nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After becoming Count Kunihide HIGASHIFUSHIMI, he issued "Hounsho" (Minyusha) in 1931, which is a book about Buddhist art.
Japanese: 伯爵東伏見邦英となったあと、1931年に、仏教の美術関係の書物として、『宝雲抄』（民友社）を刊行した。
English: "Hounsho" is a collection of his essays continued for four years, which started by posting his impression of a trip to Nara on a spring holiday in April 1924 to Gakushuin Hojinkai Magazine with a title of 'From Nara.'
Japanese: 『宝雲抄』は、1924年（大正13年）4月の春休みに奈良に行ったときの印象や感想を学習院輔仁会雑誌に「奈良より」と題して投稿したのをきっかけに、4年間掲載されたものを、ひとつの本にしたものである。
English: He also played Haydn concerto on the piano in the New Symphony Orchestra conducted by Hidemaro KONOE in 1932 for a recording.
Japanese: また1932年（昭和7年）に、近衛秀麿指揮の新交響楽団でハイドンの協奏曲のピアノの録音演奏を行った。
English: After that, he became the chief priest of Shoren-in Monzeki Temple in Kyoto with a posthumous Buddhist name of Jigo in 1943, and remained the chief priest for a long time.
Japanese: その後、1943年（昭和18年）に京都の青蓮院門跡の門主となって法名を慈洽と称し、長らく門主の地位にあった。
English: In the so-called 'old capital tax issue' in which Kyoto City Government severely fought against Kyoto Prefecture Buddhist Organization and Kyoto City Buddhist Organization from 1982 to 1988 leading to suspension of viewing in may temples and submission of an administrative lawsuit, he spearheaded the protest campaign as a president or a chairman of the Buddhist Organizations.
Japanese: 1982年（昭和57年）から1988年（昭和63年）まで京都市と京都府仏教会・京都市仏教会とが深刻な対立抗争を繰り広げ、ついには多くの寺院の拝観停止や行政訴訟の提起にまでいたった、いわゆる「古都税問題」では、仏教会の理事長あるいは会長として反対運動の先頭に立った。
English: While major temples in the Tendai sect that Shoren-in Temple belongs to do not allow the heredity of the chief priest, he had a fierce conflict with the Tendai sect strongly insisting to give the position of the chief priest of Shoren-in, and he applied pressure implying secession from the sect, finally forcing the sect to allow heredity.
Japanese: また、青蓮院が属する天台宗の主要寺院が住職の世襲を認めていないのに対し、青蓮院門主の地位を子息に譲ることを強く望んで天台宗教団と鋭く対立し、一時は教団離脱をほのめかして教団に圧力をかけ、ついに世襲を認めさせた事件も起こしている。
English: As a result, he gave the position of the chief priest to his second son, Jiko, who was the chief steward of Shoren-in, in February 2004.
Japanese: その結果として2004年（平成16年）2月に青蓮院の執事長であった次男の慈晃に門主の地位を譲った。
English: Neishi SAIONJI (her name can also be pronounced "Yasuko") (1292 - September 6, 1357) was nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court; a consort of the emperor) of Emperor Gofushimi; she was the mother of Emperor Kogon and Emperor Komyo.
Japanese: 西園寺寧子（さいおんじねいし/やすこ、正応5年（1292年）-正平12年/延文2年閏7月22日（1357年9月6日））は、後伏見天皇の女御であり、光厳天皇及び光明天皇の実母である。
English: In 1352, she ruled the Imperial Household as the head which was de facto Chiten no kimi; the retired emperor who controls the cloistered government (King), in order to maintain the Northern Court.
Japanese: 正平7年には北朝を存続させるため、事実上の治天の君（国王）の座に就き、天皇家の家督者として君臨した。
English: Kogimonin Neishi SAIONJI was the only female, and only the person who was not a descendant of the Imperial Household, that became Chiten no kimi in Japanese history.
Japanese: 女性で治天の君となったのも、天皇家に出自せず治天の君となったのも、日本史上、広義門院西園寺寧子が唯一である。
English: Neishi was born in 1292 between Kinhira SAIONJI, in Juichii (Junior First Rank) and the Minister of the Left and FUJIWARA no Kenshi, in juichii (Junior First Rank).
