nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: This school was renamed Hiroshima English Language School, closed in 1877, transferred to Hiroshima Prefecture (to become Hiroshima Prefectural English Language School), and restructured into Hiroshima Prefectural Junior High School.
Japanese: 広島英語学校と改称され、1877年の廃止にともない広島県に移管（広島県英語学校）、さらに広島県中学校に改編。
English: In 1922, the school was renamed Hiroshima Prefectural Hiroshima Daiichi Junior High School to become the predecessor of Hiroshima Prefectural Hiroshima Kokutaiji Senior High School.
Japanese: 1922年に広島県立広島第一中学校と改称、現在の広島県立広島国泰寺高等学校の前身となった。
English: It was renamed Nagasaki English Language School, transferred to Nagasaki Prefecture upon its abolishment in 1877, restructured into Nagasaki Prefectural Nagasaki Junior High School (1878) and Nagasaki School of Foreign Languages (1882), and split into Nagasaki Prefectural Nagasaki Junior High School (established in 1884 as the predecessor of today's Nagasaki Prefectural Nagasaki Higashi Senior High School and Nagasaki Prefectural Nagasaki Nishi Senior High School) and Nagasaki Prefectural Nagasaki Commercial School (established in 1886 as the predecessor of today's Nagasaki City Nagasaki Commercial High School).
Japanese: 長崎英語学校と改称され、1877年の廃止にともない長崎県に移管、長崎県立長崎中学校（1878年）→長崎外国語学校（1882年）への改編を経て、長崎県立長崎中学校（1884年設立/現在の長崎県立長崎東高等学校・長崎県立長崎西高等学校の前身）および長崎県立長崎商業学校（1886年設立/現在の長崎市立長崎商業高等学校の前身）として分立した、。
English: The school was renamed Niigata English Language School, merged by Prefectural Niigata School upon abolishment in 1877, restructured into Niigata Junior High School but closed in 1887.
Japanese: 新潟英語学校と改称され、1877年の廃止にともない県立新潟学校に合併、ついで新潟学校中等部に改編されたが1887年に廃止、。
English: The school was renamed Miyagi English Language School, restructured sequentially to Prefectural Sendai Junior High School, Miyagi Junior High School, and Miyagi Prefectural Ordinary Middle School upon abolishment in 1877, and finally closed in 1888 (but some view the school became the origin of today's Miyagi Prefectural Sendai Daiichi High School via private Toka School).
Japanese: 宮城英語学校と改称され、1877年の廃止後は県立仙台中学校→宮城中学校→宮城県尋常中学校と改編され、1888年廃校（ただし私立東華学校経由で、現宮城県仙台第一高等学校の源流とする見解がある）。
English: Renamed Osaka English Language School, sequentially restructured into Osaka Technical College (1879), Osaka Junior High School (1880), university branch campus (1885), and Daisan Higher Middle School (1886) and then Daisan Senior High School (old education system) in 1894.
Japanese: 大阪英語学校と改称され、のち大阪専門学校（1879年）→大阪中学校（1880年）→大学分校（1885年）→第三高等中学校（1886年）への改編を経て1894年第三高等学校(旧制)となる。
English: There is no direct inheritance relation with Osaka School of Foreign Languages (old education system) (to be mentioned later) as per the Acts of Colleges.
Japanese: 専門学校令による大阪外国語学校(旧制)（後出）との直接の継承関係はない。
English: It was later restructured into Preparatory School of the University of Tokyo (1877), Daiichi Higher Middle School (1886) and then to Daiichi High School (old education system) in 1894.
Japanese: のち東京大学予備門（1877年）→第一高等中学校（1886年）への改編を経て1894年第一高等学校(旧制)となる。
English: Tokyo School of Foreign Languages (old education system) (1899 [1874]; today's Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)
Japanese: 東京外国語学校(旧制)（1899年（1873年）・現東京外国語大学）
English: Regular courses included Faculties of English Language (Departments of Literature and International Trade), French Language (Departments of Literature and International Trade), German Language (Departments of Literature and International Trade), Russian Language (Departments of Literature, Trade and Exploitation), Italian Language (Departments of Literature, Trade and Exploitation), Spanish Language (Departments of Literature, Trade and Exploitation), Portuguese Language (Departments of Literature, Trade and Exploitation), Chinese Language (Departments of Literature, Trade and Exploitation), Mongolian Language (Departments of Trade and Exploitation), Thai Language (Departments of Trade and Exploitation), Malay Language (Departments of Trade and Exploitation), and Hindustani and Tamil Languages (Departments of Trade and Exploitation), and selective courses, special courses, intensive courses and advance courses were also established.
