nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to one theory, Shingen TAKEDA refered to this situation and said, 'If at that moment Kenshin attacked Odawara-jo Castle in one stroke without an interval, the castle with insufficient defense system would fall, and Ujiyasu HOJO would be ruined, if this was the case, Kai Province would be in danger.'
Japanese: 一説によれば、武田信玄はこのことをさして「もしあの時、時間を置かず一気に小田原城を攻めていたら防御の十分でなかった城は陥落し、さしもの北条氏康も滅ぼされていたであろう。そうすれば甲斐の国も危なかった」と述べたと伝わる。
English: There was a high probability that the scheme would have been successful if Kenshin had gone up to Kyoto (he could have ignored an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Kaga Province because there was a sea route between Wakasa Province and Ecchu Province and the Uesugi clan had Suigun (warriors battle in the sea), moreover, he could probably have obtained cooperation from the Asakura clan in Echizen Province and the Isshiki clan in Wakasa Province who were the shogun's retainers), the Miyoshi clan and the Matsunaga who were cautious about Kenshin sent enormous amounts of tributes to him.
Japanese: 上洛が出来さえすれば成功の可能性は高く（若狭・越中間は航路があり上杉氏には水軍もあったため加賀一向一揆は無視できた。また、幕臣である越前の朝倉氏・若狭の一色氏の協力は得られた可能性が高い）、謙信を警戒した三好・松永から大量の貢物を送られている。
English: The above anecdotes show Kenshin's lightning-fast, elusive characters and excellence in strategy, his limiting point was that he had to call off due to an objection from vassals.
Japanese: いずれも謙信の電光石火・神出鬼没ぶりや戦術眼の高さがうかがえる逸話だが、家臣団の反対で中止せざるをえなくなっている所に謙信の限界があるとの意見もある。
English: From the viewpoint of continuing the job of a titular Kanto Kanrei, some people say that Kenshin was a formalist, particular about forms, an authoritarian respecting authority rather than substance, and a reversionary hoping for revival of the Muromachi bakufu system.
Japanese: 有名無実な関東管領職にこだわり続けた面から、形式に拘る形式主義者、実質よりも権威を重んじる権威主義者、室町幕府体制の復興を願う復古主義者と評する声がある。
English: However, during the era of Kenshin, the authority of Kanto Kanrei was valid to some extent in the Kanto region and Echigo Province and different in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
Japanese: しかし、謙信の時代の関東や越後では畿内と違い関東管領職の権威はある程度通用したとの評もある。
English: And, it can also be said that respect for authority or for Kanryo shoku (a post of Chief Adviser) showed Kenshin's strong sense of duty.
Japanese: また、権威や管領職への敬意は、謙信の義理堅さをあらわしているとも言える。
English: On one hand, there is insistence that he had legitimate reason to protect his self justification (it is natural to justify himself at the time of battle because Hideyoshi and Ieyasu also did the same) on the other, he believed that he was a reincarnation of Bishamonten, there is evidence of his strength of specific narcissistic genius.
Japanese: 一方で、大義名分を盾にし自己正当化をすることに拘り（合戦する際の理由で自身を正当化するのは秀吉や家康もしており当然ではあるが）、自身を毘沙門天の転生と信じるなど、天才特有の自己愛の強さの証左である、との評価も一部にある。
English: However, it was also pointed out that the Echigo-Uesugi family originally served as Shugo (provincial constable), the headship of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family, a Soke (head of family, originator) of the Uesugi family, was indispensable to unify Echigo Province where a large number of hikan (low-level bureaucrat) vassals of Echigo-Uesugi family existed.
Japanese: ただし、元来越後上杉家が守護を勤め、越後上杉被官家臣が数多くいた越後を統一するには、上杉家宗家である山内上杉家の家督は必要不可欠であったとする指摘もある。
English: Kenshin completed the Kanto Kanrei post of Muromachi bakufu, as he did not expect to benefit from large profits he departed for the front in the Kanto region.
Japanese: 関東管領職という室町幕府の役職を全うし、多くの利益を期待できない関東出陣を行う。
English: Kenshin carried out many battles to reinstate the former territories of Yoshikiyo MURAKAMI, Nagatoki OGASAWARA, Norimasa UESUGI and so on.
Japanese: また、数々の戦いの多くが、村上義清、小笠原長時、上杉憲政らの旧領復権のための戦いであった。
English: As Kenshin did not appoint his successor before his death, this matter triggered an occurrence of the Otate War.
