nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In the Bunmei Era of the late Muromachi period, some examples appeared that the northern side of Toba was called 'Kamitoba' ('Umaryo denchi baiken' [a farmer's note for selling land of the horse office of the Right] in "To-ji Hyakugo Monjo" [100 case documents, of the To-ji Temple]) and the southern side 'Shimotoba' (in "Saneto Koki" [the record of Lord Saneto]).
Japanese: 室町時代後期の文明年間に入ると、鳥羽の北側を「上鳥羽」（『東寺百合文書』所収「右馬寮田地売券」）、南側を「下鳥羽」（『実遠公記』）と呼ぶ例が現れる。
English: In the Edo period, Toba appeared in documents completely as individual villages by 'Kamitoba-mura Village' and 'Shimotoba-mura Village.'
Japanese: 江戸時代には完全に別個の村である「上鳥羽村」「下鳥羽村」として文書に登場する。
English: After the introduction of Municipal Government Act in 1889, the two villages took its course individually as Kamitoba Village and Shimotoba Village of Kyoto Prefecture; Kamitoba Village was incorporated into Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City (at the time) partially in 1978, then the rest in 1931, while Shimotoba Village, along with Fushimi City, was incorporated into the newly established Fushimi Ward in 1931.
Japanese: 明治22年（1889年）の町村制導入以後は、それぞれ京都府の上鳥羽村・下鳥羽村として別個の歩みを遂げ、大正7年（1918年）には上鳥羽村の一部が京都市下京区（当時）に編入され、昭和6年（1931年）に上鳥羽村の残部は下京区に、下鳥羽村は伏見市などとともに新設の伏見区に編入される事になる。
English: Furthermore, the southern Shimogyo Ward including the former Kamitoba Village was separated to be established Minami Ward in 1955.
Japanese: なお、昭和30年（1955年）には旧上鳥羽村を含む下京区南部が分離して南区が成立している。
English: Shirakawa (白河 or also written as 白川) is the name referring to the Shira-kawa River basin (Yodo-gawa River System) which was once included in Otagi County, Yamashiro Province, the Rakugai of Kyoto (outside of the capital Kyoto).
Japanese: 白河（しらかわ・白川）とは、かつて京都洛外、山城国愛宕郡に属していた白川(淀川水系)流域を指す名称。
English: It originally referred only to the area on the south side of Shira-kawa River, but later came also to include the area on the north side, with the south side named 'Minami Shirakawa/Shimo Shirakawa' and the north side named 'Kita Shirakawa' (according to "Yamashiro Meisho Shi" (Annals of Yamashiro's picturesque sites)).
Japanese: 本来は白川の南側地域のみを指していたが、後に北側地域も含むようになり南側を「南白河/下白河」北側を「北白河」・と称した（『山城名勝志』）。
English: It currently belongs to Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, but was separated into Minami Shirakawa as Okazaki (Kyoto City) and Kita Shirakawa as Kita Shirakawa.
Japanese: 現在では京都市左京区に属するが、南白河は岡崎(京都市)・北白河は北白川に分割されている。
English: Shirakawa is understood as the area surrounded by Kita Shirakawa to the north, Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture) to the east, Okazaki or Awataguchi to the south and Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River System) to the west, centering around present-day Okazaki, Sakyo Ward, in the Shira-kawa River basin.
Japanese: 白河は、白川流域のうち、現在の左京区岡崎を中心として、北は北白川・東は東山(京都府)・南は岡崎もしくは粟田口・西は鴨川(淀川水系)に囲まれた地域とされている。
English: The alluvial fan formed by the Shira-kawa River is thought to have been inhabited by humans from the prehistoric age as evidenced by dwelling sites from the Jomon period remaining in the area.
Japanese: 白川が形成した扇状地には縄文時代の住居跡が遺されるなど、有史以前から人間が居住していたと考えられている。
English: Awataguchi was an entrance to Osaka no seki (Osaka Barrier, which was one of the barriers of the road system of old Japan) and regarded as a major starting point of the road from Heian-kyo to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, the term is used in the old days) via Omi Province.
Japanese: また、粟田口は逢坂関への入口であり、平安京から近江国を経て東国に至る道の起点として重要視された。
English: Also regarded as an important path to complement the road was Shimogamo-Otsu Line of Kyoto prefectural road and Shiga prefectural road No. 30, which crossed over Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture) in the upstream area of Shira-kawa River.
