nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, the building at the time of the incident was burned down during the Battle in Toba-Fushimi; in fact, the current building in 263 Minamihama-cho, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City was built to the west of the Teradaya of the incident (the current building was registered in 1905).
Japanese: しかし、これらの事件当時の建物は鳥羽・伏見の戦いの兵火で焼失しており、現在の京都市伏見区南浜町263番地にある建物は当時の敷地の西隣に建てられたものである（明治38年（1905年）に登記されている）。
English: The monument 'Satsu Han Kyuresshi Isekishi' (memorial site for nine bushi of the Satsuma domain) built to the west of the current building carries the inscription 'the site of the Teradaya' in the fifth line from the end of the inscription (rubbed copy).
Japanese: 現在の建物の東隣に建っている石碑「薩藩九烈士遺蹟志」の碑文（拓本）本文後ろから5行目に「寺田屋遺址」とある。
English: Since the space of the bathroom was added to the new building and registered in 1908, it can not be the same one as the time of the incident (Ryo had passed away two years before).
Japanese: 特に湯殿がある部分は明治41年（1908年）に増築登記されたもので、当時のものではあり得ない（お龍はその2年前に病没）。
English: The premises of the building at that time correspond to the area (262 Minamihama-cho, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) to the east of the current building, which includes a monument and a stone statue, serving as a garden for the current Teradaya; the ground was donated to Fushimi Ward, Kii District at that time in 1914 by the landowner (who is not related to the owner of the current Teraedaya), and after municipal mergers, it is presently owned by Kyoto City.
Japanese: 当時の建物の敷地は現在の建物の東隣にある、石碑や像などが建っていて寺田屋の庭のようになっている場所（京都市伏見区南浜町262番地）であるが、この土地は大正3年（1914年）に所有者（寺田屋主人とは血縁関係にない）から当時の京都府紀伊郡伏見区に寄付され、市町村合併を経て現在は京都市の市有地である。
English: The Battle of Tatarahama was a battle in 1336 during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 多々良浜の戦い（たたらはまのたたかい）は、南北朝時代(日本)の1336年（建武(日本)3年）に行われた合戦である。
English: At the battle of Hakone-Takenoshita, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was defecting from the Kemmu Restoration by Emperor Godaigo, defeated Yoshisada NITTA who had been ordered to crush Takauji by the Kemmu government; then, Takauji chased Nitta's forces trying to capture Kyoto, but in 1336, he was defeated in and around Kyoto by the Imperial forces which had contact with Masashige KUSUNOKI and Akiie KITABATAKE; he escaped to the west, towards Kyushu, by ship to renew his forces, helped by Norimura AKAMATU (Enshin) of Harima Province on the way.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇の建武の新政から離反した足利尊氏は、建武政権から尊氏追討を命じられた新田義貞を箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで破り、さらに新田軍を追撃して京都の確保を図るが、1336年、楠木正成や北畠顕家らと連絡した宮方勢に京都とその近辺で敗れ海路西走し、途中播磨国の赤松則村（円心）らに助けられ、再興を賭けて九州地方に下る。
English: On the other hand, a large number of powerful clans in Kyushu, including Taketoshi KIKUCHI, of Higo Province who had been on the Imperial side, Tanemichi AKIZUKI of Chikuzen Province, Korenao ASO of Higo Province, Takehisa KAMACHI and Ieyoshi HOSHINO of Chikugo Province, all sided with the Imperial side, resulting in a force of over 20,000 cavalry.
Japanese: 一方、宮方に味方した肥後国の菊池武敏をはじめ、筑前国の秋月種道、肥後国の阿蘇惟直、筑後国の蒲池武久、星野家能など、九州の諸豪族の大半は宮方に味方し、その軍勢は2万騎以上まで膨れ上がる。
English: Gaining momentum, the Imperial forces (the Southern Court side, or Yoshino Imperial court) advanced to attack Hakata, and captured Dazaifu, the headquarters of the Shoni clan, forcing Sadatsune SHONI to commit suicide.
Japanese: 勢いを増した宮方(南朝方)の軍勢は博多を攻め、少弐氏の本拠大宰府を襲撃して陥落させ、少弐貞経を自害させる。
English: With support from Ujinori MUNAKATA, based in Munakata, Chikuzen Province (the present-day area around Munakata City in Fukuoka Prefecture), the Ashikaga side prayed for victory at the Munakata-taisha Shrine, and with only 2,000 cavalry, fought the Imperial forces led by the Kikuchi clan who set up camp in Tatarahama, Chikuzen Province (Higashi Ward, Fukuoka City).
