nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Also, because the number of practitioners in the children's, juvenile and senior segments is increasing nowadays, it is more common that players other than advanced practitioners will wear headgear and guards.
Japanese: また、近年は幼年部・少年部・壮年部の人口が増加しているため、上級者以外ではヘッドギアやサポーターをつけることが多くなっている。
English: Originally, the history of bogutsuki karate is older than that of sundome karate and full-contact karate in terms of kumite match rules; the National Karatedo Tournament, karate's first national tournament, was conducted under bogutsuki rules.
Japanese: 組手競技ルールとしては元々寸止め空手やフルコンタクト空手よりも歴史が古く、空手界で最初の全国大会である全国空手道選手権大会も防具付きルールで行われていた。
English: Some practitioners of bogutsuki karate communicate with full-contact karate and jissen (actual fighting) karate practitioners, whereas many bogutsuki karate circles are categorized as dentoha (traditional-style) karate.
Japanese: フルコンタクト空手や実戦空手との交流もある一方で、伝統派空手に分類される会派も多い。
English: Incidentally, koshiki karate refers to one genre of bogutsuki karate that adopts a unique scoring system in which the referees take a longer time before they stop a player when he/she succeeds in performing a technique, and additional scores are counted for continuous techniques performed during this interval.
Japanese: なお、防具付き空手のうち、技が決まっても「止め」がかかるまでに時間をとり、その間決まった連続技も加算する加点方式を採用するものを硬式空手という。
English: Presently, circles have been divided into many factions due to differences of opinion about the types of protective gear and the degree of strength of attacks, a factor that decides the score.
Japanese: 現在では防具の種類、ポイントとなる打撃の強度などの意見の相違から、会派の分裂が進行、細分化されてしまっている。
English: Meanwhile, bogutsuki karate is unique in that training halls belong to many circles, and many practitioners can accommodate various sets of rules.
Japanese: その一方で、道場が複数の会派に属し、複数のルールをこなす選手が多いのも特徴である。
English: Representative circles include All Japan Karatedo Federation Renbukai, All Japan Koshiki Karatedo Organization, All-Japan Shorinji-ryu Karatedo Federation Renshin-kan, Chito-kai Federation, Seishin-ryu, All-Japan Kakuto Dageki Federation, Japan Bogu Karatedo Federation, National Bogu Karatedo Federation, etc.
Japanese: 代表的な会派は全日本空手道連盟錬武会、全日本硬式空手道連盟、全日本少林寺流空手道連盟錬心舘、千唐会、清心流、全日本格斗打撃連盟、日本防具空手道連盟、全国防具空手道連盟など。
English: Originally, full-contact karate refers to a kickboxing-like professional karate, which started in the U.S.
Japanese: フルコンタクト空手のもともとの意味は、アメリカで始められたキックボクシング的なプロ空手のことである。
English: To differentiate it from boxing, American full-contact karate adopts a distinctive rule whereby a contestant is required to kick the opponent's body from the waist upward more than eight times per round.
Japanese: ボクシングとの差異を計るため、1ラウンドにつき腰より上への蹴りを8本以上蹴らなくてはならないルールが特徴的。
English: Players come not only from karate circles in the Japanese mainland and Okinawa but also from Korean taekwondo and Tansudo schools as well as original circles in Western countries including America.
Japanese: 参加選手の出身流派は、沖縄や日本の空手諸流派だけでなく、韓国のテコンドーやタンスドーやアメリカなど欧米諸国で誕生した独自の流派の出身者も多い。
English: Sogo karate refers to karate organizations and circles that adopt mixed martial arts-style games, which incorporate not only striking and kicking arts but also throwing, sparring and grappling techniques.
Japanese: 突き・蹴りのみならず、投げ技・組技・寝技なども取り入れ、いわゆる総合格闘技に近い形での試合を行う流派を指す。
English: Point & KO rule karate refers to karate organizations and circles that embrace not only the full-contact styles represented by Kyokushin karate but also the 'Point & KO' rules, whereby contestants' mastery of techniques is illuminated by adding technical points, regardless of the magnitude of damage, when a contestant performs an accurate kicking technique without allowing the opponent to defend.
