nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: While some Hatamoto families owned territories in Tajima Province, the families that issued Hatamoto-satsu were former shugo daimyo (the daimyo who became a daimyo from shugo, which was a Japanese provincial military governor) families or daimyo families.
Japanese: 但馬国に所領を有する旗本家は数家あり、旗本札を発行したのは旧守護大名家や大名の一族である。
English: The Yamana clan in Muraoka, Shichimi County (present Muraoka, Muraoka Ward, Kami Town, Mikata County, Hyogo Prefecture), was a powerful daimyo, one of the families of Sankanrei (three families in the post of kanrei, or shogunal deputy) and Shishiki (four major feudal lords) in the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 七味郡村岡（現・兵庫県美方郡加美町村岡区村岡）の山名氏は、室町幕府の三管領四職の一家であった有力大名であった。
English: However, later, Toyokuni YAMANA, the military governor of Inaba Province, surrendered to Hideyoshi HASHIBA to become Otogishu (whose function was to chat with his master).
Japanese: しかしながら、因幡国守護であった山名豊国がのちに羽柴秀吉に降り御伽衆となった。
English: The clan was picked by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA through the Battle of Sekigahara, and given the entire area of Shichimi County to become a Hatamoto with kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いによって徳川家康に取り立てられ、七味郡全域を与えられて交代寄合表御礼衆の旗本となった。
English: During the Meiji Restoration, the clan which established the Muraoka clan, as a review was carried out for the purpose of increasing the amount of rice produced, issued Hatamoto-satsu while having been a Hatamoto.
Japanese: 明治維新の際には高直しにより村岡藩を立藩したが、旗本であった時期に旗本札を発行した。
English: The Kyogoku clan in Itoi, Yabu County (present Terauchi, Wadayama-cho, Asago City, Hyogo Prefecture), was a branch family of the Kyogoku clan in the Toyooka clan and was a descendant of a Shishoku family as well as the Yamana family.
Japanese: 養父郡糸井（現・兵庫県朝来市和田山町寺内）の京極氏は豊岡藩京極氏の分家で、山名氏と同様に四職の一家の後裔である。
English: The Itoi-Kyogoku clan issued paper money issued by Itoi Hikikae-sho (an exchange place in Itoi) and the paper money undertaken by Shigesuke IZUMIYA and others in Osaka.
Japanese: 糸井京極氏は、糸井引替会所発行の札や、大坂の和泉屋重助などが引請人となった札などを発行した。
English: The Koide clan, the lord of the Izushi clan, produced four Hatamoto branch families in Tajima Province before the family was abolished with no heir later.
Japanese: 出石藩主小出氏は、のちに無嗣改易となるまでに、但馬国内に旗本として4家の分家を興した。
English: They were the Minokami and Yamamoto-Koide clans in Minokami and Yamamoto in Keta County (present Minokami or Yamamoto, Hidaka-cho, Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture), the Kurami-Koide clan in Kurami, Izushi County (present Kurami, Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture), the Oyabu-Koide clan in Oyabu, Yabu County (present, Oyabu, Yabu City, Hyogo Prefecture), and the Handa-Koide clan in Handa, Yabu County (present Handa, Wadayama-cho, Asago City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: 気多郡気多郡(兵庫県)水上・山本（現・兵庫県豊岡市日高町(兵庫県)水上及び日高町山本）の水上・山本小出氏、出石郡倉見（現・兵庫県豊岡市倉見）の倉見小出氏、養父郡大藪（現・兵庫県養父市大藪）の大藪小出氏、養父郡土田（現・兵庫県朝来市和田山町土田）の土田小出氏である。
English: It has been confirmed that, of them, at least the Minokami and Yamamoto-Koide clans, the Kurami-Koide clan, and the Oyabu-Koide clan issued Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: このうち、少なくとも水上・山本小出氏、倉見小出氏、大藪小出氏が旗本札を発行したことが確認されている。
English: It has been confirmed that, in Harima Province, quite a variety of paper money, such as Han-satsu, Hatamoto-satsu, Jisha-satsu, Choson-satsu (paper money issued by a town or a village), and Shijin-satsu (paper money issued by a private person), were issued.
Japanese: 播磨国では、藩札、旗本札、寺社札、町村札、私人札など、きわめて多様な札の発行が確認されている。
English: Harima Province was one of the richest grain-yielding areas in the nation, and, together with other provinces in the Kinai region, flourished in growing commercial farm products.
