nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In "Huainanzi" (The Masters, Philosophers of Huainan), there is a story of Koga who stole 'potion of eternal life' that belonged to Seiobo (Queen Mother of the West) and ran to the realm of the moon.
Japanese: 『淮南子』には、姮娥が西王母の「不死の薬」を盗んで月の世界に走った話がある。
English: James George FRAZER categorized stories of origins of death, he divided them into the 'snakes and molting' group, which is related to animals such as snakes that molt, and the 'getsu eikyo' (waxing and waning of the moon) group that considers a connection between the waning and waxing of the moon and death in humans.
Japanese: ジェームズ・フレイザーは死の由来話を分類して、蛇など脱尾する動物にからむ「蛇と脱尾（脱皮？）」型と、月の満ち欠けを人の死の由来を結びつけて考えた「月盈虚」型に分けている。
English: The story of Akariyazagama takes the form that combines both, and furthermore, the conclusion of the story is the origin of the wakamizu rituals.
Japanese: アカリヤザガマの話は両者の結合した形となっており、しかもその話の結尾が若水の行事の由来話となっている。
English: It can be considered that the reason why the moon and immortal life and rebirth have been associated since the ancient times throughout the world is that the waxing and waning of the moon presents an image of god of death and rebirth.
Japanese: このように古くから世界中で月と不死・再生が結び付けられて来たのは、月の盈虚が見せる死と再生の神の姿であろうと考えられている。
English: The moon repeats the cycle of waxing and waning through the new moon, waxing moon, full moon, waning moon and then the new moon.
Japanese: 月は新月から上弦の月、満月、下弦の月、新月...という満ち欠けのループを繰り返している。
English: That is, the moon starts to wane after it passes through the peak called the full moon, then waning moon and finally disappears as a new moon, but it comes back in the night sky as a crescent moon.
Japanese: すなわち、月が満月という盛りを過ぎて衰え、下弦の月となってしまいには新月として消えてしまうが、また三日月として夜空に復活する。
English: This cycle directly evokes death and rebirth, and furthermore, it is considered to be connected to the concept of immortal life and agelessness, giving rise to the belief in 'wakamizu.'
Japanese: このループが直接に死と再生を想起させ、そこから更に不死と不老を願う観念と結びついて、「若水」の信仰が成立したと考えられる。
English: Honchotsugan is a history book in classical Chinese and in chronological order edited by the Edo Shogunate.
Japanese: 本朝通鑑（ほんちょうつがん）は、江戸幕府により編集された漢文編年体の歴史書。
English: Honchotsugan was edited as a historiography project by the Edo Shogunate, with father and son of the Hayashi family, Razan HAYASHI and Gaho (Shunsai) HAYASHI, as main editors.
Japanese: 江戸幕府の修史事業として編纂が行われ、林家の林羅山、林鵞峯（春斎）父子を中心に編纂された。
English: It was a 310-volume book of complete Japanese history: first 3 volumes (the age of the gods), the main 40 volumes (main volumes were based on "Honchohennenroku" describing the era from Emperor Jimmu to Emperor Uda), and the sequel of 230 volume (the era from Emperor Daigo to Emperor Goyosei).
Japanese: 前編3巻（神代）、正編40巻（「本朝編年録」に元からあったのは正編。神武天皇～宇多天皇）、続編230巻（醍醐天皇～後陽成天皇）など、全310巻から構成される日本通史。
English: A historiography project under the rule of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA edited by Razan Hayashi was "Honcho hennenroku" that was published in 1640 but lost in the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657.
Japanese: 3代将軍徳川家光時代の修史事業で、林羅山が編纂した『本朝編年録』は正保元年（1640年）に上梓されるが、明暦3年（1657年）の明暦の大火で焼失。
English: In October 1662, as the Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA's will, Gaho Hayashi was ordered to complete the chronological record of history, and in August 1663 the Shogunate approved the project by hosho (a document for informing lower-rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) with signatures of roju (senior councillors of the Tokugawa shogunate), and the edit work started at the residence of Hayashi in Shinobugaoka.
