nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Some people say that Emperor Temmu's age was purposely falsified since it was an embarrassing fact that the younger brother became the emperor before his older brother even though they are half-brothers with the same mother; but some argue that according to "Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)," Emperor Temmu's age was 16 when his father, Emperor Jomei, was enthroned, but it was said that he was 16 when his father died.
Japanese: これに対しては『「父親が違うとはいえ、兄を差し置いて弟が」ということでは体裁が悪いので、意図的に天智の年齢を引き上げたのだ』との主張があるが、『「日本書紀」に見える、天智の年齢16歳は父舒明天皇が即位した時の年齢だったのを間違えて崩御した時の年齢にしてしまった。
English: It was usual to have no successor to the Imperial Throne for some period (in fact, Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) and Empress Jito, who were in power before and after Emperor Temmu, took control of the government without having an enthronement ceremony).
Japanese: 』との反論、『古代においては珍しくなかった空位(実際、天武の前後に在位していた天智・持統も称制をしき、直ちに即位しなかった。
English: Some people have said that because "Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)" and other indicated history books are edited in different years and they are different in character, they cannot be treated alike."
Japanese: 』との反論、また「日本書紀」と指摘されているその他歴史書は編纂された時代も性質も異なる為、同一には扱えないとの意見もある。
English: There is a theory that the Isshi no Hen was a coup caused by Karu no Miko (Emperor Kotoku), in which Naka no Oe no Oji (Naka no Oe no Miko) lost his position.
Japanese: 乙巳の変は軽皇子(孝徳天皇)のクーデターであり、中大兄皇子は地位を追われたという説。
English: It has recently been indicated that Naka no Oe no Oji (Naka no Oe no Miko) and Sogano Iruka had a relatively good relationship and similar basic policies.
Japanese: 近年中大兄皇子と蘇我入鹿の関係が比較的良好であり、基本政策も似ていることが指摘されている。
English: Because there is falsification in the definition of Taika's reform in "Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)," this theory has become apparent.
Japanese: また、日本書紀の大化の改新の記述には改竄が認められることから、この説が唱えられるようになった。
English: This theory gets a lot of attention because it can explain Empress Kogyoku's abdication or the reason that the Soga Family (except Iruka) was not displaced from politics after the coup.
Japanese: また、この説では皇極天皇の退位の理由や入鹿以外の蘇我氏がクーデター後も追放されていない理由など、その他の疑問点も説明できるため注目を浴びている。
English: This is based on the theory that Emperor Kotoku sent a poem to his wife Hashihito no Himemiko (Emperor Tenchi's (Tenji) sister with the same mother) indicating that Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) was having an affair with her, which is contained in "Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)."
Japanese: これは、『日本書紀』に記載された孝徳天皇が妻の間人皇女（天智の同母妹）に当てた歌に彼女と天智との不倫関係を示唆するものがあるとするものである。
English: In those days, romance and marriage were allowed between half-sisters and brothers from different mothers but not between half-brothers and sisters from the same mother; however, in the comic story "Tenjo no niji (The Rainbow in the Sky)," by Machiko SATONAKA, it is described that there was a romance involving this kind of forbidden love; Hashihito no Himemiko was persuaded to marry with Karu no Miko (Emperor Kotoku), but she kept the relationship with Emperor Tenchi (Tenji), and Arima no Miko was furious after knowing this and became angry at Hashihito no Himemiko.
Japanese: 異母兄弟姉妹間での恋愛・婚姻は許されるが、同母兄弟姉妹間でのそれは許されなかったのが当時の人々の恋愛事情だったが、里中満智子作の天上の虹では実際に関係があった解釈がなされ、説得して伯父の軽大王(孝徳天皇)に嫁がせた後も関係を持った事をたまたま有間皇子に見られ、激怒した彼に叱責された場面等が見られる。
English: There is a theory that Hashihito no Himemiko ascended the throne as the princess of the previous Emperor but one and became an Empress after the death of Empress Saimei; however, for some reason her name was erased from the record.
Japanese: 斉明天皇の死後に間人皇女が先々代の天皇の妃として皇位を継いでいたのであるが、何らかの事情で記録が抹消されたという説である。
English: In the Man'yoshu ("The Anthology of Myriad Leaves)," "Nakatsusumera-mikoto" is considered to be Hashihito no Himemiko, and it is said that the one named "Nakatsusumera-mikoto" was a temporary Emperor until the enthronement of Emperor Tenchi (Tenji).
