nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Coming from Kakegoto (gambling) and Shobugoto (game), Tomobiki is considered to mean 'draw with a friend in Shobugoto' derived from mixing with Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements).
Japanese: 賭け事、勝負事から入って来ており、友引とは「勝負事で友人と引き分ける」という意とされ、陰陽道との混淆に由来する。
English: In some regions, there is a custom of Sankaimawashi (turning three times), where they turn a coffin three times on site or let it circle the house three times before carrying the coffin out of the house.
Japanese: 三回まわしと言って、出棺する前に棺をその場で3回廻したり、建物を3回廻ったりして出棺する風習が一部地域で見ることがある
English: Furisen (scattering coins) and Furimochi (scattering rice cakes) is a custom where coins and rice cakes are dropped from a flower basket (with suspended strips of bamboo decorated with paper under the bamboo basket) during a funeral procession.
Japanese: 振り銭・振り餅葬列時に花籠（竹の籠から割った竹を幾本も垂らし、紙の飾りをつけた物）に銭や餅を入れ落としながら葬列する風習もある。
English: A Joso means a type of funeral ceremony which, when a poor person with no relatives or an unidentified person dies, is observed by the first class social welfare work, charitable institutions or incorporated nonprofit organizations instead of relatives or the persons concerned in his or her lifetime who do not observe a funeral ceremony.
Japanese: 助葬（じょそう）とは、身寄りのない生計困難者や身元不明の人などが死亡した後、生前の縁者や関係者によって葬儀が行われず、替わって社会福祉事業第1種社会福祉事業や慈善事業団体またはNPO法人などによって行われる形態の葬儀。
English: Even if the deceased was homeless and not a welfare recipient, the money to cover all the costs from cremation to Nokotsu (placing a person's ashes in a tomb) is provided to the organization or the funeral home responsible for the Joso within the limits of budget of each autonomous body as one of the public welfare service.
Japanese: ホームレスなどで生活保護などの支援を受けていなかった死者であったとしても、助葬を担う団体や葬儀屋には火葬から納骨までの費用を生活保護行政の一つとして各自治体が決めた定額内で支給される。
English: Ashes are laid to rest in a public cemetery or public tomb, which is the last stage of what we call, Joso.
Japanese: 共同墓地や共同納骨堂に遺骨は納められるがこの段階までを助葬と呼んでいる。
English: In November 1919, the Josokai Foundation was organized in Tokyo.
Japanese: 古くは1919年（大正8年）11月に東京で「財団法人助葬会」が設立されている。
English: In the middle of the 19th century, overseas Chinese and laborers who moved to Hong Kong, Shanghai or abroad used to observe Joso as a mutual support activity in the Chinese societies of people from the same province.
Japanese: また19世紀中頃には大陸地域から香港、上海や外国へ移住した華僑や労働者などは同郷の中国人社会で互助活動として助葬が行われていた。
English: The Terauke seido (the system in which the public should be registered in any one of designated temples to prove their Buddhist faith) started around 1635, which made all the Japanese people registered in their nearby temples.
Japanese: 1635年（寛永12年）ごろ、日本人全員を近くの寺に帰属させる寺請制度が始まった。
English: Around 1700, Ihai (ancestral tablets), Butsudan (Buddhist altar) and Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist names) were introduced and priests started attending funeral ceremonies (before that, a group of village communities called 'Soshikigumi' (funeral team) directed funeral ceremonies, prepared coffins and funeral accessories and set up an emergency kitchen).
Japanese: 1700年（元禄13年）年ごろには、位牌、仏壇、戒名といった制度が導入され、葬式に僧侶がつくようになった（それまでは「葬式組」と呼ばれる村落共同体のグループが葬式を仕切り、棺や装具をつくったり炊き出しをしたりしていた）。
English: Except for Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and Nichiren sect, a funeral ceremony is mainly for Jukai jobutsu (to enter a dead person into Nirvana by giving religious precepts) of a dead person in the Japanese Buddhism.
Japanese: 浄土真宗、日蓮宗を除き日本の仏教においては、葬儀は死者に対する授戒成仏が主たる意味を持つ。
English: That is, they regard the dead person as a person who experienced a religious awakening to become a disciple of the Buddha and enter the dead person into Nirvana by giving religious precepts in the ritual.
