nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After the war, the restriction was abolished and translations by Fumiko ENCHI, Seiko TANABE, Jakucho SETOUCHI and so on were published.
Japanese: 戦後はその制限もなくなり、円地文子、田辺聖子、瀬戸内寂聴などの訳本が出版されている。
English: In addition to translations true to the original text, various freely translated novels making radical interpretations were written, as represented by "The Tale of Yohen Genji" by Osamu HASHIMOTO, and some have tried to turn it into a manga comic like "Asaki Yume mishi (Not Having a Dream)" by Waki YAMATO and "Maro," by Yoshihiro KOIZUMI.
Japanese: また、原典に忠実な翻訳以外に、橋本治の『窯変源氏物語』に見られる大胆な解釈を施した意訳小説や、大和和紀の漫画『あさきゆめみし』や小泉吉宏の漫画『まろ、ん』を代表とした漫画作品化などの試みもなされている。
English: Today, a similarity between "The Tale of Genji," games for adults with pure love stories, and harem cartoons has been jokingly pointed out, but in the Muromachi and Edo periods there already existed articles asserting that '"The Tale of Genji" was an obscene book, so people shouldn't let children read it.'
Japanese: 現代では冗談半分で、『源氏物語』と純愛もののアダルトゲームやハーレムアニメとのストーリーの類似性が指摘されることがあるが、「『源氏物語』は猥書であり、子供に読ませてはならない」という論旨の文章は、既に室町時代や江戸時代に存在している。
English: Marguerite YOURCENA wrote a short story as a sequel to "The Tale of Genji," based on her high assessment of humanity as displayed in the work.
Japanese: マルグリット・ユルスナールは、『源氏物語』の人間性の描写を高く評価し、短編の続編を書いた。
English: In 2008, various events called "The Millennium of 'The Tale of Genji'" were scheduled to be held, centering on Kyoto City.
Japanese: 2008年には、京都市などが中心となって、源氏物語千年紀と称して、各種のイベントが予定されている。
English: Among the commentaries on "The Tale of Genji," the ones made before the Meiji period are particularly called ancient commentaries.
Japanese: 『源氏物語』の注釈書の中でも特に明治時代以前までのものを古注釈と呼ぶ。
English: Generally speaking, the ones from "Genji-shaku Interpretation" to "Kakai-sho Commentary" are called 'ancient' commentaries, the ones from "Kachoyojo" to "Kogetsu-sho Commentary" are called 'old' commentaries, and the ones after that till the late Edo period are called 'new' commentaries.
Japanese: 一般には『源氏釈』から『河海抄』までのものを「古注」、『花鳥余情』から『湖月抄』までのものを「旧注」、それ以後江戸時代末までのものを「新注」と呼び分けている。
English: The early commentaries like "Genji-shaku" and "Okuiri Interpretation" were not originally independent but were added at the end of the manuscripts, and later they were gathered up into an independent book.
Japanese: 『源氏釈』や『奥入』といった初期の注釈書はもともとは独立した注釈書ではなく写本の本文の末尾に書き付けられていた注釈が、後になって独立した1冊の書物としてまとめられたものである。
English: Nihonkoki History Book is a collection of histories created by imperial command; it was compiled in the early Heian period after Shoku-Nihongi (Continuation of Chronicles of Japan), being the third volume of Rikkokushi (Six National Histories).
Japanese: 日本後紀（にほんこうき）は、平安時代初期に編纂された勅撰史書で、続日本紀に続く六国史の第三にあたる。
English: Completed in 840, it contains records of events that occurred over a period of 42 years, from 792 to 833.
Japanese: 承和(日本)7年(840年)に完成し、延暦11年(792年)から天長10年(833年)に至る42年間を記す。
English: According to the preface, in 819 Emperor Saga ordered FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu, FUJIWARA no Otsugu, FUJIWARA no Sadatsugu and YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo to compile the history book.
