nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In it, they divided the fields between 'sonden' (damaged fields) from which harvest could not be expected and 'tokuden' (productive fields) from which harvest could be expected, and calculated and recorded the expected amount of tax to be imposed on the local area.
Japanese: 収穫不可な「損田」と収穫可能な「得田」に分類して在地における見込み租税額などを算定・記載した。
English: Shugai Sanjurokkasen is a collection of poems by 36 poets from the Muromachi period to the early Edo period following the example of Sanjurokkasen (36 Master Poets).
Japanese: 集外三十六歌仙（しゅうがいさんじゅうろっかせん）は、室町時代から江戸時代初頭にかけての歌人を三十六歌仙に倣って取り上げたもの。
English: The Himeji City Museum of Art houses an album by Hoitsu SAKAI depicting scenes from Shugai Sanjurokkasen.
Japanese: 姫路市立美術館に酒井抱一が描いた集外三十六歌仙の画帖が収蔵されている。
English: Bukeshisso is a term that relates to the Court-Bakufu (the Imperial Court and Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) relationship between the Muromachi bakufu and the Northern Court in Japan (the court noble government), and the term has the two following meanings:
Japanese: 武家執奏（ぶけしっそう）とは、武家政権である室町幕府と公家政権である北朝(日本)（朝廷）の公武関係（朝幕関係）に関連する用語で次の2つの意味がある。
English: One meaning is that of when the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Muromachi bakufu made a political request to the Northern Court (the Imperial Court) on a particular issue.
Japanese: 室町幕府の征夷大将軍が北朝（朝廷）に対して特定の事項に関する政治的要請を行うこと。
English: And the other is that it is a post set in the Northern Court (the Imperial Court) that relayed the bukeshisso from the shogun and vice versa, played the role of conveying the intention of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) and the emperor to the shogun.
Japanese: 北朝（朝廷）に設けられた役職の1つで将軍からの武家執奏を取次、反対に治天の君・天皇の意向を将軍に伝達する役目を果たした。
English: As a description of bukeshisso, it is written, depending on the record, in several different ways such as 'somon' (reporting to the Emperor), 'moshiire' (making a proposal to the Emperor) and 'kuchiire' (mediating two parties).
Japanese: 室町幕府の将軍による執奏は「奏聞」「申入」「口入」など記録によっていくつもの表記が存在している。
English: In general, on behalf of the Shogun the official who acted as the negotiator often made a proposal to perform bukeshisso for the post.
Japanese: 通常は将軍の意向を受けて朝廷との交渉役にあたる役人が、役職としての武家執奏に申入れを行うことが多い。
English: (Conversely, sometimes the official acted as the messenger to receive the message [kuge shigyo] from the Imperial Court or In no cho [Retired Emperor's Office], and convey the messages to the Shogun.)
Japanese: （逆に当該役人は朝廷や院庁からの幕府への申入れ（公家施行）を受け取って将軍に伝達する立場になる場合もある）。
English: Especially, in cases where a member of the Nikaido or Sasaki clans who acted as Toshi (messenger from the Kamakura bakufu to the Imperial court in Kyoto) was dispatched this was called 'buke moshi kotoba' (report informing the Court of the bakufu's intention).
Japanese: 特に鎌倉幕府時代に東使を務めた二階堂氏・佐々木氏らが使者に立てられる場合を「武家申詞」と称した。
English: Bukeshisso came to cover not only shoryo ando (the act of providing authorization for land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure) and bukekani (official court titles for samurai) but also almost all areas such as Court nobles' appointment and dismissal in the Imperial Court, kamon ando (providing authorization for family lineage), policies to temples and shrines and senshin (the dedicating of entitled documents and poetries) of Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command).
Japanese: 所領安堵や武家官位のみならず、公家の官職任免などの人事や家門安堵、寺社に対する政策、勅撰和歌集の撰進など朝廷のあらゆる分野に及んだ。
English: As a result, in 1358, the Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Yoshimoto NIJO was dismissed from the post after 16 years of service, by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA's shisso.
