nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Mounds may be interpreted as tombs; however in the strict sense of the word, they are not tombs because mortal remains were not necessarily buried and things other than creatures were buried.
Japanese: 墓とも解釈されるが、必ずしも遺骸が埋葬されているとは限らず、生物にも限っていないことなどから厳密には区別される。
English: Specifically, the mound is a monument erected to offer prayers, to express gratitude, or as a memory of memoria service, in various faiths constituted through syncretization of the Ancient Shinto (a Japanese folk religion) with esoteric Buddhism and Inyo gogyo shiso (Yin-Yang Wu-Hsing Idea) of Taoism.
Japanese: 具体的には日本の民間信仰である古神道に、密教や道教の陰陽五行思想などとの習合した様々な信仰において、祈願祈念や感謝や慰霊の記念として建てた碑。
English: It could also be a monument dedicated to prevent the appearance of Araburu Kami (a violent god in Shinto) or dedicated to express appreciation and to offer prayers to various tools used for people's living.
Japanese: 荒ぶる神(神道)にならぬよう祀った碑や感謝や祈願をこめて道具などを祀った碑でもある。
English: Such ways of thinking had been retained through the Edo period and sublimated into an idea, which resulted in the practice of utilizing every inch of captured whales as a resource and a number of mounds for whales erected in various locations throughout Japan.
Japanese: これらの思いが、江戸時代まで続き昇華した結果として、捕鯨によるクジラの資源としての徹底利用や、鯨塚が日本各地にある理由でもある。
English: Additionally, it can be said that thinking on the mounds of wara zuka (a mound for rice straw) and mikkyo zuka (esoteric Buddhism mound) stacking straw bits and even ashes, caused the conversion of the straw bits, ashes and human wastes into fertilizers and put them into distribution to partly contribute to the development of grain-growing region related to economic growth and food culture of soybeans as well as to the development of grain farming.
Japanese: また、藁塚や密教塚のように藁屑や焼却灰まで集積した塚などの思想が、藁屑や焼却灰や下肥などを肥料にし流通に乗せ、経済振興と大豆食文化などに繋がる穀倉地や、穀物農耕の隆盛の一端を担ったともいえる。
English: The following story is described in Kojiki (the Records of Ancient Matters) : Izanagi and Izanami used 'Chibiki no iwa' (a huge boulder) as kekkai (barrier) to keep off the pursuers dispatched by the demon when returning from Tokoyo (the world of the dead), and the boulder became associated with iwasaka (the area a deity sits), then the god of the barrier 'Sai no kami' appeared.
Japanese: 古事記はイザナギとイザナミが、常世（とこよ・黄泉の国）から逃げ帰る時に、鬼神の追っ手を防ぐために、「千引きの岩」（ちびきのいわ）を結界として用いたことと、磐境が結びつき、「結界の神」である「賽の神」（さいのかみ・幸の神）がうまれた。
English: Mounds subsequently began to have a significance as the barrier; based on the mythology of Amenouzume in which she beguiled Sarutahiko, who later became her husband, into acting as a guide for Ninigi-no-mikoto, the god of the road 'Chikata no kami' appeared.
Japanese: 以来、塚が結界としての意味を持つようになっていき、猿田彦を騙し、ニニギノミコトの道案内をさせ、後に夫婦となったアメノウズメの神話から「衢神」（ちかたのかみ）という「道の神」がうまれた。
English: The Doso-shin faith was syncretized with Tamuke no Kami (a travelers' guardian deity) to erect mounds such as ichirizuka (milestones) and mountain-path mounds at locations at a distance from villages.
Japanese: この道祖神に、旅の無事を祈願した「手向神」（たむけのかみ）とも習合し、一里塚や峠の塚など集落から離れた場所にも、塚が建立されるようになった。
English: Some of the mounds having different purposes and significances (in addition, erected at different locations) have the identical name as described later.
Japanese: 後述において「○○塚」という表記がまったく同じでも、その建立された意図や意味（場所も別々）が違うものもあり、様々である。
English: For example, there are two kinds of 'Hime Zuka' (princess mound); one is the appellative of ancient burial mounds, the other one is a mound dedicated to a certain princess in her memory.
