nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It can be said that utamakura is a figment of the imagination, which has not been familiar in reality but gradually formed by appearing in the scenes of poems and tales repeatedly separately from the real scenery.
Japanese: 実際の風景を元に親しまれてきたというよりは、歌や物語で場面として繰り返し登場する中で、実際の風景から離れたところでイメージが形成されてきたもので空想の産物とも言える。
English: It refers to the books such as "Noin Utamakura," a Kagakusho (a book on the study of waka poems) explaining utamakura, and "Utamakura Nayose," a list of utamakura.
Japanese: 歌枕の解説が書かれた歌学書の『能因歌枕（のういんうたまくら）』や一覧を列記した『歌枕名寄（うたまくらなよせ）』などの書物のこと。
English: Manyo-gana is a kind of kana (the Japanese syllabaries), and it mainly refers to the letters from which Japanese people borrowed Chinese-derived pronunciation in order to express Japanese in ancient times.
Japanese: 万葉仮名（まんようがな）とは仮名(文字)の一種で、主として上代に日本語を表記するために漢字の音を借用して用いられた文字のことである。
English: The most prominent characteristic of Manyo-gana is that, regardless of the meanings of the Chinese characters, one letter was used to represent each syllable of Japanese which was expressed with Chinese characters in a square or a cursive style.
Japanese: 楷書体ないし行書体で表現された漢字の一字一字を、その義（漢字本来の意味）に拘わらずに日本語の一音節の表記のために用いるというのが万葉仮名の最大の特徴である。
English: The way of writing ballads and kunchu (notes on kun [Japanese readings]) in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) and "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) is the same as that in Manyoshu.
Japanese: 『古事記』や『日本書紀』の歌謡や訓注などの表記も万葉集と同様である。
English: Shunto Shonin (the venerable Shunto), who was a scholar of the Japanese classics in the Edo period, classified Manyo-gana in the order of the Japanese syllabary into seion (literally, Chinese-derived character reading in normal manner), ryakuon (literally, Chinese-derived character reading in short manner), seikun (literally, native Japanese reading in normal manner), gikun (literally, native Japanese reading by meaning of Chinese character), ryakkun (literally, native Japanese reading in short manner), yakukun (literally, native Japanese reading in brief manner), shakkun (literally, native Japanese reading in borrowed manner), and gisho (literally, playful and technical reading) in "Manyo Yojikaku" (1818).
Japanese: 江戸時代の和学者・春登上人は『万葉用字格』（1818年）の中で、万葉仮名を五十音順に整理し〈正音・略音・正訓・義訓・略訓・約訓・借訓・戯書〉に分類した。
English: The number of Manyo-gana used in the Kojiki, Nihonshoki, and Manyoshu reaches 973 when they are classified in accordance with the origins of the characters.
Japanese: 万葉仮名の字体をその字源によって分類すると記紀・万葉を通じてその数は973に達する。
English: The way of writing in Manyoshu and Nihonshoki was organized, and therefore it is not known when Manyo-gana was generated.
Japanese: 万葉集や日本書紀に現れた表記のあり方は整っており、万葉仮名がいつ生まれたのかということは疑問であった。
English: It is considered that Manyo-gana was completed around the seventh century, from documents left in the Shosoin Treasure House and excavation of materials written on narrow strips of wood.
Japanese: 正倉院に遺された文書や木簡資料の発掘などにより万葉仮名は7世紀ごろには成立したとされている。
English: The oldest material among the ones actually used is the wooden strip, which was made before 652 and excavated in Naniwanomiya, Chuo Ward, Osaka City.
Japanese: 実際の使用が確かめられる資料のうち最古のものは、大阪市中央区の難波宮（なにわのみや）跡において発掘された652年以前の木簡である。
English: 11 characters which seem to have been the opening line of waka poetry, 'ha ru ku sa no ha ji me no to shi' (皮留久佐乃皮斯米之刀斯, literally, the first year of spring plants) were written on it.
