a Japanese house.
Japanese: 障子（しょうじ）は、日本家屋における扉、窓に用いる建具の一つで、明かりを通すように木枠に紙張りになっているもの。
English: Due to the spread of glass and curtains, the use of shoji became less popular; however, the creation of shoji used with glass and the like, precluded shoji from becoming extinct.
Japanese: ガラスやカーテンが普及するようになって使用は減ったものの、ガラス併用の障子なども作られ消滅することはなかった。
English: Shoji consisting of glass and paper that can slide up and down so one can view the snow through the glass behind it is called a yukimi shoji.
Japanese: 一部がガラスになっていて障子部分が開け閉めできるものを雪見障子という。
English: Since ancient times, shoji has been in existence as a symbol of Japanese architectural culture while creating the beauty of light and shadow and a culture that respects the contrast, both of which are unique to a Japanese house.
Japanese: 古来より、日本家屋独特のほの暗さの文化や陰翳の美を演出するものとして、日本の建築文化の象徴的な存在であった。
English: Today, the value of a shoji as an interior decoration is being reappreciated; moreover, other merits thereof, such as insulation effects provided by the use of a glass door and the effect of blocking ultraviolet rays to some extent, are being discovered.
Japanese: 現代においてはインテリアとしの再評価の他、ガラス戸との組合せによる断熱効果、紫外線の軽減効果などで見直されつつある。
English: Akari shoji is presumed to have come into being around the late Heian period, that is, to have been devised approximately 100 years after the birth of fusuma.
Japanese: 明かり障子の誕生は、平安時代末期の頃で、襖よりもおよそ100年程後に工夫されたと推測されている。
English: In structural terms, it resembles fusuma, which has a shielding function and serves as a partition, while being different in that it has two contradictory functions, that is, the function of shielding one space from another and that of allowing the passage of outdoor light into an indoor space although it is simpler than fusuma; thus, akari shoji was an epoch-making invention.
Japanese: 建具の構造としては、間仕切りとしての隔ての機能をもつ襖に近く、さらに襖よりも簡素ながら、隔てと採光いう矛盾した機能を併せもつ明かり障子の発明は、画期的なことであった。
English: In the Heian period, a double sliding lattice door became widely used.
Japanese: 平安時代後期になると、引き違いの格子戸が広く使用されるようになった。
English: The Picture Scroll of "the Tale of Genji" and "the Picture Scroll of Annual Events" refer to the use of a black lacquered double sliding lattice door and a partition built into a wall.
Japanese: 『源氏物語絵巻』『年中行事絵巻』などには、黒漆塗の格子戸を引き違いに使ったり、嵌め込み式に建て込んだ間仕切りの様子が描かれている。
English: The openings on the four sides of the Byodoin, erected by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi in 1053, are provided with doors as well as latticed wooden doors inside.
Japanese: 天喜元年（1053年）藤原頼通が建立した平等院は四周の開口部には扉を設けているが、その内側に格子板戸も併せ用いている。
English: A sliding latticed door allows the indoor space to be naturally lit and ventilated with the shielding function that a door fulfilled.
Japanese: このような格子遣戸の用い方は、隔ての機能を果たしながら、採光や通風を得ることができる。
English: Among them, TAIRA no Kiyomori's izumidono (residence of the head of a clan/family with a fountain) in Rokuhara is said to have been a splendid mansion symbolizing his power.
Japanese: なかでも平清盛の六波羅泉殿は、その権勢を象徴する豪壮な邸宅であったという。
English: A reconstruction of the above shows that the mansion had, unlike a conventional house, built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture, functional and rational devices using many partitions.
Japanese: その復元図によると、従来の寝殿造りとはかなり異なり、間仕切りを多用した機能的合理的工夫がみられる。
English: Other than walls, it was conventional pratice to use latticed shutters or sliding doors as a partition between indoor and outdoor spaces; these were extremely inconvenient, however, in that they gave no protection from the weather when open.
Japanese: 室外との隔ては、従来壁面を除き蔀戸や舞良戸が主体であり、開放すると雨風を防ぐ事ができず、誠に不便な建具であった。
English: A bamboo blind lattice were used so that the function of allowing the passage of outdoor light and the function of shielding one space from another could be fulfilled; however, it was really difficult to keep out the cold in winter.
Japanese: 採光と隔ての機能を果たすため、簾や格子などが使用されていたが、冬期は誠に凌ぎにくかった。
English: Against the backdrop, a new screen satisfactorily fulfilling the functions of separating one space from another and allowing the passage of outdoor light into an indoor space and giving protection against cold wind, the akari shoji came into being.
