nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Tokugawa Gosanke, also simply called Gosanke, refers to the following three families of the Tokugawa clan that were second in rank to the Tokugawa Shogunate Family.
Japanese: 徳川御三家は、単に御三家（ごさんけ）ともいい、徳川氏のうち徳川将軍家（将軍家）に次ぐ地位の次の3家のこと。
English: They were in the highest position among Tokugawa's relatives, and were privileged to refer to themselves as Tokugawa, along with Tokugawa Shogunate Family and Gosankyo (three other privileged branches of the Tokugawa family), and to use the family crest of Mitsuba-aoi (three leaves of hollyhock).
Japanese: 親藩（一門）のうち最高位にあり、将軍家や御三卿とともに徳川姓を名乗ることや三つ葉葵の家紋使用が許される。
English: Mitsuba-aoi were slightly different between each family; the hollyhock crest with a front view of three leaves was only used by Seii taishogun (literally, "the great general who subdues the barbarians") while the one with two front-sided and one back-sided leaves was for the Owari family, the one with one front-sided and two back-sided leaves was for the Kishu family, and the one with three back-sided leaves was for the Mito family.
Japanese: 三表葵御紋は征夷大将軍のみで尾張家は二表一裏葵御紋、紀伊家は一表二裏葵御紋、水戸家は三裏葵御紋であるから三つ葉葵にも各家若干の違いがある。
English: While it is said by some that Tokugawa Gosanke assisted the head family or Seii taishogun, this was not officially defined as a system or official post.
Japanese: 宗家（征夷大将軍）を補佐する役目にあるとも言われているが、制度・役職として定められたものではない。
English: It is also said that they had originally been intended by Ieyasu for the head family to continue, in preparation for when the family's lineage became extinct.
Japanese: 元は、宗家の後嗣が絶えた時に備え、家康が宗家存続のために遺したものであるとも言われる。
English: Since the Mito family founded by Yorifusa only received the honor of taking the name of Tokugawa after the Suruga family became extinct in 1636, they were lower in rank and grade than the other two families; however, they reported to the Emperor on the next shogun family, and they worked full time in Edo, so that they came to be called Gosanke when Tsunayoshi became the fifth shogun.
Japanese: 水戸家は頼房が駿河家断絶後の1636年（寛永13年）に徳川賜姓された家であり、他の2家よりも官位・官職の点では下ではあるが、朝廷に対して次期将軍家の奏聞をし、また、江戸常勤であることなどから五代綱吉のころから御三家と呼ばれる。
English: If the shogun family had no inheritors, it was supposed to adopt a son from the Owari or Kishu families; the shoguns from Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth, through Iemochi TOKUGAWA, the fourteenth, came from the Kishu family.
Japanese: 将軍家に後嗣が絶えた時は、尾張家か紀州家から養子を出すことになっており、8代将軍徳川吉宗から14代将軍徳川家茂までは紀州家の血筋である。
English: Gosanke, especially the Owari and Kishu families, were competitive against each other over the succession of shogunate, and it is believed that Yoshimune, who was from the Kishu family, and Muneharu TOKUGAWA, who was the head of the Owari family, were at odds, with the Owari family suspected to have poisoned Yoshimune.
Japanese: 御三家同士、特に尾張家と紀州家の間には将軍職の継承を巡って競争意識があり、紀州家出身の将軍吉宗と尾張家当主徳川宗春の間には吉宗の毒殺疑惑があり確執があったとされている。
English: The fifteenth shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was of the Mito family, but he became a member of the shogun family after being adopted into the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family, one of Gosankyo.
Japanese: なお最後の15代将軍徳川慶喜は水戸家出身だが、御三卿の一橋徳川家への養子を経て将軍家を継承した。
English: In the early Edo period, the three families, consisting of the Tokugawa head family, along with the Owari-Tokugawa and Kishu-Tokugawa families, were sometimes called Gosanke, and the three dainagon (major counselor) families consisting of the Owari and Kishu families, with the addition of the Suruga-Tokugawa family (Tadanaga TOKUGAWA, the major counselor of Suruga, the third son of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, also called MATSUDAIRA), were also sometimes called Gosanke, although the Mito family was the family of chunagon (middle counselor) and considered lower in family status than the Owari and Kishu families.