Japanese: これは『万葉集』において「中皇命」なる人物を間人皇女とする説から来るもので、「中皇命」とは天智即位までの中継ぎの天皇であるという解釈出来るという主張である。
English: If Hashihito no Himemiko was the same person as "Nakatsusumera-mikoto," there is a question why only she had this special name; alternatively, it is said that this name could have been for Empress Saimei, but there is no proof.
Japanese: もし間人皇女＝「中皇命」とすれば、なぜ彼女だけが特別にこうした呼称で呼ばれる必要性があったのかを考えられるが、斉明天皇だとする説もあり、必ずしも確証は無い。
English: It is hard to prove, since this is about political history with limited data; however, it is expected to have clearer information from close study in relation to the findings of archaeology.
Japanese: 政治史という性質・史料の制約などもあり、証明は困難ではあるが、考古学的成果との連携などとも含め、今後の研究の進展が待たれる。
English: He was respected as the Emperor of the Heian dynasty, and one of his poems is found at the beginning of "One Hundred Waka Poems (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets)."
Japanese: 小倉百人一首でも平安王朝の太祖としての敬意が張られ、冒頭に以下の歌が載せられている。
English: In ancient days, Mt. Kagu-yama loved Mt. Unebi-yama and fought against Mt. Miminashi-yama for love; there is no doubt we still fight for love between wives, as it has been the same since the age of the gods.
Japanese: 香具山は畝傍を愛しと耳成と相争ひき神代よりかくなるらし古へもしかなれこそうつせみも褄を争ふらしき
English: There was a samurai family--the Saionji clan in Iyo-no-kuni--as a major offshoot that used the Saionji surname.
Japanese: また、西園寺の名字を名乗った有力な支流として伊予国の武家西園寺氏がある。
English: Kintsune SAIONJI, who was a great grandson of Michisue, was confined by the imperial court during the Jokyu-no-ran War because, having married the niece of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, he was being watched over as a relative of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); after the war, however, Kintsune gained the confidence of the shogunate, wielded the real power in the imperial court through holding the office of Kanto Moshitsugi, and rose to the position of Daijo daijin (grand minister of state), raising the social standing of the Saionji Family.
Japanese: 通季の曾孫西園寺公経のとき、源頼朝の姪を妻としていたことから承久の乱に際して鎌倉幕府の縁者として警戒されて朝廷に幽閉され、かえって乱後に幕府の信任を受けて関東申次として朝廷の実権を握り、太政大臣にまでのぼって家格を高めた。
English: The family name of Saionji comes from the name of the temple Kintsune built at Bettei, in Kyoto (Kitayama-so, Kadono-gun, Yamashiro-no-kuni).
Japanese: 西園寺の家名は、公経が京都（山城国葛野郡北山荘）の別邸に建立した寺の名前に由来している。
English: This hall is also called Kitayama-dono Palace, and the current Kinkaku-ji Temple was built by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA after he was given this land by the Saionji Family.
Japanese: この堂は、別名、北山殿ともいわれ、現在の金閣寺は足利義満が西園寺家よりこの土地を譲られて建てたもの。
English: Since the generation of Kintsune, the Saionji Family gained support from the Kamakura shogunate and came to power that surpassed the sekke throughout the Kamakura era.
Japanese: 公経以来鎌倉幕府の後援を受け、鎌倉時代を通じて摂家をしのぐ勢力をもった。
English: However, since the generation of Sanekane's son Kinhira SAIONJI, the Saionji Family this time supported the Jimyoin-to genealogy when the Daikakuji-to genealogy started to keep a distance from the bakufu, thereby deepening the conflict with the Daikakuji-to genealogy.
Japanese: だが、その息子西園寺公衡以後は、大覚寺統が幕府から距離を置くようになると今度は持明院統を支援して大覚寺統との対立を深めた。
English: Thereafter, at the generation of Kinmune SAIONJI, the Saionji Family was dismissed from the post of Kanto Moshitsugi after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate.
Japanese: その後、西園寺公宗のときに鎌倉幕府が滅亡して関東申次の役を解任される。
English: Kinmune harbored Yasuie HOJO, who was a remnant of the Hojo clan, the assassinated Emperor Godaigo, who had started Kenmu-no-shinsei; plotted a rebellion to back the ex-emperor Gofushimi of Jimyoin-to genealogy; and was arrested and executed, the plot having been exposed by the betrayal of Kinmune's younger brother, Kinshige SAIONJI.
