nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: During the Osaka War in 1615, she was rescued from the burning Osaka-jo Castle by the command of her grandfather, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 慶長20年（1615年）の大坂の役では、祖父である徳川家康の命により落城する大坂城から救出される。
English: When Naahime, Hideyori's daughter born of his concubine, was about to be executed, Senhime adopted Naahime as her daughter in order to save her life.
Japanese: その後、秀頼と側室の間の娘奈阿姫が処刑されそうになった時に千姫は彼女を自らの養女にして命を助ける。
English: In 1616, Senhime married Tadatoki HONDA, the rightful heir to Tadamasa Honda, the lord of Kuwana Domain.
Japanese: 元和(日本)2年（1616年）、桑名藩主本多忠政の嫡男・本多忠刻と結婚。
English: A plot was discovered at the time of her marriage, in which Naomori SAKAZAKI, the lord of Tsuwano Domain, planned to attack Senhime's marriage procession to abduct her. As a result, Naomori committed suicide (or was killed by his retainers) and the Sakazaki clan was deprived of their samurai status along with their territory (Senhime incident).
Japanese: この時、津和野藩主坂崎直盛が輿入れの行列を襲って千姫を強奪する計画を立てていることが発覚し、直盛は自害（もしくは家臣により殺害）、坂崎氏は改易処分となった（千姫事件）。
English: Some people believe that when Osaka-jo Castle was besieged, Naomori, taking Ieyasu at his word that he would allow anybody who rescued Senhime to marry her, saved her from the castle, suffering burns on his face. However, Senhime was reluctant to marry him because of his unattractive appearance, choosing Tadatoki HONDA as her marriage partner instead.
Japanese: 一説には大坂城落城の際、千姫を救出した者と千姫を結婚させるとの家康の言葉を受けた直盛が、顔に火傷を負いながらも千姫を救出したが、直盛の器量が悪いことから千姫が結婚を嫌がり、結局美男の本多忠刻と結婚することになったという。
English: Although Naomori has long been believed to have planned his attack as a result of his grievance against this incident, the story that he rescued Senhime from Osaka-jo Castle is today considered as being questionable. In all actuality, Senhime is most likely to have been escorted by a Toyotomi warrior named Ujihisa HORIUCHI to Naomori's camp and was then taken by Naomori to Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 直盛の襲撃計画はこのことを恨んでのものとされ、長く信じられていたが、現在ではそもそも大坂城で直盛が千姫を救出した話自体が疑わしいとされている（実際には堀内氏久という豊臣方の武将に護衛されて直盛の陣まで届けられた後、直盛が徳川秀忠の元へ送り届けた、というのが真相らしい。
English: It is also likely that Naomori was requested by Ieyasu to look for an appropriate marriage partner for Senhime rather than being allowed to marry her.
Japanese: それに、千姫を与えるではなく、嫁ぎ先を探すのを頼まれたのが真実らしい）。
English: In the following year (1617), when the Honda family was transferred to Himeji in Harima Province, she left Kuwana and moved to Himeji, where she came to be known as Queen Harima.
Japanese: 翌年の元和3年（1617年）、本多家が播磨国姫路に移封になった時には8月28日に桑名を発って姫路に移って播磨姫君と呼ばれるようになる。
English: In 1628, Katsuhime married Mitsumasa IKEDA, leaving her mother to live alone.
Japanese: 寛永5年（1628年）に勝姫は池田光政の元へ嫁ぎ、一人暮らしとなる。
English: In 1644, she came to live with the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's concubine, Onatsu no kata (later Junshoin), who left Edo-jo Castle to observe a taboo and ward off misfortune, and Iemitsu's second son Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, whom Onatsu no kata later gave birth to.
Japanese: 正保元年（1644年）には迷信を避ける為に江戸城から移った3代将軍徳川家光の側室お夏の方（後の順性院）とその後生まれた家光の次男・徳川綱重と暮らすようになる。
English: When her Takebashi residence burnt down during Meireki no Taika (the Great Fire of Meireki) in 1657, she took up temporary residence at the palace of the Kishu Tokugawa family.