Japanese: 序文によれば、弘仁10年(819年)、嵯峨天皇が、藤原冬嗣、藤原緒嗣、藤原貞嗣、良岑安世に勅して編纂を命じた。
English: Because all of them except Otsugu died before the work could be completed, Emperor Junna ordered KIYOHARA no Natsuno, Naoyo-o, FUJIWARA no Yoshino, ONO no Minemori, SAKANOUE no Imatsugu and SHIMADA no Kiyota to continue the project.
Japanese: 未了のまま緒嗣を除く三人が死んだため、後に淳和天皇が詔して清原夏野、直世王、藤原吉野、小野岑守、坂上今継、島田清田に続行を命じた。
English: During the reign of Emperor Ninmyo, more people such as FUJIWARA no Otsugu, MINAMOTO no Tokiwa, FUJIWARA no Yoshino, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and ASANO no Katori were called to carry out the work.
Japanese: 仁明天皇の代になってさらに詔して藤原緒嗣、源常、藤原吉野、藤原良房、朝野鹿取に遂行を命じた。
English: Subsequently, FURU no Takaniwa and YAMATA no Furutsugu joined the compilation, and at last the book was completed on January 5, 841.
Japanese: さらに後、布瑠高庭と山田古嗣を加え、承和7年12月9日（841年1月5日）にようやく完成を報告した。
English: It took 21 years to compile the book, but only FUJIWARA no Otsugu had been involved in the whole project over the three generations of emperors.
Japanese: 編纂までにかかった期間は21年間、三代の天皇にわたる事業にずっと携わったのは、藤原緒嗣一人であった。
English: Following "Shoku-Nihongi," the book contains records of the reigns of emperors Kanmu, Heizei, Saga and Junna.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』の後をうけて、桓武天皇の治世の途中から、平城天皇、嵯峨天皇、淳和天皇の治世を記す。
English: Until about the early fifteenth century, all 40 volumes of Nihonkoki History Book were in existence, but eventually certain volumes were dispersed and lost; however, Yukinori INAYAMA, one of the disciples of Hokinoichi HANAWA, found 10 volumes of the manuscript at the residence of the Sanjonishi family and published them for the first time (There is an opposing view that the published volumes were based on Norimitsu/Motomitsu YANAGIHARA's recension.).
Japanese: 15世紀初め頃までは40巻揃っていたが、その後散逸し、塙保己一の門人、稲山行教が10巻分の写本を三条西家で発見（異説として柳原紀光の校訂本説もある）し、初めて刊行された。
English: The 10 existing volumes are numbers 5, 8, 12, 13 (Kanmu), 14, 17 (Heizei), 20, 21, 22 and 24 (Saga); all the volumes about Emperor Junna are missing.
Japanese: 現存分は巻5・8・12・13（桓武）、14・17（平城）、20・21・22・24（嵯峨）の10巻で、淳和天皇の代はまったく欠けてしまっている。
English: It is to some extent possible to restore the text by gathering quotations from "Nihongi ryaku (The Abbreviated History of Japan)," extracts from Rikkokushi and "Ruiju kokushi (History Book)," a categorized Rikkokushi.
Japanese: 六国史等の抜粋版である『日本紀略』と、六国史の項目分類である『類聚国史』の引用から本文をある程度復元できる。
English: "Nihon isshi History Book" and "Unknown or Lost Writings of the Nihonkoki History Book" are the collections of the lost texts of Nihonkoki History Book, and with them as a basis the following books were published: "Japanese Historical Records Commentary," from Shueisha Inc., and "Academic Paperback Library," from Kodansha Ltd.
Japanese: 各所の逸文を収集したものに『日本逸史』『日本後紀逸文』があり、これを踏まえて、下記の集英社訳注日本史料や講談社学術文庫が出版されている。
English: As was the case with "Shoku-Nihongi," short biographies called koden were added to the obituaries of the emperors and retainers of the Imperial Court, which was the same approach seen in the subsequent history books.