Japanese: 「皮留久佐乃皮斯米之刀斯（はるくさのはじめのとし）」と和歌の冒頭と見られる11文字が記されている。
English: However, an iron sword with gold inscription, which was found from Inariyama-kofun Tumulus made in the fifth century, is older, and it has a possible name of the 21st Emperor Yuryaku, 'wa ka ta ke ru daio' (獲加多支鹵大王, the King Wakatakeru), on it.
Japanese: しかしながらさらに古い5世紀の稲荷山古墳から発見された金錯銘鉄剣には「獲加多支鹵（わかたける）大王」という21代雄略天皇に推定される名が刻まれている。
English: This means that the way of writing proper nouns borrowing the sound of Chinese characters had been established at least by the fifth century.
Japanese: 漢字の音を借りて固有語を表記する方法は5世紀には確立していた事になる。
English: Yamato Takeru no Mikoto (written in Chinese characters as 日本武尊, also written as 倭建命 in the "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters)), who was also called Ousu no Mikoto (小碓命, Prince Ousu) and Yamato Oguna (written as 日本童男), is a person who is regarded as the son of Emperor Keiko and the father of Emperor Chuai.
Japanese: 日本武尊（やまとたけるのみこと、『古事記』では倭建命と表記）こと小碓命（おうすのみこと）、またの名を日本童男（やまとおぐな）は、景行天皇の皇子で、仲哀天皇の父とされる人物。
English: There is a viewpoint that he is, in fact, a fictitious character embodying several heroes in Yamato who lived in the period between the fourth and sixth or seventh centuries (a theory by Sokichi TSUDA).
Japanese: 実際には、4世紀から6世紀、7世紀頃の複数の大和(ヤマト)の英雄を具現化した架空の人物（津田左右吉説）という見方もある。
English: Son: Take Kaiko no Miko (武卵王, also written as 武殻王 and 建貝児王), the ancestor of the Aya clan of Sanuki Province and the Miyaji clan.
Japanese: 武卵王（たけかいこのみこ、武殻王・建貝児王）-讃岐国綾氏・宮道氏の祖。
English: Son: Ashi Kagami Wake no Miko (蘆髪蒲見別王, also written as 蘆髪蒲見別王 and as 葦噉竈見別王), ancestor of the Wake family in Kamakura.
Japanese: 蘆髪蒲見別王　（あしかがみわけのみこ、蘆髪蒲見別王・葦噉竈見別王）-鎌倉別の祖。
English: According to the "Nihonshoki," Yamato Takeru and this Oousu no Mikoto are considered to be twins.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』によると、ヤマトタケルとこの大碓皇子は双子であるとされる。
English: There are quite a lot of differences concerning the brothers of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto and the relationship of his wives and their children between the "Kojiki" and the "Nihonshoki."
Japanese: 『古事記』と『日本書紀』では日本武尊の兄弟や、妃と子の関係にかなりの異同がある。
English: In addition, the "Kojiki" has a lineage so incomprehensible that it has Kaguro Hime no Mikoto, who is the great-granddaughter of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto, become the consort of the Emperor Keiko and gave birth to Oe no Miko (大江王, also called Hikohito no Oe 彦人大兄).
Japanese: また『古事記』は倭建命の曾孫（ひひこ）である迦具漏比売命が景行天皇の妃となって大江王（彦人大兄）をもうけるという不可解な系譜を載せている。
English: From the above, there are some theories that are negative about the parent-child relationship between Emperor Keiko and Yamato Takeru no Mikoto (such as those of Iwao YOSHII and Masao SUGANO).
Japanese: このことから景行天皇と日本武尊の親子関係について否定的な見解が示されている（吉井巌、菅野雅雄など）。
English: Here those anecdotes are described, with a focus on the "Kojiki," which is more romantic and colored by the tragedy resulting from the relationship between the main character and his father, the emperor.
