nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Additionally, as a major characteristic of Ju-kyo in Japan, Ko-gaku (learning about ancient teachings), such as Sei-gaku (learning about saints) (Ko-gaku), Kogi-gaku (learning about ancient morals), and Komonji-gaku (learning about ancient words), which directly and empirically studied scriptures such as the Analects of Confucius without referring to interpretation by Neo-Confucianism or Yomei-gaku in the later ages, were started by Soko YAMAGA, Jinsai ITO, and Sorai OGYU, respectively.
Japanese: また、日本の儒教の大きな特色として、朱子学や陽明学などの後世の解釈によらず、論語などの経典を直接実証的に研究する聖学（古学）、古義学、古文辞学などの古学が、それぞれ山鹿素行、伊藤仁斎、荻生徂徠によって始められた。
English: Throughout the Edo period, Ju-kyo took root in Japan mainly in the samurai family class, impacting Mitogaku and so on, and eventually connected to the thought of Sonno Joi (reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) to become one of the driving forces behind the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 江戸時代を通して、武家層を中心として儒教は日本に定着し、水戸学などにも影響、やがて尊皇攘夷思想に結びついて明治維新への原動力の一つとなった。
English: Meanwhile, among the common people, other than the few exceptions such as the Sekimon-shingaku (popularized blend of Buddhist, Shinto and Confucian ethical teachings) of Baigan ISHIDA, the thought of Ju-kyo hardly spread.
Japanese: 一方、一般民衆においては、石田梅岩の石門心学等わずかな例外を除き、学問としての儒教思想はほとんど普及しなかった。
English: Confucian funeral rites, which became common through danka seido (parishioner system), is one of the few exceptions, but edification of the types of virtue in Ju-kyo were attempted, for example, through the story of eight dog samurai and a princess of Satomi family in Nanso region by Bakin KYOKUTEI.
Japanese: 儒教的な葬礼が、檀家制度を通じ一般的となったのが、数少ない例外の一つであるが、儒教的な徳目は曲亭馬琴の南総里見八犬伝などを通じて教化がこころみられた。
English: The feudal period ended, and in 1885, the then Monbukyo (chief of Ministry of Education), Arinori MORI, issued an order to restrict Confucian ethics education.
Japanese: 封建時代は終わり、1885年に当時の文部卿森有礼によって儒教的な道徳教育を規制する命令が出された。
English: However, influenced by conservative scholars of the Chinese classics in the imperial court such as Nagazane MOTODA, the thought of loyalty to one's master and filial piety of Ju-kyo was adopted in the Imperial Rescript on Education, etc. and was promoted.
Japanese: だが、元田永孚ら宮中の保守的な漢学者の影響によって教育勅語などに儒教の忠孝思想が取り入れられ、奨励された。
English: The former Japanese Ju-kyo, or Neo-Confucianism was ethics for a limited target, such as samurai, certain farmers, and townsmen, but under the modern emperor system, it was imposed on all citizens.
Japanese: かつての日本的儒教＝朱子学は武士や一部の農民・町民など限られた範囲の道徳であったが、近代天皇制のもとでは国民全体に強要された。
English: Meanwhile, there were some like Eichi SHIBUSAWA, who preached that even in modern society, and even for people who are considered 'sophisticated modern people,' Ju-kyo's moral values are valid in certain areas such as the importance of social contribution.
Japanese: 一方、渋沢栄一のように「洗練された近代人」とされる人達の中でも社会貢献の重要性などにおいて、近代社会においてもなお儒教の道徳観が通用する部分もあることを唱えた者もいたが少数派に留まった。
English: After World War II, it was criticized as a feudalistic thought, convenient for the ruler, and its influence diminished, but lines from "The Analects of Confucius" are frequently quoted even today, and is a familiar thing for the Japanese people.
