nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Yutaka NOMI (1869 - 1903, date of birth and death unknown) was a priest of the Otani school of the Shinshu sect and a Buddhist scholar who explored Tibet.
Japanese: 能海寛（のうみゆたか、1869年（明治元年）-1903年（明治36年）?）は、チベットを探検した真宗大谷派の僧、仏教学者。
English: He was born as the second son of Hosho NOMI who was a chief priest of Joren-ji Temple in Nagata, Haza village (present-day Kanagi-cho, Hamada City), Naka County, Shimane Prefecture.
Japanese: 島根県那賀郡(島根県)波佐村（現在の浜田市金城町）長田にある浄蓮寺住職の能海法憧の次男として生まれる。
English: Yutaka moved to Kyoto where he studied at Nishi Hongan-ji Temple Regular School, then he studied at Keio Gijuku and Tetsugakukan (present-day Toyo University).
Japanese: 京都に出て、西本願寺の普通教校で学んだのち、慶應義塾、哲学館（現在の東洋大学）で学ぶ。
English: In 1893, he self-published "Sekai ni okeru Bukkyoto" (Buddhists of the World), in which he expounded the necessity of obtaining the original Tibetan Tripitaka (the three collections of books making up the Buddhist canon of scriptures) as well as the necessity of exploring Tibet.
Japanese: 1893年（明治26年）、『世界に於ける佛教徒』を自費出版し、その中で、チベット大蔵経の原典入手の重要性、チベット探検の必要性を説いている。
English: In 1898, he was married, but sailed out from Kobe port to Shanghai city in the November of that year.
Japanese: 1898年（明治31年）に結婚するも、同年11月、上海市に向け神戸港を出港する。
English: On August 1899, Yutaka tried to cross the Tibetan border from Batang in Sichuan Province with Professor Enga TERAMOTO of Otani University, but they abandoned the plan due to safety concerns.
Japanese: 1899年（明治32年）8月、大谷大学教授の寺本婉雅とともに、四川省の巴塘（パタン）からのチベット入りを試みるも、身の危険のため断念する。
English: On August 1900, he tried to enter Tibet from Xinjiang Province (present-day Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), but once again turned back due to the difficulty of the journey and safety concerns.
Japanese: 1900年（明治33年）8月、新疆省（現在の新疆ウイグル自治区）からのチベット入りを試みるが、やはり、難路と危険によって引き返す。
English: On April 18, 1901, he sent a letter from Dali Prefecture in Yunnan Province to the effect of, "I'll set out for Tibet now, so we can have no communication after this." and from then he never appeared again.
Japanese: 1901年（明治34年）4月18日、今度は雲南省の大理府から「今からチベットに入るため音信不通となる」という内容の手紙を発信した後、消息を絶つ。
English: Following this letter, Chuta ITO and his group launched an exploration in Yunnan Province near the Tibetan border to study the architecture of the Hmong ethnic group.
Japanese: その後、伊東忠太一行がミャオ族の建築物研究に雲南省のチベット国境付近に赴いた。
English: They searched for Yutaka on that occasion and brought back the information that he seemed to have been killed there by a bandit attack in around 1903.
Japanese: その際の調査により、能海は1903年（明治36年）ごろに同地で土賊に襲われ死去したらしいということが判明した。
English: Yutaka only sent back to Japan collections of documents (Tibetan Buddhist scriptures) such as "Kongohannya-kyo" (Diamond Sutra), "Konkomyo-kyo" (Golden Light Sutra), and materials including statues of Buddha.
Japanese: ただ、『金剛般若経』や『金光明経』などの蔵本（チベット語経典）や仏像類などの資料を日本に送っている。
English: Also, after 1986, a lot of information and materials including his hand drawn maps, sketches, and diaries were newly found in Joren-ji Temple, where he was born and raised.
Japanese: また、1986年（昭和61年）以降、自坊の浄蓮寺より、自筆の地図、スケッチや、日記などを含む多くの新出資料が発見された。
English: MUTSUGE was of a Mutsugenokuni no miyatsuko descent (the heads of local governments in ancient Japan) and a powerful local clan in Muge District (later became Mugi District), Mino Province.