Japanese: ここではより浪漫的要素が強く、主人公や父天皇の人間関係から来る悲劇性に彩られた、『古事記』の方の説話を中心に述べてゆく。
English: (On the whole, the "Nihonshoki" has a higher tendency to praise emperors and be subordinate to them.)
Japanese: (おおむね、『日本書紀』のほうが天皇賛美の傾向が強く、天皇に従属的である）。
English: Ousu no Mikoto slew his brother Oousu no Mikoto with his bare hands due to a disagreement about the interpretation of the commands of his father, the emperor, against his brother, who had deprived his father of his favorite consort.
Japanese: 父の寵妃を奪った兄大碓命に対する父天皇の命令の解釈の行き違いから、小碓命は素手で兄をつまみ殺してしまう。
English: Due to that, his father feared and shunned Ousu no Mikoto, and ordered him to subjugate the brothers Kumaso Takeru in Kyushu.
Japanese: そのことで小碓命は父に恐れられ、疎まれて、九州の熊襲建兄弟の討伐を命じられる。
English: Ousu no Mikoto, with only a few servants, first went to Ise Province where his aunt Yamato Hime no Mikoto had been serving as the high priestess and he was given some female clothing.
Japanese: わずかな従者しか与えられなかった小碓命は、まず叔母の倭姫命が斎王を勤めていた伊勢国へ赴き女性の衣装を授けられる。
English: (It says that there was a rebellion again in the Kyushu region where his father, the emperor had subjugated once, and the emperor dispatched the 16-year-old Ousu no Mikoto to subdue it.)
Japanese: (父天皇が一旦平定した九州地方で、再び叛乱が起きたため、16歳の小碓命を討伐に遣わしたとある。)
English: Coming to Kyushu, Ousu no Mikoto disguised himself as a beautiful girl and slipped into the banquet celebrating Kumaso Takeru's newly-built dwelling.
Japanese: 九州に入った小碓命は、熊襲建の新室の宴に美少女に変装して忍び込んだ。
English: The executed younger brother Takeru, at the moment of his death, lauded Ousu no Mikoto's bravery, and gave the name of Yamato Takeru to him, who had been called Yamato Oguna.
Japanese: 誅伐された弟建は死に臨み、その武勇を嘆賞し、自らをヤマトヲグナと名乗る小碓命に譲って倭建（ヤマトタケル）の号を献じた。
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," the story is almost the same except for the following: the head of Kumaso was Kawakami no Takeru (川上梟帥) alone, and the lines spoken sound more subordinate to the Imperial family than the ones in the "Kojiki.")
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では熊襲の首長が川上梟帥〈タケル〉一人とされている点と、台詞が『古事記』より、天皇家に従属的な点を除けば、ほぼ同じである。)
English: But one day, he exchanged Izumo Takeru's sword for a false one in advance, then asked him to cross swords and killed him.
Japanese: しかし、ある日、出雲建の太刀を偽物と交換した上で、太刀あわせを申し込み殺してしまう。
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," the same type of tale is seen in the article of Emperor Sujin as a story between Izumo no Furune and his younger brother Iiirine.)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では崇神天皇の条に出雲振根と弟の飯入根の物語として、全く同型の話が見える。)
English: (However, this episode in Izumo is not told at all as a story about Yamato Takeru no Mikoto.)
Japanese: (が、日本武尊（倭建命）の話としては出雲の話は全く語られていない。)
English: (After he subdued the Kumaso, he destroyed evil deities in Kibi and Naniwa and opened the routes on land and water, and the emperor praised him and bestowed favor upon him.)
Japanese: (熊襲討伐後は吉備や難波の邪神を退治して、水陸の道を開き、天皇の賞賛と寵愛を受ける）。
English: As soon as Yamato Takeru returned from his conquest of the savage tribes in the western regions, the Emperor Keiko ordered him to subjugate the savage tribes in the eastern regions.
