nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In August the next year, Kuninao's old retainers made a request to the Ministry of Home Affairs to found Aso-jinja Shrine (the future Tobetsu-jinja Shrine), thereby enshrining Kuninao.
Japanese: 翌年8月旧臣等が内務省に阿蘇神社（後の当別神社）創建を願い出て、邦直が祀られる事となる。
English: In October the next year his grandchild, Masato, was conferred the Baronage on the ground of Kuninao's achievements in developing Hokkaido and was thus raised to the peerage.
Japanese: 同年10月には孫の正人が邦直の北海道開拓に掛る功績により男爵を授けられ華族に列せられた。
English: In 1940, in commemoration of 2600 years of the Imperial reign Kuninao was enshrined in Hokkaido Kaitaku-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 1940年（昭和15年）、皇紀2600年を記念し北海道開拓神社に合祀される。
English: Tomozane YOSHII (April 10, 1828 - April 22, 1891) was a Japanese samurai, a feudal retainer of Satsuma domain, and a government official.
Japanese: 吉井友実（よしいともざね、文政11年2月26日（1828年4月10日）－明治24年（1891年）4月22日）は、日本の武士・薩摩藩藩士、官僚。
English: During reformation of domain duties by Nariakira SHIMAZU, lord of the domain, Tomozane forged close ties with royalists of other domains, as a rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) of Ozaka hantei (a residence of the domain in Ozaka [Osaka] maintained by daimyo), thus playing an active role as a younger reformist.
Japanese: 藩主島津斉彬の藩政改革のもと、大坂藩邸留守居役など、諸藩の志士との交流を重ね、若手改革派の一人として活躍する。
English: After Nariakira's death he attempted to leave the domain with his forty comrades including Toshimichi OKUBO, but as Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, lord of the domain, dissuaded him from leaving, he then assumed the post of Ometsuke-yaku (inspector general).
Japanese: 斉彬の死後、大久保利通ら同志40名と共に脱藩を企てたものの、藩主島津忠義の慰留をうけて大目付役に就任。
English: Later, having served as Kachi-metsuke (a person in charge of night duty and inspection), Goyobeya-shoyaku (a clerical of the senior councilor's office) and so on, he took a leading role in the domain duties as a chief member of the Seichugumi organization including Takamori SAIGO and Toshimichi OKUBO, and promoted Sonno-tobaku (literally, reverence for the emperor and the overthrow of the shogunate) movement.
Japanese: のち、徒目付や御用部屋書役などを務め、西郷隆盛・大久保らと始めとする精忠組の中心人物として藩政をリードし、尊皇討幕運動を推進した。
English: In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, whereby the Boshin War started, Tomozane made great achievements by leading an army himself and defeating the bakufu army, and in 1869, was awarded shotenroku (a premium) of 1,000 koku (approximately 180 cubic meters of rice).
Japanese: 戊辰戦争の緒戦である鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、自ら兵を率いて幕府軍を撃退するなど多大な功績をあげ、1869年、賞典禄1000石を授けられた。
English: After Meiji Restoration he assumed important posts such as Sanyo (councilor), Genroin gikan (councilor of the Chamber of Elders or Senate), Kobu-taifu (Minister of Industry), Kunai-jikan (an undersecretary of Imperial Household Agency) and president of Nippon Railway (the first private railway company in Japan).
Japanese: 維新後は、参与や元老院議官、工部大輔、宮内次官、また日本鉄道社長などの要職を歴任した。
English: In 1868: Choshi (able people recruited from among the best of the clansmen and the public by new Meiji Government to be assigned as councilors or directors in the government departments) sanyo-shiki (literally, councilor agency [government department between a ministry and a bureau under the ritsuryo system]), Kokubo (or Gunbo) jimukyoku-hanji (judge of the Military Defense Affairs Bureau), Gummukan-hanji (judge of the Military Affairs Office), Danjodai-daichu (an official in the Office of Prosecution, a police agency that mainly investigated political conspiracies), and Danjo-shohitsu (assistant director of the Office of Prosecution).
Japanese: 1868年徴士参与職・国防事務局判事、軍務官判事、弾正大忠、弾正少弼
English: As Tomozane was born in Kajiya-machi, he had been friends with SAIGO, OKUBO, Atsushi SAISHO and others since his early childhood.
Japanese: 加治屋町に生まれたため、西郷や大久保、税所篤らは幼少期からの親友である。
English: In 1864, he pleaded for the return of SAIGO, who had been in exile, and visited the island as a messenger to recall him.