Japanese: 本科英語部（文科・貿易科）仏語部（文科・貿易科）独語部（文科・貿易科）露語部（文科・貿易科・拓殖科）伊語部（文科・貿易科・拓殖科）西語部（文科・貿易科・拓殖科）葡語部（文科・貿易科・拓殖科）支那語部（文科・貿易科・拓殖科）蒙古語部（貿易科・拓殖科）秦語部（貿易科・拓殖科）馬来語部（貿易科・拓殖科）ヒンドスタニー・タミル語部（貿易科・拓殖科）、選科、専修科、速成科、特修科を設置。
English: Regular courses (Chinese, Mongolian, Malay, Indian, English, French, German, Russian, and Spanish), selective courses and special courses were established.
Japanese: 本科（支那・蒙古・馬来・印度・英・仏・独・露・西語部）、選科、別科を設置。
English: Reformed to Kitakyushu University in April 1953 and renamed the University of Kitakyushu in April 2001.
Japanese: 1953年4月に北九州大学に改組、2001年4月には北九州市立大学と改称。
English: Regular courses (Korean, Chinese, Malay, Spanish, Russian, English, Mongolian, and German), specialty courses, specialized courses, and advance courses were established.
Japanese: 本科（朝鮮・支那・馬来・西・露・英・蒙・独語部）、特科、専修科、特修科を設置。
English: Female students were transferred to Tenri Girls' School (reformed to Tenri Girls' Vocational School in 1940).
Japanese: 1928年：女子学生は天理女子学院に編入（1940年：天理女子専門学校に改組）。
English: Renamed Tenri Foreign Language College (while Tenri Girls' Vocational School renamed Tenri Girls' Foreign Language College) in April 1944.
Japanese: 1944年4月：天理語学専門学校と改称（天理女専は天理女子語学専門学校と改称）。
English: Foreign language courses included Chinese, Mongolian, Russian, Annam, Thai, Burmese, Indian, Philippine, Malay, and Turkish.
Japanese: 支那・蒙古・露西亜・安南・泰・緬甸・印度・比律賓・馬来・土耳古科を設置。
English: It was then absorbed by the Faculties of Letters, Law, Economics, and Commerce of Doshisha University under the new education system in April 1949.
Japanese: 1949年4月：新制同志社大学の文学部・法学部・経済学部・商学部各学部に吸収。
English: Ho-gakko (law school) was an educational institution governed by the Ministry of Justice in the early Meiji Period and was one of the previous bodies of the existing the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Law.
Japanese: 法学校（ほうがっこう）は、明治初期に司法省が管轄した教育機関であり、現在の東京大学法学部の前身の一つである。
English: The graduates of this school was given the title of 'Bachelor of Art in Law' and other higher educational institutions that could give the title of 'Bachelor of Art' before the Imperial universities were founded were the law school of the Ministry of Justice, the Imperial College of Engineering of the Ministry of Engineering, Settlers' Sapporo Agricultural School, and Komaba Agricultural School of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (Japan), in addition to Tokyo University.
Japanese: 卒業者には「法律学士」の称号が与えられたが、帝国大学成立以前に「学士」の称号を与えることが出来た高等教育機関は、東京大学の他、司法省法学校、工部省工部大学校、開拓使札幌農学校、農商務省(日本)駒場農学校である。
English: In the initial stage, the school was expected to accommodate 100 students, however, the number of the students was reduced to 20 due to its financial circumstances.
