nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After he grew up, he deepened exchanges with the top literati painters in those days, such as Shungaku KANAE and Kyodo HAMADA in Osaka and Shunkin URAGAMI, Chikuto NAKABAYASHI, Baiitsu YAMAMOTO in Kyoto and meanwhile he seems to have acquired the method of literati painting.
Japanese: 長じた後に大坂では鼎春岳、濱田杏堂、京都では浦上春琴、中林竹洞、山本梅逸ら、当時一流の文人画家と親しく交流するうち文人画の技法を修得したものと推察される。
English: Chikuden TANOMURA highly praised Suo's 'Soan-zukan' as well as Sanyo RAI and Kaiseki NORO in his book "The record of friend and teacher in Takeda house."
Japanese: 田能村竹田はその著『竹田荘師友画録』で頼山陽や野呂介石と並べて菘翁の「送行図巻」を激賞した。
English: Also, Suo was good at the painting theory and when he was fifty-six years old, he preludized for the theory on Chinese paintings "Sansuikoshu" (High Atmospheric Landscape) by Yozan HAMACHI in Ise and commented for "Rongashi" (Theory on painting and poetry) by Kino Shunkin.
Japanese: また、菘翁は画論にも長けており56歳の頃、伊勢の浜地庸山の著した中国画論『山水高趣』に題言を寄せ、紀春琴の『論画詩』にも評を加えている。
English: The calligraphy by Kaido NUKINA (the name was Shuku, 1750 - 1850) was very similar to that of Suo in the power in brush strokes and thus was often mistaken for each other in the market.
Japanese: 貫名海堂（名を肅、1750年-1850年）という人物の書は菘翁の筆勢と非常によく似ているため市場でよく間違われる。
English: He was considered as one member of Suo's family or his disciple, but it is not clear for the reason that he was from Tarumi ward, Harima Province and that he was much older than Suo.
Japanese: 菘翁の一族か門弟であるとされるが、播磨国垂水区の出身であるとされる点、菘翁より相当年長である点などがあり判然としていない。
English: KOREHARI no Azamaro (also known as KOREHARU no Azamaro, date of birth and death unknown) was an Ezo leader of Mutsu Province (later Rikuzen Province) in the Nara period.
Japanese: 伊治呰麻呂（これはりのあざまろ、これはるのあざまろ、生没年不明）は、日本の奈良時代の陸奥国（後の陸前国）の蝦夷の指導者である。
English: He served kokufu (ancient provincial office/capital) and became Dairyo (high-ranking local magistrate) of Ueharu-gun, given Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade] given to persons outside Kyoto) by ancient Japanese government of centralized governance but launched Hoki no Ran at the Iharu jo-Castle.
Japanese: 国府に仕え上治郡大領となり律令政府より外従五位下に叙されていたが、780年に伊治城で宝亀の乱を起こした。
English: He was often called KOREHARI no Kimi Azamaro or KOREHARU no Kimi Azamaro as written in the historical materials.
Japanese: 史料中に伊治公呰麻呂（これはりのきみあざまろ、これはるのきみあざまろ）としてあらわれるため、そのように呼ぶことも多い。
English: How to read 伊治 was unwritten in the historical materials, 伊治 was read as 'Iji' by on-yomi (Chinese reading of kanji) for a long time.
Japanese: 史料に読み方が記されなかったため、伊治は長く音読みで「いじ」と読まれてきた。
English: According to the "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued), Azamaro was a Dairyo of Korehari-gun but Korehari-gun was an unknown place.
Japanese: また、呰麻呂は『続日本紀』に上治郡大領とあるが、上治郡は不明の地であった。
English: Later, a mokkan (a long and narrow wood plate with a script written with a brush) written as 'Koreharu-gun' was excavated so 'kore' and 'I' were homophonic and the theory that korehari was koreharu's writing error became stronger.
