nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Further, on March 24 (lunar calendar), the Taira clan was defeated by an army led by Yoshitsune in the naval battle of Danno-ura.
Japanese: さらに3月24日(旧暦)、壇ノ浦の戦いでも義経率いる軍勢に敗れ、平氏一門は滅亡するに至った。
English: While members of the family, such as the little Emperor Antoku, TAIRA no Tokiko and TAIRA no Tokuko threw themselves into the swift flow of Danno-ura strait one after another, Munemori, the leader of the family, also tried to drown himself, but while he was swimming about, he was taken up with his son, TAIRA no Kiyomune (There is speculation that it was a voluntary surrender).
Japanese: 幼い安徳天皇、平時子、平徳子ら一門の者達が次々と壇ノ浦の急流に身を投げる中、棟梁である宗盛も入水するが、死にきれずに泳ぎ回っていたところを、息子の平清宗とともに引き上げられる（自発的な降伏という説もあり）。
English: The captured Munemori and Kiyomune were forced around the capital visible to Goshirakawa; later, they were sent to Yoritomo, in Kamakura.
Japanese: 捕虜となった宗盛と清宗は後白河法皇が見物する中、都を引き回され、その後鎌倉の頼朝のもとに送られる。
English: After meeting Yoritomo in Kamakura, Munemori was beheaded by TACHIBANA no Kiminaga, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's subordinate at Shinohara-shuku in Omi Province.
Japanese: 宗盛は鎌倉で頼朝と面会した後、京への送還の途中で近江国篠原宿で源義経の部下橘公長により斬首された。
English: Kiyomune, Munemori's heir, TAIRA no Yoshimune, the second son (childhood name: vice captain) and two other boys (their names are not known) were executed one after another and Munemori's bloodline was extinguished.
Japanese: 嫡男清宗、次男平能宗（幼名：副将）、その他男児二人（名前は伝わっていない）も次々に処刑され、宗盛の血統は途絶えた。
English: In "Heike Monogatari (The Tale of Taira family)," Munemori is caricatured as a person devoid of good will.
Japanese: 『平家物語』での宗盛は善良な人物ではなく、愚かな人物として戯画化されている。
English: He is portrayed as a person who, in comparison with his elder brother, TAIRA no Shigemori who was a person of excellent caliber, was an arrogant, conceited ignoramus who brought the hatred of other clans upon himself.
Japanese: 優れた人物である兄平重盛との対比として、愚鈍なうえ傲慢な性格で、思い上がった振る舞いが多く、そのために他の氏族の反感を買う行為ばかりしていたと描かれている。
English: According to Azuma-kagami (history book), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo wrote in his letter to his younger brother, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, just before the Battle of Danno-ura: "As Naifu (Munemori) is such a cowardly person, I cannot imagine that he would dare commit suicide."
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によると源頼朝は壇ノ浦の戦いの直前、弟の源範頼に宛てた書状で、「内府は極めて臆病におはせる人なれば、自害などはよもせられじ」と記している。
English: In "Gukansho History Book," it describes Munemori as a good swimmer, and having repeatedly come to the surface, he resolved to live and was captured alive.
Japanese: 『愚管抄』には「宗盛は水泳が上手なため、浮き上がり浮き上がりする中に、生きたいと思うようになり生け捕られた」とある。
English: In "Gyokuyo" (March 1182), there are words that epitomize Munemori's character--he said: 'My father exacted revenge immediately if there was any grudge.
Japanese: 『玉葉』（養和2年3月）には宗盛の人物像を象徴するような言葉がある。「父は遺恨があれば、ただちに仕返しをした。
English: When his wife died during childbirth, he gave up his official post to mourn her death and brought up the bereaved child, TAIRA no Yoshimune, by himself.
