nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Kodo' leads to Mizugamoto where once Taishi-do (a sacred place for Priest Kobo-daishi) was built (refer to "Meguri") and to Machi-daira where once had a legend of Otonomiya and ruins of a house surrounded with a stone wall (refer to "Meguri"), after that the road descends to the bank of Jinno-gawa River at Shimoyamaguchi near Mitadani Bridge.
Japanese: 古道からは大師堂があったと伝えられる（『めぐり』）水ヶ元、大塔宮伝説や石垣をめぐらせた屋敷跡がある（『めぐり』）待平を経て、三田谷橋近くの下山口で神納川のほとりに降りる。
English: Obako Pass is the highest point of Kohechi (1220 meters above sea level).
Japanese: 伯母子峠（おばことうげ）は小辺路の最高地点（標高1220メートル）である。
English: There is a guidepost engraved as it was constructed in 1917 and on the back engraved as 'Kumano Road immediately after crossing Totsu-kawa River.'
Japanese: 大正6年（1917年）の建立と刻銘された道標があり、裏面には「スグ十津川ヲ経テ熊野道」とある。
English: On this guidepost engraved the names of donators including Yoshiaki TAMAKI, a forester of Oritachi (Totsukawa Village) and Umanosuke IKEO mentioned above.
Japanese: この道標には寄進者の名が刻まれており、十津川村折立の林業家であった玉置義章と前述の池尾馬之介の名がある。
English: Uenishi-ato (ruins of the Uenishi house) is a trace of the inn along a major road, managed by the Uenishi family until about the Meiji era.
Japanese: 上西跡（うえにしあと、資料によっては「植西跡」「上西家跡」とも）は、明治頃まで街道宿を営んでいた上西家の遺構。
English: There are a stone wall one meter high along the old road, a flat area 20 meters by 20 meters, a windbreak and a trace of a garden.
Japanese: 古道に沿った高さ1メートルほどの石垣、20メートル×20メートルの平坦地、防風のための屋敷林や畑跡が残されている。
English: There was a residence with a frontage of about 10.92 meters and a depth of about 10.92 meters in the Meiji period and the last residents lived until the early Showa period.
Japanese: 明治の頃には間口9間・奥行6間の豪邸があり、最後の住人が昭和初めまで住んでいたという。
English: From Sugikiyo, the road goes down along Jinno-gawa River, crosses a bridge over the river near a primary school of Imoze, and goes to Miura-guchi which is the entrance of Miura Pass.
Japanese: 三浦峠登り口の三浦口へは杉清から神納川沿いに下流に向かい、五百瀬の小学校近くの橋で川を渡る。
English: At the north of Miura Pass, there are two natural stone guideposts; the one is about 2725 meters away from the river, and another is about 3270 meters away from the river.
Japanese: 三浦峠北側には2点の自然石道標が知られており、それぞれ川から25町(単位)および30丁のところにある。
English: From Miura Pass, the road goes down through a wood lot and passes through the remains of Koyagura (an old watchtower) which was recorded in "Seiryoki."
Japanese: 三浦峠からは植林地の中を下り、『清良記』にも登場する古矢倉の跡を通り過ぎる。
English: And the road (the old road) meets a new road which is considered to have been built in the middle of the 18th century, the old road extends to the left, passes beside Kannon-do (a temple dedicated to Kannon), and descends to Nishinaka-Otani near Nishi-kawa River, a branch of Togtsu-kawa River.
Japanese: 18世紀中頃に作られたと見られる新道と古道の分岐点を左にとって古道を進むと、観音堂の傍を過ぎ、十津川の支流・西川のほとりの西中大谷に降り立つ。
English: From this point, the old road seems to have been incorporated in National Highway 425, therefore the old road is unclear except for few sections such as the section around Otsu-goe.
Japanese: ここからの古道は国道425号に飲み込まれたと見え、大津越え近辺の区間などのわずかな部分を除けば古道の道筋は不明確である。
English: The road goes through near the village of Yagimoto which once had ferries and inns, and leads to the last pass on Kohechi, Hatenashi Pass.
Japanese: 小辺路の最後の峠である果無峠へは、かつて渡しや宿場があった柳本（やぎもと）の集落近くからとり付く。
English: Across Nishi-kawa River, in Warabio there was a ferry for the boats which carried goods from Shingu for woodcutters in the mountains (refer to "Meguri").
