nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The offices of Jinja-cho are usually established in precincts or adjacent land of relatively big shrine in each prefecture.
Japanese: 神社庁の事務所は、ほとんどの場合その都道府県で比較的大きな神社の境内または隣接地に置かれている。
English: After prefectures were divided into several districts, subordinate agencies are set up in each of them.
Japanese: 支部は、都道府県をいくつかの地区に分け、各地区に1つずつ設置されている。
English: In case that many Jinja-cho become religious institution, they are inclusive corporations of Jinja-honcho.
Japanese: 多くの神社庁は宗教法人となっており、その場合は、神社本庁の被包括法人である。
English: In that case, shrines of prefectures are inclusive corporation of 'Jinja-honcho' directly, not of Jinja-cho.
Japanese: その場合でも、その都道府県下の神社は神社庁ではなく、直接に「神社本庁」の被包括法人となる。
English: Shintai-zan Mountain is a term mainly used in Shitoism meaning a mountain believed to be where deities dwell in the concept of mountain worship and also called Kannabi, a mountain where deities dwell.
Japanese: 神体山（しんたいさん）とは主に神道において神(神道)が宿るとされる山岳信仰や神奈備（かむなび・神々が神留まる森林を抱く山）の山をいう。
English: Such sacred mountains are also called 'reiho' (lit. sacred peak), and Mt. Fuji is one of the representative reiho.
Japanese: また、「霊峰」ともよばれ霊峰富士として、富士山が代表的なものである。
English: Passes, slopes and other small peaks were also considered sacred and worshiped as places where deities dwell.
Japanese: また峠や坂という小さな峰も神域や神(神道)が宿る場所とし畏怖畏敬した。
English: According to the idea of animism in cultural anthropology, the mankind viewed the phenomena of life and death in an objective manner, created a recognition of 'life' as a concept of ego and consciousness out of such a view, and considered life, deity or spirit dwells in living creatures as well as in natural objects such as mountains, rivers, rocks and trees.
Japanese: 文化人類学のアニミズム論によれば、人類が生と死という現象を客観的に捉え、それを自我や意識わせた観念として「命」という認識を作り出し、生き物や自然の山河や岩や木々にも命や神や霊が宿ると考えた。
English: This understanding also applies to Japan, and deities of higher ranks are believed to dwell in big things or things that live long in Shintoism and particularly Ancient Shintoism that is also called Jomon Shintoism for it is believed to have existed before the beginning of the Jomon period (ancient form of Shintoism that existed before the 6th century before it was influenced by the foreign customs and forms folk beliefs in today's Japan).
Japanese: これは、日本において同様であり、神道、特に縄文時代以前からある縄文神道といわれる古神道（6世紀以前の外来の習俗に影響される前の神道で、現在の日本の民間信仰でもある）においては、大きいものや長くあるものや古いものに、より位の高い神が宿ると考えた。
English: What typically represents such idea is mountains, and the idea that deities dwell in particularly big unique mountains is known as mountain worship.
Japanese: その代表的なものが山や峰峰（連峰）であり、特に特徴的な大きな山に神が宿るとされ、これを山岳信仰という。
English: Mountain worship is found not only in Japan but in various parts of the world; the Masai and Kiyuku tribes in the southern part of Kenya worship Mt. Kilimanjaro as a mountain where their god abides.
Japanese: 山岳信仰は日本に限らず世界中にあり、ケニア南部のマサイ族やキユク族はキリマンジャロを神が座する山として信仰している。
English: Other examples include Mt. Everest, Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, and Uluru (Ayers Rock) are worshiped by Sherpas in Tibet, the Nakhi in Yunnan Province, China, and Australian Aborigines as their holy mountain, respectively.
Japanese: その他にはチベットのシェルパ族はエベレストを、中国雲南省のナシ族（納西族）は玉龍雪山を、オーストラリアのアボリジニ（アボリジニ）はウルル（エアーズロック）をそれぞれ神が宿る、神の山として信仰している。
English: In Japan, kannabi, a holy mountain where deities dwell, is another form of mountain worship.
Japanese: 日本には神奈備（かんなび）といわれるものがあり、山岳信仰の一つの形でもある。
English: Formerly mountains worshipped as kannabi include ordinary mountains and iwakura (dwelling place of a god, usually in reference to a large rock) or iwasaka (the area a deity sits) as well as volcanoes and bold mountains with no forests.
