nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Despite the fact that once people have gotten the knack of creating renku they often become fascinated with the improvisation and the pleasant creative stress it requires, several people have to gather together in order to create renku, and the compositional rules are more complicated than those for writing haiku; these and other factors seem to prevent very many people from joining the ranks of renku creators.
Japanese: 一度コツを掴めば、その即興性や緊張感から、連句の面白さの虜となり得るが、複数人が集まって座を形成しなければならないことや、俳句に比べてルールが複雑なこと等からくる敷居の高さが連句人口の増加を妨げていると推測される。
English: Moreover, quite a few haiku poets believe that "composing renku will make my haiku worse," which is also thought to contribute to renku's relative unpopularity (in a haiku, the poet can express his or her own little complete world, whereas in renku--which are sequences of linked verses, after all--each poet must leave conceptual space for additional thoughts to be added on, and thus cannot express any notion of completeness in any one verse; this is thought to be why many haiku poets look down on renku).
Japanese: また俳人の中には『連句をやると俳句が下手になる』と考えている人も少なからずいるのも原因の一つとも考えられる（一句の中に小宇宙を込める俳句に対して、連句は複数の句のつらなりであるが故に、次の句へのつなぎの余地を作るために、あえて一句の中に全てをこめない作り方をする、という特性から、そのように言われるものと推測される）。
English: "Sarashina Nikki" or "Sarashina no Nikki" (As I crossed a bridge of dreams) is a diary written by the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue in around the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 『更級日記』（さらしなにっき、さらしなのにき）は、菅原孝標女によって平安時代中ごろに書かれた日記。
English: It is a memoir covering approximately forty years from 1020, when the author was thirteen, to 1059, she was around 52-years-old.
Japanese: 作者13歳の寛仁4年（1020年）から、52歳頃の康平2年（1059年）までの約40年間の回想録。
English: Although it is counted among diary literature, in the actual form when produced it is considered to have been written at one time.
Japanese: 日記文学に列なるものの、製作形態としてはまとめて書かれたものであろうとされる。
English: The author starts the diary from her return to Heiankyo (the present-day Kyoto city) between September and October in 1020 with her father, who had been appointed as an officer at a kokufu in Kazusa Province (the present Chiba Prefecture) in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region).
Japanese: 東国・上総国（現在の千葉県）の国府に任官していた父とともに寛仁4年9月平安京（現在の京都市）へ帰国するところから起筆。
English: She describes her young girlhood when she had been absorbed in reading the Tale of Genji and her yearning for the world of that story, and the grim reality that she faced by the repeated deaths of her family and people close to her.
Japanese: 源氏物語を読みふけり、物語世界への憧憬に過ごした少女時代、度重なる身内の死去によって見た厳しい現実。
English: Using a clear and simple style, she describes her inclination to Buddhism that grew deeper and deeper due to her loneliness after her children became independent in addition to the above episodes.
Japanese: などを経て、子供たちが巣立った後の孤独の中で次第に深まった仏教への傾斜までが平明な文体で描かれている。
English: The title 'Sarashina' comes from the poem in the "Kokin wakashu" (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems), 'Seeing the moon over Mt. Ubasute at the village of Sarashina, I feel disconsolate thinking how far I have traveled.'
Japanese: 書名の「更級」は、『古今和歌集』の一首「わが心慰めかねつ更級や姨捨山に照る月を見て」に由来する。
English: On the contrary, in Ichihara City in Chiba Prefecture, there is a ' Sarashina street' named after the "Sarashina Nikki."
Japanese: 逆に『更級日記』にちなんだものとして、千葉県市原市に「更級通り」がある。
English: All of the existing manuscripts of the "Sarashina Nikki" are in the line of the Gyobutsubon manuscript (The Imperial Book, the property of the Imperial Household), in the hand of FUJIWARA no Sadaie.
Japanese: 『更級日記』の現存する写本は全て藤原定家が書写した御物本の系統である。
English: The text, which has as many as seven pages out of order due to an error in binding, and had been considered difficult to understand since the old days, was revised and edited by Nobutsuna SASAKI and Kosuke TAMAI in 1924.