Japanese: 明暦3年（1657年）の明暦の大火で竹橋の邸が焼失した時には、紀州徳川家の屋敷に一時厄介になる。
English: There is a legend about Senhime, known as the 'Yoshida Palace Story,' one of the favorite themes of Nishikie (colored woodblock print) and Rokyoku (recitation of stories accompanied by samisen), which holds that she would lure men into her residence and kill them all.
Japanese: 錦絵や浪曲でよく語られる、御殿から男を誘い込んで弄び、それらの男を全員殺したという「吉田御殿の話」が伝説として生まれている。
English: For example, when her husband Hideyori TOYOTOMI's daughter borne of his concubine, Naahime, was on the verge of being executed, Senhime risked her own life in a plea to save Naahime. Senhime managed to secure her release.
Japanese: 実際には豊臣秀頼と側室の間に生まれた娘・奈阿姫が処刑される所を体を張った必死の助命嘆願を行い、その結果、奈阿姫は助けられたとされる。
English: Senhime is believed to have inherited her intelligence and beauty from her grandmother Oichi no kata and was reportedly a very beautiful princess.
Japanese: 千姫は祖母お市の方の聡明さと美貌を受け継いだ、たいへん美しい姫君であったという。
English: Hideyori was witnessed by his female servant to be performing a female hair-trimming ritual (known as 'Bigi-sogi').
Japanese: 千姫が十六歳のとき、秀頼が女性の黒髪を揃える儀式「鬢削」を千姫にしていたのを侍女が目撃している。
English: At Senhime's death, her grand-daughter, Naahime (Katsuhime's daughter, not the same person as Hideyori's daughter mentioned above) transcribed the 'Jodo-Sanbu-kyo' (Three Pure Land Sutras, 4 volumes) in order to pray for her soul.
Japanese: 千姫が亡くなった際、娘・勝姫の子である奈阿姫（上記の秀頼の娘とは別人）は祖母の菩提を弔うために「浄土三部経（全４巻）」を書き写した。
English: The 'Jodo-Sanbu-kyo' transcribed by Naahime (written in gold letters on blue paper) is a cultural property designated by Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Japanese: 奈阿姫の書いた「浄土三部経（紺紙金泥阿弥陀経）」は現在、茨城県常総市指定文化財となっている。
English: Yae NIIZIMA (1845 - 1932) was a Japanese woman who lived from the closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate until the early Showa period.
Japanese: 新島八重（にいじまやえ、弘化2年（1845年）-昭和7年（1932年））は幕末から昭和初期の日本女性で、
English: Some historical documents refer to her as 'Yaeko NIIJIMA' because she affixed a signature 'Yaeko' to some letters.
Japanese: 一部の手紙などでは「八重子」と署名してあることから、史料によっては「新島八重子」と書かれる場合もある。
English: She is famous for having worn her hair bobbed, been dressed like a man, rendered service with gunnery, an art handed down from her father to her and fought hard in the battle where Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle was besieged, during the Boshin Civil War.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争時には断髪・男装し、家芸であった砲術を以て奉仕し、会津若松城籠城戦で奮戦したことは有名である。
English: Thereafter, she married a man descended from a clansman family serving the Aizu Domain, which the Yamamoto family also served; however, she soon divorced him on grounds of incompatibility.
Japanese: その後、同じ会津藩士家出身の男性と結婚したが、性格が合わずにすぐに離婚。
English: In 1871, she went up to Kyoto where Kakuma YAMAMOTO, her real elder brother, whom she relied upon, served as an advisor to Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）、京都府顧問となっていた実兄・山本覚馬を頼って上洛する。
English: The following year, she took office as principal and probationary teacher of a special school for women named Kyoto Nyokoba (the predecessor of the present Kyoto Municipal Horikawa High School) on the recommendation of her brother.
