nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: There was a difference in the occupations depending on the period, and some of them managed to escape from Senmin at an early stage, such as well diggers, landscape gardeners, bathhouse, doctors, those who pled (lawyers), Noh performers (lead roles), Kabuki performers and blacksmiths.
Japanese: 職業は時代によって差があり、井戸掘りや造園業、湯屋、医師、代言人（弁護士）、能役者（主役級）、歌舞伎役者、野鍛冶のように早期に脱賎化に成功した職業もある。
English: Some occupations were defined as Senmin depending on the region/period, such as various craftsmen (swordsmiths, masons, medicine peddlers, dyers, pen makers, wood cutters, armor makers, umbrella makers, sculptors of Buddhist statues and others), boatmen, Yin yang masters, astrologers, mountain priests, shrine priests, shrine maidens, dancing girls, dancers, musicians, Noh performers (minor roles), linked-verse poets, haikai poets, interpreters (translators), news-sheet sellers, and usurers (bankers).
Japanese: 諸職人（刀鍛冶や、石工、薬売り、紺屋、筆結、木樵、鎧細工、笠張り、仏師など）や舟渡、陰陽師、宿曜師、山伏、禰宜、巫女、白拍子、舞々、楽人、能役者（端役）、連歌師、俳諧師、通事（飜訳業）、瓦版売り、高利貸（銀行員）などのように地域・時代によっては賎民とされた職業もある。
English: Those who survived from joint suicide, persons of inbreeding, tax delinquents and street people accommodated by the authorities (including the sick) were placed in this rank of Hinin.
Japanese: 非人は、心中の生き残り、近親相姦者、税金不納者、権力に収容された浮浪者（病人を含む）がこの身分に置かれた。
English: Though they were at the bottom in the system of rank, occasionally an opportunity to escape (bail out) was given if it was within 10 years after becoming Hinin.
Japanese: 身分制度では最下層だが、彼らには非人化から10年以内であれば脱出（足洗い）の機会が与えられることもあった。
English: They were tattooed on the arm if they escaped from slave labor and were caught, and the number of escapes was recorded.
Japanese: 奴隷労働から脱走し、逮捕されると腕に入れ墨を入れられて脱走回数が記録された。
English: For a Heijin, the crime of killing one Heijin was equal to killing seven Hinins because of impertinence.
Japanese: 平人が無礼などを理由に非人を7人殺すと、平人1名を殺したのと同等の罪に問われた。
English: However, a sense of discrimination toward Senmin was prevalent among the people, and the name "Shin-Heimin (new commoner)" was spontaneously established from Heimin (commoner).
Japanese: しかし、民衆の間には、賎民に対する差別意識が根強く残り、平民の間から新平民との呼称が自然発生的に成立した。
English: In the Edo period, a minimum of lifestyle stability was guaranteed by being given exclusive occupations such as the slaughter of livestock as well as leather craft and others.
Japanese: 江戸時代には家畜解体業や革細工などの専用の職業が与えられることで、結果的に生活の安定は最低限保障されていた。
English: However, the modern equality of all people was only nominal and no specific measures were taken to dissolve it.
Japanese: しかし近代の四民平等は名目のみであり、その解消のための具体的な施策が行われなかった。
English: On the other hand, some people started to newly enter the industry sectors that had once been occupied only by Eta, and consequently market competition emerged.
Japanese: その一方で穢多専用であった業種への新規参入する人々が現れ、市場競争が始まった。
English: As a result, there occurred the collapse of livelihood for many Senmin, thus contributing to the deepening of the Buraku discrimination problem.
Japanese: その結果、生活基盤が崩壊する賎民が続出して部落差別問題の深刻化の一因ともなった。
English: When misfortunes took place, they were regarded as a curse of the dead, and officers of Ryo were sent to the mausoleum of the unfortunate imperial family and consoled the spirit.
Japanese: 凶事が起こった際には死者のたたりと考えて寮の役人を不遇であった皇族の陵墓に送ってこれを慰めた。
English: Rokoku Hakase was a post appointed by Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
Japanese: 漏刻博士（ろうこくはかせ）は、日本律令制において陰陽寮に置かれた博士。
English: The post was equivalent to Jushichiinoge (Junior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade), but there were examples of Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) or Jurokui (Junior Sixth Rank) being appointed (according to "Shokugensho" (a history of court officials)).
