nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The source of the 'Shugan-mei' seems to be a Buddhist monk, and Shugan-mei refers to the swords with a specific mannerism of Chukichi with his signature inscribed on a sword by imitating the letters written by this monk.
Japanese: 秀岸というのは僧侶らしく、この人の書く字を真似て切った癖のある切銘のことを言う。
English: In his later years, he started inscribing as 'Musashi Daijo Fujiwara Tadahiro' on his swords after he received the title of Musashi Daijo and changed his name to 'Tadahiro'.
Japanese: 晩年は武蔵大掾を受領し名を「忠広」と改め「武蔵大掾藤原忠広」と切る。
English: It is considered that he was the originator of Hizen-to (the sword of Hizen Province) whose technique was successively inherited by his son Omi Daijo Tadahiro and his descendants until the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 息子の近江大掾忠広以下、幕末まで一貫して続く肥前刀の開祖といえよう。
English: Hitoshi KOMATSU (January 19, 1902 - August 23, 1989) was a Japanese-style painter.
Japanese: 小松均（こまつひとし、1902年1月19日-1989年8月23日）は、日本画家。
English: He lived in Idemachi, Ohara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City in his later years and left many masterpieces with the scenery in Ohara as the subject matter, and thereby he was called 'Painting hermit in Ohara.'
Japanese: 晩年は京都市左京区大原(京都市)井出町に居を構え、大原の風景を題材にした作品を多数残し「大原の画仙人」と称せられた。
English: Keigannin (Year of birth unknown, died on September 10, 1604, referred to as 'the concubine Yotsutsuji hereafter) was a woman who lived from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 桂岩院（けいがんいん、生年不詳-慶長9年（1604年）8月17日_(旧暦)、以下「四辻氏」と記す）は、安土桃山時代・江戸時代初期の女性。
English: Her brothers include Suetsugu YOTSUTSUJI and Tsuguyoshi TAKAKURA (renamed to Tsuguyoshi YABU later), and one of her sisters was Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI, who was a favored concubine of Gomizunoo Emperor.
Japanese: 兄弟に四辻季継、高倉嗣良（後年藪嗣良と改名）等、姉妹に後水尾天皇寵姫四辻与津子。
English: One theory has it that she was introduced to Kagekatsu by a merchant who visited the Uesugi family, and became his concubine in Kyoto, although there is no historical material revealing details, thus how she became a concubine is yet unknown.
Japanese: 一説では上杉家に出入りする商人の斡旋により、京都で景勝に見初められて側室になったといわれているが、詳細な史料は存在せず、側室となった経緯は不明である。
English: She came to Yonezawa as a concubine, while she resided in Yonezawa-jo Castle and served Kagekatsu at his bedding to spend nights and receive his affection, and eventually conceived his child.
Japanese: 側室として米沢に入って米沢城に居住して景勝に仕え、景勝の枕席に侍りその情を受け、景勝の子供を妊娠する。
English: In May 1609, she gave birth to an illegitimate child Tamamaru (Sadakatsu) at Yonezawa-jo Castle during Kagekatsu's stay in Fushimi.
Japanese: 景勝の伏見滞在中の慶長9年（1604年）5月に米沢城で庶子玉丸（定勝）を産んだ。
English: However, her health deteriorated after delivering the child, and she died three months after the birth of Tamamaru without seeing the return of Kagekatsu, despite all the efforts for her recovery by prayer or treatments of doctor upon Kagekatsu's order.
Japanese: しかし、産後の経過が悪く景勝の命により快癒祈願や医師の治療など万策を尽くしたが効無く、玉丸出産から3ヵ月余り後、景勝の帰還を待たずして急死。
English: Lamenting his ill-fated, much-loved concubine who died too early, Kagekatsu had her funeral conducted by a karo (chief retainer) Kanetsugu NAOE at Rinsen-ji Temple, which was the family temple of the Uesugi family (Yonezawa City).
