nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to the official history from the Han generation through until the Sui generation, Wa and Tai were described as `Santo' (literally, mountain, island), which backs up the idea that Wa and Tai were in Kyushu as they were clearly perceived as islands at that time
Japanese: 漢代から隋代までの正史によれば、倭・俀は「山島」と明記されているので、倭・俀とは、明確に島であると認識されていた九州の他にはない。
English: It is possible that Yamato obtained information on the Tohoku region including the Tsugaru Straits during the Kofun period (tumulus period), when a number of keyhole-shaped mounds including Tsunozuka-kofun (the Tsunozuka Tumulus) in Iwate Prefecture were built in the Tohoku region.
Japanese: 岩手県の角塚古墳をはじめ、東北地方に多数の前方後円墳が築造された古墳時代には、津軽海峡の存在をはじめとする東北地方についての情報を大和が得ていた可能性もある。
English: From this, there came a theory that the statement in "Suishu" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), 'Its national boarders are five month from east to west and three months from south to north by a ship, surrounded by the sea,' is based on information of Honsyu brought by Yamato.
Japanese: このことから、『隋書』の「其國境東西五月行、南北三月行、各至於海（国境は東西五月行、南北三月行で各海である）」は大和からもたらされた本州についての情報によるとする説がある。
English: It is unknown whether these theories are consistent with the old statements before the Kofun period such as "Gokanjo"(historical records of the Later Han Dynasty) or Sangokushi (Annals of the Three Kingdoms), Gisho.
Japanese: これらの反論が『後漢書』や三国志『魏書』など古墳時代以前の古い記述には当てはまるかどうかは不明。
English: It was believed in the eighth century that the existence of Tsugaru Straits was recognized on the oldest map of the Japanese Islands (gyogi zu) that were developed in the eighth century.
Japanese: なお、8世紀には日本列島最古の地図（行基図）が作られ、日本国内では津軽海峡の存在が認識されていたと考えられる。
English: `倭人在帶方東南大海之中 依山島爲國邑 舊百餘國 漢時有朝見者 今使譯所通三十國'
Japanese: 「倭人在帶方東南大海之中依山島爲國邑舊百餘國漢時有朝見者今使譯所通三十國」
English: As described below, Wa no na no kokuo in (the oldest known seal in Japan) discovered on Shikanoshima Island in Hakata Bay is read as `the king' of `Wanonanokuni' in `Han,' and it is the Inju (the great seal) of the king of Wa (the king of Wanonanokuni), the vassal of Han.
Japanese: 以下のことから博多湾の志賀島で発見された倭奴国王印は、「漢」の「倭奴国」の「王」と読み、漢の家臣の倭国王（倭奴国王）の印綬である。
English: In a place not far from where the golden seal was discovered, the residential castle of `the king of Wana,' `Wanonanokuni' was located.
Japanese: 金印が発見された場所から遠くない場所に金印の所有者である「倭国王」の居城「倭奴国」があった。
English: Because the golden seals which the emperor gave to the king of Sakuho-koku (countries to confer a peerage with a Saku paper) haven't been inscribed in such a way that `the king of X of X in Han,' and the golden seals are to be given to a person of high rank, the golden seal was given to `the king of Wanonanokuni,' or `the king of Wakoku.'
Japanese: 皇帝が冊封国の王に与えた金印に「漢の○の○の国王」のような三重にも修飾した例が無い（金印は陪臣に与えるものでない）こと及び、高位の印であることからことから、この金印は「委奴国王」＝「倭国王」に与えられたものである。
English: Considering the seal system of Han and the role of the golden seal, FURUTA denied the popular theory and believed that the golden seal wouldn't be given to a small country which has as small a territory as Hakata.
Japanese: 漢の印制度および金印の役割から通説のように金印を博多湾程度の領域しか有しない小国が授かることはないと古田は考える。
English: The opening sentences of the article of Wakoku (Japan) of "Jiu Tang Shu" (Old Tang History) and some documents written after Jin Tang Shu contain the article of `Wakoku is Wanonanokuni in the old days [.Kanjo]).