Japanese: 西方の蛮族の討伐から帰るとすぐに、景行天皇は重ねて東方の蛮族の討伐を命じる。
English: Yamato Takeru no Mikoto visited Yamato Hime no Mikoto again and lamented to her that his father the emperor likely wished for his death.
Japanese: 倭建命は再び倭姫命を訪ね、父天皇は自分に死ねと思っておられるのか、と嘆く。
English: Yamato Hime no Mikoto gave Yamato Takeru no Mikoto the sacred sword, Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi (the Kusanagi sword, literally grass-mowing sword) and a bag, which had been placed in the Ise-jingu Shrine, and told him, 'Open it at a critical juncture.'
Japanese: 倭姫命は日本武尊（倭建命）に伊勢神宮にあった神剣天叢雲剣（草薙剣）と袋とを与え、「危急の時にはこれを開けなさい」と言う。
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," Oousu no Mikoto was chosen as the general for the conquest in the eastern region at first, but he was seized with fear and fled.)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では当初、大碓命が東征の将軍に選ばれたが、彼は怖気づいて逃げてしまう。)
English: (The emperor bestowed the highest praise on him and promised him succession to the throne, and sent him forth with the Kibi clan and the Otomobe clan.)
Japanese: (天皇は最大の賛辞と皇位継承の約束を与え、吉備氏や大伴部氏をつけて出発させる。)
English: (The story develops in such a way that Yamato Takeru no Mikoto voluntarily heads off to the conquest instead of his brother who lacks courage.)
Japanese: (意気地のない兄に代わって日本武尊が自発的に征討におもむく展開となっている。)
English: (The image of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto, who sets off as the focus of the emperor's expectations, is full of glory.)
Japanese: (天皇の期待を一身に受けて、出発する日本武尊像は栄光に満ちている。)
English: (There is a big gap between this and the impression of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto in the "Kojiki" who leaves for the journey in tears.)
Japanese: (『古事記』の涙にくれながら旅立つ倭建命像とは、イメージに大きな開きがある）。
English: First Yamato Takeru no Mikoto went to the house of the Owarinokuni-no-miyatsuko (the governor of Owari Province), was betrothed to Miyazu Hime (美夜受媛, also written as 宮簀媛) and then set off for the eastern provinces.
Japanese: 倭建命はまず尾張国造家に入り、美夜受媛（宮簀媛）と婚約をして東国へ赴く。
English: In Sagami Province, Yamato Takeru no Mikoto, deceived by a kuninomiyatsuko that there was a savage deity there, was attacked by setting fire to the plain.
Japanese: 相模国の国で、国造に荒ぶる神がいると欺かれた倭建命は、野中で火攻めに遭ってしまう。
English: He cut down the grass using the sword Kusanagi (Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi), set a counter-fire against his enemies, and burned them to the ground.
Japanese: それで、草薙剣（天叢雲剣）で草を掃い、迎え火を点けて逆に敵を焼き尽くしてしまう。
English: When he went across from Sagami to Kazusa Province, the deity of Hashirimizu no umi (the sea of Hashirimizu, present-day Yokosuka City) made waves rough and Yamato Takeru no Mikoto's ship was unable to move forward.
Japanese: 相模から上総国に渡る際、走水の海（横須賀市）の神が波を起こして倭建命の船は進退窮まった。
English: At that time, his wife Oto Tachibana Hime leaped into the sea on his behalf, and the waves became calm by themselves.
Japanese: そこで、后の弟橘媛が自ら命に替わって入水すると、波は自ずから凪いだ。
English: As she was about to leap into the water, she composed a poem remembering how gentle her husband Yamato Takeru no Mikoto had been when they were attacked by fire.
Japanese: 入水に当たって媛は火攻めに遭った時の夫倭建命の優しさを回想する歌を詠む。
English: Oto Tachibana Hime, with the memory of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto in her heart, went down on many layers of mats upon the waves, and leaped into the sea.
