nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The value of oban was not an official price like Koban (former smaller Japanese oval gold coin), and its exchange rate was decided by referring to the market price of the gold contained in the oban.
Japanese: 幣価は、小判のような公定価格ではなく、純金量を参考に大判相場により交換比率が決められた。
English: Tensho-hishi-Oban: A lozenge-shaped seal of a paulownia was carved on the surface and the weight was adjusted with submerged gold.
Japanese: 天正菱大判：表に菱形の桐刻印があり、多くのものは埋め金により重量調整されている。
English: It had been the largest gold coin in the world until the Vienna Philharmonic Gold Bullion Coin weighing 1,000 ounces was minted in 2004.
Japanese: これはウィーン金貨ハーモニー1000オンスが2004年に発行されるまで世界一大きい金貨であった。
English: Daibutsu-Oban (huge Buddha statue Oban): it is said that Hideyori TOYOTOMI had them minted in order to reconstruct Daibutsu-den (the Great Buddha hall) of Hoko-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: 大仏大判：豊臣秀頼が京都方広寺の大仏殿再建のために造らせたといわれる。
English: Genroku-Oban: (coined from 1695 to 1716) There is an engraved mark of "元" (Gen) (a carved seal of the name of the period) on the backside.
Japanese: 元禄大判　元禄8年（1695年）～享保元年（1716年）：裏面に「元」の字の刻印（年紀銘刻印）がある。
English: Kyoho-Oban: (coined from 1725 to 1837) Official price was stipulated as 1coin being equal to 7 Ryo 2Bu.
Japanese: 享保大判　享保10年（1725年）～天保8年（1837年）：1枚を7両2分とする公定価格が設定された。
English: Tenpo-Oban: (coined from 1838 to 1860) Quite similar to Kyoho-Oban-kin, however, the carat is slightly lower.
Japanese: 天保大判　天保9年（1838年）～万延元年（1860年）：享保大判金とよく似ているが品位が僅かに低い。
English: Manen Oban: (coined from 1860 to 1862) The ryome is approximately 112g.
Japanese: 万廷大判　万延元年（1860年）～文久2年（1862年）：量目約112グラム。
English: After the Keicho era oban had four seal marks called 'Gosan no kiri' at four corners in a round frame, and the letters "拾両後藤 (Ju-ryo Goto)" and 'Kao' of the head of the Goto family are written in India ink on the surface.
Japanese: 慶長以降の大判の様式は、表面の上下左右に丸枠に五三桐（ごさんのきり）と呼ばれる刻印が4つあり、「拾両後藤」の文字と後藤家当主の花押が墨書きされている。
English: On the backside from the top to bottom, the seal for the name of the period (only for Genroku-Oban-kin), is carved 'Gosan-hadaka-kirimon-kokuin' (literally, 5 and 3 simple engraved paulownia patterns), 'Gosan no kiri' an engraved mark in a circle and a tortoise shell frame, Goto family's Kao mark engraved in a round frame and 3 'zanin-kokuin (engraved marks for the hereditary officers of Kinza and Ginza during the Edo era)' on the left side.
Japanese: 裏には上から年紀銘刻印（元禄大判金のみ）、五三裸桐紋刻印、丸亀甲枠に五三桐紋刻印、丸枠に後藤花押刻印、左端に3つの座人刻印がある。
English: The face value of 10 Ryo was not the real value as currency, but the weight unit of the coin, and in case the weight was in fact less than 10 Ryo, like Manen-Oban, it is expressed as 10 Ryo.
Japanese: 表書きの10両は、幣価ではなく、重さの単位としての記述であるが、10両に満たない万延大判金にも「拾両」と書かれている。
English: Toraken is a game played in three Japanese rooms divided by closed Fusuma (Japanese sliding door) where people choose to wear or hand a tiger costume, women's clothes (implying Torajo, literally, a tiger woman, the mother of Watonai, another name of Seiko TEI - Zheng Chenggong or musket - implying Watonai or Kiyomasa KATO) and wait until the fusuma is opened, and they run off to decide who wins.
Japanese: 虎拳（とらけん）は、襖をしめて、左右の部屋で、虎・女物・鉄砲のいずれかを身につけて待ち、襖を開くと、虎女（和藤内（＝鄭成功）の母）鉄砲（和藤内あるいは加藤清正）虎という三すくみで勝負がつく拳遊び。
English: It is the largest-scaled 'Ken Asobi (fist games)' among 'Ozashiki-Asobi (games with Geisha)' that uses a folding screen and choreography.
