nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The name came from an anecdote that a dragonfly perched on its tip and was split in two.
Japanese: 穂先に止まったトンボ（とんぼ）が真っ二つになったという逸話から、この名が付いた。
English: It was a long spear that had a blade with a length of 43.8 cm in the shape of a bamboo leaf and had an inscription on the shaft that read, "Made by FUJIWARA no Masazane," allegedly a Muramasa group member.
Japanese: 茎には村正の一派と言われる『藤原正真作』の銘があり、刃長43.8cmの笹穂型の大身槍である。
English: However, in his later years as his physical strength began to decline, he shortened the hilt of the spear, saying 'The best spear is the one that fits your strength.'
Japanese: しかし、晩年にはやはり体力の衰えが出てきたと見え、「槍は自分の力に合うものが一番」と言って槍の柄を短く詰めてしまった。
English: Naomasa II was a busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in the Azuchi-Momoyama and early Edo periods.
Japanese: 井伊直政（いいなおまさ）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期にかけての武将・大名。
English: Even though he was a young military commander from Iinoya, Totoumi Province, he was recorded in Ryueihikan as a fudai (hereditary daimyo) of Mikawa Okazaki along with the Sakakibara Clan and the Torii Clan (the oldest fudai was the Anjo fudai).
Japanese: 遠江国井伊谷の出身で若手の武将でありながら、柳営秘鑑では榊原氏や鳥居氏と並び、三河岡崎御普代として記載されている（譜代の最古参は、安城譜代）。
English: He also became a paragon of the Ii clan, which supported Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a head fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) in the Edo period, and founded the base of modern day Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture and Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture.
Japanese: また、江戸時代に譜代大名の筆頭として、江戸幕府を支えた井伊氏の手本となった人物であり、現在の群馬県高崎市と滋賀県彦根市の発展の基礎を築いた人物でもある。
English: On March 14, 1561, he was born in Iinoya, Totoumi Province (modern day Iinoya Inasa Kita Ward, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture), the first son to Naochika II, a vassal of the Imagawa clan,.
Japanese: 永禄4年（1561年）2月19日、今川氏の家臣である井伊直親の長男として、遠江国井伊谷（現在の静岡県浜松市北区(浜松市)引佐町井伊谷）で生まれる。
English: The Ii clan had been kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) of Iinoya, Totoumi Province for generations and Naomasa's grandfather (or one of Naomasa's family members) Naomori II died at the Battle of Okehazama, serving as a vassal of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.
Japanese: 井伊氏は先祖代々、遠江国井伊谷の国人領主であり、直政の祖父（または一族）井伊直盛は今川義元に仕えて桶狭間の戦いで戦死した。
English: In 1562, the year after Naomasa was born, his father Naochika II was killed by Ujizane IMAGAWA on suspicion of rebellion.
Japanese: 父の井伊直親は、直政の生まれた翌、永禄5年（1562年）に謀反の嫌疑を受けて今川氏真に誅殺される。
English: When Naochika died, the bereaved child Naomasa (Toramatsu at the time) was only 2 years old, and so Yuenni, Naochika's cousin, became the family head, naming himself Naotora II.
Japanese: 直親の死によって、遺児直政（当時の名は虎松）は僅か2歳であったため、新たに直親の従兄妹に当たる祐圓尼が井伊直虎と名乗り、井伊氏の当主となった。
English: After that Naomasa lost his family name Ii, and renamed himself Toramatsu MATSUSHITA because his real mother had married Kiyokage MATSUSHITA, a vassal of the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: その後、直政の生母が今川氏の家臣である松下清景と再婚したため、直政は井伊の姓を失い、松下虎松と名乗るようになる。
English: Later, the Ii clan lost the territory of Iinoya and the Imagawa clan tried to kill the still young Naomasa, but he was saved by Chikanori NIINO, and then adopted by Naotora, his foster mother.