Japanese: 第2次世界大戦後、支配者に都合のよい前近代的な思想として批判を受け、影響力は弱まったが、現代でも『論語』の一節が引用されることは多く、日本人にとっては親しまれている存在である。
English: Researchers who consider Ju-kyo as a religion are a minority, but it was Ryuji YAMASHITA and Nobuyuki KAJI who opened the way to view the essence of Ju-kyo as religion in terms of academic research.
Japanese: 儒教を宗教として捉える研究者は少数派であるが、学術研究において儒教の本質を宗教としてとらえる道を開いたのは、山下龍二・加地伸行である。
English: Yamashita centered Ju-kyo around the gods and souls in the world and religious service for the ancestors, while Kaji defined religion as something that speaks about death, and claimed that ancestor worship was the essence of Ju-kyo.
Japanese: 、山下は天地鬼神や祖先への祭祀を儒教の中心に据え、加地は宗教を死を語るものと定義して祖先崇拝を儒教の本質としている。
English: In the long history of Ju-kyo, there is an endless list of various disputes including, the dispute between Kobun and Kinbun, the period of time to observe mourning, relation with Buddhism in terms of thought, and view towards law and Qi.
Japanese: 儒教の長い歴史の間には、古文・今文の争い、喪に服する期間、仏教との思想的関係、理や気の捉え方など様々な論争があって枚挙に暇がない。
English: In today's academic research, especially among debates in Japan, there is a debate on whether or not Ju-kyo is a religion.
Japanese: ただ現在の学術研究、特に日本における論争のひとつに、儒教は宗教か否かというものがある。
English: Currently, Ju-kyo is generally considered a kind of theory of thought and not a religion.
Japanese: 現在、儒教はあくまで思想論の一種であって宗教ではない、とする考えが一般的ではある。
English: However, since Moshi, it also preaches that everything is decided by Providence, and some point out that this is a concept which goes against materialism.
Japanese: しかし、孟子以降天意によって総てが決まるとも説かれており、これが唯物論と反する考えになっているという指摘もある。
English: Thus, opinions are completely divided on whether to view Ju-kyo as a thought or a religion, and this has often been the point of dispute.
Japanese: このため、儒教を思想とみなすか宗教とみなすかでは、完全に見解が分かれており、たびたび論争の焦点になっている。
English: Additionally, if Ju-kyo is seen as a religion, the fact that its creed does not include the idea of equality, and that having no concept of the afterworld, reevaluation after death is not possible, is perceived as a problem.
Japanese: また、儒教を宗教として扱った場合、教義に平等思想が無い事と死後の世界の観念が無い事による死後の再評価ができない事も問題視されている。
English: Above all, an overwhelming majority believe it is a thought that should not be treated as a religion, due to the fact that it completely denies the existence of god.
Japanese: 何よりも、神の存在を完全に否定している事から、宗教として扱われる思想ではない、という見解が圧倒的に多い。
English: The People's Republic of China (Communist Party of China) treats Ju-kyo as a thought of ethics, but as mentioned above, Ju-kyo activities are the subject of suppression, and are largely limited due to the idea that 'Ju-kyo is the counter reaction to revolution.'
Japanese: 中華人民共和国（中国共産党）は儒教を道徳思想としているが、前述の通り「儒教は革命に対する反動である」との理由から儒家の活動を弾圧の対象にし、大幅に制限していた。
English: This was because the thought of Ju-kyo was considered incompatible with Marxism, which was the foundation for communism.
Japanese: これは儒教思想が、共産主義の根幹を成すマルクス主義とは相容れない存在と捉えられていたためである。
English: Many of the Confucius Mausoleums within China were destroyed or damaged in the Cultural Revolution.
Japanese: 中国国内の孔子廟の多くは文化大革命時に破壊されたり損傷を受けている。
English: In Japan, the bakufu positioned Ju-kyo (among Ju-kyo, especially Neo-Confucianism) at the center of learning in the Edo period.
