nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Five out of nine cultural regions, 'Hokkaido/the southwest Ainumoshiri and the northern Tohoku region,' 'the southern Tohoku region,' 'the Kanto region,' 'the Hokuriku region,' and 'the Tokai and Koshin regions,' were consolidated into one cultural region, ('the oak forests culture' according to the culture theory of laurel forests), in the end Jomon period; also 'Kaga, Noto, Echizen, the coastal areas of Ise Bay, Chugoku, Shikoku, Buzen, and Bungo' and 'the Kyushu region (except Buzen and Bungo)' were consolidated into one cultural region, (the laurel forests culture according to the culture theory of laurel forests).
Japanese: 縄文後期に入ると、これら九つの文化圏のうち「北海道/アイヌモシリ西南部および東北北部」「東北南部」「関東」「北陸」「東海・甲信」の五つがまとまって単一の文化圏（照葉樹林文化論における「ナラ林文化」）を構成するようになり、また「加賀・能登・越前・伊勢湾沿岸・中国・四国・豊前・豊後」「九州（豊前・豊後を除く）」がまとまって単一の文化圏（照葉樹林文化論における照葉樹林文化）を構成するようになる。
English: It is known that the comma-shaped bead was manufactured approximately by the middle of the Jomon period at latest (5,000 B.C.); notably, the comma-shaped bead made of jade as well as the workshop for manufacturing the beads were discovered from 'Chojagahara Site' in Itoi-gawa River, Niigata Prefecture.
Japanese: 遅くとも縄文中期（BC5,000年）頃にはヒスイ製勾玉がつくられていたことが判明しており、特に新潟県糸魚川の「長者ヶ原遺跡」からはヒスイ製勾玉とともにヒスイの工房が発見されている。
English: The fluorescent X-ray analysis shows that the jade excavated at 'Sannai-Maruyama Site' in Aomori Prefecture and southern Hokkaido is from Itoigawa; therefore, it is assumed that the Jomon people traded among themselves over the wide area.
Japanese: 蛍光X線分析によると青森県の「三内丸山遺跡」や北海道南部で出土されるヒスイは糸魚川産であることがわかっており、このことから縄文人が広い範囲でお互いに交易をしていたと考えられている。
English: The cultural region on Kyushu Island and the Neolithic culture of the Korean peninsula and the Gulf of Bo Hai coast had many common elements such as chipped stone saws and assembled fishing needles; therefore, it is assumed that there were constant exchanges between the peoples and goods among these regions.
Japanese: 九州島の文化圏は打製石鋸や結合型釣り針など、朝鮮半島や渤海湾沿岸の新石器文化との間に共通する要素を多く持っており、これらの地域との間で継続的に人や物の移動があったと推測されている。
English: One theory explains that the technique of cultivating millet appearing during the end of the Jomon period was introduced from the continent.
Japanese: 縄文後期に出現する雑穀栽培の技術は大陸から導入されたとする説もある。
English: The farming theory of the Jomon period has a long history of study since the Meiji period and the existence of farming is still being debated today.
Japanese: 縄文農耕論は、明治時代以来の長い研究史があり、農耕存否の論争は現在も続いている。
English: The cultivated plants were found from the layer of the Torihama shell-mounds in the early period in Fukui Prefecture and bottle gourds were found from the layer of the earlier period.
Japanese: 福井県の鳥浜貝塚の前期の層から栽培植物が、早期の層からヒョウタンが検出されている。
English: On the other hand, it is thought that there was a strong likelihood that the burn agriculture was employed at the remains in the end and the last periods in the northern Kyushu region.
Japanese: 一方、北部九州の後・晩期遺跡の遺物で焼畑農業が行われていた可能性が高いと考えられている。
English: Rice and barley were detected by the plant opal phytolith analysis of the soil of remains and the clay of the earthenware in the Kumamoto Prefecture, by the pollen analysis of remains in Fukuoka Prefecture in the end and the last periods, and at the remains in the Kumamoto City; rice was detected at the remains in Oita Prefecture.
Japanese: 熊本県下の遺跡の土壌と土器胎土のプラント・オパール分析、福岡県下の後・晩期遺跡の花粉分析、熊本市の遺跡でイネ、オオムギ、大分県遺跡でイネなどが検出されている。
English: Likewise, buckwheat pollen was detected at more than ten remains in eastern Japan at the end and the last periods.