Japanese: 生前に前もって後継者を決定しなかったとされ、謙信の死後、御館の乱勃発の引き金となった。
English: This War was a serious blow to the Uesugi family and became the most significant source of heading down the path to decline and ruin replacing the picturesque scenery.
Japanese: これは上杉家にとって大きな痛手となり、景勝の代での衰退と没落の道を辿る元凶となった。
English: Most territories in northern provinces (Kaga Province, Noto Province and Ecchu Province) acquired in the era of Kenshin were later seized by Katsuie SHIBATA.
Japanese: 謙信時代に獲得した北国（加賀・能登・越中）の大部分は、後に柴田勝家によって奪われる。
English: Kenshin's strong sense of duty and attitude towards convention were very famous, and Ujimasa HOJO said about him as follows: 'Shingen and Nobunaga are always honest and reliable. Kenshin fulfilled duties when he was requested even after his death. Hence, he wished to make talisman for the protection of young Taisho (general) with part of his underclothes'.
Japanese: 謙信の義理堅さ、約束事に対する姿勢は大変有名で、北条氏康は彼について「信玄と信長は表裏常なく、頼むに足りぬ人物だ。謙信だけは請け合ったら骨になっても義理を通す人物だ。それ故、肌着を分けて若い大将の守り袋にさせたい」と発言している。
English: Incidentally, 17 departures for the front in the Kanto region by Kenshin were all vain efforts, which proved his strong sense of duty.
Japanese: ちなみに謙信の関東出陣回数は17回であり、どれもことごとく徒労に終わるものだったが、これも謙信の義理堅さを証明している。
English: The "Koyo Gunkan" (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family, compiled by one of the Takeda's vassal and completed in 1616 by Kagenori OBATA) quotes Shingen TAKEDA to his successor, Katsuyori TAKEDA, in his last moment, 'Kenshin is a busho having a strong sense of duty, he will never abandon the people if he is counted on. Trust him after I die.'
Japanese: また、武田信玄は死に臨んで跡継ぎの武田勝頼に「謙信は義理がたい武将なので、人に頼られれば決して見捨てる事はない。自分の死後は謙信を頼れ」と遺言したと甲陽軍鑑にある。
English: The Takeda clan, his bitter enemy at the time, acknowledged that Kenshin was reputed to have a character of never refusing anything when requested.
Japanese: 当時は仇敵の武田側からすらも謙信は頼まれれば断れない性格だと評されていたことがわかる。
English: In a book named 'Battle fields of zohyo' (common soldiers) (published by The Asahi Shimbun Company in 1995) written by Hisashi FUJIKI, he presented a theory that the image of the Uesugi army was different from the real Kenshin UESUGI who was usually reputed as a loyal person based on a phrase that 'Kenshin was a savior of the people in Echigo Province because he planned and implemented venture business called war in other provinces, stricken villages in the Kanto region, which were battlefields, suffered looting and he had seen hell,' this sensational theory of 'working away from home' was supported by many experts and widely spread among the public.
Japanese: 藤木久志は著書である『雑兵たちの戦場』（朝日新聞社・1995年刊）で「上杉謙信は越後の民衆にとっては他国に戦争と言うベンチャービジネスを企画実行した救い主であるが、襲われた関東など戦場の村々は略奪を受け地獄を見た」と、通常言われる義人・上杉謙信像とは別の上杉軍の姿こそが実態であったとし、このセンセーショナルな「出稼ぎ」説は多くの識者から支持を得て広く世間に浸透した。
English: Although Kenshin was first buried at Rinsen-ji Temple (Joetsu City) in a castle town of Kasugayama-jo Castle, the body was reburied in Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle as the Nagao-Uesugi family moved territories and then in Yonezawa-jo Castle.
Japanese: 遺骸は当初春日山城下の林泉寺(上越市)に埋葬されたが、長尾上杉家の転封に伴って、会津若松城、ついで米沢城内に改葬されたとされる。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, the body was reburied in the mausoleum of the Uesugi family (Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture) where successive lords of Yonezawa Domain were laid to rest.
Japanese: 明治維新後は米沢藩の歴代藩主が眠る上杉家廟所（山形県米沢市）に再度、改葬された。
English: His grave remains not only in Rinsen-ji Temple of Mt. Kasuga (Joetsu City) (Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture) but also in Mt. Koya and in the front yard of Tochio City Art Museum (Tochio City, Niigata Prefecture).
