nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Because the chapter of 'Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court) was written in order to pay homage to "The Song of Everlasting Sorrow," there is a view that Kiritsubo no Koi was modeled after Yang Guifei, the heroine in the song, while some people consider that FUJIWARA no Takushi (a consort of Emperor Ninmyo or the biological mother of Emperor Koko) was her model.
Japanese: 「桐壺」の巻が『長恨歌』をオマージュして書かれたことから、桐壺更衣のモデルはヒロインの楊貴妃であると考える説や、また藤原沢子（仁明天皇女御、光孝天皇生母）をモデルとする説などがある。
English: Nansoga (Southern Sung painting) is an idea which was created from the name of a Zen school by a theorist who lived in the Ming dynasty during the 17th century, and it has nothing to do with geographical north and south.
Japanese: 南宗画は17世紀に明末の理論家によって、禅の流派名から作られた概念で、地理的な南北とは関係がない。
English: Although Nanga is an abbreviation of Nansoga, it is different from the idea circulating in China, and in Japan, the term refers to a school of painting which was generated on the basis of the Chinese paintings during the 17th - 19th centuries which were imported via Nagasaki city, text books of painting, theories of painting, block prints, etc.
Japanese: 南画は南宗画の略称であるが、日本では中国での概念と異なり、長崎市を経て輸入された17～19世紀の中国の絵画、絵画教科書、絵画理論書、版画などをもとにして発生した絵画の流派をさす。
English: It does not aim at realism, but at 'describing feelings,' and makes it ideal to 'be filled with lively grace and dignity.'
Japanese: 写実でなく「写意」を旨とし、「気韻生動（風格・気品がいきいきと満ち溢れている）」を理想とした。
English: The representative painters were Nankai GION (1676-1751), Hyakusen SAKAKI (1698-1753), Kien YANAGISAWA (1706-1758), IKE no Taiga, Buson YOSA, Gyokudo URAGAMI, Mokubei AOKI, Buncho TANI, Kazan WATANABE, Chikuden TANOMURA, Chinzan TSUBAKI and Tessai TOMIOKA.
Japanese: 代表的な画家は、祇園南海（1676年-1751年）、彭城百川（1698年-1753年）、柳沢淇園（1706年-1758年）、池大雅、与謝蕪村、浦上玉堂、青木木米、谷文晁、渡辺華山、田能村竹田、椿椿山、富岡鉄斎。
English: Akikonomu Chugu is a fictional character who appears in Murasaki Shikibu's novel "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji).
Japanese: 秋好中宮（あきこのむちゅうぐう）は、紫式部の物語『源氏物語』に登場する架空の人物。
English: In the story, she is called saigu no nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor))because she was a former saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine) or umetsubo no tsubone because she used Gyokasha (one of the shichiden gosha (literally, seven palaces and five houses) which was also called Umetsubo) as her living quarters.
Japanese: 作中では前斎宮であることから斎宮女御（さいぐうのにょうご）、また凝花舎を局としたことから梅壺女御（うめつぼのにょうご）とも呼ばれる。
English: She is the only daughter of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro and Zenbo (the younger brother of Emperor Kiritsubo; crown prince before the first imperial prince of Emperor Kiritsubo (later, Emperor Suzaku), was crown prince; he does not appear in the story).
Japanese: 六条御息所と前坊（ぜんぼう。桐壺帝の弟。桐壺帝の第一皇子（後の朱雀帝）が東宮に擁立する前の東宮。ただし作中には登場せず）との間の一人娘。
English: When she was around twelve years old, Emperor Kiritsubo abdicated the throne to the Emperor Suzaku and she was chosen to be the new saigu of the Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 12歳の頃桐壺帝が朱雀帝に譲位、これに伴い新たな伊勢の斎宮に選ばれる。
English: Emperor Suzaku met the saigu at the court ceremony fpr departing to Ise and fell in love at first sight because of her beauty and could not forget her after that.