Japanese: 後に「此治郡」という表記の木簡が出土したため、此と伊は訓読みで「これ」の同音異字で通じ、上治を此治の誤記とする説が有力になった。
English: Guns, castles, persons were named the same as 'korehari' or 'koreharu.'
Japanese: 同じ「これはり」または「これはる」が郡と城と人に冠して付けられたということになる。
English: At that time, the war between ancient Japanese government of centrized governance and Ezo in Kitakata had been continued for many years and Koreharu-gun was located on the front lines.
Japanese: 当時、律令政府と北方の蝦夷の間には連年交戦が続いており、伊治郡はその最前線に位置していた。
English: KOREHARI no Azamaro was from Ifu (barbarians) but took credit for the Ezo Conquest in the Shiwa Village that was under the jurisdiction of Dewa Province so he was appointed Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade] given to the persons outside Kyoto) on July 24, 778.
Japanese: 伊治公呰麻呂は夷俘（俘囚）の出身であったが、出羽国の管轄にあった志波村の蝦夷征討に功を上げ、778年7月24日（宝亀9年6月25日(旧暦)）に外従五位下に任じられた。
English: According to the "Shoku Nihongi"(Chronicle of Japan Continued), Hirozumi KINO, Inspector of Mutsu disliked Azamaro at first but he came to trust Azamaro later.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』には、陸奥按察使の紀広純は、はじめ呰麻呂を嫌ったが、後にはなはだ信用するようになったとある。
English: However, the Dairyo of Oshika-gun, Odate MICHISHIMA looked down on Azamaro as Ifu so Azamaro held a grudge deep in his heart.
Japanese: しかし同じ俘囚出身である牡鹿郡大領の道嶋大盾は、呰麻呂を見下して夷俘として侮ったため、呰麻呂は内心深く恨んでいたともある。
English: In 780, Hirozumi KINO visited Koreharu-jo Castle during the construction of Kakubetsu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 780年（宝亀11年）に紀広純は覚べつ城建設に際して伊治城を訪れた。
English: On May 1, Azamaro took the chance and staged a rebellion using a barbarian army killing Odate first and clustered around Hirozumi next and killed him.
Japanese: 5月1日（3月22日(旧暦)）、その機会をとらえて呰麻呂は俘囚の軍を動かして反乱を起こし、まず大盾を殺し、次に広純を多勢で囲んで殺した。
English: The castle town residents were tried to protect the Taga-jo Castle inside but Masatuna sneaked out from the back gate with ISHIKAWA no Kiyotari of Jo.
Japanese: 城下の住民は多賀城の中に入って城を守ろうとしたが、真綱は掾の石川浄足とともに後門から隠れて逃げた。
English: The looting of the Taka-jo Castle was a direct consequence of the rebellion but historical materials didn't indicate who was a commander.
Japanese: 多賀城の略奪は反乱の直接の結果だが、その指揮官が誰かを史料は記さない。
English: It is highly possible that the Taga-jo Castle fall was led by Azamaro but it cannot be denied another possibility.
Japanese: 呰麻呂が多賀城を落とした可能性も高いが、別の将による可能性も否定できない。
English: Central government appointed FUJIWARA no Tsugutada as Seito taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) and sent the army but the battle became larger without results and it is unknown that key person Azamaro played a what part and what happened to him after that.
Japanese: 中央政府は、ただちに藤原継縄を征東大使に任命し軍をだしたが何の成果もなく戦闘は拡大した、肝心の呰麻呂がどんな役割を果たしたかその後どうなったかは不明である。
English: It was claimed that Azamaro lost the battle and was killed by Seito army, it was written in the "Shoku Nihongi", this missing part of record implies that Azamaro didn't die like that.
Japanese: 呰麻呂が征東軍に敗れて殺されるようなことがあれば『続日本紀』が記しただろうから、記録の欠落は呰麻呂がそうした最期を迎えなかったことを示唆する。
English: By this rebellion, Koreharu-jo Castle and nearby spots bailed out of the dominion of Ezo for many years but were conquered again later.
