nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There are also surviving private poetry collections: "The Main Poetry Collection of Izumi Shikibu," "The Continued Poetry Collection of Izumi Shikibu" and "The Shinkan-bon Izumi Shikibu Poetry Collection."
Japanese: ほかに家集『和泉式部正集』『和泉式部続集』や、秀歌を選りすぐった『宸翰本和泉式部集』が伝存する。
English: Starting from the "Shui Wakashu," 246 of her poems were collected in the imperial anthologies, and in the "Goshui Wakashu," the first imperial anthology after her death, she had the honor of being the poet with the greatest number of poems included.
Japanese: 『拾遺和歌集』以下、勅撰集に二百四十六首の和歌を採られ、死後初の勅撰集『後拾遺和歌集』では最多入集歌人の名誉を得た。
English: Many places throughout Japan are said to hold the grave of Izumi Shikibu, but none of them is more than legendary.
Japanese: 和泉式部の墓所と伝わるものは全国各地に存在するが、いずれも伝承の域を出ない。
English: Kunio YANAGIDA mentioned that the reason such traditions exist everywhere is 'because the women belonging to the Seigan-ji Temple in Kyoto, who told tales of Shikibu as a katari (oral performance), traveled to every corner of the country during the medieval period.'
Japanese: 柳田國男は、このような伝承が各地に存在する理由を「これは式部の伝説を語り物にして歩く京都誓願寺に所属する女性たちが、中世に諸国をくまなくめぐったからである」と述べている。
English: There is currently a stone monument said to be her burial place in Mitake Town, Kani District, Gifu Prefecture.
Japanese: 現在、岐阜県可児郡御嵩町には和泉式部の廟所と言われる石碑が存在する。
English: According to the tradition there, in her later years she attempted a journey down the Tokaido but fell ill and passed away there.
Japanese: 同地に伝わる伝承によると、晩年彼女は東海道を下る旅に出て、ここで病を得て歿したとされている。
English: The poem carved on the monument says ' When one passes by and the bridge sinks, let the one behind stop a while.'
Japanese: 碑には「一人さへ渡れば沈む浮橋にあとなる人はしばしとどまれ」という一首が刻まれている。
English: In Ishikawa Town, in the Ishikawa district of Fukushima Prefecture, there remains a tradition that "Tamayohime," the daughter of Kuniyasu YASUDA Hyoe, a local governor who ruled that place, was in fact Izumi Shikibu.
Japanese: 福島県石川郡(福島県)石川町には、この地方を治めた豪族、安田兵衛国康の一子『玉世姫（たまよひめ）』が和泉式部であると言い伝えが残る。
English: A spring called Kowashimizu, which was used for the newborn Shikibu's first bath, still exists, as well as a miraculous spring called Nekonaki Hot Spring where Shikibu's cat "Some," grieving at parting from her when she was thirteen, was cured as she cried and her body soaked.
Japanese: 式部が産湯を浴びた湧水を小和清水（こわしみず）、十三でこの地を離れた式部との別れを悲しんだ飼猫『そめ』が啼きながら浸かり病を治したといわれる霊泉が猫啼温泉として現存する。
English: According to a tradition in Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture, the location of her residence is at the 'Izumi Shikibu Temple' in Hiraokacho, Nishi Ward, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 兵庫県伊丹市に伝わる、大阪府堺市西区(堺市)平岡町には、居宅跡である「和泉式部宮」がある。
English: OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune (859? - 925?) was a poet of the early Heian period.
Japanese: 凡河内躬恒（おおしこうちのみつね、貞観(日本)元年（859年）?-延長(元号)3年（925年）?）は、平安時代前期の歌人。
English: One of the 36 immortal poets, he was one of the compilers of the Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems) with KI no Tsurayuki, KI no Tomonori and MIBU no Tadamine.
Japanese: 三十六歌仙の1人で、紀貫之、紀友則、壬生忠岑と共に古今和歌集の撰者を務めた。
English: He was appointed to various posts, including Acting Junior Clerk of Kai Province in 894, Acting Senior Clerk of Tanba Province in 907, and Senior Secretary of Izumi Province in 917.
Japanese: 寛平6年（894年）に甲斐権小目、907年（延喜7年）丹波権大目や、917年和泉大掾などを歴任。
English: Although his rank was not high, he was renowned as a poet; in fact, 194 of his poems selected for the Kokinshu and other imperial anthologies.