Japanese: 極真空手に代表されるフルコンタクトスタイルに加えて、相手が防御できない状態で正確な蹴りが入った場合、ダメージの大きさに関わらず技術点としてポイントを与え、技術的優劣を明確にするPOINTKOルールで試合をする流派である。
English: Point & KO rule karate incorporates traditional karate's speed and full-contact karate's destructive power to change karate styles that mainly focus on a strike to the chest and low kicks.
Japanese: 胸部への突きとローキックを主体とするスタイルを改め、伝統空手のスピードとフルコンタクト空手の破壊力を取り入れている。
English: It is said that dan ranks were introduced for the first time by Gichin FUNAKOSHI in 1924.
Japanese: 段位は大正13年（1924年）に船越義珍が発行したのが、空手史上、初めてと言われている。
English: Additionally, below the brown belt, colored belts such as green, yellow and blue were originally introduced for children, but such colored belts have become common in the present day.
Japanese: さらに、茶帯の下に、当初子供用に緑・黄・青等の色帯が導入され、今日では一般化している。
English: Detailed definitions of and requirements for kayo and dan rank certification and colored belts differ depending on the organizations, whereas in traditional-style karate the JKF authorizes dan ranks as 'certified dan ranks.'
Japanese: 段級位や色帯の詳細は流派ごとに異なるが、伝統派空手の場合、段位については全日本空手道連盟が「公認段位」を設けている。
English: Traditionally, the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) awarded titles, but after the DNBK was abolished by the GHQ/SCAP, which occupied Japan after WWII, organizations and circles came to award titles in their original ways.
Japanese: 称号は、大日本武徳会が授与するものであったが、降伏後、占領していた連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ/SCAP）の命令によって解散させられると、その後は流派、会派ごとによって、独自に授与するようになった。
English: Chotoku KYAN explained in "Kenpo Gaisetsu" (an outline of kenpo, 1929) that karate practitioners would exercise in shirtless conditions because 'they try to strengthen their skin and concentrate their mind on the balance of strength.'
Japanese: 『拳法概説』（昭和4年）に紹介されている喜屋武朝徳の説明によれば、裸で稽古する理由は「皮膚を強靱に鍛へると共に力の配合を明確に意識せん」がためであるとされる。
English: From Kyan's statement, which reads, "Since childhood, I have practiced like this," it would appear that this practice dates at least from the early Meiji period, or probably from the era of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Japanese: 喜屋武は、これは幼少の頃からの習慣であると述べているので、少なくとも明治初期から、おそらくは琉球王国時代からの習慣であったと考えられる。
English: This practice was not limited to Shuri-te; from the picture displayed above in which Chojun MIYAGI and Juhatsu KYODA exercise in shirtless conditions, it is considered that this practice was common in Okinawa, including Naha-te.
Japanese: この習慣は首里手に限らず、上掲の写真で宮城長順と許田重発が上半身裸で稽古していることからも、那覇手も含めた沖縄一般の習慣であったのだろう。
English: The prototype of today's karate uniform is a judo uniform, which Gichin FUNAKOSHI borrowed when he gave a karate demonstration and lectures in 1922 at the Kodokan Judo Institute, under the management of Jigoro KANO.
Japanese: 今日の空手衣は、1922年、嘉納治五郎のプロデュースで船越義珍が講道館で演武、指導した時に、義珍が柔道衣を借用したことがその起源である。
English: Generally, judo and karatedo are regarded as separate martial arts, but they share common ground in terms of clothing.
Japanese: このように一般には別々と思われている柔道と空手道ではあるが、道衣において共通点が存在しているのである。
English: It is unclear when judo and karate uniforms became differentiated, but considering that a karate uniform was advertised in the first issue of "Monthly Karate" (1956), it would appear that the karate uniform was developed well after WWII, but there is also a possibility that it was produced before WWII.
Japanese: 柔道衣と空手衣がいつ分かれたかは明確ではないが、昭和31年（1956年）の『月刊空手道』創刊号に、すでに空手衣の広告が掲載されているので、戦後しばらくしてか、あるいはすでに戦前から空手衣は誕生していた可能性がある。
English: Because karate's movement and practice procedures are different from those of judo, alterations were gradually added to the judo uniform, giving birth to today's karate uniform.
Japanese: 動作も稽古内容も柔道とは違うため、柔道衣に徐々に改良がなされ、今のような空手衣が誕生した。
English: Generally, there are differences in the specifications of uniforms for dentoha (traditional-style) karate and full-contact karate, as shown below.