Japanese: 景勝はこの薄幸の愛妾が余りにも早く死んだことを嘆き、その葬儀を家老直江兼続管轄の下、上杉家菩提寺の林泉寺(米沢市)で執り行った。
English: The tomb was initially located at Rinsen-ji Temple, but in May 1629, it was relocated to Gokuraku-ji Temple in Yonezawa, which was the family temple of Kagekatsu.
Japanese: 墓所は始め米沢林泉寺、のちに寛永6年4月（1629年）景勝の菩提寺でもある米沢極楽寺に移葬。
English: It is said that feudal retainers of the Uesugi clan did not have a favorable impression toward the concubine Yotsutsuji and the fact that Kagekatsu much favored her.
Japanese: 四辻氏自身、そして景勝が彼女を寵愛したことは上杉藩士からは好意や好感を持たれていなかったともいわれる。
English: A popular belief states that the earthquake that took place right after the concubine Yotsutsuji came to the Yonezawa-jo Castle is a retribution for Kagekatsu having welcomed a concubine into the castle disregarding the presence of Princess Kiku (who was Kagekatsu UESUGI's lawful wife), and that she died too young because she was cursed by the vengeful spirit of Princess Kiku.
Japanese: 四辻氏の米沢城入り直後に地震が起きたことを、景勝が正室の菊姫(上杉景勝正室)を差し置いて側室である女を城内に入れたことへの天罰としたり、彼女があまりにも早く死んだ原因を菊姫の怨霊の祟りとする俗説もあるという。
English: Regarding this popular belief, some would consider it is the reflection of the truth; Princess Kiku is known that she was truly adored by all in Uesugi clan, substantiated by the fact that she is favorably described in various references as a woman endowed with both beauty and intelligence, despite the fact she married into the Uesugi clan for political convenience; thus quite a few feudal retainers refused to admit the presence of the concubine Yotsutsuji near Kagekatsu.
Japanese: この俗説に関しては、菊姫は政略結婚によって上杉家に嫁いだ女性にも関わらず、複数の史書に才色兼備を謳われている程、上杉家中一同の深い敬愛を集める存在であったと伝えられることから、四辻氏という女性の存在自体を認めたくない家臣などが少なからずいた可能性は否定できないとの説もある。
English: However, considering the fact that bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was enforcing Kaieki (forfeit rank of Samurai and properties) one after another on Daimyo families (feudal lord families) without a successor, it is highly likely that the concubine Yotsutsuji was requested to enter the Uesugi family and acknowledged by the retainers to conceive a successor.
Japanese: しかし、当時、世継ぎのいない大名家を幕府が次々と改易していた事実を考えると、四辻氏は世継ぎを得るために家臣たちの了解と勧めによって、側室として納れた女性であった可能性が高い。
English: According to 'Uesugi-ke Gonenpu (Chronological list of the main events of the Uesugi family),' the birth of Sadakatsu was immediately notified to Kagekatsu who was staying in Fushimi at the time, and all the retainers in Fushimi visited the lord to offer their congratulations.
Japanese: 「上杉家御年譜」によれば、定勝の誕生は直ちに当時景勝が滞在中であった伏見に伝えられ、伏見在中の家臣たちは悉く参賀し慶祝したと記録されている。
English: In later years, Uesugi and Yotsutsuji families had trouble with bakufu over the treatment of the concubine Yotsutsuji's nephew, a Christian kugyo (high court noble) Mitsunori YAMAURA, while the grandson of Kagekatsu and the concubine Yotsutsuji, Tsunakatsu UESUGI who became the third lord of the clan, got married with his second cousin and a daughter of Kinaya YOTSUTSUJI, Princess Tomi, as his second wife.
