nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Therefore, this document is useful not only for research on Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) but also for the research for restoring descriptions that have been lost.
Japanese: このため、本書は平安時代の有職故実の研究のみではなく、現存しない逸文を復原する研究においても有益な書である。
English: For example, this document was used, as it was, in the annual event part of "Seiji Yoryaku" and citations about national history in the augmented portion was made from "Ruiju Kokushi" (a national history compiled by SUGAWARA no Michizane).
Japanese: 例えば、『政事要略』の年中行事篇は、本書をそのまま導入し、新たに増補した部分の国史の引用については『類聚国史』を用いている。
English: Therefore, in the annual event part of "Seiji Yoryaku," citations concerning national history were made from Rikkokushi (six official national histories) and from "Ruiju Kokushi."
Japanese: よって、『政事要略』の年中行事篇に引用される国史は、六国史からの引用と、『類聚国史』からの引用が見られるのである。
English: When the compilation of this document was completed is known from the following two items: (1) the description of national mourning events on the same day of June, in "Honcho Gatsuryo," and (2) a comparison of the documents referred to in "Honcho Gatsuryo" and those in "Seiji Yoryaku."
Japanese: 本書の成立時期について、①『本朝月令』六月同日国忌事条と、②『本朝月令』と『政事要略』に引用される典籍の比較によって分かる。
English: First, concerning (1), the description includes 'The title of Empress was awarded after her death; her posthumous name was FUJIWARA no Inshi; the mother (妣) of the former Emperor.'
Japanese: 先ず①について、当該条に「贈皇后藤原氏、諱胤子、先帝之妣」という記載がある。
English: Therefore, the emperor who could call Emperor Daigo as the former emperor was the emperor who succeeded Emperor Daigo, or Emperor Suzaku.
Japanese: よって、醍醐天皇を先帝と呼びうる天皇は、その次の天皇、即ち朱雀天皇である。
English: Concerning (2), compared with the documents referred to in "Seiji Yoryaku," one of those not referred to in this document is "Seiryoki."
Japanese: ②について、本書と『政事要略』に引用される典籍を比較した場合、本書に引用されない典籍のひとつに『清凉記』がある。
English: Because "Seiryoki" was complete in 946, this document must have been complete in 946 or before.
Japanese: 『清凉記』の成立は天慶9年（946年）であるので、本書の成立は天慶9年以前でなくてはならない。
English: From those described above, it can be considered that this document was complete in the era of Emperor Suzaku, but there are also other theories insisting that it was complete in the era of 901 - 923 or in the era of Emperor Murakami.
Japanese: 以上のことから、本書の成立時期は、朱雀天皇朝と捉えることができるが、延喜年間（901年-923年）説や村上天皇朝説もある。
English: There are the following manuscripts of this document: One is the book that is said to have been copied in the Kamakura period and was formerly kept in the Kujo family (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives), and another is the book that was partially copied in around 1334 -1336 and was formerly kept in the Kanazawa Library (now kept in Sonkeikaku-bunko library).
Japanese: 本書の写本は、鎌倉時代の書写とされる九条家旧蔵本（現在は宮内庁書陵部所蔵）と、建武年間頃に抄出書写した金沢文庫旧蔵本（現在は尊経閣文庫所蔵）とがある。
English: There are manuscripts copied in the early-modern times as well, and they are based on the book formerly kept in the Kujo family.
Japanese: 近世書写されたものがあるが、これは九条家旧蔵本の系統に属するものである。
English: The Kanpyo-Engi Togoku War was a war raised by bandits in the Kanto region in the middle era of the Heian period.
Japanese: 寛平・延喜東国の乱（かんぴょうえんぎとうごくのらん）は、平安時代中期に関東地方で発生した群盗による乱。
English: In 889, MONONOBE no Nagauji, the head of a group of bandits, and others started the war.
Japanese: 889年（寛平元年）、強盗首物部氏永（もののべのうじなが）等が蜂起し発生した。
English: Because nationally legitimate permanent troops became extinct, the security of local areas deteriorated, and it became an ordinary state throughout the nation that bandits were rampant against stringent collections of taxes by kokuga (provincial government offices).