Japanese: しかし、やがて井伊氏は井伊谷の所領を失い、まだ幼かった直政も今川氏に命を狙われる日々を送っていたが、新野親矩に救出されて、その後は養母である直虎に育てられた。
English: In 1575, he was found by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and ordered to revert back to his family name Ii, so he changed his name from Toramatsu and renamed himself Manchiyo II.
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）、徳川家康に見出され、井伊の姓に復帰を命じられるとともに虎松を万千代と改めて、井伊万千代と名乗るようになる。
English: Moreover, he was selected as Ieyasu's page, and given Iinoya, which was a former Ii clan territory.
Japanese: さらにかつての井伊氏の旧領である井伊谷を与えられ、家康の小姓として取り立てられた。
English: In the same year, he formally became the head of the family, as his foster mother Naotora died.
Japanese: 同年、家督を代行していた養母の直虎が亡くなったため、正式に当主となった。
English: Naomasa gained public reputation through distinguished military service in battles against the Takeda clan, such as the capturing of Takatenjin-jo Castle, and for killing ninja who had been sneaking in to the bedroom of Ieyasu.
Japanese: 直政は、高天神城の攻略を初めとする武田氏との戦いで数々の戦功（家康の寝所に忍び込んで来た武田軍の忍者の討ち取りなど）を立ててその名を轟かせた。
English: In 1582, he finally celebrated his coming of age, and began naming himself Naomasa II, changing Manchiyo to Naomasa.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）22歳の時にようやく元服を終え、万千代を直政に改めて、井伊直政と名乗るようになる。
English: In the same year, he married Hana (later Tobaiin), who was an adopted daughter of Ieyasu and the real daughter of Yasuchika MATSUDAIRA.
Japanese: また、この年に家康の養女で松平康親の娘である花（後の唐梅院）と結婚する。
English: After that, he was assigned as Hatamoto Sakiteyaku (a Hatamoto vassal of the shogun, who leads the way), thus becoming a comrade of Tadakatsu HONDA and Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA.
Japanese: その後、旗本先手役に任ぜられて、家康子飼いの武将である本多忠勝や榊原康政の同僚となる。
English: In the same year, he returned to Mikawa Province from Sakai, where he had been staying, following Ieyasu's crossing over Iga in the Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: 同年の本能寺の変では、家康の伊賀越えに従い、無事に滞在先の堺から三河国に帰還する。
English: After the fall of the Takeda clan, he showed his political ability as an envoy for Tokugawa by negotiating with the Gohojo clan.
Japanese: さらに武田氏が滅亡した後、後北条氏との交渉で徳川方の使者として政治的手腕としての実力を発揮し、家康が武田氏の旧領である信濃国、甲斐国を併合すると、武田家の旧臣達を多数与力に付属され、山県昌景の朱色の軍装を復活させて赤備え（いいのあかぞなえ）と呼ばれる精鋭部隊の大将となった。
English: He was so strict with his vassals that he relentlessly punished those who had made even a slight mistake in battle as well as being fond of leading battles from the front, and had many other character defects.
Japanese: 直政は家臣に非常に厳しく、少しでも戦で失敗をした者がいれば容赦せず処罰し、一軍の将となっても自ら先陣に立って戦うことを好むなど激烈な性格で、短所も多かった。
English: Therefore, he seldom stayed back in camp and led a battle, and this role was instead filled by Morikatsu KIMATA, Hitto karo (the head chief retainer) of the Ii clan.
Japanese: そのため、戦の際に陣に留まって、指揮を執ることはほとんどなく、井伊氏の筆頭家老である木俣守勝がその役目を果たしていたという。
English: However, it is said this tendency made him able to perform distinguished war services.