Japanese: 弟橘姫は、倭健命の思い出を胸に、幾重もの畳を波の上に引いて海に入るのである。
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," it is clearly written that Yamato Takeru no Mikoto boasted, 'We can cross such a small sea in a single bound,' and that made the gods angry.)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では｢こんな小さな海など一跳びだ」と豪語した日本武尊が神の怒りをかったことが明記されている。)
English: Then Yamato Takeru no Mikoto killed the deity of the pass of Ashigara (the border between present-day Kanagawa and Shizuoka Prefectures) by striking it with a piece of leek, and conquered the eastern regions.
Japanese: その後倭建命は、足柄坂（神奈川・静岡県境）の神を蒜（ひる＝野生の葱・韮）で打ち殺し、東国を平定した。
English: Standing at 四阿嶺 he saw the eastern regions from there and thought of Oto Tachibana Hime, grieving, 'Azuma haya' (My wife, alas...) three times.
Japanese: 四阿嶺に立ち、そこから東国を望んで弟橘姫を思い出し、「吾妻はや」（わが妻よ…）と三度嘆いた。
English: Also he composed a poem, 'How many nights have we slept since we passed the Niibari and the Tsukuba Provinces?,' which is regarded as the cradle of renga, at the Sakaorimiya in Kai Province (present-day Yamanashi Prefecture).
Japanese: また甲斐国（山梨県）の酒折宮で連歌の発祥とされる「新治国筑波国を過ぎて幾夜か寝つる」の歌を詠んだ。
English: He appointed the old man tending the fires who had finished the verse, 'When the days are put together, nine nights and ten days have already passed, as the kuninomiyatsuko of Azuma.'
Japanese: それに、「日々並べて（かがなべて）夜には九夜日には十日を」との下句を付けた火焚きの老人を東の国造に任じた。
English: (In the Nihonshoki, he went up further north from Kazusa, as far as the Kitakami river basin (present-day Miyagi Prefecture) by sea.)
Japanese: (書紀では上総からさらに海路で北上し、北上川流域（宮城県）まで至っている。)
English: (After he subdued Mutsu, he went to the Sakaorimiya in Kai and composed the poem above just as in the "Kojiki.")
Japanese: (陸奥平定後は『古事記』同様に、甲斐酒折宮へ入り、「新治…」を詠んだ。)
English: (Then he traveled to Musashi (present-day Tokyo and Saitama Prefectures) and Kozuke (present-day Gunma Prefecture), and grieved 'Azuma haya...' at the pass of Torii (the border between present-day Gunma and Nagano Prefectures).)
Japanese: (そのあと、武蔵（東京都・埼玉県）、上野（群馬県）を巡って鳥居峠（群馬・長野県境〉で、「あづまはや…」と嘆く。)
English: (Here Yamato Takeru no Mikoto sent KIBI no Takehiko to Koshi (present-day Hokuriku area), and he himself went on to Shinano (present-day Gunma Prefecture).)
Japanese: (ここで吉備武彦を越（北陸方面）に遣わし、日本武尊自身は信濃（長野県）に入る。)
English: (He killed the deity of the pass in Shinano using a piece of leek, joined KIBI no Takehiko who had been travelling around Koshi, and then went to Owari.)
Japanese: （その信濃の坂の神を蒜で殺し、越を周った吉備武彦と合流して、尾張に到る）。
English: After arriving in Owari, Yamato Takeru no Mikoto exchanged poems with Miyazu Hime who had already been engaged to be married.
Japanese: 尾張に入った倭建命は、かねてより結婚の約束をしていた美夜受媛と歌を交わす。
English: Then, leaving the sacred sword of Ise, the Kusanagi sword (Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi), with Miyazu Hime, he departed for Mt. Ibuki (the border between present-day Gifu and Shiga Prefectures) to slay the deity there with his bare hands.