Japanese: 日本でも、江戸時代に、幕府が儒教（儒教の中でも、特に朱子学）を学問の中心と位置付けた。
English: Thus, at schools in the bakufu and domains where Ju-kyo (Neo-Confucianism) was taught, mausoleums enshrining Koshi were built and worshipped.
Japanese: そのため、儒教（朱子学）を講義した幕府や各藩の学校では孔子を祀る廟が建てられ崇敬された。
English: Shaved ice is a frozen sweet made from finely shaved or crushed ice that is flavored with syrup, for example.
Japanese: かき氷（かきごおり、欠き氷）とは、氷を細かく削るか、砕いてシロップ（またはシラップ）等をかけた冷菓。
English: Shaved ice is a chilled sweet made with shaved ice flavored with syrup, etc. (Recently, small chips of ice made by cracking ice rather than shaving the ice have been spreading and some call it "crushed ice").
Japanese: かき氷とは、削った氷にシロップ等をかけた氷菓である（近年は削ったというよりも砕いたような切片状の氷がまん延しており、「これでは砕き氷だ」という意見もある）。
English: In a broad sense, shaved ice covers a ready-made product available on the market that is mixture of finely crushed ice and various syrups in containers similar to ice cream in a cup.
Japanese: 広義には、出来合いの市販品としてカップ入りのアイスクリームと同様の器に細かく砕いた氷と各種シロップを混ぜたものも指す。
English: Many shops that sell shaved ice display a koribata (flag with red character "氷 (ice)" on white background).
Japanese: かき氷を売っている店では、氷旗（白地に赤い文字で「氷」と書かれた幟（のぼり））を掲げていることが多い。
English: In rites and festivals as well as at fairs held in summer in precincts of a shrine or temple, it is one of typical ennichimono (items to be sold at festival) same as "wata-ame (cotton candy)," "takoyaki (octopus dumplings)" and "yakisoba (fried soba)."
Japanese: 夏季に社寺の境内で催される祭礼や縁日などでは綿飴・たこ焼き・焼きそばとともに代表的な縁日物（えんにちもの）の一つである。
English: As a historical record, Sei-shonagon wrote in the section of "atenarumono" (what is elegant or good) in her "Makura no soshi" (The Pillow Book) "kezurihini amazurairete atarasikikanamarini iretaru."
Japanese: 史実上の記録は平安時代に清少納言の『枕草子』「あてなるもの」（上品なもの、良いもの）の段に、「削り氷にあまづら入れて、新しき金鋺（かなまり）に入れたる」と記述されている。
English: It means that Kezurihi (in the original sentence, "ketsurihi") prepared by shaving ice with a knife is put into a metal bowl and amazura, that is a type of vine, (it seem that sap from vine or juice from stem of Gynostemma pentaphyllum) is poured on top of the ice.
Japanese: 金属製の器に氷を刃物で削った削り氷（けずりひ、文中では「けつりひ」）に蔓草の一種であるアマヅラ（あまかづら・あまづら、ツタの樹液またはアマチャヅルの茎の汁と思われる）をかけたとの意味である。
English: In 1869, the first shop selling shaved ice with syrup was opened in Bashamichi in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture (This shop is also the first shop from which ice cream originated).
Japanese: 1869年（明治2年）、神奈川県横浜市にある馬車道で初めての氷水店が開店する（日本においてアイスクリームを発祥させた店でもある）。
English: Edward S. Morse, who was a botanist, recorded in his book that he ate shaved ice flavored with syrup around 1882.
Japanese: 1882年（明治15年）頃に博物学者のエドワード・S・モースが、かき氷を食べたことを自著に記している。
English: Sui: Sugared water abbreviated as sui, is a colorless gomme syrup, prepared by boiling down sugar.
Japanese: 水（すい）：砂糖水（さとうすい）を略して水と言い、砂糖を煮詰めて作る無色のガムシロップをかけたもの。
English: Sometimes, it is called "korisui" (iced water) "mizore" (sleety), "senji" (decoction), or "kanro" (honeydew).
