nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Within the hall, in addition to the 'Memorial hall' where Doctor SUEKAWA's belongings as well as his social or academic accomplishments are exhibited, a jury court that was in fact used in Kyoto District Court for 15 years from 1928 was moved and reconstructed as 'The MATSUMOTO memorial hall, a jury court' and is open to the public free of charge.
Japanese: 館内には、末川博士の社会的・学問的業績、遺品などを展示する「メモリアルルーム」のほか、京都地方裁判所で1928年から15年にわたって実際に使われていた陪審法廷が「松本記念ホール陪審法廷」として移築され、1999年4月より無料で一般に公開されている。
English: In the lecture room, 'Saturday courses by Ritsumeikan,' lecture courses by the university for the general public opened on March 31, 1946, are still held even now on every Saturday as well as lecture courses for the general public.
Japanese: また、講義室では、1946年3月31日に開始された市民向け大学講座「立命館土曜講座」が現在でも毎週土曜日に一般向け講座として開講されている。
English: In addition, the hall also houses 'The office for compiling the century history of Ritsumeikan,' 'Calm, a restaurant' and 'The Shirakawa-commemorating oriental writing culture research laboratory.'
Japanese: このほか会館内には、「立命館大学百年史編纂室」、「レストラン・カルム」、「白川記念東洋文字文化研究所」などが併設されている。
English: When construction of the hall was completed, lectures commemorating it were held, and the contents were later put together in 'Towards the future: lectures given commemorating the completion of Suekawa Memorial Hall' (by the administration office of Suekawa Memorial Hall of Ritsumeikan University, 1985).
Japanese: 記念会館竣工に際し記念講演が開催されているが、その内容は後に「未来をもとめて-末川記念館竣工記念講演集（1985年、立命館大学末川記念会館事務局編）」にまとめられ出版されている。
English: In the room located on the first floor of the memorial hall, in addition to the panels that are hung on the walls for showing the doctor's accomplishments, the goods that the doctor loved, his major literary works, hanging scrolls, calligraphic works and paintings, and photographs are also exhibited.
Japanese: 記念館1階に位置し、博士の業績を記した展示パネルが掲げられているほか、生前に愛用した品、主要著作、掛け軸、書画、写真などが展示されている。
English: The room is also provided with a study and reception room which reproduces, in the actual size, the ones in his house.
Japanese: ルーム内には、自宅書斎および応接室の様子を再現した実物大のセットもある。
English: The lecture room, located on the western side of the first floor in the memorial hall, is mid-sized, with a capacity of 185 persons, and is used for the Saturday courses by Ritsumeikan as well as for symposiums, for lecture meetings and for explanation meetings.
Japanese: 記念館1階西側にある講義室は、最大185名を収容できる中型の講義室で、シンポジウムや講演会、説明会のほか、立命館土曜講座の会場としても利用されている。
English: In the hall in front of the lecture room, "A commentary on the Theodosius code, that my father loved," an oil painting by Yoko KUBOTA, Doctor SUEKAWA's second daughter, is exhibited, which depicts "A commentary on the Theodosius code," his beloved 1664-version book he bought in an old-book store while he was staying in France for study.
Japanese: 講義室前ホールには、末川博士の二女・窪田洋子氏が描いた油絵「父の愛した『テオドシウス法典注釈書』」が展示されているが、これは博士ががフランス留学時代に現地の古書店で購入し愛蔵していた1664年版の「テオドシウス法典注釈書」を描いたもの。
English: "The MATSUMOTO memorial hall, a jury court" located on the west side of the second floor in the memorial hall is "the 15th court" in fact used in the Kyoto District Court, which was dismantled and has been reconstructed here.
Japanese: 記念館2階西側にある「松本記念ホール陪審法廷」は京都地方裁判所で実際に使われていた「15号法廷」を移築したもの。
English: The construction of the court was completed in 1928, and the court was used six times in total by 1943 when the jury law was abolished.
Japanese: 1928年に完成し、陪審法が停止される1943年まで合計6件の審議に使われた。
English: Initially, it was decided to destroy the court, but Nisuke MATSUMOTO, an alumnus of Ritsumeikan University, contributed to the dismantlement of the court and its complete reconstruction in Suekawa Memorial Hall.