Japanese: 江戸初期には、徳川将軍家である徳川宗家に尾張徳川家と紀州徳川家を加えた三家を御三家と呼ぶこともあり、また尾張家、紀州家に駿河徳川家（徳川忠長・駿河大納言、徳川秀忠の3男、松平姓とも）を加えた3つの大納言家（水戸家は中納言家）を指して御三家という場合もあり、水戸家は尾張・紀州と較べるとやや家格が劣ると見られていた。
English: In addition to the three families noted above and the Suruga family, the branch families of the Tokugawa shogun family included the Kofu-Tokugawa family (Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, Ienobu TOKUGAWA and the Matsudaira family of Sama no kami (Captain of the Left Division of Samaryo)) and the Tatebayashi-Tokugawa family (Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA and the Matsudaira family of Uma no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses)), who were equivalent in both crop yield and social standing; however, the Echizen-Matsudaira family, founded by Hideyasu YUKI, who was a son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and older brother of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and the Aizu-Matsudaira family, founded by Masayuki HOSHINA, who was a son of Hidetada and younger brother of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, were not privileged to claim to be TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: また、将軍家（徳川宗家）の分家としては、上記三家及び駿河家以外にも、3代将軍徳川家光の子を分封した甲府徳川家（徳川綱重・徳川家宣・松平左馬頭家）及び館林徳川家（徳川綱吉・松平右馬頭家）が、石高・家格ともに匹敵する家として存在した（但し徳川家康の子（徳川秀忠の兄）結城秀康を祖とする越前松平家、徳川秀忠の子（徳川家光の弟）保科正之を祖とする会津松平家などは徳川姓を許されていない）。
English: But when Tadanaga SURUGA was dismissed from the position and later killed himself, Tsunayoshi TATEBAYASHI became the fifth shogun, and Tsunatoyo KOFU, who was later renamed to Ienobu, became the sixth shogun and returned to the Tokugawa head family, these Tokugawa families died out and the Owari, Kishu and Mito families came to be commonly called Gosanke.
Japanese: しかし、駿河忠長が改易（後の自害）、館林綱吉が5代将軍となり、甲府綱豊が6代将軍（家宣と改名）として徳川宗家に戻り、これらの徳川家が消滅したため、尾張・紀州・水戸の三家を御三家と呼ぶことが定着した。
English: Therefore, in terms of official ranks, the Owari, Kishu and Suruga families were almost equivalent, as Goryoten, Gosankyo and the Mito families were almost equivalent and lower than Gosanke but higher than the Echizen-Matsudaira clan.
Japanese: よって官位だけでみると、尾張・紀伊・駿河の三家がほぼ同格、その格下に御両典・水戸家・御三卿がほぼ同格で、越前松平氏より上位という序列になる。
English: Basically, many of the vassals of Gosanke had the hereditary vassals from Mikawa Province as their ancestors just like the shogun family; some vassals of high rank were called 'tsukegaro' (vassals assigned directly by the shogun) who were treated like a great vassal of shogun, held a special position of superintendent officer, and were equivalent to daimyo with tens of thousands of crop yield, while vassals of daimyo were usually called 'baishin' (indirect vassal).
Japanese: 御三家の家臣は、基本的に将軍家と同様、三河以来の譜代家臣を祖とする者が多かったが、その中でも将軍直臣（じきしん）の扱い（大名の家臣は通常「陪臣（ばいしん）」と呼ばれる）を受け、特別に目付役の任を持ち、数万石レベルの大名に匹敵する「附家老（つけがろう）」と呼ばれる大身の家臣がいた。
English: Since Gosanke acted as a backup bloodline for the shogun family, they necessarily had their own branch domains as a reserve system in order for them to retain their family head, so they had branch families called Gorenshi or Renshi (brothers of prestigious noblemen).
Japanese: また、将軍家の血筋の予備としての御三家の性格上、御三家自身も当主を絶やさぬように血統の保存装置として支藩を持つ必要があり、御連枝（ごれんし）と呼ばれる分家を持った。
English: Takasu, Saijo and Takamatsu Domains were renshi of the Owari, Kishu and Mito families, respectively, and their family names were all Matsudaira; even in Gosanke, only the family heads and their heirs were privileged to use the name of Tokugawa as the names of others were Matsudaira.
