nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Miyoshi's government which was busy with the internal conflict, tried to stop Nobunaga's invasion by giving a Kanryo shoku (a post of Chief Adviser) to Yoshikata ROKKAKU so that he would take the side with the Miyoshi's government.
Japanese: 内紛に明け暮れている三好政権は信長の侵攻を食い止めるため、管領職を与えることで六角義賢を味方につけて防衛しようとした。
English: Thus, the Miyoshi Sanninshu and Hisahide MATSUNAGA ceased their fights and get together against Nobunaga.
Japanese: このため三好三人衆は松永久秀との戦闘を停止して織田信長と雌雄を決しようとした。
English: However, the Miyoshi's army had already became weak due to the internal conflict and they could not control their army, and lost without really fighting against the Oda army.
Japanese: しかし、すでに内紛で弱体化していた三好軍は内部統率すら執れる状況ではなく、ほとんど織田軍と戦闘することなく敗走した。
English: By this, the Miyoshi's government, which controlled the central government over 20 years, collapsed in just 2 weeks.
Japanese: これにより、20年にわたって中央政治を牛耳ってきた三好政権は、わずか半月で崩壊してしまったのである。
English: However, Yoshitsugu was killed by Nobunaga in 1573 and Hisahide also in October 1577.
Japanese: しかし、義継は天正元年（1573年）に信長に討たれ、久秀も天正5年（1577年）10月に信長に討たれた。
English: The Miyoshi Sanninshu resisted against Nobunaga but were defeated by 1573.
Japanese: 三好三人衆は信長に抵抗したが、これも天正元年（1573年）までに滅ぼされた。
English: The Miyoshi clan lost their power in the Kinai region and only Nagaharu MIYOSHI, Yasunaga MIYOSHI, Masayasu SOGO and Nobuyasa ATAGI remained to have power in the Shikoku region.
Japanese: 三好氏は畿内における勢力を失い、四国における三好長治、三好康長、十河存保、安宅信康などの勢力が残存するのみとなった。
English: Miyoshi clan's power over the Shikoku region also declined due to internal conflict and surrender to Nobunaga, and they managed to survive under the protection of the Oda government.
Japanese: やがてそれらの勢力も内紛により衰退したり信長に降伏するなどして、織田政権の庇護の下で細々と命脈を保つことになる。
English: The facts that the Miyoshi's government made the most use of the bakufu functions such as by taking control of the shogunate government by placing shogun as a puppet and by controlling daimyo by giving important roles in the government as honory positions clearly show it.
Japanese: 将軍を傀儡として幕政を牛耳り、幕府の要職を名誉職として全国の有力諸大名に与えることで諸大名を懐柔するなど、幕府機能を最大限に利用している点がそれを物語っている。
English: The government was established only by the talent of Nagayoshi himself and the existence of the limited number of personnel, including Nagayoshi's younger brother Yoshikata MIYOSHI, Fuyuyasu ATAGI, Kazumasa SOGO and his heir Yoshioki MIYOSHI.
Japanese: その政権は長慶個人の才能と実弟の三好義賢・安宅冬康・十河一存らと嫡男の三好義興という限られた人物の存在によって成立しているに過ぎなかった。
English: In terms of the economic power, they had surpassing power over other daimyo by taking Sakai under their control.
Japanese: 経済力では堺を支配下に置くなどして他の諸大名を凌駕するほどのものだった。
English: However, the Miyoshi clan did not have goson (autonomous village) as their direct control territory and was just having the Imperial Court and shogun under their control.
Japanese: しかし、年貢徴収に関しては郷村を三好氏の直轄領とするのではなく、朝廷や将軍を庇護していた。
English: Because the Miyoshi government succeeded the previous shoen (manor) system and the system of the Muromachi bakufu, their economic structure was extremely vulnerable.
Japanese: 旧来の荘園体制や室町幕府の制度をそのまま引き継いでしまったため、極めて脆弱なものだった。
English: Also, they took the Suigun (warriors battle in the sea) in the Shikoku region under their control by having Fuyuyasu being adopted by the Atagi clan and Kazumasa being adopted by the Sogo clan.
Japanese: また冬康は安宅氏、一存は十河氏に養子入りして四国の水軍を支配下に置いた。
English: Since the Miyoshi clan was originally like a leader of the local ruling families of the Awa Province, the military power of Awa Province and Sanuki Province was essential for them to maintain their power in the Kinai region.