Japanese: 寧子は、正応5年（1292年）、父従一位左大臣西園寺公衡と従一位藤原兼子の間に出生した。
English: Her mother, Kenshi was from the lower class of the FUJIWARA clan; her father, Kinhira was from the Saionji family which had been succeeding the important position in charge of coordination between the Imperil court and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Kanto Moshitsugi; Kinhira dealt with critical affairs of the Imperial court as Kanto moshitsugi.
Japanese: 母兼子は藤原氏の下級貴族の出自だったが、父公衡の西園寺家は代々朝廷・鎌倉幕府間の連絡調整を担当する関東申次の要職を継承しており、公衡も関東申次として朝廷政務の枢要に当たっていた。
English: At that time, the Imperial Court was alternatively ruled by the Jimyo-in Imperial line (the imperial line of Emperor Gofukakusa) and the Daikaku-ji Imperial line (the imperial line of Emperor Kameyama); Saionji family was connected to both of them by marriage.
Japanese: 当時、朝廷は持明院統と大覚寺統の両統が交互に政務を担当する両統迭立の状態にあったが、西園寺家は両統双方と姻戚関係を結んでいた。
English: In 1302, Neishi performed Chakko no gi (the ceremony in which a child of the Imperial Household wears Hakama for the first time when she/he turned 5 years old) at Tominokoji dono, the palace of the Jimyo-in Imperial line; her entrance into the Jimyo-in Imperial line in future became almost certain.
Japanese: 乾元元年（1302年）、寧子は持明院統御所（富小路殿）で着袴の儀を執り行い、将来の持明院統への入内がほぼ約束された。
English: In April 1306, Neishi entered the inner palace of Emperor Gofushimi on the Jimyo-in Imperial line as nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court; a consort of the emperor).
Japanese: そして、嘉元4年（1306年）4月、寧子は女御として持明院統の後伏見天皇の後宮に入った。
English: In 1308, the Retired Emperor Gofushimi adopted his brother, Imperial Prince Tomihito and enthroned him as Emperor Hanazono.
Japanese: 延慶元年（1308年）に後伏見上皇は、実弟の富仁親王を猶子とした上で、花園天皇として即位させた。
English: On New Year's day in the following year, 1309, Neishi was deemed to be Junbo (a woman comparable to the birth mother of an emperor) of the Emperor Hanazono, and was awarded jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and also was announced as jusango and ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing); Kogimonin.
Japanese: 翌延慶2年正月、寧子は花園天皇の准母とされ、従三位に叙せられるとともに、准三后及び院号（広義門院）の宣下を受けた。
English: After that, Neishi was treated as empress dowager, and acquired the empress position of the Retired Emperor Gofushimi (hereinafter, Neishi was referred to as Kogimonin in this section).
Japanese: これにより寧子は国母待遇となり、後伏見上皇の本后の地位を得た（以下、本項では寧子を広義門院と呼ぶ）。
English: Thereafter, Kogimonin had Imperial Prince Kazuhito (future Emperor Kogon born in 1313) and Imperial Prince Yutahito (future Emperor Komyo born in 1321) by the Retired Emperor Gofushimi.
Japanese: 広義門院はその後、後伏見上皇との間に量仁親王（のちの光厳天皇、正和2年（1313年）出生）と豊仁親王（のちの光明天皇、元亨1年（1321年）出生）をもうけた。
English: After the reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor Godaigo on the Daikaku-ji Imperial line ascended the throne, however, he was overthrown (the Genko War) when his plan to overthrow the Bakufu was identified in 1331, and then Imperial Prince Kazuhito ascended the throne as Emperor Kogon.
Japanese: 花園天皇の後に大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇が即位したが、後醍醐天皇は元弘元年/元徳3年（1331年）に倒幕計画の発覚により退位させられ（元弘の乱）、量仁親王が光厳天皇として即位した。
English: This allowed the Retired Emperor Gofushimi to be Chiten no kimi; Kogimonin became empress dowager in name and reality.
Japanese: これにより後伏見上皇は治天の君となり、広義門院は名実備えた国母となった。
English: That glory didn't last long, the Kamakura bakufu collapsed after the force of Emperor Godaigo made a comeback in 1333, soon after this, the throne of the Retired Emperor Gofushimi and Emperor Kogon was abolished by Emperor Godaigo.
Japanese: しかし、その栄光も長くは続かず、正慶2年（1333年）には後醍醐側勢力が巻き返すと鎌倉幕府はあえなく滅亡し、後伏見上皇と光厳天皇もまた後醍醐天皇によってすぐに廃立された。
English: In 1335, Kinmune SAIONJI, the nephew of Kogimonin abolished the throne of Emperor Godaigo, and made a plan to resume the cloistered government by Gofushimi to revive the Jimyo-in Imperial line, but it failed.
