nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Mori's comment in the 30th issue itself showed his concern about that Meirokusha and its bulletin had gradually become political.
Japanese: そもそも第30号での森の発言自体、そう言わねばならないほど明六社とその雑誌が政治的な性格を次第に帯びてきたことへの危惧の念の表明だったのである。
English: However, it can be said that Mori's attitude to be nonpolitical in spite of being a bureaucracy embraced a contradiction.
Japanese: しかし官僚であり続けながら非政治的であろうとする森の姿勢には無理があったと言わねばならない。
English: On the other hand, Yukichi FUKUZAWA continued to be conscious of such difference of the stances between public sector and private sector since his theory on the duty of scholar.
Japanese: 一方福澤諭吉は「学者職分論」以来、こうした官/民の立場の違いに意識的であり続けた。
English: The problem whether a bureaucracy who was an illuminator at the same time could continue to be an illuminator despite the governmental regulations against media showed clearly the difference among Dojin of Meirokusha and led to a conflict over the future of bulletin.
Japanese: 政府のメディア規制を前にして官僚兼啓蒙者は啓蒙者たり続けられるのかという問題は、明六社同人間の温度差を浮き彫りにし、雑誌の行く末をめぐって対立することになる。
English: In September 1875, a proposition of suspension of issue by Shuhei MITSUKURI and Fukuzawa finally triggered the suspension of issue after the 43rd issue.
Japanese: 1875年9月、ついに箕作秋坪や福澤の停刊提案をきっかけに第43号で停刊中絶となった。
English: While Mori, Mamichi TSUDA and Amane NISHI insisted to continue publishing, many members supported the suspension of issue.
Japanese: 森、津田真道、西周らは刊行継続を唱えたが、多くの社員は活動停止を支持した。
English: Although "Meiroku Zasshi" suspended issue after almost two years, it achieved not-so-small performance.
Japanese: 足かけ二年で停刊した『明六雑誌』であったが、その残したものは小さくはなかった。
English: In fact, some articles were suspended to be published in the middle and others were ended without reaching any conclusion.
Japanese: 確かに途中で掲載が終わった論説もあり、議論が議論のまま終了するものもあった。
English: However, it is historically obvious that it planted some seeds which would sprout out in later years on the dispute of the establishment of democratic representatives, problems on feminism and the issue of a nation's script.
Japanese: しかし民撰議院設立論争にしても、女性問題・国語国字問題にしても、後世の社会に芽吹く種子を植え付けたことは歴史的に明らかであった。
English: The Central Negotiation Committee is parliamentary group (April 23, 1892 - March 1, 1893) during Meiji Period.
Japanese: 中央交渉会（ちゅうおうこうしょうかい）とは、明治時代に存在した院内会派（1892年4月23日－1893年3月1日）。
English: It is known as the Central Negotiation Department in general, however, this is a common name from a name of building in which the head office was located, and it is described as 'the Central Negotiation Committee' in the parliamentary documents of that time.
Japanese: 一般には中央交渉部（ちゅうおうこうしょうぶ）という名称で知られているが、これは本部が置かれた建物名に由来する通称であり、当時の議会の資料には「中央交渉会」と記述されている。
English: It was formed by 95 people who belonged to political parties ・ parliamentary groups headed by the Taisei-kai Group which supported the government (the 1st Matsukata cabinet).
Japanese: 大成会を中心とした政府（第1次松方内閣）支持の政党・会派に属する95名が結成した。
English: Kamon FURUSHO, Minoru Ota, Mamichi TSUDA, Kakugoro INOUE, Kencho SUEMATSU, Tomofusa SASSA, and Arasuke SONE were members of the committee.
Japanese: 古荘嘉門・太田実・津田真道・井上角五郎・末松謙澄・佐々友房・曾禰荒助らが所属する。
English: However, a conflict was created between a group formed by Furusho, Sassa, Sone, etc. who tried to get the Central Negotiation Committee into a political party and a group formed by Inoue, Suematsu, etc. who were against the idea.
Japanese: ところが、中央交渉会の政党化を図る古荘・佐々・曾根らとこれに反対する井上・末松らが対立した。
English: On June 22, when two months had passed since the formation of the committee, Furusho and other people formed Kokumin Kyokai (National Association) (Japan) with Tsugumichi SAIGO and Yajiro SHINAGAWA as the leaders, and this tore the committee apart in the dispute on whether their joining the association or not and caused steady stream of defections from the committee.
