nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Tada Genji is the name of the line which originated from MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka (Mitsunaka TADA) among Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) branches and was based in Tada.
Japanese: 多田源氏（ただげんじ）は、清和源氏において源満仲（多田満仲）に始まる多田の地を本拠とした系統を指した呼称。
English: There are various interpretations on 'Tada-Genji' of Seiwa-Genji as follows today, and all interpretations have good reasons.
Japanese: 清和源氏における「多田源氏」が指す一族の解釈は必ずしも定まったものではなく、今日に至るまで以下のような用い方が流布しているがいずれも誤りではないといえる。
English: In one case, 'Tada-Genji' means all of the early Seiwa-Genji branches whose center figure was MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka who was based in Tada Manors.
Japanese: 多田庄を本拠とする源満仲を中心とした初期清和源氏全般を指して用いる場合。
English: In another case, 'Tada-Genji' means 'Settsu-Genji' the descendants of Yorimitsu who inherited Tada Manors as an heir of Mitsunaka.
Japanese: 満仲の嫡子として多田庄を継承した頼光の後裔「摂津源氏」と同義で用いる場合。
English: A recent, precise definition says, 'Tada-Genji' means only the line which inherited Tada Manors among Settsu-Genji branches (for further details, see below).
Japanese: 但し、近年ではより厳密な定義として、上記摂津源氏の中でも特に多田庄を相続した系統のみを指して「多田源氏」と呼ぶ用い方もなされている（以下にて詳述）。
English: MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka who was a military aristocrat of the capital in the middle Heian period owned Tada Manors in Kawabe district, Settsu Province, an acting governor of which he had became twice, moved to the Tada basin in the manors (the present Tada in Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture), and lived in the mansion surrounded by his retainers' houses, in the vicinity of Tada-jinja Shrine (the previous Tada-In).
Japanese: 平安時代中期に都の軍事貴族であった源満仲は、二度国司を務めた摂津国川辺郡多田庄を所領として庄内多田盆地（現在の兵庫県川西市多田周辺）に入部し、現在の多田神社（旧多田院）付近に居館を構えて周辺に郎党を住まわせたとされる。
English: As he organized his retainers to form an army in Tada Manors, the manors became the first base of Seiwa-Genji which had developed to a prominent samurai clan.
Japanese: そして、これらの郎党を組織して多田庄に武士団を形成したことから、のちに武門として大きく発展した清和源氏一族の最初の拠点となった。
English: Although Tada Manors were generally supposed to be inherited by MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu who was an heir of Mitsunaka, by Yorimitsu's first child, MINAMOTO no Yorikuni, and then by Yorimitsu's fifth son, Minamoto no Yoritsuna, Yorimitsu and Yorikuni were active in the capital as middle class aristocrats while there are no historical materials which connect them with Tada Manors.
Japanese: 多田庄は満仲の嫡子であった源頼光が継承し、頼光の長子源頼国を経て、その五男源頼綱に継承されたと一般的に考えられてきたが、頼光と頼国は専ら中級の貴族として都で活動しており多田との関係を示す史料は現在のところ確認されていない。
English: In addition, there are some disorders in the early genealogy of Tada-Genji, so that it was suggested during the 1960s or 1970s that Mitsunaka had handed over Tada Manors to his seventh son, MINAMOTO no Yorinori, and to Yorinori's son, Yoritsuna.
Japanese: これに加えて初期多田源氏の系譜には混乱がみられることなどから、多田庄は満仲から七男源頼範とその子の頼綱に継承されたとする説が昭和40年代に提起されたことがある。
English: On the other hand, it is difficult to imagine that Yorimitsu and Yorikuni, the main line of Mitsunaka, did not inherit Mitsunaka's property while there were no conflicts needing military forces as the regency was established, so it is considered that Yorikuni and Yorimitsu left the management of Tada Manors to their families or retainers and stayed at the capital, but it is still controversial.
Japanese: これに対し、満仲の嫡流である頼光・頼国が所領を有さなかったとは考え難く、またこの時代は摂関政治の確立により武力を要する政変などが無くなっていたことなども踏まえ、多田庄の経営は一族や郎党の者に任せ自身は在京したものであるとの考察もなされているが、現時点では判然としていない。
English: The ownership of Tada Manors was donated to the regent family in the reign of Yoritsuna (as well as of Yorikuni), so that Tada Manors became the estates owned by the regent family.
