nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: His younger brother, Magoshiro (later, Hisayuki AMAGO), was put under the custody of the Aki-Takeda clan, shugo of Aki Province.
Japanese: 弟の孫四郎（後の尼子久幸）は、安芸の守護、武田氏安芸武田氏の元へ預けられた。
English: After a long period of hiding, Tsunehisa rallied his old retainers including the Yamanaka clan, the Kamei clan, the Maki clan and the Kawazoe clan in November, the next year.
Japanese: 長い放浪生活の末、追放された翌年の10月に、旧臣の山中氏・亀井氏・真木氏・川副氏らを糾合。
English: As a result, the size of his army ballooned to about one hundred soldiers, and Tsunehisa waited for the right time to recapture Gassantoda Castle.
Japanese: その結果、兵を総勢100人余にまで膨れ上がらせた経久は、月山富田城を奪還する機会を窺った。
English: Seventy members of the Gama-to party led by Yanosaburo HACHIYA were invited to a traditional festival to perform a dance to celebrate a new year and longevity on the new year's day of 1486.
Japanese: 文明18年（1486年）元日、鉢屋弥之三郎率いる賀麻党70人は、恒例の新年を賀して千秋万歳を舞う催しに招かれた。
English: Tsunehisa intruded to the back of the Castle on the new year's eve, while the defense of soldiers of Gassantoda Castle was down, and broke into the castle with the Gama-to party as a guide, after firing guns to stun people inside.
Japanese: 兵の気が緩んでいる内に経久は大晦日から富田城の裏手に潜み、火薬の詰まった武器を轟音発して城内の者を驚かせた後、賀麻党の手引きにより城中に切り込んだ。
English: The castle commander, Kamonnosuke ENYA, finally suicided himself after killing his wife and children, which brought Tsunehisa back to power as the lord of Gassantoda Castle and let him win the independence from the Kyogoku clan.
Japanese: 城将塩冶掃部介は妻子を殺害し自害し、これにより経久は城主に返り咲き、京極氏から独立した。
English: However, it is not clear whether these episodes are true, because there are not many records left to ensure the moves of Tsunehisa during this period, except war chronicles written in the Edo Period.
Japanese: ただ、上記の時期での経久の動向を示す当時の資料が余り無く、江戸時代になってからの軍記物で伝わるものだけであって、本当に流浪時代での内容が事実かどうかは不明である。
English: Also, considering that his eldest legitimate son, Masahisa (政久) AMAGO, was given one kanji character from his former lord, Masatsune KYOGOKU, it is rational to think that Tsunehisa was forgiven for his tax embezzlement charges and later handed over the post of shugo from Masatsune.
Japanese: また、嫡男尼子政久は主君京極政経より偏諱を受けていることと等を踏まえると、段銭横領の罪の後も許され、後に政経より守護地位を譲られたとする方が妥当である。
English: Therefore, it is safe to say that Tsunehisa obtained the post of shugo in a relatively moderate manner, not in the Gekokujo (a revolt of vassals against their lord) fashion as imagined from those stories.
Japanese: よって、上記ような下克上のイメージとは違い、経久が比較的穏健な形で守護地位を獲得したと思われる。
English: Although the Amago clan made the Misawa clan, a local lord of Izumo Province, surrender once in 1488, the two clans faced each other several times in later years, as the Amago clan failed to completely suppress the Misawa clan.
Japanese: 長享2年（1488年）、出雲の国人三沢氏を降伏させるも、この後に何度か三沢氏とは対立しており、完全な配下には置けていない。
English: Masatsune ended his life at the age of 50 at Ankoku-ji Temple of Izumo Province with leaving his letter asking to take care of his son, Magodojimaru.
Japanese: そして子の孫童子丸を預けるという書状を書き残し、出雲の安国寺で生涯を終えた（享年50）。
English: Tsunehisa was officially appointed as Izumo shugo in 1508, upon the death of his lord, Masatsune KYOGOKU.