Japanese: 妻が出産で亡くなった時には官職を返上してその死を嘆き、遺児である平能宗を自分の手で育てた。
English: According to the "Heike Monogatari," his last words at his execution are said to have been--'Has Uemon no kami (Kiyomune) already been executed as well?' showing his consideration for his son.
Japanese: 『平家物語』では処刑の直前、最期の言葉は「右衛門督（清宗）もすでにか」と我が子を思うものであった。
English: He wanted to obtain the Meiba 'Kinoshita' owned by MINAMOTO no Nakatsuna, an heir of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa.
Japanese: 源頼政の嫡男・源仲綱の所有する名馬「木下（このした）」を欲しがった。
English: Once he had successfully used his position of power to forcefully borrow the horse, he did not return it to Nakatsuna, changed the name of the horse to 'Nakatsuna,' and branded 'Nakatsuna' on the rump of the horse humiliating MINAMOTO no Nakatsuna.
Japanese: 地位と権勢にものをいわせて強引に借り受けると二度と返さず、その馬の名前を「仲綱」と改め、馬の尻に「仲綱」の焼印までして社交の場に率いてゆき、源仲綱に屈辱を味わわせる。
English: MINAMOTO no Kiso, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa's subordinate in the Watanabe-to clan and famous for his bravery, falsely deserted to Munemori's side when Yorimasa rose his army.
Japanese: 源頼政が挙兵すると、その配下にいた渡辺党の武者で武勇の誉れ高い源競（みなもとのきそう）は、偽って宗盛に寝返った。
English: MINAMOTO no Kiso looked down on Munemori because he desired another's Meiba (Nakatsuna's 'Kinoshita') in addition to the Meiba he already had in his possession.
Japanese: 源競は、既に自分の名馬を持っているのにまた他人の名馬（仲綱の「木下」）を欲しがる宗盛を軽蔑した。
English: He returned to Yorimasa's camp with the Meiba and branded 'Munemori' on that horse and sent the horse back to Taira family side.
Japanese: その名馬で再び頼政の陣に戻り、その馬の尻に「宗盛」の焼印をして平家方に突き返す。
English: An enraged Munemori ordered his subordinate warriors to capture MINAMOTO no Kiso alive so that he could tear him to pieces with his own hands.
Japanese: 激怒した宗盛は自らの手で源競を八つ裂きにするため、配下の武者たちに源競を殺さずに捕えるよう命じる。
English: But MINAMOTO no Kiso died in a sword fight after putting on a display of frenzied activity and got praised even by warriors on the Taira family side.
Japanese: しかし、源競は獅子奮迅の活躍のうえ壮絶に斬り死に、平家方の武者たちにまで賞賛される。
English: In the Battle of Danno-ura, while family members drowned themselves one after another after disastrous defeat became certain, Munemori, the leader of the family, attempted to escape.
Japanese: 壇ノ浦の戦いにおいて、平氏の大敗が決定的になり、一門が次々と入水していく中、棟梁である宗盛は逃げ回るばかりであった。
English: Having observed this, the generals came to despise his shameful actions and they finally caught Munemori to hold his head under water.
Japanese: それを見た諸将はあまりのみっともなさに嫌気が差し、ついには宗盛を捕まえて、無理やり海に突き落とした。
English: Reportedly, he was intimate with his younger sister, Kenreimonin Tokuko, their child was the Emperor Antoku.
Japanese: 妹である建礼門院徳子と通じており、安徳天皇は、徳子と宗盛との間にできた子であると言われた。
English: Seeing her son behaving in such a shameful manner at Danno-ura, Tokiko denied that Munemori was the child of Kiyomori and her.
Japanese: 壇ノ浦の戦いにおいて、醜態をさらす息子を見た時子は、宗盛は清盛と自分の子ではないと言った。
English: It is said that since the child between her and Kiyomori was a girl, she swapped her biological child with the child of an umbrella seller in Kyo to please Kiyomori, who wanted to have a son.