Japanese: その結果、延文3年（1358年）には関白二条良基が足利義詮の執奏によって16年務めた関白を更迭された。
English: In addition, when the retired Emperor Suko and Emperor Gokogon were in conflict over the investiture of Imperial Prince Ohito, Emperor Gokogon expected bukeshisso to support his biological son Ohito's investiture as Crown Prince.
Japanese: なお、崇光上皇と後光厳天皇が激しく対立した緒仁親王の立坊問題を巡って後光厳天皇は実子・緒仁の立坊を求める武家執奏を期待した。
English: However, as the shogun at the time was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was 13 years old, kanrei (shogunal deputy) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, the guardian of the Imperial Prince, repeatedly insisted that the Emperor make a decision over the matter, saying 'the Emperor should make a decision' and 'don't allow samurai intervention.'
Japanese: だが、当時の将軍は13歳の足利義満であり、後見である管領細川頼之は「可為聖断」「武家更難申是非」と慎重な態度を示し、あくまで天皇の聖断によるべしとの態度を示した。
English: HOSOKAWA's advice led to the Emperor's decision on his son's investiture and his abdication from the throne, according to "Gokoingyoki" (The Diary of Emperor Gokogon).
Japanese: これによって天皇は親王の立坊・譲位を決断することになった（『後光厳院御記』）。
English: The Southern Court managed to avoid the crisis of losing income due to the military campaign from the Southern Court, with military and economic support from the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 南朝(日本)の軍事的攻勢や戦乱による収入の途絶の危機を室町幕府の軍事力・経済力によって辛うじて回避していた
English: The Northern Court was not able to maintain its status without depending on the Muromachi bakufu, and as the Northern Court recognized this, it actively tried to be connected with the bakufu.
Japanese: 北朝（朝廷）は室町幕府への依存なくして成り立たず、北朝自身もこれを認識して積極的に幕府と結びつこうとした。
English: Because of this situation, the court nobles began to think that it was impossible to refuse bukeshisso.
Japanese: このため、武家執奏は拒むことは出来ないものという認識が広まるようになった。
English: In his letter to Kimitada SANJO in 1384, Emperor Goenyu wrote '執奏之下,無沙汰者,可為公家御咎也' and lamented the situation that not to obey the bukeshisso led to court nobles' sin.
Japanese: 永徳元年（1384年）に後円融天皇が三条公忠に充てた書簡の中で「執奏之下、無沙汰者、可為公家御咎也」と記し、武家執奏に従わないことは公家の咎になる現状を嘆いている。
English: Such situations developed into a decline in Imperial sovereignty (the transformation of the shogun into the King of Japan) of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: こうした状況が、後に足利義満による王権侵奪（室町将軍の日本国王化）へと発展した。
English: And because of the situation in the later Muromachi bakufu after Yoshimitsu, intervention by bukeshisso still continued.
Japanese: 義満以後の室町幕府においても引き続き武家執奏による朝廷への介入が行われることとなった。
English: Bukeshisso,' taking the other meaning, indicated the court noble who was in charge of conveying Chiten no kimi's inzen (decree from the retired Emperor) which was the imperial decision by the Northern Court or the emperor's Imperial order at the time of direct imperial rule to the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: もう1つの「武家執奏」の意味として、北朝の勅裁である治天の君の院宣や親政時における天皇の勅旨を室町幕府に伝達する役目を担う公家のことを指した。
English: It, conversely, also meant, as is mentioned above, to convey the bakufu's request to Chiten no kimi or Emperor through the opposite route.
Japanese: だが、それは前述のように反対の経路によって幕府側の要望を治天の君もしくは天皇へと伝達する役目を果たすことにもなった。
English: During the Kamakura period the imperial messages of Chiten no kimi or from the emperor were sent to the Kamakura bakufu or Rokuhara tandai (the bakufu's regional office) through Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu).