Japanese: 例として「姫塚」は古墳の名称である塚と「とある姫」が亡くなったことを祈念した「姫塚」がある。
English: This philosophy, as discussed in the field of animism in cultural anthropology, is similar to religions that spontaneously emerged during the times of the primary civilization around the world.
Japanese: これは、文化人類学におけるアニミズム論でもいわれるように、世界中の初期文明において、押並べて自然発生的に生まれた信仰と同じくするものである。
English: This philosophy is called the Ancient Shinto, the origin of which traces back at least to the Jomon perid, and it is also called the Jomon Shinto.
Japanese: 古神道ともいい、その起源は分かっているだけでも、縄文時代まで遡り、縄文神道ともいわれる。
English: Among modernized countries having undergone feudal perods, only a few countries retain such an interpretation of the world which can be called a primitive faith; it is also a festival originated from the concept that has specifically been nurtured in Japan.
Japanese: 封建社会を経て近代化してもなお、このような原始宗教ともいわれる世界観を持ち合わせる国は少なく、日本独特に育まれてきた観念からの祭礼でもある。
English: These mounds were dedicated to persons of great distinction to pay homage and confidence for their marks and achievements.
Japanese: 高名な人々の足跡や業績に対し、敬意や信望から奉った（たてまつった）塚である。
English: - Seimei Mounds were built at various locations in Japan including Seimei-jinja Shrine in Saga Arashiyama (Kyoto City) to offer prayers to their founder ABE no Seimei by shamans of the post-Seimei era.
Japanese: -晴明塚とは嵯峨_(京都市)嵐山の晴明神社などにあり、安倍晴明の時代の後世に祈祷師達が安倍晴明を祖師として祈念し、日本各地に建てた塚。
English: -Basho Mounds are the mounds built in various locations in Japan to commemorate poems written by Basho MATSUO and places that he visited.
Japanese: -芭蕉塚とは松尾芭蕉が詠んだ句や立ち寄った日本各地でそれらを記念して立てられた塚。
English: - Located at the grounds of Zendo-ji Temple and Sogen-ji Temple in Nishibori, Chuo Ward, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, they are also dogu zuka for old worn straw raincoats erected to commemorate the occasion of Basho Matsuo's visit to this area.
Japanese: -新潟市中央区西堀の善導寺と宗現寺にあり、松尾芭蕉がこの土地に立ち寄ったことを記念して後世に建立された古くなった蓑の道具塚でもある。
English: The reason why they are referred to as mino tsuka remains unknown, but the word 'rain' in a poem considered to have been written by Basho that reads, 'When rain falling on the sea is getting me soaked, how I long for the warm body of a prostitute' suggests its association with straw raincoats.
Japanese: なぜ蓑なのかは分かっていないが「海に降る　雨や恋しき　浮き身宿」という句をこの地を訪れた時に詠んだといわれていて「雨」の一文と蓑の関連が示唆される。
English: - In 1684, Basho MATSUO wrote a poem that reads, 'The sound of watayumi bow beating cotton is beautiful like that of Japanese lute buoying my spirit' at Takenouchi, Katsuragi City that was associated with one of his pupils Senri.
Japanese: -1684年（貞享元年）に松尾芭蕉が門人の一人である千里の縁（ゆかり）の地、葛城市の竹内で「綿弓や琵琶になぐさむ竹のおく」という句を詠んだ。
English: In 1809, a poem monument was erected to commemorate the above event within the ground of Kozen-an which was Senri's residence.
Japanese: これを記念して千里の屋敷跡の興善庵に1809年（文化6年）に句碑が建てられた。
English: - Hokke zuka is also referred to as Hokke-kyo zuka that is a mound in which Nichiren shonin (the Venerable Nichiren) buried a copy of the Lotus Sutra that he transcribed thinking of Kamakura and his birthplace Awa Province and praying for peace and propagation of Buddhism during his exile in Izu Province.
Japanese: -法華塚とは法華経塚ともいい日蓮上人が伊豆へ流刑されていた時に鎌倉と生誕地である安房国を思い安寧と仏教の広まりを祈念し、写経した法華経を埋めた塚。
English: In the Ancient Shinto and Shinto teachings, it is considered that there are two aspects (or four spirits according to another philosophy) of a divine spirit known as Aramitama (wrathful divine spirit) and Nigimitama (peaceful divine spirit).