Japanese: 公宗は北条氏の残党である北条泰家(時興)を匿い、建武の新政を開始した後醍醐天皇を暗殺し、持明院統の後伏見上皇を擁立する謀叛を計画し、弟の西園寺公重の密告で計画が露見した事により公宗は逮捕、処刑される。
English: During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Kinmune's son Sanetoshi SAIONJI served Hokucho (Japan) and rose to the post of minister of the right, whereby the family name was restored.
Japanese: 南北朝時代には公宗の子西園寺実俊が北朝(日本)に仕えて右大臣にのぼり、家名を再興する。
English: In the early days of the Edo period, Saneharu SAIONJI welcomed Tokuhime, who was the eldest daughter of Kyumu NAGAOKA (also known as Tadataka HOSOKAWA), as the Midaidokoro (wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman) of the heir (later disinherited) of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, and invited her to accept the post of Sadaijin (minister of the left); moreover, Kyumu NAGAOKA offered various forms of financial support to the Saionji family, including donating a property that yielded 600 koku of rice (Menko-shuroku).
Japanese: 江戸初期には西園寺実晴が細川忠興の嫡男（後に廃嫡）細川忠隆こと長岡休無の長女徳姫を御台所に迎えて左大臣までのぼるが、長岡休無は西園寺家に種々の資金助成をし600石の遺産贈与もしている(綿考輯録)。
English: At the end of the Edo period, Kinmochi SAIONJI was adopted from the Tokudaiji Family of the same kaninryu, worked as a politician after the Meiji Restoration, served as prime minister, and had great influence as a genro on the political scene during the Taisho and Showa eras.
Japanese: 幕末に同じ閑院流の徳大寺家から西園寺公望が養子に入り、明治維新を経て政治家として活躍、内閣総理大臣などを歴任し、元老として大正・昭和の政界に重きをなした。
English: There is an anecdote that Kinmochi was not good at playing the biwa Japanese lute, which should have been the family business of the Saionji Family, and during Kinmochi's time in office as prime minister, the Emperor Meiji said out of mischief to Kinmochi, "For the first time in a long while, I would like to listen to biwa Japanese lute," and therefore he was forced to play the biwa Japanese lute in dire distress together with the officials of Utaryo in the Imperial Household Ministry.
Japanese: ちなみに公望は、西園寺家の家業である筈の琵琶の演奏が苦手であったが、首相在任中に明治天皇から悪戯半分に「久しぶりに西園寺家の琵琶が聞きたい」と言われ、宮内省の雅楽寮の職員と琵琶の共演をさせられて四苦八苦したというエピソードが伝わっている。
English: Mt. Hiei is a mountain that straddles the western part of Otsu City in Shiga Prefecture and the northeastern part of Kyoto City in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 比叡山（ひえいざん）とは、滋賀県大津市西部と京都府京都市北東部にまたがる山。
English: Mt. Hiei is the name for the Soji ridge, which is formed by two peaks: Daihiei (848.3m) on the border between Otsu City and Kyoto City's Sakyo Ward; and Shimeigatake in Sakyo Ward (838m).
Japanese: 大津市と京都市左京区の県境に位置する大比叡（848.3m）と左京区に位置する四明岳（しめいがたけ、838m）の二峰から成る双耳峰の総称である。
English: Next to Mt. Koya, it has long been an object of religious belief, flourishing with Enryaku-ji Temple and Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine on it.
Japanese: 高野山と並び古くより信仰対象の山とされ、延暦寺や日吉大社があり繁栄した。
English: Because of its location near the Kimon gate on the northeast side of Kyoto, Mt. Hiei is considered a castle guardian.
Japanese: 京都の鬼門にあたる北東に位置することもあり、比叡山は王城鎮護の山とされた。
English: The Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) calls Mt. Hiei 'Hienoyama', and records that Oyamakui no kami is enshrined on Hienoyama in Omi Province, and Narikabura is the object of worship.
Japanese: 古事記では比叡山は日枝山（ひえのやま）と表記され、大山咋神が近江国の日枝山に鎮座し、鳴鏑を神体とすると記されている。
English: Ever since Enryaku-ji Temple was founded on Hienoyama, Oyamakui no kami, as the god of the land, has been a guardian deity of the Tendai Sect and Enryaku-ji Temple; and a mountain-king sect based on him has spread in the area.