Japanese: 『旧唐書』倭国条の冒頭等、それ以後のいくつかの書物に「倭国者古倭奴国也」等との記事がある（今の倭国は昔の（漢書の）倭奴国のことだという意味）。
English: It is located in the southernmost part of Wakoku (it is different from FURUTA's opinion), and is approved by Han as the country which represented Wakoku, where the person approved by Han as a king lived.
Japanese: 倭国の一番南の地にあって（古田の解釈は異なる）、倭国を代表すると漢が認めた国であり、漢によって王と認められた者の住む国である。
English: Since the character `倭' is simplified as `委,' it is assumed that `倭' had the same sound as `委.'
Japanese: 「倭」の字が減筆され「委」の字が使用されていることから「倭」は「委」と同じ発音であったと考えられる。
English: The golden seal should be read as `kanido kokuo' or `kanina kokuo.'
Japanese: 金印は「かんゐどこくおう」又は「かんゐなこくおう」と読むべきである。
English: Even today, in Korea, `wenomu' (倭奴) is applied to express Japan.
Japanese: 現在でも韓国・朝鮮では日本を現代語で「ウェノム（倭奴の漢字が当てはめられることがある。
English: According to "Gishiwajinden" (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in "The History of the Wei Dynasty") in the third century, the country which has a king is `Jo koku' and its an enemy country, `Kunakoku' only.
Japanese: 3世紀の『魏志倭人伝』で王が居る国は「女王国」および敵国の「狗奴国」のみである。
English: `Nakoku' was described in Gishiwajinden in two parts, but the king of Nakoku was not referred to in it even though the official or vice official was specified in a part.
Japanese: 2度登場する「奴国」の一方には官の正・副の存在が明記されているが王はいない。
English: In "Gishiwajinden" (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in "The History of the Wei Dynasty"), the distance and number of required number of days to Yamayai-koku in the same route are both described for accuracy.
Japanese: 『魏志倭人伝』は正確を期するため同じ行程を距離と所要日数とで二重に表記しているのであり。
English: Using this method, the distance and direction, considered to be difficult to identify, can be consistently explained.
Japanese: この方法であれば、従来は解決困難とされていた距離も方角も矛盾無く説明できる。
English: From this, it is believed that Ito koku is the destination of gishi, and jo koku was very close to Ito koku (Itoshima County, Fukuoka Province).
Japanese: つまり伊都國が魏使の目的地であり、女王國は伊都国（福岡県糸島郡）のすぐ近くにあったと考えられる。
English: 7000 ri + 1000 ri + (400 ri X2) + 1000 ri + (300 ri X 2) + 1000 ri + 500 ri = 11900 ri
Japanese: 七千里+千里+（四百里×2）+千里+（三百里×2）+千里+五百里＝11900里
English: * Because 方可 is stated, it is regarded as a half round of Tsushima Nanto (Tsushima province) and a half round of Iki, and is expressed as (400 ri X2) (300 ri X2).
Japanese: ※方可とあるので、対馬南島と壱岐をそれぞれ半周したと考え、（四百里×2）（三百里×2）とした。
English: In the latter part, it was stated that there was 12,000 ri from Daifang Commandery to Jo koku.
Japanese: 後のほうに「自郡至女王國萬二千餘里」とあり、帯方郡から女王國まで12000里。
English: Since there was a description of people from Yamatai-koku in "Suishu" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), Yamatai-koku as the capital of Wa probably existed until the seventh century.
Japanese: 『隋書』に「都於邪靡堆、則魏志所謂邪馬臺者也」とあり、邪馬臺国は7世紀まで倭の首都として存続したと考えられる。
English: However, as described in `Dazai-fu' (Wakyo) below that the capital of Wa in the seventh century was Dazai-fu, therefore, Dazai-fu (wakyo) is assumed to be the capital of Wa in Yamato, which is stated in "Suishu."
Japanese: ところが、下記「大宰府（倭京）」で説明するように7世紀の倭の首都は大宰府はであるので、大宰府（倭京）が『隋書』の伝える邪靡堆にある倭の首都のことと考えられる。
English: The distance from Itokoku to Nakoku is 100 ri, which means that the distance from Daifang Commandery to Nakoku is the same as the distance from Daifang Commandery to Jo koku, 12,000 ri.
