nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Although the Emperor had already passed away, the staff he had used during his time as a priest was found one day by Sojun IKKYU, a young Buddhist novice, and this staff opened up a portal to a kind of hell dimension that Sojun then fell into.
Japanese: 既に故人ではあるが、彼の遺品であった拄杖が恐ろしい空間を生み出し、小坊主時代の一休宗純が嵌ってしまう。
English: Emperor Komyo (January 11, 1322 - July 26, 1380) his reign was from September 20, 1336 to November 18, 1348, he was the second Emperor of the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 光明天皇（こうみょうてんのう、元亨元年12月23日（1322年1月11日）-天授6年/康暦2年6月24日（1380年7月26日））在位：延元元年/建武3年8月15日（1336年9月20日）-正平3年/貞和4年10月27日（1348年11月18日））は、南北朝時代の北朝第2代天皇である。
English: In 1911 it was decided to use Southern Court as the standard era, the Emperor was excluded from successive emperors. (Ever since the Northern court era was considered as the standard era that leads to the current Imperial lineage.)
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）に南朝が正統とされたため、歴代天皇からは除外されてしまっている（それまでは一貫して現皇統につながる北朝が正統とされていた）。
English: Takauji ASIKAGA, who broke away from the Kenmu Restoration under Emperor Godaigo, won the Battle of Minatogawa and entered Kyoto in 1336, Emperor Godaigo escaped to Mt. Hiei's Enryaku-ji Temple at this time.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇の建武の新政から離反した足利尊氏が湊川の戦いで宮方に勝利し、建武3年（1336年）に京都に入ると後醍醐天皇は比叡山延暦寺に逃走する。
English: Imperial Prince Yutahito succeeded to the throne instead of Emperor Godaigo, although he did not have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family, after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Kogon and became Emperor Komyo on August 15, and this was the beginning of the Northern Court.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇の代わりに8月15日に豊仁が三種の神器の無い状況で光厳天皇の院宣により即位して光明天皇となり、北朝が成立する。
English: Emperor Godaigo escaped to Yoshino on December 21, then established the Southern Court, this was the beginning of the Southern Court.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇は12月21日に吉野に逃れて南朝を設立して南北朝が成立する。
English: It was not an absolute condition to have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family for Imperial succession at that time, enthronement followed the example of Emperor Gotoba's enthronement after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Goshirakawa, without having the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 三種の神器がない状況での即位は後鳥羽天皇が後白河天皇の院宣により即位した先例に従ったものであり、この時代は三種の神器が皇位継承の絶対条件ではなかったのである。
English: The Emperor's brother, retired Emperor Kogon ruled the cloister government at that time, his first Prince succeeded to the throne as Emperor Suko on October 27, 1348.
Japanese: 兄の光厳上皇による院政が行われており、1348年10月27日に光厳上皇の第1皇子崇光天皇に譲位した。
English: While he acted as retired Emperor, during the Kanno Disturbance when the ASHIKAGA clan's internal struggle was raging in 1352, he and retired Emperor Kogon were captured by the Southern Court as Emperor Gomurakami's army chased Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA in Kyoto and recaptured the city.
Japanese: 上皇にあった後は、1352年に足利氏の内紛である観応の擾乱に乗じて後村上天皇の軍が京都の足利義詮を追い都を奪回した際に、光厳上皇と共々南朝に捕らえらる。
English: The Emperor was placed under house arrest at Ano in Yamato Province (currently known as Gojo City, Nara Prefecture) by the Southern Court after the unification of the Imperial line in the Shohei era.
Japanese: 南朝による正平一統が行われると以後は南朝方により大和国賀名生（奈良県五條市）に軟禁される。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Daikomyo-ji no Misasagi at Taichoro, Momoyama-cho Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区桃山町秦長老の大光明寺陵（だいこうみょうじのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Suko (May 25, 1334 - January 31, 1398), his reign was from November 18, 1348 to November 26, 1351, he was the third Emperor of the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 崇光天皇（すこうてんのう、建武元年4月22日（1334年5月25日）-応永5年1月13日（1398年1月31日）在位：正平3年/貞和4年10月27日（1348年11月18日）-正平6年/観応2年11月7日（1351年11月26日））は、南北朝時代の北朝第3代天皇である。
English: He was excluded from the successive Emperors since the Southern Court was considered as the standard era in 1911. (Until then the Northern Court, that leads to the current Imperial line, was considered as standard era.)