Japanese: 従七位下相当であるが、五位・六位が任じられた例もある（『職源鈔』）。
English: In charge of 20 Shushincho (workers) selected from among forced laborers, the Rokoku Hakase supervised the rokoku (water clock) and at the same time measured the time, and at regular intervals ordered Shushincho to strike a bell installed in the Onmyoryo.
Japanese: 仕丁から選抜された守辰丁（20名）を率いて漏刻を警備するとともに、時刻を計り、定時に守辰丁に命じて陰陽寮内に設置された鐘を撃たせた。
English: During an imperial visit, one Rokoku Hakase and 12 Shushincho were obliged to join the procession, along with the rokoku.
Japanese: 天皇の行幸の際には漏刻博士1名と守辰丁12名が漏刻とともに随従する義務があった。
English: However, it is considered that at a relatively early stage the essential skills of the rokoku were no longer needed, and during the Insei period (the period of government by the retired Emperor), the post became a government post held by members of the Kamo and Abe clans, or followers recommended by them.
Japanese: もっとも、漏刻の技術は比較的早くに途絶えたとされ、院政期には賀茂氏・阿倍氏の一員やその推挙する門人のための官職となる。
English: It is generally believed that 菅野季親 and 菅野季長were appointed as Rokoku Hakase as a master of nenzei (yearly predications), not rokoku.
Japanese: 菅野季親・菅野季長は漏刻ではなく、年筮の達人として漏刻博士となったとされる。
English: Rokoku was also installed in the provinces of Dazaifu and Mutsu (later Dewa Province was added), but Hakase was not appointed and Shushincho seemed to have operated the rokoku.
Japanese: なお、大宰府・陸奥国（後に出羽国を追加）にも漏刻は設置されたが、博士は置かれずに守辰丁が管理していたとされている。
English: The Reki Hakase belonged to the Bureau of Onmyo in the Nakatsukasa Department, and was responsible for the preparation and revision of the annual calendar, forecasting solar eclipses and educating Reki no sho (students of calendar preparation).
Japanese: 中務省陰陽寮に属して、毎年の造暦（暦の作成）と改暦、日食の予測、暦生の教育にあたった。
English: Initially, the post was held by one official, and later one Kenkan (powerful official) was added, and their rank was equivalent to Jushichiinojo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade); however, in later times it became customary to give the post a Goi (Fifth Rank) or higher ranking.
Japanese: 定員1名（後に権官1名追加）・従七位上相当（ただし、後世では五位以上が慣例となる）。
English: The earliest mention of the post is found in the record of the fourteenth year of the reign of the Emperor Kinmei in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), but it was only in later ages that a government-regulated organization was actually established.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』においては、欽明天皇14年条に登場するのが最古であるが、実際の官制整備は後代のことである。
English: In ancient times, toraijin (foreigners, particularly from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced the culture of the Asian continent to the Japanese) who were well versed in Rekido (study of the calendar) or Sando (study of mathematics) were often appointed, but later only members of the Okasuga clan, Iehara clan, Onakatomi clan or Kamo clan were appointed to the post.
Japanese: 古くは暦道・算道に通じた渡来人系の人物が任じられる事が多かったが、後に大春日氏・家原氏・大中臣氏・賀茂氏などが世襲した。
English: The following two figures are well-known as Reki Hakase: OKASUGA no Manomaro, who in the reign of the Emperor Seiwa advocated the introduction of Goki reki (Wuji calendar, a lunar-solar calendar developed in the Tang by Guo Xianzhi and used in China during the years 762 to 821) and Senmyo reki (a variation of the lunar calendar that was created in ancient China); and KAMO no Tadayuki, believed to be the sixth generation descendant of KIBI no Makibi, who brought the Taien calendar to Japan.