Japanese: 尾張家の連枝・高須藩、紀州家の連枝・西条藩、水戸家の連枝・高松藩など、いずれも松平姓の諸藩である（なお、御三家も当主及び世子のみが徳川姓を許され、それ以外は松平姓である）。
English: For instance, Munenao TOKUGAWA of the Iyo-Saijo family became the head of the Kishu family when Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, previously the head of the Kishu family, joined the head family as the eighth shogun.
Japanese: たとえば紀州家当主だった徳川吉宗が8代将軍として宗家を嗣いだ際に紀州家当主となったのは、伊予西条家の徳川宗直である。
English: After the eighth shogun Yoshimune, Gosankyo, which was modeled after Gosanke, was established and served to offer heirs to the shogun family along with Gosanke.
Japanese: なお8代将軍吉宗以降は、御三家を模した御三卿が創設され、御三家と共に将軍家の嗣子を出す役目を担うことになった。
English: When the Tokugawa Shogun family was not blessed with a son to become the next Shogun, the Owari Tokugawa family along with two other Tokugawa Gosanke families held a right to nominate the successor of the Shogun from their families.
Japanese: 徳川将軍家に後継ぎがないときは他の御三家とともに後嗣を出す資格を有した。
English: However, the family, backing its family head Tsugutomo TOKUGAWA, lost in the competition for the Shogun's position which had occurred after the death of the seventh Shogun Ietsugu TOKUGAWA, and ultimately Yoshimune TOKUGAWA from the Kishu Tokugawa family assumed the eighth Shogun.
Japanese: しかし、七代将軍の徳川家継没後、徳川継友と将軍後継を争った末に、紀州徳川家出身の徳川吉宗が八代将軍に就任。
English: Afterward, Gosankyo (Three Lord: three junior collateral houses of the Tokugawa family) was established, so the Owari Tokugawa family was not able to produce a Seitaishogun (the formal title name of the Shogun, which originally means the commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians) to the end.
Japanese: その後には御三卿が創設されたため、結局、尾張家からは征夷大将軍を出せなかった。
English: The Takasu Matsudaira family, which governed Takasu Domain in Mino Province, was one of subsidiary line (called "Gorenshi") of the Owari Tokugawa family.
Japanese: 尾張德川家の支系（御連枝）として、美濃国高須藩を治めた高須松平家がある。
English: However, many of the family heads of both the Owari Tokugawa and Takasu Matsudaira families were short-lived; therefore, Yoshinao's direct male descendants died out in the Owari Tokugawa family in 1799, and in the Takasu Matsudaira family in 1801.
Japanese: しかし、共に短命の藩主が多く、1799年に尾張德川家、その1801年には高須松平家で、義直の男系子孫は断絶してしまう。
English: Yoshichika TOKUGAWA, the 19th family head of the Owari Tokugawa family adopted from the Echizen Matsudaira family, founded the Owari Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation (at present, the Tokugawa Reimeikai foundation).
Japanese: 越前松平家から養子に入った十九代当主徳川義親は、財団法人尾張徳川黎明会（現（財）徳川黎明会）を設立した。
English: In 1935, this foundation opened the Tokugawa Museum at the site of the second residence of the Owari Tokugawa family in Higashi Ward, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture.
Japanese: 1935年、愛知県名古屋市東区名古屋市)の尾張徳川家の別邸跡地に徳川美術館を開いた。
English: There, valuable cultural properties that had been handed down in the Owari Tokugawa family, including Genji Monogatari Emaki (illustrated hand scrolls of the Tale of Genji), are preserved and exhibited.
