nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Gennin (818 - December 14, 887) was a priest of the Shingon sect early in the Heian period.
Japanese: 源仁（げんにん、弘仁9年（818年）-仁和3年11月22日(旧暦)（887年12月14日））は、平安時代前期の真言宗の僧。
English: He learned Hosso kyogaku (the dharmalogy of the Hosso study) under Gomyo and studied Esoteric Buddhism under Jichie, and his kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor) was held by Shinga and Shuei.
Japanese: 護命（ごみょう）に法相教学を、ついで実恵（じちえ）に密教を学び，真雅・宗叡に灌頂を受けた。
English: In 878, he was appointed as naikubu-juzenshi (the 10 selected excellent priests for a Buddhist service in the Imperial Court), and in 883 was appointed as Gon no Risshi (a provisional rank in the lowest managerial position); then, in 885 he became Shosozu (junior secondary prelate) and the second manager of To-ji Temple.
Japanese: 878年（元慶2年）内供奉十禅師に任じられ、以後883年（元慶7年）に権律師、885年（仁和元年）に少僧都・東寺二長者に至った。
English: His disciples, Yakushin and Shobo, opened the Hirosawa school and Ono school, respectively, and eventually the Tomitsu (eastern esotericism) was divided into these two schools.
Japanese: 弟子の益信が広沢流を、聖宝が小野流を開いて、以後東密はこの2流に分かれた。
English: Sandai Soron is a general name for a religious conflict in the Soto sect, which started in 1267 and lasted for about 50 years.
Japanese: 三代相論（さんだいそうろん）は、文永4年（1267年）からおよそ50年間にわたった曹洞宗内の宗門対立の総称。
English: It is regarded as a conflict between conservatives, who complied with the relic teachings of the sect's founder Dogen, and reformists, who attached more importance to propagation among the common people.
Japanese: 開祖道元の遺風を遵守する保守派と民衆教化を重視した改革派の対立とされる。
English: Occasionally, the period in which Gikai was appointed as the third chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple through his resign is regarded as the first period, the period in which Gikai was reappointed and again resigned is regarded as the second period, and the period in which a conflict arose in the later years as to whether to accept Gikai as the third head priest is regarded as the third period.
Japanese: 永平寺3世義介の就任から退任までを1期、義介の再任と再退任までを2期、後に義介を3世と認めるか否かで生じた対立を3期とする見方がある。
English: When Dogen died in September 1253, his disciple Koun Ejo succeeded to the position of chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple and became the second head priest of the Soto sect.
Japanese: 曹洞宗の開祖道元が建長5年（1253年）8月に入寂すると、弟子の孤雲懐奘が永平寺住職を継ぎ、曹洞宗2祖となった。
English: There were two groups in the Soto sect at that time: a group of direct disciples of Dogen after he came back from the Sung (dynasty), and a group of priests who converted to the Soto sect from the Nihon Daruma sect as a group after Dogen established Kosho-ji Temple at Fukakusa, Kyoto.
Japanese: 当時の曹洞宗僧団は、道元の宋(王朝)からの帰朝以来の直弟子達と京都深草に興聖寺を開いた後に日本達磨宗から集団改宗した一派の2流があった。
English: Ejo belonged to the group of the Nihon Daruma sect, but since he was courteous and sincere he endeavored to achieve harmony and mediate the two groups; consequently, the conflict between the groups didn't rise to the surface.
Japanese: 懐奘は日本達磨宗の法系に属する人であったが温厚篤実で両派の融和調停に尽力したため、両派の軋轢は表面化する事がなかった。
English: Ejo, on one hand, faithfully complied with the relic of Dogen, but on the other hand he constructed the cathedral and established the rules of Eihei-ji Temple, sending Gikai TETTSU, his priestly nephew, to Sung to collect research and documents in 1262.