Japanese: 7か所に及ぶ錯簡を抱えて古来難解とされて来た本文も、大正13年（1924年）、佐佐木信綱・玉井幸助によって訂正・整理された。
English: It is a record of public and private matters by Kanezane, who was in the position of Kanpaku in the era of great transition from the Imperial Court to samurai government.
Japanese: 朝廷から武家政治への激動期に際して関白の職にあった兼実の公私にわたる記録である。
English: Descriptions cover a period from 1164 to 1200.
Japanese: 記述は1164年（長寛2年）から1200年（正治2年）に及んでいる。
English: Diaries of court nobles had a purpose to pass down traditional practices of court functions, etc. to future generations and, therefore, procedures of ceremonies are described in detail.
Japanese: 公家の日記は、宮中行事のしきたりなどを後に伝える目的があり、儀式の次第が詳細に記されている。
English: Also, it contains many descriptions of the Jisho-Juei War in that period, and it became a basic historical material of the era, from the end of Heian period to the beginning of Kamakura period.
Japanese: また、当時の治承・寿永の乱についても多く記されており、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期の変動期についての基礎史料になっている。
English: As it was edited from the standpoint of the Hojo clan of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and is close to an official history, it is used along with and to complement "Gyokuyo," which was described as a diary of a person on the Royal Court side.
Japanese: これは鎌倉幕府の北条氏の立場で編纂された正史に近いものであるから、朝廷側の人間の日記として記述された『玉葉』と相補的に用いられることが多い。
English: After the death of Michiie KUJO, who was a grandson of Kanezane, the original was passed down in the Ichijo family, the manuscript copy was passed down in the Kujo family.
Japanese: 兼実の孫である九条道家没後、元本は一条家に、写本が九条家に伝来された。
English: Reportedly, although the name "Gyokuyo" was not used by the Nijo family, "Gyokukai" was used.
Japanese: また、二条家では『玉葉』という名称を用いずに『玉海』と呼称を用いたとされている。
English: "Ochikubo monogatari" (The Tale of Ochikubo) is a tale of Japan's middle ages, which reportedly originated around the end of the tenth century.
Japanese: 『落窪物語』（おちくぼものがたり）は、10世紀末頃に成立したとされる中古日本の物語である。
English: As it contains citations from Chinese classic books as well as explicit expressions and street jokes, it is supposed that the author was a low-class male court noble at that time.
Japanese: 漢籍の引用があり、露骨な表現や下卑た笑いもみられることから当時の男性下級貴族であろうと言われている。
English: MINAMOTO no Shitago, MINAMOTO no Sukekata, etc. have been named for candidates and there is a view that the volume four was added by Seishonagon.
Japanese: 源順、源相方などが候補に挙がっており、巻四は清少納言が書き加えたとする説まである。
English: The title, "Ochikubo," came from the name of the room in which the heroine, an unhappy himegimi (daughter of a person of high rank), was placed.
Japanese: 題名の「落窪」は、主人公の薄倖な姫君が置かれた部屋の名前に由来する。
English: It is a tale of ill-treatment of stepchild which has a structural outline similar to that of the story of Cinderella, in which the lovely Ochikubo no Himegimi was forced to live in a humble place on the corner of the main house where, as the title expresses, the tatami floor sank into a hole, and she was ill-treated by her stepmother.
Japanese: 美しい容貌を持つ主人公の落窪姫君が、その名の通り寝殿の隅にある、畳の落ち窪んだ陋屋に住まわされ、継母からのいじめにあうという、シンデレラとも似通った構図を持つ継子いじめ物語。
English: "Ochikubo monogatari" is a tale of from Japan's Middle Ages that precedes "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji) and is also mentioned in "Makura no Soshi" (the Pillow Book).
Japanese: 『落窪物語』は『源氏物語』に先立つ中古の物語で、『枕草子』にも言及がある。
English: Although its storyline is rather simple, drawing clear line between love and hate, it has been appreciated as a tale that represents realistically the society of nobles at that time, centering on ill-treatment of a stepchild.
Japanese: 恩讐のけじめをはっきりさせているやや単純な筋ながらも、継子いじめの筋を軸に、当時の貴族社会を写実的に描写した物語として評価されている。
English: However, she was in a sad and unhappy position because she was ill-treated by her stepmother and made to live in Ochikubonoma (literally, a room with a sunken, hollow floor).