Japanese: 1864年には、流罪であった西郷の復帰を嘆願し、召還使となって渡島している。
English: When SAIGO was given a court rank for his achievements in the Restoration of Imperial Rule, Tomozane, having forgot SAIGO's imina (real personal name, but tabooed out of respect while he was alive), erroneously registered his imina as "Takamori" which was SAIGO's father Kichibei's imina.
Japanese: 王政復古の功によって西郷に位階を授けられる際、西郷の諱を忘れてしまい、誤って西郷の父吉兵衛の諱である「隆盛」で届け出てしまう。
English: Although SAIGO's first name was "Takanaga" at the time of genpuku (coming of age ceremony), which was later changed into "Takeo," he began to announce his first name as Takamori from this incident on.
Japanese: 西郷の元服時は「隆永」、のち「武雄」と改めていたが、この一件以降は隆盛を名乗っている。
English: While SAIGO's honor had not been recovered after his death, Tomozane, together with Masaharu (or Shoji) IJICHI, Michihira IWASHITA, Taneomi SOEJIMA and others, secretly performed rites and festivals on an anniversary of his death and made efforts to realize the audience of SAIGO's bereaved children with Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 西郷の名誉が回復されなかった当時、伊地知正治や岩下方平、副島種臣とともに命日に極秘で祭礼を行い、また、その遺児を明治天皇に拝謁させること等に尽力した。
English: At the time of Kinmon no hen Incident, Tomozane met with Ichirobei-masahiro INUI, a retainer of Tosa Domain, Keisuke OTSUKA, a retainer of Kurume Domain and others submitted a written opinion to the Imperial Court in order to strengthen determination of the Imperial Court against the Choshu Clan.
Japanese: 禁門の変においては、長州藩に対する朝廷の決意を固めるため、土佐藩士・乾市郎平正厚、久留米藩士・大塚敬介らと合議して意見書を朝廷に建白している。
English: He escorted Ryoma SAKAMAOTO, who got injured in the Teradaya Incident, to the residence of Satsuma Domain in Kyoto.
Japanese: 寺田屋襲撃によって負傷した坂本龍馬が京都の薩摩藩邸へ移動する際、その護衛の任に当たっている。
English: Subsequently, Tomozane offered his residence to SAKAMOTO on his honeymoon in Satsuma, and was in return presented a short sword named "Raikunimitsu" as a token of gratitude.
Japanese: その後、坂本の薩摩での新婚旅行で自邸を宿舎として提供し、感謝の意として「来国光」の短刀を贈られている。
English: In the Jinshin War of 672, he joined the army of Oama no Miko (Prince Oama, later became Emperor Tenmu) and distinguished himself in the Battle of Ashiike.
Japanese: 672年の壬申の乱のとき大海人皇子（天武天皇）側の軍に加わり、葦池の側の戦いで活躍した。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), he is mentioned as taking part in the Battle of Ashiike which took place about July 5 at the west of Nara Basin.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』の中で、来目は7月5日頃に奈良盆地の西部で起きた葦池の側の戦いに現れる。
English: In this battle, the force led by OTOMO no Fukei supporting Oama no Miko fought against the force led by IKI no Karakuni supporting Otomo no Miko (Prince Otomo who has been called Emperor Kobun after the Meiji period).
Japanese: この会戦では大伴吹負が率いる大海人皇子側の軍と、壱伎韓国が率いる大友皇子（弘文天皇）側の軍が戦った。
English: According to "Nihonshoki," Kume pulled out his sword and ran his horse straight into the hostile troop.
Japanese: 書紀によればこのとき、来目は刀を抜いて馬を走らせ、敵軍の中にまっすぐ突入した。
English: Since Kume's arrow missed, Karakuni managed to run away, however Karakuni could not rally his run-away soldiers.
Japanese: 来目の矢は当たらず、韓国は逃げおおせたが、敗走した軍を立て直すことはできなかった。
English: Some scholars are skeptical of Kume's existence as the record lacks his name despite the fact that he played a dramatic part in the battle and there remain no records about commendation for him after the war.
Japanese: 劇的な活躍をした人物なのに名が欠けていること、戦後に来目を賞する記事が見えないことから、来目の実在を疑う学者がいる。
English: According that theory, he was invented by the editor of "Nihonshoki" or by the writer of the record of the Otomo clan which is believed the editor of "Nihonshoki" had referred.