Japanese: 伊勢へ旅立つための宮中での儀式で斎宮と対面した朱雀帝は、斎宮のあまりの美しさに一目惚れしその後も忘れられなかった。
English: Later, Emperor Suzaku wanted to marry the saigu after his abdication, but her mother, Miyasudokoro opposed this and, even after her death, Genji prevented this from happening ('Aoi (Genji Monogatari),' 'Sakaki').
Japanese: 後に朱雀帝は位を降りてから斎宮を妃にと望むが、母御息所の反対に遭い、その死後も源氏の意向により実現しなかった（「葵(源氏物語)」「賢木」）。
English: She was 21 to 22 years old when Emperor Suzaku abdicated and with the completion of her term, the saigu left Ise, and returned to Kyoto together with her mother.
Japanese: 21～2歳の頃朱雀帝が退位したことで斎宮は任期を終え、退下し母と京に戻る。
English: Her mother, Miyasudokoro, was ill in bed at that time and died after requesting that Genji become guardian of the Saigu ('Miotsukushi').
Japanese: その頃母御息所はすでに病床についており、源氏に斎宮の後見を言い置いて亡くなった（「澪標」）。
English: Genji was back in power and promoted to naidaijin (minister of the interior), adopted the saigu and took part in politics via the Emperor's inner court and supported her entry into court as nyogo (emperor's consort) to the eleven-year-old Emperor Reizei, who was his biological son.
Japanese: 復権した源氏は内大臣に昇進、斎宮を養女に迎えて後宮政治に乗り出し、実の子である11歳の冷泉帝の元へ女御として入内させた。
English: However, Genji was strong;y interested in the nyogo ('Eawase'), but since the nyogo did not want Genji, who was her mother's lover, to come close to her and Genji himself was strongly constrained by the late Miyasudokoro's will, he played the role of guardian while being attached to her to some extent.
Japanese: その一方で女御への興味も強く持っていたが（「絵合」）、女御は母の恋人であった源氏が近寄る事を厭い、源氏自身も亡き御息所の遺言で強く諌められていたため、未練を抱きつつもあくまで後見役に徹した。
English: On the other hand, the nyogo had a close friendship with Genji's wife, Murasaki no Ue and after they began to live in a same mansion, continued to have a close friendship.
Japanese: また女御は源氏の妻紫の上とも親交を持ち、同じ邸内に住むようになってからは親しい友人のような関係を続けた。
English: Her name 'Akikonomu Chugu' was given by readers of later ages and was derived from the episode when Genji asked her 'Which do you like spring or autumn?' when making advances to her ('Usugumo'), and she answered 'I am attracted to autumn because my mother, Miyasudokoro, passed away.'
Japanese: 彼女の呼称「秋好中宮」は後世の読者につけられたもので、源氏が彼女に言い寄る口実に「あなたは春と秋のどちらがお好きか」と尋ねた際（「薄雲」）、「母御息所の亡くなった秋に惹かれる」と答えた事に由来する。
English: Genji got an idea from this and constructed a large mansion consisting of four sections(Rokujoin) and prepared a home residence (residence used when she returned to her family) for Akikonomu by arranging natural autumnal features in the southwest section, which was previously the location of the residence of late Miyasudokoro.
Japanese: また源氏はこれに案を得て、四つの町からなる広大な邸宅（六条院）を造営し、秋好のために亡き御息所の邸跡の西南の町に秋の風物を配して彼女の里邸（里下がり時の邸）に用意した。
English: On the other hand, Murasaki no Ue, who liked spring, lived in the spring section and Murasaki no Ue and Akikonomu as the master of the spring and autumn of Rokujoin, respectively, conducted an elegant competition betweenspring and autumn ('Otome' (Genji Monogatari), 'Kocho' (Genji Monogatari).
Japanese: 一方春を好む紫の上は隣の東南の春の町に住まい、紫の上と秋好は六条院の春の主と秋の主として、春秋の優劣を競う風流な挑み合いを繰り広げた（「少女(源氏物語)」「胡蝶(源氏物語)」）。
English: Partly because of strong support Genji, she was elected to chugu (emperor's second consort) ('Otome') and greatly contributed to Genji's further prosperity.
