nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As a result, it was decided that, as Daijo-daijin was ultimately the Emperor's teacher, a virtuous person who had rendered distinguished service should be appointed, and he would not have political power, and would not get involved in political affairs of Daijokan (however, when also serving as Regent or Kanpaku,chief adviser to the Emperor), he would have political power consequent to that position).
Japanese: その結果、太政大臣は、あくまでも天皇の師範として有徳の功労者が任命される職であって政治的権力を有さず、太政官の公事には関与しないこととされた（ただし、摂政・関白を兼ねる場合にはその権限に由来する政治的権限を持つことになる）。
English: As the influence of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan extended, for the 250 year period from FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa (served 857-872) until MINAMOTO no Masazane (served 1122-1124), the Fujiwara clan maintained a monopoly.
Japanese: 藤原北家の勢力が伸びるにつれて、藤原良房（857年-872年在任）以降、源雅実（1122年-1124年在任）まで250年の間、藤原氏に独占され続けた。
English: After the end of the Heian period, as a rule only members of Sekke (line of regents and advisers) or the Seiga family (one of the highest court noble families in Japan at that time) were qualified to serve, but in the Edo period it seems that only former Sessho and Kanpaku were appointed to Daijodaijin.
Japanese: 平安時代末期以後、原則的に摂家・清華家の者のみが務める資格を持ったが、江戸時代には摂関経験者だけが太政大臣に任じられたようである。
English: The six Daijo-daijin from samurai families were TAIRA no Kiyomori, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and Ienari TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 武家出身の太政大臣は、平清盛・足利義満・豊臣秀吉・徳川家康・徳川秀忠・徳川家斉の6例。
English: Investiture of Daijo-daijin while living was rare, but as a posthumous honor, it was sometimes given to Sessho and Kanpaku, to maternal grandfathers of the emperor, and to Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") in the Edo period
Japanese: 生前の叙任が少ない太政大臣は、死後の贈官として、摂関、天皇の外祖父、江戸時代の征夷大将軍などに贈られることがある。
English: When the post of Daijo-daijin was given after death for meritorious service performed in life, it was "Zo Daijo-daijin" (the Grand Minister, posthumously conferred).
Japanese: こうした生前の功績に対して、没後に太政大臣官職を贈られた場合には、「贈太政大臣」となる。
English: There are also cases of people who were de facto regents to the Shogun, such as Nobunaga ODA, who died without being invested with the title but were given it in a later era (the Taisho period); in fact, immediately after his death he was given the title Juichii Daijo-daijin, but this was changed to Shoichii in the Taisho period.
Japanese: また織田信長のように事実上の執権者が叙任を受けずに死亡したことを鑑みて、後世（大正時代）に改めて追贈された例もある（正確には、死の直後に従一位太政大臣が贈位され、大正時代に正一位が改めて贈られた）。
English: Nyoin indicates a title bestowed upon a woman, such as the three empresses (grand empress dowager, empress dowager, empress) or an equivalent status (jugo, honorary rank next to the three Empresses and princess, etc.) and is a system that continued from the middle of the Heian period until the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 女院（にょいん/にょういん）とは、三后（太皇太后・皇太后・皇后）や、それに準ずる身位（准后、内親王など）の女性に宣下された称号を指し、平安時代中期から明治維新まで続いた制度である。
English: "In" means a retired emperor, and "Nyoin" means a woman who gets treated in a similar fashion.
Japanese: 「院」はすなわち太上天皇、「女院」とはそれに準ずる待遇を受けた女性のことである。
English: Imitating a cloistered emperor, she created In no cho (Retired Emperor's Office), appoint betto (chief officer), hogandai (an administrative official of the Retired-Emperor's Office), shutendai (secretary of the In no tsukasa) and other officers, rule the court, and replenish the Kurodo (Chamberlain).
Japanese: 上皇に倣って院庁を置き、別当・判官代・主典代その他諸司を任じ、殿上を定め、蔵人を補した。
English: But during the reign on Emperor Ichijo, in 991, when Empress Dowager FUJIWARA no Senshi was tonsured, she had the good fortune to be given the title of Tosanjoin at the same time as she quit her palace position of empress dowager, and a "Nyoin" was born.