Japanese: 翌年、兄の推薦により京都女紅場（後の京都市立堀川高等学校）の権舎長・教道試補となる。
English: The mother of Soshitsu SEN XIII (Ennosai) was working for this school as a tea ceremony instructor.
Japanese: この女紅場に茶道教授として勤務していたのが13代千宗室（円能斎）の母で、
English: She became acquainted with Jo NIIJIMA, who regularly visited her brother, then left the school and started to make arrangements for the wedding in 1875, and married him in January of the following 1876.
Japanese: 兄の元に出入りしていた新島襄と知り合い、明治8年（1875年）には女紅場を退職して準備を始め、翌明治9年1月に結婚。
English: She made good use of her experiences of working at Kyoto Nyokoba to contribute suggestions to the operation of the Doshisha.
Japanese: 女紅場に勤務していたときの経験を生かし、同志社の運営に助言を与えた。
English: It is said that Jo, who had grown accustomed to Western-style ladies-first customs, and Yae, who was a proactive woman, were a well-matched couple.
Japanese: 欧米流のレディファーストが身に付いていた襄と、男勝りの性格だった八重は似合いの夫婦であったという。
English: They had no children, and the Niijima family did not have any male members other than Jo at that time; therefore, Yae received a child for adoption.
Japanese: 二人の間に子供はおらず、更にこの時の新島家には襄以外に男子がいなかったため養子を迎えたが、
English: It is also said that Yae gradually became estranged from the Doshisha because she could not get along with Jo's disciples who supported the Doshisha thereafter.
Japanese: さらに、その後の同志社を支えた襄の門人たちとも性格的にそりが合わず、同志社とも次第に疎遠になっていったという。
English: Placed in such a lonely situation, Yae was supported by Ennosai, whom she had become acquainted with while having worked for Kyoto Nyokoba; thereafter, she became a direct disciple of Ennosai to become a master of the tea ceremony, and qualified as a tea ceremony instructor.
Japanese: この孤独な状況を支えたのが女紅場時代に知りあった円能斎であり、その後、円能斎直門の茶道家として茶道教授の資格を取得。
English: She was granted Chamei (a pseudonym specifically granted to a master of the tea ceremony), 'Sochiku NIIJIMA;' thereafter, she started tea ceremony classes for women in Kyoto to support herself and contributed to the propagation of the Urasenke school of tea ceremony.
Japanese: 茶名「新島宗竹」を授かり、以後は京都に女性向けの茶道教室を開いて自活し、裏千家流を広めることに貢献した。
English: Yae rendered services by serving as a volunteer nurse during the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, and as a result, she was awarded a silver cup at the enthronement ceremony held on the occasion of the Emperor Showa's accession to the throne in 1928.
Japanese: 日清戦争、日露戦争で篤志看護師となった功績により昭和3年（1928年）、昭和天皇の即位大礼の際に銀杯を授与される。
English: SOGA no Umako (male; born c. 551 and died on June 19, 626) was a politician during the Asuka period.
Japanese: 蘇我馬子（そがのうまこ、男性、欽明天皇13年（551年）？-推古天皇34年5月20日(旧暦)（626年6月19日））は飛鳥時代の政治家。
English: Although his name has a suffix 'ko,' Umako was a male ('ko' was used in names of men as well as women in ancient Japan).
Japanese: 「馬子」であるが男性である（当時は「子」が男女問わずに用いられた）。
English: He was appointed as a minister during the reign of Emperor Bidatsu and subsequently served four generations of emperors (Emperors Bidatsu, Yomei and Sushun and Empress Suiko), wielding political power for as long as 54 years and creating the golden age of the Soga clan.
Japanese: 敏達天皇のとき大臣に就き、以降、用明天皇、崇峻天皇、推古天皇の4代に仕え、54年に渡り権勢を振るい、蘇我氏の全盛時代を築く。
English: Although his birth year is unknown, his name Umako suggests the possibility that he was born in the year of the horse, and based on the official record left in "Kugyo Bunin" (Ancient Office Records), which records his service as a government officer as being 55 years, some people estimate that he was born around 550, which was the year of Kanoe uma (metal-horse year).