Japanese: 足利勢は、筑前国宗像（現在の福岡県宗像市周辺）を本拠とする宗像氏範らの支援を受けて宗像大社に戦勝を祈願し、筑前国の多々良浜（福岡市東区(福岡市)）に布陣した菊池氏率いる宮方と戦うが、足利軍は約2千騎に過ぎなかった。
English: At first Kikuchi's forces on the Imperial side were superior because the Ashikaga forces were greatly outnumbered and the military equipment obtained by Sadatsune SHONI was destroyed by fire during the attack of Dazaifu; the situation, however, was reversed due to betrayal by many warriors in Kikuchi's forces: leading Kikuchi's forces to collapse and flee, and in the meantime, Korenao ASO died in battle.
Japanese: 兵力の差は歴然で、少弐貞経が足利軍のために調達した装備は菊池軍の大宰府攻撃の際に焼失していたため、当初は宮方の菊池軍が優勢であったが、菊池軍に大量の裏切りが出たため戦況は逆転し、菊池軍は総崩れで敗走し、阿蘇惟直は戦死する。
English: One reason for the betrayal by many warriors was that even though Kikuchi's side led a large force allied with almost all the powerful clans in Kyushu, most of them regarded the Southern Court side as superior and sided with Taketoshi KIKUCHI.
Japanese: 多数の裏切りを出した背景には、九州の諸豪族を軒並み味方につけて大軍を組織してはいても、その大半は南朝方有利の情勢を見て是非なく菊池武敏に味方した者であったという事実が存在する。
English: Korenao ASO was the only one clearly on the side of the Southern Court while the other warriors were opportunistic or on the side of Takauji.
Japanese: 確かな南朝方と呼べるのは阿蘇惟直ぐらいで、その他のほとんどはもともと日和見、もしくはむしろ尊氏よりの武将達であった。
English: Additionally, Takauji's constant, proactive tactics even in a devastating situation played a major role in bringing about the betrayal of those who once sided with the Southern Court side.
Japanese: また、圧倒的に不利な状況であっても終始積極的な戦法を取り、一度南朝方に付いた者の寝返りを誘った尊氏の戦略も見逃せない。
English: As a result of this battle, almost all the areas in Kyushu allied with the Ashikaga side, and Takauji succeeded in renewing his forces.
Japanese: この戦いの結果により九州のほぼ全域が足利方につくこととなり、尊氏は体勢を整え直した。
English: Takauji advanced on Kyoto again, leaving Noriuji ISSHIKI and Yoshinaga NIKI behind to protect Kyushu, and defeated Yoshisada NITTA in the Battle of Minatogawa in Settsu Province.
Japanese: 尊氏は一色範氏や仁木義長などを九州の抑えとして残して再び上洛し、摂津国湊川の戦いで新田義貞を破る。
English: However, after the battle, Takauji ASHIKAGA established the Muromachi Shogunate as the central government, but the Kikuchi clan continued to resist stubbornly as the Southern Court side; furthermore, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, an Imperial prince of Emperor Godaigo, along with Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA of Iyo Province landed in Kyushu to fight the Shogunate side, and the Southern Court side led by Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi in the anti-western forces posts dominated Kyushu for a while.
Japanese: しかし、この戦いの後に中央で足利尊氏が室町幕府を開いた後も菊池氏は南朝方として頑強に抵抗を続け、さらに南朝の後醍醐天皇の皇子である懐良親王が伊予国の宇都宮貞泰と共に九州に上陸して幕府勢力と戦い、一時期九州は懐良親王率いる征西軍府の南朝方が圧倒的優位の地となる。
English: When Takauji's illegitimate child, Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA who revolted against the Shogunate in the Kanno Disturbance entered Kyushu, it was divided among the three equal powers of the Southern Court, Takauji (the Shogunate) and Tadafuyu.
Japanese: のち、観応の擾乱で幕府に反抗した尊氏の庶子足利直冬が九州に来ると、九州は南朝・尊氏(幕府)・直冬の3勢力が鼎立することとなる。
English: Mibu Roshi, or Seichu Roshi, is a predecessor of the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 壬生浪士（みぶろうし）あるいは精忠浪士(せいちゅうろうし)は、新選組の前身集団。
English: Hachiro KIYOKAWA led a group of roshi (masterless samurai) to Kyoto, and when Kiyokawa 's group returned to Tokyo, 24 members remained in Kyoto to organize Mibu Roshi group in 1863.