Japanese: 清盛との間にできた子が女子であったため、男子を望んでいた清盛のことを考え、京の傘売りの子と実子を取り替えたのだという。
English: Reportedly, after the defeat of the Taira family, Munemori admitted this and pleaded for his life using the reasoning that he was not a blood member of the Taira family.
Japanese: 平家敗戦後に宗盛は自らこの説を認め、平家の血筋でないことを理由に命乞いをしたとされる。
English: Local people there did not like Munemori at the beginning, but they gradually opened up to him after seeing him playing with children and feeling his human kindness, which normal samurai were lacking.
Japanese: 地元の領民は、宗盛を始めは快く思っていなかったが、子供と戯れるなど、普通の武士には欠けている人間的な情愛を感じて徐々に心を許したという。
English: He was born of TAIRA no Tokiko, the legal wife of TAIRA no Kiyomori, in a time when the Taira clan enjoyed their greatest prosperity, and he was first promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) rank at the age of eight, and continued to receive promotions to higher ranks..
Japanese: 平氏の全盛期に清盛の正室・平時子を母として生まれ、わずか8歳で従五位下となり、その後も栄進していく。
English: As Kokushi (provincial governors) and Chigyo-kokushi (sovereign of the fief) of Musashi Province, TAIRA no Tomomori acquired a large number of Heishi Iebito (servants of the Taira family) from Musashi Province.
Japanese: 知盛は武蔵国の国司・知行国主として、同国から多数の平氏家人を獲得した。
English: As Musashi was in an area in which the Minamoto clan had great influence, it is thought that Tomomori's capability as a warlord and his personal magnetism worked effectively.
Japanese: 武蔵は源氏の勢力が強い地域であり、知盛の武将としての才能・人間的魅力が大きく作用したと思われる。
English: As his elder brothers, Shigemori and Munemori, behaved indecisively toward Goshirakawa, it appears that Kiyomori placed his expectations on Tomomori and, therefore, called him 'much-loved son' ("Gyokuyo" (Kanezane KUJO's diary)).
Japanese: 兄の重盛・宗盛は後白河に対して優柔不断であったため、清盛は知盛に期待をかけたらしく「最愛之息」と呼ばれた（『玉葉』）。
English: In December 1180, when the Minamoto clan rose in insurrection in Mino Province and Omi Province, he was the supreme commander to suppress the insurrection.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）12月、美濃国と近江国で源氏が叛乱を起こした時には総大将として鎮圧にあたった。
English: Later, Kiyomori ordered Tomomori to go to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) to conduct a search-and-destroy mission, but Tomomori was forced to return to Kyoto due to illness.
Japanese: 知盛はその後、清盛の命令で東国追討も命じられたが、この時に病に倒れて京都に戻ることを余儀なくされた。
English: In October 1181, the Taira clan expeditionary force was organized so that Hokuriku-do was charged to Tomomori, Kiyofusa (Munemori's younger brother by a different mother), Shigehira and Sukemori, Tokai-do and Tozan-do roads were charged to Koremori and Kiyotsune (a son of Shigemori), Kumano was charged to the two sons of Yorimori, with the most important point, Rakuchu Shugo (military governor of Kyoto), charged to Munemori, Norimori, Tsunemori, Yorimori and Tomomori. (Source: Article for October 10 in "Gyokuyo").
Japanese: 同年10月の平氏遠征軍の編成は、北陸道は知度・清房（宗盛の異母弟）・重衡・資盛、東海道・東山道は維盛・清経（重盛の子）、熊野は頼盛の子息2名、最も重要な洛中守護は宗盛・教盛・経盛・頼盛・知盛が担当した（『玉葉』10月10日条）。
English: It is thought that the people who stayed in Kyoto with Munemori were the key people in political power at that time.
Japanese: この時、宗盛とともに洛中に留まった者が政権中枢にあったと考えられる。
English: In February 1183, when Munemori resigned as Naidaijin (inner minister), Tomomori, Shigehira, Yorimori, Tokitada and Chikanume turned out to Munemori's place (Source: Articles for February 27 in "Kikki" (Tsunefusa YOSHIDA's diary)).
