nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Gujarati (a generic term referring to the people who speak Gujarati and who are from the area of the state of Gujarat) celebrate their new year for two days which follow Diwali in Hindi (a Hindu holiday in the middle of November).
Japanese: グジャラート人（グジャラート語を話す、グジャラート州地域出身の人々の包括的用語）は、ディワリ（ヒンズーの祝日、11月中旬）に続く2日間が正月。
English: The new year, Hola Mohalla in the local language, in the Nanakshahi calendar of the Sikh is March 14th.
Japanese: シク教Nanakshahi暦の新年,HolaMohallaは3月14日。
English: In Bali Island, 1st of Kadasa in the local language (October in Saka calendar) which falls on the next day of the new moon around the vernal equinox is Nyepi in the local language.
Japanese: バリ島では、春分前後の新月の翌日にあたるKadasa（サカ暦10月）1日がニュピ(Nyepi)である。
English: On Nyepi, it is prohibited to go out, use fire (electricity), yell, and work, and people have to stay in silence.
Japanese: ニュピには外出、火（電気）の使用、大声を出すこと、労働などが禁じられ、静寂の中で過ごす。
English: The new year in the state of Punjab in India is the 1st of the first month of Nanakshahi calendar (the solar calendar) and this falls on April 13th of the Gregorian calendar and on April 14th once in 36 years.
Japanese: インド、パンジャブの正月は、Nanakshahi暦（太陽暦）の初月初日で、グレゴリオ4月13日、36年に1度4月14日になる。
English: In Iran, there is a custom called haft sīn to celebrate the new year with seven items whose names all start with س, including apple (sīb), garlic (sīr), and vinegar (serke).
Japanese: ハフト・スィーンhaftsīnと呼ばれる、リンゴ（sīb）、ニンニク（sīr）、酢（serke）など単語の頭文字がسではじまる物を7つ揃えて祝う習慣などがある。
English: In the central Asian countries, people celebrate Nowrūz on the vernal equinox, although Nowrūz is not considered the new year.
Japanese: 中央アジア諸国でも正月とはされていないものの、春分のノウルーズは祝われる。
English: In the Islamic calendar, the new year is the 1st of the month of Muharam (January of the Islamic calendar) and, because the Islamic calendar includes 12 lunar months and 354 days, the number of days in the Islamic calendar differs from that in the Gregorian calendar by 11.
Japanese: イスラム暦では、ムハッラム月（イスラム暦1月）1日が正月、イスラム暦は12太陰月、354日なので、グレゴリオ暦と11日違う。
English: In ancient Rome, one year included 10 months; March was the first month and March 1st was New Year's Day (the first day of the new year).
Japanese: 古代ローマでは1年は10ヶ月でMarchが初月、1Marchが正月（新年初日）であった。
English: In B.C. 45, Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar (which had no intercalary year) and, similar to the Gregorian calendar, January 1st became New Year's Day (the first day of the new year).
Japanese: 紀元前45年、ユリウス・カエサルがユリウス暦（閏年が無い）を導入、1Januaryがグレゴリオ暦同様、正月（新年初日）になった。
English: The Christmas-style calendar had its new year on its December 25th, was used until the 13th Century in Germany and England, and was introduced into Spain in the 14th to 16th Centuries.
Japanese: クリスマス様式の暦では、12月25日が正月で、ドイツとイングランドで13世紀迄使われており、スペインでは14世紀～16世紀に導入された。
English: A calendar which had its new year on the Annunciation (March 25th) was introduced in 525 by a monk Dionusius Exigus who was born in Dobruja in Rumania, and this calendar was used in many areas in medieval Europe.
Japanese: 受胎告知（3月25日）を新年とする暦は、ルーマニア,Dobruja生まれの僧侶、ディオニュシウス・エクシグウスにより西暦525年に導入され、中世ヨーロッパの多くの地域で用いられていた。
English: In the Kingdom of Great Britain, the above calendar was used until January 1st, 1752 (except Scotland, which employed a Circumcision-style calendar on January 1st, 1600 which had its new year on January 1st).
Japanese: グレートブリテン王国では、1752年1月1日まで採用されていた（スコットランドを除く、スコットランドは1600年1月1日に、割礼祭様式の暦（1Januaryを正月とする）を用いていた）。
English: Later on, Great Britain changed its calendar from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar while, even today, the taxation year has its new year's day on April 6th (which is March 25th plus 12 days, of which 11 days are the difference generated by the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar and one more day is an intercalary day of the year 1900.)