Japanese: 寛文2年（1663年）10月、将軍徳川家綱の上意として林鵞峯に編年録の完成を命じられ、翌寛文3年8月に幕府老中の連署奉書で幕府の許可がおり、忍岡の林邸での編纂が開始される。
English: There was no official document of history after the Engi era and it was very difficult to collect historical documents; in the following 1664, Gaho requested a roju Tadakiyo SAKAI to provide necessary assistance such as collecting ancient records.
Japanese: 日本には延喜年間以降の正史が無く史料収集など事業は難渋し、翌寛文4年、鵞峯は老中酒井忠清に古記録の収集など必要な援助を要請。
English: In July, Naotsune NAGAI was appointed to bugyo (commissioner) who ordered territorial lords, the Imperial court, temples and shrines to submit the records that they owned.
Japanese: 7月には永井尚庸が奉行役に任じられ、諸大名や朝廷、寺社などに所蔵する諸記録の提出が命じられる。
English: In August, the Kokushikan (Kobun-in) was built in the Hayashi's premise as the editorial office funded by the shogunate to proceed the full-scale project.
Japanese: 8月には林邸に幕費で編纂所としての国史館（弘文院）が建てられ、本格的な編纂事業として進められた。
English: In 1662 while the editing was in process, the regime change occurred in China from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty, and it gave an impact on the historiography project by the Edo Shogunate in Japan.
Japanese: 編纂期間中の寛文2年（1662年）には中国で明朝から清朝への王朝交代があり、幕府の修史事業にも影響を与えているという。
English: The title of the book was "Honchohennenroku" at first, but it was changed to "Honchotsugan" modeled on "shijitsugan," a history book of Sung dynasty in China.
Japanese: 書名は当初『本朝編年録』であったが、中国宋代の史書『資治通鑑』に倣い、『本朝通鑑』に変更されたという。
English: The editing process took 7 years to complete in 1670 and in June of that year, a draft was submitted to the Shogunate.
Japanese: 編纂は着手から7年、寛文10年（1670年）に完成し、6月には中書本が将軍家へ提出される。
English: It is said that Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA of the Mito clan was very angry when he found a sentence that "(Japanese are) descendants of Count Tai of Wu," thus motivated to start his own historiography project, resulting in a biographical history book "Dainihonshi" (Great history of Japan) that actively commented on people in the history, on the contrary to "Honchotsugan" in chronological order.
Japanese: 水戸藩徳川光圀は、この書中に「(日本人が)呉の太伯の末裔である」という記述を発見して憤慨して独自に修史事業を起こし、編年体の本朝通鑑に対し、積極的な人物評価を行う紀伝体の『大日本史』編纂のきっかけになったといわれている。
English: Yatagarasu is a crow with three legs that was sent to Emperor Jinmu by Takamimusubi and led him from Kumanokuni no miyatsuko to Yamato Province on the Jinmu tosei (Eastern expedition of the Emperor Jinmu) in the Japanese mythology.
Japanese: 八咫烏（やたがらす、やたのからす）は、日本神話で、神武東征の際に、タカミムスビによって神武天皇の元に遣わされ、熊野国造から大和国への道案内をしたとされる3本足のカラスである。
English: In Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha Shrine, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha Shrine and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha Shrine), a crow has been worshipped as misakigami (appeased shiryo (the spirit of a dead person), or divine servant).
Japanese: 熊野三山において烏はミサキ神（死霊が鎮められたもの。神使）として信仰されていた。
English: Yatagarasu appearing in the Japanese mythology is considered to have been not just a crow but a sacred symbol of the sun god, and seems to have had something to do with religious belief.
Japanese: 日本神話に登場する八咫烏は単なる烏ではなく太陽神を意味する神聖の象徴と考えられ、信仰に関連するものと考えられている。
English: Kumano Goohoin amulet, which had been often used as Kishomon (sworn oath) before the early-modern times, had a picture of a crow on it.
Japanese: 近世以前によく起請文として使われていた熊野の牛玉宝印（ごおうほういん）には烏が描かれている。
English: According to "Shinsen Shojiroku" (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), yatagarasu is the incarnation of Kamotaketsu no mi no mikoto (a Japanese mythological god), a great-grandchild of Kamimusubi, and later it became the founder of Kamo no Agatanushi.
