nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to "Hone ha kataru: Tokugawa Shogun Daimyoke no hitobito" (Bones talk: the people of Tokugawa shogun and daimyo families) by Hisashi SUZUKI, who observed the refurbishment of the Tokugawa shogun family's grave site at Zojo-ji Temple where Ienobu was also buried and who was also in charge of inspecting the remains, Ienobu was apparently a soft-looking, lean-faced handsome man with a shapely nose and he shared very little resemblance with his father Tsunashige except for the fact that he was round-shouldered.
Japanese: 家宣の埋葬された増上寺で徳川将軍家の墓地が改葬された際に、これに立ち会い被葬者の遺骨の調査を担当した鈴木尚の著書『骨は語る徳川将軍・大名家の人びと』によると、家宣は細面で鼻筋が通っていて穏やかな顔立ちをした美男であったといい、父・綱重とは猫背であったこと以外に似ている部分は非常に少なかったという。
English: And according to "Zojo-ji Tokugawa Shogunbo to sono Ihin Itai" (The Tokugawa shogun family's graveyard at Zojo-ji Temple and the mementos and remains), which was mainly compiled by Suzuki, Ienobu's blood type was ABO, the same as his great-grandfather Hidetada, who served as the second shogun, and his father Tsunashige.
Japanese: また、鈴木が中心となって編纂した『増上寺徳川将軍墓とその遺品・遺体』によれば、家宣のABO式血液型は曽祖父の第2代将軍・秀忠、及び父・綱重と同じくABO式血液型であった。
English: His remains show that Ienobu was 160 cm tall, meaning that he was slightly taller than the average Japanese male at the time.
Japanese: 遺骨によると、家宣の身長は当時の日本人としては平均よりやや高い160.0センチメートルである。
English: Akiyoshi YAMADA (November 18,1844-November 11,1892) was a samurai (a feudal retainer of the Choshu Domain), statesman and army military man.
Japanese: 山田顕義（やまだあきよし、1844年11月18日（天保15年10月9日(旧暦)）-1892年11月11日）は、日本の武士（長州藩士）､政治家、陸軍軍人。
English: He was the founder of Nihon University (Nihon Law School) and Kokugakuin University (incorporated educational institution Kokugakuin University), devoting himself to arranging the legal code of modern times in Japan.
Japanese: 近代日本の法典整備に力を尽くし、日本大学（日本法律学校）、國學院大學（学校法人國學院大學）の学祖でもある。
English: In November 18, 1844, he was born first son to a feudal retainer of the Choshu Domain Akiyukishichibei YAMADA (upper-ranked "kumishi" samurai, rokudaka (stipend), head of the domain navy) in Higashibun Tsubakigou Abu gun Nagato Province (Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture) in those days.
Japanese: 天保15年（1844年）10月9日、当時の長門国阿武郡椿郷東分（山口県萩市）で、長州藩士である山田七兵衛顕行（大組士、禄高102石、藩海軍頭）の長男として生まれる。
English: In March, his uncle Matasuke YAMADA made him learn military science from Kuro NAKAMURA and Takemura TAKEUCHI.
Japanese: 2月、伯父の山田亦介により、中村九郎と竹内竹叢から兵学を教授される。
English: In April, he entered the Meirinkan Domain school, learning swordplay (Yagyu Shinkage-ryu) under grand master Shohei UMAKI, and received a license to teach it.
Japanese: 3月、藩校明倫館に入って師範の馬木勝平から剣術（柳生新陰流）を学び、文久2年（1862年）には柳生新陰流伝中許を得ている。
English: In 1858, he was given a fan on which written a song about how to find purpose in life, saying 'To Yamada' 'Don't be afraid to be different from others if you resolve something, Don't follow the public view, Don't think about the suffering after death, Learn that pleasure is fleeting, 100years is only a moment, Please don't waste your time.' by Shoin YOSHIDA.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、、吉田松陰から「与山田生」（詩）「立志尚特異俗流與議難不思身後業且偸目前安百年一瞬耳君子勿素餐」と立志の目標が書かれた扇面を与えられる。
English: In the fall of 1862, he went to the capital, serving as a bodyguard of Sadahiro MORI, the successor to the lord of the domain.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）秋に上京し、藩主の跡継ぎである毛利定広の警護を務めるようになった。
English: In January 1863, he put his name on the paper with a seal of blood (of Mitate group) swearing to the expulsion of foreigners along with Shinsaku TAKASUGI, Genzui KUSAKA, Monta SHIDO (later Kaoru INOUE), Shunsuke ITO (later Hirobumi ITO) and Yajiro SHINAGAWA.