Japanese: 建武2年（1335年）、広義門院の甥西園寺公宗が後醍醐天皇を廃し、後伏見院政を復活して持明院統を再興する計画を立てたが、失敗に終わった。
English: In 1336, Kogimonin became a priest as the Retired Emperor Gofushimi passed away.
Japanese: そして翌建武3年（1336年）、後伏見上皇が没したため、広義門院は出家した。
English: After several months, affairs once again changed; Takauji ASHIKAGA who had beaten the force of Godaigo invited the Retired Emperor Kogon as Chiten no kimi, commencing the cloistered government with the Retired Emperor Kogon.
Japanese: その数か月後、またも世の形勢は変転し、後醍醐側勢力を打ち破った足利尊氏は光厳上皇を治天の君として迎えいれ、結果、光厳院政が開始することとなった。
English: Kogimonin built Daikomyo-ji Temple in Fushimi Imperial Villa, Rakunan (the southern part of Kyoto) in 1339 in order to mourn the Retired Emperor Gofushimi.
Japanese: 広義門院は故後伏見上皇の菩提を弔うため、暦応2年（1339年）、洛南の伏見離宮に大光明寺を創建している。
English: Kogimonin once again experience the downside of her life through the Kano Disturbance which mainly occurred around 1350 - 1352.
Japanese: 観応年間（1350-1352）を中心とする観応の擾乱によって、広義門院は再度、浮沈を味わうこととなる。
English: In October 1351, Bakufu forces, mainly dominated by Takauji, concluded peace with the Southern Court, in need for competition against Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, resulting in the abolishment of the cloistered government by Kogon and the throne of Emperor Suko, the child of Kogon (Shohei Itto).
Japanese: 観応2年/正平6年（1351年）10月、尊氏を中心とする幕府勢力は足利直義との対抗上の必要から南朝と講和し、その結果、光厳院政及び光厳の子崇光天皇の皇位がともに廃されることとなった（正平一統）。
English: The force of the Southern Court regarded this as an opportunity, and in February 1352, they ingressed into Kyoto in a blitz, beating Bakufu army led by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: これを好機ととらえた南朝側は、翌正平7年（1352年）閏2月、足利義詮率いる幕府軍を破って一気に京都へ進入した。
English: The force of the Southern Court aimed at the discontinuance of the Northern Court, and abducted Retired Emperor Kogon, Retired Emperor Komyo, Retired Emperor Suko, Imperial Prince Naohito, all other Retired Emperors and imperial heir to Ano in Yamato Province.
Japanese: 南朝側は北朝の断絶を図って、光厳上皇・光明上皇・崇光上皇及び直仁親王と北朝側の全上皇と皇位継承者を拉致し、大和賀名生へと連れ去った。
English: Thus, the side led by the Northern Court and the bakufu was left without a Chiten no kimi or Emperor to take the lead in government activities, resulting in the suspension of all government activities, staffing matters, ceremonies, and shrine rituals.
Japanese: これにより北朝・幕府側には政務の中心たるべき治天の君・天皇が不在となり、全ての政務・人事・儀式・祭事が停滞することとなった。
English: The suspense caused by this affected them so much that both court nobles and warrior families lost their political functions.
Japanese: この停滞の影響は甚大で、公家・武家ともに政治機能不全に陥ってしまった。
English: While the negotiations by the Southern Court for the return of the Retired Emperors and Imperial princes was becoming difficult, it had been identified that Prince Iyahito, the prince of the Retired Emperor Kogon, were remaining in Kyoto without being abducted by the Southern Court.
Japanese: 南朝に対する上皇・親王返還交渉が難航する一方で、光厳上皇の皇子、弥仁王が南朝に拉致されず京都に留まっていることも判明していた。
English: According to precedent at the time, 伝国詔宣 by Chiten no kimi was at least required even if sacred treasures were not available in order to succeed the throne.
Japanese: その皇位継承に当たり、当時の先例では、神器がなくとも最低限、治天の君による伝国詔宣が必要とされていた。
English: To get out of difficulty, the plan to perform 伝国詔宣 by Kogimonin; the direct ancestor of Kogon, Komyo, and Suko, who stayed in Kyoto, in substitution for the Retired Emperor, was made.