Japanese: 多田庄は頼綱の時代（頼国の時代とも）に摂関家に寄進され、摂関家領荘園となる。
English: Yoritsuna protected the capital with his retainers in Tada Manors when the priests' of Enryaku-ji Temple protested in 1079.
Japanese: そして、承暦3年（1079年）の延暦寺の強訴の際には、頼綱が多田荘の郎党を率いて都の防衛にあたっている。
English: In the cloistered government period, collateral lines such as MINAMOTO no Kunifusa (Akikuni's uncle) and MINAMOTO no Nakamasa (Akikuni's younger brother) served as the cloistered emperor's army while the line of Akikuni who inherited Tada Manors, the estates owned by the regent family, did not join the cloistered emperor's army and continued to be a private army for the regent family through the generation of Tada Yukitsuna (a grand-grand son of Akikuni).
Japanese: 院政期に至ると庶流の源国房（明国の叔父）の系統や源仲政（明国の弟）の系統が北面武士などとして院に伺候したが、摂関家領である多田荘を継承した明国の系統は多田行綱（明国の曾孫）の代に至るまで院北面とはなっておらず、代々摂関家の私的武力としての性格を持ち続けた。
English: The Tada clan worked at court as secretary of the emperor for generations and the head of the clan called himself "Tada Kurodo" while the decrease of political power of the regent family broke the force of the Tada clan and no prominent person had appeared before Yukitsuna.
Japanese: そして、一族の者は中央に出仕して代々蔵人を務め嫡流は「多田蔵人」を称したが、摂関家の政治力の低下とも相俟ってその勢力は振るわず、行綱に至るまで主だった人物は出ていない。
English: Yorimori TADA and his brother Yorinori TADA who had disputed over the head of the Tada clan fought each other at the Hogen Disturbance as Yorimori supported the reigning Emperor Goshirakawa and Yorinori supported the Retired Emperor Sutoku, and then Yorinori and his heir Moritsuna TADA were executed.
Japanese: 保元の乱では、惣領の座を巡って激しく争った多田頼盛・多田頼憲兄弟が後白河天皇方と崇徳上皇方とに別れて戦い、上皇方に与した頼憲とその嫡子多田盛綱が処刑されている。
English: According to "Heiji Monogatari" (The tale of the Heiji), in the Heiji Disturbance, 'Tada kurodo dayu Yorinori (maybe a misunderstanding of Yorimori)' supported the Nobuyori FUJIWARA and Yoshitomo MINAMOTO side to attack Sanjo Palace together, so that he was appointed as governor of Settsu Province as a reward after the war, while it is unclear about the clan at that time as other historical materials do not mention Tada-Genji.
Japanese: 続く平治の乱では、「多田蔵人大夫頼範」（頼盛の誤伝か）なる人物が藤原信頼・源義朝方として三条殿襲撃に加わり、戦後恩賞として摂津守に任官されたことが『平治物語』にみえているが、その他の史料における所見はなく、多田源氏の動向は詳らかではない。
English: During the reign of the Taira clan, Yukitsuna who joined the Shishigatani Conspiracy and informed the conspiracy secretly to TAIRA no Kiyomori had been chosen as a leader of the army against the Taira clan by FUJIWARA no Narichika because Yukitsuna had military power in Tada Manors.
Japanese: 平氏政権下となると、行綱が鹿ケ谷の陰謀に加わりその謀議を密告したことで知られるが、この陰謀で行綱が藤原成親によって反平家の大将に据えられたのも多田荘の武力を背景とした行綱の力量を見込んでのことであった。
English: Although Yukitsuna commanded Settsu warriors and participated actively in the Jisho and Juei Disturbances on the Genji side, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the head of the eastern warriors and heir of Seiwa-Genji, seized control of Tada Manor, resulting in the fall of the Tada-Genji.
Japanese: その後の治承・寿永の乱では、行綱が摂津武士を率いて源氏方の一翼として活躍したが、東国武士の棟梁となり清和源氏の嫡流を自認した源頼朝によって多田荘を奪われると多田源氏は没落した。
English: After that, Tada Manor was ruled directly by the Tada-In gokenin, a group consisting of collateral branches of the Tada-Genji or retainers that had served the Tada-Genji for generations, while direct descendants of the Tada-Genji apparently broke away to form new clans such as the Tada clan and Nose clan; however, further details concerning these developments are no longer known.