Japanese: その後、上杉家と四辻家には、四辻氏の甥であるキリシタン公卿山浦光則の処遇を巡る幕府との軋轢などのトラブルもあった一方、景勝と四辻氏の孫にあたる三代藩主上杉綱勝は、継室として又従姉妹にあたる四辻公理の娘富姫を迎えている。
English: Yoshihira KUJO (June 6, 1184 - April 17, 1240) was a Kugyo (high court noble) who lived in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 九条良平（くじょうよしひら、元暦元年4月19日(旧暦)（1184年5月30日）-延応2年3月17日(旧暦)（1240年4月10日））は、鎌倉時代の公卿。
English: After holding the posts of jiju (a chamberlain), Ushosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), and Sachujo (Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), he assumed the position of Sangi (councillor) in 1204, and successively held the posts of Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state), Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of state), and chief councilor of state thereafter.
Japanese: 侍従、右少将、左中将などを経て、元久元年（1204年）に参議となり、その後権中納言、権大納言、大納言と歴任。
English: FUJIWARA no Mitate (year of birth unknown and died on July 16, 764) was an aristocrat and a bureaucrat in the Nara period.
Japanese: 藤原御楯（ふじわらのみたて、?-天平宝字8年6月9日（764年7月16日））は奈良時代の貴族、官僚。
English: While his maternal half-elder brothers, FUJIWARA no Nagate and Matate were in confrontation with FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, it was presumed that Mitate was a close aide to Nakamaro regarding his promotion and relationship with his relatives.
Japanese: 同母兄の藤原永手や眞楯が藤原仲麻呂と対立したのに対し、御楯はその出世内容や親族関係から仲麻呂の側近であったと推測されている。
English: However, his sudden premature death is considered to have indirectly caused Nakamaro's defeat in the later occurred FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War.
Japanese: しかし、仲麻呂に先立って急死したことが、後の藤原仲麻呂の乱で仲麻呂が敗退する間接的な原因であると考えられている。
English: In September 758, he rose to the official rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) (at this time, his name, 'Mitate' was recorded).
Japanese: 天平宝字2年（758年）8月　従四位下に昇叙（この時「御楯」と記される）
English: On February, 761, he was appointed to be Azechi (local inspector) of Iga Province, Omi Province and Wakasa Province as well as his existing role of Sangi (councilor) Jutotoku (the head of Jutoei whose duty was to support Goefu, the official agency of security guards).
Japanese: 天平宝字5年（761年）正月　参議授刀督の藤原御楯に伊賀国・近江国・若狭国の按察使を兼任させる
English: SOGA no Shoshi, or SOGA no Masako (the date of birth and death unknown) was a woman of the Soga clan in the late Asuka period.
Japanese: 蘇我娼子（そがのしょうし／そがのまさこ、生没年未詳）は飛鳥時代後期の蘇我氏の女性。
English: Her name, Shoshi, appears in "Sonpibunmyaku" (Japanese genealogical text), while in "Kugyobunin" (directory of court nobles), her name was written as SOGA no Onshi, or SOGA no Ounako.
Japanese: 「娼子」という名前は『尊卑分脈』に依る物で、『公卿補任』では蘇我媼子（そがのおんし／そがのおうなこ）と書かれている。
English: Shoshi married to FUJIWARA no Fuhito around the end of Emperor Tenmu's reign, and had three sons: FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, and FUJIWARA no Umakai.
Japanese: 天武天皇末期頃に藤原不比等に嫁ぎ、藤原武智麻呂、藤原房前、藤原宇合の三男を儲けた。
English: However, there is a tenacious skepticism whether Umakai was truly her child as his birth was much later than Muchimaro's or Fusasaki's.
Japanese: （但し、宇合については武智麻呂、房前と生年が離れるため、疑問を呈する意見も根強い）。
English: There is a description in "Shoku Nihonshoki" (Continuation of Chronicles of Japan)of AGATAINUKAI no Michiyo, as "(Fuhito's) second wife" that Fuhito got emarried with around 701.
