nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The above practice is believed to have derived from 'Yakushiko' (religious meeting of worshipping Yakushi Nyorai) at which people learnt and praised the virtue of Yakushi Nyorai.
Japanese: これは、薬師如来の徳を講讃する「薬師講」に由来すると考えられている。
English: In 'Yakushi ruriko shichibutsu hongan kudokukyo (Shichibutsu Yakushikyo)' translated by Gijo and 'Yakushi Nyorai hongankyo' translated by Daruma Gyuta, original vows and bukkokudo (the land that Buddha has purified) of Shichibutsu, including Yakushi Nyorai, are advocated.
Japanese: 義浄訳「薬師瑠璃光七仏本願功徳経（七仏薬師経）」や達磨笈多訳「薬師如来本願経」では、薬師如来を主体とした七尊の仏の本願と仏国土が説かれる。
English: Tendai Esoteric Buddhism emphasized Shichibutsu Yakushi ho (praying to the seven Yakushi Nyorai), which was believed to have originated by Ennin, as the one which brings about health and safe delivery, and prayer for safe delivery using Shichibutsu Yakushi ho was conducted at the Fujiwara sekkanke (the families which produced regents) in the 8th -9th century.
Japanese: 天台密教では、円仁から始まったとされる七仏薬師法が息災・安産をもたらすとして重要視され、8-9世紀には藤原摂関家で同法による安産祈願が行われた。
English: Konjiki Hokomyogyo Jojuo Nyorai
Japanese: 金色宝光妙行成就王如来（こんじきほうこうみょうぎょうじょうじゅおうにょらい）
English: In Japan where a creed seeking worldly interests was prevalent among people, Yakushi Nyorai scriptures were often produced for the purpose of praying for the healing of diseases.
Japanese: 現世利益的信仰が有力な日本においては、薬師如来は病気平癒などを祈願しての造像例が多い。
English: Along with Amida Nyorai which promises peaceful death, Yakushi Nyorai attracted the most worshippers in Japan.
Japanese: 極楽往生を約束する仏である阿弥陀如来とともに、日本においてはもっとも信仰されてきた如来である。
English: Although the year of 607 is seen in the halo of the seated statue of Yakushi Nyorai enshrined at the main hall of the Horyu-ji Temple in Nara, it is said, judging from the terms used in its inscription and casting technology employed in the production of the statue, that it was actually produced in the late 7th century.
Japanese: 奈良・法隆寺金堂の薬師如来坐像は光背に推古天皇15年（607年）の銘があるが、銘文中の用語や像自体の鋳造技法等から、実際の制作は7世紀後半と言われている。
English: Further, as it is the rare Nyorai that presides over worldly interests, many typical (in charge of praying to defend and maintain the nation) Esoteric Buddhism temples, such as Enryaku-ji Temple, Jingo-ji Temple, To-ji Temple and Kanei-ji Temple, enshrine Yakushi Nyorai as their principal image.
Japanese: また、現世利益を司る数少ない如来である事から、延暦寺、神護寺、東寺、寛永寺のような典型的な(国家護持の祈りを担う)密教寺院においても薬師如来を本尊とするところが多い。
English: (As there are a lot of statues, only those that are famous from the viewpoint of Buddhist sculpture history and those designated as national treasure are listed.)
Japanese: （作例多数につき、国宝指定像のほか、仏教彫刻史上著名な作例を挙げるにとどめる）
English: The statue at Yakushido of the Daigo-ji Temple (Kami Daigo) in Kyoto (the center statue of Yakushi Sanzon, a seated statue, the early Heian period, a national treasure)
Japanese: 京都・醍醐寺（上醍醐）薬師堂像（薬師三尊の中尊、坐像、平安時代前期、国宝）
English: In the Tokugawa period, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the first Shogun, was deified and was called shinkun.
Japanese: 徳川時代、初代将軍徳川家康が神格化され、神君と呼ばれるようになった。
English: Thanks to the work of Buddhist monk Tenkai, Ieyasu was given the posthumous name of 'Tosho Daigongen' by the imperial court and was enshrined at the Toshogu Shrine.