Japanese: 屏風仕立てのフリがつくお座敷遊びとしての拳遊びの中の最大規模のもの。
English: Three rooms divided by fusuma, two sets of tiger fur, female costumes and musket are required to play.
Japanese: 襖で仕切られた部屋3室と、虎の毛皮、女物の衣裳、鉄砲のセットが2つ必要。
English: Today, instead of the above, in 'Hanamachi' (or Kagai, geisha districts in Kyoto), they mainly use folding screen, gestures of crawling on their hands and knees to express a "tiger," using a stick to express a "mother" and placing fists on their waist to express a "Busho" (an old Japanese military commander.)
Japanese: 花街では部屋に屏風を立て、「虎」を四つん這い、「母」を杖を突くジェスチャー、「武将」を拳を腰に当てることで表現して遊ぶタイプのものが現在の主流である。
English: In this version, it is fun to see the opponent coming out of the folding screen as unexpected figure.
Japanese: この場合だと、屏風から出てきたときに相手が予想もつかない格好をしているところに面白さがある。
English: (It is fun to see a lovely maiko playing a tiger or a man of stout build walking totteringly, playing an old woman.)
Japanese: （可愛らしい舞妓が虎を演じたり、恰幅のいい紳士が老女のようによろよろと歩いて見せたりする）
English: It is a three-way standoff where a tiger beats an old mother, Watonai beats the tiger and the old mother beats her son Watonai.
Japanese: 虎が老母を破り、和藤内がその虎を破って、老母は自分の息子の和藤内に勝つという三すくみ。
English: This game was derived from the boom of the masterpiece, "Kokusen-ya Kassen" (The Battles of Koxinga) of CHIKAMATSU which was modeled after the hero of Taiwan, Seiko TEI.
Japanese: 台湾の英雄・鄭成功をモデルにした近松の傑作『国姓爺合戦』のブームから採ったもの。
English: Yoshiwara no Mandoro is a traditional and vibrant festival that takes place in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 吉原の万灯籠（よしわらのまんどろ）とは、京都府舞鶴市に伝わる伝説的で勇壮な祭のひとつ。
English: It started about three hundred years when, following a period when giant jellyfish made fishing impossible and there were a large number of deaths at sea, people began to pray for the removal of the jellyfish, the prevention of marine accidents and a good haul.
Japanese: 約300年程前に、大クラゲが大発生し、漁がまったく出来なくなったこと、また、同時期に海での事故死が多発したことから、くらげ退治と海難防止、併せて豊漁を祈願して始められたもの。
English: It is said to have originated when the 18-meter tall Mandoro Lantern, made of bamboo in the shape of a fish was lit with the sacred flame brought from Atago-jinja Shrine on Mt. Atago (Maizuru City), put in the Isatsu River, and rotated to appease the wrath of the sea god.
Japanese: 魚の型をした高さ約18mの竹でつくられた舟型の万灯籠に、愛宕山にある愛宕神社(舞鶴市)から運んできた神火を点火し、伊佐津川の中に立てて回転させ、海神様の怒りを静めたところから始まったとされる。
English: Higekiri is a sword which MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka is said to have had made in the Heian period, handed down, together with another sword, Hizamaru, through successive generations of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 髭切（ひげきり）とは、平安時代に源満仲が作らせたとされる刀で、膝丸とともに源氏重代の刀として伝えられている。
English: In Tsurugi no maki (chapter named "Tsurugi" (sword)) of Heike Monogatari (The Tales of the Taira family), it says that the swordsmith was 'a craftsman of iron from Tang (China) living in a place called Deyama in Mikasa Gori, Chikuzen Province,' but the full details are unknown.
Japanese: 平家物語・剣巻では、刀工は「筑前国三笠郡の出山というところに住む唐国の鉄細工」とされているが詳しいことは不明。
English: When the sword had passed to MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, it is said to have been used by his retainer, WATANABE no Tsuna, to cut off the arm of an Oni (ogre) on the Ichijomodori-bashi Bridge, and its name was changed to Onikiri (Oni Cutter).
Japanese: 源頼光の代、配下の渡辺綱が一条戻橋で鬼の腕を切ったとされ、その際名を鬼切と改めた。
English: While in the possession of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, it roared at night like a shishi lion and its name was changed to Shishinoko (Lion's Child).