Japanese: つまり、死者を仏弟子となるべく発心した者とみなし、戒を授け成仏させるための儀式である。
English: As Jodo Shinshu sect, in its doctrine, has no commandments, commandments are not given and a Hosha (thanks for a virtue) prayer is offered praising Buttoku (the virtues of Buddha) and remembering a person who has died at the funeral ceremony.
Japanese: 浄土真宗では教義上、無戒のため授戒はなく、仏徳を讃嘆し、故人を偲びつつ報謝のまことをささげる儀式となる。
English: Due to the style of the sect, which resists superstitions, it does not observe in principle such folkways as selection of date and direction, a sword for protection, an upside-down folding screen, a burial kimono with the right side overlapping the left, sleeping with one's head toward the north, burial of six one-mon coins for the world of the dead and scattering of salt (mentioned later).
Japanese: 迷信を忌む宗風から、日や方角の吉凶を選ぶ、守り刀、逆さ屏風、左前の死装束、北枕、六文銭の副葬、振り塩（後述）などの習俗は、原則としておこなわない。
English: Since the Nichiren sect regards remembering the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) itself as following the commandments, commandments are not given anew after death, but, in some regions, a ritual for receiving the commandments is observed at Tsuya.
Japanese: 日蓮宗では法華経を受持すること自体がすでに戒を保つことであるとして死後あらためて受戒を行わないが、地域によっては通夜の際に受戒作法を行う場合もある。
English: While the process of a funeral ceremony is more or less different by sects and regions, a rough idea is that Makura-gyo (Death Guidance pillow sutra) is conducted soon after death, Yukan (cleanse a dead body with hot water for burial) is done, then Nokan (placing a dead body in a coffin) is done and then observe Tsuya.
Japanese: 葬儀の流れは宗派や地方により多少異なるが、大まかな流れは、まず死後すぐに枕経を行い湯灌（死体を拭き清める）をした上で納棺し通夜を行う。
English: These days, as people cannot frequently gather and funeral halls are used as sites, Shonanoka (a memorial service on the sixth day after someone's death) which is supposed to be observed seven days later is in many cases observed just after the funeral on the same day.
Japanese: 現代においては、会葬者が頻繁に集えないことや会場が葬儀場で営まれることなどから、本来7日後に行なう初七日を引き続いて行なうことが多い。
English: Shonanoka is in many cases observed at Bodaiji (the family temple) on the way home from the crematory or observed at home also as an offering of Buddhist sutras for the return of ashes.
Japanese: 初七日は火葬を終えて自宅に帰る途中に所属寺院（菩提寺）に立ち寄って行われるか、自宅に帰り、還骨のお経を兼ねて行われることが多い。
English: In the case of funerals of some celebrities, a Misso (private funeral) is observed first and then later a formal funeral is held, and Shonanoka is held after the formal funeral is finished.
Japanese: 有名人などの葬儀で、密葬を行ったうえで本葬を行う場合、本葬終了後に初七日を行うケースもある。
English: The surviving members of the family are supposed to observe a ceremony as a memorial for the dead every seven days for a 49 day period and the period is called Chuu (a period of mourning lasting seven weeks) or Chuin.
Japanese: 遺族は、死者の追善を7日ごとに49日間行うものとされ、この期間を中有または中陰と呼ぶ。
English: Today, it is rare to hold all of the memorial services of every seven days and, in many cases, they hold memorial services of only Shonanoka and Nanananoka (the 49th day from the date of one's death).
Japanese: 現代では、この7日ごとの法要を全て行うことは稀で、初七日と七七日の法要のみを行う場合が多い。
English: In some regions, in order to hold all the memorial services of every seven days from Shonanoka to Nanananoka, there are some cases in which priority is placed onto potential attendees' convenience and the date for the memorial service is changed to a Saturday or a Sunday.
Japanese: ただ、一部の地方によっては、初七日と七七日まで全て行えるように、参列者の都合を優先し、土曜日や日曜日に法要をずらすこともある。
English: The Nanananoka memorial service is generally called Danbarai (putting the funeral tools away from the funeral ceremony table) or Danbiki, which is derived from removing the Chuin-dan platform where ashes and Ihai of the dead have been placed.
