nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Masayoshi TAKEDA joined the Kenmu government and was certified as Kai no Shugo, but died in a battle field in 1343.
Japanese: 武田政義は建武政権に加わり甲斐守護を安堵されたが1343年に戦死している。
English: There are some historical materials showing his relation to Kai Province such as the donation to Ichiren-ji Temple in 1346 and the like.
Japanese: 貞和2年（1346年）に一蓮寺へ行った寄進をはじめ甲斐国との関係を示す史料が見られる。
English: A historical material that shows his appointment as Kai no Shugo amid the Kanno Disturbance which broke out due to the conflict between shogun Takauji and his younger brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, implicates Nobutake's entrance into Kai Province to hunt down and kill Tadayoshi.
Japanese: 将軍尊氏と実弟足利直義の対立から発生した観応の擾乱の最中には甲斐守護への補任を示す史料が見られ、直義追討のため甲斐へ入国したと考えられている。
English: Takauji strongly trusted Nobutake; in Takauji's plan to construct Tenryu-ji Temple, Nobutake cooperated in the construction together with Ogasawara clan who was Shinano Shugo.
Japanese: 尊氏の信頼が篤く、尊氏が天竜寺を造営しようとした際には信濃守護小笠原氏らと造営に協力している。
English: He died in 1359 according to the ihai (Buddhist mortuary tablet) in Hosen-ji Temple in Kofu City.
Japanese: 没年は甲府市の法泉寺(甲府市)の位牌によれば延文4年（1359年）である。
English: According to a family register of deaths of Ichiren-ji Temple or Ketsuo Zeei Goroku (sayings), he died in 1362.
Japanese: 一蓮寺過去帳や傑翁是英語録によれば康安2年（1362年）であるという。
English: Nobutake died in the next year and his son Nobunari TAKEDA took over; Nobutake's second son Ujinobu inherited Aki Shugo.
Japanese: 翌年に死去し、跡を子の武田信成が継承し、安芸守護は次男の氏信が継承した。
English: Nobutake was an educated man and good at Waka (Japanese poetry); his masterpieces are included in "Shin-senzai Wakashu" (New Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years).
Japanese: 和歌に優れた教養人でもあり、『新千載和歌集』には信武の作品が修められている。
English: Kagenori UENO (January 8, 1845 - April 11, 1888) was a Japanese diplomat.
Japanese: 上野景範（うえのかげのり、天保15年12月1日(旧暦)（1845年1月8日）-明治21年（1888年）4月11日）は日本の外交官。
English: He had mastered English and was in charge of the issue of the Japanese immigrants of 1868 in Hawaii and other matters.
Japanese: 英学に明るく、明治維新後に、ハワイ王国の元年者移民問題などに当たる。
English: In May 1873, a written opinion was submitted to the Cabinet concerning the issue to conclude a Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with the Yi Dynasty Korea; this was the beginning of Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) and caused the Coups of 1873
Japanese: 1873年（明治6年）5月、内閣に提議した李氏朝鮮との日朝修好条規締結問題における意見書は、征韓論の端緒となり、明治六年政変を引き起こすこととなる。
English: Kagenori was born in January 8, 1845 as the first son in Shioyacho Town in the Satsuma Domain, and commonly called Keisuke.
Japanese: 天保15年（1844年）12月1日、薩摩藩塩屋町にて長男として出生、通称敬助。
English: In 1863, he encountered the group of Nagaoki IKEDA, the Mission to Europe, dispatched by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) when they were visiting to the Shanghai port, and attempted to go to Europe together with them, but failed.