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）に南朝が正統とされたため、歴代天皇からは除外されてしまっている（それまでは一貫して現皇統につながる北朝が正統とされていた）。
English: During that time, while retired Emperor Kogon ruled the cloister government, the Kanno Disturbance occurred due to internal struggling within the ASHIKAGA clan, after Takauji's decision to pay allegiance to the Southern Court, unification of the Imperial lineage in the Shohei era was concluded in 1351, and the Emperor and Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito (Emperor Hanazono's Prince) lost their positions on November 7.
Japanese: 光厳上皇が院政を敷いたが、足利家の内紛から観応の擾乱が起こり、1351年（観応2年/正平6年）には尊氏が南朝に帰順することで観応の擾乱正平一統が成立し、11月7日に皇太子直仁親王（花園天皇皇子）とともに廃立される。
English: In February 1352, the Southern Court invaded Kyoto to temporarily pursue Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the Emperor was taken away with retired Emperor Kogon, retired Emperor Komyo and Imperial Prince Naohito, to Ano, and were held in confinement.
Japanese: 1352年（観応3年/正平7年）2月、南朝が京都へ侵攻して足利義詮を一時的に追い、光厳上皇・光明上皇、直仁親王と共に南朝の本拠である賀名生へ拉致され、幽閉された。
English: In the Northern Court, since the Emperor was removed from the Southern Court, Imperial Prince Iyahito, the third Prince of the Kogon-in and Emperor Suko's younger brother, was enthroned as Emperor Gokogen.
Japanese: 北朝では天皇が南朝方に連れ去られてしまったため、代わりに光厳院の第三皇子で崇光天皇の弟にあたる弥仁親王を後光厳天皇として即位させた。
English: The Emperor was in durance for two years while in Ano, three years in Kawachi Kongo-ji Temple, when the Southern Courts became weak and concluded peace together, he went back to Kyoto with the Kogon-in and Imperial Prince Naohito in 1357.
Japanese: 賀名生で2年、河内金剛寺で3年あまりの幽閉生活を送るが、南朝勢力が衰微して講和へ傾くようになると、1357年（延文2年/正平12年）に光厳院、直仁親王と共に帰京する。
English: Emperor Suko wanted his son, Imperial Prince Yoshihito (Fushimi no miya I) to become Crown Prince, a problem arose as to who would become the successor of the Imperial throne when Emperor Gokogon approached the government in August 1370 to request that his son, Imperial Prince Ohito (Emperor Goenyu) become Crown Prince, in the end, Ohito became the Crown Prince.
Japanese: 崇光上皇は皇子の栄仁（よしひと）親王（伏見宮初代）の立太子を望み、1370年（応安3年/建徳元年）8月に後光厳天皇が自らの皇子である緒仁親王（後円融天皇）の立太子を幕府に申し出ると皇位継承問題が起こるが、緒仁への皇位継承が決定する。
English: In 1428, thirty years after the Emperor's death, his great-grandchild, Prince Hikohito (the Emperor Gohanazono) succeeded to the throne as an adopted child of Emperor Gokomatsu.
Japanese: 没後30年目の1428年（正長元年）、曾孫である彦仁王（後花園天皇）が後小松天皇の猶子として即位している。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Dai Komyo-ji no Misasagi at Taichoro, Momoyama-cho Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区桃山町秦長老の大光明寺陵（だいこうみょうじのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Gokogon (March 23, 1338 - March 12, 1374), his reign was from September 25, 1352 to April 9, 1371, he was the fourth Emperor of the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 後光厳天皇（ごこうごんてんのう延元3年/暦応元年3月2日（1338年3月23日）-文中3年/応安7年1月29日（1374年3月12日）在位：正平8年/文和元年8月17日（1352年9月25日）-建徳2年/応安4年3月23日（1371年4月9日））は、南北朝時代の北朝第4代天皇である。
English: He was excluded from the successive Emperors since the Southern Court was considered the standard era in 1911. (Until then the Northern Court which led to current Imperial line, was considered as standard era.)