Japanese: 同年12月、高杉晋作、久坂玄瑞、志道聞多（のちの井上馨）、伊藤俊輔（のちの伊藤博文）、品川弥二郎らとともに攘夷の血判書（御楯組血判書）に名を連ねた。
English: In May 18,1863, when Emperor Komei went to Kamo-jinja Shrine to pray for the exclusion of foreigners, Akiyoshi attended Sadahiro MORI as a guard in front of the Emperor.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）3月31日、孝明天皇の攘夷祈願の賀茂神社行幸に際して、御前警護のため毛利定広に随行した。
English: In the Coup of August 18 that happened in the same year, he guarded Sakaimachigomon as a samurai of the Choshu clan, charging a cannon, but cleared off by Kobu Gattai ha (supporters of the doctrine of unity between the Bakufu and the imperial court), he went along with Sanetomi SANJO and other seven Kugyo (high court noble) of Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctorine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) in their Choshu exile (the exile of the Seven nobles from Kyoto).
Japanese: 同年の八月十八日の政変では長州藩兵として堺町御門の警備を担当し大砲掛となるも、公武合体派に排除され、三条実美以下7人の尊皇攘夷派公卿の長州亡命（七卿落ち）に同行した。
English: In 1864, he joined the camp of Genzui KUSAKA and Izumi MAKI, which was lining up at Yamazaki, in Kinmon Incident, and Yamada escaped to Choshu with them, as the Choshu army was beaten.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）、禁門の変では山崎に布陣する久坂玄瑞、真木和泉らの陣に加わったものの長州勢は敗北し、山田も長州へ落ち延びている。
English: In September of the same year, he formed the Mitate party with Ichinoshin ODA and Yajiro SHINAGAWA, fighting hard in the Shimonoseki War as Assitant Deputy General, however, the Choshu Domain was defeated.
Japanese: 同年8月、大田市之進、品川弥二郎らと御楯隊を創設し、軍監となって下関戦争で奮戦するも長州藩は敗北した。
English: During December of the same year, he joined Shinsaku TAKASUGI, who rose up to fight against 'conventional party' which was supporting the doctorine of allegiance to Bakufu and ruling the Domain, defeating and removing them.
Japanese: 同年12月、対幕府恭順論の「俗論派」による藩支配に対する高杉晋作の決起に参戦し勝利を収め、「俗論派」を排除する。
English: In 1866, he was appointed as a head of the cannon party of Yang Fire Tiger Maru by Shinsaku TAKASUGI, governor of the Domain navy, in Second conquest of Choshu, making a surprise attack on the warship of Bakufu in June of the same year.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）、第二次長州征伐では藩海軍総督の高杉晋作から丙寅丸の砲隊長に任命され、同年6月、周防大島沖で幕府軍艦を奇襲攻撃。
English: And on August 29 of the same year, a second conquest of Choshu was aborted due to the death of Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: なお、同年7月20日に将軍徳川家茂の死去により第二次長州征伐は休戦となった。
English: In June 1867, he assumed Sokan (director) of the Seibu party, which was a coalition of the Mitate party and the Koujo party.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）5月、御楯隊と鴻城隊を合体した整武隊の総管に就任。
English: In December of the same year,he went into Kyoto by sea along with some 700 people in the spearhead convoy of the expeditionary force to the east, which was under Takumi MOURI, governor of all the army, ordered by the lord of domain Takachika MORI, who had been requested by the Satsuma Domain to dispatch the troops for the movement to overthrow the Shogunate.
Japanese: 同年11月、薩摩藩から倒幕運動の出兵要請を受けた藩主毛利敬親の命令で、全軍総督である毛利内匠の東征軍先鋒隊700人余とともに海路で京都に入った。
English: In January, 1868, he was assigned as vice general staff of Yoshiakira NINNAJINOMIYA, the governor-general of suppression of a new government, in Toba-Fushimi War.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）1月、鳥羽・伏見の戦いにおいて、新政府・仁和寺宮嘉彰征討総督の副参謀に任命される。
English: He won victories in the Boshin War and the Battle of Hakodate, leading the Imperial army as general staff of the army and of the navy and army.