Japanese: 翌3年（1863年）幕府の遣欧使節・池田長発一行の上海市寄港に遇し、渡欧を企てるも失敗。
English: In 1864, Kagenori became Kutoshi (a teacher of the elementary level) in 'Kaiseijo,' a Western studies education school, established by the Satsuma Domain and taught English to Arinori MORI (the first Minister of the Minister of Education, one of the Meiji six greatest educators, and the founder of the Commercial Training Institute [the present Hitotsubashi University]) and others.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）、薩摩藩が設立した洋学教育学校「開成所」にて句読師となり、森有礼（初代文部大臣・明治六大教育家・商法講習所【現在の一橋大学】の創設者）等に英語を教える。
English: In 1865, Kagenori served as the interpreter with Thomas WALTERS, an Irish "Surveyor General," who was involved with the construction of a sugar refining plant in the Amami-Oshima Island.
Japanese: 慶応元年（1865年）、奄美大島の製糖工場建設に携わったアイルランド人建築技術者・トーマス・ウォートルスの通訳を務める。
English: In 1868, he was appointed to Goyogakari (a general affairs official) in Foreign Affairs Bureau under the patronage of Munenori TERASHIMA in the New Meiji Government.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）、寺島宗則の引きにより、明治新政府において外国事務局御用掛。
English: He was dispatched to Hong Kong from March 1868 to 1869 to purchase the first mint machine in Japan.
Japanese: 同年3月-明治2年（1869年）、我が国最初の造幣器械購入のため香港差遣。
English: In May 1869, Kagenori was appointed to Tomyodaigakari (an official at the lighthouse, the present Japan Coast Guard Research Center) and additionally to the Customs.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）4月、燈明台掛（後の海上保安試験研究センター）・税関に兼勤。
English: He was involved with the construction of Mikomotoshima Lighthouse (Shizuoka Prefecture), Kashinozaki Lighthouse (Wakayama Prefecture), Iojima Lighthouse (Nagasaki Prefecture), Mutsureshima Lighthouse (Yamaguchi Prefecture), Satamisaki Lighthouse (Kagoshima Prefecture), and others together with Richard Henry BRUNTON, a British civil engineer.
Japanese: イギリス人土木技師・リチャード・ヘンリー・ブラントンとともに、神子元島灯台（静岡県）、樫野埼灯台（和歌山県）、伊王島灯台（長崎県）、六連島灯台（山口県）、佐多岬灯台（鹿児島県）等の建築に携わる。
English: In August 1869, Kagenori discussed with Shigenobu OKUMA who was Okura no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury), Hiroshi NAKAI, Hisanari MACHIDA, etc. concerning new currency issuance at the residence of Okuma (Later Okuma decided to consign the new mint's design to Natsuo KANO in metal carving, Tomoo MASUDA and two other people who were all Kano's apprentices, and the calligraphic characters to Tanko ISHII, a calligrapher who worked for the Ministry of Treasury.)
Japanese: 同年7月、新貨幣発行に関し、大蔵大輔・大隈重信の邸宅にて大隈・中井弘・町田久成等と協議（後に大隈は新貨幣の図案を彫金の加納夏雄と弟子の益田友雄他2名に、文字を大蔵省に勤めている書家の石井単香に委託することを決定）。
English: The first Japanese immigrants in the Kingdom of Hawaii, so-called 'Japanese settlers of 1868,' had faced various problems in the field including labor environment, and after this was internationally reported, the government ordered Kagenori to go off to Hawaii as Envoy Extraordinary.
Japanese: ハワイ王国へ集団移住した初めての日本人、いわゆる「元年者」が現地にて労働環境など様々な問題に直面し、それが国際的に報道されたため、政府の命により特命全権公使としてハワイに赴く。
English: The 40 Japanese who were hoping to return and other 3 left for Japan, and the Kingdom of Hawaii firmly promised to dismiss Van REED, the General to Japan in Hawaii, who had recruited the immigrants.
Japanese: 帰国希望の日本人40名、他3名が帰国し、王国側は移民の募集を行ったハワイ国駐日総領事・ヴァン・リードの罷免を確約。
English: He was dispatched to Britain from June 1870 to September 1871 as Okura taijo (Senior Secretary of the Minister of the Treasury) and Special Commissioner.