Japanese: 東日本からも、同じく後・晩期の10個所を超える遺跡からソバの花粉が検出されている。
English: Today, the plant opal phytolith analysis shows that tropical Japonica was cultivated by burn agriculture during the end and the last Jomon periods.
Japanese: 現在ではプラント・オパールの研究により、縄文時代後期から晩期にかけては熱帯ジャポニカの焼畑稲作が行われていたことが判明している。
English: The rice varieties are classified into Japonica (Japanese type) Javanica (Java type) and Indica (Indian type); Japonica is further classified into temperate Japonica and tropical Japonica.
Japanese: イネの品種には、ジャポニカ（日本型）・ジャバニカ（ジャワ型）とインディカ（インド型）があり、ジャポニカは更に、温帯ジャポニカと熱帯ジャポニカに分かれる。
English: Temperate Japonica is distributed in the very limited area from the northern Yangtze River in China to the Japanese archipelago and closely related to wet-rice agriculture.
Japanese: 温帯ジャポニカは、中国の長江北側から、日本列島というごく限られた地域に水稲農耕と密接に結びついて分布している。
English: The distribution of Indica is wider and overlaps partly with tropical Japonica; in addition, it is assumed that the characteristic of cultivation of the Indica is closely related to the upland rice agriculture.
Japanese: 熱帯ジャポニカは、インディカの分布と重なりながら、更に広い範囲に分布し、陸稲と密接に結びついているのが特徴であるとされる。
English: In research based upon rice plant DNA in recent years, it is assumed that the introduction of temperate Japonica cultivation by wet-rice agriculture was most likely introduced by the southern route since the variations in rice plant DNA were fewer on the Korean peninsula.
Japanese: 温帯ジャポニカによる水稲農耕の始まりも近年の稲DNAに基づく研究では、DNAの多様性が朝鮮半島の方が少ないことから南方経由の可能性が高いとされている。
English: Wet-rice fields couldn't be found in northern Korean until the recent period and the oldest carbonized rice found on the Korean peninsula which can't be traced back to rice found in the Japanese archipelago was from 2000 B.C.; therefore, one theory suggests that the rice cropping was introduced to the Korean peninsula through the Japanese archipelago.
Japanese: また朝鮮北部での水耕田跡が近代まで見つからないことや朝鮮半島での確認された炭化米が紀元前2000年が最古であり、日本列島のものを遡れないことなどから、稲作は日本列島から朝鮮半島へ伝播した説も出ている。
English: Carbonized rice from the Jomon period was found at Uenohara remains in Kumamoto Prefecture during the latter half of the end period; as for the trace of rice in the clay of the earthenware with impression of rice husks detected by the plant opal phytolith analysis was found at the many remains in western Japan from the latter half of the end period.
Japanese: 縄文時代のイネは、炭化米が後期後半の熊本県の上ノ原遺跡などから検出されており、籾跡土器の胎土から検出されたイネのプラント・オパールに至っては、後期後半の西日本各地の遺跡から発見されている。
English: Therefore, it is certain that rice was cultivated in the Japanese archipelago in the latter half of the end of the Jomon period.
Japanese: このため、後期後半の日本列島でイネが栽培されていたことは間違いない。
English: However, rice was not the only crop; grain, barley, barnyard millet, millet, foxtail millet, and buckwheat, as well as azuki and soya beans were also cultivated.
Japanese: ただ、イネが単独で栽培されていたわけでなく、オオムギ、ヒエ、キビ、アワ、ソバなどの雑穀類の栽培やアズキ、大豆なども混作されていた。
English: The Taft–Katsura Agreement was an agreement made between the Prime Minister of Japan Taro KATSURA, who was also the temporary Minister of Foreign Affairs, and William Howard TAFT, the United States Secretary of War and later the 27th President of the United States, who was also a special envoy visiting Japan on the way back from the Philippines.