Japanese: 主君京極政経の没年永正5年（1508年）に、経久は正式に出雲守護職に任命された。
English: It is believed that after appointed as shugo, Tsunehisa received an order from the bakufu to subjugate the Miyoshi clan and began fighting against the clan in Kyoto in response to the order.
Japanese: そして守護就任に伴い、幕府から三好氏の討伐の命令が出されたとされ、経久はこの命に応じ、三好氏と京にて戦っているとされている。
English: For about thirty years from 1488, Tsunehisa had focused on unifying the nation rather than conquering other provinces.
Japanese: 只、長享2年（1488年）からこの後約30年余りの間は、対外遠征よりも国内統一へ向けて行動している。
English: In 1511, Yoshioki OUCHI, the family head of the Ouchi clan and Daidaimyo (a feudal lord having a greater stipend) of the Chugoku region, went up to Kyoto.
Japanese: 永正8年（1511年）、中国地方の大大名である大内氏当主大内義興が上洛。
English: It is believed that Tsunehisa accompanied the travel to the capital and joined the Battle of Funaokayama in Kyoto, but further details are unknown.
Japanese: この上洛に経久は従い、京都では船岡山合戦に参加したとされているが、詳細は不明。
English: Tsunehisa supported a rebellion by Tamenobu KOSHI, the lord of Obayama Castle and a local lord of Bingo Province, against the Ouchi clan in 1512.
Japanese: 永正9年（1512年）、備後国国人の大場山城主古志為信の大内氏への反乱を支援している。
English: Around the same period, his second son, Kunihisa AMAGO, was renamed after Takakuni HOSOKAWA and his third son, Okihisa ENYA, was renamed after Yoshioki OUCHI, indicating that Tsunehisa tried to have a closer relationship with these two clans.
Japanese: この時期に、次男尼子国久は細川高国から、三男塩冶興久は大内義興から偏諱を受けており、両者との関係を親密にしようとしていたものと思われる。
English: In 1517, Tsunehisa partnered with the former Iwami shugo, the Yamana clan, who was not satisfied with the appointment of Yoshioki OUCHI as Iwami shugo, and the two clans attacked a castle of the Iwami-Ouchi clan.
Japanese: 永正14年（1517年）、大内義興の石見守護就任に納得出来なかった前石見守護山名氏と手を結び、石見大内方の城を攻めている。
English: In 1518, Tsunehisa ordered his younger brother, Hisayuki, to attack Munekatsu NANJO of Hoki Province, while sending his eldest son, Masahisa AMAGO, to Togishi Castle where Soteki SAKURAI, who defected from the Amago clan, locked himself.
Japanese: 永正15年（1518年）、経久は弟の久幸に伯耆国の南条宗勝を攻めさせる一方、嫡男・尼子政久を叛旗を翻した桜井宗的の籠もる磨石城へ差し向けた。
English: The clan also moved forces up to Aki Province and attacked Kagamiyama Castle, a governing base of the Ouchi clan, and also had Motonari MORI and Komatsumaru MORI on the Amago side to join the attack through the order of Hidetsuna KAMEI, a senior vassal of the Amago clan.
Japanese: 安芸へも手を伸ばし、大永3年（1523年）には大内氏の安芸経営の拠点である鏡山城を攻め、重臣亀井秀綱の命で、傘下の毛利元就と当主毛利幸松丸に攻城させた。
English: Due to a brilliant tactic of Motonari, Naonobu KURATA, an uncle of the castle lord (Fusanobu KURATA), switched to the Amago clan, and Fusanobu KURATA, the castle lord, committed suicide before Kagamiyama Castle fell to Tsunehisa.
Japanese: 元就は策略を使い、城主蔵田房信の叔父、蔵田直信を寝返らせ、城主の蔵田房信は自害し、鏡山城は落城した。
English: In the same year, however, the Aki-Takeda clan and Tomoda clan on the Amago side lost to the Ouchi clan, and in 1525, Motonari MORI switched sides to the Ouchi clan by ruining a favorable relationship with the Amago clan, after an internal conflict with his younger brother, Mototsuna AIO.
