nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He wrote a mathematical treatise called "Hatsubi sanpo" in 1674, and invented a notation system for algebra (which was called Tensan jutsu) to allow computations on paper, and laid the foundations on which more advanced discoveries in the field of Japanese mathematics could later be reached.
Japanese: 延宝2年（1674年）、『発微算法』を著し、筆算による代数の計算法（点竄術、てんざんじゅつ）を発明して、和算が高等数学として発展するための基礎をつくった。
English: It is widely known that he introduced the general concept of determinants and resultants before anyone in Europe.
Japanese: 行列式や終結式の概念をヨーロッパより早い時期に提案したことはよく知られる。
English: Seki also used a polygon with 131, 072 sides to calculate the value of Pi (3.14159...) to the eleventh decimal place.
Japanese: また、関は正131072角形を使い、円周率を小数第11位まで算出した。
English: He employed (what is now known as) Aitken's delta-squared acceleration process in his calculation of Pi, thought to be the earliest use of this series acceleration method (the modern method was introduced by Aitken in 1926).
Japanese: 本計算ではエイトケン加速を用いており、世界的にみても数値的加速法のもっとも早い適用例の一つである（エイトケンによる導入は1926年）。
English: It is also well known that Seki actually discovered Bernoulli numbers before Jakob BERNOULLI did.
Japanese: ヤコブ・ベルヌーイに先駆けてベルヌーイ数を発見していたことも知られている。
English: But because he was deified after he died, it is no easy task to separate his own personal achievements from those of his disciples, there being a shortage of records.
Japanese: ただし、死後神格化されてしまったため、関個人の業績と弟子のそれを区別して特定することは、資料の不足もあって容易ではない。
English: After Seki died, his school of thought (called the "Seki school") remarkably expanded, and after Nushizumi YAMAJI assumed the leadership of the school, the Seki school organized a license system and came to dominate the world of Japanese mathematics.
Japanese: 関の死後、その学統（関流）は目覚ましく発展し、山路主住に至り免許制度などを整え、和算の圧倒的な中心勢力になる。
English: Beginning in the Meiji period, even after Japanese mathematics was replaced by Western mathematics, Seki continued to be honored as a hero in the history of math in Japan.
Japanese: 明治以後、和算が西洋数学にとって代わられた後も、日本数学史上の英雄的人物とされた。
English: It is widely recognized that he came very close to discovering differential and integral calculus, just before it was introduced by Issac NEWTON and Gottfried LEIBNIZ.
Japanese: アイザック・ニュートン・ゴットフリート・ライプニッツより少し前に、微分・積分の「一歩手前」までたどり着いたことは世界的にも評価されている。
English: Seki's two greatest achievements were his improvement of the traditional algebra system (Tengen jutsu) that had originated in China and his creation of the Tensan jutsu (Bosho-ho).
Japanese: 関の最大の業績は、中国伝来の代数（天元術）を革新して点竄術（傍書法）を確立したことである。
English: He contributed to the field with his improvements in the notation system and through his advancement of mathematical theory; his work was later used as the foundation on which later, more advanced developments in Japanese mathematics were based.
Japanese: これは記号法の改良と理論の前進の双方をふくみ、後に和算で高度な数学が展開するための基礎を提供することになる。
English: In "The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art," which was written in the early ancient period (before the first century A.D.), four arithmetic operations for negative numbers were developed, and the book generally succeeded in introducing pluralistic simultaneous linear equations based on the results of those operations; Gaussian elimination was also introduced.
Japanese: 早くも古代（後1世紀以前）に成立した『九章算術』では、負の数の四則演算を扱い、その成果に基づいて多元連立一次方程式を一般的に扱うことに成功し、ガウスの消去法を導入している。
English: High-powered equations with one unknown variable were introduced in the Tang Dynasty, and their use was greatly expanded during the Song, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties, and a method of numerical analysis (the Horner scheme, which was introduced by Horner in nineteenth century) of high-powered equations with one unknown variable for ordinary real numbers and coefficients was discovered.
Japanese: 唐のころから一元高次方程式を扱い始め、宋金元の時代に大いに発展し、一般の実数係数の一元高次方程式の数値的解法（ホーナー法、ホーナーによる提唱は19世紀）を見出した。
English: However, during the Ming dynasty the popularity of Tengen jutsu declined in China, and taken up entirely by Joseon-dynasty Korea.