Japanese: 西川をはさんで対岸の蕨尾には新宮からの舟着場があり、山中で働く杣人のための物資を運んでいた（『めぐり』）。
English: Although travelers could use such boats, most pilgrims crossed Hatenashi Pass by foot.
Japanese: この舟を旅人も利用できたが、ほとんどの参詣者は果無峠を越えたという。
English: The section of Hatenashi Pass was used not only by pilgrims but also by local people as community road.
Japanese: 果無峠を越える道は参詣者だけでなく、地元の人々の生活道路としても使われていた。
English: A road named 'Nanairo Yokote' road was built from Warabio to Nanairo in the first year of the Meiji era, however it was seldom used because it was a dangerous path along a cliff.
Japanese: 蕨尾から七色（なないろ）にかけては明治初年に七色横手（なないろよこて）という道が開かれたが、断崖沿いの危難な道であるため、ほとんど使われなかったという。
English: Hatenashi Pass was disused when air propeller boats were introduced between Shingu and Oritachi in 1921.
Japanese: 果無峠が使われなくなり始めるのは、1921年（大正10年）に新宮と折立を結ぶプロペラ船が就航してからのことである。
English: Many years after that, National Highway 168 from Gojo was extended to the south of Yagimoto, and when the road finally connected to Hongu-cho with the electric power development in the 30's of the Showa era, Hatenashi Pass ended the role as a community road.
Japanese: 五条からの国道168号線が柳本以南へ開通するのはさらに遅れ、昭和30年代の電源開発とともにようやく本宮町まで陸路がつながると、果無峠は生活道としての役割を終えることとなった。
English: On this slope, there were two kanjinsho (offices for raising funds) for the construction of the road, and they collected transit duty from passersby for the maintenance of the stone pavement.
Japanese: この上り坂にはかつて道作りの勧進所が2ヶ所設けられており、通行人から通行税を募っては石畳の整備に充てたという。
English: The road passes through Hatenashi Village and immediately above the village it reaches the 30th Kannon-zo (a statue of Kannon) of Saigoku Sanjusan-sho.
Japanese: 果無集落を通り抜け、集落のすぐ上部で西国三十三箇所第三十番の観音像に出会う。
English: This statue is one of Sanjusan Kannon-zo (thirty-three statues of Kannon) which were built along the old road; the 1st Kannon-zo is located at Yagio, Hongu-cho and the 33rd Kannon-zo is located at Ichizako, Totsukawa Village.
Japanese: この観音像は、十津川村櫟砂古（いちざこ）の第三十三番から、本宮町八木尾の第一番まで古道沿いに配されている三十三観音像のひとつである。
English: After entering the mountain, a gentle ascent extends and leads to ruins of Yamaguchi-jaya Teahouse at the left.
Japanese: 山道に入ると緩やかな上り坂が続き、やがて古道左手に山口茶屋跡が見えてくる。
English: It is considered to be the ruins of the teahouse which was described as 'forty-chome teahouse' in "Meguri" and as 'about 3.927 kilometers up from Yanaimoto' in "Guidebook," and there still remains a trace of a stone wall.
Japanese: 『めぐり』に「四十丁目茶屋」、『案内記』に「やない本より壱里上り」と記された場所と考えられており、石垣の跡がある。
English: Beside Kannon-do, there is the 20th Kannon-zo, after that, the road goes down a steep slope to Hatenashi Pass.
Japanese: 観音堂の傍らの第二十番観音像を横目に急な登りをたどり、果無峠に着く。
English: Hatenashi Pass (1,114 meters above sea level) is a small flat area which old road meets on the middle of the ridge of the Hatenashi Mountain Range, and there remain a half-damaged Hokyoin-to (Buddhist stupa) and the 17th Kannon-zo.
Japanese: 果無峠（はてなしとうげ、標高1114メートル）は、果無山脈の尾根を古道が横切る小平坦地で、半壊した法筐印塔と第十七番観音像がある。
English: Before meeting the 15th Kannon-zo, there is an open space which was described as 'Hanaori-jaya Teahouse' in "Meguri," however today there remains only Rokuji-no-myogo Kuyoto (a stone monument engraved a prayer to Buddha).
Japanese: 第十五番観音の手前には開けた土地があり、『めぐり』に「花折茶屋」と記された場所であるが、その名残は六字名号供養塔のみである。
English: It is said that this was a remain of a teahouse built by villagers of Nanairo Village down the mountain and also called Haccho-jaya Teahouse because it was haccho (about 872 meters) away from the pass.