Japanese: 桂・タフト協定（かつら・たふときょうてい、)とは、日本の内閣総理大臣兼臨時外務大臣(日本)であった桂太郎と、フィリピン訪問の途中来日したアメリカ特使であり、後の第27代アメリカ大統領ウィリアム・タフト陸軍長官との間で交わされた協定。
English: In this agreement, the United States recognized Japan's dominance in South Korea (the Korean Empire).
Japanese: この協定では、米国は韓国（大韓帝国）における日本の支配権を確認した。
English: This agreement was not made public until Tyler DENNETT, a historian of American diplomacy, discovered it when searching the papers of Theodore Roosevelt and published the contents of the telegram about this agreement sent to Elihu ROOT, the Secretary of States at the time, by Taft in a magazine "Current History" in 1924.
Japanese: 合意は、アメリカ外交史家だったタイラー・デネットがセオドア・ルーズベルト文書を渉猟する中でこれを発見して、雑誌『CurrentHistory』にタフトが時の国務長官エリフ・ルートに宛てて送った合意の電文を掲載した1924年まで公表されなかった。
English: It was not a reciprocally signed document or secret treaty, but only a meeting memorandum indicating their agreement to facilitate the future relationship between Japan and the United States.
Japanese: また互恵的に署名された文書や秘密の条約ではなく、合意を記した会合メモであり、日本とアメリカのその後の関係を円滑にするものであった。
English: This agreement consists of meeting records containing portions of a long, confidential conversation between the Japanese Prime Minister Katsura and the US special envoy Taft with the help of a translator, Sutemi CHINDA, the Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, held in Tokyo on the morning of July 27, 1905.
Japanese: この協定は、東京で日本の桂首相とウィリアム・タフト特使が1905年7月27日の朝から外務次官珍田捨巳の通訳の下で行なった会合の記録から、長い機密の会話の部分で構成されている。
English: The memo indicating the details of those discussions was dated as July 29, 1905.
Japanese: これらの議論を詳しく述べるメモは、1905年7月29日の日付を記入された。
English: It is assumed that in this agreement, which was entered into at a time when powerful countries were trying to extend their power, the heads of Japan and the United States agreed to the following rights for each other: that Japan had the right to influence South Korea and that the United States had the right to influence the Philippines.
Japanese: 列強が勢力を模索する時代の中で、韓国には日本が、フィリピンにはアメリカが影響力を持つと、日米首脳が相手国の権利を認め合った協定といわれる。
English: Japan declared that it had no aggressive plans for the Philippines which had been the colony of the United States.
Japanese: 日本は、アメリカの植民地となっていたフィリピンに対して野心のないことを表明する。
English: The peace in East Asia can be best accomplished by a de facto alliance between Japan, the United States and Great Britain.
Japanese: 極東の平和は、日本、アメリカ、イギリス3国による事実上の同盟によって守られるべきである。
English: In this agreement, Katsura pointed out that the Korean government was the direct cause of the Russo-Japanese War, which had just reached a cease-fire.
Japanese: この協定の中で、桂は、韓国政府がちょうど停戦した日露戦争の直接の原因であると指摘した。
English: Katsura stated that a comprehensive solution to the problem of the Korean Peninsula should be the logical outcome of this war, and that if left alone, the Korean Empire would continue to enter into treaties with other powers that would cause the same problem, which would result in bringing Japan into a fight again.
Japanese: 彼は、朝鮮半島における問題の広範囲な解決が日露戦争の論理的な結果であり、もし韓国政府が単独で放置されるような事態になれば、再び同じように他国と条約を結んで日本を戦争に巻き込むだろうと主張した。
English: Therefore, he claimed that Japan must take steps to prevent the Korean government from making treaties again which would force Japan into fighting another foreign war.
Japanese: 従って日本は韓国政府が再度別の外国との戦争を日本に強制する条約を締結することを防がなければならない、と主張した。
English: After listening to Katsura, the special envoy Taft agreed that the establishment of a Japanese protectorate over Korea would directly contribute to the stability in east Asia.
Japanese: 桂の主張を聞いたタフト特使は、韓国政府が日本の保護国となることが東アジアの安定性に直接貢献することに同意した。
English: Taft also expressed his belief that President Roosevelt would agree with him in this regard.