Japanese: 三好氏はもともと阿波の豪族の盟主のような存在であり、そのため阿波・讃岐の戦力は畿内の維持に必要不可欠だった。
English: However, the continued deaths of the Miyoshi clan such as Kazumasa and Yoshitaka accelerated their power over the Shikoku region losing substance, which eventually led to the decline of the military force of the Miyoshi's army.
Japanese: ところが一存・義賢をはじめとする一族の死が相次いで四国支配の空洞化が進み、それが三好軍の軍事力衰退にまでつながった。
English: Also, Nagayoshi tried to maintain their close relationships with the Imperial Court and temples and shrines by holding renga often.
Japanese: さらに長慶は朝廷・寺社との関係を重視し、たびたび連歌などを催しては親密な関係を維持しようとした。
English: This was meant to take advantage of the religious network in the Kinai region because many of the Kugeshu (court nobles) in Kyoto and machi-shu (towns people) in Sakai were believers of the Hokke sect.
Japanese: これは京都の公家衆・堺の町衆などで法華宗の信者が多く、その宗教ネットワークを最大限に利用しようというものだったのだ。
English: However, this caused Nagayoshi to devote himself to literature, which led to the death of Nagayoshi, internal conflict within the Miyoshi clan, and eventually to the fall of the Miyoshi's government.
Japanese: しかし、同時に長慶を文弱に走らせてしまったのも事実であり、そして長慶の死、その後の三好家内紛が政権滅亡へのとどめとなってしまったのである。
English: When the headquarters of army of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was attacked by the squad of Nobushige SANADA in the Siege of Osaka, the Hata Bugyo ended in failure, which was strictly questioned by Ieyasu.
Japanese: 大坂の役にて徳川家康本陣が真田信繁隊の突進を受けた際に、旗奉行に不首尾があり、このことを家康は厳しく詮議した。
English: An anecdote is told about this, however, that Tadataka OKUBO strongly insisted that the flag was never fallen, because he worried that if it was revealed that the failure of Hata bugyo was attributable to failure of Ieyasu who left such an important post as Hata bugyo to newcomers by neglecting senior fudaishu (hereditary daimyo), no opportunity would be left for old-age Ieyasu to clear such dishonor.
Japanese: ところが、大久保忠教は旗奉行の不首尾は古参譜代衆を差し置いて新参者に旗奉行のような要職を任せた家康の失態であり、高齢の家康には汚名返上の機会はないと思い、旗は倒れなかったと主張して聞かなかったという逸話がある。
English: Shichu-hikimawashi was a kind of punishment in the Edo period, whereby a criminal was brought through the streets in public on horseback to the execution ground, together with 'sutefuda' (official notice board stating the details about the criminal and the crime).
Japanese: 市中引き回し（しちゅうひきまわし）は、江戸時代における日本の刑罰で、罪人を馬に乗せ、罪状を書いた捨札等と共に刑場まで公開で連行していくものである。
English: Shichu-hikimawashi was not an independent penalty itself but was a supplementary penalty imposed on those criminals who were sentenced to beheading or graver.
Japanese: 市中引き回しは死罪(江戸時代)以上の判決を受けた罪人が受ける付加刑であり、これのみの単独の刑罰ではない。
English: A criminal whose sentence was finalized, after being brought out of Tenma-cho prison, was bound with rope and put on the back of a horse.
Japanese: 刑が確定した罪人は伝馬町牢屋敷から出された後、縄で縛られて馬に乗せられる。
English: The criminal was paraded through the streets of Edo, surrounded by zoshiki (town officials), whose social status was hinin (the people who belonged to none of the four 'classes' of the Edo period and were therefore considered outcasts), who carried such articles as a wooden 'sutefuda' on which the details about the crime were written, paper banners, two-pronged weapons and spears, with a group of coroners consisting of yoriki (police sergeants) and doshin (police constables) of South or North town magistrate's office of Edo who guarded the rear part of the procession sandwiching the criminal.
Japanese: 罪状が書かれた木の捨札や紙で出来た幟、刺股や槍を持った非人身分の雑色が周りを固め、南北町奉行所の与力と同心が検視役として罪人を挟む形で後ろを固め、江戸市中を辿った。
English: In a period film and the like, often a criminals is put on a bareback horse, but in reality a horse used for shichu-hikimawashi was saddled with a straw mat on top.