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）2月、宗盛が内大臣を辞任する際、宗盛のもとに知盛・重衡・頼盛・時忠・親宗が集まっている（『吉記』2月27日条）。
English: In 1183, when the Taira clan army was decimated in the Battle of Kurikara-toge, Tomomori, together with Munemori, resolved to leave the capital in exile.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）、倶利伽羅峠の戦いで平氏軍が壊滅すると、知盛は宗盛とともに都落ちを決める。
English: On February 7, 1184, the Taira clan army suffered a terrible blow at the Battle of Ichinotani, and Tomomori lost his son, TAIRA no Tomoaki.
Japanese: 翌寿永3年（1184年）2月7日、一ノ谷の戦いで大敗して子の平知章を失った。
English: On March 24, 1185, after witnessing the destruction of the Taira clan in the naval battle of Danno-ura, Tomomori drowned himself in the sea..
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）3月24日、壇ノ浦の合戦で平氏滅亡の様を見届けた知盛は、海へ身を投げ自害した。
English: According to legend, Tomomori either shouldered an anchor or donned two suits of armor as a weight, and he threw himself into the sea after proclaiming, 'I have seen what I should see. Now I shall end my life.'
Japanese: このとき、知盛は碇を担いだとも、鎧を二枚着てそれを錘にし、「見るべき程の事をば見つ。今はただ自害せん」と言い残して入水したとも言われている。
English: He did this to avoid the indignity of being seen floating on the surface of the sea as a dead body or still alive.
Japanese: 共に入水後遺体となるか、あるいは生きたまま浮かび上がって晒し物になるなどの辱めを受けるのを避ける心得である。
English: Tokai-ya' and 'Daimotsu-ura' of the "Yoshitsune Sembon-zakura" ballad drama of Kabuki (traditional performing art) are based on this legend, which is also called 'Ikari Tomomori,' and at its climax is the scene when Tomomori throws himself into the sea by leaping backward from the top of the cliff shouldering an anchor.
Japanese: これに想を得た歌舞伎『義経千本桜』の「渡海屋」および「大物浦」は別名「碇知盛」（いかりとももり）とも呼ばれ、知盛が崖の上から碇と共に仰向けに飛込み入水する場面がクライマックスとなっている。
English: He fought battles in many places as a commander of the Taira clan and carried out Nanto Yakiuchi (the Incident of the Taira clan's army setting fire to the temples in Nanto), which destroyed the statue of Vairocana-Buddha, Todai-ji Temple by fire.
Japanese: 平氏の大将の一人として各地で戦い、南都焼討を行って東大寺盧舎那仏像を焼亡させた。
English: He was active in battle and won the Battle of Sunomata-gawa and the Battle of Mizushima, but he was captured in the Battle of Ichinotani and sent to Kamakura under guard.
Japanese: 墨俣川の戦いや水島の戦いで勝利して活躍するが、一ノ谷の戦いで捕虜になり鎌倉へ護送された。
English: After the Taira clan were destroyed, he was handed over to Nara priests upon their request, and was beheaded on the bank of Kizu-gawa River in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 平氏滅亡後、奈良衆徒の要求で引き渡され、木津川(京都府)畔で斬首された。
English: His battlefield leadership was deemed 'sufficient to meet martial spirit' ("Gyokuyo"(Diary of Kanezane KUJO)); but, his personal appearance was purportedly compared to the flowers of the peony tree.