Japanese: 春日山林泉寺(上越市)（新潟県上越市）と高野山と栃尾市美術館の前庭（新潟県栃尾市）にも墓が残されている。
English: In 1872, Kenshin was enshrined with Yozan UESUGI in Uesugi-jinja Shrine (Bekkaku Kanpeisha (a special government shrine)) which was founded on the remains of Honmaru (the keep of a castle) of Yonezawa-jo Castle, and after Uesugi -jinja Shrine was promoted to Bekkaku-Kanpeisha in 1902, only Kenshin came was enshrined there as shintai (sacred object).
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）に米沢城本丸跡に創建された上杉神社（別格官幣社）に上杉鷹山と共に祀られ、明治35年に別格官幣社に昇格し、神体は謙信一柱となった。
English: (In addition, Yozan UESUGI came to be enshrined with Kagekatsu UESUGI, Kanetsugu NAOE and others in Matsugasaki-jinja Shrine.)
Japanese: （なお上杉鷹山は、松岬神社にて上杉景勝、直江兼続らと共に祀られるようになった。）
English: Morikazu/Shuichi NUMA (January 21, 1844 - May 17, 1890) was a Shogun's retainer-turned- statesman, and a journalist.
Japanese: 沼間守一（ぬまもりかず、しゅいち、天保14年12月2日(旧暦)（1844年1月21日）-明治23年（1890年）5月17日）は、江戸幕臣出身の政治家、ジャーナリスト。
English: In 1859, at the age of 17, he accompanied his adoptive father, who was installed as a staff member of Nagasaki magistrate, and learned British studies from an English man named Zellar ゼラール.
Japanese: 1859年、17歳で養父が長崎奉行属員になり同行、イギリス人ゼラールに英学を学ぶ。
English: In the same year, he entered James Curtis Hepburn's school in Yokohama (present-day Meiji Gakuin) by the bakufu's order.
Japanese: 同年幕府の命で横浜のジェームス・カーティス・ヘボン（現：明治学院）に入門。
English: He was promoted from Onsashizuyaku Todori 御指図役頭取 (a rank equivalent to a captain or a troop commander) to Hohei Gashira nami (equivalent to a major or a battalion commander).
Japanese: 御指図役頭取（大尉、中隊長クラス）から歩兵頭並（少佐、大隊長クラス）に昇進。
English: He left Aizu in April and fought against Seigun (Western Army) led by Taisuke ITAGAKI in the Nikko region with Keisuke OTORI.
Japanese: 4月、会津を出て日光方面にて大鳥圭介とともに板垣退助らの西軍と戦う。
English: In July, he returned to Aizu to instruct Yugekitai and moved to the Shonai Domain in late July to train peasant soldiers.
Japanese: 7月、会津に戻り遊撃隊を伝習する、下旬庄内藩へ移動、農兵を訓練する。
English: In 1869, after released, he established an English school in Setomono-cho, Nihonbashi; however, he was suspected that 'he gathers people to plot for the downfall of the government' and arrested for a while.
Japanese: 1869年、放免後、日本橋瀬戸物町に英学指南所を開くが「政府転覆のため人を集めているのでは」と疑われ一時捕縛される。
English: In May, he became the soldiers' instructor of the residence of Tosa Domain and probably taught them English; however, this is only a recollection after the Meiji period, so there is little in the records regarding the matter of English.
Japanese: 5月、板垣、谷干城の紹介で土佐藩邸兵士教授方となる、英語も教授したとも言われるが明治時代以降の回想に限られており当時の史料からは英語に関する記述が乏しい。
English: In April 1872, he entered the service of a seventh grade official of Bureau of Taxation by the recommendation of Okura no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury) Kaoru INOUE and worked at Yokohama Customs.
Japanese: 1872年4月、大蔵大輔井上馨の推薦で租税寮七等出仕、横浜税関詰となる。
English: In July, as Inoue found it difficult to deal with Numa, who delighted in causing trouble, he recommended Numa to Shinpei ETO of Ministry of Justice.
Japanese: 7月、物議をかもしてばかりの沼間をもてあました井上は司法省の江藤新平に彼を推薦する。
English: At the time, he probably changed his name from Shinjiro to 'Morikazu' (or he possibly changed his name in 1869).