Japanese: 徳川美術館では、源氏物語絵巻をはじめとする尾張徳川家伝来の貴重な文化財を保存し公開している。
English: Tomoatsu (later, the third lord of Takasu Domain, Yoshiatsu; then, succeeded to the main family to become the eighth lord of Owari Domain, Munekatsu TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 友淳（ともあつ／のち高須藩三代藩主義淳、さらに宗家を継ぎ、尾張藩八代藩主徳川宗勝）
English: The eighth (the lord of the domain): Munekatsu TOKUGAWA (adopted; a son of the third lord of Takasu Domain, a branch domain of Owari; a grandson of the second lord, Mitsutomo)
Japanese: 八代（藩主）　徳川宗勝　（支藩高須藩三代藩主から養子、尾張藩二代藩主光友の孫）
English: The eleventh (the lord of the domain): Nariharu TOKUGAWA (adopted from the Tokugawa Shogun family; a biological son of the eleventh Shogun, Ienari TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 十一代（藩主）　徳川斉温　（なりはる／徳川将軍家から養子、十一代将軍徳川家斉の実子）
English: The twelfth (the lord of the domain): Naritaka TOKUGAWA (adopted from the Tayasu Tokugawa family; a biological son of the eleventh Shogun, Ienari TOKUGAWA.)
Japanese: 十二代（藩主）　徳川斉荘　（なりたか／田安徳川家から養子、十一代将軍徳川家斉の実子）
English: The fourteenth (the lord of the domain): Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (first called Yoshikumi; adopted from the lord family of Takasu Domain, a branch domain of Owari; a great-grandchild of the sixth lord of Mito Domain, Harumori TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 十四代（藩主）　徳川慶勝　（初め慶恕／よしくみ、支藩高須藩から養子、水戸藩六代藩主徳川治保の曾孫）
English: The fifteenth (the lord of the domain): Mochinaga (adopted; a son of the eleventh lord from of Takasu Domain, a branch domain of Owari; a biological younger brother of the fourteenth lord, Yoshikatsu)
Japanese: 十五代（藩主）　徳川茂徳　（もちなが／支藩高須藩十一代藩主から養子、十四代慶勝の実弟）
English: The eighteenth (a marquis): Yoshiakira TOKUGAWA (adopted from the Takamatsu Matsudaira family; his wife was a daughter of the seventeenth lord, Yoshikatsu)
Japanese: 十八代（侯爵）　徳川義礼　（高松藩松平（まつだいら）〔水戸（みと）〕家から養子、夫人は十七代慶勝の娘）
English: The nineteenth (a marquis): Yoshichika TOKUGAWA (adopted from the Echizen Matsudaira family; his wife was a daughter of the eighteenth lord, Yoshiakira)
Japanese: 十九代（侯爵）　徳川義親　（越前松平家から養子、夫人は十八代義礼の娘）
English: The Mito Tokugawa family was one of branches of the Tokugawa family rooted in Mito City in Hitachi Province, and one of Tokugawa Gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family).
Japanese: 水戸徳川家（みととくがわけ）は、常陸国水戸市にあった徳川氏の一支系で、徳川御三家のひとつ。
English: On October 24, 1606, Yorifusa TOKUGAWA, the 11th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, was given a fief of one hundred thousand koku (which yielded approx. 18 million liters of rice) in Shimotsuma in Hitachi Province, and started his own family.
Japanese: 1606年（慶長11）9月23日、徳川家康の十一男である徳川頼房が常陸国下妻10万石を与えられ家を興す。
English: The Mito Tokugawa family was founded by Yorifusa TOKUGAWA, the 11th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and governed Mito Domain throughout the Edo period.
Japanese: 徳川家康の十一男徳川頼房を家祖とし、江戸時代を通じて水戸藩を治めた。
English: The real kokudaka (a crop yield) of the family's fief was about 25 thousand koku (approx. 45 million liters of rice), but the family padded it caring the reputation as one of Tokugawa Gosanke, so formally it was announced as 38 thousand koku (approx. 68.4 million liters of rice).
Japanese: 領国の石高は実収が25万石程度であったが、御三家の格式を気にして高直しをした結果、公称は38万石であった。
English: The family crest of the head family of the Tokugawa clan (the linage of the Shogun) was Omote Aoi-no-Gomon (the family crest using front sides of three leaves of Hollyhock), in which front sides of Hollyhock leaves were depicted to represent the shogun's title 'Seii Taishogun' (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), while that of the Mito family was Ura Aoi-no-Gomon (the family crest using undersides of three leaves of Hollyhook); therefore, there exists an opinion which holds that officially the Mito family was not recognized as Tokugawa Gosanke.