Japanese: 播磨国は全国でも有数の穀倉地帯で、畿内諸国と同様に商品作物の栽培が盛んであった。
English: In addition, with their substantial population, the province was a typical Hi-ryogokuchiiki, except the Himeji clan, Akashi clan and Ako clan, each of which occupied a sizable territory.
Japanese: さらに、人口も多く、姫路藩、明石藩、赤穂藩などがまとまった所領を有するほかは典型的な非領国地域であった。
English: Located almost in the center of Harima Province, the Himeji clan had a sizable economic power that affected its surrounding areas, for example, the exclusive sales of cotton.
Japanese: 播磨国のほぼ中央部に位置する姫路藩は木綿の専売などで周辺経済に大きな影響力を有していた。
English: However, each of the surrounding areas formed a relatively independent economic area, depending on road transportation along the Saigoku-kaido road or the Mimasaka and Inaba-kaido roads, or on water transportation on the Kako-gawa River, the Ichi-kawa River (in Hyogo Prefecture), or the Ibo-gawa River.
Japanese: しかしながら、周辺地域の経済は、西国街道、美作・因幡街道などの街道や、加古川、市川(兵庫県)、揖保川などの船運といった物流経路に依存する形でそれぞれ緩やかな小経済地域を形成していた。
English: It was a feature of the Han-satsu and Hatamoto-satsu in Harima Province that senme-satsu (paper money convertible to sen) was issued widely.
Japanese: 播磨国の藩札、旗本札の特徴としては銭匁札が広く発行されている点が挙げられる。
English: Senme-satsu was a paper money with the following features: The face value was written in monme, bu, or rin (each a monetary unit at that time) of the silver unit, but it was also written there that the money would be exchanged into zeni (copper or iron coins) based on a certain gin (silver coin)-zeni exchange rate.
Japanese: 銭匁札とは、額面表記は銀の単位である匁・分・厘であるが、一定の銀-銭相場に従って銭で兌換することが明記されたものである。
English: This is an interesting business custom when talking about the monetary economy system in the Edo period, together with the Eisen-kanjo (a calculational procedure using Eiraku-tsuho [bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty] as a fictional unit) in Bitchu Province and senme-satsu in the northern part of Kyushu and in the western part of Shikoku.
Japanese: 備中国の永銭勘定や九州北部・四国西部の銭匁札などと並んで、江戸時代の貨幣経済システムを語る場合に興味深い商習慣である。
English: However, the clan became a retainer of his uncle Terumasa IKEDA, the lord of the Himeji clan, due to internal problems in inheriting the steward post, and was permitted to use the surname of Ikeda, and then established the Harima-Shingu clan.
Japanese: しかしながら、執事職相続の際の内紛が原因で舅であった姫路藩主池田輝政の家臣となり、更に池田姓を名乗ることを許され、播磨新宮藩を創設した家である。
English: Later, the family was going to be abolished due to its lack of an heir, but as a result of earnest efforts by the family of the Okayama domain lord and Tottori clan's lord, its head family, was permitted to exist as a Hatamoto, although its territory was reduced.
Japanese: のちに無嗣改易となるところを、本家の岡山藩主・鳥取藩主家の奔走によって、減知の上で旗本としての存続が許された。
English: Its jinya was also placed in Shingu (present Shingu, Shingu-cho, Tatsuno City) since the time of the Shingu clan.
Japanese: 陣屋は、新宮藩当時から引き続いて新宮（現・たつの市新宮町新宮）に置かれた。
English: The Mimasaka-kaido road was branched from the Saigoku-kaido road (Sanyo-do road) slightly west of the Himeji-jo Castle town towards the northwest direct, reaching the area of Tsuyama-jo Castle town in Mimasaka Province.
Japanese: 美作街道は姫路城の城下町のやや西で西国街道（山陽道）から分岐し、北西に伸びて美作国津山城下に達する。
English: The town of Shingu was located at the spot where the Mimasaka-kaido road came near to the Ibo-gawa River heavily used for water transportation.
Japanese: 新宮の町は美作街道と水運が盛んであった揖保川とが接近する位置にある。
English: Further down the Mimasaka-kaido road, there were the chigyo-chi territories of three Hatamoto of the Matsui-Matsudaira clan such as Sayo, Sayo County (present Sayo, Sayo Town, Sayo County), Nagatani, Sayo County (present Kuchinagatani, Sayo Town, Sayo County), and Hirafuku, Sayo County (present Hirafuku, Sayo Town, Sayo County).