Japanese: 反乱によって伊治城とその周辺は何年か中央政府の蝦夷経営の支配を脱したが、やがて再び制圧された。
English: Kenjiro UME (July 24, 1860 - August 26, 1910) was a Japanese jurist.
Japanese: 梅謙次郎（うめけんじろう、1860年7月24日（万延元年6月7日(旧暦)）-1910年（明治43年）8月26日）は、日本の法学者。
English: He studied in France and Germany, and his doctoral thesis written in French "De la transaction" (Japanese title: Wakairon) was highly evaluated even by locals.
Japanese: フランス及びドイツへ留学し、その博士論文『和解論』は現地でも高く評価される。
English: He was one of the three scholars who drew up the Japanese Civil Code, together with Nobushige HOZUMI and Masaakira TOMII, and he was also a drafting member of the Commercial Code.
Japanese: 穂積陳重、富井政章とともに、日本の民法を起草した3人のうちの一人で、商法の起草にも参加。
English: According to "Hoso Yawa" (a night talk about the legal circle) written by Nobushige HOZUMI, Kenjiro UME had a clear head and he drew up the draft of the code very quickly, and in addition, he was ready to listen to the other two members of the drafting committee, Nobushige HOZUMI and Masaakira TOMII, and accepted their criticisms with open mind, even willing to change his own idea.
Japanese: 穂積陳重の『法窓夜話』によると、梅謙次郎は、鋭敏な頭脳を持ち、法文の起草をするのが非常に迅速で、起草委員会では、他の委員である穂積陳重、富井政章の二人の批評を虚心に聞き容れ、自説を改めた。
English: However, once he made out a draft as the final plan of the drafting committee, he obstinately maintained the original plan during the discussions held in the Investigation Committee of Codes, making bold and eloquent counterarguments and persuasive explanations.
Japanese: しかし、一たび起草委員会としての案が決まると、法典調査会での議論においては、勇健な弁舌で反駁、弁解に努め、原案の維持を図った。
English: On the other hand, Masaakira TOMII dedicated himself to write up the text of the code after a thorough deliberation and he did not easily accept the arguments against his idea during the discussion between these three members of the drafting committee.
Japanese: これに対し、富井政章は、法文を沈思熟考の上起草し、起草委員会の三人の議論では、容易に自説を改めなかった。
English: Hozumi looked back on that time and commented that they showed contrasting characters, as Masaakira TOMII was uchibenkei (bossy at home, submissive outside), while Kenjiro UME was sotobenkei (arrogant outside, timid at home), although Hozumi thought that each of the two had a point.
Japanese: それぞれ、一理あるとの理解を示しつつ、梅謙次郎の外弁慶と富井政章の内弁慶ぶりが対照的だったと回顧している。
English: He was born as the second son of a doctor working at a public clinic in the Matsue Domain (present Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture), and after studying at Shimane Prefectural Matsue Kita Senior High School and others, he graduated from the department of French Language of Tokyo School of Foreign Language (of the old system) (present Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) at the top of the class.
Japanese: 松江藩（現･島根県松江市）で藩医の次男として生まれ、島根県立松江北高等学校などを経て東京外国語学校(旧制)（現東京外国語大学）仏語科を首席で卒業
English: In 1889, he finished a doctorate at University of Lyon, France, and he was awarded Vermeil Medal (Medaille de Vermail) from Lyon City.
Japanese: 1889年フランス・リヨン大学で博士号を取得し、リヨンからヴェルメイユ賞碑を受ける
English: In 1894, he became a teacher at Tokyo Law School (present Hosei University), and studied abroad at University of Lyon and Humboldt University of Berlin.
Japanese: 1894年東京法学校（現法政大学）教員、リヨン大学やベルリン大学留学
English: In 1906, invited by Hirobumi ITO, who was Kankoku Tokan (inspector general of Korean Protection Agency; an agency established by the Japanese government to control Korea), he assumed the position of the judicial supreme adviser to the Korean government, and he took part in the compilation of the country's legal codes.