Japanese: その説では、『日本書紀』編者、あるいはそれが参考にしたと想像される大伴氏の記録を作成した者が造作したという。
English: He was Yatsuko (or Yakko, servant) of Oi-dera Temple, and in the Jinshin War of 672, he joined the Army of Oama no Miko (Prince Oama), and guarded the main camp of the OTOMO no Fukei's force at the old road of Yamato.
Japanese: 大井寺の奴で、672年の壬申の乱のとき大海人皇子側の軍勢に加わり、大和の古道で大伴吹負の本営を支えた。
English: Tokomaro is mentioned in the scene of the battle at Naka-tsu-michi Road of Yamato (Yamato Province), in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 徳麻呂の名は、『日本書紀』が記す倭（大和国）の中道（なかつみち）での戦闘中に現れる。
English: In the battle, OTOMO no Fukei, who was leading the troops to support Oama no Miko (Prince Oama, later became Emperor Tenmu), directly commanded a troop on Naka-tsu-michi Road which was one of the troops he had deployed in the old roads of Yamato.
Japanese: この戦いで大海人皇子（天武天皇）側の軍勢を率いた大伴吹負は、大和の古道に配した部隊のうち中道のものを直接指揮していた。
English: To capture them, a commander of the enemy's troops, INUKAI no Ikimi gave IOI no Kujira two hundreds of selected warriors and ordered him to attack the Fukei's camp.
Japanese: 対して、敵将犬養五十君は廬井鯨に二百の精兵を与えて吹負の営を衝かせた。
English: At that time, Fukei did not prepare many soldiers there, so couldn't repel the attack.
Japanese: そのとき吹負の周りには兵が少なく、襲撃を阻止することができなかった。
English: Soon after that, the troops of MIWA no Takechimaro and of OKISOME no Usagi who had defeated the enemy's troops at Kami-tsu-michi Road, attacked the Kujira's troop from behind, the Kujira's soldiers ran away.
Japanese: やがて上道で敵を破った三輪高市麻呂と置始兔の部隊が鯨の背後に回りこむと、鯨の部隊は敗走した。
English: Although "Nihonshoki" describes the Jinshin War in detail, this is the only scene mentioning identity of a regular soldier.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』は壬申の乱について詳しく述べるが、一般兵士の身元まで記すはこの一箇所だけである。
English: This four characters '大井寺奴' (Oi-dera no Yatsuko [servants of Oi-dera Temple]) recorded in "Nihonshoki" proves that the common people were widely mobilized as soldiers, and this is also an example that Yatsuko (or Yakko, male slave) of ancient Japan fought bravely as soldiers.
Japanese: 「大井寺奴」の4字は、兵士が民衆的な層から広く動員されたことを教える証拠であり、また、古代日本の奴（奴婢の男）が兵士として勇戦した例でもある。
English: IOI no Kujira (date of birth and death unknown) lived during the Asuka period of Japan.
Japanese: 廬井鯨（いおいのくじら、生没年不明）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
English: In the Jinshin War of 672, he became Suke-no-Ikusanokimi (assistant commander) of the army of Otomo no Miko (Prince Otomo who has been called Emperor Kobun after the Meiji period); he fought at the old road of Yamato and lost.
Japanese: 672年の壬申の乱のとき、大友皇子（弘文天皇）側の別将となり、大和の古道で戦って敗れた。
English: The rank of IOI no Kujira at the outbreak of the Jinshin War is unknown, however, he was Suke-no-Ikusanokimi when INUKAI no Ikimi, Ikusanokimi (commander) of the army of Otomo no Miko (Emperor Kobun), advanced south to capture Yamato (Yamato Province) the enemy's troops had camped.
Japanese: 壬申の乱勃発時に廬井鯨がどのような地位にあったかは不明だが、大友皇子（弘文天皇）の側の将犬養五十君が倭（大和国）の敵軍に向けて南に進んだとき、その別将であった。
English: Ikimi advanced to Muraya and built a camp, and ordered Kujira lead two hundreds selected soldiers to attack the main camp of commander OTOMO no Fukei who was supporting the enemy's army.
Japanese: 五十君は、村屋まで進んで陣営を置き、鯨に200の精兵を率いさせ、敵将大伴吹負の本営を衝かせた。
English: During the battle, the left wing of the Otomo no Miko's army (which Kujira had been supporting) was defeated at the old roads of Yamato, and from there, the enemy's troops led by MIWA no Takechimaro and OKISOME no Usagi came to join the battle at the Fukei's camp.