Japanese: 源為義の代には夜に獅子の鳴くような声で吠えたので獅子ノ子と名を改めた。
English: When MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi gave Hoemaru (also called Hizamaru), Shishinoko's kyodaigatana (a sword made by the same person), to his son-in-law, Kyoshin, the chief priest of the Kumano-jinja Shrines, Kogarasu, made as a replacement for Hoemaru, was originally about 6 mm shorter than Shishinoko.
Japanese: また源為義が兄弟刀の吠丸（膝丸）を娘婿である熊野別当教真に譲った際、吠丸の代刀として作られた小烏が当初は獅子の子より二分ほど長かった。
English: But one day, the two swords, unsheathed and placed against a shoji sliding paper door, fell without being touched, and Kyoshin, wondering why they were now the same length, examined them and found that the menuki (sword handle ornaments) of Kogarasu had been cut by about 6 mm.
Japanese: しかしあるとき二本を抜いて障子に寄り掛けていたとき、人も触れないのに二本が倒れ、二本が同じ長さになっているのを見て不審に思った教真が調べてみると小烏の目貫が二分ほど切られていた。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, although possessing Tomogiri, the sword inherited by generations of the Minamoto clan, kept losing battles and, blaming it on Hachiman, the God of War (and guardian of the clan), mourned, 'will the sword's power still be missing at the end of the world.'
Japanese: その後源義朝の代になり、源氏重代の刀である友切を持っているのにも関わらず敗戦続きなのを八幡大菩薩に恨み、「世の末になって剣の力も失せたのか」と嘆いていた。
English: If you change the name back to Higekiri, it will regain its power,' so MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo immediately changed its name Higekiri.
Japanese: 名を髭切に戻せば剣の力も戻る」と言われ、源義朝は早速名を髭切と改めた。
English: It is said that Hizamaru, Higekiri's kyodaigatana, was handed down to MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, and then to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo after Yoshitsune's defeat in battle and subsequent suicide.
Japanese: 尚、兄弟刀の膝丸は源義経に伝えられ、源義経が討たれた後に源頼朝のもとに渡ったという。
English: Later, with the downfall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the sword was obtained by Yoshisada NITTA and then, following his suicide, was passed down along a tortuous route to the Mogami clan.
Japanese: その後、鎌倉幕府滅亡時に新田義貞が入手したが、新田義貞自害後に紆余曲折を経て最上氏へと伝わった。
English: Since the Tsurugi no maki is generally believed to be not based on fact, the description of Higekiri should not be taken as historical fact.
Japanese: 劒の巻を史実として捉えてはいけない、というのが一般的な見識であるようで、したがって髭切に関する記述を史実と捉えてはいけない。
English: The Agata-matsuri Festival is held on June 5 and 6 every year in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 県祭り（あがたまつり）は、毎年6月5日から翌6月6日にかけて行われる京都府宇治市の祭。
English: It is held at Agata-jinja Shrine located 100 meters away from the south gate of the Uji Byodoin Temple.
Japanese: 宇治の平等院の南門から100mくらいのところにある県（あがた）神社の祭礼。
English: In the middle of the night on June 5, a ceremony called Bonten togyo (Brahma-Deva imperial procession) takes place in the dark, where men in the village carry mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals) called Bonten.
Japanese: 6月5日の深夜、明かりのない暗闇の中で、梵天（ぼんてん）渡御と呼ばれる儀式があり、町内の男集が、梵天と呼ばれる神輿を担ぐ。
English: While this mikoshi passes through, houses turn off their lights to welcome it; thus the festival is called "Kurayami no Kisai (Strange Festival of Darkness)."
Japanese: この神輿の通過する間は、家々も明かりを落として、それを迎えるため「暗闇の奇祭」と呼ばれている。
English: The Agata-jinja Shrine enshrines a deity called Princess Konohanasakuya, a guardian deity for safe delivery and childbirth.
Japanese: 県神社の祭神は、小花開耶姫（このはなさくやひめ）で、安産、出産の守り神といわれる。
English: A large tree was cut into a length of several shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm) to have a shade on its cut end, being carried upright with chants "ginkari" and "oginkari."
Japanese: 大木を長さ数尺に切り、こぐちに笠をかぶせ、これを棒持し、「ぎんかり」「御ぎんかり」といいはやした。
English: Supposedly, it represented a member of the enshrined deity Dokyo.
