nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The wooden seated statue of the god of Kumano Hayatama, the wooden seated statue of the god of Fusumi, the wooden seated statue of the god of Ketsumiko, and the wooden seated statue of Kunitokotachi-no-mikoto (owned by Kumano Hayatama-taisha Grand Shrine in Wakayama)
Japanese: 木造熊野速玉大神坐像、木造夫須美（ふすみ）大神坐像、木造家津御子（けつみこ）大神坐像、木造国常立命（くにとこたちのみこと）坐像（和歌山・熊野速玉大社）
English: The general collection of artifacts taken from the Hirabaru hokei shukobo (a burial mound surrounded by a square moat) in Fukuoka Prefecture (in the collection of the Agency for Cultural Affairs and under the care of the Itokoku Historical Museum in the city of Maebara)
Japanese: 福岡県平原方形周溝墓（ひらばるほうけいしゅうこうぼ）出土品一括（文化庁蔵、前原市・伊都国歴史博物館保管）
English: 1,251 items among the materials related to the Daini shoshi (the second royal family) of the Ryukyu Kingdom (Naha City Historical Museum in Okinawa)
Japanese: 琉球王国第二尚氏（しょうけ）関係資料1,251点（沖縄・那覇市歴史博物館）
English: As of 2008, there are three prefectures in which no national treasures exist: Gunma, Tokushima, and Miyazaki.
Japanese: 2008年（平成20年）現在国宝の存在しない県は群馬県、徳島県、宮崎県の3県である。
English: Until recently, three other prefectures (Okinawa, Hokkaido, and Kumamoto) also did not have any national treasures, but each got one in the last few years; regarding Okinawa, in 2006 the materials related to the Daini shoshi (the second royal family) of the Ryukyu Kingdom were named a national treasure, while Hokkaido's clay figurines were named a national treasure in 2007, and the main hall and so forth of Aoi Aso-jinja Shrine in Kumamoto were designated national treasures in 2008.
Japanese: 以前国宝が存在しなかった沖縄県では2006年（平成18年）に琉球王国第二尚氏関係資料が、北海道では2007年（平成19年）に土偶が、熊本県では2008年（平成20年）に青井阿蘇神社本殿他がそれぞれ国宝に指定された。
English: Note however that the Haniwa (terra-cotta figurine) standing statue of an armed male currently owned by Tokyo National Museum was excavated from a site in the city of Ota in Gunma Prefecture, while the items excavated from the Higo Eta Funayama Tumulus, also owned by Tokyo National Museum, were excavated from a site in Tamana-gun in Kumamoto Prefecture, and finally the gilt bronze harness excavated from the Hyuga Province Saitobaru Tumulus, now owned by the Gotoh Art Museum, was excavated from Saito City in Miyazaki Prefecture.
Japanese: なお、現在東京国立博物館が所蔵する埴輪武装男子立像は群馬県太田市、同じく東京国立博物館が所蔵する肥後江田船山古墳出土品は熊本県玉名郡、五島美術館が所蔵する日向国西都原古墳出土金銅馬具類は宮崎県西都市でそれぞれ出土したものである。
English: The Seinan War was an armed uprising of warrior class led by Takamori SAIGO occurred in present Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Oita, and Kagoshima Prefectures in 1877.
Japanese: 西南戦争（せいなんせんそう）とは、1877年（明治10年）に現在の熊本県・宮崎県・大分県・鹿児島県において西郷隆盛を盟主にして起こった士族による武力反乱である。
English: Also known as Seinan no eki, Teichu no ran, Junen senso (in the Kagoshima dialect, Jinen no yussa), and Shigakko Senso, it was the biggest among a series of uprisings of warrior class broke out in the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 西南役（せいなんのえき）、丁丑の乱、十年戦争（鹿児島弁では「じねんのゆっさ」）、私学校戦争とも呼ばれ、明治初期の一連の士族反乱のうち最大規模のもの。
English: In 1873, SAIGO left the government after the political coup, and in 1874, founded Shigakko (private schools) and the branches throughout Kagoshima Prefecture.