Japanese: 『新撰姓氏録』では、八咫烏はカミムスビの曾孫である賀茂建角身命（かもたけつのみのみこと）の化身であり、その後鴨県主（かものあがたぬし）の祖となったとする。
English: "Ata" is a unit of length and a length in which a thumb and a forefinger are expanded (about 18 centimeters), but the "yata" in this context simply means 'big.'
Japanese: 咫（あた）は長さの単位で、親指と人差指を広げた長さ（約18センチメートル）のことであるが、ここでいう八咫は単に「大きい」という意味である。
English: During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), its image was used for a banner of the Suzuki family, who ruled Saiga shu (Ikko groups) in Kii Province.
Japanese: 戦国時代には、紀伊国の雑賀衆を治めた鈴木氏雑賀党鈴木氏の旗ともなっている。
English: Yatagarasu appears in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) and Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), and Nihonshoki also has a scene of Jinmu tosei, in which a golden kite appears.
Japanese: 八咫烏は日本書紀や古事記に登場するが、日本書紀には、やはり神武東征の場面で、金鵄（金色のトビ）が登場する。
English: There are several views about the meaning: a view that it represented 'Ui,' 'Suzuki,' and 'Enomoto,' the three guardians of Kumano that had great power in the Kumano region; a view that it refers to 'wisdom,' 'benevolence,' and 'bravery,' which are three virtues of the main enshrined deities of Ketsumimiko no Okami (great god) in Kumano-hongu-taisha Shrine; a view that it represents 'heaven,' 'earth,' and 'man.'
Japanese: いくつか言われており、「宇井」「鈴木」「榎本」という熊野地方で勢力を誇った熊野三党を表しているという説や、　熊野本宮大社の主祭神である家津美御子大神（けつみみこのおおかみ）の　御神徳「智」「仁」「勇」の三徳であるという説があり、　また、「天」「地」「人」を表すとも言われている。
English: In order to show respect to Kakunosuke NAKAMURA, who first introduced soccer to Japan, yatagarasu was used for a design of the emblem because his hometown was Nachikatsuura town that has Kumano Nachi Taisha Shrine.
Japanese: これは日本に初めて近代サッカーを紹介した中村覚之助に敬意を表し、出身地である那智勝浦町にある熊野那智大社の八咫烏をデザインした物である（podcastギリシャ神話と日本の神話（4）/eureka!より）。
English: An emblem on the uniform of the winning team in Japan Professional Football League (on top of which it has a symbol of the J. League)
Japanese: 日本プロサッカーリーグ優勝チームを示す、ユニフォームのワッペン（上部にJリーグのシンボルマーク）
English: An emblem on the uniform of the winning team in the Emperor's Cup All-Japan Soccer Championship Tournament (on top of which it has a letter of E)
Japanese: 天皇杯全日本サッカー選手権大会優勝チームを示す、ユニフォームのワッペン（上部にEの文字）
English: An emblem on the uniform of the winning team in both J. League and Emperor's Cup (on top of which it has a golden star)
Japanese: Jリーグ・天皇杯両方優勝チームを示す、ユニフォームのワッペン（上部に金の星）
English: *At this point only Kashima Antlers that won in the seasons of 2001 and 2008 and Urawa Red Diamonds that won in the season of 2007.
Japanese: ※現時点では2001年・2008年シーズンの鹿島アントラーズ、2007年シーズンの浦和レッドダイヤモンズのみ
English: Gasarusu, a golden bird on the emblem of Spaurh from the Abh Kongen Nijuku clan in the novel of "An Emblem of the Sidereal World"
Japanese: 小説『星界の紋章』で、アーヴ根源二九氏族スポールの紋章ともなっている金色の烏ガサルス
English: As a symbol of Kumano, a sticker of yatagarasu was put on the body of JR Commuter Trains Series 105 on Kisei Main Line.
Japanese: JR紀勢本線向けの国鉄105系電車の車体に、沿線熊野のシンボルとしてステッカーが掲示された
English: As a crest of the Saigato Suzuki clan in a comic book of "Mutsu Enmeiryu Gaiden Shura no Toki, Oda Nobunaga" (a side story of Mutsu Enmei School, a period of carnage, Nobunaga ODA version)
Japanese: 漫画『陸奥圓明流外伝修羅の刻織田信長編』において、雑賀党鈴木氏の家紋として
English: Myths of a bird with three legs exist all over the world, and most of them have something to do with the sun.