Japanese: これは祭神とかんがえられた道鏡のものをあらわしたとつたえられたといった。
English: While the houses turned off the lights, many men and women from around the country slept bundled together in small inns and private houses, where unknown men and women contacted each other.
Japanese: 家々が明かりを落としているあいだ、各地から集まりきた多くの男女は狭い旅舎、民家に雑然と混臥し、相知らぬ男女が相接触した。
English: Some say that the festival originated from Michiae-matsuri Festival (or Dokyosai (道饗祭)), and as Dokyo(道饗) and Dokyo(道鏡, deity) were pronounced the same way, Dokyo was associated with the above-described sexual event, thus being regarded as an enshrined deity.
Japanese: 一説に、この祭は道饗祭に起こり、道饗と道鏡とは音が相通じるから、上のような性的な行事に付会され、道鏡を祭神と考えるようになったのであろうという。
English: Hizamaru was a sword which MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka had made during the Heian period, handed down as a sword of successive generations of Genji, together with Higekiri.
Japanese: 膝丸（ひざまる）とは、平安時代に源満仲が作らせたとされる刀で、髭切とともに源氏重代の刀として伝えられている。
English: According to Tsurugi no maki (chapter titled "Tsurugi" or sword) of Heike Monogatari (The tale of the Heike), the sword craftsman was "a craftsman of iron facon from Tang who lived in Deyama, Mikasa no Kori, Chikuzen Province," however, the details are unknown.
Japanese: 平家物語・劒の巻では、刀工は「筑前国三笠郡の出山というところに住む唐国の鉄細工」とされているが詳しいことは不明。
English: In the generation of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, Hizamaru was renamed Kumokiri as he cut Tsuchigumo (a spider) that made him suffer from a fever.
Japanese: 源頼光の代、源頼光が己を熱病に苦しめた土蜘蛛を切ったとされ、その際名を蜘蛛切と改めた。
English: After that, the sword was handed over to Kyoshin, steward, KUMANO, MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi's son-in-law; however, he thought that; "I should not own a sword of successive generations of Genji" and thus handed it over to Gongen who had the mother of Genji.
Japanese: その後源為義の娘婿である熊野別当教真に譲られるが、教信は「源氏重代の刀を自分が持つべきではない」と考え、源氏の母を持つ権現という人物に譲る。
English: After that, Gongen handed it over to MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, who was very pleased with it and renamed it Usumidori.
Japanese: その後権現は源義経に吠丸を譲り、それを大層喜んだ義経は刀の名を薄緑と改める。
English: After Yoshitsune was defeated, Usumidori (or Hizamaru) was handed over to his older brother MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, by which ironically the two swords Hizamaru and Higekiri (made by the same person) got together again.
Japanese: 義経が討たれた後、薄緑（膝丸）はその兄、源頼朝のもとに渡り、皮肉にもそこでかつての兄弟刀がひとつの場所に戻ったのである。
English: It is generally considered that the descriptions in Tsurugi no maki should not be regarded as historical facts; therefore, the description of Hizamaru should not be regarded as historical fact.
Japanese: 劒の巻を史実として捉えてはいけない、というのが一般的な見識であるようで、したがって膝丸に関する記述を史実と捉えてはいけない。
English: The name is said to come from the fact that it was made from simple material that was stretched using only water with no starch or, according to the "Zoku Shinsho Hisho" (book about names of costumes and memos of the Emperor's clothes), because it was convenient for both clear and rainy weather, but anyway, it seems to have been so named because it was a simple garment.
Japanese: 名称は糊を付けず水をつけて張った簡素な生地を用いるからとも、晴雨両用に便利なため（『続深窓秘抄』）ともいうが、いずれにせよ簡素な服飾であることからの命名のようである。
English: However, the collar was not fastened by a tonbo (dragonfly head shaped hook), but by strings attached to the center of the back of the collar and the end of the uwamae (upper front of clothes) of the collar.
Japanese: ただし襟は蜻蛉で止めず、襟の背中心にあたる部分と襟の上前の端につけられた紐で結んで止める。
English: Emaki (picture scrolls) from the end of the Heian period show lots of ordinary people in the capital wearing suikan.
Japanese: 平安時代末期の絵巻では、都の庶民の多くが水干を着ている様子が見られる。
English: It seems that ordinary people used hemp, colored or patterned by dyeing or printing, and the aristocracy often used expensive fabric.