Japanese: 隔てと採光の機能を充分に果たし、しかも寒風を防ぐ新しい建具として、明かり障子が誕生した。
English: However, it was impossible to keep out the wind and rain with only akari shoji; therefore, it was used in combination with mairado (a wooden sliding door constructed of a single wooden panel called 'wata-ita' and set into a timber frame called 'kamachi'), shitomi (latticed shutters), a lattice, etc.
Japanese: しかし、明かり障子のみでは風雨には耐えられないため、舞良戸、蔀、格子などと併せて用いられた。
English: Akari shoji of approx. 5.4m in total length were provided along the perimeter of the area under the northern eaves of the main house of the izumidono in Rokuhara.
Japanese: 六波羅泉殿の寝殿北廂の、外回りに明かり障子が三間にわたって使用されていた。
English: "Sankaiki" contains descriptions of the 'withdrawal of akari shoji' from the main house and area under the wide eaves mentioned above as well as the 'installation of akari shoji into the same, etc.
Japanese: 『山槐記』には、この寝殿や広廂に「明かり障子を撤去する」とか「明かり障子を立つ」などの記述もある。
English: A graphical restoration of "Heike Nokyo" ('nokyo' refers to a copy of a sutra offered to a temple/shrine), which was offered to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in 1164 by TAIRA no Kiyomori along with a written petition, contains a picture depicting akari shoji provided with a priest's hermitage.
Japanese: 平清盛が願文を添えて長寛二年（1164年）厳島神社に奉納した『平家納経』図録には、僧侶の庵室に明かり障子が描かれている。
English: It is said that, in those days, akari shoji was fabricated with a structure consisting of a frame, two thick vertical crosspieces and four horizontal crosspieces, and a sheet of silk fabric or thin paper pasted over one side of the structure.
Japanese: この時代の明かり障子の構造は、四周（ししゅう）に框（かまち）を組み、太い竪桟二本に横桟を四本わたし、片面に絹または薄紙を貼ったものであったという。
English: An ancient writing describing shitsurai (putting decorations suitable to the season or a ritual onto an appropriate indoor place) in a house built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture contains a statement that 'the lacquered structure of akari shoji was covered with cloth or paper after the erection of pillars and the construction of kamoi (a narrow piece of wood that passes over the sliding doors and around an entire Japanese room).'
Japanese: 寝殿造りの室礼を記した古文書の中に、「柱をたてまわして鴨居を置きてのち、塗子（ぬりこ）の明かり障子を間ごとに覆う」とある。
English: It is notable that akari shoji with lacquered framework was used in a house built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture and in the historical development of akari shoji, it was considered to be a kind of shitsurai equivalent to fusuma.
Japanese: 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあったことは注目に値する。
English: Akari shoji having a structure consisting of a frame and thinner members traversing in between, namely, muntins, as seen today, came into being in the Kamakura period and is often found in picture scrolls made in that period.
Japanese: 框に細い組子骨を用いる現在のような明かり障子は、鎌倉時代の絵巻物に多く登場するようになる。
English: Akari shoji, assumed to have been made on the occasion of reconstruction of Daishido House in the western section of To-ji Temple during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (more specifically, in 1380), is said to be the oldest akari shoji in existence.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)期康暦二年（1380年）の東寺西院大師堂の再建当時のものとされている明障子が、最古の明障子といわれている。
English: This akari shoji is characterized by the following: the horizontal members of its frame as well as the crosspieces being the same in width; the vertical and horizontal crosspieces are entwined in each other to form a muntin grid called "jigoku-kumiko"; the front and side faces of the crosspieces are nearly the same in width.
Japanese: 上下の框と桟も同じような幅でできており、縦桟と横桟を交互に編み付ける地獄組子となっており、また桟の見付けと見込みもほぼ同じ寸法でできている。
English: Cutting a single wide groove might have been slightly easier than cutting two grooves.
Japanese: 2本の溝を彫るよりも、幅の広い溝を1本彫るほうがわずかに簡単であったのかもしれない。
English: However, it seems to be appropriate to deem a komochi shoji as a technically accomplished ornament rather than a necessity because it was created with an architectural technique of the Zen sect temple style.
Japanese: しかし、禅宗様の建築であることから、技巧的な遊びと考えた方が妥当と思われる。
English: Without any device, a single groove does not allow two shoji to pass by each other.