Japanese: その後の多田荘は、多田源氏の庶流や累代の家人たちによって構成される多田院御家人によって在地支配がなされ、多田源氏直系の子孫は多田氏や能勢氏などとなったとされるが、その詳しい動向は明確でなくなっている。
English: There are a number of temples and shrines, which handed their legends related to Tada-Genji down to generations, around Kawanishi City, Sanda City, Inagawa-cho and Takarazuka City of Hyogo Prefecture which lie in the former grounds of Tada Manors.
Japanese: 旧多田荘の荘域にあたる現在の兵庫県川西市・三田市・猪名川町・宝塚市及びその周辺の地域には現在でも多田源氏にまつわる伝承を縁起に残す寺社が複数存在している。
English: The Edict expelling Jesuit missionaries was a prohibition document concerning the mission of Christianity and trade with Spain and Portugal issued by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in Chikuzen Hakozaki, in July 24, 1587.
Japanese: バテレン追放令（-ついほうれい・伴天連追放令）は1587年7月24日（天正15年6月19日(旧暦)）に筑前箱崎において豊臣秀吉が発令したキリスト教宣教と南蛮貿易に関する禁制文書。
English: The original can be found in the "Documents of the Matsuura Family" and is owned by the Matsuura Historical Museum in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture.
Japanese: 原本は『松浦家文書』にあり、平戸市の松浦史料博物館に所蔵されている。
English: The document called 'Edict expelling Jesuit missionaries' usually indicates the Document of Five Articles dated June 19 (hereafter 'Expelling edict') incorporated in the "Documents of the Matsuura Family," but note that occasionally a Memorandum of Eleven Articles dated June 18 in "Goshuin Shishoku Kokaku" (a collection of copied documents concerning Iicenses and practices of onshi, ushers at the Ise Shrine) discovered in the Jingu Library of Ise Jingu Shrine in 1933 (hereafter 'Memorandum') is also included.
Japanese: 通常、「バテレン追放令」と呼ばれる文書はこの『松浦家文書』に収められた6月19日付の五か条の文書（以下便宜的に「追放令」と記す）を指すが、昭和8年に伊勢神宮の神宮文庫から発見された『御朱印師職古格』の中の6月18日付の11か条の覚書（以下便宜的に「覚書」と記す）のことも含めることがあるので注意が必要である。
English: Moreover, it has been discussed in many ways concerning the reason for the differences from the Expelling edict of Five Articles and the meaning of two documents ever since the latter Memorandum of Eleven Articles was discovered.
Japanese: さらに後者の11か条の覚書が発見されて以降、五か条の追放令との相違点がある理由や二つの文書の意味づけに関してさまざまな議論が行われている。
English: Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI originally inherited the policy of Nobunaga ODA and approved the Christian mission.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉は元来織田信長の政策を継承し、キリスト教布教を容認していた。
English: He gave an audience to Gaspar Coelho, a missionary of the Society of Jesus, in Osaka Castle on March 16, 1586 and issued a permit for the mission on May 4 of the same year.
Japanese: 1586年（天正14年）3月16日(旧暦)には大坂城にイエズス会宣教師ガスパール・コエリョを引見し、同年5月4日(旧暦)にはイエズス会に対して布教の許可証を発給している。
English: However, after suppression in Kyushu, he announced restrictions on the Christian mission while staying in Hakata Hakozaki in July 24, 1587 and handed over a statement to expel the missionaries and have freedom of trade to Domingos Monteiro (Capitão-mór) in charge of commerce from the Portugal side who stayed there and to Coelho in charge of the Japan division in the Society of Jesus of that time.
Japanese: しかし、九州平定後、博多箱崎に滞在していた1587年7月24日（天正15年6月19日(旧暦)）に同地に滞在していたポルトガル側通商責任者（カピタン・モール）ドミンゴス・モンテイロおよび当時のイエズス会日本地区の責任者であったコエリョに対して宣教師の退去と貿易の自由を宣告する文書を手渡してキリスト教宣教の制限を表明した。
English: Concretely the following is described, that is, it is not appropriate to Christianize Japan, the land of the Shinto gods, it is forbidden to form a group of Christians and believersm, to destroy shrines and temples, and the missionaries should leave Japan within twenty days, and at the same time this edict does not prevent trade with Spain and Portugal and there are no restrictions on foreign merchants who have not come to spread Christianity in Japan.