Japanese: 陸軍参謀兼海陸軍参謀として官軍を率い、戊辰戦争や箱館戦争で勝利した。
English: In July, 1869, he was awarded for his distinguished war service, granted audiences by the Emperor along with Kiyotaka KURODA in the Imperial court.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）6月、宮中において黒田清隆参謀らとともに天皇に謁見、戦功を賞される。
English: He assumed the position of official of national defense as the new government-regulated organization (System of Departments of State) came into effect, dismissed from the position of vice general staff of the army and navy.
Japanese: 陸海軍参謀の任を解かれ、新官制（太政官制）施行による兵部大丞に就任。
English: He received instructions concerning the founding of the Japanese modern military system from ailing Omura, submitting an Outline of the responsibilities of the Ministry of the Military, in which he organized the plan Omura had left behind, cosigning with Michitsune KOGA, Hyobu-shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of Military), to Departments of State in December.
Japanese: 病床の大村より日本近代軍制の創設について指示を受け、11月には兵部少輔久我通久と連署で大村の遺策をまとめた『兵部省軍務ノ大綱』を太政官に提出。
English: In 1870, he spent his days travelling back and forth between Osaka Hyobusho (ministry of the military) branch office constructed in Osaka-jo Castle ruins and the head office in Tokyo, on Omura's plan.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）、大村の計画に従い、大坂城跡に設置された大坂兵部省出張所と東京の本省とを往復する日々を過ごす。
English: Around May, he started appealing to influential person in politics who were in charge of implementation of conscription (Shinbi draft) restricted to Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
Japanese: 5月頃から畿内限定の徴兵制（辛未徴兵）施行の政府有力者に働き掛けを開始する。
English: In September, he strongly wanted to watch the Franco-Prussian War, denied by Toshimichi OKUBO and others who were concerned about interruption in ministry work because Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA and other members of Hyobusho (ministry of military) also wanted to.
Japanese: 9月には普仏戦争の観戦を強く希望するが、川村純義等他の兵部省員等も希望した為、省務の停滞を危惧した大久保利通等の指示により許可されなかった。
English: In the same year, he married Tatsuko who was the first daughter of Kiemon KASHIMAYA of Yuda onsen (hot spring) Kawaraya and also the adopted daughter of Kaoru INOUE, Okura taijo (Senior Secretary of the Minister of the Treasury).
Japanese: この年、大蔵大丞井上馨の養女、湯田温泉瓦屋の鹿島屋喜右衛門の長女龍子と結婚。
English: In February, 1871, even though he started the Shinbi draft in Osaka, it was postponed in May (conscription continued until August in reality).
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）1月、大坂にて辛未徴兵を開始するも、5月には事実上延期となる（実際には8月まで募兵は続いている）。
English: Which was due to poor quality of conscription and fundamental problems such as lack of training officers or facilities.
Japanese: これは徴兵の質及び、指導士官や施設の不足等の根本的な問題の為だった。
English: In August, he was assigned as Army Major General attending Hyobusho (ministry of the military), dismissed from Hyobu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of War), for reasons unclear.
Japanese: 7月、陸軍少将に任ぜられ、兵部大丞を解かれ兵部省付きとなるが、その理由は不透明。
English: He reached Washington, D.C. by way of San Francisco, Salt Lake City and Chicago.
Japanese: サンフランシスコ、ソルトレイクシティ、シカゴを経由し、ワシントンD.C.に到着。
English: In March 1872, he parted from Iwakura and others with a party of Hyobusho (ministry of the military) (Ichido HARADA, Fuyuki TOMINAGA, Choujyurou IWASHITA,Fumisuke MATSUMURA), going to France after visiting navy facilities in Philadelphia.
Japanese: 明治5年2月（1872年3月）、兵部省一行（原田一道・富永冬樹・岩下長十郎・松村文亮）とともに岩倉らと別れ、フィラデルフィアの海軍施設等を見学後、渡仏。
English: He inspected military systems in European countries such as Berlin, the Netherlands, Belgium, Lausanne, Bulgaria and Russia, focusing on Paris.
Japanese: パリを中心に、ベルリン、オランダ、ベルギー、ローザンヌ、ブルガリア、ロシア等欧州各国で軍制を調査。
English: He received the cooperation of Masamoto WATARI, military overseas student in France, and Tokusaburou OTA respectively.