Japanese: しかし、明代に入ると中国では天元術は衰え、専ら李氏朝鮮で継承されてゆく。
English: But beginning in the seventeenth century, Tengen jutsu was being enthusiastically studied by Kansai-area Japanese mathematicians like Seisu HASHIMOTO and Kazuyuki SAWAGUCHI.
Japanese: 日本では17世紀に入ってから、もっぱら京阪の和算家、橋本正数、沢口一之らによって熱心に研究された。
English: Sawaguchi's "Kokin sanpoki" (Calculation Methods in Ancient and Modern Times, completed in 1670) reveals a near-perfect understanding of the method of Tengen jutsu.
Japanese: 沢口一之の『古今算法記』（1670年、寛文10年）は天元術の学習がほぼ完了したことを示している。
English: This was because in Tengen jutsu, in lieu of written symbols, calculation rods were arranged in a certain order to represent calculations: for example, the order of (1 3 4) can express either a single polynomial 1+3x+4x^2 or the multivariable linear expression x+3y+4z.
Japanese: これは未知数を記号ではなく、算木を置く場所で表現しているからで、例えば（134）という配置は一変数多項式1+3x+4x^2または多変数の一次式x+3y+4zかのいずれかを表す。
English: (In Shuseiketsu's "Shigen gyokukan," he describes how it is possible to handle up to four variables by using a two-dimensional array, but it was not possible to expand the system any further than that.)
Japanese: （朱世傑著『四元玉鑑』では二次元の配列を用いて、最大4変数まで扱うことを可能にしているが、これ以上の一般化は不可能であった。）
English: Hence, any unknown variables after the first one had to be eliminated through a written proof before Tengen jutsu could be used.
Japanese: したがって、二つ目以降の未知数を文章による議論で消去して天元術を用いねばならなかった。
English: The above mentioned Kokin sanpo-ki has fifteen unresolved problems (遺題) which required a multivariable equation.
Japanese: 上述の『古今算法記』は巻末に15問の未解決問題（遺題）を提示したが、それらはまさに多変数の方程式を必要とするものであった。
English: Seki solved all these problems in his 1674 "Hatsubi sanpo."
Japanese: 関は『発微算法』（1674年、延宝2年）でそれらすべての「解」を与えた。
English: In it, Seki used the method of Tensan jutsu (Bosho-ho), in which a multivariable equation can be expressed by choosing symbols to represent any unknown variables after the first one.
Japanese: ここで用いられたのが点竄術（傍書法）で、二つ目以降の未知数を文字であらわすことで、多変数の方程式を表わした。
English: But in "Hatsubi sanpo" Seki only describes single-variable algebraic equations which can be worked out by erasing a variable (even giving some answers whose formulas were not given in detail), and the details of Tensan jutsu (Bosho-ho)'s role in the background were not given.
Japanese: ただし、『発微算法』は変数を消去して得られる一変数代数方程式が書かれているだけで（それすらも詳細を端折った回答もあった）、その背景にある点竄術（傍書法）は一切表に現れない。
English: For example, Yoshizane TANAKA's disciple, Ippei SAJI (dates unknown) argued that twelve roots out of fifteen were wrong (though in fact, most of SAJI's criticisms turned out to be off the mark).
Japanese: 例えば、田中由真の弟子、佐治一平（さじかずひら、生没年未詳）は15の回答のうち12は誤りである、と主張した（実際には、佐治の指摘のほとんどは的外れであった）。
English: Furthermore, in his 1679 "Sanpo meikai" (Clarifying Calculation Methods), Yoshizane TANAKA arrived at different roots than Seki by using a form of Tensan jutsu (Bosho-ho) which he had invented himself.
Japanese: さらに、田中由真は『算法明解』（1679）で関とは別の回答を関とは独立に発明した点竄術（傍書法）を用いて与えた。
English: His disciple, Katahiro TAKEBE then introduced Tensan-jutsu and details on how to solve it by using "Hatsubi-Sanpo Endan Genkai" (a mathematical book that shows the process of elimination using algebraic symbols and answers the unresolved problems left by Takakazu SEKI in the book Hatsubi-Sanpo) (1685), and he also corrected some mistakes (in some parts it was mentioned without annotation).