Japanese: 伊都国から奴国まで百里、つまり帯方郡から奴国までが帯方郡から女王國までの12000里と同じ距離となる。
English: In Naka sites (the remains of Nakoku) in Hakata Ward, Fukuoka City, the nation's oldest site of a `road was found (7meters wide, 1.5 kilometers in a north-south direction) assumed to be developed based on `city planning' in the third century.
Japanese: また福岡市博多区の那珂遺跡群（奴国の遺跡）では3世紀頃の「都市計画」によって造られたとみられる国内最古の「道路（幅7メートル・南北へ1.5キロ以上の直線）」跡が見つかっている。
English: Furthermore, it is very close to Dazai-fu which was the capital of Wa (it is also close to Shikano-shima Island where the golden seal of Kanno Wano Nano Kokuo (the King of Japan, Chinese Colony), the seal of the king of Wa in the first century was found).
Japanese: 更に7世紀の倭の首都であった大宰府にも極めて近い（1世紀の倭国王の印である漢委奴国王の金印の発見された志賀島にも近い）。
English: This developed city (Nakoku) is believed to have been the capital of Wa during the third century.
Japanese: この計画都市（奴国）こそ邪馬壹國にあった3世紀の倭の首都であると考えられる。
English: As described below, `the five kings of Wa' is assumed to be the king of Kyushu, not the king of the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
Japanese: 以下のことから、「倭の五王」は畿内ではなく九州の大王であったと考えられる。
English: The year of the reign of `the five kings of Wa' is completely inconsistent with the year of the reign of each emperor in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 「倭の五王」の在位年と『日本書紀』での各天皇の在位年とが全く合わない。
English: It can be said that `the five kings of Wa' is not the great king of Yamato kingship because there is no record of the great kings of Yamato kingship who had Chinese style names consisting of one character such as San (讃), Chin (珍), Sei (済), Ko (興), (Bu) 武 like `the five kings of Wa,' and there was no case of a king of the eastern barbarians named by China without their permission.
Japanese: また、ヤマト王権の大王が、「倭の五王」のような讃、珍、済、興、武など1字の中国風の名を名乗ったという記録は存在しない、中国側が勝手に東夷の王に中国風の名を付けることなども例が無く考えられないので、「倭の五王」はヤマト王権の大王ではない。
English: While a war against foreign countries under the same royal throne continued, the ingression by Wa (Japan) to the Korean Peninsula continued 303 years, from the alliance with Kudara in 366 until the destruction of Goguryeo (kingdom of Korea) in 668 through the battle against Tang-Silla at Baekgang in 663.
Japanese: 同一の王権が大規模な対外戦争を継続しつつ倭（日本）による朝鮮半島への進出は、366年に百済と同盟してから663年の白村江での唐・新羅との戦いを経て668年の高句麗の滅亡までの303年間である。
English: It was eighty-one times that Wa (Japan) interfered with the Korean Peninsula in the affairs of politics, military, and diplomacy.
Japanese: 倭（日本）が政治・軍事・外交面で朝鮮半島に関わった年次は81回にも及ぶ。
English: It continuously occurred for almost 300 years at the rate of once every four years.
Japanese: これは4年に1回の割合でほとんど300年の間、連続的に起こっている。
English: It is recorded that Wa (Japan) kept dispatching a numerous armies consisting of over 10, 000 soldiers.
Japanese: また倭（日本）は万余の大軍を朝鮮半島に送り続けたことが記録されている。
English: The Kyushu dynasty theory states that military affairs put pressure on the people's livelihood, but it also states the Kyushu forces performed military activities on their own.
Japanese: (より)九州王朝説でも九州では軍事が民生を圧迫していたと考えるが、九州の勢力は独自に軍事活動を行っていたとする。
English: The independent forces of `Wa' that actively performed military activities in the Korean Peninsula built a number of giant kofun in Kinai region.
Japanese: 畿内地方に多くの巨大古墳を造ったのは、朝鮮半島で活発に軍事活動を行っていた「倭」からはある程度独立した勢力だったと見られる。
English: While some people say that the spread in tumulus culture shows the expansion of the forces of the Yamato kingship, the expansion in religious culture doesn't necessarily correspond to the expansion of authority.