Japanese: 1本の溝に2本の障子を入れても、そのままでは引き違えないので、工夫がある。
English: Accordingly, the stile on the pillar side is configured to have a width nearly equal to that of the groove while the meeting stile is not modified.
Japanese: 召合わせの縦框はそのままにして柱側の縦框をほぼ溝幅に合わせて作ってある。
English: Komochi shoji, which are the oldest remnants of architecture of the abbot's chamber in Zen sect temples, are seen in Ryogian hojo (abbot's chamber) in the Tofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 子持ち障子は、禅宗方丈建築の最古の遺構である、東福寺竜吟庵方丈にも使われている。
English: The two of the above four akari shoji are configured to pass each other, set in the middle groove, while the remaining two with smaller widths are fixed to the right and left of the two sliding akari shoji.
Japanese: 中央の2枚が上記の方法で引き分けられ、外の2枚は幅が狭く、開閉のできない嵌め殺しとなっている。
English: Such actual usage of akari shoji led to the contrivance of koshidaka shoji (tall skirted sliding screen), that is an akari shoji with the lower half covered with a wooden panel to protect it from the rain.
Japanese: こうした実際の使用状況から、明かり障子の雨が当たりやすい下半分に板を張った、腰高障子が考案されている。
English: The height of the skirting of a koshidaka shoji was 80cm, naturally equal to the height of the lower half of hajitomi.
Japanese: 腰高はおよそ80センチメートルで、半蔀の下半分と同じ腰高であったのも、必然であった。
English: "Boki-ekotoba," a picture scroll with an explanation depicting the biography of Kakunyo, a priest of Hongan-ji Temple of the Shinshu sect of Buddhism, which was made during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in 1351), and it contains a picture of a priest's body chamber with a double sliding shoji consisting of two koshidaka shoji and having a mairado (as defined above)-like structure in its lower half.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)の観応二年（1351年）に描かれた真宗本願寺覚如の伝記絵『慕帰絵詞』に僧侶の住房に、下半分を舞良戸仕立てにした、腰高障子が2枚引き違いに建てられているのが描かれている。
English: There are several requirements, as follows, for paper used for akari shoji, intended for naturally lighting indoor space; highly translucent, thin paper is suitable; tear-resistance and toughness are required; cheaper paper is preferable.
Japanese: 室内を明るくする採光を目的とした明かり障子は、透光性のよい薄い紙が良いが、破れにくい粘り強さが必要であり、また価格も安い物が好まれる。
English: To satisfy these requirements, paper for miscellaneous purposes (including drafting and wrapping), e.g., coarse paper and nakaori-gami (a kind of hanshi - standard size Japanese writing paper - folded in the middle) was used as shoji paper, instead of "danshi" (fine-quality creased Japanese paper), "hoshoshi" (fine-quality, thick, white Japanese paper), and "torinoko" paper (stout, smooth Japanese paper) unsuitable as shoji paper.
Japanese: このような条件を満たす紙としては、壇紙(だんし)や奉書紙、鳥の子などは不適当で、障子紙としては雑紙や中折紙など、文書草案用や包み紙などの雑用の紙を用いた。
English: Among several types of shoji paper, "Minogami," also known as Mino-zasshi ("zasshi" refers to coarse paper), was the most disseminated multi-purpose paper and therefore used commonly as shoji paper, which resulted in the Mino-zasshi becoming appreciated as typical paper for akari shoji.
Japanese: 中でも美濃紙は美濃雑紙と呼ばれて、多用途の紙として最も多く流通していたので、障子紙としても多用され、美濃雑紙が明かり障子紙の代表として評価されるようになった。
English: Akari shoji spread along with the shoin style, namely, a residential architecture study-room style, and was said to be 'integral to shoin (a study or drawing room),' paper used was called "shoingami."
Japanese: 明かり障子は書院造様式によって普及し、「書院の明かり障子」といわれたことから、明かり障子に貼る紙は、書院紙と呼ばれるようになった。
English: Shoingami was made in most of the kamigo (areas that produce handmade paper) around Japan; however, most of this handmade paper was consumed in the vicinity of the production areas, and only a small volume was distributed on the market because dimensions of lattice crosspieces of shoji varied according to districts.
Japanese: 書院造では、障子の格子桟の寸法が地方によって異なるので、書院紙は全国ほとんどの紙郷で漉かれたが、産地周辺で消費され、市場で流通することが少なかった。
English: "Wakan-sansai-zue" (an encyclopedia compiled in the Edo period) (compiled by Ryoan TERASHIMA, 1713) contains a statement that 'shoingami produced at Terao in Mino Province had the best quality, Suo Province had the second best quality, and Iwaki in Mutsu Province, in Shimotsuke and Nasu Provinces, and in Hiroshima in Aki Province had the third best quality.'