Japanese: また、将軍家宗家が「征夷大将軍」と現すために三葉を表にした表葵御紋であるのに対して、水戸家の葵御紋は三葉が裏になった裏葵御紋が正紋であるために、正式には御三家ではない説がある。
English: Moreover, since Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the founder of the Kishu Tokugawa Family, and Yorifusa were brothers by the same mother (Yorinobu was the older), the Mito family had been considered to be a branch of the Kishu family for a while after its foundation.
Japanese: さらに、紀州徳川家の祖である徳川頼宣は同母兄であるので、ある時期まで紀州家の分家であると考られていた。
English: The Mito family's kyokkan (the highest rank one could be appointed in his lineage) in the Imperial Court rank system is lower than those of the Owari family and Kishu family (those of these two families were Dainagon [the Chief Councilor of State], while that of the Mito family was Gon Chunagon [the provisional Vice-Councilor of State]), and the kokudaka of the Mito family was lower than those of these two families; therefore, it is generally considered that its social status was lower by one rank than those of the other two families.
Japanese: 尾張家・紀州家から見ると、極官の官位が低く（他のニ家は大納言だが、水戸家は権中納言）、石高が低いことなどから一段格下の家柄というのが世間一般の認識ではある。
English: However, the Mito family was based within kanhasshu (eight provinces which composed the Kanto region in the Edo period) and governed Hitachi Province, which had been recognized as a taikoku (the best ranked provinces) and Shinno-Ningoku (provinces whose official governors were the Imperial princes) in Engishiki (a set of ancient Japanese governmental regulations).
Japanese: しかし、水戸家自体が関八州にあり、また治める常陸国は延喜式における大国かつ親王任国である。
English: Also, the rokudaka (a stipend) allowed to Takamatsu Domain, a branch domain of Mito, was 120 thousand koku (approx. 21.6 million liters of rice), which was exceptionally high among those granted to the other off-shoots of the Tokugawa family.
Japanese: そして、下記の支系の中に高松藩12万石という徳川御連枝の中では破格の禄高を誇る家系がある。
English: Therefore, there exists another opinion which says that the Mito family was equally prestigious to the other two families which were generally thought to be higher in social status.
Japanese: これらの事情を考慮すると、上位とされる2家と実際には同等であるとの説も存在する
English: The head of the Mito family was regarded as the assistant to Seiitaishogun, so the family was excused from sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and remained in Edo all the time.
Japanese: 水戸家当主は征夷大将軍の補佐役であるとされ、参勤交代せず江戸定府の例であった。
English: Actually, the fifteenth Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was a son of Nariaki TOKUGAWA, the ninth lord of Mito Domain, so the last Shogun of the Edu shogunate was in truth from the Mito family; however, he had been adopted to the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family, and therefore formally he was from the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family, that is to say, this was not exactly the case that a Shogun was selected from the Mito family.
Japanese: なお、一橋徳川家の養子に入っていた九代藩主徳川斉昭の子徳川慶喜が十五代将軍となることによって江戸幕府最後の将軍を出すこととなったが、あくまで一橋家から将軍を出したのであって水戸家から将軍を出したわけではない。
English: The Mito family had learned Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in Mito Domain) starting with"Dainihonshi" (literally, Great History of Japan) and been known as a pro-Imperial family for generations.
Japanese: 水戸家は代々「大日本史」をはじめ水戸学を学び、代々勤皇の家として知られている。
English: It is said that the precepts of the Mito family stated "the Mito family shall follow the Emperor without hesitation if a war ever starts between the soke (the head family) of the Tokugawa clan and the Imperial Court."
Japanese: 「もし徳川宗家と朝廷との間に戦が起きたならば躊躇うことなく帝を奉ぜよ」といった家伝あった。
English: Therefore, although the Mito family was a branch of the Tokugawa family, shogunate retainers were watchful of it in the same manner as they were of tozamadaimyo (non-Tokugawa daimyo).
Japanese: そのため幕臣たちからは親藩でありながら外様大名と同様に警戒されていた。
English: The subsidiary lines (called "Gorenshi") of the Mito family were the Takamatsu Matsudaira family of Takamatsu Domain in Sanuki Province, the Moriyama Matsudaira family of Moriyama Domain in Mutsu Province, the Fuchu Matsudaira family of Hitachifuchu Domain in Hitachi Province, and the Shishido Matsudaira family of Shishido Domain in Hitachi Province.