Japanese: 時代劇等では罪人は鞍の付いていない裸馬に乗せられているが、実際は菰を引いた鞍の上に乗せられていた。
English: One was called 'Edo-ju-hikimawashi' (江戸中引廻), which was to start from Tenma-cho prison, go round the Edo-jo castle and return to the prison, and then the execution was carried out there.
Japanese: 1つは伝馬町牢屋敷から江戸城の周りを一周し、牢屋敷に戻って処刑が行われる「江戸中引廻」。
English: The other route was called 'Gokasho-hikimawashi' (五ヶ所引廻), whereby the parade started from Tenma-cho prison, went past Nihonbashi bridge, Akasaka Gomon, Yotsuya Gomon, Sujikaibashi bridge and Ryogokubashi bridge, which were all located in the outer block of the Edo-jo castle, and then reached one of the then execution sites such as Kozukahara and Suzugamori.
Japanese: もう1つは伝馬町牢屋敷から江戸城の外郭にある日本橋(東京都中央区)、赤坂御門、四谷御門、筋違橋、両国橋を巡り、当時の刑場である小塚原刑場や鈴ヶ森刑場に至る「五ヶ所引廻」があった。
English: A 'Sutefuda' stating the details of the criminal such as name and age and of the crime itself was put up in each of the five places mentioned earlier and in the execution site (which meant 6 sutefuda were erected).
Japanese: 各場所と刑場には罪人の氏名、年齢、罪状が書かれた捨札が掲げられていた（すなわち6つの捨て札が立つことになる）。
English: It appears that the decision on the route depended on the relative gravity of guiltiness as 'gokasho hikimawashi' involved a graver punishment (the severest punishment to be carried out in the prison being beheading, and the gravest type of execution in those days such as burning at the stake and crucifixion being conducted in the execution sites).
Japanese: コースの選定は、五ヶ所引廻の方が最終的に受ける刑罰が厳しいため（牢屋敷で行われる刑罰は獄門が最高刑であり、当時の極刑である火刑や磔は刑場で行われた）、罪状の軽重で決められていたようである。
English: Shichu-hikimawashi was a long journey taking a day (gokasho-hikimawashi covered a distance of as long as 20 km), for which the criminal was given some money to buy things such as a drink and tobacco as wished by the criminal in consideration of the criminal's last journey.
Japanese: 市中引き回しは1日がかりの行程であり(五ヶ所引廻では20kmに及ぶ)、死出の旅ということで、罪人にはお金が渡され、求めに応じて道中酒を買わせたり、煙草を買わせたりした。
English: At one time, however, when one of such shichu-hikimawashi parades went past a merchant's store in Koishikawa, the criminal spied a woman suckling a baby among the onlookers on the street and said, "I like to suckle at her breast."
Japanese: しかし小石川の商家の前を通った時のこと、路上の見物人の中に赤ん坊に授乳している婦人がおり「あの乳が飲みたい」と罪人が所望した。
English: One of the coroners told the woman to grant the criminal's wish, but this practice of 'special consideration' for the criminals was discontinued after this incident.
Japanese: 検視役人は婦人に命じてその願いを叶えてやったが、それ以後この制度は行われなくなった。
English: A shichu-hikimawashi parade involving a criminal who was a well known figure became quite like a major event.
Japanese: 市中引き回しは知名度の高い罪人が処される時にはさながらイベントと化した。
English: And, fearing that parading a poorly clad criminal might offend the people of the city, the Edo government ordered that the criminals be dressed neatly at the time of shichu-hikimawasi.
Japanese: そして罪人が貧相な風体をしていると江戸市民の反感を買いかねない為、それを嫌った幕府は引き回しの時に調度を整えさせた。
English: It is said that Nezumi kozo (a benevolent robber of the later Edo period) wore beautiful kimono with light makeup and even some lipsticks on his lips.
Japanese: 鼠小僧は美しい着物を身に付け、薄化粧をして口紅まで注していたという。
English: When there is room for pity on the part of a criminal, a kind of disciplinary action called 'nobori-azuke'' was carried out based on an unwritten law of the time, whereby 'nobori' (banner) used in the criminal's hikimawashi was given to the criminal's employer.