Japanese: この窮地を打開するため、在京であり光厳・光明・崇光の直系尊属である広義門院が上皇の代理として伝国詔宣を行う案が立てられた。
English: On June 3, 1351, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the bakufu representative, offered Kogimonin a position as the representative of the Retired Emperor, but Kogimonin expressed deep distrust for the bakufu and Court nobles, who had been unable to do anything when the three retired emperors and the Imperial prince were abducted, and she completely rejected Yoshiakira's offer,
Japanese: 同年6月3日、幕府を代表した足利義詮が広義門院へ上皇の代理を申し入れたが、広義門院は三上皇・親王の拉致に全くなすすべなかった幕府及び公家たちに強い不信感をあらわにし、義詮の申し出を完全に拒否した。
English: The Bakufu had no choice but to obtain the acceptance of Kogimonin; they asked Kogimonin over and over, finally obtaining her approval on June 19.
Japanese: 広義門院の受諾を得るほかに解決策が皆無の幕府は、広義門院へ懇願を重ね、6月19日にようやく承諾を取り付けるに至った。
English: Kogimonin's act for the Retired Emperor meant that she virtually would commence the cloistered government as Chiten no kimi.
Japanese: 広義門院が上皇の役割を代行することは、事実上、広義門院が治天の君として院政を開始することを意味していた。
English: In fact, after June 19, ryoji (Her Highness' - as her majesty was called) regarding government practices and human affairs by Kogimonin was issued, and on June 27, the ryoji of `Official ranks or other issues would be restored as it was done before the incident of Shohei itto' by Kogimonin was issued; with this ryoji, all the government practices, human affairs, ceremonies started working again.
Japanese: 実際、6月19日以降、政務・人事に関する広義門院の令旨が出され始めており、6月27日には「官位等を正平一統以前の状態に復旧する」内容の広義門院令旨（天下一同法）が発令され、この令旨により、それまで停滞していた政務・人事・儀式などが全て動き始めることとなった。
English: The Southern Court, which was supposed to have an overwhelming superiority driving the force of the Northern Court and Bakufu into a corner by abducting of the Retired Emperors or others; they lost their superiority almost as soon as Kogimonin accepted to take government practices.
Japanese: 南朝は、上皇ら拉致により北朝・幕府側を回復不能の窮状へ追い込み、圧倒的な優位に立ったはずだったが、広義門院の政務受諾によりその優位性をほぼ完全に失ってしまったのである。
English: Afterward, Kogimonin energetically worked on various government practices such as imperial succession, human affairs, estate disposal, rituals, and played a role as Chiten no kimi to the fullest.
Japanese: その後、広義門院は皇位継承・人事・荘園処分・儀礼など様々な政務に対し精力的に取り組み、治天の君としての役割を十分に果たした。
English: After she handed over the reigns of the government to Emperor Gokongo in 1353, she maintained her reign in the government as the head of the Northern Court, and died in 1357.
Japanese: 文和2年（1353年）に後光厳へ政務権を継承した後も、北朝家督者として君臨し続け、延文2年（1357年）に没した。
English: Historian, Akira IMATANI presents a view that offering the government practices to Kogimonin was proposed by the Bakufu, not by the Court nobles.
Japanese: 歴史家の今谷明は、広義門院による政務就任は公家ではなく幕府からの発案だったとの見解を提示している。
English: In the middle ages, the custom that a widow takes over the Household after the head passed away was widely seen.
Japanese: 中世当時、夫を亡くした妻がその家督を継ぐという後家家督慣行が、武士の間に広く見られた。
English: Since this custom was not found among court nobles, the custom of warrior (samurai) society had an effect on the emergence of Kogimonin.
Japanese: この慣行は公家社会には観察されないため、武家社会の慣行が治天広義門院の登場に影響したとしている。
English: Besides, the system of shiki (the right of property, title, etc.) underlying Shoen koryo sei; the land governance system in the middle ages, started becoming unstable with the `transfer of shiki;' shiki was transferred using money or was not always succeeded by heredity while the succession of shiki (the right of property, title, etc.) had been based on hereditary transfer in most cases until then.