Japanese: 官位は低かったもの、古今集をはじめとする勅撰集に194首入集するなど、歌人としての名声は高い。
English: FUJIWARA no Kinto (966 - February 4, 1041) was a court noble and poet of the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原公任（ふじわらのきんとう、康保3年（966年）-長久2年1月1日(旧暦)（1041年2月4日））は、平安時代中期の公卿・歌人。
English: His father FUJIWARA no Yoritada, his grandfather FUJIWARA no Saneyori and his great-grandfather FUJIWARA no Tadahira (also called Lord Teishin) served as chancellors and grand ministers of state, and his mother was Princess Genshi, the grandchild of Emperor Daigo.
Japanese: 父は関白太政大臣藤原頼忠、祖父は関白太政大臣藤原実頼、曾祖父は関白太政大臣藤原忠平（貞信公）、母は醍醐天皇の孫、厳子女王。
English: He was born of a family that was distinguished both politically and artistically, and had cousins such as Prince Tomohira, Minister of the Right FUJIWARA no Sanesuke and the calligrapher FUJIWARA no Sari (Sukemasa).
Japanese: また、いとこに具平親王、右大臣藤原実資、書家藤原佐理がおり、政治的にも芸術的にも名門の出である。
English: He showed a talent not only for waka poetry but also for poetry in Chinese as well as instrumental music; he was knowledgeable about court ceremonials, although his career ended at the post of Acting Major Counselor, Senior Second Rank, because he was pushed aside politically by FUJIWARA no Michinaga.
Japanese: 和歌の他、漢詩、管弦にもすぐれた才能を見せ、有職故実に通じていたが、政治的には藤原道長におされ、正二位権大納言にとどまった。
English: In the episode of 'The Talent of Three Boats' where he made a show of his talents, one can see how he stood up to Michinaga in the field of art.
Japanese: 道長に対して、自らの才能を誇示した「三舟の才」のエピソードは、芸術面での意地を見せたともいえる。
English: There is a private collection called "Dainagon Kinto Shu," "Kingyoku wakashu," an anthology of poems that he selected, and the treatises on waka poetry "Shinsen Zuino (The Essence of Poetry, Newly Selected)" and "Waka Kuhon (The Nine Levels of Poetic Excellence)"; he also edited "Wakan Roeishu" (Japanese and Chinese Poems to Sing) and the "Thirty-Six Poets' Collection," which served as the origin of the Thirty-Six Immortal Poets.
Japanese: 家集『大納言公任集』、私撰集『金玉和歌集』、歌論書『新撰髄脳』『和歌九品』などがあり、『和漢朗詠集』や三十六歌仙の元となった『三十六人撰』は彼の撰による。
English: Moreover, his "Hokusansho" on court ceremonials, which seems to have been written after he retired, is a valuable historical source that shows the details of ceremonies and regular annual events at court during the Regency period.
Japanese: また引退後著したと見られる有職故実書『北山抄』は摂関政治期における朝廷の儀式・年中行事の詳細が分かる貴重な史料である。
English: Once, at the Oigawa River, when Michinaga had set up boats of Chinese poetry, music and waka poetry, with the masters of each field aboard, and Kinto was asked which boat he would ride, he chose the boat of waka poetry and was praised for his composition, "As the wind blowing down Mt. Arashiyama is cold, there is no one who won't wear the fine dress of colored leaves."
Japanese: 道長が大堰川に漢詩の舟、管絃の舟、和歌の舟を出し、それぞれの分野の名人を乗せた際、乗る舟を尋ねられた公任は和歌の舟を選び、「小倉山嵐の風の寒ければもみぢの錦きぬ人ぞなき」と詠んで賞賛された。
English: However, Kinto was regretful, thinking that if he had chosen the boat of Chinese poetry he would have won even more renown, reminiscing that when Michinaga told him to choose a boat he was full of pride at being thought a master of all three fields.
Japanese: ところが公任は、漢詩の舟を選んでおけば、もっと名声が上がったはずだと悔やみ、道長に舟を選べと言われたときに、すべての分野で認められているとうぬぼれてしまったと述懐した。
English: In those days, the Imperial Police (kebiishi) conducted trials for the following three crimes: robbery, theft and private minting, and in November 996, in a police edict by Kinto, who was then the head of the Imperial Police, it was ordered for the first time that the length of penal servitude (zukei) should be clearly written in judgment documents (chakuda kammon).