Japanese: 古くは神奈備は磐座（いわくら）・磐境（いわさか）とともに、普通の山だけでなく、火山や森を抱かないいわゆる裸山や禿山も信仰の対象とした。
English: The name "kannabi" then came to be given to mountains covered with trees and forests and adjacent to human communities, and such mountains came to be called "Chinju no mori" (sacred shrine forest) or "himorogi" (primitive shrine, originally a piece of sacred land surrounded by evergreens), while "iwakura" became sacred rocks as rocks, unique rocks, big rocks such as "meoto-iwa" (husband-and-wife rock).
Japanese: その後、神奈備は木々や森林を抱く集落に隣接する山として、鎮守の森や神籬（ひもろぎ）に変わっていき、磐座は夫婦岩などとともに岩・奇岩や巨石・奇石として霊石になった。
English: Today many 'shrines' in Jinja Shinto stand at those holy places worshipped in the idea of ancient Shintoism, and sainokami (guardian deities) were changed from nature or natural elements to humanized divinity called 'mikoto.'
Japanese: これらの古神道の信仰された場所に、現在の多くの神社神道の「社（やしろ）」が建立され、賽神は自然そのものから「尊」（みこと）といわれる人格神に取って代わっていった。
English: This idea is evidenced by the theory that the basic layout in Shinto building construction style, which is the order of 'torii - main building - Shintaizan,' and that this order is established even in cases where a Shintaizan is located behind worshippers by considering the approach to the shrine.
Japanese: その根拠として、神社の建築様式おいて基本的には「鳥居→社殿→神体山」という序列があり、参拝者の後方に神体山が存在する場合にも参道を考慮に入れるとこの序列は成立しているとする説からも窺い知ることができる。
English: The theory proposed by Wataru IKEBA that shrines in Ancient Shintoism traditionally built as places of incantation or festival in large communities were modified by the influence of Buddhist concept and that the 'idea of permanent presence of deity' as presented by the enshrined deity always dwells in the main building of the shrine was born also agrees with the explanation that shrines were built at places of Ancient Shintoism.
Japanese: 古来から大規模集落にみられた祈祷や祭礼の場所としての古神道の神殿が、仏教思想の影響により、神社の本殿に神が鎮座するとする「神常在思想」が発生したと、池辺弥はしていることなども、古神道の場所に神社が建立された、とする説明に合致する。
English: Haruki KAGEYAMA interprets that it began as ancestral worship like kofun (burial mound) or tsuka (ancient tomb) and was then transformed into natural Shintoistic form that sees a mountain itself as the object of worship and that in due course of time the concept of ancestral deities in mountains was fused with the concept of agricultural deity.
Japanese: また景山春樹は古墳や塚と同様に祖霊信仰に始まり、やがて山そのものを信仰の対象とする自然神道的な形態に変遷し、後に山中の祖霊神に農耕の神の観念が重なっていったと解釈している。
English: Subsequently mountain worship in Ancient Shintoism was fused with Esoteric Buddhism, Zen Buddhism, and Taoism (Onmyodo, or Way of Yin and Yang, which is an occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), and tohai (mountaineering for worship) under Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) became active.
Japanese: 後世には古神道における山岳信仰が、密教や禅宗や道教（陰陽道）と習合し、修験道における登拝も活発化した。
English: Ancient anecdotes about the deities of Mt. Fuji and Mt. Tsukuba are recorded in "Hitachi no kuni fudoki" (the Topography of Hitachi Province).
Japanese: 古くは、『常陸国風土記』に富士山の神と筑波山の神の逸話が記されている。
English: The parent deity visited the deity of Mt. Fuji and asked for lodging, but the mountain deity rejected the request on the grounds that the deity was during fasting.
Japanese: 親神が富士山の神のもとを訪れ、宿を乞うたが、富士山の神は物忌み中だと言う理由で宿泊を拒否した。
English: The parent deity then went to Mt. Tsukuba, asked the deity of Mt. Tsukuba for lodging and was welcome this time.
Japanese: 親神は次に筑波山の神のもとへいき、同様に宿を乞うたところ、今度は親神は歓迎された。
English: Consequently, many people began to gather at Mt. Tsukuba; on the contrary, Mt. Fuji came to be always covered with snow, and people stopped visiting Mt. Fuji.