Japanese: 当初、陪審法廷は取り壊しが決まっていたが、立命館大学校友の松本仁介氏の寄付により、末川記念会館へ完全移築が実現されることとなった。
English: The inside design of the court is stately and unusual in that a traditional European building style, using hanging lighting apparatus and an arch-style ceiling, and the age-old traditional Japanese building style, using wood materials, are integrated.
Japanese: 法廷内は、つり下げ式の照明装置やアーチ型天井など、ヨーロッパの伝統的な建築様式と、日本古来の木造建築様式とが融合した重厚で特徴的なデザインとなっている。
English: The seats for prosecutors are placed beside those for judges but those for defense attorneys are located in the lowest place, plainly showing a feature of the judicial system at that time.
Japanese: また、判事席の横、同じ高さに検事席が設けられているに対し、弁護人席が一番低い位置に設けられているなど、当時の司法制度の特徴を端的に表わすつくりとなっている。
English: Twelve seats are provided for the jury, with seats for defendants, for clerical persons and for the public are provided as well.
Japanese: 陪審員席は12名分が設けられており、ほかに被告人席、書記席、傍聴人席が設けられている。
English: The other jury court still remaining in Japan is 'the special court' in the Yokohama District Court which was dismantled and reconstructed in Toin University of Yokohama in 2001.
Japanese: このほかに日本に現存する陪審法廷は、2001年に桐蔭横浜大学に移築された横浜地方裁判所の「特号法廷」のみである。
English: "The MATSUMOTO memorial hall, a jury court" is open to the general public in addition to students, and has been used for simulated trial lessons and for symposiums as well.
Japanese: 松本記念ホール陪審法廷は、学生をはじめ一般にも広く解放され、模擬裁判の授業や、シンポジウムなどにも利用されている。
English: This research laboratory was established for making known to the general public the research accomplishments on oriental writing culture by late Shizuak SHIRAKAWA, professor emeritus of Ritsumeikan University, who was also an alumnus of Ritsumeikan University and a recipient of "order of Culture," and also for promoting the research in the field.
Japanese: 立命館大学OBで、文化勲章受章者でもある故・白川静立命館大学名誉教授によってなされた東洋文字文化研究の研究成果を広く一般社会に普及させるとともに、さらなる研究を進める目的で設立された研究所。
English: Kyoto Museum for World Peace, Ritsumeikan University, was established by Ritsumeikan University and its theme is "Peace."
Japanese: 立命館大学国際平和ミュージアム（りつめいかんだいがくこくさいへいわミュージアム）は、立命館大学が設立した『平和』をテーマとした博物館。
English: The director is Tomohiko TAKASUGI who was vice president of Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University until March of 2008.
Japanese: 館長は、2008年3月まで同大学アジア太平洋大学副学長を務めていた高杉巳彦。
English: The museum was established in 1992 to embody "Peace and democracy," the educational and academic philosophy of Ritsumeikan University and to further build up the accumulations of education for peace and of research for peace.
Japanese: 1992年、立命館大学の教学理念『平和と民主主義』を具体化するとともに、同大学が蓄積してきた平和教育・平和研究を発展させるために設立・開設された。
English: At the entrance, a relief of "HinoTori" (Phoenix) from Osamu TEZUKA's manga products and a "Wadatsumi-zo sculpture" are placed.
Japanese: 入場口に手塚治虫の漫画作品から『火の鳥』のレリーフと『わだつみ像』が設置されている。
English: At Ritsumeikan University, a gathering called "fusen no tsudoi" (anti-war gathering) is held on December 8, the day when the Pacifica War started, in front of "Wadatsumi-zo sculpture."
Japanese: 立命館大学では太平洋戦争の開戦日になる12月8日に、わだつみ像の前に集って『不戦のつどい』と呼ばれる集会を行う。
English: With the 'fifteen-year war' and 'modern war' as the theme, life environment in Japan in the war are restored, atomic bombing of Kyoto, said planned by the American air force, is simulated, and materials related to modern war including that in the cold war era and to efforts for peace are exhibited, all on the permanent basis.