Japanese: 七七日法要は一般に壇払い、または壇引きと呼ばれるもので、死者の遺骨や位牌を安置していた中陰壇を取り払うことからこのように呼ばれる。
English: As death is considered to be Kegare (impurity) in Shinto, and funerals are not usually held in a Shinto shrine which is sanctuary and in many cases it is held at the house of the dead or a funeral hall.
Japanese: 神道では死を穢れたものと考えるため、聖域である神社では葬式は通常おこなわず、故人の自宅か葬斎場で行うことが多い。
English: The current-style Shinto Funeral succeeds the Rules for Ritual Procedure, thought, tradition and so on of Shinto shrines and Shake (family of Shinto priests serving a shrine on a hereditary basis) which have been uninterruptedly handed down even secretly through the Edo period.
Japanese: 現在の形の神葬祭は江戸時代でも神葬祭を陰ながらも連綿と伝えてきた神社や社家の祭式、思想、伝統等を引き継いでいる。
English: In the ceremony, a portrait of a deceased person is placed by an altar at the center and a flag called Meiki (the funerary flag with which the name of the deceased, an official rank, etc. are described) is displayed behind the coffin placed at the rear of the altar in many cases.
Japanese: 式の際には、中央の祭壇の脇に遺影を置き、祭壇の奥に置かれた棺の後方に、銘旗と呼ばれる故人の名前が書かれた旗が立てられる場合が多い。
English: A rough idea of the general process of a ceremony is for a Shinto priest first to exorcise the surviving members of the family, those present and the site of evil spirits.
Japanese: 式の一般的な大まかな流れは、まず神官が遺族と参列者および会場を祓い清める。
English: The Shinto priest pronounces Saishi (eulogy) mentioning achievements done by the departed in his or her lifetime and remembering his illustrious memory, and asks the departed to protect the surviving members of the family as one of the Sorei.
Japanese: 神職は祭詞を奏上し、故人の生前の業績を述べ遺徳をしのびつつ、祖霊となって遺族を守ってくれるよう願う。
English: And, in Shinto, a grave is called 'Okutsuki' (Shinto tomb) and many families show their family names on their gravestones as 'Okutsuki of --family.'
Japanese: また神道では、墓所を「奥津城」「奥つ城」（おくつき）と呼び、墓石にも「○○家之奥津城（奥都城）」と表示している家が多い。
English: (Equivalent for Ihai in Buddhism) is enshrined in Mitamaya instead of Butsudan (a Buddhist alter).
Japanese: （仏教の位牌にあたる）を祀る場合は仏壇の代わりに御霊舎（みたまや）を置いている。
English: This is derived from Terauke seido which started in the Edo period and made Buddhist ritual funeral services popular.
Japanese: これは江戸時代に寺請制度（てらうけせいど）がはじまり、仏式による葬儀が一般化したことによる。
English: On the other hand, a movement to review the state of the time-honored Japanese funeral ceremony started in the Edo period and funeral ceremonies by Shinto came to be permitted generally in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 一方で江戸時代には、日本古来の葬儀のあり方を見直す運動が起こり、明治になって神道による葬儀を行うことが一般に認められるようになった。
English: Shinto Funerals are recently increasing in number due to the fact it is, in many cases, more economical than Buddhist funerals and due to the thought of returning to the time-honored Japanese Sorei shinko which has been handed down from the time before the Introduction of Buddhism.
Japanese: 最近では神葬祭が仏葬よりも経済的な場合が多い点や、仏教渡来以前からの日本古来の祖霊信仰に立ち返ろうとする思想などから増加傾向にある。
English: In Sect Shinto including Tenrikyo and Konkokyo sect, they have their own funeral ceremonies based on Shinto Funerals in many cases.
Japanese: 天理教・金光教などの教派神道においても、神葬祭を元にした独自の葬儀を持っていることが多い。
English: The view of funerals by the Roman Catholic Church can be read in "Constitutio de Sacra Liturgia," one of the documents of the Second Vatican Council which best indicates the current Roman Catholic ethos.
