nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to the seiki (written rules) of Kozoku (Imperial family) shinsei (bestowing a surname) determining the range of Imperial families which was established in 1867, he was supposed to be demoted from nobility to subject so that the Imperial title would be limited only to one generation of Imperial Prince Hirotsune, but with Emperor Meiji's special consideration, he remained Imperial family, and furthermore was given the title of Imperial Prince as an adopted child of Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 明治元年制定の皇族の範囲を定めた皇族賜姓の成規によれば本来、華頂宮は皇族としては博経親王一代限りで臣籍降下するはずであったが、明治天皇の特旨をもって皇族の身分に留まる事となり、更に明治天皇の猶子として親王宣下を受けた。
English: However, because his younger brother Prince Kunika, who was planned to succeed Fushiminomiya, was poor in health, he returned to Fushiminomiya.
Japanese: しかし、伏見宮を相続する予定だった弟宮邦芳（くにか）王が病弱のため、伏見宮に復帰した。
English: In 1904, by an imperial order, Prince Kachonomiya Hirotada, who was the second prince of Prince Hiroyasu, entered Kacho no miya.
Japanese: 明治37年（1904年）に勅命により華頂宮家には博恭王の第2王子華頂宮博忠王が入った。
English: After graduating from the Naval Academy (Japan), Prince Hirotada was promoted to sub-lieutenant, but he died in 1924.
Japanese: 博忠王は、海軍兵学校_(日本)を卒業後、海軍中尉に進んだが、大正13年薨去した。
English: When Hironobu KACHO, who was the third son (younger brother of Prince Kachonomiya Hirotada) of Prince Fushiminomiya Hiroyasu, was a second lieutenant of navy at the age of 20 on December 7, he was demoted from nobility to subject, established the family of Marquis Kacho and at the same time he succeeded Saishi (religious service) of Kachonomiya family.
Japanese: 伏見宮博恭王3男（華頂宮博忠王弟）の華頂博信が大正15年（1926年）12月7日に20歳で海軍少尉の時に臣籍降下し華頂侯爵家を創設し、同時に華頂宮家の祭祀を承継した。
English: The former residence of Marquis Kacho located in Kamakura City was acquired by Kamakura City in 1996 and the garden has been opened to the general public as the former residence of Kachonomiya.
Japanese: なお、鎌倉市にある華頂侯爵の旧邸は、1996年に鎌倉市が取得し、旧華頂宮邸として庭園部分が一般に公開されている。
English: Kotofu refers to a register to keep records concerning the statuses of emperors and members of Imperial family.
Japanese: 皇統譜（こうとうふ）とは、天皇及び皇族の身分に関する事項を登録する帳簿。
English: There are Taitofu (genealogy which states various matters about Emperors and Empresses) to register Emperors, Empresses and Empress Dowagers, and Kozokufu to register things on the other Imperial family members, which notarized the lineage relation of the Imperial family members (family relationships) and the Imperial lineage of the Emperor's genealogy.
Japanese: 天皇・皇后・皇太后に関する事項を登録する大統譜と、その他の皇族に関する事項を登録する皇族譜があり、皇室の身分関係（家族関係）と天皇の血筋である皇統を公証する。
English: This can also be paraphrased as 'the blood line which has consistently succeeded as the male line since Emperor Jimmu.'
Japanese: これは「神武天皇以来、一貫して男系で継承されてきた血筋」と言い換えることができる。
English: Any Emperor is an Imperial family member in the, so-called, male line and if tracing back through the fathers on the genealogy, you can reach the Emperor Jimmu for sure.
Japanese: いずれの天皇もいわゆる男系の皇族であり、系図上で父親を遡っていった場合に必ず神武天皇へとたどり着く事ができる。
English: Kotofu is a family register of Imperial family which is a base to decide the order of succession to the Imperial Throne and to notarize the lineage relation (family relation) of Imperial family.
Japanese: 皇統譜は、皇室の身分関係（家族関係）を公証し、皇位継承の順序を定める基礎となる、皇室の戸籍にあたる。
English: In the Former Imperial Household Law established in 1889, there was only a regulation that "Kotofu... is to be stored in Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books)" (Article 34), and details were carried according to bylaw of the investigation of Imperial Family's genealogy which had been done in the Imperial court since the first year of Meiji period.