Japanese: 具体的には神国である日本でキリスト教を布教することはふさわしくないということ、領民などを集団で信徒にすることや神社仏閣などの打ちこわしの禁止、宣教師の20日以内の国外退去などと同時に、この法令が南蛮貿易を妨げるものでなく、布教に関係しない外国人商人の渡来に関してはなんら規制を設けないことが示されている。
English: However, he threatened to punish those seizing the opportunity to harm missionaries and did not prohibit any one from believing Christianity in accordance with one's own will, but prohibited forcing conversion to Christianity, and also a domain lord with a certain amount of domain should submit to the approval system when converting to Christianity (Hideyoshi's permission is required) so, even this is not prohibited.
Japanese: ただ、この機に乗じて宣教師に危害を加えたものは処罰すると言い渡しており、強制的にキリスト教への改宗をさせる事は禁止しているが、個人が自分の意思でキリスト教を信仰する事は規制しておらず、一定の領地を持つ大名がキリスト教信者になるのも認可制（秀吉の許可が必要）とされたが、これも禁止されてはいない。
English: It should be noted that the Christianity itself was not prohibited, not oppressed nor persecuted at this time.
Japanese: この時点ではキリスト教そのものを禁止してもいないし、弾圧や迫害してもいない事には注意するべきである。
English: Moreover, Luis Frois described in "Historia de Japan" (History of Japan) that Hideyoshi was furious due to a female issue, but he was often biased toward not only Hideyoshi, but also those against Christianity, therefore, it is necessary take that into consideration.
Japanese: なお、女性問題で秀吉が激怒したと言うのはルイス・フロイスの『日本史』に書かれているが、フロイスは秀吉に限らずキリスト教に反対した人物への評価が偏りがちになるため、その点を割り引く必要がある。
English: Alessandro Valignano, a missionary stayed in Japan during the same period strongly criticized the careless conduct of Coelho, and it seems to be certain that his conduct was really problematic.
Japanese: 同時期に日本にいた宣教師アレッサンドロ・ヴァリニャーノはコエリョの軽率な行動を厳しく非難しており、コエリョの行動に問題があった事は確かであるようだ。
English: As to the human trafficking theory, there is one sentence in "Goshuin Shishoku Kokaku" prohibiting the selling of Japanese to the southern barbarians by the Japanese, but there is no material other than this and the content is 'to Great Tang, southern Europe, and Goryeo,' not written with regard 'to the missionaries'.
Japanese: 人身売買説に対しては『御朱印師職古格』に日本人が日本人を南蛮人に売り渡す事を禁止する一文があるが、それ以外には史料はなく、内容も「大唐、南蛮、高麗に」であって「宣教師に」とは書かれていない。
English: It is a absolute fact that Sumitada OMURA, a domain lord in Kyushu, forced the domain people convert to the Christianity and destroyed temples and shrines.
Japanese: 九州の大名の中には大村純忠のように領民を強制的にキリスト教に改宗させようとしたり、寺社仏閣を破壊した事があったのは事実である。
English: Nowadays the main reasons could be that the expansion of Christianity in Kyushu was feared to transfigure political and military aspects like Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) of that time, and Christians were also regulated as 'eight schools and nine schools' (Article Nine) and Christianity was regarded as a religion under the regime in the Memorandum on June 18, but was strictly regulated again as though it would 'spread evil belief' like reversing this in the Expelling edict on June 19.
Japanese: 現在では主要な理由は九州におけるキリスト教の拡大が当時の浄土真宗的な政治・軍事面への変貌を危惧した事と、6月18日(旧暦)の覚書ではキリシタンも「八宗九宗」（第九条）と規定して体制下の宗教と見なしていたが、19日の追放令ではこれを覆すかのように「邪法を授け」るものとしてキリスト教を厳しく規定しなおしている。
English: That is, including Christians in the addition of 'eight schools and nine schools,' it was probably intended to place the Society of Jesus under Hideyoshi's political dominance in exchange for protection of faith and grant of a domain as in the case of Hongan-ji Temple and Kongobuji Temple, and Historian Masaki ANNO said that the cause could be 'a conflict between the Christian ideology and the unification concept of the Hideyoshi regime.'