Japanese: この時代、強盗・窃盗・私鋳銭の3つの罪については検非違使が裁判を行うことになっていたが、長徳2年（996年）11月に検非違使の最高責任者であった検非違使庁別当である公任の別当宣によって、初めて着鈦勘文（判決文）に徒罪（懲役）年数が書かれることになった。
English: Before this, although the length of penal servitude was decided in proportion to the sum of the lost money, the actual term of imprisonment was never told to the criminals and it is said that they never knew what kind of punishment they had been sentenced to until they were released.
Japanese: それまでは、被害額の総額に応じて徒の年数は定められていたものの、その年数が罪人に示されることは無く、罪人は釈放されて初めて自分がどんな刑罰を受けたのかを知ったという。
English: It is said that the legal scholar KOREMUNE no Tadasuke, who was serving as a clerk of the Left Gate Guards at that time, wrote an excellent chakuda kammon following Kinto's intention and thus furthered his reputation as a jurist.
Japanese: この時、左衛門志であった明法家（法律家）の惟宗允亮は、公任の意向に沿って素晴らしい着鈦勘文を書き上げ、法律家としての名声を高めたという。
English: Written with the intention of being a successor to the Six National Histories, it covers approximately 200 years, the reigns of 15 emperors from that of Emperor Uda up to February 1092 during the reign of Emperor Horikawa, when the Regency government was weakening.
Japanese: 六国史の後継たるべく宇多天皇の治世から起筆し、摂関政治権力の弱体化した堀河天皇の寛治6年2月（1092年）まで、15代約200年間の時代を扱う。
English: It is divided into 30 volumes covering up to the death of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, with a sequel in 10 volumes.
Japanese: 藤原道長の死までを記述した30巻と、その続編としての10巻に分かれる。
English: There is a theory that the principal 30 volumes were written by Akazome Emon and the 10-volume sequel was written by Idewa no Ben and several women such as Suo no Naishi, but such a claim remains unproven.
Japanese: 正編30巻を赤染衛門、続編10巻を出羽弁のほか、周防内侍など複数の女性と見る説があるが未詳である。
English: Undoubtedly, both the principal part (during Emperor Go-Ichijo's reign, around 1024 - 1028) and the sequel (from the end of the eleventh century to the beginning of the twelfth century) were written by women at court.
Japanese: 正編は後一条天皇の万寿（1024年-1028年）の頃、続編は11世紀末から12世紀初頭にかけて、宮廷女性の手によって完成されたことに違いはない。
English: In the description of the birth of Prince Atsuhira in the 'First Flower' (Chapter 8) there is a quotation from "Murasaki Shikibu Diary," although it was not quoted verbatim but instead was altered slightly.
Japanese: 「はつはな」（巻八）の敦成親王（後一条天皇）誕生記事は『紫式部日記』の引用となっているが、そのまま引用したわけではなく、改変の手が加えられている。
English: While "Okagami (The Great Mirror)," a contemporary historical tale written in the style of a biographical record, consistently tells the story from the view of an official (probably a man), the annalistic "Eiga Monogatari" was written in a woman's hand, and the structures and style were strongly influenced by women's literature such as "The Tale of Genji."
Japanese: 同時代を語る紀伝体歴史物語の『大鏡』が男性官人の観点を貫くのに対し、編年体の体裁をとる『栄花物語』は女性の手になるため、構造や行文には『源氏物語』などの女流文学の投影が色濃く見える。
English: Things such as giving each chapter an elegant name and praising the glory of the Regent's Line of the Fujiwara family's Northern House, especially the father Michinaga and his son FUJIWARA Yorimichi, are both expressions of this influence.
Japanese: 各巻に雅な名を冠すのも、藤原北家摂関流、中でも特に道長・藤原頼通父子の栄華を謳歌する調べも、みなその現れである。
English: It is said that a defining characteristic is the admiration seen in the descriptions of Michinaga, but it also clearly shows his suffering due to illness in his later years and even the pains of living in defeat under the Regency government.