Japanese: 常置の国家正規軍がなくなったことから地方の治安は悪化し、国衙の厳しい調庸取り立てに反抗した群盗の横行が全国的に常態化するようになっていた。
English: In particular, in Togoku throughout the era from the middle of the ninth century to the end of the century, barbarians raised rebellions one after another in addition to bandits whose activities had become more active, deteriorating security markedly.
Japanese: 特に東国では9世紀半ばから後半を通じて俘囚の反乱が相次ぎ、群盗の活動の活発化と相まって、治安悪化が顕著であった。
English: The Imperial Court sent nobles concerned with military affairs to suppress these activities as kokushi (provincial governors), and in addition, took the measure of placing kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) at kokuga as well.
Japanese: 朝廷はこれらの鎮圧のために軍事貴族層を国司として派遣するとともに、国衙に検非違使等を設置するなどの政策をとっていった。
English: Although its details are not known, it is described in "Fuso Ryakki" (A brief history of Japan) and "Nihongi Ryaku" (Summary of Japanese chronologies) that it took around ten years to suppress the war.
Japanese: 乱の詳細は不明であるが、その鎮圧には10年余りかかったことが『扶桑略記』や『日本紀略』に記載されている。
English: However, even after the war was suppressed, the activities of Shubano-to groups (that were entrusted to the work to convey goods, but sometimes behaved like bandits as well) became rampant conspicuously, making the state remain unstable.
Japanese: しかし、鎮圧後も、東国では「しゅう馬の党（しゅうばのとう）」の横行が顕著であるなど安定しなかった。
English: In this process of suppressing the war, the military system was reformed in the Engi (901 - 923) era, making less restrictive the regulation of kokuga mobilizing people for military purposes.
Japanese: これらの鎮圧過程で延喜年間に軍制の改革が進められ、国衙の軍事動員に対する規制が緩和された。
English: Formerly, the central government possessed the right of mobilizing military personnel, but according to a theory, the system concerned was changed to the following one: An Oryoshi, a police and military command, was appointed to each province, and when instructed by Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) who received an official document instructing the suppression of a rebellion, the Oryoshi mobilized samurai in the province to suppress the rebellion.
Japanese: 従来は中央政府に発兵権があったが、国毎に警察・軍事指揮官として押領使（おうりょうし）を任命し、中央からの「追討官符」を受けた受領の命令で押領使が国内の武士を動員して反乱を鎮圧する体制に移行したとする説がある。
English: Shichusen refers to privately produced counterfeit money, as differentiated from the official money coined by the government.
Japanese: 私鋳銭（しちゅうせん）とは、政府が作った公の銭ではなく、私的に偽造された銭のこと。
English: Despite the fact that Kocho-Junisen (12 coins casted in Japan) was the official money during the Nara and Heian periods, shichusen was widely used.
Japanese: 奈良時代から平安時代にかけては、皇朝十二銭が公の銭であったが、広く私鋳銭が使われていた。
English: During and after the Kamakura period, shichusen of Sung currency was also actively minted, and it reached its peak during the mid to late Muromachi period (it should be noted, however, that imported Sung currency itself was considered equivalent to shichusen, since it was not money issued by the Japanese imperial court, and therefore could not be considered official money).
Japanese: 鎌倉時代以降は更に宋銭の私鋳銭などが盛んに作られ、室町時代中後期には最盛期を迎えた（なお、宋銭などの渡来銭そのものも当時の日本の朝廷が発行した銭ではないという意味では私鋳銭と同様であった。
English: It is known that the imperial court and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued a ban against the use of Sung currency ['Sosen kinshirei']).
Japanese: 朝廷や鎌倉幕府によって使用禁止令が出されたこともある（「宋銭禁止令」））。
English: In the Edo period, however, as the bakufu enforced its policy on currency by starting to circulate Kanei Tsuho coins, shichusen gradually disappeared.
Japanese: 江戸時代に入ると幕府は寛永通宝の流通を始め貨幣政策を強化したため、私鋳銭は徐々に姿を消していった。
English: After repeated use of molds, they become damaged, and the impressions on the coins become illegible due to the gradual wear of the impression of the original coin.