Japanese: 生年は不詳であるが、名前の「馬子」は午年生まれであることに因む可能性もあり、『公卿補任』に「在官五十五年」とあることから、550年の庚午年前後であろうと推定する人もいる。
English: SOGA no Kitashihime (the Queen of Emperor Kinmei) was his elder sister and SOGA no Oanegimi (the Queen of Emperor Kinmei) his younger sister, according to the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicle of Japan).
Japanese: 姉に蘇我堅塩媛（欽明天皇妃）、『日本書紀』では妹に蘇我小姉君（欽明天皇妃。
English: Umako's wife was a sister of MONONOBE no Yumige Omuraji (or MONONOBE no Moriya) according to the "Nihon Shoki," and in "Kishi Kacho" (Lineage of the Kishi Clan) and "Isonokamifuri Jingu Ryakusho" (A Brief History of Isonokamifuri Jingu Shrine: Lineage of the Shinto Priest FURU no Sukune), his wife was MONONOBE no Moriya's sister, 'Futohime,' while in "Sendai Kujihongi" (Ancient Japanese History): Lineage of the Mononobe and Soga Clans, it is written that his wife was MONONOBE no Kamatarihime Otoji (her father was MONONOBE no Moriya's half-brother, ISONOKAMI no Nieko Omuraji, and her mother MONONOBE no Moriya's sister Futohime).
Japanese: 妻は『日本書紀』では物部弓削大連（物部守屋）の妹、『紀氏家牒』・『石上振神宮略抄』神主布留宿禰系譜料では物部守屋妹の「太媛」、『先代旧事本紀』天孫本紀では物部鎌足姫大刀自（父は物部守屋の異母弟石上贄古大連、母は物部守屋同母妹の布都姫）とある。
English: His daughters included Kawakami no irazume (the Queen of Emperor Sushun), Hotei no irazume (the Queen of Prince Tamura) and Tojiko no irazume (Prince Shotoku's wife), and these relationships enabled him to exercise political power as a maternal relative of the imperial family.
Japanese: また、娘に河上娘（崇峻天皇妃）、法提郎女（田村皇子妃）、刀自古郎女（とじこのいらつめ）（聖徳太子妃）など、外戚となって権力をふるった。
English: In 584, KAFUKA no Omi and SAEKI no Muraji came to Japan from Baekje, an ancient kingdom in Korea, bringing with them a stone statue and a statue of Buddha.
Japanese: 敏達天皇13年（584年）百済から来た鹿深臣が石像一体、佐伯連が仏像一体を持っていた。
English: The two men from Baekje gave their statues to Umako at his request. They then sent his men, Datto SHIBA and IKEBE no Hita, to search for a Buddhist monk. The men finally found a former Buddhist monk from Koguryo, an ancient Korean country, who had been living in Harima Province.
Japanese: それを馬子が請うてもらい受け、司馬達等と池邊氷田を派遣して修行者を探させたところ、播磨国で高句麗人の恵便という還俗者を見つけ出した。
English: Umako asked this Buddhist monk to teach Buddhism to Datto SHIBA's daughter, Shima, so as to make her a Buddhist nun and to give her a Buddhist name Zenshin-ni, and Umako then asked Zenshin-ni to teach two other women and give them the Buddhist names of Zenzo-ni and Ezen-ni.
Japanese: 馬子はこれを師として、司馬達等の娘の嶋を得度させて尼とし善信尼となし、更に善信尼を導師として禅蔵尼、恵善尼を得度させた。
English: Upon falling ill in 585 (February of the 14th year of Emperor Bidatsu's reign), Umako was told by a fortune-teller that it was the curse of a Buddhist statue destroyed while his father Iname was in office.
