nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The patterns used were unique kinds of things such as the deformation of personal effects or groceries, and sometimes erotic and grotesque motifs such as skull and sex scenes were used, because of the ban on the use of yusoku-kojitsu (ancient practices and usages) by the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: そこに入れられる文様は幕府の禁制により有職故実文様が使えなかったこともあり、身の回りの雑貨をデフォルメしたユニークな物、時にはドクロや性交シーンなどのエログロ趣味まであった。
English: In addition, regional differences are large, and at the time of Kasei culture, at Edo, 'Edo tsuma' of which the patterns were located in the foot of kosode while in Kyoto and Osaka, 'Shimabara tsuma' which was main pattern were located in aizuma (from hem to the collar tip) were in style.
Japanese: また地域差が非常に激しく、化政文化の頃、江戸では「江戸褄」といわれる足下に模様を入れることが流行ったのに対し上方では「島原褄」といわれる合褄に模様が入れることが流行った。
English: After that, while 'Edo tsuma' became an origin of 'Tomesode' (formal dress patterned only below the waistline worn by a married woman), 'Shimabara tsuma' prevailed only in the Kyoto and Osaka areas and finally diminished.
Japanese: その後「江戸褄」は「留袖」の原型になったのに対し、「島原褄」は上方限定の流行で終わった。
English: Although 'miyatsuguchi,' small opening in the side of some traditional Japanese clothing (located where the sleeve meets the bodice, below the armpit) at sides also came from the kosode of common folks, its origin is not clear as to whether it is for convenience of putting it on and taking it off, or some say it is for heat release and others say it is an invention of prostitutes.
Japanese: また、脇に「身八つ口」をつけるようになったのも庶民の小袖が発祥なのだが、この起源は着用の便宜を図るため、放熱のため、または遊女の発案によるなど諸説あり起源ははっきりしない。
English: Many garments like 'tomesode' and also 'miyatsuguchi,' archetype of today's kimono are rooted in the kimono of common people prevailing around this time.
Japanese: 「留袖」にしろ「身八つ口」にしろ、現在の着物の原型はこのころの庶民の着物に端を発する物が多い。
English: Dispatchers of fashion were almost always prostitutes, geisha and kabuki actors.
Japanese: その流行の発端をつくるのはたいがい遊女、芸者、そして歌舞伎役者であった。
English: However, it is thought that beneficiary of these new fashions were just the rich local townsmen in the long run.
Japanese: ただし、これらの流行の恩恵にあずかれるのは地方の富裕な町人どまりであったと考えられる。
English: Although it is thought that 'uchikake' was not for common people, some townsmen who has quasi-court noble or quasi-samurai class clad uchikake for rituals of the family.
Japanese: 「打掛」は庶民には無縁の物と考えられているが、公家や武家に準じた身分を持つ町人などの中には、家の儀礼などに打掛を着用するものもいた。
English: Incidentally, although in costume dramas, kimono of the common people are stock examples with black collars, this fashion came from the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, thus it is strange that this fashion appears in the TV drama 'Mitokomon' where time is depicted as the Genroku era.
Japanese: ちなみに時代劇では庶民の着物は黒襟と決まっているが、この流行は幕末の物であり、元禄時代が舞台の「水戸黄門」に出てくるのはおかしい。
English: Mo consists of a pair of kogoshi used as waist belts, ogoshi similar to koshiita (waist plate) of hakama (men's formal divided skirt), a pair of hikigoshi similar to strings dragged backwards and the main body of the mo similar to a pleated skirt.
Japanese: 腰のベルトとなる二本の小腰、袴の腰板のような大腰、後ろに引きずる紐のような二本の引腰とプリーツスカートのような裳の本体で構成される。
English: There is speculation that koshimaki (waist wrap), a traditional Japanese women's undergarments since ancient times merged with hirami imported from China and the Korean Peninsula and became mo.
Japanese: 日本に昔からあった女性の下着である腰巻と、中国・朝鮮半島から伝わった褶（ひらみ）が一体化した物という説がある。
English: According to the "Engishiki" (codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), mo has two types which are hitoe mo and awase (lined garment) mo depending on the season, and the code stipulates the wearing of the two types of mo, the outer mo and inner mo, however, it became single (hitoe) mo only due to the collapse of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and the prosperity of native Japanese culture.