Japanese: ところが一条天皇の代、正暦2年（991年）皇太后藤原詮子落飾の際、皇太后宮職を停めると同時に、優詔あって東三条院の院号が贈られ、「女院」が出現したのである。
English: Originally, the title of Nyoin was bestowed only to empresses, especially to those who had become a kokumo (mother of an Emperor); after Princess Shoshi, the daughter of Emperor Gorezei's chugu (second consort), was made Nyoin (Nijoin) in 1074, however, some women received the title simply because of their noble bloodlines, rather than because they had given birth to a child of the emperor.
Japanese: 初期の女院号宣下は后妃の中でも特に国母となった者に限られて行われたが、承保元年（1074年）の後冷泉天皇中宮章子内親王の院号宣下（二条院）以後、所生はなくても尊貴な出自を以って院号を得る例が加わった。
English: (However, in the case of Princess Shoshi, some say that she was made Nyoin as a means to open up the empress position so there could be a new empress)
Japanese: （ただし章子内親王の場合、新たに立后する妃のために后位を空ける手段として女院にされたとする説がある）
English: In addition, the system of making an imperial princess an honorary empress (a woman who was not the consort of the emperor but nonetheless held the title of empress) to serve as a foster mother to the emperor began with Imperial Princess Teishi (Ikuhomon-in), daughter of Emperor Shirakawa; this system was later extended to allow "院" (a kanji pronounced "in" that means "imperial court") to be added to the end of the title of an honorary empress by imperial decree, and the system was further extended by Princess Akiko (Hachijo-in) in 1161 to allow "院" to be added to the title of any female member of the imperial family.
Japanese: また、皇女を准母立后による尊称皇后（天皇の配偶ではない称号のみの后）とする制度が白河天皇皇女媞子内親王（郁芳門院）を契機として確立すると、院号宣下の対象も尊称皇后にまで拡大、さらに応保元年（1161年）のあき子内親王（八条院）によって、后位を経ずに院号宣下される道も開かれた。
English: As a result, use of the Nyoin title, especially for imperial princesses, expanded dramatically, but as a rule it was bestowed on those who were one of empress, emperor's birth mother, or princess; Princess Eikamonin Mizuko (Prince Munetaka's daughter, Emperor Gouda's wife) in 1302, and Kitayamain Yasuko HINO (wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA) in 1407 were extremely unusual.
Japanese: この結果、特に内親王で女院号宣下を受ける例が大幅に増えたが、原則として宣下の対象は后妃・天皇生母・内親王のいずれかであることが前提であり、乾元(日本)元年（1302年）の永嘉門院瑞子女王（宗尊親王女、後宇多天皇後宮）や、応永14年（1407年）の北山院日野康子（足利義満室）などは非常な異例だといえる。
English: From the end of the Heian period into the Kamakura period, influenced by internal strife and ryoto tetsuritsu (alternate accedence from two ancestries of imperial families), there was a flood of use of the Nyoin title, and at one time the number of Nyoin was in the tens.
Japanese: 平安末期から鎌倉時代にかけて、内乱や両統迭立に影響され、女院号の宣下が氾濫し、一時には十数人にのぼる女院がいた。
English: Among these there appeared many princesses who were given a title as a prelude to territorial succession, and some were given the title the same day as they formaly became princess/jugo.
Japanese: この内、皇女が所領相続の前奏として院号を与えられた例が多く見られ、内親王宣下・准后宣旨ののち、即日院号という場合もある。
English: The power of the princesses given huge manors was great, and Hachijoin, Senyomonin and Princess Kuniko were examples of those who used wealth to get a look at politics.
Japanese: もっとも、厖大な荘園群を譲られた姫宮の権勢は大変なもので、富を利用して政治に睨みをきかした八条院、宣陽門院、邦子内親王などはその代表である。
English: Later, from the Muromachi period to the early Edo period, both investiture of the crown ｐrincess and princesses came to an end, as a result of which there was a long period in which only the emperor's birth mother became Nyoin.