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に治天の君・天皇の勅裁は関東申次を経由して鎌倉幕府あるいはその出先機関である六波羅探題に伝達された。
English: As at the establishment of Muromachi bakufu the intention to resuscitate the Kamakura bakufu (military government) was included, the relationship between the bakufu and Imperial Court was intended to liken the one with the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 室町幕府の創設には鎌倉幕府（武家政権）再興の意図も含まれていたため、公武関係もそれに近い形での復活が意図された
English: (However, as the Muromachi bakufu, unlike the Kamakura bakufu, and the Northern Court (Imperial Court) were placed in the same city (Kyoto), the Muromachi bakufu did not need a liaison office, unlike for the Rokuhara tandai.)
Japanese: （ただし、室町幕府は鎌倉幕府と違って北朝（朝廷）と同一の都市（京都）に置かれていたため、六波羅探題のような出先機関を必要とはしなかったが）。
English: But Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was the last Kanto moshitsugi, was executed by the government of the Kenmu Restoration, and on kamon ando (providing authorization for family lineage) by Emperor Godaigo, the Saionji family was succeeded by Kinshige SAIONJI, who was on the Southern Court side and the younger brother of Kinmochi.
Japanese: だが、最後の関東申次であった西園寺公宗は建武政権によって処刑されて、後醍醐天皇の家門安堵を受けて親南朝派の弟西園寺公重が西園寺家を継いだ。
English: On the other hand, lawful wife Meishi HINO who became pregnant at the execution of Kinmochi gave birth the legitimate son (the later Sanetoshi SAIONJI) but he was too young to succeed the family.
Japanese: 一方公宗処刑時に懐妊中だった正室日野名子が生んだ嫡男（後の西園寺実俊）は余りにも幼すぎた。
English: As a result, Chiten no kimi (the retired Emperor Kogen) and the Muromachi bakufu confirmed the kamon ando through Emperor Godaigo, provided that the family protect Sanetoshi as successor.
Japanese: このため、治天の君（光厳上皇）と室町幕府は実俊を後継者として庇護することを条件として後醍醐天皇の家門安堵を追認した。
English: On the other hand, the problem over who would succeed to the duties of Kanto moshitsugi until Sanetoshi succeeded the Saionji family became apparent.
Japanese: 一方で、実俊が西園寺家を継承するまで関東申次を継承する役目を誰が引き受けるかが問題となった。
English: That is when Kanesue IMADEGAWA, who had been Daijo daijin (Grand Minister of State) during the era of Emperor Kogon, appeared.
Japanese: そこで、登場したのが光厳天皇時代の太政大臣であった今出川兼季である。
English: However, this promotion was nullified by Emperor Godaigo when the emperor returned to Kyoto after the Genko Incident, and even later as the Northern Court did not take measures to restore Kanesue's position, his nominal title was 'former Udaijin.'
Japanese: （ただし、後醍醐天皇が元弘の変後に京都に帰還した際にこの人事は無効とされ、その後の北朝も特にこれを取消す措置を取らなかったため名義上は「前右大臣」であった）。
English: Kanesue was the son of Sanekane SAIONJI, who took the duties of Kanto moshitsugi, and was Kinmune's grand-uncle.
Japanese: 兼季は関東申次を務めた西園寺実兼の子で公宗の大叔父にあたる人物であった。
English: From 1337, the year following the establishment of the Northern Court, Kanesue's shosoku (letters) and migyosho (document of shogunate order) along with the retired Emperor Kogon's inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) were sent to KO no Moronao, who was the steward of Takauji ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 北朝成立翌年の建武(日本)4年（1337年）より、光厳上皇の院宣とともに兼季の消息・御教書が足利尊氏の執事であった高師直充てに出されている。
English: And then, as he died of a disease in February of the next year, his son Sanetada IMADEGAWA succeeded his father's duties.
Japanese: 翌年正月には病没したことから、その役目は息子の今出川実尹が継承した。
English: But, as is mentioned above, this promotion was not thought to be a problem because he was recognized in the interim until Sanetoshi SAIONJI grew up.
Japanese: 前述の通り西園寺実俊の成長までの中継ぎと考えられていたため問題とはされなかったとみられている。
English: However, in 1342, three years after Sanekane SAIONJI's death by disease, Sanetada IMADEGAWA passed away suddenly.