Japanese: 文久三年（1863年）清河八郎が京へ率いた浪士組が東帰した後も、京（現在の京都府京都市）に残った24名で構成。
English: Before they formed the Shinsengumi, these roshi were made fun of as 'Miboro (meaning raggedy clothes)' because of the poor state of their appearance.
Japanese: 新選組となる以前の壬生浪士たちは身なりの貧しさから、「みぼろ」（壬生浪＝みぶろ・みぶろう）と一部の京の人たちに揶揄されていた。
English: Matasaburo SAEKI: Killed August 10, 1863 by Serizawa as a spy from Choshu
Japanese: 佐伯又三郎：1863年8月10日、長州の間者として芹沢に殺害される。
English: Heisuke TODO: Died November 18, 1867 in an attack from the Kondo group at Aburanokoji
Japanese: 藤堂平助：1867年11月18日、油小路で近藤らに襲撃を受け、討死。
English: Tsuguo IESATO: Forced to commit seppuku on April 24, 1863 by the Seirizawa and Kondo groups in Osaka while on guard duty for the Shogun.
Japanese: 家里次郎：1863年4月24日に将軍警護の旅先の大阪で、芹沢、近藤一派らに、切腹を強要され切腹。
English: Katsuji KAWASHIMA (Shinsengumi): In 1866, calling himself a member of Shinsengumi even after he was discharged from the group, he stole money and was forced to commit seppuku
Japanese: 川島勝司(新撰組)……1866年、除隊後に新選組だと名乗り、金銭を騙し取った末、切腹させられる。
English: Hayataro ANDO: Died July 22, 1864 from illness caused by injury he received in the Ikedaya Incident
Japanese: 安藤早太郎……1864年7月22日、池田屋事変で負った傷がもとで病死。
English: Susumu YAMAZAKI: Died January 13 1868 on board the ship going to Edo, from an injury received in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi
Japanese: 山崎烝……1868年1月13日、鳥羽・伏見の戦いの傷により、江戸に向かう船内で死去。
English: Kisaburo KAWAI: Committed seppuku on February 12, 1866 after losing the group's money
Japanese: 河合耆三郎……1866年2月12日、隊内の金銭を無くしてしまい、切腹。
English: Hyogo SAKAI: After the Ikedaya Incident in 1864, deserted the group in about July 1865, and was killed
Japanese: 酒井兵庫……1864年の池田屋事変以降、1865年7月頃に脱走し、斬殺。
English: Kazue MATSUNAGA: on September 26, 1863, he was revealed as a spy from Choshu and escaped
Japanese: 松永主計……1863年9月26日、長州の間者であった事が露見し、脱走。
English: Kojuro KUSUNOKI: on September 26, 1864, he was revealed as a spy from Choshu and killed by Harada
Japanese: 楠小十郎……1864年9月26日、長州の間者であった事が露見し、原田に殺害される。
English: Saburo MAGOSHI: Before the Ikedaya Incident, he claimed to Hijikata that Kanryusai TAKEDA had attempted to approach him sexually and left the group
Japanese: 馬越三郎……池田屋事変以前に、武田観柳斎の男色に困り、土方に訴え、脱退。
English: Isetake MIKURA: on September 26, 1863, he was revealed as a spy from Choshu and was killed by Saito
Japanese: 御倉伊勢武……1863年9月26日、長州の間者であった事が露見し、斎藤に殺害される。
English: Samanosuke ARAKIDA: on September 26, 1863, he was revealed as a spy from Choshu and killed by Nagakura
Japanese: 荒木田左馬之助……1863年9月26日、長州の間者であった事が露見し、永倉に殺害される。
English: The Battle of Toba-Fushimi from January 27 to 30, 1868 was the beginning of the Boshin War, and was fought in Kamitoba (Minami Ward, Kyoto City) on the outskirts of southern Kyoto, Shimotoba, Takeda, and Fushimi (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 鳥羽・伏見の戦い（とば・ふしみのたたかい,慶応4年1月3日(旧暦)-1月6日(旧暦)（1868年1月27日-1月30日））は、戊辰戦争の緒戦にあたり、京都南郊の上鳥羽（京都市南区(京都市)）、下鳥羽、竹田、伏見（京都市伏見区）で行われた戦いである。
English: At the end of 1867, jikan-nochi (resignation from the government post and retrocession of the domain) was ordered against Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the former Tokugawa Shogunate family, who had retreated to Osaka due to the restoration of Imperial rule (in Japan), was initiated by Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma domain and the court noble, Tomomi IWAKURA.
