nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The temple architectural style was originally introduced from China, and it was developed in sophisticated manners to suit Japanese tastes in the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) period of the Heian period.
Japanese: もともと寺院建築の様式は中国から伝わってきたものであるが、平安時代の国風文化の時代に日本人好みに洗練されていった。
English: In large temples, some Buddhist halls were made large, whereas some Buddhist halls were built to create peaceful space with thin columns and with a low ceiling in a home style.
Japanese: 大寺院では規模の大きな仏堂もあるが、住宅風に柱を細く、天井を低めにした穏やかな空間の仏堂も造られた。
English: After a new style was introduced from China in the Kamakura period, awareness of differences from the existing style was raised, generating the word "Wayo."
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に中国から新たな様式が伝わってくると、従来の様式との違いが意識されるようになり、やがて和様という言葉が生まれた。
English: In the Medieval period, architectural styles according to the Buddhist sect were categorized such that Zenshu-yo (Zen-sect-style architecture) was used for Temples of the Zen sect and Wayo (some included Setchu-yo (mixed style between the Wayo style's basic plan and the features of the Zen sect style) adopting Great Buddha) was used for esoteric Buddhism temples.
Japanese: 中世においては、禅宗寺院では禅宗様、密教寺院には和様（一部に大仏様を取り入れた折衷様）と宗派と建築様式の区分もあった。
English: Entering the modern period, architectural styles were further blended, and elements of Zenshu-yo were partly adopted in some esoteric Buddhism temples.
Japanese: 近世に入ると様式の折衷化が進み、密教寺院に一部禅宗様の要素が取り入れられることもあった。
English: The himuro was a place where ice was traditionally stored in Japan and corresponds to the modern-day refrigerator.
Japanese: 氷室（ひむろ）とは、日本古来の氷を蓄えておく場所のことで現在の冷蔵庫にあたる。
English: It was necessary to keep winter ice so that it would not melt in the age when no technology for generating ice was known.
Japanese: 製氷する技術が無かった時代には、冬場にできた天然の氷を溶けないように保管する必要がある。
English: Although no accurate records remain, ice is considered to have been kept cool in caves or a hole dug into the earth and covered, for example, with a thatch-roofed hut.
Japanese: 正確な記録は残されていないが洞窟や地面に掘った穴に茅葺きなどの小屋を建てて覆い保冷したとされる。
English: Using this method, it was possible to keep ice until summer in cool mountain areas because the temperature in a himuro is cooler than that of the outside air due to the vaporization heat of underground water.
Japanese: 氷室の中は地下水の気化熱によって外気より冷涼であるため、涼しい山中などではこの方法で夏まで氷を保存することができる。
English: During an age when only natural ice was available, only those in power, such as the imperial court and shogun families could use ice during the summer because it was valuable.
Japanese: このように天然の物を保管するしかない時代、夏場の氷は貴重品であり、永らく朝廷や将軍家など一部の権力者のものであった。
English: Historically, himuro is said to have initially appeared in the following description for the sixty-second year of Emperor Nintoku in "Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan)" when Imperial Prince Nukata no Onakatsuhiko found a glittering thing when he went on a hunting trip to Tsuge (the present-day Fukusumi-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 歴史的には『日本書紀』仁徳天皇六十二年の条に額田大中彦皇子（ぬかたのおおなかつひこのみこ）が闘鶏（つげ,現在の奈良県天理市福住町）へ狩りに出掛けたとき、光るものを発見したとの記述が最初の登場とされる。
English: Later, the family name of Hinomuraji also appeared in Kotoku-ki (Chronicle of Kotoku Emperor) of "Nihon Shoki," suggesting the existence of a job managing the himuro for the imperial court.
Japanese: それがその後も『日本書紀』の孝徳紀に氷連という姓が登場し、朝廷のために氷室を管理した職が存在したことがうかがえる。
English: For example, descriptions of hinomuraji and himuro are found in a family line diagram of the Agatanushi family of the Kamo clan, one of the families that occupied important positions in the imperial court (the family produced many priests, mainly at Kamo-jinja Shrine, and might have been a former local ruling family, and the god of Kamo-jinja Shrine was the clan deity of the Kamo family).