Japanese: 欧州ではフランスに軍事留学生の渡正元、太田徳三郎がそれぞれ協力した。
English: In May 1873, he left for home from Marseilles harbor, having stopped at the world exposition in Vienna.
Japanese: ウィーン万国博覧会にも立ち寄り、明治6年（1873年）5月、マルセイユ港から帰途に着く。
English: In September, he demanded postponement of the Conscription Ordinance implemented during his travels to study, submitting a report (on education in foreign countries), which indicated 'soldiers are lethal weapons'.
Japanese: 9月、「兵は凶器なり」と指摘した上申書（理事官功程）提出、自身が遊学中に施行された徴兵令の延期を求めた。
English: In July, he was assigned as Commander Admiral of Tokyo chindai (garrison in the Meiji period), and as envoy extraordinary of Qing in November, dismissed from the former.
Japanese: 7月、東京鎮台司令長官に任命されるが、11月には同職を解かれ清国特命全権公使に任命される。
English: Yamada had no intention to go to Qing himself, and Takayoshi KIDO appealed Yamada's dismissal from envoy extraordinary of Qing to Toshimichi OKUBO.
Japanese: 山田本人に渡清の意思はなく、木戸孝允も大久保利通に対して同職の解任の働き掛けをしている。
English: However, in February 1874, before he came to reside in Qing, he was dismissed from the extraordinary envoy of Qing due to the outbreak of the Saga War, travelling to Kyushu to suppress the war.
Japanese: しかし、清国駐在に至る前の明治7年（1874年）2月、佐賀の乱が勃発し、同職を解かれ、乱鎮圧のため九州出張。
English: In July of the same year, he assumed Shiho-taifu (post as Ministry of Justice) while continuing as Army Major General, persuaded by Hirobumi ITO, and awarded for distinguished war service in Saga War at the same time.
Japanese: 同年7月、佐賀の乱鎮圧の戦功を賞され、一方で伊藤博文等の説得により、現役陸軍少将のまま司法大輔に就任。
English: Yamada was in a tenuous position in the government, having no actual status, except the title of Army Major General due to his confrontation between Aritomo YAMAGATA over implementation of the Conscription Ordinance since he returned home, which forced him to change direction.
Japanese: 帰国以来、山縣有朋と徴兵令施行等の意見衝突によって対立していた山田は陸軍少将の肩書きのみで陸軍に実質的な地位はなく、政府内で微妙な立場にあった為、方向転換せざるをえなかった。
English: It appears he bought a parcel of land of Otowa Bunkyo-ku Ward, on which he built a Western-style house later, before July 1876.
Japanese: 明治9年（1876年）7月頃には、後に洋館を建てる文京区音羽の土地は購入していたらしい。
English: In March 1877, as the Seinan War broke out, he went to Kyoto by himself, preparing to resign from Shiho-taifu (post of Ministry of Justice), and appealed for departure for the front to suppress it.
Japanese: 明治10年（1877年）3月、西南戦争勃発により、司法大輔を辞職する覚悟で単身京都に出張し、鎮圧出征を懇願する。
English: In February 1878, he was engaged on compiling a code of law as a member of Penal Code draft reviewing committee.
Japanese: 明治11年（1878年）2月、刑法草案審査委員として法典編纂に従事。
English: Around August or September of 1881, he showed his original draft of the constitution "A personal proposal constitution" to Taruhitoshinnou ARISUGAWANOMIYA, Minister of the Left, and the revised one to Tomomi IWAKURA, Minister of the Right.
Japanese: 明治14年（1881年）8、9月頃、独自の憲法草案である「憲法私案」を左大臣有栖川宮熾仁親王に呈し、さらに改定したものを右大臣岩倉具視に呈す。
English: In April 1883, he ordered the improvement of sewer systems also in Tokyo to Yoshimasa AKIKAWA, the Governor of Tokyo Prefecture, for the reason of hygiene.
Japanese: 明治16年（1883年）4月、東京府知事芳川顕正に対し、衛生上の理由から、東京府においても下水道改良整備を示達。
English: In December 1885, as the cabinet system was inaugurated, he assumed the post as the first Minister of Justice in The First Ito Cabinet.