Japanese: 同年6月-明治4年（1871年）8月、大蔵大丞、特別弁務使として英国差遣。
English: In a contract concerning the fund raising, the engineer employment, etc. concluded for constructing railways between the Japanese government and Nelson LAY, the former Inspector General in the Qing dynasty (a friend of Harry PARKES, the British Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan), Lay's fraud was exposed, and therefore, Hirobumi ITO, Okura no shofu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of the Treasury) ordered Kagenori to go off to Britain to cancel the contract.
Japanese: 鉄道敷設のために日本政府がネルソン・レー・前清総税務司（駐日英公使ハリー・パークスの友人）との間に結んだ資金借入・技術者雇用等に関する契約において、レーによる不正行為が発覚した件で、大蔵少輔・伊藤博文の命を受け英国に赴き、契約を破棄する。
English: Kagenori successfully concluded a foreign bond subscription contract for railway construction with the British Oriental Bank.
Japanese: 英国東洋銀行（オリエンタルバンク）との間で鉄道建設用外債募集契約に成功。
English: Around this time, he carried out railway construction with Masaru INOUE, a railway official in Minbusho, Edmund MOREL, a British chief engineer, and others (In June 12, 1872, the first Japanese railway tentatively opened for 18 miles between 'Shiodome Station [former Japan National Railways] and Sakuragicho Station).
Japanese: この前後、民部鉄道掛の井上勝、英国人技師長エドモンド・モレル達と共に鉄道敷設工事を進める（明治5年（1872年）5月7日には日本初の鉄道「汐留駅(国鉄)-桜木町駅」間18マイルが仮開業）。
English: Kagenori served as the first director of the tax office in the Yokohama Customs from October 1871 to March 1872.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）9月、横浜市税関・初代運上所長官（～5年2月）。
English: Around this time, he married Ikuko UENO, the first daughter of Seizaburo YASOOKA, a former retainer of shogun, and later had four children.
Japanese: この前後旧幕臣八十岡清三郎の長女上野幾子と結婚、後に4人の子供をもうける。
English: In July 1872, he submitted a proposal to the Central State Council to found a paper industry (later Shoshi Kaisha, current Oji Paper Co., Ltd.) in the joint names including Eichi SHIBUSAWA, Eiichi KOREZUKI, and Kaoru INOUE.
Japanese: 同年6月、渋沢栄一・是月栄一・井上馨達と連名で、正院に製紙事業を興すための建議を行う（後の抄紙会社、現在の王子製紙）。
English: He served in the United States (as Third-Rank Envoy, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Deputy Chief of Foreign Ministry) from October 1872 to 1873.
Japanese: 同年9月-明治6年（1873年）、アメリカ合衆国在勤（弁理公使・外務少輔・外務卿代理）。
English: In 1873, Harry PARKES, the British Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan, visited Kagenori concerning the issue of territorial right in the Ogasawara Islands.
Japanese: 明治6年（1873年）、小笠原諸島の領有権問題に関し、駐日英公使ハリー・パークスの訪問をうける。
English: In March 25, 1873, Kagenori submitted a report to escalate the establishment of facilities for imported drug testing (later Tokyo Reagent Lab) to the government.
Japanese: 同年3月25日、輸入薬品試験を行う施設の設立を求める上申書を政府に提出（後の東京試薬場）。
English: In June 12, 1873, he attended a cabinet meeting for the issue concerning the Japanese people in Korea, which had been submitted to the cabinet as a proposal.
Japanese: 同年6月12日、内閣に議案として提出した在朝鮮を巡る問題について開かれた閣議に出席。
English: He presented a draft created by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which stated 'Whether or not to leave Korea, or to conclude a Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity to protect the settlers even by exerting a military power.'