Japanese: 後にイギリスはユリウス暦からグレゴリオ暦となるが、現在でもイギリスの税制年度は4月6日（3月25日＋12日；11日はユリウス暦から、グレゴリオ暦への差日分、＋1日は1900年の閏日）を新年としている。
English: A calendar which had its new year's day on its Easter that fell on a Saturday (or a holy Friday), was used in France in the 11th to the 16th Centuries, and Easter is a movable holiday and its same date comes every two years.
Japanese: イースターの土曜日（又は聖金曜日）を正月とする暦は、フランスで11世紀～16世紀に使われていた　イースターは移動祝日で、同じ日付は隔年ごとに来る。
English: A calendar which had its new year's day on March 1st of the ancient Roman calendar was used until 1797 in the Republic of Venezia and from 988 to the end of the 15th Century in Russia and, in Russia, September 1st was new year's day from the end of the 15th Century to the introduction of the western calendar in 1700 (in Russia, before this introduction, the years had been counted from the mythic creation of the world).
Japanese: 古代のローマ暦の1Marchを正月とする暦は、ヴェネツィア共和国で1797年まで、ロシアで988年～15世紀の終わりまで用いられていた、ロシアでは15世紀の終わりから1700年の西暦導入まで、9月1日が正月だった（ロシアではそれ以前、神話的世界の創造から年を数えていた）。
English: According to the French Republic calendar (which was used from 1793 to 1805), the autumnal equinox (which was usually September 22nd) was new year's day (the first day of the new year).
Japanese: フランス共和暦（1793年～1805年まで用いられた）では、秋分（通常9月22日）を正月（新年初日）とした。
English: Shogatsu in Japan is, in China, 'zheng-yue-chu-yi' (the first day of January) or 'da-nian-chu-yi' (the first day of a large year) in Chinese, that is so-called chun-jie in Chinese.
Japanese: 日本での正月は中国では「正月初一」または「大年初一」いわゆる春節である。
English: January 1st (in the old calendar) {which is around the start of spring in the calendar and which is around February in the Gregorian calendar (the new calendar)} according to the old calendar (in Japan, the Tempo calendar) is called kyu-shogatsu (old new year).
Japanese: 旧暦（日本では天保暦）の1月1日(旧暦)｛立春前後、グレゴリオ暦（新暦）での2月頃｝は旧正月と呼ばれる。
English: In countries such as the People's Republic of China, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam, the old new year is more important than the new year of the new calendar and the new year's gift money is presented on this day.
Japanese: 中華人民共和国、大韓民国、台湾、ベトナムなどでは、新暦の正月よりも旧正月の方が重視され、お年玉もこの日に渡される。
English: The new year's day is called in Chinese 'chun-jie' (spring festival', 'guo-nian' (passing of a year), and 'nong-li-xin-nian' (the new year's day of the agricultural calendar) in mainland China, and is called 'teto' in Vietnamese in Vietnam.
Japanese: 中国では「春節」、「過年」、「農暦新年」といい、ベトナムでは「テト」といわれる。
English: January (the old calendar) of the old calendar is called 'shogatsu' (in the old calendar, 'shogatsu' is the formal name and 'ichi-gatsu' [meaning January] is another name), and the kyu-shogatsu (the old new year's day) is also called 'shotan'.
Japanese: また、旧暦1月(旧暦)のことを「正月」と呼び（旧暦では「正月」が正式名、「1月」が異名である）、旧正月を「正旦」ともいう。
English: In Japan, people celebrate kyu-shogatsu in some areas such as Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 日本でも沖縄県や鹿児島県の奄美諸島などの一部地域では旧正月を祝う地方がある。
English: Shogatsu is also said to be a milepost for the trip to the other world (this is otherwise kadomatsu [a decoration for the new year made of pine branches, etc.] is a milestone for the trip to the other world) and both of the sayings have the following phrase as their latter half: it should be celebrated and should not be.
Japanese: 正月は冥土の旅の一里塚（門松は冥土の旅の一里塚ともいい、「めでたくもあり、めでたくもなし」と続く。
English: Before the war, they mainly performed at the yose (storyteller theater) and, also made a group to perform on the road.