Japanese: しかし、かえってそのような性格をしていたために大きな戦功を立てることができたのだとも言われている。
English: In the Battle of Komaki-Nagakute in 1584, he lead Ii's Akazonae (red arms) for the first time and killed Tsuneoki IKEDA, making him renowned around the country.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）の小牧・長久手の戦いでは初めて井伊の赤備えを率いて池田恒興を討ち取るなどの武功を挙げ、一躍天下に名を知られるようになる。
English: His military and political ability was highly valued by even Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and he was promoted to Jugoinoge Juji (Chamberlain at Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) of Hyobusho (ministry of the military), as Ieyasu reached a settlement with Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 直政の武力・政治的手腕は、豊臣秀吉にも高く評価され、家康と秀吉が和解すると、従五位下侍従・兵部省に叙任される。
English: Naomasa was acclaimed for his distinguished war services; though he was a newcomer, he made his name in the Siege of Odawara in 1590 by attacking Odawara-jo Castle at night and being the only commander to breach the castle's defenses.
Japanese: 直政は新参ながら数々の戦功を評価され、天正18年（1590年）の小田原の役では数ある武将の中で唯一夜襲をかけて小田原城内にまで攻め込んだ武将としてその名を天下に轟かせる。
English: Naomasa was then given Minowa, Kozuke Province's 120,000 koku crop yields (Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture) as Ieyasu entered Edo and replaced the Gohojo clan.
Japanese: その後、後北条氏に代わって家康が江戸に入ると、直政は上野国箕輪12万石（群馬県高崎市）を与えられる。
English: Only 3 vassals of the Tokugawa clan were given territories of 100,000 koku crop yields or more: Naomasa, Tadakatsu HONDA and Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA.
Japanese: なお、徳川氏の家臣の中で10万石以上の領土を与えられた者は、直政、本多忠勝、榊原康政の3人だけである。
English: In 1598, under orders from Ieyasu, he abandoned Minowa-jo Castle, rebuilt Wada-jo Castle in the south into Takasaki-jo Castle and moved into Takasaki, changing its name from Wada to Takasaki.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）には、家康の命によって、箕輪城を廃し、南の和田城を改築して高崎城とし、和田を高崎と改めて高崎に移る（地名の由来に関しては群馬県高崎市の項目を参照）。
English: At the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he accompanied Ieyasu's main force, and was assigned as Assistant Deputy General of the Eastern Camp along with Tadakatsu HONDA, becoming a key player in the command the Eastern Camp.
Japanese: 慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いでは家康本軍に随行し、本多忠勝と共に東軍の軍監に任命され、東軍指揮の中心的存在となった。
English: He covertly made territorial lords from around the country friends of the Eastern Camp, and assisted Ieyasu's 4th son Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA (Naomasa's son-in-law) well in the battle by spearheading the Eastern Camp along with Tadayoshi instead of Masanori FUKUSHIMA, who was originally supposed to lead (normally, Naoyoshi and Tadayoshi would have been punished for violation of a military order, however, Ieyasu accepted Naoyoshi's conduct and didn't punish them).
Japanese: 同時に全国の諸大名を東軍につける工作を行い、また合戦においても家康の四男・松平忠吉（直政の娘婿）をよく補佐して忠吉と共に当初、東軍の先鋒を任されていた福島正則を差し置いて先鋒を務めた（本来ならば、直政も忠吉も軍令違反で処罰の対象になるが、家康は直政の駆け抜けを認めたため、処罰を命じなかった）。
English: The latter is widely accepted these days (it is also said Naomasa was determined to fight against Yoshihiro's army from the beginning of the battle).
Japanese: 最近では島津義弘の軍と戦ったという説が有力であるとされている（直政は開戦当初から義弘の軍と戦う決意を固めていたとも言われている）。
English: However, whilst in pursuit of Yoshihiro's army, he was shot in the right elbow (right shoulder or left arm depending on the source document) by Yoshihiro's musket troops, and fell from his horse.