Japanese: そのため、筑波山には人々が集まるようになり、反対に富士山には絶えず雪が積もり人々が来なくなったという。
English: According to "Honcho seiki" (Chronicle of Imperial Reigns), Matsudai (Fuji Shonin) buried Issai-kyo (Complete Collection of Scriptures) on the top of Mt. Fuji in 1149, and the buried scriptures, believed to have been unearthed atop Mt. Fuji, are enshrined at Sengen-taisha Shrine.
Japanese: 『本朝世紀』によると1149年（久安5年）に末代（まつだい、富士上人）が山頂に一切経を埋納したと伝えられており、現在も富士山頂出土と伝えられる埋納経が浅間大社に伝わっている。
English: "Sarashina Nikki" (Sarashina Diary), a literature work in the Heian period, wrote that some people in those days believed the personnel affairs for the following year in the Imperial court were determined by the deity of Mt. Fuji.
Japanese: 平安時代の文学の『更級日記』には、富士山の神が、朝廷の次の年の除目（人事）を決めると当時の一部の人々には思われていた記録がある。
English: The area of Mt. Fuji higher than the 8th station is the compound of Sengen-taisha Shrine except for the climbing trails and Mt. Fuji Weather Station.
Japanese: 富士山の8合目より上の部分は、登山道、富士山測候所を除き、浅間大社の境内となっている。
English: A top Mt. Fuji are located Okumiya (interior shrine) of Mt. Fuji Hongu Sengen-taisha Shrine dedicated to the deity of Mt. Fuji and Konohanano sakuya bime.
Japanese: 富士山頂には富士山本宮浅間大社の奥宮があり、富士山の神とコノハナノサクヤビメを祭る。
English: But according to the legend handed down by Mt. Fuji Hongu Sengen-taisha Shrine, this goddess is known as the 'deity of water' that suppresses fire.
Japanese: しかし、富士山本宮浅間大社の社伝では火を鎮める「水の神」とされている。
English: When and how the deity of Mt. Fuji came to be identified with Konohana sakuya bime is unknown.
Japanese: 富士山の神が木花開耶姫命とされるようになったかは時期・由来とも明らかではない。
English: In the Edo period, climbing Mt. Fuji for worship became widely popular among commoners.
Japanese: 江戸時代になると、富士山の登拜が庶民の間でも広く行なわれるようになった。
English: This practice is believed to have begun as the worship of Mt. Fuji exercised by Tobutsu KAKUGYO (1541 - 1646) who conducted ascetic practices in a cave at the foot of Mt. Fuji from the Sengoku period (period of warring states) to the beginning of the Edo period (from the latter half of the 16th century to the early half of the 17th century).
Japanese: これは戦国時代(日本)から江戸時代初期（16世紀後半から17世紀前半）に富士山麓の人穴で修行した角行藤仏（天文(日本)10年(1541年）-正保3年（1646年）がおこなった富士信仰から始まるとされる。
English: As a result, commoners came to strongly worship Mt Fuji, and many Fujizuka mounds for worship of Mt. Fuji from afar were built at various parts of Edo.
Japanese: 庶民は富士山への信仰を強くし、特に江戸の各地には富士山を遥拝する富士塚が多く作られた。
English: Fujizuka mounds are artificial mounds constructed by filling up earth and were built at places that can command Mt. Fuji, and Sengen-taisha Shrine was built atop those mounds.
Japanese: 富士塚は土を盛って作られた人工の小さな山で、富士山がよく見えるところに作られ、山頂には浅間神社が祀られた。
English: Those mounds were designed to allow people who couldn't visit Mt. Fuji to experience climbing Mt. Fuji and worship it on a simulated manner.
Japanese: 富士塚は、富士山に行くことが出来ない人たちでも擬似的に富士山の登拜を体験することができるようにするものである。
English: In response to the growing popularity of Mt. Fuji worship, various new religions mixing Shintoism and Buddhist based on the Mt. Fuji worship were born in the Edo period.
Japanese: こうした富士山信仰の高まりを受け、江戸時代には富士山信仰を基盤とした神仏混交の新宗教が多数登場した。
English: Those new religions conducted missionary work in Edo and formed Fujiko confraternities, and some such groups became too big to be ignored by the Edo shogunate government, which eventually announced directives to prohibit formation of Fujiko confraternities repeatedly.