Japanese: 例えば朝廷の要職を占めた家の一つ鴨氏縣主家（主に賀茂神社の神官を輩出した、亦元豪族か,賀茂神社祭神は鴨家の氏神）の家系図には氷連、氷室の記述が見られる。
English: From among the mokkans (a mokkan is a narrow strip of wood bearing an official message) written by Prince Nagaya during the Nara period unearthed in Nara, one was found with the writing, "Tsuge-no-himuro (himuro at Tsuge)."
Japanese: 奈良で出土した奈良時代の長屋王の木簡から「都祁氷室（つげのひむろ）」と書かれたものも見つかっている。
English: Himuro and the position of managing it existed in every period (it belonged to Shusuishi (Water Office) of the Imperial Household Ministry when Japan was governed by the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the corresponding code) until it was abolished in the Meiji period.
Japanese: その後も氷室とそれを管理する職は各時代において存在し（律令制日本の律令制においては宮内省主水司に属した）、明治時代になって消滅した。
English: In the Edo period it was customary that the Kaga domain would present ice from a himuro to the shogun family on June 1 of each year.
Japanese: 江戸時代には、毎年6月1日(旧暦)にあわせて、加賀藩から将軍家へ氷室の氷を献上する慣わしがあった。
English: Himuro with earthen-walls came to be built even in the urban areas of Edo, making it possible to supply ice to the general public during the summer.
Japanese: また土蔵造りの氷室が江戸市中にも作られるようになり、一般庶民に夏場の氷が供給されるようになった。
English: Edo's drinking water was supplied by Tamagawa Josui Water Supply, but the water became warm in summer.
Japanese: 江戸は玉川上水より水道水が飲み水として供給されていたが、夏場には温くなってしまう。
English: However, since the water to which ice was added was taken from a river, elderly persons who drank such water would often experience stomach upset.
Japanese: ただし川から汲んだ水に氷を入れたものであったため、衛生面の問題により高齢者の場合は腹をこわす事がよくある。
English: The himuro hut is filled with snow (readying the himuro) on the last Sunday of January, taken out on June 30 (himuro-opening) and then in Kanazawa City and surrounding areas, people eat himuro manju (a bun with a bean paste filling), which is said to imitate ice, as they pray for good health on July 1.
Japanese: 1月の最終日曜日に氷室小屋に雪がつめられ（氷室の仕込み）6月30日に雪を取り出す（氷室開き）そして、金沢市とその周辺では、7月1日に氷を模したと言われる氷室饅頭を食べ健康を祈る。
English: However, the area has been troubled with the lack of snow due to the warm winters of recent years, and the Hakuunro Hotel, which was the owner of the himuro hut, went bankrupt in 1998.
Japanese: しかし、近年暖冬続きで雪不足に悩まされることが多いうえ、氷室小屋を保有する白雲楼ホテルが平成10年（1998年）に倒産した。
English: The event was in danger of being terminated, but is still running to this day because of the approval of the bankruptcy administrator.
Japanese: このことから行事の継続危機が訪れたが、破産管財人の許可が下り現在も行われている。
English: In Yatsushiro City, Kumamoto Prefecture, a himuro festival is held at Yatsushiro-jinja Shrine (myoken-gu) from May 31 to June 1.
Japanese: 熊本県八代市では5月31日から6月1日にかけて八代神社（妙見宮）で氷室祭が行われる。
English: The festival day is customarily called "Koozzuitachi (perhaps meaning the first day for ice)" and people eat yuki-mochi (rice cakes imitating lumps of snow).
Japanese: この祭の日を俗に「こおっづいたち」（氷朔日か）と呼び、雪の塊を模した雪餅を食べる慣わしである。
English: A doma is a space constituting the inside of a Japanese-style house.
Japanese: 土間（どま）とは日本建築に於ける家屋内の一部を構成する間取りである。
English: The inner space of a traditional private Japanese house or storehouse consists of an area called "yuka" where living space is placed above the ground using flat wooden plates supported by pillars, and an area that is placed at ground level.