Japanese: 1906年韓国統監だった伊藤博文に請われ韓国政府法律最高顧問に就任、法典編纂に携わる
English: "Shohan Minpoyogi Kan no Ichi: Sosokuhen" (Essential of the Civil Code: the first edition, Vol. One - general rule) (Shinzansha, 1992) ISBN 4882614812
Japanese: 『初版民法要義巻之一總則篇』（信山社、1992年）ISBN4882614812
English: "Shohan Minpoyogi Kan no Ni: Bukkenhen" (Essential of the Civil Code: the first edition, Vol. Two - real right) (Shinzansha, 1992) ISBN 4882614820
Japanese: 『初版民法要義巻之二物權篇』（信山社、1992年）ISBN4882614820
English: "Shohan Minpoyogi Kan no San, Saikenhen" (Essential of the Civil Code: the first edition, Vol. Three - obligatory right) (Shinzansha, 1992) ISBN 4882614839
Japanese: 『初版民法要義巻之三債權篇』（信山社、1992年）ISBN4882614839
English: "Shohan Minpoyogi Kan no Shi, Shinzokuhen" (Essential of the Civil Code: the first edition, Vol. Four - family) (Shinzansha, 1992) ISBN 4882614847
Japanese: 『初版民法要義巻之四親族篇』（信山社、1992年）ISBN4882614847
English: "Nihon Shohogikai [reprinted edition]" (Commentary guide to the Japanese Commercial Code) (Shinsei-shuppan publication, 2001) ISBN 9784915995538
Japanese: 『日本商法義解（復刻版）』（新青出版、2001年）ISBN9784915995538
English: "Nihon Baibaiho [reprinted edition]" (Japanese purchase and sale law) (Shinsei-shuppan publication, 2001) ISBN 9784915995545
Japanese: 『日本賣買法（復刻版）』（新青出版、2001年）ISBN9784915995545
English: "Nihon Minpo Shokohen Kogi [reprinted edition]" (Japanese Civil Code: lecture on evidences) (Shinsei-shuppan publication, 2001) ISBN 9784915995576
Japanese: 『日本民法証拠編講義（復刻版）』（新青出版、2002年）ISBN9784915995576
English: Young-Me LEE: "Kankoku Shihoseido to UME Kenjiro" (South Korean judicial system and Kenjiro UME) (Hosei University Press: 2005) ISBN 9784588635106
Japanese: 李英美（著）『韓国司法制度と梅謙次郎』（法政大学出版局、2005年）ISBN9784588635106
English: [Tokushu]: Minpo 100-nen to Ume Kenjiro' ([Special Feature]: Centenary of the Civil Code and Kenjiro UME), "Horitsujiho" Vol. 70 - 7 (1998)
Japanese: 「（特集）民法100年と梅謙次郎」（『法律時報』70巻7号,1998年）
English: The Kudaranokonikishi was a Japanese clan whose founder Zenko KUDARANOKONIKISHI was a descendent of the last king of Baekje, King Giji.
Japanese: 百済王（くだらのこにきし）氏は、百済最後の王である義慈王直系の百済王善光を始祖とする日本の氏族。
English: The rank Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) or higher was given to those from the Kudaranokonikishi Clan from the beginning, although it was very rare to receive such a high rank among naturalized people who usually remained as lower or middle ranked government officials.
Japanese: 当初より主たる者に従五位下以上が与えられ、中下級官人にとどまる者が多い帰化人のうち別格の地位にあった。
English: As this unique heridetry title, Kudara (meaning King) shows, the clan was seen as the symbol of what used to be Baekje.