Japanese: そこで、弟子の建部賢弘が『発微算法演段諺解』（1685）で点竄術とそれを用いた解法の詳細を公開し、併せて若干の誤りを（場合によっては注記せずに）訂正している。
English: He also elucidated a general theory on elimination using resultants in his 1683 "Kaifukudai no ho."
Japanese: さらに進んで『解伏題之法』（天和(日本)3年（1683年））では、終結式を用いた消去の一般的な理論を示した。
English: But although Seki did produce the correct formula to arrive at a determinant in the form of 3X3 matrices and 4X4 matrices, he erred in his symbol for 5X5 matrices, in which the root always results in zero.
Japanese: ただ、ここで関は3次と4次については行列式の正しい表示を与えているが、五次については符号の誤りがあり、常に0になってしまう。
English: In "Taisei sankei" (written jointly by Kataakira TAKEBE and Katahiro TAKEBE), which was completed a few years later but before 1710, the general size of cofactor development regarding row 1 is written correctly.
Japanese: やや後の1710年以前に完成した『大成算経』（建部賢明、建部賢弘と共著）で、第一列についての余因子展開を一般のサイズについて、正しく与えている。
English: One can see similar solutions given in "Sanpo funkai" (a mathematical treatise that explains the resultant and applies it to several problems, written by Yoshizane TANAKA c. 1690) and in "Sanpo hakki" (a mathematical treatise that explains the resultant and Laplace's formula of determinant for nXn case, written by Tomotoki IZEKI of Osaka and published in 1690).
Japanese: 類似の結果は、田中由真の『算法紛解』（1690?）や、大阪の井関知辰の著書『算法発揮』（1690年刊）にも見られる。
English: Since neither "Kaifukudai no ho" nor "Taisei sankei" was published, both are thought to have been conducted individually.
Japanese: 『解伏題之法』も『大成算経』も公刊されていないので、これらの研究は独自になされたと思われる。
English: In later years, despite the existence of "Taisei sankei," some talented Japanese mathematicians who belonged to the Seki school continued to base their efforts to develop an accurate expansion formula on their corrections of "Kaifukudai no ho."
Japanese: また、『大成算経』の存在にもかかわらず、後の関流の有力な和算家達が『解伏題之法』を訂正して正しい展開式を得る研究を続けている。
English: Due to this line of research, it was found that such math problems could in principle be solved as long as they were changed into a plural algebraic equation.
Japanese: この一連の研究により、数学の問題は多元の代数方程式に表現できれば、原理的には解けることになった。
English: In other words, such problems can be simplified into single-variable equations by using elimination theory and then could be solved by numerically applying the Horner method.
Japanese: つまり、消去の一般論を用いて一元の方程式に帰着し、ホーナー法で数値的に解けばよいのである。
English: Traditionally since Chinese mathematics started, graphs can be solved automatically by converting it into algebra using the Pythagorean theorem, making it easy to practically solve problems across a practical, yet wide range.
Japanese: また、中国数学以来の伝統で、図形の問題はピタゴラスの定理などを用いて機械的に代数に落して処理することになっていたので、これで実に広範な問題が原理的には解けることになった。
English: But in reality, the abovementioned procedure would involve so many calculations that it is not considered practical.
Japanese: ただし、上記のプロセスを実際に実行するのは多くの場合、計算量がかかりすぎて現実的ではない。
English: In fact, this is the reason why "Hatsubi-Sanpo" sought to produce an equation instead of a numerical answer.
Japanese: 実際、『発微算法』で方程式のみを求めて数値解の計算に進まなかった理由はここにある。
English: In some problems, the final degree of the equation turned into a 1458X1458 matrix, so large it would not be practical even to write it down (regarding this issue, it was recently confirmed that in this method it is impossible to simplify the equation, and that there is only one real root.)
Japanese: ある問題については最終的に得られる方程式の次数が1458次にもなってしまい、方程式を具体的に書き下すことすらできなかった（この問題は最近になって、これより簡単な方程式が得られないこと、そしてただ一つの実数解をもつことが確かめられた）。
English: From that point on, the focus of Japanese mathematics shifted away from the problem of how to simplify simultaneous high-powered equations.