Japanese: 罪人にも同情すべき点がある場合「幟あずけ」と呼ばれる、引き回しの時に使われた幟を主人に下げ渡す不文律の懲戒処分が行われた。
English: It was not allowed to dump such 'nobori', and a yoriki visited the store which held such 'nobori' on the anniversary of the criminal's death each year to conduct 'nobori-shirabe', in other words, to check if 'nobori' in question was still kept by the store.
Japanese: 捨てることは許されず、毎年1回罪人の命日に与力が「幟しらべ」と呼ばれる確認にやって来た。
English: Most of the stores subject to this 'nobori-shirabe' are said to have failed, for people would keep away from such stores.
Japanese: そうなるとその店にはもう誰も寄り付かず、大概の店は「幟あずけ」をされると破産してしまったそうである。
English: Monouri is a street vendor who sells foods or goods, serves as a repairman, buys old things or wastes, or exchanges these things for some goods, traveling by attracting people with musical instruments and distinctive calls.
Japanese: 物売り（ものうり）とは路上で移動しながら、主に鳴り物や独特の売り声を発しながら呼び込みをして食事を提供したり、物品などを販売、修理や古物や廃品の買取や交換をする者。
English: It is also called 'Hikiuri,' but the words 'Monouri no koe' and 'Hikiuri no koe', meaning vender's call, are more familiar to the Japanese.
Japanese: 「引き売り」・「引売り」ともいうが「物売りの声」・「引き売りの声」という言葉が一般的に馴染深い。
English: Monouri partly overlaps with food stalls, peddlers, and stallholders, but differs from them in that monouri does not necessarily use the food stall, that peddlers mainly sell goods to fixed customers by door-to-door sales, and that street vendors do their businesses by occupying their places in bazaar or small-town festivals.
Japanese: 屋台や行商や街商と重複する部分もあるが、行商は固定客に対しての訪問販売が主であり、街商は市や縁日で一所（ひとつところ）で留まって商売する事や物売りが必ずしも屋台ではなかった事から区別する事が出来る。
English: Monouri became popular during the Edo period as nicknamed 'botefuri' and dealt with almost anything that has to do with food, clothing, and housing, ranging from everyday foods to necessities of life; only those licensed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) were allowed to do their businesses as monouri.
Japanese: 江戸時代から盛んになり「棒手振」・「棒手売」（ぼてふり）と呼ばれていて日用品の食材から生活必需品まで衣食住に係わる全てのものが売られており幕府の許認可を受け鑑札を持った物だけが営業できた。
English: The bakufu severely punished monouri who violated the license, and also treated monouri as measures for providing jobs to the poor and the weak.
Japanese: これに違反すれば厳しい処罰があったが、生活困窮者や弱者の就業を目的とした幕府の政策でもあった。
English: Botefuri sold a lot of seasonal goods, so-called Hasunohaakinai (trade of lotus leaves, which means a dealing with seasonal goods), by slowly cruising the neighborhood, which differed from stallholders who did their businesses in bazaar, festivals, or in temple towns by paying for their places and for the right to carry on their businesses; and also, some of monouri like Yonaki-soba vendors (merchants vending soba at night) and Sushi vendors sold items nothing to do with the season.
Japanese: 季節物の販売も多く、蓮の葉商いの傾向も強いが市や祭事の門前町などの街商は場所代や既得権が必要であったが、棒手振は歩き売りという形を取っていたのが街商などとの差異であり、また季節物ではない代表的なものとして、夜鳴き蕎麦屋や鮨屋などがあげられる。
English: In those days, most of monouri cruised streets for selling goods by carrying tools and foods not on a large cart but in a pair of boxes, bamboo sieves, baskets, or tubs on both sides of a pole, which was the origin of their nickname 'botefuri' ('bo' is a pole, 'te' is a hand, and 'furi' is to swing), and some of monouri sold goods by carrying tools and goods in a box on a shoulder.
Japanese: 当時は大八車（リヤカー）ではなく主に道具や商品や食材の入った箱や笊（ざる）、籠（かご）や桶（おけ）などを両天秤にして天秤棒を担いで売り歩いたので棒手振と呼ばれていたが、道具や品物の入った箱を片方の肩で担いで売り歩く者もいた。
English: During the Edo period, food stalls cooked foods in front of customers and sold them, and monouri sold processed foods like fried fish and broiled eel by carrying them in a wooden box.