Japanese: 『延喜式』によると、季節によって単衣の裳と袷の裳があり、また表裳と下裳と2種類の裳を着用するよう定められたが、律令制の崩壊と国風文化の興隆により単の裳だけになっていったと見られる。
English: Although originally the way to wear mo was following the same way as to wear skirts, it changed from the middle of the Heian period and they started to drag the long hem of mo.
Japanese: また、本来スカート着用法による分類の様にして着用していたが、後ろに長く引きずるようになったのは平安中期からである。
English: The mo was made by sewing eight strips of cloth and one each short cloth called agachino was added to the both the right and left sides of the sewn strips.
Japanese: この頃の裳は八幅の生地（八枚の細長い生地）を横についで作り、頒幅（あがちの）という短い生地がその左右につく形になっていた。
English: Speculation is that it was a remnant of an old tradition of the time when they wore mo like a wrap skirt in order not to step on the hem of the long mo.
Japanese: これはかつて裳を巻スカートのように着用していた時代に、長い裳の裾を踏まないようにした名残とされる。
English: Agachino fell into disuse in the Kamakura period, and only the form is left to the offerings made at shrines to Shinto gods at Ise Jingu Shrine and Atsuta Jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 頒幅は鎌倉時代には廃れてしまい、伊勢神宮や熱田神宮の御神宝にだけその形式が残った。
English: As mo is the most important garment in juni-hitoe (traditional multi-layer court costume, literally, twelve-layered ceremonial kimono) layered garment of the Heian period, and people had to wear mo when they served those who were elder or at a higher rank than themselves.
Japanese: 裳は平安時代十二単の中で一番ポイントとなる物であり、自分より身分の高い人、或いは目上の者の前に出る場合は裳は必ず着用せねばならなかった。
English: There is an episode in "Makurano soshi" (the Pillow Book) that informally dressed and relaxed court ladies were surprised at the sudden appearance of the Emperor Ichijo and quickly slipped on karaginu or mo, and also there is a scene at the chapter 'Wakana (New Herbs), Part One' in "Genji Monogatari" (the Tale of Genji) that Akashi no onkata (Lady Akashi) appeared alone wearing mo in respect to the other wives of Genji.
Japanese: 『枕草子』では急な一条天皇のお出ましに略装でくつろいでいた女房が慌てて唐衣や裳を着用するというエピソードがあり、『源氏物語』「若菜上」では明石の御方が他の源氏の妻達に遠慮して唯一裳をまとって登場したと言うシーンがある。
English: As agachino became dead as mentioned above, in the Kamakura period, the simplification of mo was advancing.
Japanese: 上記で述べた頒幅の形骸化に見えるように鎌倉時代には裳の簡略化が進んでいった。
English: In the court, it became generalized that instead of layered uchigi such as itsutsu-ginu (5-layer garment), they usually wore futatsu-ginu (2-layred garment) in case of high ranked ladies and others who slipped on usuginu, although while karaginu was not omitted at the palace of the Emperor and Crown Prince, it was often that mo was not used.
Japanese: 宮中でも通常は五衣などの重ね袿に代えて上臈女房なら二衣、その他は薄衣といったものを羽織るのが一般化し、唐衣は天皇・東宮の御所では略さなかったものの、裳は使用しないことが増えた。
English: And that at the end of Kamakura period, so-called kakeobi type mo, with kogoshi loosely tied at the waist was put on the shoulder in order to make it easy to put on and take off of it became easy, was already established is known from historical materials and pictures such as statues of Fugen Bosatsu (universal god) and ju-rasetsunyo (the ten demonesses), possessed by the Nara National Museum and illustrated narrative scrolls of waka competitions of a different time.
Japanese: そして鎌倉後期には、着脱が容易なように腰で結ぶ小腰をゆるく結んで肩にかける、いわゆる掛帯（懸帯）式の裳が成立していたことが絵画史料から知られる（奈良国立博物館蔵普賢菩薩十羅刹女像・時代不同歌合絵巻ほか）。
English: However, while the change in the way to wear mo was obvious at the time, the way to tailor it was not much different from before and the change was slow.