Japanese: 古神道や神道において、神霊は二つ（四魂という考えもある）の様相を持ち荒御魂（あらみたま）・和御魂（にぎみたま）ともいわれる。
English: It is considered that there are times when the divine spirit is violent and there are other times when it is quiet and calm, representing evils and blessings, respectively.
Japanese: 荒れ狂う時と和やかな落ち着いた時があり、禍と福をもたらすと考えられている。
English: Additionally, based on the teachings of ancestor and nature worship, since it was believed that a life ended in bitter disappointment would turn into a wrathful spirit which might bring evils to this world, history shows that a mound was erected as an object to be honored in place of a person's soul (divine spirit) for the repose of his or her spirit.
Japanese: また祖霊信仰や自然崇拝から、無念を伴って亡くなった生命は荒御魂になり、禍をもたらすこともあると考えていたので、その御霊代（みたましろ・依り代）として塚を建立し慰霊して来た歴史がある。
English: - Kubi-zuka is a burial place of heads of persons beheaded during the war or by the judgment of trial after the war for the repose of their souls so that they would not become violent gods.
Japanese: -首塚とは戦場や戦いにおいて裁かれたり亡くなった人々の首を埋葬し弔いや荒ぶる神にならないよう祀った塚。
English: - Katana zuka is dedicated to weapons of the people perished in battle fields or killed in action that were collected and buried.
Japanese: -刀塚とは戦場や戦いにおいて亡くなった人々の武具を集めて埋葬し弔い祀った塚。
English: - Mokozuka is a mound at which Mongolians perished in battle fields or killed in action during the Mongolian invasion were buried for the repose of their souls so that they would not become violent gods.
Japanese: -蒙古塚とは蒙古襲来のときに戦場や戦いにおいて亡くなった蒙古の人々を埋葬し弔いや荒ぶる神にならないよう祀った塚。
English: - Kujirazuka (mounds for whales) were erected in various regions where people effortlessly captured whales such as beached whales and where people practiced whaling, in appreciation for and in memory of whales.
Japanese: -鯨塚とは流れ鯨や寄り鯨などを受動的に捕鯨した地域や捕鯨を生業にしている地域において鯨に感謝し弔い祀った塚。
English: Around the Muromachi period, with development of light manufacturing, consumer society started to become a trend in and around major cities.
Japanese: 室町時代の頃から軽工業の発達により、都市部を中心に、消費社会の傾向が出始めていた。
English: The philosophy which had been for ancestor worship and nature worship, began to cover livestock and properties (tools used in daily life), and in order to save on things, the idea of divine spirits such as Tsukumogami (the divine spirit that resides in old tools or creatures) was developed, which was inherited down to the Edo period.
Japanese: それまでは、自然崇拝や祖霊崇拝であった観念が、家畜や器物（生活の道具）にまで及び、「もの」を粗末にしないようにとの思いから、九十九神などの神霊の観念が生まれ、江戸時代まで引き継がれた。
English: According to the recent studies, during the Edo period, Japan was an unprecedented recycling-oriented society in the world.
Japanese: そして、昨今の研究によれば、江戸時代は世界で例を見ない資源還元（リサイクル）社会であったといわれている。
English: - Dogu zuka (grave for tool) is a mound erected to bury old worn tools used in daily life and tools used in various professions in appreciation of their many years of service as well as to pray for improving skills in one's work.
Japanese: -道具塚とは普段使っている生活道具が使用できない状態になったとき感謝を込めて埋めたり、様々な職業の道具を埋め感謝しその職の技術の向上を祈願して建てられた塚。
English: - Hocho-zuka was erected to bury old worn knives to express appreciation for many years of service and to pray for improving skills in using knives for cooking.
Japanese: -庖丁塚とは使い古されたり使えなくなってしまった包丁に感謝を込めて埋めたり、包丁捌きの技術の向上祈願して建てられた塚。
English: In old days, knives for cooking were made from recycled swords and those knives had to be charged with spirit before using, then the dogu-zuka was erected for the purpose of charging.
Japanese: または、庖丁はふるくは刀を転用して作られており魂を入れなければ使用できなかったその入魂のための塚。
English: - Ningyo-zuka is a mound where old worn dolls were buried in appreciation for the enjoyment that they offered to their owners and also where dolls are buried as substitutes for people in hope to protect them from evils.