Japanese: 空手衣の構造は今日、伝統派空手とフルコンタクト空手において、おおむね次のような相違が見られる。
English: The hem of the jacket features a built-in string, which practitioners knot after wearing the jacket in order to prevent the untidiness of the collar.
Japanese: 裾に紐が縫い付けられており、襟を合わせた後これを結ぶことで、裾の乱れを防ぐ。
English: Because many organizations and circles allow practitioners to sew on a removable patch with an organization/circle logo, badge, etc., on the karate jacket, practitioners can purchase karate uniforms from any source without being brokered by training halls (organizations/circles).
Japanese: 所属流派・会派をあらわすワッペン等を後から空手衣に縫い付けるスタイルが多く、道場を通さなくても独自に空手衣の購入が可能である。
English: In many cases, the sleeves of the uwagi extend to around the elbow in length, but in some cases nearly sleeveless jackets are used.
Japanese: 上衣の袖は、肘が出るか隠れる程度の長さが多く、さらにノースリーブに近いものもある。
English: Secrecy was promoted because karate practitioners had to be alert to Satsuma officers stationed in the Ryukyu Kingdom and because they wanted to avoid 'kake-dameshi' (tests of strength) in challenges by street fighters.
Japanese: こういった秘密主義は、薩摩の在番役人を警戒する必要があったためであり、また「掛け試し」などの挑戦を避けるためでもあった。
English: Unlike Japanese martial arts, karate had no textbooks, so techniques were passed on by oral tradition or through practical teaching from masters to pupils.
Japanese: 日本武術とは異なり、空手には伝書はなく、口伝と実技のみで技が伝授された。
English: As for kumite, there was a kind of prearranged kumite, but no systematic free-style kumite (sparring) match existed.
Japanese: 組手は一種の約束組手が存在したが、制度化された自由組手や試合などはなかった。
English: Karate was revealed to the public for the first time; it was adopted as a subject of gymnastics classes in junior high schools and a college of education in Okinawa.
Japanese: 沖縄の中学校や師範学校の体育に採用されるなどして、空手ははじめて一般に公開された。
English: Teaching styles changed from one-to-one lessons given by a master to a pupil to class lessons in which a host of students practiced the same movement and kata in response to orders from a master.
Japanese: 師弟との一対一の練習から、師範の号令と共に、多数の生徒が同じ動作や型の練習をするようになった。
English: Around that time, Anko ITOSU created the binan (peace) kata so that children could easily learn karate in schools.
Japanese: 糸洲安恒が学校で子供達が学びやすいようにと、ピンアン（平安）の型を創作したのも、この時期である。
English: During the Taisho period, Okinawa Karate Club was organized in Naha and joined by Okinawan karate grand masters of the day, in which attempts at collaborative studies and coordinated exercises were made for the first time.
Japanese: 大正時代に入ると、那覇に「沖縄唐手倶楽部」などが結成され、当時の沖縄の大家たちがこれに参加して、はじめての共同研究や共同修練の試みもなされた。
English: Also during the Taisho period, books about karate were published for the first time by Gichin FUNAKOSHI and Choki MOTOBU.
Japanese: また船越義珍や本部朝基によって、空手史上、初めて空手書が出版されたのも大正時代であった。
English: In the Showa period, various attempts were made, such as the naming of techniques, the creation of textbooks, research on kumite, and the introduction of matches and tournaments.
Japanese: 昭和に入ると、技に名称をつけたり、伝書の作成、組手の研究、さらには試合の導入などが試みられた。
English: In South Korea, karatedo was once called konsudo or tansudo, but it developed into a new martial art called taekwondo, which, being arranged and improved in the Korean style, focuses on a kicking art.
Japanese: かつて韓国では、空手道を「コンスドー」（空手道）「タンスドー」（唐手道）と呼んでいたが、韓国流に変化・発展させ、新たな格闘技とし、蹴り技に特化をし、名称もテコンドーとなった。
English: A style that had combined Shotokan-ryu karate with another martial art rationally developed into taekwondo decades ago.