Japanese: また南北朝期の頃から、荘園公領制を支えていた職の体系が動揺し始めており、それまで職（しき）の継承は世襲による場合が多かったのに対し、職が金銭で売買されたり、必ずしも世襲によらなくなるなど、職の遷代と呼ばれる現象が起きつつあった。
English: As for the emergence of Chiten Kogimonin, there is a view that official ranks; Emperor, Chiten, became transferable, which led to the following incident; an attempted deprivation of the imperial throne by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 治天広義門院の登場についても、天皇・治天という職が遷代化し始めたものとする見解があり、後の足利義満による皇位簒奪未遂へつながっていったとしている。
English: Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Satonari (July 22, 1856 - February 10, 1872) was a member of the Imperial family of Japan during the late Edo and early Meiji Periods.
Japanese: 北白川宮智成親王（きたしらかわのみやさとなりしんのう、安政3年6月21日(旧暦)（1856年7月22日）-明治5年1月2日(旧暦)（1872年2月10日））は、江戸時代末期、明治時代初期の日本の皇族。
English: He was adopted by Emperor Komei in 1860 to become a disciple of the head priest who is a member of nobility or Imperial family of Shogo-in Temple, the Cloistered Imperial Prince Katsuhito (雄仁) (later Imperial Prince Shogoinnomiya Yoshikoto).
Japanese: 万延元年（1860年）孝明天皇の養子となり、聖護院門跡雄仁法親王（後の聖護院宮嘉言親王）附弟となる。
English: He was given the title of Imperial Prince in February 1866, and named Satonari.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）2月に親王宣下を受け、智成（さとなり）と命名される。
English: At the Meiji Restoration in 1868, he was named Shokoinnomiya, returned to secular life, and was called Imperial Prince Satonari again.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）明治維新に際し、照高院宮（しょうこういんのみや）を称し、還俗し、再び智成親王を称する。
English: In 1870, he changed his reigning name to Kitashirakawanomiya because it was hard to distinguish it from the former monzeki (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or the Imperial family).
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）宮号が旧門跡との区別が判然としないとの理由で北白川宮に改称する。
English: Hideko NIWATA (year of birth unknown - May 4, 1685) was Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) of Emperor Gokomyo.
Japanese: 庭田秀子（にわたひでこ、生年不詳-貞享2年4月2日(旧暦)（1685年5月4日））は江戸時代の後光明天皇典侍。
English: After being appointed to Naishi no suke later, she was called Gen no Naishinosuke, Gen no Otenji, and Koichijo no Tsubone.
Japanese: その後典侍に任じられた後は本姓から源典侍、源大典侍や、小一条局と呼ばれた。
English: Imperial princess Takako received a title of Princess by Imperial order in 1683, but Hideko passed away on May 4, 1685, two years after that.
Japanese: 皇女孝子は天和4年（1683年）に内親王宣下を受けるが秀子はその2年後の貞享2年（1685年）4月2日に死去する。
English: Hachijonomiya Imperial Prince Toshitada (November 24, 1620 - August 20, 1662) was a member of the Japanese Imperial Family who lived in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 八条宮智忠親王（はちじょうのみやとしただしんのう、元和6年11月1日（1620年11月24日）-寛文2年7月7日（1662年8月20日）は、江戸時代前期の日本の皇族。
English: In 1624, he became a yushi (another's child considered as one's own) of Emperor Gomizunoo, then in 1626, he received the Imperial order for being an Imperial Prince and was named Tadahito.
Japanese: 寛永元年（1624年）後水尾天皇の猶子となり、寛永3年（1626年）12月親王宣下を受け、忠仁（ただひと）と命名される。
English: In September 1642, he married Tomiko, a daughter of Toshitsune MAEDA, but they couldn't produce an heir, so, he adopted Imperial Prince Yasuhito who was the thirteenth son of Emperor Gomizunoo in 1654.
Japanese: 寛永19年（1642年）9月前田利常の女富子を妃とするが、後嗣を儲けることはできなかったため、承応3年（1654年）後水尾天皇の第13皇子穏仁親王を養子とする。
English: The villa of katsura (Katsura Imperial Villa), which had been built by his father (Imperial Prince Toshihito), was left in ruins for some time after his father's death, but Imperial Prince Toshitada renovated and extended it to convert it into a palace, while also working to maintain the garden.
Japanese: 父智仁親王が造営した桂の別荘（桂離宮）は父の没後、しばらく荒廃していたが、智忠親王はこれを改修し、御殿を増築し、庭園を整備することに努めた。
English: Princess Akiko (1638 - August 2, 1680) was a member of the Japanese Imperial Family.