Japanese: 日本の伝統的な民家や納屋の屋内空間は、人間の生活面が柱によって地面より高くしつらえられ、木の板などが敷かれた「床（ゆか）」という装置が敷かれた部分と、地面と同じ高さの部分とに分けられる。
English: Tataki (a floor hard-packed with plaster), diatomite or concrete tiles are used for finishing a doma,
Japanese: 土間の仕上げには、三和土（漆喰を塗り固めた床）、珪藻土、コンクリート・タイルなどが用いられる。
English: In old private houses, there is sometimes an area where the earth is simply exposed, and this would be the origin of the term.
Japanese: 古い民家では単純に地面が露出している屋内の場所に過ぎない様式のものもあり、この辺りが語源といえよう。
English: It is placed nearly at ground level and lower than the other rooms constituting living space, such as corridors, living room and bedrooms, and wide doors or sliding doors are always built to allow people to come and go between the inside and outside of the house.
Japanese: 地面とほぼ同じ高さで、生活空間である廊下・居間・寝室といったようなその他の部屋よりも一段低くなっており、屋外と連絡するための・人が出入りする、大きく開く扉ないし引き戸が必ず設けられている。
English: As described below, although the same term is now used for a scaled-down version, it originally had the nature of "an indoor room used in the same way as the ground."
Japanese: 以下に述べるが、現在では縮小化されたものが同じように呼ばれているが、本来は「地面と同じ扱いの屋内の部屋」という性格があった。
English: In private Japanese houses, the raised floor area supported by pillars and the doma area have been valued equally since ancient times, and connecting these two factors constitutes the basic style of such houses.
Japanese: 日本の民家は古来柱に支えられた高床式の床敷き部分と、土間の部分が対等な存在であり、この二つの要素が一つの建築物として結合した形態が基本となっている。
English: In contemporary private houses, the doma has become reduced to a small space in the entrance hall provided and is simply at the boundary between the inside and outside of the house.
Japanese: 現代の民家建築では、土間は単なる屋外と屋内の境にある玄関の狭小な空間に縮小している。
English: It is simply a place to remove shoes and the important function of the traditional doma, which was to provide work space for gaining earnings, is now generally excluded from the living quarters in the house.
Japanese: 単純に靴を脱ぐための場所と位置付けられ、伝統的な土間の重要な機能であった生業の作業空間という要素は、生活家屋内から排除されていることが多い。
English: Today, people who traditionally did their work in the doma of their own house, such as farmers and craftsmen, have increasingly come to replace the role of doma with a separate outdoor space, such as the yard, covered with a simple roof.
Japanese: 現代では農家や手工業者のように、伝統的に土間で行われていた作業を家内産業として営む者は、庭など屋外の別空間を簡易的な屋根で覆うことにより、その役割を代替する事が多くなっている。
English: The original doma has a space wide enough to allow work, but contemporary ones are considered part of the entrance hall, which is around 0.825 square meters at most (depending on the size of the house).
Japanese: 旧来のものは作業場として十二分な広さを持つ場所であったが、現在のものでは広くて半畳程度（住宅規模によっても異なる）の玄関の付帯物扱いである。
English: The doma is positioned as a place intermediate between outdoor and indoor, and it is a custom in Japanese houses "to take off shoes indoors."
Japanese: 土間は戸外と屋内の中間的な場所にあたり、日本家屋では「屋内では靴を脱ぐ」という生活習慣があるが、
English: Therefore, the doma continues to exist as a place where shoes are to be taken off or put on.
Japanese: このため現代住宅でも「靴を履いたり脱いだりする場所」という位置付けで存続している。
English: Because a doma is treated as an outdoor place, even if descending to a doma temporarily, simple footwear such as sandals are put on.
Japanese: 土間は基本的に戸外と同じ扱いであるため、一時的に土間に下りる場合でも、サンダルなど簡易的な履物をはく。
English: The doma provided a space of several joes (approx. 1.65 square meters per jo) to about 15 joes and people would sit on a straw mat or sunoko (a board made of thin plates positioned horizontally) or take off their shoes to stand on it.
Japanese: 数畳から十数畳程度の広さを持ち、ござやすのこを敷いて座ったり、あるいは靴を脱いでそれらの上に立ったりもする。
English: It is assumed that the use of a doma convenient for cleaning up after doing tasks that generate trash and dust.