Japanese: 「朝鮮より退去するか、居留民保護のため武力を用いてでも日朝修好条規を締結するか」という旨の外務省案を提示。
English: In 1879, Kagenori's five-month-old third son died due to illness on the way home and was buried in Aden (a city in the present Republic of Yemen).
Japanese: 明治12年（1879年）、帰国途中、5ヶ月の三男が病死、アデンにて埋葬。
English: Concerning the issue to visit the Utsuryo Island, he received a protest from Yi Dynasty Korea as the Deputy Chief of Foreign Ministry in the same year.
Japanese: 同年、鬱陵島の渡航問題に関し、李氏朝鮮より外務卿代理として抗議を受ける。
English: Kagenori served in Austria from July 1882 to September 1884 as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
Japanese: 明治15年（1882年）7月-明治17年（1884）9月、オーストリア在勤（特命全権公使）。
English: Tokuhime (November 11, 1559 - February 16, 1636) was the eldest daughter of Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 徳姫（とくひめ、1559年11月11日（永禄2年10月12日(旧暦)）-1636年2月16日（寛永13年1月10日(旧暦)））は、織田信長の長女。
English: It is believed that her real mother was Kitsuno IKOMA, but some historical materials show an implication of misidentification as it is said in "Odake Zatsuroku" (Oda Family's Miscellaneous Records) that she was an older sister of Nobutada.
Japanese: 生母は生駒吉乃といわれているが、『織田家雑録』には信忠の姉となっているなど、生母が生駒吉乃であることに矛盾を示唆する史料もある。
English: She gave birth to Tokuhime (Princess Toku) in 1576 and Kumahime (Princess Kuma) in 1577.
Japanese: 天正4年（1576年）には、登久姫を、天正5年（1577年）には熊姫を産む。
English: It is said that since Tukiyama-dono, Tokuhime's mother-in-law, was worried that Tokuhime did not give birth to a legitimate child for a long time after marriage, she made Nobuyasu marry a female servant who was a daughter of an ex-vassal of the Takeda clan Masatoki ASAHARA, which led to discord between Tukiyama-dono and Tokuhime.
Japanese: しかし、いつまでも嫡子が生まれぬのを心配した姑の築山殿が､信康に元武田氏家臣の浅原昌時の娘で、部屋子をしていた女性を側室に迎えさせたため、この時から築山殿と徳姫が不和になったといわれている。
English: Considering that Tukiyama-dono and Tokuhime stayed in different castles and it was the time when having concubines was broadly accepted, it is hard to believe that it became a cause of discord between a mother-in-law and her daughter-in-law.
Japanese: が、築山殿と徳姫は居城が別であり、また側室がいることが当たり前の時代においてそのようなことで嫁姑の仲がこじれたということは考えにくい。
English: However, "Ietada Nikki" (the Diary of a vassal Ietada MATSUDAIRAl), which is served as a historical material proving discord between Tokuhime and Nobuyasu, says that Ieyasu came to Okazaki to mediate between Tokuhime and Nobuyasu.
Japanese: しかし徳姫と信康が不仲であったことを示す史料として家臣の日記である『家忠日記』の中に、家康が信康、徳姫の不仲を仲裁するために岡崎へやって来た、と記されている。
English: The diary also says that Nobunaga, too, came to Okazaki at that time, which brings a speculation that Nobunaga might have been worrying the relationship between his daughter and his son-in-law.
Japanese: その頃信長も岡崎にやってきたことも記されており、信長も娘夫婦の仲を心配してやってきた可能性も推測できる。
English: One can say that the discord between Tokuhime and Nobuyasu was a historical fact even if it was temporary.
Japanese: 一時的にせよ夫婦仲がこじれたことがあったことは事実であるといえよう。
English: In 1579, Tokuhime sent her father, Nobunaga, a petition of twelve clauses that accused Tukiyama-dono and Nobuyasu of their guilty acts including a sneaky liaison with Takeda.