Japanese: しかし、以後、連立高次方程式に帰着されてしまう問題は、和算の中心的課題ではなくなった。
English: It was around 1683 when determinants were first introduced by Leibnitz, but his method is not considered as practical as that outlined in "Kaifukudai no ho."
Japanese: 行列式がライプニッツによって導入されたのは関と同じ1683年ころであるが、『解伏題之法』に比較しても一般性において劣る。
English: It was around the middle of the eighteenth century when the formula for general determinants and the theory of resultants were discovered.
Japanese: そして一般の行列式の公式や終結式の理論が発見されるのは18世紀の中ごろである。
English: Earlier, both Girolamo CARDANO in his Ars Magna (1580) and Hui YANG (of China, c.1238 - 1298) had used the same method of calculating determinants that Seki later used to find the root of pluralistic simultaneous linear equations with two unknown coefficients; Yang's findings were recorded in "Xiangjie Jiuzhang Suanfa" (a mathematical treatise in which Yang acknowledged that his method of finding square roots and cubic roots had been invented by another mathematician).
Japanese: 先立って、楊輝（中国、1238年?～1298年）は『詳解九章算術』で、ジェロラモ・カルダーノはArsMagna（1580）の中で数字係数の二元連立一次方程式の解を行列式と同様の計算式であたえている。
English: In Japanese mathematics, when it comes to reducing single variable equations, the real root is calculated; to accomplish this the qualitative properties (existence domain, repeated root, conclusion, 個数) of the real solution are solved, and to this end a practical algorithm has to be established.
Japanese: また、一元方程式に帰着した後、和算では数値解法で実数解を求めるのであるが、そのためには実数解の定性的性質（存在範囲、重解、個数）が解明され、効率的なアルゴリズムが確立されなけらばならない。
English: Seki suggested a method to omit high-level sections beyond a certain accuracy, to improve convergence according to the Horner scheme.
Japanese: 関は、ホーナー法の収束を改善するため、ある精度から先は高次の項を省略する方法を提案した。
English: This was a factor in the original equations and derivative polynomial having a common root, and it was an application of the previously mentioned elimination theory.
Japanese: これは、元の方程式とその導多項式が共通解をもつための条件にほかならず、先の消去の理論の応用である。
English: During the Battle of Sekigahara, he changed sides from West squad to East squad together with his father, and rendered distinguished service, however, after the war, he underwent Kaieki sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties).
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いでは、父とともに西軍から東軍に寝返り、戦功を挙げたが改易された。
English: After the forfeit, he went up to Kyoto and he became a successful money changer, naming himself Heizaemon YOROZUYA, and since the Kanbun era (1655-1672), he had grown up to be such a wealthy merchant that he took charge of jinya (regional government office).
Japanese: 改易後、京に出て萬屋平右衛門として両替商となり成功を収め、寛文年間以降は陣屋を預けられるほどの豪商となった。
English: Afterwards, his descendents were allowed to adopt a surname Ogawa, although they were belonging to the merchant class, and they expanded their business as purveyors of the daimyos (Japanese territorial lords) in the western region of Japan.
Japanese: のちに子孫は、町人であるが小川姓の苗字を名乗ることを許され、西国大名の御用達として活躍する。
English: (According to another theory, Yorozuya was from the Ogawa clan, the local ruling family in Ogawa-go, Yoshino Country, Yamato Province), there is also a theory which argues that he was also the son of Suketada, called Umanosuke, and he and Mitsuuji OGAWA were the same person.
Japanese: （他説に萬屋は大和国吉野郡小川郷の豪族の小川氏の出自との伝えもある）または、同じ祐忠の子の右馬允、小川光氏と同一人物とする説もある。
English: Yuko OMURA (ca. 1536 - 1596) was a scholar and writer from the Warring States period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 大村由己（おおむらゆうこ、天文(日本)7年（1536年）?-慶長元年（1596年））は、戦国時代(日本)から安土桃山時代にかけての学者・著述家。
English: Yuko OMURA was formerly a monk Raionbo in Seiryuzan Chouraku-ji Temple (branch temple of Kongo-ji Temple in Mikiomura).