Japanese: 明子女王（あきこにょおう寛永15年（1638年）-延宝8年7月8日（1680年8月2日））は、日本の皇族。
English: She was born in the Edo period as a daughter of Takamatsunomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihito who was Emperor Gomizunoo's son and became a nyogo (a consort of an emperor) of Emperor Gosai.
Japanese: 江戸時代、後水尾天皇皇子の高松宮好仁親王王女として生まれ、後西天皇女御となる。
English: His father, Imperial Prince Yoshihito passed away without having a son in 1638 when Princess Akiko was born.
Japanese: 父王の好仁親王は明子女王の生まれた寛永15年（1638年）に、男子の無いまま薨去した。
English: Thus, the sixth son of Emperor Gomizunoo, Hidenomiya received the Imperial order for being an Imperial Prince and he became Imperial Prince Nagahito (Emperor Gosai), then took over the Takamatsunomiya family.
Japanese: この為、後水尾天皇第六皇子の秀宮を親王宣下し良仁親王（ながひとしんのう：後西天皇）となし、高松宮を継承させた。
English: In 1651, their wedding ceremony was held after the genpuku (coming-of-age ceremony) of Imperial Prince, then she gave birth to Yaonomiya (latter-day Imperial Princess Tomoko) three years later in June 1654.
Japanese: 慶安4年（1651年）親王の元服に伴い婚儀が行われ御息所となり、3年後の承応3年（1654年）6月に八百宮（後の誠子内親王）を生む。
English: On September 20 (old lunar calendar) of the same year, Emperor Gokomyo passed away, then Atenomiya (Emperor Reigen) was supposed to ascend the throne, but he was too young to be the Emperor and Imperial Prince Nagahito was enthroned.
Japanese: 同年9月20日(旧暦)、後光明天皇が崩御、本来高貴宮（霊元天皇）が皇嗣と定められていたが、高貴宮はまだ幼少であった為、良仁親王が皇位につくこととなった。
English: Princess Akiko gave birth to Hachijonomiya Imperial Prince Osahito (later, took over the Hachijonomiya family) on May 14 of the same year.
Japanese: 明子女王はその年の5月14日(旧暦)に八条宮長仁親王（後、八条宮を継承する）を生む。
English: Akiko had been called nyogo without receiving the Imperial order for being a nyogo after Emperor Gosai assumed the throne, but she received the order in 1656.
Japanese: 明子は後西天皇即位後、女御宣下のないまま女御と称されていたが、明暦2年（1656年）に女御宣下される。
English: Princess Akiko died of illness on July 8, 1680 at the age of 43 and was posthumously named 妙吉祥院聖輔義英太夫人.
Japanese: 明子女王は延宝8年（1680年）7月8日病が元で、43歳で没し、妙吉祥院聖輔義英太夫人と諡される。
English: Fusako TAKATSUKASA (October 12, 1653 - May 19, 1712) was a member of the Japanese Imperial Family.
Japanese: 鷹司房子（たかつかさふさこ、承応2年8月21日（1653年10月12日）-正徳2年4月14日（1712年5月19日））は、日本の皇族。
English: On November 21, 1669, she got married to Emperor Reigen who was one year older than she was and became a nyogo (court lady).
Japanese: 寛文9年（1669年）11月21日、1歳年長の霊元天皇のもとに入内し女御となる。
English: On May 9, 1673, the Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire and the residence of Udaijin (minister of the right) Motohiro KONOE was used as a temporary Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 寛文13年（1673年）5月9日に内裏が炎上し、右大臣近衛基熙邸を仮御所とする。
English: In fact, the former emperor, Emperor Gosai used Motohiro KONOE's residence as a temporary Imperial Palace due to the fire in January 1661.
Japanese: 実は先代の後西天皇も万治4年（1661年）正月の火災によって近衛基熙邸を仮御所としていた。
English: In the midst of all this, Fusako got pregnant and gave birth to Imperial Princess Masako on August 23 of the same year.
Japanese: さて、その中房子は懐妊しており、その年の8月23日に栄子内親王を生む。
English: Due to the great fire in Kyoto which spread to the Imperial Palace, the era name was changed to Enpo, but on November 25, 1675 (Enpo 3) after the new Imperial Court was completed, Motohiro KONOE's residence, the temporary Imperial Court was also hit by fire.
Japanese: 先の内裏をも延焼させた京都大火災によって元号は延宝と改められる事となったが、延宝3年（1675年）11月25日新たな内裏が完成した矢先に今度は仮御所の近衛基熙邸が火災に見舞われる。
English: On December 7, 1682, she received the Imperial order to be ranked as Jusango, then officially became the second consort of Emperor Reigen by royal edict on February 14, the next year.