Japanese: その後室町時代から江戸時代初期にかけて、立后・内親王宣下が共に途絶え、その結果天皇生母のみが女院となる時代が長く続いた。
English: However, from Emperor Gomizunoo's empress Masako TOKUGAWA (Tofukumonin) Nyoin from an empress was revived, and there were Nyoin from among the princesses, such as Reiseimonin, but it was abolished at the time of the Meiji Restoration, with Naoko OGIMACHI (Shintaikenmonin, Emperor Komei's birth mother) as the last.
Japanese: しかし後水尾天皇中宮徳川和子（東福門院）以後后からの女院が復活、また内親王からの女院として礼成門院のような例もあったが、正親町雅子（新待賢門院、孝明天皇生母）を最後に明治維新の時に廃止される。
English: After that, even though there were calls to revive the Nyoin in regard to the treatment of Yoshiko NAKAYAMA and Naruko YANAGIHARA (birth mothers of Emperor Meiji and Emperor Taisho, respectively), there was a lot of opposition and it did not come to fruition.
Japanese: その後、中山慶子・柳原愛子（それぞれ明治天皇・大正天皇の生母）の待遇を巡り、女院を復活させる意見も出たものの、反対論が多く実現されなかった。
English: Unlike an ingo (a posthumous title) given to an emperor or retired emperor, the name of a Nyoin (hereafter Nyoingo) was given during her lifetime by Ingo-sadame (imperial decree).
Japanese: 女院の名称（以下女院号）は、天皇や上皇の院号とは異なり生前の時点で院号定（いんごうさだめ）により決定される。
English: Looking at the first two Nyoin, Higashi Sanjoin's title was based on Higashi Sanjo-dono Palace, and Jotomonin's was based on Jotomon-dai (aka Tsuchimikado-dai; another name for Jotomon in Daidairi, the Greater Imperial Palace was "Tuchimikado," and the road that ran through it was called Tsuchimikado Oji or Jotomon Oji), both came from the ridai (palace outside the Imperial enclosure).
Japanese: 最初の二人の女院に即して見ると、東三条院の称号は東三条殿によって、上東門院の称号は上東門第（土御門第の別名）（大内裏の上東門は別名を「土御門」といい、そこに通じる道路は土御門大路または上東門大路と呼ばれた）によってと、いずれも里第に由来した。
English: The next Princess Teishi, the mansions that she inherited were Biwa-dono Palace on Konoe Oji (aka Yomeimon Oji) which runs through Daidairi's Yomei-mon Gate, and Oi-dono on Oi-no-mikado Oji which runs through Daidairi's Ikuho-mon Gate, so her title had a "mon" because of that.
Japanese: 続く禎子内親王・てい子内親王も、伝領した邸宅がそれぞれ大内裏の陽明門に通じる近衛大路（別名を陽明門大路）に面する枇杷殿、大内裏の郁芳門に通じる大炊御門大路に面する大炊殿で、それに因む門院号であった。
English: However, after Taikenmonin in 1124, it became standard practice for Nyoingo to be given regardless of place of residence.
Japanese: しかし、天治元年（1124年）の待賢門院以後、女院号は御在所に関わりなく宣下されることが通例化した。
English: It is known from records that Nyoingo was chosen from among several proposed candidates, and the decision was based not only on the ridai or monin name, but also whether the characters were good or not or whether it resembles an unlucky predecessor, and it was considered from various angles such as not repeating an existing title.
Japanese: 女院号の決定には、まず複数の候補が挙げられた中から選ばれたことが記録から判り、選定に当たっては里第名や門院名だけでなく、字が良いかどうかや不吉な先例に似ていないか、また既に存在する院号と重複しないか等、様々な角度から検討された。
English: In the case of emperors and retired emperors the same ingo would be used again with "Go" (later) prefixed, but it is notable that Nyoin titles mostly had the prefix "Shin" (new) (Kishi SAIONJI is the only exception); and whereas Nyoingo that repeated ex-emperors' ingo were not used, duplication of Nyoin titles was not considered when deciding an emperor's ingo, as in the case of Emperor Nijo who was preceded by the Nyoingo Nijoin.