Japanese: これは下方の七色集落の人が茶屋を出した跡だと言われ、峠から八丁の距離にあることから八丁茶屋とも呼ばれた。
English: There is a stone pillar for indicating the boundary of 'Nanairo-ryo' (the territory of Nanairo) at the right of the old road, and it is said there was also a teahouse run by residents of Nanairo.
Japanese: 古道右手には「七色領」の境界石柱があり、ここにも七色の人が営む茶屋があったという。
English: In the early-modern period, some pilgrims used boats from Yagio to Hongu-taisha Shrine (refer to "Meguri").
Japanese: 近世には八木尾から本宮大社まで、舟で向かう例も見られた（『めぐり』）。
English: After going from Yagio to Kuki via Hagi, around Kuki the old road starts again and goes up to join Nakahechi at the remains of Sangen-jaya Teahouse of Nakanodaira.
Japanese: 八木尾から萩を経て九鬼の辺りから旧道を登り、仲ノ平の三軒茶屋跡にて中辺路と合流する。
English: There is a stone guidepost shaped like a shogi piece at the joint with Nakahechi, and it is reported that there were a checkpoint and a teahouse.
Japanese: 中辺路との合流点には駒形の石造道標があり、関所や茶屋があったと伝えられている。
English: It takes little time to reach Hongu-taisha Shrine soon after ascending the slope from the joint.
Japanese: ここからの登り坂を越えれば、本宮大社まではあとわずかの道のりである。
English: There are gentle (almost even) slopes halfway up the Kii Mountains, and they are considered to be traces that the Kii Mountains was once a upheaval semi-plain in terms of geology.
Japanese: 紀伊山地には、山の中腹部に平坦に近い緩斜面が見られることがあり、地質的には紀伊山地がかつて隆起準平原であったときの名残と考えられている。
English: It is a group of thirty-three Kannon-zo (statues of Kannon) located along the sections of mountain; it starts at Yagio, Hongu-cho (the 1st), stops by Hatenashi Pass (the 17th) and by Hatenashi Village (the 30th), and ends at Ichiizako (the 33rd).
Japanese: 本宮町八木尾を起点（第一番）とし、果無峠（第十七番）、果無集落（第三十番）を経て櫟砂古の第三十三番まで、山道沿いに配されている観音像群。
English: Those Kannon-zo of Saigoku Sanjusan-sho were built by the donation by the believers in Totsukawa, Shingu and Hongu in 1922 to 1923.
Japanese: 西国三十三箇所の観音の像を、十津川・新宮・本宮の信者たちが1922年（大正11年）からに1923年（大正12年）にかけて寄進・造立したもの。
English: They have Funagata-kohai (boat-shaped halo) and were carved in the style of hanniku-bori (mezzo-rilievo) or atsuniku-bori (deep-engraving), on each halo engraved the name of the fuda-sho (temple) and the name of the Kannon, and on each pedestal engraved the date of the erection and the names of donators.
Japanese: 舟形光背に半肉彫りないし厚肉彫りの観音像が彫られており、光背には札所と観音名、台石には造立年月日と施主が刻銘されている。
English: This Kannon-do of hogyo-zukuri style faces south on a flat area (13.7 meters by 9.5 meters) with a stone wall around it, and three stone statues are placed in it.
Japanese: 13.7メートル×9.5メートルの石垣をめぐらせた平坦地に、南向きに建てられた宝形造りの観音堂があり、石仏3体が祀られている。
English: The left statue is a standing statue of Thousand Armed Kannon (boat-shaped halo, stone, hanniku-bori); the middle statue is a seated figure of Hijiri Kannon (stone, maru-bori [three dimensional sculpture]); the right statue is a seated figure of Fudo-myoo (Acala, one of the Five Wisdom Kings) (flame-shaped halo, stone, atsuniku-bori); and they have worn away.
Japanese: 石仏は左から順に千手観音立像（舟形光背石造半肉彫）、聖観音坐像（石造丸彫）、不動明王坐像（火焔光背石造厚肉彫）だが摩滅が著しい。
English: The Kii Mountains belongs to the outer zone of the south of the medial line that divides the western Japan into the north part and the south part, and it is formed of mainly the mountain ranges which run from north to south including the Omine Mountain Range that rises at the middle of the Kii Mountains, the Obako Mountain Range that rises at the west of the Omine Mountain Range and at the opposite side of Totsu-kawa River which separates from Omine, and the Daiko Mountain Range that rises at the east side of Kitayama-gawa River which separates from Omine as well.