Japanese: 近代、松涛館流の空手に他武術を取り入れ合理的に発展してきたのがテコンドーである。
English: Also, the number of practitioners of shin-karate, where a contestant is allowed to punch the opponent's face with the hands wearing 14-ounce gloves, has dramatically increased in recent years due to the popularity of K-1 tournaments.
Japanese: 14オンスのグローブ着用で顔面有りルールの新空手もK-1人気で最近急激に競技人口が増えてきている。
English: Many heavyweights who led the popularization of taekwondo of mid and late part of the 1940s, such as Master Yi Wong Gwok, the founder of Seitokan, mastered karate in Japan (mainly Shotokan-ryu karate, since, from the name 'Seitokan' the influence of Shotokan is obvious).
Japanese: 青涛館創立者の李元国（イ・ウォングク）翁など1940年代中後半にテコンドーを広めるのに先頭に立った多くの元老たちが日本でカラテ（主に松涛館流、これは青涛館の命名にもその影響が見て取れる）を修練した人々である。
English: In an interview, the late General ウ・ジョンニム from Seitokan said to a journalist, 'I practiced konsudo; however, the name was conveniently changed (to taekwondo) afterwards by a faction led by General チェ・ホンヒ.'
Japanese: いまは故人になった青涛館出身のウ・ジョンニム将軍は記者との対話で、「私は空手道（コンスド）をしていて、のちに崔泓煕（チェ・ホンヒ）将軍などが主軸になって名前を変えただけだ」とも言った。
English: These anecdotes prove that originally there was no martial art called taekwondo but there was konsudo, which was taught by people who had learned karate and opened training halls after Japan's occupation ended, with the name konsudo being subsequently changed to 'taekwondo.'
Japanese: これらはすべて、テコンドーという武術がもともと存在せず、カラテを学んだ人々が解放後に道場を開いてカラテの韓国式発音である「空手道（コンスド）」を教え、後になって「テコンドー」という名前を使うようになったことを物語っている。
English: It is said that American karate began when veterans of WWII, who had mastered karate in Okinawa or the Japanese mainland, opened karate schools in the U.S. after their return to the country.
Japanese: アメリカの空手は、沖縄や日本本土で空手を習得した軍人たちが、帰国後、道場を開いて教えたのが始まりとされている。
English: It is widely accepted that it was Robert Trias (1923 - 1989), often called the 'father of American karate,' who taught karate in the U.S. for the first time.
Japanese: アメリカで最初に空手を教えたのは、しばしば「アメリカ空手の父」と言われるロバート・トリアス（1923年-1989年）だと一般には見なされている。
English: However, there are assertions that other people introduced karate to the U.S. for the time, and agreement has yet to be reached.
Japanese: しかし、誰が最初にアメリカへ空手をもたらしたかは他にも説があり、論争が続いている。
English: In Europe, karate spread after the 1960's through karate instructors dispatched from Japan to Europe.
Japanese: ヨーロッパの空手は、1960年代以降、日本から空手指導員が派遣されるという形で広まった。
English: It is reported that many instructors were instrumental, such as Hirokazu KANAZAWA (Shotokan-ryu), who taught karate in Germany and England, and Morio HIGAONNA (Goju-ryu), who taught karate in Portugal.
Japanese: ドイツやイギリスで指導に当たった金澤弘和（松涛館流）やポルトガルで指導に当たった東恩納盛男（剛柔流）などの活躍が知られている。
English: In the USSR, the first karate club was set up at a university in Moscow in the mid-1960s.
Japanese: ソビエト連邦では、1960年代半ば、モスクワの大学にはじめて空手部が設立された。
English: Onsen tamago (onsen eggs) are a type of soft boiled egg, or chicken eggs with the yoke soft and the white only half done.
Japanese: 温泉卵（おんせんたまご）は、半熟卵の一種で、卵黄部分は半熟、卵白部分は半凝固状態に茹でた鶏卵。
English: Also, eggs which have been steamed in the steam of hot springs (onsen) or boiled in the hot water are called onsen tamago regardless of whether they are hard or soft.
Japanese: また、鶏卵を温泉の蒸気で蒸したり、湯でゆでたりしたゆで卵は、その状態にかかわらず温泉卵と呼ばれる。
English: This is because they are cooked in water that is between 65 - 68℃ for 30 minutes, to take advantage of the fact that the temperature at which the yoke hardens (70℃ is lower than the temperature at which the egg white hardens 80℃).