Japanese: 懐奘は道元の遺風を忠実に守る一方で永平寺の伽藍、規矩の整備に着手し、法甥にあたる徹通義介を弘長2年（1262年）に宋に派遣し調査、資料の将来にあたらせている。
English: When Ejo decided to resign in 1267, a conflict arose as to whether Gikai, who planned to proceed with maintenance and restructuring, or Gien, who regarded the compliance with the relic as the primal duty, should succeed the position as head priest.
Japanese: 文永4年（1267年）、懐奘が退任を決意すると整備改革のさらなる推進を図る義介と遺風遵守を第一とする義演のいずれを後任とするかで対立が生じた。
English: However, repulse against the rapid restructuring arose gradually, and those who did not practice the activities decided by Gikai appeared one after another, compelling Gikai to resign in the period of March to April of 1272.
Japanese: しかし急速な革新に対する反発は次第に高まり義介の定めた行持に従わない者が続出するなどして、ついに文永9年（1272年）2月に義介は退任する。
English: After Gikai resigned, Ejo was reappointed, but he died in 1280.
Japanese: 義介が退任した後、懐奘が再任するが弘安3年（1280年）に入寂する。
English: The problem of choosing a successor arose again, but there was no right person in the conservative group so, based on the wish of Ejo, Gikai was reappointed in Eihei-ji Temple.
Japanese: 再び後任問題が持ち上がるが保守派からは人を得ず、懐奘の遺志により義介が再び永平寺に入ることとなった。
English: Gikai tried to reconcile with the opposing group by changing the rules he had made to the old ones and so on, but since the conflict seemed to deepen, in 1287, after seven years had passed, he left Eihei-ji Temple and moved to Daijo-ji Temple in Kaga Province.
Japanese: 義介は自ら定めた行持を古規に戻すなど反対派との融和を図るが対立は深まる一方であり、7年後の弘安10年（1287年）永平寺を下山し加賀国大乗寺に移った。
English: On that occasion, many disciples who followed Gikai moved to Daijo-ji Temple also, resulting in the division of Dogen's group into Eihei-ji Temple and Daijo-ji Temple.
Japanese: この時、義介に従う多くの弟子も大乗寺に移り、道元の法系は永平寺と大乗寺に分かれることとなった。
English: After Gikai left, Gien was appointed as the chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple, but since the temple was impoverished due to the conflict and because Gien couldn't earn the trust of the Hatano clan, the Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding) of the Soto clan, the power of the temple rapidly diminished.
Japanese: 義介の下山後、義演が永平寺住職に就任したが論争による寺内の疲弊は甚だしく、また義演が開基波多野氏の信頼を得られなかったこともあって寺勢は急速に衰える。
English: Eventually Gien resigned too, and according to "Nihon Tojo rentoroku," he secluded himself in a small temple and never showed up again.
Japanese: 後に義演も退任し『日本洞上聯灯録』によれば小庵に閑居し再び世に出ることはなかったという。
English: It is believed that there was no chief priest in Eihei-ji Temple for a while, but when Gien died and Giun succeeded the position in November or December of 1314, a dispute arose as to whether Gikai should be counted as one of the successive chief priests of Eihei-ji Temple.
Japanese: 永平寺はしばらく無住状態になったと思われるが、正和3年（1314年）10月に義演が入寂し義雲が後任になると、永平寺の世代（歴代住職）に義介を数えるか否かで再び論争が起こった。
English: This dispute was settled by accepting Gikai as the third chief priest, but the honorary title of 'Chuko' (restorer) that Gikai had retained until then was withdrawn.
Japanese: この論争は義介を3世として認める形で決着するが、それまで義介に与えられていた「中興」の尊称は取り下げられた。
English: There is even a theory that it was late in the Edo period that Gikai was officially counted as one of the successive chief priests of Eihei-ji Temple.