Japanese: しかし、同年には尼子方であった安芸武田氏・友田氏が大内氏に敗北し、翌大永5年（1525年）には元就は弟の相合元綱との内紛の後、尼子との関係を解消して大内氏に所属を変えた。
English: Although the Amago clan had a stronger power then other lords, this incident changed a power balance among influential clans in Aki Province.
Japanese: これにより、尼子氏に傾いていた安芸国の勢力バランスが変わることになった。
English: It is said that the defection of the Mori clan was caused mainly by the involvement of Hidetsuna KAMEI, a vassal of the Amago clan, in the succession race of the Mori clan, but it seems that Tsunehisa's strong ulterior motive also played a part.
Japanese: 毛利氏の離反は、毛利氏の後継争いに尼子家臣・亀井秀綱が介入したことが大きな原因とされているが、実際には経久の強い意向が働いていたと思われる。
English: In 1524, Tsunehisa, who led his troops to invade western Hoki Province, beat Munekatsu NANJO and made shugo, Sumiyuki YAMANA, flee the province.
Japanese: 大永4年（1524年）、経久が軍勢を率い、西伯耆に侵攻し、南条宗勝を破り、更に守護・山名澄之を敗走させた。
English: Most samurais of Hoki Province who lost in the battle fled to Inaba Province and Tajima Province, while Munekatsu NANJO resorted to the Yamana clan (Taiei no Satsuki kuzure).
Japanese: 敗北した伯耆国人の多くは因幡国・但馬国へと逃亡し、南条宗勝は山名氏を頼った（大永の五月崩れ）。
English: After the Yamana clan, which held the post of Hoki and Bingo shugo, expressed its stance as anti-Amago clan in 1526, the Amago clan found itself in a tight spot as being encompassed by the Ouchi clan and Yamana clan.
Japanese: 大永6年（1526年）、伯耆・備後守護職であった山名氏が反尼子方であることを鮮明とし、尼子氏は大内氏・山名氏に包囲される形で窮地に立たされる。
English: In 1527, Tsunehisa led his force to Bingo Province but was defeated by Okifusa SUE, which encouraged most local lords of Bingo Province to defect from the Amago clan to the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: 翌大永7年（1527年）、経久は自ら備後へと兵を出兵させるも陶興房に敗走し、尼子方であった備後国人の大半が大内氏へと寝返った。
English: In 1528, Tsunehisa led his forces again up to Bingo Province and made Shitomiyama Castle of the Tagayama clan surrender, while the Takahashi clan on the Iwami-Amago side fell to the Mori and Wachi clans.
Japanese: 享禄元年(1528年）、再び経久は自ら備後へと赴き多賀山氏の蔀山城攻めこれを陥落させるも、同年5月には石見国尼子方の高橋氏が毛利・和智氏により滅ぼされている。
English: In 1530, Okihisa ENYA, the third son of Tsunehisa, declared his stance as anti-Amago clan, triggering an internal conflict.
Japanese: 享禄3年（1530年）、三男塩冶興久が、反尼子派であることを鮮明にして内紛が勃発した。
English: Okihisa had Izumo Taisha Shrine, Gakuen-ji Shrine, the Misawa clan, the Taga clan and the Bingo-Yamauchi clan on his side, indicating that the internal conflict turned out to be a large-scale rebellion.
Japanese: この時に興久は出雲大社・鰐淵寺・三沢氏・多賀氏・備後山内氏等の諸勢力を味方に付けており、大規模な反乱であったことが伺える。
English: Around the same time, Okihisa called for support from the Ouchi clan, while Tsunehisa also sent a letter to ask for support from the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: また、同時期には興久は大内氏に援助を求めており、経久も同じ時期に文を持って伝えている。
English: According to a letter written by Okifusa SUE (a vassal of the Ouchi clan) on May 28, 1530, Okihisa confronted Tsunehisa directly and beat back attacks of Tsunehisa several times.