Japanese: 美作街道を更に下ると、佐用郡佐用（現・佐用郡佐用町佐用）、佐用郡長谷（現・佐用郡佐用町口長谷）、佐用郡平福（現・佐用郡佐用町平福）の松井松平氏3旗本の知行地がある。
English: These were the same clans derived from the Matsui-Matsudaira clan, the lord of Yamazaki clan, and established as Hatamoto families given the divided territories in Sayo County.
Japanese: これらの家は、いずれも山崎藩主の松井松平氏から、佐用郡内の所領を同時に分知されて旗本家として成立した同族である。
English: The Asano clan in Wakasano, Ako County (present Wakasano, Wakasano-cho, Aioi City), was located in the neighborhood downstream of the Chikusa-gawa River.
Japanese: 赤穂郡若狭野（現・相生市若狭野町若狭野）の浅野氏は千種川の下流の近傍に位置する。
English: Although its main family was abolished and the Ako clan came to be controlled by the Nagai clan, followed by the Mori clan, this clan continued owning its territory within Ako County most of which was occupied by the Ako clan.
Japanese: しかしながら、本家が改易となって赤穂藩が永井氏、更に森氏の支配となっても、赤穂藩領が大部分を占める赤穂郡の只中に所領を有した。
English: Undertaken by the Tennoji-ya money exchanger in Osaka, this Wakasano-Asano clan issued gin-satsu and senme-satsu.
Japanese: この若狭野浅野氏は大坂の両替商の天王寺屋などが引請人となった銀札、銭匁札を発行した。
English: In the former jinya site in Wakasano, the office building where paper money-related jobs were done still exists.
Japanese: 若狭野の陣屋跡地には紙幣関係業務を実施した役所の建物が現存している。
English: The Asano clan in Iehara, Kato County (present Iehara, Kato City) in the eastern part of Harima Province, was also a branch of the main family of the Ako clan.
Japanese: 播磨国東部の加東郡家原（現・加東市家原）の浅野氏もまた、赤穂藩主家の分家である。
English: The Asano clan in the Ako clan owned a territory in Kato County as well, in addition to Ako County where its castle residence was located, and placed a remote jinya in Hozumi, Kato County (present Hozumi, Kato City).
Japanese: また、赤穂藩浅野氏は居城が存在した赤穂郡の他に、加東郡にも領地を有し、加東郡穂積（現・加東市穂積）に飛地陣屋を置いていた。
English: However, after the Asano clan in the Ako clan was abolished due to the Ako Incident in the Genroku era, the site was officially confiscated by the bakufu, and villages including Hozumi became the territory of the Yagi clan, a Hatamoto.
Japanese: しかしながら、元禄赤穂事件に伴う赤穂藩浅野氏の改易後、幕府に公収され、のちに穂積を含む村々が旗本八木氏の知行地となった。
English: The Yagi clan, a lineage of the family that branched in the Kamakura period from the Asakura clan which later became Sengoku daimyo, was the lord of Yagi-jo Castle when the Oda clan invaded Tajima Province.
Japanese: なお、八木氏は、のちに戦国大名となった朝倉氏から鎌倉時代に分かれた支族で、織田氏の但馬国侵攻の際には八木城主であった。
English: However, its territory was lost when the Mori clan fought with the Oda clan, and the clan was picked as Hatamoto of the Tokugawa family, by its distinguished accomplishments in the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: しかしながら、織田氏と毛利氏との衝突により采地を失い、のちに関ヶ原の戦いでの戦功によって徳川家の旗本として取り立てられた家である。
English: Iehara was located in the vicinity of the Chidori-gawa River, a tributary of the Kako-gawa River, and Hozumi around the place where the Chidori-gawa River and the Kako-gawa River merged.
Japanese: 家原は加古川支流の千鳥川の近傍、穂積は千鳥川と加古川の合流地点付近に位置する。
English: When the lord family of the Iyo-Saijo clan was abolished then pardoned later to become a Hatamoto, the Hitotsuyanagi clan in Takagi, Mino County (present Takagi, Bessho-cho, Miki City), was given villages centered on Takagi as its territory.