Japanese: この頃幼名慎次郎から「守一」に改名したとされる（明治2年に改名の可能性もある）
English: In 1879, he submitted his resignation to the Chamber of Elders and worked on alternate days basis; however, he quit his post because government officials were prohibited to make a speech on politics in August.
Japanese: 1879年、元老院に辞職を申し出て雇い名義で隔日出仕するが8月に官吏の政談演説が禁止されたので雇いも辞職。
English: On November 18, he purchased Yokohama Mainichi Shinbun (Yokohama Daily Newspaper) and opened a main office of Tokyo Yokohama Mainichi Shinbun in Nishikonya-cho, Kyobashi Ward, Tokyo.
Japanese: 11月18日、横浜毎日新聞を買いうけ東京京橋区西紺屋町に東京横浜毎日新聞本局を開く。
English: In March 1881, he became an organizing committee member of the Liberal Party in charge of Kokkai Kisei Domei (League for Founding a National Assembly).
Japanese: 1881年3月、自由政党創立委員となり国会期成同盟の責任者の一人となる。
English: From September to November, he made a speaking tour in the Tokai and Tohoku regions; however, he contracted a brain disease during the tour.
Japanese: 9月～11月まで東海地方、東北地方を遊説してまわるが途中脳病を発病。
English: In December 1884, he opposed the dissolution of the Consitutional Progressive Party; however, leading members such as Shigenobu OKUMA and Togama KONO left the party.
Japanese: 1884年12月、立憲改進党解党に反対するが大隈重信、河野敏鎌ら幹部が脱党。
English: In September 1887, a joint mass meeting of the former Liberal Party and the Constitutional Progressive Party called 'Daido Danketsu Taikai' was held at Ibumuraro (a big restaurant) in Asakusa.
Japanese: 1887年9月、浅草井生村楼で旧自由党と立憲改進党合同の「大同団結大会」が開かれる。
English: Naozane KUJO (July 29, 1717 - November 1, 1787) was a Court noble who lived during the middle of the Edo period.
Japanese: 九条尚実（くじょうなおざね、享保2年6月21日(旧暦)（1717年7月29日）-天明7年9月22日(旧暦)（1787年11月1日））は、江戸時代中期の公家である。
English: His elder brothers were Morotaka KUJO and Yukinori KUJO, and his elder sister was Princess Suke, who later became the lawful wife of Yoshimichi TOKUGAWA, the load of the Owari Domain.
Japanese: 同母兄に九条師孝、九条幸教が、同母姉に尾張藩主徳川吉通の正室となった九条輔姫がいる。
English: As his elder brother Yukinori's son Tanemoto KUJO died, he quitted the priesthood on June 30, 1743 to succeed to the head of the Kujo family.
Japanese: 兄幸教の子九条稙基が死亡したため、寛保3年（1743年）5月9日に還俗し、九条家を継ぐ。
English: When the the Horeki Incident occurred, he pulled down royalistic Court nobles who were close to Emperor Momozono including the Seiga family in cooperation with some Court nobles from families eligible for regents such as Kanpaku Michika ICHIJO, Uchisaki KONOE, and Sukehira TAKATSUKASA, and he succeeded in maintaining the social superiority of such families eligible for regents.
Japanese: 宝暦事件では関白一条道香、近衛内前、鷹司輔平ら摂関家公卿と協力し、桃園天皇側近の尊皇論者である清華家以下の公家を失脚させ、摂関家の優位性を保つことに成功した。
English: He served as the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) from 1759 to 1778, and then he served Emperor Gomomozono as the Kanpaku from 1778 to 1779.
Japanese: 宝暦9年（1759年）から安永7年（1778年）にかけて左大臣を務め、同年から安永8年（1779年）まで後桃園天皇の下関白を務める。
English: Court nobles agreed with the plan that a newborn princess called Imperial Princess Yoshiko would marry the new emperor, but the Retired Emperor Gosakuramachi and the former Kanpaku Uchisaki KONOE, who was regarded as a senior member among Court nobles, supported Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadayoshi, who was four years old at that time and was a child of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniyori.
Japanese: 生まれたばかりの皇女欣子内親王を新帝の后とする事で公卿の意見は一致したが、後桜町天皇と長老格の前関白・近衛内前は、伏見宮邦頼親王の子で4歳の伏見宮貞敬親王を推した。
English: However, Naozane proposed Prince Morohito, who was nine years old at that time and was the sixth son of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Sukehito, who had been already chosen as the head priest of Shogo-in Temple.