Japanese: 『和漢三歳図絵(わかんさんさいずえ)』（寺島良安編1713年）には、「美濃国寺尾より出るものもっとも佳し。周防国之に次ぎ、陸奥国岩城、下野国、那須、安芸国広島、また之に次ぐ。｣とある。
English: In addition to the above, shoingami produced in Inaba, Kai, Higo, Tosa, and Shinano Provinces, etc. was distributed on the market.
Japanese: この他に、因幡国、甲斐国、肥後国、土佐国、信濃国などで産した書院紙が市場で流通した。
English: Mino, Kai and Tosa Provinces are still producing shoji paper.
Japanese: この中では、美濃国、甲斐、土佐の書院紙が、今日でも障子紙の産地として命脈を保っている。
English: "Shinsen Kami-kagami" lists Mino Shoin-shi, watermarked Mino Shoinshi, Moroguchishi and Inaba Shoingami as shoingami; moreover, nakaorigami (as defined above), three-folded paper and large paper were used as shoingami.
Japanese: 『新選紙鑑(かみかがみ)』には、書院紙として美濃書院紙・美濃紋書院紙、安芸国の諸口紙そして因幡書院紙をあげているが、中折紙、三つ折紙、大判紙なども書院紙として利用された。
English: "Shokoku Shimeiroku" (a directory of paper produced in areas all around Japan) compiled in the early Meiji period notes that paper produced in many areas were for use in shoji, which means that production of shoingami according to different, locally applied dimensions of shoji survived in those days around Japan.
Japanese: 明治初期の『諸国紙名録』には多くの紙に障子用として注記しているので、このころでも全国の各地でさまざまな地域の建具寸法に合わせた書院紙が漉かれ続けていたことが分かる。
English: "Wakan-sansai-zue" (as explained above) contains the following statement in the section concerning shoji: "Shoingami produced at Terao in Noshu has the best quality and therefore is called "Minogami".
Japanese: 『和漢三才図会』には、障子の項で、「濃州寺尾より出るものもっとも佳し。故に呼びて美濃紙と称す。
English: This is more suitable for handwriting text, sealing a letter, and covering shoji and garden lanterns more than any paper produced in a different place."
Japanese: 以て書籍を写し書翰を包み、障子および灯籠を張るのに之にまさるものなし。」とある。
English: "Shinsen Kami-kagami" lists the following four craftsmen who made shoji paper, or shoingami, and were designated as purveyors to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun): Ichiemon, Goemon, Heihachi and Jubei.
Japanese: 『新選紙鑑(かみかがみ)』には幕府ご用の障子紙、すなわち書院紙の漉工として、市右衛門、五右衛門、平八、重兵衛の4人の名をあげている。
English: Mino Shoinshi was developed along with the shoin style (a residential architecture study-room style) and holds an established position as paper most suitable for akari shoji.
Japanese: 美濃書院紙という名は、書院造とともに発展し、明かり障子に最もふさわしい紙として定着した。
English: "Gifuken Shiko" (a historical document concerning Gifu Prefecture), which was written in the early Meiji period, states the existence of paper called two-folded Minogami and three-folded Minogami, and "Report on the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia" contains the following statement: 'Two-folded Minogami is useful for covering two coffers while three-folded Minogami is used for covering three coffers collectively.'
Japanese: 明治初期の『岐阜県史稿』によると、二つ折美濃、三つ折美濃という紙があり、明治九年（1876年）の『米国博覧会（フィラデルフィア万国博覧会）報告書』には、「二ツ折ハ障子二格間（格子間）ヲ貼るニ便シ、三ツ折ハ三格間ヲ併セテ貼ルの料トス。」とある。
English: Shoingami was made and sized according to a coffer width, which varied by districts and was not standardized.
Japanese: 書院紙は、障子の格子幅に併せて漉かれたが、障子の格子の幅は各地域でまちまちで規格が統一されていなかつた。
English: In the case of Mino Shoinshi, for example, used in Owari/Mino, Mikawa and Ise was 1.81, 25.1 and 24.8cm, respectively, in vertical length.