Japanese: しかし、義弘の軍を追撃している際に義弘の軍の鉄砲隊が撃った銃弾が右肘関節（記述によっては右肩または左腕）に命中し、落馬してしまう。
English: After the Battle of Sekigahara, he was given the 180,000 koku crop yield territory of Sawayama Omi Province (Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture), a former territory of Mitsunari ISHIDA, for services including making peace with Terumoto MORI, supreme commander of the Western Camp, supporting Kazutoyo YAMAUCHI in entering Tosa Province, mediating peace negotiations between the Tokugawa clan and the Shimazu clan to heal the wounds of war (Naomasa died before the peace negotiations were completed and Masanobu HONDA took over his task), and for his efforts in laying the groundwork for the Edo Shogunate.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いの後は西軍の総大将を務めた毛利輝元との講和、山内一豊の土佐入国の援助、徳川氏と島津氏の和平交渉の仲立ち（直政自身は和平交渉が完全に終了する前に亡くなったので、その後の和平交渉の仲立ちの役目は本多正信に引き継がれた）などと言った戦後処理と江戸幕府の基礎固めに尽力し、これらの功によって、石田三成の旧領である近江国佐和山（滋賀県彦根市）18万石を与えられた。
English: Around that time, Ieyasu brought together his six chief vassals; Naomasa, Tadachika OKUBO, Masanobu HONDA, Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, Tadakatsu HONDA and Chikayoshi HIRAIWA, to ask who he ought to make his successor, and Naomasa recommended his son-in-law Tadayoshi.
Japanese: また、この頃家康が直政・大久保忠隣・本多正信・榊原康政・本多忠勝・平岩親吉ら六人の重臣を呼び集め、自分の世嗣を誰にするか尋ねているが、直政はこの時自分の娘婿である忠吉を推している。
English: Naomasa died on March 24, 1602, probably from overwork in serving Ieyasu for many years, and tetanus caused by the bullet wound he received from Yoshihiro's musket troops while chasing his army.
Japanese: 慶長7年（1602年）2月1日に、おそらくは長年の家康に対する奉公による過労と島津義弘の軍を追撃していた際に義弘の軍の鉄砲隊が撃った銃弾による鉄砲傷が癒えないまま、破傷風が元で死去した。
English: After Naomasa's death, there was a rumor among the local people that the ghost of Mitsunari was wandering around the castle town, and upon hearing this rumor Ieyasu ordered the disposal of everything related to Mitsunari, including Sawayama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 直政が死去した当初、地元の民衆達の間で三成の亡霊が城下を彷徨っているという噂が広まって、このことが家康の耳に入り、家康の命によって、佐和山城を始めとする三成に関係する物の全てを廃した。
English: From that point onwards, the area thrived as the domain of the Ii clan until the Meiji period.
Japanese: それ以来、この地は明治時代になるまで井伊氏の藩として大いに栄えることとなった。
English: It is said Ieyasu put the Ii clan, which had been a pro-Imperial family for generations, in Hikone near Kyoto to protect the Imperial family in times of emergency, which suggests that the Ii family had gained the strong confidence of the Tokugawa clan.
Japanese: 家康は、非常時に皇室を守るため、京都に近い彦根に代々勤皇の家柄である井伊家を配したと伝えられ、これを見ても徳川家から強い信頼を受けていたと考えられる。
English: It is also said Naoyasu, who boasted the strongest forces among the vassals of Ieyasu, was placed on the path between Hokuriku and Kyoto to prevent the formidable enemy the Uesugi clan from coming to Kyoto.
Japanese: また、強敵である上杉氏の上洛を阻止するべく、家康家臣団中最強の軍勢を誇る直政を北陸と京都を結ぶ経路上に配したのだとも言われている。
English: Actually, it was Ieyasu who assigned Naotaka II, the second son of Naomasa, as the second lord of Hikone Domain (the third lord, depending on the source document).
Japanese: 実際、直政の次男である井伊直孝を彦根藩の第2代藩主（記述によっては第3代藩主）に命じたのは家康である。
English: It was Naokatsu II who succeeded as head of the family, however, after Naokatsu retired due to poor health, his little brother Naotaka II took over and his descendants became the lord of the Hikone domain.