Japanese: 「十五年戦争」と「現代の戦争」をテーマとして、戦時下の日本の生活の様子の復元、アメリカ合衆国軍が計画していたとされる京都市への原爆投下シミュレーションや冷戦を含む現代の戦争と平和への努力の資料などが常設展示されている。
English: A room for 'Media materials concerning international peace' and an exhibition room for the theme of "Towards peace" were built additionally in 2007.
Japanese: 2007年、「国際平和メディア資料室」と「平和をもとめて」をテーマとする展示室が増設された。
English: Located in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Cafe François is a government-registered tangible cultural property (building).
Japanese: フランソア喫茶室（ふらんそあきっさしつ）は、京都府京都市下京区にある喫茶店で、国の登録有形文化財（建造物）である。
English: He later purchased a two-story wooden private house adjacent to the cafe on its north side, and in 1941 converted it into a cafe, which is still there to this day.
Japanese: 後に購入した北隣の木造二階建ての民家を現在に残る店の姿に改築したのは1941年（昭和16年）。
English: With war looming, Tateno asked Benci BENI, an Italian studying architecture at Kyoto University who was a friend of his, to remodel the private house in order to provide a place where people could talk about ideas and art freely.
Japanese: 戦争への足跡が聞こえる中、思想や芸術について自由に語り合える場を作ろうと、創業者の立野正一が友人のイタリア人（京大建築科の留学生ベンチ・ベニ）に改築を依頼した。
English: The cafe was designed by Benci BENI, but the construction work itself was undertaken by Japanese carpenters, who had done interior finishing work for the Bank of Japan building, and by sashimonoshi (cabinet makers).
Japanese: 設計はベンチ・ベニだが、施工は当時の日本の大工（日銀の内装を手がけた大工）や、家具の装飾を手がける指物師（木の道の匠）が作った。
English: The interior is gorgeously decorated in the Baroque style, which flourished in Europe around the 17th century, and colorful stained glass is fitted in the walls and windows.
Japanese: 室内には、ヨーロッパで17世紀頃に流行したバロック様式を取り入れた華やかな装飾が施され、壁や窓は色鮮やかなステンドグラスで飾られている。
English: Other features include old European lamps and chairs with a velvet-covered seats, which have remained unchanged since the cafe opened.
Japanese: ヨーロッパの古いランプや赤いビロードのいすなどがあり、これらは開店当初から変わらない。
English: As Japan became increasingly militaristic, he opposed such a tendency and opened the cafe as a place for enlightening people on socialism.
Japanese: 国が軍国主義へ傾倒していくなかで、それに反発し、社会主義を啓蒙する場所として作った。
English: The cafe was intended to provide a place where people could talk about thought and art freely, and also had the function of serving as a center for thinkers.
Japanese: 思想や芸術について自由に語り合うための場所としての意味合い、思想の拠点という役割も、喫茶店にあった。
English: Tateno was influenced by such writers as Naoya SHIGA and Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, who advocated naturalist literature.
Japanese: 立野は、志賀直哉や武者小路実篤といった自然主義文学の作家たちに影響を受けていた。
English: The most prominent artist in the school was François MILLET, the origin of the cafe's name.
Japanese: そのバルビゾン派の代表格がフランソワ・ミレーで店名の由来となっている。
English: But after the Pacific War broke out, the cafe could not afford to serve coffee, but fortunately survived the war while offering bancha (coarse tea) and dried bananas under the different name of 'Miyako Sabo.'
Japanese: ただ、太平洋戦争が始まるとコーヒーを出せなくなり、店名も「都茶房」と変え、番茶や干しバナナを提供しながら、幸運にも戦火をくぐりぬけた。
English: The cafe was designated by the national government as a registered tangible cultural property (building) on October 18, 2002.
Japanese: 2002年（平成14年）10月18日には、国の登録有形文化財（建造物）に指定された。
English: The cafe was innovative in that its designs combined Japanese and Western style in the early Showa period, and retains its original structure without being renovated, and these are highly rated.
Japanese: 昭和の初期という時代に、和と洋を組み合わせた革新性、その後も改装されることなく建物が当時のままの姿で残っている点が高く評価されている。
English: In Japan, Yamajiro was one of the castle classification methods determined by Edo period military strategists.