Japanese: 慶応3年末、薩摩藩の大久保利通や公家の岩倉具視らの働きで発せられた王政復古(日本)により、大阪に退いていた前徳川将軍家・徳川慶喜に対し辞官納地が命ぜられた。
English: When the Satsuma domain was engaged provocatively in subversive activities (the Incident of setting fire to the residence in Edo of domain of Satsuma, inflicted by the Shonai domain) in the urban area of Edo, the surroundings of Yoshinobu increasingly voiced the desire to defeat the Satsuma domain and accordingly, Yoshinobu attempted to establish a military blockade of Kyoto.
Japanese: さらに薩摩藩が江戸市街で挑発的な破壊工作を行う（庄内藩の江戸薩摩藩邸焼き討ち事件）と、慶喜の周囲では「討薩」を望む声が高まり、慶喜は軍事的な京の封鎖を試みた。
English: The Shogunate infantry, the main force of the former Shogunate forces, advanced on the Toba-kaido Highway, while the Shinsengumi and the soldiers of the Aizu and Kuwana domains advanced to the urban area of Fushimi.
Japanese: 旧幕府軍主力の幕府歩兵隊は鳥羽街道を進み、会津藩、桑名藩の藩兵、新選組などは伏見市街へ進んだ。
English: In the afternoon of January 27, 1868, a quarrel between the inspector general, Tomoaki TAKIGAWA and the soldiers of the Satsuma domain blocking the highway near Shimotoba resulted in a battle, and as soon as gunfire in Toba was heard, the battle in Fushimi began.
Japanese: 慶応4年正月3日（1868年1月27日）の夕方に、下鳥羽付近で街道を封鎖する薩摩藩兵と大目付の滝川具挙の問答から軍事的衝突が起こり、鳥羽での銃声が聞こえると伏見でも衝突、戦端が開かれた。
English: In Toba (the suburbs of Kyoto), the absence of the supreme commander Shigekata TAKENAKA and the escape of Tomoaki TAKIGAWA threw the former Shogunate forces into disarray, and near the magistrate's office in Fushimi, the former Shogunate infantry led by the commanding officers, Nobuhisa SAKUMA and Shigeaki KUBOTA, the soldiers of the Aizu domain, and the Shinsengumi led by Toshizo HIJIKATA, were defeated by the firepower of the rifles in the new government's forces.
Japanese: 鳥羽_(洛外)では総指揮官の竹中重固の不在や滝川具挙の逃亡などで混乱し、伏見では奉行所付近で佐久間信久や窪田鎮章ら幕将の率いる幕府歩兵隊、会津藩兵、土方歳三率いる新選組の兵が新政府軍の小銃火力に敗れた。
English: On January 29, the Shogunate forces, which were refused entry to the castle of the Yodo domain (see below), set up camp in Yodo-Senryomatsu, but were severely defeated.
Japanese: 5日、淀藩への入城を拒絶された（下記参照）幕府軍は淀千両松に布陣するも惨敗。
English: Incidentally, Genzaburo INOUE, a ranking officer of the Shinsengumi since its foundation, was killed during the intense battle.
Japanese: なお、この戦闘の最中、新選組結成時からの主要幹部隊士の一人であった井上源三郎が戦死する。
English: The Shogunate forces were routed repeatedly, but, finally, they were to fight the final, decisive battle fought at two positions: to the east and west of Mt. Otoko-yama in which the Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine was located.
Japanese: 幕府軍は敗走に次ぐ敗走の末、石清水八幡宮の鎮座する男山の東西に分かれて最後の決戦に挑む。
English: The main units of the Shogunate forces, including the main force of the Shinsengumi led by Toshizo HIJIKATA, set up camp in Hashimoto, a posting station with a red-light district, to the west of the mountain.