Japanese: 江戸時代にはその場で調理する屋台だけでなく、調理済みの天ぷら（てんぷら）、鰻（うなぎ）の蒲焼などを木箱に入れ、物売りが売り歩いていた。
English: In recent years, more and more monouri not only advanced in appearance but also got equipped with enhanced cooking facilities on their bicycles or trailers towed by bicycles (though, monouri were already equipped with cooking facilities during the Edo period,) and from around 1926 to 1974, monouri were widely seen here and there in Japan by changing their items (Japanese style hotchpotch and sweets bread replaced sushi and soba); at present, however, monouri including those who sell tofu (bean curd), natto (fermented soybeans), and goldfish, the items which were already sold in the Edo period, are fading out.
Japanese: 近年では自転車やリヤカーをもとに形だけではなく設備も充実させ、煮炊きが出来る（ただし江戸時代から屋台では煮炊きの設備を備えていた）物売りも増え、昭和初期から昭和40年代まで品を替え（鮨や蕎麦は廃れおでん売りや菓子パン売りなどが盛んになった）世間で一般的に見られたが、江戸時代から変わらず続いた豆腐売りや納豆売りや金魚売りなども含め、今ではほとんど見る事はなくなった。
English: These days, however, there are businesses serving foods, selling box lunch, bread, and the like by cooking them in front of customers on the equipped automobiles at the fixed places where a lot of workers are being around but few restaurants and food shops are in the neighborhood.
Japanese: しかし現在では自動車に設備を載せ決まった場所（就労者は多いが外食産業や商店の無い所など）で食事や弁当やパンなどを調理、販売をしているものも見られる。
English: As the Japanese society is aging, several small businesses have launched traditional style monouri using a whistle for attracting customers for selling tofu curds and processed-soybean products in some regions not only for the pursuit of profits but also for the promotion of regional development and welfare.
Japanese: また高齢化社会に伴い利潤のみならず地域振興や福祉目的を持って幾つかの小さな企業が、物売りとして豆腐などの大豆食品を呼び込みのラッパを使うなど、昔ながらの形態で販売を始めている地域も存在する。
English: Since edomae-zushi (hand-rolled sushi) originated from monouri and food stalls, still the original style can be seen in some sushi restaurants around Tokyo as their stand-and-eat bars.
Japanese: ---江戸前寿司の始まりは、物売りや屋台であったので今でも名残として立ち食いの鮨屋も東京を中心にみられる。
English: Their items were changed from Japanese buckwheat noodles to Chinese noodles called ramen and a flute called charumera replaced the whistle.
Japanese: 日本蕎麦はなくなり中華蕎麦（ラーメン）になり、笛もチャルメラという物に変わった。
English: During the Edo period, eel vendors, in their early period, cut open and cleaned raw eels in front of customers and sold them, and later, some of them began to sell broiled eels or cook eels in front of customers and sold them.
Japanese: ---江戸時代当初は生をその場で捌いて客に渡したが、その後蒲焼にした物を売ったり、その場で調理するものもあらわれた。
English: It is said that female accounted for only 20 percent and unmarried males occupied large part of the population of Edo city; in those circumstances, makanai vendors sold box lunches to lower-ranking samurai, who served as the government officials under many restrictions.
Japanese: ---江戸は女性の比率が二割といわれ独身の男性が非常に多く、宮使いで制約の多かった下級武士の専門の弁当屋として成り立っていた。
English: Until about 1974, oden-uri was popular with housewives who brought their pots to buy oden for dinner and with children who buy it for their afternoon snacks.
Japanese: ---昭和40年代まで日本各地にみられ、晩のおかずに主婦が鍋を持って買いに来たり、子どもがおやつとして買っていた。
English: Various types of candy vendors competed so fiercely that some sold candies by using lotteries, some attracted customers with entertainments, and some sold candies by delivering sales pitch, from which derived mountebanks called tekiya in present street stalls and night stalls.
Japanese: ---多種多様な飴売りが存在し競争も激しかった為、今の出店や夜店の的屋の元になる、くじ形式や余興や口上などで趣向を凝らしていた。
English: Comparable to popular Amezaiku, which was candy craft made from taffy, Bekkoame candy was made by molding melted candy into various flat shapes and sold.
Japanese: ---練る飴細工も有名だが、鼈甲飴も溶かした飴を型などに流し込み、様々な形を平面的に作り上げて、売っていた。
English: The vendors created three dimensional sculptures out of taffy with his hands and scissors and sold them.