Japanese: 「氷水（こおりすい）」・「みぞれ」・「せんじ」・「甘露（かんろ）」と呼ばれることがある。
English: Sweetened condensed milk: Condensed milk, often used as a topping in addition to standard usage.
Japanese: 加糖練乳：コンデンスミルク、単独でかけるよりもトッピングにされることが多い。
English: Most syrups like strawberry syrup do not contain any fruit juice and used artificial coloring, but there are some that contain fruit juice or the actual pulp of the fruit.
Japanese: イチゴシロップなどは、無果汁で着色料で色を付けたものがほとんどだが、果汁や果肉を混ぜたものも一部には存在する。
English: Ice cream: In certain cases, ice cream is placed on shaved ice as a topping.
Japanese: アイスクリーム：かき氷の上のトッピングとしてアイスクリームを乗せる場合もある。
English: Ujikintoki: Syrup, prepared by adding sugar and water to green powdered tea to give an ujicha flavor (famous as refined tea) is whisked using a chasen (a bamboo tea whisk), and poured onto shaved ice and kintoki, another name for red beans, as a topping.
Japanese: 宇治金時（うじきんとき）：銘茶として名高い宇治茶を連想させる抹茶に砂糖と水を加え、茶筅で泡立てたシロップをかき氷にかけ、アズキの別称の金時（きんとき）を載せたもの。
English: Usually, sweet beans are placed on green powdered tea and koshian (strained bean jam) is added in a ball-like shape.
Japanese: つぶ餡のばあいは、抹茶の上に載せるようにかけ、漉し餡の場合はボール状にして添えることが多い。
English: To contrast the color of azuki, kintoki, white ice, and green powdered tea, powdered tea is never poured onto red beans.
Japanese: 金時のアズキ色とかき氷の白、抹茶の緑の対比をさせるためにアズキの上に抹茶をかけることはない。
English: There is shaved ice using only uji (with only green powdered tea) and sometimes uji with milk is called "uji shigure."
Japanese: 勿論、宇治だけのものもある（抹茶だけ）、また、宇治にミルクをかけたものを「宇治時雨」と呼ぶことがある。
English: Kori azuki: Above-mentioned water is replaced with syrup and red beans are put on the top.
Japanese: 氷小豆（こおりあずき）：前記、水をシロップとしてアズキを載せたもの。
English: Sudamari gori: Ice poured with sudamari (soy sauce mixed with vinegar) a recipe handed down in the vicinity of Yamabe Town in Yamagata Prefecture.
Japanese: 酢だまり氷（すだまりごおり）：山形県山辺町周辺に伝わる酢醤油（酢溜まり）をかけた氷。
English: After the Second World War, during the depression, syrups could not be obtained and shaved ice without any additives was eaten.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後の貧しい時期に、シロップなどが手に入らず何もかけないかき氷が食べられていた。
English: The origin was akafuku mochi, a specialty of Ise in Mie Prefecture, served in July 1961 to sun bathers at beaches as a frozen sweets under the name of "Akafuku ice."
Japanese: 1961年（昭和36年）7月に三重県の伊勢名物である赤福餅を「赤福アイス」の名称で氷菓として海水浴客に供したのが興りとされる。
English: In summer, signs with red characters "赤福 (akafuku)" and blue character "氷 (kori = ice)," different from koribata, are displayed.
Japanese: 夏季には氷旗とは異なり赤福の赤い文字と青い氷の文字が書かれた看板が店先に置かれる。
English: Bean jam is koshian and rice cake, softer than shiratama dango (Japanese rice-flour dumplings), are prepared by pounding after being boiled.
Japanese: 餡はこし餡で、餅については白玉団子より柔らかく、ゆでた後に搗いた餅が入っている。
English: Shirokuma (polar bear): Famous frozen sweets often seen in Kagoshima Prefecture, place of origin, and Kyushu.
Japanese: 白くま（しろくま）：発祥の鹿児島県、および九州でよく見られる名物氷菓。
English: Fruit, like canned mandarin oranges and pineapple, are used and red beans used as a topping and condensed milk is poured over this.