Japanese: カトリック教会における葬儀観は、現代のカトリック教会の精神をもっともよく表している第2バチカン公会議の文書の一つ『典礼憲章』から読み取ることができる。
English: The document stipulates 'Funeral rites should express more clearly the paschal character of Christian death, and should correspond more closely to the circumstances and traditions found in various regions. This also applies to the liturgical color to be used' (Article 81).
Japanese: 同文書では「葬儀はキリスト信者の死の過ぎ越しの性格をより明らかに表現し、典礼色も含めて各地方の状況と伝統によりよく適応したものでなければならない」（81条）としている。
English: The current funerals of the Roman Catholic Church are observed according to the funeral rites which were revised by the above document and published in 1969 as the Catholic liturgical book "Ordo exsequiarum" and is translated into several foreign languages, and two characteristics can be mentioned as compared with the view of funerals before the revision.
Japanese: 現代のカトリック教会における葬儀は、この文書をうけて改訂され、1969年に発表されたカトリック教会の儀式書『葬儀』およびその各国語訳に基づいておこなわれているが、それ以前のものと比べると二つの特徴をあげることができる。
English: The first one is: it is declared that 'Funeral rites should express the paschal character of Christian death.'
Japanese: まず、第一は葬儀が「キリスト信者の過越しの性格を表現するもの」であると宣言されていることである。
English: In other words, death is not a complete end of human beings and by believing in Jesus Christ one's wishes for eternal life and rebirth are granted.
Japanese: つまり死が人間にとって完全な終わりではなく、キリストを信じることで永遠の命と復活への希望に入るものとなるということである。
English: The Catholic Church used to emphasize only in arousing fear of the Last Judgment, Purgatory and Hell after death, however such a way of thinking as above had been revised by this view.
Japanese: かつてのカトリック教会では、死と関連して死後の審判や煉獄や地獄の恐怖のみが強調されてきたが、そのような考え方もこの視点によって修正された。
English: In relation to this, hymns and so on sang in mass for the dead (Requiems) were abolished due to content which had deviated from the original view of life and death of Christianity.
Japanese: これと関連して葬儀ミサ（レクイエム）で歌われた続唱などが、その内容がキリスト教本来の死生観から外れたものとして廃止されている。
English: The second one is: funeral rites of the Roman Catholic Church are not in uniform style throughout the world but flexible enough to correspond to the culture in various regions.
Japanese: 第二の特徴は、カトリック教会の葬儀は全世界一律でなく地域の文化に合わせる柔軟さを持っているということである。
English: According to this philosophy, Shoko (to burn incense) and Kenka (to offer flowers) are performed in the Catholic funeral rites in Japan, which indicates close attention is paid to the fact that non-Catholic attendees are a majority in many cases.
Japanese: この精神に従って日本での葬儀では焼香や献花が行われ、カトリック信徒でない参列者が多数を占めることが多いという現実が配慮されている。
English: Specifically, the following points can be mentioned: that the terms and peculiar expressions used in the funeral rites are avoided as much as possible and that a 'Liturgy of the Word' can be observed instead of a mass in case most of the attendees are non-Catholic.
Japanese: 具体的には葬儀で用いられる用語や固有の表現は可能な限り避けられ、参列者のほとんどがカトリック信徒でない場合はミサに代えて「ことばの祭儀」を行いうることなどがあげられる。
English: Catholic funeral rites are an occasion to pray for the deceased as well as to pray for the surviving members.
Japanese: カトリック教会における葬儀は、死者のために祈ることももちろんであるが、残された生者のために祈る場でもある。
English: It is also not only an occasion to pray to God to encourage the surviving members of the family in their grief, but also an occasion to reconfirm the faith that, as human beings who believe in Jesus Christ, they can be resurrected after death as He had.
Japanese: 神が悲しみのうちにある遺族を励ましてくださるよう祈ると同時に、キリストに結ばれたものとして、キリストが死んで復活したように自分たちもキリストの死と復活にあずかることができるという信仰を再確認する場でもある。
English: According to the above philosophy of corresponding to the regional culture, the process of 'Tsuya' and 'Funeral ceremony' is followed in the Catholic funeral rites in Japan.