Japanese: そして、伊勢の神剣草薙剣（天叢雲剣）を美夜受媛に預けたまま、伊吹山（岐阜・滋賀県境）へその神を素手で討ち取ろうと、出立する。
English: (Although the "Nihonshoki" does not have a waka poem about the menstrual blood, there is no difference about the marriage to Miyazu Hime and the details of going to slay the deity of Mt. Ibuki while leaving the sword Kusanagi behind.)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では経血について詠まれた和歌はないが、宮簀媛との結婚や、草薙剣を置いて、伊吹山の神を討ちに行く経緯に差はない）。
English: Yamato Takeru no Mikoto thought it was a messenger of the deity and ignored it, but in fact, it was the deity itself in the guise of a boar.
Japanese: 倭建命はこれを神の使いだと無視をするが、実際は神自身の化身であった。
English: Climbing down the mountain, Yamato Takeru no Mikoto came to his senses again at the spring of Isame (there are two theories about where it was: present-day Sekigahara Town at the foot of the mountain or Yonehara City).
Japanese: 山を降りた倭建命は、居醒めの清水（山麓の関ヶ原町あるいは米原市の両説あり）で正気をやや取り戻す。
English: Growing feeble, he headed for Yamato and moved toward Tagi, the Tsuetsuki pass, Otsu and the village of Mie (in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture and the north of present-day Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 弱った体で大和を目指して、当芸・杖衝坂・尾津・三重村（岐阜南部～三重北部）と進んで行く。
English: Here continues the description of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto's feelings in his last moments with anecdotes about the origin of the place names connected with it.
Japanese: ここでは地名起源説話を織り交ぜて、死に際の倭建命の心情を映し出す描写が続く。
English: Finally arriving in Nobono (present-day Kameyama City in Mie Prefecture), Yamato Takeru no Mikoto composed four songs recalling his homeland starting with 'Yamato ha kuni no mahoroba...' (Yamato is an unsurpassed place among the lands...), and ended his life there.
Japanese: そして、能煩野（三重県亀山市〉に到った倭建命はついに「倭は国のまほろば…」以下の4首の国偲び歌を詠って亡くなるのである。
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," Yamato Takeru no Mikoto had walked over the deity of Ibuki in serpent guise, and had had hail rained down upon him by the deity.)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では日本武尊が伊吹の神の化身の大蛇をまたいで通ったことから、神に氷を降らされる。)
English: (Yamato Takeru no Mikoto at last regained his senses at Isamegai, but became sick and went from Otsu to Nobono.)
Japanese: (居醒泉でようやく醒めた日本武尊だが、病身となり、尾津から能褒野へ到る。)
English: (He sent KIBI no Takehiko to the Imperial court to make reports, and he himself passed away at Nobono.)
Japanese: (朝廷には吉備武彦を遣わして報告させ、自らは能褒野の地で亡くなった。)
English: (They are regarded as poems composed in Hyuga by his father, Emperor Keiko, on the way to subjugate Kyushu.)
Japanese: (父親である景行天皇が九州平定の途中に日向で詠んだ歌となっている。)
English: (Although the lines are almost the same as in the Kojiki, which regards them as Yamato Takeru no Mikoto's farewell poems, the impression they leave is different.)
Japanese: (倭建命の辞世としている古事記とほぼ同じ文章ながら印象が異なっている）。
English: Receiving the news of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto's death, it was his wives and children who visited there from Yamato.
Japanese: 倭建命の死の知らせを聞いて、大和から訪れたのは后や御子たちであった。
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," it is said that the father, the emperor, unable to eat and sleep well, commanded his subordinates to bury Yamato Takeru no Mikoto in the Nobono burial mound.)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では父天皇は寝食も進まず、百官に命じて日本武尊を能褒野陵に葬った。)
English: (In the "Nihonshoki," it records that the white bird flew from Nobono, by way of Yamato Kotohiki no hara (present-day Gose City in Nara Prefecture) to Kawachi Furuichi (present-day Habikino City in Osaka Prefecture).)