Japanese: これは卵黄の凝固温度（約70℃）が卵白の凝固温度（約80℃）より低い性質を利用して作られるもので、65～68℃程度の湯に30分程度浸けておくことで、この状態になる。
English: If the water temperature of water gushing from a hot spring is close to this range, the onsen eggs can be made just by placing eggs in the spring water, so they are often served at hotels in hot spring (onsen) resorts and this is thought to be the origin of the term onsen egg.
Japanese: 湧出する温泉の湯温がこの範囲に近い場合、これに浸けておくだけで出来ることから、温泉地の旅館などで食卓に提供されることが多く、「温泉卵」の名で呼ばれるようになったと思われる。
English: They are often cracked and put in a bowl with dashi (stock) and soya sauce.
Japanese: あらかじめ殻を割って器にとり、出汁と醤油をあわせた出汁醤油をかけて供されることが多い。
English: Specialized 'Onsen egg cookers' are available however they can be made by using a container that retains heat such as a polystyrene container (see 'How to make onsen eggs at home').
Japanese: 専用の「温泉卵製造機」が市販されているが、保温性のある発泡スチロール容器などを利用して作ることもできる（家庭での作り方参照）。
English: They can also be made without using water, by using a rice cooker on the warm setting.
Japanese: また、保温状態の炊飯ジャーを利用し水を使わずに作ることも可能である。
English: The onsen eggs on sale at some restaurants (such as Yoshinoya) under the name soft boiled egg are products called 'Cupid's eggs' manufactured by Q.P.Corporation.
Japanese: 半熟卵の名称で一部の外食産業（吉野家など）で出回っている温泉卵は、キユーピー株式会社が製造販売している「キューピットのたまご」という製品である。
English: Chicken eggs boiled in hot spring water or steamed in the hot spring steam are called onsen eggs regardless of whether they are soft or hard boiled.
Japanese: 鶏卵を温泉の湯でゆでたり蒸気で蒸したりしたものは、その状態にかかわらず（半熟状ではなくても）温泉卵と呼ばれる。
English: At many hot spring resorts, shops demonstrate the cooking of onsen eggs in hot spring steam or water and the onsen eggs are sold as specialties.
Japanese: 多くの温泉地で、店頭などで温泉の蒸気や湯で調理する様子を実演しながら販売する温泉卵が名物となっている。
English: The onsen eggs of Iizaka hot springs in Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture are called radium eggs as it is the first onsen in Japan at which the presence of radium was detected in the water.
Japanese: 福島県福島市の飯坂温泉の温泉卵は、この温泉で日本で初めてラジウムの存在が確認されたことに因み、ラジウム玉子（ラヂウム玉子）と呼ばれる。
English: The specialty eggs of Owakudani hot springs in Hakone and Goshogake hot springs are black.
Japanese: 箱根温泉の大涌谷や、後生掛温泉の名物となっている温泉卵の外観は真っ黒である。
English: The source of the hot springs of Yumura hot springs (Hyogo Prefecture) is the hottest spring water in Japan (98℃) and it does not need to be heated up.
Japanese: 湯村温泉(兵庫県)の源泉「荒湯」は日本一高温の温泉（98℃）で湯沸し不要。
English: At Unzen hot springs, eggs are available which have a slightly sulfurous smell and have been cooked in a steamer using steam from Jigokudani valley.
Japanese: 雲仙温泉では地獄谷からでる蒸気で蒸し器を使う少し硫黄のにおいがするゆで卵である。
English: Each of the Jigoku spring areas on the Beppu Jigoku Meguri (Beppu Hell Tour) of Beppu hot springs has specialty onsen eggs which are steamed or boiled in the hot spring water.
Japanese: 別府温泉の別府地獄めぐりの各地獄では卵を温泉で蒸したり茹でたりした温泉卵が名物となっている。
English: Apart from jigoku steamed eggs which are steamed in a stone steamer which utilizes steam from a hot spring, at Umi jigoku hot springs on the Beppu Jigoku (Hell) Tour, the specialty is jigoku boiled eggs which are eggs that have been put in bamboo baskets and put directly into the 98℃ cobalt blue hot springs.