Japanese: 3本足の鳥の神話は、世界に広がっており、太陽と関連付けられている場合が多い。
English: According to "Huainanzi" (The Masters/Philosophers of Huainan), 'once upon a time, there were sacred trees by extensive Donghai, and ten crows with three legs lived there…'
Japanese: 『淮南子』に「昔、広々とした東海のほとりに扶桑の神樹があり、10羽の三足烏が住んでいた......」と見える。
English: These ten crows with three legs flew up to the sky in turn and breathed fire from their mouths, which became the sun.
Japanese: この10羽の3本足の烏が順番に空に上がり、口から火を吐き出すと太陽になるという。
English: There is a description of 'a crow lives in the sun, and a toad lives in the moon,' so the crow with three legs was a symbol of the sun itself.
Japanese: また「日中有烏而月中有蟾蜍」との記述もあり中国の3本足烏は太陽そのものの象徴であった。
English: In Koguryo, it was considered a symbol of the grandson of the sun goddess, and a wall painting of an old burial mound also has a picture of the three-legged crow.
Japanese: 高句麗では天孫の象徴であるとされ、古墳壁画にも3本足の烏火烏が描かれている。
English: It is said that the Crow is the same as this crow, and some constellation illustration has a picture of the crow with three legs.
Japanese: からす座のからすはこの烏とされ、古い星座絵図の中には3本足で描かれている物もある。
English: Takao KOBAYASHI, an astronomer who lives in Oizumi town, Gunma Prefecture, named the asteroid (temporary code 1997 AY1) that he found in 1997 'Yatagarasu,' and it was registered as (9106) Yatagarasu (asteroid) on August 9, 2004.
Japanese: 群馬県大泉町の天文家・小林隆男は、1997年に発見した小惑星（仮符号1997AY1）に「八咫烏」と命名、2004年8月9日に(9106)八咫烏(小惑星)として登録された。
English: Tokoyo is also known as Kakuriyo (the world of the dead), and it is the holy precincts which is not changed forever.
Japanese: 常世（とこよ）とは、かくりよ（隠世・幽世）ともいい、永久に変わらない神域である。
English: (It is a world without any changes, especially a steady world without the law of cause and effect or a world which can be said to have no time base in a certain part.)
Japanese: （変化の無い世界であり、例えるなら因果律がないような定常的であり、ある部分では時間軸が無いともいえる様な世界）
English: The world is an important side of an antinomy in the Japanese Mythology, the Ancient Shinto, and Shinto religion, while the opposite is 'utsushiyo' (land of the living).
Japanese: 日本神話や古神道や神道の重要な二律する世界観の一方であり、対峙して「現世（うつしよ）」がある。
English: Tokoyo' is a world which is always in the dead of the night, and it is sometimes identified with the world of the dead and yominokuni (realm of the dead) from the meaning of the Chinese characters of tokoyo (常夜).
Japanese: 「常夜」とは、常に夜である夜の状態でしかない世界であり、常夜という表記の意味から、死者の国や黄泉の国とも同一視される場合もある。
English: However, after the release of Shinobu ORIKUCHI's thesis, "Haha ga kuni he/ Tokoyo he" (published in 1920), it does not a mere world of the dead, but a Utopia which is considered to exist over the sea or in the sea when you mentioned especially 'Tokoyo.'
Japanese: しかし、折口信夫の論文『妣が国へ・常世へ』（1920年に発表）以降、特に「常世」と言った場合、単なる死者の国ではなく、海の彼方・または海中にあるとされる理想郷である。
English: It was defined as "a strange land" where you are given a fortune, knowledge, a life, a long life, and eternal youth and immortality by a visit of marebito (a god which gives people his blessing and leaves).
Japanese: マレビトの来訪によって富や知識、命や長寿や不老不死がもたらされる『異郷』であると定義されている。
English: In the ancient Shinto, it refers to the holy precincts or a world which is different from the real world and located beyond the mountains, the seas, woods, rivers, huge trees, or megalith such as himorogi (a temporarily erected sacred space or "altar" used as a locus of worship), iwakura (dwelling place of a god, usually in reference to a large rock), and so on where 'the aspect of the place' changes.