Japanese: 日本においては、江戸時代の軍学者によって分類された地形による城の分類法の一つ。
English: In medieval Europe, castles built on mountains were called as Hohenburg.
Japanese: 中世ヨーロッパでの山城は「へーエンブルク（Hohenburg）」といった。
English: The construction of castles on mountains was a universal practice as high ground is beneficial from a military defensive standpoint.
Japanese: 高地は軍事的防御に有利であり、山に城郭を築く行為は場所と時代を問わず普遍的に行われている。
English: Except for Japan, many castles were built on mountains in Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history), from which the castles of ancient Japan are thought to have been modeled, and in medieval western Europe.
Japanese: 日本以外に山城が多く築かれた時代には、日本の古代山城のモデルとなったと思われる三国時代(朝鮮半島)の朝鮮、および中世の西ヨーロッパなどがある。
English: Although steep mountains are desirable to construct fortifications that are expected to be built on places effective for defence, they are difficult to live; thus, fortifications were established distant from the settlements that they served to defend.
Japanese: 要塞は、防御に有利な地形に築くことが望ましく、険しい山はその条件を満たすが、反面住むには不便で、守るべき対象である人の居住地から離れている。
English: In peacetime, the lord of the castle would often live with other people at the foot of the mountain while they moved to the castle on the mountain to barricade themselves in it when their enemies attacked them.
Japanese: 平時は麓に住民と共に城主が住み、敵が来襲すると山上の城に立て籠もる、といった使い方がなされる。
English: Japanese mountain castles include those of Korean style, which built from the Kinki region to the north of Kyushu from the Asuka period to the Nara period, those built in the late Sengoku period (period of warring states) and those built in the early modern period, from the latter part of the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the Edo period.
Japanese: 日本の山城は、飛鳥時代から奈良時代の近畿から九州北部にかけて築かれた朝鮮式山城、中世・戦国時代(日本)までに築かれた中世山城、戦国末期の戦国山城、安土桃山時代後期から江戸時代までに築かれた近世山城がある。
English: The castle at the peak was not meant for long-term habitation; consisting of structures with hottate bashira (earthfast posts), simple turrets and fences.
Japanese: 山上の城には掘立柱建築や簡易な櫓と塀を建てたのみで、長期間居住するための建物は建てられていなかった。
English: Regarding small castles, a simple building was made to store food and weapons and fences, moats and mud walls for defence were made by using natural terrain, whereas medium-size castles had Kuruwa (walls of a castle), a main compound on one peak and a secondary compound on another peak, and residential facilities that made it possible to hold out against a long-lasting siege.
Japanese: 小城の場合は、山の頂上に簡単な建物を造り、食料、武具を保管するだけで、後は自然の地形を利用して、適宜、山の各所に柵、堀、土塀を設けるといった程度であるが、中規模の城となると峰々に本丸、二の丸といった曲輪を造り、居住用の施設も備え、長期の籠城に耐えられるようにした。
English: Usually moats were made deep just enough for a spear to reach the bottom of it.
Japanese: 堀はあまり深く掘らずに、槍が届く程度の深さに掘るのが一般的であった。
English: That was due to a greater defensive benefit, which meant that castle defenders were able to stab with spears attacking soldiers who fell into the moat.
Japanese: 堀に落ちた攻城側の兵を、守城側の兵が槍で突いて攻撃が可能であるほうが、防衛上の利点が大きかったからである。
English: During the Warring States period, permanent structures with foundations were built and able to accommodate long-term inhabitants.
Japanese: 戦国期には、山上の城にも礎石建ての恒久的な建物を建てて、長期の滞在ができるように備えた。
English: Typical examples of these include Tsutsuji-ga-saki Castle (Yamanashi Prefecture) of the Takeda clan in the Kai Province and Ichijodani Asakura Clan Ruins (Fukui Prefecture) in the Echizen Province; Ichijodani Castle had a residence and their castle town within the valley and defend themselves making the castle on the peak of the mountain as their base when enemies attacked them.