Japanese: 紀伊山地は西日本を南北に二分する中央構造線以南の外帯に属し、南北方向に走る山脈、すなわち、紀伊山地中央にそびえる大峯山脈、十津川を挟んで大峯山脈の西側の伯母子山脈、北山川を挟んで東側の台高山脈を軸とする。
English: These mountain ranges are influenced by the geological structure that extends east and west, and derives and crosses a lot of mountain ranges including the Hatenashi Mountain Range and the Oto mountains which run east and west.
Japanese: さらに、これらの山脈は、東西方向に走る地質構造に影響されて、果無山脈、大塔山地といった東西方向に走る山脈を多数派生・交差させながら発達している。
English: Among those mountains of the Kii Mountains, Kohechi goes across the western mountains such as the Obako Mountain Range and the Hatenashi Mountain Range.
Japanese: 小辺路が越えて行くのは、これら紀伊山地の山々のうち伯母子山脈・果無山脈といった西部の山々である。
English: The Kii Mountains was formed by the upheaval in the Quaternary period and has characteristics of mature mountains with many steep slopes, uphills and downhills.
Japanese: 紀伊山地は第四紀に隆起して形成された山地で、急斜面が多く起伏の大きい壮年期山地の特徴を示している。
English: There are meandering rivers, cut-off spurs and great v-shaped valleys formed by the rivers in the mountains; valley plains and fluvial terraces are poorly developed while a lot of flat areas are found on the tops and sides of mountains.
Japanese: 山々の間には、著しい蛇行を示す河川と、その作用で形成された環流丘陵や雄大なV字谷が見られ、谷底低地や河岸段丘の発達は乏しいが、その一方で山頂や山腹に平坦面が多数見られる。
English: These were formed by erosion by the rivers that kept its meandering stream which had been already fixed on the level lands before the upheaval of the mountains began.
Japanese: これらは、山地の隆起以前、平地を蛇行していた頃の流路をそのまま保った川による侵食によって形成されたものである。
English: The mountains that Kohechi crosses have a constant height of ridge lines, from 1100 to 1300 meters, with some exceptions.
Japanese: 小辺路が越えてゆく山々は、いくらかの例外があるものの、1100から1300メートルとおおよそ稜線高が一定し、定高性を示している。
English: This indicates that the upheaval semi-plain of the Kii Mountains was formed by erosion by rivers.
Japanese: このことは、紀伊山地の隆起準平原が河川に浸食されて形成された過程を示している。
English: The zonation that extends east and west is very clear; from north to south there extend Sanbagawa Belt, Chichibu Belt and Shimanto Belt, the northernmost belt is the oldest and the southernmost belt is the youngest; and around the belts are Tanabe Group and Kumano Group which were formed in the Cenozoic era.
Japanese: 東西方向の帯状配列が顕著で、北から南に向かって三波川帯、秩父帯、四万十帯と古から新へ配列し、その周辺に新生代の田辺層群および熊野層群が分布する。
English: As described above, the mountain ranges that stretch east to west are influenced by such geological structures while the mountain ranges that stretch south and north have continuous geology with few dislocations and some rolling deformations by the pressure from the east and the west.
Japanese: 前述のように、東西方向に走る山脈はこうした地質構造に支配されており、一方、南北方向に走る山脈には東西方向からの圧力による波状変形が見られるが、断層は乏しく、地質は連続的である。
English: As for the water system, great v-shaped valleys and meandering rivers with great flections draw attention as described above.
Japanese: 水系を見ると、前述のように、雄大なV字谷と著しい屈曲を示す蛇行河川が注目される。
English: The v-shaped valley along Jinno-gawa River, a branch of Totsu-kawa River, is particularly well developed among the rivers in the Kii Mountains, the distance between ridge lines on both sides is 10 kilometers, the depth is more than 500 meters, the vertical drop from Kawatsu which is a joint of Jinno-gawa River and the main stream of Totsu-kawa River to the divide is more than 1,000, however it does not have great flections.