Japanese: 温泉の蒸気熱を利用した地獄釜で蒸す地獄蒸し卵の他、別府地獄めぐり海地獄では、98度のコバルトブルーの温泉に、竹籠に入れた卵を直接浸してゆでた、地獄ゆで卵が名物となっている。
English: Put an egg into a polystyrene container (such as a cup noodle container) that will retain heat and add hot water.
Japanese: 保温性のある発泡スチロール容器（カップヌードルの容器など）に卵を入れ、熱湯を加える。
English: If you suddenly cover an egg which has just been taken out of the refrigerator with hot water it will crack, so it is a good idea to warm up the egg a little first in warm water before putting in the hot water.
Japanese: なお、冷蔵庫から取り出した卵に急に熱湯をかけると割れてしまうので、熱湯を入れる前にぬるま湯などである程度卵を暖めておくと良い。
English: Furthermore, if you boil an egg for 20 to 25 minutes at between 70 to 75 degrees, you can make an onsen egg without the necessity for a container, however it is necessary to have a way of maintaining the boiling and temperature.
Japanese: また、20～25分間70～75度に湯の温度を保って卵を茹でれば温泉卵はでき、容器に拘る必要はないが沸騰や温度の降下に至らないように工夫する要領が要る。
English: Also, it is possible to make an onsen egg using a paper drip type coffee machine.
Japanese: また、ペーパードリップ式のコーヒーメーカーを使って作ることもできる。
English: This is a simple way as you just put a raw egg into the coffee pot and turn it on without adding the filter paper or coffee beans.
Japanese: サーバーに生卵を入れ、フィルターペーパーとコーヒー豆をセットせずに通常のドリップを行うだけというシンプルなものである。
English: Even with this method, if the egg is cold it will crack so it is a good idea to let it return to room temperature.
Japanese: この方法でも冷え切っている卵を使うとひびが入るので、あらかじめ常温にしておく方がよい。
English: Yoshinoya added onsen eggs to its menu in 2003 under the name soft boiled egg.
Japanese: 吉野家が2003年頃からメニューに「半熟玉子」という名前で温泉玉子を追加した。
English: The Bon festival dance is an event enjoyed in groups at night during the season of Bon, the Buddhist festival for the dead held around the fifteenth of August (or July in some regions).
Japanese: 盆踊り（ぼんおどり）は、お盆の時期の夜間に集団で行なわれる踊りの一種。
English: The general style of the Bon festival dance is that a tower is set up at the center of an open space; a caller atop the tower sings a folk song for a dance, and participants dance to the song as they circle the tower.
Japanese: 広場の中央に櫓を立て、やぐらの上で音頭とりが音頭を歌い、参加者はその周囲を回りながら音頭にあわせて踊る形式が一般的である。
English: The dance was once an all-night event, but nowadays it is rarely held through to the late-night hours.
Japanese: かつては夜通し行われることが多かったが、近年は深夜まで行われることは少なくなっている。
English: Recently, callers and hayashikata (people performing the accompaniment with traditional Japanese instruments) have decreased in number, so in many cases the playback of a folk song for a dance recorded beforehand serves as a substitute.
Japanese: 近年は音頭とりや囃し方が少なくなったため、録音された音頭を電気的に再生しておこなうことが多くなっている。
English: In some areas from the Kanto region to the Kinki region, the Bon festival dance is also called 'higan odori' (the dance of autumnal equinoctial week), which is named after the season in which the festival is held.
Japanese: また関東～近畿の一部地域によっては、開催時期により「彼岸踊り」と呼称することもある。
English: If the festival is held during the period of about ten days leading up to higan (the autumnal equinoctial week), the dance is called 'higan odori,' and if the festival is held at another time it's called a summer festival or an autumn festival in most cases.
Japanese: 彼岸の約10日前～彼岸までは、「彼岸踊り」と呼びその他の時期は夏祭りまたは秋祭りとしての名称が多い。
English: A popular belief is that the name 'higan odori' hadn't been used until someone jokingly called the festival 'higan odori' for its season.
Japanese: 従来は彼岸踊りの名称は使われていなかったが、彼岸時期の開催を冗談として「彼岸踊り」と言ったことで、定着していったとの通説がある。
English: The name is said to have originated in Hokusetsu, Osaka, or in the western part of Tokyo Metropolis, but its exact birthplace is unknown.