Japanese: 義介が正式に永平寺の世代に数えられたのは、さらに時代が下り江戸時代後期になってからとする説もある。
English: Because Gikai and Gien both belonged to the group of the Nihon Daruma sect, the conflict shouldn't be regarded merely as a conflict between the group under the direct lineage of Dogen and the group of the Nihon Daruma sect.
Japanese: 義介、義演は共に日本達磨宗の法系に属しており、対立は必ずしも道元直系派と日本達磨宗派の対立として割り切ることはできない。
English: However, since Gien pointed out that Gikai had redundantly transformed shiho (to inherit the dharma from a priest master) from Ejo into the Zen of Dogen and the teaching of the Nihon Daruma sect when he was criticizing Gikai, fundamentally the characteristic as a conflict between the two groups can be seen.
Japanese: しかし義演が義介を非難する際に懐奘から道元禅と日本達磨宗の法統を重複して嗣法している点を挙げていることから、根底には両派の派閥対立の性格が認められる。
English: Nichizo (September 14, 1269 - December 19, 1342) was a Buddhist priest of the Nichiren sect who lived from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 日像（にちぞう、文永6年8月10日(旧暦)（1269年9月7日）-康永元年/興国3年11月13日(旧暦)（1342年12月11日））は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての日蓮宗の僧。
English: But he was oppressed by Mt. Hiei (Enryaku-ji Temple) and so on, and he received inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) three times between 1307 and 1321 to oust him from Kyoto.
Japanese: だが、比叡山（延暦寺）などの圧迫を受け、1307年（徳治2年）から1321年（元亨元年）までの間に3度京都から追放する院宣を受けた。
English: He was forgiven each time, and he erected Myoken-ji Temple at Shijo Kushige in 1321.
Japanese: そのたびに許され、1321年（元亨元年）に四条櫛笥に妙顕寺を建立した。
English: Afterward, praying for Emperor Kogen of the Northern Court (Japan) while praying for Kyoto Kanko (the Emperor returning to Kyoto) of Emperor Godaigo of the Southern Court (Japan), he influenced the religious belief of court noble and Samurai.
Japanese: 以後、南朝(日本)後醍醐天皇の京都還幸の祈願する一方、北朝(日本)光厳天皇の祈祷も行い、公武の信仰を集めた。
English: Ideologically Nichizo was different from Nichiren, who was critical of all power, in that he took Daigaku, who was a court noble, as a disciple and approached the Southern Court and the Northern Court.
Japanese: 公家出身の大覚を弟子とし、南朝及び北朝と接近したことなど、日蓮が全ての権力に対し批判的であったに対して、思想的な隔たりがある。
English: Nichijo (1298 - August 8, 1369) was a priest of the Nichiren/Hokke sect who lived during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 日静（にちじょう、永仁6年（1298年）-正平(日本)24年/応安2年6月27日(旧暦)（1369年7月31日））は、南北朝時代(日本)の日蓮宗・法華宗の僧。
English: It is said that his father was Yorishige UESUGI, a descendant of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and his mother was a daughter of the Ashikaga clan, and he was the uncle of Takauji ASHIKAGA, seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 父は藤原北家（ほっけ）の末裔上杉頼重、母は足利氏の娘と言われ、征夷大将軍足利尊氏の叔父とされる。
English: First, he studied under Nichii, jibuko (Minister of the Ministry of Civil Administration) (Hongaku-ji Temple [Shizuoka City], Suruga Province), and then under Makaichibo Nichiin, a distinguished priest who outdebated all sects according to the 'Kamakura denchu mondo' (Dialogue in the Palace of Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]); Nichiin passed down the Honsho-ji Temple in Kamakura, Sagami Province and the Honjo-ji Temple in Sanjo, Echigo Province to Nichijo.