Japanese: 僧天海などの働きもあり、朝廷より、「東照大権現」の名が下され、東照宮に祭祀された。
English: This faith is the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism and according to it, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA is assumed as the temporary figure of Yakushi Nyorai who appeared in Japan while religious service is conducted in the way of Jinja Shinto.
Japanese: この信仰では、徳川家康は薬師如来の仮の姿が日本に現れたものとし、神仏習合の形をとり神社神道形式で祭祀を行う。
English: As Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was believed to have been born after his mother, Odai no kata, prayed to Yakushi Nyorai enshrined at the Horai-ji Temple (Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture) as its principal image, it is also said that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was the reincarnation of Yakushi Nyorai, a principal image of the Horai-ji Temple, who appeared in the human world.
Japanese: また、徳川家康は生母於大の方が鳳来寺（愛知県新城市）の本尊の薬師如来に祈願して誕生したと言われ、徳川家康は鳳来寺（愛知県新城市）の本尊の薬師如来が人間界に現れたものとも言われる。
English: As for the mantra of Yakushi Nyorai, its shoshu is 'on korokoro sendari matougi sowaka' and it coincides with that of Muno Shomyoo.
Japanese: 薬師如来の真言は、小咒が「オン　コロコロ　センダリ　マトウギ　ソワカ」(oMhuruhurucaNDaalimaataGgisvaahaa)であり、これは無能勝明王（ハヤグリーヴァ）の真言と合致する。
English: Its taishu is 'noumo bagyabatei baiseija kuro beiruria haraba arajaya tatagyataya arakatei sanmyakusanbodaya taniyata on baiseizei baiseizei sanborigyatei sowaka' and it appears in Yakusi hongan kudokukyo.
Japanese: 大咒は「ノウモ　バギャバテイ　バイセイジャ　クロ　ベイルリヤ　ハラバ　アラジャヤ　タタギャタヤ　アラカテイ　サンミャクサンボダヤ　タニヤタ　オン　バイセイゼイ　バイセイゼイ　サンボリギャテイ　ソワカ」であり、薬師本願功徳経に説かれている。
English: Yakushi Nyorai's shoshu has the meaning which reflects primitive Indian or Asian customs.
Japanese: 薬師如来の小咒は原始的なインド、ないしアジアの風習を感じさせる意味合いをもつ。
English: The translation of this shoshu is 'omu (sacred voice), remove, Candari, Matangi, achieve (subaha)'.
Japanese: この小咒を訳すと「オーム(聖音)、取り払え、チャンダーリーよ、マータンギーよ、成就せよ（スヴァーハー）」となる。
English: Remove' means removing plague and Candari and Matangi are the female names of a clan that was engaged in slaughter work, but originally they were the names of goddesses that were worshipped by people of lower class.
Japanese: 「取り払え」とは疫病を取り除くこと、チャンダーリーとマータンギーは屠殺を生業とする一族の女性名だが、本来は彼らインドの下層民族の崇めた女神の名でもある。
English: Later, it was deified as the wife of Agni, the god of fire, and became a yell to be used when praying for the achievement of hope while making an offering.
Japanese: 後に神格化されて火神アグニの妻とされ、供物を捧げて願いの成就を祈願する際の掛け声となった。
English: Upper class people despised Candari and Matangi or regarded them as dangerous as the goddesses that were worshipped by dirty people.
Japanese: チャンダーリーやマータンギーは、汚穢の民の崇める女神として、上層階級からは蔑視あるいは危険視されていた。
English: However, it was generally believed that people were able to escape from plagues presided by such a goddess by daring to pray to them.
Japanese: しかし敢えてそんな女神に祈る事で、彼女たちの司る疫病などの災いから逃れられると考えられたのである。
English: In terms of the concept of escaping from plague by chanting mantra to aragami which causes such plague, it has a similar nature with 'Somin shorai' in Japan.