Japanese: 当時の大内氏家臣陶興房が享禄3年5月28日に記した書状を見るにしても、興久は経久と真っ向から対立しており、更には経久の攻撃を何度も退けていることが伺える。
English: After the Ouchi clan received a call for support from the two sides, the clan ultimately decided to support Tsunehisa and was reconciled with the Amago clan.
Japanese: また、大内氏は両者から支援を求められるも、最終的には経久側を支援しており、尼子氏と和睦している。
English: The rebellion was suppressed in 1534, and Okihisa fled to Kotachi Castle of the Bingo-Yamauchi clan and suicided himself there after attacked by his own nephew, Akihisa AMAGO.
Japanese: だが、この反乱は天文3年（1534年）に鎮圧され、興久は備後山内氏の甲立城に逃れた後、甥である詮久の攻撃等もあり自害した。
English: During the same period, Tamekiyo OKI, a local lord of Oki Province, also staged a rebellion but got suppressed immediately.
Japanese: また、同時期には隠岐国の国人隠岐為清が反乱を起こしているが、すぐに鎮圧されている。
English: The Amago clan continued its power extension to further east by invading Bizen Province.
Japanese: また、その後も備前へと侵攻するなど勢力を徐々に東へと拡大していった。
English: Thanks to a continued conflict between the Otomo clan and the Ouchi clan (or, a peaceful, although superficial, relationship between the Amago clan and the Ouchi clan), the Amago clan succeeded in expanding its territory to further east by winning a crushing victory against Harumasa AKAMATSU, the family head of the Akamatsu clan and shugo of Harima Province.
Japanese: 大友氏と大内氏の争いが続いていたこともあり（又は大内氏とは表面上は和睦状態だった為）、東部への勢力を更に拡大すべく播磨国守護の赤松氏当主赤松晴政と戦い大勝する。
English: However, as Miki Castle, where the Bessho clan held up fighting, changed sides to the Amago clan in 1539, Masahiro fled to Sakai.
Japanese: 翌年の天文8年（1539年）、別所氏が籠城する三木城が尼子方へと寝返ったため、政祐は堺へと逃亡。
English: Although this encouraged Akihisa AMAGO to prepare for an upcoming visit to the capital, the Otomo clan reversed a peace agreement with the Amago clan after being reconciled with the Ouchi clan, and recaptured the Iwami-ginzan Silver Mine from the Amago clan.
Japanese: これにより詮久は京へ上洛する構えを見せたが、大友氏が大内氏と和解、更には尼子氏との和睦を破棄され石見銀山を奪回された。
English: In the same year, Sato-Kanayama Castle owned by the Takeda clan on the Aki-Amago side fell to the Ouchi clan, although it was sent reinforcements from the Amago clan, and the family head, Nobuzane TAKEDA, fled to Wakasa Province temporarily.
Japanese: 同年、大内氏によって尼子氏から援兵を受けていた安芸尼子方の武田氏居城佐東銀山城が落城、当主武田信実は一時若狭へと逃亡する。
English: In 1540, Haruhisa AMAGO accepted a demand from Nobuzane TAKEDA to subjugate the Mori clan, a local lord of Aki Province on the Ouchi side, and moved his forces.
Japanese: 天文9年（1540年）、大内氏勢力下にある安芸国人の毛利氏の討伐を、武田信実の要請を受け入れ晴久は出陣。
English: The war conditions were advantageous to the Amago clan which had a force of 30,000 soldiers including reinforcements from other provinces.
Japanese: 周囲の形勢は尼子氏に有利であり、その軍勢は諸外国からの援兵も加わり30000騎へと膨れ上がっていた。
English: The Amago clan led this large force to besiege and attack Yoshida-Koriyama Castle several times but failed to make it fall, and in the following year, the reinforcements of the Ouchi clan led by Harukata SUE and 10,000 other soldiers arrived at the battle field to raid the headquarters of the Amago army, after praying at Itsukushima-jinja Shrine for victory, which produced casualties on the Amago side (the Battle of Yoshida Koriyama Castle).