Japanese: 敏達天皇14年2月（585年）、馬子は病になり、卜者に占わせたところ「父の稲目のときに仏像が破棄された祟りである」と言われた。
English: In March, MONONOBE no Moriya and NAKATOMI no Katsumi suggested to Emperor Bidatsu that the epidemic was caused by the worship of foreign gods, which led the emperor to declare that Buddhism should be abandoned.
Japanese: 3月、排仏派の物部守屋と中臣勝海が「蕃神を信奉したために疫病が起きた」と奏上し、敏達天皇は仏法を止めるよう詔した。
English: After Emperor Bidatsu's death, Prince Tachibana no Toyohi (Emperor Kinmei's son, whose mother was Umako's elder sister Katashihime) succeeded to the throne as Emperor Yomei.
Japanese: 橘豊日皇子（欽明天皇の皇子、母は馬子の姉の堅塩媛）が即位し、用明天皇となる。
English: However, Emperor Yomei's half-brother, Prince Anahobe, who aspired to ascend the throne, was dissatisfied with his brother's succession.
Japanese: 用明天皇の異母弟の穴穂部皇子は皇位に就きたがっており、不満を抱いた。
English: Prince Anahobe conspired with Moriya to kill MIWA no Sakau, a favorite retainer of the deceased Emperor Bidatsu.
Japanese: 穴穂部皇子は守屋と結び、先帝・敏達天皇の寵臣三輪逆（みわのさかう）を殺害させた。
English: In April 587, Emperor Yomei was taken ill and wished to worship the three divine treasures of Buddhism (the Buddhist law among others), thus he consulted his retainers.
Japanese: 用明天皇2年4月(587年)、用明天皇は病になり、三宝（仏法）を信仰することを欲し群臣に諮った。
English: While Moriya and NAKATOMI no Katsumi objected, Umako told Prince Anahobe to bring a Buddhist preacher named Toyokuni to the imperial court in accordance with Emperor Yomei's orders.
Japanese: 守屋と中臣勝海は反対したが、馬子は詔を奉ずべきとして、穴穂部皇子に豊国法師をつれて来させた。
English: Moriya was infuriated; however, knowing that many of the emperor's retainers were on Umako's side; he retreated to Kawachi Province.
Japanese: 守屋は怒ったが、群臣の多くが馬子の味方であることを知り、河内国へ退いた。
English: Although Moriya plotted to make Prince Anahobe succeed to the throne, Umako thwarted Moriya's plan by supporting Kashiyakihime (the Queen of Emperor Bidatsu) as the successor; she also killed Prince Anahobe.
Japanese: 守屋は穴穂部皇子を皇位につけようとしたが、同年6月、馬子が先手を打ち炊屋姫（敏達天皇の后）を奉じて穴穂部皇子を殺害した。
English: In July of the same year, Umako decided to drive Moriya out of power in consultation with other retainers and organized a large army comprising many princes and powerful local clans.
Japanese: 同年7月、馬子は群臣に諮り守屋を滅ぼすことを決め、諸皇子、諸豪族の大軍を挙兵した。
English: Umako's army attacked Moriya's territory in Shibukawa district, Kawachi Province, but the mighty warriors of the the Mononobe military clan, mounted stubborn resistance, fighting off Umako's army three times.
Japanese: 馬子軍は河内国渋川郡の守屋の居所を攻めるが軍事氏族の物部氏の兵は精強で稲城を築いて頑強に抵抗し、馬子軍を三度撃退した。
English: To pray for victory, Prince Shotoku carved statues of four Buddhist warrior deities and Umako built a Buddhist pagoda, making a vow to spread Buddhism in Japan.
Japanese: 聖徳太子が四天王像を彫り戦勝祈願し、馬子も寺塔を建立し、仏法を広めることを誓った。
English: Their prayers spurred Umako's army to mount an all-out offensive and TOMI no Ichii finally shot Moriya to death, bringing victory to Umako.
Japanese: 馬子軍は奮起して攻勢をかけ、迹見赤檮（とみのいちい）が守屋を射殺し、馬子は勝利した。
English: In 591, Emperor Sushun dispatched an army of 20,000 men to Tsukushi in consultation with Umako in order to regain territory in Imna. He also sent an envoy to Silla.