Japanese: しかしこの時点では着用方法の変化は顕著ながら、仕立てなどはそれまでと大きくはかわらない緩慢な変化であった。
English: In the meantime, when the Onin War broke out and the court nobles were dispersed and the court ceremonies died out, the form of mo and the way to handle it was not passed down.
Japanese: ところが応仁の乱が勃発、これによって公家が離散し宮中の祭儀が行われなくなったことで、裳の形式や扱い方が伝承されなくなってしまった。
English: When Tofukumonin was sent to court to marry the Emperor Gomizunoo, research on the proper way to wear juni-hitoe was conducted, however, the costume newly made from the research was different from the traditional one and the length of mo became extremely short and the hem barely reached the floor.
Japanese: 東福門院の後水尾天皇入内をきっかけとして十二単の着用に関して研究が進められたが、その結果出来た物は以前の物とは異なり、裳の長さは極端に短くなり、床すれすれの長さであった。
English: It is said that wearing a costume over mo which was similar to a kind of mo with the divided hem of sokutai called kokechi no mo began around this time.
Japanese: また纐纈裳（こうけちのも）という束帯の別裾のような裳を更に着用することになったのもこの前後からとされる。
English: These types of mo were worn with a pair of suspender-like supporters called kakeobi attached to mo hanging down from the shoulders and tied around the chest.
Japanese: これらの裳は掛帯という裳についた2本のサスペンダーのような物を肩から掛け、胸の辺りでしばることで着用した。
English: While this kakeobi of the Kamakura period was the same form as that of kogoshi, modern kakeobi was wider and had different embroideries depending on the rank of the wearer.
Japanese: この掛帯も鎌倉時代のそれが小腰の形式のままであったのに対し、近世のものは幅が広く、着用者の身分により異なる刺繍をくわえた。
English: While the kakeobi type mo of modern times is very short in the main body, hikigoshi was extremely long and there was a custom that one point was loosened and temporally fixed to make a loop.
Japanese: 近世の掛帯式の裳は本体がとても短いのに比して引腰は極端に長く、一箇所をたるませて仮止めし、輪を作るという慣習があった。
English: A series of 'restoration' of the Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) to make this costume was called 'Kanei (a name of an era during the Edo period) revival,' however, it came far shorter than that at the peak of the culture of court nobles during the Heian period.
Japanese: この装束を作る一連の有職故実の「復興」は「寛永のご再興」と言われたが、平安時代の貴族文化最盛期の形式には遙か及ばない物であった。
English: This mode is based on emaki of 'Kasuga Gongen Kenki' (miraculous stories of Kasuga deity picture scroll) as a main historical material and was intended to revive the depicted form.
Japanese: この様式は鎌倉時代の「春日権現験記」絵巻を主な資料とし、もっぱらその再現を意図したものである。
English: Kogoshi,' the important decorative composition of mo changed in the way it was used in tune with the times.
Japanese: 裳を構成する重要な装飾である「小腰」は時代により用法が大きく変化した。
English: Although the way to wear mo today is to tie it with kogoshi at the waist and hikigoshi drags behind, originally there was no kogoshi and mo was tied at waist with hikigoshi.
Japanese: 現在の着用法では小腰で腰に裳をしばり、引腰は後ろに引きずるようにしているが、元来は小腰は存在せず、引腰で裳を腰にしばったのである。
English: Hikigoshi used to be a decorative mosuo obi (hem belt), however, it is thought it became more fancy, kogoshi was added separately to make it easier to tie mo.
Japanese: 引腰は装飾的な裙帯であったが、装飾性が高まった結果、結びやすい小腰を別につけることになったのであろう。
English: According to 'Genji Monogatari emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji) and so on, kogoshi was not directly stitched to mo like it is today, and it is understood that a small loop was attached to the end of ogoshi and tied with hikigoshi.
Japanese: 小腰は「源氏物語絵巻」などによると、現在の形式のように直接に縫い付けたものでなく、大腰の端に小さな輪をつけ、引腰をむすびつけていたことがわかる。
English: This way to attach kogoshi was the same as done with the early kakeobi type mo seen in the statue of Fugen Bosatsu ju-rasetsunyo, the possession of Nara National Museum, and further, also the same as the kakeobi type of mo of modern times.