Japanese: 特に十津川支流の神納川のV字谷は、紀伊山地の中でも発達が著しいもので両側の稜線間の距離は10キロメートル、深さは500メートル以上、神納川と十津川本流との合流点である川津から分水嶺までの標高差は1000メートル以上に及ぶが蛇行はさほどではない。
English: It is considered that the small flections had been eroded by the upheaval which is still on the move.
Japanese: これは隆起が今も進行中であることが小さな屈曲を打ち消したものと考えられている。
English: Among the branches of Totsu-kawa River, Yu-kawa River, Kawarabi-gawa River and Nishi-kawa River which is a branch of Yu-kawa River have many small flections of a radius of 100 to 500 meters.
Japanese: 十津川の支流のなかでも湯川や川原樋川、また、湯川の支流である西川は半径100メートルから500メートルの小さな屈曲を頻繁に繰り返している。
English: It is noteworthy that the main stream of Totsu-kawa River has no sharp flections like those which are found in Yu-kawa River and Nishi-kawa River.
Japanese: 十津川本流でも蛇行は見られるものの湯川や西川ほどの急な屈曲の蛇行は見られず、注目に値する。
English: The omega-shaped lands surrounded by such flections usually form cut-off hills, however, some places like are re-formed by people to built short paths of water for the prevention of flood.
Japanese: こうした屈曲にΩ字状に囲まれた土地は環流丘陵を構成するが、水害防止の観点から水路を短絡させる工事が行われている箇所もある。
English: The meanderings of the rivers are considered to be traces of the stream which had been formed on the upheaval semi-plains.
Japanese: このような河川蛇行は、隆起準平原上にあった河川流路の名残と考えられる。
English: A lot of geographical features which seem to be traces of such upheaval semi-plain are found around Kohechi.
Japanese: この種の隆起準平原の名残と見られる地形が、小辺路周辺には多く見られる。
English: As for creatures, especially fish, in the water system, "Washu Yoshino-gun Gunzanki" written by Tomoari MINAMOTO in the Kowa era (the later Edo period) lists five kinds of fish including Japanese char (locally called kirikuchi), ayu (sweetfish), red spotted masu trout (landlocked masu salmon) and eel; after that, plenty of investigations and studies has been conducted on freshwater fish in Totsu-kawa River and its branches.
Japanese: 水系に産する生物、特に魚類については、源伴存の『和州吉野郡群山記』（弘化年間）がイワナ（地方名キリクチ）、アユ、アマゴ（ヤマメ）、ウナギの5種を記載して以来、十津川とその支流に見られる淡水魚について、多くの調査研究が行われてきた。
English: Japanese char likes cold water and the upstream part of Totsu-kawa River is considered to be the southern limit of its habitat.
Japanese: イワナは冷涼な水系を好む種であり、十津川水系上流部は南限にあたると考えられる。
English: The mountain stream at the most upstream of Kawarabi-gawa River that Kohechi crosses is commonly called kirikuchi-dani (kirikuchi valley) and kirikuchi living in this stream was registered as a natural treasure of Nara Prefecture in 1962.
Japanese: 小辺路が横切る川原樋川の最上流部渓流は民俗名をキリクチ谷といい、この渓流に棲息するキリクチは1962年（昭和37年）に奈良県天然記念物に指定された。
English: The mountainous region of the south of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to the continental highland climate or oceanic highland climate influenced by the Pacific Ocean, and it is on the path of typhoons, therefore, it is known as one of the areas that have significantly high rainfall.
Japanese: 小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南部の山岳地帯は、内陸性山岳気候もしくは太平洋に影響を受けた海洋性山岳気候に属し、さらに台風の通過経路でもあることから、日本でも有数の多雨地帯であることが知られている。
English: Although there is no year-round record of the weather of Kohechi, it can be roughly estimated from the record of observations in Totsukawa Village and Nosegawa Village, or from those in Mt. Koya.
Japanese: 小辺路の気象は通年での観測記録を欠くが、十津川・野迫川の両村内もしくは高野山での観測記録から概要を推測できる。
English: For example, according to the record of the observations in Mt. Kojin-dake near Nosegawa Village, it was -1.9 ℃ in January (4.6 ℃ in Kashihara City in the same month), 21.3 ℃ in August (27.7 ℃ in Kashihara), 9.7 ℃ on yearly average (1.56 ℃ in Kashihara); in Totsukawa which is warmer than the mountain, the maximum temperature in summer was about 25 ℃ and the minimum temperature in winter was below 10 ℃, therefore it is regarded as a cold or cool climate.