Japanese: ごみや埃の出易い作業をする上で、掃除の簡単に済ませられる土間を利用したと思われる。
English: On the other hand, in old Japanese houses of agricultural villages, the room with a wooden floor was used for daily household activities and there was no designated workplace.
Japanese: その一方で古い農村部の日本家屋では、板の間がそのまま生活居住空間で作業場所は特別に設置しなかった。
English: In addition, a space which can be used as a wooden floor room by laying wooden plates but also used as a doma without the wooden plates are found in some traditional houses in rural areas.
Japanese: また、伝統的農村家屋では用途によって板をはめて板の間として使用したり、板をはずして土間として使用したりするスペースが設けられていることもある。
English: Since the doma floor cannot rot and has few flammable items, the doma was naturally used for cooking, which requires much water and fire.
Japanese: 調理では火や水を多く使うことから、床が腐る心配がない・燃え移るものの少ない土間が必然的に利用された。
English: Moreover, flame-generating equipment, such as a furnace, could be installed more easily in the doma and this is also effective from the standpoint of fire prevention.
Japanese: また竈など火を使う設備を設置する上でも、土間の方が設置がし易く、火災予防の観点からも有効である。
English: In many traditional rural houses, the lavatory and bathing place are located in a hut separate from the main building.
Japanese: 伝統的な農村家屋では、便所や風呂は母屋から離れた別小屋になっていることが多い。
English: The kitchen is also located at a roofed place outside the main building.
Japanese: 炊事場に関しても、母屋の中ではなく外に設置し、屋根をかけて作っているケースも少なくない。
English: The kitchen is a type of under-eave structure, but because simple walls surround it, it is difficult to judge whether the kitchen is outdoors or indoors.
Japanese: 構造的には軒下の一種であるが、風雨を避けるための簡易的な壁を回しているため、屋外なのか屋内なのか、判断が難しいところである。
English: However, reflecting the age when it was built, some of the dwelling units have a rather spacious area equivalent to a doma in their entrance halls.
Japanese: しかしながら、作られた時代を反映して玄関に土間に相当する広い空間をもつものがある。
English: Additionally, although they are large buildings, there is a large difference in the height between the ground level and the floor level, thus showing a transitional style.
Japanese: また、ビルであるにも関わらず地面から床面までの段差を大きくしてあるなど、過渡期の姿をとどめている。
English: In this book, the means by which to design and construct gardens for Shinden-zukuri style (architecture representative (characteristic) of a nobleman's residence in the Heian period) are described.
Japanese: この本は寝殿造の庭園に関することが書かれており、その内容は意匠と施工法である。
English: At present, it is an accepted theory that the book was written by TACHIBANA no Toshitsuna, and it was included as "Sakutei-ki" by TACHIBANA no Toshitsuna in volume 23 of "A collection of philosophical thoughts in Japan" published by Iwanami Shoten, Publishers.
Japanese: 現在、橘俊綱であるとする説が定説となっており、所収されている岩波書店『日本思想大系』第23巻にも橘俊綱『作庭記』としている。
English: The use of garden stones is a unique aspect of Japanese gardens.
Japanese: 庭石（にわいし・ていせき）とは庭園における石の日本独特の利用法である。
English: Garden stones are selected from genuine rocks as materials of a garden, and they are laid out in the key positions of a garden.
Japanese: 天然の岩石を庭の材料として用いるものとして選び出し、加工せず庭の要所に配置するものである。
English: In Europe and the United States, genuine stones are rarely used as is without processing.
Japanese: 欧米では天然石を加工せずにそのままの姿で利用することは極めて稀である。
English: Naming of stones varies according to size; the smallest size for one foot, the intermediate size for both feet, the largest size for several people.
Japanese: 小さ目の1足物から両足で立てる2足ものや多足物など大きさによって呼称が異なる。
English: It is a rough cornered stone which is used after digging from the ground; some may be seen over the ground, while others are buried deep in the ground.
Japanese: ゴツゴツした角のある石で山などの地表面に露出しているものや地中に埋まっているものを掘り起こして使用する。
English: A Yama ishi that was buried in the ground is processed so that it would look like a genuine stone, adding some irregularities and flaws.