Japanese: また、古墳文化の広がりをもってヤマト王権勢力の拡大と見なす意見があるが、宗教文化の広がりと権力の広がりとは必ずしも一致するものではない。
English: Some people say that the spread of the tumulus culture shows the spread of religious rituals, associating it with the Yamato kingship, that was not well-grounded.
Japanese: 古墳文化の広がりは宗教儀礼の広がりでもあり、これとヤマト王権が結びつくとの意見もあるが根拠は明確にされていない。
English: It is unreasonable to back up the expansion of the royal forces based on the spread of the tumulus culture.
Japanese: 古墳文化の広がりを以てヤマト王権勢力の拡大とするには証拠として無理がある。
English: Kofun (tumulus), tombs of local ruling families, were built in many places, showing the presence of local forces independent from the central government.
Japanese: 古墳は豪族の墓であり、これが各地で造られことは中央からは独立した地方勢力の存在を示すものである。
English: Features in the style of Kofun during this period vary from region to region, showing the presence of other independent forces in Izumo or Kibi.
Japanese: また、この時代は古墳の形態も地域によって特色があり、出雲や吉備等にも独立した勢力が存在したことを示している。
English: In the memorial to the Emperor by Waobu (the last king of ancient Japan) in 478 in "Sungshu" (Book of the Sung dynasty), there is a description 'we conquered east and west of Japan and also a country in overseas.'
Japanese: 『宋書』478年の倭王武の上表文で、「東征毛人五十五国、西服衆夷六十六国、渡平海北九十五国」とある。
English: If Wa was Kyushu, the location described in "Sungshu"can be identified in that 'east' refers to Chugoku, Shikoku, Kinai region, 'west' refers to Kyushu, 'a country in overseas' refers to the southern area of Korean Peninsula.
Japanese: しかし倭を九州とすると、「東の毛人」＝中国・四国・畿内、「西の衆夷」＝九州、「渡りて海北」＝朝鮮半島南部となり、比定地の特定が可能である。
English: If Wa was in Kinai region based on the common theory, the location can't be identified in that 'east' refers to Chubu, Kanto region, 'west' refers to Kinai, Chugoku, Shikoku, Kyushu region, 'a country in overseas' refer to nowhere.
Japanese: 通説のように倭を畿内とすると「東の毛人」＝中部・関東、「西の衆夷」＝畿内・中国・四国・九州、「渡りて海北」＝???、となり、比定地を特定することができない。
English: As described below, it is believed that the great king of Kyusyu paid tribute to China for generations since the age of the Han dynasty while the Kyushu dynasty had cultural exchanges with or battles against China and Korea on behalf of Japan.
Japanese: 以下のことから、漢代から代々中国に朝貢していたのは九州の大王であり、日本列島を代表して中国・朝鮮と交流・交戦していたのも九州王朝だったと考えられる。
English: According to Korean documents related to Wa (Japan) or Wajin (Japanese people) such as Gwanggaeto Stele or "Samguk Sagi" (History of the Three Kingdoms), and "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), Wa frequently dispatched troops to the Korean Peninsula almost at the rate of once every four years during the period from the alliance formation with Kudara in 366 to `the battle of Hakusukinoe' in 663.
Japanese: 広開土王碑、『三国史記』等の倭・倭人関連の朝鮮文献、『日本書紀』によれば、倭は百済と同盟した366年から「白村江の戦い（663年）」までの約300年間、ほぼ4年に1回の割合で頻繁に朝鮮半島に出兵している。
English: Any records that relate to these military activities were not retained, and there is no trace of the great king of Yamato kingship within the Kinai region.
Japanese: ヤマト王権にはこれらの軍事活動に対応する記録は存在せず、ヤマト王権の大王が畿内を動いた形跡もない。
English: To fight on the Korean Peninsula in ancient times without communications, the headquarters would require to be placed in northern Kyushu close to the battlefront, otherwise, timely and proper measures or orders for battle couldn't be carried out.
Japanese: 通信手段が未発達な古代にあって朝鮮半島で戦うには、司令部は前線近くの北部九州に置かなければ戦闘に間に合う適切な判断や指示は下せない。
English: In the age of the system of politics, rituals, and military affairs, which were not separate, a king must reside in northern Kyushu where the headquarters were situated.