Japanese: ---鋏（はさみ）や指先を使い飴を練って三次元的な立体造形の飴を作って売っていた。
English: Agedango vendors, who were seen until the early Showa period, cooled deep-fried sweetened flour dumplings at the stall and sold them mainly to children.
Japanese: ---昭和初期ごろまで見られ、小麦粉を甘く味付けして中華菓子の様にその場で揚げて、主に子ども向けに売っていた。
English: The vendors sold baked sweet potatoes by shouting 'Sweet Potatoes! Sweet Potatoes! It's 13 ri (old Japanese unit of distance), 4 ri more delicious than 9 ri!,' which is a wordplay meaning that sweet potatoes are more delicious ('more' is synonym of '4 ri') than chestnuts (synonym of '9 ri'.)
Japanese: ---「やきいもーやきいもー栗よりうまい十三里ー」栗より美味い十三里と言う文言は「栗」を九里と「より」を四里とを足して焼き芋のことを十三里というなぞかけ言葉である。
English: The vendor usually sold corbicula and short-neck clam by shouting 'Corbicula! Short-neck clam!', but some of them specialized in other clams like cherry stone clam or ark shell.
Japanese: ---「しじみーあさりー」この他にも蛤や赤貝なども専門で売られていた。
English: The vendors sold fresh sardine and anchovy in towns neighboring the seashore by shouting 'Sardine and Anchovy! Sardine and Anchovy!'
Japanese: ---売り声「いわしこーいわしこー」「いわし」は真鰯で「しこ」はカタクチイワシのことで獲れたてを海浜近郊で売っていた。
English: The vendor sold other fishes in season including whale meat, the season's first bonito, cuttlefish, whitebait, saury, and horse mackerel.
Japanese: 魚は他にも、鯨、初鰹、烏賊、白魚、秋刀魚、鯵など旬の物も売られていた。
English: The vendors sold fermented soybeans from the Edo period by shouting 'Natto! Natto!,' and recently they carried the products mainly on a bicycle.
Japanese: ---売り声「なっとー、なっとなっとうー、なっと」江戸時代から続いていたが近年では主に自転車に品物を積み販売していた。
English: During the Edo period, Natto vendors were popular along with the clam vendors so that there remains a satirical short poem, 'Natto and Clam wake me up in the morning.'
Japanese: 江戸では上記の蜆浅蜊売りとともにポピュラーな存在で､「納豆と蜆に朝寝起こされる」などという川柳も残る。
English: There were vendors selling fruits and vegetables in season like mandarin orange, watermelon, radish, turnip, yam, and ginger.
Japanese: ---蜜柑、西瓜や大根、蕪（かぶ）、ヤマノイモ、生姜など野菜や果物を季節ごとに販売していた。
English: It is said that Josai vendors were around until 1955, selling Chinese herbal drugs by carrying them in a pair of medicine chests on a pole and they wore the same hanten (a short coat originally for craftsmen worn over a kimono) as monouri in the Edo period.
Japanese: ---昭和30年頃まで存在したといわれ、江戸時代の物売りそのままの装束で半纏（はんてん）を身にまとい、天秤棒で薬箱を両端に掛け担いで漢方薬を売っていた。
English: Josai vendors walked strongly at a pace so that the metal parts of their medicine chests and the pole knocked against each other to make distinguished noises, by which the neighbors were aware of the vendor.
Japanese: また力強く一定の調子で歩いた為、薬箱と金具や天秤棒のぶつかり合う音が独特の音となり近隣に知らせた。
English: The vendors loaded a small boiler to clean pipes with its steam and put the rau on top of the steam exhaust vent of the boiler to make a sound like the steam locomotive whistles to signal their presence.
Japanese: 小型のボイラーを積みその蒸気で掃除をし、また蒸気の出口に羅宇を被せ蒸気機関車の警笛の様に「ぴー」という音を出して知らせた。
English: The vendor's call 'Saoya--, Saodake--' recently became the book title and attracted the people's attention.
Japanese: ---売り声「さおやーさおだけー」本のタイトルにもなり注目を集めた。
English: The vendors sold goldfish and glass fish bowls by attracting customers with the call 'Goldfish! Goldfish!'
Japanese: ---売り声「きんぎょーえー、きんぎょー」金魚とともにガラスの金魚鉢も売っていた。
English: Incidentally, people in the Edo period hung the glass fish bowl from the eaves and looked up the goldfish from below.