Japanese: 結成2ヶ月後の6月22日に古荘らが西郷従道・品川弥二郎を盟主として国民協会_(日本)が結成すると、同協会への合流を巡って分裂状態に陥り離脱者が続出する。
English: On the other hand, there were some councilors who belonged to Kokumin Kyokai while remaining to be members of the Central Negotiation Committee as a parliamentary group since Kokumin Kyokai didn't organize their own parliamentary group, and situation became very confusing.
Japanese: その一方で国民協会は独自の院内会派を結成しなかったために、国民協会所属のまま会派だけは中央交渉会に籍をおく議員が存在するなど複雑な状態となった。
English: When Kokumin Kyokai established a parliamentary group ・ the Councilor Society later, most of them transferred their registration, and some even transferred to other political parties ・ groups.
Japanese: 後に国民協会が院内会派・議院倶楽部を設立するとほとんどが移籍してしまい、他の政党・会派に移籍する者も出た。
English: Because of this, the number of members of the committee decreased to only 11 next year, and all the remaining councilors after the conflict seceded from it at the same time as when the fourth parliament was shut, and the committee disappeared naturally.
Japanese: このため、翌年にはわずか11名にまで減少してしまい、路線対立から第4議会終了と同時に残った全議員が離脱したために自然消滅した。
English: Regulation of national bank is a Japanese law enacted in 1872.
Japanese: 国立銀行条例（こくりつぎんこうじょうれい）は、1872年に制定された日本の法律である。
English: Until then, Japan had used convertible currency (currency guaranteed to exchange for gold).
Japanese: それまで日本は兌換貨幣（金との交換が保証された通貨）を使用していた。
English: However, a gold shortage, caused mainly by the outflow, became a serious problem and the conversion system had to be stopped.
Japanese: だが海外流出などで金不足が深刻化しており、兌換制度を止める必要があった。
English: In 1871, New Currency Regulation was issued and the first modern monetary system was introduced to Japan which designated 'yen (currency)' as Japanese currency.
Japanese: 1871年に新貨条例が出され、「円(通貨)」を貨幣とする最初の近代貨幣制度が導入された。
English: However, this gold standard system caused gold coins to fall short of the requisite amount and silver coins came to circulate more widely instead.
Japanese: しかし金本位制のため金貨不足のせいで銀貨がよく使われるようになった。
English: Later, Hirobumi ITO proposed the regulation of national bank, for which he had consulted the National Bank System (state law bank system) of the United States of America that adopts the system of issuing bank, and then it was enacted in 1872.
Japanese: その後伊藤博文が発券銀行制度を導入しているアメリカ合衆国のナショナル・バンク制度（国法銀行制度）を参考に建議し、国立銀行条例として1872年に制定した。
English: Accordingly, Eichi SHIBUSAWA founded First National Bank (currently Mizuho Bank, Limited) in 1873 which is Japan's first national bank (Meiji period).
Japanese: これにより、渋沢栄一が1873年に日本初の国立銀行_(明治)である第一国立銀行（現みずほ銀行）を設立。
English: And then, national banks were put under obligation to exchange the bank notes for convertible coins such as gold coins.
Japanese: そして、国立銀行が発行する銀行券には金貨などの兌換硬貨との交換を義務付ける。
English: After Shigenobu OKUMA assumed office as the Minister of Finance in 1873, he propelled a policy of encouragement of new industry adopting positive fiscal policy so called 'Okuma finances.'
Japanese: 大隈重信が1873年に大蔵卿に就任以来、積極財政により「大隈財政」なる殖産興業政策の推進を行った。
English: With this as motivation, projects to build many national banks were promoted and 153 national banks were founded across the nation.
Japanese: これにより多くの国立銀行の設立が推進されるようになり、全国に153の国立銀行を設置する。
English: Before the amendments, the banks must always keep the amount of convertible coins comparable to the sum of the notes they issued, so the amendments, which abolished this restriction, made a great influence to the monetary system.