Japanese: 明治6年政変で下野した西郷は明治7年（1874年）、鹿児島県全域に私学校とその分校を創設した。
English: SAIGO founded the schools to lead the band of fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes), who left the government as he did, and to educate the youth in the prefecture; moreover, with the goal of forming a strong army to go on a foreign campaign, he positively introduced Western culture by employing foreign instructors and sending capable students to Western countries to study.
Japanese: その目的は、西郷と共に下野した不平士族たちを統率することと、県内の若者を教育することであったが、外国人講師を採用したり、優秀な私学校徒を欧州へ遊学させる等、積極的に西欧文化を取り入れており、外征を行うための強固な軍隊を創造することを目指していた。
English: Under the cooperation of prefectural governor Tsunayoshi OYAMA together with the ruling party, Shigakko developed into a strong power to control the most part of the prefectural government before long.
Japanese: やがてこの私学校はその与党も含め、県令大山綱良の協力のもとで県政の大部分を握る大勢力へと成長していった。
English: On the other hand, for the purpose of promoting modernization, the central government issued Haitorei on March 8, 1876 and Kinrokukosaishoshohakkojorei on August 5 in the same year.
Japanese: 一方、近代化を進める中央政府は明治9年（1876年）3月8日に廃刀令、同年8月5日に金禄公債証書発行条例を発布した。
English: These two edicts damaged the warrior class both mentally and economically, since the edicts deprived them of their last privileges as former samurai such as wearing a sword and receiving a stipend.
Japanese: この2つは帯刀・禄の支給という旧武士最後の特権を奪うものであり、士族に精神的かつ経済的なダメージを負わせた。
English: These edicts triggered 'Shinpuren no ran' in Kumamoto Prefecture on October 24, 1876, 'Akizuki no ran' in Fukuoka Prefecture on 27, and 'Hagi no ran' led by Issei MAEBARA in Yamaguchi Prefecture on 28.
Japanese: これが契機となり、明治9年（1876年）10月24日に熊本県で「神風連の乱」、27日に福岡県で「秋月の乱」、28日に山口県で前原一誠による「萩の乱」が起こった。
English: SAIGO, who was staying at Unagi Hot Spring, received reports of these rebellions and sent a letter to Hisatake KATSURA in November.
Japanese: 鰻温泉にいた西郷はこれらの乱の報告を聞き、11月、桂久武に対し書簡を出した。
English: In the letter, SAIGO expressed his delighted feelings about the rebellions of warrior class together with his own will as 'once I will decide to raise the army, I will surprise the whole world.'
Japanese: この書簡には士族の反乱を愉快に思う西郷の心情の外に「起つと決した時には天下を驚かす」との意も書かれていた。
English: Judging from other description in the letter that he would keep staying at Unagi Hot Spring so as not to make his young Lord impetuous, the words 'I will decide to raise the army' might have meant defense and campaign against Russia, which was his biggest concern in those days, instead of starting a civil war.
Japanese: ただ、書簡中では若殿輩（わかとのばら）が逸（はや）らないようにこの鰻温泉を動かないとも記しているので、この「立つと決する」は内乱よりは当時西郷が最も心配していた対ロシアのための防御・外征を意味していた可能性が高い。
English: Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that SAIGO might have resentment and antagonism toward the incident that a policy of placing a great importance on 'military buildup' mainly with the warrior class, which he had fostered during his early days in Tokyo for two years from his comeback to the central government in 1871 until he left the government, was defeated by a policy of placing a great importance on 'national enrichment' by Takayoshi KIDO and Shigenobu OKUMA, which emphasized the equality of all people and the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures.