Japanese: その将才は「武勇の器量に堪う」（『玉葉』）と評される一方、その容姿は牡丹の花に例えられたという。
English: Born as a son of Tokiko, the legal wife of Kiyomori, Shigehira was conferred with a Court rank from his infancy, promoted smoothly as a Kindachi (children of nobles) of the Taira clan and appointed to the position of Sakone gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 正妻の時子の子として生まれた重衡は幼少にして叙位し、平氏の公達として順調に昇進を重ね、治承3年（1179年）には左近衛権中将に進んだ。
English: However, an increase in power of the Taira resulted in an increase in friction between the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and In no Kinshin (the Retired Emperor's courtier), and in November 1179, Kiyomori carried out a coup d'etat and suspended the cloister government (Coup of the Third Year of Jisho).
Japanese: だが、平氏の権勢の高まりは後白河法皇・院近臣との軋轢を生み、同年11月、清盛はクーデターを起こして院政を停止する（治承三年の政変）。
English: In May 1180, Prince Mochihito and MINAMOTO no Yorimasa raised an army to overthrow the Taira clan (raising an army for Prince Mochihito).
Japanese: 翌治承4年（1180年）5月、以仁王と源頼政が平氏打倒の挙兵に踏み切った（以仁王の挙兵）。
English: The army was soon surpressed, but in its wake came numerous anti-Taira clan armies.
Japanese: この挙兵は早期に鎮圧されたが、その後も反平氏の挙兵が各地で相次いだ。
English: In August, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army in Izu Province and defeated TAIRA no Koremori's army by search-and-destroy tactics in the Battle of Fujigawa and brought Kanto under his control.
Japanese: 8月に源頼朝が伊豆国で挙兵し、同年10月の富士川の戦いで平維盛の追討軍を破り、関東を制圧してしまった。
English: In addition, Onjo-ji Temple, being closely connected to Goshirakawa and Kofuku-ji Temple and opposing the deportation sentence imposed on Motofusa MATSUDONO, the chief advisor to the Emperor, directly confronted the Taira clan.
Japanese: さらに後白河と密接につながる園城寺や、関白・松殿基房配流に反発する興福寺も公然と反平氏活動を始めた。
English: On December 25, 1180, following an order from Kiyomori instructing him to 'Track down and dispose of villains,' Shigehira marched toward Nanto through Uji City.
Japanese: 同年12月25日、「悪徒を追討せよ」との清盛の命により、重衡は宇治市を経て南都へ向かった。
English: Shigehira's 40,000 horsemen invaded from the Kawachi Province side, broke through the defensive position of priests at Kofuku-ji Temple and advanced on Nanto.
Japanese: 河内国方面から侵攻した重衡の4万騎は興福寺衆徒の防御陣を突破し、南都へ迫った。
English: On December 28, Shigehira's troops invaded Nanto and incinerated all of the Doto-garan Ichiu (a set of buildings in a temple, such as a main hall, pagoda and temple) along with all of the Buddhist sutras and instructional texts.
Japanese: 28日、重衡の軍勢は南都へ攻め入って火を放ち、興福寺、東大寺の堂塔伽藍一宇残さず焼き尽し、経典・教本のことごとくが燃えてしまったという。
English: According to the "Heike Monogatari" (The Tales of the Taira Family), it was Fukui no sho Geshi (administrator of Fukui no sho manor), Jiro-dayu Tomokata, who set fire to private houses for light, but inadvertently caused a terrible disaster when the fire caught the wind and spread.
Japanese: 『平家物語』では、福井庄下司次郎太夫友方が明りを点ける為に民家に火をかけたところ風にあおられて延焼して大惨事になってしまっている。
English: This Nanto Yakiuchi (the Incident of the Taira clan's army setting fire to the temples in Nanto) was criticized as the greatest evil perpetrated by the Taira clan and Shigehira, who carried out the act, was despised by the priests of Nanto.
Japanese: この南都焼討は平氏の悪行の最たるものと非難され、実行した重衡は南都の衆徒からひどく憎まれた。
English: In March 1181, Shigehira defeated MINAMOTO no Yukiie and MINAMOTO no Gien in the Battle of Sunomata-gawa and held back the Minamoto clan's invasion.