Japanese: 疫病をもたらす荒神に呪文をとなえて逃れるという点は、日本における「蘇民将来」と似た性質をもっている。
English: Juni Shinsho (the 12 protective deities) are tenbu, deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another; they are worshiped and shaped into statues in Buddhism, and are good deities that guard Buddhism.
Japanese: 十二神将（じゅうにしんしょう）は、仏教の信仰・造像の対象である天部の神々で、また護法善神である。
English: They are also called Juni Yashataisho or Juni Shinmyoo and comprise 12 war gods who guard people who believe in the Yakushi-nyorai and Yakushi-kyo sutra.
Japanese: 十二夜叉大将、十二神明王（じゅうに・やしゃたいしょう、しんみょうおう）ともいい、薬師如来および薬師経を信仰する者を守護するとされる12の武神である。
English: It is said that the Juni Shinsho guard each 12 hours of the day and night in accordance with the 12 wishes of Yakushi-nyorai.
Japanese: 十二神将は、薬師如来の12の大願に応じて、昼夜の12時を保護するという。
English: In Japan the life-size statue of Juni Shinsho at Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple in Nara is the oldest, and it is famous for its excellence of form.
Japanese: 日本では奈良・新薬師寺の等身大の十二神将像が、最古の作であるとともに造形的にも優れたものとして名高い。
English: Each name and its corresponding principal image of Buddha and the zodiac follows (although there are a few differences in the letters and sounds, depending on the sutras, but the following names are commonly used).
Japanese: それぞれの名称と対応する本地尊と十二支は次のとおりである（経典によって若干用字や読みが異なるが、ここではもっとも一般的なものを挙げる）。
English: Although the 12 deities' belongings and poses are not necessarily unified, it is nearly impossible to distinguish them only by characters depicted in pictures and statues.
Japanese: 上記12体の持物、ポーズ等は必ずしも統一されたものでなく、図像的特色のみから各像を区別することはほとんど不可能である。
English: In China they have been worshiped in association with the zodiac, and many works in Japan also depict animals of the zodiac above their heads.
Japanese: 中国では十二支と結び付けて信仰され、日本における作例にも頭上に十二支の動物を戴くものが多い。
English: In Japan many statues such as the statue of Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple in Nara (eighth century) in the Nara period have been produced.
Japanese: 日本では奈良時代（8世紀）の奈良・新薬師寺像をはじめ、数多く制作されている。
English: In many cases, at the Buddhist halls where Yakushi-nyorai is placed as the principle image of Buddha, each of six deities is placed on the left and right side of Yakushi-nyorai, or in a line ahead of the Buddhist altar.
Japanese: 多くの場合、薬師如来を本尊とする仏堂において、薬師如来の左右に6体ずつ、あるいは仏壇の前方に横一列に安置される。
English: There are various ways of expression; in one case they are placed around a circular Buddhist altar such as the statues of Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple, and in another case they form a halo or a foundation of the statue of Yakushi-nyorai.
Japanese: 新薬師寺像のように円形の仏壇周囲をぐるりと取り囲んで配置される場合もあり、薬師如来像の光背や台座部分に十二神将を表す場合もあるなど、表現形態はさまざまである。
English: They are shown as war gods, the same as the statues of the Shitenno (four guardian kings), and in many works each of twelve characters is distinguished by its facial expression or pose, and they vary widely as a group.
Japanese: 四天王像などと同様、甲冑を着けた武神の姿で表され、12体それぞれの個性を表情、ポーズなどで彫り分け、群像として変化をつけた作例が多い。
English: The statue of Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple (Nara City, Nara Prefecture) - statue, Nara period; 11 bodies among 12 bodies are national treasures
Japanese: 新薬師寺像（奈良県奈良市）―塑造、奈良時代、12躯のうち11躯が国宝
English: The statue of Keisoku-ji Temple (Kinomoto-cho, Ika-gun, Shiga Prefecture) - mokushin kanshitsu-zukuri, wood-core dry lacquer, currently only three bodies in existence; Heian period
Japanese: 鶏足寺(木之本町)像（滋賀県伊香郡木之本町）―木心乾漆造、3躯のみ現存、平安時代
English: Additionally, as opposed to the above Buddhist scriptures, Juni Tensho, which is used in Rikujinshinka, one of the mantic or shikisen in Onmyo-do, is sometimes incorrectly called Juni Shinsyo.