Japanese: これに対し、尚実は聖護院門跡に決まっていた閑院宮典仁親王の六男で9歳の光格天皇を推した。
English: In those days, the Fushiminomiya family had the highest status among four Miyake (families allowed to have the status of Imperial family), but this family was the most distant from the Imperial lineage.
Japanese: 当時あった四宮家の中でもっとも格式が高いのは伏見宮家であったが、もっとも皇統に遠かった。
English: They discussed it for more than 10 days, and eventually, Prince Morohito from the Kaninnomiya family was chosen as the new Emperor.
Japanese: 10日余りの論争の末、閑院宮家の師仁王が新帝として擁立されることが決まった。
English: Afterward, Naozane served Emperor Kokaku as the Sessho (regent), Kanpaku, and Grand Minister of State, and he was also granted the title of Jusango (an honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress).
Japanese: その後、尚実は光格天皇の下、摂政、関白、太政大臣を務め、准三后に叙せられた。
English: Kaiseki NORO (March 1, 1747 - April 27, 1828) was a Japanese literati painter in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 野呂介石（のろかいせき、延享4年1月20日(旧暦)（1747年3月1日）-文政11年3月14日(旧暦)（1828年4月27日））は、江戸時代後期の日本の文人画である。
English: He served the Kishu Domain and has been called one of the three major Nanga painters along with Nankai GION and Gyokushu Kuwayama.
Japanese: 紀州藩に仕え、祇園南海、桑山玉州とともに紀州三大南画家と呼ばれている。
English: His initial name was Kyuitsu, but later he renamed Ryu or Ryunen and used these two names mixed together.
Japanese: 名前ははじめ休逸（きゅういつ）であったが、のちに改名して隆（りゅう）または隆年（りゅうねん）のふたつの名を混用した。
English: His azana (courtesy name) was Shorei and his second names were Kaiseki as well as Hanseki, Juyuka, Choko, Konsai, Daigakushosha, and Daigoryu, and also Waibaikyo, Shihekisai, Shihekidoujin, and Yuzen-yaitsu in the last years.
Japanese: 字を松齢（しょうれい）、号(称号)は介石のほかに班石（はんせき）、十友窩（じゅうゆうか）、澄湖（ちょうこ）、混斎（こんさい）、台嶽樵者（だいがくしょうしゃ）、第五隆（だいごりゅう）、晩年になって矮梅居（わいばいきょ）、四碧斎（しへきさい）、四碧道人（しへきどうじん）、悠然野逸（ゆうぜんやいつ）と号している。
English: His common name was Yasuke, later he called himself Kyuichiro or Kizaemon.
Japanese: 通称を弥助（やすけ）、後に九一郎（きゅういちろう）、喜左衛門（きざえもん）と称した。
English: He liked paintings such as ink paintings and tried to learn the Chinese drawing method, but failed, and at the age of fourteen he went up to Kyoto and learned drawing method of the Nagasaki School from Kakutei (Joko KAIGAN) of the Obakushu sect.
Japanese: 墨竹などの画を好み、中国の画法を独学しようとしたが進まず、14歳にて京都に出て黄檗宗鶴亭（海眼淨光）について長崎派の画法を修める。
English: He once returned to his homeland, but went up to Kyoto again and mastered the technique of nanga (a school of painting originating in China).
Japanese: 一旦郷里に戻るが再び上京し、21歳の時、池大雅について南画の技法を修得した。
English: He came and went between Kyoto and Wakayama and made it a daily routine to draw ten pieces of sansui-ga (Chinese-style landscape painting) every day for about ten years.
Japanese: 京都と和歌山を行き来しながらおよそ10年もの間、毎日山水画十景を画くことを日課とした。
English: He closely associated with Kenkado KIMURA in Osaka and Gyokushu KUWAYAMA in Kishu who was his senior, devoted himself to his painting and became famous.
Japanese: 大坂の木村兼葭堂や紀州の先輩桑山玉州とも親しく交流し画業の研鑽に励み、名を成すようになる。
English: Kaiseki wanted to live in Kyoto through life, but returned to Kishu when he was forty-six ordered by the domain for serving.