Japanese: 延暦寺が日枝山に開かれて以降、大山咋神は地主神として天台宗・延暦寺の守護神とされ、大山咋神に対する山王信仰が広まった。
English: Also, it is the mountain where Enryaku-ji Temple's Thousand-Day Circumambulation Practice is done, including a pilgrimage to the shrines at the peak of Mt. Hiei, and to Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine at its foot.
Japanese: また比叡山山頂の諸堂や山麓の日吉大社などを参拝して歩く延暦寺千日回峰行も行われ信仰の山である。
English: Hiking is popular, and a famous trail begins at Shugakuin in Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City and goes up Kirarazaka hill; another one on the Shiga Prefecture side begins in Monzenmachi, Sakamoto (Otsu City), and goes up through Mudojidani valley.
Japanese: 登山も盛んで、代表的な登山口としては京都市左京区修学院から登る雲母坂、滋賀県側の門前町・坂本(大津市)から無動寺谷を通って登る登山道などがある。
English: The path on Kirarazaka hill has long been used by monks, monk soldiers and imperial messengers traveling between Kyoto and Enryaku-ji Temple, and is still visited by many hikers today.
Japanese: 雲母坂は古くから京都と延暦寺を往復する僧侶・僧兵や朝廷の勅使が通った道であり、現在も登山客は多い。
English: Many tourists come on holidays, since they can reach the top via toll road, cable car, and ropeway.
Japanese: 有料道路やケーブルカー、ロープウェイで山頂まで行けるため、休日には観光客が多く訪れる。
English: There used to be a Mt. Hiei Amusement Park and a Mt. Hiei Artificial Ski Slope, but both were closed before 2002; the site of the ski slope is now a cosmos flower garden, and there is an art museum - Hiei Garden Museum - on the former location of the amusement park.
Japanese: かつては比叡山頂遊園地と比叡山人工スキー場があったが2002年までにすべて閉鎖され、スキー場の跡地はコスモス園、山頂遊園地の跡地は美術館「ガーデンミュージアム比叡」になっている。
English: There was also a Forest Land Amusement Park in Yase, at the foot of the mountain on the Kyoto side, although that was closed on November 30, 2001, and a members-only resort hotel now stands in that location.
Japanese: また、京都側のふもとの八瀬には森のゆうえんち（森のゆうえんち）もあったが、こちらも2001年11月30日に閉鎖され、跡地には会員制リゾートホテルが建った。
English: The survey findings from the Geographical Survey Institute show the eastern peak as Daihiei, the western peak as Shimeigatake, and both of them together as Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 国土地理院による測量成果では、東の頂を大比叡、西の頂を四明岳、総称として比叡山としている。
English: According to "Ten no Ki" (The Record of Survey), the first-order triangulation point on the eastern peak is called "Mt. Hiei".
Japanese: 「点の記」では、東の頂に所在する一等三角点の点名を「比叡山」としている。
English: Although this marker is located at the border between Otsu and Kyoto cities, it is inside Otsu City.
Japanese: この三角点は大津市と京都市の境に位置するが、所在地としては大津市にあたる。
English: When one views Mt. Hiei from the Kyoto basin, it is difficult to see the Daihiei peak, so some think that Shimeigatake is the peak of Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 京都盆地から比叡山を見た場合、大比叡の頂を確認することが難しく、四明岳を比叡山の山頂だと見なすことがある。
English: The Keifuku Electric Railroad Eizan Ropeway has its Hiei Mountaintop Station placed on the Shimeigatake peak.
Japanese: 京福電気鉄道叡山ロープウェイにおいては、四明岳の山頂をもって比叡山頂駅と設定している。
English: There are conflicting opinions as to the proper way to write and read "Shimeigatake"; the GSI lists Shimeigatake/Shimeidake, while "Place Names of Kyoto" lists Shimeigatake and Shimyo no Mine.
Japanese: 四明岳の表記、あるいは読みには多数の説があり、国土地理院による「四明岳（しめいがたけ、しめいだけ）」のほか、「京都市の地名」では「四明ヶ岳（しめがたけ）」、「四明峰（しみょうのみね）」などを挙げている。
English: Mt. Hiei gets its alternate names, Mt. Tendai and Shimeigatake, from Mt. Tiantai and Mt. Siming, sacred mountains in the People's Republic of China that have associations with the Tendai Sect.