Japanese: また、白川上流の東山(京都府)を越える京都府道・滋賀県道30号下鴨大津線もこれを補完する経路として重要視された。
English: However, after FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa erected his betsugyo (villa), Shirakawa-dono Palace, villas and temples were erected one after another.
Japanese: ところが、藤原良房が白河に別業（別荘）である白河殿を造営して以後、別業・寺院の建立が相次いだ。
English: FUJIWARA no Michinaga frequently hosted seasonal events like 'Kano no utage' (cherry blossom viewing party) and so force at the Shirakawa-dono Palace, and it is said that those from his branch families, FUJIWARA no Naritoki and FUJIWARA no Kinto, also set up their villas in Shirakawa.
Japanese: 藤原道長は白河殿でしばしば観桜の宴（花見）などの四季の行事を行い、庶流にあたる藤原済時や藤原公任も白河に別業を設けたとされている。
English: Later, the temple was referred to as 'Rokushoji' (or 'Rikushoji', The Six Victorious Temples) together with five temples which were erected by successive Emperors and Empresses.
Japanese: その後、歴代天皇・皇后によって建てられた5つの寺院とともに「六勝寺」と呼ばれた。
English: Emperor Shirakawa started to use Kakuen's once-used living quarters as his Gosho (Imperial Palace) (Shirakawa Izumi-dono) around 1090 after his retirement, then in 1115, erected the Shirakawa Minami-dono (South Imperial Palace) rebuilding the Shirakawa Izumi-dono, further in 1118, at the adjoining site, erected the Shirakawa Kita-dono (North Imperial Palace), and conducted the Insei (rule by the Retired Emperor) shuttling between the two Palaces.
Japanese: また、白河天皇は退位後の寛治4年（1090年）頃に旧の覚円の僧房を御所（白河泉殿）とし、続いて永久(日本)3年（1115年）に白河泉殿を改築して白河南殿を造営、更に元永元年（1118年）にはその隣接地に白河北殿を新造して2つの御所を行き来しながら院政を行った。
English: Since Shirakawa became the virtual center of mainstream politics, Shirakawa was called 'Kyo Shirakawa', even though it was originally located outside Heian-kyo.
Japanese: 白河が事実上の政治の中心となったため、本来は平安京の外であった白河が「京白河」と称された。
English: Documents including "Gyokuyo" (Diary of Kanezane KUJO) described how the land of Shirakawa, which had been an important area for traffic, was devastated and how the imperial palace and temples were kept ransacked by the poor and needy during and after the Genpei War (1180-1185, a war between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan in which the latter defeated the former and established the Kamakura shogunate government).
Japanese: だが、源平合戦で交通の要所であった白河の地は荒廃し、窮民によって御所や寺院が荒らされていく様子が『玉葉』などに記されている。
English: After the Kamakura period (1185-1333) began, the central part of Shirakawa have been referred to as 'Okazaki,' and when the Retired Emperor Gotoba erected his palace in Shirakawa in 1208, it was named the 'Okazaki Imperial Palace' (according to "Hyakuren sho"--a history book from the Kamakura period); since then, the name of Okazaki have been used too.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に入ると、白河の中心部は「岡崎」と称されるようになり、後鳥羽上皇が承元2年（1208年）に白河に御所を造営した際に「岡崎御所」と称されて（『百錬抄』）以後、岡崎という呼称も用いられるようになる。
English: In the Kamakura period, housing land development advanced in Okazaki (Shirakawa), and the north side of the Shira-kawa River which was originally not in Shirakawa was included in its geographical coverage.
Japanese: この時代には岡崎（白河）の住宅地化が進み、元来白河に含まれていなかった白川の北側もその地域的範疇に含めるようになる。
English: It is considered that the fire which burnt Hossho-ji Temple in the Northern and Southern Court period was caused by the fire from a house nearby (according to "Taiheiki" (The Record of the Great Peace)--a Chronicle of Medieval Japan).
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)の法勝寺の火災も近くの民家火災によるとされている（『太平記』）。
English: During the Muromachi period, 'Okazaki' was established as a name for Minami Shirakawa, whereas 'Shirakawa' became to refer to Kita Shirakawa, the area on the north side of the Shira-kawa River.