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）に南朝が正統とされたため、歴代天皇からは除外されてしまっている（それまでは一貫して現皇統につながる北朝が正統とされていた）。
English: In his childhood he was supervised by Kogimon-in (Neishi (Yasuko) SAIONJI), who was a high-ranking lady in the court; an empress of Emperor Gofushimi and his grandmother.
Japanese: 幼少時には、後伏見天皇の女御で祖母にあたる広義門院（西園寺寧子）に後見される。
English: In 1351, after the leader of the Northern Court, Takauji ASHIKAGA, submitted to the Southern Court, unification of the Imperial line took place in the Shohei era during the Kanno Disturbance, and the Imperial lineage was given to the Southern Court temporarily.
Japanese: 1351年、北朝を擁する足利尊氏が南朝に帰順し、皇統が一時的に南朝へ統一される観応の擾乱正平一統が成立する。
English: In the following year, 1352, unification had not been concluded after the Southern Dynasty suppressed Kyoto with military force and pursued Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 翌52年には南朝が京を軍事的に制圧して足利義詮を追い、正平一統は破綻。
English: When the Northern Court recaptured Kyoto, the Southern Court evacuated and Emperor Kogon (father), Emperor Komyo (uncle), Emperor Suko (brother) and Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito were taken away to Yoshino.
Japanese: 北朝は京都を奪還するものの、南朝方が撤退する際に北朝の光厳天皇（父）、光明天皇（叔父）、崇光天皇（兄）及び皇太子の直仁親王を吉野へ連行する。
English: After the three retired Emperors were taken away, public affairs were suspended in the Northern Court, and there was either no Chikun no Kimi to issue commands from the ex-emperor or they did not have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 三上皇の拉致により、北朝では公事が停止し、院宣を発する治天の君や三種の神器も無い状態であった。
English: Although Prince Iyahito was expected to enter Myohoin, after Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA of Kyoto discussed the situation with Yoshimoto NIJO, they asked for help for Kogimon-in, Prince Iyahito received the order to succeed to the throne and was enthroned as Emperor Gokogon in August 17, following the example of ancient Emperor Keitai who was enthroned after being appointed by Enshin (延臣).
Japanese: 弥仁は妙法院への入室が予定されていたが、京都の足利義詮は二条良基と相談の上、北朝再建のために広義門院に要請し、延臣に擁立されて即位した古代の継体天皇の先例も引照して、8月17日に弥仁は践祚され、後光厳天皇として即位。
English: The Northern Court became weak due to the lack of orthodoxy on the part of Emperor Gokogon, to the contrary, the Southern Court took positive steps to recapture Kyoto, Emperor Gokogon went down to Kyoto to Omi Province several times.
Japanese: 後光厳の正統性の欠如などで北朝権威は弱体化し、南朝は京を奪還するなど活発に活動、後光厳も京都から近江国などへ下向することも何度かあった。
English: In 1370 the Emperor requested the government's advice as to why the first Prince, Imperial Prince Ohito (the Emperor Goenyu) was passed over for the throne, his brother, Emperor Suko who returned to Kyoto in 1357, insisted to have his own son, Fushimi no Miya Imperial Prince Yoshihito succeed to the throne.
Japanese: 1370年（応安2年8月）には、第一皇子の緒仁親王（後円融天皇）への譲位を幕府に諮問するが、1357年に帰京していた兄の崇光が自らの皇子である伏見宮栄仁親王への皇統返還を主張する。
English: In the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), under the supervision of the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, a shogunal deputy (kanrei), Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA answered Emperor Gokogon's, and the following year, 1371 (March 23), the Emperor passed the throne to Prince Ohito and started a cloistered government.