Japanese: 家督は長男の井伊直勝が継いだが、病弱であったため、家康の命により、直勝は隠居して直勝の弟・井伊直孝が家督を継ぐこととなり、直孝の子孫が彦根藩主を継承することとなる。
English: The descendants of Naokatsu endured first as the lords of the Annaka Domain, then as the lords of the Nishio Domain, the lords of the Kakegawa Domain, and finally as the lords of the Yoita Domain.
Japanese: 直勝の子孫は、安中藩主→西尾藩主→掛川藩主→与板藩主として存続した。
English: After the Naomasa's death, his descendants abandoned Sawayama-jo Castle and built Hikone-jo Castle, then after the Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) their koku crop yield was gradually increased from 180,000 to 350,000 including incremental 50,000 koku three times, and they became Daidaimyo (a feudal lord having a greater stipend) of Hikone Domain.
Japanese: 直政の死後、直政の子孫は、佐和山城を廃して彦根城を築き、彦根藩18万石から大坂の役の後に5万石ずつ加増されて彦根藩35万石の大大名となった。
English: They wielded influence in the politics of the Shogunate as heads of the fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family), producing five Tairo (chief ministers), including Naosuke II, during the 264 years of the Edo period (there are arguments for and against whether Naotaka became Tairo or not).
Japanese: 彼らは、譜代大名の筆頭として幕政に重きをなし、江戸時代264年間を通じて井伊直弼など5名の大老を輩出した（直孝が大老になったかどうかは賛否両論ある）。
English: However, the Tokugawa clan reduced the Ii clan's territory by 100,000 koku crop yields as punishment and began to give them the cold shoulder after Naosuke carried out Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) in 1859, and was assassinated in the Sakuradamongai Incident in 1860.
Japanese: しかし、直弼が安政6年（1859年）に安政の大獄を起こし、その後、安政7年（1860年）の桜田門外の変で暗殺された後、10万石の減封を受け、徳川氏から冷遇されるようになった。
English: After that, the Ii clan spearheaded an army of former bakufu in the Boshin War, and went over to the side of the new government army during the war.
Japanese: その後、戊辰戦争では最初は旧幕府軍の先鋒を務めたが、戦いの最中に新政府軍に寝返った。
English: It is said that when that happened all Ii's troops took off every piece of equipment, including helmets and armour, that displayed Ii's Akazonae (red arms), the symbol of the Ii clan.
Japanese: この時、井伊隊に属していた兵の全員が井伊氏の象徴とも言える井伊の赤備えの兜や鎧を始めとする全ての装備品を脱ぎ捨てたという。
English: Ieyasu fell for the beauty of a boy who was there.
Japanese: すると、家康はそこにいた少年のあまりの美しさに本気で惚れ込んでしまった。
English: Later, knowing that Naomasa was really the son of Naochika II, who had been killed on suspicion of collaborating with him after the Battle of Okehazama, Ieyasu took Naomasa as his pageboy (child page) and loved him as a sexual partner.
Japanese: その後、家康は直政がかつて桶狭間の戦いの後に自分と内通していた疑いで殺害された井伊直親の実子であることを知り、直政を自分の小姓（児小姓）として取り立て、衆道相手として深く寵愛したという。
English: It is said Naomasa was the only man Ieyasu, who didn't much like homosexuality, loved; though homosexuality was so common in samurai society at that time that it was regarded as one of a samurai's accomplishments, and being loved by a lord was the fastest way to advance (other examples include Nobunaga ODA and Toshiie MAEDA, Kagekatsu UESUGI and Naganori KIYONO, Masamune DATE and Shigetsuna KATAKURA/Sakujuro TADANO).