Japanese: 室町時代には南白河においては、「岡崎」の呼称が定着し、「白河」という地名は白川の北側の「北白川」を指すようになっていく。
English: During the Onin War, both areas were directly affected by the turbulent war period such that Okazaki became a battleground, whereas Kitashirakawa-jo Castle was built in Higashiyama which was within a stone's throw of Kita Shirakawa where offensive and defensive battles were frequently fought.
Japanese: だが、応仁の乱では岡崎が戦場となり、北白川も目前の東山に北白川城が築かれて度々攻防戦が行われるなど、戦国(日本)乱世の影響を確実に受けている。
English: Yet, Kita Shirakawa became famous by activities including water wheel-driven rice polishing and flower peddling by Shirakawame (women from Shirakawa selling flowers).
Japanese: その一方で、北白川では水車による精米作業や「白川女」による花の行商などの活動で知られるようになる。
English: During the Edo period, Kita Shirakawa solely formed 'Shirakawa-mura village', which became Shirakawa-mura, Otagi County (Kyoto Prefecture) in the Meiji Era.
Japanese: 江戸時代には、北白川のみをもって「白川村」を構成し、明治以後も愛宕郡白川村(京都府)に引き継がれていく。
English: In contrast, as early as 1888, Okazaki was incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City and became a part of municipality established in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 一方、岡崎は早くも明治21年（1888年）に京都市上京区（当時）に編入されて京都市の一部として市制確立を迎えている。
English: In 1896, Heian-jingu Shrine was founded in Okazaki, which facilitated the integration of the area with the central part of Kyoto City.
Japanese: 明治29年（1896年）には平安神宮が創建されるなど、京都市中心部との一体化が進んだ。
English: In 1897, the Faculty of Science, Kyoto Imperial University was established in Shirakawa-mura, which started to make Kita Shirakawa also the student quarter.
Japanese: 明治30年（1897年）に白川村内に京都帝国大学理学部が設置されると、北白川もまた学生街としての要素を帯び始めていく。
English: Along with the ward-restructuring in 1929, Okazaki and Kita Shirakawa had belonged to Sakyo Ward.
Japanese: 昭和4年（1929年）の京都市の区の再編に伴い、岡崎、北白川は左京区に属するようになった。
English: Shirakawa yofune' (Sound asleep) means that someone was fast asleep and totally unaware of what was going on around, which is based on the anecdote-- when a lier told that he had been on a journey to Kyoto, and he was asked about the Shirakawa area, he thought he was asked about the Shira-kawa River and told that he was not aware much of the river because he traveled down the river by boat in darkness of night, there, he was caught in his lie.
Japanese: 京都に旅行へ行ったと嘘をつく人が、この白河（白川）の地について聞かれ川のことだと思い、夜に船で通ったのでよく知らないと答え、嘘がばれたという逸話から、熟睡して前後を知らないことを「白河夜船（白川夜船）」という。
English: In the past, this term meant a "know-it-all" attitude such as saying as if someone had seen things he hadn't.
Japanese: かつては、見たことがないものをさも見たことがあるかのようにしったかぶって言うことの意味にも用いられた。
English: Genze Ski Resort is a ski resort located in Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture (the former Yakuno Town).
Japanese: ゲンゼスキー場（ゲンゼスキーじょう）は、京都府福知山市（旧夜久野町）にあるスキー場である。
English: It was opened in 1951, and although small in size, it is a little-known great ski resort intended for families.
Japanese: 1951年（昭和36年）に開設され、小規模ではあるが、ファミリー向けの穴場のスキー場である。
English: However, since it was taken away business by other ski resorts due to light snowfall and the development of the road network and so on, it has been suspended operations for several seasons (Yakuno Town Commerce and Industry Association).
Japanese: しかし、降雪量は多くなく、道路網の発達などとともに他のスキー場へと客足が遠のき、営業停止のシーズンが続いている（夜久野町商工会）。
English: In addition, it is said that the resort was closed in 2001 (March 15, 2007 Ryotan Nichinichi Shinbun Newspaper).