Japanese: -人形塚とは古くなったり飾ることが出来なくなった人形を感謝して埋めたり、身代わりとして厄を落とす祈願をした人形を埋めた塚。
English: According to the world view of the Ancient Shinto, the world is divided into two parts; one is Utsushiyo (the actural world), the other is Tokoyo or Kakuryo (the sacred area, the country of gods, and the afterworld).
Japanese: 古神道の世界観では、現実世界としての現世（うつしよ）と神域や神の国や死後の世界としての常世（とこよ）・（幽世「かくりよ」とも）に別れている。
English: Places such as Kannabi (a place such as a mountain or forest where the divine spirit resides), Iwasaka (the area a deity sits) and Himorogi (a temporarily erected altar used as a place of worship) were considered to be borders between the actual world and the sacred area whereby these places were marked with sacred ropes as barriers and, in some cases, became kinsokuchi (a tabooed land).
Japanese: 神奈備（かむなび）や磐境（いわさか）や神籬（ひもろぎ）などは、その神域との端境であると考えられ、結界としての注連縄が張られ、時には禁足地ともなった。
English: In addition to places, certain hours of the day such as Omagadoki (twilight hour) and Ushimitsudoki (the dead of night) were thought to serve as boundaries to the sacred area.
Japanese: 場所だけでなく、逢魔時や丑三つ時のように、一日の時刻にもその神域へ誘う、端境があると考えられた。
English: As the time passed, the following were also considered the border between the real world and the sacred land: ridges, mountain paths and slopes whose shapes of the roads were unique; and in some case, bridges, gates, borders of settlements such as villages and towns, and intersections of roads.
Japanese: これらが時代を経るにしたがい、道の形状の特徴的な峰や峠や坂や、時には橋や門や村境や町境などの集落の境界や、道の交差する辻なども、その神域との端境と考えられた。
English: Michishirube (signposts) were originally erected to help travelers stay oriented but were also the boundaries to keep evils out of the village.
Japanese: もともとは、「道に迷わないよう」にと作られた道標（みちしるべ）でもあるが、「集落に禍が及ばないよう」にとの思いからの結界でもある。
English: Other types of mounds and stone statues, erected in the past to wish travelers' safe trips, are standing inconspicuously on roadsides today and people still have faith in them.
Japanese: 同時に、旅や道すがらの安全を願って建立された塚や、それに類する石造りの像が、今日でも信仰され路傍にひっそりと佇んでいる。
English: There were conflicts in various locations in Japan over the claim on or ownership of a mountain, or boundaries of villages or towns, and those conflicts consequently left the people involved with bitter disappointment or damage, and in addition those locations were sacred places such as the Shinto shrine precincts; then mounds were erected to shrine the god residing there and the people who died in the conflicts.
Japanese: 入山権や山の帰属や村境や町境をめぐって紛争があり、人々の無念の思いや被害があったことや、その場所がいわゆる神域などの神聖な場所であったことから、そこに宿る神や紛争で命を落としたものに対して、祭った塚が日本各地に存在する。
English: Tekka Zuka is a mound on which the authorities would conduct superstition-based trials to resolve boundary disputes; such trials included the Tekka Saiban (literally the 'red-hot iron trial,' which involved the concerned parties taking hold of a red-hot iron bar to enable a judgment to be made on the issue in question based on whether a burn appeared on their hands) and Higisho (a trial which involved the concerned parties taking hold of a piece of red-hot iron to enable the truth of the matter to be ascertained based upon whether they were able to continue holding the iron piece in their hands).
Japanese: -鉄火塚とは地境の紛争の審理として、鉄火の裁判や火起請といわれる迷信のような判定が、「お上」によって行われた。
English: There were Tekka Zuka in the areas including Kurogane Cho, Aoba Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture and Oaza Miyado, Yarawa Mura, Tsukuba County, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Japanese: 神奈川県の横浜市青葉区(横浜市)鉄町や茨城県筑波谷和原村大字宮土などにある。
English: A small rise made of a pile of something and built by people or creatures was basically also referred to as a mound.