Japanese: この取り付け方は奈良国立博物館蔵普賢菩薩十羅刹女像に見える初期の掛帯式の裳でもかわらず、さらに近世の掛帯式の裳でも同じであった。
English: Ironically, the traditional way to attach kogoshi disappeared with the 'Revival' of restoration style of Tenpo (a name of an era during the Edo period), and became today's stitched type.
Japanese: 皮肉なことに、天保の復古様式の「再興」により伝統的な取り付け方が絶えて、現行の縫い付け式になったのである。
English: It is an example that although 'Revival' means returning to the old-fashion, at the same time it means discontinuing detailed traditions.
Japanese: 「再興」は古式の復活であると同時に、細部に残されていた伝統を断絶させてしまうこともあったという一例である。
English: After the Kamakura period, as the curtailing mo is described as 'Not a hanging kogoshi' seen in historical materials from the middle of the Muromachi period (Kumoino Minori (The Rites)), kogoshi of mo became clothes that hang over the shoulders and are not tied at the waist (koshi or goshi), however, the name kogoshi continued unchanged.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代以降、室町中期の記録で裳を略すことを「小腰をかけず」と表記する（雲居の御法）ことで表されるように裳の小腰が「腰で結ぶ」ものから「肩に掛ける」ものになっても、依然「小腰」の呼称は失われなかった。
English: So far as the expression of historical materials shown in pictures, the depicted item suggests that kogoshi in the Heian to Kamakura period were usually kumihimo (twined cord).
Japanese: 絵画資料による限り、平安・鎌倉時代の小腰は組紐でなかったかと思われる表現が普通である。
English: According to the record when Kitayamain (the wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and the Emperor Gokomatsu's mother equivalent) was sent to court to marry the emperor, many lady servants wore kogoshi with the same color as karaginu, and it implied that kogoshi attracted attention and at the same time, color matching with kogoshi and karaginu was establishing then.
Japanese: 北山院（足利義満夫人・後小松天皇准母）の入内（正式参内）の記録によると供奉の多くの女房の小腰が唐衣と同じ色と記されており、この頃から小腰が注目され始め、同時に唐衣と配色をあわせる風習が成立しはじめていたことをうかがわせる。
English: In addition, among the dress clothes of zoshi (low class maid) of the late Heian period is a 懸帯 (kakeobi), however, it seems this is different from 掛帯 (kakeobi, literally the same meaning, and same pronunciation as the 懸帯) of mo.
Japanese: なお、平安後期の雑仕（下仕よりも下の下女）の盛装に懸帯というものがあるが、裳の掛帯とは別のようである。
English: Other than this, the red lucky charm code the ladies visiting temples and shrines wear around their necks are also called 'kakeobi' but it is of course different from 掛帯 of mo.
Japanese: このほか物詣の女性が首からかける赤い守り紐も「かけおび」というがやはり別のものである。
English: We often watch women of commonalty appear in the periodical drama situated in the medieval ages wear costumes that looks like pleated skirts on a kimono, it is called 'Shibiradatsumono' or 'Mobakama' and it is said that its origin is the same as for mo.
Japanese: 中世を舞台にした大河ドラマでしばしば庶民の女性が着物の上にプリーツスカートのような物を着用しているが、これは「しびらだつ物」「裳袴」と言われる物で、裳と起源は同じ物とされる。
English: Full dress of the women of commonalty during that time was this 'Shibiradatsumono.'
Japanese: ちなみにこの「しびらだつ物」を着るのがこの時代の庶民の女性の礼装であった。
English: Hosonaga is a type of ubugi (swaddling clothes) of the Heian period with a shape similar to kariginu (a type of ancient kimono).
Japanese: 細長（ほそなが）は平安時代の産着の一形態であり、狩衣に形状が似ている。
English: In the Edo period, it became a customary practice for the imperial court to send it as one of the congratulatory gifts for the Tokugawa clan when a heir was born into the clan.
Japanese: 江戸時代には徳川氏に世継ぎが誕生した際に朝廷から祝い品の一つとして送られるのが慣例となった。
English: There is an example of ketteki no ho (open sleeve seams outer robe) for court kids described as 'hosonaga ho,' and so on, in historical documents, the appellation 'hosonaga' is applied for many different sort of clothing.