Japanese: 政治、祭事、軍事が未分化の時代、必然的に王は司令部のある北部九州に常駐することとなる。
English: In other words, another king of Wa, who was not the king of the Yamato kingship, resided in northern Kyushu, where the capital of Wa was located.
Japanese: つまりヤマト王権とは別の倭王が北部九州に常駐し、そこに倭の首都があったことになる。
English: According to the official history of china, Wa and china exchanged envoys since the Han dynasty.
Japanese: 中国の正史によると、漢代から倭は代々使者を中国に送ったり迎えたりしている。
English: However, the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) or the"Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) didn't contain any records of envoys to or from China before ken-suishi (Japanese official diplomatic delegations sent to China during the Sui dynasty).
Japanese: 『日本書紀』、『古事記』には遣隋使以前に中国へ使節を送った記録も、迎えた記録も無い。
English: Furthermore, it is said that the ken-suishi in the early period were not familiar with diplomatic courtesy and they visited China without the sovereign's message, which is questionable because Wa should have been very familiar with the social system, culture, or diplomatic courtesies in China from the longtime cultural exchange (the first ken-suishi was not described in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), was described only in Suishu (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), while ken-suishi was described as `kento-shi' (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: また、倭は長い交流を通じて中国の社会制度・文化や外交儀礼に詳しいはずなのに、初期の遣隋使派遣では、ヤマト王権は外交儀礼に疎く、国書も持たず遣使したとされる（第1回遣隋使派遣は『日本書紀』に記載がなく『隋書』にあるのみ、また『日本書紀』では遣隋使のことが「遣唐使」となっている）。
English: In addition, since it has been said that many of Chinese social system and culture were directly transferred for the first time by ken-suishi, kento-shi, and students accompanied them, before kensui-shi and kento-shi went to China, almost no Chinese social system and culture hadn't been transferred to Yamato kingship in Kinai region, so Wa and Yamato kingship in Kinai region were obviously different.
Japanese: 更に遣隋使・遣唐使とこれに随伴した留学生達によって、畿内ヤマトに中国の社会制度・文化の多くが初めて直接伝えられたとされていることから、遣隋使・遣唐使以前は畿内ヤマトには中国の社会制度・文化は殆ど伝わっておらず、倭と畿内ヤマトとは明らかに別物である。
English: It would appear that Wa had a high level of seamanship and the ability to travel across the ocean in that Wa continuously fought on the Korean Peninsula more than a few centuries and in `the battle of Hakusukinoe,' they dispatched one thousand warships and several tens of thousands of soldiers to fight against Suigun (warriors battle in the sea) of Tang at sea.
Japanese: 倭は朝鮮半島で数世紀に渡って継続的な戦闘を続け、「白村江の戦い」では約1千隻の軍船・数万の軍勢を派遣し唐の水軍と大海戦を行うなど、高い航海術・渡海能力を有していたと考えられる。
English: Compared with the Wakoku army, the success rate of voyage for the Kentoshi ship dispatched by Yamato kingship was only around fifty-percent, which shows that their seamanship was very primitive.
Japanese: だが、この倭国軍に比べ、ヤマト王権の派遣した遣唐使船の航海の成功率は50%程度しかなく、航海技術が極めて稚拙である。
English: The description, 'the emperor and the imperial prince of Japan has past away' from "History of Baekje" (one of three books of Paekche [Original Records of Paekche, Records of Paekche, and The New Selection of Paeche], a lost document which is different from "History of Baekje"of Samguk Sagi [History of the Three Kingdoms]) was cited in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) in 531.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』に『百済本紀』（百済三書の一つ、三国史記の『百済本紀』とは異なる逸失書）から531年に「日本天皇及太子皇子、倶崩薨。」という記述が引用されている。
English: In Kudara (Baekje, Paekche), it was recognized that the Iwai family, the family of the emperor of Japan, was destroyed in the `Iwai Rebellion.'
Japanese: 「磐井の乱」について百済では日本の天皇である磐井一族が滅ぼされたと認識していた。
English: In the Iwatoyama Tumulus (keyhole-shaped mound), regarded as a tomb of Iwai, Tsukushi Province, Yame County, Fukuoka Prefecture, the place called gato where rituals and politics were performed, and the stone figure of a judge called tokibe are located.