Japanese: また、2001年（平成13年）に閉鎖されたとも言われてる（両丹日日新聞2007年3月15日、）。
English: Kashida Village was a village belonged to Minami-kuwada County, the southwestern part of Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 樫田村（かしだむら）は、京都府の南西部、南桑田郡に属していた村である。
English: Tano Village, Nakahata Village, Izuriha Village and Sugio Village were merged into Kashida Village by the municipal merger in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 明治時代の町村合併により、田能村・中畑村・出灰村・杉生村が合併し、樫田村が発足した。
English: The village name 'Kashida' (written as "樫田") was named as the combination of 'kashi' (樫), the letter from the name of Kashifune-jinja shrine (樫船神社) in the area, and 'da' (田), the letter from the name of Tano Village (田能村) which was one of the villages to merge into Kashida Village.
Japanese: 地域にある樫船神社の「樫」と、母体となった村の一つ・田能村の「田」を組み合わせて「樫田」の村名が名付けられた。
English: Before the merger across the prefectural border, the borderline on the map was straight; after the merger, the northern part of Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, became convex upward, and the southwestern part of Kyoto Prefecture became concave downward.
Japanese: この越境合併をする前は、地図上では、平に府境になっていたが、合併後は、大阪府高槻市北部が、凸形になり、京都府南西部は、凹形になった。
English: Taki mountain range is the generic name for the mountains extending from Kyoto Prefecture to Sasayama City and Tanba City in the shape of high quay wall, which are 500 meters to 700 meters high; it is also called the Taki Alps after former Taki County.
Japanese: 多紀連山（たきれんざん）は、京都府から篠山市、丹波市にかけて高い岸壁状に連なる500m～700mの山々の総称で、旧多紀郡にちなみ多紀アルプスとも呼ばれる。
English: Three peaks form its main structure: Mt. Mitake (793 meters), the main peak; Mt. Nishigatake (727 meters) and Mt. Koganegatake (725 meters).
Japanese: 主峰は御嶽(兵庫県)（793m）で西ヶ嶽（727m）、小金ヶ嶽（725m）の3つの峰が中心となっている。
English: Its topography is gentle on the south and steep on the north; and in terms of water systems, it is the central divide between the Yura-gawa Water System which flows into the Sea of Japan, and the Kako-gawa Water System which flows into Seto Inland Sea.
Japanese: 南方に緩やかに、北方に急峻な地形であり、水系としては日本海へ注ぐ由良川水系と瀬戸内海に注ぐ加古川水系とに分かれる中央分水嶺となっている。
English: Taki mountain range prospered as the practice place of the mountaineering asceticism from the end of Heian period to the Medieval period, but in 1482, all the temples there were burned to ashes in the attack by armed priests from Mt. Omine (Yamato Shugendo [the ascetic and shamanistic practice in Mt. Omine]).
Japanese: 多紀連山は、平安時代末期から中世にかけて修験道行場として栄えたが、1482年（文明(日本)14年）に大峰山（大和修験道）の僧兵の来襲により、寺院はことごとく焼失した。
English: Place names related to ascetic practice still remain: 'Higashi no Nozoki' (peek to the east), 'Fudoiwa rock' (literally, unmovable rock), 'Nishi no Nozoki' (peek to the west), 'Aizenkutsu cave' (literally, cave of Aizen Myoo [one of the important deities in Japanese mountaineering asceticism]) and so on.
Japanese: また「東の覗き」「不動岩」「西の覗き」「愛染窟」など、行場らしい地名も残る。
English: Today Taki mountain range has been designated as a prefectural natural park; it abounds in wild grasses and flowers, alpine plants, birds and animals and so on, and the trails have been developed.
Japanese: 現在は、県立自然公園に指定されており、山野草、高山植物、鳥獣なども多く見られ、登山道の整備も行われている。
English: In spring, the mountains put on fresh green colors and are variegated with Rhododendron keiskei, Rhododendron metternichii and so on; in autumn, all the copses in the mountains change color, and under certain conditions, a sea of clouds emerges in the morning.
Japanese: 春季にはヒカゲツツジ、シャクナゲなどが新緑の山々を彩り、秋季には雑木林が全山紅葉し、条件が整った朝には雲海が現れる。
English: There are two peaks at the top, on the east and the west; the western peak, the highest, has a triangulation point, and the eastern peak has a rock chamber.