Japanese: 天皇・廷臣の死亡記事に短い伝記（薨伝）を付けたことは『続日本紀』にならい、後続の史書と同じである。
English: However, the koden in this book was neither mere praise nor criticism, but was instead full of interesting descriptions interwoven with unique comments and impressions, and because of its critical spirit the book was unusual among Rikkokushi.
Japanese: しかし本書の薨伝は一方的・公式的な礼賛や非難に流れず、独特の批評や感想を交えた興味深い記述が多く、六国史の中では批判精神を堅持したものとして異色である。
English: Also, it is known that compared with the volumes compiled before and after the book, it contained more Waka/Yamatouta poems than the other volumes of Rikkokushi.
Japanese: また六国史の中では前後の史書に比べ和歌を多く収録していたことが知られる。
English: Sei Shonagon (966? - 1025?) was a female writer and poet in the Heian period.
Japanese: 清少納言（せいしょうなごん、康保三年頃（966年？）-万寿二年頃（1025年？））は平安時代の女流作家、歌人。
English: She was born when her father KIYOHARA no Motosuke (908 - 990), a noted waka poet and one of the 'Nashitsubo no Gonin (editors of the Gosenshu),' was in his later years.
Japanese: 「梨壺の五人」の一にして著名歌人であった清原元輔（908年-990年）の晩年の娘。
English: Tradition has it that her mother was 'Higaki no Ona,' whose poem was in "Gosenwakashu (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry)," but this is utter nonsense.
Japanese: 母を『後撰和歌集』に見える「檜垣嫗（ひがきのおうな）」とする古伝があるが、荒唐無稽の説に過ぎない。
English: Her great-grandfather (or grandfather) was KIYOHARA no Fukayabu, a leading poet in Kokinwakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry).
Japanese: 曽祖父（祖父とする説もある）は古今和歌集の代表的歌人である清原深養父である。
English: She had brothers called Utanokami Tamenari, Dazai no Shokan (Dazaifu's post) Munenobu, and Kazanin Denjohoshi (palace priest of Kazanin) Kaishu, and she also had a sister who was to be a wife of FUJIWARA no Masato (the brother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's mother).
Japanese: 兄弟姉妹に、雅楽頭為成・太宰少監致信・花山院殿上法師戒秀、および藤原理能（藤原道綱母の兄弟）室となった女性がいる。
English: It is said that 'Sei Shonagon' denotes her as a lady of the court and that 'Sei' refers to her family name of KIYOHARA, while 'Shonagon' is the name of her relative's bureaucratic post.
Japanese: 「清少納言」は女房名で、「清」は清原の姓から、「少納言」は親族の役職名から採ったとされている。
English: Her real name is unknown, but 'Nagiko' seems to have been her name ("Makura no Soshisho"), although it is not certain.
Japanese: 実名は不明、「諾子（なぎこ）」という説（『枕草子抄』）もあるが信ずるに足りない。
English: She was one of the medieval 36 Immortal Poets, and her 42 poems were collected in "Collection of Sei Shonagon" (the number of collected poems depends on the ihon (alternative version) (for example, the rufubon (type of manuscript) contains 31 poems).
Japanese: 中古三十六歌仙の一人に数えられ、42首の小柄な家集『清少納言集』（歌数は異本による。流布本では31首）が伝わる。
English: In 974, when her father was appointed Governor of Suo Province, she accompanied him and spent four years in the 'countryside' (the description of a sea trip in "The Pillow Book" is so realistic that it can't be a figment of her imagination, so she seems to have traveled to the west by sea).
Japanese: 天延2年（974年）、父の周防国守赴任に際し同行、4年の歳月を「鄙」にて過ごす（『枕草子』における船旅の描写は、単なる想像とは認めがたい迫真性があり、あるいは作者は水路を伝って西下したか）。
English: In 981, she married TACHIBANA no Norimitsu (965 - 1028), the Governor of Mutsu Province, and a year later she bore him a child, TACHIBANA no Norinaga (982 - 1034); however, she couldn't get along with her rough husband, and before long she divorced him.