Japanese: その一方で明治4年（1871年）に中央政府に復帰して下野するまでの2年間、上京当初抱いていた士族を中心とする「強兵」重視路線が、四民平等・廃藩置県を全面に押し出した木戸孝允・大隈重信らの「富国」重視路線によって斥けられた事に対する不満や反発が西郷の心中に全く無かったとも考えられない。
English: On the other hand, when Shigakko was founded, the central government had failed in taking prompt action for fear of the schools' influence; however, as the Shigakko faction became powerful in the prefectural government, the central government began to put a false color on Shigakko.
Japanese: 一方、私学校設立以来、政府は彼らの威を恐れ、早期の対策を行ってこなかったが、私学校党による県政の掌握が進むにつれて、私学校に対する曲解も本格化してきた。
English: In other words, the central government took Shigakko for schools for training patriots to rebel against the government.
Japanese: この曲解とは、私学校を政府への反乱を企てる志士を養成する機関だとする見解である。
English: At last in 1876, Naimukyo (Secretary of Interior) Toshimichi OKUBO was pushed by vigorous proposition of the Choshu faction led by Naikakukomon (adviser to the Cabinet) Takayoshi KIDO and accepted the Kagoshima prefectural government reform bill.
Japanese: そしてついに、明治9年（1876年）内務卿大久保利通は、内閣顧問木戸孝允を中心とする長州派の猛烈な提案に押し切られ、鹿児島県政改革案を受諾した。
English: At this time, OKUBO was in a dilemma between Shigakko outside the government and the Choshu faction inside the government.
Japanese: この時、大久保は外に私学校、内に長州派という非常に苦しい立場に立たされていた。
English: Opposed by prefectural governor Tsunayoshi OYAMA and triggered local rebellions, the most part of the reform bill cannot be put into effect.
Japanese: この改革案は県令大山綱良の反対と地方の乱の発生により、その大部分が実行不可能となった。
English: As one of the countermeasures, 24 police officers including Naoo NAKAHARA were dispatched to Kagoshima in January 1876 on the pretext of homecoming for the purpose of espionage and discord-producing intrigues of Shigakko.
Japanese: その1つが明治9年（1876年）1月、私学校の内部偵察と離間工作のため中原尚雄以下24名の警吏を、帰郷するという名目で鹿児島へと派遣したことである。
English: The students of Shigakko were suspicious about the homecoming of such a large number of police officers including Naoo NAKAHARA, and on the watch to query their true purpose.
Japanese: これに対し、私学校徒達は中原尚雄等の大量帰郷を不審に思い、その目的を聞き出すべく警戒していた。
English: On January 29, the government secretly carried the arms and ammunition from the arsenal of the Army Ministry in Kagoshima into the ship Sekiryu-maru to transfer them to Osaka.
Japanese: 1月29日、政府は鹿児島県にある陸軍省砲兵属廠にあった武器・弾薬を大阪へ移すために、赤龍丸への搬出を秘密裏に行った。
English: The main object of the carrying out was to transfer the production equipment of ammunition for Snider rifles, which were the main weapon of the Japanese Army in those days, to Osaka; according to a record, it was led by Aritomo YAMAGATA and Iwao OYAMA, the leaders of the Choshu faction and the Satsuma faction in the Army, in cooperation with each other.