Japanese: そうするうちに、大和の古道にあった味方の左翼が破れ、そこから三輪高市麻呂と置始菟の敵部隊が転じて来た。
English: Fukei saw him and ordered a brave man from Kai Province, 'That man on the white horse is IOI no Kujira. Go after him right away and shoot him.'
Japanese: 吹負はこれを見て、甲斐の勇者に「あの白馬に乗る者は廬井鯨だ。急いで追って射よ」と命じた。
English: Suetada MIZUHAI (years of birth and death unknown), who lived in the late Heian period, was a Shinto priest of Hiraoka-jinja Shrine, the Ichinomiya (shrine with the highest ranking in the area) of Kawachi Province.
Japanese: 水走季忠（みずはいすえただ、生没年不詳）は、平安時代後期の河内国一ノ宮の枚岡神社（平岡神社）の神職。
English: Hiraoka-jinja Shrine sits at the foot of Mt. Ikoma, which is located in the eastern area of Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, and owned vast fiefdoms that included the majority of the present Higashi-Osaka cityscape and part of Daito City, Shijonawate City, Yao City, Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture, and Heguri-cho, Ikoma County.
Japanese: 枚岡神社は、現在の大阪府東大阪市東部の生駒山麓にあり、東大阪市市域の大部分と大東市、四條畷市、八尾市、奈良県生駒市、生駒郡平群町の一部に及ぶ大きな領地を保有していた。
English: As society began to enter tumultuous years, however, priests were required to pursue armament to maintain and protect fiefdoms.
Japanese: しかし、世が乱れ始めると、それを維持し守るために武装することが必要となった。
English: As Suetada MIZUHAI--although he was a Shinto priest-- had military prowess and a personal magnetism, he was elected the head of a militant group.
Japanese: 水走季忠は神職であったが武勇に優れ、人望も厚かったことからその武装集団の長となった。
English: The militant group, which differed from organizations of armed bonzes, gradually developed into an armed group (group of warriors) under the leadership of Suetada.
Japanese: 武装集団は僧兵組織とは異なり、次第に季忠の監督の下に武士団へと変貌していった。
English: The armed group was financially dependent on the fiefs of Hiraoka-jinja Shrine and Oe-mikuriya, a manor in the Oe region, which was directly controlled by the Imperial family.
Japanese: その財政基盤は、枚岡神社の社領と、天皇の直轄領であった大江御厨などであった。
English: The present Mizuhai district lies inland, but in ancient time, this area was covered with sprawling rice pads and swamps, many rivers such as the former tributary of the Yamato River and River Neyagawa, and lakes and ponds such as Fukonoike Pond.
Japanese: また、現在の水走は内陸部にあるが、古来、この地まで深田や沼地が続き、旧大和川の支流や寝屋川など多くの河川や深野池などの湖沼や河川があった。
English: This advantage, which resulted in the advanced water transportation system and the development of river ports, rendered great financial support for the armed group.
Japanese: 水運が発達しており、港があったことから、それらの権益を財政基盤としていた。
English: Suetada founded the Mizuhai Navy--although its scale was small--and fortified his control over water transportation in regions alongside the Yamato River and River Yodo.
Japanese: 季忠は小規模ながら水走水軍を創設し、大和川・淀川流域に水運を支配することで勢力を強めた。
English: Also, because the Hiraoka-no-muraji clan, the ancestor of the Mizuhai clan, had come from the same line as the Nakatomi clan, it can be said that the Mizuhai clan had kinship with the Fujiwara clan, descendants of the Nakatomi clan.
Japanese: また、水走氏の祖である平岡連は中臣氏と同族であったことから、その中臣氏の末裔である藤原氏とも同族といえる。
English: The Fujiwara clan worshipped Kasuga-taisha Shrine as Uji-sha Shrine (shrine built for praying clan's glory) while Hiraoka-jinja Shrine, which is also known as 'Motokasuga, or the former Kasuga,' can be considered the predecessor of Kasuga-taisha Shrine.