Japanese: また、鋳型は繰り返し使用するうちに傷み、次第に銭影がぼやけ、銭名が読めなくなる。
English: It is thought that shichusen started to be produced and circulated just after Wado-kaichin silver coins were coined in 708, and an official ban against shichusen was issued in the following year of 709.
Japanese: 私鋳銭は、和同開珎が鋳造（708年）された直後から製造、流通していたと考えられ、翌年（709年）には早くも私鋳を禁ずる詔が出された。
English: Although the law to strip the court ranks of those who carried out the act of shichusen and to give them a flogging was also laid down at the same time the ban the issued, production of shichusen did not stop, and in later years, the punishment given to the ringleader of the crime became more and more severe to the point where the death penalty was given to the criminals under the Ritsuryo code of law.
Japanese: 同時に、私鋳を行った者に対して官位剥奪、杖罪などを適用されることが規定されたが私鋳は止まず、後に首謀者に対する刑は死罪(律令法)に引き上げられている。
English: Production of shichusen was considered an extremely serious crime, as in some cases, the producers of shichusen were not included when pardons were granted.
Japanese: 私鋳銭の製造は極めて重い罪に位置づけられ、恩赦などの対象からも外される事例も見られた。
English: Erizenirei was a ban on the erizeni act (the act of accepting only high-quality coins) enforced by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or daimyo (feudal lords) in the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 撰銭令（えりぜにれい）とは、室町時代、室町幕府や大名などが撰銭を禁止するもの。
English: Around the Muromachi period, increasingly more money became circulated corresponding to progress in commodity economy, and use of money for paying taxes was promoted.
Japanese: 室町時代前後、商品経済の発達に伴って貨幣の流通が著しく増えて税の銭納化も進められていた。
English: As demands for these currencies increased, Shichusen (coins made privately) and low-quality Torai-sen (coins imported from China) became circulated.
Japanese: 需要が増えるにしたがって悪質な私鋳銭や粗悪な渡来銭も流通するようになった。
English: Therefore, the general public hated low-quality coins and sometimes carried out erizen acts in transactions, hampering smooth circulation of currencies.
Japanese: このため、民衆が取引においてこのような悪銭を嫌ったために良銭を撰ぶ撰銭がおこなわれ、円滑な流通が阻害されていた。
English: Therefore, the Muromachi bakufu and many daimyo promulgated Erizenirei many times, specifying a mixing ratio of low-quality currencies to high-quality currencies or forcing to circulate currencies in the condition that the circulation of certain low-quality currencies should be prohibited.
Japanese: そこで室町幕府や多数の大名が撰銭令を度々発令し、悪銭と良銭の混入比率を決めたり、一定の悪銭の流通を禁止することを条件に貨幣の流通を強制した。
English: However, since the control was local and many of the general public wanted to eliminate Bitasen (low-quality coins whose surfaces were worn away), the results were not satisfactory.
Japanese: しかしその支配が地域的であったことや鐚銭を排除しようとする民衆が多く、満足な結果は得られなかった。
English: However, Erizenirei then became that only a bad law to force the general public to use the low-quality Torai-sen, lots of which were held by the Muromachi bakufu and others.
Japanese: しかし、それでは撰銭令は、室町幕府などが自ら大量に所有する粗悪な渡来銭などを市民に押し付けるための、利己的な悪法に過ぎないことになる。
English: Rather, the following opinion has been gaining strength today: The erizeni act was restricted actually, but more attention should be paid to the aspect that certain erizeni acts were 'officially permitted,' for example, through the use of a mixing ratio or of an exchanging ratio.
Japanese: むしろ撰銭を「制限」する一方で、混入比率や交換比率など、一定の撰銭行為を「公認した」という面に注目すべきだという意見が、今日では強まっている。
English: This is because some local daimyo who held no Torai-sen were more likely to permit erizeni acts officially to eliminate low-quality coins form their territories.
Japanese: もともと渡来銭などを持っていない一部の地方大名などは、むしろ領内から悪銭を排除するために撰銭を「公認」する度合いが強いからである。
English: If a person obtained lots of high-quality coins from a daimyo who prohibited erizen, melt them and generated corresponding low-quality coins, the person could gain a huge profit.