Japanese: 庶民は麻を染めたり摺ったりして色や文様を表した生地を用いていたようであるし、貴族が着る場合は高級な生地を多用した。
English: From the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, suikan were often used as formal wear for the sons of court nobles and samurai before they came of age.
Japanese: また鎌倉時代から室町時代には公武の童形（元服前）の礼装として多用される。
English: Suikan were usually worn inside hakama (Japanese male ceremonial skirt), but in the style known as kake suikan (covering suikan), worn by temple page boys, they were worn over hakama, like Kariginu, and tied with an obi sash.
Japanese: 着装は通常袴に籠めて着装するが、寺院の稚児などには掛水干といって狩衣のように袴の上に着て帯を締める着装も行われた。
English: The strings of the collar were knotted normally, or knotted in front of the chest by folding the collar, and samurai families at the end of the feudal era had various other ways.
Japanese: 襟の紐は普通に結ぶほか、襟を折って胸前で結ぶなどさまざまな着方が行われ、近世武家故実においては諸説がおこなわれた。
English: From the cloistered government period to the Kamakura period, the aristocracy wore suikan when accompanying the retired Emperor on long journeys to places such as Uji, and the 'Kasuga Gongen Kenkie' (picture scrolls of the origins of Kasuga Shrine) and 'Nayotake Monogatari Emaki' (picture scrolls of the Tales of Nayotake) from the late Kamakura period have pictures of aristocrats wearing yellow mumon suikan (unpatterned suikan) as informal wear at home.
Japanese: 貴族の着装の機会は、院政から鎌倉時代に、太上天皇が宇治などの遠所に御幸するときに供奉の貴族が用いた例などを挙げることができ、鎌倉時代後期の「春日権現験記絵」や「なよ竹物語絵巻」では貴族が家庭内での略装として黄色い無文水干を用いている図が見られる。
English: However, in the Muromachi period, hitatare ceremonial robes became popular among the aristocracy and the samurai families, so opportunities for wearing suikan decreased, except by boys before they came of age.
Japanese: しかし、室町時代に入ると貴族にも直垂が広まり、武家も直垂を多用したので、童水干などを除いて着装機会は減少した。
English: In the recent times, a image of Hakuseki ARAI shows him wearing suikan, although it was not included in the Shogunate's clothing system.
Japanese: 近世では新井白石像に水干着装図が見られるなどしばしば用いられたが、幕府の服飾制度からは脱落している。
English: Among court nobles, suikan called 'choken' (outer garment with wide sleeves) made of undyed white plain weave silk or thick white plain weave silk with white strings, black sodekukuri (straps to turn up the cuffs), tassels and black tassels of the same material, was often used as formal wear for boys before they came of age.
Japanese: 公家社会では、白生平絹や白精好地に白い紐、黒い袖括りと菊綴をつけ、同じ生地で黒い菊綴を着けた「長絹」という水干が童形の礼装として多用された。
English: After the war, kake suikan were used as informal wear for female Shinto Priests, but in the 1990s, female Shinto Priests' costumes were newly established and suikan were left out of the dress code system of the Association of Shinto Shrine.
Japanese: 戦後は女子神職の略装として掛水干が用いられたが、平成に入って女子神職の装束が新たに制定されて、神社本庁の服制からも脱落することとなった。
English: Saiten keiba was a horse race held at shrine festivals, etc. as dedication or as entertainment.
Japanese: 祭典競馬（さいてんけいば）とは、神社などの祭典において、奉納や余興のために開催された競馬のことをいう。
English: Traditional form of saiten keiba was a tournament style race of two horses or 'Kisha' (shooting arrows on horseback) on a straight track of a few hundred meters.
Japanese: 日本における祭典競馬の伝統的な形式は、数百メートルの直線形の馬場を用い、2頭のウマのマッチレースを行ったり、騎射を行ったりするというものであった。
English: Saiten keiba can be seen today at Kamo Wakeikazuchi Jinja Shrine (Kamigamo-jinja Shrine) as Kamo no keiba (Kamo Horse racing, taking place in May every year).
Japanese: そのような祭典競馬としては、賀茂別雷神社（上賀茂神社）の賀茂競馬（毎年5月に催される）が現在に残っている。
English: After 1861, western style horse racing (modern horse racing) began to take place at the foreign settlement in Yokohama City.
Japanese: 1861年以降、横浜市の外国人居留地で西洋式の競馬（近代競馬）が盛んに行われるようになった。
English: It was a race by three or more horses on an oval track and the form of the modern horse racing was taken over by Japanese and this form of race gradually spread everywhere in Japan, however, the traditional saiten keiba were used as the venue.