Japanese: 他、平安後期の文献では殿上童の欠腋袍を「細長袍」と記す例が見られるなど、種類の異なる服について「細長」という呼称が用いられたことがわかる。
English: Although it is generally said that hosonaga is 'a kimono worn by a young lady,' there are examples found here and there in literature of women over 30 wearing hosonaga, so the common idea is doubtful.
Japanese: 一般的に「若い女性の着る着物」とされているが、文学上では30歳を越えているとおぼしき女性が着用している例が散見され、疑問がある。
English: Later during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the reality of hosonaga could not be completely understood due to the collapse of the society of court nobles.
Japanese: その後戦国時代(日本)の公家社会の崩壊により全く実態は不明となった。
English: While the Takakura family initiated a book, "Various costume" of the late Kamakura period, specifications of Women's hosonaga and baby clothes hosonaga is explained differently, in the "Genchu saihisho" (Secret notes on the Tale of Genji) which describes annotations on the tale, compiled by Kawachi side (the family of MINAMOTO no Chikayuki and others who worked actively on the research of "Genji Monogatari" (the Tale of Genji) mainly in Kamakura) of the same age, there was already found a mixture of baby swaddling hosonaga and the female garment hosonaga.
Japanese: 鎌倉後期の高倉家秘伝書『装束色々』では女性用の細長と産着の細長の仕様を別々に説明するが、同じ頃の河内方（源親行ら、主に鎌倉で活躍した源氏物語研究の家）の『源氏物語』の注釈の秘伝を集めた『原中最秘抄』ではすでに産衣細長と女性用の細長の混同が見られる。
English: In the Edo period, with the re-establishment of Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), hosonaga was revived as a full dress for ladies of court nobles to wear at the time of 'Hakamagi ceremony.'
Japanese: 江戸時代、有職故実の復興により公家女子が「袴着の儀式」の時に着用する礼装として復活する。
English: At the imperial family of today, royal princess and the queen wear this type of hosonaga when they perform the 'hakamagi no gishiki' ceremony.
Japanese: 現在の皇室で内親王や女王が「袴着の儀式」を行うときにはこの細長を着用する。
English: Today, only the under age girls of the royal family wear women's hosonaga, and hosonaga as an undergarment for men or baby swaddling hosonaga are not used.
Japanese: なお、現在は未成年の皇族女子が女性用の細長を使用するのみで、男子の下衣としての細長はもちろん、産着の細長も使用されない。
English: As for the hosonaga for women, it is only written that 'there is no high neck of that kinu (clothes)' in a costume guide book, "Masasuke Shozokusho" (Masasuke's Notes on Court Costume) and thus it is barely known that hosonaga is not a sokutai sort of closed collar costume.
Japanese: 女性用の細長については、平安後期の装束解説書『満佐須計装束抄』（まさすけしょうぞくしょう）には「例の衣のあげ首なきなり」とだけ書かれ、ここから束帯の様な詰め襟でないことだけがかろうじて分かる。
English: Kinu' usually means that men's uchiginu (inner garment) or women's kasane-uchiki (a series of brightly colored unlined robes), thus kinu might be a so-called tarikubi (a type of kimono collar, hang-down collar) but there is no reliable evidence.
Japanese: 「衣」(きぬ)といえば普通は男子の内衣や女子の重ね袿をさすので、いわゆる垂頚(着物襟)だったと思われるが、確証はない。
English: A kimono with sides that are not seamed and mae-migoro (front main panel) and ushiro-migoro (back main panel) are separated, and the right and the left of the ushiro-migoro is stitched at the back and is long.
Japanese: 脇が縫われず、前身頃と後ろ身頃が別れており、右と左の後ろ身頃は背で縫われて長い着物
English: Sides are not seamed and migoro (main panel) are all separated parts and they are stitched around the sleeves.
Japanese: 脇が縫われず身頃は全てバラバラのパーツであり、袖の辺りでつなぎ止められている
English: However, because the actual way of wearing hosonaga seen in "Genji Monogatari" (the Tale of Genji) might have been based on fact, it is reasonable to think hosonaga was worn by women including adults by layering with many garments including uchiki and sometimes with mo.