Japanese: 天元(日本)4年（981年）頃、陸奥国守・橘則光（965年-1028年以後）と結婚し、翌年一子橘則長（982年-1034年）を生むも、武骨な夫と反りが合わず、やがて離婚した。
English: However, they didn't seem to be separated completely, and tradition has it that they maintained contact with each other until 998; the people of the Imperial Court characterized their relationship as being one of "brother and sister."
Japanese: 但し、則光との交流はここで断絶した訳ではなく一説では長徳4年（998年）まで交流があり、妹（いもうと）背（せうと）の仲で宮中公認だったという。
English: Later, she married FUJIWARA no Muneyo, the Governor of Settsu Province, and bore him a daughter, Kouma no Myobu (wife), Jotomonin ("Japanese Various Family Trees").
Japanese: 後、摂津国守・藤原棟世と再婚し娘上東門院小馬命婦をもうけた（『尊卑分脈』）。
English: Around the winter of 993, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo, she began to serve FUJIWARA no Teishi/Sadako as a court lady.
Japanese: 一条天皇の時代、正暦4年（993年）冬頃から、私的な女房として藤原定子に仕えた。
English: Because she was very learned and talented, she received her majesty Teishi's favor and succeeded wonderfully in exchanging poems and witty words with nobles and court peoples, winning fame in imperial society.
Japanese: 博学で才気煥発な彼女は、主君定子の恩寵を被ったばかりでなく、公卿や殿上人との贈答や機知を賭けた応酬をうまく交わし、宮廷社会に令名を残した。
English: Some materials indicate her friendships with FUJIWARA no Sanekata (? - 998), FUJIWARA no Tadanobu (967 - 1035), FUJIWARA no Yukinari/Koze (972 - 1027), MINAMOTO no Nobukata (? - 998) and MINAMOTO no Tsunefusa (969 - 1023).
Japanese: 藤原実方（？-998年）、藤原斉信（967年-1035年）、藤原行成（972年-1027年）、源宣方（？-998年）、源経房（969年-1023年）との親交が諸資料から窺える。
English: It is her major work "The Pillow Book" that has made the name Sei Shonagon famous into the present day.
Japanese: 清少納言の名が今日まで普く知られているのは、彼女の主要な作品『枕草子』によってである。
English: In "The Pillow Book," she wrote about everything of interest to her during her life in the Imperial Court of the Heian period, and it includes 'Monowazukushi' (listing items like Utamakura (a place famed in poetry)), excellent poems, observations on daily life, comments on people, and reminiscences, so it also seems to be a record, etc.
Japanese: 『枕草子』には、「ものはづくし」（歌枕などの類聚）、詩歌秀句、日常の観察、個人のことや人々の噂、記録の性質を持つ回想など、彼女が平安の宮廷ですごした間に興味を持ったものすべてがまとめられている。
English: The rivalry between Sei Shonagon and her contemporary writer Murasaki Shikibu, who wrote "The Tale of Genji," has been widely discussed in later generations.
Japanese: 清少納言と、同時代の『源氏物語』の作者・紫式部とのライバル関係は、後世盛んに喧伝された。
English: However, it was long after Sei Shonagon left the Imperial Court that Murasaki Shikibu began to serve Empress Shoshi, so they couldn't have known each other (but Dr. Bunei TSUNODA advocated a different opinion in his thesis 'Sei Shonagon: Her Later Years,' and he pointed to the possibility that she might have continued her service at the Imperial Court after Teishi passed away, with reference to the word 'Shonagon Myobu' of Ichinomiya Atsuyasu Imperial Prince in "Gonki" (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's Diary).
Japanese: しかし、紫式部が中宮彰子に伺候したのは清少納言が宮仕えを退いてからはるか後のことで、二人は一面識さえないはずである（もっとも、角田文衞博士は論文「晩年の清少納言」で異説を提唱し、『権記』に見える一宮敦康親王の「少納言命婦」を手掛かりに、清少納言が定子死後もその所生の皇子女に引き続き仕えた可能性を指摘した）。
English: Murasaki Shikibu denounced Sei Shonagon in "Murasaki Shikibu Diary" ("Murasaki Diary") as if she absolutely denied Sei Shonagon's personality and achievement, but Sei Shonagon never wrote about Murasaki Shikibu in "The Pillow Book," which suggests that the view mentioned above is correct.