Japanese: 道長についての記述に賞賛が多く見られることが特徴として挙げられるが、彼の晩年を襲った病苦や、摂関政治の裏面を生きる敗者の悲哀をも詳らかに描き出している。
English: Compared to "Okagami" (The Great Mirror)," Eiga Monogatari" has less of a critical spirit, and it treats the narrative as being so important that the descriptions are often inconsistent with history.
Japanese: 『栄花物語』は『大鏡』とは対照的に批判精神に乏しく、物語性を重要視するあまり、史実との齟齬を多く有する。
English: Also, because it focuses on mastery over the rear palace by the Northern House of the Fujiwara family rather than on politics, the descriptions in the latter part seem like mere lists of facts.
Japanese: また、政事（まつりごと）よりも藤原北家の後宮制覇に重心を置くため、後編の記述は事実の羅列というしかない。
English: However, according to Professor Shin'ichi MACHII of Sagami Women's University, "It should be appreciated that it writes history in a 'story' style using kana (also called 'woman's hand'), and that it was revolutionary in terms of being a history to be read by women, in making a historical tale by women and for women, combining history and literature to make history familiar."
Japanese: しかし相模女子大学の待井新一教授によれば、「評価すべきは、女手（おんなて）といわれる仮名で物語風に歴史を書いている事で、女性にも読んでもらう史書を目指し女性による女性のための歴史物語を完成させた点、はじめて歴史と文学とを結合させ歴史を身近なものにした点では画期的な事」、として挙げられる。
English: According to their form, the texts can be divided into three categories: the old texts, vulgate texts and variant texts.
Japanese: 本文の形態によって古本系統・流布本系統・異本系統という3つの系統に分けられる。
English: The major surviving texts are as follows: the Umezawa manuscript （formerly the Sanjonishi manuscript, old text, first subgroup, a National Treasure）, the Yomei Archives manuscript （old text, second subgroup）, the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple manuscript （vulgate text, first subgroup, an Important Cultural Property）, old movable type manuscripts （printed in the Genna (Japan) and Kan'ei eras (1615-44)）, woodblock-printed manuscripts of the Meireki era (1655-58) （vulgate text, second subgroup）, a nine-volume illustrated abridgement （vulgate text, third subgroup）, and the Tomioka manuscript （two texts-A and B, variant texts, with A, an Important Cultural Property, and both A and B up to chapter 30), etc.
Japanese: 主な伝本としては、梅沢本（三条西家旧蔵、古本系第一類、国宝）、陽明文庫本（古本系第二類）、西本願寺本（流布本系第一類、重要文化財）、古活字本（元和(日本)・寛永年間の版本）・明暦刊本（以上、流布本系第二類）、絵入九巻抄出本（流布本系第三類）、富岡家旧蔵本（甲・乙二種類あり、異本系、甲本は重要文化財、甲乙とも巻三十まで）などがある。
English: Among them, the Umezawa manuscript (40 chapters, 17 books), which Sanetaka SANJONISHI obtained and gave his descendants, was designated as a former National Treasure in 1935 and as a present National Treasure in 1955, as the oldest complete manuscript copied by hand before the mid-Kamakura period.
Japanese: このうち三条西実隆が入手して子孫に伝えた梅沢本（40巻17帖）は、鎌倉時代中期までに書写された現存最古の完本として昭和10年（1935年）に旧国宝、昭和30年（1955年）には新国宝に指定された。
English: It is a combination of a manuscript on rectangular paper (10 books, up to chapter 20, copied by hand, mid-Kamakura period） and a manuscript on square paper (seven books, up to chapter 40, copied by hand, early Kamakura period) (the details of why they were combined are unclear); the title of the rectangular-paper manuscript was "Eiga Monogatari," and the title of the square-paper manuscript was "Yotsugi Monogatari."
Japanese: 大型本（10帖、巻二十まで、鎌倉時代中期の書写）と枡形本（7帖、巻四十まで、鎌倉時代初期の書写）の取り合わせ本（取り合わせとなった経緯は不明）で、大型本の書名は『榮花物語』、枡形本では『世継物語』となっている。
English: Additionally, the details of how Sanetaka SANJONISHI got the text are in the "Sanetaka Koki," in the entries for November 4 and 8 of 1509.
Japanese: なお三条西実隆入手の経緯は、『実隆公記』永正6年11月4日、8日の条に詳しい。
English: The 'Iwanami bunko,' 'Nihon koten bungaku taikei' and 'Shimpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshu' editions are based on this Umezawa manuscript.