Japanese: 新宗教は江戸で布教を行い富士講を組織して、江戸幕府にとっても無視できない規模になることもあり、幕府が富士講禁制の町触を出すこともしばしばであった。
English: For example, the Edo Magistrate's Office announced the directive to prohibit Fujiko seven times from 1774 to 1849.
Japanese: 例えば、1774年から1849年に、江戸町奉行所は7回の禁制の町触を出している。
English: Some of those new religions still survived the hard days of the Meiji era and are still operating, which include such groups as Jikko-kyo, Maruyama-kyo and Fuso-kyo.
Japanese: これらの新宗教は明治期の激動を潜り抜け、今でも実行教・丸山教・扶桑教などと脈絡を保ち続いている。
English: Shinpu Kanro is a method of clarifying things created by Yoshimasa MIURA (1904 - 1971), Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture, who claimed he was an authentic Imperial descendant of the Southern Court.
Japanese: 神風串呂（しんぷうかんろ）は、戦後、南朝正統の皇胤であると主張した愛知県豊川市の三浦芳聖（1904-1971）が創始したものごとを解明する方法。
English: The name 'Kanro Philosophy' is said to have been coined by Masachika NAKANE (developer of Nakane Method of Stenography), President of Ryoyo Gakuen School, who read the manuscript of "Kanro Tetsugaku Part 1 - Clarification of Absolute Truth" written by Yoshimasa MIURA in 1956.
Japanese: 「串呂哲学」という名称は、三浦芳聖が1956年（昭和31年）に著述した『串呂哲学第一輯－絶対真理の解明』の原稿を読んだ京都の両洋学園長・中根正親（中根式速記法の創案者）が名付けたと言われている。
English: Seven Shikobuchi' means major seven shrines which enshrine 'Shikobuchi gods,' which are the gods of belief native to Ado-gawa River basin, runs Kyoto Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture.
Japanese: ｢七シコブチ｣とは、京都府と滋賀県を流れる安曇川流域固有の信仰神である｢しこぶち神｣を祀る主要な7社を指す。
English: This shrine holds Shikobuchi-ko (Shikobuchi beneficial activities) that people arrange for a place to stay by turns every year and gather together to hang a scroll of the god (the character 'Shikobuchi-jinja Shrine' was written) on tokonoma (alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed) and make an offering to it, then cook festive red rice and eat meal together.
Japanese: 毎年輪番に宿を決めて集まり、床の間に神軸（「思子淵神社」と書かれている）を掛けてお供えをし、赤飯を炊いて会食する思子淵講があった。
English: Tenson kigen is a Japanese year-reckoning system which sets the year of tenson korin (the descent to earth of the grandson of the sun goddess) as its first year.
Japanese: 天孫紀元（てんそんきげん）は、天孫降臨が行われたとされる年を基準とする日本の紀年法である。
English: Although it hardly has any chance to be used today, it doesn't mean it is never used.
Japanese: 現在、使われることはほとんどないが、全く使われていないわけではない。
English: This year (2009, the 2,669th year of the Imperial reign) is the 1,795,142th year of tenson kigen.
Japanese: 現在（平成21年、皇紀2669年）は、天孫紀元1795142年である。
English: He is a person in the Emperor Suisin era, who is a descendent of Komata no O (ancestor of Taima no Magarinokimi) who was the member of Imperial family from the lineage of Emperor Kaika.
Japanese: 開化天皇の系統の皇族である小俣王（こまたのおう、当麻勾君（たいまのまがりのきみ）の祖）の血を引く垂仁天皇の時代の人。
English: He, who lived in Taima Villege of Yamato-no-kuni, was proud of his great physical strength and was seeking for fights saying "Measure my strength without questioning life entirely".
Japanese: 大和国の当麻邑（たいまのむら）に住み、強力を誇って「ひたぶるに生死を問わず力比べせむ」と闘争を欲していた。
English: However, it is said that he played sumo wrestling with NOMI no Sukune from Izumo Province by Emperor Suisin's order and that his back was broken by being trampled, after kicking each other in the match.
Japanese: しかし、垂仁天皇の命により出雲国の野見宿禰と角力（角の字は手偏に角と書く）で対戦することになり、互いに蹴り合った後に、腰を踏み折られたという。
English: He is enshrined in the Sumo-jinja Shrine that is an auxiliary shrine of Anashinimasuhyozu-jinja Shrine (Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture), along with NOMI no Sukune.