Japanese: 撰銭を禁じた大名から良貨を大量に仕入れ、これを融解して悪貨を作って戻せば莫大な利益が出ることになる。
English: If such a situation occurred, the daimyo himself would have suffered a big loss and a serious inflation might also have ensued, through promoting the generation of low-quality false coins.
Japanese: これでは禁じた本人が大損害をこうむるばかりか粗悪な贋金を奨励して重大なインフレを招きかねない。
English: However, the reason why such a situation did not occur actually was that the parties responsible for circulating low-quality Torai-sen were the Muromachi bakufu and influential families in the central government, explicitly showing that Torai-sen were at the center of the low-quality coins.
Japanese: そうならなかったのは、むしろ粗悪な渡来銭を積極的に流通させていたのが、室町幕府ら中央の権門のほうであり、悪銭の中心は渡来銭だったことを明示している。
English: "Ouchi-shi Okitegaki" (collections of laws and regulations established by the Ouchi clan), a bunkokuho (the law individual Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) enforced in their own territories) of a Sengoku daimyo who promoted oversea trade actively, includes the following rather selfish description: The erizeni act shall be carried out for the coins paid as taxes but it is not permitted for the general public to carry out the erizeni act.
Japanese: 積極的な海外貿易推進者であった戦国大名の分国法「大内氏掟書」には自分への貢納銭は撰銭し、庶民は撰銭するななどと虫のいいことを記している。
English: In the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the credibility of copper coins had been degraded, and the influential families and the merchants engaging in large-scale trade who monopolized oversea trade could get these coins by selling inexpensive things and quite easily.
Japanese: 元や明ではすでに銅銭の信用が低下しており、貿易を独占するような権門や大商人たちはこれを安い元手できわめて容易に入手していた。
English: Therefore, even if erizen acts were carried out and coins like 'Kobusen' (copper coins cast from 1368 to 1398) were discriminated, little loss would be inflicted.
Japanese: したがって仮に撰銭がおこなわれて「洪武銭」のたぐいが差別されても大きな損失はなかった。
English: Even the following instance occurred actually: Some persons in a position where false coins in the Ming Dynasty or Japan, for examples, Sakai-sen (coins cast in Sakai in the late 16th century) could be gathered and made into those coins possessed by other persons intentionally.
Japanese: 「堺銭」などのように、明や日本の贋金をあつめられる立場にあった者が他人に故意につかませる行為さえあったのである。
English: The fact that erizeni acts were carried out and were officially permitted, even though some restrictions were imposed, impacted the credibility of the money economy in China greatly.
Japanese: むしろ、撰銭がおこなわれ、かつ一定の制限のもとであるにせよ公認された事実は、中国貨幣経済の信用度に大きな打撃を与えたことになる。
English: Bunkyo-hifuron was a written literary theory compiled in the early Heian period, in which theories to create prose and poetry were collected through the period of the Six Dynasties to the Tang dynasty of China.
Japanese: 文鏡秘府論（ぶんきょうひふろん）は、平安時代前期に編纂された文学理論書で、中国の六朝期から唐朝に至る詩文の創作理論を取りまとめたものである。
English: It has been said that Kukai, who went to study in Changan in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, completed it in the Konin era (810 - 823) after he came back to Japan.
Japanese: 唐代中期の長安に留学した空海が、帰国後、日本の弘仁年間（810年-823年）に完成させたとされる。
English: Although concerned comments of each family were chosen depending on Kukai's own point of view, all sentences cited were written by Chinese men of literature.
Japanese: 取り上げられている諸家の評論の取捨選択に空海の主観が入っているとはいえ、そこに引用されている文章はすべて唐土の文人のものである。
English: That is why Kukai cannot be the 'author' of this literature, but served in the position of editor.
Japanese: ために空海は、本書に関しては飽くまで「著者」ではなく、編集人の位置に止まっているといえよう。
English: Kukai's intention was, as he wrote in the general introduction appended to the volume of Heaven, 'the volumes are titled after the universe and because they are so everlasting as the sun and the moon are, they are collectively called hifuron (important theory).'
Japanese: これについて空海は、天の巻に付された総序において「配巻軸於六合、懸不朽於兩曜、名曰秘府論。（巻軸を六合に配し、不朽を両曜に懸け、名づけて秘府論という）」とその意図を述べている。
English: As for the order for these six volumes, two opinions have emerged so far.