Japanese: 紫式部が『紫式部日記』（『紫日記』）で清少納言の人格と業績を全否定するかの如き筆誅を加えているのに対し、清少納言が『枕草子』で紫式部評を残していない一方的な関係からもこの見方は支持される。
English: However, some suppositions exist that, feeling threatened by her, she wrote the following anecdote in "The Pillow Book": FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, Murasaki Shikibu's late husband, went to Mitake dressing gaudily; or Sei Shonagon talked down about her cousin, FUJIWARA no Nobutsune.
Japanese: もっとも、『枕草子』には紫式部の亡夫・藤原宣孝が派手な衣装で御嵩詣を行った逸話や従兄弟・藤原信経を清少納言がやり込めた話が記されており、こうした記述は紫式部の才能を脅威に感じて記したものであるという説も存在する。
English: In 1000, soon after Empress Teishi passed away in childbirth, Sei Shonagon abandoned her service at the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 長保2年（1000年）に中宮定子が出産時に亡くなってまもなく、清少納言は宮仕えを辞めた。
English: The details of her subsequent life are unknown, but according to fragmentary materials (such as collections of poetry) she seems to have married FUJIWARA no Muneyo and gone to his place of assignment at Settsu Province, and there is a record in the book of "Ihon Sei Shonagon Shu" that Nobutsune, Kurodo (staff of Kurodo Dokoro), visited Settsu as a messenger of the Dairi (Imperial Palace).
Japanese: その後の彼女の人生の詳細は不明だが、家集など断片的な資料から、一旦再婚相手・藤原棟世の任国摂津に下ったと思われ、『異本清少納言集』には内裏の使いとして蔵人信隆が摂津に来たという記録がある。
English: It is said that in her later years she lived around Higashiyama Tsukinowa, where her deceased father Motosuke's mountain villa was located, and that she kept in touch with old friends in the Imperial Court such as FUJIWARA no Kinto and the court ladies who had served the Empress FUJIWARA no Shoshi, such as Izumi Shikibu and Akazome-emon.
Japanese: 晩年は亡父元輔の山荘があった東山月輪の辺りに住み、藤原公任ら宮廷の旧識や和泉式部・赤染衛門ら中宮藤原彰子付の女房とも消息を交わしていたらしい。
English: She put her heart into writing "The Pillow Book" around 996, and the final manuscript seems to have been completed between 1001 and 1010.
Japanese: 『枕草子』は長徳2年（996年）頃から本格的に書かれ、最終稿は長保3年（1001年）から寛弘7年（1010年）の間に完成したと考えられている。
English: In addition to the severe criticism made by Murasaki Shikibu, the influence of medieval thought that the talented woman became unhappy was such that many anecdotes of Sei Shonagon's reduced circumstances were written in "Mumyozoshi" (Story Without a Name), "Kojidan" (Collection of Folk Literature), "Kokon Chomonju" (Collection of Folk Literature), etc., during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 紫式部の酷評に加え、女の才はかえって不幸を招くという中世的な思想が影響し、鎌倉時代に書かれた『無名草子』『古事談』『古今著聞集』などには清少納言の落魄説話が満載された。
English: "Kojidan" contains a gloomy story that she had turned into a monk called 'ogre-like priest,' and when her older brother KIYOHARA no Munenobu was defeated by MINAMOTO no Yorichika she was about to get involved in the incident, so she showed her pubic region in order to prove she was a woman.