Japanese: 古神道などでは、神籬（ひもろぎ）・磐座（いわくら）などの「場の様相」の変わる山海や森林や河川や大木・巨岩の先にある現実世界と異なる世界や神域をいう。
English: According to "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) and the sixth alternate writing of "Nihonshoki," Sukunabikona, who built up a country along with Okuninushi no mikoto (chief god of Izumo in southern Honshu Island, Japan, and the central character in the important cycle of myths set in that region), went to tokoyo, which was across the seas, after he finished creating the country.
Japanese: 『古事記』や『日本書紀』1書第6によると、大国主命とともに国造りを行ったスクナビコナは国造りを終えた後に海の彼方にある常世の国に行ったという記述がある。
English: In "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), the Palace of the Dragon King where Urashimataro visited was written as tokoyo, where time passed very differently from the real world.
Japanese: 『万葉集』では、浦島太郎が行った竜宮城も常世と記され、現実の世界とは時間の流れが著しく違う。
English: According to an oracle told from Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) to Yamatohime no mikoto in "Nihonshoki," Ise is a province where the wave of tokoyo comes in.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』の天照大神から倭姫命への神託では、伊勢を常世の浪の重浪の帰する国（「常世之浪重浪歸國」）とある。
English: A megalith/spiritual rock, shinboku (sacred tree), Chinju-no-Mori (Sacred Shrine Forest), etc. which were considered yorishiro (spiritualistic mediums) in the ancient Shinto, indicate 'border' respectively because '籬' in himorogi (神籬) means 'a fence' and iwakura (磐座) is also written as '磐境' (rock border).
Japanese: 古神道の依り代とされる巨石・霊石や神木や鎮守の森などは、神の依り代であると同時に、神籬の「籬」は「垣」であり磐座は「磐境」ともいい、それぞれ「端境」を示している。
English: The place beyond the border is considered a sacred area, or tokoyo, and Okinoshima Island is considered sacred as a whole, including Chinju-no-Mori and kinsokuchi.
Japanese: その境界の先は神域と考えられ、常世のことであり、沖ノ島などは社（やしろ）や鎮守の森だけでなく、島全体が神域となっていて禁足地である。
English: Hedges of evergreen broad-leaved trees in Chinju-no-Mori and shrines are the bounds of a sacred place as well as the border of tokoyo.
Japanese: 鎮守の森や神社の広葉常緑樹の垣は、その常世との端境であると同時に結界でもある。
English: There are many forbidden places because people are trying not to invite a trouble or disaster caused by various things easily coming and going between utsushiyo and tokoyo.
Japanese: 現世と常世の様々なものが簡単に行き来し、禍や厄災を招かないようにしていて、禁足地になっている場所も多い。
English: Doso-shin (traveler's guardian deity) stone statue, small shrines, and jizo (the Guardian Deity of Travelers and Children) located at a roadside leading to a village means not only invocation of a deity for safety travel but also a barrier against tokoyo.
Japanese: 集落に繋がる道の辻に、石造の道祖神や祠や地蔵があるのは、道すがらや旅の安全の祈願祈念だけでなく、常世との端境にある結界の意味を持つ。
English: The meaning of tokoyo (eternal night) was assumed to be associated with a border between day and night like evening, and it was called 'Omagadoki' (twilight hour).
Japanese: 常夜という意味から、夕方などの夜と昼の端境も常世と繋がると考えられ、「逢魔時」といわれた。
English: Midnight, especially a deeply silent night, was considered to be overlapping tokoyo, so the time when something mysterious that did not exist in reality appeared was called 'ushimitsudoki' (the third quarter of the hour of the Ox (approximately 3:00 to 3:30 a.m.)), and people were afraid of the time.
Japanese: 深夜なども深い静寂な夜は、常世と重なることから、現実には存在しない怪異のものが現れる時刻を、「丑三つ時」と呼び恐れた。
English: Takamanohara (also called Takaamahara/ Takanoamahara/ Takamagahara) is a place where Amatsu kami (god of heaven) lives in the Japanese mythology and norito (Shinto prayer) in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters).
Japanese: 高天原（たかあまはら、たかのあまはら、たかまのはら、たかまがはら）は『古事記』の日本神話と祝詞に於ける天津神の住まう場所である。
English: In contrast to Ashihara no nakatsukuni (Literally, "Central Land of Reed Plains", which refers to the human world) where people lived, and Nenokuni (Land of the Roots) and Yomi (realm of the dead) where is said to have been underground, it is said to have been located in the heavenly realms.