Japanese: 崇峻天皇4年（591年）崇峻天皇は馬子と諮り、任那の失地回復のため2万の軍を筑紫へ派遣し、使者を新羅へ送った。
English: Pointing to the boar, Emperor Sushun declared that he wished to chop off the head of the person he hated in the same way he would chop off the head of that boar; and, he gathered a large number of soldiers.
Japanese: 崇峻天皇は猪を指して「いつか猪の首を切るように、朕が憎いと思う者を斬りたいものだ」と発言し、多数の兵を召集した。
English: In November of the same year, Umako sent YAMATO no Aya no Koma, who was disguised as a messenger sent to deliver tributes from an eastern country, in order to assassinate Emperor Sushun.
Japanese: 同年11月、馬子は東国から調があると偽って、東漢駒（やまとのあやのこま）に崇峻天皇を殺害させた。
English: Umako made Queen Dowager Kashiyakihime succeed to the throne as the first empress in Japan, Empress Suiko.
Japanese: 馬子は皇太后であった炊屋姫を即位させ、初の女性天皇である推古天皇とした。
English: Governing in consultation with Prince Shotoku, Umako promoted the spread of Buddhism in Japan, drew up the Seventeen-Article Constitution to establish a centralized political system and sent Kenzui-shi (imperial envoys to China) to introduce advanced social systems and academic disciplines from China.
Japanese: 馬子は聖徳太子と合議して政治運営し、仏教を奨励し、冠位十二階や十七条憲法を定めて中央集権化を進め、遣隋使を派遣して隋の社会制度や学問を輸入した。
English: In 612, he held a ceremony to bury Kitashihime in the grave of Emperor Kinmei.
Japanese: 推古天皇20年（612年）堅塩媛を欽明天皇陵に合葬する儀式を行った。
English: In 620, Umako published Tenno Ki (Imperial History), Kokki (National History) and Omi Muraji Tomono Miyatsuko Kunino Miyatsuko Monoamariyaso tomo o Awasete Omitakara no Hongi (Records of Various Public Offices) with Prince Shotoku.
Japanese: 推古天皇28年（620年）聖徳太子と共に天皇記、国記、臣連伴造国造百八十部併公民等本記を記す。
English: While Umako cooperated with Prince Shotoku in establishing their ancient political system, he was on guard against the rising power of the emperor.
Japanese: 馬子は聖徳太子と協調した一方、聖徳太子の進めた天皇権力の強化を警戒していた。
English: In 623, Umako sent an army of several tens of thousands of men led by the Grand Commander, SAKAIBE no Omaro, to Silla in order to levy a tribute to the emperor.
Japanese: 推古天皇31年（623年）新羅の調を催促するため馬子は境部雄摩侶を大将軍とする数万の軍を派遣した。
English: In 624, Umako demanded Empress Suiko to give him Katsuragi no Agata, which was the military base of the Soga clan and a territory of the imperial family; however, Empress Suiko refused his demand, telling him that although she had yielded to all demands of Umako because she was a descendant of the Soga clan and Umako was her uncle, she would not be able to meet this particular demand.
Japanese: 推古天皇32年（624年）馬子は元は蘇我氏の本居で天皇家の領地となっていた葛城県の割譲を推古天皇に要求したが、推古天皇に「自分は蘇我氏の出で、大臣は伯父だから大臣の要求は何でも聞いたが、これだけは聞き入れられない」と拒否された。
English: It is generally accepted that the Momohara grave, where Umako was buried, is the Ishibutai Tomb, an ancient stone tomb found in Shimasho, Asuka-mura, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 馬子の葬られた桃原墓は、奈良県明日香村島之庄の石舞台古墳だとする説が有力である。
English: Some people also believe that the Shimasho Site, located several hundred meters to the west of the stone tomb, was part of Umako's residence.