Japanese: 改正前の内容には兌換硬貨と銀行券との交換の為に紙幣に見合うだけの兌換硬貨を用意する必要があったため、改正により貨幣制度に大きな影響を及ぼした。
English: The amount of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) notes and bank notes increased rapidly and in June 1882, regulation of the Bank of Japan was adopted.
Japanese: 太政官札や銀行紙幣が急増し、1882年6月に日本銀行条例が導入される。
English: In October of the same year, the Bank of Japan started business, followed by the introduction of regulation of convertible bank note.
Japanese: そして同年10月に日本銀行が開業し、更に1884年に兌換銀行券条例を導入。
English: Coupled with that, in 1885, the Bank of Japan issued the Bank of Japan convertible into silver notes (notes guaranteed to be exchanged for the same amount of silver coins) and withdrew excessive silver coins.
Japanese: それに伴い1885年に日本銀行兌換銀券（この紙幣と同額の銀貨と交換することの保証券）を発行、増えた銀貨を回収。
English: From then on, the economy became gradually stabilized and in 1897, the Coinage Law was enacted and the gold standard was formalized.
Japanese: その後安定してくるようになり、1897年に貨幣法を制定、金本位制を確定させる。
English: At the same time, the government announced that government notes and national bank notes would be stopped to issue and national banks became what they are now.
Japanese: それと同時に政府紙幣と国立銀行券の発行停止が言い渡され、国立銀行も現在の銀行へとなっていった。
English: In 1942, the old version of the Bank of Japan Law was promulgated, when regulation of the Bank of Japan and regulation of convertible bank note was abolished.
Japanese: そして1942年には日本銀行法の旧法が公布され、日本銀行条例と兌換銀行券条例を廃止した。
English: On June 18, 1997, the new version of the Bank of Japan Law was promulgated to totally revise the old version and it was enforced on April 1, 1998.
Japanese: 1997年6月18日にその日本銀行法（旧法）の全部を改正する新法が公布され、1998年4月1日に施行された。
English: The movement to unite for a common purpose refers to a unification movement took place between 1887 and 1889 among factions of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement to prepare for the establishment of the Imperial Diet.
Japanese: 大同団結運動（だいどうだんけつうんどう）とは、1887年－1889年に発生した帝国議会開設に備えた自由民権運動各派による統一運動。
English: However, Taisuke ITAGAKI, former president of the Liberal Party, distanced himself from the movement because he was alienated and Shigenobu OKUMA of the Constitutional Progressive Party was skeptical.
Japanese: だが、自由党元総裁板垣退助は自分が疎外された事から運動から距離を置き、立憲改進党の大隈重信も懐疑的であった。
English: Against this movement, the government enacted hoan jorei (regulations for the preservation of law and order) to oppress those activists on December 26 of the same year, whereas Shigenobu OKUMA was appointed to the First Ito Cabinet as a Minister of Foreign Affairs in February, 1888 (the following year) to separate the Constitutional Progressive Party from the movement.
Japanese: これに対して政府は同年12月26日に保安条例を制定して活動家の弾圧を始める一方、翌1888年2月には大隈重信を第1次伊藤内閣の外務大臣(日本)として入閣させて立憲改進党を運動から離脱させた。
English: At the same time, within the former Liberal Party, there was a confrontation between two groups: one led by Hironaka KONO (seisha group) who aimed to form a temporary political organization to prepare for the election which would be a parent organization of a new political party and the other led by Kentaro OI (hi-seisha group) who aimed to restore Liberal Party rather than form a new political party now that the Constitutional Progressive Party left and emphasized that it was not a time to think about a new political party.
Japanese: 一方、旧自由党系内部でもとりあえず選挙に備えた新党の母体となる政治結社を結成しようとする（政社系）河野広中らと立憲改進党系が離脱した以上は新党ではなく自由党再興を目指すべきで今は政治結社を考える時ではないとする（非政社系）大井憲太郎らが対立する。
English: However, Shojiro GOTO, the leader of the movement, was appointed to the Kuroda Cabinet as a Minister of Communications and announced that he would withdraw from the movement in February, 1889 (It is said that Itagaki, who was displeased that he was alienated from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and Governor Tametomo TOKITO of Kochi Prefecture, who was a close associate of Seiki KURODA, encouraged Goto to enter the Cabinet), which led the movement to be divided into two groups: Daido kurabu (uniting for a common purpose club) led by KONO and Daido Kyowakai (uniting for a common purpose harmonious meeting) led by Oi, and then the movement virtually collapsed.