Japanese: 例えば野迫川村の荒神岳での観測記録によれば、1月には摂氏マイナス1.9度（同月の橿原市4.6度）、8月で21.3度（同27.7度）、年平均9.7度（同15.6度）で、より温暖な十津川でも、夏季の最高気温は25度前後、冬季の最低気温は10度を下回り、寒冷ないし冷涼な気候である。
English: As for the precipitation, it was over 400 millimeters in Totsukawa at the peak of summer, which greatly exceeded the monthly average of precipitation in the Nara Basin (100 to 200 millimeters).
Japanese: 降水量は十津川の夏季のピーク時には400ミリメートル以上を記録し、奈良盆地での月平均降水量の100から200ミリメートル前後を大きく越える。
English: In Nosegawa, the annual precipitation is 2000 to 3000 millimeters, and although it is less than the precipitation in Odaigahara, it can be called an area with has a high rainfall.
Japanese: 大台ケ原には及ばないものの、野迫川でも年間降水量は2000から3000ミリメートルに達し、多雨地帯である。
English: The vegetation of Kohechi is influenced by a fact that the climate of the western parts of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to a cold highland climate.
Japanese: 植生の面では、小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南西部の気候が寒冷ないし冷涼な山岳気候であるという条件に影響されている。
English: Seeing Kohechi vertically, even the lowest point is about 200 meters above sea level except Hongu-cho (Tanabe City) near Kumano-gawa River, and the highest points are Obako Pass (1,220 meters) and Mt. Obako-dake (1,344 meters), therefore, 'distribution of plants by altitude' (Table 1) by the Nara Prefecture history editorial board positions the plants in Kohechi as the plant of hilly terrain, of highland, and of mountain.
Japanese: 小辺路の垂直断面を見ると、熊野川河畔に降りる田辺市本宮町内を除けば最低地点でも標高約200メートル前後、最高地点が伯母子峠（1220メートル）および伯母子岳山頂（1344メートル）周辺であることから、小辺路の植物分布は奈良県史編集委員会による高度別植物分布（表1）では丘陵帯、低山帯、山地帯に属している。
English: The area including Totsukawa and Nosegawa Villages is called the Obako mountains plant region according to plant classification geography.
Japanese: 十津川・野迫川両村を含む地域は植物分類地理学上、伯母子山地植物地区と呼ばれる。
English: The Obako mountains plant region refers to the area which is surrounded by Totsukawa Valley on the east and by the boundary of Wakayama Prefecture on the south, on the north and on the west; the area is further divided into Obako section and Hatenashi section by Jinno-gawa River.
Japanese: 伯母子山地植物地区は東を十津川渓谷、南北と西を和歌山県境稜線で画された地域を指し、神納川を境にさらに伯母子区および果無区に細分される。
English: This plant region borders on Mt. Koya on the north and on Kumano on the south, therefore, in those areas, some distinctive plants of the mountains are seen.
Japanese: この植物地区は北を高野山、南を熊野に接することから、これらの地方の植物もみられる。
English: Bamboo-leaf oak, akagashi (quercus acuta), konara (quercus serrata), Japanese hornbeam, inuside (carpinus tschonoskii) and sakaki tree (cleyera japonica) grow on the banks of Jinno-gawa River and Kawarabi-gawa River at the foot of Mt. Obako-dake.
Japanese: 伯母子岳山麓の神納川・川原樋川河岸ではシラカシ、アカガシ、コナラ、クマシデ、イヌシデやサカキが見られる。
English: The area above about 800 meters belongs to the Japanese beech tree zone, and near the top of Mt. Obako-dake, there grow deciduous broadleaf trees including Japanese beech tree, mizunara (quercus mongoloca var. grosseseratta), Japanese hornbeam, yashabushi (alnus firma) and okamenoki (viburnum furcatum), and the trees on the top are stunted by wind and snow.
Japanese: 800メートルあたりからはブナ林帯に入り、伯母子岳山頂周辺では、ブナ、ミズナラ、クマシデ、ヤシャブシ、オオカメノキなどの落葉広葉樹があり、山頂部の樹木には風雪の影響による矮化が見られる。
English: As for low tree, there are rhododendron, some azalea (kobano-mitsuba-tsutsuji) and some cornel (koya-mizuki); as for herbs, there are tsuru-shiroganeso (stoloniferum), mountainous peony and a lot of flowers belong to the orchid family.