Japanese: 大宝(日本)元年（701年）頃に不比等と再婚した県犬養三千代について『続日本紀』に「（不比等の）後妻」と書かれている。
English: Shoshi was the first lawful wife of Fuhito and died before 701.
Japanese: したがって、娼子は藤原不比等の最初の正室で大宝元年までには死去したことが分かる。
English: However, there are no descriptions of Shoshi in documents of the same period such as "Nihonshoki" (Chronicle of Japan), and much of Shoshi's deeds remain unknown.
Japanese: しかし、『日本書紀』などの同時代史料には全く記載がないため、事績には不明の点が多い。
English: It is not hard to learn that she was given a harsh background that she had to marry FUJIWARA no Fuhito who was assumably a ruined Gozoku (local ruling family).
Japanese: とはいえ、これまた当時没落豪族だったと推定される藤原不比等に嫁いだという状況から、彼女の周囲にも厳しい背景があったことが容易に推測できる。
English: However, when the Soga clan's blood related Emperor Jito (her grandfather, SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro, was Shoshi's granduncle) was enthroned, Fuhito was selected because of Shoshi' presence.
Japanese: しかし、蘇我氏の血縁にあった持統天皇（大叔父蘇我倉山田石川麻呂の外孫にあたる）が即位するに及び、不比等が取り立てられたのには彼女の存在があったからと考えられている。
English: Also, it is thought that the reason why FUJIWARA no Nakamaro promoted ISHIKAWA no Toshitari was because he was Shoshi's blood relative.
Japanese: また後年、藤原仲麻呂が石川年足を取り立てたのも彼女の血縁による物とされている。
English: The Soga clan (the Ishikawa clan) eventually disappeared because of the extinction of Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu, who came from a long line of the Soga clan.
Japanese: 結局、蘇我氏（石川氏）自体はその血を引いていた天武天皇の皇統断絶等もあって、姿を消す事となった。
English: Which resulted Shoshi to have maternally kept the bloodline of the Soga clan through the Fujiwara clan until now.
Japanese: その為、女系ながらも彼女が藤原氏を通して、その血統を現在まで伝える事となった。
English: Other than Shoshi, who left the SOGA clan's blood to the Imperial family was only SOGA no Kitashihime, SOGA no Inam's daughter, as tracking back the history.
Japanese: なお彼女の他に蘇我氏の血を天皇家に残したのは、時代を遡り蘇我稲目の娘である蘇我堅塩媛のみである。
English: The family line is: SOGA no Kitashihime - Sakurai no Miko - Kibitsuhime Okimi - Empress Kogyoku - Emperor Tenchi - the present Emperor of Japan.
Japanese: その系統は蘇我堅塩媛―桜井皇子―吉備姫王―皇極天皇―天智天皇―今上天皇となる。
English: Kita KUSUNOSE (1836 to 1920) was a Japanese women's movement activist.
Japanese: 楠瀬喜多（くすのせきた、天保7年（1836年）-大正9年（1920年））は日本の婦人運動家。
English: In 1857, she was married to Minoru KUSUNOSE who was an instructor of Kendo (Japanese art of fencing) of Tosa Domain, but became a widow in 1874.
Japanese: 1857年には、土佐藩の剣道指南役を勤める楠瀬実と結婚するが、1874年に死別。
English: Since they did not have any children nor adopted children, Kusunose took over as a householder.
Japanese: 2人の間には、養子を含めて子供がいなかったので、楠瀬が戸主として相続した。
English: However, in 1878, she was not approved to vote at the Kochi Prefectural Municipal Election because she was a woman, even though she paid tax as a householder.
Japanese: しかし、1878年、高知県区会議員選挙で戸主として納税しているのにも関わらず、女性であることを理由に投票が認められなかった。
English: At that time, Fukenkai kisoku (the rules of prefectural assembly) stipulated that 'men over 20 years old whose domicile is in that county and prefecture and who pay more than 5 yen tax are eligible to vote (Article 14 of the same law).'