Japanese: 西側の橋本は遊郭のある宿場で、そこには土方歳三率いる新撰組の主力などを擁する幕府軍の本隊が陣を張った。
English: In Hashimoto, where Mt. Otoko-yama lay to the east and the Yodo-gawa River to the west, the Shogunate forces had a geographical advantage against counter attacks.
Japanese: 東に男山、西に淀川を控えた橋本では、地の利は迎え撃つ幕府軍にあった。
English: However, betrayed by the Tsu domain guarding Oyamazaki across the river (see below) and consequently subjected to unexpected heavy fire from the west, the Shogunate forces collapsed and fled to Osaka down the Yodo-gawa River.
Japanese: しかし、対岸の大山崎を守護する津藩の裏切り（下記参照）に遭い、思いもかけない西側からの集中砲火を喰らった幕府軍は総崩れとなり、淀川を下って大坂へと逃れた。
English: During the battle Tadasaburo SASAKI, the head of the Kyoto-Mimawarigumi (a special police force), was badly wounded (and later died); Susumu YAMAZAKI, an internal affairs officer and secret agent of the Shinsengumi, was badly wounded (and later died off the coast of Kishu Bay); and Kanichiro YOSHIMURA, who had the same position as Yamazaki, went missing (and later killed himself in the Nanbu domain residence in Osaka).
Japanese: この戦いで、京都見廻組の長であった佐々木只三郎が重傷（のち死亡）、新撰組諸士調役兼監察山崎烝が重傷（後紀州湾沖にて死亡）、同吉村貫一郎が行方不明（後に大坂の南部藩藩邸で自害）となった。
English: The former Shogunate forces requested the lord of the Yodo domain (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Masakuni INABA (a close aide to Yoshinobu and an incumbent senior councilor) to open Yodo Castle to them so they could regroup their forces.
Japanese: 旧幕府軍は淀藩主（京都市伏見区）稲葉正邦（慶喜の側近の一人で現職の老中）を頼って、淀城に入り建て直しをはかろうとした。
English: The Yodo domain, however, did not want to fight the new government's forces, and secured the castle gate, refusing the former Shogunate forces entry to the castle.
Japanese: しかし淀藩は新政府と戦う意思がなく、城門を固く閉じ旧幕府軍の入城を拒んだ。
English: As a result, the former Shogunate forces of 15,000 soldiers were defeated by the new government's forces of only 5,000 soldiers early in the battle.
Japanese: このため旧幕府方は15,000人の兵力を擁しながら緒戦にして5,000人の新政府軍に敗れた。
English: The battle continued on the following day (January 28), and on January 29, Emperor Meiji granted the Imperial standard to Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito (some believe Tomomi IWAKURA forged it); consequently, the new government's forces became the Imperial forces.
Japanese: 翌4日も戦闘が続き、5日になると明治天皇が小松宮彰仁親王に錦の御旗を与え（岩倉具視が偽造したという説もある）、新政府軍が官軍となる。
English: For this reason, several domains such as the opportunistic Tottori domain and the soldiers of the Tsu domain (the spearhead of the former Shogunate forces) in Yamazaki sided with the new government's forces.
Japanese: これにより日和見を決めていた鳥取藩、山崎にいた津藩兵（旧幕府軍先鋒）などの諸藩が新政府軍に付いた。
English: Yoshinobu, who is said to have not actively supported starting a war, stayed at Osaka Castle when the defeat of the former Shogunate forces was imminent and he was informed of the issuing of the punitive order against him on February 7; that night Yoshinobu secretly escaped from the castle and retreated to Edo on the Shogunate warship Kaiyo Maru on February 8, which had been anchored at Osaka Bay, along with a few of his close aides as well as Katsukiyo ITAKURA (a senior councilor), Tadato SAKAI (a senior councilor), Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu domain) and Sadaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana domain).
Japanese: 8日、開戦に積極的で無かったとされる慶喜は大坂城におり、旧幕府軍の敗戦が決定的となり、7日には慶喜に対して追討令が出た報を聞くと、その夜僅かな側近及び老中・板倉勝静、同・酒井忠惇、会津藩主・松平容保・桑名藩主・松平定敬と共に密かに城を脱し、大阪湾に停泊中の幕府軍艦・開陽丸で江戸に退却した。
English: The former Shogunate forces were completely defeated due to the retreat of the Commander in Chief of the former Tokugawa Shogunate, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the strong artillery of the new government's forces, and the abandonment of the former Shogunate forces by an increasing number of domains due to the superiority of the new government's forces.