Japanese: 典型例は、甲斐国武田氏の躑躅ヶ崎館（山梨県）や越前国朝倉氏の一乗谷朝倉氏遺跡（福井県）などがあり、一乗谷城は谷間に城下町と居館としての館を築き、有事に際しては山頂に築かれた城郭を拠点として防衛にあたった。
English: Compared with hirajiro (flatland castles) and hirayamajiro (low mountain castles), yamajiro (mountain castles) tended to be smaller and some of them did not develop into cities and have been preserved as whole ruins of large castles, including the Gassantoda Castle, a mountain castle in the Sengoku (civil war) period, and Takeda Castle (Hyogo Prefecture), Takatori Castle and Oka Castle (Oita Prefecture) in the early modern period.
Japanese: 平城・平山城にくらべ、山城の絶対的な規模は小さい傾向があるが、一方で都市化を免れ、戦国山城の月山富田城や近世山城の竹田城（兵庫県）や高取城、岡城（大分県）などの広大な城域全体の遺構が保存されるケースもある。
English: The first defensive military facilities to be built on mountains in Japan were Yayoi period highland settlements.
Japanese: 日本において初めて山に軍事的防御施設が築かれるのは弥生時代の高地性集落である。
English: From the Asuka to the Nara periods, invasions from the Tang Dynasty China and the Korean Silla Kingdom led to the construction of ancient mountain castles (Korean style mountain castles) throughout Western Japan.
Japanese: その後、飛鳥時代から奈良時代にかけて、唐や新羅の侵攻に備えて西日本各地に古代山城（朝鮮式山城）が築かれた。
English: In the Middle ages, anti-Bakufu forces led by Emperor Godaigo started to build castles on mountains by in order to resist the power of the Bakufu from the latter Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 中世には、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)までに後醍醐天皇の率いる反幕府勢力が幕府に抵抗するため、山に城を築いたことで山城の築城が始まった。
English: It is thought that early examples of them were Masashige KUSUNOKI's Chihaya Castle and Akasaka Castle as well as Kontaiji Castle, which used the mountain temple "Kontai-ji."
Japanese: その初例と考えられているのは楠正成の千早城や赤坂城、または山岳寺院「金胎寺」を利用した金胎寺城がある。
English: It became common that warriors constructed their residence on the flatlands at the foot of a mountain and their castle on the mountain behind the residence, and barricade themselves in the castle when the battle started.
Japanese: 武士が山麓の平地に居館を、背後の山に山城を築き、戦闘になると山城に立て篭もるといった様式が一般化する。
English: As war became continuous during the the Sengoku period, permanent facilities that allowed inhabitants to withstand long-term battls were built.
Japanese: 戦国時代には、戦いが常態化したことから山上の城にも恒久的な施設を建てて長期の戦いに堪えられるように備えた。
English: In the latter Sengoku period, a lord's residence was constructed within the main walls of their castle at the top of the mountain, while the lord made his vassals and their clans live on the mountainsideas as his hostages.
Japanese: 戦国後期には山上の主曲輪に領主の居館を構えて中腹に家臣たちと人質としてその一族を住まわせた。
English: From the latter Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period, they started to establish castles with stone walls and that type of castle was also used for mountain castles.
Japanese: 安土桃山時代後期から江戸初期には石垣を多用した城も現れ、山城にも導入された。
English: It was after the ikkoku-ichijo (lit. one castle per province) order that hirayamajiro (low mountain castles) and hirajiro (flatland castles) became the most common type of castles in Japan.
Japanese: 平山城と平城が中心になるのは、江戸時代の一国一城令以降のことである。
English: It became inconvenient to barricade themselves in a mountain castle only when enemies attacked them; it was necessary to stay there in preparation for battles.
Japanese: 戦時にのみ山城に立てこもるという形態が不便になり、常時城に待機して戦に備える必要が生じた。
English: For this reason, residential facilities were constructed at mountain castles but it was inconvenient to travel back and forth between the foot of the mountain and the mountain castle.
Japanese: そのため上述の通り山城に居住施設を設けるようになったが、今度は常時麓と往復する事になり、不便を生じた。
English: It was inconvenien in terms of transportation to construct a castle on the top of a mountain in order to strengthen the Daimyo's control over their territory.