Japanese: 低木ではシャクナゲ、コバノミツバツツジ、コウヤミズキ、草本類ではツルシロガネソウ、ヤマシャクヤクのほかにラン科植物が多い。
English: As the elevation decreases, there increase the plantations of Japanese cedar and hinoki, and the secondary forest of Japanese red pine, ryobu (clethra barbinervis), konara (quercus serrata) and so on which grow after trees of plantations are cut, that is, the landscapes 'created by human beings' are seen.
Japanese: 標高を下げるにつれ、スギ・ヒノキ植林地ないし、植林の伐採後に発達するアカマツ、リョウブ、コナラ等の二次林が多くなり、「いわば人の生活臭がしみこんだ」景観をなしている。
English: On the steep slope from the bank of Totsu-kawa River to the village, kojii (Castanopsis cuspidate), sakaki, oak, asebi (Japanese Andromeda) and ubamegashi (quercus phillyraeoides) grow; and from near Hatenashi Village, there extends a secondary forest of Japanese red pine, konara (quercus serrata), fir tree, southern Japanese hemlock, himeshara (tall stewartia) and honoki (magnolia hypoleuca).
Japanese: 十津川河岸から集落までの急傾斜地にはコジイ、サカキ、カシ、アセビ、ウバメガシが生育し、果無集落周辺からはアカマツ、コナラなどに、モミ、ツガ、ヒメシャラ、ホオノキなどを交えた二次林が広がる。
English: In secondary forest at the remains of Yamaguchi-jaya Teahouse, there grow tabunoki (machilus thunbergii) and kakuremino (dendropanax trifidus) which usually grow on a seashore, and it is unknown whether they were brought by birds or residents.
Japanese: 山口茶屋の屋敷跡の二次林には海岸性のタブノキやカクレミノが見られるが、これが鳥によって運ばれたものなのか住人が持ち込んだものなのかは不明である。
English: In addition, among the plants of Kohechi, koyamaki (Japanese umbrella pine) has a feature as one of the farm products that had been cultivated around Mt. Koya.
Japanese: この他、特徴的なものとして高野山周辺で商品作物として栽培されていたコウヤマキが挙げられる。
English: Kohechi was additionally designated on December 19, 2002 as a part of a historical site 'Pilgrimage Route to Kumano' (first registered on November 2, 2000) based on the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
Japanese: 小辺路は文化財保護法にもとづく史跡「熊野参詣道」（2000年〈平成12年〉11月2日指定）の一部として、2002年（平成14年）12月19日に追加指定を受けている。
English: Until then the pilgrimage route to Kumano including Kohechi had not been registered by the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, and the registration was planned for reporting the plan of the preservation and management of the site to obtain the recommendation as a World Heritage site.
Japanese: 小辺路を含む熊野参詣道はそれまで文化財保護法による指定を受けておらず、世界遺産への推薦に先行して保存管理の計画を示す必要から登録されたものである。
English: Since it was designated as a historical site, permission of the chief of the Agency for the Cultural Affairs is required to perform activities that change the current condition of Kohechi or influence its preservation.
Japanese: 史跡指定により、小辺路の現状を変更する、または保存に影響を及ぼす行為には文化庁長官の許可が必要となった。
English: The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties is not applied to the buffer zone which was specified before the recommendation and the registration as a World Heritage site, however, the zone is protected by other laws and ordinances of the local authority.
Japanese: 世界遺産への推薦・登録に際して設けられた緩衝地帯は文化財保護法の対象ではないが、その他の法令や県および市町村の条例による保護の下に置かれている。
English: And based on the comprehensive plan of the preservation and the management that the Education Boards of three prefectures including Wakayama, Nara and Mie determined after the adjustments by the local education boards and the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the prefectures or the local education boards arranges plans of the preservation for each site and executes them, besides, the government and prefectures appropriate funds and materials for the preservation and the management.
Japanese: また和歌山・奈良・三重の3県の教育委員会が市町村教育委員会および文化庁と調整のうえで定めた包括的な保存管理計画にもとづき、個別遺産の管理にあたる県ないし市町村教育委員会が個別の保存管理の策定・実施にあたる体制がとられており、保存管理にあたって必要な資金や技術についても政府や県による支援が行われている。