Japanese: 源氏の強い後押しもあり中宮に立后（「少女」）、以後の源氏のさらなる栄華へ大きく貢献する。
English: She served as koshimusubiyaku (person with role of tying an obi or belt) ('Umegae') in the mogi (the coming-of-age ceremony for girls) for Genji's only daughter, Akashi no Himegimi and she arranged a splendid celebration ('Wakana' (Genji Monogatari) for Genji's fortieth birthday ceremony.
Japanese: 源氏の一人娘明石の姫君の裳着では腰結役を務め（「梅枝」）、源氏の四十の賀にも養女として盛大な祝いをした（「若菜(源氏物語)」）。
English: Her husband, Emperor Reizei, for whom she entered court as his guardian instead of mother, was younger than her by nine years and they had no child between them, but she was loved by him through their common hobby of painting and they kept a good relationship as a married couple even after the addiction of Emperor Reizei.
Japanese: 母代りの後見役として入内した夫冷泉帝は9歳年下で、また子もなかったが、絵画という共通の趣味により寵愛を得て、冷泉帝の退位後も良好な夫婦関係であった。
English: She loved Genji's son, Kaoru, together with the Retired Emperor Reizei and since she did not have any sons herself, relied on him as a guardian ('Nioumiya') after Genji's death.
Japanese: 源氏の死後はその遺児薫を冷泉院と共に寵遇、息子代わりの後見として頼みにしていた（「匂宮」）。
English: Akashi no himegimi (literally, princess of Akashi) is a character in "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji), a novel written by Murasaki Shikibu.
Japanese: 明石の姫君（あかしのひめぎみ）は、紫式部の物語『源氏物語』の作中人物である。
English: As no particular name was given to her, she was referred to by various titles as she grew, such as "Akashi no nyogo" (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)), "Akashi no chugu" (the second consort of an emperor) and so on, however, she was never referred to with a name prefixed by "Akashi no" in the novel.
Japanese: これといった呼称がないため、成長するごとに便宜上明石の女御、明石の中宮などのように肩書を変えて呼ばれるが、作中で「明石の～」と冠することはない。
English: According to the dream her grandfather, Akashi no nyudo, had, she was promised her destiny to become a kokumo (mother of the emperor) in the future.
Japanese: 祖父の明石の入道が見た夢によって、将来は国母となる運命を約束されている。
English: Because she was born from a mother of low birth, Genji took her in and gave her high-level education to become an empress as an adopted daughter of his de facto legitimate wife, Murasaki no ue.
Japanese: 出自の低い母から生まれたため、源氏は娘を手元に引き取り、正妻格である紫の上の養女として、高い后教育を施す。
English: Although Akashi no himegimi knew that Murasaki no ue was not her real mother, she was still a very affectionate adoptive mother and brought up Akashi no himegimi to be a beautiful young woman.
Japanese: 明石の姫君は紫の上とは実の母子でないことは承知だが、愛情深い養母に育てられて、美しく生い立つ。
English: After her mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls), Akashi no himegimi entered into court through marriage as the crown princess (in Kiritsubo's palace).
Japanese: やがて明石の姫君は裳着の後、東宮（後の帝）妃として入内する（殿舎は桐壺）。
English: At that time, there was nobody who could compete with Genji's power and other nobles hesitated to have their daughters enter the palace as consorts because they had little chance of winning.
Japanese: その当時の源氏の権力は並ぶ者がおらず、始めは他の公卿たちがとても勝ち目はないと娘の入内を遠慮するほどだった。
English: After being referred to as Nyogo (or Kiritsubo no okata, miyasudokoro and so on), she stood highest in the favor of the crown prince and became pregnant (at the age of thirteen years old by the old Japanese system).