Japanese: タフトはまた彼の意見として、ルーズベルト大統領はこの点に同意するだろうという彼の確信を示した。
English: As previously mentioned, Taft sent a telegram about the above mentioned agreement to Elihu ROOT, the Secretary of States, but when the telegram arrived in Washington, he was away going to Newfoundland on vacation.
Japanese: 前述したように、タフトは以上のような合意を国務長官のルートに宛てて電文で送付したが、ルートは電文がワシントンに到着した時、休暇でニューファンドランド方面に出かけており、不在だった。
English: Accordingly, Roosevelt found the telegram on July 31 and sent a telegram to Taft saying that everything Katsura and Taft had discussed in the meeting was right and that Katsura should be notified that he had approved what Taft had reported to him.
Japanese: そこで、電文を目にしたルーズベルトは7月31日、桂とタフト間の会談はあらゆる点においてまったく正しいこと、自分がタフトが語ったことすべてを確認したことを桂に伝えることを内容とする電文をタフトに送付した。
English: Taft received it on August 7 and sent a telegram from Manila, where he was staying, to Katsura saying that Roosevelt had approved everything Taft had said in the meeting.
Japanese: それを受けたタフトは8月7日、滞在中のマニラからルーズベルトが自分たちの会談における自分の発言をすべての点において確認したという内容の電文を桂に送付した。
English: A series of acts related to this agreement between Japan and the United States was completed when next day Katsura informed the Foreign Minister, Jutaro KOMURA, who was in Portsmouth (New Hampshire) in the United States as a Japanese plenipotentiary of the Russo-Japan Peace Conference (The Portsmouth Peace Conference).
Japanese: 桂が翌日に日露講和会議の日本側全権として米国ポーツマス(ニューハンプシャー州)にいた外相小村寿太郎にこのことを知らせることによって、日米間の合意をめぐる一連の行為は完了する形となった。
English: Due to the Taft-Katsura Agreement, the Second Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Treaty of Portsmouth made after the Russo-Japanese War, which gave Russia superiority over South Korea, all powerful countries virtually approved that Japan should have dominance in South Korea.
Japanese: 桂・タフト協定および、第2次日英同盟、日露戦争の結果結ばれたポーツマス条約によってロシアにも韓国に対する優越権を認めさせた結果、事実上、列強のすべての国が大韓帝国に対する日本の支配権を認めた。
English: After that, the Eulsa Treaty was made, and Japan took over the diplomatic right of the Korean Empire, which practically made Korea the protectorate of Japan.
Japanese: その後、第二次日韓協約が締結され、大韓帝国の外交権はほぼ日本に接収されることとなり、事実上、保護国となった。
English: However, Gao Zong (Korean King) caused the Hague Secret Emissary Affair by outsmarting the Eulsa Treaty, which resulted in him being replaced.
Japanese: しかし、高宗(朝鮮王)はこの第二次日韓協約の裏をかく形で再びハーグ密使事件を引き起こし、結果として退位させられることとなる。
English: In the Republic of Korea now, this Agreement is often used as an example of how the United States cannot be trusted with regards to Korean security and sovereignty issues.
Japanese: この協定は、現代の大韓民国においては韓国の生存および主権問題に関して、アメリカがいかに信頼することができない国であるかの実例としてしばしば用いられる。
English: According to some Korean historians and Korean textbooks, this agreement was the direct cause of Japan's colonization of Korea.
Japanese: 韓国の歴史家には、日本によって韓国が併合された直接の原因であるとされており、教科書にもそのように記述されている。
English: The Jige Kaden, a work of history written during the Tenpo era in the late Edo period, is a collection of the genealogical records of families of Jigenin (low-ranking court officials who were not allowed into the Emperor's living quarters in the imperial palace, usually ranked at the sixth rank or lower except for Kurodo).
Japanese: 地下家伝（じげかでん：地下家傳）は、江戸時代後期の天保に成立した、地下人諸家の系図をまとめた歴史書。
English: By the period Kagefumi lived in, several hundred years had already passed since the Ritsuryo system had become nothing but a name and the noble families of the court had been divided by status into the Tosho-ke (the lineage of court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) and the Jige-ke.
Japanese: 景文が生きた時代は、律令制が有名無実化し公家の家格が堂上家と地下家に分離してから、すでに数百年が経過していた。
English: The high-ranking Tosho-ke families had detailed records of their origins, the dates of birth and death of their successive heads, and the history of their investiture.