Japanese: 幕府では3代将軍足利義満のもと、管領の細川頼之が後光厳の意思を尊重するべきであると回答し、翌1371年（応安4年3月23日）に、緒仁へ譲位して院政を敷く。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi at Fukakusa Bo-cho Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区深草坊町にある深草北陵（ふかくさのきたのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Goenyu (January 11, 1359 - June 6, 1393), his reign was from April 9, 1371 to May 24, 1382, he was the fifth Northern Court Emperor of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 後円融天皇（ごえんゆうてんのう、延文3年/正平13年12月12日（1359年1月11日）-明徳4年4月26日（1393年6月6日）在位：応安4年/建徳2年3月23日（1371年4月9日）-永徳2年/弘和2年4月11日（1382年5月24日））は、南北朝時代の北朝第5代天皇である。
English: He was excluded from successive Emperors since the Southern Court was considered as the standard era in 1911. (Until then, the Northern Court which led to current Imperial lineage, was considered as the standard era.)
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）に南朝が正統とされたため、歴代天皇からは除外されてしまっている（それまでは一貫して現皇統につながる北朝が正統とされていた）。
English: His mother was the Minister of the Left, Kanetsuna HIROHASHI's adopted daughter, Sukenmon-in FUJIWARA no Nakako. (real father was the highest-ranking priest in charge of the clerical business of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, KI no Michikiyo (紀通清).)
Japanese: 母は、左大臣広橋兼綱の養女、崇賢門院・藤原仲子（実父は、岩清水八幡宮社務法印紀通清）。
English: Nakako's sister, KI no Yoshiko was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's mother, Emperor Goenyu was Yoshimitsu's maternal cousin and they both were same age. (or one year difference according to the solar calendar)
Japanese: 仲子の姉妹の紀良子は足利義満の母で、後円融天皇と義満は母系で従兄弟に当たり、また同い年である（新暦では1つ違いになる）。
English: In 1371 after receiving the title Prince by Imperial order, he immediately succeeded to the throne after Emperor Gokogon passed the throne to him.
Japanese: 1371年（応安4年）に親王宣下を受け立太子され、即座に後光厳天皇の譲位を受けて即位。
English: Emperor Gokogon and Emperor Suko opposed each other concerning the succession of the Crown Prince, since Emperor Gokogon had support from a shogunate deputy of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, his son, Imperial Prince Ohito became Crown Prince.
Japanese: これには後光厳天皇と崇光天皇の間に皇太子擁立の対立が有り、後光厳が室町幕府の管領である細川頼之の支持などを受け、後光厳天皇の皇子の緒仁親王が即位した。
English: In 1368 Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA became a seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") while he was still young, Shogunal deputy, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA supervised him when retired Emperor Gokogon ruled the cloister government until 1374.
Japanese: 1368年に足利義満が征夷大将軍に就いたが、年若い為に管領細川頼之が後見しており、1374年までは後光厳上皇による院政が行われていた。
English: Politics were at a standstill confronted with issues like the Northern and Southern Dynasty measures, in contrast, the Imperial Palace was at peace.
Japanese: 南朝対策など政治は膠着状態であったが、その分だけ朝廷は安定していた。
English: In 1379 when Yoriyuki lost his position due to Yoshimasa SHIBA's work, Yoshimitsu exhibited his skill to rule the government and gradually started getting involved in the business of the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 1379年に斯波義将などの動きで頼之が失脚すると義満の政治手腕が発揮され、徐々に朝廷の事務にも介入を始める。
English: In 1382 on April 11 he passed the throne to his son, Emperor Gokomatsu and started ruling the cloistered government, however, he did not have control of politics since Yoshimitsu was actively involved in the Imperial Palace's business, the following year incidents happened where he beat the Empress Takako after she returned to the Imperial Palace after giving birth to her child, or his favorite mistress, Azechi no Tsubone became a nun after an affair with Yoshimitsu became apparent, and rumors were spreading that Yoshimitsu tried to sentence the retired Emperor to deportation and so on, he attempted to commit suicide inside the Jibutsu-do.
Japanese: 1382年（永徳2年）4月11日に息子の後小松天皇に譲位して、上皇として院政を開始するが、義満が朝廷の事務に積極的に介入したため実権は無く、翌年には出産を終えて宮中へ戻った妃の厳子を殴打する事件や、愛妾の按察局が義満との密通を疑われて出家する事件、義満が上皇を配流するという噂が流れると、持仏堂に篭って自殺未遂を起こすなどの騒動を起こしている。
English: In 1392 the period of the Northern and Southern Courts finished after a peace agreement was concluded between both parties with Yoshimitsu's help, the retired Emperor died on April 26, 1393.