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）に定められた旧皇室典範には「皇統譜…ハ図書寮ニ於テ尚藏ス」（34条）と規定されるのみで、その詳細は明治初年以来宮中で行われていた皇室系図の取調べにおける内規により運用されていた。
English: In 1926 the management of Kotofu Rei (literally, the Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage) was improved, and the Kotofu Rei (Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage) (Koshitsu Rei [literally, Imperial House Act] No.6 of 1926, the previous Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage) was enacted.
Japanese: 1926年（大正15年）に至り、皇統譜令の取扱いを整備することとなり、皇統譜令（大正15年皇室令第6号、旧皇統譜令）を定めた。
English: After the World War II, upon enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, the Imperial House Act (Act No.3 of 1947) as a law and the Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage (government ordinance No.1 of May 3, 1947) as a government ordinance were newly enacted, respectively.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後、日本国憲法の施行にあたり、皇室典範（昭和22年法律第3号）は法律として、皇統譜令（昭和22年5月3日政令第1号）は政令として新たに制定された。
English: Kotofu exists in two copies, the original copy and the counterpart (duplicate copy), and the Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage stipulates that the original should be stored in the Imperial Household Agency and the counterpart in the Ministry of Justice.
Japanese: 皇統譜には原本と副本があり、原本は宮内庁に、副本は法務省に保管することが皇統譜令で定められている。
English: However, the Kotofu consists of the Taitofu and the Kozokufu, and the Taitofu registers entries concerning statuses of Emperor, Empress and Empress Dowager, whereas the Kozokufu registers entries concerning statuses of the other Imperial Family members.
Japanese: しかし、皇統譜には、大統譜（たいとうふ）と皇族譜（こうぞくふ）があり、大統譜には天皇・皇后・皇太后の身分に関する事項が、皇族譜にはその他の皇族の身分に関する事項が登録される。
English: In addition, the Taitofu registers the successive Emperors, the beginning part of which includes the genealogy of the age of gods traced back to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess).
Japanese: 大統譜には歴代の天皇が登録され、首部には天照大神に至る神代の系譜も登録される。
English: Also, the Kozokufu is divided into thinner booklets, which are edited depending on each source Emperor (direct ancestral Emperor).
Japanese: また、皇族譜は所出天皇（直接の先祖にあたる天皇）ごとに簿冊を区分して編纂される。
English: The full text of the Kotofu are available for inspection by any person upon request which should be submitted to the Imperial Household Agency according to the Act on Access to Information Held by Administrative Organs.
Japanese: 皇統譜の全文は、行政機関の保有する情報の公開に関する法律に基づき、宮内庁に請求すれば、誰でも閲覧出来る。
English: The Kyu Kotofu Rei refers to Kotofu Rei (Koshitsu Rei No.6 of 1926) which had been enforced before enactment of the existing Kotofu Rei.
Japanese: 旧皇統譜令とは、現行皇統譜令の制定前に施行されていた皇統譜令（大正15年皇室令第6号）である。
English: The Kyu Kotofu Rei was repealed based on "Koshitsu rei oyobi fuzoku horei haishi no ken" (literally, repeal of Koshitsu Rei and the subordinate laws and ordinances (Koshitsu Rei No.12 of 1947), but Article 1 of the existing Kutofu Rei is a progress provision stipulating that "any matters concerning Kotofu, except for those stipulated by this government ordinance, shall, for the time being, comply with precedents," and thus, detailed rules stipulated in the Kyu Kotofu Rei applies mutatis mutandis to the existing Kotofu.
Japanese: 皇室令及附属法令廃止ノ件（昭和22年皇室令第12号）により廃止されたが、現行皇統譜令は第1条で「この政令に定めるものの外、皇統譜に関しては、当分の間、なお従前の例による」との経過規定を置き、皇統譜の詳細に関しては旧皇統譜令の定めを準用する。
English: The duplicate copy of the Kotofu Rei was to be retained by 'Naidaijin-fu' (Office of Minister of the Center) as prescribed in the old Kotofu Rei (the old Article 2, Paragraph 2), while in the existing Kotofu Rei it was to be retained by 'Ministry of Justice' (the existing Article 2).