Japanese: なお天皇・上皇の院号の場合「後」を冠して重複する院号を使用したが、女院号は殆どが「新」を冠したのも特徴のひとつであり（西園寺禧子のみ例外）、また院号と重複する女院号は採用されなかったのに対し、逆に院号を決める際には、二条天皇のように先例である女院号の二条院との重複は考慮されなかったと見られる。
English: The first example was FUJIWARA no Shoshi, who was originally named after the ridai, but Jotomonin, who was the mother of the two successive emperors, was cited as a good example; this became the ingo for a majority of all Nyoin.
Japanese: 初例は藤原彰子で、元々は里第に由来する命名だが、二代の国母となった上東門院は佳例であるとされたこともあり、女院全体の過半数を占める院号となった。
English: At first it was limited to Kinmon gates (14 gates in the outer wall that encloses Daidairi), but after TAIRA no Shigeko in 1169, palace gates (7 gates in the wall that encloses the outer Dairi), inner gates (12 gates in the inner wall that encloses the middle Dairi) and naikakumon gates, as well as the names of gates of Chodoin (an office at the Heijo-kyo Palace) and Burakuin were used.
Japanese: 始めは禁門（大内裏を囲む外郭十四門）に限られたが、嘉応元年（1169年）の平滋子以降は宮門（内裏の外重を囲む外郭七門）や内門（内裏の中重を囲む内郭十二門）、内閤門、その他朝堂院・豊楽院の門名なども取り入れられた。
English: They are the branch offices that the bakufu established in the north and south of Rokuhara, Kyoto by reorganizing the existing Kyoto shugo (Kyoto military governor) after the Jokyu War in 1221.
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱ののち、幕府がそれまでの京都守護を改組し京都六波羅の北と南に設置した出先機関。
English: As the postwar settlement after the Jokyu War, the territories of the court nobles and samurai who supported the retired Emperor Gotoba were forfeited and redistributed to the gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) as rewards.
Japanese: 承久の乱の戦後処理として、後鳥羽上皇方に加担した公家・武士などの所領が没収され、御家人に恩賞として再分配された。
English: These were shoen (manor in medieval Japan) which were not governed by the bakufu until then, and many were in the west where bakufu's authority was hard to reach.
Japanese: これらは、それまで幕府の支配下になかった荘園で、幕府の権限が及び難い西国に多くあった。
English: Additionally, the bakufu-side had to constantly monitor and control the movement of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: また、幕府側は、朝廷方の動きを常に監視し、これを制御する必要が出てきた。
English: Therefore, they renovated the old home of TAIRA no Kiyomori which was located in Rokuhara, south of Shirakawa City, where they could instantaneously grasp movements at the Imperial Court, into a government office, and stationed Yasutoki HOJO and Tokifusa HOJO in the north and south of Rokuhara for this task, while gokenin from the west were reorganized to guard Kyoto, monitor the Imperial Court, perform military operations, etc.
Japanese: そこで、朝廷の動きをいち早く掴める白河市南の六波羅にあった旧平清盛邸を改築して役所にし、北条泰時・北条時房の二人が六波羅の北と南に駐留してこの作業にあたり、西国の御家人を組織し直して京の警備・朝廷の監視・軍事行動などを行わせた。
English: The Tandai was considered the most important post following shikken (regent for shogun) and rensho (assistant to shikken), and traditionally, one person each was chosen for Kitakata and Minamikata from the Hojo clan to perform government affairs.
Japanese: 探題は執権・連署に次ぐ重職とされ、伝統的に北条氏から北方・南方の各一名が選ばれて政務に当たった。
English: Young and promising personnel from the Hojo clan were often chosen for Tandai, and many were promoted to shikken or rensho after returning to Kamakura.
Japanese: 探題には北条氏一族でも将来有望な若い人材が選ばれる事が多く、鎌倉に帰還後には執権・連署にまで昇進する者が多くいた。
English: Additionally, subordinate organizations pursuant to organizations in Kamakura such as hyojoshu (members of Council of State) were set up under it.