Japanese: 美嚢郡高木（現・三木市別所町高木）の一柳氏は、伊予西条藩主家が改易となり、のち許されて旗本として取り立てられるにあたり、高木を中心とした村々に知行を与えられた。
English: Takagi was the Miki-jo Castle town where the Bessho clan lived, near Miki Town which was flourished as a hardware town by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI giving the town a tax-free privilege, and slightly in the north, the Mino-gawa river, a tributary of the Kako-gawa River, flowed to the west.
Japanese: 高木は別所氏が拠った三木城の城下町で、豊臣秀吉が免税地としたために金物の町として発展した三木町の近隣に位置し、少し北には加古川の支流である美嚢川が西行している。
English: With Mino County producing cotton, the Takagi-Hitotsuyanagi clan issued paper money in the form of stamps for cotton.
Japanese: 美嚢郡は木綿の生産地であり、高木一柳氏は木綿切手形式の紙幣を発行した。
English: The Ikeda clan in Fukumoto, Jinto County (present Fukumoto, Kamikawa Town, Kanzaki County), was established as a branch clan of the Tottori clan.
Japanese: 神東郡福本（現・神崎郡神河町福本）の池田氏は、鳥取藩の支藩として立藩した。
English: However, because its earning came to less than 10,000 koku after generating branch families, it became a Hatamoto with kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status.
Japanese: しかしながら、のちに分家を創設した際に一万石を割ったために交代寄合表御礼衆の旗本となった。
English: The territory of the Fukumoto-Ikeda clan and that of its two branch families (the Ogata-Ikeda clan and the Yoshitomi-Ikeda clan) occupied Jinto County and the northern part of Jinsai County in the upper reaches of the Ichi-kawa River (in Hyogo Prefecture), with Kufumoto located near the east side of the Ichi-kawa River.
Japanese: 福本池田氏及びその分家2家（屋形池田氏・吉冨池田氏）の所領は、市川(兵庫県)の上流域に当たる神東郡及び神西郡の北部を占め、福本は市川の東岸近傍にあった。
English: Although they reestablished a clan by receiving kuramai from the Tottori clan in the end of the Edo period, the Fukumoto-Ikeda clan issued gin-satsu and senme-satsu in 1822 when the clan was a Hatamoto, as well as in 1868 after having newly established its own clan.
Japanese: 幕末に鳥取藩から蔵米支給を受けて再度立藩したが、福本池田氏は旗本であった文政5年（1822年）及び立藩後の明治初年に銀札及び銭匁札を発行した。
English: Bitchu Province was occupied by 8 clans and more than 10 territories of Hatamoto families, the bakufu, and the Gosankyo, and so on including the 50,000-koku Bitchu-Matsuyama clan.
Japanese: 備中国は5万石の備中松山藩以下、あわせて8の小藩及び10以上の旗本家、幕府領及び御三卿領などで占められていた。
English: Of them, all of the clans and almost all of the Hatamoto who placed their jinya offices to manage their territories in the province issued Han-satsu or Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: これらのうち、同国の全ての藩及び自ら陣屋を構えて領地経営を行っていた旗本のほぼ全てが藩札・旗本札を発行した。
English: Bitchu Province is also known as an area where a variety of private paper money and the like were issued as well by towns, villages, wealthy farmers or wealthy merchants, and so on.
Japanese: 備中国は町村や豪農・豪商などが発行した私札類の種類が多いことでも知られる。
English: The Hatamoto families that issued Hatamoto-satsu in Bitchu Province were descendants of powerful retainers of Sengoku daimyo, the Hatamoto families that had originally been daimyo of the Tokugawa shogunate but became Hatamoto because their territories were reduced, or branch families of daimyo families.
Japanese: 備中国の旗本で旗本札を発行した家は、戦国大名の有力家臣の末裔や、徳川幕府での大名が減知されて旗本となった家、あるいは大名家の分家である。
English: The Maita clan (the lord of the Asao clan, later Hatamoto reduced its territory, then reestablished the clan by a review towards increasing the amount of rice produced in the end of the Edo period) in Asao, Kaya County (present Monde, Soja City, Okayama Prefecture), and the Misu-Maita clan in Misu, Boya County (present Misu, Soja City, Okayama Prefecture), which was a Hatamoto established getting a portion of the Aso-Maita clan's territory, issued their own Hatamoto-satsu respectively.