Japanese: 水戸家の支系（御連枝）は、讃岐国高松藩の高松松平家、陸奥国守山藩の守山松平家、常陸国常陸府中藩の府中松平家、常陸国宍戸藩の宍戸松平家の4家を数える。
English: Relatively speaking, the successive family heads of the Mito Tokugawa family lived a long life and were blessed with children, so many sons from the family were adopted into other families during the late half of the Edo period.
Japanese: 水戸徳川家の歴代当主は比較的短命・無子の者が少なく、江戸時代の後半には他家に養子に出した例が多い。
English: Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA of Owari Domain and Katamori MATSUDAIRA of Aizu Domain were descendants of Yoshinari MATSUDAIRA, who had been adopted into the lord family of Takasu Domain from the Mito family.
Japanese: 尾張藩の徳川慶勝、会津藩の松平容保は水戸家から高須藩に養子に入った松平義和の系統である。
English: Kuniyuki TOKUGAWA, the 13th family head, established the Suifu-Meitokukai Foundation and donated to it the items which had been handed down to the family, such as daimyo's (Japanese feudal lord's) belongings and ancient documents, in order to prevent them from being scattered and lost.
Japanese: 十三代当主徳川圀順は、財団法人水府明徳会を設立して伝来の大名道具や古文書を寄贈し、散逸を防ぐ措置を取った。
English: In 1977, this foundation opened the Shoko-Kan Tokugawa Museum at the site of Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA's tea room in Mito City for the purpose to preserve and exhibit the legacy of the Mito family.
Japanese: 同財団は1977年水戸市の徳川光圀の茶室跡に彰考館徳川博物館を開き、その保存・展示につとめている。
English: The Mito family highly respected Confucianism in character; thus successive lords of the Mito family were given posthumous Buddhist titles in Chinese fashion.
Japanese: 水戸家は儒教を尊ぶ気風が強く、歴代藩主には漢風の諡号が贈られている。
English: Tsunakata (At first he was adopted to Mitsukuni but died prematurely, so Tsunaeda was adopted to him instead.)
Japanese: 綱方（当初は、彼が光圀の養子になったのだが、夭折したため、代わって綱條が光圀の養子となった。）
English: Yoritoshi (the father of Yoritoyo MATSUDAIRA, the third lord of Takamatsu Domain; that is, the grandfather of Munetaka TOKUGAWA, the fourth lord of Mito Domain)
Japanese: 頼侯（高松藩三代藩主松平頼豊の父、すなわち水戸藩四代藩主徳川宗堯の祖父）
English: The third (the lord of the domain): Tsunaeda TOKUGAWA (his posthumous title: 粛公) (adopted from the lord family of Takamatsu Domain, a branch domain of Mito; a son of Mitsukuni's elder brother.)
Japanese: 三代（藩主）　徳川綱條-粛公　（支藩高松藩から養子、光圀の兄の子にあたる。）
English: The Kishu Tokugawa family was one of branches of the Tokugawa family and one of Tokugawa Gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family), which governed Kii Province and Ise province during the Edo period
Japanese: 紀州徳川家（きしゅうとくがわけ）は、江戸時代に紀伊国・伊勢国を治めた徳川氏の一支系で、徳川御三家のひとつ。
English: Because of this, successors of Yorinobu were appointed Hitachi no Suke for generations although his fief was later moved to Kii Province.
Japanese: その故事にちなみ、紀伊国へ移封されたのちも頼宣の子孫は代々常陸介に叙任された。
English: The Kishu Tokugawa family was founded by Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the tenth son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and its family heads governed Kishu Domain throughout the Edo period.
Japanese: 徳川家康の十男徳川頼宣を家祖とし、江戸時代を通じて紀州藩の藩主であった。
English: Its fifth lord Yoshimune and thirteenth lord Yoshitomi became the eighth Seiitaishogun (the formal title name of the Shogun, which originally means the commander in chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians), Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, and the fourteenth Seiitaishogun, Iemochi TOKUGAWA, respectively.
Japanese: 第5代藩主吉宗と第13代藩主慶福が、それぞれ第8代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗、第14代将軍徳川家茂となっている。
English: However, after Yoshimune succeeded to the Tokugawa Shogun family, he founded Gosankyo (Three Lord: three junior collateral houses of the Tokugawa family) (originally the Tayasu Tokugawa family and the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family; later the Shimizu Tokugawa family was added); as a result, the lineage of the Kishu family greatly prospered.