Japanese: ところが、1889年2月には運動の盟主に擁されていた後藤象二郎が黒田内閣の逓信大臣として入閣して運動からの撤退を表明（なお、自分抜きの大同団結運動に不快感を抱いた板垣が、黒田清隆側近の時任為基高知県知事とともに後藤に入閣を勧めたとされている）、これを機に3月10日には運動は河野の大同倶楽部と大井の大同協和会に分裂して事実上崩壊した。
English: Nevertheless, Oi launched a restoration campaign of Liberal Party in vain, and in 1890 (the following year), together with Chomin NAKAE and others, he declared the restoration of the Liberal Party on their own.
Japanese: その後も大井は自由党再興運動を起こすが実らず、翌1890年に中江兆民らとともに自由党再興を独自に宣言した。
English: However, once the Imperial Diet was actually held and a confrontation between People's Rights-leaning minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party) and the government became intense, the trend became stronger to give support to Taisuke ITAGAKI, who had distanced himself from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and then this led to the discussion toward reunifying former Liberal Party; in the end of the year, the Constitutional Liberal Party was organized by Oi's Liberal Party and Daido kurabu and supported Itagaki.
Japanese: ところが、実際に帝国議会が開催されて民権派系の民党と政府の対立が激化すると、大同団結運動と距離を置いていた板垣退助を擁立する声が高まり、これを機に旧自由党系の再集結論が盛り上がり、同年暮に大井の自由党や大同倶楽部などによって板垣を擁した立憲自由党が結成された。
English: In the meantime, Shojiro GOTO and his followers consequently lost support and organized Kokumin Liberal Party (National Liberal Party), which turned into a government-leaning party; however, they could gain only five parliamentary seats in the first general election, which barely bestowed them much political clout.
Japanese: なお、結果的に梯子を外された形となった後藤象二郎直系を中心とした集団は国民自由党を結成して吏党に転じるが、第1回総選挙で5議席しか獲得できなかったためにほとんど影響力は無かった。
English: The ill feelings of the division of the movement to unite for a common purpose were carried into the new Constitutional Liberal Party, which would be an underlying cause to undermine organizational unity of Tosa school of Liberal Party by the First Yamagata Cabinet which would come into power.
Japanese: 大同団結運動分裂時のしこりは新しい立憲自由党にも持ち込まれ、後の第1次山縣内閣による自由党土佐派の切り崩しの遠因となる。
English: The subjugation of the Emishi means the conquest of the Emishi (later called the Ezo), the indigenous inhabitants in the northern and northeastern parts of ancient Japan, carried out by the imperial court.
Japanese: 蝦夷征討（えみしせいとう）とは、日本の古代において蝦夷に対して朝廷が行った征討である。
English: However, according to the history of ancient Japan, Wo, in "The History of the Song Dynasty," the following description was found in a memorial presented to the emperor (the southern dynasty) by the Japanese king Bu in 478.
Japanese: しかし、5世紀の中国の歴史書『宋書』倭国伝には、478年倭王武が宋(南朝)に提出した上表文の中に以下の記述がある。
English: Sodei, wearing armor himself, went on expeditions across many mountains and rivers, finding no time to rest in any comfortable place.'
Japanese: 「昔から祖彌（そでい）躬（みずか）ら甲冑（かっちゅう）を環（つらぬ）き、山川（さんせん）を跋渉（ばっしょう）し、寧処（ねいしょ）に遑（いとま）あらず。
English: From this description, we can see that the Emishi/Ezo (northerners and northeasterners) were already living there at that time, and their subjugation was being undertaken.
Japanese: この記述から、この時代には既に蝦夷の存在と、その統治が進んでいた様子を窺い知ることが出来る。
English: This fact is assumed as evidence that the Kenu clan had wielded great influence over the Emishi/Ezo (northerners and northeasterners) from a long time ago.