Japanese: 青柳山長楽寺（三木大村金剛寺の塔頭）の僧、頼音房が大村由己の前身である。
English: When he was young, Yuko learned the Chinese classics under a monk Ninjoshugyo at Sokoku-ji Temple and practiced waka poetry composition under various waka poets, and grown to be known for his profound learning.
Japanese: 若年の頃京の相国寺において仁如集尭より漢学を学び、諸家の門を叩いて歌道を修め、その深い学識で世に知られた。
English: It is said that he became a secretary to Hideyoshi when Hideyoshi ruled the whole area of Omura during the Siege of Miki.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の三木合戦で大村一帯が秀吉の勢力圏となっていた時に、秀吉の祐筆となったといわれている。
English: Yuko attended the council of war held by Hideyoshi in Himeji-jo Castle in 1582 on the way back to Kyoto from the chugoku region in haste, which means that Yuko had established the status of attendant to Hideyoshi by the time.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）の秀吉の中国大返しの際、姫路城における軍議にも参加していることから、この時期には既に秀吉の側近としての地位を確立していたものと思われる。
English: He attended Hideyoshi who strived for unifying the whole country, writing books including the Hideyoshi's war chronicle "Tenshoki."
Japanese: 天下統一に邁進する秀吉に近侍して、彼の軍記である『天正記』などを記述した。
English: All of his books specifically emphasize greatness of Hideyoshi, which suggests that Yuko played a role of spokesman for Hideyoshi to announce legitimacy of the Toyotomi administration.
Japanese: いずれも秀吉の偉大さを殊更強調して書かれたものであり、由己は豊臣政権の正統性を訴えるスポークスマンとしての役割を担っていたのではないかと推察されている。
English: In those days, Hideyoshi was interested in Noh play so passionately that he could not be satisfied with playing the existing noh plays, and ordered Yuko to write a new Noh plays to show his great achievements to the later generations.
Japanese: 当時の秀吉は能に傾倒すること甚だしく、既存の作品を演じるだけでは飽き足らず、由己に自身の偉業を後世に伝える新作能の作成を命じたといわれている。
English: "Yoshino Hanami," "Koya Sankei," "Akechiuchi," and "Shibatauchi" are the new Noh plays that Yuko wrote by setting Hideyoshi to the leading roles.
Japanese: 『吉野花見』『高野参詣』『明智討』『柴田討』『北条討』はいずれも秀吉を主役にとった由己作の新作能である。
English: "Akechiuchi" was played by Hideyoshi himself on May 5, 1594 in Osaka-jo Castle and on May 31 in the same year in the Imperial Palace, which shows how Hideyoshi loved this program among others.
Japanese: 特に『明智討』は文禄3年（1594年）3月15日に大坂城で、4月12日に禁中で、それぞれ秀吉本人の手によって披露されていることから、秀吉のお気に入りであったことが伺える。
English: Yuko displayed his various abilities in Noh chanting, composing of waka poetry, linked verse, popular linked verse, satirical poem, and so forth other than writing the war chronicle and new Noh plays.
Japanese: 上記の軍記物や新作能以外に、謡曲、和歌、連歌、俳諧、狂歌などに多彩な才能を発揮した。
English: It is known that he had friendship with contemporary intellectuals including Seika FUJIWARA, Tokitsugu YAMASHINA, and Joha SATOMURA.
Japanese: 藤原惺窩や山科言継、里村紹巴など、同時代の知識人たちとの交友も知られている。
English: A war chronicle of Hideyoshi in Tensho era from the Siege of Miki in 1580 to the battle of Odawara in 1590.
Japanese: 天正8年（1580年）の三木合戦から天正18年（1590年）の小田原の役まで、天正年間の秀吉の活躍を記録する軍記物。
English: It had great influence on war chronicles on Hideyoshi written later including "Taikoki" by Hoan OZE..
Japanese: 小瀬甫庵の『太閤記』など、後の秀吉主役の軍記物語の成立に大きな影響を与えた。
English: It is told that Yuko recited this volume to Kennyo in Hongan-ji Temple who was placed under house arrest then and Kennyo's son Kyonyo in 1585 in Kaizuka City.
Japanese: 天正13年（1585年）には貝塚市で蟄居中の本願寺顕如・教如親子の前で由己本人が朗読したと伝わっている。
English: This volume contains lots of suspicious descriptions such as a grandfather of Hideyoshi was the nobility called Hagi Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Hideyoshi's mother worked at the Imperial Court; for this reason, historians of later generations put less importance on this volume.