Japanese: 穴師坐兵主神社（奈良県桜井市）摂社の相撲神社に、野見宿禰とともに祀られている。
English: When Nobunaga ODA went to the capital with Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA in hand and put Kyoto under his dominion, he made his vassal Sadakatsu MURAI the Kyoto Shoshidai, in charge of maintaining the peace in Kyoto, imitating the organization of the Muromachi Shogunate.
Japanese: 京都所司代（きょうとしょしだい）は、織田信長が1568年に足利義昭を擁して上洛し、京都を支配下に置いたとき、室町幕府の機構を踏襲し、家臣の村井貞勝を京都の治安維持のために置いた機関。
English: Sadakatsu died in battle at Nijo-jo Castle along with Nobunaga's heir, Nobutada ODA, in the Incident at Honnoji, in which Mitsuhide AKECHI killed Nobunaga on June 2, 1582.
Japanese: 貞勝は天正10年6月2日、明智光秀が信長を殺した本能寺の変のとき、信長の嫡男・織田信忠と共に二条城で討死してしまった。
English: While Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ruled Kyoto after Nobunaga's death, Sadanari KUWABARA, Ietsugu SUGIHARA, and Nagamasa ASANO (all three in the period from 1582 to 1583), and later Geni MAEDA served as Kyoto Shoshidai.
Japanese: 信長の死後、豊臣秀吉が京都を支配下に置いたときは、桑原貞成、杉原家次、浅野長政（この三名は、いずれも1582年から1583年の短期間）、その後前田玄以が京都所司代を務めている。
English: It had been alternated to both Mitsunari ISHIDA and Nagamori MASITA in around 1954 (Letter from Sakihisa KONOE to Nobusuke KONOE in August of the same year, in the collection of Yomei Bunko).
Japanese: 1594年頃には石田三成・増田長盛両名に交替している（同年8月近衛信輔あて近衛前久書簡・陽明文庫所蔵）。
English: Kyoto Shoshidai was the department that was responsible for keeping the peace in Kyoto in the Edo period.
Japanese: 京都所司代（きょうとしょしだい）は、江戸時代に京都の治安維持の任務にあたった部署である。
English: Kyoto Shoshidai was the post that was responsible for keeping the peace in Kyoto in the Edo period.
Japanese: 京都所司代（きょうとしょしだい）は、江戸時代に京都の治安維持の任務にあたった役職である。
English: Originally, a Shoshi was the leader of a Samurai-dokoro and a Shoshidai was his agent; but the Edo Shogunate did not have any Samurai-dokoro.
Japanese: 本来、侍所の長官を所司といい、その代理を所司代というが、江戸幕府には、侍所は、設けられなかった。
English: Edo Period Shoshidai were set up after the pattern of Rokuhara Tandai in the Kamakura Shogunate, or the Shoshidai of the Muromachi Shogunate (under command of the Samurai-dokoro, in charge of security in Kyoto).
Japanese: 江戸時代の所司代は鎌倉幕府におかれた六波羅探題や室町幕府におかれた所司代（侍所麾下、京都の治安担当）に倣って設置されたものである。
English: The Shoshidai's offices and residence were set up on the north side of Nijo-jo Castle, and did not use Nijo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 所司代の役所や、住居は、二条城の北に隣接した場所に設けられ、二条城は使用されなかった。
English: The Kyoto Gundai was also put in place to govern Kyoto and the surrounding area, but later split into the Kyoto Machibugyo, which was responsible for the city, and the Kyoto Daikan, which managed the surrounding area, the Imperial Household territory, and the Court Noble territory there.
Japanese: また、支配下に京都とその周辺の行政のために京都郡代が置かれたが、後に町中を担当する京都町奉行と周辺部やそこにある皇室領・公家領を管理する京都代官に分離するようになった。
English: Although he was the overall boss of government officials in Kyoto, and officials such as the Kyoto Machibugyo, in charge of Kyoto city government, and the Kinritsuki, who supervised the Imperial Court and palace, ordinarily followed the Shoshidai's commands, he was under the jurisdiction of the Roju.
Japanese: 京都に置かれた役人の総元締めの立場にあったが、京都市政を預かる京都町奉行や宮中・御所の監督にあたる禁裏付などの役職は平時は所司代の指揮に従うものの、老中の管轄であった。
English: Because it was difficult for the Shoshidai to keep the peace in the capital by himself during the period of upheaval at the end of the Edo era, the Kyoto Shugoshoku was put at the highest level of the organization; and the Shoshidai was subordinate to him.