Japanese: この搬出は当時の日本陸軍が主力装備としていたスナイドル銃の弾薬製造設備の大阪への搬出が主な目的であり、山県有朋と大山巌という陸軍内の長閥と薩閥の代表者が協力して行われた事が記録されている。
English: In 1877: The Diary of the Department of War: '大日記 砲兵本支廠工兵各方面 １月木 陸軍省第１局'
Japanese: 陸軍省大日記明治10年「大日記砲兵本支廠工兵各方面１月木陸軍省第１局」
English: 砲第五号 砲兵支廠鹿児島属廠設置之スナイトル弾薬器械其廠ヘ備附其廠ニ於テ製作可致此旨相達候事但入費之儀ハ其廠額金之内ヲ以取計 追而不足之節可申出事 十年一月八日 陸軍卿山県有朋'
Japanese: ｢砲第五号砲兵支廠鹿児島属廠設置之スナイトル弾薬器械其廠ヘ備附其廠ニ於テ製作可致此旨相達候事但入費之儀ハ其廠額金之内ヲ以取計追而不足之節可申出事十年一月八日陸軍卿山県有朋｣
English: In 1877: The Diary of the Department of War: '大日記 省内各局参謀近衛病院 教師軍馬局 １月水 陸軍省第１局'
Japanese: 陸軍省大日記明治10年「大日記省内各局参謀近衛病院教師軍馬局１月水陸軍省第１局」
English: In 1877: The Diary of the Department of War: ''大日記 省内各局参謀近衛病院 教師軍馬局 ２月水 陸軍省第１局'
Japanese: 陸軍省大日記明治10年「大日記省内各局参謀近衛病院教師軍馬局２月水陸軍省第１局」
English: The Japanese Army had Snider rifles as the main weapon, and the ammunition was manufactured and almost exclusively supplied by the Kagoshima arsenal, which had been developed from the arms and ammunition plant set up by the Satsuma Domain.
Japanese: 日本陸軍はスナイドル銃を主力装備としていたが、その弾薬は薩摩藩が設立した兵器・弾薬工場が前身である鹿児島属廠で製造され、ほぼ独占的に供給されていた。
English: The Satsuma Domain was armed with breech-loading Snider rifles before others; based on the modern industrial base that had been built up through the industries at Shuseikan, the domain was the only region in Japan to succeed in domestic production of ammunition for Snider rifles by importing facilities from England before the Army Ministry was established in 1872.
Japanese: 後装式(元込め)のスナイドル銃をいち早く導入し、集成館事業の蓄積で近代工業基盤を有していた薩摩藩は、イギリスから設備を輸入して明治5年の陸軍省創設以前からスナイドル弾薬の国産化に成功していた唯一の地域だった。
English: Unlike the muzzleloader, which only needs gunpowder, bullet, and percussion cap, the breech-loading Snider rifle does not work without the ammunition (ball cartridge) in a cartridge case, the base of which was mainly made of brass molded by hydraulic press.
Japanese: 火薬・弾丸・雷管さえあれば使用できる前装式銃と異なり、後装式のスナイドル銃の弾薬(実包)は真鍮を主材料として水圧プレスで成型される基部を持った薬莢が不可欠で、これが無ければ銃として機能しない。
English: Since the base of the cartridge has a simple structure, domestic production may supply enough for a small amount of individual use, but equipment for mass-producing the cartridge case was required to supply for an army, if small, to use in battle; and there was no equipment in Japan equivalent to that in Kagoshima in those days.
Japanese: 薬莢基部は単純な構造であるため、個人レベルの小規模な量であれば家内生産で製造できなくもないが、小規模とはいえ軍が戦闘で使用する量を確保するには専用の大量生産設備が不可欠であり、同様の設備は当時の日本国内には存在していなかった。
English: The presence of the industrial base was one of the main reasons that Kagoshima, a mere region, was comparable with the central government in power.
Japanese: こうした工業基盤の有無も、一地方に過ぎない鹿児島と中央政府の力関係を均衡させていた主要因のひとつだった。
English: Since all the gunpowder, bullets, arms, and making machinery in the Kagoshima arsenal had been constructed or purchased with the money contributed by the then retainers of the Satsuma Domain, the former retainers took it for granted that these things were to be used by the retainers and their descendants in an emergency; therefore, because the Shigakko students got angry with the central government for carrying the domain's property out from there like a thief and for the purpose of being prepared with arms and ammunition for a possible conflict with the central government, they made a night attack on the powder house at Somuta and seized bullets and arms.