Japanese: 当初は定員100名を想定していたが、予算の関係から20名に縮減された。
English: In July 1872, 20 students were accommodated and were provided with the education on law mainly about French law.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）7月に生徒20名を入学させ、フランス法を中心とする法学教育を行った。
English: Some of the students left the school in the middle of the course and some students were newly recruited and, therefore, the total number of the students registered was 36.
Japanese: 途中で生徒の一部が中退し、新たに募集が行われたため、在籍者の総計は36名になる。
English: Gustave Emile BOISSONADE and Georges BOUSQUET, frenchmen employed by the National Government, were in charge of the education on law.
Japanese: 法学教育を担当したのは、フランス人御雇い外国人、ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードとジョルジュ・ブスケである。
English: This school used the building of the mansion of the former Matsumoto Domain of Shinano Province (the lord was Tanbanokami MATSUDAIRA).
Japanese: 麹町区永楽町の司法省敷地内にあった旧信濃国松本藩（松平丹波守）邸の建物を使用していた。
English: Later on, the title of 'Bachelor of Art in law' was given to each of 25 students that included these 20 students and five of the seven students who went to France as foreign students in the previous year (two of them died abroad).
Japanese: 前年、フランスへ留学した7名中客死した2名を除く5名を加えた25名に対し、後に「法律学士」の称号が与えられた。
English: The preparatory course provided the ordinary education including that of French language as the core and the main course provided law education in French.
Japanese: 予科はフランス語を中心とする普通教育、本科ではフランス語による法学教育が行われた。
English: The person in charge of the law education was a French employee of the National Government, Georges APPERT.
Japanese: 法学教育を担当したのは、フランス人御雇い外国人ジョルジュ・アッペールである。
English: The second generation students graduated in July 1884, however the number of graduates was 37 (33 bachelors of law and four students just finished the courses) of the 104 students who had entered.
Japanese: 第二期生は1884年（明治17年）7月卒業したが、入学生104名中、卒業生は37名（法律学士33名、成業4名）である。
English: When the second generation students advanced to the main course in September 1880, the third generation students entered.
Japanese: 第二期生が本科に進んだ1880年（明治13年）9月に第三期生53名が入学。
English: The 75 students, the fourth and last generation students, entered in October 1884.
Japanese: 司法省法学校としては、1884年（明治17年）10月に入学した第四期生75名が最後の生徒となる。
English: Up to the third generation students, all the students were financed by the National Government, however, some of the fourth generation students were privately financed.
Japanese: 第三期生までは生徒全員が官費生であったが、第四期生から一部私費生となった。
English: In December 1884, the school was transferred to the Ministry of Education and changed its name to Tokyo Ho-Gakko and was consolidated into the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Law in September 1885.
Japanese: 1884年（明治17年）12月に文部省に移管されて東京法学校となり、1885年（明治18年）9月に東京大学法学部に統合された。
English: With the consolidation, the students studying in the school were transferred to the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Law and, excluding those who left the school halfway, the students graduated the French law course of Law University of the Imperial University in and after 1888 and the graduates counted 36 as the third generation students and 36 as the fourth generation students.
Japanese: 統合に伴い、在校生は東京大学法学部に移管され、中途退学者を除き1888年（明治21年）以降、帝国大学法科大学仏法科を卒業しているが、卒業生は第三期生36名、第四期生36名である。
English: In addition to the eight-year 'ordinary studying course', 'quick studying course' was also established to provide two- or three-year law education in Japanese, and the course continued to exist until the third generation students.
Japanese: 8年制の「正則科」の他に、日本語により2年ないし3年間の法学教育を行った「速成科」もおかれ、第三期生まで教育を行った。
English: The graduates of the school were the first generation that had mastered the Western modern laws and, many of them supported the judicature in Japan in Meiji period as judges and prosecutors.
Japanese: 卒業生は西洋近代法を修得した最初の世代であり、その多くは裁判官・検察官として明治期日本の司法を支えた。
English: The first generation students helped compilation of the codes such as the old civil laws led by Gustave Emile BOISSONADE and became the core of the assertor group in the controversy on the civil code.
Japanese: また、第一期生はギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードによる旧民法などの法典編纂に協力し、民法典論争においては断行派の中核となった。
English: In addition, more than a half of the first generation students were engaged in founding Meiji University (Meiji Horitsu Gakko) and, in this relation, some of the graduates who entered the school in its second or later years served the university as lecturers in it.