Japanese: また上記の仏典とは異なり、陰陽道の占術・式占の一つである六壬神課で使用する十二天将も、間違って十二神将と呼ばれることがある。
English: In 'Junisho Shoshuhodaiyon,' the fourth chapter of Senjiryakketsu, written by ABE no Seimei, a famous master of Onmyo-do, things that Juni Tensyo reveal are explained as follows:
Japanese: 陰陽師として名高い安倍晴明が残した占事略决の第4章の「十二将所主法第四」では十二天将が表す事柄について以下のように解説されている。
English: Bishamonten (vaizravaNa in Sanskrit) is a Buddha of the Tenbu, deities who reside in a heavenly realm, this being one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another, in Buddhism.
Japanese: 毘沙門天（びしゃもんてん）、サンスクリットヴァイシュラヴァナ(vaizravaNa)とは、仏教における天部の仏。
English: Additionally, it is not only one of the shitenno but is worshiped individually over a broad region, such as Central Asia and China (other than in Japan).
Japanese: また四天王の一員としてだけでなく、中央アジア、中国など日本以外の広い地域でも、独尊として信仰の対象となっている。
English: The title of vaizravaNa originally meant 'the son of vizravas,' so it originated from his father's name, but it can be interpreted as 'a man who listens very well' so that it is also translated as Tamonten.
Japanese: ヴァイシュラヴァナという称号は本来「ヴィシュラヴァス(vizravas)神の息子」という意味で、彼の父親の名に由来するが、「よく聞く所の者」という意味にも解釈できるため、多聞天(たもんてん)とも訳される。
English: In Japan, when it is shaped as a statue and placed as one of the Shitenno it is usually called 'Tamonten,' but when in the form of a statue and placed individually it is usually called 'Bishamonten.'
Japanese: 日本では四天王の一尊として造像安置する場合は「多聞天」、独尊像として造像安置する場合は「毘沙門天」と呼ぶのが通例である。
English: The mantra (shingon) for Bishamonten is 'On Beishiramanayasowaka (oM vaizravaNaaya svaahaa, that is, om (saintly sound), the son of vizravas, svaahaa), etc.
Japanese: 毘沙門天に捧げられた真言としては「オンベイシラマナヤソワカ」(oMvaizravaNaayasvaahaa『オーム(聖音)、ヴィシュラヴァスの御子よ。スヴァーハー』)等がある。
English: Although there are various figures (as below), in Japan it is generally expressed as a warrior figure of the Tang dynasty that dons leather armor.
Japanese: その姿には様々な表現があるが(後述)、日本では一般に革製の甲冑を身に着けた唐代の武将風の姿で表される。
English: For example, in the Ryokai Mandala (Mandala of the Two Realms) of Mikkyo, it is drawn as a figure that has a treasure club in the right hand and a pagoda in the left hand and is wearing armor.
Japanese: 例えば密教の両界曼荼羅では甲冑に身を固めて右手は宝棒、左手は宝塔を捧げ持つ姿で描かれる。
English: However, the Shitenno statue in Todai-ji Temple Kaidan-do is shaped as a figure that has a pagoda in the right hand and a treasure club in the left hand.
Japanese: ただし、東大寺戒壇堂の四天王像では右手に宝塔を捧げ持ち、左手で宝棒を握る姿で造像されている。
English: During the process that was transmitted to China through Central Asia, the faith as a war god was created and it came to be a guardian deity as one of the Shitenno.
Japanese: 中央アジアを経て中国に伝わる過程で武神としての信仰が生まれ、四天王の一尊たる武神・守護神とされるようになった。
English: Additionally, as a following of Taishakuten it is said to live in Tengyo-jo Castle of Suishota, which is the north of Mt. Shumisen (Mt. Sumeru) or to guard Hokkurushu (uttara-kuru), one of the four continents in the world view of ancient India.