Japanese: 基本的には、何かが集まった状態で、人や生き物によって築かれる小山も、塚といった。
English: Mizu-zuka (a mound used as a shelter) was a stockroom for food in times of emergency from a different perspective, and mikkyo-zuka (mound of esoteric Buddhism) was basically an accumulation of residues much like kai-zuka although it has some religious implication.
Japanese: 水塚も見方を変えれば、緊急時のための食料を集積した貯蔵庫であるし、密教塚も宗教的な意味合いもあるが、貝塚と同様に残滓の集積でもある。
English: - Being well known as the remains of ancient times, shell mounds literally are piles of food waste consisting chiefly of shells, which are seen in coastal areas throughout the world.
Japanese: -古い時代の遺跡としても有名で世界各地の海浜部でみられ文字通り、貝を中心とした食物残滓が堆積したものである。
English: There are various examples of usage of rice straws, such as shimenawa (sacred rice straw ropes), straw sandals, natto (fermented soy bean) wrapping, filler material, tatami mats, straw rice bags, feed and fertilizers.
Japanese: ちなみに利用の例としては注連縄、草鞋、納豆床、スサ、畳床、米俵、飼料、肥料など多岐に渡る。
English: - A zori mound is a pile of old straw sandals worn by people, cattle and horses (as there were no horseshoes prior to the Meiji era) to make fertilizer for secondary use of straw.
Japanese: -ゾウリ塚とは稲藁の二次利用であり人、ウシ、ウマ（明治以前は蹄鉄ではなかった）の履いていた草鞋を肥料にするため集積し保存した状態。
English: - In the past, when an epidemic broke out, people used to move to another place after burning their houses and belongings.
Japanese: -密教塚とは疫病が流行った時に家や家財道具をすべて燃やして他の地へ移り住むということが、古くから行われていた。
English: - The mizu-zuka was a shelter in a case of floods seen in regions of Gunma Prefecture, being a wooden tower building of two stories erected on an elevated earth; the first floor stored miso (soybean paste) and other food and temporarily stored household goods, whereas, the second floor was used as a living quarter.
Japanese: -水塚とは群馬県地方にみられる水害のときの避難施設であり、盛り土の上に木造二階建ての搭状の建物で１階が味噌や食料の貯蔵と家財道具の一時保管場所で2階が居住空間となっている。
English: There are additional mounds that come in a variety of shapes including those built on dikes and the ones that were not erected on the elevated earth.
Japanese: その他にも堤防を利用した物や、必ずしも盛り土の上にない物など様々な形態がある。
English: - A molehill means a pile of dirt created when a mole comes out of ground being a sign of biological activities of that creature.
Japanese: -モグラ塚とはモグラの生活活動の跡であり地中から時々地面の近くに出てきたときに土が盛り上がった場所をさす。
English: - An anthill is a tower-shape mound made by termites using their bodily fluid, earth and plants for their nest.
Japanese: -蟻塚とはシロアリが巣を作るために体液と土や植物を混ぜて作った搭状の山
English: - The funzuka is a pile of feces of animals such as Japanese raccoons, being made because these animals have a habit of defecating at the same place to mark their territories.
Japanese: -糞塚とはタヌキなどの動物がマーキングや習性として決まった場所に糞をしたために山状になった場所。
English: It sells Uji tea products, and runs a Japanese style teahouse 'Saryo Tsujiri.'
Japanese: 宇治茶製品の販売や、和風喫茶「茶寮都路里」（さりょうつじり）の営業を行っている。
English: As well as process and sale of tea as a main business, it serves parfait and ice cream made with Japanese tea including maccha (powdered green tea) and hojicha (roasted green tea), which are popular among young women.
Japanese: 茶の加工と販売を主な事業とするほか、和風喫茶「茶寮都路里」では、抹茶やほうじ茶などの日本茶を使ったパフェやアイスクリーム等を提供し、若い女性の人気を集めている。
English: During the harsh winter between January and March, the sea cucumbers enter the breeding season and their ovaries grow enlarged; the name 'kuchiko' (literally, 'mouth child'), comes from the fact that the ovary is found near the mouth.
Japanese: ナマコは厳冬の1月から3月になると産卵期を迎えて発達肥大した卵巣を持つようになり、それが口先にあることから「くちこ」と呼ばれている。
English: Generally the kuchiko is dried in a flat triangle form and is known as Noto's premium delicacy.