Japanese: 女御（桐壺の御方、御息所などとも）と呼ばれるようになった彼女は、東宮の篤い寵愛を受け、間もなく御子を懐妊する（数え年13歳）。
English: Because the child was a boy (the first imperial prince), Akashi no nyudo's wish was fulfilled and he resigned from the world and began living on a mountain.
Japanese: その子が男御子（第一皇子）だったため、明石の入道は満願成就となり、現世を捨て入山する。
English: Having read Nyudo's letter after giving birth, nyogo deeply recognized the sacrifice and affection of her grandfather and real mother for the first time and later grew to be a considerate lady.
Japanese: 出産後に入道の手紙を読んだ女御は、祖父や実母の犠牲や愛をその時初めて深く知り、思いやり深い女性に成長する。
English: When the Crown Prince ascended the throne, the first prince became the crown prince (Wakana (New Herbs), Part Two) and she became a chugu in the volume 'Minori' (The Rites).
Japanese: その後東宮の即位で第一皇子が新たな東宮に立ち（「若菜(源氏物語)下」）、「御法」で中宮となる。
English: In Uji jujo (The Ten Quires of Uji), she loved the third prince, Nioumiya, tenderly together with the emperor, but she worried about his freewheeling behavior.
Japanese: 宇治十帖では、帝と共に第三皇子の匂宮を寵愛しつつもその自由奔放な品行を案じている。
English: At first, she was against the love between Nioumiya and Uji no nakagimi, but, when they gave birth to a son, she held ubuyashinai (a party to celebrate the birth of a baby) to celebrate it.
Japanese: 始め匂宮と宇治の中君との仲にも反対だったが、二人の間に男子が誕生した時は自ら産養を主催して祝福した。
English: She worried about the affair with Ukifune and, when she learned that Ukifune was alive, she informed Kaoru while keeping it secret from Nioumiya.
Japanese: また浮舟の事件でも心を痛め、彼女の生存を知った際には匂宮には内密で薫に知らせた。
English: Kumoi no kari is a fictitious character that appears in "Genji Monogatari" (The Tale of Genji) by Murasaki Shikibu.
Japanese: 雲居の雁（くもいのかり、雲居雁、雲井の雁）は、紫式部の物語『源氏物語』に登場する架空の人物。
English: The name "Kumoi no kari" does not appear in the text, and she was named so by posterity after the episode in the volume 'Shojo (girl)' (Genji Monogatari) in which she hummed 'Kumoi no kari mo wagagotoya (if a goose flying in the fog feels as I do now)' expressing her sentiment after having been forced to part with Yugiri.
Japanese: 雲居の雁という名前は本文中には現れず、夕霧と引き離された心情を「雲居の雁もわがごとや（晴れない霧の中を飛ぶ雁は今の私と同じような気持ちなのだろうか）」と口ずさんだ「少女(源氏物語)」巻のエピソードに因み、後世の人が名づけたもの。
English: Her mother divorced early on and became the wife of Azechi Dainagon, so she was brought up by her grandmother Omiya together with Yugiri, who was a child of Hikaru genji and also had Omiya as his grandmother, and due to this they grew to love each other since childhood.
Japanese: 母は早くに離縁し按察大納言の北の方となっており、祖母に当たる大宮(源氏物語)のもとで、同じく大宮を祖母に持つ光源氏の子、夕霧(源氏物語)とともに養育され、幼少から恋し合った。
English: In the era of the Emperor Reizei, as the first daughter of the naidaijin (minister of the center) (To no chujo), Kokiden no nyogo, was defeated by Itsuki no miya nyogo (later Akiyoshi chugu) in the competition to become the empress, and so he pinned his hope on his second daughter, Kumoi no kari and hoped to make her become the crown princess.
Japanese: 冷泉帝の御世、長女の弘徽殿女御が斎宮女御（後の秋好中宮）との立后争いに敗れたことから、内大臣（頭中将）は次女雲居の雁に希望を託して東宮妃にと望む。
English: After he failed to enter her into court, naidaijin allowed Kumoi no kari to marry Yugiri ('Shojo' (girl) to 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves)).