Japanese: 皇統譜令の副本は、旧令では「内大臣府」で保管すると定めたが（旧2条2項）、現行令では「法務省」でこれを保管すると定めた（現2条）。
English: As for 'register of items without publication or announcement,' the old Kotofu Rei stipulated that it be done after grant of an 'imperial decision' (the old Article 4), whereas the existing Kotofu Rei stipulates that 'the Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency negotiate with Minister of Justice and carry out the said registration of items' (the existing Article 3, Item 1).
Japanese: 「公布又は公告がない事項の登録」については、旧令では「勅裁」を経て行うと定めたが（旧4条）、現行令では「宮内庁長官が、法務大臣と協議して、これを行う」と定めた（現3条1号）。
English: As for 'correction of entries or additional entries in the Record in case of detecting any errors,' the old Kotofu Rei stipulated that it be done based on 'advisories from Imperial Household Council and Privy Council (Japan)' and 'Imperial decision' (the old Article 5, Paragraphs 1-2 inclusive,) whereas the existing Kotofu Rei stipulates that 'the Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency negotiate with Minister of Justice and carry out the said correction' (the existing Article 3, Item 2).
Japanese: 「皇統譜の登録又は附記に錯誤を発見した場合の訂正」は、旧令では「皇族会議及枢密院(日本)ノ諮詢」および「勅裁」を経て行うと定めたが（旧5条1項2項）、現行令では「宮内庁長官が、法務大臣と協議して、これを行う」と定めた（現3条2号）。
English: As for register in the case where the order of succession to the Imperial Throne was changed due to Crown Prince's fatal disease or serious accident, there is no major difference between the old and new Kotofu Rei (the old Article 28, the existing Article 4).
Japanese: 皇嗣に、不治の重患または重大な事故があるために、皇位継承の順序を変えたときの登録に関しては、新旧令に大きな違いはない（旧28条、現4条）。
English: As for register in the case where Shinno (Imperial Prince), Naishinno (Imperial Princess), O (male member of the Imperial Family) or Nyo-o (female member of the Imperial Family) left the status of the Imperial family, there is no major difference between the new and old Kotofu Rei (the old Articles 31-32 and 34, the existing Article 5).
Japanese: 親王、内親王、王(皇族)又は女王(皇族)が、皇族の身分を離れたときの登録に関しても、新旧令に大きな違いはない（旧31条、32条、34条、現5条）。
English: The old Kotofu Rei did not regulate external use of the Kotofu, while the existing Kotofu Rei permits use of the Kutofu outside the Department of Kuranokami (which also read Shozo, referring to Lady of the Storehouse and Director of Zoshi) only when the prime minister approves of it (the existing Article 6).
Japanese: 旧令では皇統譜の持ち出しに関しては定めていないが、現行令では内閣総理大臣の承認を得た場合に限って、尚蔵の部局外に持ち出すことを認めた（現6条）。
English: The previous Kotofu was subject to the authority of Imperial Household Minister, whereas the Kotofu under regulation of the existing Kotofu Rei is subject to the authority of Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency (Paragraph 3 of Supplementary Provision to the existing Kotofu Rei).
Japanese: 従前の皇統譜に関し、宮内大臣が行った職権は、現行令の規定による皇統譜については、宮内庁長官が、これを行うものとした（現行令附則3項）。
English: Furthermore, some terms had been used in the old Kotofu Rei but was amended in the existing Kotofu Rei, such amendments were made where appropriate (for instance, 'Imperial Household Minister' was amended as 'Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency,' 'Zusho no kami' as 'Manager of Imperial Household Archives,' and so on.)
Japanese: なお、旧令の用語のうち、現行令により修正されたものについては適宜修正した（例「宮内大臣」を「宮内庁長官」、「図書頭」を「書陵部部長」など）。
English: The Kotofu is to consist of Taitofu and Kozokufu (the old Article 1), each existing in a set of the original copy and the duplicate copy (the old Article 2, Paragraph 1).
Japanese: 皇統譜は、大統譜及び皇族譜とし（旧1条）、正本及び副本を作る（旧2条1項）。
English: The gyoji (imperial seal) is put on the back of front cover for each thin booklet and the Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency fills in with the number of pages and the date of production, and he signs with Manager of the Imperial Household Archives (the old Article 3, Paragraph 1).