Japanese: 『古事談』には、「鬼形之法師」と形容される出家の姿となり、兄・清原致信が源頼親に討たれた際、巻き添えにされそうになって陰部を示し女性であることを証明したという陰惨な話がある。
English: "Matsushima Diary," a travelogue that seems to have been completed in the middle of the Kamakura period, was once believed to have been written by Sei Shonagon, but it was concluded to be a forged book by Norinaga MOTOORI and others of the Edo period.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代中期頃に成立したと見られる『松島日記』と題する紀行文が清少納言の著書であると信じられた時代もあったが、江戸時代には本居宣長らによって偽書と判断されている。
English: Sakata, Satoura-machi, Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture - She washed ashore in the figure of Bikuni (Buddhist priestess), and then gouged out her pubic region so as not to be assaulted, and then disappeared, so people erected a stone monument called Amazuka for the repose of her soul.
Japanese: 徳島県鳴門市里浦町坂田-比丘尼の姿で阿波里浦に漂着し、その後辱めをうけんとし自らの陰部をえぐり投げつけ姿を消し、尼塚という供養塔を建てたという。
English: Daimon of Kotohira-jinja Shrine, Kotohira, Kagawa Prefecture - There is Kiyozuka (omen in the dream monument of Sei Shonagon) on which Sei Shonagon inscribed the place of her death.
Japanese: 香川県琴平金刀比羅神社大門-清塚という清少納言が夢に死亡地を示した「清少納言夢告げの碑」がある。
English: Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City - A monument inscribed with Sei Shonagon's famous poem collected in Hyakunin Isshu: 'Even if you are going to cheat by emulating a crow fowl late at night, you wouldn't be allowed to pass Ose's checkpoint (you wouldn't be allowed to see me).'
Japanese: 京都市東山区-百人一首にも採られて有名な「夜をこめて鳥のそら音ははかるともよに逢坂の関はゆるさじ」の歌が刻まれた清少納言の歌碑。
English: Once there was a mountain villa of KIYOHARA no Motosuke here, and Sei Shonagon in her later years seems to have lived in seclusion, so in 1974 Bunei TSUNODA, who was then a director of the Heian Museum of Ancient History, suggested that a monument be erected.
Japanese: 嘗てここに清原元輔の山荘があり、晩年の清少納言が隠棲したと思われる所としては、昭和49年（1974年）、当時の平安博物館館長・角田文衞氏の発案によって歌碑が建立された。
English: "Ugetsu Monogatari" is a representative yomihon (book for reading) written by Akinari UEDA at the end of the Edo era.
Japanese: 『雨月物語』（うげつものがたり）は、上田秋成によって江戸時代後期に著わされた読本（よみほん）の代表作。
English: It is a representative work of Japanese literature in the early modern times, and often mentioned even today (See Adaptations).
Japanese: 近世日本文学の代表作で、現代でも引用されることが多い（→派生作品）。
English: Although there are some different conjectures, "Ugetsu Monogatari" was written from 1768 to 1776 (See How the book was published), and it was published in 1776 by Hanbei UMEMURA of Teramachi-dori Street, Kyoto and Chobei NOMURA of Osaka Koraibashi-suji (street).
Japanese: 『雨月物語』は、諸説あるが、明和5年から安永5年の間にかかれ（→出版経緯）、安永5年4月（1776年）に、京都寺町通の梅村判兵衛と大阪高麗橋筋の野村長兵衛の合同で出版された。
English: The illustrations were drawn by Munenobu KATSURA, who also drew illustrations for "Shigeshige Yawa" by Teisho TSUGA, which had great influence on "Ugetsu Monogatari."
Japanese: 挿絵は、当作品へ大いに影響を与えた都賀庭鐘『繁野話』と同じ、桂宗信が担当した。
English: "Ugetsu Monogatari" was published under the name of 'Senshi Kijin (strange man cutting branches),' and after his death it came to be revealed that the author would have been Akinari UEDA.
Japanese: 『雨月物語』は「剪枝畸人」名義で刊行され、作者は上田秋成であろう、と分かってきたのは、彼の死後のことである。
English: Also, the book sold in numbers that were only moderate at that time, so it is conjectured that, unlike today, it wasn't necessarily popular or highly evaluated.