Japanese: 幕末動乱期は所司代だけでは、京の治安を治めるのは難しく、その上に最高機構として京都守護職をおき、所司代はその下に入った。
English: "Temples and Shrines of Kyoto and the Toyotomi Government" by Shinsho ITO (Hozokan, 2003) ISBN 4-8318-6031-X
Japanese: 伊藤真昭『京都の寺社と豊臣政権』（法蔵館、2003年）ISBN4-8318-6031-X
English: Onmyoji (pronounced as on-myo-ji or on-yo-ji, meaning oracle) was the name of a government post in the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) of the Nakatsukasasho (Central Affairs Ministry) under the Ritsuryo legal system of ancient Japan.
Japanese: 陰陽師（おんみょうじ、おんようじ）とは、古代日本の律令制下に於いて中務省の陰陽寮に属した官職の1つである。
English: Onmyoji, who were assigned as hogi (otherwise known as a gikan, meaning a bureaucrat with specialized skills), originally performed only senzei and chiso (rituals performed to determine lucky and unlucky directions) using Onmyodo, which is based on the principles of Inyo gogyo (Yin-Yang and the Five Elements), but later were given responsibility for all divinations, magic, and religious services outside the provisions of the Ritsuryo legal system.
Japanese: 陰陽五行の思想に基づいた陰陽道によって占筮及び地相などを行う方技（技官）として配置され、後には本来の律令規定を超えて占術・呪術・祭祀全般をつかさどるようになった職掌のことをいう。
English: After the medieval period, Onmyoji referred mainly to non-bureaucrats who performed divination, magic, and religious services independently among the civilian population in various locations, today, they are a type of Shinto-priest who recite prayers and perform divination in the private sector.
Japanese: 中世以降は、主に各地において民間で個人的に占術・呪術・祭祀を行う非官人の者を指すようになり、現代においては民間で私的祈祷や占術を行う神職の一種として定義付けられている。
English: While the effect of these principles on politics and culture was insignificant at first, after Kanroku, the pioneer of Onmyodo in Japan, arrived from Baekje in 602 and lectured to 34 selected bureaucrats, including Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku), they began to have a major impact on national politics.
Japanese: 当初はこれら諸学の政治・文化に対する影響は僅少であったものの、602年（推古天皇10年）に日本における陰陽道のパイオニアとも言うべき存在となった観勒が百済から来日し、聖徳太子をはじめとして選ばれた34名の官僚に諸学を講じると我国の国政に大きな影響を与えるようになった。
English: The influence of inyo gogyo became significant when the almanac (Genka-reki or Genka calendar) was adopted as the official calendar for the first time in Japan, and when Kenzuishi (Japanese delegates to the Sui Dynasty) were dispatched to the culturally advanced Sui commencing in 607 to absorb Buppo (Law of Buddhism/ Dharma), the principles of Inyo Gogyo and rekiho (method of making calendars), and when the Seventeen-Article Constitution and Twelve-cap rank system were established by Shotoku taishi.
Japanese: 初めて日本において暦（元嘉暦）が官暦として採用され、仏法や陰陽五行思想・暦法などを吸収するために607年（推古天皇15年）には先進文明国である随に向けて遣隋使の派遣が始められたほか、聖徳太子の十七条憲法や冠位十二階の制定においても陰陽五行思想の影響が色濃く現れることとなった。
English: Thereafter, the Imperial Court continued to strive to absorb additional knowledge by having students accompany Kenzuishi (and subsequently Kentoshi, the Japanese delegations to visit the Tang Dynasty) and by inviting numerous Buddhist monks and scholars from Mainland China or various ports of call from the Korean Peninsula.
Japanese: その後も、朝廷は遣隋使（後には遣唐使）に留学生を随行させたり、中国本土ないし寄港地の朝鮮半島西岸から多数の僧侶ないし学者を招聘して、さらなる知識吸収につとめた。
English: As the introduction of these learnings progressed, a perception developed, whereby, to "predict the future and receive guidance for everything concerning human life by studying the movements and positions of nichigetsuseishin (the sun, the moon, and the stars) and to judge good, bad, auspicious or harmful signs based upon the principles of gogyo and the way of productive and conflicting relationships in the natural world" became important and greater faith in the principles of inyo gogyo as a measure used to establish codes of conduct by judging good and bad fortunes.