Japanese: 入内計画にも失敗した内大臣は、雲居の雁と夕霧の結婚を許した（「少女」～「藤裏葉」）。
English: Kumoi no kari, who openly became kita no kata (the woman living in the north of the house; wife) of Yugiri and gave birth to many children (The number of children differs by manuscripts, Akio ABE said that they had seven, while Kiyoshi FUJIMURA said eight was the number in the original version), had been spending her days having her mind quite at rest with her husband who was very earnest and faithful to her.
Japanese: 晴れて夕霧の北の方となり、多くの子（写本により異なり、阿部秋生は7人を、藤村潔は8人が原型であろうとしている）をもうけた雲居の雁は、生真面目で殆ど愛人も作らない夫に安心しきった生活を送っていた。
English: Because of this domesticated life style which lacked elegance, Yugiri's affection gradually shifted toward Kashiwagi's widow (that is, the sister-in-law of Kumoi no kari), Ochiba no miya.
Japanese: しかしその世帯じみた風情も何もない生活から、夕霧の心は次第に柏木の未亡人（つまり雲居の雁の義姉）落葉の宮へと移っていった。
English: Upon learning of this, Kumoi no kari became very angry and returned to her parents home with her small children (From 'Wakana' to 'Yugiri').
Japanese: それを知った雲居の雁は激怒して幼い子供達と供に実家に帰ってしまう（「若菜」～「夕霧」）。
English: Finally, Yugiri legitimately married Ochiba no miya and, after that, he visited the residence of Kumoi no kari and that of Ochiba no miya alternately every other day ('Nioumiya').
Japanese: 結局夕霧は落葉の宮を正式に妻に迎え、その後は雲居の雁と落葉の宮の邸を一日おきに交互に通うようになった（「匂宮」）。
English: Little information on her activities after that are given and the last scene with her is a description of her efforts to receive the love of her son, Kurodo shosho in the volume 'Takekawa' (literally, bamboo river).
Japanese: その後の消息はあまり伝わらず、「竹河」で息子の蔵人少将の恋を成就させようと世話を焼く様子が描かれているのが最後である。
English: "Hokusai Manga" is a book of sketches issued by Hokusai KATSUSHIKA as examples of paintings.
Japanese: 『北斎漫画』（ほくさいまんが）は、葛飾北斎が絵手本として発行したスケッチ画集である。
English: Around the autumn of 1812, he stayed at the home of Bokusen MAKI (1775 to 1824), Hokusai's patron and pupil, for approximately a half year and drew over 300 sketches.
Japanese: 1812年秋頃、後援者で門人の牧墨僊（1775年～1824年）宅に半年ほど逗留し300余りの下絵を描いた。
English: Upon compilation, the first volume was issued by Toshiro EIRAKUYA (Eirakudo), a publisher in Nagoya, in 1814 when Hokusai was 55 years old and was well received.
Japanese: これをまとめ1814年（文化11年）、北斎55歳のとき、名古屋の版元永楽屋東四郎（永楽堂）から初編が発行され好評であった。
English: They were not only well received in Japan, but also introduced in Europe in the 1830s and influenced the French impressionists.
Japanese: 国内で好評を博しただけでなく、1830年代ヨーロッパに渡り、フランスの印象派の画家に影響を与えたとされる。
English: He is also called Kaoru no Kimi, Kaoru Daisho (or, Kaoru no Taisho).
Japanese: 薫の君（かおるのきみ）、薫大将（かおるだいしょう、かおるのたいしょう）とも。
English: Kaoru' was not his real name, but a nickname based on the fact that he had an indefinable sweet scent by nature.
Japanese: 「薫」は本名ではなく、生まれつき身体にえもいわれぬ芳香を帯びていたことに因む通称。
English: Although ubuyashinai (party to celebrate the birth of a baby) was carried out as a grand event, his birth was not particularly welcomed.