Japanese: しかし、継母からは冷遇を受けて落窪の間に住まわされ、不幸な境遇にあった。
English: Michiyori took his revenge on the stepmother who ill-treated the himegimi, and the family lived happily under the protection of Michiyori.
Japanese: 道頼は姫君をいじめた継母に復讐を果たし、一家は道頼の庇護を得て幸福な生活を送るようになった。
English: As she had a princess for a mother, her status by birth was far higher than that of her stepmother or sisters-in-law, but she was ill-treated like a maidservant.
Japanese: 皇女を母に持つため、出自は継母や義姉妹たちより遥かに高いが、下女同然に冷遇されている。
English: He acted as instructed by Kita no Kata (his wife) and never treated or protected Ochikubo as his daughter.
Japanese: 北の方の言いなりになっており、落窪を自分の娘として扱ったり庇ったりすることも無い。
English: She ill-treated Ochikubo and tried in vain to make Yon no Kimi (fourth daughter) marry Ukon no Shosho.
Japanese: 落窪を虐待し、四の君を右近の少将に嫁がせようとするが、すべて失敗する。
English: Oigimi, Naka no Kimi, San no Kimi and Yon no Kimi: Daughters born between Chunagon and Kitanokata
Japanese: 大君（オオイギミ）、中の君、三の君、四の君：中納言と北の方の間に生まれた娘。
English: An aspect of arrangements for marriage at that time is described vividly as Akoki, who was a nyobo (court lady) serving the himegimi, acted as a romantic go-between through her husband, Tatewaki.
Japanese: 姫君に仕える女房あこきが、夫の帯刀を介して姫君と右近の少将の仲を取り持つなど、当時の貴族の縁談の一端が生き生きと描かれている。
English: He was disgusted with San no Kimi, who was not prepared to be a wife, and married a younger sister (Naka no Kimi) of Ukon no Shosho later.
Japanese: 妻の自覚が無い三の君に愛想を尽かし、後に右近の少将の妹（中の君）と結婚。
English: He was later promoted to Sanmi (Third Rank) Chujo, Chunagon and Uemon no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) concurrently, Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and Sadaisho (Major Captain the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) concurrently, Sadaijin (Minister of the left) and, then, Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state).
Japanese: 後に三位の中将、中納言兼衛門督、大納言兼左大将、左大臣、太政大臣と昇進。
English: Because Ochikubo was ill-treated at home, she tried to make Ukon no Shosho marry another lady, but was persuaded by Tatewaki to give up.
Japanese: 落窪が実家で虐待されていたことを理由に右近の少将を別の女性と縁談させようとするが、帯刀の説得によって断念する。
English: Hyobu no Shoyu: A son of Jibukyo, who was a maternal relative of Ukon no Shosho
Japanese: 兵部の少輔：右近の少将の母方の親戚である治部卿（じぶきょう）の息子。
English: Since he had a horse-face and erratic character, people made a fool of him, calling him "Omoshiro no Koma" (literally, funny horse).
Japanese: 馬面で性格も変わっているため、人々から「面白の駒」と馬鹿にされている。
English: Hamamatsu Chunagon Monogatari is a tale reportedly written by SUGAWARA no Takasue's daughter, who also wrote "Sarashina Nikki" (Sarashina Diary).
Japanese: 浜松中納言物語（はままつちゅうなごんものがたり）は、『更級日記』を書いた菅原孝標女の手になるとされる物語である。
English: It is classified as narrative literature of the latter half of the Heian period, born under influence of "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji).
Japanese: 『源氏物語』の影響を受けて生み出された平安時代後期の物語文学として位置付けられる。
English: The main theme focuses on the love affairs between Hamamatsu Chunagon, the main character and various ladies; such as a tragic love with Daihime, a daughter of his stepfather, Sadaisho, and then, a love and parting with the empress in Tang (China) where he went to see his dead father who visited his dream and telling him that he reincarnated as a prince of Tang.