Japanese: また、旧薩摩藩士の心情として、鹿児島属廠の火薬・弾丸・武器・製造機械類は藩士が醵出した金で造ったり購入したりしたもので、一朝事があって必要な場合、藩士やその子孫が使用するものであると考えられていた事もあり、私学校徒は中央政府が泥棒のように薩摩の財産を搬出した事に怒るとともに、当然予想される衝突に備えて武器・弾薬を入手するために、夜、草牟田火薬庫を襲って弾丸・武器類を奪取した。
English: From that night, what is commonly called 'munitions seizure incident' occurred and other powder houses at various places were raided day after day, but the Shigakko students could only seized outdated Enfield rifles and ammunition for the rifles, of which YAMAGATA and OYAMA thought little.
Japanese: この夜以後、連日、各地の火薬庫が襲撃され、俗にいう「弾薬掠奪事件」が起きたが、私学校徒が入手できたのは、山縣や大山が重要視しなかった旧型のエンフィールド銃とその弾薬のみだった。
English: Now that they lost the production equipment of Snider Ammunition, the Snider rifle, which had symbolized the Satsuma Domain as the new weapon, meant nothing to them and they had to be armed with the outdated muzzle-loading Enfield rifles; it is said that SAIGO shouted 'Damn!' to hear the report because he had realized in the Boshin War that a difference in the burst speed between the muzzleloader and the breechloader makes a crucial difference in fighting power.
Japanese: スナイドル弾薬の製造設備を失った事は、薩摩を象徴する新兵器だったスナイドル銃が無用の長物と化し、既に旧式化していた前装式のエンフィールド銃で戦わなければならなくなった事を意味しており、後装式と前装式の連射速度の違いがもたらす決定的な戦力差を戊辰戦争での実体験として知る西郷は、この報を聞いて「ちょしもたー」（しまった）との言葉を発したという。
English: On the other hand, on January 30, seven leaders of Shigakko including Kunimoto SHINOHARA, Shuichiro KONO, and Shichinojo TAKI had a meeting and asked Tota TANIGUCHI to make private inquiries on the homecoming police officers including NAKAHARA; in that evening, TANIGUCHI reported them that NAKAHARA was planning to assassinate SAIGO.
Japanese: 一方、1月30日、私学校幹部の篠原国幹・河野主一郎・高城七之丞ら七名は会合し、谷口登太に中原ら警視庁帰藩組の内偵を依頼し、同日暮、谷口報告により中原の西郷暗殺計画を聞いた。
English: The leaders of Shigakko, SHINOHARA, Gunpei FUCHIBE, Shiro IKEBE (retainer of the Satsuma Domain), and Shuichiro KONO discussed countermeasures and sent Kohei SAIGO, Takamori's fourth younger brother, to Takamori, who went on a hunting in Konejime.
Japanese: 篠原・淵辺群平・池上四郎(薩摩藩士)・河野主一郎ら私学校幹部は善後策を話し合い、小根占で猟をしていた西郷隆盛のもとに彼の四弟の西郷小兵衛を派遣した。
English: Toshiaki KIRINO, who learned of the munitions seizure incident and came back to Kagoshima from Yoshida Village, discussed with Kunimoto SHINOHARA and sent three persons including Jurota HENMI to Konejime on February 2.
Japanese: また、弾薬掠奪事件を聞き、吉田村から鹿児島へ帰ってきた桐野利秋は篠原国幹らと談合し、2月2日に辺見十郎太ら3名を小根占へ派遣した。
English: Consequently, having learned the assassination plan on himself and the munitions seizure incident from Kohei and HENMI, SAIGO returned to Kagoshima to take measures against the matters.
Japanese: かくして小兵衛と辺見から西郷暗殺計画と弾薬掠奪事件を聞いた西郷は、これに対処するために鹿児島へ帰った。
English: The Shigakko students rallied round SAIGO to guard him from various places on his way to Kagoshima, and SAIGO arrived in Kagoshima with a large number of the students..
Japanese: 帰る途中、西郷を守るために各地から私学校徒が馳せ参じ、鹿児島へ着いたときには相当の人数にのぼった。
English: On February 3, the Shigakko faction captured over 60 people including NAKAHARA all together and started fiercely interrogating them.