Japanese: なお、当時の府県会規則には、「選挙資格は、満20歳以上の男子で、その郡区内に本籍を定め、地租5円以上を納める者（同法第14条）」と定められていた。
English: However, the national criteria for Kuchosonkai (municipal assembly), the lower organization of Fukenkai (prefectural assembly), was not stipulated in the law of the local system, Gunkuchoson henseiho.
Japanese: しかしながら、府県会の下部組織である区町村会については郡区町村編制法に全国的な統一基準が設けられてはいなかったのである。
English: Kusunose protested against the fact that she was not allowed to vote just because she was a woman, and stopped paying her taxes.
Japanese: これに対し、楠瀬は女性であるだけで、選挙権が認められないことに抗議して税金を滞納した。
English: However, Kochi Prefecture did not accept Kusunose's request, and thus she even sent a written opinion to the Ministry of Interior (Japan).
Japanese: だが、高知県側は、楠瀬の要求の受け入れを拒否したため、楠瀬は内務省(日本)にまで意見書を提出した。
English: She, after all, could not vote in the election, however, her action was jointed to the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and on September 20, 1880, Kuchsonkai ho (the law of municipal assembly) was issued, which gave each Kuchsonkai (municipal assembly) the right to make rules of its own election.
Japanese: 結果的にこの選挙での投票はかなわなかったものの、自由民権運動と結びつき、1880年9月20日に政府より区町村会法が発布され、区町村会選挙規則制定権が各区町村会で認められた。
English: Accordingly, only women who were householders became eligible to vote for the first time in Japan.
Japanese: こうして日本で初めて、戸主に限り、女性参政権が正式に認められるに至った。
English: After that, it was also approved in the next village, Kodakasa Village (however, in 1884, the government changed Kuchsonkai ho [the law of municipal assembly] and took the rulemaking power from them).
Japanese: その後、隣の小高坂村でも同様に認められた（しかし、1884年に政府が区町村会法を改正して、規則制定権を区町村会から取り上げられてしまう）。
English: She continued the women's liberation movement, and her name was known as 'Minken Basan'.
Japanese: その後も女性解放運動を続け、楠瀬の名は「民権ばあさん」として知られわたった。
English: Tamemune ISA (year of birth unknown, died in 1221 [?]) was a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) who lived in the early Kamakura Period.
Japanese: 伊佐為宗（いさためむね、生年不明-承久3年（1221年）？）は鎌倉時代初期の御家人。
English: Tamemune's younger sister Daishin no Tsubone became a concubine of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and gave birth to a son (Jogyo).
Japanese: 妹の大進局が源頼朝の妾となり、頼朝との間に男子（貞暁）を生んでいる。
English: In 1189, Tamemune took part in the campaign with his younger brothers Tameshige UENO, Suketsuna DATE, and Tameie DATE for the Battle of Oshu (Oshu-Seibatsu [Kamakura bakufu's military campaign against the Fujiwara of northern Japan]) launched by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to hunt down and kill FUJIWARA no Yasuhira.
Japanese: 文治5年（1189年）、源頼朝が藤原泰衡追討のために行った奥州合戦（奥州征伐）に、弟の殖野為重、伊達資綱、伊達為家とともに従軍。
English: On September 26, Tamemune's troops decapitated the heads of 18 enemies including Motoharu SATO, and gibbeted at Kyogaoka of Mt. Atsukashi after winning the Battle of Ishinazakahe to capture the foremost outpost fortress of the Oshu side situated in Shinobu County.
Japanese: 8月8日(旧暦)、奥州方の最前線基地である信夫郡の石那坂の戦いの城砦を攻略し、佐藤基治など敵18人の首を取り、阿津賀志山の経ヶ岡にその首を梟したという。
English: While Tamemune stayed in Isa County (Hitachi Province), Nensai and Tamemune's younger brothers moved to Date County and called themselves as 'Date' to be the founder of Date clan.