Japanese: また、その下には評定衆などの鎌倉の組織に準じた下部組織なども置かれた。
English: Rokuhara Tandai was under the direct command of the bakufu instead of the Imperial Court, and had a judicial function for dealing with trouble between jito and kokushi (provincial governor), maintained security in the outskirts of Kyoto, monitored the Imperial Court, and acted as agents in the imperial throne decision making.
Japanese: 六波羅探題は、朝廷では無く幕府の直接指揮下にあり、西国で起きた地頭と国司などのトラブルを処理する裁判機能、京都周辺の治安維持、朝廷の監視、皇位決定の取り次ぎなどを行った。
English: Additionally, in 1275, the year following Bunei Battle, the function of Rokuhara Tandai was further enhanced, and authority for punishing gokenin and the trial system was enhanced.
Japanese: 更に文永の役翌年の建治元年（1275年）には六波羅探題の機能はさらに強化され、御家人処罰の権限と裁判制度が充実された。
English: Occasionally, the government official punishing dominant temples and shrines received punishment such as banishment due to pressure from monk soldiers who were gaining power at the time, and for example in 1229, the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) engaging in illegal activities at Hiyoshi-jinja Shrine, which was under the umbrella of Enryaku-ji Temple, ignored the restraint order by Tamekiyo MIYOSHI (三善為清), who served under Tokiuji HOJO of Tandai North, and was killed by Tamekiyo's subordinate.
Japanese: 時には有力寺社への処分を行った担当官吏が、当時力をつけていた僧兵の圧力により流刑などの処分を受けるという事態も起きており、例として寛喜元年（1229年）に不法を働いていた延暦寺傘下の日吉神社の神人が、探題北方北条時氏の配下三善為清の制止命令を無視し為清の部下に斬られた件がある。
English: Enryaku-ji Temple made a protest to the bakufu about this, and Rokuhara Tandai presented evidence to show there was no negligence on the part of Tamekiyo and the subordinate, but the bakufu condemned Tamekiyo to banishment to avoid confrontation with Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: これについて延暦寺が幕府に抗議をし、六波羅探題は為清主従に過失がなかった証拠を提示したが、幕府は延暦寺との対立を避けて為清を流刑にしている。
English: Additionally, special envoys called "toshi" (messenger from the Kamakura bakufu), who were directly sent from the bakufu, were in some cases, granted authority to directly negotiate with the Imperial Court or to command the Tandai, and such authority was constantly restrained by the central power of the bakufu.
Japanese: また、幕府から直接派遣された「東使」と称される特使が朝廷との直接交渉や探題への指揮の権限を与えられる事例もあり、その権限は常に幕府中枢によって掣肘を加えられていたと言ってよい。
English: Therefore, those familiar with the situation, did not favor a post at the Rokuhara.
Japanese: そのため、その事情をよく知る者の中には六波羅への赴任を嫌う者もいたと言われる。
English: In 1333, when the Genko War erupted from Emperor Godaigo's anti-shogunate movement, Takauji ASHIKAGA, Doyo SASAKI, and Enshin AKAMATSU responded to the Emperor's order and attacked Kyoto.
Japanese: 元弘3年/正慶2年（1333年）に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動から元弘の乱が起こると、令旨に応じた足利尊氏や佐々木道誉・赤松円心らは京を攻めた。
English: Thus, Nakatoki HOJO, the Tandai at the time, and others were forced to leave Kyoto, and Rokuhara Tandai vanished.
Japanese: これによって当時の探題であった北条仲時らは京を追われ、六波羅探題は消滅した。
English: Kyoto City Rokuhara Elementary School stands now in its location, and there is the Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple nearby.
Japanese: その跡地は現在京都市立六原小学校になり、近隣には六波羅蜜寺が存在する。
English: It ranked below Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and above Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) (Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade)). Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), those ranked Ninsangi and Jusanmi or higher were called kugyo (court noble).
Japanese: 正三位の下、正四位（正四位上）の上に位した、律令制下では任参議及び従三位以上の者を公卿といった。
English: Under the ritsuryo system, Jusanmi or higher ranks were called "ki" (literally, noble) or star ranks, and were court ranks for senior kizoku (noble).