Japanese: 発祥地としては、大阪北摂または東京東部とも言われているが、明確な場所は不明である。
English: Historically, the Bon festival dance has functioned as an entertainment and a way to strengthen people's bonds in the village community.
Japanese: 歴史的には村落社会において娯楽と村の結束を強める機能的役割を果たした。
English: Accordingly, there are many local communities throughout Japan that have their own folk songs for a dance featuring their particular localities; it's not at all rare for a municipality, or a chamber of commerce and industry, to compose an original local folk song for the dance.
Japanese: そのため、各地にご当地音頭も多く存在し、自治体や商工会など作成したオリジナルの地域的音頭も珍しくない。
English: Goshu Ondo (A Folk Song of Goshu for a Dance): This song is enjoyed throughout the Kansai area, including Shiga Prefecture, but it's said to have originated in Higashi-Omi City.
Japanese: 江州音頭（ごうしゅうおんど、滋賀県ほか関西一円、東近江市発祥とされている）
English: Nanyadoyara (A Folk Tune Interjected as a Refrain of Nanyadoyara): This tune is also called Nanyatoyara, and it's enjoyed in the northern part of Iwate Prefecture, the southern part of Aomori Prefecture and the Kazuno district of Akita Prefecture.
Japanese: ナニャドヤラ（「ナニャトヤラ」とも言われる、岩手県北・青森県南・秋田県鹿角地方）
English: Similar events are held in the communities of Japanese immigrants, such as those of Hawaii and California.
Japanese: ハワイやカリフォルニアでは日系移民コミュニティにより、類似の行事が開催されている。
English: The events are similarly called 'Bon dances,' but the repertoire of the dances and songs is replaced with those of the respective communities.
Japanese: それらは「ボン・ダンス」と呼ばれているが、レパートリーは現地のものに置換されている。
English: In most cases, a drummer and a caller (both on a tower) and dancers conventionally wear yukata (a Japanese summer kimono), but it's okay for general participants to wear ordinary clothes.
Japanese: 伝統的には、やぐらの上の太鼓方、音頭取りならびに踊り子は浴衣を着用することが多いが、一般参加者はカジュアルな平服でも良い。
English: In some regions, a mask of a fox or something is worn, while in other regions thick makeup (like stage makeup) and gorgeous clothing are worn.
Japanese: 地方によっては、狐などの仮面をつけて踊る場合や、舞台化粧並の厚化粧をして華やかな衣装で踊る場合がある。
English: Combined with Urabon (the formal name of Bon), this seems to have been regarded as the event for greeting the spirits of--and paying homage to--the dead.
Japanese: これが盂蘭盆の行事と結びつき、精霊を迎える、死者を供養するための行事という意識になっていったようである。
English: It is said that people started dancing to the drumbeat at the beginning of the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 室町時代の初めには、太鼓などをたたいて踊るようになったといわれている。
English: Kintoki is the childhood name of SAKATA no Kintoki (his name is sometimes written as "公時"instead of "金時."
Japanese: 金太郎（きんたろう）は、坂田金時（さかたのきんとき、公時とも）の幼名。
English: According to a record in Kintoki-jinja Shrine (shrine in which Kintaro is enshrined) in Oyama-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, he was born in May, 956.
Japanese: 静岡県駿東郡小山町の金時神社（金太郎が祭られている神社）に記されたものによると、天暦10年（956年）5月に誕生したという。
English: It is said that Yaegiri, a daughter of the carver Jubei, conceived Kintaro when she visited Kyoto and met Kurando SAKATA who served in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 彫物師十兵衛の娘、八重桐（やえぎり）が京にのぼった時、宮中に仕えていた坂田蔵人（くらんど）と結ばれ懐妊した子供とされる。
English: Yaegiri returned to her hometown and gave birth to Kintaro, upon the death of Sakata, she decided not go back to Kyoto, but raised Kintaro in her hometown.
Japanese: 八重桐は故郷に帰り金太郎を産んだが、坂田が亡くなってしまったため、京へ帰らず故郷で育てることにした。
English: Kintaro grew into a healthy, dutiful and gentle child whom it is said practiced sumo wrestling with a bear on Mt. Ashigara.
Japanese: 成長した金太郎は足柄山で熊と相撲をとり、母に孝行する元気で優しい子供に育った。