Japanese: 埋まっているものは天然石のように見せるために、加工して風化が見られるように凹凸や傷を施す。
English: The River act established in 1971 prohibited picking of resources such as gravel from a river.
Japanese: 1971年に制定された河川法により河川からの砂利等の採取が禁止された。
English: Nowadays, no extraction is domestically approved unless special permission is obtained (it was prohibited in 1971).
Japanese: 現在国内では特別な許可が無ければ採取できない（昭和46年採取禁止）。
English: Today, organizations such as stone material company or garden stone companies tend to obtain the land for processing stones.
Japanese: 現在では石材業や庭石業を営む会社等は、山の土地を取得して加工をしているところが多い。
English: Uocchi kan is officially called "Miyazu Energy Research Center, Kansai Electric Power Co. Tango Uocchi Kan", and is an in-house PR hall of the Miyazu Energy Research Center, Kansai Electric Power Co.
Japanese: 正式には「関西電力宮津エネルギー研究所丹後魚っ知館」といい、関西電力のPR館として関西電力・宮津エネルギー研究所内にある。
English: Kyoto Jukan Expressway Miyazu-Amanohashidate Interchange (about twenty minute car ride from the interchange exit)
Japanese: 京都縦貫自動車道宮津天橋立インターチェンジ（IC下車後車で約20分）
English: Maizuru Wakasa Expressway Maizuru-Nishi Interchange exit - Route 27 - Route 178 (about forty minute car ride from the interchange exit)
Japanese: 舞鶴若狭自動車道舞鶴西インターチェンジ－国道27号－国道178号（IC下車後車で約40分）
English: Closed days: every Thursday (on the following day if it falls on a public holiday), the year-end and New Year holidays (Dec 29-January 3)
Japanese: 休館日　：毎週木曜日（祝祭日の場合は翌日）、年末年始（12月29日～1月3日）
English: Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style is a Japan-west blended architectural style that is a modern architecture; a reinforced concrete building, which was popular in the early Showa period, with a Japanese tiled roof.
Japanese: 帝冠様式（ていかんようしき）は、昭和初期の日本で流行した、鉄筋コンクリート造の現代建築に和風の瓦屋根を載せた和洋折衷の建築様式である。
English: Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style was generated against modernism architecture in the context of Nationalism that appeared in the 1930's.
Japanese: 1930年代のナショナリズムの台頭を背景に、モダニズム建築に対抗して日本で発生した建築様式である。
English: Since it is practical, yet easily expresses Japanese design, it has been used in Manchukuo (Manchuria), which was Japan's allied country, as well as in Japan; some buildings still exist.
Japanese: 実用を兼ねて容易に日本的な意匠を表現できる事から、日本国内のほか、日本の同盟国であった満州国でも用いられ、現存するものも多い。
English: However, they were built in the early Showa period, and as a result, few buildings existed in Korea or Taiwan, which were colonized before the appearance of buildings in Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style.
Japanese: しかし昭和初期に発生した事から、それ以前に日本の植民地として組み込まれた朝鮮や台湾島などには少ない。
English: In Korea and Taiwan, buildings in the neoclassical architectural style remaining from the period of Japan's rule are prominent.
Japanese: それらの地域では日本統治時代の残照として新古典主義建築様式が目立つ。
English: Sugaya-yakata Castle was located in Obusuma-gun, Musashi Province (in the Kamakura period, present Ranzan-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama Prefecture).
Japanese: 菅谷館（城）（すがややかた（じょう））とは、武蔵国男衾郡（鎌倉時代当時、現在の埼玉県比企郡嵐山町）にあった城である。
English: The HATAKEYAMA clan was the shoji (sho-en estate keeper) of Hatakeyamano-sho Estate in Osato-gun since Shigetada's father, Shigeyoshi HATAKEYAMA, and Shigetada initially placed his residence within the estate.
Japanese: 畠山氏は、重忠の父畠山重能の代から大里郡畠山荘の荘司であり、重忠も当初は同荘内に館を置いていた。
English: However, he later moved to Sugaya, a strategic spot along the Kamakura-kaido Road, which is the origin of this castle.