Japanese: 終生を京都で過ごそうとしたが、藩命によって仕官することとなり46歳のとき紀州に戻った。
English: He served the domain by medical practice as kobushin (an organization of direct retainers of the shogun and feudal lords who obtain no more than 3000 koku) under kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance), later he became dozankata (in charge of copper mine) and surveyed in various places of the territory.
Japanese: 勘定奉行支配小普請として医業を以て藩に仕え、のちに銅山方なって領内各地を踏査している。
English: It is recorded that he went to Edo twice and associated with Shibutsu OKUBO and Gozan KIKUCHI of Edo poetic circles in the last years.
Japanese: 江戸には2度赴いた記録があるが、晩年には江戸詩壇の大窪詩仏、菊池五山との交わりがあった。
English: It is said that he also associated with Sanyo RAI, Kyohei RAI, Shochiku SHINOZAKI, Chikuden TANOMURA, Ohira MOTOORI, and others.
Japanese: その他に頼山陽、頼杏坪、篠崎小竹、田能村竹田、本居大平などの交友が伝えられる。
English: He was with an intense enjoyment that he could copy 'Ame Tsuchi Shakkyo zu' (painting of the world stone bridges) drawn by Huáng Gōngwàng possessed in Tonomine Senju-in of Yamato Province.
Japanese: 1810年、大和国多武峰千手院に所蔵される黄公望の「天地石橋図」を臨模したことを多いに喜んでいる。
English: It is said that he went deep into mountains of Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha) due to public service and stayed for a few dozen days to learn taste of sansui (landscape).
Japanese: 公務で熊野三山の山中に分け入り、深山幽谷に数十日もあって山水の趣を体得したという。
English: He thought painting was not for other people, but for his own pleasure, and sought painting with shai (to express painter's spirit or target's nature) by thinking that true landscapes saved in his bosom would let his hand correspond naturally.
Japanese: 画は人のためでなく己の楽しみのためとし、胸中に真山水を貯えれば、自ずと手が応じてるとして、写意のある画を求道した。
English: He was good at drawing bamboo groves and sansui-zu and especially draw mountains in Kumano area, and a dozen of paintings of Nachi Waterfall are authenticated by now.
Japanese: 墨竹図・山水図を得意としたが、特に熊野山中を描いたものが多く那智滝は現在までに十数点確認されている。
English: His second name Shihekisai originated from the commemoration that a lord of the domain praised his painting of the Nachi-san Mountain and granted Ichigyomono of 'Sanshoku Shihekisai'.
Japanese: 四碧齋の号は、藩侯が彼の那智山図を見て嘆賞し「山色四時碧」の一行物を下賜したことを記念したもの。
English: FUJIWARA no Motomichi (year of birth and death unknown) was a local government officer in Mutsu Province who lived during the later Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原基通（ふじわらのもとみち、生没年不詳）は平安時代後期の陸奥国の在庁官人。
English: During the Battle of Enkyu Ezo, which began in 1070 by the Imperial order of Emperor Gosanjo, he stole the Governor's seal and the key of the provincial shoso (public repository) and ran away from the province while MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi, the Governor of Mutsu Province, was away from the province in battle.
Japanese: 延久2年（1070年）に後三条天皇の勅命により始まった延久蝦夷合戦で、陸奥国司源頼俊が出陣中に、国司の印と国の正倉の鍵を奪い、逃走する。
English: This incident made Yoritoshi lose his position and his military service at the Battle of Enkyo Ezo was not appreciated at all, while KIYOHARA no Sadahira (also known as KIYOHARA no Sanehira), who was the second-in-command of Yoritoshi's army, was appointed to be the Chinju-fu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).
Japanese: 頼俊はこの事件が原因で事実上失脚し、副将格の清原貞衡（清原真衡）が鎮守府将軍に任ぜられたのと対照的に延久蝦夷合戦の功を全く認められなかった。
English: Motomichi's family background are still entirely unknown, but it has been thought that he was a local government officer because he had access to the Governor's seal and the key of the provincial shoso, and some historical materials say he was a sani.
Japanese: 基通の出自、系譜については全く不明であるが、国司の印や国の正倉の鍵に近づけ、史料に散位と記載されていることから、在庁官人であると見られている。
English: Also, as he unnaturally ran away to Shimotsuke Province and surrendered to MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, some people think he was possibly in a relationship with MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and Yoshiie as the loads and the vassal at the Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign).