Japanese: この大軍を率い吉田郡山城を包囲、これを落城させるべく攻撃を仕掛けるも悉く失敗し、そして翌年には厳島神社にて戦勝祈願を終えた陶晴賢率いる大内援兵10000騎が到着し、その後尼子氏は本陣奇襲を受け人的損害を被った（吉田郡山城の戦い）。
English: On December 20, 1541, Tsunehisa ended his long and eventful life at Gassantoda Castle.
Japanese: 天文10年（1541年）11月13日、月山富田城で波乱に満ちた長い生涯を閉じた。
English: Tsunehisa is a typical example of achieving Gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite), as is Soun HOJO, and was also nicknamed 'Bosei' (a master of tactics) or 'Bosho' (a commander of tactics) for his genuine talent in devising schemes, as were Motonari MORI and Naoie UKITA.
Japanese: 北条早雲と並ぶ下剋上の典型であり、毛利元就や宇喜多直家と並ぶ謀略の天才とも云われ、「謀聖（ぼうせい）」・「謀将（ぼうしょう）」と称された。
English: In a drama titled 'Motonari MORI (broadcast by NHK)', Tsunehisa was depicted as a man who was an iron-hearted scheming samurai and used even his death as one of his schemes.
Japanese: 大河ドラマ「毛利元就(NHK大河ドラマ)」では、経久が鬼のような謀略家とされ、最後には自分の死すら謀略に利用したように描かれた。
English: Although Tsunehisa was cold hearted when devising a scheme, he was very kind and considerate to his vassals.
Japanese: 謀略家としては冷徹であったが、その一方で家臣に対しては非常に気を使う優しい人物でった。
English: As one anecdote to tell how kind Tsunehisa was, "Chirizuka Monogatari" (Tales of Chirizuka) describes that whenever his vassals praised his valuable belongings, Tsunehisa was so pleased that he give it to them, and therefore, his vassals stopped giving praise but just enjoyed viewing them.
Japanese: 経久の人柄を偲ばせる逸話として、『塵塚物語』は、経久は家臣が経久の持ち物を褒めると、たいそう喜んでどんな高価なものでも、すぐにその家臣に与えてしまうため、家臣たちは気を使って、経久の持ち物を褒めず眺めているだけにしたと伝えている。
English: However, at one time, when one vassal, who thought it would be okay to praise a pine tree in a garden, complimented beautiful foliage of the tree, Tsunehisa tried to dig it out for the vassal, for which other vassals scrambled to stop.
Japanese: ある時、ある家臣が庭の松の木なら大丈夫だろう思い、松の枝ぶりをほめたところ、経久はその松を掘り起こして渡そうとしたため、周囲の者が慌てて止めたという。
English: People said he had wasted the tree, but Tsunehisa did not care at all.
Japanese: 世人はもったいないことだ、と話たが、経久は全く気にもしなかったという。
English: While in winter, Tsunehisa sometimes gave his vassal what he wore and spend the rest of the day with only kosode (thin cotton underclothing) on.
Japanese: また冬には着ている着物を脱いでは家臣に与えてしまったので、薄綿の小袖一枚で過ごしていたとも。
English: As these anecdotes are not typical stories for a military commander during the Sengoku Period, they are highly likely to be true.
Japanese: これらの逸話は戦国武将としては類型が無いことから、案外事実である可能性が高い。
English: Worldwide, Attila had a similar bilateral character; he was feared as a butcher and looter by his enemies, but so generous to his vassals that he gave gorgeous accessories he looted to them, although he wore plain clothes himself.
Japanese: なお海外にまで視点を広げれば、同様の二面性を持った人間として、敵には殺戮者・略奪者として恐れられながら、家臣に対しては略奪品の豪華な装身具を気前良く渡して、自分自身は質素な服で過ごしたアッティラの例がある。
English: In the era of Harushisa, a legitimate grandchild of Tsunehisa, the clan still had a contact with Hongan-ji Temple, and in a diary of the temple, the Amago clan sometimes appeared.