Japanese: 秀吉の祖父が萩中納言と呼ばれる貴人であり、大政所は宮中に出仕していたなど信憑性を疑われる記述が多いため、後世の歴史家からは重視されていない。
English: This volume is a record of the five days from May 9, 1588 when Emperor Goyozei visited Hideyoshi's palace Jurakudai (also known as Jurakutei).
Japanese: 天正16年（1588年）4月14日から5日間に渡って行われた、後陽成天皇の聚楽第行幸の有様を記録した書物。
English: This volume is a record of the day July 2, 1589 when Hideyoshi presented gold and silver to feudal lords.
Japanese: 天正17年（1589年）5月20日に聚楽第で秀吉が諸大名に金銀を振舞ったことを記録した書物。
English: Hirotsuna KUTSUKI (September 1835 - September 11, 1854) was a successor of the Fukuchiyama Domain in Tanba Province.
Japanese: 朽木紘綱（くつきひろつな、天保6年（1835年）8月-嘉永7年閏7月19日(旧暦)（1854年9月11日））は、丹波国福知山藩の世嗣。
English: He became the adopted son of the 12th domain lord (Fukuchiyama Domain), Tsunaharu KUCHIKI, and took the 10th domain lord Tsunaeda's daughter as his lawful wife.
Japanese: 第12代藩主・朽木綱張の養子となり、10代藩主・綱条の娘を正室とする。
English: Tsunanori KUTSUKI (January 9, 1808 - October 15, 1825) was a successor of the Fukuchiyama Domain in Tanba Province.
Japanese: 朽木綱紀（くつきつなのり、文化(元号)4年12月12日(旧暦)（1808年1月9日）-文政8年9月4日(旧暦)（1825年10月15日））は、丹波国福知山藩の世嗣。
English: He became the adopted son of the 11th domain lord, Tsunaeda KUTSUKI, who took over the position of his natural father, but Tsunanori died young in 1825, before succeeding to the family head.
Japanese: 父の後藩主となった第11代藩主・朽木綱条の養子となるが、家督を相続することなく文政8年（1825年）に早世。
English: Takaaki KUKI (1762 - September 21, 1779) was an heir to Ayabe Domain in Tango Province.
Japanese: 九鬼隆晁（くきたかあき、宝暦12年（1762年）-安永8年8月12日(旧暦)（1779年9月21日））は、丹波国綾部藩の世嗣。
English: In 1778, Takaaki was adopted by Takasada KUKI, the fifth lord of Ayabe Domain, and had an audience with Ieharu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 安永7年（1778年）、綾部藩5代藩主・九鬼隆貞の養子となり徳川家治に拝謁する。
English: Takayoshi, the seventh son of Okitsugu TANUMA, senior councilor to the shogun, was adopted subsequently and became the heir as Takayoshi KUKI.
Japanese: 代わって、老中・田沼意次の七男である九鬼隆棋が養子に迎えられ、嫡子となった。
English: Morokazu NAKAHARA (1184 - July 19, 1251) was a person during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 中原師員（なかはらもろかず、元暦元年（1184年）-建長3年6月22日(旧暦)（1251年7月12日））は鎌倉時代の人物。
English: Morokazu was from the family of Sadachika line of the Myogyodo-Nakahara clan that produced OE no Hiromoto (before he changed his name, he was NAKAHARA no Hiromoto); and Morokazu's father Moroshige was a cousin of NAKAHARA no Chikayoshi (later, he changed his name to FUJIWARA no Chikayoshi) and OE no Hiromoto.
Japanese: 大江広元（中原広元）を出した明経道中原氏の庶流貞親流で、師員の父師茂は中原親能（藤原親能）、広元（大江広元）兄弟の従兄弟にあたる。
English: It is considered that, due to the relationship, he went down to Kamakura and became a member of the first Council of State during the days of Yasutoki HOJO.
Japanese: その縁で北条泰時の時代に鎌倉に下向し、初代評定衆の一員に加わったものとみられる。
English: In 1231, he was appointed Major Secretary in the Council of State at the appointment ceremony in spring, and appointed to the governor of Settsu Province in June in the same year immediately after the ceremony.