Japanese: 戦前は、寄席がおもな活動の拠点で、グループを組んで地方公演も行っていた。
English: After the war, however, they often acted as a host of a TV or radio program as well as being a radio personality as a sideline, taking advantage of their verbal skills.
Japanese: が、戦後はその話術を生かしテレビ番組やラジオ番組の司会、ラジオパーソナリティなどの副業をすることも多い。
English: Hanashika' (a story teller) is an old expression for a rakugoka.
Japanese: 「話家」「噺家」「咄家」（はなしか）は、「落語家」の古い表現である。
English: Therefore, the expression 'rakugoka' technically fits only description 1, and 'hanashika' is a more appropriate name describing both 1 and 2.
Japanese: このため、「落語家」という表現は、厳密には1.のみを語る者ということになり、1.2.両方語る場合「噺家」の方が適切な呼称である。
English: However, some insist that some stories belonging to description 1 are considered to be stories with a moving end, so 'rakugoka' is currently fixed.
Japanese: が、1.に属する一部の噺も人情噺として捉える主張の存在もあり、現在は「落語家」で定着している。
English: This classification currently exists only in Tokyo, and the ranks don't exist in Kamigata (the Kyoto and Osaka area) nor in Nagoya.
Japanese: この区分けがあるのは、現在では東京だけであり、上方と名古屋ではこれらの身分は存在しない。
English: After initiation, they receive a zenza name, register as a zenza, and are called 'minarai' until they enter backstage as a zenza.
Japanese: 入門したあと、前座名（名前）を師匠から貰い、前座登録をして、前座として楽屋入りするまでは「見習い」と呼ぶ。
English: Although this did not originally exist as an official ranking system, there are too many zenza, so they are put on stand by to receive it.
Japanese: 正規の身分制度にはもともと存在しないが、前座の数が多いのでそれまでの待機をする。
English: Though some lived in the master's residence and took care of him before, more people live out now.
Japanese: 昔は師匠宅に住み込みで身の回りの世話をすることもあったが、現在は通いの方が多い。
English: They are expected to work at the yose, the storyteller theater (zenza training) as well as doing the housework and chores at the master's residence mentioned above.
Japanese: 前述の、師匠宅の家事・雑用の他に、寄席での仕事（前座修行）が課せられる。
English: They perform odd jobs both backstage and at the yose everyday, such as doing the drum signalling at the beginning of a performance, musical instruments, carrying mekuri (title board) in and out, preparing and collecting tools for iromono (various entertainment in the storytellers' theater other than story telling), setting up a microphone, serving tea and managing kimono.
Japanese: 寄席での、呼び込み太鼓・鳴り物・めくりの出し入れ・色物の道具の用意と回収・マイクのセッティング・茶汲み・着物の管理など楽屋、寄席共に毎日雑用をこなす。
English: (In the Kamigata area, this work (except for the drum and musical instruments) are done by employees of yose called 'ochako.'
Japanese: （上方では、これらの仕事（のうち太鼓・鳴物以外）は「お茶子」と呼ばれる寄席従業員によって行われる。
English: Since they have no opportunity to use money as mentioned above, the smart ones can even save money from their allowances and tips.
Japanese: 前述のとおり、お金を使う機会がないので、目先の利く者であれば、小遣いやご祝儀を原資に貯金すら出来てしまう。
English: It is agonizing that the amount of the allowance a zenza gets is bigger than that of the performing fee (wari) as a professional rakugoka.
Japanese: 非常に悩ましいのは、前座がもらえる小遣いの額のほうが、プロの落語家としての出演料（割(寄席)）の額より高いということだ。
English: Additionally, though a zenza works constantly, the number of futatsume's working at the koza (stage) is very limited at least at the joseki (rakugo theaters that open every day).
Japanese: 加えて、前座はコンスタントに仕事があるが、二つ目の高座の仕事数は少なくとも定席では非常に限られる。
English: So, when a zenza is promoted to a futatsume, he has much less income (unless he gets quite a lot of work).
Japanese: 要するに、前座から二つ目に昇進すると、（余程仕事をとってこない限り）収入がかなり減ってしまう。
English: Enkyo TACHIBANAYA (the fourth), known as the best master, was once promoted to futatsume, but he descended to zenza voluntarily to earn money to support his parents (Kazuo SEKIYAMA "Rakugo Meijinden" [Rakugo Masters]).