Japanese: ミカンやパイナップルの缶詰などの果物を盛り込み、アズキを乗せ、練乳をかけたもの。
English: Frozen sweets in a cup or in the form of ice-lolly with this combination are also sold.
Japanese: この組み合わせでカップ入りの氷菓やアイスキャンディーも作られている。
English: However, the word "Zenzai" originally meant shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of rice cake) prepared with coarse sweet red-bean jam.
Japanese: しかし元来、「ぜんざい（善哉）」の語は関西などでつぶしあんの汁粉を指す。
English: Although some say "Plain should be called kachiwari, not shaved ice," there are a certain number of those who use the term shaved ice.
Japanese: 「プレーンはかき氷ではなくかち割りだ」とする人もいるが、中には愛好家もいる。
English: Yukikuma: In Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture that is well known for it's violent heat during the summer, shaved ice, for which local water is used, is devised as a part of movement to revitalize the town and eating and drinking establishments in the city compete to create their own original menu for shaved ice.
Japanese: 雪くま（ゆきくま）：夏の猛暑で知られる埼玉県熊谷市で、町おこしの一環として、地元の水を利用したかき氷を考案し、市内の飲食店でオリジナルかき氷を競作した。
English: Simple dishes prepared by putting canned mandarin orange or canned pineapple on shaved ice and adding the syrup from the can
Japanese: 缶詰みかんもしくは缶詰パイナップルを乗せ、その上に缶詰のシロップをかけただけの、シンプルなもの。
English: Using an ice shaving machine, a little amount of shaved ice is put into a dish and a ladleful of syrup is poured on top.
Japanese: 器にかき氷器を用いてかき氷を若干載せ、シロップをレードル（甘露尺）一杯分をかける。
English: Frappe: Originally, a type of drink prepared by pouring an alcoholic drink such as liquor onto crushed ice.
Japanese: フラッペ(Frappe)：本来はクラッシュドアイスにリキュールなどの酒類を注いだ飲料。
English: In Japan, it usually refers to shaved ice with syrup, and it became the same as shaved ice flavored with syrup.
Japanese: 日本ではかき氷にシロップをかけたものを指す事が多く、かき氷と同一のものとなっている。
English: In Japanese-style teahouses and sweet parlors, it is called kakigori (shaved ice flavored with syrup) and, in semi-Western and Western-style eating and drinking facilities, such as teahouses and parlors, it is called frappe.
Japanese: 和風喫茶や甘味喫茶ではかき氷と呼び、喫茶店やパーラーなどの和洋折衷または洋風の飲食店ではフラッペと呼ぶことが多い。
English: In Sennan district in Osaka Prefecture, such as Kishiwada City, you might be asked in the shop whether you want shaved ice "Kakigori or frappe" and if you choose frappe, the shaved ice will be pressed together before pouring on the syrup.
Japanese: なお、岸和田市などの大阪府泉南では、かき氷屋さんが「かき氷にする?フラッペにする?」と聞いてくることがあり、その際、フラッペを選択すると、かき氷を手でぐっと押し固めたものにシロップをかける。
English: Japanese style: Transparent glass dishes or wide-mouth dishes of cut glass are usually used to emphasize the coolness.
Japanese: 和風：涼しさを演出する透明なガラスや切子（きりこ）の広口の器を用いることが多い。
English: Around the end of the Meiji period, dedicated glassware called kori koppu (cup for ice) was introduced and this type of dishes had developed during the period from Taisho period to the Showa period just before the Second World War fully utilizing a technique called aburidashi (a technique of glass-works that motifs come to the surface by difference in temperature), etc.
Japanese: 明治の終わり頃から氷コップと呼ばれる専用のガラス器も使われるようになり、この器は大正時代から昭和の戦前頃まであぶり出し技法などを駆使した独特の発達を遂げた。
English: Western style: Glassware with a slim stem is usually used so that ice does not melt away from temperature of the hand when the dish is held.