Japanese: 天正7年（1579年）に徳姫は父の信長に、築山殿と信康の罪状（武田との密通など）を訴える十二ヶ条の訴状を書き送った。
English: After reading this petition, Nobunaga gave the order to kill Nobuyasu via Tadatsugu SAKAI, Ieyasu's envoy who was staying in the Azuchi castle.
Japanese: この訴状を読んだ信長は、安土城に滞在していた家康の使者である酒井忠次を通して信康の殺害を命じた。
English: Tsukiyama-dono was killed at Koyabu Village on September 19, and Nobuyasu committed seppuku at the Futamata-jo Castle on October 5.
Japanese: 築山殿は8月29日(旧暦)に小藪村で殺害され、信康は9月15日(旧暦)に二俣城で切腹した。
English: This 'Twelve Clauses of Nobunaga' is said to hold a possibility of being revised and edited later.
Japanese: しかし、この「信長の十二ヶ条」は、後に加筆・修正された可能性があるとも言われている。
English: This Nobuyasu's incident has many unclear points including Tokuhime, who is believed to be the source of accusation, begging Ieyasu for a permission to go to see Nobunaga in the Azuchi Castle for the sake of Nobuyasu's defense (Ieyasu TOKUGAWA theory by Sohachi YAMAOKA), and in recent years there is a theory which suggests the discord between Ieyasu and Nobuyasu to be the cause.
Japanese: 事件の発端となったはずの徳姫自身が信康弁明の為に安土に居る信長に会いに行くと家康に頼み込んだりするなど（山岡荘八著徳川家康(山岡荘八)による説）、信康切腹事件に関しては不可解な点が多く、近年では家康と信康の対立が原因との説も出されている。
English: After that, Tokuhime departed from the Okazaki Castle on February 20, 1580 (lunar calendar), with Ieyasu's send-off, and returned to Mino Province.
Japanese: その後、徳姫は天正8年（1580年）の2月20日(旧暦)に家康に見送られ岡崎城を出立し、美濃国に帰った。
English: Since she lost her father and oldest brother in the Honnoji Incident in 1582, she lived under the protection of her second eldest brother, Nobukatsu ODA.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）に起きた本能寺の変では、父・長兄ともに失ってしまったため、次兄の織田信雄に保護された。
English: Facing the reconciliation between Nobukatsu and Hideyoshi after the Battle of Komaki, she had to move to Kyoto as a hostage
Japanese: しかし、小牧の役後に信雄と秀吉の講和に際して人質として京都に居を構えた。
English: In 1590, Nobukatsu was deprived of his post by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, so she transferred to Koori in Owari Province dominated by the Ikoma clan, and this was evidently instructed by Hideyushi judging from the Shuinjo (a shogunal license for foreign trade) of Hideyoshi existing in "Haibara-ke Monjo" (Haibara Family's Written Material) as well as the fact that soon she lived back in Kyoto, and it seems that Gotoku's treatment was under the control of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: しかし、天正18年（1590年）には信雄が豊臣秀吉によって改易されたため、生駒氏の尾張国の小折に移り住んだが、これは「埴原家文書」に残された秀吉の朱印状から秀吉による処置だったことが明らかで、その後すぐにまた京都に居住するなど、五徳の処遇は秀吉の支配下にあったことが推測できる。
English: After the Battle of Sekigahara, she was given 1,761 koku of territory from the fourth son of Ieyasu, Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA who became the head of Kishu Castle in Owari Province.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦い後は、尾張国の清洲城主となった家康の4男の松平忠吉から1761石の所領を与えられた。
English: In 1630, when Senmatsumaru (also known as Mitsutaka HACHISUKA), a legitimate child between Tadateru HACHISUKA and his lawful wife, Shigehime (a great-grandchild of Tokuhime and also a daughter of Tadanaga OGASAWARA) was born, she was consulted on the choice of wet nurses.