Japanese: 賀陽郡浅尾（現・岡山県総社市門田）の蒔田氏（浅尾藩主、のち知行の一部を分知して旗本、更に幕末に高直しにより再び立藩）と、浅尾蒔田氏から分知を受けて成立した旗本、窪屋郡三須（現・岡山県総社市三須）の三須蒔田氏はそれぞれ独自に旗本札を発行した。
English: The Yamazaki clan in Nariwa, Kawakami County (present Shimohara, Nariwa-cho, Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture), was a branch family of the Yamazaki clan, a daimyo which governed the Tomioka clan in Higo Province and the Marugame clan in the Sanuki Province, and so on, and continued to exist with its jinya placed in the former Nariwa-jo Castle site of which the main family once served as the keeper, even after its main family was abolished.
Japanese: 川上郡成羽（現・岡山県高梁市成羽町下原）の山崎氏は肥後国富岡藩や讃岐国丸亀藩などを治めた大名山崎氏の分家で、本家が無嗣改易となったのちも、かつて本家が城主をつとめたことのある成羽城の跡地に陣屋を構えて存続した。
English: Having originally been a retainer of the Ukita clan, a Sengoku daimyo, the Togawa clan was given Hatamoto status because of their acquaintance with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA related with his intermediacy on internal issues of the Ukita family.
Japanese: 戸川氏は、元は戦国大名宇喜多氏の家臣であったが、宇喜多家の内紛の際に徳川家康の仲介があった縁で、のちに旗本に取り立てられた。
English: The Hatamoto Togawa clan consisted largely of the four families of the Natsukawa-Togawa clan (from the lord of the Niwase clan to be kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status by reducing its territory) in Natsukawa, Tsu County (present Natsukawa, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), the Seno-Togawa clan in Seno, Tsu County (present Seno, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), the Hayashima-Togawa clan in Hayashima, Tsu County (present Hayashima, Hayashima Town, Tsukubo County, Okayama Prefecture), and the Obie-Togawa clan in Obie, Tsu County (present Hashima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture), and each of them issued its own Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: 旗本戸川氏一族は大きく4家に分かれ、都宇郡撫川（現・岡山県岡山市撫川）の撫川戸川氏（庭瀬藩主から減知により交代寄合表御礼衆）、都宇郡妹尾（現・岡山県岡山市妹尾）の妹尾戸川氏、都宇郡早島（現・岡山県都窪郡早島町早島）の早島戸川氏、都宇郡帯江（現・岡山県倉敷市羽島）の帯江戸川氏がそれぞれ独自に旗本札を発行した。
English: Having been a retainer of the Ukita clan as well, the Hanabusa clan was taken under Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's protection after an internal issued in the Ukita family, and belonged to the East squad in the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 花房氏もまた宇喜多氏の家臣であったが、宇喜多家の内紛ののち徳川家康の庇護下に入り、関ヶ原の戦いで東軍についた。
English: Furthermore, the clan was given Hatamoto status for the reason that the clan contributed to stabilize the state of Bitchu Province in post-battle operations.
Japanese: 更に戦後処理で備中国の鎮撫に当たった功によって旗本に取り立てられた。
English: Placing its jinya in Harakosai of Takamatsu, Kayo County (present Takamatsuhara Kosai, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), a neighborhood of Bitchu-Takamatsu-jo Castle famous for the inundation tactics of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (the Battle of Bitchu-Takamatsu-jo Castle), the clan issued Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の水攻め（備中高松城の戦い）で有名な備中高松城の近傍、賀陽郡高松の原古才（現・岡山県岡山市高松原古才）に陣屋を置き、旗本札を発行した。
English: The Sakakibara clan, a Hatamoto in Tsudera, Tsu County (present Tsudera, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), originated in the Hanabusa clan.
Japanese: また、都宇郡津寺（現・岡山県岡山市津寺）の旗本榊原氏は花房氏の出自であった。
English: However, on being picked by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the clan changed its name to Sakakibara to show its gratitude to the efforts of the Sakakibara clan, a fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) acting as an intermediary.