Japanese: 身分の高い堂上家は、その出自や歴代当主の生没年、および叙位の履歴などを詳細に記録してきた。
English: But among the Jige-ke, who were more like actual administrative officers, few families kept such grand genealogies.
Japanese: が、実務官僚ともいうべき地下家には、そのような立派な系図の残っている例はきわめて希であった。
English: In addition, there were many Jige-ke families who had originally been outside the circles of power, but were promoted out of recognition for their contributions and newly given the status of Jige as new families.
Japanese: また、地下家には、在野の者が何らかの功績が認められて官位を与えられ、新家として新たに地下の身分を与えられるものも多かった。
English: This might be the reason that most of the Jige-ke families in those days were unclear about their origins and histories.
Japanese: そのためか、この当時に地下であった家は、ほとんどがその出自・来歴の判らない状態であった。
English: It is assumed that possibly, in response to his request, the Jige-families offered their family trees and the kuzenan (official announcements of appointment) that had been handed down from generation to generation.
Japanese: おそらく、各家に依頼し、その家に伝わる家系図や口宣案（位階官職の辞令）などの提供を受けたものと推測される。
English: Based on such materials collected in this way, Kagefumi started writing in October 1842.
Japanese: こうして集められた資料を基に、景文は天保13年9月（1842年10月）に執筆を開始した。
English: After a year and a half, the first edition was completed on June 16, 1844.
Japanese: 1年半後の天保15年5月1日(旧暦)（1844年6月16日）に初版が完成した。
English: After the first edition was published, the Jige Kaden was revised and supplemented several times, and the last revision was performed during the Ansei era.
Japanese: 地下家伝は初版成立後、数回の改定・補遺を経て安政年間に最後の改訂が行われている。
English: However, they were not printed but copied by hand using a brush, and the more the book was copied, the more clerical errors, omissions, and errors in the structure of volumes were produced.
Japanese: ただし、印刷ではなく毛筆によって写本されたため、写稿を重ねるごとに誤字や欠落、巻構成の誤差が生じた。
English: In 1938, Atsuo MASAMUNE, a scholar of Japanese literature, edited the manuscripts surviving at the time and published them.
Japanese: 昭和13年（1938年）、国文学者の正宗敦夫がその当時残存していた写本を編集して出版した。
English: Still, among the several manuscripts he used for reference, there were some differences in the characters and the structure of volumes.
Japanese: が、参考にした複数の写本の間にも文字の違いや巻構成の違いが見られた。
English: It also has the defect that because it was not revised after the Ansei era, it cannot identify the heads during the period from the last revision to the Meiji Restoration, when the status of Jige was discontinued.
Japanese: また、安政以降改定がなされなかったため、最後の改訂から明治維新で地下という身分が消滅した時点までの当主が判らないという欠点もある。
English: Besides, now that Masamune himself has already passed away, another edition of the Jige Kaden more accurate than Masamune's edition is unlikely to be published.
Japanese: また正宗自身も故人となった現在では、正宗版より正確な地下家伝の出版はまず期待できない。
English: And yet there is nothing else that has surveyed the genealogical record of the Jige-ke families so carefully or in such detail.
Japanese: しかし、地下家の系譜に関してこれほどまでに綿密かつ詳細に調査したものは他に存在しない。
English: For this reason, now the Jige Kaden is an indispensable historical source for the study and research of Jige-ke families.
Japanese: そのため、現代では地下諸家の研究や調査において、地下家伝は欠かす事のできない史料となっている。
English: The Jige Kaden has 33 volumes in total, divided according to categories such as the offices they held, and the differences between Sekke (families of the regent line), Miyake (families allowed to have the status of the Imperial family) and Monzeki (families from temples of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility had entered the priesthood).
Japanese: 地下家伝は、所属する官庁や摂家、宮家、門跡などの別に全33巻に分けられている。
English: It records, in as much detail as possible, such things as the names of the successive heads of Jige-ke families, the names of their fathers and mothers, the dates of their birth and death, and the history of their investitures and appointments to office.