Japanese: 比叡山の別称である天台山、ならびに四明岳の名称は、天台宗ゆかりの霊山である中華人民共和国の天台山、四明山に由来する。
English: On the side of Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City, there are television stations that service the Kyoto Prefecture area.
Japanese: 京都市左京区の側には、京都府をエリアとするテレビ局の親局が設置されている。
English: The antennae have directional capabilities to prevent the signal from leaking to the Shiga Prefecture side.
Japanese: 滋賀県側に極力電波が漏れないよう、アンテナにはアンテナ指向性が設けられている。
English: NHK Osaka, NHK Educational Television, MBS Mainichi Broadcasting, ABC Asahi Broadcasting, KTV Kansai TV, and ytv Yomiuri TV signals can be received directly from Mt. Ikoma (both digital and analog broadcasting).
Japanese: NHK大阪放送局NHK教育テレビジョン、MBS毎日放送、ABC朝日放送、KTV関西テレビ放送、ytv讀賣テレビ放送については、デジタル・アナログとも、生駒山からの電波を直接受信して視聴する。
English: There are also many households that watch NHK Sogo from the Osaka broadcast on Mt. Ikoma.
Japanese: NHK総合についても、生駒山送出のNHK大阪総合を見るという世帯も少なくない。
English: The 53 posting stations on the Tokaido Road, which connected Edo (Nihonbashi (Chuo Ward, Tokyo) and Kyoto (Sanjo Ohashi Bridge) during the Edo period.
Japanese: 江戸時代に江戸（日本橋(東京都中央区)）と京都（三条大橋）を結んだ東海道の53の宿場。
English: The ukiyoe works painted by Hiroshige UTAGAWA depicted 53 posting stations (or 55, including the starting/ending stations).
Japanese: 東海道の53の宿場（或いは起点終点を含めた55）を描いた歌川広重作の浮世絵。
English: The "53 stations" of the Tokaido Road refers to 53 stations in 'Tokaido Road,' which is the major road running through the Tokaido region and is among five provinces and seven circuits(Gokishichido).
Japanese: 東海道五十三次（とうかいどうごじゅうさんつぎ）は、江戸時代に整備された五畿七道のうち、東海道を通る幹線道路（街道）「東海道」にある53の宿場を指す。
English: Many of the 53 stations are established in places where the scenery is beautiful, or in famous historic spots, and often served as the subjects of ukiyoe or waka/haiku.
Japanese: この53の宿場はそれぞれ風光明媚な場所や有名な名所旧跡に設けられている場合も多く、当時浮世絵や和歌・俳句の題材にしばしば取り上げられた。
English: Furthermore, when it is called 53 stations it refers to the road up to Kyoto, but when referring to the road up to Osaka the term 57 stations is used.
Japanese: なお五十三次と称す場合は京都までの場合であり、さらに大阪までを表す場合は五十七次となる。
English: *With respect to the local governments that became defunct as a result of the great Heisei merger, the names of former local governments are also listed.
Japanese: ※平成の大合併で消滅した自治体に関しては旧自治体名もあわせて表記する。
English: According to one theory, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA set the number of stations from Edo (Kanji characters with the same sound, 穢土, meaning unclean land) to Kyo (which means the land where Fugen Bosatsu (普賢菩薩) lives), based on a chapter from Kegon-kyo Sutra, in which Zenzai-doshi (善財童子) of 'Nyuhokkaibon (入法界品),' following the orders of Monju Bosatsu, achieved enlightenment at the place of Fugen Bosatsu, through 53 teachers.
Japanese: 一説によると、徳川家康は、華厳経の「入法界品」の善財童子が文殊菩薩の命により53人の師を経て普賢菩薩の所で悟りを開いたと言う一節から、江戸（穢土）から京（普賢菩薩の住まう所）への宿駅を五十三にしたと言われる。
English: As an extension of the Tokaido Road, the stations of the Kyokaido Road (Osaka Kaido Road) were established in 1619.
Japanese: 東海道の延長線として京街道（大坂街道）の宿場が元和5年（1619年）に設置された。
English: Furthermore, when entering the Kyokaido Road from the Tokaido Road, Sanjo-Ohashi Bridge will not be crossed, and the route taken will turn southwest at Higechaya-oiwake (髭茶屋追分) (Oiwake-cho, Otsu City), so the station following Otsu-juku Station will be Fushimi-juku Station.