Japanese: また、同古墳の西数百mの位置にある島庄遺跡について、邸宅の一部だったとする説がある。
English: Ennin (794-February 24, 864) was the 3rd head priest of the Tendai Sect.
Japanese: 円仁（えんにん、延暦13年（794年）-貞観(日本)6年1月14日(旧暦)（864年2月24日））は、第3代天台座主。
English: The son of the local ruling Mibu clan, he was born in 794, the first year of the Heian period, in Mibu town, Tsuga district, Shimotsuke Province, where Mibu-ji Temple (Mibu-machi, Tochigi Prefecture) now stands.
Japanese: 生年は794年（延暦13年）、平安時代の始まりと同じ年で、下野国都賀郡壬生町、現在の壬生寺(栃木県壬生町)の地に豪族壬生氏の子として生まれる。
English: His older brother recommended that he study Confucianism, but he showed an interest in Buddhism from an early age and entered Daiji-ji Temple at the age of nine to start his training.
Japanese: 兄からは儒学を勧められるが早くから仏教に心を寄せ、9歳で大慈寺に入って修行を始める。
English: The master of Daiji-ji Temple, Kochi, was an apprentice of Dochu, who had studied under Jianzhem (Ganjin in Japanese), though Dochu showed an early appreciation of Saicho and sent many pupils to study under Saicho.
Japanese: 大慈寺の師・広智は鑑真の直弟子道忠の弟子であるが、道忠は早くから最澄の理解者であって、多くの弟子を最澄に師事させている。
English: When Ennin was 15 years old, after hearing that Saicho had returned to Japan from Tang Dynasty China and founded Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, he immediately went to Mt. Hiei to study under Saicho.
Japanese: 15歳のとき、唐より最澄が帰国して比叡山延暦寺を開いたと聞くとすぐに比叡山に向かい、最澄に師事する。
English: Through his loyalty and devotion to study and training, Ennin earned the deep affection of Saicho, who was trying to establish the Tendai Sect in the face of a resurgence of Nara Buddhism and the prosperity of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism.
Japanese: 奈良仏教との反撃と真言密教の興隆という二重の障壁の中で天台宗の確立に立ち向かう師最澄に忠実に仕え、学問と修行に専念して師から深く愛される。
English: Ennin was one of ten pupils who learned about shikan meditation (using an annotated Lotus Sutra) from Saicho, and Ennin was the only disciple who was assigned to conduct lectures in place of his master.
Japanese: 最澄が止観（法華経の注釈書）を学ばせた弟子10人のうち、師の代講を任せられるようになったのは円仁ひとりであった。
English: He passed the state oral exam in 814 and left to become a monk the following year, when he was 21 years old.
Japanese: 814年（弘仁5年）、言試（国家試験）に合格、翌年得度（出家）する（21歳）。
English: In 816, when he was 23 years old, he was ordained, receiving the 250 Hinayana precepts, or gusokukai, in Todai-ji Temple, one of the Three Kaidan (Seats of Ordination).
Japanese: 816年（弘仁7年）、三戒壇の一つ東大寺で具足戒（小乗250戒）を受ける（23歳）。
English: Saicho's reason for taking this trip was to spread the newly established Tendai Sect's Hokke ichijo (Single Vehicle of the Lotus) teachings and to pick six locations throughout Japan to build hoto to serve as local religious and national medical service centres, following the One Thousand Edition Eight Thousand Volume Lotus Sutra sutra.
Japanese: 最澄のこの旅行は新しく立てた天台宗の法華一乗の教えを全国に広める為、全国に6箇所を選んでそこに宝塔を建て一千部八千巻の法華経を置いて地方教化・国利安福の中心地としようとするものであった。
English: Once Ennin began to teach bosatsukai (bodhisattva precepts) and gain pupils, he received daijokai (Mahayana precepts) himself on March 6, 817.