Japanese: 房子は天和2年（1682年）12月7日准三后宣下され、翌年の2月14日には中宮に冊立される。
English: She became the Empress as a legal wife, there are only 4 cases, including Fusako, where a legal wife became the Empress during the Edo period.
Japanese: 嫡妻として立后された訳だが、江戸時代で嫡妻が立后される例は房子を含め4例しかない。
English: Emperor Reigen transferred his imperial throne to Emperor Higashiyama on March 21, 1687.
Japanese: 霊元天皇は貞享4年（1687年）3月21日に東山天皇（東山天皇）に譲位する。
English: Fusako received the Imperial order to be given a nyoingo, Shinjosaimonin on March 25 of the same year along with the emperor's abdication.
Japanese: 房子は天皇の譲位に伴い同年3月25日に新上西門院の女院号を宣下される。
English: MINAMOTO no Hikaru (July 9, 845 - April 21, 913) was a court noble who lived in the Heian period.
Japanese: 源光（みなもとのひかる、承和12年6月2日（845年7月9日）　-延喜13年3月12日（913年4月21日））は、平安時代の公卿。
English: He was one of the main culprits who delivered SUGAWARA no Michizane by colluding with FUJIWARA no Tokihira during the reign of Emperor Daigo, in 901, he was appointed as Udaijin to take the place of Michizane.
Japanese: 醍醐天皇朝において藤原時平と結託し菅原道真を失脚させた張本人の一人とされ、延喜元年（901年）に道真の後任の右大臣に任官。
English: It is said that since his body wasn't found, people feared that it was because of the "wrath of Michizane's ghost."
Japanese: 遺体が上がらなかったことから、世人はこれを「道真の怨霊の仕業」として畏れ慄いたと伝わる。
English: FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who felt kindly toward Michizane unlike him or Tokihira, was appointed as a successor of Udaijin.
Japanese: 後任の右大臣には彼や時平とは違い、道真に好意を持っていた藤原忠平が就任した。
English: A group from the Minamoto clan, derived from Hikaru and his brothers, was later called Ninmyo-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 光やその兄弟を祖とする源氏の一群は、後世において仁明源氏と称された。
English: Hikaru's grandson, MINAMOTO no Atsushi is known to have become MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka's son-in-law and adopted MINAMOTO no Tsuna (WATANABE no Tsuna) of Saga-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 光の孫の源敦は源満仲の女婿となり、嵯峨源氏の源綱（渡辺綱）を養子としたことで知られる。
English: The next generation, Toshi got married to Morikuni Tateishi's sisters and their son, Moriyuki also named himself the Tateishi clan.
Japanese: またその後に出た年は、立石盛国の姉妹と結婚し、間に儲けた盛行も立石氏を名乗る事となった。
English: Miketsukuni indicated the supply provinces making offerings, namely the province that was assumed to supply food (secondary diet component except for grain), mainly marine products, to the Imperial family and Imperial court, from ancient Japan to the Heian period.
Japanese: 御食国（みけつくに）は、日本古代から平安時代まで、贄（にえ）の貢進国、すなわち皇室・朝廷に海水産物を中心とした御食料（穀類以外の副食物）を貢いだと推定される国を指す言葉。
English: Soyocho (a tax system, corvee) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was imposed on each province, but it was considered that the offering had to be paid in addition to the tax.
Japanese: 律令制のもと租庸調の税が各国に課せられたが、これとは別に贄の納付が定められていたと考えられる。
English: As it was seen many times in the poems of home admiration written in "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), it seemed that Wakasa Province, Shima Province, and Awaji Province to be the appropriate Miketsukuni from the statement of the supply provinces making offerings in the "Engishiki" (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) and the statement on mokkan (a narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) that was discovered from the former site of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).
Japanese: 『万葉集』にある郷土礼讃の歌に散見され、『延喜式』の贄の貢進国の記述、平城京跡から出土した木簡の記述などから、若狭国・志摩国・淡路国などへの該当が推定されている。
English: Marine products such as; salt, abalone, and seaweed were used as shinsen (food and alcohol offering to the gods) at a Shinto ritual.
Japanese: 塩や鰒（アワビ）、海草などの海産物は、神事の際などに貢がれる神饌として古くから用いられた。