Japanese: なお、東海道から京街道に入る場合は三条大橋は通らず髭茶屋追分（大津市追分町）で南西に折れるルート（大津街道）をとるため、大津宿の次は伏見宿となる。
English: Note: It was formerly Kyobashi Bridge (a bridge over Neyagawa-river, which is located between the Chuo and Miyakojima Wards of Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 注、かつては京橋（大阪府大阪市中央区(大阪市)と都島区の境の寝屋川の橋。）であった。
English: "The Pillow Book" is a zuihitsu essay (literally, "random jottings"), which is said to have been written by Sei Shonagon, a female writer who lived in the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 『枕草子』（まくらのそうし）は、平安時代中期の女流作家、清少納言により執筆されたと伝わる随筆。
English: The title was also written using Chinese characters such as '枕草紙' (Makurazoshi Notebook), '枕冊子' (Makura Sasshi), '枕双紙' (Makura soshi), and '春曙抄' (Shunsho-sho Commentary), and the oldest manuscript (called "maedabon" in Japanese), a copy of which was made in the Kamakura period, has a gold-lacquered casket with the Chinese characters "清少納言枕草子" (Sei Shonagon, The Pillow Book) written on it.
Japanese: 「枕草紙」「枕冊子」「枕双紙」「春曙抄」とも表記され、最古の鎌倉時代の写本前田本の蒔絵の箱には『清少納言枕草子』とある。
English: Together with "The Tale of Genji," this book is considered one of the twin masterpieces of Heian literature, and it had a great influence on the Renga (linked verse), Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), and Kanazoshi (old stories witten in the kana script) that followed.
Japanese: 『源氏物語』に比肩する中古文学の双璧として、後世の連歌・俳諧・仮名草子に大きな影響を与えた。
English: Along with both "Hojo-ki (The Ten-Foot-Square Hut)," written by KAMO no Chomei, and "Tsurezuregusa (Essays in Idleness)" written by Kenko YOSHIDA, it is called one of the three Japanese major lists, histories and satires.
Japanese: 鴨長明の『方丈記』、吉田兼好の『徒然草』と並んで日本三大一覧歴史・風刺と称される。
English: Its writing style is extremely individualistic: there is no similar book except "Gizan-zassan (Gizan Collection)," compiled by Shangyin LI (courtesy name Yishan), a poet of the late Tang dynasty.
Japanese: 極めて独特な体裁をとり、先行する晩唐の詩人李商隠（字は義山）の編んだ『義山雑纂』に多少の類似が指摘されるほか、類書は見当たらない。
English: According to an afterword to the book, her motive for writing the book and the origin of the title came from the episode in which, when Naidaijin (minister of the center) FUJIWARA no Korechika presented to his younger sister FUJIWARA no Empress Teishi and Emperor Ichijo a bundle of paper, which was still expensive in those days, the Empress inquired, 'Emperor used the paper to copy "Shiki (Records of the Grand Historian),' what do you think we could write on this?" to which Sei Shonagon answered, 'it (the book) would be good to use as a pillow.'
Japanese: 巻末の跋文によれば、執筆の動機および命名の由来は、内大臣藤原伊周が妹中宮藤原定子と一条天皇に当時まだ高価だった料紙を献上した時、「帝の方は『史記』を書写なさったが、こちらは如何に」という宮の下問を受けた清少納言が、「枕にこそは侍らめ」と即答した。
English: She was granted the paper (such episode being based on Sankanbon (version of manuscript), and both incomplete and complete versions of Noinbon (version of manuscript) have similar episodes describing the response that "it (the book) would be good to use as a pillow)," but the Sakaibon and Maedabon (versions of the manuscript) don't contain this episode).
Japanese: そして、そのまま宮から紙を下賜されたことによる。（三巻本系による、なお、能因本欠本「枕にこそはし侍らめ」、能因本完本「これ給いて枕にし侍らばや」堺本・前田本には該当記事なし）
English: "A study of the Pillow Book" written by Kazuhiko HAYASHI mentions his own view and some other past scholars' names such as Keichu, Shinobu ORIKUCHI, and Kikan IKEDA.
Japanese: 林和比古『枕草子の研究』によれば自説と過去の契沖、折口信夫、池田亀鑑などの研究者を挙げている。
English: Also, in the book of "Eiga monogatari (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes)," the term 'makura no soshi' as a common noun was used to describe the beautiful kasane (layering) colors.