Japanese: すなわち「八宗九宗」の中にキリシタンを加えているのも含め、イエズス会を本願寺や金剛峯寺と同様に、信仰の保護と所領の給付と引換に秀吉による政治的支配に服属させる意図があったと考えられており、歴史学者の安野眞幸は「キリスト教のイデオロギーと秀吉政権の統一思想との衝突」が原因ではなかったかと述べている。
English: The missionaries of the Society of Jesus received the prohibition edict gathered in Hirado and withheld official mission activities after that.
Japanese: 禁令を受けたイエズス会宣教師たちは平戸に集結して、以後公然の布教活動を控えた。
English: Hideyoshi destroyed the Kyoto Church (Nanban-dera Temple) and confiscated the diplomatic offices and churches in Nagasaki, but did not uncompromisingly prohibit Christianity itself more than that because he highly regarded the practical gains brought by trade with Spain and Portugal.
Japanese: 南蛮貿易のもたらす実利を重視した秀吉は京都にあった教会（南蛮寺）を破却、長崎の公館と教会堂を接収してはいるが、キリスト教そのものへのそれ以上の強硬な禁教は行っていない。
English: It was after the San Felipe Ship incident that Hideyoshi calcified against the Christianity.
Japanese: 秀吉がキリスト教に対して態度を硬化させるのはサン＝フェリペ号事件以後の事である。
English: Christianity was practically prohibited in Japan after the Ban on Christianity was issued in 1614 ordered by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his prohibition edict also basically followed this Edict expelling the missionaries by Hideyoshi in the wording.
Japanese: 日本において、キリスト教が実質的に禁じられるのは徳川家康の命による1614年（慶長19年）のキリスト教禁止令以降のことになるが、家康の禁教令も言い回しなど基本的な部分においてこの秀吉のバテレン追放令にならうものとなっている。
English: 1. It is unprecedented that they made the domain people their believers, destroyed shrines and temples, and places of living, enfeoffment, and other things that have been done only for the time being.
Japanese: 一、其国郡之者を近付門徒になし　神社仏閣を打破之由　前代未聞候　国郡在所知行等給人に被下候儀は当座之事候。
English: 1. The missionaries held temples' supporters with their wits as they desired and destroyed the Buddhist law, therefore, they should not be allowed in the land of Japan, and should prepare to leave and return to their country within twenty days from this day, and also those who harm the missionaries during this period shall be punished.
Japanese: 一、伴天連其知恵之法を以　心さし次第に檀那を持候と被思召候へは　如右日域之仏法を相破事曲事候条　伴天連儀日本之地ニハおかされ間敷候間　今日より廿日之間に用意仕可帰国候　其中に下々伴天連に不謂族（儀の誤りか）申懸もの在之ハ　曲事たるへき事
English: 1. The black ships are for commerce, and thereby they shall be treated differently and we shall buy and purchase various items over the years.
Japanese: 一、黒船之儀ハ　商買之事候間格別候之条　年月を経諸事売買いたすへき事
English: 1. For those who do not try to prevent Buddhist law, such foreign merchants shall be allowed to come to or leave Japan any time after this.
Japanese: 一、自今以後仏法のさまたけを不成輩ハ　商人之儀は不及申、いつれにてもきりしたん国より往還くるしからす候条　可成其意事
English: The Expulsion Edict is a law Kanpaku TOYOTOMI Hidetsugu issued in 1592 during the Azuchi Momoyama period.
Japanese: 人掃令（ひとばらいれい）は、安土桃山時代の1592年(文禄元年）に関白豊臣秀次の名で出された法令である。
English: It was mandated to take a census, such as the number of households, the given population, gender, age and occupation in village units and to submit the census in writing.
Japanese: 全国の戸口調査を命じ、一村単位の家数、人数、男女、老若、職業などを明記した書類を作成して提出させたもの。
English: The goal was said to have determine the mobilization capacity of military force and workers to deal with Korean invasions (Bunroku and Keicho battles) by Hideyoshi and it also contributed to the separation of warriors and farmers.
Japanese: 目的は秀吉の朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)のための兵力把握や人夫の動員可能数の把握と言われているが、結果として兵農分離の一因ともなった。
English: It is acknowledged that the Expulsion Edict contributed both to the separation of warriors and farmers and to the Korean invasions.