Japanese: 私学校党は2月3日、中原ら60余名を一斉に捕縛し、以後、苛烈な取調べがおこなわれた。
English: On the night of February 4 when the interrogation was being made, SAIGO returned from Konejime and entered the main campus of Shigakko at the site of horse barn, accompanied by the leaders.
Japanese: その最中の2月4日夜、小根占から帰った西郷は幹部たちを従え、旧厩跡にあった私学校本校に入った。
English: On February 5, over 200 including the leaders of Shigakko and the principals of 137 branch schools assembled and discussed the course of action to take.
Japanese: 翌5日、私学校幹部及び137分校長ら200余名が集合して大評議がおこなわれ、今後の方針が話し合われた。
English: Shinsuke BEPPU and HENMI said that they should raise the army, whereas Yaichiro NAGAYAMA said that the three leaders SAIGO, KIRINO, and SHINOHARA should go to Tokyo to raise the matter with the government.
Japanese: 別府晋介と辺見は問罪の師を起こすべしと主張したが、永山弥一郎は西郷・桐野・篠原の三将が上京して政府を詰問すべしと主張した。
English: IKEGAMI opposed NAGAYAMA for the reason that the government, which was planning the assassination, might attack the party on their way to Tokyo.
Japanese: しかし、池上は刺殺を企む政府が上京途中に危難を加える虞れがあると主張して反対した。
English: Then, Sansuke MURATA said that a small army should accompany the three leaders, whereas Oshisuke NOMURA said that he would lead a small army to Obama by sea and from there to Kyoto by land to directly report the matters to the Emperor who would be there for an imperial visit.
Japanese: そこで村田三介は三将に寡兵が随従する策を、野村忍介は野村自身が寡兵を率いて海路で小浜に出て、そこから陸路で京都に行き、行幸で京都にいる天皇に直接上奏する策を主張した。
English: As such, various plans were presented and the discussion degenerated into confusion; at last, KIRINO concluded that 'we should take decisive action, …, the only way for us is to dispatch the whole troops with colors flying' and the whole assembly agreed on the opinion of dispatching the whole troops.
Japanese: こうして諸策百出して紛糾したが、最後に桐野が「断の一字あるのみ、...旗鼓堂々総出兵の外に採るべき途なし」と断案し、全軍出兵論が満座の賛成を得た。
English: Exceptionally, NAGAYAMA disagreed on the plan of dispatching the troops throughout the discussion, but later, he was persuaded into joining the army by KIRINO.
Japanese: 永山はこの後も出兵に賛成しなかったが、桐野の説得で後日従軍を承知した。
English: On February 6, the nameplate 'Satsuma headquarters' was put up at the main campus of Shigakko and enrollment of soldiers started.
Japanese: 2月6日、私学校本校に「薩摩本営」の門標が出され、従軍者名簿の登録が始まった。
English: On February 9, Vice Admiral Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, a relative of SAIGO, came by warship to see SAIGO but had no chance to see him, then met prefectural governor Tsunayoshi OYAMA on the warship in Kagoshima Bay.
Japanese: 2月9日、西郷の縁戚川村純義中将が軍艦に乗って西郷に面会に来たが、会うことができず、県令大山綱良と鹿児島湾内の艦船上で会見した。
English: Since OYAMA told that the Shigakko faction had already started for east, KAWAMURA gave up to persuade SAIGO and returned, sending a telegraph to Nagasaki to be vigilant.
Japanese: このときに大山がすでに私学校党が東上したと伝えたため、川村は西郷と談合することをあきらめて帰途につき、長崎に電報を打って警戒させた。
English: On February 9, in Kagoshima, Tsuna NOMURA surrendered to the prefectural office and confessed that he was sent by OKUBO on reconnaissance in Kagoshima Prefecture; accordingly, it was concluded that Toshimichi OKUBO was engaged in the plan of assassinating SAIGO.