Japanese: 身毛氏は牟義都国造の系譜をひき、美濃国の武芸郡（むげのこおり、後の武儀郡）にあった地方豪族である。
English: When Prince Oama made the decision to raise an army, Hiro was in Yoshino with him.
Japanese: 壬申の乱で大海人皇子が挙兵を決断したとき、広は吉野にいた皇子のそばにいた。
English: On June 22, two days before the prince took any action, he sent MUTSUGE no Hiro, MURAKUNI no Oyori, and WANIBE no Kimite to Mino Province.
Japanese: 皇子自身か行動をおこす2日前、6月22日に、身毛広は村国男依、和珥部君手と3人で美濃国に先行するよう命じられた。
English: They successfully accomplished their task and 3,000 troops form Mino Province fought for Prince Oama.
Japanese: 彼らは無事にその任を果たし、美濃の兵3千が大海人皇子のために不破道を塞いだ。
English: Although it is unknown what happened to him afterward, it is said that he was given the property with 80 households after the war on July 21, 701 ("Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued)).
Japanese: その後の広の活躍は不明だが、乱の後、80戸の封を与えられた（『続日本紀』大宝元年(701年)7月21日条）。
English: It is stated in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) that those with distinctive merits were selected on December 4 and given the title Shosen or higher, and therefore Hiro probably received the same or higher title as well.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』は12月4日に勲功ある人を選んで冠位を増し、小山位以上をあたえたと記してあるので、広もこれと同じかそれ以上の位を受けたと思われる。
English: O no Honji (date of birth unknown - August? 696) was a person who lived during the Asuka Period.
Japanese: 多品治（おおのほんじ、生年不詳-持統天皇10年(696年)8月?）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
English: In 672, he fought on Prince Oama's side during the Jinshin War and defeated their enemies in Tarano.
Japanese: 672年の壬申の乱で大海人皇子（天武天皇）の側で戦い、莿萩野を守って敵を撃退した。
English: When the Jinshin War broke out, he was serving as a manager of imperial territories in Ahamachi District (now known as Anpachi District), Mino Province.
Japanese: 壬申の乱が勃発したとき、多品治は美濃国の安八磨郡（安八郡）の湯沐令であった。
English: On June 22, two days before the prince took any action, he sent MUTSUGE no Hiro, MURAKUNI no Oyori, and WANIBE no Kimite to Mino Province.
Japanese: 大海人皇子は、自身が行動をおこす2日前の6月22日に、村国男依、和珥部君手、身毛広は3人で美濃国に先行するよう命じた。
English: They successfully accomplished their task and 3,000 troops from Mino closed down Fuwa road.
Japanese: 彼らと多品治は無事にその任を果たし、美濃の兵3千が大海人皇子のために不破道を塞いだ。
English: When Prince Oama arrived in Mino Province, he divided his army into two groups which consisted of tens of thousands of soldiers; one was sent to Wa (Yamato Province) via Mt Daisen and the other was sent to Omi directly.
Japanese: 美濃国に入った大海人皇子は、7月2日に軍をそれぞれ数万の二手に分けて、一軍を伊勢国の大山越えで倭（大和国）へ、もう一軍を直接近江国に入らせることを命じた。
English: O no Honji led the party to Yamato with KI no Ahemaro, MIWA no Kobito and OKISOME no Usagi.
Japanese: 多品治は、紀阿閉麻呂、三輪子首、置始菟とともに大和に向かう軍を率いた。
English: After that, Honji received another order and stayed in Tarano with 3,000 troop members.
Japanese: この後で品治は別に命令を受け取り、3千の兵とともに莿萩野（たらの）に駐屯することになった。
English: As for the location of Tarano, the theory, which believes it to be in the northern part of Iga (a part of Ise Province at that time), is widely accepted, however, it was a good location to guard Iga in the pathways from Yamato - Iga - Ise - Mino.