Japanese: そのため、兵農分離の一連の流れと朝鮮出兵の流れの両方として評価されている。
English: The Yoshikawa family documents, historical material, state that it was executed in 1591, but recent researchers doubt the date and strongly suggest it was executed in 1592.
Japanese: 史料の吉川家文書には1591年（天正19年）と記されているが、最近の研究においてはこの日付には否定的で翌年の1592年（文禄元年）の誤りではないかとする説が有力である。
English: As the Occupation Control Edict (Mibuntoseirei) TOYOTOMI Hideyoshi ordered in 1591 and the Expulsion Edict have some common policies, some suppose that the Expulsion Edict was issued to increase enforcement of the policy.
Japanese: また、この1591年に豊臣秀吉によって出された身分統制令の中にも人掃令と共通する項目があり、その方針の更なる徹底を図ったのが翌年の人掃令発令の意図とする見方もある。
English: Sawayama-jo Castle was a mountain castle (of which almost no trace remains today) and was located in Hikone City in Shiga Prefecture (what was once Inukami County of Omi Province).
Japanese: 佐和山城（さわやまじょう）は滋賀県彦根市（近江国犬上郡）にある山城跡。
English: It was a key strongpoint that controlled not only Inukami County but all of Omi Province, and is famous for being the seat of power of the daimyo Mitsunari ISHIDA at the end of the sixteenth century.
Japanese: 犬上郡のみならず近江支配の重要拠点であり、16世紀の末には石田三成が居城としたことでも知られる。
English: During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), the castle fell under the control of the Asai clan; during the Genki era (1570-1573), the retainer of the Asai clan and lord of the castle, Kazumasa ISONO, began a fierce conflict with Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)には浅井氏の支城となり、元亀年間には浅井氏の家来である城主磯野員昌が織田信長らと激戦を繰り広げた。
English: But in the second month of 1571, the Isono clan surrendered, and Nagahide NIWA, a vassal of the Oda clan, occupied the castle, taking the place of the Asai clan, controlling Inukami County Omi Province as well as Wakasa Province from there.
Japanese: しかし1571年（元亀2年）2月に磯野は降伏し、代わって織田氏配下の丹羽長秀が入城し、近江国犬上郡および若狭国支配の拠点とした。
English: At the Kiyosu Council, which occurred in the sixth month of 1582 following the Honnoji Incident (in which Nobunaga died, betrayed by his vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI), the castle was awarded to Hidemasa HORI, who had won distinction during the hunting down of the Akechi forces, but thereafter, following a transition of the leadership of the Hori clan, it was Yoshiharu HORIO who occupied it.
Japanese: 1582年（天正10年）6月の本能寺の変の後に行われた清洲会議では、明智討伐に功があった堀秀政に与えられ、その後、堀家の転封にともない堀尾吉晴が入城した。
English: Still later, starting in 1590 (though theories differ as to precisely when he entered and began ruling there), Mitsunari ISHIDA, one of the Five Commissioners, took over rulership of the castle.
Japanese: さらに、1590年（天正18年、ただし入府時期には異説あり）には五奉行の一人である石田三成が入城した。
English: Mitsunari launched a large-scale repair project, constructing a towering castle with a five-storey (others claim it was a three-storey) central donjon on the mountain's summit, which lead to the saying 'Mitsunari outdid himself about two things, Sakon SHIMA and Sawayama-jo Castle.'
Japanese: 三成は大規模な改修工事を行い、山頂に五層（三層説あり）の天守が高くそびえたつほどの城を築き、「三成に過ぎたるもの二つあり、島左近と佐和山の城」と言わしめた。
English: But Mitsunari was often away at Fushimi in order to fulfill his duties as Commissioner, so the one actually entrusted with the running of the castle was Masatsugu ISHIDA, his father.
Japanese: 但し、三成は奉行の任を全うするために伏見に滞在することが多く、実際に城を任されていたのは父の石田正継であった。
English: It is thought that Mitsunari, contemplating what to do if the worst occurred and his side was defeated in the battle of Sekigahara, planned to regroup at Sawayama-jo Castle and continue the war from there.