Japanese: 頂上は東西2つの峰に分かれており、西側が最高峰で三角点があり、東側には石室がある。
English: The shape of the mountain is magnificent; it has many ridges on the south side, and on the north side, the precipice stretches from the summit and countless rocky areas are interspersed.
Japanese: 雄大な山形をしており、南側に多くの尾根を持ち、北面は山頂から絶壁となっており無数の岩場が点在する。
English: Out of the three mountains, it has the most Alps-like appearance and the figure is impressive for the exposed rocks of unusual shape.
Japanese: 3つの山の中では、最もアルペン的風貌を持ち、奇岩露出の印象的な山容。
English: It has a broad visual field and a great view, but also has many steep horseback-like paths as well as spots with a chain handrail which are dangerous to go.
Japanese: 視界は開け、展望も良いが足場は急峻な馬の背状になった箇所も多く、鎖場もあり危険も伴う。
English: It is sometimes called Mt. Zaogatake because it used to have Zao-do Hall; it is a mountain of training seminaries for mountaineering asceticism.
Japanese: 古くは蔵王道があったことから、蔵王ヶ岳と呼ばれることもあり、修験道場の山である。
English: It is the largest remote island in Kyoto Prefecture, located in Japan Sea, one kilometer off the east of Naryu-misaki Cape, and the circumference of the island with about four kilometers.
Japanese: 成生岬から東方沖約1キロメートルの日本海上にある、京都府最大の離島で、大きさは周囲約4キロメートル。
English: The area was developed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and samurai residences had been built around, but it fell into ruin in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉によって開発され武家屋敷が立ち並ぶようになったが江戸時代前期に荒廃した。
English: Since it was famous for sake, many people visited and made use of the yukaku there, and being close to the Uji-gawa River with good transportation facilities, Chushojima was both a yukaku and Hanamachi (geisha districts in Kyoto) and produced many famous geishas, almost exceeding Gion Kobu district.
Japanese: 酒の名所である為に利用し遊びに来る人が多く、また、宇治川に近く、交通便の良い中書島は遊廓であると同時に花街でもあり、祇園甲部に凌ぐほどの名妓を輩出してきた。
English: In the early Showa period, Chushojima was utilized by the officers and soldiers of the 16th division of the Imperial Army, and in March 15, 1958, it finished its role as a yukaku due to the Anti-Prostitution Law, and only its role as Hanamachi remained.
Japanese: 昭和初期では第16師団の将校、兵士にも利用され、1958年（昭和33年）3月15日、売春防止法によって遊廓としての役割を閉じ、花街のみとなった。
English: To decide their next business, those who wanted to open ochaya (literally "teahouse" which refers to places where geisha entertain their guests) conflicted with those who wanted to rent rooms for students at first but it was settled, then Chushojima gradually fell into decline and put an end to its long history in 1970.
Japanese: 当初、転業にめぐってお茶屋派と学生相手の下宿派に別れ対立してきたが沈静化し、その後、徐々に衰退してくるようになり、1970年にその長い歴史に終止符を打った。
English: In the present-day, it is a normal residential area and although small in number, buildings from the days of Hanamachi and Yukaku are being kept.
Japanese: 現在は普通の住宅地であり、僅かながら花街、遊廓時代の建物が残されている。
English: It was an area centered in present-day Keihan Chushojima Station, and the Takeda-kaido Road passes through north to south.
Japanese: 現在の京阪中書島駅を中心とした地域であり、南北に竹田街道が通っている。
English: It is circled all around in rivers (the Yodo-gawa River in the south, and the Hori-kawa River in the remaining directions), leaving traces of which was once an island.
Japanese: 四方を川（南は淀川、三方は濠川）に囲まれており、かつて島であった名残をとどめている。
English: Karasuma-Imadegawa is the generic name of an intersection and its neighboring area located at Imadegawa-cho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 烏丸今出川（からすまいまでがわ）は京都府京都市上京区今出川町にある交差点及びその近隣の名称。
English: At the intersection, Imadegawa-dori Street (Kyoto Prefectural Road 101 Ginkakuji-Utano Line) crosses with Karasuma-dori Street (National Route 367).