Japanese: この六巻の序列をいかように配置するのかについては、従来二説が唱えられてきた。
English: That is, supposing the order of the first two volumes of Heaven and Earth was absolute, the problem was whether the order of the other four volumes of direction should be East, South, West, and North, or alternatively East, West, South, and North.
Japanese: すなわち、天・地の二巻がその冒頭に置かれるのは動かないとして、以下の四方位の巻を先の東・南・西・北とするのか、あるいは東・西・南・北とすべきかということである。
English: Jinichi KONISHI, who allegedly made notable achievements in the postwar studies on Bunkyo-hifuron, adopted the latter.
Japanese: 戦後の文鏡秘府論研究で画期的な業績を残したとされる小西甚一は後者を採った。
English: As the ground of his thesis, he mentioned there was a phrase at the end of the general introduction 'the theory is classified into 115 categories, I think, as follows; seifu (tones), chosho (a leading part of sutra sentences), 8 in (八種韻, 8 rhymes), 4 seiron (四聲論, 4 tone methods), 17 sei (十七勢, 17 powers), 14 rei (十四例, 14 examples), 6 gi (六義, 6 doctrines), 10 tei (十體, 10 formats), 8 kai (八階, 8 grades), 6 shi (六志, 6 wills), and 29 tai (二十九種對, 29 replies), 30 contents of peirui (文三十種病累, 30 contents of disease related),10 shitsu (十種疾, 10 disease), meanings of articles, rontaizoku (論對属, attached articles), and so on' before the phrase of 'the volumes are titled after the universe …' mentioned above.
Japanese: 彼は、その論拠として総序の末尾、先述の「配巻軸於六合…」の前に「総有一十五種類、謂聲譜、調聲、八種韻、四聲論、十七勢、十四例、六義、十體、八階、六志、二十九種對、文三十種病累、十種疾、論文意、論對属等、是也」と見えることを挙げる。
English: In detail, the word order of the above sentence was firstly 'seifu to 4 seiron' which appeared in the volume of Heaven, secondly '17 sei to 6 shi' in the volume of Earth, '29 tai' in the volume of East, '30 contents of peirui and 10 shitsu' in the volume of West, 'meanings of articles' in the volume of South, and 'rontaizoku' in the volume of North.
Japanese: その次第を詳細に見れば、「聲譜～四聲論」（天巻所収）「十七勢～六志」（地巻所収）「二十九種對」（東巻所収）「文三十種病累、十種疾」（西巻所収）「論文意」（南巻所収）「論對属」（北巻所収）となる。
English: As Konishi indicated, it can be deemed that Kukai himself insisted that the order of the volume should be Heaven, Earth, East, West, South, and North.
Japanese: これは、小西説の指摘するとおり空海自身が本書の編成順序を天・地・東・西・南・北としていたと見做せなくもない。
English: In response to this, Hiroshi KOZEN explained that evidently pairs were made, as the titles of the volume corresponded to each other such as East against West, and North against South (particularly the volumes of East and West were noticeable because they had small prefaces in the beginning), and concerning the format, in the volumes of East and West Kukai selected each family's comments on his own discretion, while in the volumes of South and North they were cited as they were.
Japanese: これに対して興膳宏は、東・西、と北・南で巻題の命名に対応関係が見られること（とくに東・西の巻ではそれぞれ巻頭に小序が付されていてそれが顕著である）、また体裁の面でも東・西の巻が諸家の論を空海自身の裁量で取捨しているのに対し、南・北の巻ではそのままの形で引用されていることが多いなど、対になっているのは明らかだとしている。
English: He compared it to Mandala and assumed that Kukai should have imagined a Mandala-like configuration with Heaven and Earth in the center and East, South, West, and North surrounding them clockwise.
Japanese: 彼は、これを曼荼羅に擬え、空海の脳裏にあったのは、天・地を中心としてそれを東・南・西・北が時計回りに取り巻く曼荼羅的構図であったと考察する。
English: Concerning the contents of the total of six volumes, when the order was Heaven, Earth, East, South, West, and North, the first volume of Heaven described the shift of the tone seen in the Chinese (the ancient kango [words of Chinese origin]) as well as the principle of the four tones, while in the volume of Earth described the format of the poetry and materials to be depicted.