Japanese: 律令制下においては、従三位以上を『貴』と称し、また星の位ともいわれ、上級貴族の位階であった。
English: When contrasted with kunto (Order of Merit), it corresponds to Kunnito (Order of Second Class), and those with Shoshiinojo Sangi (councilor) and Jusanmi or higher court ranks were considered kugyo or kandachime (court noble).
Japanese: 勲等との対比では勲二等に比例し、正四位上参議及び従三位以上の官位にある者を公卿、上達部とした。
English: Under the ritsuryo system, those with ranks Shoshiinojo Sangi, Jusanmi, or higher added 'Ason' (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) under their family names and a title of honor, 'kyo,' was added under their first names (imina (real name)), while those who served as a minister were given a title of honor, 'ko.'
Japanese: 律令制下においては、正四位上参議及び従三位以上の有位者は氏の下に「朝臣」の姓を名乗り、さらに名（諱）の下に「卿」の敬称が付され、さらに大臣の任にある者への敬称は「公」とされた。
English: Instead, those who were Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) or higher, but not a kugyo, added 'Ason' under their family names and imina.
Japanese: 代わりに、従四位以上で公卿でない者については、氏と諱の下に「朝臣」を名乗った。
English: Additionally, when a kugyo ranking Sanmi or higher died, the term kokyo was used, as was the case with the imperial family, to describe their death.
Japanese: また、三位以上の公卿が亡くなった場合、皇族同様、死去のことを薨去と称する。
English: In addition, those ranking Sanmi or higher were allowed to establish a mandokoro (administrative division of a high-rank family) as an agency for the household, and had Shikiji Jusanmi Karei (butler), Shoshoinoge Shikiji Sanmi Keshori as keishi (personnel in charge of household affairs).
Japanese: また、三位以上の者は自らの家政機関として、政所を開くことを許され、家司として職事従三位家令、少初位下職事三位家書吏とした。
English: In kani soto (corresponding relationship between court ranks of government officials and government posts), the corresponding government officials for Jusanmi are Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices, danjoin (President of the Board of Censors), Chunagon (Vice-councilor of state), left and right Konoe-Daisho (commander of the inner palace guard division), etc., but in reality, the Imperial Prince often served as the Dazai no sochi, Konoe-Daisho was routinely doubled by the Sadaijin (minister of the left) and Udaijin (minister of the right), and those with Sanmi often became left or right Konoe-Chujo (lieutenant general of the inner palace guard division).
Japanese: 官位相当において従三位に相当する官職としては、大宰帥、弾正尹、中納言、左右の近衛大将などがあるが、実際には太宰帥は親王が任官する例が多く、近衛大将は左大臣及び右大臣が兼官する場合が慣例化し、三位にある者は左右の近衛中将となる場合が多かった。
English: In the Heian period, until TAIRA no Kiyomori became the first samurai to become kugyo, the highest rank for both Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) and Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) was Shoshii.
Japanese: 平安時代、平清盛が武士として初めて公卿になる以前は、清和源氏、桓武平氏とも正四位を極位とした。
English: Thus, when MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), who had become a tributary of the Minamoto clan at that time, became the first from the Minamoto clan to be promoted to Jusanmi, after the Taira family were granted Sanmi and higher ranks, it was considered exceptional and was referred to as Genzanmi.
Japanese: このため、平家一門が三位以上に列せられたのに続いて、当時、源氏の傍流となっていた摂津源氏の源頼政が、源氏として初めて従三位に昇った際には、異例とされ、世に源三位（げんざんみ）と称された。
English: From the Muromachi period onward, the rank of Jusanmi was granted to successive generations of members of the Ashikaga Shogunate and the Kamakura Shogunate, as well as to Yoshishige SHIBA and Yoshitoshi SHIBA of the Shiba clan, members of whom held the position of kanrei (deputy to shogun).
Japanese: 室町時代以降、従三位は歴代の足利将軍家連枝や鎌倉公方が叙せられた他、管領の斯波氏では斯波義重、斯波義敏が叙せられた。
English: Additionally, Mochikuni HATAKEYAMA who supported the shogunate as kanrei was also promoted to Jusanmi, and there are cases of the rank being granted to powerful members of the Ashikaga family.
