nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Most treasures in the Nara Shosoin Treasure House, which were originally treasures of the Kyushu dynasty, and were contributed by the Shosoin Treasure House in Chikugo Province, Kyushu in 738.
Japanese: 奈良正倉院の宝物の殆どは天平10年（738年）に九州筑後の正倉院から献上されたものであり、元は九州王朝の宝物である。
English: A temple in Chikushi Province (either of Kanzeon-ji Temple in Dazai-fu miyakonojo, Nanba Tenno-ji temple in Nanba pond, Fukuoka City or Hoko-ji temple in Chikugo Province) was relocated and rebuilt as Horyu-ji Temple Saiin Garan (the Western Precinct).
Japanese: 法隆寺西院伽藍は筑紫の寺院（大宰府都城の観世音寺又は福岡市難波池の難波天王寺又は筑後国放光寺）が移築されたものである。
English: In ancient times, when an important incident such as Dokyo Incident in which Wake no Kiyomaro went to receive an oracle of Usa-jingu Shrine, or the enthronement of an emperor, Imperial envoys were always dispatched to Usa-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 道鏡事件で和気清麻呂が宇佐神宮の神託を訊きに行く等、古代において国家の大事や天皇の即位時には宇佐神宮へ勅使が必ず遣わされた。
English: `KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro' or `Nukata no Okimi,' who are famous poets of the "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and are unidentified are persons related to the Kyushu dynasty.
Japanese: 『万葉集』の代表的歌人でありながら正体不明な「柿本人麻呂（かきのもとのひとまろ）」や「額田王（ぬかたのおおきみ）」等は九州王朝縁の人物である。
English: YAMANOUE no Okura was also an official of the Kyushu dynasty, but later served the Yamato kingship.
Japanese: また山上憶良等も元は九州王朝の役人であったものがヤマト王権に仕えたものである。
English: When the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) was established and a bureaucratic organization was organized in 701 after the construction of the capital (Fujiara-kyo), where administration resided by Yamato kingship in 694, many officials from the officials of the Kyushu dynasty were re-employed for required positions.
Japanese: ヤマト王権は694年に行政が常駐する都（藤原京）を建設し、701年に大宝律令を制定して官僚組織を整備しているが、これに必要とされた多くの人材は、滅亡した九州王朝の官僚を再雇用したものである。
English: A group of the bureaucracy, which suddenly appeared in Kinai, Yamato was brought from Dazai-fu (Wakyo) in Kyushu.
Japanese: 7世紀末に突如として畿内大和に出現した官僚集団は、九州の大宰府（倭京）から連れて来られたものである。
English: Yamato kingship secured the necessary officials for their administration by taking over the bureaucratic organization of the Kyushu dynasty.
Japanese: ヤマト王権は九州王朝の官僚機構を引き継ぐことにより、政権に必要な人材を確保することができたのである。
English: The reason why the Yamato kingship used lower-ranking officials, who were in an intellectual class and were elites, in the same manner as they use slaves came from this.
Japanese: また、知識階級でありエリートであるはずの下級官僚に対するヤマト王権の奴隷的な扱いはこの為である。
English: In the autumn of 2004, Northwest University in Xian City, Sensei province, China discovered the epitaph of `Manari INO,' a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China in Xian City.
Japanese: 2004年秋に中華人民共和国陝西省西安市の西北大学が西安市内から日本人遣唐使「井真成」の墓誌を発見した。
English: `Manari INO' was posthumously granted the rank of `Shoihogyo' (responsible official of the Department in charge of dealing with clothes for emperor, Shoikyoku) by an emperor.
Japanese: この「井真成」は死後に皇帝から「尚衣奉御」（尚衣局の責任者）の位を授けられている。
English: The families of successive emperors worked at `Shoikyoku' (Department in charge of dealing with clothes for emperor), and the family name, `I' (井) and `Ino' (井野), which derived from `I' (井), were often seen in Ubuyama-mura Village, Minamioguni-machi, and Ichinomiya-machi of Kumamoto Prefecture today, and `I' (井) is associated with `I' (倭).