Japanese: 817年（弘仁8年）3月6日、菩薩戒を教授師として諸弟子に授けるとともに自らも大乗戒を受ける。
English: Honen, the founder of Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect), supposedly died while wearing the clothes of Ennin, whom he adored.
Japanese: 浄土宗の開祖法然は、私淑する円仁の衣をまといながら亡くなったという。
English: His first voyage in 836 was a failure and a second attempted voyage the following year was also unsuccessful.
Japanese: 836年（承和(日本)2年）、1回目の渡航失敗、翌837年（承和3年）、2回目の渡航を試みたが失敗した。
English: He travelled from Shikanoshima Island to Dong Liang Village in Yangzhou, arriving safely after eight days sailing, although one of the 'four ships' sank).
Japanese: 志賀島から揚州東梁豊村まで8日間で無事渡海する（しかし「四つの船」のうち1艘は遭難している）。
English: Although Ennin's vessel was fine, during disembarkation they lost the control of the ship and ran aground, leaving Ennin soaked through and the ship completely destroyed (from "Koki"(The Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law), July 2, 838 entry).
Japanese: 円仁の乗った船は助かったものの、船のコントロールが利かず渚に乗り上げてしまい、円仁はずぶ濡れ、船は全壊するという形での上陸だった（『行記』838年（開成4年）7月2日条）。
English: * The day of the landing, July 2nd of the 4th year of Kaicheng era for the Tang Dynasty was same as Japan's July 2nd of the 5th year of Jowa era.
Japanese: ※上陸日である唐の開成4年7月2日は日本の承和5年7月2日と日付が一致していた。
English: This was not surprising since both Japan and the Tang Dynasty used the same calendar, but Ennin was moved by the fact that the date was the same even on foreign soil ("Koki," July 2, 838 entry).
Japanese: 唐と日本で同じ暦を使っているのだから当然ではあるが、異国でも日付が全く同じであることに改めて感動している（『行記』838年（開成4年）7月2日条）。
English: He was the last of kentoshi to study in China but, since he was shoyakuso (a monk who stayed in Tang for a short period), he was not given a travel permit to Mt. Tiantai (perhaps because it was considered impossible due to his limited schedule) and he had no choice but to go back to Japan.
Japanese: 最後の遣唐使として唐に留学するが、もともと請益僧（短期の入唐僧）であったため目指す天台山へは旅行許可が下りず（短期の入唐僧の為日程的に無理と判断されたか）、空しく帰国せねばならない事態に陥った。
English: As a result, he decided on the dangerous course of leaving the group of kentoshi to illegally reside in China (Foreign monks were required to have a permit from the Tang emperor).
Japanese: そこで円仁は遣唐使一行と離れて危険をおかして不法在唐を決意する（外国人僧の滞在には唐皇帝の勅許が必要）。
English: The young Tiantai monk, Keibun (敬文), who as a child had seen Saicho staying at Mt. Tiantai, came all the way from Mt. Tiantai to visit Ennin.
Japanese: 天台山に居た最澄の姿を童子（子供）の時に見ていたという若い天台僧敬文が、天台山からはるばる円仁を訪ねてきた。
English: He stated that he had come to visit because hearing a high monk from Japan was visiting Yangzhou had rekindled some fond memories.
Japanese: 日本から高僧が揚州に来ているという情報を得て、懐かしく思って訪れて来たのだという。
English: He left the kentoshi group at Donghai in Haeju, but villagers considered him suspicious (he could not understand Chinese and although he claimed that 'I'm a Sillan monk,' he did not seem to speak Korean) and handed over to the government office after one night the village.
Japanese: 海州東海県で遣唐大使一行から離れ、一夜を過ごすも村人達に不審な僧だと警戒され（中国語通じず、「自分は新羅僧だ」と主張しているが新羅の言葉でもない様だ、怪しい僧だ）、役所に突き出されてしまう。
English: He was taken back to the kentoshi group ("Koki," April 10, 839 entry).
Japanese: 再び遣唐大使一行のところに連れ戻されてしまった（『行記』839年（開成4年）4月10日条）。