Japanese: 地下諸家の歴代当主の名前、父母の名、生没年月日、叙位・任官の履歴等を可能な限り記載している。
English: Daizenshiki (Office of the Palace Table), Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household), Kamonryo (Bureau of Housekeeping), 内賢, Shurei (officials belonging to the Ministry of Central Affairs and changed with impressing stamps and seals), Samaryo (Bureau of Horses, Left Division), Umaryo (Bureau of Horses, Right Division), Hyogoryo or Tsuwamono no kura no tsukasa (Bureau of Military Storehouses), Sanja (assistants to shonagon [minor counselors] and Shibu (low ranking bureaucrats engaged in miscellaneous works)
Japanese: 大膳職・大炊寮・掃部寮・内賢・主鈴・左馬寮・右馬寮・兵庫寮・賛者・使部
English: The Ninna-ji Temple, the Daikaku-ji Temple, the Kaju-ji Temple, the Sanbo-in Temple, the Zuishin-in Temple and the Rengeko-in Temple (Bokan [residential retainers serving at those temples], Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
Japanese: 仁和寺・大覚寺・勧修寺・三寳院・随心院・蓮華光院（坊官・諸大夫・侍）
English: It was established alongside the Seiin (Central State Council) and the Sain (Council of the Left) when the system of the Daijokan (Grand Council of State) supervising the three Councils was introduced in 1871.
Japanese: 1871年（明治4年）太政官三院制導入により正院・左院と共に設けられた。
English: Based on a reflection on the conflict of opinions between the ministries under the former system of the two councils and the six ministries, it was established as a body coordinating and adjusting ministerial policies.
Japanese: 従来の二官六省制でそれぞれの省庁の意見が対立した反省に基づき、各省庁の政策の連絡調整を担う機関として設けられた。
English: Its power was weaker than that of the Seiin as its resolutions were recognized by the latter as matters to be decided.
Japanese: 右院の決定事項は正院の裁決事項として位置づけられるなど、正院に比してその権限は弱かった。
English: The Ministry of Finance, whose power stood out of all the ministries, often caused the Uin to malfunction.
Japanese: また大蔵省の権限は省庁の中でも突出していたため、しばしば右院の機能不全の原因となった。
English: The Battle of Kyoko-ji Temple was fought between Nagayoshi MIYOSHI and Takamasa HATAKEYAMA near Kyoko-ji Mura, Takayasu County, Kawachi Province (present-day Kyoko-ji, Yao City, Osaka Prefecture) on May 19 and 20, 1562.
Japanese: 教興寺の戦い（きょうこうじのたたかい）は、永禄5年（1562年）5月19日、20日の両日に、河内国高安郡教興寺村（現在の大阪府八尾市教興寺）付近であった三好長慶と畠山高政との合戦。
English: It was the last battle of the series of battles fought between the Miyoshi's government and the Kawachi Hatakeyama clan, both seeking for supremacy in Kinai region.
Japanese: 三好政権と河内畠山氏が、畿内の覇権をめぐって争った一連の戦いの最終章。
English: The Kawachi Hatakeyama clan was an old power, one of Sankanrei (three families in the post of Kanrei) and relatives to the Hosokawa clan, but had been opposed to the Hosokawa clan for long.
Japanese: 河内畠山氏は、細川氏と同族であり、同じく室町幕府三管領のひとつであり、長年細川氏と対立してきた旧勢力であった。
English: The battle was led by Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, a resourceful general of the emerging power, and Takamasa HATAKEYAMA, a brave general of the old power.
Japanese: 新興勢力の智将、三好長慶と旧勢力の勇将、畠山高政指揮による合戦であった。
English: It was a big battle in which all the brigades were mobilized, and Nagayoshi MIYOSHI successfully got rid of the opposing old powers in Kinai region by winning this battle.
Japanese: 互いの勢力の全てを結集して会戦で,三好長慶はこの戦いに勝利することで、畿内の旧勢力の抵抗を排除できた。
English: Nagayoshi MIYOSHI became Tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country), taking control of Kawachi Province and Izumi Province, while becoming influential in Yamato Province and Kii Province.
Japanese: また、河内国、和泉国を勢力下におき、大和国、紀伊国へも勢力を浸透させることに成功したことで三好長慶は天下人となった。
English: However he lost Masanari MIYOSHI and Yoshikata MIYOSHI, who were both influential among his family, in this battle, so the Miyoshi's government had difficulties lying ahead..