Japanese: 当時の武士階級では衆道は武士の嗜みともいわれるほど一般的であり、主君の寵童出身であることは出世への近道でもあったが（その例として織田信長‐前田利家など、上杉景勝‐清野長範、伊達政宗‐片倉重綱・只野作十郎が挙げられる）、直政は衆道をあまり好まなかった家康が唯一愛した男性だとも言われている。
English: The fact that Naomasa served Ieyasu not only in battles, but also in politics and private life, shows that he never left Ieyasu's side.
Japanese: 直政は常に家康の片腕として彼の下を離れず、戦だけでなく、政治や私生活の面でも全力で家康のために働き続けたことがその証拠と言える。
English: He held a deep grudge against Kazumasa ISHIKAWA, who betrayed Ieyasu and became a vassal of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: また、家康を裏切り、秀吉の下に寝返って家臣となった石川数正には激しい憎しみを抱いていた。
English: Naomasa actually vented his anger at Kazumasa on one occasion (see "Personality and Anecdotes" for further information).
Japanese: 実際に直政は、自分の怒りを数正にぶつけたことがあった（詳細は「人物・逸話」の項目を参照）。
English: Ieyasu thought much of Naomasa's military power and political ability, and continued to watch over and treat Naomasa as if he was his own son or lover.
Japanese: なお、家康自身も直政の武力や政治的手腕における才能を高く評価し、直政を我が子または恋人のような扱いをして見守り続けていた。
English: From examples such as these, we can see that Naomasa was Ieyasu's most trusted vassal.
Japanese: これらのようなことから、直政は家康に最も厚く信頼されていた家臣だとされている。
English: It began in 1582, when a peace treaty with the Gohojo clan led to about 120 former vassals of the Takeda clan and part of Ieyasu's hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) being combined.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）の後北条氏との講和によって、武田氏の旧臣達約120人と家康の旗本の一部が配属されたことから始まる。
English: At that time, Naomasa had all equipment used in battle, such as helmets and armor, colored uniformly red.
Japanese: この時、直政は兜や鎧を始めとする戦で使用する全ての装備品を赤色で統一させた。
English: The reason for this was to fulfill the wish of Masakage YAMAGATA, former head of the Akazonae, and also because red stands out, making it easy for him to know his soldiers location at a glance during battle.
Japanese: これはかつて赤備えの将であった山県昌景の意志を継ぐという意味もあったが、その他に赤色だと目立ちやすく、戦の最中にどこに自分の部下達がいるのかが一目で分かるという意味もあった。
English: Ii's Akazonae (red arms) had such great success in their first engagement at the Battle of Komaki-Nagakute that Hideyoshi HASHIBA, supreme commander of a Hashiba army that consisted of nearly 10 times as many soldiers as the allied forces of Tokugawa and Oda, and his busho (Japanese military commanders) were said to have trouble with them.
Japanese: 初陣の小牧・長久手の戦いでは大いに活躍し、徳川・織田連合軍の約10倍近くの兵を有していた羽柴軍の総大将である羽柴秀吉（後の豊臣秀吉）やその配下の武将達もこの井伊の赤備えには、大変手こずったという。
English: After that, Ii's Akazonae (red arms) became greatly feared by other territorial lords, and came to be called "the most elite force in the Sengoku" or "the strongest of Tokugawa's vassals' forces".
Japanese: この頃から井伊の赤備えは、『戦国屈指の精鋭部隊』または、『徳川家臣団最強の部隊』と見なされ、諸大名に恐れられるようになる。
English: When Naomasa was still Ieyasu's pageboy, he was invited along with other young busho (Japanese military commanders) to Tadayo OKUBO's camp and presented with potato soup.
Japanese: 直政がまだ家康の小姓だった頃、大久保忠世の陣中に招かれて他の若手の武将とともに芋汁を振舞われた。
English: However, because it was a battlefield, the miso (bean paste) was salted rice-bran paste and the leaves or stems of potatoes were used in the soup.