Japanese: 先にのべたように地域の文化への適応という考え方から、現代の日本におけるカトリック教会の葬儀では、「通夜」および「葬儀」という流れに沿って行われる。
English: In Tsuya, reading of the Bible, singing of the hymns, praying for the deceased, Kenka into the coffin, Kenka or Shoko by those present, a speech by a representative of the surviving family and so on are performed.
Japanese: 通夜では聖書の朗読、聖歌、死者のための祈り、棺への献香と参加者による献花あるいは焼香、遺族代表のあいさつなどが行われる。
English: While the funeral rites are observed in a church as a funeral mass in many cases, some are observed at home depending on circumstances.
Japanese: 葬儀は教会での葬儀ミサという形で行われることが多いが、状況に応じて自宅で行われる場合もある。
English: And, when most of the attendees are non-Catholic, a simple form named 'Liturgy of the Word' is observed instead of a mass taking the attendees into account.
Japanese: また、参列者のほとんどがカトリック信徒でない場合などは参列者に配慮してミサに代えて「ことばの祭儀」という簡略な形での葬儀が行われる。
English: A funeral mass is different from a regular mass in that the site is decorated properly for funeral rites and a part of the Bible to be read, hymns, prayers, contents of the sermon and so on are selected adequately for funeral rites.
Japanese: 一般的な葬儀ミサと通常のミサとの違いは、会場が葬儀にふさわしく装飾されることと、聖書の朗読箇所・聖歌・祈り・説教の内容などが葬儀にあわせて選ばれるということである。
English: In Kokubetsushiki, introduction of the deceased, memorial address, presentation of telegram of condolences, Shoko or Kenka and a speech by a representative of the surviving family are performed.
Japanese: 告別式では一般的な葬儀と同様に、故人の紹介、弔辞、弔電の紹介、焼香あるいは献花、遺族代表のあいさつなどが行われる。
English: The color of vestments of a priest (a deacon) in a Tsuya and funeral rites are usually white but, in special occasions, it is sometimes purple or black.
Japanese: 通夜および葬儀の時に用いる司祭（助祭）の祭服の色は通常は白であるが、特別な場合は紫や黒を用いることもある。
English: Corresponding to the Japanese custom of performing a memorial service for the deceased on a certain day after death, a ceremony called 'Anniversary of death' is sometimes held where a mass and prayers are performed for the deceased.
Japanese: また、死後特定の日に集まって故人を弔う日本の習慣にあわせ、「命日祭」という名前で故人のためのミサや祈りの集いが行われることもある。
English: As for Protestant funerals in the West, only funerals and burial worship in the daytime are observed in many cases.
Japanese: プロテスタントの葬儀は欧米では日中の葬儀・埋葬礼拝のみであることが多い。
English: In Japan, to meet the convenience of attendees accustomed to the style of Buddhist funerals, quite a number of rituals are held for two days, on the night before and on the day.
Japanese: 日本においては仏教の葬儀様式に慣れた参列者の便宜を図り、前夜と当日との2日にわたって典礼を行うことが少なくない。
English: The ritual on the night before is called a 'Funeral wake,' 'Prayer on the night before' and so on rather than 'Tsuya' which means keeping a night watch for the deceased to perform an incantation.
Japanese: この前夜の式典は、呪術的な必要から遺体を不寝番することを意味する「通夜」を避け、「前夜式」「前夜の祈り」などと呼ぶ。
English: As the ritual of Kokubetsushiki is a worship itself, the program is basically the same as a usual Sunday worship, and it indicates one aspect of the various denominations of Christianity which regard the worship as the last one observed on earth for the deceased.
Japanese: 告別式の式典は礼拝そのものであるため、その式次第は基本的に通常の日曜日の礼拝と同じであり、故人が地上で行う最後の礼拝と意味付けるキリスト教諸教派の一覧もある。
English: Therefore, it is basically observed in a church and consists of prayers, reading of the Bible, a sermon, hymns, a blessing and so on.
Japanese: 従って、基本的に教会堂で行われ、祈祷、聖書朗読、説教、賛美歌、祝福などにより構成される。
English: In many cases, a memorial address by a friend and so on, speech by a surviving member of the family, Kenka and so on are added.