Japanese: 同年3月、墨俣川の戦いで源行家・源義円を破り、源氏の侵攻を食い止めた。
English: In May 1183, the Taira clan troops, led by Koremori, were defeated by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in the Battle of Kurikara-toge and the Taira were forced to abandon Kyo, Capital.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）5月に倶利伽羅峠の戦いで維盛の平氏軍が源義仲に大敗し、平氏は京の放棄を余儀なくされた。
English: Shigehira defeated MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo (Yada Hangandai) and Yukihiro UNNO in the Battle of Mizushima in Bitchu Province in October 1183, and he defeated Yukiie again in the Battle of Muroyama in November, causing damage to Yoshinaka.
Japanese: 同年10月の備中国・水島の合戦で源義清(矢田判官代)・海野幸広を、同年11月の室山の戦いで再び行家をそれぞれ撃破して義仲に打撃を与えた。
English: In January 1184, internal conflict in the Minamoto clan occurred and Yoshinaka was destroyed by MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune sent by Yoritomo in Kamakura.
Japanese: 翌寿永3年（1184年）正月、源氏同士の抗争が起きて義仲は鎌倉の頼朝が派遣した源範頼と源義経によって滅ぼされた。
English: During this time, the Taira clan had recovered enough to make their way into Fukuharakyo in Settsu Province in an attempt to recapture Kyo.
Japanese: この間に平氏は摂津国・福原京まで進出して京の奪回をうかがうまでに回復していた。
English: In Feburary 1184, however, the Taira clan were defeated badly by Noriyori and Yoshitsune in the Battle of Ichinotani, and Shigehira's horse was shot among the defeated army and then captured by Kagesue KAJIWARA.
Japanese: だが、同年2月の一ノ谷の戦いで平氏は範頼・義経に大敗を喫し、敗軍の中、重衡は馬を射られて梶原景季に捕らえられてしまう。
English: Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa attempted to convince Shigehira by sending FUJIWARA no Sadanaga, and negotiated with Munemori, the commander of the Taira clan in Yashima in Sanuki Province to exchange the three sacred imperial treasures with Shigehira; but, this was refused.
Japanese: 後白河法皇は藤原定長を遣わして重衡の説得にあたるとともに、讃岐国・屋島に本営をおく平氏の総帥・宗盛に三種の神器と重衡との交換を交渉するが、これは拒絶された。
English: Later, Shigehira was taken into the care of Munemochi KANO; Yoritomo recognized him by his capability and showed great hospitality to him, and Yoritomo's wife, Masako HOJO offered her maid, Senju no mae to entertain Shigehira.
Japanese: その後、狩野宗茂に預けられたが、頼朝は重衡の器量に感心して厚遇し、妻の北条政子などは重衡をもてなすために侍女の千手の前を差し出している。
English: Yoritomo held a banquet to comfort Shigehira. Suketsune KUDO used the hand drum and sang Imayo, and Senju no mae played the Biwa (Japanese lute), while Shigehira played the Yokobue (flute).
Japanese: 頼朝は重衡を慰めるために宴をもうけ、工藤祐経に鼓を打たせ今様を謡わせ、千手の前は琵琶を弾き、重衡が横笛を吹いて楽しませている。
English: In the "Heike Monogatari," Shigehira was described as being in Kamakura while Senju no mae played Biwa and sang Roei recitation to comfort him during his imprisonment; she later fell in love with this nobleman.
Japanese: 『平家物語』は鎌倉での重衡の様子を描いており、千手の前は琵琶を弾き、朗詠を詠って虜囚の重衡を慰め、この貴人を思慕するようになった。
English: In March 1185, when the Taira clan were destroyed in the naval battle of Danno-ura and the women of the Taira clan threw themselves into the water, it was the wife of Shigehira, Sukeo, who was rescued and then taken prisoner.