Japanese: 為宗は伊佐郡(常陸国)に留ったが、念西と為宗の弟などが伊達郡に下って「伊達」を称し、伊達氏の祖となった。
English: In 1221, he fought in the Jokyu War and died in the Battle of Uji-gawa River.
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）、承久の乱に従軍した為宗は宇治川の戦いで戦死。
English: Some busho in his ancestors served as Shugo (a provincial military governor), but they did not make their descendants succeed themselves, so the Ueno clan stayed in Kyoto to support the shogunate government as the close advisers to Shogun.
Japanese: 祖先の中には守護を務めた武将もいるが、世襲に至らず京都にあって将軍の側近として幕政を支えていた。
English: When the eleventh Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA was expelled from the shogunate by his cousin Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA and escaped safely to Saigoku (western part of Japan), Nobutaka appointed not only a trusted vassal Nobutaka UENO who had come with Yoshitane to the lord of Kimurayama-jo Castle in Bicchu Province, but also Masayuki NIKAIDO and Sadanobu ISE to the lords of the other castles at the neighboring spots to make them form the power of the Yoshitane side in Saigoku.
Japanese: 信孝は11代将軍足利義稙が従弟　足利義澄に将軍職を追われて、西国に落ち延びると、動向した近臣　上野信孝をして備中国鬼邑山城に封じたのをはじめ、二階堂政行、伊勢貞信もその近隣の諸城に封じて西国における義稙方勢力の形成にあたらせた。
English: In the Eisho era (1504 - 1521), Nobutaka made a member of the clan Takanao UENO enter Kimurayama-jo Castle to make him the lord and appointed his son Yorihisa UENO to the lord of Bicchu Matsuyama-jo Castle, and he himself went back to Kyoto and served in the Muromachi bakufu again.
Japanese: 永正年間に、信孝は鬼邑山城を一門の上野高直を入れて城主となし、子の上野頼久をして備中松山城主に封じ自らは帰洛し再び室町幕府に近侍した。
English: Sukenaga came from the FUJIWARA no Otomaro line of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan, and the third son of Suketsune KUDO who was killed by Soga brothers in revenge.
Japanese: 藤原南家藤原乙麻呂（乙麻呂）流の一族で、曾我兄弟の仇討ちに殺された工藤祐経の三男が工藤祐長である。
English: In order to suppress the remnants of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), he was appointed to jito shiki (manager and lord of a private estate) of Nagano region in Ise Province, and was granted Ano and Anki Counties.
Japanese: 伊勢平氏残党の討伐のため、伊勢国長野の地頭職となって安濃・奄芸二郡を給わった。
English: The Nagano clan originated from the son of Sukenaga, Sukemasa KUDO, who moved to Nagano and called himself the Nagano clan.
Japanese: その子・工藤祐政が長野に来住して長野氏を名乗ったのが、長野氏の起源である。
English: This Nagano clan in Ise Province is initially called 'Nagano Kudo clan' for its original 'Kudo' name, in order to distinguish from other Nagano clans.
Japanese: 元来は工藤氏と称していたため、他の長野氏と区別するために、「長野工藤氏」と呼称されている。
English: After that, he became Mimasaka no kuni no kami (the governor of Mimasaka Province), however, he caused a scandal that he was part of a conspiracy to kill four people by October 22, 735.
Japanese: その後美作国守となるが、天平7年（735年）9月28日（旧暦）までに何人かと共謀し、故意に4人を殺害するという不祥事を起こした。
English: The article of 'Shoku Nihongi' on September 28, 735 tells that the judges including TAKAHASHI Yasumaro and AGATA no Inukai no Iwasuki left the case untouched in their negligence of duty, but victims' families made allegations and he was improsoned, then, he was released on the above mentioned day.