Japanese: だが、戦場の事であり味噌は糠味噌、具は芋の葉や茎が混ざったものであった。
English: When Tadayo asked what was wrong with Naomasa, he replied, "Do you have any soy sauce?"
Japanese: 忠世がどうしたのかを尋ねると、直政は「醤油はありませんか」と応じた。
English: Having heard what Naomasa said, the other busho (Japanese military commanders) criticized Naomasa saying "How could we have soy sauce on a battlefield?"
Japanese: このことを聞いた他の武将達は「ここは戦場だと言うのにそのような物があるわけがないだろう」と口々に直政を非難した。
English: Others treated Naomasa harshly because he was exceptionally selected although he was a newcomer and young, and also he was strict with his subordinates.
Japanese: 新参でありながらも若くして選抜され、部下にも厳しかった直政に対する周囲の目は厳しかった。
English: After that, he became stricter with himself and his subordinates.
Japanese: これ以後、直政はよりいっそう自分にも部下にも厳しくなっていくのである（ちなみに、ここで伝えられる醤油は、味噌を作る際の「たまり」であるため、現在の醤油とは異なる。
English: (Incidentally, the soy sauce referred to here was 'rich soy sauce' used to make miso paste, which was different from today's soy sauce, and modern soy sauce didn't start being made until the Edo period).
Japanese: 現在のような醤油が作られるようになったのは江戸時代になってからである）。
English: Naomasa is regarded as one of the Tokugawa's sanketsu (three outstanding people supporting Tokugawa Ieyasu), one of the Tokugawa-shitenno (four generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu), one of the Tokugawa-Juroku Shinsho (sixteen protective deity generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu), and is honored even today as a meritorious vassal who fully supported Ieyasu in taking the reins of government.
Japanese: 直政は、三傑・徳川四天王・徳川十六神将の一人とされており、家康の天下取りを全力で支えた功臣として、現在も顕彰されている。
English: For example, the festival called "Naomasa II kensho (honor a person publicly for an unrecognized good deed) ceremony" is held every year in Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture to honor Naomasa for having founded what is now Hikone City.
Japanese: その一例として、滋賀県彦根市では、直政が現在の彦根市の発展の基礎を築いたということを顕彰して、『井伊直政公顕彰式』という祭典が毎年行われている。
English: Once, Naomasa was in charge of guarding Omandokoro (Mother of the chief Adviser to the Emperor), the real mother of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, when Ieyasu held her hostage (it is said Omandokoro and many of her female followers fell for Naomasa much like they did Ieyasu).
Japanese: かつて、家康が豊臣秀吉の生母である大政所を人質にとった際に直政は大政所の警護を任されていたことがあった（この時、大政所やそれに従ってきた数多くの女性達も家康のように直政に惚れ込んだと言われている）。
English: Hideyoshi was so happy with Naomasa's careful protection that he himself prepared tea for Naomasa to heal his fatigue.
Japanese: 直政の手厚い保護に秀吉は大変喜び、自ら茶を立てて直政の疲れを癒そうとした。
English: Kazumasa ISHIKAWA, who had once been a vassal of Ieyasu, but went over to Hideyoshi's side, was also present.
Japanese: そこには、かつては家康の家臣であったが、今は秀吉の下に寝返って家臣となった石川数正も同席していた。
English: Naomasa could not stand it, and yelled at Kazumasa, "I refuse to sit with that coward who serves you after betraying the lord his family had been serving for generations."
Japanese: このことに我慢ができなくなった直政は数正に向かって、「先祖より仕えた主君に背いて殿下に従う臆病者と同席すること、固くお断り申す。
English: This clearly shows how much faithful loyalty Naomasa had to Ieyasu.
Japanese: これはいかに直政が家康に対して忠義を尽くしていたかを伺える何よりの証拠と言える。
English: It is said that Hideyoshi deliberately made Kazumasa be there to see how Naomasa would react.