Japanese: 一方、鹿児島では、2月9日に県庁に自首してきた野村綱から、「大久保から鹿児島県内の偵察を依頼されてきた」という内容の自供を得て、西郷暗殺計画には大久保利通も関与していたと考えるに至った。
English: In Saigo's army, SHINOHARA became responsible for troop formation, KIRINO became in charge of logistics, Shinpachi MURATA in charge of supply and maintenance of arms, Yaichiro NAGAYAMA in charge of recruit training, and IKEGAMI in charge of recruiting, then, around February 12, the army was mostly prepared.
Japanese: 西郷軍では篠原が編成の責任者となり、桐野が軍需品の収集調達、村田新八が兵器の調達整理、永山弥一郎が新兵教練、池上が募兵をそれぞれ担当し、12日頃に一応の準備が整えられた。
English: On February 13, with soldiers having been recruited and trained, the Satsuma army has formed into the battalions as below (The battalion commander was formally called Shikicho and generally called Daitaicho. The leader of the 1st platoon in each battalion served as Fukucho, the second in command.)
Japanese: 募兵、新兵教練を終えた薩軍では2月13日、次のように大隊編成がなされた（隊長の正式名称は指揮長。一般に大隊長とも呼ばれた。副長役は各大隊の一番小隊隊長がつとめた）。
English: Commander: Kunimoto SHINOHARA, Leader of the 1st platoon: Kohei SAIGO, Leader of the 2nd platoon: Naonoshin ASAE, Leader of the 5th platoon: Chii TEI, Leader of the 6th platoon: Kichinosuke SAGARA
Japanese: ─指揮長篠原国幹、一番小隊隊長西郷小兵衛、二番小隊隊長浅江直之進、五番小隊隊長鄭智陽、六番小隊隊長相良吉之助
English: Commander: Yaichiro NAGAYAMA, Leader of the 1st platoon: Jurota HENMI, Leader of the 3rd platoon: Shichinojo TAKI, Leader of the 10th platoon: Hanzaemon YAMAUCHI
Japanese: ─指揮長永山弥一郎、一番小隊隊長辺見十郎太、三番小隊長高城七之丞、十番小隊長山内半左衛門
English: Commander: Toshiaki KIRINO, Leader of the 1st platoon: Shinjiro HORI, Leader of the 2nd platoon: Nagaaki MINESAKI, Leader of the 3rd platoon: Oshisuke NOMURA, Leader of the 4th platoon: Juji KAWAKUBO, Leader of the 5th platoon: Kyuji NAGAYAMA
Japanese: ─指揮長桐野利秋、一番小隊隊長堀新次郎、二番小隊長嶺崎長明三番小隊隊長野村忍介、四番小隊隊長川久保十次、五番小隊隊長永山休二
English: Each battalion consisted of 10 platoons, each of which consisted of about 200 soldiers, thus, each battalion consisted of about 2000 soldiers in all; exceptionally, the separate battalion (combined battalion), which had soldiers recruited from Kajiki and four other villages, consisted of about 1600 in all, which was less and armed poorer than each of the other battalions and was divided into the 6th and 7th battalions later.
Japanese: いずれの大隊も10箇小隊、各小隊約200名で、計約2,000名からなっていたが、加治木外4郷から募兵し、後に六番・七番大隊と呼ばれた独立大隊（連合大隊）は2大隊合計約1,600名で、他の大隊に比べ人員も少なく装備も劣っていた。
English: Further, FUCHIBE became the leader of the security squad attached to the headquarters and led the sharpshooting squad to guard SAIGO.
Japanese: この外、本営附護衛隊長には淵辺がなり、狙撃隊を率いて西郷を護衛することになった。
English: On February 14, SAIGO, mounted on a horse, reviewed the troops of the 1st to 5th battalions in the drill ground next to the main campus of Shigakko.