Japanese: 主人公である浜松中納言と継父左大将の娘、大姫との悲恋、そして夢告で亡父が唐土の皇子に転生したと知り、彼を求めて渡唐し、かの地で出会った后との恋と別れ、といった様々な女性たちとのめぐりあいを主題としている。
English: Late in his life, Yukio MISHIMA was strongly attracted by this tale and wrote "Hojo no Umi" (The sea of Fertility) based on the theme of Rinne Tensho.
Japanese: 晩年の三島由紀夫が本物語に強く惹かれて、輪廻転生をテーマとした『豊饒の海』を残している。
English: SUGAWARA no Takasue no musume (1008-ca. after 1059) was a noble woman who lived in the Heian period.
Japanese: 菅原孝標女（すがわらのたかすえのむすめ、寛弘5年（1008年）-康平2年（1059年）以降？）は、平安時代の貴族の女性。
English: She is known as the author of "Sarashina Nikki" (Sarashina Diary), in which she wrote about her life from about the age of ten to about fifty, and according to the postscript of Sarashina Nikki Gyobusubon (Emperor's book stock), she is considered to be the author of "Hamamatsu Chunagon Monogatari" (The Tale of Hamamatsu Chunagon).
Japanese: 10歳頃から50歳頃までの人生を綴った『更級日記』の作者として知られ、更級日記御物本奥書により、『浜松中納言物語』などの物語の作者ともされる。
English: Her father was SUGAWARA no Takasue, who was Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) of Kazusa and Hitachi Provinces and a descendant of SUGAWARA no Michizane, while her mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tomoyasu and her aunt (an older sister of her mother) was the author of "Kagero Nikki" (The Gossamer Years), the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna.
Japanese: 彼女の父は、菅原道真の血を引く上総・常陸の受領・菅原孝標であり、母は藤原倫寧の娘で、おば（母の姉）は『蜻蛉日記』の作者である藤原道綱母であった。
English: In 1020, her father's term of service in Kazusa Province expired, so after about a three-month journey, the family finally reached Kyoto.
Japanese: 寛仁4年（1020年）、父の上総国の任期が果てたので一家で上京し、三ヶ月ほどの旅程を経てようやく京へと入った。
English: In those days she was absorbed in reading tales, and it is said that when she was given more than fifty chapters of "The Tale of Genji," she was lost in reading them day and night.
Japanese: 当時、物語への熱がさめず、伯母から『源氏物語』50余帖をもらった時は、昼夜を問わず読み耽ったという。
English: In 1024, her older sister passed away, leaving the second daughter behind, and she was absorbed in reading more than ever.
Japanese: 万寿元年（1024年）には姉が二女を残して亡くなり、なお物語に耽読した。
English: She served Imperial Princess Yushi (the third princess of Emperor Gosuzaku), and around 1040 she got married to TACHIBANA no Toshimichi.
Japanese: 祐子内親王（後朱雀天皇第三皇女）に仕え、長久元年（1040年）頃、橘俊通と結婚。
English: In 1045 she gave birth to a son, TACHIBANA no Nakatoshi, but Toshimichi died in 1058 and her son became independent of her, so she lived alone.
Japanese: 寛徳2年（1045年）に一子・橘仲俊をもうけたが、俊通は康平元年（1058年）に亡くなり、子も独立して彼女は孤独になった。
English: The form of this tale is as follows; a 73 year-old lady was staying in Hase-dera Temple for the night to pray, a shugensha (mountain ascetic of the Shugendo tradition) appeared and told her his amazing experiences, then she wrote them down.
Japanese: 73歳の老婆が、長谷寺に参籠中の夜、修験者が現れ、不思議な体験を語るのを書き留めたという形式になっている。
English: There is no article that is unique to "Mizukagami," but all of them are taken from sections of "Fuso ryakki" (A Short History of Japan) written by Koen.
Japanese: 『水鏡』独自の記事があるわけではなく、皇円が著した『扶桑略記』から抄出したものである。
English: In the preface, however, a unique historical view of the author is contained and certain uniqueness is found there.
Japanese: ただし、序文には著者独自の歴史観が盛り込まれており、そこには特異性が認められる。
English: According to the preface of "Imakagami," it was completed in 1170, in the era of the Emperor Takakura, but some say that it was completed later.