Japanese: 地上の人間が住む世界である葦原中国や、地中にあるとされる根の国・黄泉に対し、天上界にあったとされる。
English: Since ancient times, there has been a view that it was located in the real place such as Yamato, Kyushu region, Hokuriku region, or Mt. Fuji from a viewpoint of interpreting the mythology realistically.
Japanese: 古くから神話を現実的に解釈しようという要求から、大和、九州、北陸、富士山等実在の場所であったとの説もとなえられた。
English: However, in the opening line of Kojiki tells that '訓高下天云阿麻下效此,' which designates us to read the Chinese character '天' as 'ama.'
Japanese: ただし、古事記冒頭には「訓高下天云阿麻下效此」とあり、天はアマと読むように指定がある。
English: Normally, the way of reading 'Takamagahara,' which uses case particle 'ga,' is common, but it is said that this way of reading spread quite recently in the history.
Japanese: 通常は、「たかまがはら」という格助詞【が】を用いた読み方が一般的であるが、この読み方が広まったのは歴史的には新しいとされている。
English: At the beginning of Kojiki, the name is mentioned as a place from which gods were born in 'ametsuchi no hajime' (the beginning of heaven and earth).
Japanese: 古事記においては、その冒頭に「天地（あめつち）のはじめ」に神々の生まれ出る場所としてその名が登場する。
English: Then gods were born one after another, and because of the passage in which two gods of kuni-umi (the birth of [the land] of Japan) put down a pike and made islands, it seems to have been considered to exist in the clouds above the sea.
Japanese: 次々に神々が生まれ、国生みの二柱の神が矛を下ろして島を作るくだりがあるから、海の上の雲の中に存在したことが想定されていたのであろう。
English: In the part concerning Susanoo no Mikoto (a god in the Japanese mythology), there is a description which says that many gods (Amatsu kami) lived in Takamanohara and there was a place to weave at, which gives us an impression that they led a life similar to the people.
Japanese: 須佐男命にまつわる部分では、高天原には多くの神々（天津神）が住み、機織の場などもあったことが記述されており、人間世界に近い生活があったとの印象がある。
English: Amatsu kami suppressed Ashihara no nakatsukuni, so Ninigi, a grandchild of Amaterasu Omikami, went down from the heaven (tenson korin [descent of the heavenly grandchild]), and since then Emperors who were descendants of the grandson of the sun goddess had ruled Ashihara no nakatsukuni.
Japanese: 葦原中国が天津神によって平定され、天照大神の孫のニニギが天降り（天孫降臨）、以降、天孫の子孫である天皇が葦原中国を治めることになったとしている。
English: "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) hardly has a text which mentions Takamanohara, and it can be seen only in the fourth alternate writing and the wafu-shigo (Japanese-style posthumous name) of 'Takamanohara hironohime no sumeramikoto,' which was given to Emperor Jito along with the successive emperors in 720.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』においては本文にはほとんどみえず、わずかに第4の一書と養老4年（720年）に代々の天皇とともに持統天皇につけられた和風諡号「高天原廣野姫天皇」がある。
English: "Kogo shui" (Gleanings of Old Words) mentions the name only in an oracle of tenson korin and note on norito, and among the extant fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.), "Hitachi Fudoki" mentions the name only twice in the opening line.
Japanese: また、『古語拾遺』本文では1箇所天孫降臨の神勅と、他に祝詞説明の注に、現存の風土記では『常陸風土記』冒頭2語あるのみである。
English: There have been various theories on the location of Takamanohara since ancient times, and the viewpoints are quite different due to the way of interpreting the myths in Kojiki.
Japanese: 高天原の所在地については古来より諸説あり、古事記における神話をどうとらえるかによりその立場が大きく異なる。
English: It is an opinion that in the first place myths are something that were artificially created, so it is nonsense to think where Takamanohara was located.
Japanese: 神話は作られたものであるから、そこに出てくる高天原がどこにあったかなどと考えること自体が無意味であるとする説。
English: This is represented by Banto YAMAGATA's opinion, and he claimed that the age of the gods in Kojiki was artificially made by posterity.