Japanese: 「岩波文庫」「日本古典文学大系」「新編日本古典文学全集」は、この梅沢本を底本としている。
English: The Moon-Viewing Banquet: During the reign of Emperor Murakami, the daughter of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, FUJIWARA no Anshi, enters the court as a bride of the Emperor and later becomes the Empress, with Morosuke taking power.
Japanese: 月の宴　＝村上天皇の御世藤原師輔の娘藤原安子が入内し中宮となり師輔が政権の座に着く。
English: Joyous Events: FUJIWARA no Senshi enters the court as a bride of Emperor Enyu, and her son Emperor Ichijo accedes to the throne at seven years of age.
Japanese: さまざまのよろこび＝藤原詮子が円融天皇のもとに入内し子の一条天皇が7歳で即位。
English: Pale Blue: As Michinaga's daughter FUJIWARA no Ishi becomes the Empress of Emperor Go-Ichijo, there are simultaneously three empresses from one family.
Japanese: 浅緑-道長の娘藤原威子が後一条天皇の中宮となり一家から3人の后が並びたつ。
English: The Dream of the King of Chu: FUJIWARA no Kishi, also his daughter, passed away after having done poorly since the birth of her son (Emperor Go-Reizei).
Japanese: 楚王の夢-同じく藤原嬉子も皇子（後冷泉天皇）出産後のひだち悪く亡くなる。
English: Finally, it celebrates the Fujiwara family's prospects by describing 15-year-old FUJIWARA no Tadazane's (Morozane's grandson) serving at a festival at the Kasuga-taisha shrine, and the story ends.
Japanese: 最後に、15歳の藤原忠実（師実の孫）が春日大社の祭礼に奉仕する姿を描写して藤原一族の栄華を寿ぎ終了している。
English: The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past (Konjaku Monogatari Shu) is a collection of setsuwa (anecdotes).
Japanese: 今昔物語集（こんじゃくものがたりしゅう）とは平安時代末期に成立したと見られる説話集である。
English: It is not thought that they existed at the time of editing and were later lost but instead that they were left unedited or never existed in the first place.
Japanese: 編纂当時には存在したものが後に失われたのではなく、未編纂に終わり、当初から存在しなかったと考えられている。
English: It contains more than 1000 setsuwa stories about India, (the People's Republic of) China and Japan.
Japanese: インド・中華人民共和国・日本の三国の約1000余りの説話が収録されている。
English: The name "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past" comes from the fact that the opening line of each anecdote starts with 'At a time now past.'
Japanese: 『今昔物語集』という名前は、各説話の全てが「今ハ昔」という書き出しから始まっている事から由来している。
English: Because there are traces of attempts to record setsuwa related to the Earlier Nine Years' War and the Later Three Years' War, large-scale wars that occurred in the late eleventh century (the titles of the setsuwa remain but the text has not survived), it is thought to have been compiled after the 1120s.
Japanese: 11世紀後半に起こった大規模な戦乱である前九年の役、後三年の役に関する説話を収録しようとした形跡が見られる（説話名のみ残されており、本文は伝わっていない）事から、1120年代以降の成立である事が推測されている。
English: On the other hand, it was in 1449 that "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past" was first mentioned in other materials.
Japanese: 一方、『今昔物語集』が他の資料で見られるようになるのは1449年の事である。
English: The collection seems to have been compiled sometime between the 1120s and 1449, but it is believed that it came into existence sometime not long after the 1120s, during the regime of cloistered government by the Cloistered emperors Shirakawa and Toba, because there are no setsuwa against the backdrop of historical incidents such as the Hogen Disturbance, the Heiji Disturbance and the Jisho-Juei (civil war), which certainly would have been world-shaking, critical events for people living after the mid-twelfth century.
Japanese: 成立時期はこの1120年代～1449年の間ということになるが、保元の乱、平治の乱、治承・寿永の内乱など、12世紀半ば以降の年代に生きた人ならば驚天動地の重大事だったはずの歴史的事件を背景とする説話がいっさい収録されていないことから、上限の1120年代からあまり遠くない白河法皇・鳥羽法皇による院政期に成立したものと見られている。
English: For this reason, "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past" is thought to have been lost for approximately 300 years after its compilation.