Japanese: そして帝釈天の配下として、仏の住む世界を支える須弥山の北方、水精埵の天敬城に住み、或いは古代インドの世界観で地球上にあるとされた4つの大陸のうち北倶盧洲（ほっくるしゅう）を守護するとされる。
English: In Japan it is one of the seven deities of good luck as a unique faith and is revered because it seems to benefit games especially.
Japanese: また日本独自の信仰として七福神の一尊とされ、特に勝負事に利益ありとして崇められる。
English: There is another work that has a trident: for example, the statue at Mimuroto-ji Temple in Kyoto does not have a pagoda but a trident in one hand and places the other hand on his hip.
Japanese: ほかに三叉戟を持つ造形例もあり、例えば京都・三室戸寺像などは宝塔を持たず片手を腰に当て片手に三叉戟を持つ姿である。
English: In the folk faith of China it is expressed as a figure that has a green face with an umbrella in the right hand and a silver mouse in the left hand.
Japanese: また、中国の民間信仰に於いては緑色の顔で右手に傘、左手に銀のネズミを持った姿で表される。
English: In Tibetan Buddhism it is expressed as a figure that has a mongoose who disgorges gold, silver and jewels, thus maintaining the character of a treasure god in India.
Japanese: チベット仏教では金銀宝石を吐くマングースを持つ姿で表され、インドでの財宝神としての性格を残している。
English: The styles of placement are as follows: a triad style in which Bishamonten is placed at the center with Kyoji (attendant figures) of Kisshoten (Kichijoten, Sri-mahadevi, who is said to a wife of the sister of Bishamonten) and Zennishi-doji (who is said to be a son of Bishamonten) (Kurama Temple in Kyoto, Sekkei-ji Temple in Kochi, and so on); a style that places a pair of Bishamonten with Kisshoten (the statue of Horyuji Temple Kondo (法隆寺金堂) in Nara); and a style that places a pair of Bishamonten with Fudo Myoo (the statue of Koyasan Kongobuji Temple and so on).
Japanese: 安置形態としては、毘沙門天を中尊とし、吉祥天（毘沙門天の妃または妹とされる）と善膩師童子（ぜんにしどうじ。毘沙門天の息子の一人とされる）を脇侍とする三尊形式の像（京都・鞍馬寺、高知・雪蹊寺など）、毘沙門天と吉祥天を一対で安置するもの（奈良・法隆寺金堂像など）、毘沙門天と不動明王を一対として安置するもの（高野山金剛峯寺像など）がある。
English: Additionally, in the temples of the Tendai sect it is often seen that Senju Kannon is placed at the center and Bishamonten and Fudo Myoo are placed at its sides (Myoo-in Temple in Shiga, Bujo-ji Temple in Kyoto).
Japanese: また、天台宗系の寺院では、千手観音を中尊として両脇に毘沙門天・不動明王を安置することも多い（滋賀・明王院像、京都・峰定寺像など）。
English: There are many works of Tamonten statues that guard the north (the back of the dais for a Buddhist image on the observer's right) as being among the Shitenno.
Japanese: 四天王の1体として北方（須弥壇上では向かって右奥）を護る多聞天像の作例も数多い。
English: The figure is nearly the same as an individual Bishamonten statue but often has a pagoda in one hand.
Japanese: その姿は独尊の毘沙門天像と特に変わるところはないが、左右いずれかの手に宝塔を捧げ持つ像が多い。
English: Designated works from the nation are Tamonten statues among the Shitenno statues at Todai-ji Temple Kaidan-do, Joruri-ji Temple in Kyoto, Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara.
Japanese: 国宝指定品としては東大寺戒壇堂、京都・浄瑠璃寺、奈良・興福寺などの四天王像中の多聞天像がある。
English: In China it was mixed with Risei (Li Jing), a warrior at the beginning of the Tang who was respected as a war god, which led to the creation of the god Takutori-tenno.