Japanese: 福岡県八女郡、筑紫国磐井の墳墓とされる岩戸山古墳（前方後円墳）には、衙頭（がとう）と呼ばれる祭政を行う場所や解部（ときべ）と呼ばれる裁判官の石像がある。
English: This provides evidence that a dynasty was in Kyushu as well as the ritsuryo codes in Kyusyu.
Japanese: これは九州に律令があったことを示すもので、九州に王朝があった証拠である。
English: As described below, it can be said that Umayadono-Oji (Prince Umayado) is a different person from `Hiizurutokoronotenshi' (Prince Shotoku), and `Hiizurutokoronotenshi' was a person of the Kyushu dynasty who was deeply devoted to Kan I junikai (twelve grades of cap rank), the establishment of the Seventeen Article Constitution, the dispatch of Ken-suishi, and Buddhism.
Japanese: 以下のことから厩戸王子と「日出處天子」（聖徳太子）は別人であり、「日出處天子」は九州王朝の人物で、冠位十二階、憲法十七条制定、遣隋使派遣、仏教に深く帰依した。
English: `Volume 81, Liezhuan the forty sixth Dong Yi Wakoku' of "Suishu" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty) states that the country of Hiizurutokoronotenshi, the king of Wakoku, was in Santo (literally, mountain, island) and that Mt. Aso was located in Wakoku, which means that Wakoku is Kyushu.
Japanese: 『隋書』「卷八十一列傳第四十六東夷俀國」によれば、俀國王の多利思北孤（日出處天子）の国は山島にあり、俀國には阿蘇山があると明記されているので、俀國は九州のことである。
English: A king of wa (Japan) whose family name was Ame and his adult nickname was tarishihoko and he called himself as a king' in 600 refers to a male king, and it was neither a prince nor an empress (Empress Suiko) based on the description 'the name of the king's wife is Keimi, there are 600 to 700 women in a imperial palace, and the name of king's son (a prince) is Rikamitahori.'
Japanese: 開皇二十年（600年）の「倭王姓阿毎字多利思比孤」は男王であり「王妻號雞彌後宮有女六七百人名太子爲利歌彌多弗利」がいるので、太子でも女帝（推古天皇）でもない。
English: If the king of Wakoku at that time had been a female, it should have been recorded since it would have been a rare case in China.
Japanese: また、当時の俀國の王が女性であったならば、中国では大変珍しいことなので、隋の使者が見逃したり記録に留めなかったりしたはずがない。
English: The record of Emperor Yomei in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) only includes `Umayadono toyotomimino mikoto' in one part and didn't state any other achievements.
Japanese: 古事記には用明天皇記において「厩戸豊聡耳命」という名の記載が1箇所あるだけで業績に関する記載は無い。
English: As described below, it is believed that in the end of the seventh century, the Yamato kingship was established after a power shift from the Kyushu dynasty.
Japanese: 以下のことから九州から王権が移動しヤマト王権が確立したのは7世紀末であると考えられる。
English: If we follow the theory that Yamatai Koku (Yamatai Kingdom) was in northern Kyushu based upon "Gishiwajinden" (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in "The History of the Wei Dynasty"), the power should have been shifted from the Kyushu to the Yamato kingship.
Japanese: 『魏志倭人伝』の邪馬臺國が北部九州に在ったとする説をとると当然ながらその後、九州からヤマト王権への権力の移動がなければならない
English: However, descriptions regarding Wa in the official history of China is consistent, and therefore, they can be recognized as descriptions regarding the same government.
Japanese: だが、中国の歴代の正史では倭についての記述は一貫しており同一の国家についてのことと理解される。
English: According to "Jiu Tang Shu" (Old Tang History) and "Shin To-jo" (New Book of Tang), the official history of China, the name of the country changed from `Wa' to `Japan' in the end of seventh century, from which it is assumed that there was a dynasty change during this period.