Japanese: 山片蟠桃の説が代表的なもので、古事記における神代のことは後世の作為であるとする。
English: Today, most of the scholars agree with the opinion that a myth of Takamanohara mentioned a belief that those who belonged to the governing class were important because they were derived from the heavenly world.
Japanese: 現在でもほとんどの学者は、高天原神話は支配階級を天上界に由来するが故に尊いとする信仰を語ったものであるという説に与している。
English: It is a view that Takamanohara was a place where gods lived, so it is no doubt that the place was located in the heaven, and it was arrogant to think of a place other than this.
Japanese: 高天原は神の住まう場所であるから天上に決まっており、それ以外の場所を考えるのは不遜であるとする説。
English: This is represented by Norinaga MOTOORI's theory, and it was linked with Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) and the main current before WWII.
Japanese: 本居宣長の説が代表的なもので、戦前は皇国史観と結びついてこの考え方が主流であった。
English: This is a theory that myths contain some sort of historical fact so Takamanohara reflects what really existed.
Japanese: 神話は何がしかの史実を含んでおり、高天原も実在したものを反映しているとする説。
English: In today's history, such a theory is generally avoided because it is considered just a pick-and-choose attitude and not persuasive.
Japanese: 現在の歴史学では、このような説は神話のつまみ食いになるだけで説得力のあるものではないとして、一般には避けられている。
English: The representative theories of foreign countries are a theory of Korean Peninsula and a theory of the southern China, which have a lot in common with a theory of Japanese people's origin.
Japanese: 海外説の代表的なものは朝鮮半島説と中国南部説で、これは日本人の起源説と共通の要素が多い。
English: Incidentally, it is considered that Takamanohara was Katsuragi in Yamato Province by the people in the Kyoto Imperial Court until Hakuseki ARAI advocated his theory.
Japanese: ちなみに、新井白石が説を唱えるまで、京都朝廷では高天原は大和国葛城だとされていた。
English: In ancient times, the area was called Katsuragi, and the towering Mt. Kongo-san was said to be Takamanohara.
Japanese: 古くは葛城といわれた地域で、そこにそびえ立つ金剛山は、古くは高天原山といわれていた。
English: Takamahiko-jinja Shrine located here is a Myojin taisha (grand shrine), which was considered the highest shrine ranking in Engi shiki (one of the earliest extant written records of imperial court etiquette compiled in the Engi era), and the enshrined deity is Takamimusubi, the founder of the Katsuragi clan.
Japanese: ここに所在する高天彦神社は、延喜式では最高の社格とされた名神［みょうじん］大社で、祭神は葛城氏の祖神高皇産霊［たかみむすび］神。
English: Until the early Edo period, this place was considered historical site of Takamanohara.
Japanese: 江戸時代初頭までは、この地が高天原史跡だというふうに考えられていた。
English: Takachiho no Yokagura (ancient Shinto music and dancing which starts in the night and ends in the morning), which is said to have begun by the dance performed by Amenouzume (goddess of entertainment), has been handed down in Takachijo-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 高千穂神社では、アメノウズメが舞ったことから始まったとされる高千穂の夜神楽が伝承されている。
English: The object of worship enshrined here is a stone slate on which Toyokuni letters and Abirumoji letters were engraved, and the back and front of it has letters 'Asohino Okami' and '日文' (literally, the sun letters).
Japanese: 御神体は豊国文字と阿比留文字が彫られた石板であり、「アソヒノオオカミ」と「日文」が表裏に刻まれている。
English: Heitate' means himorogi (an abode of the gods), and it is considered the sacred land where the heavenly god descended in ancient times.
Japanese: なみに「弊立」とはヒモロギを意味し、太古天の神が御降臨になった聖なる地とされている。
English: It had been known as a small hole for a long time, but in 1929, a long path leading to the inner part was found.
Japanese: 小さな穴として従来から知られていたが、昭和4年に奥へと長く続いていることが発見された。
English: The name was derived from a discovery of many bones of wolves, and in the cave, there are places which were named Takamanohara, Ama no Yasukawa, and so on.
Japanese: 狼の骨が多数発見されたことから命名、内部に高天原や天の安河原などと名づけられた場所がある。