Japanese: しかし、この戦いの中で、一族の有力者であった三好政成、三好義賢などを失ったことから三好政権の前途に暗雲が見え隠れするようになった。
English: The Hatakeyama clan had been frequently oppressed by Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, shugo of the neighboring Settsu Province as well as Awa Province, Awaji Province and Sanuki Province.
Japanese: だが、隣国摂津国をはじめ、阿波国や淡路国、讃岐国などの守護であった三好長慶によって圧迫されることが多かった。
English: Takamasa Hatakeyama, the family head of the Hatakeyama clan, was a brave general, but the Hatakeyama family itself was disrupted by the Sengoku mood shift, so controlling the vassals was difficult.
Japanese: また、畠山氏の当主、畠山高政は勇将ではあったが、家中の状況は戦国の風潮があり、家臣団の統制も困難を伴った。
English: Consequently, Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, the warring lord of the neighboring province, often interfered in Hatakeyama's domestic affairs.
Japanese: その結果、隣国の戦国大名である三好長慶によって内政干渉を受けることも多かった。
English: Miyoshi Nagayoshi even affected the choice of shugodai (deputy military governor) which was the head of the vassals.
Japanese: 家臣団筆頭である守護代を独自に決定することさえ三好長慶の干渉を受けることがあった。
English: On May 5, 1551, Naganori YUSA, who was resourceful shugodai considered as an actual landed daimyo of Kawachi, was assassinated.
Japanese: 1551年5月5日に守護代で、実質的に河内の国主といえた器量人の守護代遊佐長教が暗殺された。
English: Then Kawachi Province fell into disorder, but in 1552, a relative to Naganori YUSA, Munefusa (Naomasa) YASUMI who was the adopted son of a powerful local lord in Katano City, Kawachi Province, the Yasumi clan, killed the assassinators including Katatsugu KAYAFURI and gained power.
Japanese: すると河内国は混乱を極めたが、1552年には遊佐長教の一族で、河内国交野市の有力国人の安見氏の養子に入っていた安見宗房（直政）が遊佐長教を暗殺した萱振賢継などを討伐して台頭した。
English: Munefusa YASUMI became shugodai (the acting Military Governor), but Munefusa YASUMI and shugo Takamasa HATAKEYAMA began to clash.
Japanese: この安見宗房が守護代となったが、守護の畠山高政と安見宗房が対立する。
English: In 1559, Takamasa HATAKEYAMA asked for Nagayoshi MIYOSHI's support to compete with Munefusa YASUMI who had support from powerful local lords.
Japanese: 1559年、畠山高政は有力国人を味方につけた安見宗房に対抗するために、三好長慶の援助を受けて、安見宗房に対抗した。
English: On this occasion, Munefusa YASUMI's Imoriyama Castle was attacked by Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, and the castle became Nagayoshi MIYOSHI's.
Japanese: その際に、安見宗房は居城の飯盛山城を三好長慶に攻略され、飯盛山城は三好長慶の居城となった。
English: In 1560, Takamasa HATAKEYAMA and Munefusa YASUMI were reconciled, but it gave Nagayoshi MIYOSHI an excuse to attack the Hatakeyama clan.
Japanese: その後、1560年には畠山高政と安見宗房が和睦したが、それが三好長慶に畠山氏攻撃の口実とされた。
English: Takamasa HATAKEYAMA started to exercise improved discipline among kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords), and united powerful warlords such as Munefusa YASUMI and Naomitsu YUKAWA to compete with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 畠山高政は国人領主の統制を整え、安見宗房、湯川直光などの有力諸将を纏め上げ、三好長慶に対抗した。
English: In 1562, Yoshikata (Shotei) ROKKAKU proposed a military alliance to launch a pincer attack on Nagayoshi MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 1562年、そこへ六角義賢（承禎）から三好長慶挟撃の軍事同盟の提案がなされた。
English: It can be said that the Rokkaku clan and the Hatakeyama clan, both old powers, started to fight back against the emerging Miyoshi clan.
Japanese: 新興勢力の三好氏に対して旧勢力の六角氏・畠山氏が反撃にでたといえる。