Japanese: 皇統譜及び副本には、簿冊ごとに表紙の裏面に御璽をおし、宮内庁長官が枚数及び調製の年月日を記入し、宮内庁書陵部部長とともに署名する（旧3条1項）。
English: Also, in the Kotofu and the duplicate copy, Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency and Manager of Imperial Household Archives seal the thread for binding (the old Article 3, Paragraph 2).
Japanese: また、皇統譜及び副本には、宮内庁長官及び宮内庁書陵部長が、その綴糸に封印する（旧3条2項）。
English: The records concerning register and supplementary provisions of the Kotofu are stored by the department of Imperial Household Archives (the old Article 10, Imperial Household Agency Act Article 2, Item 11, Imperial Household Agency Organizational Order Article 8, Item 1, and Article 20, Item 1), and the duplicate copy is retained by Ministry of Justice (the existing Article 2).
Japanese: 皇統譜の登録及び附記に関する記録は、宮内庁書陵部において尚蔵し（旧10条、宮内庁法2条11号、宮内庁組織令8条1号、20条1号）、副本は法務省で保管する（現2条）。
English: When entries are registered or supplementary provisions are added in the Kotofu and the duplicate copy, the date is filled in and Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency and Manager of the Imperial Household Archives sign it (the old Article 9).
Japanese: 皇統譜及び副本に登録又は附記したときは、その年月日を記入し、宮内庁長官及び書陵部長がこれに署名する（旧9条）。
English: As for the Taitofu, groups are divided depending on Emperors, the chronological order of Emperors is provided, and for each division the columns of Emperor and of Empress are provided, respectively (the old Article 11).
Japanese: 大統譜は、天皇により門を分かち、その代数を掲げて各門に天皇の欄及び皇后の欄を設ける（旧11条）。
English: In the Kozokufu, thin booklets are divided per source Emperor (the Emperor who was the direct ancestor), and columns are provided for each Shinno, Naishinno, O and Nyo-o, and as for Empress consort one column is provided in a thin booklet of her husband, source Emperor (the old Article 22).
Japanese: 皇族譜は、所出天皇により簿冊を区分し、各親王・内親王・王・女王につき一欄を設け、妃については夫の所出天皇に属する簿冊に各一欄を設ける（旧22条）。
English: In the columns of Shinno, Shinohi (Shinno's consort), Naishinno, O, Ohi (O's consort) and Nyo-o, the following items are registered (the old Article 23).
Japanese: 親王・親王妃・内親王・王・王妃・女王の欄には、次の事項を登録する（旧23条）。
English: The entries of Emperor Kogon, Emperor Komyo, Emperor Suko, Emperor Gokogon and Emperor Goenyu (the entries concerning the genealogy of the so-called Northern Court of Japan) are registered in a separately provided thin booklet in accordance with the Taitofu (the old Article 41).
Japanese: 光厳天皇、光明天皇、崇光天皇、後光厳天皇、及び後円融天皇に係る事項（いわゆる北朝(日本)の系統にかかる事項）は、別に簿冊を設け、大統譜に準じて登録する（旧41条）。
English: As mentioned above, entries concerning statuses of the Emperor and of members of the Imperial family are registered in the Kotofu according to the Kotofu Rei, and thus the Family Registration Law is not applied to Emperors and members of the Imperial family.
Japanese: 以上のとおり、天皇及び皇族の身分関係に関する事項は皇統譜令に基づく皇統譜に登録されるため、天皇及び皇族は戸籍法の適用を受けない。
English: In this regard, Paragraph 2 of Supplementary Provision of the Public Offices Election Act prescribes that 'suffrage and eligibility for election with respect to those who do not fall under the provisions of... the Family Registration Law are to be suspended for the time being,' hence a vulgar belief that the right to vote and eligibility for election of Emperor and members of the Imperial family have been suspended for the time being according to the above-mentioned provision of the Public Offices Election Act.