Japanese: 一般的に三角形に平たく干したものが能登の高級珍味として親しまれている。
English: Since it resembles the plectrum of a shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo) when dried, it is also called 'bachiko' (literally, 'plectrum child').
Japanese: 干した姿が、三味線のばちに似ていることから、ばちことも呼ばれている。
English: Ovaries are dried in layers, and over a dozen kilograms of sea cucmbers are required to produce a single sheet, making it very expensive (several thousand yen per sheet, as of 2008).
Japanese: 何枚も重ねて干し上げるが、一枚作るのに十数キロのナマコが必要であるため、大変高価なものとなる（2008年現在、一枚数千円）。
English: Usually, raw kuchiko is pickled and sold as salted kuchiko, but sometimes, the ovaries are simply removed from the sea cucumbers, bottled and sold 'raw'.
Japanese: 生のものは、塩漬けされた塩辛として出回ることが多いが、取り出して瓶などに詰めただけの「生」のものもある。
English: Shichifukujin refers to seven deities which are believed to bring good luck in Japan.
Japanese: 七福神（しちふくじん）とは、福をもたらすとして日本で信仰されている七柱の神である。
English: With the times, it has become the deity of commerce and agriculture bringing 'prosperous trade' and 'good harvests' as a deity of good luck.
Japanese: 時代と共に福の神として「商売繁盛」や「五穀豊穣」をもたらす、商業や農業の神となった。
English: It was originally Kubera from Hinduism in India, which has become Vaishuravana (Tamonten) as a Buddhism deity and is called Bishamonten in Japan.
Japanese: 元はインドのヒンドゥー教のクヴェーラ神で、これが仏教の神のヴァイシュラヴァナ（多聞天）になり日本では毘沙門天と呼ばれる。
English: It is the only female among Shichifukujin, and was originally Saraswati, a female deity from Hinduism in India.
Japanese: 七福神の中の紅一点で元はインドのヒンドゥー教の女神であるサラスヴァティー神。
English: It is supposed to be a Taoist of Taoism in Song (Southern Dynasty), or another name or the same deity of Jurojin, which is Lao-tzu, a deity of Taoism and the incarnation of the southern polar stars.
Japanese: 道教の宋(南朝)の道士または、道教の神で南極星の化身の老子である寿老人の別名または同一神とされる。
English: It is said that putting 'a picture of Shichifukujin on Takarabune (treasure ship)' under the pillow in the New Year makes you have a good Hatsuyume (the first dream of the year)).
Japanese: 正月に枕の下に、「七福神の乗った宝船の絵」を入れておくと、良い初夢が見られると言われる。
English: It is a typical Japanese object to believe in, which is syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, with Hinduism in India (Daikoku, Bishamon and Benzai), Chinese Buddhism (Hotei) and Taoism (Fukurokuju and Jurojin), and indigenous belief in Japan (Ebisu and Okuninushi) mixed.
Japanese: インドのヒンドゥー教（大黒・毘沙門・弁才）、中国の仏教（布袋）、道教（福禄寿・寿老人）、日本の土着信仰（恵比寿・大国主）が入り混じって形成された、神仏習合からなる、いかにも日本的な信仰対象である。
English: However, since both Jurojin and Fukurokuju are supposed to be the incarnation of Canopus, they were regarded to be originally the same, and Kisshoten or Shojo was included once instead of Jurojin.
Japanese: 但し、寿老人と福禄寿はともにカノープスの化身とされることから、この二者は本来同一のものとみなし、寿老人の代わりに吉祥天や猩猩が入れられたことがあった。
English: It is also said that Shojo and Inari-shin were excluded because they didn't have a human figure.
Japanese: 猩猩、稲荷神が外れたのは、人間の姿ではなかったためとも言われている。
English: In China, there exist Hassen (eight deities of good luck) similar to Shichifukujin, each of which is said to have been an actual person (hermit), and the picture of them is an object to believe in across the nation.
Japanese: 中国では、七福神と似た八仙（八福神）と呼ばれるものがあり、全てが実在の人物（仙人）であったといわれ、各地でその姿を描いた絵が信仰の対象になっている。
English: Since the picture looks like Japanese Shichifukujin, there is an theory that this Hassen is the origin of it.