Japanese: 莿萩野の位置については、伊賀（当時は伊勢国に属す）の北部との説が有力であるが、いずれにせよ大和-伊賀-伊勢-美濃と続く連絡線のうち伊賀を守る位置である。
English: The Osumi's group tried to attack Tarano the next day; however, O no Honji stopped the advance of the enemy, and his selected soldiers defeated the group.
Japanese: 小隅の軍は翌日莿萩野を襲おうとしたが、多品治はこれを阻止し、精兵をもって追撃した。
English: It is stated in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) that those with distinctive merits were selected on December 4 and given the rank Shosen or higher, and thus Honji was probably given the same or higher rank as well.
Japanese: 日本書紀には12月4日に勲功ある人を選んで冠位を増し、小山位以上をあたえたとする記事があるので、広もこれと同じかそれ以上の位を受けたと思われる。
English: On December 13, 683, O no Honji, Prince Ise, HATA no Yakuni and NAKATOMI no Oshima traveled all across Japan with their retainers, such as an inspector, a secretary and a carpenter to set borders among provinces.
Japanese: 天武天皇12年（683年）12月13日に、多品治は伊勢王、羽田八国（羽田矢国）、中臣大島とともに、判官・録史・工匠といった部下を引き連れて全国を巡り、諸国の境界を定めた。
English: On November 1, 684, 52 people includng O no Omi received the new title, Ason.
Japanese: 天武天皇13年（684年）11月1日に、多臣など52氏は新たに朝臣の姓を授かった。
English: On September 18, 685, Emperor Tenmu gambled with royal family members and his vassals at Oyasumidono.
Japanese: 天武天皇14年（685年）9月18日に、天武天皇は皇族・臣下と大安殿で博打をして遊んだ。
English: On August 25, 696, he was given the title of Jikikoichi along with gifts.
Japanese: 持統天皇10年（696年）8月25日に、多品治は直広壱と物を与えられた。
English: It was to reward his loyalty to the emperor from the very beginning of the Jinshin War and also his contributions defending the checkpoint.
Japanese: 壬申の乱の際にはじめから従ったことと、堅く関を守ったことが褒められたのである。
English: Judging from other examples, there is a possibility that this reward record might have implied the death of Honji.
Japanese: 他の例からすると、この贈位記事が品治の死去を意味している可能性がある。
English: OKIDA no Esaka (date of birth unknown - June 675) was a person who lived in the Askua Period.
Japanese: 大分恵尺（おおきだのえさか、生年不詳-天武天皇4年（675年）6月）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
English: When Prince Oama took action on June 24, he sent messengers to Rusutsukasa (a guard of the City), King Takasaka, in Wa (Yamato Province) to receive an ekirin (a bell needed for the exercise of imperial power).
Japanese: 大海人皇子は、6月24日に吉野で行動を起こす際に、倭（大和国）の飛鳥の留守司高坂王に使者を遣わし、駅鈴を求めた。
English: Esaka must go to Omi (Omino miya) and take Prince Takechi and Prince Otsu to Ise and meet me there.'
Japanese: 「恵尺は急いで近江（近江宮）に行き、高市皇子と大津皇子を連れ出し、伊勢で（私と）会え。」
English: Although it is unknown how Prince Takechi and Prince Otsu came to create different groups and escaped separately, Prince Takeichi joined Prince Oama's party the next day on the 25th at the entrance of Mt. Tsumue in Iga.
Japanese: 事情は不明だが、高市皇子と大津皇子はそれぞれ別々の集団を作って脱出し、高市皇子は翌25日に伊賀の積殖山口で大海人皇子一行に合流した。
English: OKIDA no Esaka traveled to Ise with Prince Otsu; however, they were stopped at the Suzuka-no-seki Checkpoint by a Prince Oama's subordinate.
Japanese: 大分恵尺は大津皇子に同行して伊勢に向かい、その日の深夜に鈴鹿関で大海人皇子の配下に制止された。
English: The chief officer of Suzuka-no-seki Checkpoint first mistook them for Prince Yamabe and Prince Ishikawa but realized it was Prince Otsu the next day.