Japanese: また、藤原氏は春日大社を氏社としていたが、枚岡神社は元春日とも呼ばれるように春日大社の前身ともいえる神社であった。
English: Accordingly, Suetada tried to get acquainted with the Fujiwara clan, who paid respect also to Hiraoka-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: このことから、藤原氏一門からも尊崇を受けていたことなどから藤原氏に接近した。
English: Also, Suetada served the Kawachi-Genji clan (the Minamoto clan), which had a base in Kawachi Province and came to the fore as an armed group, as an acolyte of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and his son, MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, who became the Kawachi no kami (the governor of Kawachi Province).
Japanese: また、武士団として平安時代後期に河内国を本拠に活動した河内源氏に対しても、源義家やその子で河内守となった源義忠などの家人となった。
English: Yasutada MIZUHAI, the son of Suetada and Yoshitada's daughter, and the ensuing family heads used not 'FUJIWARA' but 'MINAMOTO' surname.
Japanese: その間に生まれた水走康忠以降の当主は、本姓をそれまでの「藤原氏」ではなく「源氏」を名乗っている。
English: Suetada extended his influence by insinuating himself into powerful families such as Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), Insei (government by cloistered emperors) circles, and Kawachi-Genji clan, and succeeded in establishing the power base of the Mizuhai clan.
Japanese: 摂関家や院政、河内源氏などに巧みに接近して、その勢力を拡大し、水走氏の勢力基盤を築くことに成功した。
English: As TAIRA no Kiyomori came into power after the Hogen Rebellion and the Heiji Rebellion, Suetada get acquainted with Kiyomori as his cousin-in-law (the mother of Suetada's legal wife (the daughter of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada) was an aunt of TAIRA no Kiyomori).
Japanese: その後、保元の乱、平治の乱を経て、平清盛が権力を握ると、季忠はその義理の従兄弟（正室の源義忠の息女の母は平清盛の伯母にあたる）として接近した。
English: Since his son, Yasutada MIZUHAI, took over the family head in 1184, it can be understood that Suetada had passed away or gone into retirement by then.
Japanese: 1184年には子の水走康忠が家督を継いでいることから、それまでには亡くなるか隠居していたものと思われる。
English: Torataro SAIGO (August 21, 1866 - January 1, 1919) was a military man of the Imperial Japanese Army.
Japanese: 西郷寅太郎（さいごうとらたろう、1866年8月21日（慶応2年7月12日(旧暦)）-1919年1月1日）は、日本の大日本帝国陸軍軍人。
English: After Takamori had been deprived of his court rank as a ringleader of the Seinan War (Satsuma Rebellion), his family and relatives lived secretly in Kagoshima.
Japanese: 隆盛は西南戦争の首魁（しゅかい）として官位を褫奪され、一族は鹿児島で密かに暮らしていた。
English: In 1884, as a result of the successful appeal of Tomozane YOSHII, Kaishu KATSU and others to the government, Emperor Meiji ordered Torataro to study in Potsdam Army War College, and while he was studying in Germany for thirteen years, he became a Prussian army lieutenant.
Japanese: 1884年（明治17年）に吉井友実や勝海舟等の働き掛けが功を奏し、明治天皇の思召しからポツダム陸軍士官学校留学を命ぜられ、13年もの間ドイツで学び、その間プロイセン陸軍少尉となる。
English: On June 3, Torataro was conferred the title of Marquis and thus raised to the peerage on the ground of his father Takamori's achievements in the Restoration, thereafter becoming a member of the House of Peers (Marquis member).
Japanese: 6月3日父隆盛の維新の功により侯爵を授かり華族に列せられ、貴族院議員（侯爵議員）に就任する。
English: On November 11, 1914, during World War I, he assumed the position of Tokyo Internment Camp Chief, and on September 7, 1915, became Narashino Internment Camp Chief.
Japanese: 第一次世界大戦中の1914年（大正3年）11月11日東京俘虜収容所長に就任、1915年（大正4年）9月7日習志野俘虜収容所長に移る。
English: On January 1, 1919, he died while in office due to pneumonia caused by the Spanish flu.
Japanese: 1919年（大正8年）1月1日スペインかぜによる肺炎が元で在職中に薨去。
English: The family estate was succeeded by Torataro's second son Takateru, but Takateru had no heir, so that Torataro's third son Kichinosuke SAIGO succeeded to Takateru.
Japanese: 家督は次男の西郷隆輝が継ぐが、隆輝に継嗣がいなかったため、その後を寅太郎の三男・西郷吉之助が継ぐ。
English: Incidentally, Sanenori SONODA, father of Torataro's wife Nobu (mother of Nobuko, Takateru and Kichinosuke), was an old brother of Hikoshichi TAKE who was a great grandfather of Yutaka TAKE and Koshiro TAKE, that is, they are distant relatives.