Japanese: 明治18年（1885年）12月、内閣制度発足、第1次伊藤内閣の司法大臣（初代）に就任。
English: In October of the same year, he assumed the position as the head of Law investigating, contributing to compilation of Civil Code, Commercial Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Japanese: 同年10月、法律取調委員長に就任し、民法・商法・訴訟法の編纂事業に貢献。
English: In December, he submitted a draft of law of Minpoten (legal code provides for basic stipulation related to Civil Code) and the Commercial Legal Code to prime minister Kiyotaka KURODA and the Cabinet, and in April 1890, property part, acquisition of property part, security for an obligation part and evidence part of the Civil Code and civil action were issued.
Japanese: 12月、民法典、商法典の各法案を黒田清隆総理大臣及び内閣に提出（明治23年（1890年）4月、民法中の財産編・財産取得編・債権担保編・証拠編、民事訴訟が公布。
English: In October of the same year, the personnel affairs part of the Civil Code, donation covering the acquisition of property part, testamentary bequest, husband and wife and property contract were issued.
Japanese: 同年10月、民法人事編・財産取得編中贈与・遺贈・夫婦・財産契約が公布。
English: However, implementation was postponed as the legal code dispute read; 'As Civil Code is appearing, loyalty to one's master and filial piety is dying' was stirred up.
Japanese: しかし、「民法出デテ、忠孝亡ブ」との法典論争が巻き起こり、施行が延期される）。
English: On October 4 of the same year, he joined to establish Nihon University (the predecessor of incorporated educational institution Nihon University) in that location during the night.
Japanese: 同年10月4日、同所内夜間に日本大学（学校法人日本大学の前身）を創設に参加。
English: In 1890, he established the incorporated educational institution Kokugakuin University (now Kokugakuin University) in Koten Kokyusho.
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）、皇典講究所内に学校法人國學院大學（現・國學院大學）創設。
English: The fact was because he took responsibility for not having obeyed the orders of Emperor Meiji to execute the perpetrator in the Otsu Incident.
Japanese: 実情は大津事件で犯人を死刑に処せとの明治天皇の指示に副えなかった責任をとっての辞任であった。
English: In November of the same year, he fell unconscious suddenly while inspecting Tajima Ikuno Silver Mine (Ikuno town Asago gun Hyogo Prefecture) and died.
Japanese: 同年11月、但馬・生野銀山（兵庫県朝来郡生野町）を視察中に突然卒倒し、そのまま立てずに死去。
English: His funeral ceremony was carried out with Buddhist rites, but he preferred Shinto style while he lived.
Japanese: 葬儀は母鶴子により仏葬で営まれたが、本人は生前から神葬を希望していた。
English: Taking that into consideration, his funeral was also carried out with Shinto rites by volunteers of Koten Kokyusho as 'Koten Kokyusho funeral'.
Japanese: それを汲んでか、皇典講究所の有志によって「皇典講究所葬」として神式の葬送も行われた。
English: His grave is at Gokoku-ji Temple (the location of Nihon University Buzan high school) in Ootsuka Bunkyo-ku Ward Tokyo (Bunkyo-ku Ward).
Japanese: 墓所は東京都文京区大塚(文京区)の護国寺（日本大学豊山高校所在地）にある。
English: In 1979, 'Akiyoshi Park' was founded at his birth place in Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture by Nihon University in commemoration of its ninetieth anniversary.
Japanese: 昭和54年（1979年）、日本大学が建学90周年を記念し山口県萩市の誕生地に「顕義園」が設けられた。
English: After his first son's premature death, his nephew Hisao succeeded his title of count as the selected heir, but he also died young.
Japanese: 長男の夭折後、甥の久雄が選定相続人となって伯爵位を継ぐが若くして死亡。
English: Hanei KAWAKAMI, who was the natural father of Hisao and Yamada's own younger brother, returned and succeeded to the Yamada family, becoming the third count.
Japanese: これにより、久雄の実父で山田の実弟である河上繁栄夫婦が再び山田家に戻って継承し、三代目伯爵となる。
English: After Yamada's first daughter Umeko (who was six at the time of his death. Brought up by Tastuko) when she came of age, Hideo MATSUDAIRA, the third son of Katamori MATSUDAIRA, was taken for her husband from the Aizu-Matsudaira family.