Japanese: 嫡孫晴久の代にも本願寺とは連絡を取っており、度々本願寺側の日記にも尼子氏の名は登場している。
English: As the Kokujin-shu (powerful families in a province) under the control of Tsunehisa were not direct retainers of the Amago clan, their status was unstable.
Japanese: 経久配下の国人衆は尼子氏の直接配下とは言えず、非常に不安定なものであった。
English: Therefore, Tsunehisa tried to unite and control the Kokujin-shu of Izumo Province through making an expedition and invading other provinces.
Japanese: これらを統一し掌握するべく、経久は対外遠征による侵略により出雲国内の国人衆をまとめようと努力している。
English: The Amago clan was run by creating a clear target for their Kokujin-shu to aim at.
Japanese: この様に配下国人衆に対して明確な目標を掲げ、それに従わせることによって尼子氏は運営されていた。
English: It was a daimyos' typical method to manage their territories, and the most famous daimyo who took this method was the Takeda clan led by Shingen TAKEDA.
Japanese: これは同時代の大名にも同じことも多く、最も有名なのが武田信玄率いる武田氏である。
English: In the era of Tsunehisa, as the Amago clan did not have a big influence in Izumo Province, Okihisa, the third son of Tsunehisa, was put for adoption to the Enya clan to increase the influence of the Amago clan, but the tactic finished in failure, as Okihisa rose in revolt.
Japanese: 出雲国内の尼子氏が及ぼす影響力は経久の時期は低く、それらの解決策として三男興久を塩冶氏に養子に出すも、それが裏目に出て実子の反乱という失策を招いている。
English: Haruhisa, the legitimate grandchild, had the best period of the Amago clan as a Daidaimyo of the Chugoku region.
Japanese: 嫡孫である晴久は、尼子氏は中国地方の大大名として最盛期を迎えている。
English: However, as the Amago clan had grown so big in the era of Tsunehisa without achieving fundamentals, i.e. seizing a full control over Kokunin-shu, Tsunehisa left a lot of 'negative legacy' to the family head of the next generation, Haruhisa, upon his death.
Japanese: しかし、経久の時期に国人衆の完全な掌握という領国支配の根本が未熟なまま大名尼子氏が肥大化したために、最期には次代の当主晴久に多くの「負の遺産」を残してこの世を去ったのである。
English: The management policy of Tsunehisa featured how to control Kokujin-shu through power and emotions, and also put an importance on independence of each family entangled with vested interests of a bigger group.
Japanese: 経久方針は、権威や情に絡んだ物による国人衆の統制であり、集団利権に絡んだ個々の独立性を重視したものだったのである。
English: The negative legacy triggered the purge of Shingu-to (the elite group of the Amago army) and also an ultimate fall of the Amago clan in the era of Yoshihisa AMAGO, a great-grandchild of Tsunehisa.
Japanese: この負の遺産が、新宮党粛清の憂き目、更には曾孫尼子義久の代で尼子氏が滅亡する遠因ともなっている。
English: The Amago clan is referred to as a governor-general of eleven provinces, but in fact, the clan governed only eastern Izumo Province (western Izumo was not completely ruled by the Amago clan, as demonstrated in the Rebellion by Okihisa ENYA), Oki Province and a part of Iwami Province and western Hoki Province, but other areas had different rulers at times.
Japanese: 11ヶ国の太守と形容されるが、実質上支配下に置けた勢力はあくまで東出雲（西出雲は塩冶興久の乱が起こったように、尼子氏の勢力は極めて不安定）・隠岐国・石見一部・西伯耆であり、他地域は流動的であった。
English: The main base of the Amago clan was in Sanin (mountain provinces behind the Sanyo or Inland Sea provinces), and because the power relations of the clan contained a superficial hierarchical one between the lord and vassals and also probably Tsunehisa had some problems himself, many local lords of Izumo Province ended up in staging a rebellion against the clan.