Japanese: 王という特殊なカバネの示すとおり、かつての百済を象徴する存在であったと思われる。
English: In 790, when Sugano no Asomi presented a change of the family name to the emperor, there was a name of Jintei KUDARANOKONIKISHI along with successors,and therefore it shows that he was in the highest position, and thus the head of the Kudara Clan ("Shoku Nihongi," July 17).
Japanese: また延暦9年（790年）菅野朝臣の改姓上表で百済王仁貞らが後継者然と名を連ねていることより、百済系氏族の長的地位にあったことが知られる（『続日本紀』七月一七日条）。
English: In the early Heian Period, because a mother of the Emperor Kanmu (TAKANO no Niigasa) was Baekje Japanese, the emperor stated that 'the descendants of Kudaranokoshiki Clan are our relatives,' and thus recieved special treatment (on Febuary 27).
Japanese: 平安時代は、初期とくに桓武天皇の母（高野新笠）が百済系和氏であったため「百済王等者朕之外戚也。」（同二月二七日条）と厚遇を受けた。
English: Their daughters were sent to Emperor Kanmu and Emperor Saga to become their wives in order to build connections on personal levels in which they gained prosperity.
Japanese: 女子を桓武天皇・嵯峨天皇の後宮に入れ、天皇と私的なつながりを結んで繁栄を得た。
English: There are numerous historical records after the reign of Emperor Kanmu regarding the emperor going to Katano in Kawachi Province (the birthplace of the Kudaranokonikishi Clan) for hunting purposes.
Japanese: 本貫地河内国交野への天皇遊猟の記事は桓武朝以降、国史に多数見られる。
English: Although their base was in Nanba at first, it was later moved to Nakamiyago, Kitagawachi Katano District (now known as Nakamiya, Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture), and Shibyo of Kudaranokonikishi and Hyakusai-ji Temple were constructed there.
Japanese: 百済王氏の本拠地は当初難波にあったが、その後北河内交野郡中宮郷（現・大阪府枚方市中宮）に本拠を移し、この地に百済王の祀廟と百済寺を建立した。
English: They participated in the management of Tohoku region and the Seii project by Shuntettu being Commander-in-Chief of the Defense as well as Seii Fukushi and Mukyo being the governor of Dewa Province in the late Nara Period, and they held their positions as middle ranked nobles until the mid Heian Period.
Japanese: 奈良時代末期には俊哲が陸奥鎮守将軍征夷副使などに任じ、武鏡は出羽国守となるなど、敬福以来東北地方の経営と征夷事業に関わり、平安時代中期まで中級貴族として存続した。
English: When Shuntetsu went on an expedition as a vice-shogun (SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro being shogun) to Hitakami Province, some members of the Kudaranokonikishi Clan or their relatives settled down in the Kitagami Basin, and therefore those who have Kudara as their last names are still seen in southern parts of Iwate Prefecture.
Japanese: なお、俊哲が坂上田村麻呂の副将軍として日高見国へ遠征したことから、百済王氏の一部かその縁者が北上盆地に定住し、岩手県南部各地に現在でも百済姓を名乗る者が散見される。
English: Buyeo PUNG: a brother of Zenko who was held as a hostage with his brother in Japan, yet later returned with a former Baekje retainer, Fukushin KISHITSU.
Japanese: 扶余豊璋：善光の兄で、善光と共に倭国の人質となっていたが、鬼室福信ら百済遺臣に迎えられて帰国する。
English: Kakuzaemon NITTA (date of birth unknown-August 23, 1864) was a member of the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 新田革左衛門（にったかくざえもん、生年不詳-元治元年7月22日(旧暦)（1864年8月23日）頃）は、新選組平隊士。
English: Because he was seriously injured in the fight, however, he died at the headquarters of the Shinsengumi in late August (around 23rd).