Japanese: ところが、西園寺兼季病没の3年後の康永元年（1342年）には今出川実尹が急逝してしまった。
English: In reality, it is possible that he did not do many of his duties while he was working as a Toritsugiyaku (gentleman-usher between the Bakufu and Court) of the Imadegawa family.
Japanese: もっとも今出川家の取次役をしていた時期には十分な活動が行われていなかった可能性がある。
English: According to "Zoku Shigusho" (Historical work published in 1791), the decision to change the name of the era to 'Ryakuo' in the Imperial Court on October 19, 1338 was not conveyed to the bakufu, and it was not until October 25 that the seniors in the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA knew of the change.
Japanese: 『続史愚抄』によれば、建武5年8月28日(旧暦)に朝廷で行われた「暦応」改元の決定は幕府側には伝えられず、足利尊氏ら幕府首脳は9月4日(旧暦)になって初めて知ったという。
English: It was written in "Chinyoki" (an account of the raising to the throne of the Emperor Gohanazono in 1429) by Imperial Prince Sadafusa, who was the retired Emperor Kogon's grandson, that Tsuneaki was one of the most important close aides to the Retired Emperor Kogon.
Japanese: 経顕は光厳上皇の側近中最も重んじられた1人であったことが光厳天皇曾孫貞成親王の『椿葉記』に記されている。
English: Also, not belonging to the Saionji family, Tsuneaki was one of the descendants of Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, the first Kanto moshitsugi.
Japanese: また、西園寺家一族ではないものの、初代の関東申次であった吉田経房の末裔であった。
English: After that, Tsuneaki started to negotiate with the Takauji or so called Takauji's deputy group of KO no Moronao, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, about the issues between the Imperial Court and the bakufu.
Japanese: 以後、経顕が尊氏及びその代理と言える高師直・足利直義・足利義詮らとの間で朝幕交渉を行うことになる。
English: Tsuneaki did his duties for about 10 years, and during the period the procedures in relation to negotiations between the Court and the bakufu were established, and the office organization and name of 'bukeshisso' were consolidated, and the word bukeshisso began to appear in documents.
Japanese: 経顕の活動は10年余りであるがこの時期に朝幕交渉の具体的な手続などが整備され、「武家執奏」の職制と名称が定まり、文書にも登場するようになる。
English: (In a letter of representation of March 1370 by To-ji Temple in "Toji Hyakugo Monjo" [100 case documents of To-ji Temple], the words in the negotiations in 1351, between To-ji Temple and 'Kanshuji Ippon tokini bukeshisso' [Kanshuji, who was Ippon [First Order of an Imperial Prince] and Bukeshisso post at that time] [Tsuneaki KANSHUJI was Juichi [Junior First Rank] in 1370] were quoted.)
Japanese: （『東寺百合文書』さ所収応安3年（1370年）2月東寺陳述状には観応2年の東寺側と「勧修寺一品于時武家執奏（勧修寺経顕は応安3年当時従一位）」の間のやりとりが引用されている）。
English: On November 23, 1353, Sanetoshi SAIONJI was appointed bukeshisso in place of Tsuneaki KANSHUJI.
Japanese: 文和2年10月19日（1353年11月15日）、19歳の西園寺実俊が勧修寺経顕に代わって武家執奏に任じられた。
English: The appointment was greatly influenced by the fact that Kinshige SAIONJI had fled to Yoshino after his downfall at the Shohei itto as he had been suspected of having secret connections with the Southern Court, and no one objected to Sanetoshi being the successor of the Saionji family.
Japanese: これは前々年から前年にかけて発生した正平一統の際に西園寺公重が南朝方に通じたとして失脚して吉野に逃れ、実俊が西園寺家の継承者であることに異論を挟む者がいなくなったことが大きかった。
English: The chokusai (imperial decision) of Chiten no kimi was issued in the form of inzen, and in the case of direct rule by the emperor the chokusai of the emperor was issued in the form of rinji (the emperor's command).