Japanese: 洋風：器を手で持ったときに手の体温で氷が溶けにくいように細い脚が付いたガラス器を用いることが多い。
English: Smoothie-like shaved ice containing a lot of syrup or fruit juice is sometimes put in a glass cup.
Japanese: スムージーに近い、シロップや果汁の多い物もガラスコップ（グラス）に盛られる場合がある。
English: The origin of shaved ice is natural ice shaved with the blade of a cutting tool, and this method is used in Japanese food preparation even today.
Japanese: 天然氷を刃物の刃先で削ぎ落としたのが始まりとされ、この方法は現代でも日本料理で用いられている。
English: For a simpler way, we can use a vegetable slicer to do a similar job.
Japanese: さらに簡便な方法としては、野菜を薄切りにするスライサーを用いても同様のことができる。
English: Then, it is changed to slide ice, which is covered with a dish towel to prevent slipping, on a katsubako (Japanese food slicer) normally used for slicing dried bonito of which blade of plane is facing upward or a large plane can be used placed in same position as that of the above-mentioned slicer and dropped shaved ice is scooped up.
Japanese: その後、鉋の刃を上にしたカツオブシを削る鰹箱（かつばこ）、または前述のスライサーのような状態にした大鉋の上で滑り止めとして布巾などを被せた氷を滑らせ、削り落ちてきたものをすくうようになる。
English: In 1887, Hanzaburo MURAKAMI, who was an ice trader obtained a patent and became publicly known.
Japanese: 1887年（明治20年）に氷商の村上半三郎が特許を取得して公に知られるようになった。
English: A contemporary ice shaving machine rotates a block of ice on a pedestal, and the block of ice is shaved as it is pressed down against a saw-like blade.
Japanese: 現代のかき氷器は鉋状の刃のついた台座の上で氷の塊が回転し、氷をスライス状に削りながら氷の塊を繰り下げていく仕組みをもつ。
English: It is called an ice shaving machine, shaved ice maker, furappu meka (frappe maker), ice block shaver, or ice block slicer.
Japanese: 氷削機、かき氷メーカー、フラップメーカー、ブロックアイスシェーバー、ブロックアイススライサーなどと呼ばれる。
English: There are two types of ice shaving machines; one is for shaving ice to produce very fine particles of ice like powdered snow and the other to produce small chips of ice.
Japanese: かき氷器には粉雪のように細かい粒子のかき氷を削り出すことができるものと氷の薄い切片状のかき氷になるものがある。
English: Recently, the degree of dependence on ice trades, that was indispensable for obtaining ice in the past, drastically decreased because of newly developed small, high performance ice-making machines for ice cubes equipped with an ice stocker and various other electric consumer products.
Japanese: 近年、小型で高性能ながらアイスストッカー付きのキューブアイス用製氷機が出回ってきたことや各種電化製品の普及により、かつては氷を入手するために必須であった氷商への依存度が激減した。
English: In addition, the number of ice traders, who handle block ice called kaku gori (literally, square ice) weighing one kan (approximately, 3.75 kilogram) has been decreasing, and it became difficult to obtain and producing kaku gori took a long time.
Japanese: 加えて重さ一貫（約3.75キロ）の角氷と言われるブロックアイスを扱う氷商も減少傾向にあることから、長い時間をかけて空気を抜きながら凍らせた角氷の入手は難しくなってきている。
English: Furthermore, the number of ice manufacturers who can produce ice from naturally freezing water in winter the same way as natural ice forms and then stocking the blocks of ice in an icehouse until demand occurs, have declined.
Japanese: さらに天然氷のように冬の間に暴露で凍らせておき需要があるまで氷室（ひむろ）でストックできる生産者も減ってきている。
English: Therefore, manufacturers of the ice shaving machine shifted from machine for block ice to machines for producing cubed ice and shaved ice is divided into two types, powdered snow and small chips of ice.