Japanese: また、管領として幕政を支えた畠山持国も従三位に昇っており有力な足利一門に叙位の例がみられる。
English: Furthermore, in the late Muromachi period, Masanori AKAMATSU, a powerful Shugo (provincial constable), was granted the rank, and gradually, dominant daimyo (feudal lord) other than the Ashikaga clan began to be granted the rank.
Japanese: その他、室町時代後期には有力守護の赤松政則が叙せられるなど次第に足利氏以外の有力大名の叙位も見られるようになった。
English: In particular, appointment of the rank from the beginning to the middle of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) includes Yoshioki OUCHI who prospered as kanreidai (deputy kanrei), Motonobu TAKEDA of Wakasa Province, and Yoshisuke ITO of Hyuga Province.
Japanese: 特に戦国時代初頭から中期にかけての叙位任官の事例をみると管領代として隆盛を誇った大内義興、若狭国の武田元信、日向国の伊東義祐も叙せられ叙位の例が見える。
English: Among daimyo other than tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country) and their families, Jusanmi was the highest rank, but Yoshitaka OUCHI was promoted from Jusanmi to Junii (Junior Second Rank), and with time, there were more cases going beyond Jusanmi.
Japanese: 天下人とその一門以外の大名においては、事実上、この従三位が最高位となったが、大内義隆は従三位を経て、従二位まで昇叙するなど、時代を経るにつれ従三位を越える例も増えた。
English: Nobunaga ODA, who later becomes Udaijin also at one time held this rank, and his eldest son Nobutada ODA's rank was Jusanmi Sakone no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 後に右大臣に昇る織田信長の一時期この位にあり、その嫡男　織田信忠は従三位左近衛中将の位にあった。
English: After Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who became the first Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) from a samurai family, conquered the country, samurai were increasingly promoted to high ranks, and Sanmi was granted to the clan and daimyo such as Kagemasa UESUGI and Terumoto MORI.
Japanese: 武家初の関白となった豊臣秀吉が天下統一を果たして以降は、武家が高位に昇る例が増え一門や上杉景勝、毛利輝元などの大名に三位が与えられた。
English: Under the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the inheriting grandson of the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family), the gosankyo (three Tokugawa clan families who separated from the clan), and the lord of Kaga Domain who wedded the daughter of the Shogun were granted the rank.
Japanese: 江戸幕府の下では、征夷大将軍の嫡孫、徳川御三家、御三卿、将軍の息女を正室とした加賀藩の藩主などが叙せられた。
English: In modern days, Jusanmi corresponds to Shishaku (viscount) in shakui (the rank of nobility), and ranks granted to bukekazoku (samurai families from the Edo period becoming nobles in the Meiji period) who had many Shishaku were notable.
Japanese: 近代以降、従三位は爵位のうち子爵に相当し、子爵の多い武家華族などの叙位例が顕著である。
English: Today, it is commonly granted posthumously to persons who made similar achievements as former Diet members, prefectural governors, or scholars who received conferment of the Kunnito (Order of Second Class).
Japanese: 今日では主に国会議員、都道府県知事経験者や学者などで勲二等の叙勲を受けた者と同等の功績を挙げた者が死後に叙位されることが一般的である。
English: Shoshii was divided into Upper and Lower under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and it ranked below Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and above Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank).
Japanese: 正四位は律令制下においては上下に分けられ、従三位の下、従四位の上に位する。
English: In kunto (Order of Merit), it corresponds to Kunyonto (Fourth Class of Order), and Kami (director) and Suke (assistant director) of government officials in Kyoto such as Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) and Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices) who perform administration in the Imperial Court corresponded to this court rank.
Japanese: 勲等では、勲四等に相当し、官位相当では左京大夫、右京大夫など朝廷内の行政を司る京官の長官ないし次官相当の官職がこの位階に相当していた。
English: The title of honor for those ranked Jushiinoge or higher and Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), and who were not listed as kugyo (court noble) was basically Nanori Ason, in which Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) was added under their family names or imina (real name).
Japanese: 従四位下以上、正四位上の有位者で公卿に列していないものについては、その者の敬称は氏及び諱の下に朝臣を付ける、名乗り朝臣が基本である。