Japanese: しかし、やがて鎌倉街道の要衝にあたる菅谷の地に移って館を構えたのが始まりである。
English: In 1205, Shigetada HATAKEYAMA died in a battle at Futamatagawa in Musashi Province (present Asahi Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
Japanese: 元久2年（1205年）、畠山重忠が武蔵国二俣川（現・神奈川県横浜市旭区(横浜市)）で戦死した。
English: Subsequently, it is said that the castle was inherited by the descendents of Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA who inherited the family name of HATAKEYAMA, but the details until the later years of the 15th century are unknown.
Japanese: のちは畠山の名跡を継いだ足利義純の子孫に伝えられたというが、15世紀後半に至るまでの詳細は不明である。
English: In around 1488, the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family reconstructed the old castle at Sugaya to compete against Kawagoe-jo Castle of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family.
Japanese: 長享2年（1488年）頃に山内上杉家が扇谷上杉家方の川越城に対するおさえとして、菅谷の旧城を再興した。
English: In 1488, the battle of Sugayahara broke out around this castle.
Japanese: また、長享2年には、この城の近くで須賀谷原の戦い（すがやはらがっせん）が起こっている。
English: There are two theories regarding the fate of the castle after the battle: one that the Gohojo clan, who came and controlled this area after the night battle of Kawagoe in 1546, used it until around the end of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) and the other that the castle was abandoned before the Gohojo clan came to control the area.
Japanese: その後は、天文(元号)15年（1546年）の河越夜戦以降にこの地域に進出した後北条氏によって戦国末期まで使われたとする説と、後北条氏進出以前に廃絶したとする説がある。
English: According to excavation results of the site, remains from the Gohojo clan era have not been found and it is highly possible that the castle was abandoned before the Gohojo clan came.
Japanese: 発掘調査の結果からは後北条氏時代の遺物が出土しておらず、後北条氏以前に廃城となった可能性が高い。
English: The former residence was a hira-jiro (a castle built on flat land) located on a low plateau on the north side of where the Toki-gawa and Tsuki-gawa Rivers meet and the Kamitsumichi Kamakura-kaido Road (one of the three Kamakura-kaido Roads) ran near the residence (castle).
Japanese: 館跡は都幾川と槻川の合流点北側の低台地にある平城で、館（城）の付近を鎌倉街道上道が通っていた。
English: A horizontally rectangular honmaru (the keep of the castle) was placed slightly to the south of the center of the castle site, with the ninomaru (second bailey) and the sannomaru (outer part of the castle) to the north of it.
Japanese: 館跡中央のやや南寄りに平面長方形の本丸があり、その北側に二の丸、三の丸などを配置してある。
English: The remains of the mounds are in good condition and the features of hira-jiro castles in the modern times can be seen in the layout of the kuruwa (surrounding walls) and in the architecture of the mounds.
Japanese: 土塁の遺存状況は良好であり、曲輪の配置や土塁の構築法には近世的な平城の特徴をうかがうことができる。
English: The honmaru (main enclosure) retains the vestiges of a tankaku (single enclosure) style castle residence and is considered to have been the central part of Sugaya residence during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 本丸は単郭式の城館の面影をよくとどめており、鎌倉時代における菅谷館の中心部分と考えられる。
English: It is a rare site of a castle residence from the medieval period and is well preserved.
Japanese: 中世館跡の遺構例としては稀少な遺跡であり、保存度もきわめて良好である。
English: It was designated a national historical site on May 26, 1973 as The former site of Sugaya-yakata Castle.
Japanese: 1973年（昭和48年）5月26日、「菅谷館跡」（すがややかたあと）として国の史跡に指定された。
English: However, part of the former moat site on the eastern side remains undesignated because guidelines for designated area were not determined at that time.
Japanese: ただし、当時指定管理方針が確定していなかったため東側の堀跡の一部が未指定に終わった。
English: In December of 1976, it was decided that Saitama Prefecture should manage the part of the eastern side moat site that remained undesignated in the 1973 designation, and that part was designated and added to the national historical site.
Japanese: 1976年（昭和51年）12月、1973年の指定において未指定とされていた東側堀跡の一部を埼玉県が史跡用地として管理することが決まったので、当該部分の追加指定がなされた。
English: On March 28, 2008, a national historical site covering a wide area was newly designated as the 'Hiki-jo Castle Ruins,' comprised of the former Sugaya-yakata Castle site in addition to the former Matsuyama-jo Castle (Musashi Province) the Sugiyama-jo Castle and the Ogura-jo Castle (Musashi Province).