Japanese: （『日本書紀』では白鳥の飛行ルートが能褒野→大和琴弾原（奈良県御所市）→河内古市（大阪府羽曳野市）となっている。)
English: In these anecdotes, he mowed down grass with Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi (the sword Ame-no-Murakumo, literally "Heavenly Sword of Assembled Clouds") and escaped danger when he was attacked with fire on a plain in Suruga.
Japanese: この説話では、駿河で野火攻めに遭った時、天叢雲剣（あめのむらくものつるぎ）で草をなぎ払って難を逃れた。
English: It is believed that this is why this sword came to be called "the Kusanagi sword" (grass-mowing sword).
Japanese: そのことより、この剣が“草薙剣”（くさなぎのつるぎ）と呼ばれるようになったものとしている。
English: But it was stolen by the Buddhist monk Dogyo in the seventh year of the emperor Tenchi's reign (668) and kept in the Imperial court.
Japanese: が、天智天皇7年（668年）僧道行によって盗まれ、その後は宮中に留め置かれた。
English: However, in 686, it was found that the curse of the Kusanagi sword was causing the sickness of the Emperor Tenmu, and the sword came to be enshrined at the Atsuta-jingu Shrine once more.
Japanese: ところが、朱鳥元年（686年）に天武天皇の病気が草薙剣の祟りとわかり、剣は再度熱田神宮に祭られることになった。
English: There is a ritual service at Atsuta-jingu Shrine called 'Eyodo shinji' in which people celebrate the return of the sword on that occasion.
Japanese: 熱田神宮には「酔笑人神事」といってこのときの剣の帰還をひそかに喜ぶ神事がある。
English: It is likely that there was some sort of friction between the Imperial court and the Atsuta-jingu Shrine about religious rites for the Kusanagi sword, which became a sacred treasure, and that Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, whose mother was from the Owari clan, had something to do with it.
Japanese: おそらく、尾張氏の娘を母とする安閑、宣化天皇の関係で、神器化された草薙剣の祭祀を巡って、朝廷と熱田神宮に何らかの軋轢が在ったと思われる。
English: Possibly, it was decided in the end that the religious rites would be conducted at the Atsuta-jingu Shrine, and the story of the sword, how it came from the Ise-jingu Shrine to be enshrined at Owari through the hands of Yamato Takeru, was told to give a reasonable explanation.
Japanese: そして最終的に熱田神宮での祭祀が決まったために、その合理的な説明として、伊勢神宮からヤマトタケルの手を経て、尾張に剣が置かれることが語られたといえよう。
English: In addition to that, according to a legend of the Kusanagi-jinja Shrine, which worships Yamato Takeru, 'Although he subdued the eastern regions, he passed away at Nobono in Ise on his way back to the capital.
Japanese: なお、ヤマトタケルを祭祀する草薙神社社伝によると、「尊は東国を平定したが、都に帰る途中伊勢の能褒野（のぼの）で没した。
English: Thus, the father, Emperor Keiko, grieved over it and made an imperial visit to the eastern regions to see what his son had achieved.
Japanese: そのため、お父様の景行天皇がお嘆き遊ばされ、尊の手柄をご覧なさるため東国に行幸された。
English: It is said that the emperor worshiped his son, changed the name of 'Murakumo,' a memento of him, built the 'Kusanagi-jinja Shrine' and put 'the Kusanagi sword' in it.
Japanese: 尊を奉祀し、尊の遺品「村雲」を改め「草薙神社」を建立し「草薙の剣」を納めたという。
English: Later, by an Imperial order, 'the Kusanagi sword' was enshrined at the present Atsuta-jingu Shrine in 686.