Japanese: 鈴鹿関司ははじめ一行を山部王と石川王だと誤認したが、翌日に大津皇子と判明した。
English: It is stated in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) that those with distinctive merits were selected on December 4 and given the title Shosen or higher.
Japanese: 日本書紀には12月4日に勲功ある人を選んで冠位を増し、小山位以上をあたえたとする記事がある。
English: On June 23, 675, OKIDA no Esaka became very sick and did not have much time left until his death.
Japanese: 天武天皇4年（675年）6月23日に、大分恵尺は病んで死が近くなった。
English: The emperor was very shocked to hear the news and issued the imperial edict to promise him that his stories would be passed on, and his children would be taken good care of.
Japanese: 天皇はこれを知って驚き、恵尺の功を語って子孫を厚く賞することを約束する詔を発した。
English: The reason Esaka received Gei was probably because the emperor wanted to acknowledge his achievements yet was unable to give the same title as the dominant nobility since he was from a lower ranking family.
Japanese: 出自の低い恵尺を有力貴族と同列にすることはできないが、功臣を高く賞したいという考えから、外位になったと考えられる。
English: Ikunosuke MATSUYAMA (year of birth unknown-August 7, 1864) was a member of Shinsengumi (special police who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 松山幾之助（まつやまいくのすけ、生年不詳-元治元年7月6日(旧暦)（1864年8月7日））は新選組隊士。
English: On July 6, 1864, Matsuyama, who had been stationed to Okuichiya, Okayama (Prefecture), as Shinsengumi's spy to investigate into the movement in the western regions, was murdered by seven roshi (masterless samurai) represented by Taro OKAMOTO, and his head was shown in public at the Onari Bridge in Ipponmatsu.
Japanese: 1864年7月6日、松山は、新選組の密偵として西国の動きを探るため、岡山奥市谷に潜入していたが、岡元太郎ら7名の浪士に斬殺され、一本松の御成橋に梟首される。
English: In the ensuing appointment, he as well as Susumu YAMAZAKI and Kisaburo KAWAI joined the rear-echelon support troop led by Sanosuke HARADA.
Japanese: 直後の組織編成では、山崎烝、河合耆三郎らと共に、原田左之助の小荷駄方に属した。
English: In "the Eimeiroku" (a list of name of Shinsengumi members), which was compiled by Sakigake SHIMADA around August 1865, the name of Teizo name is flanked by those of Shiro KUSAKABE and Shigezo YAGANE.
Japanese: その後の慶応元年（1865年）七月頃作成された島田魁の『英名録』では、日下部四郎と矢金繁造の間に名を連ねている。
English: In fact, when Harumichi YANO (a scholar), who had been captured by Kanryusai TAKEDA (a member of Shinsengumi) in July 4, 1865, was released on July 8 and put under house arrest in Kyukogo, his boarding house, WADO visited Kanryusai to keep tabs on him.
Japanese: その証拠に、慶応元年閏五月十二日に武田観柳斎によって捕縛された矢野玄道が、十六日に釈放されて下宿先の鳩居堂に町預かりになると、その監視の為に輪堂が訪れている。
English: Akiyoshi ICHIJO (June 12, 1605-March 11, 1672) was a court noble of the highest rank in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 一条昭良（いちじょうあきよし、慶長10年4月26日(旧暦)（1605年6月12日）-寛文12年2月12日(旧暦)（1672年3月11日））は、江戸時代前期の公卿。
English: In 1609, he was adopted by Tadamoto ICHIJO, and he called himself 'Kaneto' at first.
Japanese: 1609年（慶長14年）一条内基の養子縁組となり、初めは兼遐（かねとお）と称した。
English: Around 1641, he settled in a mountain villa located in Nishigamo, the northern area of Kyoto City, and the villa and fief were inherited by his second son, Fuyumoto DAIGO, the founder of the Daigo family.
Japanese: 1641年（寛永18年）ごろから洛北西賀茂に山荘を営み、次男で醍醐家の祖醍醐冬基に伝領された。
English: KIFUMI no Otomo (year of birth unknown - November 9, 710) lived in the Asuka period in Japan.