Japanese: この点、公職選挙法附則2項に「戸籍法…の適用を受けない者の選挙権及び被選挙権は、当分の間、停止する」と定められているため、天皇及び皇族の選挙権及び被選挙権は、同法の規定によって当分の間停止されていることになるとする俗説がある。
English: However, when it comes to those who do not fall under the provisions of the Family Registration Law according to the Public Offices Election Act, they are those who fall under the provisions of the item concerning family register of people in the main island (Taiwan Sotoku-fu [Governor-General] Rei Ordinance No.8 of January 20, 1933) or of Korea family register (Chosen Sotoku-fu Rei Ordinance No.154 of December 18, 1922), that is, they are Taiwanese or Korean persons who had Japanese nationality when Public Offices Election Act was enforced.
Japanese: しかし、同法にいう戸籍法の適用を受けない者とは、本島人ノ戸籍ニ関スル件（昭和8年1月20日台湾総督府令第8号）又は朝鮮戸籍令（大正11年12月18日朝鮮総督府令第154号）の適用を受ける者、要するに公職選挙法施行当時に日本国籍を有していた台湾人や朝鮮人のことである。
English: Since the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family, who are in a symbolic position, 'are required to be politically neutral,' and the Emperor 'shall not have powers related to government' (Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution), they are not allowed to have suffrage and eligibility for election, and it is understood that the provisions of the Public Offices Election Act do not provide grounds for that.
Japanese: 天皇及び皇族の選挙権・被選挙権は、象徴的な立場にある天皇とその一家として「政治的な立場も中立でなければならない」という要請や、天皇は「国政に関する権能を有しない」（憲法4条1項）という規定の趣旨などを根拠として、有していないとされているのであり、公職選挙法の規定が根拠になるわけではないと解されている。
English: Taiko-Tenno is an appellation of emperor, which is applied during a period from the demise of the Emperor to the grant of Tsuigo (posthumous title).
Japanese: 大行天皇（たいこうてんのう）は、天皇が崩御（死去の意）した後、追号が贈られるまでの呼称。
English: Taiko means 'great behavior,' where the word is used to pay honor to the demised Emperor.
Japanese: 大行は「大いなる行ない」を意味し、ここでは死去した天皇への顕彰を表す語として用いられている。
English: According to a current system (which is known as 'Isse ichigen no sei' [literally, the practice of assigning one era name to one emperor]), Gengo (an era name) during the Emperor's reign usually becomes that Emperor's posthumous title.
Japanese: 現在の制度（一世一元の制）に基づけば、在位中の元号をもって追号とされることが定制である。
English: However, it should be noted that a posthumous title is conferred during the Tsuigo hogo no gi (a ceremony for dedicating that title) which precedes the Taiso no rei (funeral service of a Japanese emperor).
Japanese: しかし、あくまでも追号が贈られるのは大喪の礼に先立って行われる追号奉号の儀を執り行ってからである。
English: Therefore, the appellation ''Taiko-Tenno'' is used to refer to the demised emperor on official gazettes before the dedication of his posthumous title in the ceremony.
Japanese: その為、『大行天皇』の名称は、追号奉号の儀以前の段階に於いて、崩御された前天皇の名を官報に掲載する場合でも用いられるものである。
English: In fact, a sentence like 'A Buddhist memorial service for the Taiko-Tenno is held' appears in journals published by several religious organizations.
Japanese: 各宗教団体の機関紙などでは「大行天皇の追悼法要営まれる」などと掲載されている。
English: For instance, in the case where a Buddhist organization provides memorial service for the demised emperor before his posthumous title is conferred, they often use a temporary ihai (Buddhist mortuary tablet) made of plain wood or paper wherever necessary.
Japanese: 例えば、仏教教団において位牌をたてる場合などには、追号が贈られるまでは白木や紙で仮の位牌を立てたりして法要を営む場合もある。
English: Emperor Nan (year of birth unknown-January 24, 1459) was an emperor of the Gonan-cho Dynasty.
Japanese: 南天皇（なんてんのう、？-長禄2年12月20日(旧暦)（1459年1月24日））は、後南朝の天皇。
English: According to "Nanzan Giretsushi" (a book on history), he was given the tsuigo (title given to a noble or high priest after death in honor of his or her accomplishments) of Kombu-in and his imina (actual name of a person during his or her life) was Songa; he was the fourth prince of Oguranomiya Imperial Prince Sanehito.
Japanese: 『南山義烈史』によると、興福院と追号し、諱は尊雅と言い小倉宮実仁親王の第4皇子とする。
English: When the Choroku Conspiracy took place, he recaptured Yasakani no magatama (comma-shaped jewel) and presented it to the emperor at Okuyoshino Totsukawa River.