Japanese: 大名の領地の支配を固めるためには、山上に築くのは交通の便が悪く問題があった。
English: In addition, it became necessary to display castles as a symbol of a daimyo's power so they were constructed not on steep mountains but where they could be seen by all.
Japanese: また、大名の支配の象徴として威容を見せつける必要が生じたため、険阻な山岳地でなく、目立つ場所に城が建てられるようになった。
English: Castles were also designed to allow defenders to use firearms to fire on attackers, so there was no longer the need for the depth of moats to be restricted to the length of a spear.
Japanese: また守城側も火縄銃で攻城側の兵を攻撃できるようになったため、堀の深さをあえて槍の届く程度にとどめる必要がなくなった。
English: As Sengoku Daimyo (feudal lords) established their sovereignty, they made their Kokujin Ryoshu (local samurai lords) in various provinces live within the castle towns in order to ensure that the latter was completely obedient to the former.
Japanese: 戦国大名が支配権を確立するにつれ、各地に割拠していた国人領主などを完全に家臣として組み込むにあたり、城下町に集住させるようになった。
English: As a mountain castle was changed into a flatland castle or a low mountain castle, a new main castle was constructed at the foot of a mountains and a former mountain castle was used as a Tsume-no-shiro (a castle that guards the back of the main castle) (such as Hagi Castle) or a castle site was moved to a low hill or flatland (such as Fukuyama Castle (Bingo Province)).
Japanese: 山城から平山城・平城に移行するにあたっては、麓に新たに主郭を築いて旧山城を詰の城（萩城など）とする例や、城地を低い丘や平地に移転する例（福山城(備後国)など）があった。
English: Like Odawara Castle, as a result of the repeated expansion of a castle that was originally a mountain castle and castle town at the foot of the mountain, both merged and developed into a large flatland castle surrounding its entire castle town by the sogamae (outer citadel).
Japanese: 小田原城のように、元々は山城であったものが、城と麓の城下町が拡張を繰り返した結果両者が一体化し、城下町全体を惣構えで囲んだ大規模な平山城に発展した例もある。
English: However, it was not possible to replace all mountain castles with such expanded flatland castles and low mountain castles.
Japanese: ただし、こうした大規模化した平山城、平城によって、全ての山城を置き換えることは不可能であった。
English: In addition, some minor daimyo had to stay in their traditional mountain castles, unable to move to a flatland castle or low mountain castle.
Japanese: また小大名の場合も、従来通りの山城形式のままで推移し、平山城、平城に移行できなかった場合もある。
English: Among these mountain castles are those that developed differently from previous mountain castles in order to increase defensive capability against firearms.
Japanese: こうした山城の中には、火縄銃などに対応するためにむしろ従来より発展した例もある。
English: Some mountain castles stopped using their traditional wooden fences and started to use the architectural styles of flatland castles and low mountain castles, surrounded by mud walls with portholes, and became an impregnable fortification as if it were a pillbox (such as Takatori Castle).
Japanese: また従来の木柵ではなく、平山城や平城の建築様式を取り入れ、狭間を持つ土塀で囲まれた、さながらトーチカのような鉄壁の要塞と化した山城もある（鷹取城など）。
English: It was after the Edo period when most castles became flatland castles or low mountain castles due to the Ikkoku Ichijo Rei (Law of One Castle per Province) that ordered to destroy mountain castles throughout the country.
Japanese: 城のほとんどが平山城・平城に移行するのは、一国一城令によって各地の山城を破却する江戸時代以降の事になる。
English: However, many of the Daimyo's residential castles of the Edo period inherited the medieval style, which combined the residence at the foot of the mountain and the mountain castle behind the residence to barricade themselves in case they had a battle, including Iwakuni Castle, Hagi Castle and Kagoshima Castle.
Japanese: もっとも江戸時代の大名の居城においても、山麓の居館と戦闘時に立て篭もる背後の山城の組み合わせという中世的様式を受け継いだ城も多く、岩国城、萩城、鹿児島城がこれにあたる。
English: There are also examples such as Sendai Castle which were constructed as mountain castles during the Edo period but later went on to expand and undergo the transition to a low mountain castle.