Japanese: 初め治部公日位（駿河国本覚寺(静岡市)）につき、ついで摩訶一房日印（「鎌倉殿中問答」で全宗派論破の名僧）に師事し、日印から相模国鎌倉本勝寺(鎌倉市)・越後国三条本成寺を譲られた。
English: In his 'Kamakura denchu mondo,' he described how his mentor Nichiin won the debate when arguing against all sects in the inside of the palace of Kamakura bakufu (the Seii taishogun of the time was Imperial Prince Morikuni, and the regent was Takatoki HOJO).
Japanese: 師日印が鎌倉幕府（時の征夷大将軍は守邦親王、執権は北条高時）の殿中で全宗派を相手に論破勝利したことを「鎌倉殿中問答」として執筆した。
English: When he went to the capital in 1338, he moved Honsho-ji Temple in Kamakura to Rokujo Horikawa, Kyoto, and renamed it as Honkoku-ji Temple (written as 本国寺, written today as 本圀寺).
Japanese: 1338年（暦応元年/延元3年）に上洛し、鎌倉本勝寺を京都六条堀川に移して本国寺（現在は本圀寺）と改称した。
English: Nichijo's pupil Nichiden was passed down the Honkoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, and Nichijin (the founder of Jinmon lineage of Hokke sect; a lineage of Honzen-ji Temple) was passed down the Honjo-ji Temple in Sanjo, Echigo Province.
Japanese: 日静の弟子日伝(曖昧さ回避)は京都本国寺を、日陣（陣門流の祖。本禅寺系。）は越後国三条本成寺（新潟県三条市）を引き継いだ。
English: The lineage of Honkoku-ji Temple was called Rokujo monryu (the Rokujo lineage); it formed the two major lineages of the Nichiren sect in Kyoto along with the Shijo monryu (the Shijo lineage) of Myoken-ji Temple, which was founded by Nichizo.
Japanese: 本国寺の系統は六条門流と称され、日像が開いた妙顕寺の四条門流とともに京都における日蓮宗の2大門流を形成した。
English: Zonkaku was a Buddhist priest of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) who lived from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 存覚（ぞんかく）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての浄土真宗の僧。
English: Zonkaku was an outstanding educator in early Jodo Shinshu, and assisting his father, Kakunyo, endeavored to expand the teachings of Jodo Shinshu.
Japanese: 存覚は初期浄土真宗における優れた教学者で、父覚如を助けて浄土真宗の教線拡大に尽力した。
English: But they conflicted over the position of Rusushiki (custodian or caretaker of Shinran's Mausoleum at Otani) of Hongan-ji Temple, the management of the monto (followers) in the eastern Japan and so on, and disownments and reconciliations occurred between them repeatedly two times each.
Japanese: だが、本願寺留守職や東国における門徒への対応などをめぐり対立し、2度の義絶と和解が繰り返された。
English: He transcribed many religious scriptures for Ryogen of Bukko-ji Temple, and did many propagation activities in Kanto, Mutsu Province, Omi Province, Bingo Province and so on.
Japanese: 仏光寺了源への多数の聖教書写を初め、関東や陸奥国・近江国・備後国などで多くの布教活動を行った。
English: The following dates are for consistency with literature written in the old calendar (Senmyo Calendar; except for birth and death dates).
Japanese: 日付は、文献との整合を保つ為、旧暦（宣明暦）表示（生歿年月日を除く）とする。
English: He was born in July 18, 1290, as the first son of Kakunyo, the third head of Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 正応3年6月4日（1290年7月11日）、本願寺三世覺如の長男として、生まれる。
English: In 1303, he studied in Nara at the age of 14, entered into priesthood and received the religious precepts at Todai-ji Temple, and used the name 'Koshin' (興親).
Japanese: 乾元(日本)2年・嘉元元年（1303年）、14歳で奈良に遊学し、東大寺で出家受戒し、「興親」と名乗る。
English: In 1305, he became a Yushi of Toshimitsu HINO, and changed his name to 'Kogen'.