Japanese: 寛永7年（1630年）蜂須賀忠英と正室繁姫（小笠原忠脩の娘で徳姫の曾孫）の間に、嫡子千松丸（蜂須賀光隆）が誕生した際には、乳母の選定について相談されている。
English: When his father Hachimantaro Yoshiie died, his right older brother (the fifth son or the forth son of his father) MINAMOTO no Yoshitada succeeded to the family head and became the toryo (leader) of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 父の八幡太郎義家が死去するとすぐ上の兄、源義忠が家督を相続し源氏の棟梁となる。
English: When his brother Yoshitada returned to the capital, Yoshitoki began to guard Ishikawa of Kawachi Province, the base of the Kawachi-Genji for Yoshitada (the oldest brother MINAMOTO no Yoshimune had died young, the second oldest brother MINAMOTO no Yoshichika had been killed for raising a rebellion, and the third oldest brother MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni had been being confined by the Imperial order for having a battle against his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu in the Kanto region.
Japanese: 兄、義忠が都に戻るのと入れ替わりに河内源氏の本拠地、河内国石川を守るようになる（長兄の源義宗は夭折。次兄の源義親は乱を起こし討伐された。三兄の源義国は関東で叔父の源義光と合戦し勅勘を蒙り謹慎）。
English: After the death of Yoshitada, Yoshitoki wished to succeed to his brother to become the toryo of the Minamoto clan in vain.
Japanese: 義忠の死後、義時は兄の跡をついで源氏の棟梁になることを望んだが果たされなかった。
English: It is known that he was not appointed any government post and that his last official rank was Rokui (Sixth Rank) (as for the rank, it is a matter which was said later and cannot be confirmed in historical materials of that time).
Japanese: 官職はなく、官位は六位であったということだけが伝わっている（後世になっていわれるようになったが当時の史料では確認できない）。
English: He was also called himself Mutsu Goro or Mutsu Rokuro, however he had been never appointed Mutsu no Kami (governor of Mutsu Province) (this is not confirmed in historical materials), so probably it was derived from that his father Yoshiie had served as Mutsu no Kami.
Japanese: また、陸奥五郎、または陸奥六郎と称したことがあるが、陸奥守であったわけではなく（史料的に確認できていない）、父の義家の陸奥守に由来した名乗りであるようである。
English: Yoshitoki inherited Ishikawa-no-sho (manor in Ishikawa), which had been the base of the Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Kawachi Province) since his father Yoshiie had located it; and MINAMOTO no Yoshimoto was his son, and his grandson MINAMOTO no Yoshikane, who served as Hogandai (secretary) of Ishikawa, was called 'the best Minamoto clan in Kawachi Province' by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 義時は、父の義家以来の河内源氏本拠地の石川荘を相続し、子に源義基が、孫に源頼朝が「河内随一の源氏」と評した石川判官代の源義兼がいる。
English: His descendants called themselves Ishikawa-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Ishikawa) and included the Ishikawa clan, Kondo clan, Hiraga clan, Manriki clan, and Kumata clan.
Japanese: 子孫は石川源氏を称し、その一族には石川氏、紺戸氏、平賀氏、万力氏、杭全氏などの諸氏がある。
English: In the Genpei War in the Jisho era, he was attacked by TAIRA no Kiyomori who considered that the Ishikawa-Genji could be a threat since they were powerful Minamoto clan who had continued since Hachimantaro Yoshiie, and the clan's base Kawachi Province was near to the capital.
Japanese: また、治承の源平の戦いの際は、都に近い河内国に八幡太郎義家以来の源氏の残存勢力のあることを危険視した平清盛によって攻撃を受けた。
English: The army led by commanders supporting Heike (the Taira family) including Taifu Hangan (or Taifu Hogan, inspector at the fifth rank) MINAMOTO no Suesada and Hogan (inspector) of Settsu Province TAIRA no Morizumi fought against the Minamoto clan including MINAMOTO no Yoshimoto and MINAMOTO no Yoshikane in the outskirts of Kyoto and in the base of the Ishikawa-Genji, Ishikawa-no-sho of Kawachi Province; since the army of Heike was too big to be beaten, a lot of members of the Ishikawa-Genji were killed in the battles and the power of the clan declined greatly.