Japanese: 『今鏡』序文によれば、高倉天皇の嘉応2年（1170年）とされるが、それ以降とする説もある。
English: "Imakagami" is also called "Shoku Yotsugi" or "Kokagami."
Japanese: 『今鏡』は『続世継』（しょくよつぎ）とも『小鏡』（こかがみ）とも呼ばれる。
English: "Shoku Yotsugi" means that it is the continuation of "Okagami," and "Kokagami" means that it is a present history.
Japanese: 『続世継』は、『大鏡』の続きであるという意味で、『小鏡』とは、現在の歴史という意味である。
English: Reportedly, it is because "Iyayotsugi," which was a historical tale written by FUJIWARA no Takanobu (a son of Jakucho before Jakucho became a priest) and does not exist any more, treated the period in question.
Japanese: 藤原隆信（寂超在俗の子）の著である歴史物語『弥世継』（いやよつぎ、現存しない）がその時代を扱っていたためとされる。
English: Continuing Okagami, it treats the history for 13 generations, 146 years, from 1025, the era of the Emperor Goichijo to the Emperor Takakura in biographical historiography.
Japanese: 大鏡の後を受けて後一条天皇の万寿2年（1025年）から高倉天皇のまでの13代146年間の歴史を紀伝体で描いている。
English: Its form is that of a tale by an old lady, who was a granddaughter of Yotsugi OYA over 150 years old, on the way to visit the Hase-dera Temple.
Japanese: 長谷寺参りの途中で大宅世継の孫である、150歳を超えた老婆から聞いた話を記したという形式を採る。
English: The first 3 volumes are used for teiki (records of emperor's family tree), the middle 5 volumes for retsuden (a series of biographies) and the last 2 volumes for ancient practices and episodes of the society of nobles.
Japanese: はじめの3巻は帝紀、中の5巻は列伝、終わりの2巻は貴族社会の故実・逸話に割かれる。
English: Notwithstanding that there were large changes and turmoil in political and social situations in the transitional stage from the end stage of the Heian dynasty to the medieval period, interest in politics seems low and it emphasizes learning and public entertainment such as ceremonies and rituals as well as furyu-inji (elegant aestheticism and writing poems).
Japanese: 王朝末期から中世への過渡期において政治的・社会的大きな変動があったにもかかわらず、政治への関心は薄く、儀式典礼や風流韻事など中世,・芸能に重点を置く記述を貫いている。
English: There is a view that says that the contemporary tendency to emphasize Buddhist precepts and wishing for gokuraku ojo (peaceful death) suppressed creativity in story telling as seen in the fact that a scene in which the old lady argued against criticism of the tales of the time, and a rumor that Murasakishikibu, who wrote "Genji Monogatari," descended into hell under mogokai (a Buddhist admonition not to tell a lie) was included.
Japanese: また、当時の物語に対する批判（『源氏物語』を書いた紫式部が妄語戒によって地獄に堕ちたとする風説）に老婆が反論する場面が盛り込まれるなど、仏教戒律を重んじて極楽往生を願うという当時の社会風潮が物語としての創作性を抑制したとする見方もある。
English: Uji Shui Monogatari is a collection of setsuwa monogatari (narratives) of medieval Japan that was compiled in the first half of the thirteenth century.
Japanese: 宇治拾遺物語（うじしゅういものがたり）は、13世紀前半頃に成立した、中世日本の説話物語集である。
English: Its title refers to the fact that the setsuwa tales it contains were gleaned from those not included in the "Ujidainagon monogatari" ("The Tale of Chief Counselor Uji," a collection of setsuwa thought to have been compiled by the Ujidainagon MINAMOTO no Takakuni which is no longer extant).
Japanese: 題名は、佚書『宇治大納言物語』（宇治大納言源隆国が編纂したとされる説話集、現存しない）から漏れた話題を拾い集めたもの、という意味である。
English: According to the preface, the collected setsuwa tales are actually set in three different countries, not only in Japan but also in India and China; the preface also explains that the setsuwa tales have been collected into various types, including "aware" (poignant), "okashi" (amusing), and "osoroshiki" (terrifying) tales.