Japanese: このため、『今昔物語集』は編纂後約300年間にわたって死蔵状態だったと考えられている。
English: If one regards "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past" as a revised, enlarged and expanded version of "Uji Dainagon Monogatari" (Tales of the chief councilor of state from Uji), then it would seem that the compiler was the major counselor from Uji, MINAMOTO no Takakuni.
Japanese: 『今昔物語集』を『宇治大納言物語』を改訂増補強したものと考える場合、作者は宇治大納言源隆国と考えられる。
English: Another opinion asserts that the author was a monk belonging to the Buddhist temples of Nara and Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 他にも、南都北嶺といったところに所属していた僧侶が作者という説がある。
English: Concerning that assessment, there are various views: that it was written by a single monk for personal reasons, that it was written by several monks under the protection of Emperor Shirakawa, the emperor at the time, etc.
Japanese: また、この説についても一介の僧侶が個人的な理由で書いたのか、またはその時代の天皇である白河天皇の庇護下にあった何名かの僧侶によって書かれたのかなど様々分かれている。
English: The former Suzuka family manuscript (a national treasure) in the possession of the Kyoto University Library, which usually called the 'Suzuka manuscript,' is the earliest surviving text.
Japanese: 京都大学付属図書館に所蔵されている、鈴鹿家旧蔵本（国宝）通称「鈴鹿本」が最古の伝本である。
English: Given that the paper of the Suzuka manuscript was produced during the same period in which the collection appeared, there is a possibility that it is the actual first, original text of "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past."
Japanese: 紙の年代が成立時期に重なることから、これが『今昔物語集』として最初に書かれた原本そのものである可能性もある。
English: The other books are thought to have been copied from the Suzuka manuscript and subsequently disseminated.
Japanese: その他の本は鈴鹿本から書写され、流布されていったものだと考えられている。
English: It is divided into three parts, Tenjiku (India), Shintan (China) and Honcho (Japan) with each part structured so that Buddhist setsuwa come first (including tales of reward and/or punishment for one's past behavior) and other setsuwa follow.
Japanese: 天竺（インド）、震旦（中国）、本朝（日本）の3つに分かれ、それぞれ先に仏教説話（因果応報譚を含む）、あとに仏教説話以外の説話を並べる構成になっている。
English: As a rule, each tale starts with the opening line, 'Konjaku (At a time now past),' and concludes with, 'And so it is handed down' (but there are exceptions).
Japanese: 原則として各話は「今昔」（今ハ昔）という書き出しで始められ、「トナム語リ伝エタルトヤ」で結ばれ終わる（一部例外あり）。
English: Apparently, people before the early modern period did not pronounce the title as 'konjaku monogatari' but as 'ima wa mukashi no monogatari.'
Japanese: なお近世以前は「こんじゃくものがたり」とは読まず、「いまはむかしのものがたり」と読まれていたらしい。
English: It is thought that not all the tales in "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past" are original but have been taken from other books.
Japanese: 『今昔物語集』の話はすべて創作ではなく、他の本からの引き写しであると考えられている。
English: Among the books used as sources are "Nihon Ryoiki," "sanboe" (Illustration of the Three Jewels) and "Honsho Hokke Genki."
Japanese: 元となった本は『日本霊異記』、『三宝絵』、『本朝法華験記』などが挙げられる。
English: Other stories, such as "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter," which is said to be earliest tale written in kana, were also included.
Japanese: また、平安時代の最初の仮名の物語といわれる『竹取物語』なども取り込まれている。
English: The original text (the Suzuka manuscript) is written in simple, mixed kanji-kana sentences (mixed Japanese and Chinese, in katakana, not hiragana), and the style is relatively free of decoration.
Japanese: 原文（鈴鹿本）は平易な漢字仮名交じり文（和漢混交文）（ただし、ひらがなではなくカタカナである）で書かれ、その文体はあまり修辞に凝らないものである。
English: Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA praised it as having 'a beautiful freshness' and 'a barbaric luster.'
Japanese: 芥川龍之介は「美しいなまなましさ」「野蛮に輝いている」と評している。
English: With a light, easy tempo and plentiful narrative in colloquial language, its style is readily differentiated from typical Heian literature.