Japanese: この時の裁判担当だった高橋安麻呂や県犬養石次らが職務怠慢で裁判を放置したため、被害者の親族から訴えられ罪に服していたがこの日許された、と「続日本紀」天平7年9月28日条に書かれてある。
English: Presumably he was sentenced to death by law and executed, as there is no further record of his life.
Japanese: 但し、帯麻呂のその後の消息も未詳のため、律に則り死刑になったと推測される。
English: His promotion and other details suggested that he was not happy with his granted official rank, he possibly got himself involved in Nagayao no hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao) with other officials at the ranks of Gaii.
Japanese: その昇進の経緯などから、叙位に対する不満から他の外位任官者と共に長屋王の変に関わった可能性が指摘されている。
English: His two children were well-known; one of the children was ABE no Otomasa who was famous as a book collector in the early Heian period and the other child was his daughter who became FUJIWARA no Matate's wife and gave birth to FUJIWARA no Uchimaro.
Japanese: 子女は平安時代初期に蔵書家として著名であったという阿倍弟当（あべのおとまさ）と藤原真楯の夫人となり藤原内麻呂を産んだ娘の2名が知られている。
English: She later served as a minor Court lady at the Empress's residence and became one of Emperor Kanmu's favorite women, but was never recognized as the Emperor's consort throughout her life.
Japanese: 後桓武天皇の後宮で女官となり寵愛を得たが、終生正式の妃の一人には認められなかった。
English: Her father was ASUKABE no Natomaro (written as 飛鳥部奈止麻呂 or 安宿奈止麿 in Japanese), who was a lower-level noble descended from a Chinese or Korean family with the rank of Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), and he was based in Asukabe County, Kawachi Province (present-day Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 父は飛鳥部奈止麻呂（安宿奈止麿とも）という正五位の河内国安宿郡（現大阪府羽曳野市）を本拠とする渡来人系の下級貴族であった。
English: Asukabe County is said to have been a place which had strong associations with members from the Fujiwara clan such as Empress Komyo and Prince Asukabe.
Japanese: 安宿郡は光明皇后や安宿王など藤原氏と縁が深いとされている土地柄である。
English: Afterward, she became a nyoju (court lady who serves in the inner palace) at the harem of Emperor Kanmu, and she won his affection and had a son.
Japanese: 後に桓武天皇の後宮で女嬬となるが、この時に天皇の寵愛を受け皇子を儲けた。
English: However, her son was never recognized as an imperial prince because Nagatsugu was from a lower class; eventually, he was demoted from nobility to subject, and he changed his name to YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo.
Japanese: しかし、この皇子は母・永継の身分が低かったためか親王として認められることはなく、臣籍降下させられ良岑安世と改名した。
English: Motoyoshi KANZE (1873 to 1920) was a Noh actor of the Kanze school.
Japanese: 観世元義（かんぜもとよし、1873年-1920年）は、観世流能楽師。
English: Marrying the daughter Mitsuko of the 6th Kuroemon KATAYAMA and the 3rd Yachiyo INOUE, he inherited the name as the 7th Kuroemon, and changed it to Kurosaburo KATAYAMA later.
Japanese: 6代片山九郎右衛門と、3代井上八千代の娘・光子と結婚し、7代九郎右衛門を名乗り、その後片山九郎三郎。
English: Kinzo HIROSE (November 4, 1812 - March 8, 1876) was an Ukiyo-e artist who lived from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 弘瀬金蔵（ひろせきんぞう、文化(元号)9年10月1日(旧暦)（1812年11月4日）-明治9年（1876年）3月8日）は、幕末・明治期の浮世絵師。
English: While he changed his name more than 10 times throughout his life, he is generally known as Kinzo HIROSE; especially in his hometown Kochi Prefecture and nearby areas, he is affectionately called by his nickname, Ekin.
Japanese: 本名は生前、10回以上にわたり改名しているが一般には弘瀬金蔵の名で知られており、高知県下を中心に絵金（えきん）の愛称で親しまれている。
English: Since he was very young, he had been recognized for his talent of drawing in the castle town of Kochi; he went to Edo at the age of 16 to study under Towa MAEMURA, a goyo eshi serving at the Edo hantei of Tosa clan.