Japanese: これは毛野氏が古くから蝦夷に対して影響力を持っていたことを示していると推定されている。
English: For instance, many assimilated Emishi (fushu) used to the family name of Kimiko-be, which was a common family name among subordinate people belonging to the Kenu clan.
Japanese: 例えば俘囚の多くが吉弥侯部氏を名乗っているが、吉弥侯部、君子部、公子部は毛野氏の部民に多い姓である。
English: In around the seventh century, the Emishi/Ezo (northerners and northeasterners) had presumably lived widely over most parts of the Tohoku Region, north of the center of modern day Miyagi Prefecture and northern Yamagta Prefecture, and most parts of Hokkaido (current local public body).
Japanese: 7世紀頃には、蝦夷は現在の宮城県中部から山形県以北の東北地方と、北海道(地方公共団体)の大部分に広く住んでいたと推察されている。
English: However, from around the Taika era, the development of the Ezo area began in a strained international context, starting with the installation of the Nutari stockades in 647, and followed by the continued construction of stockades in and northward of modern day Niigata and Miyagi prefectures.
Japanese: しかし、大化年間ころから国際環境の緊張を背景とした蝦夷開拓が図られ、大化3年（647年）の渟足柵設置を皮切りに現在の新潟県・宮城県以北に城柵が次々と建設された。
English: However, besides individual battles, there was no full-scale war between the Emishi/Ezo and Imperial armies.
Japanese: しかし、個別の衝突はあったものの蝦夷と朝廷との間には全面的な戦闘状態はなかった。
English: In 770, a chief of the Emishi/Ezo army was defeated in a battle with the Imperial army and was forced to retreat to his homeland, and in the following year, 771, a delegate from Bo-Hai Dynasty arrived at Noshiro of Dewa Province (modern day Noshiro City in Akita Prefecture).
Japanese: 宝亀元年（770年）には蝦夷の首長が賊地に逃げ帰り、翌2年の渤海使が出羽野代（現在の秋田県能代市）に来着した。
English: Judging from this fact, some researchers insist that the Emishi/Ezo seem to have already risen in revolt in the northern part of the Ou Region (Mutsu and Dewa provinces) in the early Hoki era (770-789) under the reign of Emperor Konin.
Japanese: そのことなどから、宝亀年代初期には奥羽北部の蝦夷が蜂起していたとうかがえるとする研究者もいる。
English: This marked the beginning of the age of the Thirty-Eight Years' War to subjugate the Ezo people, which lasted until 811.
Japanese: 弘仁2年（811年）まで特に三十八年戦争とも呼ばれる蝦夷征討の時代となる。
English: Under the Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North (chinju-fu shogun), local fighting occurred in order to subjugate Emishi/Ezo forces who had invaded Momonou Castle.
Japanese: 桃生城に侵攻した蝦夷を征討するなど、鎮守府将軍による局地戦が行われた。
English: Uprisings of Emishi/Ezo inhabitants spread over to the areas along the Sea of Japan, including the revolt of the Emishi/Ezo of Shiwa village, which was then under the domain of the Dewa province.
Japanese: 蝦夷の蜂起は日本海側にも及び、当時出羽国管轄であった志波村の蝦夷も反逆。
English: Although fighting continued mainly in the Dewa province for the last half of this period, most rebellions by Emishi/Ezo people are considered to have ceased by 778, partly thanks to the collaboration of IJI no Azamaro and others.
Japanese: 後半は主に出羽において戦闘が継続したが、伊治呰麻呂らの協力もあり、宝亀9年（778年）までには反乱は一旦収束したと考えられている。
English: On May 1, 780, Azamaro killed KI no Hirozumi and others at Iji Castle, while the army of assimilated Emishi people attacked and plundered Taga Castle and set the fire to it.
Japanese: 宝亀11年3月22日(旧暦)（780年5月1日）、呰麻呂は伊治城において紀広純らを殺害、俘囚軍は多賀城を襲撃し略奪放火をした。
English: Although the subsequent development of these battles was not recorded in any official history, there is a view that these events were closely related to the standoff at Yurisaku fortress, the seizure of Omuro-sai fortress, the temporary abandonment of Akita-jo castle, and the destruction by fire of two public offices of Ogachi and Hiraka counties, both in Dewa province.