Japanese: 最高の名人として知られる橘家圓喬(4代目)は一旦二つ目に昇進したが、親を養う金を稼ぐために、自ら前座に降格した（関山和夫『落語名人伝』）。
English: A rakugoka who 'could get promoted to futatsume, but chooses to remain a zenza,' as seen above, is called hetari.
Japanese: このように、「二つ目に昇進できるのにあえて前座に止まる」落語家をへたりという。
English: (A famous rakugoka entered the backstage right after he fell, took a glance at Enpuku who was dying, and said an unbelievable thing, 'You ain't dead yet.')
Japanese: （倒れた直後、楽屋に某大看板落語家が入ってきて、死につつある圓福を一瞥し、「まだ死なねェのか」と信じられないことを言った）
English: The major hetari included Kosan MIMASUYA (Ebisubashi Shochiku Theater), Unosuke KATSURA (Sennichi-gekijo Theater and old Umeda Kagetsu Theater), Buncho KATSURA (Sennichi-gekijo Theater), Danji KATSURA (Dotonbori Kado-za Theater), Tsubame TACHIBANAYA (Kobe Shochiku-za Theater) and Monzaburo MIMASUYA (New Kagetsu Theater).
Japanese: 主なへたりには三升家小さん（戎橋松竹）・桂右之助（千日劇場・旧うめだ花月）・桂文蝶（千日劇場）・桂團治（道頓堀角座）・橘家つばめ（神戸松竹座）・三升家紋三郎（新花月）等がいた。
English: After Japanese society became affluent, a zenza could automatically be promoted to futatsume when some years passed (currently three to five years in general).
Japanese: 日本社会全体が裕福になった後は、前座になってある程度の年数（現在は3～5年が一般的）が経つと、二つ目にほぼ自動的に昇進するようになった。
English: Tatezenza does not have to labor basically, and he only has to give directions on work to other (lower) zenza.
Japanese: 立前座は基本的に労働しなくてよく、仕事を他の（下の）前座に指図するだけである。
English: Though the form listed in dictionaries is '二つ目,' lately it is mostly described as '二ツ目.'
Japanese: 辞書に掲載されている形では「二つ目」だが、最近では「二ツ目」と表記されている事が多い。
English: Its description has no particular rule, and some people write as '二っ目' or '二ッ目' with small kana (the Japanese syllabary).
Japanese: この表記については特に決まりが無く、人によっては「二っ目」や「二ッ目」と仮名を小さく書く場合もある。
English: Holding rakugokai (rakugo show) on his own, or performing at other rakugokai (not related to his master).
Japanese: 自分で落語会を開催したり、（師匠とのつながりのない）他の落語会に出演させてもらうこと。
English: However, the opportunity to perform at the joseki is very limited, so they basically have to find work by themselves.
Japanese: しかし、定席への出演機会は大変限られているので、仕事は基本的に自分で探してこなければならなくなる。
English: Since they have no chores required when they were zenza and have no allowance, it is said that they are economically disadvantaged.
Japanese: 前座でやってきた雑用が全く無くなった分、その小遣いがもらえる訳でもなく、経済的には苦しいと言われる。
English: Lately, quite a lot of them have a part-time job not related to entertainment (such as physical labor or a clerk who serves customers in the exact way the manual says).
Japanese: 最近では、芸事と関係ない（肉体労働や、マニュアル通りに接客する店員などの）アルバイトなどをするものも少なくない。
English: He comes to work at the yose as a substitute, and he can perform on the stage when a vacancy for an absent rakugoka is not filled.
Japanese: これは、代演要員として寄席に出勤するというもので、抜いた落語家の穴が埋まらない時に高座に上がれる。
English: There are also hetare (rakugoka who only come to work at the yose to play musical instruments), which is not clear.
Japanese: また、へたれ（鳴物を演奏するためにだけ寄席に出勤する落語家）もいると思われるが、定かではない。
English: They are put out (utsu) after the rakugoka takes the last turn and finishes performing.
Japanese: それを打つ＝消すのは最後に上がる出番の落語家が演じ終わってからである。
English: As the name shows, they are qualified to be chief (tori) at the yose, and were given the title 'Shisho' (master).
Japanese: その名の通り寄席で主任（とり）を務めることができる資格が与えられるほか、敬称が「師匠」となる。
English: When promoted to shinuchi, a special show is held, and the new shinuchi himself becomes the lead in the play.