Japanese: 黄書大伴（きふみのおおとも、生年不詳-和銅3年10月14日(旧暦)（710年11月9日））は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
English: He served Oama no Miko (Emperor Tenmu) in the Jinshin War in 672 and served three emperors, Tenmu, Jito and Monmu.
Japanese: 672年の壬申の乱で大海人皇子（天武天皇）の側にたって活躍し、天武天皇、持統天皇、文武天皇の3代に仕えた。
English: It is supposed that KIFUMI no Otomo served Prince Oama as a toneri (palace servant) when the Jinshin war started.
Japanese: 壬申の乱勃発当時、黄書大伴は大海人皇子の舎人として皇子のそばにいたと考えられている。
English: Prince Oama sent envoys to TAKASAKA no Okimi, a Rusutsukasa (a guard of the City) in Asuka, Yamato (Yamato Province) to demand the handover of an ekirei (a bell needed for the exercise of imperial power) at the time he took up army in Yoshino on July 24th.
Japanese: 大海人皇子は、6月24日に吉野で行動を起こす際に、倭（大和国）の飛鳥の留守司高坂王に使者を遣わし、駅鈴を求めた。
English: Esaka must head to Omi province (Omi no miya) and bring the Prince Takechi and the Prince Otsu out to Ise Province to meet me."
Japanese: 恵尺は急いで近江（近江宮）に行き、高市皇子と大津皇子を連れ出し、伊勢で（私と）会え」と命じた。
English: In accordance with the prince's order, OITA no Esaka headed to Omi province, AU Shima returned to Prince Oama, but there is no description in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) about KIFUMI no Otomo's afterward action.
Japanese: 命令に従い大分恵尺は近江に向かい、逢志摩は大海人皇子のもとに引き返したが、黄書大伴の行動については『日本書紀』に明記されない。
English: Otomo brothers decided to serve for the Prince Oama, and then Fukei joined the war over Yamato and Makuta followed the Prince Oama.
Japanese: 大伴兄弟は大海人皇子側につくことを決め、吹負は倭の争奪戦に乗り出し、馬来田は大海人皇子の後を追った。
English: KIFUMI no Otomo ran after the Prince and his party with Makuta from Yoshino no miya and joined them on the same day at Aki in Toda (Uda-gun, Yamato Province).
Japanese: 黄書大伴は、同日中に馬来田とともに吉野宮から皇子の一行を追って、莬田（大和国宇陀郡）の吾城で合流した。
English: According to "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), on December 28, the number of cap ranks were increased to grant a shosen (cap rank) or upper rank to those who were selected for their deeds of valor.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には、12月4日に勲功ある人を選んで冠位を増し、小山位以上をあたえたとする記事がある。
English: July 21 (August 29 in new calendar), 701 of "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued) describes that KIFUMI no Otomo was allotted 100 households.
Japanese: また、功により黄文大伴が100戸を封じられたことが『続日本紀』大宝(日本)元年（701年）7月21日条から知られる。
English: On September 21, FUJIWARA no Oshima ranked Jikidaishi (the fifteenth grade of jikiodai rank for vassals of the forty-eight grades of cap rank), the same rank as KIFUMI no Otomo, brought high priests up in Asuka-ji temple and gave a set of Kesa (Buddhist stole) to a priest.
Japanese: 8月28日に、直大肆の黄書大伴と同じく直大肆の藤原大島は、飛鳥寺に高僧を集めて一人に一領の袈裟を与えた。
English: This was ordered by the Empress Jito and Kesa given to the priest was made by the Emperor Tenmu's garment.
Japanese: これは持統天皇の指示によるもので、袈裟は天武天皇の服を縫って作ったものであった。
English: In 701, his great achievement during the Jinshin War was appreciated as 中第, he was allowed to leave a quarter out of 100 previously awarded households to his child.