Japanese: また、当時の売行きは極普通のものであり、今のように、人気、評価に不動の地位を確立していた、というわけではないことが推測されている。
English: In literary history, "Ugetsu Monogatari" is considered to be an early yomihon like "The Tales of Nishiyama," written by Ayatari TAKEBE, between the periods of the Genroku and Kasei cultures or the Anei and Temmei cultural periods during which ukiyozoshi was becoming obsolete.
Japanese: 文学史上の位置づけとしては、『雨月物語』は建部綾足の『西山物語』などと同じ、元禄文化と化政文化の間、安永・天明文化期の、流行が浮世草子から転換しつつあった初期読本にあたる。
English: It should be noted that Akinari brought his work to a higher state than the original, adapting classics of the day such as by using a poetic device of Honkadori in composing waka poems; he wrote in an elegant style, interweaving Japanese writing, mixing Japanese elements and his original parts, adding his thoughts.
Japanese: 秋成は丁度和歌における本歌取りの技法のように、当時でも古典であったものを踏まえつつ、和文調を交えた流麗な文を編み、日本の要素や独自の部分を混ぜ、思想を加えるなど、原話を超えたものに仕上げていることに注目すべきだろう。
English: The stories were arranged in the following order, and Mamoru TAKADA advocated a theory that the order of the story reflected the author's deep thinking.
Japanese: 各篇の並び順は以下の通りだが、これは深い考えのあってのものだ、という説を、高田衛は提唱している。
English: In short, some elements of the previous story were linked with the contents of the next story, which formed a circular structure.
Japanese: つまり、前の作品の一部要素が、次の作品の内容と結びついていて、円環をなしている、ということである。
English: Shiramine - When Saigyo visits Sanuki Province and pays reverence at Shiramine no Misasagi, as a layman visiting the imperial mausoleum of Emperor Sutoku, he meets a departed spirit of the Emperor and argues with him.
Japanese: 白峯（しらみね）-西行が讃岐国にある在俗時代の主崇徳天皇の陵墓、白峯陵に参拝したおり、崇徳上皇の亡霊と対面し、論争する。
English: The Chrysanthemum Vow - A man who has killed himself becomes a ghost and appears to keep a promise with his best friend on the night of the agreed day.
Japanese: 菊花の約（きくくわのちぎり）-親友との再会の約束を守るため、約束の日の夜、自刃した男が幽霊となって現れる。
English: The Reed-Choked House - During an age of confusion, a man who has separated from his wife and left for Kyo to try to make his fortune is to meet his wife, who becomes a ghost, after seven years.
Japanese: 浅茅が宿（あさぢがやど）-戦乱の世、一旗あげるため妻と別れて故郷を立ち京に行った男が、七年後に幽霊となった妻と再会する。
English: The Carp of My Dreams - A monk who is in a coma turns into a carp and swims around in his dream.
Japanese: 夢応の鯉魚（むおうのりぎよ）-昏睡状態にある僧侶が夢の中で鯉になって泳ぎまわる。
English: The Owl of the Three Jewels - A traveling parent and child see a feast held by Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and his retainers, who are vengeful ghosts, and have scary experiences at Mt. Koya.
Japanese: 仏法僧（ぶつぽうそう）-旅の親子が、高野山で、怨霊となった豊臣秀次の一行の宴に会い、怖い思いをする。
English: The Kibitsu Cauldron - A woman whose lecherous husband betrays her and has an affair with another woman curses and kills him.
Japanese: 吉備津の釜（きびつのかま）-色好みの夫に浮気され、裏切られた妻が、夫を祟り殺す。
English: A Serpent's Lust - A man is stalked by a woman who is an incarnation of a serpent, but she is at last destroyed by a monk of the Dojo-ji Temple.
Japanese: 蛇性の婬（じやせいのいん）-男が蛇の化身である女につきまとわれるが、最後は道成寺の僧侶に退治される。
English: The Blue Hood - A traveling monk, Myokei Kaian, leads an abbot to deliverance, who has been attracted by a servant boy and turned into an ogre.