Japanese: これに付随して、友人などによる追悼の辞、遺族の挨拶、献花などが追加されることが多い。
English: Presentation of a brief personal history of the deceased, sharing of memories and so on are sometimes included in a sermon by a pastor or are sometimes separated as independent items.
Japanese: 故人の略歴の紹介・記憶の披露などは、牧師の説教に組み入れられることも別個の項目となることもある。
English: It means that the soul of the person leaves the body in this world and is called by God and Jesus Christ in Heaven, and it is only a preparation to be resurrected when Jesus Christ descends to earth again (from this, in the various denominations of Protestantism, the death of a believer is sometimes called 'Shoten' (called to Heaven) (not Shoten (going to heaven)).
Japanese: 人の霊が地上の肉体を離れ、天にいる神とイエス・キリストのところに召されることであり、イエス・キリストの再臨において復活するための準備に過ぎない（このことからプロテスタント諸教派では信徒の死を「召天」と呼ぶことがある(昇天ではない)）。
English: Therefore, the death of a person means a temporary parting with the deceased before a reunion in Heaven.
Japanese: したがって、死とは、天国において故人と再会できるまでの一時の別れである。
English: Those left behind in this world (the surviving members such as the bereaved family) feel lonely after the parting and need to be consoled, however, it is explained that the death itself is not to be mourned.
Japanese: 地上に残された者（遺族などの生存者）にとっては、その別れが寂しく慰められるべき事であるが、死そのものは悲しむべき事ではないと説明される。
English: In Japan, where the Christian population is small, the majority of the attendees as well as the surviving family members are not expected to be Christians, thus, rather than insistence of the principle of religious purity, priority is placed on consideration for those who consider the regional customs important.
Japanese: キリスト教徒の比率が低い日本では、参列者はもとより遺族すらキリスト教徒で占められる事は期待できないため、宗教的純潔主義の主張より地域の習俗を重んじる者らへの配慮が優先される。
English: While a Funeral Wake was set up as above, Kenka filled in for Shoko, 'Ohanaryo' (monetary offering to the departed soul) as Choikin (condolence money) for 'Koden' (condolence gift), 'Butsuzen' (condolence gift) and so on were all worked out on the same purpose and were religiously authorized later.
Japanese: 前夜式を設定したことは既出だが、焼香に代わる献花、「香典」「仏前」に代わる弔慰金の名目「御花料」などは皆その為に案出され、後に信仰的意義付けを為したものである。
English: For the same reason, on 'Tomobiki' of Rokuyo, funeral rites are avoided, which is due to the unavoidable circumstances that most crematories are closed.
Japanese: 同様の理由で六曜「友引」には葬儀を控えるが、これには大抵の火葬場が休業であるという止むを得ない事情もある。
English: The funeral rites of the Orthodox Church, also called the Greek Orthodox Church are called burial rites which consist of litany and unaccompanied vocal hymn (the hymns of the Orthodox Church are unaccompanied vocal in principle).
Japanese: ギリシャ正教とも呼ばれる正教会の葬儀は、埋葬式と呼ばれ、連祷と無伴奏声楽の聖歌から構成されている（正教会の聖歌は無伴奏声楽が原則である）。
English: They are performed to pray for a deceased believer of the Orthodox Church to receive God's pardon and go into Heaven, where the deceased is remembered by God and given eternal resurrected life.
Japanese: 永眠した正教徒が、神からの罪の赦しを得て天国に入り、神からの記憶を得て、永遠の復活の生命に与ることを祈願するものである。
English: In the Orthodox Church, panikhída (memorial service) which is observed the night before is considered an important tradition handed down from the first church and it is not much avoided to call it a Tsuya (the term 'panikhída' is, in the first place, derived from 'prayer throughout the night').
Japanese: なお正教会においては前晩に行われるパニヒダは初代教会から大事にされた伝統であるとされ、前晩のパニヒダを通夜と呼ぶ事もあまり忌避されない（「パニヒダ」の語源がそもそも「夜通しの祈り」という意味である）。
English: Although a burial is normal, a cremation is unavoidably observed in the Orthodox Church in Japan due to various circumstances.