Japanese: しかし、戦闘の最中深手を負い、その後、七月下旬（22日頃）に屯所で死亡した。
English: Tanetatsu AKIZUKI (November 28, 1833-October 17, 1904) was a Japanese politician at the end of the Edo period and in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 秋月種樹（あきづきたねたつ、天保4年10月17日(旧暦)（1833年11月28日）-明治37年（1904年）10月17日）は、幕末・明治期の日本の政治家。
English: Kagenori NIRE (April 6, 1831-November 22, 1900) was a samurai at the end of the Edo period and a navy officer in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 仁礼景範（にれかげのり、正字体：仁禮、天保2年2月24日(旧暦)（1831年4月6日）-明治33年（1900年）11月22日）は、江戸時代末期の武士、明治時代の海軍軍人。
English: When the Sakuhei Gate Incident took place, and Aizu Domain, which served as Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto), raided on the house of Shinbei TANAKA, a suspected mastermind of the incident, Kagenori NIRE, who met with Shinbei TANAKA, and his servant Taro were arrested and detained.
Japanese: 朔平門外の変では、京都守護職の会津藩が容疑者とされた田中新兵衛の寓居を急襲した際に、田中新兵衛と一緒にいた、仁礼景範も下僕の太郎ともども逮捕され連行された。
English: Later, he held various naval posts such as the principal of the Navy Academy, the Commander-in-chief of the Tokai Chinjuzu (Defense Headquarters), the commander of the middle-level fleets, and the director of the Military Affairs Bureau.
Japanese: のち、海軍兵学校(日本)校長、東海鎮守府長官、中艦隊司令官、軍事部長など。
English: From 1886, he held various naval posts such as the vice-chief of the Staff Headquarters, the head of the Navy Staff Headquarters, the Commander-in-chief of the Yokosuka Chinjufu, and the principal of the Naval Staff College.
Japanese: 1886年より参謀本部次長、海軍参謀本部長、横須賀鎮守府長官、海軍大学校長などを歴任。
English: Facing accusations by political parties and civil officers of his lack of passion for Navy reforms, Kagenori announced his resignation.
Japanese: さらに民党や文官側より、海軍行革に不熱心との批判を受けて辞意を表明。
English: His resignation was accepted by Hirobumi ITO, who wanted to pursue Navy reforms, a policy pledge at the preceding Imperial decree, and tried to headhunt Tsugumichi SAIGO, kaito (party leader) of the opposite Nation Association.
Japanese: 伊藤博文は先の和協詔勅において、政府の公約であった海軍行革の推進と野党の国民協会_(日本)の会頭（党首）・西郷従道の引抜きを図るために辞任を認めた。
English: Shimenosuke SANO (1836-July 15, 1867) was a Hira Taishi (Regimental Soldier), belonging to Kashitaro ITO's faction of the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 佐野七五三之助（さのしめのすけ、天保7年（1836年）-慶応3年6月14日(旧暦)（1867年7月15日））は、新選組平隊士で伊東甲子太郎派の隊士。
English: Shimenosuke was born as a legitimate child of Iyo no Kami (Governor of Iyo Province), Ienori TERANISHI, who was a Shinto priest in Sunari Village, Ama County, Owari Province (currently Aichi Prefecture).
Japanese: 尾張国（現在の愛知県）海部郡須成村の神職、寺西伊予守家班の嫡子として生まれる。
English: After his father died at the age of 55 in 1850, he, who aspired to the thought of Sonno Joi (antiforeigner faction), changed his name to Shimenosuke SANO and left for Edo.
Japanese: 嘉永3年父が55歳で死去した後、尊皇攘夷を志し、名前を佐野七五三之助と改めて江戸へ出奔。
English: Given no chance to participate in the Sonno Joi movement, he took on a role of guarding the residential area for foreigners in Yokohama City around 1863 and then became acquainted with Kashitaro ITO and Tainoshin SHINOHARA.
Japanese: 尊王攘夷の機会を得ず、文久3年（1863年）頃、横浜の外人居留地警備の役目を担った時、伊東や篠原泰之進らと出会う。
English: After the goryo-eji members such as ITO walked out of the Shinsengumi in April 1867, he remained in the Shinsengumi on a secret mission from the seceders.