Japanese: 嘉元3年（1305年）、日野俊光の猶子となり、名を「光玄」と改める。
English: In 1310, he returned from Bishamondani-shomonin to the residence of Kakunyo at Otani, he endeavored to teach disciples by assisting his father.
Japanese: 延慶3年（1310年）、毘沙門谷証聞院より大谷の覚如のもとに帰り、父を補佐して門弟の教化に務めた。
English: In 1311, he lectured 'Kyogyoshinsho' to Nyodo (founder of Sanmonto school of Jodo Shinshu) at Omachi Senju-ji Temple in Echizen Province.
Japanese: 応長元年（1311年）、越前・大町専修寺の如道（真宗三門徒派開基）に「教行信証」を講述する。
English: In 1314, he was transferred to the position of Rusushiki of Otani-byodo Mausoleum for Kakunyo's illness.
Japanese: 正和3年（1314年）、覚如、病身のため、大谷廟堂の留守職を移譲される。
English: In 1317, he transcribed Shinran's autographic works, "Kanmuryojukyo Shuchu" and "Amidakyo shicchu".
Japanese: 文保元年（1317年）、親鸞自筆の『観無量寿経集註』『阿弥陀経集註』を書写。
English: In 1320, his eldest son 'Koso' (光祖) (the second child, the head of Nanzen-ji Temple in later years) was born.
Japanese: 元応2年（1320年）、長男「光祖」（第2子、後の南禅寺首座）生まれる。
English: In 1321, 'Otani-byodo Mausoleum' was converted to a temple and received the name 'Honganji' by Kakunyo.
Japanese: 元亨元年（1321年）、覚如により「大谷廟堂」を寺院化され、「本願寺」と号する。
English: In 1322, he was disowned by Kakunyo for the difference of opinions about kechimyaku keisho (Transmission of the Heritage; the secret transmission from the Great Master to only one disciple) of rusushiki and about the monto in the eastern Japan.
Japanese: 元亨2年（1322年）、留守職の血脈継承と東国門徒に対する意見の相違により、覚如に義絶される。
English: In 1324, at Ryogen's request, he wrote "Jodo shin yosho" (Notes on the True Essentials of Pure Land), "Shojin hongaishu" (Collection on the Original Intent of the [Shinto] Kami), "Jimyosho" (Notes on Holding Fast to the Name), and gave them to him.
Japanese: 元亨4年（1324年）、了源の求めにより『浄土真要鈔』、『諸神本懐集』、『持名鈔』を著わし、付与する。
English: In 1330, Ryogen transferred 'Yamashinakosho-ji Temple' to Shirutani (Shibutani), and changed the jigo (the name of a Buddhist temple) to 'Bukko-ji Temple.'
Japanese: 元徳2年（1330年）、了源は、「山科興正寺」を汁谷（澁谷）に移建し、寺号を「佛光寺」と改める。
English: In 1333, he moved from Kamakura to Bukko-ji Temple in Uriuzu, Omi Province.
Japanese: 正慶2年/元弘3年（1333年）、鎌倉を出て、近江瓜生津の仏光寺に向う。
English: On December 8, 1335 (old calendar), Ryogen was attacked and killed at Shichiri-toge Pass in Iga Province by villains.
Japanese: 建武2年（1335年）12月8日(旧暦)、了源、伊賀の七里峠にて賊に襲撃され、入滅。
English: In the same year, he wrote "Kecchi sho," "Hokke mondo," "Hoonki," "Shido sho" and "Senjaku-chugesho" (Commentary on Senjaku).
Japanese: 同年、『決智鈔』、『法華問答』、『報恩記』、『至道抄』、『選択註解抄』を著わす。
English: In 1353, he moved from the Priest housing in Rokujo Omiya where he had stayed for several years to Imakoji (Kyoto Jorakudai) in Otani and resided there ever since.