Japanese: 旧幕府軍の総大将の徳川慶喜の撤退と、新政府軍の砲兵力、新政府軍の優勢により多くの藩が旧幕府軍を見限ったことで、旧幕府軍の全面敗北となった。
English: Afterwards, the staging of the Boshin War led to the Ueno War in the urban area of Edo, the Hokuetsu War in the Hokuriku and Tohoku regions, the Aizu War, and then the Hakodate War.
Japanese: 以後、戊辰戦争の舞台は江戸市街での上野戦争や、北陸地方、東北地方での北越戦争、会津戦争、箱館戦争として続く。
English: The existing building itself was not created in the Edo period (see the section on the Teradaya Incident).
Japanese: 現存する建物自体は江戸時代のものではない（寺田屋事件の項目を参照）。
English: In front of the main gate there is a monument inscribed with 'The monument for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War,' and on the grounds there is a monument inscribed with 'The graveyard for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War.'
Japanese: 正門前に「戊辰役東軍戦死者之碑」、敷地内に「戊辰役東軍戦死者埋骨地」を残す。
English: The Inaba family, which was trusted by Tokugawa, set up a camp as a strategic point on the waterway where the three rivers of Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system), Yodo-gawa River and Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) met.
Japanese: 桂川(淀川水系)・淀川・木津川(京都府)の三川が合流する水路の要所として、徳川の信任厚い稲葉家が陣取った。
English: In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the castellan Masakuni INABA and some other people refused the request of the Shogunate forces to allow them entry the castle since they had decided to side with the new government.
Japanese: 鳥羽・伏見の戦いに際しては、城主稲葉正邦らが新政府に対する恭順を決め込んだため、幕府軍の入城要請を拒絶した。
English: On the grounds of the temple remain the monuments 'The site of bullet holes in the historic site of Yodo Castle in the Boshin War,' and 'The monument for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War,' and inside the main building there is the 'memorial tablet for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces.'
Japanese: 境内に「史跡淀古城戊辰役砲弾貫通跡」の碑と「戊辰役東軍戦死者之碑」、本堂に「東軍戦死者の位牌」を残す。
English: The monument for the burial and the memorial monument voluntarily created still remain, and the surface of the stone is inscribed as follows:
Japanese: 埋骨の碑と有志による慰霊碑があり、碑面には以下の文面が記されている。
English: The Shogunate forces and the Imperial forces each believed in themselves, and swore allegiance to their respective causes.
Japanese: 幕軍・官軍のいずれもが正しいと信じたるままそれぞれの道へと己等の誠を尽した
English: Thus, their destiny led them to become either members of the Imperial forces or the Shogunate forces, and to die for the samurai code.
Japanese: 然るに流れ行く一瞬の時差により或るは官軍となり又或るは幕軍となって士道に殉じたので有ります
English: So we build this memorial monument on this site for the proud people who unfortunately passed away with the stigma of being enemies of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 其の縁り有る此の地に不幸賊名に斃れたる誇り有る人々に対し今慰霊碑の建つるを見る
English: The Tokusei uprising during the Kakitsu era was a peasant uprising to demand Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts) and occurred in Kyoto and its surroundings such as the Omi Province in 1441(the first year of the Kakitsu era).
Japanese: 嘉吉の徳政一揆（かきつのとくせいいっき）は、嘉吉元年（1441年）に徳政令を求めて京都及び近江国など周辺地域で発生した土一揆のこと。
English: In the political turmoil after the assassination of Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA in the Kakitsu War, the farming population lead by bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in Omi Sakamoto in Kyoto rose up in rebellion to demand 'daihajime-no-tokusei (acts of virtuous government requested at shogun replacement)' (Tenkaichido no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order for all throughout the country)), which was directed by jizamurai (local samurai) and lead to an uprising by tens of thousands of people.
Japanese: 六月の嘉吉の乱で将軍足利義教が殺されると政治的混乱の中「代初めの徳政」を求めて（天下一同の徳政令）京都近江坂本の馬借を中心に農民が蜂起、地侍が指導し、数万人の一揆にふくれあがった。
English: Enryaku-ji Temple opposed the promulgation of Tokuseirei, causing bashaku in Omi ruled by Enryaku-ji Temple to break away from the uprising, even turning against it as the uprising further occupied Kiyomizu-dera Temple.