Japanese: 清和天皇の頃に五紀暦・宣明暦の導入を主唱した大春日真野麻呂や大衍暦を日本に持ち帰った吉備真備の6代目の子孫とされる賀茂忠行が良く知られた。
English: KAMO no Yasunori, who was the son of Tadayuki, held Reki Hakase concurrently with Tenmon Hakase (master of astrology); however, after his death the descendants of KAMO no Mitsuyoshi, the son of Yasunori, took over rekido and the descendants of ABE no Seimei, a follower, took over tenmondo (ancient horoscopy).
Japanese: 忠行の子・賀茂保憲は暦博士と天文博士を兼ねたが、その死後は保憲の子・賀茂光栄の子孫が暦道を、門人安倍晴明の子孫が天文道を継承した。
English: Because the private possession of rekisho (explanatory books concerning calendars) was strictly regulated by Hishogenjo-rei edicts, which were classified as Zoryo (Law on Miscellaneous Matters), it was difficult to recruit personnel outside the Imperial Court; therefore, when TAIRA no Masakado proclaimed himself as a 'new emperor' and nominated Bunbu Hyakkan (all the officials, both military and civil), he was unable to appoint Reki Hakase, and in the same manner the Yoshino Imperial Court (the Southern Court (Japan)) was unable to appoint Reki Hakase, and consequently there is no Guchu-reki (annotated calendar) that includes its gengo (era name).
Japanese: なお、暦書を私的に持つことは雑令の秘書玄象令で厳しく規制されたために朝廷外に人材を求めるのは困難であり、平将門が「新皇」を名乗って文武百官を任じた際も暦博士は任命できず、同様に吉野朝廷（南朝(日本)）も暦博士を置けなかったらしく、その元号が入った具注暦は存在しない。
English: In a later period, once all the direct descendants of the Kamo family had died out, Tomokage KOTOKUI, a member of a branch line of the Kamo clan, became Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo) and after Tomosuke KOTOKUI, who was the grandson of Tomokage, Reki Hakase became a hereditary post for descendants of the Kotokui family.
Japanese: 後に賀茂家の嫡流が断絶すると、同氏の庶流であった幸徳井友景が陰陽頭となり、孫の幸徳井友傳以後は暦博士の官職は幸徳井家の世襲となる。
English: However, the Kotokui family were suppressed both in Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang, an occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) by the Tsuchimikado family (Abe clan), and in rekigaku by the Tenmonkata (Astronomical Institute) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); therefore, the Kotokui family was, in later ages, limited to the preparation of rekichu (assorted information recorded in the almanac).
Japanese: だが、陰陽道においては土御門家_(安倍氏)が、暦学においては江戸幕府天文方が圧迫を加えたために、後世の幸徳井家は専ら暦注のみを担当するにとどまった。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, along with the abolition of Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.), the post of Reki Hakase was abolished, and soon the official calendar was changed to a solar calendar, signaling the end of the role of Reki Hakase.
Japanese: 明治維新後の陰陽寮の廃止とともに暦博士も廃止され、間もなく太陽暦への改暦によってその役目は終わる事になる。
English: Tokyo gyoko are the imperial visits to Tokyo which were made twice in 1868 and 1869.
Japanese: 東京行幸（とうきょうぎょうこう）とは、1868年（明治元年）と翌1869年（明治2年）の2回に亘って行われた東京への行幸である。
English: On September 3, 1868, Emperor Meiji issued 'the imperial edict to rename Edo to Tokyo' and declared that he would administer the affairs of state in Edo and Edo would be renamed Tokyo.
Japanese: 明治元年7月17日、明治天皇が「江戸ヲ称シテ東京ト為スノ詔書」を発し、江戸の地で政務を執ることと、それに伴ない江戸を東京とすることを宣言した。
English: On November 26 of the same year, during the first visit to Tokyo, the Emperor entered the Edo-jo Castle, which was renamed Tokyo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 同年10月13日の1度目の東幸で江戸城に入城してこれを東京城と改称した。
English: The Bank of Yanagihara was a private bank founded in Yanagihara-cho, Kyoto Prefecture (present Kyoto City) in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 柳原銀行（やなぎはらぎんこう）は、明治期に京都府柳原町（現京都市）で設立された私立銀行。
English: In 1899, it was founded by Tamizo AKASHI, a former mayor of Yanagihara-cho, and others.