Japanese: 幼少の折から絵の才能で城下の評判となり、16歳で江戸に行き土佐江戸藩邸御用絵師・前村洞和の師事を仰ぐ。
English: He completed his apprenticeship in total 3 years, which usually takes at least 10 years; he was given a pseudonym of Toi HAYASHI and returned to Kochi.
Japanese: 通常ならば10年はかかるとされる修行期間を足かけ3年で修了し、林洞意（はやしとうい）の名を得て高知に帰郷。
English: However, he was dismissed from his position on the suspicion of counterfeiting the work of Tanyu KANO　and expelled from the castle town of Kochi-jo Castle, while Kano school expelled him from its school member list.
Japanese: しかし、狩野探幽の贋作を描いた嫌疑を掛けられたことで職を解かれ高知城下所払いの処分となり、狩野派からは破門を言い渡される。
English: Whether he actually produced counterfeit or not is unknown, but there are some opinions vindicating Toi that he was framed up by those who were jealous of Toi as he was promoted from a mere townspeople to a goyo eshi at such young age, by abusing Toi's reproduction for study purpose acquired by some antique dealer.
Japanese: 洞意が実際に贋作を描いたかどうか真相は明らかではないが、習作として模写したものが古物商の手に渡り、町人の身分から若くして御用絵師に取り立てられた洞意に対する周囲の嫉妬により濡れ衣を着せられたのではないかと洞意を擁護する意見も存在する。
English: There remains many unknown points about his life after leaving the castle town of Kochi-jo Castle and changing his name to Hirose by purchasing a name from a town doctor; yet it is known that he resorted his aunt and settled down in Akaoka town (present-day Konan City) from the Keio era, called himself by the name of 'Kinzo the painter for townspeople,' and left many paintings in the form of shibai-e (pictures of kabuki plays) or pictures for standing lanterns, ema (a votive horse tablet) or kites, whenever he was asked by local peasants or fishermen.
Japanese: 高知城下を離れて町医者から弘瀬姓を買い取った後の足取りには不明な点が多いが、慶応年間より叔母を頼って赤岡町（現・香南市）に定住し「町絵師・金蔵」を名乗り、地元の農民や漁民に頼まれるがままに芝居絵や台提灯絵、絵馬、凧絵などを数多く描いた。
English: The jumbling, provincial and gory shibai-e paintings produced during this period were especially popular, and the neighbors of Akaoka still hold the 'Tosa Akaoka Ekin Festival' every year in July, to exhibit his paintings owned by each house on folding screens.
Japanese: この時期の猥雑、土俗的で血みどろの芝居絵は特に人気が高く、現在も赤岡では毎年7月に各家が屏風絵を開陳する「土佐赤岡絵金祭り」が開かれている。
English: After the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor), he returned to his hometown Kochi, but he lost control of his right hand after he suffered from paralysis in 1873; still, he continued painting with his left hand.
Japanese: 大政奉還の後は生まれ故郷の高知に戻るが、1873年に中風を患い右手の自由が利かなくなったため左手で絵を描き続けた。
English: Nobuyoshi NAKAYAMA (1577 - February 5, 1642) was a Tsukegaro (Karo [chief retainer] assigned directly by the shogun when the sons of the Tokugawa became daimyo) of the Mito domain.
Japanese: 中山信吉（なかやまのぶよし、天正5年（1577年）-寛永19年1月6日(旧暦)（1642年2月5日））は、水戸藩附家老。
English: In 1577, Nobuyoshi NAKAYAMA was born as the second son of Ienori (Kageyu) NAKAYAMA, a vassal of the Odawara Hojo clan.
Japanese: 1577年、小田原北条氏家臣・中山家範（勘解由）の次男として生まれた。