Japanese: このほか、第一期生の過半数は明治大学（明治法律学校）の創立に関与しており、その縁故で第二期生以降の中にも同学の講師となった者がいる。
English: Some of the graduates were participated in founding Kansai University (Kansai Horitsu Gakko).
Japanese: また、出身者の何人かは関西大学（関西法律学校）の創立に関与している。
English: Komori gakko is a term used to refer to schools made for children who were not able to attend ordinary schools because they had to baby-sit their own little brothers and sisters or other families' little chidren in the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 子守学校（こもりがっこう）とは、明治初期に、自身の幼い弟妹や他家の乳幼児の子守のため学校に通うことができない子どもたちのために作られた学校。
English: In those days, one of the school songs of the Ministry of Education, a children's song 'Akatonbo' (red dragonfly) illustrates, it was common for school age children of today to take care of younger children all day long.
Japanese: 当時は文部省唱歌の「赤とんぼ童謡「赤とんぼ」」などに見られるように、現在で言えば義務教育期間に当たる子どもが、幼い子どもを背負うなどして一日じゅう面倒を見ていた。
English: In 1872, with 'the Education Order,' the Japanese Government launched the modern school system, but the enrollment rate didn't rise as they expected.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）の「学制発布」で近代的な学校制度を日本政府がスタートさせたものの、就学率が思うように上がらなかった。
English: The biggest reason was that the children, especially girls, were told by their parents to baby-sit their little brothers and sisters or other families' children at their workplaces, and that this burden prevented them from going to school.
Japanese: その最大の原因は、子どもたち、とくに女児が親から幼い弟妹たちの子守を、あるいは奉公先などで他家の幼児の子守を命じられて学校に行くことができないためだと論じられた。
English: In 1880, Tokyo, Hokkaido and all the prefectures were ordered to establish baby-sitter schools in order to solve the problem, and in 1883, Kaju WATANABE opened the first baby-sitter school in Koyama-mura, Sashima-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Japanese: 問題を解決するために、1880年（明治13年）に全国の都道府県に子守学校の設置を命じられ、1883年(明治16年)茨城県猿島郡小山村に、渡辺嘉重が日本最初の子守学校を開いた。
English: The little children brought by the girls were also provided with nursery education there.
Japanese: 彼は子守りを命じられた少女たちが連れてきた幼い子たちも保育教育を行った。
English: In 1884, the following year, he published the book "Komori Kyoiku Ho"-Methods for Educating Little baby-sitters (from Fukyu-sha Publishing, reprinted edition in 1977).
Japanese: 彼は、翌1884年(明治17年)には『子守教育法』（普及舎、1977年に復刻版あり）という著書も出している。
English: After that, schools of this kind spread to 41 administrative divisions, and they continued to exist till the end of the Taisho period or the biginning of the Showa period.
Japanese: その後、こうした学校は41の都道府県に広がり、大正末から昭和初めころまで存続していた。
English: The baby-sitter school in Ueda City, Nagano Prefecture has the longest history -50 years 1month.
Japanese: 最も運営期間が長かったのは、50年1ヶ月続いた長野県上田市子守学校である。
English: There is also an example like Kyoto College of Economics which started out as a private baby-sitter school, and transformed itself occasionally, and has existed till today.
Japanese: 京都経済短期大学のように、私立の子守学校として誕生したものが、その後かたちを変えながら今日もなお存続している例もある。
English: Baby-sitting children were from poor farming or fishing villages, and their parents didn't value education out of ignorance, and therefore in many cases, they didn't welcome baby-sitter schools.
Japanese: 子守をする子ども達は貧しい農村や漁村の出身で、親が教育の価値を知らず、子守学校を歓迎しないことも多かった。
English: For that reason, in 1886, in Shimoge-gun, Oita Prefecture, a night school was organized for children who did baby-sitting during the day at the local elementary school and a rented house, because they were free from baby-sitting at night.