Japanese: 正史の記録には以後の経過が記されていないが、出羽国雄勝郡平鹿郡2郡郡家の焼亡、由理柵の孤立、大室塞の奪取及び秋田城の一時放棄と関連づける見解もある。
English: In 781, one year after FUJIWARA no Oguromaro was appointed as Great General for the East Subjugation (seito taishi), all the rebellions are believed to have temporarily ended.
Japanese: 藤原小黒麻呂が征東大使となり、翌天応元年（781年）には乱は一旦終結に向かったと推察されている。
English: In 789, a large scale conquest of Emishi/Ezo's lands was launched by KI no Kosami, who had been appointed as a Seito Shogun (a general to subdue eastern barbarians) in the previous year.
Japanese: 延暦8年（789年）に、前年征東将軍となった紀古佐美らによる大規模な蝦夷征討が開始された。
English: KI no Kosami, who had stayed in Koromogawa village with his troops without charging forward until the end of May, was rebuked by Emperor Kanmu for his immobility.
Japanese: 紀古佐美は5月末まで衣川村に軍を留め、進軍せずにいたが、桓武天皇からの叱責を受けた。
English: About four thousand soldiers from the central and rear forces of the Imperial army stationed at three locations to the west of Kitakami-gawa River crossed the river and marched along the east bank.
Japanese: 北上川の西に3箇所に分かれて駐屯していた朝廷軍のうち、中軍と後軍の4,000名が川を渡って東岸を進んだ。
English: The main forces of the Imperial army detected ahead of them about three hundred Emishi/Ezo troops gathered near 'the residence of Aterui, (a chief commander of the Emishi/Ezo forces)', according to "The Chronicle of Japan Continued."
Japanese: この主力軍は、「賊帥夷、アテルイ（アテルイ）居」（『続日本紀』）のあたりで前方に蝦夷軍約300名を確認した。
English: Chasing the Emishi/Ezo army, the Imperial army entered Subuse village, where they had intended to meet the front force of the Imperial army stationed on the west side of the river, which, however, had been blocked by the Emishi/Ezo army and had failed to cross the river.
Japanese: この蝦夷軍を追って巣伏村に至り、そこで前軍と合流しようと考えたが、前軍は対岸の蝦夷軍に阻まれて渡河できなかった。
English: The Imperial army took to flight, leaving 25 soldiers killed, including the adjutant general HATSUSEBE no Zenri, 245 soldiers shot by arrows, 1,036 soldiers drowned in the river and another 1,257 soldiers who crossed the river without clothes.
Japanese: 朝廷軍は壊走し、別将の丈部善理ら戦死者25名、矢にあたる者245名、川で溺死した者1,036名、裸身で泳ぎ来る者1,257名の損害を出した。
English: There is no other example in the ancient history of Japan of a small army defeating a much larger one comparable to the battle which arose in late May or early June (the Battle of Subuse).
Japanese: 5月末か6月初めに起こったこの戦いは、寡兵をもって大兵を破ること著しいもので、これほど鮮やかな例は日本古代史に類を見ない（巣伏の戦い）。
English: In 794, another expeditionary army was sent to subdue Emishi/Ezo lands, headed by Seii Tai-shogun (the great general who subdues the barbarians) OTOMO no Otomaro, and the deputy general Tamuramaro SAKANOUE.
Japanese: 延暦13年（794年）には、再度の征討軍として征夷大将軍大伴弟麻呂、征夷副使坂上田村麻呂による蝦夷征伐が行われた。
English: Details of fighting in this expedition were not recorded in historical materials other than "Ruiju Kokushi" (classified national history) which mentioned that 'the expeditionary army of the deputy general SAKANOUE Osukune Tamuramaro conquered Ezo barbarians.'
Japanese: この戦役については「征東副将軍坂上大宿禰田村麿已下蝦夷を征す」（『類聚国史』）と記録されているが他の史料がないため詳細は不明である。
English: Despite the fact he was just one of four deputy generals, Tamuramaro was the only person whose name was written in historical records.
Japanese: しかし、田村麻呂は四人の副使（副将軍）の一人にすぎないにもかかわらず唯一史料に残っている。
English: In 801, Tamuramaro SAKANOUE, who was newly appointed as Seii Taishogun (a great general who subdues barbarians), went on an expedition and successfully subjugated Emishi/Ezo barbarians.