Japanese: 長禄の変の際には八尺瓊勾玉を奪還して、奥吉野十津川において帝に奉じられたと言う。
English: However, in September of 1458, he was once again attacked by surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan such as Toyotomo KODERA and was seriously injured; it is said that while he was escaping under the guard of Moritaka YOKOYA, who was the head of the Nonagase clan, he passed away on October 25, 1457 at Kofuku-ji Temple of Kaminoyamamura in Muro District, Kii Province (present-day Kumano City in Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 併し長禄2年8月、再び赤松氏の遺臣である小寺豊職らの襲撃を受け重傷を負い、熊野八庄の野長瀬庄司である横矢盛高に守護されて落ち延びる途中、同年12月20日、紀伊国牟婁郡神ノ山村光福寺(現三重県熊野市)にて崩御したと言う。
English: However, the above legends appear in historical materials of the Edo period for the first time; since they do not conform to the materials of the time during which he lived, these legends are not ture to facts.
Japanese: ただし、これらの伝説は江戸時代の史書に始めて現れるもので、同時代史料とは合わず、史実ではない。
English: Chokugo means, in principle, the Emperor's verbal expression of his or her intention concerning official matters, and is a type of Shochoku (imperial rescript).
Japanese: 勅語（ちょくご）とは、原則として天皇が口頭により発する公務上の意思表示であり、詔勅の一種である。
English: However, Kyoiku Chokugo (Imperial Rescript on Education) is an exception, which is issued in writing and signed by Emperor himself or herself (without countersignature by Minister of State).
Japanese: ただし、教育勅語は例外であり、書面により発し、天皇の親署がある（国務大臣の副署はない）。
English: Various Chokugo were issued under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, such as the one at the opening ceremony of imperial Diet, or the one titled as 'Seishonen gakuto ni tamawaritaru chokugo' (literally, imperial rescript deigned to juveniles and students.'
Japanese: 大日本帝国憲法下の勅語には、帝国議会の開院式に発せられるのをはじめ、「青少年学徒ニ賜リタル勅語」など様々なものがある。
English: Empress Komyo (701 - July 27, 760) was a person in the Nara period.
Japanese: 光明皇后（こうみょうこうごう、大宝(日本)元年（701年）-天平宝字4年6月7日(旧暦)（760年7月27日））は、奈良時代の人。
English: She was a daughter between FUJIWARA no Fuhito and Agata no INUKAI no Michiyo (ACHIBANA no Michiyo) and FUJIWARA no Miyako, mother of Emperor Shomu, was her paternal half-sister.
Japanese: 藤原不比等と県犬養三千代（橘三千代）の娘であり、聖武天皇の母である藤原宮子は異母姉。
English: Empress Komyo' was not a shigo (posthumous title) or a posthumous title, but a common name, and her formal honorary title was 天平応真仁正皇太后 (Empress Dowager Tenpyo Oshinninsho).
Japanese: なお、「光明皇后」というのは諡号や追号の類ではなく通称で、正式な尊号は天平応真仁正皇太后という。
English: Since Motoio who had been selected as Crown Prince died young in 728, a race for successor began and the Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao) occurred.
Japanese: 728年（神亀5年）皇太子に立てられた基王が夭折したため後継を争って長屋王が起こるなど紛糾した。
English: After the investiture of the Crown Princess to her daughter the Imperial princess Abe and her enthronement as Empress Koken (749), Kogogushiki (the Queen-consort's Household Agency) was renamed to Shibi chudai (the office handled the principal empress Komyo's affairs) and her nephew FUJIWARA no Nakamaro was assigned to its chief to implement various measures.
Japanese: 娘である阿倍内親王の立太子、およびその後の孝謙天皇としての即位（749年（天平勝宝元年））後、皇后宮職を紫微中台（しびちゅうだい）と改称し、甥の藤原仲麻呂を長官に任じてさまざまな施策を行った。
English: Empress Komyo embraced the Buddhist faith and advised her husband to build Todai-ji Temple and Kokubun-ji Temple.