Japanese: そのため大分県下毛郡では、明治19年（1886年）、子守から解放される時間帯である夜に地元の小学校と、学校から離れた集落の借家で、昼間子守をする子ども達を対象にした夜間学校が設けられた。
English: Baby-sitter schools didn't have staff to take care of the babies during class.
Japanese: また子守学校では、乳児・幼児をつれたまま学校に行っても、授業を受ける間代わりに乳幼児の世話をしてくれる職員が配置されていたわけではなかった。
English: There were no such arrangements at public schools, while private schools gradually started giving their attention to the matter.
Japanese: 公立の学校ではそこまでの配慮は到底行き届かず、民間レベルではじめてそこまでの手が及ぶようになった。
English: In 1890, in Niigata City, Atsutomi AKAZAWA and his wife, Nakako opened a nursery institution in affiliate with Niigata Seishu School.
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）に、新潟市で赤沢鐘美（あつとみ）・仲子夫妻が新潟静修学校に付設の保育施設を開設した。
English: Baby-sitter schools were established under the special circumstances with the socio-economic background.
Japanese: 子守学校は、このように社会経済的な背景をもって特殊な事情の中で誕生したものである。
English: They have unique significance in the Japanese history of education as the ones which encouraged the birth of night schools and nursery schools.
Japanese: 日本の夜間学校、保育所の成立につながるものとして、日本の教育史において独特の意義を持っている。
English: Shrines that were listed in the Engi-shiki Jimmyo-cho are called Shikinaisha; while those that clearly existed at the time but were not listed in it are called Shikigesha.
Japanese: 延喜式神名帳に記載されている神社を式内社（しきないしゃ）といい、延喜式の時代に明らかに存在していても延喜式神名帳に記載されていない神社を式外社（しきげしゃ）という。
English: The Shikinaisha are those shrines were entitled to offerings at Kinen-sai; there were 2,861 of them listed.
Japanese: 式内社は祈年祭奉幣を受けるべき神社であり、2861社が記載されている。
English: Those that enshrine Myojin (gods), long thought to have a remarkably miraculous efficacy, are all included in the Shikinaisha, and are calledMyojin Taisha Shrine (Myojidai).
Japanese: 式内社には、古来より霊験が著しいとされる名神を祀る神社が全て含まれており、それらを名神大社（名神大）という。
English: TheKanpei-sha Shrine are the shrines that received offerings from the Jingikan (the Department of Divinities); and the Kokuhei-sha Shrine are those that received offerings from the Kokushi (local governors).
Japanese: 官幣社は神祇官より奉幣を受ける神社で、国幣社は国司より奉幣を受ける神社である。
English: At first all shrines got offerings directly from the Jingikan; but because it took time to travel to shrines in distant districts, the Kokushi began to conduct offerings on behalf of the Jingikan, creating the distinction between Kanpeisha and Kokuheisha.
Japanese: 当初は全て神祇官から直接奉幣を受けていたが、遠国の神社についてはそこへ行くまでに時間がかかることから、国司が代理で行うようになり、官幣社・国幣社の別ができた。
English: When a Kokushi began his appointment, he had to make a pilgrimage to the shrines(called Sinpai) in his district.
Japanese: 国司が任国に赴任したときに神拝といって任国内の神社を巡拝しなければならなかった。
English: The most influential shrine in the district came to be called Ichinomiya, as it was the first that he would visit; some districts had Ninomiya and also Sannomiya.
Japanese: その中でもっとも有力な神社を一宮と呼ぶようになり、一番初めに参拝し、国によっては二宮、三宮も存在した。
English: Because it took the Kokushi a long time to visit all of the shrines in the district, they were enshrined together in the vicinity of provincial government offices.
Japanese: 国司の神拝の際、任国内の神社を巡拝してまわるには手間がかかるので、国府の近くに神社をまとめて合祀した。
English: However, these are only remaining from a few districts, and even most of them are copies or excerpts; there is no accurate account of which shrines were included, or total numbers.
Japanese: ただし、これは一部の国のものしか現存せず、現存しているものも多くが写本や抄本のため、正確な実体や総数などは分からない。
English: The Nijunisha (Myojin Nijunisha) are 22 influential shrines that the Imperial Court presented offerings when their country was in a serious state.