Japanese: 1392年（明徳3年）には義満の斡旋によって南朝との和平が成立して南北朝時代が終結したが、1393年（明徳4年）4月26日に崩御した。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi at Fukakusa Bo-Cho Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto city.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区深草坊町にある深草北陵（ふかくさのきたのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Empress Meisho (January 9, 1624 - December 4, 1696) was the hundred-ninth Emperor. (her reign was from December 22, 1629 to November 14, 1643.)
Japanese: 明正天皇（めいしょうてんのう、元和9年11月19日（1624年1月9日）-元禄9年11月10日（1696年12月4日））は、第109代天皇（在位：寛永6年11月8日（1629年12月22日）-寛永20年10月3日（1643年11月14日））。
English: Her mother was the Grand Minister and a seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Hidetada TOKUGAWA's daughter, Tofukumon-in Kazuko TOKUGAWA. (When she entered the Imperial Palace, her name, Kazuko was changed to Masako as her original name was not a preferred one under Palace customs.)
Japanese: 母は太政大臣征夷大将軍徳川秀忠の娘、東福門院徳川和子（かずこ、入内の際に濁音発音を嫌う宮廷風習にならい「まさこ」と読みを変える）。
English: The Empress succeeded to the throne at the age of seven as Imperial Princess Okiko after suddenly receiving the title Princess by Imperial order from her father, Emperor Gomizunoo, who was angry about the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) after the Shie Incident in 1629, and another incident, Shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's educator, Kasuga no Tsubone entered the Imperial Palace without any official position.
Japanese: 寛永6年（1629年）の紫衣事件や将軍徳川家光の乳母春日局が無官のまま参内した事件に、江戸幕府への憤りを覚えた父の後水尾天皇から突然の内親王宣下と譲位を受け、興子内親王として7歳で践祚。
English: During her reign, she did not have any political control within the Imperial Palace instead, retired Emperor Gomizunoo ruled the cloistered government.
Japanese: 治世中は後水尾上皇による院政が敷かれ、明正天皇が朝廷における実権を持つことは何一つなかった。
English: In 1643 she passed the throne to her half younger brother, Emperor Gokomyo when she was twenty one years old, and became ex-empress, then became a nun.
Japanese: 寛永20年（1643年）21歳で異母弟の後光明天皇に譲位して太上天皇となり、出家。
English: In the old days, there was an unwritten rule saying that 'empresses have to remain single all their lives, after the succession of the Imperial Throne'.
Japanese: 古代より「天皇となった女性は即位後、終生独身を通さなければならない」という不文律があった。
English: This unwritten rule was originally made to avoid any trouble that might occur in Imperial succession, Emperor Gomizunoo used this to stop the Tokugawa lineage from the Imperial lineage and intended not to have any Tokugawa blood in the Imperial family, thus he made his daughter, Empress Meisho to succeed the throne. (However Okiko's younger sister, Imperial Princess Akiko and Imperial Princess Yoshiko married into the Konoe family and the Nijo family, two of the five families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku.)
Japanese: この決まりは元来、皇位継承の際の混乱を避けることが主要な意図であるが、後水尾天皇はこの不文律を利用し、天皇家から徳川の血を絶やし、後世までその累が及ばぬようにするという意図などをもって、娘の明正天皇を即位させたといわれている（ただし興子の同母妹の昭子・賀子両内親王はそれぞれ五摂家の近衛家・二条家に降嫁している）。
English: On that occasion, it meant the Edo bakufu seriously started getting involved in the Imperial Palace under "the law for the Court in the Edo period."
Japanese: これを機に『禁中並公家諸法度』に基づいて江戸幕府の朝廷に対する介入が本格化した事を意味する。
English: However, in the Imperial Palace Emperor Gomizunoo still took control of politics and ruled the cloistered government.
Japanese: しかし朝廷内においては院政を敷いた後水尾上皇が依然として実権を握っていた。
English: Originally the cloistered government could not have been regulated under "the laws for the Court during the Edo period" as it was beyond the regulated legal system within the Imperial Palace. (Please refer to the section of Emperor Reigen for further details.)