Japanese: 光明皇后は仏教に篤く帰依し、東大寺、国分寺の設立を夫に進言したと伝えられる。
English: She practiced charity by establishing 'Hidenin Temple' for giving alms to the poor and a medical facility 'Seyaku-in'.
Japanese: また貧しい人に施しをするための施設「悲田院」、医療施設である「施薬院」を設置して慈善を行った。
English: She donated articles of her deceased husband to Todai-ji Temple 49 days after the death of her husband and Shosoin Treasure House was built to store them.
Japanese: 夫の死後四十九日に遺品などを東大寺に寄進、その宝物を収めるために正倉院が創設された。
English: In addition, she founded and renovated many temples, such as Kofuku-ji Temple, Hokke-ji Temple and Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple.
Japanese: さらに、興福寺、法華寺、新薬師寺など多くの寺院の創建や整備に関わった。
English: She was skilled in calligraphy, she and Emperor Shomu are famous as calligraphers of Nara period, and she created "Gakki-ron essay" and "Toka rissei zassho yoryaku".
Japanese: また、書道をよくし、奈良時代の書家として聖武天皇とともに有名であり、作品には『楽毅論』（がっきろん）や『杜家立成雑書要略』（とけりっせいざっしょようりゃく）などがある。
English: This essay was a masterpiece created by copying "Wang Xizhi Text" written by Xizhi WANG, 43 lines of text were written on two and half sheets of white mashi (paper made of hemp) with vertical streaks, and a sheet of yellow mashi was attached to the rear shaft, with a signature of 'October 3, Tenpyo 16, Tosanjo'.
Japanese: 王羲之の『王羲之楷書』を臨書した名品であり、本文は縦簾目のある白麻紙二帳半に43行、奥の軸付に黄麻紙一帳を添えて「天平十六年十月三日藤三娘」と署名がある。
English: There are many legends about her as a Buddhism patron and it is a well-known episode that when Empress Komyo sucked the pus of a severely ill leper, the patient was Ashuku Nyorai.
Japanese: 仏教の庇護者としてさまざな伝説も伝えられており、光明皇后が、重症の癩病（らいびょう。ハンセン病）患者の膿をみずから吸ったところ、その病人が阿閦如来（あしゅくにょらい）であったという話はよく知られている。
English: It is said that when boulevard trees were planted along the main thoroughfare of the metropolis, peach and nashi (Japanese pear) trees were planted so that the poor would not starve.
Japanese: 都大路に並木を造る際に、貧しい人が飢えないようモモとナシの木を選んで植させたと伝えられる。
English: The name of the Komyo-ike pond located at the boundary of Izumi City and Minami Ward (Sakai City), Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture is derived from a legend that it was the birth place of Empress Komyo.
Japanese: 大阪府和泉市と堺市南区(堺市)に跨る位置にある光明池の名前は、光明皇后生誕の地という伝説から由来している。
English: At present, her name is used as the name of a station (Komyo-ike) of the Semboku Rapid Railway and the names of public organizations, such as schools and the Driver's License Center.
Japanese: なお、現在は泉北高速鉄道の駅名（光明池駅）や学校、運転免許試験場などの公的機関の名前などにも使用されている。
English: The area around Kumeda-dera Temple in Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture, is specified as 'Kumeda burial mounds', which includes 'Komyo (Empress Komyo) tumulus'.
Japanese: 大阪府岸和田市にある久米田寺周辺は「久米田古墳群」に指定されており、その中に「光明（光明皇后）塚古墳」がある。
English: A queen (of imperial family) is a female who is in the direct line and in the third or more degree of kinship from the emperor (not in a collateral line, and counted from the emperor who was a direct ancestor) according to the Imperial House Law.
Japanese: 皇族における女王（じょおう/にょおう）とは、皇室典範では天皇からみて直系で三親等以遠の女子を指す（傍系でなく直系尊属の天皇から数える）。
English: Today, a total of five princesses, Princess Akiko and Princess Yoko, who are daughters of Imperial Prince Tomohito, Princess Tsuguko, Princess Noriko, and Princess Ayako, who are daughters of Takamadonomiya Imperial Prince Norihito, have that position.
Japanese: 現在、寛仁親王の娘である彬子女王・瑶子女王、高円宮憲仁親王の娘である承子女王・典子女王・絢子女王の合計5人がその地位にある。