Japanese: ちなみに、妻・ノブ（信子・隆輝、吉之助の母）の父・園田実徳は武豊・武幸四郎の曾祖父・武彦七の兄にあたるため、彼らは遠縁関係となる。
English: Samata SAKUMA (November 19, 1844 - August 5, 1915) was a military man of the Imperial Japanese Army and a peer.
Japanese: 佐久間左馬太（さくまさまた、天保15年10月10日(旧暦)（1844年11月19日）-大正4年（1915年）8月5日）は、日本の大日本帝国陸軍軍人、華族。
English: Having held prominent positions such as Taiwan sotoku (governor-general of Taiwan), Tokyo Eiju sotoku (governor-general of Tokyo garrison) and Konoe shidancho (division commander of the Imperial Guards), Samata was raised to Army General, Shonii (Senior Second Rank), Grand Cordon of the Order, and Count.
Japanese: 台湾総督・東京衛戍総督・近衛師団長等を歴任し、階級は陸軍大将正二位勲一等伯爵に昇る。
English: Samata, whose father was Takenojo SAKUMA, a feudal retainer of Choshu Domain, learned Western military science under Masujiro OMURA and participated in the Second Conquest of Choshu in 1866, as a daitaicho (Chief) of the Choshu army.
Japanese: 長州藩士佐久間竹之允を父に持つ左馬太は大村益次郎の元で西洋兵学を学び、慶応2年（1866年）第二次長州征伐の時には長州軍の大隊長として従軍した。
English: After fighting in the Boshin War, Samata joined the army and was appointed Army Captain stationed at Saikai Chindai (garrison) in 1872.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争を経て陸軍軍人となり、明治5年（1872年）陸軍大尉・西海鎮台付に任命される。
English: In February, 1874, after the subdual of Saga War (Saga Rebellion), Samata assumed the position of Kumamoto Chindai (garrison) Sanbocho (Assistant Chief of Staff) and participated in the Taiwan expedition.
Japanese: 明治7年（1874年）2月佐賀の乱平定後、熊本鎮台参謀長に就任し台湾出兵に従軍。
English: In the Seinan War (Satsuma Rebellion) in 1877, Samata acted as Chief of the Sixth Infantry Regiment.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）の西南戦争には歩兵第6連隊長として参加した。
English: In February, 1881, he was raised to Army Major General and Commander at Sendai Chindai, to the Tenth Infantry Brigade Commander in May 1885, and to Army Lieutenant General in 1886, and was bestowed with the Baronage the next year.
Japanese: 明治14年（1881年）2月、陸軍少将・仙台鎮台司令官に進み、明治18年（1885年）5月には歩兵第10旅団長、明治19年（1886年）陸軍中将に進み翌年男爵に叙せられる。
English: He participated in the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, as Division Commander of the Second Infantry Division and was engaged in capturing Weihai Garrison.
Japanese: 明治27年（1894年）の日清戦争では第2師団長として出征し威海衛の攻略に当った。
English: In May 1895, after the war, he assumed the position of General-governor of the occupied territory, received Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun in the same year and was raised to Viscount.
Japanese: 戦後の明治28年（1895年）5月占領地総督に就任し、同年勲一等旭日大綬章を受章し子爵に陞爵。
English: Having served as Konoe shidancho and Chubu totoku (Governor-general of the Chubu region), he was appointed Army General in 1898.
Japanese: 近衛師団長・中部都督を経て明治31年（1898年）陸軍大将に任ぜられる。
English: Despite taking a temporary leave of absence from work, he served as the Tokyo Eiju sotoku in 1904, and the Taiwan sotoku and received Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flower in April 1906, and was raised to Count in 1907.
Japanese: 一時休職したものの明治37年（1904年）東京衛戍総督、明治39年（1906年）4月には台湾総督に就任し勲一等旭日桐花大綬章を受章、明治40年（1907年）伯爵に陞爵する。
English: Hiroshi YAMAKAWA (December 4, 1845 - February 4, 1898) was a feudal retainer of the Aizu clan and a Daisanji (second to a governor) of the Tonami domain from the end of Edo Period to Meiji Period.