Japanese: 真打昇進の際には、特別の興行となり、新真打本人がその芝居の主任となる。
English: He treats fancy box lunches to other performers during the show, and after the show ends, a party starts, which the shinuchi himself pays all cost.
Japanese: 興行中に他の出演者に高級弁当を振る舞い、終演したら真打本人が全経費を払う飲み会が始まる。
English: Since the mid 1980s, shinuchi have held more than half of the storytellers belonging to the Rakugo Kyokai Association and Rakugo Art Association, so some people say that it has lost substance as a system.
Japanese: 1980年代半ば頃から落語協会、落語芸術協会共に所属する噺家の半数以上を真打が占めるようになり、制度としては形骸化しているとの意見もある。
English: The order of promotion of shinuchi, or how fast one becomes promoted to shinuchi, is the factor to determine the koban of shinuchi.
Japanese: 真打昇進の順番、すなわち真打昇進の早い遅いによって、真打達の香盤が決定される。
English: After promotion of shinuchi, from middle age to old age, the order is not changed even if the popularity or skill changes.
Japanese: 真打昇進以降、中年から老年にかけて、人気、実力が変動することがあっても、順位は入れ替わらない。
English: Some people say that the koban has a role as a security treaty to avoid conflicts between families.
Japanese: 香盤が一門同士の対立を避けるための安全保障条約を果たしているという意見もある。
English: This results from the incident, in 1978, was that Ensho SANYUTEI (the sixth) submitted motions against replacement of the permanent board members of the time, Enka SANYUTEI, Kinba SANYUTEI (the fourth) and Ryucho SHUNPUTEI, and large numbers of shinuchi at the board meeting of the Rakugo Kyokai Association, ended up being rejected.
Japanese: 1978年、三遊亭圓生(6代目)が落語協会理事会において当時常任理事三遊亭圓歌・三遊亭金馬(4代目)・春風亭柳朝の更迭、大量真打の反対の動議を提出し結果棄却された事に起因している。
English: But in 1983 it is said that this results from an incident where the mainstream of the Rakugo Kyokai Association and the Danshi family came into conflict over promotion examinations.
Japanese: が、1983年、昇進試験をめぐり落語協会主流派と談志一門が対立した事が理由とされる。
English: It is said that this incident proved that reform by the examination system has never satisfied the whole industry.
Japanese: この事件は試験制度による改革も決して業界全体を満足させるものではない事を証明したとされる。
English: In the Kamigata area, although koban exists internally (only shinuchi was announced just once), currently it is not disclosed outside at all.
Japanese: 上方では、香盤は内部で存在している（かつて真打のみ一回だけ公表もされた）ものの、現在では外部には一切非公開となっている。
English: It is not clear if it is the same system as in Tokyo (the order of storytellers with no equal).
Japanese: 東京と同じシステム（噺家の順位であり、同格は存在しない）かどうかもわからない。
English: The internal ranking of storytellers (the level of membership fee, for example) is decided by another standard (seniority).
Japanese: 内部の噺家ランク（例えば協会費のランク）も他の基準（年功序列）で決定している。
English: It is our audience who decides if a rakugoka deserves shinuchi (and it is wrong that the rakugoka thrusts shinuchi at the audience while depending on the shinuchi system.'
Japanese: 「真打にふさわしいかどうかはお客様が決めること（であり、真打制度に胡坐をかいて落語家サイドが真打を客に押し売りするのはおかしい）」。
English: When Tenma Tenjin Hanjotei Theater, a joseki, was established, restoration of the shinuchi system was discussed, which was deferred.
Japanese: 定席天満天神繁昌亭開設時に、真打制度復活が論議されたが見送られている。
English: The reason for not introducing the shinuchi system was it would reduce the typical free atmosphere in the Kamigata rakugo.
Japanese: 上方落語ならではの自由な気風を損ねるというのが、真打制度非導入の理由であった。
English: Issues of shinuchi and koban are very sensitive issues in Tokyo as well, which immediately triggered the division of the association.
Japanese: 真打・香盤問題は東京でも非常にセンシティブな問題で、協会分裂の直接の引き金になっている。
English: In the Kamigata Rakugo Association, even a big-shot rakugoka resigned because of more sensitive reasons (almost a quarrel).
Japanese: 上方落語協会ではもっとナイーブな理由（殆ど口喧嘩）で大物が脱退したことすらある。
English: It is fully understandable that maintaining the status quo is better than forcibly introducing a confusing issue (shinuchi).