Japanese: たとえば、美濃書院紙の場合、尾張・美濃用は縦寸法が九寸三分、三河用は八寸三分、伊勢用は八寸二分であった。
English: The section addressing Mino Province of "Bankin-sugiwai-bukuro" (a document concerning industrial history), which was written by Yarai MIYAKE and published in 1732 contains the term 'monshoji' (shoji covered with watermarked paper); "Mino Meisaiki," which was written by Saneomi ITO (伊藤実臣) and published in 1738, refers to the production of watermarked paper in the vicinity of the Mugigawa River basin.
Japanese: 享保十七年（1732年）刊の三宅也来の『万金産業袋』の美濃国のなかに「紋障子」とあり、元文三年（1738年）刊の伊藤実臣の『美濃明細記』には、武儀川流域で紋透かし紙を漉いていたことが記されている。
English: In addition, "Naniwa Marukomoku" (a document concerning topography of Naniwa), which was published in 1777, refers to watermarked Minogami; moreover, "Shinsen Kami-kagami," which was published in the same year, has a section concerning paper produced in Mino, which contains the term 'monshoji' (as defined above).
Japanese: また安永六年（1777年）刊の『難波丸項目』に紋美濃そして同年刊の『新選紙鑑(かみかがみ)』のなかの美濃産紙の項に「紋障子」とある。
English: The monshoinshi was produced at Yanagawa in Chikugo and in Higo besides Mino, and "Shokoku Shimeiroku" (as explained above) notes that monshoinshi produced in Higo had good-quality watermarks.
Japanese: この紋書院紙は、美濃のほか筑後柳川や肥後でも紋書院紙を産し、『諸国紙名録』には、肥後産紋書院紙を「スカシヨシ」と注記している。
English: Mino Shoinshi was made while being decorated with beautiful watermark patterns such as a dappled pattern, key pattern, chrysanthemum arabesque pattern, oval-ring pattern, and hexagonal pattern, and used for paper-covered lamp stands, garden lanterns, and so forth, besides shoji.
Japanese: 美濃紋書院紙では、鹿子(かのこ)・紗綾形・菊唐(から)草・七宝・亀甲(きっこう)などの美しい紋様が漉き込まれ、障子以外にも行灯や灯籠などにも用いられた。
English: Rakusuishi (paper decorated with patterns by being sprayed with mist before becoming completely dry) (also known as bikoshi), which has been produced in Mino City recently, includes mon-shoin-shi-like type decorated with patterns.
Japanese: 近年美濃市でつくっている落水紙（美光紙ともいう）には、紋様を入れた紋書院紙風のものもある。
English: Montengujo was originally made by block-printing mulberry paper, instead of watermarking the same, with whitewash, etc, but thereafter came to be made by stencil printing.
Japanese: これは極薄の天具(てんぐ)帖紙に透かし紋様ではなく、胡粉(ごふん)の具などで木版摺(す)りしたもので、のちに型染めで捺染するようになった。
English: Montengujo also allows the passage of light and thereby causes the beautiful patterns to appear, which delights the eye, and therefore has been used for garden lanterns, etc.
Japanese: やはり光を透かして美しい紋様を浮かび上がらせて楽しむもので、灯籠などに用いられた。
English: "Kyo-yasai" is a general term for varieties of vegetables that were created by selective breeding a long time ago and have been produced in a traditional manner mainly in regions in Kyoto Prefecture, generally referring to 43 varieties of vegetables in total that fall under 'Kyo no Dento Yasai' (41 varieties certified by Kyoto Prefectural Government to continue to be produced in the traditional manner) and/or 'Brand Kyo-Yasai' (21 varieties certified o have reliable quality and to be produced at such an adequate and stable volume to enable distribution to the marketplace).
Japanese: 京野菜（きょうやさい）とは、主に京都府地方で古くから品種改良が施されて誕生し、伝統的に生産され続けている野菜の品種群のことで、一般的に京の伝統野菜41品目とブランド京野菜21品目をさし、重複品目を含めた総品目は、43品目である。
English: In Kyoto, which has been flourishing as a cultural center from ancient times, it was difficult to procure seafood because of its inland location, specifically, its remoteness from the sea, and therefore vegetarian cuisine was developed at many Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, which led to the continuous cultivation of flavorful vegetables in Kyoto.
Japanese: 昔から文化の中心として栄えていた京都は、地理的に海から遠いことから魚介類の入手が難しく、その代わりとして多くの寺社による精進料理が発達したため、味わい深い野菜が地元で育成され続けた。
English: However, farmers gradually became unwilling to produce those vegetables because it took a lot of work to cultivate and harvest them, which resulted in the extermination of some of the varieties.