Japanese: しかし、『源氏物語』の実際の着用例は事実をふまえたものであろうから、成人を含めた女性が、袿や時には裳まで含む多くの装束とともに重ねて着用したとみてよい。
English: Though stories about wearing hosonaga are also seen in archaistic tales such as the "Iwashimizu Monogatari" (Tale of Iwashimizu) written during the Kamakura period, it is thought that it may have only been described to create the atmosphere of the ancient times.
Japanese: 細長の着用は『石清水物語』をはじめとする鎌倉時代の擬古物語にも見えるが、この時代にはまさに擬古的な雰囲気を出すために記されただけであろうと思われる。
English: In the meantime, although the costume of a lady depicted in the chapter one of the roll of The Bell Cricket in 'Genji monogatari emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji) (in The Gotoh Museum) used to be thought as 'hosonaga' and it was an example of the shape of the clothes whereby the hem was separated, it turned out recently to be 'uchigi sugata with mo' and not hosonaga through reconstructing and reproducing work of the rolls based on scientific research ("Yomigaeru Genji Monogatari Emaki" (Reviving Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji, NHK Publishing).
Japanese: なお、「源氏物語絵巻」鈴虫第一段（五島美術館）に描かれる女性の装束はかつて「細長」とされ、裾の分かれた細長の形状を示す例とされていたが、近年科学調査に基づく復元模写作成過程で、裳をつけた袿姿であることが明らかになっている（『よみがえる源氏物語絵巻』ＮＨＫ出版）。
English: And it is surmised through a column of a pre-war magazine called 'Fuzokushi Kenkyu' (Study of folklore history) that the idea to reproduce hosonaga assimilated to kazami began with the misconception of a picture of a girl in kazami style on "Shoan Gosechi Emaki" (picture scroll of Shoan gosechi-e (annual court ceremony of girls music)) as hosonaga style.
Japanese: また、汗衫に似た細長の復元案は、「承安五節絵巻」の汗衫姿の童女の図を細長と誤認したことからはじまることが、戦前の雑誌「風俗史研究」の記事などから窺われる。
English: Women's hosonaga in modern times is a formal costume of high and noble Emperor's daughters when they were girls, and the form is similar to uchiki as the aforementioned tailored without a gusset, and it is common to insert nakabe (lining cloth attached between the outer material) like kochigi.
Japanese: 近世の女子の細長は高貴な皇女の幼少時の礼装で、形式は上記のように袿に似ておくみのない仕立てで小袿のように中倍を入れるのが普通である。
English: There is a hosonaga descendent of the Arisugawanomiya family in the Kyoto National Museum, and the form of it is nearly the same as that of the aforementioned emperor's daughter's, however, the length is shorter and it seems there is a distinction of hosonaga between the hosonaga of the imperial family and that of hereditary prince's household.
Japanese: 京都国立博物館には有栖川宮家伝来の細長があるが、皇女の細長とほぼ同じ形式ながら丈がそれよりは短く、皇室と世襲親王家とでは区別があったらしい。
English: Girls' hosonaga in the modern times are clad with layered hitoe (unlined garment) in dark colors (red bean color) and hakama in dark colors, and not layered with itsutsu-ginu (5-layer garment).
Japanese: 近世の童女の細長は濃色（小豆色）の単を重ね、濃色の袴をはいており、五衣等は重ねない。
English: As textile of hitoe is included in Takakurake choshin hikae gire(Takakura family order sample cloths), the possession of Kokugakuin University, it is with smaller saiwai bishi (a pattern of cloth) than that for adult women.
Japanese: 単の生地は國學院大學所蔵高倉家調進控裂にも含まれるが、成人女性用よりは小型の幸菱である。
English: In the Yamashina family, many textiles for hosonaga are matsushige (moegi color for omote (outside cloth), murasaki (purple) for ura (background cloth), koiro color for nakabe or kurenai (deep red) for ura, usu kurenai (light red) for nakabe, an ordered arabesque pattern of white pine for the outside cloth).