Japanese: ややこしい問題（真打）を無理に導入するよりも、現状を維持するほうがいいというのは十分理解できる。
English: (In Tokyo, it is said that an executive used to patronize a rakugoka, take care of him by 'making him shinuchi,' and kept him under his control for the rest of his life.)
Japanese: (東京では、幹部が子飼いの落語家を「真打にしてやる」ことで恩を売り、一生頭が上がらないようにするということもかつてはあったらしい。)
English: The koban system and shinuchi system are not perfectly based on ability, so another reason is that it is difficult to handle "one who has become suddenly popular" or "one who has been popular since his young days."
Japanese: 香盤制度・真打制度は完全な実力主義でもないので、“急激に売れた人”“若い時から売れっ子になった人”に対する処遇が難しいというのも理由の一つである。
English: (These rakugoka should be definitely promoted in business, but it will be quite difficult if the koban exists.)
Japanese: （もちろんこのような落語家は興行的にプッシュすべきであるが、香盤が存在すると中々難しくなる。）
English: The shinuchi system links the promotion of shinuchi to the show, but the Kamigata Rakugo Association (Hanjotei) gives a 'prize' (not related to koban) to rakugoka, linked with the show.
Japanese: 真打制度は真打昇進と興行をリンクさせるが、上方落語協会（繁昌亭）は（香盤と関係なく）「賞」を落語家に受賞させそれと興行をリンクしている。
English: Though the election is official, in reality they are mostly determined through discussion before the election.
Japanese: ただし選挙は表向きの場合で、実際には選挙の前の話し合いで決まることが多い。
English: As well as the students belonging to the Rakugo Society (group activity) of their university, amateur rakugoka have existed for years, called 'Tenguren.'
Japanese: 大学の落語研究会(サークル活動)に所属する学生などのほかにもアマチュアの落語家が昔から存在し、これらの人々は「天狗連」と呼ばれる。
English: Besides, there exist working people's activity groups including the Kennan Rakugo Union in Oita Prefecture, which mainly have original activities based on local Rakugo.
Japanese: その他にも、地方で落語をベースにした独自の活動を主体にしている、大分県の県南落語組合などのような社会人活動グループなどもある。
English: They are not so-called Tenguren, but those who have trained as professionals, and are limited to living persons.
Japanese: いわゆる天狗連でなく、プロとしての修行を積んだ者、かつ生存者に限定する。
English: However, entertainers who have already become famous and perform rakugo as a sideline or sideshow (Shinji MORISUE, Morio KAZAMA, Hosei YAMASAKI, Tomochika, Terihei HAYASHIYA, Anna OGINO, Diane Kichijitsu (street performer/lecturer in English), etc. in recent years) are excluded.
Japanese: 但し、既に名を成した芸能人等が副業、余興として落語もやる場合（最近では、森末慎二、風間杜夫、山崎邦正、友近、林家テリ平、荻野アンナ、ダイアン吉日（大道芸人・英語講師）等）は除く。
English: The old Shijaku KATSURA family (Nanko KATSURA (the third) and his disciples) * Some of them have gone back at the end of 2008.
Japanese: 旧桂枝雀一門（桂南光(3代目)以下の弟子たち）※一部2008年暮に復帰
English: Koyone KATSURA, Sencho KATSURA and Sosuke KATSURA from the Beicho KATSURA (the third) family (Beicho himself and other disciples belong to the association)
Japanese: 桂米朝(3代目)一門のうち桂小米・桂千朝・桂宗助（米朝本人や他の弟子は協会加入）
English: (His books, ISBN 978-4893086396 and ISBN 978-4862480217, mention why they were expelled in minute detail).
Japanese: （本人の著書ISBN978-4893086396とISBN978-4862480217になぜ除名されたかが事細かに書かれている。)
English: (Refer to "Hanashika Nedoi" [Interview with storytellers] ISBN 978-4779112973 by Masahito TAKIGUCHI [Office Bonga].)
Japanese: (瀧口雅仁（オフィスぼんが）『噺家根問』ISBN978-4779112973参照。)
English: (He resigned Kamigata Rakugo and worked for a health center as an employee, but he performed somehow, for example on the stage there.)