Japanese: 1899年（明治32年）に、柳原町の町長経験者でもあった明石民蔵らによって設立。
English: Later, it extended its business area to all of Kyoto City, and was renamed the Bank of Yamashiro in 1920.
Japanese: その後事業地域も京都市内全域に拡がり、1920年（大正9年）に山城銀行（やましろぎんこう）に改称。
English: However, a run on the bank occurred at the time of the Showa financial crisis in 1927, and the business was suspended.
Japanese: しかし、1927年（昭和2年）の昭和金融恐慌時に取り付け騒ぎが発生し、休業。
English: Later, it was also used for the rank name in reference to a social status among vassals who were related by similar blood.
Japanese: 後に、擬似的な血縁関係で編成された家臣団での格式を指す名称としても使用されることもある。
English: The term "gomonyo" referred to those who, among the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), were treated as a family of Kamakura-dono (Lord of Kamakura) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 御門葉とは清和源氏の一門のうち鎌倉幕府において鎌倉殿の一門としての処遇を受けた者をいう。
English: In the period of three generations of the Genji shogunate family, from MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the Genji clans that belonged to the same clan of Kamakura-dono existed in the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in a restricted sense and in Seiwa-Genji in a broad sense, but not all Genji clans were always treated as the family of Kamakura-dono because the loyalty to Kamakura-dono was highly valued and dependence on the family was not permitted.
Japanese: 源頼朝から源実朝までの三代の源氏将軍の時代、鎌倉殿と同族の源氏一門は狭義には河内源氏、広義には清和源氏に広く存在したが、鎌倉殿への忠勤の姿勢を重んじ、同族に対す甘えを許さず、すべての源氏一門が鎌倉殿の親族として処遇されたわけではなかった。
English: Many Genji clans, except for the conferment of a court rank and appointment to an office, were forbidden to broadly share a common Minamoto family name in the same way as the Kamakura-dono, and were treated simply as Kenin (retainers).
Japanese: 多くの源氏一門は叙位任官を除き、特に無碍に鎌倉殿と同様に源姓を称することを禁じられ、あくまで家人として遇された。
English: When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the military government in Kamakura, Yoritomo allowed those who had been credited for their distinguished services among the Seiwa-Genji the permission to use the Minamoto family name, but he prohibited other Genji clans from using the name at formal occasions.
Japanese: 源頼朝が鎌倉に武家政権を打ち立てると、頼朝は清和源氏一族内で、特に功績を認めた者だけに源姓を名乗ることを許可し、他の源氏一族が公式の場で源姓を名乗ることを禁じた。
English: Monyo originated from six people who were appointed as Kokushi (provincial governors) at Jimoku (ceremony for the appointment of officials) on August 16, 1185 (old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 文治元年（1185年）8月16日（旧暦）の除目で国司に任ぜられた6名が始まり。
English: Families that were acknowledged as monyo were called gomonyo and treated second to the shogun family in social status; this drew the line at other gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
Japanese: これを認められた家は御門葉と呼ばれ、格式では将軍家に次ぐ扱いを受け、他の御家人と一線を画した。
English: In fact, the first six people had been recommended before Yoritomo got onto bad terms with MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
Japanese: ちなみに、最初に認められた6人は、頼朝と源義経の仲が険悪化する以前に推挙されていた。
English: Also, the relationship between Yoritomo and Yoshitsune was strained at the point that Jimoku was made public, so Yoshitsune wasn't factually acknowledged as a gomonyo.
Japanese: そして、除目が発表された時には頼朝と義経の仲は険悪化しており、義経は事実上御門葉とは認めなかった。
English: Given the manner in which the members of these monyo were selected, in order to be given the status of monyo, what mattered wasn't the main line or branch of the family blood nor how close one was to Yoritomo's blood but was instead being the faithful Seiwa-Genji, which was the only requirement.