Japanese: 「尚衣奉御」が歴代皇帝の親族がその任に当たっていたことや、現在「井」及び「井」という氏から派生した「井野」という姓は九州熊本県の産山村・南小国町・一の宮町などに多く存在すること、また井は倭（ゐ）に通じる。
English: (In Omi, the reason for capital relocation is unknown, and seta contained in the name of Setanokarahashi Bridge comes from Seta station [Kumamoto Prefecture]).
Japanese: （近江では遷都の理由が不明である。瀬田の唐橋の瀬田は、瀬田駅(熊本県)）
English: "Manyoshu" (Japan's oldest anthology of poems) doesn't' contain the poems created by people from Kyushu, Sanin Sanyo, Shikoku because they wanted to keep the fact of the seizure of power a secret.
Japanese: 『萬葉集』に、九州・山陰山陽・四国の人の歌が無いのは、皇権簒奪の事実を隠すためである。
English: A number of shrines originating in Kyushu such as; Sumiyoshi-jinja Shrine or Hachiman-jinja Shrine located throughout Japan because Yamato kingship took over and spread religious belief of the Kyushu dynasty.
Japanese: 住吉神社、八幡神社など九州を始原とする神社が日本全国に多く分布するのは、九州王朝の信仰をヤマト王権が引き継ぎ広まったものである。
English: In the engi (writing about the history) of temples and shrines throughout Japan and local reports or history books, shinengo (itsunengo [era name really existed and taken out of official history], eras other than the era names set forth by the imperial court) often appears.
Japanese: 日本各地の寺社の縁起や地方の地誌・歴史書等には私年号（逸年号。朝廷が定めた元号以外の年号。）が多数散見される。
English: Shigenobu TSURUMI researched the Kyushu era against Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) era in his book, "Tsurumi Shigenobu Sonokunigisenko" which states that Yamatai-koku kingdom corresponds to Kumaso (he also advocates that the five kings of Wa corresponded to the kings of kumaso).
Japanese: 九州年号は鶴峰戊申が、邪馬台国＝熊襲説（倭の五王も熊襲の王とする）を述べた著書『鶴峰戊申襲国偽僣考』のなかで、それらを熊襲の年号として考証したものである。
English: According to Kyushu dynasty theory, these eras (over 500 eras were confirmed throughout Japan) are regarded as the `Kyushu era' which the Kyushu dynasty used.
Japanese: 九州王朝説ではこれらの年号（各地で現在500以上確認）を九州王朝が使用した「九州年号」であるとする。
English: In Kyushu dynasty theory, gengo (era name) was certainly established in that various countries of Korean Peninsula such as Silla established the original gengo, and it is hard to think that Wa who recognized themselves as the leader of the peninsula didn't establish their original gengo, and that `AME no Tarishihoko' referred to himself as `Hiizurutokoronotenshi' declaring that he is `tenshi' (emperor).
Japanese: 九州王朝説では、この時期既に新羅等の朝鮮半島の諸国は独自の元号を建てており、半島の盟主を自認していた倭だけが独自の元号を建てることがなかったとは有り得ず、また阿毎多利思北孤などは「日出處天子」と名乗っており「天子」と宣言している以上、元号の制定は当然であるとしている。
English: It is believed that Buddhism was introduced during this period as the Kyushu era included Buddhist terms.
Japanese: なお九州年号には仏教的な語句が見られることから、九州にはこの時期既に仏教が伝来していたとする。
English: (according to `Nichureki,' the era, `keitai,' is `the first era.')
Japanese: （「二中歴」によれば、「継体」という年号をもって「開始年号」としている。）
English: (in the documents except for Nichureki, the second era, `Zenki' [zenka] is the first era, skipping the era, `keitai..'
Japanese: （二中歴以外の文献では、「継体」を欠いて二つ目の「善記（善化）」から始まる。）。
English: * It is believed that the eras established by the Yamato kingship were mixed in the eras after 695 during the Yamato (Taika) era.
Japanese: ※695年の大和（大化）以降は、ヤマト王権の建てた元号が混入していると考えられる。
English: He publicized his achievements in authoritative journals such as "Shigaku zasshi" (Journal of Historical Studies) 78-9, "shirin" 55-6. 56-1, achieving a measure of legitimacy.