Japanese: 仙台城のように江戸時代に入ってから山城を建造し、後に拡張により平山城に移行した例もある。
English: These days, the former site of Edo-jo Castle in Tokyo is called Kokyo, which was formally called Kyujo (place where the Emperor lives) but the name was abolished after World War II.
Japanese: 現在は、第二次世界大戦後に宮城（きゅうじょう）の名称が廃止された東京の江戸城跡一帯を指して皇居と呼んでいる。
English: It includes 'Gosho,' where the Emperor lives, 'Kyuden,' where various public events and government affairs are conducted, and the office building of the Imperial Household Agency.
Japanese: 天皇の住居である「御所」、各種公的行事や政務の場である「宮殿」、宮内庁庁舎などがある。
English: Kokyo in Kyoto was called Kyoto Gosho, Kinri (Imperial Palace), and Dairi (Imperial Palace) and, after the Tokyo Gyoko (Emperor's going out to Tokyo) of the Meiji Restoration, became empty and came to be called the Kyoto kogu Imperial Palace after it came to be maintained under the Emperor's order.
Japanese: 京都の皇居は京都御所、禁裏、内裏などと呼ばれていたが、明治維新の東京行幸のあと留守となり、天皇の指示で保存されて以降は京都皇宮とも呼ばれるようになった。
English: Shishin-den Hall (hall for state ceremonies), (Seiden (main palace)) of the highest social status which has handed down the style of the Heian period, and Tsune-goten (private palace), which was the place for daily life, have been maintained.
Japanese: 平安時代の様式を伝える最高格式の紫宸殿（正殿）や日常生活の場である常御殿などが保存されている。
English: There are such a large number of popular names for Kokyo (Imperial Palace) as Dairi, Gosho, Ouchi, Ouchiyama, Kokonoe, Kyuchu, Kinchu, Kinri, Momoshiki, Murasaki no niwa, Kogu, Kojo, Kyujo, Yomogigahora, Omiya, Kumo no ue, and Kumoi.
Japanese: 皇居の呼び名は、内裏（だいり）、御所、大内（おおうち）、大内山、九重（ここのえ）、宮中（きゅうちゅう）、禁中（きんちゅう）、禁裏（きんり）、百敷（ももしき）、紫の庭（むらさきのにわ）、皇宮（こうぐう）、皇城（こうじょう）、宮城（きゅうじょう）、蓬が洞（よもぎがほら）、大宮、雲の上、雲居など非常に多い。
English: It started as a word meaning a residence of a person in a high position and over time came to mean a palace of the Emperor or the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 身分の高い人の住居という意味から出発し、やがて天皇や皇族の宮殿を意味するようになった。
English: In ancient times, Imperial residences were relocated by generations and Kokyo referred to a palace which was called Miya.
Japanese: 古代には、天皇の住居は一世ごとに移転され、皇居は宮（みや）と呼ばれる宮殿を指した。
English: "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) and "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) describe that many palaces were located in the southeast part of the Nara Basin from the 4th century to the 6th century.
Japanese: 『古事記』や『日本書紀』には、四世紀から六世紀にかけての宮殿の多くが奈良盆地の東南の地に営まれたと記されている。
English: During the period of approx. 100 years from 592, when Emperor Suiko ascended the throne at Toyura no miya Imperial residence, to 694, when Empress Jito transferred the capital to Fujiwara-kyo (the ancient capital of Fujiwara), Imperial palaces were located in a concentrated manner in and around the Asuka region, which was in the south of Nara, so it is sometimes called Asuka-kyo (the ancient capital of Asuka).
Japanese: 592年に推古天皇が即位した豊浦宮から694年持統天皇が藤原京へ遷都するまでの約100年間は、奈良の南の地飛鳥周辺に宮殿が集中したので飛鳥京と呼ぶことがある。
English: Some of the Imperial Palaces as above were Oharida no miya (603-630), Asuka no Okamoto no miya (630-636), Itabuki no miya (643-655), Nochi no Asuka no Okamoto no miya (656-672), and Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya (672-694).
Japanese: このような宮には、小墾田宮（603～630年）、飛鳥岡本宮（630～636年）、板蓋宮（643～655年）、後飛鳥岡本宮(656～672年)、飛鳥浄御原宮(672～694年)などがある。