Japanese: 慶応3年3月に伊東ら御陵衛士が新選組を脱退した際は、密命を受けて新選組に残留。
English: When promotion of the Shinsengumi members to Shogun's retainers was decided on July 11, 1867, SANO, together with Tsukasa IBARAKI, Juro Tomikawa and Goro NAKAMURA, protested it and tried to depart from the Shinsengumi to join the goryo-eji group, but the rule agreed upon between theShinsengumi and the goryo-eji group did not allow them to do so.
Japanese: 6月10日の新選組幕臣取立てに反対して御陵衛士に参加しようとするが、規定によって断られた。
English: Consequently, SANO killed himself by disembowelment, together with the others, inside of the residence of the Aizu Domain in Kyoto City (It is also said that they were barbarously murdered by Kuwajiro OISHI and other members of the Shinsengumi).
Japanese: 茨木司・富川十郎・中村五郎らと共に、会津藩邸内にて切腹した（異説では、新選組隊士大石鍬次郎らに惨殺されたとも）。
English: It is said that at the moment when OISHI came to confirm death of SANO, SANO was revived to slash at OISHI (In the theory that he was barbarously killed by OISHI, it is said that SANO, at the moment when his belly was pierced with a spear by OISHI, rallied his last bit of strength and drew his sword to slash at OISHI and injured him).
Japanese: 佐野は、大石が検死にやってきた時に一旦甦り、大石に斬りかかったと言われる（大石に惨殺されたとする説では、佐野は大石に槍で腹を刺し抜かれたが、必死の抜打ちで、大石に手傷を負わせたと言われている）。
English: His death poem is "I, as samurai, was determined not to live a double-hearted life but to dedicate my life toward my only destination."
Japanese: 辞世の句は「二張の弓引かましと　武士（もののふ）のただ一筋に思ひ切るなり」。
English: In a collection of death poems published in 1868 was found another death poem of SANO having a meaning different from the above poem.
Japanese: 慶応四年に発刊された辞世集で上記の内容と異なる辞世であったことが書き残されているものも見つかっている。
English: His body, which had once been buried in Koen-ji Temple by the Shinsengumi, was reburied in Kaiko-ji Temple by Mikisaburo SUZUKI and others.
Japanese: 遺骸は新選組の手によって光緑寺に葬られたが、鈴木三樹三郎らの手によって戒光寺に改葬された。
English: It is said that he could not succeed to the Mito Domain because he was treated as the eldest child out of wedlock by Yorifusa who had consideration about the feelings of his older brothers Yoshinao TOKUGAWA and Yorinobu TOKUGAWA who had no son.
Japanese: 頼房が兄である徳川義直・徳川頼宣に男子がいないのを憚って庶長子として扱ったため、水戸藩を継承することができなかったといわれている。
English: However, he received suitable treatment for the eldest son of Yorifusa such as receiving the fief of Takamatsu in Sanuki Province yielding 120,000-koku (a unit of volume of rice) which was an important place for the Shikoku region after receiving the fief of Shimodate in the Hitachi Province yielding 50,000-koku.
Japanese: しかし、常陸下館5万石を経て四国の要地である讃岐高松で12万石を与えられるなど、頼房長男に相応しい待遇を得る。
English: His own sons, Tsunakata TOKUGAWA and Tsunaeda TOKUGAWA were later adopted to Mitsukuni and Tsunaeda succeeded to the Mito Domain.
Japanese: のち実子の徳川綱方、徳川綱條が光圀の養子となり、水戸藩家督は綱條が継ぐ。
English: 1642: He was relocated to the Takamatsu Domain in Sanuki Province yielding 120,000-koku (on June 25).
Japanese: 1642年（寛永19年）：讃岐高松12万石転封（5月28日(旧暦)）
English: 1673: He was retired (on April 6) and entered into priesthood on April 15.