Japanese: 今出川通（京都府道101号銀閣寺宇多野線）と烏丸通（国道367号）が交わっている。
English: To the east: Imadegawa-dori Street (Kyoto Prefectural Road 101 Ginkakuji-Utano Line) leads to Demachiyanagi, Hyakumanben Intersection and Ginkakuji-dori Street.
Japanese: →東今出川通（京都府道101号銀閣寺宇多野線）出町柳・百万遍交差点・銀閣寺道
English: To the west: Imadegawa-dori Street (Kyoto Prefectural Road 101 Ginkakuji-Utano Line) leads to Senbon-Imadegawa and Kitano-Hakubai-cho.
Japanese: ←西今出川通り（京都府道101号銀閣寺宇多野線）千本今出川・北野白梅町
English: On traffic signs, Karasuma-dori Street and Imadegawa-dori Street are written as '烏丸通り' and '今出川通り' respectively, however, for the name of streets (tori or dori in Japanese) in Kyoto City, 'ri' (り) are usually omitted, such as '烏丸通' and '今出川通' respectively('通り' and '通' have the same meaning and the same pronunciation).
Japanese: なお、道路標識では烏丸通、今出川通に「り」を送るが、京都市内の通り名は通常この「り」を送らない。
English: To the northeast of the intersection lies Doshisha University and the Imadegawa Campus of Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, creating the atmosphere of a students' quarter.
Japanese: 交差点北東側に同志社大学・同志社女子大学今出川キャンパスが立地しており、学生街としての色合いが強い。
English: Shiokumi-toge Pass is a pass separates Maizuru City (Kyoto Prefecture) and Takahama Town (Oi County, Fukui Prefecture).
Japanese: 塩汲峠（しおくみとうげ）は日本の福井県大飯郡高浜町と京都府舞鶴市を隔てる峠である。
English: It is the pass located on Fukui Prefectural Road and Kyoto Prefectural Road 772 Takahama-Maizuru Line at an altitude of 154 meters.
Japanese: 福井県道・京都府道772号高浜舞鶴線上にある標高154mの峠である。
English: It is the westernmost of Fukui Prefecture and for a long time it had served as a natural fortress in Wakasa area as well as Kissaka-toge Pass.
Japanese: 福井県の最西端に位置し、吉坂峠と共に若狭の自然の要塞として機能してきた歴史がある。
English: Its name 'Shiokumi' (scooping salt) originates from manufacture of fine salt around the foot of the pass; since ancient times the people had scooped ('kumi' in Japanese) seawater, made fine salt ('shio' in Japanese) by drying the seawater, and carried it to central Kyoto through the pass.
Japanese: 名前の由来は古代からこの付近は製塩業が盛んであり、海水を汲み上げて乾燥させ塩を作り、それを京都まで運んでいた為。
English: It is still famous as a border between two prefectures, besides, for the fantastic view of Uchiura-wan Bay (Fukui Prefecture) from Kyoto side of the pass, it is popular as an ideal cycling road too.
Japanese: 現在でも県境の峠として知名度が高く、また京都側からの内浦湾(福井県)の景観が大変美しくサイクリングロードとしても有名な峠である。
English: Since Fukui Prefectural Road and Kyoto Prefectural Road 772 becomes Kyoto Prefectural Road and Fukui Prefectural Road 21 Maizuru-Noharako-Takahama Line right at the foot of Fukui Prefecture side of the pass, Fukui Prefectural Road and Kyoto Prefectural Road 772 is quite short in Fukui Prefecture (only the section on the pass).
Japanese: また福井県道・京都府道772号は福井県側に峠を越えてすぐ、京都府道・福井県道21号舞鶴野原港高浜線と重複し、福井県内で福井県道・京都府道772号の単独区間を走れる数少ないスポットともなっている。
English: As its altitude is low and there are villages near the pass both on Fukui Prefecture side and on Kyoto Prefecture side, it doesn't look like a normal pass of country hill.
Japanese: 峠の標高が低いこともあり、福井県京都府の両側ともすぐ近くに集落があり、あまり峠らしい様相は呈していない。
English: The road is two lanes wide and paved with asphalt from the foot to the peak, so four-wheeled vehicles can run through it easily and safely.