Japanese: 当初は『史学雑誌』78-9や『史林』55-6、56-1など、権威あるとされる研究誌での公表を行い、一定の評価を得ていた。
English: The Kyushu dynasty was once referred to as `Yamatai-koku kingdom' (some people believe that it is Yamaichi-koku kingdom) in the footnote of High school text book on Japanese history.
Japanese: 九州王朝説についても一時期は高等学校日本史教科書の脚注で「邪馬台国（邪馬壱国とする説もある）」と言及されたこともある。
English: Afterwards, aside from the annals of the school in which he was working, he publicized his opinions by means of learning journals or conference presentation less often than before, receiving no feedback from academic society.
Japanese: しかしその後、勤務校の紀要を除けば、学術雑誌や学会発表などの手段によって主張する過程を踏むことが少なくなり、学界からの反応がなくなった。
English: In 1990's, FURUTA was deeply involved in "Tsugaru Sangun-shi" (The history of the three counties in Tsugaru region), and it is strongly suspected that "Tsugaru Sangun-shi" was gisho (apocryphal book).
Japanese: 1990年代に『東日流外三郡誌』に古田が深く関与し、同書が偽書であることが強く疑われた。
English: While the Kyushu dynasty theory doesn't have a direct relationship with "Tsugaru Sangun-shi," some people say that the Kyushu dynasty theory, too was a fallacy in that FURUTA regarded the phrase, 'King Iwai is from the family line of Yamadai Kingdom in Chikushi' from "Tsugaru Sangun-shi" backing up the Kyushu dynasty theory.
Japanese: 本来本説と同書に関する議論とは直接的な関係はないものの、古田が同書の一節「磐井王は筑紫の邪馬壹之系なり」を本説の補強に考えていたこともあり、本説をも誤謬であると断ずる声もあがった。
English: Researchers on history and archaeology regarded the Kyushu dynasty theory as a theory which is worth investigating because basic procedures on history such as historical material criticism had not been conducted and it was inconsistent with the results of archaeological material analysis.
Japanese: 歴史学、考古学等の研究者は、本説の内容に関して、史料批判など歴史学の基礎手続きを踏んでいないこと、考古学の資料分析の成果とそぐわないこと等をもって、検証に耐えうる内容ではないとみなしている。
English: While FURUTA's publication in authoritative journals were studied and criticized before, today, it was never publicized in major encyclopedias or in research books describing the Yamatai-koku kingdom history dispute and was neglected.
Japanese: 当初古田が権威あるとされる研究誌での公表を行っていた頃には評価とあわせ批判をしていたものの、現在では主要な百科事典や邪馬台国論争史を著述した研究書においても記載されることなく無視されている。
English: They regard the traditional ancient Japanese history as one still under the influence of Kokoku Shikan; Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography based upon state Shinto), and insist that it should be replaced with the Kyushu theory and, saying `It enables an explanation about the mystery or inconsistency of ancient Japanese history without difficulty.'
Japanese: 従来の古代日本史学をいまだ皇国史観の影響下にあるものと見て、本説はそれに代わる新しい史観であり、「日本古代史の謎や矛盾を無理なく説明できる」と主張している。
English: The Kyushu dynasty theory is currently ignored as it was regarded as `not at the stage where it is to be criticized or investigated' by the academic society on ancient Japanese society.
Japanese: 九州王朝説は現在のところ、日本古代史の学界からは「批判・検証を受ける段階に無い」と見られ黙殺されている。
English: Therefore, historical materials to be support the theory are limited to kiki (the Kojiki and Nihonshoki) or unrelated articles which often appeared in history books of China or Korea, and to few facts regarding the Kyushu era (it has not been proven that itsunengo [era name really existed and taken out of official history] corresponds to the Kyushu era) or Dazai-fu.
Japanese: したがって説の論拠となる史料は、記紀や中国や韓国の歴史書等に散見される間接的な記事、九州年号（逸年号が九州年号である証明は無い）や大宰府など僅かに残されたものに止まっている。
English: The absence of direct records of the theory is the rationale of the Kyushu dynasty denier and has also generated a number of epigones.