Japanese: 二十二社（明神二十二社）は国家の一大事に朝廷が奉幣した有力神社の22社。
English: The Kokushi Kenzaisha are the shrines that are listed in the Rokkokushi.
Japanese: 国史見在社（こくしけんざいしゃ）は、六国史に記載のある神社のことである。
English: However, because most Shikinaisha are Kokushi Kenzaisha, the term of Kokushi Kenzaisha is used for Shikigesha.
Japanese: ただし、式内社はほとんどが国史見在社であるため、通常、国史見在社という言葉は式外社について用いる。
English: The Modern Times Shakaku System is the system that was made anew based on the Engi-shiki after the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 近代社格制度とは、明治維新の後、延喜式による社格にならって新たに作られた社格制度である。
English: It was abolished after the 2nd World War by General Headquarters' Shinto Shirei program.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による神道指令によって廃止された。
English: The Jinja-Honcho designates some of the influential shrines that it oversees as Beppyo-Jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 神社本庁では、神社本庁が包括している有力神社の一部を別表神社として定めている。
English: Generally, Tsukuyomi is considered to be the god of the moon who rules the night, but some oppose this view (as discussed later).
Japanese: 普通には月を神格化した、夜を統べる神であると考えられているが、異説もある（後述）。
English: Based on the story that Tsukuyomi killed Ukemochi no kami (the god of whole grain) with a sword in "Nihon Shoki," this god is generally considered to be male; however, there is no description in "Kojiki" or "Nihon Shoki" that determines the gender of this god.
Japanese: 日本書紀に保食神を斬り殺す話が存在する為、一般には男神と考えられているものの、記紀の中では性別を決定づけるような描写はない。
English: Some scholars argue that Tsukuyomi is female because the myths of many other countries depict the god of the moon as female (and even militant) and that the story of killing Ukemochi no kami isn't decisive enough to conclude that Tsukuyomi is male.
Japanese: 他国神話では月神が女神である場合も多く、更に好戦的な性格の女神も他国の神話では多く登場する為、保食神殺害の話が男性神だと断定する要素にはなり得ないとして、女神説を唱える学者も存在する。
English: Although Tsukuyomi is considered to be the god of the moon, his (or her) divinity varies from one literary source to the next.
Japanese: ツクヨミは、月の神とされているが、その神格については、文献によって様々な相違がある。
English: According to "Kojiki," Tsukuyomi was born from the right eye of Izanagi as she purified herself when running back home from Yomi (the world after death), as well as Amaterasu from her left eye and Susanoo from her nose, and together they comprise Mihashira no uzuno miko (the three noble children).
Japanese: 『古事記』ではイザナギが黄泉から逃げ帰って禊ぎをした時に右目から生まれたとされ、もう片方の目から生まれたアマテラス、鼻から生まれたスサノオと共に三貴子を成す。
English: On the other hand, in "Nihon Shoki" Tsukuyomi was born from Izanagi's left eye or a masokagami (bronze mirror) held in her right hand, and his (or her) ruling area is different from story to story-at one time the heavens and at another the ocean.
Japanese: 一方、『日本書紀』では『古事記』とは逆に左目から生まれたという話、右手に持った白銅鏡から成り出でたとする話もあり、支配領域も天や海など一定しない。
English: Tsukuyomi was born in a pair with Amaterasu, the god of the sun, and this idea is, in comparison mythology, common across various myths.
Japanese: ツクヨミは太陽を象徴するアマテラスと対になって誕生するが、比較神話学の分野では、様々な神話に同様の発想があることが指摘されている。
English: For example, in the Chinese Pangu legend "Gounrekinenki" there is a story of the origin of the sun and moon, which states that Pangu's left eye became the sun and his right eye the moon as he died, while in Greek mythology Apollo (the god of the sun) and Artemis (the god of the moon) are depicted as twins.
Japanese: 例えば、中国の盤古伝説（『五運歴年記』）には、盤古が死してその左眼が太陽に、右目が月になったという起源譚があり、ギリシア神話においても太陽神アポロンと月の女神アルテミスが双子とされる。
English: (Note that Apollo was initially a different god than Helios, the god of the sun; eventually they came to be regarded as identical.)