Japanese: 山川浩（やまかわひろし、1845年12月4日（弘化2年11月6日(旧暦)）-1898年2月4日）は幕末・明治時代の会津藩士及び斗南藩大参事。
English: In 1862, he accompanied Katamori MATSUDAIRA, a lord of domain, who was appointed as Kyoto Shugoshoku ((Military governor of Kyoto), to Kyoto.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）に藩主・松平容保が京都守護職を拝命したのに伴い京都へ同行する。
English: After four years, in 1866, he went to Russia accompanying an envoy of Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 4年後の慶応2年(1866年)に江戸幕府の使者と同行しロシアに渡航。
English: Okura who had seen and heard about the countries in Europe recognized the huge power of the world, and is said to have realized the expulsion of foreigners was meaningless.
Japanese: ヨーロッパ諸国を見聞した大蔵は、世界の大勢を知り攘夷の非を悟ったといわれている。
English: In Boshin War that broke out in 1868, he successively took part in the battle in Edo and Aizu, after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
Japanese: 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では鳥羽・伏見の戦いを経て江戸、会津と転戦。
English: In Aizu War, he brought a dazzling victory by defeating the New government army led by Taisuke ITAGAKI, and on October 7, 1868, informed that Aizu Wakamatsu Castle was surrounded by the enemy, he took such a stupefying strategy as to let their reinforcements enter the castle with performers playing Higan-jishi, a traditional performing art of Aizu Region, put in the head of the procession.
Japanese: 会津戦争では板垣退助率いる新政府軍を破るという金星を挙げるが、8月22日_(旧暦)（1868年10月7日）に会津若松城が包囲されていることを知り、会津地方の伝統芸能である彼岸獅子を先頭で演じさせて加勢を入城させるという離れ業を演じた。
English: Although he was appointed as Governor General of Defense for this achievement, they were obviously outnumbered even with the reinforcements, so his wife was killed by an explosion, then Aizu Wakamatsu Casle fell to the enemy.
Japanese: この功績によって防衛総督に任じられるも加勢を持ってしても多勢に無勢は明らかで、妻のトセが爆死し、会津若松城は落城。
English: In 1870, he was appointed as Daisanji (second to a governor) (position of Karo 〔chief retainers〕) of the domain of Tonami, but his real income was small compared to the total number of feudal retainers of domain, so Hiroshi went through a lot and had no other way than putting out his sister Sakiko (later, Sutematsu) for adoption to Hakodate City in almost the same way as reducing the mouths to feed.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）に斗南藩の大参事（家老職）となるが、藩士総数に対して実収は少なく、浩自身も妹・咲子（後の捨松）を函館市に口減らし同然に里子に出すなどの苦労を重ねる。
English: After Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he served his hometown Aomori Precture, but by recommendation from Tateki TANI who had been watching his performance in Boshin War, he began to serve the army in 1871.
Japanese: 廃藩置県後は地元の青森県に出仕していたが、戊辰戦争での活躍を見ていた谷干城の推薦により明治4年（1871年）には陸軍に出仕。
English: In 1873, he was promoted to Army Major, that moved him to Kumamoto Chinjufu (Pacification and Defense Headquarters in Kumamoto Prefecture), and in the following year, he showed great performance in the suppression of Saga War.
Japanese: 明治6年（1873年）に陸軍少佐に昇進して熊本鎮守府に移り、翌年の佐賀の乱の鎮圧に活躍する。
English: In 1877, he showed great performance in the rescue of Tateki TANI who was also one of his sworn allies in Seinan War, and he was promoted to Colonel for this achievement in 1880.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）の西南戦争では盟友でもあった谷干城の救出に活躍しこの功績で明治13年（1880年）には大佐に昇格した。
English: Hiroshi YAMAKAWA seems to have been considering Seinan War was for the sake of restoring impaired reputation of Aizu Domain, so he left a waka (Japanese poetry) saying, "People in Satsuma, make sure the edge of sword the strong warrior from east holding with is sharp or dull."
Japanese: 山川浩自身は西南戦争を「会津藩名誉回復の戦争」と考えていたらしく「薩摩人、みよや東の丈夫（ますらお）が提げ佩く太刀の利（と）きか鈍きか」という和歌を残している。
English: In 1885, he was appointed as principal of Tokyo Higher Normal School and Women's Higher Normal School, remaining in the army on instructions of Arinori MORI.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）、森有礼の命により陸軍に在籍したまま東京高等師範学校校長と女子高等師範学校校長に任命された。