Japanese: しかしながら、徳川家康に取り立てられる際に仲介の労をとった譜代大名榊原氏の恩に報いるために姓を榊原に改めた。
English: The Osakabe-Mizutani clan in Osakabe, Aga County (present Osaosakabe, Niimi City, Okayama Prefecture), and the Fukakokucho-Mizutani clan in Fuka, Kawakami County (present Fuka, Bitchu-cho, Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture) existed as Hatamoto, and each issued its own Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: しかし、旗本として阿賀郡小阪部（現・岡山県新見市大佐小阪部）の小阪部水谷氏と、川上郡布賀（現・岡山県高梁市備中町布賀）の布賀黒鳥水谷氏が存続してそれぞれ独自に旗本札を発行した。
English: The Ikeda clan, a Hatamoto in Ibara, Itsuki County (present Ibara-cho, Ibara City, Okayama Prefecture), belonged to the same clan as that of the Ikeda clan in the Tottori clan and in the Okayama clan, and was a descendant of Nagayoshi IKEDA, who was a younger biological brother of Terumasa IKEDA and the first lord of the Bitchu-Matsuyama clan.
Japanese: 後月郡井原（現・岡山県井原市井原町）の旗本池田氏は、鳥取藩や岡山藩の池田氏と同族であり、池田輝政の実弟の初代備中松山藩主池田長幸の子孫である。
English: The Ibara-Ikeda clan continued to exist even after its main family, the Ikeda family of the Bitchu-Matsuyama clan, was abolished due to lack of an heir, and was issued Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: 井原池田氏は本家の備中松山藩池田家が無嗣断絶したのちも存続し、旗本札を発行した。
English: A few of the Han-satsu or Hatamoto-satsu in Bitchu Province was often found written on the face value by Eisen-kanjo procedure.
Japanese: 備中国では、藩札及び旗本札の一部に永銭勘定による額面記載がある場合が散見される。
English: Eisen referred the Eiraku-tsuho coins (bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty) that were used throughout the nation from the Muromachi period to the early Edo period when the currency system by the Edo bakufu was established.
Japanese: 永銭とは、室町時代から、江戸幕府による貨幣制度が整う江戸時代初期まで全国的に流通した永楽通寶銭を指す。
English: Use of the Eiraku-tsuho coins itself was prohibited by the Edo bakufu, but the name itself was used as an auxiliary monetary unit through the Edo period, with 1 kamon (1,000 mon) of Eisen set being equivalent to 1 ryo (a unit of currency) of gold.
Japanese: 永楽通寶銭自体は幕府により通用を禁止されたが、呼称は江戸期を通じて永銭一貫文（一千文）を金一両とする金の補助単位として使用された。
English: The Eisen-kanjo procedure itself was generally used, for example, by money exchangers, but it was a feature specific for this area in that the procedure was used for expressing the monetary worth of paper money.
Japanese: 永銭勘定自体は両替商等でも一般に使用されたが、紙幣の額面として用いられている点はこの地域に特有の特徴である。
English: It is known that, in the Kyushu region, the Ogasawara clan in Tokieda of Buzen Province (present eastern part of Fukuoka Prefecture and northeastern part of Oita Prefecture), the Kinoshita clan in Tateishi, Bungo Province (present Oita Prefecture, excluding its northeastern part), and the Mera clan in Mera, Higo Province (present Kumamoto Prefecture and mountainous area in the southwestern part of Miyazaki Prefecture) issued Hatamoto-satsu.
Japanese: 九州地方において旗本札を発行したことが知られているのは豊前国（現・福岡県東部及び大分県北東部）時枝の小笠原氏、豊後国（現・大分県の北東部を除く地域）立石の木下氏、肥後国（現・熊本県及び宮崎県南西の山間部）米良の米良氏である。
English: Being a branch family of the lord family of the Nakatsu clan, the Tokieda-Ogasawara clan was a Hatamoto that had a territory that produced 5,000 koku of rice crop, centered on Tokieda of Buzen Province (present Shimo-Tokieda, Usa City, Oita Prefecture).
Japanese: 時枝小笠原氏は中津藩藩主家の分家で、豊前国時枝（現・大分県宇佐市下時枝）を中心とした5,000石を領する旗本であった。
English: The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Tokieda-Ogasawara clan included the senme-satsu issued in 1826 from Tokieda-sanbutsukaisho (the product business promotion body in Tokieda) and that issued in 1858 from Tokieda-kanjosho (the organization handling financial and public affairs in Tokieda).
Japanese: 時枝小笠原氏が発行した旗本札には、文政9年（1826年）に時枝産物会所、安政5年（1858年）に時枝勘定所より発行した銭匁札などがある。
English: The Tateishi-Kinoshita clan, a branch of the lord family of the Hiji clan, was given the kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status, with a 5,000 koku of rice crop centered on Tateishi, Bungo Province (present Tateishi, Yamaga-machi, Kitsuki City, Oita Prefecture).