Japanese: 治天の君・天皇の勅裁は治天の君の場合は院宣、天皇親政時には綸旨の形で出された。
English: Also, the Shogun ordered the steward (kanrei) and hikiuke tonin (chairman of the court justice) to issue a hosho (a document for informing lower-ranking people of the decision of higher-ranking people such as an emperor or shogun), which was equivalent to a shigyojo, to the samurai to whom the content of chokusai was supposed to be conveyed (buke shigyo).
Japanese: そして将軍が執事（管領）や引付頭人（内談頭人）に命じて勅裁内容を伝えるべき対象である武士に対して施行状に相当する奉書を発給した（武家執行）。
English: However, the procedures sometimes changed, depending on the rank of the bukeshisso himself or power relationships within the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: ただし、武家執奏自身の地位や室町幕府内の権力関係によって手続が変化する場合があった。
English: In cases where the chokusai was conveyed to the current or former ministers such as Kanesue IMADEGAWA and Sanetoshi SAIONJI (1224 or later), the messages of inzen and rinji were conveyed to the keishi (household superintendent) of the household in accordance with the court nobles' customary practice at that time, while in cases where the bukeshisso's rank was Dainagon (Chief Counselor of State) or lower, the messages were sent directly to the designated person.
Japanese: 今出川兼季や西園寺実俊（ただし、貞治3年以後）といった現職・前職大臣に勅裁を伝える場合には当時の公家社会の慣例に従って院宣や綸旨はその家の家司宛に出されたのに対して、武家執奏が大納言以下の場合には本人宛に出された。
English: Also, during the period of the father and son of Imadegawa, kuge shigyo was issued by the keishi in the form of shosoku or migyosho.
Japanese: また、今出川親子時代には公家施行は消息・御教書の体裁で家司によって発給されていた。
English: On the other hand, during the period of Tsuneaki KANSHUJI, although the documents took the form of shosoku or migyosho, they were issued in the form of jikijo (direct documents) by officials, and during the period of Sanetoshi SAIONJI, the formal shigyojo by officials were issued in accordance with the increasing power of the bakufu.
Japanese: これに対し、勧修寺経顕時代には体裁は消息・御教書であっても本人の直状によって発給され、西園寺実俊時代には幕府の影響力強化に沿う形で本人の直状である正式な施行状が発給されている。
English: In addition, kuge shigyo were issued to KO no Moronao, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who were the chief executive in practical works while Takauji ASHIKAGA was in the shogun's position.
Japanese: 更に公家執行の宛先も足利尊氏将軍在任中は高師直・足利直義・足利義詮ら実務の最高責任者宛に出されていた。
English: However, after Yoshiakira assumed the position of shogun, the address was changed to the shogun himself in accordance with the bakufu's policy to reinforce the shogun's power, which had started to be taken when Yoshiakira's father Takauji was alive.
Japanese: だが、義詮の将軍就任後は父・尊氏生存中から進めてきた将軍親裁権強化の方針に合わせて将軍自身に宛先が変更されるようになった。
English: But in 1382, as the shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA took the post of In no shitsushi (steward of the retired emperor), which was the chief of Inshi (official of In no cho, or retired emperor's office) in addition to the post of Sadaijin (Minister of the left), he took the charge of administrating people of tenso status or below.
Japanese: だが、永徳2年（1382年）将軍である足利義満が左大臣に加えて院司の長である院執事に就任して伝奏以下を指揮することになった
English: So, the system of relaying messages from Chiten no kimi to tenso, bukeshisso, and shogun of the Muromachi bakufu collapsed.
Japanese: このため、治天の君→伝奏→武家執奏→室町幕府将軍の図式が崩壊してしまう。
English: Therefore, it is considered that bukeshisso finished its purpose in approximately 1382 and was abolished.
Japanese: このため、永徳2年から遠くない時期に武家執奏はその役目を終えて実質上廃止となったと考えられている。
English: After that, the tenso who served the Chiten no kimi directly conveyed the messages to the shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was his superior, and the intention of Yoshimitsu or the bakufu officials including bugyo (magistrate) was in return relayed to Chiten no kimi or the Emperor through the tenso.