Japanese: その後は山田の長女梅子（山田死亡当時6歳。龍子が養育）が成人後、会津松平家より、松平容保の三男松平英夫を婿取った。
English: Soroku Ebara (born March 10, 1842; died May 19, 1922) was a former retainer of the shogun who subsequently became a Japanese statesman and educator, as well as a Christian.
Japanese: 江原素六（えばらそろく、天保13年1月29日(旧暦)(1842年3月10日)-大正11年（1922年）5月19日）は、旧幕臣、日本の政治家、教育者、キリスト者。
English: He was raised in an impoverished family who made toothpicks to supplement their income, and though he experienced hardship, he was able to study swordsmanship and Western studies, and was appointed as an instructor at Kobusho.
Japanese: 房楊枝作りを手内職とする貧しい家庭に育ち、辛苦を舐めながらの生活であったが、剣術、洋学を学び、講武所の教授方として取り立てられる。
English: As the bakufu was short of manpower at the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, he was appointed as a commander, and even after the fall of Edo Castle, he fought the army of the new government at Ichikawa, Funabashi and the like, eventually being injured and withdrawing from the battlefront.
Japanese: 鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、人材不足の幕府側の指揮官として戦ったことが認められ、江戸城開城後も市川・船橋戦争などで新政府軍と戦うも負傷して戦線を離脱する。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, he was pardoned thanks to the good offices of Kaishu KATSU, and relocated to Numazu, and in order to educate the children of former retainers of the bakufu, he made exhaustive efforts to establish the heigakko (Numazu officer academy), Sunto school for girls (present day West Numazu High School, Shizuoka Prefecture), as well as the Azabu Gakuen in Tokyo.
Japanese: 明治維新後に勝海舟の執り成しで罪を許されて沼津市へ移り住み、旧幕臣の子女への教育の為、沼津兵学校、駿東女学校（現・静岡県立沼津西高等学校）設立に尽力するとともに、東京に麻布学園を創設。
English: In Numazu, under a work program established for former retainers of the bakufu, he established a company for exporting tea, conducted a movement of disposing the government forest on Mt. Ashitaka, and so on.
Japanese: 沼津では、旧幕臣の授産事業として、愛鷹山官林の払い下げ運動や茶の輸出会社の設立などを行った。
English: He served as the head of Sunto County, and was elected to the Diet in the first general election of members of the House of Representatives, where he was active in the Rikken seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO).
Japanese: 駿東郡長をつとめたり、第1回衆議院議員総選挙で当選、立憲政友会の結成に活躍した。
English: Even though he was elected to the House of Peers in 1912, he remained active as a statesman until he died.
Japanese: 1912年に貴族院_(日本)に移行しながらも没年まで政治家として活躍した。
English: In addition, after he became a Christian in 1877, he established the Christian Church of Numazu, and was active in church related activities, serving as the fifth head of the Tokyo YMCA, and so on.
Japanese: また1877年にキリスト教信者になってからは、沼津教会を設立したり、東京YMCA（キリスト教青年会）第5代理事長などもつとめ、積極的に宗教活動を行った。
English: Several days after he embarked on a school trip in his capacity as a principal of the junior high school he established in Azabu, taking his students to Hakone, he died of cerebral apoplexy at the age of 80.
Japanese: 自ら設立し校長を務めた麻布中学校の箱根への遠足の数日後、脳溢血で死亡（80歳没）。
English: Honinbo (Holder of the Honinbo Title for the strongest player of the board game of go) Shusai (June 24, 1874 - January 18, 1940) was a go (the board game of go, hereinafter referred to as go) player who lived from the Meiji period through to the Showa period.
Japanese: 本因坊秀哉（ほんいんぼうしゅうさい、1874年6月24日-1940年1月18日）は、明治から昭和にかけての囲碁の棋士(囲碁)。
English: After retirement, he transferred the title of Honinbo to the Nihon Ki-in (literally, the Japanese Go Association), which led to the foundation of Honinbo title match.
Japanese: 引退後に本因坊の名跡を日本棋院に譲渡し、選手権制の本因坊戦創設に導いた。
English: Yasuhisa's father was Yasunaga TAMURA who worked at the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs, and his uncle (parent's older brother) was Tamotsu MURATA who was a senator of the House of Lords and known for his impeachment address against Yamamoto's Cabinet which was allegedly involved in the Siemens scandal.