Japanese: 中国では、軍神と称えられた唐代初期の武将李靖と習合し、托塔李天王(たくとうりてんのう。単に托塔天王とも)という尊格が生まれた。
English: This Takutori-tenno is today thought of as a god other than Tamonten among the Shitenno and as a kind of shogun of gods who led the Shitenno, including Tamonten.
Japanese: この托塔李天王は、現在では四天王の多聞天とは別の神と考えられ、むしろ多聞天も含めた四天王を率いる神々の将軍とされている。
English: This is Takutori-tenno, described as father of Nata-taishi in "Journey to West" and Risei in Feng-Shen-Yen-I.
Japanese: ナタ太子の父として描かれる『西遊記』の托塔李天王、封神演義の李靖がこれである。
English: As mentioned above, while Tamonten of the Shitenno is shown as a figure that has an umbrella, Takutori-tenno is shown as a warrior figure that has a pagoda.
Japanese: 前述の通り四天王の多聞天は傘などを持った姿で表されるが、托塔李天王は宝塔を持った武将の姿で表される。
English: It wears armor knitted from chains (Kinsako (金鎖甲), and protective gear called Ebigote (海老籠手) over the arms, as well as a coronet on the head.
Japanese: 金鎖甲（きんさこう）という鎖を編んで作った鎧を着し、腕には海老籠手（えびごて）と呼ぶ防具を着け筒状の宝冠を被る。
English: Its belongings are a pagoda in the left hand and a treasure club or ji in the right hand, which is clearly exotic.
Japanese: 持物は左手に宝塔、右手に宝棒または戟で、見るからに異国風の像である。
English: Additionally, it stands on Chitennyo and two devils (Niranba and Biranba) instead of Jaki.
Japanese: また、邪鬼ではなく地天女及び二鬼(尼藍婆、毘藍婆)の上に立つ姿である。
English: It is generally said that 'Tobatsu (兜跋)' means Western 兜跋 country (Turfan at present), which is based on a legend that Bishamonten appeared in this place with this figure.
Japanese: 「兜跋」とは西域兜跋国、即ち現在のトゥルファンとする説が一般的で、ここに毘沙門天がこの姿で現れたという伝説に基づく。
English: The figures of statues are clarified into two: the one that faithfully emulates the statue of To-ji Temple (the statue of Nara National Museum, the statue of Seiryo-ji Temple in Kyoto) and the other, which is nearly the same as the usual Bishamonten statue except that it stands on both hands of Chitennyo (Narushima Bishamon-do in Iwate, etc.).
Japanese: 像容は、東寺像を忠実に模刻したもの（奈良国立博物館像、京都・清凉寺像など）と、地天女の両手の上に立つ以外は通例の毘沙門天像と変わらないもの（岩手・成島毘沙門堂像など）とがある。
English: Since the Kamakura period it has come to mean the high-class temple itself, or in other words the status of the temple, and those temples have come to be called Monzeki temples.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代以降は位階の高い寺院そのもの、つまり寺格を指すようになり、それらの寺院を門跡寺院と呼ぶようになった。
English: It was in the beginning that Emperor Uda became priest and lived in Ninna-ji Temple (therefore called Omuro-gosho), and came to be called Omuro-Monzeki.
Japanese: 宇多天皇が出家して仁和寺に入室し御室御所と称し、御室門跡となったのが始まりである。
English: Since around the beginning of the Kamakura period, children of the Imperial Family and the sekke (the line of regents and advisers) came to be priests at specific temples.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代初期頃からは皇族や摂家等の子弟が特定の寺院に出家するようになる。
English: The children had a Shoen (i.e. a manor) and came to take control of accepted temples by political power due to their economic power so that they ultimately came to succeed each monryu.
Japanese: 子弟らは荘園を所有しておりその経済力を背景とした政治力をもって、受け入れた寺院内の支配権を掌握するようになり、各門流を継承するようになった。
English: This became a custom, and soon 'Monzeki' itself was changed to mean the title of the specific temples to which people from the 'nobility' succeeded.