Japanese: その形式は楕円形の馬場と3頭以上の馬を用いてレースを行うというものであり、まもなく日本人によって日本各地で近代競馬が模倣されるようになったが、そのための場として祭典競馬が盛んに利用された。
English: Horse racing taking place at Shokon-sha Shrine in Kudan, Tokyo Prefecture under the Hyobusho (the ministry of military) in 1870 led to this new way of horse racing.
Japanese: 1870年に東京都九段の招魂社において兵部省が主催した競馬は、そうしたケースのさきがけである。
English: After the Meiji period, saiten keiba was especially active in regions where there were horse farms.
Japanese: 明治以降も地方、とくに馬の生産を行っていた地域においては祭典競馬が盛んに行われた
English: Although some adopted modern horse racing, in many cases, others kept the traditional form.
Japanese: それらの中には近代競馬の要素を取り入れたものもあったが、伝統的な形式によるものも数多くあった。
English: With the Rules and Regulations of Horse Racing revised in 1910, it was stipulated that races other than officially permitted ones could not take place unless permission of local governors was given to Sangyuba Kumiai (Union of horses and cattle) or organizations of which purpose was to improve the breeding or increase horses, however, saiten keiba as a local entertainment was omitted from such restrictions.
Japanese: 1910年の改正競馬規程によって公認競馬以外の競馬は産牛馬組合またはまたは馬匹の改良増殖を目的とする団体が地方長官の許可を得なければ行うことはできないとされた際も、地域の娯楽のために行われる祭典競馬については規制対象から除外された。
English: And when these organizations obtained permission from the local governors and the races took place, they were often held at the same time of local festivals.
Japanese: また、それらの団体が地方長官の許可を得て行う競馬であっても、地域の祭典の時期にあわせて開催されるケースが多かった。
English: After 1927 when the Rules Related to Regional Horse Racing were promulgated, races other than those officially sanctioned were treated as local horse races, and modern-style saiten keiba gradually disappeared because the Rules stipulated the required conditions regarding the facilities and organizer in detail.
Japanese: 1927年に地方競馬規則が公布され、公認競馬以外の競馬が地方競馬として行われるようになって以降は、同法が施設や主催者など競馬開催のための要件を細かく規定していたために、近代競馬形式による祭典競馬は次第に姿を消していった。
English: However, there are many regions where horse racing takes place to coincide with the dates of local festivals as same as races held by Sangyuba kumiai under the Rules, and such local horse racing is related to saiten keiba historically and culturally, or directly connected to it.
Japanese: しかし競馬規程下の産牛馬組合による競馬と同じく、地方競馬を地域の祭典の日程にあわせて行う地域も数多くあり、そのような地方競馬は歴史的・文化的にみて祭典競馬の流れを汲み、あるいは密接なつながりをもつといえる。
English: "Obon (the Bon festival)" means a series of events to worship the souls of ancestors held in Japan on and around July 15th of the old Japanese luni-solar calendar.
Japanese: お盆（おぼん）は、太陰太陽暦である和暦（天保暦など旧暦という）の7月15日(旧暦)を中心に日本で行なわれる祖先の霊を祀る一連の行事。
English: Although it is regarded as a Buddhist event, many parts can not be explained by Buddhist doctrine, and it is considered that the current form is a combination of Japanese traditional folk events and 'Urabon,' a Buddhist festival.
Japanese: 一般に仏教の行事と認識されているが、仏教の教義で説明できない部分も多く、日本在来の民俗行事に仏教行事の「盂蘭盆」（うらぼん）が習合して現在の形が出来たと考えられている。
English: The name 'Bon' (or more commonly 'Obon') is an abbreviation of the Sanskrit 'Ullambana', rendered as 'Urabon' in Japanese.
Japanese: 仏教用語の「盂蘭盆」の省略形として「盆」（一般に「お盆」）と呼ばれる。
English: Bon' originally meant a container for offerings to souls of the departed, then also came to refer to the spirits themselves, becoming synonymous with Urabon.