Japanese: 2月14日、私学校本校横の練兵場で、騎乗した西郷による一番～五番大隊の閲兵式が行われた。
English: On February 15, in the heavy snowfall first in 60 years, the 1st battalion of the Satsuma army started from Kagoshima toward Kumamoto first (beginning of the Seinan no eki.)
Japanese: 翌15日、60年ぶりといわれる大雪の中、薩軍の一番大隊が鹿児島から熊本方面へ先発した（西南の役開始）。
English: On February 17, SAIGO started with KIRINO toward Kumamoto through Kajiki and Hitoyoshi.
Japanese: 17日には西郷も桐野とともに発し、加治木・人吉を経て熊本へ向かった。
English: Hisatake KATSURA went to see SAIGO off, but immediately decided to join the army because he felt anxious about the poor military goods they transported and because of his chivalrous spirit toward his comrade SAIGO, and became director-general of laborers transporting large and small provisions of Saigo's army (chief executive of transport corps.)
Japanese: これを見送りに行った桂久武は貧弱な輜重への心配と西郷への友義から急遽従軍し、西郷軍の大小荷駄本部長（輜重隊の総責任者）となった。
English: On the other hand, Vice Admiral KAWAMURA returned from Kagoshima to Tokyo and reported to the government that Saigo's army was approaching to censure the government; and on February 19, the government issued an Imperial edict to defeat the rebels of Kagoshima and formally decided to dispatch troops against Saigo's army.
Japanese: 一方、鹿児島から帰京した川村中将から西郷軍の問罪出兵の報を得た政府は2月19日、鹿児島県逆徒征討の詔を発し、正式に西郷軍への出兵を決定した。
English: Before Saigo's army entered the town of Kumamoto Castle, the government had issued an Imperial edict to defeat the army and mobilized troops to intercept it.
Japanese: 西郷軍が熊本城下に着かないうちにすでに政府側は征討の詔を出し、西郷軍の邀撃（ようげき）に動き出していた。
English: On February 15, Saigo's army started from Kagoshima, and on February 21, laid siege to Kumamoto Castle.
Japanese: 西郷軍が鹿児島を発したのが2月15日で、熊本城を包囲したのが2月21日。
English: It was only four days after the Saigo's army's departure and two days before the siege of Kumamoto Castle.
Japanese: つまり西郷軍が動き出してわずか4日で、熊本城を包囲する2日前だった。
English: The fact shows that the modern communication network including telegraph had already been set up in the background of that prompt reaction of the Meiji government.
Japanese: このことから明治政府の対応の速さの背景には電信などの近代的な通信網がすでに張り巡らされていたことがわかる。
English: The Meiji government appointed Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito to Governor-General on Suppression of the rebellion of Kagoshima Prefecture (supreme commander), and appointed Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army Aritomo YAMAGATA and Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA to Sangun (seconds-in-command), which were to be the virtual supreme commanders.
Japanese: 明治政府は有栖川宮熾仁親王を鹿児島県逆徒征討総督（総司令官）に任じ、実質的総司令官になる参軍（副司令官）には山縣有朋陸軍中将と川村純義海軍中将を任命した。
English: This is because the government needed a person of noble birth with authority as their symbol to oppose the charismatic leader SAIGO and also had to avoid causing a power struggle between the Army and the Navy by appointing Lieutenant General and Vice Admiral to the seconds-in-command instead of appointing one of them to the supreme commander.
Japanese: これは、カリスマ的指導者である西郷に対抗して権威のある貴種を旗印として用いるためと、どちらか一方を総司令官にせずに、同じ中将の2人を副官に据えることで、陸軍と海軍の勢力争いを回避するためであった。
English: Also, the government had other purposes including that of balancing Satsuma and Choshu by involving KAWAMURA, who was a relative of SAIGO, to prevent those from Satsuma from being upset.
Japanese: また、薩摩・長州の均衡をとって西郷の縁戚である川村を加えて薩摩出身者の動揺を防ぐ等の意も含まれていた。