Japanese: その絵は日本の七福神ににているので、この八仙が元になったとする説がある。
English: Nochi no Hina refers to Hina dolls displayed on August 1st (old calendar) or September 9th (old calendar) in the Edo Period, or to displaying them.
Japanese: 後の雛（のちのひな）は、江戸時代、8月1日(旧暦)、また9月9日(旧暦)に飾られる雛人形、またそれを飾ることである。
English: Some people were not satisfied only with Hinamatsuri (Doll's Festival) on March 3rd (old calendar) in the spring and displayed Hina dolls again on the seasonal festival days in the fall.
Japanese: 春3月3日(旧暦)のひな祭りに飽きたらず、秋の節句にも雛人形を飾ったものである。
English: About the Shotoku era, 'Kokkei Zatsudan' (Amusing stories) says 'Many girls enjoy it on September 9th now, Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) names this Nochi no Hina,' and 'Ireko makura' (Nesting pillow) says 'Though Kyoto and Naniwa still have Nochi no Hina as the second Hinamatsuri, it is not respected as one in March, and they display the Hina dolls on Hassaku (August 1st in the lunar calendar) in Muro, Harima.'
Japanese: 正徳(日本)年間のことについて、「滑稽雑談」に、「今また九月九日に賞す児女多し、俳諧これを名付けて後の雛とす」、「入子枕」に、「二季のひゝなまつり、今も京難波には後の雛あるよしなれど、三月の如くなべてもてあつかふにはあらずとなむ、播州室などには八朔に雛を立るとぞ」とある。
English: Though it was held on the Chrysanthemum Festival in September or the first day of August, it was not popular like Hinamatsuri in March, and it is said to have died out at some point.
Japanese: 9月の重陽の節句、8月朔日などの行なわれたが、3月のひな祭のように一般に行なわれたのではなく、またいつしか廃されたらしい。
English: Hashihime is a lady, ogress or goddess who appears in legends about bridges.
Japanese: 橋姫（はしひめ）は、橋にまつわる伝承に現れる女性・鬼女・女神である。
English: She appears in many legends and has various aspects, but the two major ones are the 'Jealous ogress' encountered and killed by MINAMOTO no Tsuna at Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge, and the 'Guardian deity of the bridge' enshrined in Hashihime-jinja Shrine near Uji-bashi Bridge.
Japanese: 多様な伝承と側面を持ち、主なものに源綱が一条戻り橋で遭遇し斬った「嫉妬の鬼」、宇治橋そばの橋姫神社に祭られている「橋の守り神」、の2つがある。
English: She appeared in an anonymous waka (a traditional Japanese poem of 31 syllables) in the 14th volume of the ancient "Kokin Wakashu" (905).
Japanese: 古くは、『古今和歌集』(905年)第14巻の詠み人知らずの和歌に現れる。
English: In poetry, in contrast to the legends, she often appears in romantic poems as an adorable lady.
Japanese: 歌の世界ではしばしば、伝説と異なり、橋姫は愛らしい女性としてロマンチックな歌に現れた。
English: Hashihime appears as an ogress filled with jealousy in 'Tsurugi no maki' (Chapter of the Sword) in alternative versions of "Heike Monogatari" such as "Genpei Seisui ki" (The Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and Taira Clans) or "Yashirobon" (unauthorized book), which became the basis for most Hashihime stories.
Japanese: 嫉妬に狂う鬼としての橋姫が現れるのは、『平家物語』の読み本系異本の『源平盛衰記』・『屋台本』などに収録されている「剣巻」で、橋姫の物語の多くの原型となっている。
English: Since it is an alternative version, it is not included in most books of "The Complete Heike Monogatari" kind.
Japanese: 異本であるため、出版されている『平家物語全集』の類の多くには収録されていない。
English: During the reign of Emperor Saga (809-825), a daughter of a Court noble who had become filled with envy shut herself away in Kibune-jinja Shrine, praying,
Japanese: 嵯峨天皇の御世（809年-825年）、とある公卿の娘が、深い妬みにとらわれ、貴船神社に7日間籠ってこう祈った。
English: The Myojin God felt sorry and told her, "If you really want to become an ogress, change your appearance and soak in the Uji-gawa River for 21 days."
Japanese: 明神は哀れに思い「本当に鬼になりたければ、姿を変えて宇治川に21日間ひたれ」と告げた。