Japanese: 産養が盛大に行われるが、その一方彼の誕生は決して喜ばれたものではなかった。
English: After childbirth, Onna Sannomiya, his mother, suddenly became a nun and his father, Genji, also could not forget past karma and although he outwardly treated the baby kindly, he could not do so without reservation.
Japanese: 出産後母女三宮は突然出家、父源氏も過去の因果が忘れられず、表向きは可愛がるもうちとけられずにいた。
English: He was brought up iat Rokujoin and, after Genji's death, he was brought up by Emperor Reizei (tenth Imperial Prince of the Emperor Kiritsubo, but in reality, Genji's child) and Akikonomu Chugu, who did not have any children and they treated him favorably as if he were their own real child.
Japanese: 六条院で育ち、源氏没後は、子のなかった冷泉帝（表向きは桐壺帝の第十皇子、実は源氏の子）と秋好中宮に実子同然にかわいがられ育つ。
English: At the age of fourteen, he celebrated his coming of age and was steadily promoted in February as Chujo (Middle Captain) and in the autumn, Ukon chujo and at the age of nineteen, 'Saisho no Chujo' (Consultant Captain).
Japanese: 14歳で元服、二月に中将、秋に右近中将、19歳で宰相中将と順調に昇進。
English: As a successor to the prosperity of Hikaru Genji, who was called 'Hikaru Gimi' (literally, shining boy), he was called together with his childhood friend, Nioumiya, 'Niou Hyobukyo (Minister of Hyobusho (Ministry of the Military), Kaoru Chujo.'
Japanese: 幼馴染の匂宮と並び、「光る君」と呼ばれた光源氏の栄華を継ぐ者として、世間では「匂う兵部卿、薫る中将」と呼ばれている。
English: Although he had noble roots and he was brought up in a blessed environment, he had doubts since childhood about his birth and spent discontented days.
Japanese: 高貴の出自で、恵まれた環境で育ったが、幼いころから自己の出生に疑念を感じ、悶々とした日々を過ごしていた。
English: One day, he heard a rumor that there was a zokuhijiri (person who is engaged in Buddhist training without becoming a priest) in Uji City and visited the mansion of Uji Hachinomiya (Imperial Prince of the Emperor Kiritsubo, Hikaru Genji's younger brother from a different mother).
Japanese: ある時宇治市に俗聖（出家せず俗のまま戒律を守り仏道修行する人）がいるという噂を聞き、宇治八の宮（桐壺帝の皇子、光源氏の異母弟）邸を訪れる。
English: On the other hand, he had indecisiveness and especially passive in relationships with women, but carried things out quickly if his partner was a lower level court lady.
Japanese: 一方で、優柔不断で特に女性関係には消極的だが、身分低い女房などが相手の時は積極的に事を運ぶ。
English: He fell in love with Oigimi (first daughter of Hachinomiya) in Uji when he caught a glimpse of her by chance, but she died before his love was accepted.
Japanese: 偶然垣間見た宇治の大君（おおいぎみ、八の宮の長女）に思いを寄せるが、受け入れられぬまま死に別れる。
English: Because of his grief, he once approached Nakanokimi (second daughter of Hachinomiya and younger sister from the same mother of Oigimi; wife of Nioumiya) in Uji and, later, took Ukifune (Genji Monogatari) (younger sister from a different mother of Oigimi and Nakanokimi) who looked exactly like Oigimi and was brought up in the countryside, as katashiro (representation of a sacred object) and kept her in a mansion in Uji.
Japanese: その傷心から一時は宇治の中の君（八の宮の次女で大君の同母妹、匂宮の妻）に迫り、さらにその後大君に生き写しの田舎育ちの娘浮舟(源氏物語)（大君と中の君の異母妹）を形代にし、宇治の邸に囲わせる。
English: However, Ukifune was of two minds between Kaoru and Nioumiya, who appeared before her when he knew of her existence and she threw herself into the Yodo-gawa River.