Japanese: その後「草薙の剣」は第四十代天武天皇の朱鳥元年に勅命により現在の熱田神宮に奉祀された。」とある。
English: As Iwao YOSHII once pointed out, the tale of Yamato Takeru has the feature that the name of the main character changes as the scenes change.
Japanese: ヤマトタケルの物語は、かつて吉井巌が指摘したように、主人公の名前が各場面によって変わるのが特徴である。
English: It tells us that various clans and the needs of the times were involved in the formation of the character and the anecdotes.
Japanese: その人物や説話の形成には様々な氏族や時代の要請が関わっていたことが伺える。
English: One of his wives is Futaji Hime of Yasu, and her son is Ina Yori Wake no Miko, who is an ancestor of the Takerube clan and Inukami clan.
Japanese: 妃に野洲の布多遅比売がおり、その子は稲依別王で建部氏や犬上氏の祖である。
English: These things show that Omi, present-day Shiga Prefecture, has close ties to Yamato Takeru.
Japanese: それらのこと…などから近江＝滋賀県がヤマトタケルとつながりが深いことがわかる。
English: Also considering that the fief of his brother Oousu no Mikoto is Mino, the legends of Omi seem to be about Ousu no Mikoto.
Japanese: 兄大碓命の封地が美濃である事と考え合わせると、近江の伝承は小碓命のものと思われる。
English: However, the story of a piece of rice cake, which is made using a mortar, turning into a white bird is seen in the "Yamashiro-koku Fudoki" (regional gazetteers of Yamashiro Province) and other records, and that implies some sort of a connection to a white bird.
Japanese: が、碓から生み出される餅が白鳥に変身する話が『山城国風土記』などに見られ、白鳥との関連も伺わせる。
English: Additionally, there is an anecdote that Yamato Takeru was transformed into a white bird at Mt. Ibuki in the "Muchimaro den" (The Life of Muchimaro), and another one that says he changed into one in Omi in the chapter about the sword in the "Heike Monogatari" ("The Tale of the Heike").
Japanese: 尚、『武智麻呂伝』にはヤマトタケルが伊吹山で、『平家物語』剣の巻には近江で白鳥となった説話が伝わっている。
English: There are a lot of Japanese fables such as Momotaro (the Peach Boy) and Issunboshi (the Inch-High Samurai) where evil characters are defeated by a child hero.
Japanese: 日本においては、桃太郎や一寸法師など童形の英雄によって悪の征伐がなされるという説話が多く見られる。
English: Also, in analysis of these things, Shinobu ORIKUCHI has pointed out the existence of a 'madam,' who raises a kind of child-spirit model.
Japanese: また折口信夫はそれらの分析を通じて、幼童神的モデルを育てる「小母（おば）」の存在を指摘している。
English: In addition, about Yamato Takeru's dressing himself in female clothing despite being a boy, it has been pointed out that this has something in common with the wearing of the opposite sex's clothes seen in the shamanism of various culture areas.
Japanese: また、少年であるヤマトタケルが女装する点に関し、様々な文化圏のシャーマニズムにおいて散見される異性装と相通じるものと指摘される。
English: They are recorded as Yamato Takeru no Sumeramikoto (倭武天皇, Emperor Yamato Takeru) and Tachibana no Okisaki (橘皇后, Empress Tachibana) or O Tachibana Hime (大橘姫) in records such as the "Hitachi no kuni fudoki" (the topography of Hitachi Province), and various kinds of anecdotes explaining the origins of place names have survived.
Japanese: 『常陸国風土記』等には倭武天皇－橘皇后、大橘姫など表現されており、各種の地名起源説話が伝わっている。
English: It is thought that they are legends that have taken deep root in the Kanto area because even now there remains a lot of anecdotes about place names such as in Chiba Prefecture.
Japanese: 現在でも千葉県などに地名説話が多く残っているのは、関東にかなり根を下ろした伝承であったからと考えられる。