Japanese: (上方落語から身を引いてヘルスセンターに社員として勤務していたが、その舞台に自ら上がるなど、何かしら芸はしていた。)
English: (Refer to "Hanashika Nedoi" (Interview with storytellers) ISBN 978-4779112973 by Masahito TAKIGUCHI (Office Bonga.)
Japanese: (瀧口雅仁（オフィスぼんが）『噺家根問』ISBN978-4779112973参照）
English: Among the deceased, Kingoro YANAGIYA and Kinba SANYUTEI (the third) can be cited as the major independent rakugoka.
Japanese: 物故者のなかで、無所属の落語家の筆頭格は柳家金語楼・三遊亭金馬(3代目)といったところ。
English: Although unstated, it is likely that there are actually many who have retired to the country.
Japanese: 公表していないが実際には地方に引っこんでいる例は多いものと思われる。
English: Kasho SANYUTEI the fourth has already gone back to Tokyo, and electrifyingly performed on the stage of Kuromontei.
Japanese: また三遊亭歌笑4代目はすでに帰京し、黒門亭の高座に電撃的に上がった。
English: Shoko SHOFUKUTEI was an announcer in Singapore, when she became a disciple of Kakusho SHOFUKUTEI after she saw and was moved by his stage performance.
Japanese: 笑福亭笑子はシンガポールでアナウンサーをしていたところ笑福亭鶴笑の高座を見て感動し弟子入りする。
English: Now she's back to Japan with her master to have the activity at Tenma Tenjin Hanjotei theater as their base, and performs mainly in Osaka.
Japanese: 現在は天満天神繁昌亭活動を拠点にするため師匠とともに帰国し大阪中心に活動中。
English: These two above, and Yoraku mentioned in the previous section are strangely the disciples of an Ensho the sixth's disciple, and belong to the same generation and have the same length of career.
Japanese: 上記2人と前項の洋楽は奇しくも6代目圓生の孫弟子、年代とキャリアも同世代。
English: The most famous one who used to be in politics is Danshi TATEKAWA (The only Diet member in the rakugo world).
Japanese: かつて政治をやっていたのは、何といっても立川談志（落語界唯一の国会議員）。
English: Though Sanshi and his disciple Black, and Enraku were said to run in the election, they actually didn't.
Japanese: 三枝・ブラック師弟と圓楽は、出馬の噂はあったが実際には出馬しなかった。
English: He was respected as the father of the restoration since he devoted himself to modernization of rakugo such as rakugo hikki (taking notes of comic storytelling), modernization of the yose and new and original rakugo stories.
Japanese: 落語筆記や寄席の近代化、新作落語など、落語の近代化に尽くしたため、中興の祖として仰がれる。
English: His representative stories include "Botan Doro" (A Tale of the Peony Lamp), "Shibahama" (Dream of a Leather Wallet), "Shinkei Kasanegafuchi" (The Spine-Chiller in Kasanegafuchi) and "Chibusa Enoki" (The Vendetta under a Nursing Hackberry Tree).
Japanese: 『牡丹燈籠（ぼたんどうろう）』、『芝浜』、『真景累が淵（しんけいかさねがふち）』、『乳房榎（ちぶさえのき）』などが代表作である。
English: At first he performed kodan as well as rakugo, but he did not gain popularity at all, and his destitute life continued.
Japanese: 当初は落語だけでなく講談もやっていたが、一向に芽が出ず、赤貧生活が続いた。
English: During the war, he went on a tour in Manchuria with Ensho SANYUTEI (the sixth) because he heard that he could drink as much as he wanted, and he disappeared there.
Japanese: 戦争中、酒がたらふく飲めると聞いて三遊亭圓生_(6代目)と共に満州巡業に出かけ、そのまま行方不明。
English: After the war, when he came back, his dissolute and spontaneous performance style became popular, and he became a popular story teller.
Japanese: 戦後、引揚げてからはその自堕落で天衣無縫な芸風が人気を博し、流行噺家に。
English: Ensho described that 'I could beat him in the training hall, but he would kill me when fighting with real swords.'
Japanese: 圓生をして「道場なら勝てるが、真剣で立会ったら私が斬られる」と言わしめた。
English: His oldest son is Basho KINGENTEI (the tenth), his second son is Shincho KOKONTEI, and his granddaughter is an actress Shino IKENAMI.
Japanese: 長男は金原亭馬生(10代目)、次男は古今亭志ん朝、孫は女優池波志乃。