Japanese: 実際の尼子氏の基盤は山陰が主であり、勢力図も形式的な主従関係が含まれたものであり、更には経久自身にも問題があったのか多くの出雲国人の造反を招いている。
English: In addition, it is true that a prominent presence of the Ouchi clan in the Chugoku region, the base of the clan, eventually caused a struggle among the Amago clan in destroying the Ouchi clan, and also the Rebellion of Okihisa pushed the Amago family into a quagmire.
Japanese: その上、中国地方には長年の間、基盤を固めていた大内氏の存在は大きく、やはり最終的には大内氏の侵攻に苦慮しているし、興久の乱により家中が泥沼状態に向かったというのも事実である。
English: However, it should be highly evaluated that Tsunehisa and Haruhisa built a power relationship only in two generations equal in size to the one of the Ouchi clan, Daidaimyo.
Japanese: しかし、大内氏という大大名を相手に、対等な勢力図を経久・晴久の2代で築いたのは評価出来るだろう。
English: FUJIWARA no Fuhito (659 - September 13, 720) was a Kugyo (high court noble) who lived from the Asuka Period through the early Nara Period.
Japanese: 藤原不比等（ふじわらのふひと、皇極天皇5年（659年）-養老4年8月3日(旧暦)（720年9月13日））は、飛鳥時代から奈良時代初期にかけての公卿。
English: In historical materials including 'Kofuku-ji Engi' (origin of Kofuku-ji Temple), 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror), 'Kugyobunin' (directory of court nobles) and 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (Bloodlines of Noble and Base), Fuhito was referred to as an 'illegitimate child' of the Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: 「興福寺縁起」、「大鏡」、「公卿補任」、「尊卑分脈」などの史料では天智天皇の「御落胤」と書かれる。
English: In 698, it was decided that only the direct descendants of Fuhito would have the right to succeed the FUJIWARA clan and hold the post of Daijokan (Grand Council of State).
Japanese: 文武天皇2年（698年）には、不比等の子孫のみが藤原氏を名乗り、太政官の官職に就くことができるとされた。
English: Kamatari's other sons succeeded the NAKATOMI clan, an original family name of Kamatari, and were assigned to religious service as Jingikan (an officer of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony), treated quite differently from Fuhito.
Japanese: 不比等以外の鎌足の子は、鎌足の元の姓である中臣氏とされ、神祇官として祭祀のみを担当することと明確に分けられた。
English: The name 'Fuhito' means 'incomparably better than other people'.
Japanese: 不比等という名前は「他に比べることができるものがいない程優れている」というような意味である。
English: Although Fuhito, like his father, had a close relationship with the Omi Imperial Court, he, not having taken any side during the Jinshin War (a war over succession to the imperial throne between the Prince Otomo and the Prince Oama) because of his age (13th year), did not receive any punishment from the Omi Imperial Court (the Prince Otomo) or any reward from the opposing the Tenmu Imperial Court (the Prince Oama).
Japanese: 父の生前の関係から、近江朝に近い立場にいたが、壬申の乱の時は、数えで13歳であったために何の関与もせず、近江朝に対する処罰の対象にも天武天皇朝に対する功績の対象にも入らなかった。
English: However, because some influential officials who were from the same clan (the NAKATOMI clan) as Kamatari in the Omi Imperial Court such as NAKATOMI no Kane were punished as important figures in the Court, people from the NAKATOMI (FUJIWARA) clan were driven out of the inner circle of the Tenmu Imperial Court.
Japanese: だが、中臣金をはじめとする鎌足の同族（中臣氏）の有力者が近江朝の要人として処罰を受けたこともあって、天武朝の時代には中臣（藤原）氏は朝廷の中枢から一掃された形となった。
English: Fuhito therefore lost the backing of powerful figures in the Court and had to start from a lower rank to establish himself.
Japanese: よって、有力な後ろ盾を持たない不比等は下級官人からの立身を余儀なくされたと考えられている。
English: After having worked successfully for the enthronement of the Prince Karu (the Emperor Monmu), a son of the Prince Kusakabe, he appeared on the political scene as the guardian of the emperor.