Japanese: 文和2年/正平(日本)8年（1353年）、数年間滞在していた六条大宮の坊舎を大谷の今小路（京都常樂臺）に移転し、以後そこに住す。
English: Genpin (734 - July 27, 818) was a priest of Hosso sect (The Dharama-Characteristics Sect of Buddhism) from the Nara period to the early Heian period.
Japanese: 玄賓（げんぴん、天平6年（734年）-弘仁9年6月17日(旧暦)（818年7月23日））は、奈良時代から平安時代前期の法相宗の僧。
English: He studied Hosso sect's teachings under Senkyo at Kofuku-ji Temple and then retired to Aimi County, Hoki Province, and moved to Tetta County, Bicchu Province.
Japanese: 興福寺の宣教に法相教学を学び、その後伯耆国会見郡に隠棲し、その後備中国哲多郡に移った。
English: In 805, he prayed for Emperor Kanmu's recovery from illness, and in 806, Genpin was appointed as Daisozu (the highest grade that can be held by one who has reached the second highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) but declined it.
Japanese: 805年（延暦24年）桓武天皇の病気平癒を祈願し、翌806年（延暦25年）大僧都に任じられたが玄賓はこれを辞退している。
English: Emperor Saga, a son of Emperor Kanmu, had also deep confidence in Genpin and, by his order, Genpin prayed for the recovery from illness of Emperor Heizei, Emperor Saga's older brother in 809, and received summer and winter gifts such as books and cloth for seven years starting in 811.
Japanese: 桓武天皇の子嵯峨天皇の信任も厚く、809年（大同(日本)4年）招請を受けて嵯峨天皇の兄平城天皇の病気平癒を祈願し、811年（弘仁2年）から7年間夏と冬に慰問の書や布を賜っている。
English: In 816, Genpin made the government of Tetta County, Bicchu Province accept iron instead of rice as tax while he was alive, which reduced the people's burden.
Japanese: 816年（弘仁7年）備中国哲多郡に対し玄賓在世中は庸米に代えて鉄を貢進させ、民衆の負担が軽減された。
English: Joto (740 - October 13, 815) was a Buddhist priest who lived from the Nara period to the beginning of the Heian period.
Japanese: 常騰（じょうとう、天平12年（740年）-弘仁6年9月4日(旧暦)（815年10月9日））は、奈良時代から平安時代前期にかけての僧。
English: Joto became a gakuso (scholar monk) of Daian-ji Temple, and later he studied at Kofuku-ji Temple under Yogen concerning the dharmalogy of the Hosso study.
Japanese: 大安寺の学僧となった後、興福寺で永厳（ようげん）に師事して法相教学を学んだ。
English: In 803, he was assigned as both the betto (chief monk of the temple) of Bonshaku-ji Temple and the kengyo (administrator) of Sofuku-ji Temple, but in June 805, he was assigned as the risshi (the third priestly ranking after sojo and sozu), and in September he was assigned as the shosozu (priest, junior second rank).
Japanese: 803年（延暦22年）梵釈寺別当と崇福寺検校を兼任し、805年（延暦24年）6月には律師、9月には少僧都に任じられた。
English: Zenshu (also known as Zenju, 723 - May 25, 797) was a Buddhist priest who lived from the Nara period to the beginning of the Heian period.
Japanese: 善珠（ぜんしゅ・ぜんじゅ、養老7年（723年）-延暦16年4月21日(旧暦)（797年5月25日））は、奈良時代から平安時代前期にかけての僧。
English: In 793, he was assigned as the chief priest of the kuyo (a memorial service for the dead) at Monju-do Hall on Mt. Hiei, and the following year, in 794, he conducted the completion ceremony of Enryaku-ji Temple's Konpon-chudo Hall as the doshi (head priest).
Japanese: 793年（延暦12年）比叡山文殊堂供養の堂達を、翌794年（延暦13年）には延暦寺根本中堂落慶の導師をつとめた。
English: In 796, as the doshi (head priest), he conducted the memorial ceremony with the Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) for the late MONONOBE no Komaro held at the command of Emperor Kammu.