Japanese: この直接的記録が無いことが、九州王朝否定論の論拠となっており、また多くの亜流を生む原因ともなっている。
English: Among the researchers who support the Kyushu dynasty theory, opinions are varied and not fixed, some people regard the period until the battle of Hakusukinoe as the history of the Kyushu dynasty while other people regard the period until the Jinshin rebellion or the period until the Taika Reforms as the history of the Kyushu dynasty.
Japanese: また、九州王朝説の支持研究者間でも、白村江の戦いまでを九州王朝の歴史と見る、壬申の乱までを九州王朝の歴史と見る、大化の改新まで九州王朝の歴史と見る等考え方は様々であり定まっていない。
English: People who advocate the Kyushu dynasty theory state that `A person who was brainwashed by the common theory may feel the kyushu theory evolution sophistic after reading a partial manual on it without knowing the overview of the Kyushu dynasty theory, and the Kyushu dynasty theory includes a fantasy theory which was based on hypothesis over hypothesis, and some people would think of the entire Kyushu dynasty theory as a fantasy theory, if the first book they read is such theory.'
Japanese: 九州王朝説を主張する人は「通説で洗脳された者が九州王朝説の概要を知らずに部分的な解説書を読むと理論展開を強引だと感じてしまう事がある、また九州王朝説の中にも仮定に仮定を積み重ねたトンデモ説としか思えないものもあり、初めて読んだ本がこれらの場合には九州王朝説全体をトンデモ説だと思ってしまう事もある。」と述べている。
English: The Surrender of Edo-jo Castle was executed during the ending of the Edo period (the final phase of the Tokugawa shogunate), occurring over the months of March to April in 1868; Takamori SAIGO, a representative of the new Meiji government, and Kaishu KATSU, a representative of the former Tokugawa shogunate troops; together strategically negotiated a peaceful resolution to the surrender of Edo-jo Castle; this peacefully negotiated transfer was to become historically known as, The Bloodless Surrender of Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 江戸開城（えどかいじょう）とは、江戸時代末期（幕末）の慶応4年（1868年）3月から4月（旧暦）にかけて、明治新政府軍の代表西郷隆盛と旧江戸幕府軍（徳川家）の代表勝海舟らの交渉により、江戸城の無血開城がもたらされたことをいう。
English: Over this time, then through to the next year (1868-1869), the Surrender of Edo-jo Castle turned out to be the essential ground-breaking point in a series of following actions taken during the Boshin Civil War; therefore providing greater advantage to the new government's forces, and effectively establishing the castles fall as a highly significant event in Japanese history.
Japanese: 同年から翌年にかけて行われた一連の戊辰戦争の中で、新政府側が大きく優勢となる画期となった象徴的な事件である。
English: Furthermore, due to the historical significance of these dramatically developing events, before and after the negotiations in the Surrender of Edo-jo Castle, this effectively attracted novelist, playwrights, and producers of movies and TV dramas, to this historically critical content.
Japanese: それととともに、交渉前後の劇的な展開から、小説・演劇・テレビドラマ・映画などの恰好の素材となっている。
English: In October 1867, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the fifteenth Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), gave up political power to the Imperial Court by the Taiseihokan (restoration of imperial rule) and he expected to have great influence over the potential newly established Lords Conference through his potential role as the president of the conference.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）10月大政奉還により政権を朝廷へ返上した15代征夷大将軍徳川慶喜は、新設されるであろう諸侯会議の議長として影響力を行使することを想定していた。
English: However, despite Yoshinobu's wish, Tomomi IWAKURA, who belonged to an anti-shogunate group, Toshimichi OKUBO and Takamori SAIGO, who were from the Satsuma Domain, formed the "Restoration of Imperial Rule" then the "Kogosho Conference" (an Imperial Council held in the Kyoto Imperial Palace) met in early December.
Japanese: しかし、討幕派の公家岩倉具視や薩摩藩の大久保利通・西郷隆盛らが主導した12月初旬の王政復古(日本)とそれに続く小御所会議が開かれ。
English: In conclusion, the decision of these meetings resulted in; Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA being subjected to the Jikan Nochi (an order to surrender the shogunate post, including other official court rankings, governmental postings, and all of his domains, including territories ruled, to the Imperial Court).