Japanese: また、不自然に下野まで逃亡し、源義家に投降していることから、前九年の役で源頼義、義家と主従関係を結んでいた可能性も指摘されている。
English: They think Motomichi started this incident in compliance with Yoshiie's thoughts in order for Yoritoshi to lose his position and power, because Yoshiie did not like the spread of MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi's influence in Mutsu Province.
Japanese: 陸奥に源頼俊が勢力を植えつけることを快く思わない義家の意を受け、頼俊の失脚を狙い事件を起したと見られている。
English: She was the Empress of Emperor Kinmei and the mother of Umaragi no Miko (Prince Umaragi), Katsuragi no Miko (Prince Katsuragi), Anahobe no Hashihitohime (Princess Anahobe no Hashihito), Anahobe no Miko (Prince Anahobe) and Hatsusebe no Miko (Prince Hatsusebe) who became the Emperor Sushun.
Japanese: 欽明天皇の妃となり、茨城皇子、葛城皇子、穴穂部間人皇女、穴穂部皇子、泊瀬部皇子（崇峻天皇）を生んだ。
English: Hisamoto HIJIKATA (November 23, 1833 - November 4, 1918) was a shishi (patriot) and statesman from the late Edo period (the last days of Tokugawa Shogunate) to the Meiji and Taisho periods.
Japanese: 土方久元（ひじかたひさもと、天保4年10月12日(旧暦)（1833年11月23日）-大正7年（1918年）11月4日））は、江戸時代末期（幕末）から明治・大正期にかけての志士、政治家である。
English: In 1833, he was born as an oldest son of Hisamochi HIJIKATA who was a Joshi (superior warrior) of the Tosa clan and his mother Tokiko.
Japanese: 天保4年（1833年）土佐藩上士の土方久用と母時子の長男として生まれる。
English: In 1857, he left his hometown to study in Edo as a Joshi, and he became a student of Confucian Totsuan OHASHI and got to devote himself to the thought of Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
Japanese: 上士として安政4年（1857年）には江戸へ遊学し、儒者大橋訥庵の門に学び、尊王攘夷思想に傾倒する。
English: In 1863, he went up to Kyoto under the order of the domain, and after that, he associated with Kinno no shishi (patriots with reverence for the Emperor) of the domains such as Choshu Domain which was the stronghold of Sonjo-ha party (people supporting the principle of 'Sonno Joi' advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）以後は藩命により京都へ上り、尊攘派の牙城であった長州藩はじめ諸藩の勤王の志士と交流する。
English: Soon he got to be known by a radical Kuge (Court noble) Sanetomi SANJO, and he was ordered to attend at Choshi Gakushuin (school for the candidates of high officials selected by the Court), but as a result of Coup of August 18 (in old lunar calendar, and September 30 in new calendar) of the same year, Choshu Domain, SANJO, and their comrades lost their positions and expelled from Kyoto.
Japanese: やがて過激派公家三条実美の知己を得、徴士学習院出仕を命ぜられたが、同年の八月十八日の政変により、長州藩と三条らは失脚し京から追放される。
English: When the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) started the Choshu Conquest, he went overseas to the Kyushu region (the Fukuoka domain) with Sanjo and others, and escaped to Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu).
Japanese: 江戸幕府による長州征討の際には、三条らとともに九州（福岡藩）へ渡海し、太宰府に逃れる。
English: Cooperating with Shintaro NAKAOKA, Mitsuaki TANAKA, Ryoma SAKAMOTO and others who were Tosa roshi (masterless samurai) and sympathetic to Choshu just like Hijikata himself, he made an effort to mediate the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance.
Japanese: 同じ長州系の土佐浪士中岡慎太郎・田中光顕や坂本龍馬らとも連係し、薩長同盟の仲介に尽力。
English: He made arrangements for the meeting of Takayoshi KIDO and Takamori SAIGO at Shimonoseki (but it ended in a mere attempt because of wrong crossing of the communications.)
Japanese: 下関における木戸孝允と西郷隆盛の会談を周旋する（ただし、連絡の行き違いにより未遂に終わる）。
English: Hijikata's actions in the period from Shichikyo-ochi to the first year of the Meiji era (1868) were recorded in detail in his own diary "Kaiten Jikki" (true chronicle of the revolution).
Japanese: 七卿落ちから明治元年にいたるまでの土方の活動は、自らの日記『回天実紀』によって詳しく記されている。