Japanese: 中国の正史『旧唐書』、『新唐書』の中で7世紀末に国号が「倭」から「日本」に国号が変わっているので、この時期に王朝が交代したと推定される。
English: In the Chinese cultural region, a newly-established dynasty was supposed to compile a history book to document the rights of their authority,
Japanese: 中国文明圏では新たに成立した王朝は自らの権力の正当性を示すための歴史書「正史」を編纂するものである。
English: The "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) and the "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) were compiled around the early nineteenth century, from which it is assumed that the Yamato kingship was established in the end of the seventh century.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』、『古事記』は8世紀初頭頃に編纂されているので、ヤマト王権が確立したのは7世紀末であると推定される。
English: `The list of the Kyushu era' (517 - 700 [695] see below), which is considered to be established by the Kyushu dynasty before the Yamato kingship are frequently appeared in local reports on engi (writing about the history) of temples and shrines or on localities in many parts of Japan.
Japanese: 日本各地の寺社の縁起や地方の地誌・歴史書等にヤマト王権以前に九州王朝が定めたとも考えられる「九州年号表」（517年～700年（695年）下記参照）が多数散見される。
English: The `Kyushu era' ended at the end of the seventh century, and it is assumed that there was a dynasty change during this period.
Japanese: 「九州年号」も7世紀末で終わっており、この時期に王朝の交代があったと推定される。
English: As described below, it is assumed that some records that were not convenient for the Yamato kingship were intentionally erased (some books were burnt) when kiki (the Kojiki and Nihonshoki) was compiled.
Japanese: 次のことから記紀の編纂時にヤマト王権以前の都合の悪い記録を意図的に消しさった（徹底した焚書があった）と考えられる。
English: The golden seals such as Wa no na no kokuo in (the seal for the king of Wanonanokuni [small country in Hakata area of Fukuoka prefecture]) or Shingi Wao no in (the seal for the king of Wa) was granted by an emperor since Wa understood their characters, and Wa also visited to pay tribute to China with the Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor).
Japanese: 倭奴国王印や親魏倭王印等の金印は倭が文字を理解したから皇帝から賜ったのであり、また倭も手ぶらで中国に朝貢したのではなく上表文を携えて行っている
English: From this, it can be assumed that a part of the Wa started using characters during the first century.
Japanese: このことからも、倭では既に1世紀には文字の使用が一部では始まっていたことが推定できる。
English: Therefore, a number of history books about the Kofun period (tumulus period) or Asuka period should have been available when kiki (the Kojiki and Nihonshoki) was compiled.
Japanese: したがって記紀の編纂時には古墳時代や飛鳥時代の多くの歴史書が存在しているはずである。
English: The oldest date stated in Shosoin Monjo (document collection of the Nara period kept in Shosoin) is 702.
Japanese: 「正倉院文書」の日付の最も古いものは、大宝(日本)2年（702年）のものである。
English: In Jindaiki (Records of the period of the gods), the beginning of the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) frequently uses the expression, 'according to the document', which indicates the presence of the document for reference.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』冒頭の神代紀には「一書に曰く」という表現が数多くあり、参考にした書物の存在を示している。
English: The imperial decree on New year's day in 708 of "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued) contains the description 'A man who run away to the countryside with the banned book will be panished as notified at first if he does not turn himself in' which shows that documents inconsistent with 'the legitimate ideology (Nihonshoki)' of Yamato kingship remained during this period.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』和銅元年正月（708年）の詔に「亡命山澤。挾藏禁書。百日不首。復罪如初。」とありこの時期にはヤマト王権の「正規のイデオロギー（日本書紀）」と相反する書物が残っていたことを示している。
English: From the statement, 'The capital of Yamatai Kingdom is in Yamadai Kingdom according to Gishi-wajin-den (the first written record of Japan's commerce)' in Suishu (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), it would appear that the Yamatai Kingdom existed until the seventh century.
Japanese: 『隋書』に「邪靡堆則魏志所謂邪馬臺者也」とあり、邪馬臺国は7世紀まで存続していたと考えられる。
English: However, nothing about the Yamatai Kingdom or Himiko was described in the Nihon-shoki (the oldest chronicles of Japan) nor the Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters) compiled during the early eighth century.
Japanese: だが、8世紀初めに編纂された「日本書紀」「古事記」に邪馬臺国についての記述も卑弥呼についての記述も無い。