Japanese: ちなみに江戸時代の金魚鉢は吊り下げ式で軒下などに吊るして下から観賞していた。
English: The vendors purchased wide variety of things including used papers, used clothes, metal utensils and fittings, coarse oil-paper umbrellas, human waste, used barrels, used wash tubs, and rice bran; according to a recent study, Japan was one of the most advanced society in recycling throughout the history of the whole world.
Japanese: 古紙,古着,金物,番傘,屎尿,樽,桶,糠など様々で,江戸時代は最近の研究では,全ての時代の世界の中でも高い水準でのリサイクル社会であったと考えられている。
English: The vendors purchased fallen hairs by shouting 'Ochanai? Ochanai?'
Japanese: 「おちゃないおちゃない」という呼び込みの声で抜け落ちた髪の毛を買い取っていた。
English: In Kyoto, ochi-gai was exclusively women's work and they sold the purchased hairs wholesale to wig makers and sellers.
Japanese: 京都では女性の専業であり、髪文字屋（「かもじや」と読み、付け毛製作販売業）に買い取った髪の毛を卸していた。
English: It is said that the call changed from 'Ochite inai ka?' (Are there hair fallen?) to 'Ochanai? Ochanai?'
Japanese: 「落ちていないか」が「おちない」から「おちゃない」に変化したといわれる。
English: Hosokawa's government was a Japanese military government in the Sengoku period which existed from 1493 through 1549.
Japanese: 細川政権（ほそかわせいけん）とは、明応2年（1493年）から天文(元号)18年（1549年）まで存在した日本の戦国時代(日本)における武家政権である。
English: Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, the head of the Hosokawa family, died during the Onin war, and his heir, Masamoto HOSOKAWA, took over as the family head.
Japanese: 応仁の乱のなか、細川家当主・細川勝元は死去し、その後は嫡男の細川政元が継いだ。
English: When the 9th shogun, Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, died and a problem regarding the shogun's heirship occurred, Masamoto recommended Seiko (son of Horigoe kubo Masatomo ASHIKAGA, and later Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA) become the next shogun.
Japanese: 政元は第9代将軍・足利義尚が陣没して将軍継嗣問題が起こると、第10代将軍に清晃（堀越公方足利政知の子で後の足利義澄）を推していた。
English: However, he lost the political battle against Yoshimi ASHIKAGA and Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, and Yoshiki ASHIKAGA (later Yoshitane), son of Yoshimi, became the 10th Shogun.
Japanese: しかし、足利義視や畠山政長との政争に敗れて義視の子・足利義材（後の義稙）が第10代将軍に擁立された。
English: When Yoshimi died in January 1491, the shogunate government came to be dominated by Masanaga HATAKEYAMA.
Japanese: 延徳3年（1491年）1月に義視が死去すると、幕政は畠山政長によって独占されることとなった。
English: In February 1493, Masanaga HATAKEYAMA led the army of bakufu, to which Yoshitane ASHIKAGA belonged, and attacked Yoshitoyo HATAKEYAMA (son of Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA) in order to suppress the Kawachi Province.
Japanese: 明応2年（1493年）2月、畠山政長は河内国平定のため、足利義稙を擁した幕府軍を率いて畠山義豊（畠山義就の子）を攻めた。
English: Masamoto, who was entrusted to protect Kyoto during this expedition, made a coup with Tomiko HINO (Coup of Meio).
Japanese: そしてこの遠征中に京都の留守を任されていた政元は日野富子と結託してクーデターを決行する（明応の政変）。
English: In April, they invited Seiko to their residence in Kyoto, and supported him to become the 11th shogun Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 4月に清晃を京都にある自邸に招き入れ、実質的に第11代将軍・足利義高として擁立したのである。
English: Meanwhile, the army of bakufu in Kawachi was agitated by the news of the coup in Kyoto, and estrangements occurred one after another.
Japanese: 一方、河内にあった幕府軍は京都の政変を知ると動揺して離反が相次いだ。
English: Furthermore, a punitive force was sent by Masamoto and Yoshiki was captured and locked up in the Ryoan-ji Temple in Kyoto, and Masanaga killed himself.
Japanese: さらに政元の討伐軍が送られて義材は捕縛されて京都竜安寺に幽閉され、政長は自害した。
English: This is how Masamoto established Hosokawa's government by making the shogun a puppet.
Japanese: こうして政元は将軍を傀儡として擁立することで、細川政権を成立させたのである。