Japanese: 延暦20年（801年）には坂上田村麻呂が征夷大将軍として遠征し、夷賊（蝦夷）を討伏した。
English: Though Aterui, a leader of the Emishi/Ezo army, survived, Tamuramaro decided to suspend hostilities against the Ezo army seemingly due to the predominant war situation, which may be presumed now from the fact that, in the year after he had returned to Kyoto, Tamuramaro went back to Mutsu Province in order to construct Isawa-jo Castle in the area he procured by fighting against the Ezo.
Japanese: このとき蝦夷の指導者アテルイは生存していたが、いったん帰京してから翌年、確保した地域に胆沢城を築くために陸奥国に戻っていることから、優勢な戦況を背景に停戦したものと見られている。
English: According to "Nihonkiryaku" (The Abbreviated History of Japan), Tamonokimi Aterui and Iwagunokimi More together with more than 500 soldiers surrendered to Tamuramaro, and although Tamuramaro had an opinion to spare the lives of Aterui and More and to let their fellow armies lay down arms, his vassals opposed his suggestion and executed Aterui and More in Kawachi Province.
Japanese: 『日本紀略』には、同年の報告として、大墓公阿弖利爲（アテルイ）と盤具公母禮（モレ）が五百余人を率いて降伏したこと、田村麻呂が2人を助命し仲間を降伏させるよう提言したこと、群臣が反対しアテルイとモレが河内国で処刑されたことが記録されている。
English: "Nihon Koki" (the Later Chronicles of Japan) also notes that this expedition suppressed as far as Hei-mura village.
Japanese: また、このとき閉伊村まで平定されたことが『日本後紀』に記されている。
English: The third period in the series of campaigns to conquer the Emishi/Ezo barbarians ended in 803 when Shiwa-jo Castle was constructed.
Japanese: 第3期の蝦夷征討は、延暦22年（803年）に志波城を築城したことで終了した。
English: In 811, it was FUNYA no Watamaro who subjugated Hei-mura village and instituted Waga, Hienuki and Shiwa counties.
Japanese: 弘仁2年（811年）の文室綿麻呂による幣伊村征討が行われ、和賀郡、稗貫郡、紫波郡設置に至った。
English: From the description in "Nihon Koki" (the Later Chronicles of Japan) that Nisatta and Heii villages were also conquered, some say that Imperial expeditionary forces reached the northern end of mainland Japan.
Japanese: 爾薩体・幣伊2村を征したと『日本後紀』にあることから征討軍が本州北端に達したという説もある。
English: In the following year, Tokutan-jo Castle was constructed and it functioned until the middle of 9th century, but the three newly instituted counties were later abandoned.
Japanese: 翌年には徳丹城が建造され、9世紀半ばまでは使用されていたが、このとき建郡された3郡については後に放棄されている。
English: After that, systematic expeditions against Emishi/Ezo barbarians were suspended, and only rebellions of ifu (half-assimilated Emishi) or fushu (fully-assimilated Emishi) under the Imperial governance were recorded ever since.
Japanese: 以後、組織だった蝦夷征討は停止し、朝廷の支配下に入った夷俘、俘囚の反乱が記録されるのみとなった。
English: In 367, when a rebellion of Ezo arose, KAMITSUKENO no Tamichi was dispatched to suppress it, but was killed in action at the floodgate at Ishi, (which is a legend).
Japanese: 仁徳天皇55年蝦夷の反乱、上毛野田道が派遣されるが伊峙水門で敗死（伝説）。
English: In 637, the Emishi/Ezo (northerners/northeasterners) refused to pay a visit to the Imperial palace and raised a rebellion, which was successfully suppressed thanks to the quick-witted wife of KAMITSUKENU no Katana.
Japanese: 舒明天皇9年（637年）蝦夷反乱し入朝せず、上毛野形名が妻の活躍により征討に成功。
English: In 709, when the Emishi harmed freemen with their own lands, Kosemaro, SAEKI no Iwayu, KI no Morohito and others were dispatched to subjugate them.
Japanese: 和銅2年（709年）蝦夷が良民を害し、巨勢麻呂、佐伯石湯、紀諸人らが征討に出発。