Japanese: 収録されている説話は、序文によれば、日本のみならず、天竺（インド）や大唐（中国）の三国を舞台とし、「あはれ」な話、「をかし」な話、「恐ろしき」話など多彩な説話を集めたものであると解説されている。
English: However, few original setsuwa tales were included, and many of the tales appear in earlier collections like the "Konjaku monogatari shu."
Japanese: ただ、オリジナルの説話は少なく、『今昔物語集』など先行する様々な説話集と共通する話が多い。
English: (As for the direct sources for these setsuwa tales, very similar stories can be found in such works as the "Kojidan" (Tales of the Past), the "Jikkinsho" (Ten Miscellaneous Maxims), and the "Uchigikishu" (Collected Stories I Heard), and over 80 of its stories are duplicated in the "Konjaku monogatari shu.")
Japanese: （説話の直接の出典には、『古事談』『十訓抄』『打聞集』などに類似の話が見られ、『今昔』との重出話にいたっては80余話もの数にのぼる）。
English: The collected stories feature a wide range of characters, from noblemen to commoners, and their subject matter ranges all over, from the quotidian to the bizarre to the hilarious.
Japanese: 貴族から庶民までの幅広い登場人物、日常的な話題から珍奇な滑稽談など幅広い内容の説話を含む。
English: The story called "Imogayu" (Potato gruel) was used as the inspiration for a short story by Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA (note however that the same story also appears in "Konjaku monogatari shu").
Japanese: 「芋粥」の話などは芥川龍之介の短編小説の題材にも取られている（『今昔物語集』にも同じ説話がある）。
English: The setsuwa contained in "Uji Shui Monogatari" can be classified into three categories according to their contents:
Japanese: 『宇治拾遺物語』に収録された説話の内容は、大別すると次の三種に分けられる。
English: As folklore, well-known setsuwa such as 'Warashibe Choja' (literally, rich person by the central stalk of a dried rice plant), 'Suzume no Ongaeshi '(the sparrow that returned a favor) and 'Kobutori Jiisan' (the old man who got his wen snatched off) are included.
Japanese: 民間伝承には、「わらしべ長者」や「雀の恩返し」、「こぶとりじいさん」などなじみ深い説話が収められている。
English: Although the collection does include some tales with Buddhist subject matter, most such tales tend to be on bawdy or humorous topics (for example, one features a chigo (acolyte) of Mt. Hiei who becomes the laughingstock of the priests when his youthful inexperience leads him to speak in a manner inappropriate to the occasion), and didactic or morally instructive elements are relatively weak in such tales.
Japanese: 仏教に関する説話も含むが、どちらかというと猥雑、ユーモラスな話題（比叡山の稚児が幼さゆえの場違いな発言で僧侶の失笑を買う、等）が多く、教訓や啓蒙の要素は薄い。
English: Consequently, it is possible to approach the setsuwa in this collection from a point of view that is unfettered by allegiance to any specific code of values that would require a faith-based reading.
Japanese: すなわち、信仰に導きたいというような特定の価値観に拘束されない自由な視点で説話と関わる姿勢が覗われる。
English: It seems that "Uji Shui Monogatari" was compiled during the period from 1213 to 1221.
Japanese: 『宇治拾遺物語』は、1213年（建保元年）から1221年（承久三年）頃にかけて成立したらしい。
English: Its preface includes the following descriptions about the process of its compilation.
Japanese: 序文では、この説話集の成立の経過について、次のようなことが書かれている。
English: 1. Firstly, the "Ujidainagon monogatari," supposedly written by the nobleman Takakuni--who called it simply "Ujidainagon"--was written (it is no longer extant).
Japanese: 一、まず、「宇治大納言」と呼ばれた貴族、隆国によって書かれたという『宇治大納言物語』が成立した（現在は散佚）。
English: 3. The Shuishu (which after all means "Collected Gleanings") was compiled from stories that had either not been included in earlier compilations or had arisen after those other compilations were completed.
Japanese: 三、この物語に漏れた話、その後の話などを拾い集めた拾遺集が編まれた。
English: One theory holds that, because the "Kojidan" is thought to be the direct source for one of its tales, the Shuishu must have been compiled sometime during the Kenryaku era (1211-1212).