Japanese: 1231年（寛喜3年）春の除目で大外記補任、その直後の同年5月に摂津守に任官している。
English: In the entry for the 26th day of the 12th month of the 2nd year in the Katei era in the lunar calendar (corresponds to January 31, 1237), it is described 'A record of the appointment ceremony held on 18th arrived. Yasutoki HOJO was concurrently appointed Left City Acting Commissioner. Morokazu was appointed Head of the Bureau of Taxation.'
Japanese: 1236年（嘉禎2年）12月26日条に「去る十八日の除目の聞書到着す。武州（北条泰時）左京権大夫を兼ね給う。師員主計の頭に任ず」とある。
English: Morokazu NAKAHARA served as an aide to the shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, functioning as an intermediary for Kyoto and Kamakura, for Councilors of the Council of State and the Administrative Board, and as the reward magistrate, functioning as an intermediary for the shogunal regent and the shogun--Here, it is proved that he was originally expected to keep neutral between the shogunal regent and the shogun.
Japanese: 中原師員は将軍藤原頼経の側近でもあったが、その立場は、京と鎌倉、評定衆の評定と政所、恩沢奉行としては執権と将軍の結節点となっており、執権対将軍という中では中立的な立場がそもそもの役割だったのだろう。
English: Because of that, he kept being the central figure in the government through the Palace Disturbance, without got involved in the incident like FUJIWARA no Sadakazu nor being suspected like Mototsuna GOTO; also his son NAKAHARA no Morotsura was active as the Intendant of the Shogunal Palace for Prince Munetaka and a member of the Council of State, established the family line as the family inheriting secretary official positions in the center of the government and as to be called the Settsu clan at the end of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: そのため宮騒動においても、藤原定員のように連座することも、後藤基綱のように警戒されることもなく、政権中枢であり続け、子の中原師連も宗尊親王の御所奉行、評定衆として活躍し、その家系は鎌倉時代末期には摂津氏と呼ばれて幕府中枢の事務官僚を世襲した。
English: As Morokazu and his son Morotsura frequently appear in a chronicle of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) "Azumakagami" with their real names, it is highly possible that the compiler of "Azumakagami" used their diaries and records as source materials.
Japanese: その子中原師連とともに『吾妻鏡』に多数実名で登場することから、『吾妻鏡』編纂の原史料としてその日記・筆録の類が利用された可能性が高いとされている。
English: Although Morokazu is described as Terutane TAKABA and as constructed Takabajo Castle in some documents, 'castle' in those days only meant a temporary barricade used during war and not a permanent facility as 'castle' in the later ages meant.
Japanese: 尚、一部では竹迫輝種とか、竹迫城を築城したとか出てくるが、この当時の「城郭」は戦時の一時的なバリケードのことであり、恒常的施設としての、後世に通じる「城」の概念は生まれていない。
English: NAKAHARA no Morotsura (1220 - 1283) was a working-level official of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during the middle of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 中原師連（なかはらのもろつら、承久3年（1220年）-弘安6年（1283年））は鎌倉時代中期の幕府実務官。
English: He served three shoguns, the fifth shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsugu, Prince Munetaka, and Prince Koreyasu; on July 5, 1263, he took over the office of Intendant of the Shogunal Palace, and on November 22 in the same year, the magistrate of sleeping chamber from Yukikata NIKAIDO.
Japanese: 5代将軍となった藤原頼嗣、宗尊親王、惟康親王の3代に仕え、1263年（弘長3年）7月5日に二階堂行方の後を継いで宗尊親王の御所奉行、同年11月22日には御息所の奉行も引き継ぐ。
English: The family line was characterized by 'the family of an aide to the shogun,' but from the generation of Chikamune SETTSU, a son of NAKAHARA no Morotsura, the family changed its name from NAKAHARA to FUJIWARA.
Japanese: その家系は「将軍側近の家」との性格をもっていたが、師連の子の摂津親致の代から中原性を藤原性に改性した。
English: Morotsura approached the head of the Hojo clan, while keeping the family as 'the family of the aide to the shogun,' to become a trusted vassal to the Hojo clan.
Japanese: また「将軍側近の家」のまま得宗家にも接近してその近臣ともなっている。