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）3月、壇ノ浦の戦いで平氏は滅亡し、この際に平氏の女たちは入水したが、重衡の妻の輔子は助け上げられ捕虜になっている。
English: On June 9, 1185, after strong petitioning by the Nanto priests, who hated Yakiuchi, Shigehira was handed over to Nanto. He departed Kamakura under the guard of MINAMOTO no Yorikane.
Japanese: 同年6月9日、焼討を憎む南都衆徒の強い要求によって、重衡は南都へ引き渡されることになり、源頼兼の護送のもとで鎌倉を出立。
English: There is a tragic episode in the "Heike Monogatari": when his procession passed through the neighborhood of Hino where Sukeko lived, Shigehira requested and was permitted to see his wife a final time; she came to see him, and with tears in both their eyes, Shigehira bit off the hairs falling on his forehead and handed them to Sukeko.
Japanese: 『平家物語』には、一行が輔子が住まう日野の近くを通った時に、重衡が「せめて一目、妻と会いたい」と願って許され、輔子が駆けつけ、涙ながらの別れの対面をし、重衡が形見にと額にかかる髪を噛み切って渡す哀話が残されている。
English: On June 23, Shigehira was beheaded on the bank of Kizu-gawa River in Kyoto Prefecture and had his head left to be viewed by the public in front of the gate of Hannya-ji Temple.
Japanese: 23日、重衡は木津川(京都府)畔にて斬首され、奈良坂にある般若寺門前で梟首された。
English: The statue of Vairocana-Buddha in Todai-ji Temple was reconstructed using the money collected from Daikanjin (priest to collect contributions) run by Shunjobo Chogen, and a Buddhist memorial service of dedication for the Colossal Hall of the Great Buddha was held in 1195.
Japanese: 東大寺盧舎那仏像は俊乗坊重源の大勧進によって再建され、建久6年（1195年）に大仏殿の落慶法要が行われた。
English: It was again incinerated by Hisahide MATSUNAGA during the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States in Japan), and the present statue is reconstruction from the Edo period.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)に松永久秀によって再び焼亡し、現在のものは江戸時代に再建されたものである。
English: Sanetomi SANJO (March 13, 1837 - February 18, 1891) was a noble and a politician who was active from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 三条実美（さんじょうさねとみ、正字体：三條實美、天保8年2月7日(旧暦)（1837年3月13日）-明治24年（1891年）2月18日）は、江戸時代後期、幕末から明治の公卿、政治家である。
English: He was born into the Sanjo family, the main branch of Kanin line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan and one of the Seiga family, who had been entitled to take the post of Dajo Daijin.
Japanese: 藤原北家閑院流の嫡流で、太政大臣まで昇任できた清華家のひとつ三条家の生まれ。
English: Like his father, Sanetsumu SANJO, who had been killed in the Ansei Purge of extremists by the Tokugawa Shogunate, he was one of the court nobles of the Sonno-joi-ha (a group of activists who admired the Emperor and advocated expelling foreigners from Japan) and, in 1862, went to Edo as an imperial envoy to urge the fourteenth Shogun, Iemochi TOKUGAWA, to expel foreigners, and in the same year, he became a member of the Kokuji goyo-gakari, a policy development council.
Japanese: 安政の大獄で処分された父・三条実万と同じく尊皇攘夷(尊攘)派の公家として、文久2年（1862年）に勅使の1人として江戸へ赴き、14代将軍の徳川家茂に攘夷を督促し、この年国事御用掛となった。
English: Maintaining a close relationship with activists from the domain of Choshu, Sanetomo and Kintomo ANEGAKOJI, as court nobles of the Sonno-joi-geki-ha (a group of Sonno-joi extremists), urged the Shogunate to stage a war against foreigners and planned Emperor Komei's trip to Yamato (Yamato Gyoko).