Japanese: 諸学の導入が進むと、日本においては『日月星辰の運行・位置を考え五行思想相生相克の理による吉凶禍福を判じて未来を占い、人事百般の指針を得る』ことが重要であると考えられるようになり、吉凶を判断し行動規範を得るための方策として陰陽五行思想が重視されることとなった。
English: In the 7th century, Emperor Tenmu, a master of tenmontonko who personally performed divinations with a choku during the Jinshin War and who had great knowledge of the principles of inyo gogyo, set up 'Onmyoryo' and Japan's first senseidai (astrology station) in 676.
Japanese: 7世紀には、壬申の乱の際に自ら栻（ちょく）を取って占うほど天文遁甲の達人で陰陽五行思想に造詣の深かった天武天皇が、676年（天武天皇4年）に「陰陽寮」や日本初の占星台を設けた。
English: In 685, as the principles of inyo gogyo grew more popular, with the term 'onmyoji' starting to be used, it was put into statutory form to install Onmyoryo as a ryo (in line with the ritsuryo system) as a division of Department of Nakatsukasasho, by the ritsuryo formally announced in the Yoro period in 718 and when it was stipulated that tenmon hakase, onmyo hakase, onmyoji, reki hakase, and rokoku hakase be made permanent posts as gikan (bureaucrats with specialized skills), they began to officially perform divinations alongside jingikan (a bureaucrat in charge of Shinto ceremonies) who were responsible for kiiboku (fortune telling using turtle shells).
Japanese: 685年（天武天皇13年）には「陰陽師」という用語が使い始められるなど、陰陽五行思想はさらに盛んとなり、718年の養老律令において、中務省の内局である寮(律令制)としての陰陽寮の設置が明文化され、これに技官として天文博士・陰陽博士・陰陽師・暦博士・漏刻博士が常任されることが規定されると、神祇官の龜卜と並んで公的に式占を司ることとなった。
English: Since hogi was responsible for the arts being brought over from the continent, toraijin (foreigners that came to Japan) were well versed in the various learnings with good reading skills in the Chinese classics, who were generally from Eastern Han, Western Han, or Sui that gained supremacy in place of the Hans in Mainland China, as well as Goguryeo/Baekje that had power in western Korean Peninsula, and, in rare cases, scholar monks from Silla that were powerful in eastern Korean Peninsula at that time were appointed as various hakase or onmyoji.
Japanese: 大陸伝来の技術を担当する方技だけに、各博士や陰陽師には、諸学に通じ漢文の読解に長けた渡来人、おしなべて中国本土の前漢・後漢・代わって大陸覇権を握った隋、朝鮮半島西岸に勢力を有した高句麗・百済、まれに当初朝鮮半島東岸勢力であった新羅から帰来した学僧が任命されている。
English: In particular, later in 663, during the fall of the Baekje Dynasty after losing the Baekgang War when Japan had sent reinforcements to its ally Baekje and Silla consolidated the Korean Peninsula, a large number of experts in various fields came to Japan as refugees and many of them were subsequently appointed to government posts.
Japanese: 特に、後の663年（天智2年）に日本が親密国であった百済に援軍を出した白村江の戦の敗戦により新羅が朝鮮半島を統一して百済王朝が滅亡した際の前後には、百済から大量の有識者が亡命者として渡来し、その中から多くの者が任官している。
English: The position that manages Onmyoryo to supervise all work related to astronomy, the calendar, wind/clouds and atmospheric conditions, when abnormal conditions occur, to seal the record to make sure information is not leaked outside and private reports to the Emperor (tenmon misso (reporting unusual astronomical phenomena to the emperor)), to submit the new year's calendar developed by reki hakase by November 1 of the year (goryakuso (submission of the next year's calendar)), and reporting the outcome of senzei and chiso to the Emperor each time they are performed.
Japanese: 陰陽寮を統括し、天文・暦・風雲・気色をのすべてを監督して、異常発生時には外部に漏れることなくこれを記録密封し極秘に上奏（天文密奏）、暦博士が作成した新年の暦を毎年11月1日までに調進（御暦奏）、また都度占筮及び地相の結果を上奏する職務。
English: Observes astronomical conditions to seal off any abnormal changes, and functions as Instrustor to train 10 astronomy student apprentices.
Japanese: 天文の気色を観測して異変があれば部外に漏れぬようこれを密封するとともに、修習生である天文生10名を指導する教官。