Japanese: 土葬が基本であるが、日本ハリストス正教会では諸々の事情により止むを得ず火葬が行われている。
English: In the Orthodox Church, the terms 'eternal sleep,' 'go to one's final resting place,' and 'person in eternal sleep' are used instead of 'death,' 'died,' and 'the dead.'
Japanese: 正教会では「逝去」「無くなられた」「故人」ではなく、それぞれ「永眠」「永眠された」「永眠者」の語が用いられる。
English: This is because death is considered, in the Orthodox Church, to be a temporary sleep before a resurrected life is given in the next world.
Japanese: これは、正教会においては死は来世の復活の生命に与るまでの一時的な眠りとして捉えられている為である。
English: It is because a standing position is traditionally considered to represent 'Resurrected life is given and stands up.'
Japanese: 起立する姿勢は伝統的に「復活の生命に与って立つ」ことを象徴するとされるからである。
English: Not only the priest, the deacon and Eitai (Seikatai (choir)) but also Santosha (participant in a prayer) are required to stay standing during the burial rites.
Japanese: 従って司祭・輔祭・詠隊（聖歌隊）は勿論、参祷者も埋葬式の間は継続して立ち続ける事が求められている。
English: Koro (incense burner) is used also in the Orthodox Church as an important custom, but it is the priest and the deacon who handle Furikoro (censer) and Santosha never touch Koro.
Japanese: 正教会でも香炉は用いられて大切な習慣と位置付けられるが、振り香炉を扱うのは司祭と輔祭であり、参祷者が香炉に触れる事は無い。
English: In the burial rites, after the deacon or the priest recites a prayer loudly for repose of the soul of the person in eternal sleep, Eitai (Seikatai) sing a poem named 'Eternal memory' three times repeatedly and the rites finish.
Japanese: 埋葬式は、輔祭もしくは司祭が、永眠者の霊（たましい）の安息を祈願する祈祷文を朗誦した後、詠隊（聖歌隊）が「永遠の記憶」という詞を三回繰り返し歌う事で終結する。
English: It is a prayer for the person in eternal sleep to be remembered by God and for Santosha to keep remembering the person in eternal sleep and to continue to pray for the person in eternal sleep.
Japanese: 神が永眠者を記憶する祈願であり、かつ参祷者が永眠者を記憶し続け、永眠者の為に祈り続けることを促すものである。
English: In Islam, based on obedience to the God, Allah, death is considered to be a temporary parting and resurrection is believed to take place on the day of judgment by Allah.
Japanese: イスラーム教は神アッラーへの服従、死は一時的な別れとしアッラーの審判の日に復活をすると信じられる。
English: Depending on the law in the place of death, the body of the deceased is wrapped in a white sheet without a coffin and buried.
Japanese: 死亡した場所の法律にもよるが白い布に包まれ棺は必要とせず土葬される。
English: Originally, the religious group of Confucianism was formed by people who taught various customs regarding funeral ceremonies as above.
Japanese: 元々儒教教団はそう言った葬儀に関する様々なしきたりを教授するための人から生まれたものである。
English: In the view of life and death of Confucianism, when a person dies, his or her soul is separated into two souls, Kon (the positive soul which came from the heavens) and Haku (the negative spirit managing flesh).
Japanese: 儒教の死生観では人は死ぬと魂（こん）と魄（はく）と言う二つのたましいに別れる。
English: Those survived make an Ihai (ancestral tablets) for worshipping Kon and enshrine it and bury the body in the earth as the place Haku returns to.
Japanese: 残された者たちは魂を祀る為に位牌を作って廟に祀り、魄の戻る場所として地中に遺体を埋める。
English: This ritual, in which the world the Kon of the deceased finally reaches, is observed with hope that the deceased will come back to this world.
Japanese: この儀式で死者の魂が最後に到達する世界はこの世であり、再びこの世に生まれ変わってきて欲しいとの願いを込めている。
English: In addition, a banknote (an imitation for funerals which is unusable is used) is burned to console the soul of the deceased.
Japanese: また、紙幣(通貨として使用できない葬儀用の模造品を使う）を燃して死者の魂を慰める。