Japanese: その後は治天の君に近侍する伝奏が直接自分達の上司でもある将軍・足利義満に伝達し、義満もしくは奉行などの幕府役人の意向も伝奏を経由して治天の君・天皇に取り次がれた。
English: And even Yoshimochi, who was Yoshimitsu's son and was allegedly critical about his father's policies against the Imperial Court, also assumed the post of In no shitsushi of the retired Emperor Gokomatsu.
Japanese: そして、義満の朝廷政策に批判的であったとされる息子の足利義持もまた後小松上皇の院執事に就任している。
English: Therefore, it became customary for the tenso to directly relay the intention of the emperor or retired emperor.
Japanese: そのため、伝奏が将軍に対して直接天皇・上皇の意向を伝達するのが慣例となった。
English: Hoshi refers to officers of provincial government who administered ho, which was a type of Kokugaryo (the territories governed by a provincial government office) in medieval Japan.
Japanese: 保司（ほうし）とは日本の中世において国衙領の一種である保を管理する地方行政官である。
English: Although a theory has it that ho was a small-scale shoen (manor), ho was originally a shogunal demesne which was distinguished from sho, which were private lands.
Japanese: 保とは、荘園の小さなものと言う説もあるが、もともと天領のことで、私領を庄と言って区別していた。
English: On September 14, 1186, according to Azumakagami (The chronology of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo appointed TAIRA no Yasuyori as hoshi of Oe no ho, a shogunal demesne in the Province of Awa.
Japanese: 文治二年（１１８６年）閏七月二十二日（東鏡）源頼朝は平康頼を阿波国の天領麻植（おえ）保の保司に任命した。
English: Therefore nengu (land tax) collected from Oe no ho was customarily deposited with the Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 従って、麻植保から上がる年貢は、宮中にある内蔵寮へ納める事になっている。
English: Joden (定田) refers to rice fields which were designated, as a result of a kenchu (land survey) on territories belonging to shoen (manors) and koryo (public lands), as taxable lands in regard to the payment of kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes), shoto (tax on rice fields), nengu (annual tribute, land tax), and kuji (public duties).
Japanese: 定田（じょうでん）とは、荘園・公領に対する検注によって官物・所当・年貢・公事の賦課対象と認定された田。
English: The dimensions of the tax-free rice fields, however, could change as a result of an emergency kenchu in a time of disaster, and the dimensions of joden changed accordingly.
Japanese: しかし、恒例の検注及び災害時などに行われる臨時の検注によってその除田の総面積が変化するため、当然定田の面積にも変更をもたらした。
English: In the manors, myoden (rice-field lots held by a nominal holder), which were subject to nengu and kuji, were generally categorized as joden, but also any lands which were subject to zoyakumen (exception from all levies except the regular land tax) including the cultivation of fields and rice fields directly managed by the manor owners, as well as isshikiden (partially exempt fields), kyumyoden (rice fields given to an officer or a steward of a manor by his lord), and sanden (deteriorated rice fields) were included in the category.
Japanese: 荘園においては年貢・公事が賦課される名田を対象とするのが一般的であるが、荘園領主直営の佃・正作や一色田・給名田をはじめとする雑役免の対象地、散田などを含む。
English: The Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was a samurai government (bakufu) established in Kamakura (currently, Kanagawa City, Kamakura Prefecture) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府（かまくらばくふ）は、源頼朝が鎌倉（現在の神奈川県鎌倉市）に創設した武家政権（幕府）である。
English: According to an old popular theory, the Kamakura Bakufu was thought to have started in 1192, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed to seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") (hereinafter, shogun), but the power and governing system of Yoritomo had existed before that and now this theory is not believed.
Japanese: かつての通説によると、鎌倉幕府は、1192年（建久3年）に源頼朝が征夷大将軍（以下、将軍）に任官されて始まったとされていたが、頼朝の権力・統治機構はそれ以前から存続しており、現在ではこの説は支持されていない。
English: Also, it was regarded as "the first samurai government in Japan," but now it is seen as the one following Taira clan government.