Japanese: それらによって自身の辞官納地（官職・領土の返上）が決定されてしまう。
English: Although Yoshinobu once retreated to Osaka-jo Castle, the members of the parliamentary regime, Yodo YAMAUCHI (the former lord of the Tosa Domain), Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (the former lord of the Echizen Domain), and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the former lord of the Owari Domain) and those who were members of the parliamentary regime maneuvered and water downed the decision of the "Kogosho Conference."
Japanese: 慶喜はいったん大坂城に退くが、公議政体派の山内容堂（前土佐藩主）・松平春嶽（前越前藩主）・徳川慶勝（前尾張藩主）らの工作により、小御所会議の決定は骨抜きにされた。
English: Additionally, Yoshinobu himself declared his continuation of diplomatic rights to the ministers of foreign countries, so gradually and then noticeably, the party of council by feudal lords recovered from this set back.
Japanese: また慶喜も諸外国の公使に対して外交権の継続を宣言するなど、次第に列侯会議派の巻き返しが顕著となってきた。
English: Thus, Saigo ordered Kyunosuke MASUMITSU and Shohei IMUTA who resided in the residence of the Satsuma clan in Edo to gather the roshi (master less or unemployed samurai) samurai including Sozo SAGARA, asking them (roshi samurai) to begin disturbance maneuvers such as, arson, looting, and committing outrageous or violence activities in the city of Edo.
Japanese: 江戸薩摩藩邸の益満休之助・伊牟田尚平に命じ、相楽総三ら浪士を集めて江戸市中に放火・掠奪・暴行などを行わせる攪乱工作を開始。
English: The retainers of the Shonai Domain reaction to these disturbances by Saigo, since it was their assignment to guard the city of Edo, was one of anger, resulting in their setting fire to the residency of the Satsuma Domain and the residency of the Sadowara Domain (branch domain of the Satsuma Domain) on December 25th.
Japanese: 江戸市中警備の任にあった庄内藩がこれに怒り、12月25日、薩摩藩および佐土原藩（薩摩支藩）邸を焼き討ちするという事件が発生した。
English: The Tokugawa shogunate side had heated debates on advocacating war and attacking Satsuma; then the army of the Tokugawa shogunate acting on "the statement to the Emperor to avenge Satsuma" tried to go to the capital, Kyoto.
Japanese: 薩摩を討つべしとの主戦論が沸騰し、「討薩表」を携えた幕府軍が上京を試みることなった。
English: On January 3, 1868, the army of the Tokugawa shogunate confronted the army of the Satsuma Domain at Toba ("Rakugai;" on the outskirts of Kyoto in Kyoto City); this incident would lead to a battle (Please refer to The Battle of Toba-Fushimi).
Japanese: 慶応4年正月3日鳥羽(洛外)（京都市）で薩摩藩兵と衝突し、戦闘となった（詳細は鳥羽・伏見の戦いを参照）。
English: On January, 10 the new government ordered as punishment to the offending supporters, "enemy of the Emperor"; taking of governmental posts, commandeering the hantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Kyoto) residences in Kyoto of their twenty-seven highest cabinet members and those of other top ranking officials in the Tokugawa shogunate administration, including Yoshinobu, Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu Domain and the former Kyoto shugoshoku [Military governor of Kyoto]) and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana Domain and the former Kyoto shoshidai [The Kyoto deputy]).
Japanese: 10日には慶喜・松平容保（会津藩主、元京都守護職）・松平定敬（桑名藩主、元京都所司代）を初め幕閣など27人の「朝敵」の官職を剥奪し、京都藩邸を没収するなどの処分を行った。
English: On the 21st, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, the ministerial governor of foreign affairs, and a representative of the new government, requested the representatives of foreign countries, to refrain from any show of support of the Tokugawa shogunate side; this included providing weapons, warships, the transferring of supporting troops and the sending of military advisers.
Japanese: また21日には外国事務総督東久世通禧から諸外国の代表に対して、徳川方に武器・軍艦の供与や兵の移送、軍事顧問の派遣などの援助を行わないよう要請した。
English: This was an official recognition by the foreign governments of the new governmental army as an equal party, to then engage in battle against the Tokugawa family, which up to this time, was the official governmental entity for concluding treaties.