Japanese: 父は内務省(日本)勤務の田村保永、伯父は貴族院(日本)議員でシーメンス事件での弾劾演説で知られる村田保。
English: When Yasuhisa studied at the Hoensha, there were only four live-in disciples including Senji ISHII who was the school manager, Tomita DOKE, Eijiro SUGIOKA and Yasuhisa TAMURA.
Japanese: 当時の住み込みの塾生は、塾頭の石井千治、道家富太、杉岡榮治郎、田村保寿の四人だった。
English: In November 1891, Yasuhisa was expelled from the Hoensha, thereafter staying away from go for a while.
Japanese: 1891年（明治24年）、11月、方円社を除名され、一時期囲碁から離れる。
English: As a disciple of Shuei, Tamura exerted the usual strength such that he alone could keep taking Black to move first throughout a game (one-stone-handicap game called josen) with Master Shuei who otherwise kept gaining the upper hand with the other disciples by playing a handicap game called sen-ni (i.e. for two games out of three, the lower-rank player is allowed to take Black and for the last one game he or she plays a two-stone-handicap game), and Tamura was therefore viewed as the most successful candidate for the next Honinbo.
Japanese: 秀栄門下でも強さを発揮し、当時他の棋士達をことごとく先二以下に打ち込んでいた秀栄に唯一定先を保ち、本因坊継承の最有力候補と見られていた。
English: However, Master Shuei who personally disliked Tamura hesitated to let Tamura succeed his title, and after he became ill in bed, Tamura was never permitted to visit him.
Japanese: しかし、秀栄本人は田村の事を嫌い、後を継がせる事に消極的で秀栄が寝込む様になってからは面会も許されなくなった。
English: Knowing that Junichi KARIGANE did not come up to Tamura's shoulder, Shuei still seemed to hope that Juinchi succeed him.
Japanese: 秀栄は雁金準一の実力が田村に及ばないことを認めながら、田村でなく雁金を後継者に望んでいたふしがある。
English: It is said that wayward and penny-pinching Yasuhisa was hated by Shuei due to his such character.
Japanese: 田村の性格は極めて我が強く、また金銭にうるさい所があり、そういった所が秀栄に嫌われた要因であろうと言われている。
English: In 1907, despite Tamura's continuous appeal for the right to succeed the title of Honinbo, Shuei died without designating his successor.
Japanese: 1907年、田村は本因坊継承の運動を盛んに行っていたものの結局秀栄は後継を決めないままに死去。
English: The disputes over the successor were resolved by the 16th Honinbo named Shugen who was a younger brother of Shuei.
Japanese: この事態を収めたのは、16世本因坊であり、秀栄の弟の本因坊秀元であった。
English: Shugen suggested that he took over the title of the 20th Honinbo temporarily and let Tamura succeed him one year later, thereby resolving the disputes.
Japanese: 秀元は一旦20世本因坊に就き、一年後田村に本因坊を継がせることでこの事態を収拾した。
English: Once becoming the Honinbo, Shusai proved the difference by dominating the other top-ranked professional go players who could only play a handicap game of at least sen-ni with Shusai.
Japanese: その後、周りに自分の実力を見せ付けるように他の一流棋士達を先二以下に打ち込む。
English: As a result of that renowned go match full of thrilling twists and turns, Shusai defeated Junichi, thereby achieving distinction as the invincible Meijin.
Japanese: 石取りの名局と謳われたスリリングなねじり合いの末に勝利し、不敗の名人の名を高めることとなった。
English: From 1933 to 1934 Shusai played a match against Seigen GO who was a holder of fifth dan (rank) and had won the "Japan Go Championship" hosted by The Yomiuri Shimbun, and in that match between Shusai and Seigen a handicap called Mukai-sen (or Muko-sen) was applied and Seigen therefore took Black throughout the match, resulting in Shusai's victory by 2 points (to be hereinafter described).
Japanese: 1933年～1934年、読売新聞主催の「日本囲碁選手権手合」に優勝した呉清源五段と向先で対戦、2目勝ちを収める（後述）。
English: Shusai reportedly considered making Soji KOGISHI (also read OGISHI), who was Shusai's strong favorite disciple, his successor, but unfortunately Shusai Kogishi died young.
Japanese: 秀哉は後継者として愛弟子の小岸壮二を考えていたといわれるが、意に反し小岸は夭折した。