Japanese: しかし浮舟は薫とその存在を知って現れた匂宮の二人の間で心が揺れ動き、淀川に入水してしまう。
English: In the meantime, he married Onna Ninomiya of the current emperor (Genji Monogatari) who became his legitimate wife and his prosperity reached its height (he was also promoted to Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) and Udaisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) around this time).
Japanese: 一方、今上帝(源氏物語)の女二宮が降嫁し北の方となり、栄華はこの上なきものとなる（権大納言兼右大将に昇進したのもこのころ）。
English: However, he did not frequently interact with his wife and after Ukifune's death, he passed his days discontented, thinking about Onna Ichinomiya, daughter of the current emperor (her mother was Akashi Chugu).
Japanese: しかし妻とあまり接することはなく、浮舟亡き後は今上帝の女一宮（母は明石中宮）を思って悶々と過ごしている。
English: After he caught a glimpse of the beautiful figure of Onna Ichinomiya, who was playing with ice, he tried to have some fun by making Onna Ninomiya wear the same costume.
Japanese: ある時氷を弄んでいる女一宮の美しい姿を垣間見た時は、それと同じ装いを女二宮にさせて気の慰みにしようとしている。
English: One day after the first anniversary of the funeral for Ukifune, Kaoru came to know through Akashi no Chugu that Ukifune was still alive and sent Kogimi, Ukifune's younger brother from a different father, to the village of Ono.
Japanese: 浮舟の葬儀から一周忌を過ぎたある日、明石中宮を通じて浮舟生存の情報を知った薫は、浮舟の異父弟小君に文を持たせ小野の山里へ向かわせる。
English: However, he was rejected by Ukifune, who had become a nun and had no attachment to secular society, saying 'You must have the wrong person,' and the humiliated Kaoru consoled himself by thinking 'There must be some man who is keeping her.'
Japanese: しかし尼となり俗世に未練のない浮舟に「所違へにもあらむ（人違いでしょう）」と突っぱねられ、屈辱を味わった薫は「人の隠し据ゑたるにやあらん（どうせ誰か男がいて囲われているんだろう）」と自分を慰めるのであった。
English: The image of the main character full of irresolution greatly influenced later dynastic-style literature by female authors such as "Sagoromo Monogatari" (The Tale of Sagoromo) and "Tsutsumi-Chunagon Monogatari" (Collection of ten short stories after the late Heian period) and created many Kaoru-type main characters.
Japanese: この優柔不断の塊のような鬱屈した主人公像は、『狭衣物語』や『堤中納言物語』などその後の王朝女流文学に多大なる影響を与え、数多くの薫型主人公を生み出すこととなった。
English: Regarding the question whether or not Kaoru was really the son of Kashiwagi, it seems to be true that Hikaru Genji and Yugiri (Genji Monogatari) felt that his eyes were similar when they saw Kaoru as a small boy ('Kashiwagi,' 'Yokobue') and it was repeatedly described that, while Genji's lineage including Emperor Reizei were good at painting ('Eawase'), the To no Chujo's lineage including Kashiwagi were good at music, and Kaoru played the koto and flute, which Kashiwagi was also good at this shows him to be close to the lineage of To no Chujo ('Takekawa,' 'Yadorigi').
Japanese: 薫が本当に柏木の子であるかどうかについては、光源氏や夕霧(源氏物語)が幼い薫を見て目元が似ていると感じており（「柏木」「横笛」）、また冷泉帝ら光源氏の血筋は絵画（「絵合」）、柏木ら頭中将の血筋は音楽に秀でているといった描写が常々なされているのに対し、薫は柏木が得意とした琴や、横笛を演奏して頭中将の血筋に近いとされている（「竹河」「宿木」）ことから、間違いないようである。
English: Other than Kaoru himself, five people, Hikaru Genji, Kashiwagi who was the real father, Onna Sannomiya who was his mother, Kojiju (Onna Sannomiya's waiting maid), and Ben (court lady for Hachinomiya, cousin of Kojiju) knew the secret of Kaoru's birth, and Yugiri also knew the situation to a certain extent.