Japanese: 796年（延暦15年）には桓武天皇の命により故物部古麻呂のための法華経供養の導師をつとめた。
English: In 797, he was assigned as the sojo (the official Buddhist priest in the highest position) due to his achievement in praying for the cure of the disease that had afflicted Imperial Prince Ate (Emperor Heizei).
Japanese: 797年（延暦16年）には皇太子安殿親王（後の平城天皇）の病気平癒祈願の功により僧正に任じられている。
English: He was one of foremost writers in the history of Nara Buddhism, and he left more than 20 literary works such as "Yuishikigi tozomyoki" (an annotation of Buddhist scriptures) and "Yuishiki bunryo ketsu."
Japanese: 奈良仏教の歴史の上で有数の著述家で、『唯識義燈増明記』・『唯識分量決』など20余りの著作が残る。
English: Yokan (or Eikan) (1033 - December 11, 1111) was a priest of Sanron sect (The Three-Discourse Sect of Buddhism) in the later Heian period.
Japanese: 永観（ようかん・えいかん、長元6年（1033年）-天永2年11月2日(旧暦)（1111年12月4日））は、平安時代後期の三論宗の僧。
English: He studied the esoteric teachings under Jinkan at Zenrin-ji Temple at the age of 11, Sanron teachings under Yukyo and Kenshin at Todai-ji Temple living in Tonan-in of the temple after accepting the precepts, and also Dharmalogy of the Hosso Study (The Dharama-Charactersitics Sect of Buddhism).
Japanese: 11歳で禅林寺の深観（じんかん）に師事し、受戒した後東大寺東南院に住して有慶（ゆうきょう）・顕真に師事して三論教学を学び、その他法相教学にも通じた。
English: At that time, he devoted himself to Jodo (Pure Land) sect, made Ichimanben Nenbutsu (ten thousand practices of the Buddhist invocation) the daily routine, and retired to Komyo-ji Temple (Ayabe City) in Yamashiro Province in 1062.
Japanese: この頃から浄土教に帰依して一万遍の念仏を日課とし、1062年（康平5年）山城国光明寺(綾部市)に隠棲した。
English: Then, he returned to Zenrin-ji Temple in 1072 to promulgate Jodo sect and encouraged followers to practice the nenbutsu, and established 'Yakuo-in' on the grounds of the temple which performed public services caring for the ill and so on.
Japanese: その後、浄土教を民間に布教するため、1072年（延久4年）に禅林寺に戻りそこに住し、人々に念仏を勧め、寺内に「薬王院」を設け、病人救済などの事業を行なった。
English: In 1082, when Yokan at age 50 was walking around the statue of Amida Nyorai, the main revered figure, reciting the nenbutsu as his daily routine, Amida Nyorai stepped down from the sacred platform and began to walk with Yokan.
Japanese: 1082年（永保2年）、50歳の永観が日課の念仏を唱えながら、本尊の阿弥陀如来の周りを行道していると、阿弥陀如来が須弥壇を下り、共に行道を始めた。
English: As Yokan halted in astonishment, Amida Nyorai turned around and said 'Yokan, you are slow.'
Japanese: 永観が驚いて立ち止まると、阿弥陀如来は振り返り、「永観遅し」と言ったという。
English: That is why the standing statue of Amida Nyorai, the main revered figure, uniquely turns his face to the observer's left.
Japanese: よって、本尊の阿弥陀如来立像は、顔を向かって左に曲げる独特の姿をしている。
English: After that, he was appointed as betto (the head priest) of Todai-ji Temple and declined, but assumed it when he was appointed again, and then renovated Shosoin (the treasure house) and so on.