Japanese: この門葉の顔ぶれを見る限り、門葉たる地位を付与されるためには、血筋上の嫡流庶流や頼朝の血筋との近接性はあまり問題ではなく、あくまで忠勤の目覚ましい清和源氏であることがその要件であったということができる。
English: Yoritomo's own younger brothers, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, Zenjo ANO and Yoshitsune, weren't included in these monyo, while those included were limited to Yoshinori YAMANA, a child born out of wedlock of the Nitta clan, among the Kawachi-Genji that had relatively close blood ties with Yoritomo, and Yoshikane ASHIKAGA; however, those who were distantly related were also included, such as Tomitsu KAGAMI of the Kai-Genji that had descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the ancestor of four generations before Yoritomo, and Yoshisuke YASUDA; and MINAMOTO no Aritsuna of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), which was descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the elder brother of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the originator of the Kawachi-Genji, the ancestor of six generations before.
Japanese: 実弟である源範頼、阿野全成そして義経らはこれに含まれず、頼朝と比較的血筋の近い河内源氏のうちでも新田氏の庶子　山名義範や足利義兼に限られ、逆に、頼朝の4代前の祖先　源義家の弟　源義光を祖先とする甲斐源氏の加賀美遠光、安田義資、また6代前の祖先河内源氏の祖　源頼信の兄　源頼光を祖先とする摂津源氏の源有綱など限りなく遠縁の者が門葉に列していることが確認できる。
English: Nichisei Kankeishi (or Nissei Kankeishi) refers to the history of relations between Spain and Japan.
Japanese: 日西関係史（にちせいかんけいし、にっせいかんけいし）とは、日本とスペインの関係についての歴史をさす。
English: The Spanish Empire and its people that advanced to the Pacific Ocean via an east-to-west route, developed Manila Galleon and made a colonial period in the history of the Philippines, as well as Portugal and its people that advanced to the history of Macao via a west-to-east route, were the first European country and people Japanese people met in the middle of the 16th century (the Sengoku period [period of warring states]).
Japanese: 東回りでマカオの歴史にまで進出したポルトガルおよびポルトガル人とならんで、西回りで太平洋に進出マニラ・ガレオンを開拓しフィリピンの歴史を植民地としたスペイン帝国およびスペイン人は、16世紀半ば（戦国時代）に日本人が初めて接触したヨーロッパの国・ヨーロッパ人であった。
English: From then till the first half of the 17th century (the early Edo period), people frequently came and went between Japan and Spain through propagation of Christianity (Christian) and trade (with Spain and Portugal), which had an impact on Japanese culture including housing, food and clothing, and its world view.
Japanese: その後17世紀前半（江戸初期）にかけて、キリスト教の布教（キリシタン）と貿易（南蛮貿易）を通じて、日本とスペインの間には盛んな人物の往来が見られ、また衣食住を含む当時の日本の文化や世界観にも影響を与えた（南蛮文化）。
English: However, such relations were cut off due to the tightening of the ban on Christianity and the completion of the national isolation system, and the situation continued till the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Japanese: しかし、キリシタン禁教の強化と鎖国体制の完成によってこれらの関係は途絶し、幕末に至る。
English: Since then, there have been few political or diplomatic concerns between Japan and Spain and the two countries have had little interest in each other (except during the period of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War) to date.
Japanese: しかし、明治以降の日本とスペインは、スペイン内戦～第二次世界大戦にかけての一時期を除き、政治・外交上の懸案も少ない代わりに関係や関心も希薄という状況が続き、現在に至っている。
English: In modern times, Spain and Japan are mainly related to each other concerning interest, influence and exchange in the fields of culture, art and sports.
Japanese: 近・現代の日本とスペインの関係は、むしろ文化・芸術・スポーツ面の関心や影響、往来が主であるといえる。
English: In the following sentences, when necessary, we may refer to some events that occurred in the areas which used to be Spanish territories or in the sphere of their influence (Latin American countries, the Philippines etc.) in each time period.
Japanese: なお、以下の文中では必要に応じて、各時代においてスペインの領土ないし勢力圏であった諸地域（ラテンアメリカ諸国やフィリピン等）での出来事にも触れる場合がある。
English: People came and went between Japan and Spain in the 16th century before the state-to-state relations went into full swing.