Japanese: 大宝(日本)元年（701年）に黄文造大伴の壬申の乱での功績が中第と評価され、前に与えられた100戸の4分の1を子に伝えることが定められた。
English: On August 21, 703, KIFUMI no Otomo who was Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) was appointed as the governor of Yamashiro Province.
Japanese: 大宝3年（703年）7月5日に、正五位下の黄文連大伴は山背国守になった。
English: On May 3, 716, KIFUMI no Uruchimaro received a rice field as a result of his father's achievements.
Japanese: 霊亀2年（716年）4月8日に、子の黄文粳麻呂が父の功によって田を与えられた。
English: It is supposed that AU no Shima served the Prince Oama as a tonori (palace servant) when the Jinshin War started.
Japanese: 壬申の乱勃発当時、逢志摩は大海人皇子の舎人として皇子のそばにいたと考えられている。
English: In accordance with the Prince's order, OITA no Esaka headed to Omi province, AU no Shima returned to Prince Oama and reported "the failure to get the bell."
Japanese: 命令に従い大分恵尺は近江に向かい、逢志摩は大海人皇子のもとに引き返して、「鈴を得ず」と復奏した。
English: Higuma KATO (year of birth unknown - June 23, 1867) was a common member (regimental soldier) of the Shinsengumi (literally, the newly selected corps, referring to a special police force for the Tokugawa regime) and was a 側越人 of Kanryusai TAKEDA.
Japanese: 加藤羆（かとうひぐま、生年不詳～慶応3年（1867年）6月23日）は新選組平隊士で、武田観柳斎の側越人。
English: Tomi joined the Shinsengumi by responding to the recruitment taking place in Kyoto and Ozaka (present-day Osaka) in or before August or September, 1865, and retired until July, 1867.
Japanese: 慶応元年7月（1865年8月～9月）迄の京坂における隊士募集に応じ、入隊するが、慶応3年6月（1867年7月）迄に離隊している。
English: Katsunoshin KAGATSUME (year of birth unknown - March 29, 1868) was a Hira-taishi (common soldier) of the Shinsengumi (literally, the newly selected corps, referring to a special police force for the Tokugawa regime).
Japanese: 加賀爪勝之進（かがつめかつのしん、生年不詳-慶応4年3月6日(旧暦)（1868年3月29日））は新選組平隊士。
English: Katsunoshin's name appeared as a Hira-doshi (common soldier) in a record of the Shinsengumi which was then formally employed as a group of mercenaries by the shogunate on July 11, 1867.
Japanese: 慶応3年6月10日（1867年7月11日）の幕府召抱えでは平同士として名を連ねる。
English: However, Katsunoshin was shot dead in the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma on March 29, 1868.
Japanese: しかし、同年3月6日（1868年3月29日）の甲州勝沼の戦いで被弾、戦死する。
English: Muan Xingtao (March 16, 1611 - March 6, 1684) was a monk of the Obaku school (Obaku sect) of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism, who came to Japan from Ming of China in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 木庵性瑫（もくあんしょうとう、万暦39年2月3日(旧暦)（1611年3月16日）-貞享元年1月20日(旧暦)（1684年3月6日））は、江戸時代前期に中国の明から渡来した臨済宗黄檗派（黄檗宗）の僧。
English: Entering the Buddhist priesthood in 1629, he visited Hang Zhou City, Mt. Tendo, Xi Hu, etc. and at the age of 28, he practiced Zen meditation under HIIN Tsuyo on Mt. Jinsushan.
Japanese: 1629年に得度し、杭州市や天童山、西湖等を歴参して、28歳の時には、金粟山の費隠通容に参禅した。
English: Although he tried to visit Hiin on Mt. Tendo in 1648, it was prevented by the wars; instead, he climbed Mt. Obaku in China and received teachings from Yinyuan Longqi.
Japanese: 1648年には、天童山の費隠の許に行こうとするも戦乱のために果たせず、中国黄檗山に登り隠元隆きからその法を受けた。
English: Invited by Ingen, who went to Japan in 1654, he went to Japan in 1655 and became the chief priest of Fukusai-ji Temple in Nagasaki City.