Japanese: 1673年（延宝元年）：隠居（2月19日(旧暦)）、同月28日、出家。
English: On November 2, 1638, he received Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed to Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices).
Japanese: 1638年（寛永15年）11月2日、従五位下に叙し、右京大夫に任官。
English: He was promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and was transferred to Kyoto to be Sakone gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 1656年（明暦2年）2月25日、従四位上に昇叙し、左近衛権少将に遷任。
English: In 1644, nine years before Tamagawa Josui Water Supply was installed, he laid on the Japan's first full-scale water supplies with water measures and pipes which were installed by Heiroku YANO underground by the order from Yorishige in the castle town of the Takamatsu-jo Castle which has suffered from water shortage up to the present.
Japanese: 玉川上水より9年早い時期の正保元年（1644年）、矢延平六に命じて、現代まで水不足で知られる高松城下に配水枡・配水管を地中埋設した日本で初めてといわれる本格的な上水道を敷設している。
English: Baigan ISHIDA (October 12, 1685 - October 29, 1744) was a thinker and ethicist of the Edo period.
Japanese: 石田梅岩（いしだばいがん、貞享2年9月15日(旧暦)（1685年10月12日）-延享元年9月24日(旧暦)（1744年10月29日））は江戸時代の思想家、倫理学。
English: He was born in Toge-mura, Kuwata County, the Province of Tanba (present Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture) as a peasant's second son.
Japanese: 丹波国桑田郡東懸村（現：京都府亀岡市）に、百姓の次男として生まれる。
English: He started to follow the way to a thinker, studying under a lay Buddhist scholar Ryoun OGURI whom he met in 1727.
Japanese: 1727年に出逢った在家の仏教者小栗了雲に師事して思想家への道を歩み始める。
English: At the age of 45, he hosted a free lecture at his rented residence and taught the thought called Sekimon-shingaku.
Japanese: 45歳の時に借家の自宅で無料講座を開き、石門心学と呼ばれる思想を説いた。
English: This philosophy was based on the concept that 'learning is to do one's best and to understand nature'; in other words, this philosophy requires learning about nature and the law wherein mind and nature are united to form order.
Japanese: すなわち「学問とは心を尽くし性を知る」として心が自然と一体になり秩序をかたちづくる性理の学としている。
English: Initially it was only for the men; then women were allowed to listen to the lecture in another room behind the shoji (partitions that can divide the interior of a building into separate rooms) since many women desired to attend.
Japanese: 当初は男子のみを対象としていたが、聴講を望む婦女子多く、障子越しの別室にて拝聴を許された。
English: Shosan SUZUKI's duty theory, which was a similar thought and preceded Ishida's, did not fully explain the duty of merchants among Shinokosho (hereditary four-status order consisting of warrior-rulers, peasants, artisans, and merchants).
Japanese: 同様の思想で石田に先行する鈴木正三の職分説が士農工商のうち商人の職分を巧く説明出来なかった。
English: He had established point of view, "commercial essence is the broking business of exchange, and the importance is not inferior to other duties in any way," and gained merchant's support.
Japanese: 「商業の本質は交換の仲介業であり、その重要性は他の職分に何ら劣るものではない」という立場を打ち立てて、商人の支持を集めた。
English: It produced many talented persons, including Toan TEJIMA (1718-86), a kimono fabrics dealer of Kyoto, Shoo FUSE (1725-84), author of 'Shoo Dowa,' Kyuo SHIBATA (1783--1839), author of one of the best Shin school (Mind school) dowa (talks on the way) 'Kyuo Dowa,' Zenmon Saito and Urin Oshima.
Japanese: 京都呉服商人の手島堵庵(1718--86)、をはじめ「松翁道話」を著した布施松翁(1725--84)、心学道話の最高峰とされる「鳩翁道話」の柴田鳩翁(1783--1839)、このほかに・斎藤全門・大島有隣等優れた人材を輩出した。