Japanese: しかし、吉宗が徳川将軍家の後嗣に入り新たに御三卿（田安徳川家と一橋徳川家、のちに清水徳川家が加わる。）を創始した。
English: The pre-war Kishu family was reputed to be one of the wealthiest families in Japan, and it still remained active after the war; for instance, the 16th family head Yorisada TOKUGAWA was elected to the House of Councilors for two consecutive terms.
Japanese: 戦前の紀州家は、日本でも屈指の富豪といわれ、戦後も第16代当主徳川頼貞は参議院に2期連続当選を果たすなど存在感を示した。
English: However, not only did the family suffer Yorisada's squandering during his lifetime, but also the businesses it had launched after his death in 1954 to pay off the debt made by him failed one after another, and furthermore, a scandal took place in the family; thus, during the post-war period, the Kishu family fell victim to the burning curiosity of the mass media.
Japanese: しかし、頼貞の生前の散財に加え、頼貞が1954年に没した後に借金返済のために遺族が興した事業は次々と失敗に終わり、更に家庭内のスキャンダルも重なったため、戦後はマスコミの格好の餌食となった。
English: Yoriaki TOKUGAWA, an heir of Yorisada, died young at the age of 42 in 1985, and after that the family name was kept by the female family members, namely Yorisada's wife and daughter, in name.
Japanese: なお、頼貞の嫡子である徳川頼韶が1958年に42歳の若さで亡くなり、それ以降は、家の名は頼貞の夫人や娘の女系によって名目上は保たれていた。
English: However, it is mentioned in some cases that the Kishu Marquis family in reality became extinct, and also there exists a view that the 19th family head has not been recognized as a member of the Tokugawa and Matsudaira family association, which was formed by descendents of the Matsudaira clan.
Japanese: しかし、旧侯爵家としては事実上の断絶状態にあるとする記述も見受けられ、またいわゆる松平氏の子孫で構成される徳川・松平一門の会にも、現19代当主は会員と認められていないとの説もある。
English: The sixth (the lord of the domain): Munenao TOKUGAWA (adopted from the lord family of Saijo Domain, a branch domain of Kishu; a cousin of Yoshimune)
Japanese: 六代（藩主）　徳川宗直（支藩西条藩から養子、吉宗の従兄弟にあたる。）
English: The eleventh (the lord of the domain): Nariyuki TOKUNAGA (the former third family head of the Shimizu Tokugawa family; a biological son of the eleventh Shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 十一代（藩主）　徳川斉順（元清水徳川家三代当主、十一代将軍徳川家斉の実子。）
English: The twelfth (the lord of the domain): Narikatsu TOKUNAGA (the former fifth family head of the Shimizu Tokugawa family; a biological son of the eleventh Shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 十二代（藩主）　徳川斉彊（元清水徳川家五代当主、十一代将軍徳川家斉の実子。）
English: The fourteenth (the lord of the domain): Mochitsugu TOKUGAWA (adopted from the lord family of Saijo Domain, a branch domain of Kishu; a great-great-grandson of the seventh lord Munenobu TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 十四代（藩主）　徳川茂承（支藩西条藩から養子、紀州藩七代藩主徳川宗将の玄孫。）
English: The fifteenth (a marquis): Yorimichi TOKUGAWA (adopted from the Tayasu Tokugawa Family; his wife was a daughter of the thirteenth lord Iemochi TOKUGAWA)
Japanese: 十五代（侯爵）　徳川頼倫（田安徳川家から養子、夫人は十三代茂承の娘。）
English: Tomiko opened the restaurant "Marquise" at the basement floor of a building in Hibiya, but ultimately the business failed.
Japanese: 宝子は日比谷のビルの地下に「マルキーズ」（侯爵夫人）というレストランを開いたが経営に失敗。
English: The surname, Toyotomi, was a honsei (original name of the clan which indicate its lineage) given to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who became Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) and took control of the political power in the Tensho period.
Japanese: 豊臣姓とは、天正時代に関白となって政権を掌握した豊臣秀吉に与えられた本姓である。