Japanese: 1654年に来日していた隠元に招かれ1655年に来日、長崎市の福済寺の住持となった。
English: He entered Fumon-ji Temple in Settsu Province in 1660 and Manpuku-ji Temple on Mt. Obaku in Uji in Yamashiro Province in 1661, and inherited the place of Ingen on September 4, 1664.
Japanese: 1660年に摂津国の普門寺、1661年山城国宇治の黄檗山萬福寺に入り、1664年9月4日、隠元の法席を継いだ。
English: In February 1680, he handed over the place on Mt. Obaku to ERIN Shoki, who became the third chief priest, and retired to Shiunin on the mountain.
Japanese: 1680年2月、黄檗山の法席を第3代の慧林性機に譲り、山内の紫雲院に隠退した。
English: He was also known as a noshoka (master of calligraphy) whose calligraphic style was possible only to Chinese, and was known as one of three famous ancient calligraphers on Mt. Obaku together with Ingen and Sokuhi.
Japanese: 能書家としても知られ、その書風は中国人ならではのものがあり、隠元、即非とともに黄檗三筆と称されている。
English: The three had common styles, highly valued as 'Tang style' or 'Obaku-style calligraphy,' with Ingen's writing valued as ''moderate and sophisticated,' Muan's writing as 'vigorous and peacefully fulfilling,' and Sokuhi's writing as 'wild and broad-minded.'
Japanese: 三人には共通した書風があり、隠元の「穏健高尚な書」、木庵の「雄健円成の書」、即非の「奔放闊達な書」と評され「唐風」あるいは「黄檗風の書」として珍重されている。
English: Gyoyu TAIKO (1163 - August 13, 1241) was a priest of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism who lived during the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 退耕行勇（たいこうぎょうゆう、長寛元年（1163年）-仁治2年7月5日(旧暦)（1241年8月13日））は、鎌倉時代前期の臨済宗の僧。
English: He practiced Zen meditation with Eisai at Jufuku-ji Temple and became his disciple when Eisai went down to Kamakura in 1200.
Japanese: 1200年（正治2年）栄西が鎌倉に下向した際には、寿福寺で参禅しその門下に入った。
English: In 1219, he went up to Mt. Koya to found Kongosanmai-in Temple and made the temple as a dojo (training hall) for ascetic practices of both Zen and Mikkyo.
Japanese: 1219年（承久元年）高野山に上って金剛三昧院を開創し、禅密兼修の道場とした。
English: He founded Kamakura Tosho-ji Temple (in Kamakura City) by the support of Yasutoki HOJO, and also Jomyo-ji Temple (in Kamakura City) by the support of Ashikaga clan.
Japanese: 北条泰時により鎌倉東勝寺(鎌倉市)を、また足利氏により浄妙寺(鎌倉市)を開山している。
English: Nagatane TOKOYO (1832-March 19, 1886) was a scholar of Japanese classical literature in the end of the Edo period and Jingikan (official of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony) in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 常世長胤（とこよながたね、天保3年（1832年）-明治19年（1886年）3月19日）は江戸末期の国学者・明治期の神祇官。
English: In May 1872, he was transferred from a 12th-grade clerk at the Shinto Propagation Agency to the Shinto priest of Shiba-dai-jingu Shrine, which was located in Shiba Daimon, Minato Ward, Tokyo.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5）5月、宣教使十二等出仕から東京都港区(東京都)芝大門鎮座の芝大神宮祠官に異動。
English: Junichi KARIGANE (July 30, 1879 - February 21, 1959) was a kishi (professional Go player) from the Meiji period to the Showa period.
Japanese: 雁金準一（かりがねじゅんいち、1879年（明治12年）7月30日-1959年（昭和34年）2月21日）は、明治から昭和にかけての棋士(囲碁)。
English: After the period of these Hoen-sha (Hoen Go Association), a disciple of Shuei HONINBO and Nihon Ki-in (the Japanese Go Association), KARIGANE, as a leader of Kisei-sha (Kisei Go Association) in In (Nihon Ki-in) vs Sha (Hoen-sha) matches, was a rival of Shusai HONINBO.