Japanese: （ただしアポロンはもともとは太陽神ヘリオスとは別の神で、両者が同一視されるに至ったのは後代の事である。）
English: Additionally, the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible tells a story about the creation of the sun and moon, stating that God created the two great sources of light-the sun and the moon floating in the heavens--four days after the Creation, and then separated light and darkness by having the sun and the moon rule the day and night, respectively.
Japanese: また、旧約聖書の創世記では、天地創造の四日目に、神が空の中に「二つの巨いなる光」、すなわち太陽と月を創り上げて、それぞれに昼と夜を司らせ、光と闇を分けたという日月の創造が語られている。
English: The birth of Amaterasu and Tsukuyomi is in keeping with a story common throughout the world: that the sun and moon were created as a pair.
Japanese: アマテラスとツクヨミの誕生もまた、太陽と月が対として誕生したという、世界中に共通する日月起源譚のパターンに沿ったものと考えられる。
English: Although in Japanese mythology Tsukuyomi is considered equally as important as Amaterasu and Susanoo, he (or she) appears in "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki" much less often and is generally less active.
Japanese: 日本神話において、ツクヨミはアマテラス・スサノオと並ぶ重要な神とされているにもかかわらず、『古事記』『日本書紀』の神話にはあまり登場せず、全般的に活躍に乏しい。
English: The story of Tsukuyomi is told only in Document 1 of Section 11 of Chapter 5 of "Nihon Shoki," where the origin of whole grain is described.
Japanese: わずかに『日本書紀』第五段第十一の一書で、穀物の起源が語られているぐらいである。
English: Some say this is an effort to strike a balance by placing a quiet, inactive god between two gods of contrasting characteristics: Amaterasu and Susanoo.
Japanese: これはアマテラスとスサノオという対照的な性格を持った神の間に何もしない神を置くことでバランスをとっているとする説もある。
English: Similar structures are seen with Ameno minakanushi no kami against Takamimusubi and with Kamimusubi, and Hosesuri against Hoori (Yamasachihiko) and Hoderi (Umisachihiko).
Japanese: 同様の構造は、タカミムスビとカミムスビに対する天之御中主神、ホオリ（山幸彦）とホデリ（海幸彦）に対するホスセリなどにも見られる。
English: Some consider that Tsukuyomi and Susanoo are identical, because their ruling areas and episodes are somewhat the same.
Japanese: スサノオとは支配領域やエピソードが一部重なることから、同一神説を唱える者もいる。
English: In the first part of "Kojiki," Tsukuyomi was born from Izanagi no mikoto as she rinsed her right eye and, together with her other children Amaterasu and Susanoo, is called Mihashira no tattokiko (the three noble children).
Japanese: 『古事記』上巻では、伊邪那伎命の右目を洗った際に生み成され、アマテラスやスサノオとともに「三柱の貴き子」と呼ばれる。
English: Although Tsukuyomi no mikoto was instructed to rule the country of the night, none of his subsequent activities is stated.
Japanese: 月読命は「夜の食国を知らせ」と命ぜられるが、これ以降の活躍は一切無い。
English: Chapter 5 of "Jindaiki (Records of the Period of Gods)" in "Nihon Shoki" gives a short description of Tsukuyomi, stating that Izanagi gave birth to the god of the brilliant moon next to the sun and sent him (or her) to the heavens to work with the sun as a ruling god, while in Document 1 of Section 1 that follows, Izanagi no mikoto is said to have given birth to Ohirume no mikoto by holding a masokagami (bronze mirror) in her left hand and Tsukuyomi no mikoto by holding the same mirror in her right hand.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』神代紀の第五段では、本文で「日の光に次ぐ輝きを放つ月の神を生み、天に送って日とならんで支配すべき存在とした」と簡潔に記されているのみであるが、続く第一の一書にある異伝には、伊弉諾尊が左の手に白銅鏡を取り持って大日孁尊を生み、右の手に白銅鏡を取り持って月弓尊を生んだとされる。