Japanese: 16世紀の日本とスペインの間には、国家間関係が本格化する以前から人の往来が見られた。
English: In the middle of the 16th century, while Portugal created footholds in the Goa State, Malacca, Macao and other places, the Society of Jesus actively promulgated their mission in Asia under state protection, and in the same period, Japanese people coming and going among cities in the East and Southeast Asia had the opportunities to meet Spanish missionaries engaged in missionary work of the Society of Jesus.
Japanese: 16世紀半ばにゴア州、マラッカ、マカオ等にポルトガルが拠点を築き、同国の保護下にイエズス会のアジア布教が本格化する中で、同時期に東アジア・東南アジアの各地を行き来していた日本人と、イエズス会の布教活動に参加していたスペイン人宣教師が接触する機会が生じたのである。
English: The most important person who met Spanish people outside of Japan at that period was Yajiro who was christened and helped Francis XAVIER (from the Kingdom of Navarrethe) and party visit Japan in 1549.
Japanese: この時期、日本国外でスペイン人と出会った日本人のうち最も重要な人物は、自身キリスト教の洗礼を受け、1549年のフランシスコ・ザビエル（ナバラ王国出身）一行の来日を手引きしたヤジロウである。
English: Among the members of the Society of Jesus who attended XAVIER on his visit to Japan, Father Cosme de TORRES was from Valencia and (missionary) Monk Juan FERNANDEZ was from Cordoba, therefore, the introduction of Christianity was an event which also marked the visit of Spanish people to Japan.
Japanese: ザビエルの日本来航に随行したイエズス会士は、コスメ・デ・トーレス神父がバレンシア_(スペイン)、フアン・フェルナンデス(宣教師)修道士はコルドバの出身であり、日本へのキリスト教伝来という出来事はまた、スペイン人の日本への来航を記す出来事でもあった。
English: Xavier left Japan in 1551, but Fernandez died in Hirado City in 1567 and Torres died in Shiki of Amakusa (Reihoku-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture) in 1570.
Japanese: ザビエルは1551年に日本を離れるが、フェルナンデスは1567年に平戸市で、トーレスは1570年に天草の志岐（熊本県苓北町）で没している。
English: A young man from Satsuma whose Christian name was Bernardo of Kagoshima accompanied Xavier when he left Japan, and stopped at several places in Spain on the way from Portugal to Rome (he returned to Portugal and died in Coimbra in about 1557).
Japanese: ザビエルの離日に同行した、薩摩出身の洗礼名鹿児島のベルナルドという青年はポルトガルからローマに向かう途中スペインに各地に立ち寄っている（彼はポルトガルに戻ったのち、1557年ごろコインブラで死去）。
English: Since the King of Spain also served as the King of Portugal from 1580 to 1640 (see the History of Portugal), the Tensho era mission to Europe, which was closely related to the Society of Jesus, entered Spain by land from Portugal and visited various places, and was presented to Felipe the Second in Madrid in November 1584.
Japanese: また1580年から1640年までスペイン王がポルトガル王を兼ねたため（ポルトガルの歴史参照）、ポルトガル・イエズス会と密接な関係にある天正遣欧使節の一行も、ポルトガルから陸路スペインに入って各地を訪問、1584年11月にはマドリードでフェリペ2世に謁見している。
English: In 1609, Don Rodorigo, the Viceroy of the Philippines, a previous Spanish territory, had an accident at sea on his way back to his post in Nueva Espana and drifted down to Iwada Village, Kazusa Province (presently, Onjuku-machi), and in 1611, Sebastian VIZCAINO paid a visit to Japan as toreishi (errand to return a call or visit).
Japanese: 1609年（慶長14年）には前スペイン領フィリピンの総督ドン・ロドリゴがヌエバ・エスパーニャ（現在のメキシコ日本との関係）への帰任に際し海難で上総国岩和田村（現御宿町）に漂着し、1611年（慶長16年）にはセバスティアン・ビスカイノが答礼使として来日した。
English: The mission including Shosuke TANAKA took the ship for the return of Don Rodorigo, paid a visit to Nueva Espana and returned to Japan with Sebastian VIZCAINO.