Japanese: 長州藩と密接な関係を持ち、姉小路公知と共に尊皇攘夷激派の公卿として幕府に攘夷決行を求め、孝明天皇の大和行幸を企画する。
English: However, in 1863, he left Kyoto for Choshu in an incident known as Shichikyo-ochi, where seven nobles were banished from the imperial court following the August Eighteenth Coup, which was staged by court nobles including Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko and warriors from the Satsuma and Aizu domains, who supported the policy of uniting the Shogunate and the Court (Kobu Gattai).
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）、公武合体派の久邇宮朝彦親王らの公家や薩摩藩、会津藩らが結託したクーデターである八月十八日の政変により朝廷を追放され、京都を逃れて長州へ移る（七卿落ち）。
English: Although having been harbored by the domain of Choshu, he was transferred to Fukuoka Domain when the Shogunate launched the punitive First Choshu Expedition (Baku-cho war) in 1864.
Japanese: 長州藩に匿われるが、元治元年（1864年）の第一次長州征伐（幕長戦争）に際しては福岡藩へ預けられる。
English: During his one-month stay, he was visited by Takamori SAIGO of Satsuma Domain and Shinsaku TAKASUGI of Choshu Domain and discussed with them in what direction things had been moving.
Japanese: この1ヶ月の間に薩摩藩の西郷隆盛や長州藩の高杉晋作らが集まり、時勢を語り合った。
English: He stepped out of the shadows and into the limelight when the monarchy was restored in 1868 and took the post of Gijo (minister) in the newly established government.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1868年）の王政復古(日本)で表舞台に復帰、成立した新政府で議定となる。
English: Throughout his life, he stayed in the mainstream of politics; in 1869, he was designated Udaijin and in 1871, Dajo Daijin and Naidaijin.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）には右大臣、同4年（1871年）に太政大臣、内大臣として生涯、政権の中枢にあり続けた。
English: In 1873, when the government divided over the Seikan-ron, the debate over whether to send troops to Korea or not, he was torn between the people who supported it, like Takamori SAIGO, and those who opposed to it, like Tomomi IWAKURA and Toshimichi OKUBO, finally choosing Iwakura as his representative.
Japanese: 明治6年（1873年）の征韓論をめぐる政府内での対立では、西郷隆盛らの征韓派と、岩倉具視や大久保利通らの征韓反対派の板ばさみになり、岩倉を代理とする。
English: In 1885 when the Dajo-kan System of Departments of State was abolished and the cabinet system was put in place, he took the post of Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）には太政官制が廃止されて内閣制度が発足し、内大臣となる。
English: In 1889, he served as acting Prime Minister (while serving as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) for two months after Kiyotaka KURODA resigned as prime minister.
Japanese: 明治22年（1889年）には、黒田清隆総理の単独辞任をうけて内閣総理大臣を二ヵ月間代行（内大臣兼任）した。
English: December 22, 1885: He was transferred from the office of Dajo Daijin to that of Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan as the cabinet system started.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）12月22日、内閣制度の発足により、太政大臣から内大臣に異動。
English: October 25: He was named acting Prime Minister as the then-Prime Minister, Kiyotaka KURODA, resigned.
Japanese: 10月25日、内閣総理大臣黒田清隆の辞任に伴い、内閣総理大臣を代行。
English: December 24: He withdrew from the post of acting Prime Minister when the Aritomo YAMAGATA cabinet took office.
Japanese: 12月24日、山県有朋内閣発足により、内閣総理大臣代行の兼任を解く。
English: Although he was active as a court noble of Sonno-joi-ha towards the end of the Edo period, he is said to have been calm and warm, carrying the aura of a typical court noble.
Japanese: 幕末には尊攘派の公家として活動する一面、極めて公家風の雰囲気を持つ温和な人物であったらしい。
English: Although most nobles were given sinecures in the new government, he had an extraordinary career.
Japanese: 新政府樹立と共にほとんどの公卿が閑職に追いやられた中、彼は希な経歴の持ち主であった。