Japanese: 院政は本来、朝廷の法体系の枠外の仕組みであり、『禁中並公家諸法度』ではそれを統制できなかった（この件については霊元天皇の項も参照）。
English: The main house (Meisho den) and the study (an important cultural property) at Kaju-ji Temple where she used to live, were reconstructed in the new location after she died.
Japanese: 勧修寺にある寝殿（明正殿）と書院（重要文化財）は、明正天皇が生活した御殿を彼女の死後に移築した物である。
English: The Study was famous for paintings on the walls or fusuma of the building by Mitsuoki TOSA and his child, it is said these pictures of well known places of Provinces around Kyoto were painted to comfort Empress Meisho, who spent all her life not being able to go out or to see people without the approval of the Edo bakufu and Emperor Gomizunoo.
Japanese: 書院は土佐光起親子が書いた障壁画で有名であるが、これらの絵画は江戸幕府や後水尾上皇らの許可無しでは、外出や他人との面会もままならない一生を過ごした明正天皇を慰めるために畿内の名所を書いた物と伝わる。
English: Empress Meisho was written as a heron in the story of Futaro YAMADA's romantic novel, "The Death of Jubei YAGYU."
Japanese: 山田風太郎の伝奇小説『柳生十兵衛死す』にはヒロインの一人として登場する。
English: Emperor Shoko (May 12, 1401 - August 30, 1428), his reign was from October 5, 1412 to August 30, 1428, he was the hundred and first Emperor of the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 称光天皇（しょうこうてんのう応永8年3月29日(1401年5月12日)-正長元年7月20日（1428年8月30日）；在位：応永19年8月29日（1412年10月5日）-正長元年7月20日（1428年8月30日）は、室町時代の第101代天皇である。
English: On August 29, 1412 he was enthroned after Emperor Gokomatsu passed the throne to him. (the enthronement date was December 19, 1414.)
Japanese: 1412年8月29日に後小松天皇の譲位を受けて即位（即位日は、1414年12月19日）。
English: He had a maternal relationship with Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA through the Hino clan, Sukekuni Hino's sister, Nariko (Gyoshi) was Yoshimitsu's wife.
Japanese: 足利義満とは日野氏を挟んで外戚関係にあり、日野資国の妹の業子は義満の正室だった。
English: According to the "Kanmon Nikki" (Kanmon Diary), Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA referred to the kanji character of the Emperor's initial posthumous name, 'Mihito', saying "it is not ideal to have an archery bow together with a body," he then consulted with Gakuin Ekatsu and changed the kanji character from '躬' (Mihito) to '實' (Mihito).
Japanese: 『看聞日記』によれば、足利義持が当初の諱である躬仁の「躬」の字には“身に弓があるのは難がある”として鄂隠慧カツに相談し、「躬」と同音の「實」とすることにした。
English: Although the retired Emperor Gokomatsu ruled the cloistered government at that time, since he was not well and did not have any children, he adopted Emperor Gohanazono from the Fushimi no Miya family to allow him to succeed to the Imperial throne.
Japanese: 後小松上皇が院政を行っていたが、生来病気がちであり、嗣子に恵まれなかったことから、後小松上皇は、伏見宮家より後花園天皇を猶子に迎え後継者とした。
English: He did not achieve much and his younger brother, Ogawa no Miya died, he did not enjoy a good relationship with his father and it caused mental problems, he did not have much good fortune during his life.
Japanese: ために見るべき実績がなく、さらには弟小川宮との死別、父帝との不和など家庭内の問題が原因で精神を病むなど、不運な帝であった。
English: His posthumous name, 'Shoko-in,' was created by combining "sho," the first character from the name of Emperor Shotoku (the forty-eighth emperor, who was descended from Emperor Tenmu) and "ko," the first character from the name of Emperor Konin (the forty-ninth emperor, who was descended from Emperor Tenji).