Japanese: 全六巻の内容は、天・地・東・南・西・北の順で見たとき、冒頭の天巻では中国語（古代漢語）に見られる声調変化、四声の原理を説き、地巻では詩の形式や描くべき題材について述べる。
English: The volume of Heaven put a basis for theory of sound by Liu Shanjing, while the volume of Earth put Ars Poetica by Wang Changling, Jiaoran, Shang Guan Yi, and so on.
Japanese: 天巻では劉善経の声律論、地巻では王昌齢・皎然・上官儀らの詩論を基本に置く。
English: The following volume of East explained the kinds and usage of distich, the volume of South mentioned the ideal pattern of sentences and attitude to make, the volume of West discussed the things to be avoided about rhythm, and the last volume of North referred to the summary of the rules to be followed concerning distich.
Japanese: 続く東巻は対句の種類と用法を解説し、南巻は文章のあるべき形、またそれを作る際の心構え等を述べ、西巻は韻律上の避けるべき事柄を論じ、そして最終の北巻は対句に関して守らねばならぬ法則のまとめを綴っている。
English: Much literature was cited that can no more be seen today not only in China but also in Japan, where some Chinese classic books still exist.
Japanese: 引用文献には、中国ではもちろん、中国で佚した漢籍をしばしば遺している日本においてすら今日見ることのできないものも多い。
English: Thus this literature can be said to be very precious from the viewpoint of its information value.
Japanese: したがって、その資料的価値という側面からしても本書はたいへん貴重な文献と言える。
English: The volume of Heaven: "Poetry Rules" by Wang Changling in China (Tang), "The Essence of Poetry" by Yuan Jing in China (Tang), "A Guidebook for the Four Tones" by Liu Shanjing in China (Sui).
Japanese: 天巻　（唐）王昌齢『詩格』、（唐）元兢『詩髄脳』、（隋）劉善経『四声指帰』。
English: The volume of Earth: "Poetry Rules" by Wang Changling in China (Tang), "Discussion on Poetry" by Jiaoran in China (Tang), "The New Rules of Poetry in the Tang Dynasty" by Cui Rong in China, "筆札華梁" by Shang Guan Yi in China (Tang), "The Rules of Prose and Poetry" selectors unknown.
Japanese: 地巻　王昌齢『詩格』、皎然『詩議』、（唐）崔融『唐朝新定詩格』、（唐）上官儀『筆札華梁』、　『文筆式』（撰者未詳）。
English: The volume of South: "Poetry Rules" by Wang Changling, "Discussion on Poetry" by Jiaoran, "He yue ying ling ji" by Yin Fan in China (Tang), "Elegant Lines of Poets Past" by Yuan Jing in China (Western Jin), "About Prose and Rhapodies" by Lu Ji.
Japanese: 南巻　王昌齢『詩格』、皎然『詩議』、（唐）殷璠『河岳英霊集』、元兢『古今詩人秀句』（西晋）、陸機「文賦」。
English: Shigisan Engi (Legends of Mt. Shigi) is a set of picture scrolls made in the late Heian period, and was designated as a national treasure in 2006.
Japanese: 信貴山縁起（しぎさんえんぎ）は、平安時代末期の絵巻物で、2006年現在、日本の国宝に指定されている。
English: It is referred to as one of four great picture scrolls, along with "Genji Monogatari Emaki" (Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji), "Choju Jinbutsu Giga" (Caricatures of Frolicking Birds, Animals and Humans), and "Ban Dainagon Ekotoba" (The Story of the Courtier Ban Dainagon).
Japanese: 『源氏物語絵巻』、『鳥獣人物戯画』、『伴大納言絵詞』と並ぶ四大絵巻物の1つと称される。
English: It is possessed by Chogosonshi-ji Temple (but the original is housed at the Nara National Museum and its replica is displayed in the treasure hall of the temple).