Japanese: これらが慣例化してやがて、「門跡」自体が「貴族」出身者によって継承される特定の院家・寺院を指す称号へと変化した。
English: During the Muromachi period, 'Monzeki,' as the status of a temple, was established so that the post of Monzeki bugyo (shogunate administrator, 門跡奉行) to govern Monzeki temples was assigned by the Muromachi shogunate.
Japanese: そして室町時代になると、寺格としての「門跡」が確立し、室町幕府には、門跡寺院に関する政務を執る門跡奉行が置かれた。
English: Additionally, the Edo shogunate institutionalized the monzeki through the clarification of miya-monzeki (temples headed by imperial princes, 宮門跡), sekke-monzeki (temples headed by the sekke families, 摂家門跡), seiga-monzeki (temples headed by the seiga families, 清華門跡), kubo-monzeki (公方門跡) or buke-monzki (武家門跡, temples headed by military families), jun-monzeki (准門跡) or waki-monzeki (脇門跡), etc.
Japanese: さらに江戸幕府では、宮門跡、摂家門跡、清華門跡、公方門跡（武家門跡）、准門跡（脇門跡）などに区分して制度化した。
English: The thirteen temples of Rinno-ji, Myoho-in, Shogo-in, Shoko-in, Shoren-in, Sanzen-in, Manju-in, Bishamon-do, Enman-in, Ninna-ji, Daikaku-ji, Kaju-ji and Chion-in
Japanese: 輪王寺、妙法院、聖護院、照高院、青蓮院、三千院、曼珠院、毘沙門堂、円満院、仁和寺、大覚寺、勧修寺、知恩院の13寺院のこと。
English: In fact, only the Imperial Prince could enter the three monzeki of Rinno-ji Temple, Ninna-ko Temple and Daikaku-ji Temple, while children from the sekke could enter the other monzeki.
Japanese: 実際には親王家に限って入寺するのは輪王寺・仁和寺・大覚寺の3門跡で、その他は摂家からも入寺することができた。
English: This is a generic term for Higashi-Hongwan-ji Temple, Nishi-Hongwan-ji Temple, Bukko-ji Temple, Senju-ji Temple and Kosho-ji Temple, which are defined as being second to the monzeki in the Jodo Shinshu sect.
Japanese: 浄土真宗で門跡に准ぜられた東本願寺、西本願寺、佛光寺、専修寺、興正寺の総称。
English: The sect Hong gwan-ji-ha is one of the Jodo Shinshu sects.
Japanese: 浄土真宗本願寺派（じょうどしんしゅうほんがんじは）は、浄土真宗の一派。
English: The head temple is Nishi Hongwan-ji Temple, which began from Otani Byodo (the present Otani Mausoleum), a grave of Shinran, the founder of the sect.
Japanese: 宗祖親鸞聖人の墓所である大谷廟堂（現・大谷本廟）を発祥とする西本願寺（西本願寺）を本山とする。
English: The believers number approximately 6,940,000, which is the largest among Jodo Shinshu sects (Shinshu sects) and among Buddhist religious corporations as well.
Japanese: 信者数約694万人は浄土真宗（真宗）の各宗派中最大であり、また、仏教系の宗教法人の中でも最大数を誇っている。
English: At the beginning of the Meiji period, it had a governmental system of legislative process (shukai) and administration (shumusho), thus emulating the system of separation of the powers in Western countries.
Japanese: 明治時代の初期に西欧の三権分立をまね立法（宗会）・行政（宗務所）による施策決定システムを持った。
English: The twenty-second Kozui OTANI, a monshu (Honganji-ha head priest) who had great power, made efforts to send an Otani exploration party to engage in missionary work abroad and educate students, but the cost brought Hongwan-ji Temple's finances to the point of crisis, so Kyonyo was forced to retire.
Japanese: 絶大な権力を持つ本願寺派門主の第22世大谷光瑞は、大谷探検隊を送ったり、海外布教や、学生の教育に力を尽くしたが、それらの大きな費用負担が本願寺の財政を危機に陥れたため、鏡如は門主引退に追い込まれた。
English: In order to avoid another crisis, Hongwan-ji-ha deemed it necessary to limit the power of the monshu (the Otani family).