Japanese: このためかき氷器の製造メーカーはブロックアイス用からキューブアイス用に移行し、粉雪状のかき氷と薄い切片状のかき氷に二分された。
English: For commercially used machines in the past, machines having a frame of cast iron equipped with a hand-driven handle on the side were main stream.
Japanese: 業務用は、古くは鋳物のフレームに大きな手回しハンドルが本体横に付いたものが主流であった。
English: Then, it was changed to one equipped with an exposed motor that rotates ice and, in recent years, it shifted to one with a built-in motor.
Japanese: 後に氷を回転させるモーターが剥き出しで取り付けられているものに代わっていき、近年ではモーターを内蔵したスタイルに移行している。
English: Ice shaving machines for ice cubes were produced resulting in shaved ice, not in the powder snow-like form, but fine chip-like ice.
Japanese: 併せてキューブアイス用のかき氷器が製造され、粉雪状ではなく細かい氷の粒のかき氷が普及するようになった。
English: For home use, the hand-driven type is popular and it uses ice produced using a dedicated cylindrical ice tray.
Japanese: 家庭用は手回しのものが多く、専用の円筒形の製氷皿で作った氷を用いる。
English: Nowadays, models that can produce shaved ice using ice cubes made in the usual ice tray are available.
Japanese: 近年では一般的な製氷皿で作るキューブアイスを用いてもかき氷を作ることができる機種がある。
English: As demand is high for use by children, many machines do not use a metal brace for safety sake.
Japanese: 主に子供向けとして需要が高いため、安全面から金属製の刃は用いられないことも多い。
English: Also, machines in the shape of animals that live in the arctic regions such as penguins or polar bears are on the market.
Japanese: またペンギンや白熊など寒冷地の動物を模した形状のものも発売されている。
English: Natsugori no hi (day of summer ice): Nihon Kakigori Kyokai (literally, Nihon Shaved Ice Association) established July 25 as the Natsugori no hi by making sound connection between natsugori (another name of shaved ice) and 7, 2, 5.
Japanese: 夏氷の日：日本かき氷協会が、かき氷の別名である夏氷の読みであるなつごおりを7,2,5と語呂合わせして7月25日を夏氷の日として制定。
English: If sugar is dissolved in the water before freezing it, the ice becomes smoother, drier and more tasty.
Japanese: 水を凍らす前に水に砂糖を溶かしてから凍らすと出来た氷がサラサラになっておいしくなる。
English: In the United States, its is called shaved ice or snow cone.
Japanese: アメリカではshavedice（剃り氷）、snowcone（円錐形の雪）と呼ばれる。
English: Mango Bing (芒果冰, Mango ice): It became popular since around 2004; it is prepared by adding a lot of cut mango and mango syrup and sweetened condensed milk.
Japanese: 芒果冰（マングォビン、）：2004年（平成16年）ごろから流行した、マンゴーの切り身をたっぷり乗せ、マンゴーシロップと加糖練乳をかけたもの。
English: It spread from a shop named "Ping Guan" (冰館, Ice Monster) in Taipei City in Taiwan to various places in Taiwan and also landed in Japan.
Japanese: 台湾台北市の「冰館」（ピングァン、）という店から台湾各地に広がり、日本にも上陸した。
English: There is also "Xue-hua-bing" (雪花冰, literally, ice of snow flakes) prepared from frozen milk rather than ice made from water.
Japanese: また、水ではなく、牛乳を氷らせたもので作るタイプのかき氷「雪花冰（シュエファービン、）」もある。
English: For your information, shaved ice is named in Taiwan by adding the character "冰(氷)" after the name of ingredients listed on top.
Japanese: ちなみに台湾のかき氷（）は、上に乗せる具の名前の後に「冰（氷）」という字を付けていう事がふつうである
English: Babao Bing (八寶冰, Eight Treasure Ice): Shaved ice having toppings of various materials starting with sweet boiled beans is called "Babao bing (八寶冰 (八宝氷))" in Taiwan.