Japanese: 朝護孫子寺が所蔵（原本は奈良国立博物館に寄託されており、霊宝館では複製を展示）。
English: As described below, the title falls into the genre of Jisha Engi-e (literally, illustrated origins of shrines and temples), but the story itself belongs to the genre of Kosoden-e (illustrated biographies of notable Buddhist monks).
Japanese: 後述のごとく、表題は寺社縁起絵に属するものであるが、内容は高僧伝絵の範疇に入る。
English: However, it is also said that Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa was involved in the making of it as well as "Ban Dainagon Ekotoba" and "Genji Monogatari Emaki."
Japanese: 『伴大納言絵詞』や『源氏物語絵巻』と同様に、後白河法皇が関与した、という説もある。
English: As written in the summary, these are the tales of miraculous efficacy whose main character, Myoren, was the restorer of Mt. Shigi.
Japanese: 内容は、概要で述べるごとく、信貴山の中興である命蓮を主人公とした霊験譚である。
English: The story depicted on the scroll of Engi Kaji no Maki (Exorcism of the Emperor) is that Myoren healed the Emperor Daigo of a disease with the miraculous power of incantation and prayer.
Japanese: 延喜加持の巻で、醍醐天皇の病気を命蓮の加持祈祷の法力で治したという話が語られる。
English: Almost identical stories are contained in "Uji Shui Monogatari" (a collection of the Tales of Uji) and "Konjaku Monogatari" (The tales of Times Now Past).
Japanese: ほぼ一致する説話が『宇治拾遺物語』、『今昔物語』にも収められている。
English: Unlike other Jisha Engi picture scrolls, which generally depict origins of shrines and temples, it depicts stories related to Myoren, the restoration patriarch of the mountain, who trained himself in Mt. Shigi in the middle of the Heian period.
Japanese: 通常の寺社縁起のごとく、開山の縁起を記したものではなく、平安時代中期に信貴山で修行して当山の中興の祖とされる命蓮に関する説話を描く。
English: Although the authorship is unclear, this is a masterpiece of emaki, depicting people's faces and dynamic movements in a light and easy style, and along with "Choju Jinbutsu Giga," it is considered to be an origin of Japanese manga culture.
Japanese: 作者は不明ながら、人物の表情や躍動感を軽妙な筆致で描いた絵巻の一大傑作であり、『鳥獣人物戯画』とともに、日本の漫画文化のルーツとされる。
English: Myoren uses his supernatural power to make a bowl used to ask for alms fly to the granary of a rich man in Yamazaki and return to the mountain.
Japanese: 命蓮が神通力を行使して、山崎の長者のもとに托鉢に使用する鉢を飛ばし、その鉢に校倉造りの倉を乗せて飛ばし、信貴山に居る命蓮の所まで持って来る。
English: The rich man appeals to Myoren to just give him back rice bags in the granary, and then Myoren makes a rice bag on the bowl, followed by a string of other rice bags, fly back to their original place.
Japanese: 長者が中に収められていた米俵だけでも返してくれと訴えたので、今度は、鉢に乗せた米俵を先頭にし、米俵を数珠繋ぎにして飛ばし、長者のもとまで飛ばす。
English: Ken no Goho' (a child acolyte of Buddhism) flies in the air, rolls the gold ring of Tenrinjo-o (literally, wheel rolling holy king), and then comes Seiryoden, the Emperor's residence, leaving a long, narrow contrail-like cloud behind.
Japanese: 「剣の護法」（童子）が、空を飛び、転輪聖王の金輪を転がし、後ろに飛行機雲のような細長い雲を残して、天皇のいる清涼殿に現れる。
English: Amagimi, the older sister of Myoren, comes all the way from Shinano Province (now Nagano Prefecture), the birth place of Myoren, to Mt. Shigi to see him.
Japanese: 命蓮の生国である信濃国から姉の尼公が、はるばる信貴山まで命蓮を訪ねてやって来る。
English: It depicts Amagimi praying while half asleep before the Great Statue of Buddha of Todai-ji Temple, and this part of the picture is known as the highlight depicted by Ijidozu-ho Method (a compositional method used to show successive events in a single picture).
Japanese: 東大寺の東大寺盧舎那仏像前で祈りかつまどろむ尼公のさまを描いた部分が、異時同図法を用いた圧巻として知られる。