Japanese: 秀吉自身は直政が数正に対してどのような態度を見せるのかを知りたくて数正を同席させたと言われている。
English: The incident occurred in 1586, one year after Kazumasa went over to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: なお、数正が秀吉の下に去ったのは天正13年（1585年）で、この事件が起こったのはその1年後の天正14年（1586年）である。
English: It is said the reason why Ieyasu gave important posts to Naomasa, whose family had not been serving the Tokugawa clan, was not only because of Naomasa's great ability in tactical maneuvers and politics, his military prowess, nor his relation by his daughter's marriage to Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA, the fourth son of Ieyasu, but was chiefly because Naomasa was such a beautiful man that Ieyasu fell for him seriously, despite his general dislike of homosexuality.
Japanese: 先祖代々、徳川氏の家臣ではない直政を家康が重用した理由は、直政が武勇だけではなく、知略や政治にも長けていたことや家康の四男・松平忠吉との姻戚関係のことももちろんだが、最大の理由は、直政があまり衆道を好まなかった家康に本気で惚れ込まれるほどの美男子だったからだと言われている。
English: Naomasa was given the former territory of Mitsunari ISHIDA from Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara; however, Mitsunari had been held in great regard by the people of the domain because of his good government.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いの後、直政は石田三成の旧領を家康から賜ったが、三成は善政を敷いていたため、領民の信望が厚かった。
English: Naomasa, who knew that well, announced that he would follow Mitsunari's style of civil government, and he gave silent approval of people's mourning for Mitsunari.
Japanese: 直政はこのことを熟知していたため、佐和山城に入城すると、民政は三成のやり方を踏襲すると触れを出し、領民が三成を弔うことも黙認した。
English: Naomasa was in charge of taking care of Mitsunari before he was executed, and it is said Naomasa gave him careful protection despite his dislike of Mitsunari.
Japanese: また、三成が処刑される前、直政は三成の面倒を任されており、あまり三成に好感を抱いていなかったが、三成を手厚く保護したと言われている。
English: Naomasa was given the biggest territory among the vassals of the Tokugawa clan, even though he was a tozama (outsider) of the Tokugawa clan.
Japanese: 直政は徳川家中の中では外様でありながら、徳川家臣随一の領国を与えられていた。
English: For that reason, Naomasa was envied and opposed by Mikawa fudai (hereditary vassals), but he dismissed this by always serving Ieyasu.
Japanese: このため、三河譜代からの家臣から嫉妬、反発されたが、直政はそれに対して常に家康に奉公することで退けたという。
English: It is said he was also called 'Hyobu cutting people down' because he was quick-tempered and served Ieyasu too strictly, often executing his vassals and not forgiving even the slightest mistake.
Japanese: ただし、そのあまりに厳しすぎる奉公ぶり、そして直政自身は気性が激しく、家臣のわずかな失敗も許さずに手討ちにすることも少なくなかったため、「人斬り兵部」とも称されたという。
English: However, it is said he was loved for his great ability in politics by the people of the castle town when he was lord of Minowa-jo Castle.
Japanese: しかし、政治的手腕は非常に優れていたため、箕輪城主の頃は、城下の民衆から慕われていたと言われている。
English: Sometime before Naomasa became Taishin (great feudal lord), Ieyasu gave him a fine chestnut horse specially selected from Ieyasu's favorite horses because Naomasa had been insistently asking for it.
Japanese: 大身になる前の頃、直政がどうしても強請るので家康が数ある愛馬の中から、特に栗毛の名馬を直政に与えた。
English: Having heard that, Shigetsugu HONDA deliberately made the irresponsible remark, "Our lord must have been blinded in judgement to have given such a fine horse to a brat like Manchiyo," (or words to that effect) in the presence of Naomasa.
Japanese: これを聞いた本多重次がわざわざ直政のいるところで、「あのような名馬を万千代みたいな子倅にくれてやるとは、殿も目が暗くなったのではないか」といった意味のことを放言した。