Japanese: その後東大寺別当にも任じられて一旦は辞退したが再び任じられ、正倉院などを修理している。
English: Shinen (1153 - January 6, 1225) was a Buddhist priest of Kofuku-ji Temple from the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 信円（しんえん、仁平3年（1153年）-元仁元年11月19日(旧暦)（1224年12月30日））は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前期にかけての興福寺の僧。
English: He endeavored as betto (the head priest) to revive the temples after Nanto Yakiuchi (the Incident of Heishi (Taira clan)'s army setting fire to the temples in Nanto, southern capital - Nara) and laid the foundation for today's Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 別当として南都焼き討ちからの復興に尽力し、現在の興福寺の基礎を築きあげた。
English: He became Homu Daisojo (the head priest of temple affairs) and was appointed betto of Kofuku-ji Temple in 1181, succeeding to monzeki (the priest in charge of a temple where the doctrines of the founder of the sect have been handed down) of both Ichijo-in Temple and Daijo-in Temple, two major Inge (branch temple to support services of the main temple) of the temple.
Japanese: 法務大僧正となり、1181年（養和元年）興福寺別当に任じられ、興福寺内の2大院家であった一乗院・大乗院の両門跡を共に継承した。
English: With three other Inge: Ryugeju-in Temple, Zenjo-in Temple, and Kita-in Temple, he filled five positions among five influential Inge of the temple.
Japanese: 龍華樹院・禅定院・喜多院の3院家と合わせて興福寺内の有力5院家を兼帯するに至った。
English: His appointment to betto took place right after the destruction of the main halls in Kofuku-ji-Temple by Nanto Yakiuchi on January 22, 1181, accompanying the withdrawal of punishments to temples in Nanto by TAIRA no Munemori, who became Toryo (head of the clan) of the Taira clan after TAIRA no Kiyomori died of illness.
Japanese: 1180年（治承4年）12月28日の南都焼討による興福寺主要堂屋の回禄直後の、平清盛病没後平氏の棟梁となった平宗盛による南都諸寺への処分撤回に伴う別当就任であった。
English: His term of service lasted for about 10 years, and most of it was spent on matters related to the revival of Kofuku-ji Temple, such as negotiations with Imperial Court, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and the Fujiwara clan, and also the actual operations of the reconstruction.
Japanese: その後およそ10年に渡るその任期の大半は興福寺復興に伴う朝廷や幕府、それに藤原氏との交渉と、実際の再建事業に費やされた。
English: In September 1185, when Daibutsu-den Hall (the Great Buddha hall) of Todai-ji Temple held a ceremony for consecrating the newly made great statue of Buddha by inserting the eyes (thereby investing it with a soul), he worked as one of the seven priests who read the invocation at the ceremony, and he also worked for the ceremony to consecrate Daibutsu-den Hall as the officiating priest in 1203.
Japanese: 1185年（文治元年）8月に東大寺大仏殿開眼呪願師となり、1203年（建仁3年）大仏殿供養の導師をつとめた。
English: He mixed with Kanezane KUJO very often, who entrusted his son Ryoen to Shinen as a disciple, and offered religious support to the Kujo family with Jien and others.
Japanese: 一方で九条兼実と頻繁に交流し、その子良円を託されて弟子とするなど、慈円らとともに九条家の宗教的護持にあたった。
English: He was also deeply involved in shugen (mountaineering asceticism) and became betto of Uchiyama Eikyu-ji Temple, one of the temples which constituted a set group of Buddhist priests led by sanju-roku Shodaisendatsu (the 36 head priests of the Tozan school), which belonged to Tozan school of Shugendo (one of Japanese Buddhism), succeeding to his mentor Jinpan; he also held another post of Kinpusan kengyo shoku (a temple administrator in Mt. Kinpu) concurrently through many years until 1208.
Japanese: 修験との関わりも深く、師である尋範の跡を襲って修験道当山派の当山三十六正大先達衆を構成する一寺であった内山永久寺の別当職に就いたほか、1208年（承元2年）まで長らく金峯山検校職を兼任した。