Japanese: 派遣された平家方の侍大将大夫判官源季貞、摂津判官平盛澄の軍と源義基、源義兼らは洛外や石川源氏の本拠地である河内国石川庄で抗戦するが、大勢を覆すことはできず、一族の多くが討たれ、石川源氏の勢力は大きく衰退する。
English: The particularly important thing in this battle was that one of the commanders supporting Heike was MINAMOTO no Suesada who was a descendant of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie as well as Yoshitoki, and was an elder second cousin of MINAMOTO no Yoshikane.
Japanese: この戦いの際に注目されるのは、平家方の大将が同じ源義家の子孫で、源義兼から見ると又従兄の子にあたると思われる源季貞であることである。
English: It was not strange that MINAMOTO no Suesada was appointed the commander to subjugate the same clan since his father and he had served Heike, however, according to another opinion, it was because Minamoto no Yoshitoki had organized the conspiracy against the life of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, the great-grandfather of Suesada, or had been associated with the murder in some degree (considering that after the murder of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, his brother Yoshitoki had aimed at the position of the leader of the Kawachi-Genji).
Japanese: 源季貞は父の代からの平家郎党であるということで平家方であったために、同族を討伐する大将になったともいえるが、一説には、源義時が源季貞の曽祖父にあたる源義忠の暗殺事件に荷担もしくは関係があったため（根拠：源義忠の暗殺後、弟の源義時は河内源氏の棟梁の地位を望んだ）といわれる。
English: The Ishikawa-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Ishikawa), who had located the clan's base at Ishikawa of Kawachi Province, certainly wielded their influence in the Kamakura period, and made efforts to build and rebuild many Buddhist temples.
Japanese: 河内国石川に拠った石川源氏は鎌倉時代には勢力を誇ったことは確かで、多くの寺院仏閣の創建や再建に努力した。
English: However, within the Ishikawa-Genji's territory, the Kusunoki clan who are famous for Masashige KUSUNOKI had developed power since the end of the Kamakura period, and Ishikawa-Genji gradually became weak.
Japanese: しかし、石川源氏が勢力圏とした地域は、鎌倉末期より楠木正成で有名な楠木氏が台頭し、石川源氏は弱体化していく。
English: Some clans including the Ishikawa clan (vassal of the Tokugawa clan), a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) of the Edo period who are famous for Kazumasa ISHIKAWA, called themselves descendants of Yoshitoki, however it is not clear because there are many theories (as for the Ishikawa clan, persons of two generations are not confirmed).
Japanese: 石川数正が知られる近世大名の石川氏（徳川氏家臣）などがこの義時の末裔を称しているが諸説あって定かではない（約二代の人物が確認できないため）。
English: The Ishikawa clan of Mutsu Province including Akimitsu ISHIKAWA in the Mutsu was from a different family line; they were the descendants of the Yorichika line (Yamato-Genji [the Minamoto clan of Yamato Province) of Seiwa-Genji (the Minamoto clan from the descendants of Emperor Seiwa).
Japanese: 陸奥の石川昭光などの石川氏は別流で、清和源氏頼親流（大和源氏）石川氏族。
English: Like them, the Ishikawa clan of Mutsu Province including Takanobu ISHIKAWA belonged to another clan, the Nanbu clan of the Yoshimitsu line (Kai-Genji [the Minamoto clan of Kai Province) of Seiwa-Genji.