Japanese: 田中勝介等の使節団はドン・ロドリゴの帰郷に同船しヌエバ・エスパーニャを訪問、セバスティアン・ビスカイノに同行し帰国した。
English: In 1613, with the help of Sebastian VIZCAINO, the Sendai clan built a ship named San Juan Bautista and dispatched the Keicho era mission to Europe including Luis SOTELO and Tsunenaga HASEKURA to Spain via Nueva Espana, and Tsunenaga and others were presented to Felipe the Third (King of Spain) in Madrid in January of 1615 and in November of the same year, they were presented to the Pope Paulus the Fifth at the Vatican in Rome.
Japanese: 1613年（慶長18年）に、セバスティアン・ビスカイノの協力でサン・フアン・バウティスタ号を建造した仙台藩が、ルイス・ソテロや支倉常長等の慶長遣欧使節団をヌエバ・エスパーニャ経由でスペインに派遣し、常長等は1615年1月にマドリードでフェリペ3世(スペイン王)に、同年11月にはバチカンでローマ教皇パウルス5世(ローマ教皇)に謁見する。
English: However, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) tightened the ban on Christianity later, and in 1624, Spanish ships were prohibited from visiting Japan.
Japanese: しかし、その後江戸幕府はキリスト教の禁教政策を強化し、1624年（寛永元年）にはスペイン船の来航を禁止するに至った。
English: In or around 1130, Yorizumi SHIONOYA, a son of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, went down Shioya County, Shimotsuke Province, adopted the name SHIONOYA and governed SHIONOYA manor, with its thirty-three go thirty-eight thousand cho.
Japanese: 源義親の子である塩谷頼純が大治(日本)5年（1130年）頃、下野国塩谷郡に下り塩谷荘司として塩谷姓を創始したのがはじまりで、塩谷荘三十三郷三万八千町を支配。
English: The family temple was Terayama Kannonji Temple as a dedicated grave and Rokubo-ji Temple as a buried grave; this was said to have been a double grave system, but that isn't certain.
Japanese: 菩提寺は、奉り墓として寺山観音寺、埋め墓として六房寺の両墓制であったと言われているが定かではない。
English: There is no historical material to verify the existence ("Furusato Yaita no Ayumi" (History of Our Hometown Yaita)).
Japanese: また、存在を裏付ける確実な史料類は存在しない（『ふるさと矢板のあゆみ』）。
English: Because the fifth Tomoyoshi SHIONOYA had no child, he adopted Tomonari SHIONOYA, the second son of Naritsuna UTSUNOMIYA, and had him succeed to the family, whereby the period of SHIONOYA clan of the MINAMOTO family ended.
Japanese: 5代目塩谷朝義に子が無かったため、宇都宮業綱の次男塩谷朝業を養子に迎え家督を相続させ、源姓塩谷氏の時代は終焉する。
English: Takechiyo, who was the last family head of SHIONOYA clan of the MINAMOTO family and was adopted by Tomoyoshi, went through genpuku (a celebration of one's coming of age), identified himself as Tomonari and succeeded to the family, which started a history of the SHIONOYA family of the Fujiwara family ('Family Tree of the Akita SHIONOYA Family').
Japanese: 源姓塩谷氏の最後の当主・朝義の養子となった竹千代が元服して朝業と名乗り、家督を継いだことで藤姓塩谷氏の歴史が始まる（「秋田塩谷系譜」）。
English: The name FUJIWARA came from the UTSUNOMIYA clan, which was Tomonari's family home and had originated with the FUJIWARA clan.
Japanese: 藤姓とは、朝業の実家である宇都宮氏が藤原氏の出自であったためである。
English: Tomonari built Kawasaki-jo Castle (Shimotsuke Province) on the mountaintop approximately 500 meters north along the mountainous line of Horieyama-jo Castle.
Japanese: 朝業は、堀江山城の山続きの北側500mほどの山頂に新たに川崎城(下野国)を築き居城とする。
English: The SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family lasted for approximately 260 to 300 years, but on September 22, 1423, during the period of Noritsuna SHIONOYA, the family collaborated with Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo, and raised a rebellion against the UTSUNOMIYA clan.
Japanese: 藤姓塩谷氏は、約260年～300年間に渡り続くが、応永30年（1423年）8月9日、塩谷教綱の時、鎌倉公方足利持氏と結び、宇都宮氏に謀反。