Japanese: 八寶冰（バーバオビン、）：かき氷の上に甘い煮豆をはじめ、多くの具を盛り合わせた物をものを台湾では「八寶冰（八宝氷）」という。
English: According to your taste, you can choose fruit pulp, jam, fruit compote, resilient dumplings called QQ, rice noodles, nuts, sweetened condensed milk and eggs.
Japanese: 好みで果肉、ジャム、蜜煮の果物、QQと呼ばれる弾力のある団子、ライスヌードル、ナッツ、加糖練乳、鶏卵などが選べる。
English: Although its name includes red bean (Pa), it is different from kori azuki (shaved ice with sweetened red beans).
Japanese: 代表的なのがパッピンス（）で、名前には小豆（パッ）が付いているが、日本の氷小豆とは異なる。
English: Same as Babao Bing in Taiwan, plenty of materials such as red bean jam, canned fruits, and rice cake are included and characteristically soybean flour is often used for seasoning and it is completely paddled before eating same as in Bibimpa (rice with beef and vegetables in a hot stone bowl).
Japanese: 湾の八寶氷同様に、小豆餡、缶詰フルーツ、餅などの具が豊富に盛られおり、味付けによくきな粉を使う点と、ピビンパ同様に食べる前に徹底的に混ぜるのが特徴的。
English: Furthermore, there are various types such as Kwa-il Ping Su (果実氷水、 shaved ice with fruit) that do not contain red beans, but includes lots of fruit.
Japanese: 他に小豆抜きで、フルーツを乗せたクヮイルピンス（果実氷水、）など、いろいろな種類がある。
English: Halohalo: Philippine style shaved ice with plenty of toppings such as bean jam, nata de coco and ice cream.
Japanese: ハロハロ(Halohalo)：フィリピン風の、豆の餡、ナタ・デ・ココ、アイスクリームなど、豊富な具を乗せたかき氷。
English: Shiratama zenzai (che) (rice cake and ice cream with red bean sauce) containing mung beans and coconut is poured onto shaved ice.
Japanese: 緑豆やココナッツ入りの白玉ぜんざい（チェー/che）がかき氷の上にかかっている。
English: Shaved ice with sea food: In Taiwan, there is a shop that serves shaved ice with sea food toppings such as salty shrimp.
Japanese: シーフードかき氷：台湾には塩味のエビなどシーフードをトッピングしたかき氷を出す店がある。
English: Shiwasu, another name of December, is still frequently in use today to describe busy time at the end of the year.
Japanese: 十二月の別名「師走」は、年末の慌ただしい様子を表す月名として、現在でもよく使われている。
English: (Since 2007) If a national holiday falls on a Sunday, the following "non-holiday" becomes a holiday.
Japanese: （2007年以降）国民の祝日が日曜日である場合に、その直後の「国民の祝日でない日」が休日となる。
English: For example, if May 3, May 4, or May 5 falls a Sunday, May 6 becomes a holiday.
Japanese: たとえば、5月3日（憲法記念日）・5月4日（みどりの日）・5月5日（こどもの日）のうちいずれかが日曜日である場合に、5月6日が休日となる。
English: If the day between two other national holidays is not a Sunday or a national holiday, that day becomes a holiday.
Japanese: 前日と翌日が国民の祝日で、なおかつその日が日曜日もしくは振替休日でない日は休日となる。
English: In 2003, when the National Holiday Act was amended, depending on the year, there would be another holiday between Keiro no Hi and Shunbun no Hi.
Japanese: 2003年の祝日法改正によって敬老の日と秋分の日との間の日数が1日となって休日となる年も出ることになった。
English: "Sekku" (in Chinese characters, written as "節句") means seasonal turning point when a traditional annual event is held, peculiar to Japanese culture and customs.
Japanese: 節句（せっく）は、伝統的な年中行事を行う季節の節目となる日で日本の文化・風習のこと。