Japanese: 三成は関ヶ原の戦いに万が一敗北した場合を考え、佐和山城で再戦を意図していたとされる。
English: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who on October 21, 1600 defeated Mitsunari at the battle of Sekigahara, sent Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA to lead the vanguard and begin a fierce assault on Sawayama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 1600年（慶長5年）9月15日(旧暦)の関ヶ原の戦いで三成を破った徳川家康は、小早川秀秋軍を先鋒として佐和山城を猛攻撃した。
English: The majority of the castle's forces had been sent away to fight in the battle of Sekigahara, leaving the garrison's strength at 2800 men.
Japanese: 城の兵力の大半は関ヶ原の戦いに出陣しており、守備兵力は2800人であった。
English: Despite the fact that the lord of the castle was absent, the garrison fought very spiritedly and prevented the enemy from drawing close, but soon after one portion of the garrison betrayed their comrades, switched sides and guided the attackers into the castle, rendering vain all the hard fighting and making surrender inevitable.
Japanese: 城主不在にもかかわらず城兵は健闘し敵を寄せ付けなかったが、やがて城内で一部の兵が裏切り敵を手引きしたため奮戦空しく落城。
English: The story goes that the soldiers in the Tokugawa army, thinking 'Since Mitsunari possessed such luxury, surely the castle will be completely full of wondrous splendors,' each scrambled to be the first to break into the castle, but they discovered the castle had plain, unadorned walls, and was in fact a very spartan building without any decorations at all.
Japanese: 徳川方の兵士は「栄華を極めた三成はさぞ華美を尽くしたのだろう」と思い、我先にと城内に乱入したが、城の壁は粗壁であり、また何の装飾もない質素な作りとなっていたという。
English: Indeed, it is said (in the "Kasshi yawa" (Evening Talks of the Kasshi-cycle Year)) that the only thing of note in Mitsunari's mansion was a letter of thanks sent to Mitsunari from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: しかも、三成邸にあったものは豊臣秀吉から送られた感謝状のみであったと伝わっている（『甲子夜話』）。
English: After the annihilation of the Ishida clan, Naomasa II, one of the Four Heavenly Guardians of the Tokugawa clan, was sent to clamp down on the area, and occupied the castle.
Japanese: 石田氏滅亡の後、徳川四天王の一人である井伊直政がこの地に封ぜられ入城した。
English: Mitsunari had exercised benevolent government throughout his territory, making the people on his lands dearly miss him, so Naomasa planned to build a new castle at Hikone in order to sweep away all memory of Mitsunari.
Japanese: 三成は領地で善政を敷いており、領民からも大変慕われていたので、直政はその威光を払拭するため新たに彦根城築城を計画した。
English: But Naomasa died in 1602 before construction had even begun, and so his heir Naokatsu II took over the construction plans, recycling many of the building materials used in Sawayama-jo Castle in order to complete construction of Hikone-jo Castle.
Japanese: しかし、直政は築城に着手できないまま1602年（慶長7年）に死去したため、嫡子の井伊直勝がその計画を継ぎ、佐和山城などの築材を利用して建造した彦根城が完成した。
English: After Naokatsu moved his seat of power to Hikone-jo Castle in 1606, Sawayama-jo Castle was abandoned.
Japanese: 1606年（慶長11年）に直継が彦根城に移ったため、佐和山城は廃城となった。
English: Because virtually all of the materials that had originally been used to construct Sawayama-jo Castle were removed and reused in the construction of Hikone-jo Castle, almost no trace of Sawayama-jo Castle remains today, though portions of its old wall and earthen embankments can still be seen.
Japanese: ほとんどの建造物は彦根城に移築したり破却されたため城跡には残っていないが、石垣と土塁の一部などが現在も残っている。
English: For a limited time only, from September 1-16, 2007, as one of the events celebrating the 400th anniversary of Hikone-jo Castle's construction, a project restoring Sawayama-jo Castle to its old appearance was held.
Japanese: 彦根城築城400年祭のイベントとして2007年9月1日～16日までの期間限定で佐和山一夜城復元プロジェクトが開催された。
English: He took command of gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) in Kyoto and engaged in guarding and judging activities in Kyoto as well as performing a liaison function between the Imperial Court and the bakufu.
Japanese: 最初は上洛時に、北条時政が任命され京都の御家人を統率、洛中の警護・裁判を行い、朝廷と幕府の間の連絡の任に当たっていた。