Japanese: 青頭巾（あをづきん）-稚児に迷い鬼と化した僧侶を、旅の僧である妙慶快庵が解脱へと導く。
English: On Poverty and Wealth - Sanai OKANO is a samurai who loves money; the spirit of gold appears at his bedside taking the form of an old dwarf, and talks about the relationship between money and the person who spends it.
Japanese: 貧福論（ひんぷくろん）-金を大事にする武士、岡野左内の寝床に金銭の精が小人の翁となって現れ、金とそれを使う主人との関係を説く。
English: Akinari UEDA wrote his first work of fiction, "Shodo kikimimi sekenzaru" (A Worldly Monkey Who Hears About Everything) in 1766, and then wrote the ukiyo zoshi (popular stories of everyday life in the Edo period) "Seken tekake katagi (Characters of Worldly Mistresses)" in 1767.
Japanese: 上田秋成は、明和3年（1766年）、処女作である『諸道聴耳世間猿』（『諸道聴耳世間狙』）を、明和4年に、浮世草子の『世間妾形気』を書いた。
English: In the preface of "Ugetsu Monogatari" there is a description '明和戊子晩春,' which indicates that "Tales of Moonlight and Rain" was completed in the late spring of 1768.
Japanese: そして、『雨月物語』の序をみるとそこには、「明和戊子晩春」、つまり明和5年晩春に『雨月物語』の執筆が終っていることになる。
English: However, "Ugetsu Monogatari" was actually published in 1776, eight years after its completion.
Japanese: しかし実際に『雨月物語』が刊行されたのは、その8年後の安永5年（1776年）のことであった。
English: In other words, there are questions about whether "Ugetsu Monogatari" was really finished in 1768 as the preface said, and what is meant by the long period of eight years before its publication.
Japanese: つまり、『雨月物語』は本当に序にあるように明和5年に成立したのだろうか、刊行までの8年という長い間には、どういう意味があるのだろうか、というものである。
English: After a study conducted by Takeshi YAMAGUCHI, which was followed by Tomoki SHIGE and Yukihiko NAKAMURA, it was generally considered that the work was roughly complete as a manuscript in 1768, and that the author spent the following eight years working on the choice of diction.
Japanese: 山口剛の研究以来、重友毅、中村幸彦と、明和5年を一応の脱稿、それからの8年間は、『雨月物語』の推敲に費やされた、という見方が強かった。
English: And an announcement of forthcoming titles at the end of "Tekake" shows two works of "Tidings from a Cargo Ship in Various Provinces" and "Saigyo Stories: Poetic Sites Bundled in a Dyed Cloth," and Akinari seems to have intended to write Ukiyo zoshi, which supported the conjecture.
Japanese: そして『妾』の末尾の近刊予告を見ると、『諸国廻船便』と『西行はなし歌枕染風呂敷』の二作品が並べられており、まだ秋成に浮世草子を書く気、予定があったことが見えることも、この論を裏付けている。
English: However, Mamoru TAKADA pointed out that there was a tendency to look down on Ukiyo zoshi in those days if the conjecture was put the other way around.
Japanese: しかし、この説の裏側には、当時浮世草子が軽く見られる風潮があったことを、高田衛などは指摘している。
English: He also advocated his theory that the stories were written roughly in the order stated in the preface.
Japanese: そして、大体の成立は序の通りでよいのではないか、という説を提唱している。
English: In short, these two Ukiyo zoshi works, "Sekenzaru" and "Tekake katagi," and the Yomihon "Tales of Moonlight and Rain" were series.
Japanese: つまり、『世間猿』と『妾形気』の浮世草子二作品と、『雨月物語』という読本作品は連続したもの、という考えである。
English: Also, 'A Serpent's Lust' in Book 4 was known for its inconsistency in counting the number of days, but Yasuhiro OWA refuted this.
Japanese: また、巻之四「蛇性の婬」には内容に、日付の日数の計算の合わないことが知られていたが、これに対しての大輪靖宏の指摘がある。