Japanese: 追号「称光院」は、天武系の第48代称徳天皇と天智系の第49代光仁天皇の一字づつを取ったものである。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi at Fukakusa Bo-cho Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都府京都市伏見区深草坊町の深草北陵（ふかくさのきたのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Emperor Gohanazono (July 10, 1419 - January 18, 1471), his reign was from September 7, 1428 to August 21, 1464, he was the hundred and second Emperor during the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 後花園天皇（ごはなぞのてんのう、応永26年6月18日（1419年7月10日）-文明2年12月27日（1471年1月18日）在位：正長元年7月28日（1428年9月7日）-寛正5年7月19日（1464年8月21日））は、室町時代の第102代天皇である。
English: He was Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa's second Prince. (The third representative of the Fushiminomiya family, Emperor Suko's grandchild, Gosuko-in.)
Japanese: 伏見宮貞成親王（伏見宮家三代目、崇光天皇の孫、後崇光院）の第二皇子。
English: Emperor Shoko was not well and had been in critical condition since 1422, and because he did not have any children, the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu felt the need to restrain the progression of the Daikaku-ji Imperial line.
Japanese: 先代の称光天皇は1422年以降、幾度か危篤状態に陥るなど病弱で皇子が無く、後小松上皇は大覚寺統の動きを牽制する必要があった。
English: In 1428 when Emperor Shoko was in critical condition, the Second Southern Court began revealing their active political ambitions, the 6th Shogun in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yoshinori ASHIKAGA protected Prince Hikohito in the Fushimi Imperial Palace, and demanded Retired Emperor Gokomatsu, Chiten no kimi (ex-emperor who is in control of politics by ruling the cloister government), to appoint a new emperor.
Japanese: 1428年に称光天皇が危篤に陥ると後南朝勢力などが活動の気配を見せ、室町幕府6代将軍の足利義教は伏見御所にいた彦仁王を保護し、治天の君である後小松上皇に新帝指名を求める。
English: Since then, the Emperor ruled the direct government for about thirty years, during his reign when there were peasant uprisings in many places, he acted in a political role by issuing Jibatsu Rinji (an official document of punishment issued by the Emperor) to regulate the Eikyo and Kakitsu Disturbances.
Japanese: それ以後は、30年余り親政を行い、この間、各地で土一揆が起こり、永享の乱や嘉吉の乱などでは、治罰綸旨を発するなど政治的役割も行った。
English: In 1439 the edition of Shin Shoku Kokin Waka Shu was completed, which was the last edition of Chokusen Waka Shu. (twenty one volumes)
Japanese: 1439年に勅撰和歌集（二十一代集）の最後にあたる新続古今和歌集が成立。
English: In 1443, the Second Southern Court forces made a night attack on the Tsuchimikado Palace and Emperor Gohanazono escaped, then the Kinketsu Disturbance occurred and one of three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family was stolen.
Japanese: 43年には後南朝勢力が土御門内裏に夜襲をかけ、後花園は逃れるが、三種の神器の一部を奪われる禁闕の変が起こる。
English: A stolen sword was found in Kiyomizu-dera Temple, however the scared jewel (Shinji, Magatama) was taken away by someone.
Japanese: 奪われた神器のうち、剣は清水寺で発見されるが、神璽（曲玉）は持ち去られた。
English: In 1457 after the Choroku Incident occurred when Akamatsu clan's remaining aides, who lost in battle during the Kakitsu War, took away the sacred jewel (Shinji, Magatama) and fought against the Second Southern Court to exterminate them, during the following year the three sacred jewels were handed over to the Northern Court.
Japanese: 1457年（長禄元年）には、嘉吉の乱で没落した赤松氏の遺臣が長禄の変で神璽（勾玉）を奪い返し後南朝を殲滅する奮闘をしたので、翌年には三種の神器は北朝の手中に揃っている。
English: On August 21, 1464 he passed the throne to Emperor Gotsuchimikado and became a retired emperor, and then he started ruling the cloister government.
Japanese: 1464年8月21日に後土御門天皇に譲位して上皇となり、院政を続けた。
English: In 1467 when the Onin War occurred in Kyoto, the Emperor escaped to Muromachi Mansion together with Emperor Gotsuchimikado.
Japanese: 67年から京都で応仁の乱が起こると、後土御門天皇とともに室町亭へ逃れる。
English: There was an episode where the Emperor sent a Chinese poem to Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA to admonish him when the Choroku, Kansho Famine occurred.
Japanese: 長禄・寛正の飢饉に際しては、将軍足利義政に対して、漢詩を以って諌めたとするエピソードもある。