Japanese: 2008年（平成20年）3月28日、菅谷館跡に松山城(武蔵国)跡、杉山城跡、小倉城(武蔵国)跡が加わり「比企城館跡群」としてあらためて国の史跡として広域指定された。
English: The irori fireplace, is a part of the floor that is squarely cut out and covered with coals in a traditional Japanese house to make a fire from charcoal or wood.
Japanese: 囲炉裏（いろり：居炉裏とも表記）とは、伝統的な日本の住宅において床を四角く切って開け灰を敷き詰め、薪や木炭などを熾すために設けられた一角のこと。
English: The firing system of a traditional Japanese house was composed of an Irori fireplace, a Kamado (cooking stove) exclusively for cooking, and a Hibachi (brazier) for human use.
Japanese: 囲炉裏は炊事専門のかまど、属人的な火鉢とともに、日本の伝統家屋の火の座を構成した。
English: .
Japanese: 日本の伝統的な民家は床敷きの部位と土間の部位が大黒柱を軸に結合した形態を取っている。
English: However, in some regions, the floored part along the side of the unfloored part was cut out.
Japanese: しかし、地域によっては床敷き部分の土間よりの辺に接して切る場合もある。
English: In addition, some Irori fireplaces in cold regions such as Tohoku are deep enough for one to put his/her legs down in the manner of a Horigotatsu (small table with an electric heater underneath and covered by a quilt, which is placed over an empty space so that one's legs are put down over the space).
Japanese: また、東北地方などの寒冷地には掘り炬燵のように足を下ろせる深い囲炉裏もある。
English: In some houses, multiple Irori fireplaces existed, and they were divided according to their class differences.
Japanese: 家によっては複数の囲炉裏が存在し、身分により使う囲炉裏が分けられていた。
English: If there are two Irori fireplaces in a house; a family Irori fireplace, which makes a fire from wood, is used differently from a guest Irori fireplace, which makes a fire from charcoal.
Japanese: 囲炉裏が2つある場合、薪を燃料とした家族の囲炉裏と木炭を燃料とした客人用の囲炉裏とを使い分けることもあった。
English: A luxurious jizaikagi (irori pot hook) or chagama (iron tea ceremony pot) was used in a smoke-free Irori fireplace where charcoal was used.
Japanese: また、煙のでない木炭の囲炉裏では贅沢な自在鉤や茶釜を用いることも多かった。
English: Nowadays, a zataku (low table) on which charcoal was fired in the center, or a large Hibachi (brazier) tend to be called `Irori.'
Japanese: 現在では大きな火鉢や木製のテーブルの中央で炭火を熾す座卓を囲炉裏と称することが多い。
English: The Irori fireplace is fundamentally an immovable unit, whereas a movable unit is called a hibachi.
Japanese: 本来的に囲炉裏は移動できない設備であり、移動のできるものは火鉢と称する。
English: The Irori fireplace, whose style varied according to region, naturally seems to have quite a few names, which also vary according to region.
Japanese: 地方により特有の形態を持つ囲炉裏は、当然のことながらその呼び名も地方により異なり、相当な数の呼び名があったと思われる。
English: The names that have been handed down until today are: ro, jiro, hijiro, yuru, yurui, yururi, inaka, enaka, hennaka, ennaka, iriri, ire, sitajiro, subuto, jiryu.
Japanese: 現在に残るものとして、炉、地炉、ヒジロ、ユル、ユルイ、ユルリ、イナカ、エナカ、ヘンナカ、エンナカ、イリリ、イレ、シタジロ、スブト、ジリュ、などがある。
English: In the old days, large wood pieces were often used for the Irori fireplace, whereas charcoal, which requires high cost, was exclusively used for hibachi.
Japanese: 古くは民家ではコストのかかる炭火はむしろ火鉢専用であり、囲炉裏では大割りした薪が用いられることが多かった。
English: In some regions, a whole stump was dug out from the ground and burned without being broken into pieces.
Japanese: 地方によっては切り株を掘り起こしたものを細かく割らずにくべることもあった。