Japanese: 話のテンポも軽妙で口語といった語りもふんだんに用いられ、典型的な平安文学とは一線を画している仕様になっている。
English: It was written under the policy, as far as possible, of making clear exactly what person from what region each story is about, leaving intentional blanks in the sentences when this was not clear, with the expectation that they would be filled in at a future date.
Japanese: 極力、どの地域の、何という人の話かということを明記する方針で書かれ、それらが明らかでない場合には意識的な空欄を設け、他日の補充を期す形で文章が構成されている。
English: For example, even if the source used for a tale begins with 'Once upon a time, there was an old man and an old woman,' and the exact names are unknown, when that source is included in "The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past," it is written 'At a time now past, there was a man named [BLANK] from the country of [BLANK],' so that if in the future the information becomes clear, it can be added immediately.
Japanese: 例えば、典拠となった文献で「昔々、あるところにおじいさんとおばあさんがいました」という書き出しから始まる説話があり、その人名が具体的には伝わっていない場合であっても、その話を『今昔物語集』に収録する際には「今ハ昔、　ノ国ニ　トイフ人アリケリ」との形で記述され、後日それらの情報が明らかになった場合には直ちに加筆できる仕様になっている。
English: The use of so many deliberate omissions as an editing policy is a major feature of this particular setsuwa collection.
Japanese: このような編纂意図から発生した意識的な欠落部分が非常に多いのが、本説話集の大きな特徴である。
English: Volume 21 is missing, but given the order of arrangement it is thought that setsuwa related to the Imperial Family were intended to be in this volume.
Japanese: 巻第二十一は欠巻であるが、配列順からここには天皇家に関する説話が入る予定であったと考えられている。
English: Because it was lost for a long time, it is difficult to say that it had any influence on medieval setsuwa literature such as "A Collection of Tales from Uji," which is representative of later setsuwa literature.
Japanese: 死蔵期間が長期に渡っていたため、後の説話文学の代表格といえる『宇治拾遺物語』など中世の説話文学に何らかの影響を与えたとは言いがたい。
English: Among them, "Rashomon" (the novel) and "Nose" by Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA, of the Taisho period, are famous.
Japanese: 中でも大正時代の芥川龍之介による『羅生門(小説)』と『鼻(芥川龍之介)』は有名。
English: "Hogen Monogatari" is a war tale that describes the Hogen Disturbance.
Japanese: 『保元物語』（ほうげんものがたり）は保元の乱の顛末を描いた軍記物語である。
English: It was written in a mixture of Japanese and Chinese, focusing especially on the Hogen Disturbance of 1156 and also dealing with the circumstances before and after the conflict.
Japanese: 保元元年（1156年）に起こった保元の乱を中心に、その前後の事情を和漢混淆文で描く。
English: Emperor Sutoku was forced to abdicate the throne by Emperor Toba, so Sutoku-in raised an army upon the demise of the Cloistered Emperor Toba.
Japanese: 鳥羽天皇の崇徳天皇への譲位問題より始まり、鳥羽法皇が崩御したのをきっかけに崇徳院が挙兵。
English: Centering on a struggle for succession to the Imperial Throne between Sutoku-in and Emperor Goshirakawa, it includes accounts of Sutoku's retreat, the following Heiji Disturbance and signs of the Genpei War of the Jisho-Jyuei era.
Japanese: 崇徳院と後白河天皇との皇位継承争いを軸に、崇徳側の敗退、以降の平治の乱、治承・寿永の源平合戦の予兆までを記す。
English: The rivalry between the Sekkan (regent) houses FUJIWARA no Tadamichi versus FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the rivalry between the Minamoto clans MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo versus MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, and the rivalry between the Heike families TAIRA no Kiyomori versus TAIRA no Tadamasa are interwoven in the tale.
Japanese: 藤原忠通、藤原頼長の摂関家の対立、源義朝と源為義の源氏の対立、平清盛と平忠正との平家の対立が加わる。
English: The details differ among the versions of the tale, but each of them features a splendid work of MINAMOTO no Tametomo.
Japanese: 細かい内容は諸本によって差異があるが、何れも源為朝の活躍がメインとなっている。
English: Moreover, it shows sympathy for the losers, Sutoku and Yorinaga, including Tametomo's father MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, and this perspective on the losers can be said to be a theme in this work.
Japanese: また為朝の父の源為義をはじめ、敗者となった崇徳・頼長らに同情的であり、この敗者への視点が本作品の主題ともいえる。