Japanese: 方円社、本因坊秀栄門下、日本棋院を経て、棋正社の総帥としての日本棋院との院社対抗戦などで、本因坊秀哉とライバル関係にあった。
English: He was born in Hongo (Bunkyo Ward), Tokyo Metropolis, in a former samurai family serving in the residence of Mikawa-Yoshida Domain of Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 東京都本郷(文京区)に、元は三河国三河吉田藩の藩邸に仕える武家であった家に生まれる。
English: He learned Go at about the age of 4 from his father who liked Go, improved his skills by playing Go with visitors; he secretly brushed up his skills by learning from 'Honinbo Jowa Chosaku' and so on in spite of the order from his father not to play Go for the sake of his studies, and at about the age of 12 to 13 after receiving his father's permission at last, he had no rivals in his neighborhood.
Japanese: 4歳頃に碁好きの父より碁を学び、来客との対局などで大いに腕を上げ、学業のために父からは碁を禁じられるが秘かに「本因坊丈和著作」などで研鑽して遂に父から許しを得、12、3歳頃には近隣では敵無しとなる。
English: Being in poverty due to his father's asthma, he was supported by Nobune ONO, an acquaintance of Konosuke KAWAKITA, began to go to Hoen-sha in 1893 and became a ranked player the following year.
Japanese: 父の喘息のために困窮していたが、河北耕之助の知人の小野述信の援助を受け、1893年(明治26年)から方円社に通い始めるようになり、翌年入段する。
English: Subsequently favored by Hirobumi ITO, he lived in Ito's house, and while accompanying him to Hiroshima City and Shimonoseki City, he came to be known as a 'Go Kid.'
Japanese: その後伊藤博文の恩顧を受けて伊藤宅に居し、また広島市、下関市に随伴し、「碁打小僧」として知られるようになる。
English: After entering Hoen-sha in 1896, he became a private pupil of the retired Kamezaburo NAKAGAWA, and accompanied him on his trips to various places.
Japanese: 1896年に方円社に入塾、中川亀三郎退隠とともにその内弟子となり、各地遊歴にも随行する。
English: In Takate in Keijo (old name of Seoul City in the period of Japan's rule) he played so well with four stones down to start the game (in the Korean rule two stones) against Haku Nankei, a Chusuin official, that he was called a 'prodigy.'
Japanese: 京城の高手で中枢員議官の白南奎という者と対戦、四子（朝鮮ルールの二子）にまで打ち込んで「神童来」と言われる。
English: In 1905, he left Hoen-sha, entered 'Japan Igo Kai' organized by Shuei in the same year, then promoted to 5 dan, while becoming Shuei's disciple at the same time.
Japanese: 1905年に方円社を退社して、この年に秀栄の組織した「日本囲棋会」に入り、秀栄門下となるとともに五段に昇段。
English: In this reception he was given a shi-sho (context of a poem or a book with musical components) from Ito: '東西分局勢 黒白闘雌雄 坐看輸贏迹 賢愚老此中.'
Japanese: この披露会にて伊藤公より、「東西分局勢　黒白闘雌雄　坐看輸贏迹　賢愚老此中」の詩章を贈られる。
English: In those days, the possible candidates of Shuei were Karigane and Yasuhisa TAMURA, who was five years older and a better player than Karigane; however, Shuei did not decide his successor because he did not like Tamura's character.
Japanese: この頃、秀栄の後継候補は雁金と5歳年長の田村保寿で、実力は田村が上であったが、秀栄は田村の性格を嫌っており、跡目を決めることはなかった。
English: Also, it is said to have been a factor, which Tamura lost Shuei's trust when he asked Karigane, five dan, finishing their match in a jigo (drawn match) in the commemoration of his promotion to seven dan (in 1905) was revealed from the kifu (record of a game of go, shogi, chess, etc.).
Japanese: また田村が七段昇段記念の碁(1905年)で、相手の雁金五段に持碁にするように申し入れた件を棋譜から見破られたことも、田村が信用を失う一因とされる。