Japanese: また、「日本で初の武家政権」とされたこともあったが、今では平氏政権に次ぐ武家政権と位置づけられている。
English: There are several theories regarding the period when the Kamakura Bakufu was established and the reason for this is that the Kamakura Bakufu underwent several stages before establishing the system of a samurai government (as mentioned below).
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府の成立時期については諸説あり、その理由としては、鎌倉幕府がその武家政権としての体制を整えるまでにはいくつかの段階を経ていることがあげられる（後述）。
English: Firstly Okura Palace was located in Okurago in Kamakura in 1180, and the Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers), which was an archetype of governing system of bakufu, was established and formed an actual samurai government.
Japanese: まず1180年（治承4年）に鎌倉の大倉郷に頼朝の邸となる大倉御所が置かれ、また幕府の統治機構の原型ともいうべき侍所が設置されて武家政権の実態が形成された。
English: Yoritomo was subsequently was appointed to kenkan (powerful post, official) Chief of the Councilor of State, Ukone no daisho (the chief of Ukonoefu, the guarding section) and obtained the right to open a Mandokoro (Administrative Board), domestic governing institution of lords of the manor, with Kugyo (the top court officials), and thus came to have the legitimacy of governing system and furthermore Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in October, 1183), the Bunji imperial sanction in 1185, and seii taishogun were declared.
Japanese: そして権官大納言兼右近衛大将に叙任され、公卿に列し荘園領主の家政機関たる政所開設の権を得たことで、いわば統治機構としての合法性を帯びるようになり、さらに1183年の寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、征夷大将軍の宣下がなされた。
English: At the battle of Dan no Ura in 1185, his clan's defeat of the Taira clan was decisive.
Japanese: また、1185年、壇ノ浦の戦いで平氏を滅ぼしたことは決定的であった。
English: This was why Kamakura Bakufu came to be established as a samurai government both in name and reality throughout the Kamakura period.
Japanese: こうして鎌倉幕府は鎌倉時代を通じて名実ともに武家政権として成立することとなった。
English: The regions over which the Kamakura Bakufu could exert a political influence were at first only the ningoku (place of appointment) of shogun, which was the Kanto region and the territories of the shogun, but gradually the regions expanded and after the Jokyu War, nationwide sovereignty was established.
Japanese: 幕府が政治的に影響力を及ぼすことができたのは、当初は将軍任国である関東と将軍所領のみであったが、次第にその範囲は拡大し、承久の乱で全国的な支配権を確立するに至った。
English: The Kamakura Bakufu ended in 1333 when the Hojo clan in Kamakura was defeated by the army of Yoshisada NITTA and his allies.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府は1333年に鎌倉の北条氏が新田義貞らの軍に滅ぼされて幕を閉じた。
English: The political form of samurai government called bakufu was inherited by the Muromachi bakufu and Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 幕府という武家政権による政治形態は、室町幕府・江戸幕府へと継承された。
English: In "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East), there are instances in which the residence of the shogun is referred to as "bakufu" but samurai government was not called "bakufu" at the time.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』に征夷大将軍の館を「幕府」と称している例が見られるが、当時、武家政権を「幕府」と呼んでいたわけではない。
English: They were called 'Kanto' by the Imperial Court and kuge (court nobles), 'Kamakura-dono' (lord of Kamakura) by samurai and 'Buke' (samurai family) by general public.
Japanese: 朝廷・公家は関東と呼び、武士からは鎌倉殿と、一般からは武家と称されることが多かった。
English: Bakufu was originally a concept which referred to a shogun's camp and when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed to Ukone no daisho, his house, the Okura palace, was called bakufu, but it was not a word for Kamakura bakufu as a samurai government established by Yoritomo, but a word for the private house.
Japanese: 幕府とは、そもそも将軍の陣所を指す概念であり、源頼朝が右近衛大将に任官したことで、その居館　大倉御所を幕府と称されたことがあるが、それは私邸を指す言葉であり頼朝の開いた武家政権としての鎌倉幕府を指す概念ではなかった。