Japanese: また、『栄花物語』に美しいかさね色を形容するのに普通名詞としての「枕草子」が用いられた。
English: According to the afterword, the first draft was written around 996, and Sachujo (guard of the Imperial Palace) MINAMOTO no Tsunefusa took the draft from the author's residence and brought it before the eyes of the world.
Japanese: 初稿の成立は同じく跋文によれば長徳二年（996年）頃で、左中将源経房が作者の家から持ち出して世上に広めた。
English: Some lines of "The Pillow Book," as quoted from the old commentary "Shimei-sho Commentary of 'The Tale of Genji,'" don't exist in the surviving manuscript, which suggests that the writing process was complicated.
Japanese: 源氏物語の古註『源氏物語紫明抄』に引かれる『枕草子』の本文には現存本にないものもあり、複雑な成立過程を思わせる。
English: It is a manuscript containing an okugaki (postscript) written in 1228 by a person called Bogyuguo, who seems to have been FUJIWARA no Sadaie.
Japanese: 耄及愚翁という藤原定家と思しき人物による安貞二年（1228年）の奥書を持つ諸本。
English: Korui (first class) - The opening 70 chapters, which start with the line, 'The best time in spring is dawn,' are omitted, and instead the manuscript begins with the line, 'Comfortable thing.'
Japanese: 第1類本（甲類）-「春は曙」をはじめとする冒頭の70話が脱落し「ここちよげなるもの」から始まる伝本。
English: Old book collection of Hamao YATOMI, book collection of Kariya City Library, old book collection of the Date family, old book collection of the KAJUJI Family, old book collection of Akika NAKAMURA, book collection of Koshido Bunko
Japanese: 弥富破摩雄旧蔵本、刈谷図書館蔵本、伊達家旧蔵本、勧修寺家旧蔵本、中邨秋香旧蔵本、古梓堂文庫蔵本
English: The priest Noin was related by marriage to Sei Shonagon (one of his sisters was a wife of TACHIBANA no Norinaga, a son of Sei Shonagon), and seemed to have something to do with handing down the manuscript.
Japanese: 清少納言と姻戚関係にあった能因法師（姉妹の一人が清少納言の実子・橘則長の室）が伝来に関係したとされる系統。
English: After arguing which book is more authentic, it is now widely accepted that the original book of Noinbon is inferior to Sankanbon.
Japanese: 三巻本との間で善本論争が繰り広げられた結末、現在は能因本の源流本が劣ることがほぼ定説となっている。
English: The postscript says KIYOHARA no Shigekata/Edakata copied the book, whose owner was Doha, a secluded monk who lived in Sakai, and therefore the manuscript is called Sakaibon.
Japanese: 堺に住む隠遁僧である道巴の所持本を清原枝賢が書写したとの後記があるため堺本の名がある。
English: Among them, the Sakaibon group Gokogoninbon was separately collected in two volumes of "Gunshoruiju (Japanese history book)," and three kinds of Sakaibon were collected in "Shinko Gunshoruiju (library)."
Japanese: このうち、堺本系後光厳院本は『群書類従』に上下分冊、堺本の3種目は『新校群書類従』に収録。
English: Additionally, Noinbon was used as a master copy in making the old plate of type in the early Edo period; therefore, it remained a dominant manuscript along with "The Pillow Book Bochu (marginal notes)" and "Shunsho-sho Commentary of The Pillow Book" (annotated by Kigin KITAMURA) until modern times.
Japanese: また、能因本は江戸時代初期（寛永年間）の古活字版に底本として利用されたため、『枕草子傍注』や『枕草子春曙抄』（北村季吟註）といった注釈書とセットになって近代まで伝本の主流を占めた。
English: However, in 1946, when Jutaro TANAKA (1917-1987) reevaluated the second class of Sankanbon, it came to be considered more important and was published more, being used as a textbook and read at school after the war.
Japanese: しかし、昭和21年（1946）になって、田中重太郎（1917-1987年）によって三巻本第2類本が再評価され、第二次大戦後はもっぱらその方が出版、教科書採用され読まれる状況となった。
English: Other existent manuscripts are seven chapters of "The Pillow Book Ekotoba (story in pictures)" made in the late Kamakura period, consisting of emaki (a picture scroll) with hakubyoga (ink line painting), and Sankanbon manuscript seems to have been used for the notes.
Japanese: ほかに、詞書の文章に三巻本伝本を使用したと見られる、鎌倉時代後期成立の白描画の絵巻物『枕草子絵詞』も七段分が現存する。