Japanese: なお薫の出生の秘密を知るのは本人以外では光源氏、実父柏木、母女三宮、小侍従（女三宮の女房）、弁（八の宮の女房、小侍従の従姉妹）の5人で、この他夕霧も薄々事情を察している。
English: Yamanoue no Okura (660? – 733?) was a poet during the early Nara Period.
Japanese: 山上憶良（やまのうえのおくら、（斉明天皇6年（660年）?-天平5年（733年）?）は、奈良時代初期の歌人。
English: He came from a family of lower-ranking nobles (some literary scholars such as Susumu NAKANISHI stated that he was a naturalized citizen from the kingdom of Baekje), and his kabane (hereditary title) was Omi.
Japanese: 下級貴族の出身（中西進ら文学系研究者の一部からは百済系帰化人説も出されている）で、姓は臣（おみ）。
English: In 702, Yamanoue no Okura accompanied the seventh mission to Tang Dynasty China as an envoy where he studied the latest teachings of Confucianism and Buddhism.
Japanese: 702年の第七次遣唐使船に同行し、唐に渡り儒教や仏教など最新の学問を研鑽する。
English: After he returned to Japan, he became a tutor to the crown prince and afterward, he served as the Governor of Hoki and Chikuzen Provinces, during which time he wrote many poems.
Japanese: 帰国後は東宮侍講を経た後、伯耆国、筑前国と国司を歴任しながら、数多くの歌を詠んだ。
English: Because of his devotion to the teachings of Buddhism and Confucius, he was sensitive to death, poverty, aging, and illness, and he was a keen observer of social injustice.
Japanese: 仏教や儒教の思想に傾倒していたため、死や貧、老、病などといったものに敏感で、かつ社会的な矛盾を鋭く観察していた。
English: Although he was a government official, this awareness allowed him to write many poems by keenly observing the weak among society, such as farmers burdened by heavy taxes, or a wife whose husband was recruited as a sakimori (soldiers deployed for boarder defenses), and therefore was known as a socialist poet that was rare in that period.
Japanese: そのため、官人という立場にありながら、重税に喘ぐ農民や防人に狩られる夫を見守る妻など社会的な弱者を鋭く観察した歌を多数詠んでおり、当時としては異色の社会派歌人として知られる。
English: He excelled at lyric description of emotions, and many of his poems described his own feelings as well.
Japanese: 抒情的な感情描写に長けており、また一首の内に自分の感情も詠み込んだ歌も多い。
English: With 78 poems included in the "Manyoshu," Yamanoue no Okura is one of the most prominent poets of the Nara Period together with OTOMO no Yakamochi, KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro and YAMABE no Akahito.
Japanese: 『万葉集』には七十八首が撰ばれており、大伴家持や柿本人麻呂、山部赤人らと共に奈良時代を代表する歌人として評価が高い。
English: From the Age of Gods This has been the saying passed down: Sky-seen Yamato Is a land hallowed in power Wielded in the hand Of a sovereign deity, A land where the word soul Works its potency for weal: This have they told, Passing down the saying age to age
Japanese: 神代（かみよ）より言（い）ひ伝（つ）て来（こ）らくそらみつ大和（やまと）の国（くに）は皇神（すめらのかみ）の厳（いつく）しき国言霊（ことたま）の幸（さき）はふ国（くに）と　語（かた）り継（つ）ぎ言（い）ひ継がひけり
English: ('神代欲理 云傳久良久 虚見通 倭國者 皇神能 伊都久志吉國 言霊能 佐吉播布國等 加多利継 伊比都賀比計理'("Manyoshu" Volume 5, No.894))
Japanese: （「神代欲理云傳久良久虚見通倭國者皇神能伊都久志吉國言霊能佐吉播布國等加多利継伊比都賀比計理」『万葉集』巻5－894）