Japanese: 山科家では多くの場合松重（表萌黄・裏紫・中倍香色もしくは裏紅・中倍薄紅。表の地は松唐草の浮織）を調進した。
English: Although this form is followed even in the modern times, the degree of freedom on irome (color combinations) has increased and the Emperor Showa's daughters' hosonaga are ordered with many kasane (a sort of layered garment), and also after the war, that of Princess Sugako is of double fabrics of arabesque pattern of white pine upper design on red hexagonal pattern base, and that of Princess Mako is of double fabrics with a white chrysanthemum on a branch woven with plural colored threads on red hexagonal pattern base, and that of Princess Aiko is of double fabrics of circles of white chrysanthemums on a branch (usu kurenai for nakabe, moegi for ura (background), a combination of colors) woven with plural colored threads on kurenai mie tasukiji (a sort of pattern) background.
Japanese: 近代においてもこの形式が踏襲されているが、色目は自由度が増して、昭和天皇の皇女の細長は各種の重ねで調進されており、戦後も清子内親王のそれは紅亀甲地に白松唐草の上紋の二重織物、眞子内親王のそれは紅亀甲地に複数の色糸で白菊折枝を織った二重織物、愛子内親王のそれは紅三重襷地に複数の色糸で白菊折枝の丸（中倍薄紅裏萌黄）を織った二重織物となっている。
English: Hosonaga used as baby clothes are depicted in the 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki Emaki' (illustrated scroll of the Lady Murasaki's Diary) produced in the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 産着としての細長は、鎌倉時代初期の「紫式部日記絵巻」に描かれている。
English: According to the scroll, there are no end sleeves and the hem of front panel and back panel, which is not stitched with ketteki (open sleeve seams), is split and looks like strips.
Japanese: それによると端袖はなく、欠腋で縫われていない前身と後ろ身の裾が分かれて帯状に見える。
English: In the literature, hosonaga and casing of it with detailed description are shown in the column of the birth of the Emperor Gofushimi's Princess Junshi in "Entairyaku"(Diary of Kinkata TOIN).
Japanese: 文献上は、『園太暦』の後伏見天皇皇女珣子内親王誕生の記事に、これを収めた箱とともに詳細な記録がある。
English: Baby hosonaga clothing in modern times is aya (twill weave, pattern of diagonal stripes) with white kikkomon (turtle shell design) (without second dewing) like kariginu (loose short jacket with abbreviated sleeves).
Japanese: 近世の産衣の細長は白い亀甲文の綾で、狩衣のような一身の（背縫いの無い）ものである。
English: The collar is banryo (round neck) but there is no kagero (part to fix clothes) and long cords are attached to the center back of the collar and the end of uwamae (where okagero is attached in case of kariginu) like suikan (the dress of upper class children).
Japanese: 襟は盤領（丸襟）だが蜻蛉はなく、水干のように長い紐を、襟の背中心にあたるところと上前の端（狩衣の雄蜻蛉をつけるところ）につける。
English: These cords are made of two pairs of cords twisted clockwise and anti-clockwise, and tied in a ninamusubi (a type of knot) like cords of women's hiogi (a sort of fan) and are suspended long.
Japanese: この紐は右縒左縒の紐２本づつを使い、女性の檜扇の紐のように蜷結びにして長く下げる。
English: In the meantime, there are size charts in a book from a descendent of the Takakura family, "Shozoku Sunpo Shinhisho" (selection of costume size secrets) (in 1400).
Japanese: 一方、高倉家伝来の『装束寸法深秘抄』（応永6年）には図入りの寸法書がある。
English: A small cloth called 'katano hira hira' (flaps on the shoulders) is attached to the back of banryo collar (perhaps, the cloth is a surplus made when the collar was cut out) and semamori nui (back sewn as a charm) is made from the cloth.
Japanese: 盤領だが背面に「肩のひらひら」という小さな裂がつけられ（おそらく襟をあけるときに出た生地であろう）、そこから背守り縫いを施している。
English: The long cords attached to the collar are folded at the center and kagero is made there and both ends are suspended long and made into a ninamusubi (a sort of decorative knot).
Japanese: 襟につけられた紐は、長い紐を二つ折りにした中央で蜻蛉を作り、その両端を長くたらして、そこに蜷結びを施している。