Japanese: 路面もアスファルトで舗装され、麓から峠まで片側1車線の確保された、4輪車でも安心して通行できる峠である。
English: However, as there are many riders on bicycles enjoying the moderate winding road and the fine view from Fukui Prefecture side, car drivers have to be careful of them.
Japanese: ただし程よいワインディングロードであることと福井県側の景観が良いこともあり、サイクリングを楽しむ人が多く、自転車には注意が必要である。
English: Maegahata-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 前ヶ畑峠（まえがはたとうげ）は京都府京都市左京区内にある国道上の峠である。
English: To reach Momoi Settlement from Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, it requires to get over the pass and Mt. Kurama.
Japanese: 滋賀県大津市から百井集落に至るにはこの峠を越える必要があり、鞍馬山を越えていく。
English: The road passes through an unusually mountainous area with a series of three 500-meter-high passes, including the Maegahata-toge Pass, making this area quite popular with those who are interested in writing reports on tough roads.
Japanese: この先には500m級の峠がこの峠も含めて3か所連続する国道としては異例の山岳地帯となっており、酷道のレポートを趣味としている者には有名なスポットとなっている。
English: Besides, the Road runs through two 500-meter-high passes ahead and behind of the pass, Momoi-toge Pass and Hanase-toge Pass respectively, and it has a chokepoint, called National Route 477 Momoi-wakare curve, on the way.
Japanese: また、峠の前後には百井峠、花脊峠という2つの500m級の峠を越え、途中に国道477号百井別れという難所も存在する。
English: Momoi-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 百井峠（ももいとうげ）は京都府京都市左京区内にある国道上の峠である。
English: Since ancient times the Pass has been known as one of chokepoints in main roads of Rakuhoku (Northern Kyoto), and as the name Kurama (a Japanese ghost) suggests, it is said to be a pass which various ghosts and monsters had gathered.
Japanese: 古くから洛北の街道筋でも難所としてその名を知られており、鞍馬という名からも分かるとおり魑魅魍魎が現れる峠と伝えられる。
English: It is one of the difficult points to drive, along with Momoi-wakare curve, in the National Route 477 which still has many chokepoints today.
Japanese: 現在でも難所の多い国道477号においても、百井別れと合わせて走行が難しい区間である。
English: Although vehicles can run through it, the road keeps narrow as 1.0 to 1.3 lanes in width ahead and behind the pass, hard to imagine it is a national route.
Japanese: 車両での通行は可能であるが、峠前後は1.0から1.3車線程度の国道とは思えないほどの狭路が続く。
English: It is quite difficult to pass each other around the pass, drivers have to find moderate bends, which might be a little wider, for passing.
Japanese: 峠附近での離合は難しく、カーブなどで若干広くなった箇所を利用するほか無い。
English: It also has pretty steep slopes with zones which is hard to climb for even automatic cars to shift into first gear.
Japanese: また勾配も大変急であり、オートマ車でも1速に入れないと登るのが難しい区間もある。
English: Besides, having rock fall, fallen leaves, and snowfall in some seasons, the road is extremely difficult to be traveled.
Japanese: さらに季節によっては落石があったり、落ち葉や雪が積もっていたりして、大変走行しにくい道路となっている。
English: From National Route 477 through National Route 367 (duplicated), National Route 477, and Momoi-toge Pass to National Route 162.
Japanese: 国道477号-国道367号（重複）-国道477号-百井峠-国道162号
English: Hanase-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 花脊峠（はなせとうげ）は京都府京都市左京区内にある国道上の峠である。
English: It is the highest pass on the very long National Route 477, which connects Mie Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture with taking the route inland of Kii-hanto Peninsula.
Japanese: 三重県と大阪府を繋ぎ、紀伊半島を内陸に迂回する国道477号の長大なルート上で最も高い標高に位置する峠である。
English: There are various views on the origin of its name 'Hanase' (flower back): some is that the pass was called 'Hana no se' (the back covered with flowers) as it runs through the heart of Mt. Kita which have been famous for beautiful flowers, others is that the pass is located at so-called north backbone of Kyoto which was 'Hana-no-miyako' (the capital city flourishing), and so on.
Japanese: 名前の由来は花の美しい北山の懐にあるので「花の背」とよばれたから、花の都京都の北の背骨に位置するところにあるからなど諸説ある。