Japanese: 延暦寺が徳政令に反対した事から同支配下の近江の馬借が一揆から離反・敵対するも、一揆は更に清水寺占拠。
English: Under the direction of the jizamurai, order was brought to the uprising forces, while robberies were monitored.
Japanese: 一揆勢は地侍の指導の下、組織的な行動をとり、勝手な略奪を取り締まった。
English: From the shogunate which set out to settle the situation by spreading Tokuseirei exclusively for the farming population, the uprisers demanded that Tokuseirei be issued throughout the country including the court nobles and samurai in order to obtain support from the ruling classes.
Japanese: また幕府が当初、農民に限定した徳政令を発布して事態の収拾に乗り出したのに対し、公家や武家も含む一国平均の徳政令を要求し、支配者層の支持をも得ようとしている。
English: Besides, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) who had learned that kanrei (shogunal deputy) Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA ordered that troops be dispatched to protect the doso in exchange for 1,000 kan bribe from the doso, blocked the dispatch of the troops.
Japanese: さらに、管領細川持之が土倉から賄賂一千貫を貰って保護の為に、出兵命令を出したという事実を知った守護大名は出兵を拒否。
English: The new shogun Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA accepted the demand and issued Tokuseirei throughout the Yamashiro Province which ordered the return of things that had been pawned no more than 20 years prior (Order for the Acts of Virtuous Government in Kakitsu era).
Japanese: 新将軍足利義勝は要求を受け入れ、差し押さえられてから20年未満の質物の返還など、山城一国平均での徳政令を発布（嘉吉の徳政令）。
English: The Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which had not issued official Tokuseirei against the peasant uprising of the Shocho era was forced to issue Tokuseirei this time, which significantly damaged the prestige of the government.
Japanese: 正長の土一揆では遂に公式な徳政令を出さなかった室町幕府が徳政令を出したことにより、その権威は大きく傷ついた。
English: The Heiji Rebellion (Heiji no ran), which began on January 19, 1159 in Heian period, was a coup d'etat that occurred because of antagonism among the close vassals of the retired emperor.
Japanese: 平治の乱（へいじのらん）は平安時代の平治元年12月9日(旧暦)（1159年1月19日）より発生した、院の近臣らの対立により起きた政変である。
English: Note: all subsequent years given are according to the Julian calendar, while except for a few dates also given according to the Western calendar, all months and days are given under the Japanese calendar--specifically, the long version of the (originally Chinese) Senmyoreki calendar.
Japanese: 文中の（）の年はユリウス暦、月日は西暦部分を除き全て和暦、宣明暦の長暦による。
English: Emperor Goshirakawa, who had emerged victorious from the Hogen Rebellion that occurred in 1156, proclaimed the creation of a new government, called the "Hogen shinsei" (new government of Hogen), in the intercalary ninth month of 1156 as part of the switch to a new era name, Hogen.
Japanese: 保元元年（1156年）の保元の乱に勝利した後白河天皇は、同年閏9月に『保元新制』と呼ばれる代替わり新制を発令した。
English: Forcefully proclaiming a renewed monarchic ideology with these words, the new government began land reform that was substantively concerned with the Shoen seirirei, their order to reform the shoen (private estate) system of land ownership.
Japanese: 」と王土思想を強く宣言したこの新制は、荘園整理令を主たる内容としていた。
English: It was under the administration of Retired Emperor Toba that many of the shoen took shape throughout the country, and disputes quickly started to spring up all over the place concerning the carrying out of state business vis-à-vis the shoen.
Japanese: 鳥羽院政期は全国に多くの荘園が形成され、各地で国務の遂行をめぐって紛争が起きていた。
English: This Shoen seirirei (order to reform the shoen system) sought to end the chaos that had begun during Emperor Toba's time; it was intended to bring all the shoen and kokugaryo (public territories) under the Emperor's direct rule, and the new system it introduced is considered to have generated significant momentum towards the establishment of the Shoen koryosei (shoen and duchy system).
Japanese: この荘園整理令はその混乱を収拾して、全国の荘園・国衙領を天皇の統治下に置くことを意図したものであり、荘園公領制の成立への大きな契機となった新制と評価されている。
English: The architect and driving force of these political reforms was Goshirakawa's right-hand man, FUJIWARA no Michinori (generally known as Shinzei).
Japanese: その国政改革を立案・推進したのが、後白河の側近である藤原通憲（信西）であった。