Japanese: 本願寺派は再び危機を招かぬように、門主大谷家の権限を制限することを決定した。
English: Monshu is the chief priest of Hongwan-ji Temple and a person who 'succeeds the light of Buddhism integrates this sect and directs duties (宗務)' (Article 6 of the sect law), and the representative of religious cooperation is Shumu-socho, who is elected at the shukai (representative assembly) (among Shinshu sects, but only Hongwan-ji-ha calls it socho).
Japanese: 門主は本願寺住職という地位と共に「法灯を伝承して、この宗門を統一し、宗務を統裁する」（宗法第6条）と定められており、法人を代表するのは宗会（議会）で選出された宗務総長である（真宗各派の中で本願寺派のみ総長と呼称する）。
English: It was in 1877 when the name of the sect was formally established as the Jodo Shinshu sect Hongwan-ji-ha.
Japanese: 浄土真宗本願寺派という宗名が正式に定められたのは1877年（明治10年）。
English: The head temple, Hongwan-ji Temple, is also called 'Nishi Hongwan-ji Temple' generally or is called 'Hompa Hongwan-ji Temple' in the sense of Hongwan-ji-ha.
Japanese: 本山の本願寺も、一般的に「西本願寺」と呼ばれたり、本願寺派という意味で「本派本願寺」と呼ばれる。
English: In order to distinguish it from the Jodo Shinshu sect Hongwan-ji-ha (commonly called 'Onishi-san,' 'Hompa' or 'Nishi Hongwan-ji Temple'), it is called 'Ohigashi-san,' 'O-ha' 'Tani-ha' and so on.
Japanese: 浄土真宗本願寺派（通称「お西さん」、「本派」、「西本願寺」）との区別の便宜上、「お東さん」、「大派」、「谷派」等と呼ばれる。
English: Shin-shu Honbyo, the head temple, is commonly called 'Higashi-Hongwan-ji Temple' after the split of the east and west for the same reason.
Japanese: 本山の真宗本廟も、同様の理由により、本願寺の東西分派以降、「東本願寺」と通称されている。
English: This summary extracts and cites the "Religious Corporation 'Shinshu Sect Otani-ha' Rules," which are made public based on the Religious Corporation Act, and the "Shinshu Sect Otani-ha Shuken (Constitution of Sect, 宗憲) ("Shuken" in the following), which is defined as the supreme rule in its Article 3.
Japanese: この概要は、宗教法人法に基づき公示されている『宗教法人「真宗大谷派」規則』と、その第3条に最高規程に定められている『真宗大谷派宗憲（以下、宗憲）』からの抜粋・引用。
English: All people who believe in the sect make efforts to review the teachings of the Jodo Shinshu sect, by each person constantly, and confirm it with others, and continuously practice the social life toward attainment of the Buddhist paradise of Amitabha Buddha.
Japanese: すべて宗門に属する者は、常に自信教人信（一人ひとりにおいて浄土真宗の教えを常に受け止め直し、それを他の人とともに確かめてゆくこと）の誠を尽くし、同朋社会の顕現（ともに阿弥陀仏の浄土に向かって歩む社会生活を実践し続けること）に努める。
English: The Shin-shu Honbyo (mausoleum) in which a picture of the sect's founder Shinran is placed, is an important place for all followers of the sect to confirm the teachings on which they depend, so that all followers of the sect have to revere and guard this, being combined equally with the doctrine.
Japanese: 宗祖親鸞聖人の真影を安置する真宗本廟は、宗門に属するすべての人の帰依処（依り所となる教えを確かめる大切な場所）であるから、宗門人はひとしく宗門と一体としてこれを崇敬護持する。
English: The management of the sect is based on open discussions by all Doho (followers) without permitting anyone's tyranny.
Japanese: 宗門の運営は、何人の専横専断をも許さず、あまねく同朋の公議公論に基づいて行う。