Japanese: 事実上新政府軍は、かつて諸外国と条約を締結した政府としての徳川家と、対等の交戦団体として認識されたことになる。
English: First, on January 13th Yoshinobu ordered the head of his infantry to guard Sunpu (current, Shizuoka City); on January 14th, Yoshinobu ordered Toshitomo DOI (the lord of the Koga Domain) to guard Kanagawa (currently, Yokohama City).
Japanese: 慶喜はひとまず13日歩兵頭に駿府（現静岡市）警備、14日には土井利与（古河藩主）に神奈川（現横浜市）警備を命じた。
English: Furthermore, Yoshinobu sent correspondence to Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yodo YAMAUCHI, who were the sympathizers of the bakufu side, and requested mediation; this was the sequence of emergency directions executed by Yoshinobu.
Japanese: さらに親幕府派の松平春嶽・山内容堂らに書翰を送って周旋を依頼するなど、さしあたっての応急処置を施している。
English: After the bakufu side lost at the battle of Toba-Fushimi, the bakufu side expected the army conquest of Tokugawa, formed by the new government, was prepared to attack the bakufu side immediately.
Japanese: 鳥羽・伏見敗戦にともなって新政府による徳川征伐軍の襲来が予想されていた。
English: At this moment, the Tokugawa family had two plans to choose from, on one hand was allegiance to the new government and on the other hand the continuation of their current bakufu defense and at the same time the bakufu group could form an alliance with the Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) domains and eventually gain the power to reverse the present situation.
Japanese: この時点で、徳川家の取り得る方策は徹底恭順か、抗戦しつつ佐幕派諸藩と提携して形勢を逆転するかの2つの選択肢があった。
English: Tadamasa OGURI, a Kanjo Bugyo (commissioner of finance) also was assigned as a Rikugun Bugyo (commissioner of the bakufu army) ranking position, and Takeaki ENOMOTO, the chief ranking official of the bakufu navy, insisted upon a war advocacy policy.
Japanese: 勘定奉行兼陸軍奉行並の小栗忠順や、軍艦頭並の榎本武揚らは主戦論を主張。
English: The strategic plan of Oguri was the bakufu would entice the enemy army out to the east of Hakone and the bakufu navy would approach from Suruga Bay shutting down the enemy's retreat.
Japanese: 小栗の作戦は、敵軍を箱根以東に誘い込んだところで、兵力的に勝る幕府海軍が駿河湾に出動して敵の退路を断った。
English: The bakufu navy would send additional warships, and advance to Hyogo and Osaka prefectures to successfully reclaim the Kinki region.
Japanese: 海軍をさらに兵庫・大阪方面に派遣して近畿を奪還するというものであった。
English: However, Yoshinobu did not accept Oguri's plan and abruptly discharged Oguri on January 15th.
Japanese: が、慶喜の容れるところとならず、小栗は正月15日に罷免されてしまう。
English: On January 19th, Yoshinobu summoned the lords residing in the other domains of Edo, declaring his intent that it was his decision to form an allegiance to the new government and requested their corporation.
Japanese: 19日には在江戸諸藩主を召し、恭順の意を伝えて協力を要請をしている。
English: Among the newly assigned officials, Ichio OKUBO, the Kaikei Sosai who would manage all phases of government affairs, Kaishu KATSU, the Rikugun Sosai who would control military affairs, these two officials, bacame the actual highest commanders in what remained of the collapsing Tokugawa family.
Japanese: このうち、庶政を取り仕切る会計総裁大久保一翁と、軍事を司る陸軍総裁勝海舟の2人が、瓦解しつつある徳川家の事実上の最高指揮官となった。
English: At the same time, Léon ROCHES the Minister of the French Second Empire, in one of his frequent visits to Edo-jo Castle, suggested to Yoshinobu his support in defense of battle, but Yoshinobu refused his suggestion.
Japanese: この時期、フランス第二帝政公使レオン・ロッシュがたびたび登城して慶喜に抗戦を提案しているが、慶喜はそれも退けている。
English: On January 27th, Yoshinobu declared to Mochitsugu TOKUGAWA (the lord of the Kishu Domain) and others that he would report to the Emperor on his retirement, and then he would acknowledge his allegiance to the new government and Imperial Court.