Japanese: 『古事談』を直接の出典としている話が包含されていることにより、その成立期である建暦期であるとする説がある。
English: Another theory holds that the use of "Gotoba-in" (Retired Emperor Gotoba), the emperor's posthumous name, in story number 159 proves it must have been compiled soon after 1242, when this posthumous name first came into use.
Japanese: 第159話に「後鳥羽院」という諡号が出てくるのでこの「おくり名」が出された仁治3年（1242年）以後まもなく、とする説もある。
English: A third point of view acknowledges that the currently extant "Uji shui monogatari" may well have been compiled as described above, but holds that the currently extant version represents only excerpts of the version described in number 3 above.
Japanese: 現存の『宇治拾遺物語』はこうして成立したらしいが、三がさらに抄出された版であるという見方もなされている。
English: "The Izumi Shikibu Nikki" is a diary written by Izumi Shikibu, and is a notable example of women's literature in diaries.
Japanese: 和泉式部日記（いずみしきぶにっき）は和泉式部によって記された日記であり、女流日記文学の代表的作品である。
English: Izumi Shikibu, whose poem is included in the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets, is one of the Medieval Thirty Six Immortal Poets (the thirty-six major poets selected by FUJIWARA no Norikane in the middle of the Heian period), and her diary includes many correspondence of waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables), reflecting her talent as one of the greatest poets of the Heian period.
Japanese: 中古三十六歌仙の一人、小倉百人一首にもその歌が収められている、平安時代を代表する歌人である和泉式部にふさわしく、日記のなかに和歌の贈答の場面が頻出している。
English: Although most believe this work to be written by Izumi Shikibu herself, there are others who think a different author may have created this work due to the fact that this work was once called "Izumi Shikibu Monogatari" (the Story of Izumi Shikibu), and that Izumi Shikibu is treated as a third person and referred to as the 'lady' when it is herself that is the main character and she herself is the author (according to this argument, this work is a diary-style fiction under the guise of her romantic episodes).
Japanese: 作者は和泉式部の本人自筆の作品とされることもあるものの、かつては『和泉式部物語』とも呼ばれたこともあり、また主人公であり筆者であるはずの和泉式部本人を「女」という三人称的呼称で扱っていることから別に作者がいるのではないか、との意見もある(この説に従うなら和泉式部の恋愛に仮託した日記風歌物語、ということになる)。
English: It is believed that this work was written in 1008, during the one-year mourning period for Imperial Prince Atsumichi.
Japanese: 敦道親王が亡くなった後の、喪に服している一年の間（寛弘5年、1008年）に書かれたと言われている。
English: The story takes place during the several months between May 1003 and January 1004.
Japanese: 長保5年（1003年）4月〜寛弘元年（1004年）1月までの数ヶ月間の出来事をつづる。
English: It was a time when Izumi Shikibu was grieving over the death of her lover, Imperial Prince Tametaka of Danjo (the Third Prince of Emperor Reizei), who had passed away in 1002, the disownment by her father, and the cold relationship between her husband TACHIBANA no Michisada.
Japanese: 恋人冷泉天皇第三皇子弾正宮為尊親王が前年長保4年に薨じ、また為尊親王との恋のため父親にも勘当され、さらに夫橘道貞との関係も冷めたものとなって嘆きつつ追憶の日々を過ごしていた。
English: One day, Izumi Shikibu hears from Imperial Prince Atsumichi of Sochi, who was a younger brother of Imperial Prince Tametaka and the Fourth Prince of Emperor Reizei.
Japanese: 和泉式部のもとに、為尊親王の弟冷泉天皇第四皇子帥宮敦道親王の消息の便りが届く。
English: She begins to correspond with Prince Sochi through waka and letters, and meets him during his occasional visits, and before long, they fall deep in love with each other.
Japanese: その後帥宮と和歌や手紙などを取り交わし、また数度の訪問を受けるうちにお互いを深く愛する関係となる。
English: The characteristic features of this work are the exchanges of waka and the expression of Izumi Shikibu's honest feelings toward her lover.
Japanese: この間の和歌の取り交わしと、この恋愛に関する和泉式部のありのままの心情描写が本作品の大きな特色である。