Japanese: 草壁皇子の息子、697年軽皇子（文武天皇）の擁立に功績があり、その後見として政治の表舞台に出てくる。
English: With the support of Agata no INUKAI no Michiyo (later TACHIBANA no Michiyo), a dowager, Fuhito deepened the relations with the Imperial family and married off his daughter, Miyako, to the Emperor Monmu, to both of whom Fuhito's grandson, the Prince Obito (later Emperor Shomu), was born.
Japanese: また後室の県犬養三千代の力添えにより、皇室との関係を深め、文武天皇に娘宮子を嫁がせ首皇子（聖武天皇）を産ませている。
English: After Fuhito died, Komyoshi was enthroned as the Empress Komyo with the help of Fujiwara four brothers, the sons of Fuhito, and became the first subject who turned into an empress.
Japanese: 光明子は不比等の死後、不比等の息子の藤原四兄弟の力によって光明皇后となり初の人臣皇后の例となった。
English: Also, he was actively involved in compiling Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) and later Yoro Ritsuryo Code, but he died of an illness in 720 and the compilation work was halted.
Japanese: また、大宝律令の編纂にも関与、その後、養老律令の編纂作業に取りかかるが720年に病死、作業は中途する。
English: Fuhito and his sons (Fujiwara four brothers) built a strong foundation for the future prosperity, initiating the first golden age of the FUJIWARA clan.
Japanese: 不比等とその息子の藤原四兄弟によって、藤原氏の繁栄の基礎が固められるとともに最初の黄金時代が作り上げられた。
English: March 21, 701: Promoted to Shosani Dainagon (Senior Third Rank chief councilor of state) from Chunagon (aged 43).
Japanese: 701年3月21日(旧暦)（大宝元年）中納言より正三位大納言に昇進(43)
English: His life was saved by Shigeto OGAWA when Haruhisa AMAGO killed members of Shingu-to, including his grandfather, Kunihisa AMAGO and his father, Sanehisa for a purge in 1554.
Japanese: 天文23年（1554年）、祖父の尼子国久、父の誠久ら新宮党が尼子晴久によって誅殺されたとき、小川重遠によって助けられる。
English: However, in 1568 Katsuhisa AMAGO was backed up by Shikanosuke YAMANAKA, Hisatsuna TACHIHARA and others, who attempted the Amago clan's revival, to return to secular life and watched his opportunity in Oki Province.
Japanese: しかし永禄11年（1568年）、尼子家の再興を図る山中鹿介・立原久綱らに擁立されて還俗し、隠岐国で機会を窺うこととなる。
English: He went to Izumo Province from Oki Province to enter Shinyama-jo Castle in Izumo with support of old vassals of the Amago clan in 1569.
Japanese: 永禄12年（1569年）に隠岐から出雲国に入ると、尼子氏の旧臣の支援を得て出雲新山城に入る。
English: Then he attempted to recapture Gassantoda-jo Castle but failed because of hard resistance from Motoaki MORI and Takashige AMANO.
Japanese: そして月山富田城奪還を目論むが、毛利元秋や天野隆重の奮戦により攻略できなかった。
English: In March, 1570, he fought against the Mori forces in the Battle of Fubeyama, but was defeated and escaped to Kyoto.
Japanese: 永禄13年（1570年）2月、布部山の戦いで毛利軍と戦って敗北を喫し、京都へと逃れた。
English: In 1574, he attempted to invade Izumo Province via Inaba Province with the support of a Japanese feudal lord in Inaba Province, Toyokuni YAMANA, but the invasion ended in failure.
Japanese: 天正2年（1574年）、因幡国の戦国大名・山名豊国の支援を得て因幡国からの出雲国侵攻を企てるも失敗に終わる。
English: In 1577, he captured Kozuki-jo Castle in Harima Province, which was a branch castle of Naoie UKITA, and was then ordered to defend the castle.
Japanese: 天正5年（1577年）には宇喜多直家の支城である播磨国上月城を攻略し、その守備を命じられた。