Japanese: 同じく、陸奥の石川高信の石川氏も清和源氏義光流（甲斐源氏）南部氏族。
English: MINAMOTO no Munetsuna (date of birth unknown - June 20, 1180) was a busho (Japanese military commander) from Settsu-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Settsu Province) and active during the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 源宗綱（みなもとのむねつな、生年未詳－1180年6月20日（治承4年5月26日(旧暦)））は、平安時代末期の摂津源氏の武将。
English: In 1180, his grandfather Yorimasa and father Nakatsuna supported Prince Mochihito and raised an army to revolt against the Taira family (the battle of Uji-gawa River).
Japanese: 1180年、祖父・頼政、父・仲綱らは以仁王を擁して平家に叛旗を翻す（宇治川の戦い）。
English: Munetsuna participated in this battle as the heir of the family and fought bravely, however his army was too small to fight against the enemy's much larger army, so soon they were defeated, and he and his family committed suicide in Uji-byodoin Temple.
Japanese: 宗綱はこの戦いに一家の嫡男として参加し奮戦するが、やがて衆寡敵せず敗北し、宇治平等院にて一族もろとも自害して果てた。
English: Although Munetsuna himself died young, his grandson Muneshige SHIMOTSUMA (Reni SHIMOTSUMA or Reni SHIMOZUMA) became a disciple of Shinran, which led to his descendants' development as the Shimotsuma clan (the Shimozuma clan) as senior vassals of Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 宗綱本人は若くして死去したが、孫の下間宗重（蓮位）が親鸞の弟子となったことを契機に、その子孫は本願寺の重臣下間氏として発展する。
English: The clan played a central part in uprisings of the followers of the Ikko sect in the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States, Japan), and later, in the Edo period, Shigetoshi IKEDA from the clan produced some achievements, he was given rice stipend of 10,000 koku (1,803,900 cubic decimeters) and became daimyo (Japanese territorial lord).
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)には一向一揆において中心的役割を果たし、さらに降って江戸時代には一族から池田重利が出て一万石を領し、大名に列した。
English: Toyokuni UTAGAWA (1769 - February 24, 1825) was an Ukiyo-e artist who lived during the Edo Period.
Japanese: 歌川豊国（うたがわとよくに、明和6年（1769年）-文政8年1月7日(旧暦)（1825年2月24日））は江戸時代の浮世絵師。
English: He learned under Toyoharu UTAGAWA, the founder of the UTAGAWA school, and gained enormous popularity for his yakusha-e (a print of Kabuki actors) and bijin-ga (a print of beautiful women) in which his ideal beauty was portrayed.
Japanese: 歌川派の創始者歌川豊春の元で学び、理想の美しさを表現した役者絵や美人画で絶大な人気を得た。
English: The second Toyokuni was Toyoshige UTAGAWA who was a disciple and an adopted child of Toyokuni, and upon the death of the first Toyokuni, Toyoshige succeeded to the name as the second Toyokuni.
Japanese: 二代豊国は豊国門下の歌川豊重が豊国の養子となり、死去に伴って二代豊国を襲名した。
English: The third Toyokuni was Kunisada UTAGAWA, also a disciple of Toyokuni, and Kunisada proclaimed as the second Toyokuni in 1844, although the second Toyokuni (Toyoshige UTAGAWA) was already established.
Japanese: 三代豊国は同じく豊国門下の歌川国貞が、弘化元年（1844年）に重ねて二代豊国を称した。
English: The second Kunisada, a disciple and a husband of the first Kunisada's daughter, designated himself as the third Toyokuni in 1870, shortly after becoming the second Kunisada.
Japanese: 四代豊国は、国貞の門下で娘婿にもなった二代国貞が明治3年（1870年）に国貞に続いて三代豊国を称した。
English: The sixth Toyokuni UTAGAWA (1903 - November 13, 2000) became a high-school student at the age of 93 and an university student at the age of 96, making headlines.
Japanese: 六代目歌川豊国（1903年～2000年11月13日）は、93歳で高校生、96歳で大学生となり、話題となった。