Japanese: 立石木下氏は日出藩藩主家の分家で、豊後国立石（現・大分県杵築市山香町立石）を中心とした5,000石の交代寄合表御礼衆であった。
English: The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Tateishi Kinoshita clan included the senme-satsu issued several times by kanjosho (the organization handling financial and public affairs) or others in 1825 or later.
Japanese: 立石木下氏が発行した旗本札には、文政7年（1825年）以降、数度に渡って勘定所などから発行された銭匁札などがある。
English: The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Tokieda-Ogasawara clan and by the Tateishi-Kinoshita clan included many on which the face value was expressed with senme value, as typically seen among the Han-satsu and Hatamoto-satsu issued in the northern part of Kyushu, including chigyo-chi.
Japanese: 時枝小笠原氏及び立石木下氏が発行した旗本札には、それらの知行地を含む九州北部で発行された藩札・旗本札に共通した特徴として、額面が銭匁表記になっているものが多く含まれている。
English: Senme-satsu was paper money with the following features: The face value was written in the unit of silver (monme, bu, or rin; each a monetary unit at that time) on it, but it was also written there that the money would be exchanged into zeni based on a certain gin (silver coin)-zeni exchange rate.
Japanese: 銭匁札とは、銀単位（匁・分・厘）の額面の札でありながら、時の銀-銭相場に従って銭で兌換することが明記されている紙幣を指す。
English: It can be confirmed that senme-satsu itself was issued in Tango, Harima, and Iyo Provinces independently (at least they had no common boundaries geographically).
Japanese: 銭匁札自体は丹後国・播磨国・伊予国などの地域にそれぞれ独自に（少なくとも地理上の連続性がなく）発行されていたことが確認できる。
English: However, some paper money issued by clans or Hatamoto in the northern part of Kyushu had a distinguishing feature not found in other areas, in which an exchange rate between gin (silver) coins and zeni coins was explicitly written on the surface (for example: 7-sen and 10-monme indicated that the coins of 70 mon should be given for 1 monme, and therefore, this paper money could be exchanged to coins of 700 mon).
Japanese: しかし、九州北部諸藩・旗本発行の札は、予め銀-銭の交換比率を札面に明記している（Ex.七銭拾匁：一匁あたり七十文で引き換えるという意味で、700文に兌換するという表示）という他地域とは異なる際立った特徴を持つものがある。
English: The Mera clan was a descendant of the Kikuchi clan, a distinguished clan that supported the Southern Court (in Japan) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan) and fled to the mountainous area of Kyushu, or more specifically, in Mt. Mera of Mera County, Higo Province, after being defeated in the war.
Japanese: 米良氏は、南北朝時代(日本)には南朝(日本)方につき、敗れた後、九州山地の肥後国米良郡米良山中に逃れた名族菊池氏の末裔である。
English: The clan became acquainted with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA when Mt. Mera was designated as Mt. Takanosu, and picked by Ieyasu, after which they received kotaiyoriai-shu status (a family with the status equivalent of that of the Shishu).
Japanese: 徳川家康より米良山が鷹巣山に指定されたことが縁で召し出され、交代寄合衆（四衆に準ずる家）となった。
English: The clan built its residence in Ogawa, at the center of Mera of Higo Province (present Murasho, Nishimera Village, Koyu County, Miyazaki Prefecture).
Japanese: 肥後国米良の中心地小川（現・宮崎県児湯郡西米良村村所）に館を構えた。
English: The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Mera clan included 500-mon, 100-mon or 48-mon Zeni-azukari-satsu (銭預札; paper money equivalent to zeni copper coins) issued by Okatte-za (御勝手座; an organization to undertake the paper money) in around 1862.
Japanese: 米良氏が発行した旗本札には、文久2年（1862年）頃発行と推定される五百文、百文、四十八文の額面の御勝手座発行の銭預札がある。
English: The Mera clan had strong connections militarily, politically as well as economically, with adjacent clans that shared boundaries with its territory, such as the Hitoyoshi clan in Higo Province, clans in Hyuga Province, and the Satsuma clan.
Japanese: 米良氏は軍事的・政治的・経済的に肥後国人吉藩、日向国諸藩、薩摩藩など領境を接する諸藩と強いつながりを持っていた。