Japanese: しかし栽培や収穫に手間がかかることから次第に農家が敬遠したため、ついには一部の品種を絶滅させてしまった。
English: This triggered the designation of 34 varieties of such vegetables as 'Kyo no Dento Yasai' in 1987 by the Kyoto Prefectural Government.
Japanese: このことから1987年に京都府が34種を「京の伝統野菜」として選定した。
English: The criterion for selection is whether or not a prospective variety has been produced since the Meiji period or earlier in Kyoto Prefecture, and several varieties were additionally designated.
Japanese: その選定基準は明治以前から京都府内で生産されていた品種としており、その後も数品種が追加選定をされている。
English: Kyo-yasai has not undergone selective breeding aimed mainly at better appearance or convenience for wide-area distribution, which is the reason why many varieties are queerly-shaped; however, many of these varieties are more nutritious than ordinary vegetables.
Japanese: 京野菜は、外見や広域流通の便を主眼とする、現代市場向け商品としての品種改良をされていないため、外見では変わった形のものが多いが、栄養面では一般的な野菜を上回るものが多い。
English: Naturally, Kyo-yasai is used for Japanese cuisine; moreover, it is often used for French and Italian cuisine.
Japanese: 日本料理には当然使われるが、フランス料理、イタリア料理でも多く使われている。
English: Vegetable varieties locally produced are not limited to Kyo-yasai but include Naniwa-yasai, Yamato-yasai, and Kaga-yasai, which are cultivated in Osaka, Nara, and Ishikawa.
Japanese: このような郷土色の濃い野菜には、大阪のなにわ野菜、奈良の大和野菜、石川の加賀野菜などがある。
English: Green vegetable varieties: sugukina, mizuna, mibuna, hatakena, uguisuna, hanana*
Japanese: 葉野菜-酸茎菜（スグキナ）・水菜（ミズナ）・壬生菜（ミブナ）・畑菜・鶯菜・花菜※
English: Other vegetable varieties: shishigadani-nankin (pumpkin), kyo-myoga (Japanese ginger), kyo-seri (Japanese parsley), kyo-udo (udo), junsai (water shield), kujo-negi (leek), hiragino-sasage (cow-peas), katsura-uri (gourd), kyo-takenoko (a variety of bamboo shoots specifically selected from among ordinary varieties)
Japanese: その他-鹿ヶ谷南瓜（カボチャ）・京茗荷（ミョウガ）・京芹（セリ）・京独活（ウド）・ジュンサイ・九条葱（ネギ）・柊野ささげ（ササゲ）・桂瓜（ウリ）・京筍（タケノコ：タケノコは一般種だが特別選定）
English: Extinct varieties: kori-daikon (daikon), toji-kabu (turnip), shogoin-kyuri (cucumber)
Japanese: 絶滅品種-郡大根（ダイコン）・東寺蕪（カブ）・聖護院胡瓜（キュウリ）
English: In Kyoto, a Kyo-yasai Day falling upon the 15th day of every month was established to familiarize Kyo-yasai to many people, whether or not resident in Kyoto Prefecture, and efforts have been made to make such a day take root.
Japanese: 地元京都では、毎月15日を京野菜の日と定め、京都府内外の方々に親しんでいく日として定着させてきた。
English: Setsugetsuka (or pronounced as Yuki Tsuki Hana (Snow, the Moon and Flowers)), is a word from the phrase, 'Setsugetsuka no toki mottomo kimi wo omou (I remember you especially when snow, the moon or flowers are beautiful)' in an old Chinese poem, 'In Kyoritsu ni yosu (A poem sent to In Kyoritsu)' composed by Juyi BAI.
Japanese: 雪月花（せつげつか、ゆきつきはなとも）は、白居易の漢詩「寄殷協律」の一句「雪月花時最憶君」による語。
English: In Japan, the word 'setsugetsuka' became very popular, and has been used by itself, having acquired some new meanings as shown below.
Japanese: 日本においてはこの語句が格別に愛好され、以下に述べる含みを持つ語として使われるようになった。
English: When he was in Jiangnan, Juyi BAI had a subordinate, In Kyoritsu; later when Juyi BAI moved to Changan, he sent the above poem to In.
Japanese: 殷協律は白居易が江南にいたときの部下であり、長安からこの詩を贈ったものである。
English: The original meaning of the phrase 'time of setsugetsuka' in the poem was the time when snow, the moon, or flowers are beautiful, that is, different seasons of a year.
Japanese: 「雪月花の時」は、この詩においては、それぞれの景物の美しいとき、すなわち四季折々を指す語であった。