Japanese: 27日、慶喜は徳川茂承（紀州藩主）らに隠居・恭順を朝廷に奏上することを告げた。
English: On February 12th, Yoshinobu entrusted Yoshiyori TOKUGAWA (the head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa family and former Shogun-kokenshoku [one of three important governmental administrative officials, the guardian for the Shogun]) and Naritami MATSUDAIRA (the former lord of the Tsuyama Domain) with the Edo-jo Castle, then subsequently retired.
Japanese: 12日、慶喜は江戸城を徳川慶頼（田安徳川家当主、元将軍後見職）・松平斉民（前津山藩主）に委任して退出した。
English: Within the new government there were two opposing policies regarding treatment of the Tokugawa shogunate; one was the Hard-liner policy, which insisted upon the administration of severely harsh punishment to the Tokugawa family (particularly the former Shogun, Yoshinobu); the more liberal group persisted in the application of a more lenient treatment policy, which considered a more appropriate (reasonable) and tempered punishment toward the Tokugawa family; this stance was an effort to address the potential for prolonged turmoil resulting from a harsher punishment, and the resulting effects upon the national interests.
Japanese: 新政府側でも徳川家（特に前将軍慶喜）に対して厳しい処分を断行すべきとする強硬論と、長引く内紛や過酷な処分は国益に反するとして穏当な処分で済ませようとする寛典論の両論が存在した。
English: Similarly to Saigo, some evidence supports the idea of Okubo lobbying for consideration of a more severe punishment than confinement of Yoshinobu to his own residence (or house arrest) and that it was not sufficient.
Japanese: 大久保も同様に慶喜が謹慎したくらいで赦すのはもってのほかであると考えていた節が見られる。
English: Taken from these examples of opinions of Saigo and Okubo, the object of 'the expeditionary force to the east' was not only to seize Edo-jo Castle, but also in punishing Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (and his supporters, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA).
Japanese: このように、東征軍の目的は単に江戸城の奪取のみに留まらず、徳川慶喜（およびそれに加担した松平容保・松平定敬）への処罰であった。
English: On the other hand, Takayoshi KIDO and Saneomi HIROSAWA from the Choshu Domain individually supported a more lenient treatment policy for Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 一方、長州藩の木戸孝允・広沢真臣らは徳川慶喜個人に対しては寛典論を想定していた。
English: Additionally, Yodo YAMAUCHI, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, and Munenari DATE (the former lord of the Uwajima Domain), lords who continued to favor a parliamentary regime, each still felt a strong affinity in their hearts for Yoshinobu.
Japanese: また公議政体派の山内容堂・松平春嶽・伊達宗城（前宇和島藩主）ら諸侯も、心情的にまだ慶喜への親近感もあった。
English: The new government's side had already prepared for the attack upon Edo region from the three main roads, Tokaido Road, Tosando Road and the Hokurikudo Road.
Japanese: 新政府はすでに東海道・東山道・北陸道の三道から江戸を攻撃すべく出撃させていた。
English: Then, on January 9th, the new government assigned Tomosada IWAKURA as the pacification governor-general of the Tosando Road, then came the assignment of Nagasachi TAKAKURA, as the pacification governor-general of the Hokurikudo Road giving the order for them to sortie.
Japanese: 同9日には岩倉具定を東山道鎮撫総督に、高倉永さちを北陸道鎮撫総督に任命して出撃させていた。
English: However, on February 6th, the Emperor implemented a change in policy, he decider to lead the army and to conquer Tokugawa family; these former pacification governor-generals of Tokaido, Tosando, and Hokurikudo had their positions adjusted to Spearhead governor and Chinbushi (temporary government post).
Japanese: が、2月6日天皇親征の方針が決まると、それまでの東海道・東山道・北陸道鎮撫総督は先鋒総督兼鎮撫使に改称された。
English: Moreover, the Tosei Dai Sotoku had been given the controlling power over Edo-jo Castle and the Tokugawa family; furthermore, the Tosei Dai Sotoku had full power in the management in the affairs for the Eastern region of Japan.
Japanese: その上、東征大総督には江戸城・徳川家の件のみならず東日本に関わる裁量のほぼ全権が与えられた。