Japanese: 盆とは文字通り、本来は霊に対する供物を置く容器をも意味するため、供物を備え祀られる精霊の呼称となり、盂蘭盆と混同されて習合したともいう説もある。
English: Though the specific origins of the Bon festival are unkown, it is believed that twice a year, once in early spring and once in early fall (said to be a remnant of when one year was counted as two six-month years), there were events held at the time of the full moon to celebrate the souls of the dead coming to visit their descendants
Japanese: 盆の明確な起源は分かっていないが、1年に2度、初春と初秋の満月の日に祖先の霊が子孫のもとを訪れて交流する行事があった（1年が前半年と後半年の2年になっていた名残との説がある）。
English: However, the early spring one became the New Year festival since the event placed more of an emphasis on the divinity of ancestors as Toshigami (gods who visit houses on New Year's Day), and the early autumn one was integrated with Urabon and became a Buddhist event.
Japanese: しかし初春のものが祖霊の年神として神格を強調されて正月の祭事となり、初秋のものが盂蘭盆と習合して、仏教の行事として行なわれるようになったといわれている。
English: It is considered that the custom of holding a service for ancestors in the summer was established around the eighth century in Japan.
Japanese: 日本では8世紀頃には、夏に祖先供養を行うという風習が確立されたと考えられている。
English: It is used in expressions such as 'Bonkure (Bon and year-end)', meaning a period of time, and 'it is like Bon and New Year's day have arrived together' to mean a series of very busy or happy events.
Japanese: 「盆暮れ（ぼんくれ）」などと時季を指す言葉としての使用や、「盆と正月が一緒に来たよう」という"とても忙しいこと"または"喜ばしいことが重なること"のたとえ（慣用句）としての使用がそれである。
English: Since Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar on January 1st, 1873, Obon is usually held on one of the days below.
Japanese: 日本では明治6年（1873年）1月1日のグレゴリオ暦（新暦）採用以降、以下のいずれかにお盆を行うことが多かった。
English: (3) August 15 of the Gregorian calendar (Tsukiokure no Bon, or one month late Bon; also called Kyubon, or old Bon in areas that mainly celebrate on July 15)
Japanese: 3.新暦8月15日（月遅れの盆。新暦7月15日を主に祝う地方では旧盆とも）
English: However, since Yamanashi Prefecture (as well as Niigata Prefecture and other prefectures) recommended abolishing the lunar Bon festival on July 13th, 1873, (1) has gradually become minor and (3), Tsukiokure no Bon, or Kyubon, has become more common nationwide.
Japanese: しかしながら、明治6年（1873年）7月13日に旧暦盆の廃止の勧告を山梨県（他に新潟県など）が行うということもあり、1.は次第に少数派になりつつあり、全国的に3.（月遅れのお盆、旧盆）がもっぱらである。
English: Still, families who have lived in Tokyo for several generations regard (2), July 15th of the Gregorian calendar, as their Obon and hold events such as visiting graves in this period.
Japanese: ただし何代かに渡り東京に住まう人々は、2.の新暦7月15日をお盆とし、墓参りなどの行事もこの時期に行われる。
English: When a temple has Buddhist parishioners in both Kanagawa Prefecture and Tokyo Metropolitan Area, the priests are invited by parishioners in Tokyo in the middle of July (2), and by those in Kanagawa in the middle of August (3).
Japanese: 例えば、神奈川県、東京都に檀家が分布するような寺では、東京都の檀家からは、7月半ば（2.）に呼ばれ、神奈川県の檀家からは8月中旬（3.）に招かれるというようなことがある。
English: Also, Hakodate City, Nemuro City and a part of Saroma Town in Hokkaido, and Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture in Hokuriku hold Obon in (2)., July of the Gregorian calendar.
Japanese: 他にも、北海道では函館市や根室市、佐呂間町の一部、北陸の石川県金沢市などに2.の新暦7月にお盆を行う地域がある。
English: These days, the media refer to the the most common period, the middle of August, (3), as 'Obon,' so this use is taking hold nationwide.
Japanese: 現在の報道メディアでは、多数派である8月中旬（3.）を「お盆」と称するため、「お盆」というと月遅れのお盆を指すことが全国的になりつつある。
English: The Bon festival of the lunar calendar is called Kyubon (old Bon), but the Bon festival of the Gregorian calendar is not usually called Niibon (new Bon).
Japanese: なお、旧暦での盆を旧盆というが、通常、新暦での盆は新盆とは言わない。
English: The Bon festival is celebrated throughout Japan, and events and customs vary from region to region.
Japanese: 盆の概念は日本全国に広まっているため、その行事の内容や風習は地方それぞれにさまざまな様式がある。