nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Iesada claimed Atsuko TAKATSUKASA (Tenjin-in Ari-gimi), who was a daughter of Masahiro TAKATSUKASA, and Hideko ICHIJO (Choshin-in Sume-gimi), who was a daughter of Tadayoshi ICHIJOU, as his lawful wife.
Japanese: 家定は正室として鷹司政煕の娘・鷹司任子（天親院有君）や一条忠良の娘・一条秀子（澄心院寿明君）を迎えた。
English: However, both of his lawful wives died young; moreover, Iesada was without a biological child of his own with Sumiko (Tensho-in and his third legal wife), who was the adopted daughter of Tadahiro KONOE.
Japanese: しかし、いずれも早世し、近衛忠煕の養女・敬子（天璋院）との間にも実子は生まれなかった。
English: Moreover, at the time of Iesada's worsening health condition, this dispute intensified.
Japanese: さらに、家定の病気が悪化した安政4年（1857年）頃からは、それが激化する。
English: For Iesada's successor, there were two groups diverged over proposed heirs; Naosuke II and others of the Nanki group favored Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA (Iemochi TOKUGAWA) who was the lord of the Kishu domain and Nariakira SHIMAZU and Nariaki TOKUGAWA of the Hitotsubashi group favored Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI (Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA).
Japanese: 家定の後継者候補として、井伊直弼らが推薦する紀州藩主の徳川慶福（のちの徳川家茂）を将軍継嗣に推す南紀派と、島津斉彬や徳川斉昭が推す一橋慶喜（徳川慶喜）支持の一橋派が上がる。
English: However, on August 4th, 1858, Iesada called a meeting of the daimyos (Japanese feudal lord) to declare that he had chosen Yoshitomi as his successor to Shogun.
Japanese: しかし、安政5年6月25日（1858年）、諸大名を招集して慶福を将軍継嗣にするという意向を伝えた。
English: On August 13th, 1858, Iesada demonstrated an exceptional initiative and announced the punishment on the daimyos of the Hitotsubashi group.
Japanese: 安政5年7月5日（1858年8月13日）に一橋派の諸大名の処分を発表するという異例の行動を見せた。
English: Although Bakufu confronted with a difficult situation at the end of the Edo Period, Iesada had been in poor health, so the problem of successor appeared immediately following his assumption the Shogun position.
Japanese: 幕末の難局にも関わらず、家定は就任直後から後継問題が浮上するほど体が弱かった。
English: Some historians and other experts supported a theory that Iesada may have suffered from cerebral palsy, so he was not capable of demonstrating his leadership abilities in the role of Shogun.
Japanese: 一説には脳性麻痺だったとも言われ、将軍として指導力を示すことが出来なかった。
English: Also, Iesada made cooked beans and steamed potatoes, and sometimes he did not consume all of those foods by himself and shared those foods with his vassals.
Japanese: また煮豆やふかし芋などを作り、自分だけで食べずに、時には家臣たちに振る舞まっている。
English: "It was said that Iesada was mediocre and an imbecile, but that was result of comparing him with Echizen (Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA) and Satsuma (Nariakira SHIMAZU)."
Japanese: 「凡庸だ暗愚だと言われているが、それは越前（松平慶永）や薩摩（島津斉彬）らと比較するからである。」
English: There was one anecdote; when Iesada visited his grandfather, Ienari, at Nishi-no-Maru palace, Iesada left the served food untouched since Iesada thought his food may have been poisoned.
Japanese: 家定が西之丸の祖父・家斉を訪れた際、出された食事に毒が入っているかもしれないと考えて箸をつけなかったという逸話も残っている。
English: According to a journal of HARRIS, a minister in the government of the United States of America, HARRIS wrote that Iesada performed physical actions before he spoke a word that he bent his head backward and stamped his feet as he granted HARRIS an audience.
Japanese: アメリカ公使ハリスの日記によると、ハリスと引見した際、言葉を発する前に頭を後方に反らし、足を踏み鳴らすという行動をとったとある。
English: "I'm deeply impressed and am extremely satisfied with the effort of delivering a correspondence in sending an envoy from a faraway distance place and also its kindness."
Japanese: 「遥か遠方より使節をもって書簡の届け来ること、ならびにその厚情、深く感じ入り満足至極である。」
English: "You shall exactly tell the president of the United Sates that U.S. and our state (Japan), two nations, will continue our close friendly relationship forever."
Japanese: 「両国の親しき交わりは幾久しく続くであろう合衆国プレジデントにしかと伝えるべし。」
English: On the other hand, some historians and other experts support a theory that a substitute person, who was concealed underneath the floor, made the great response speech; Iesada had sent a signal to the substitute person in the stomping of his feet.
Japanese: 一方、立派な返答をしたのは床下に控えていた代理であり、足を踏み鳴らしたのは代理に対して合図を送っていたという説もある。
English: There was a derivative miscommunication from an article in the Asano Shinbun (Asano Newspaper), so the common people circulated it as follow; Iesada chased birds in a garden.
Japanese: 庭の鳥を追いかけるなどしたというのは朝野新聞の記事から派生した訛伝である。
English: About the juyo (wedding of higher class nobles and other higher social stature personals) process of Tenshoin (An adapted daughter of Nariakira SHIMAZU, Atsuko; and later, she became an adopted daughter of Tadahiro KONOE and changed her name to, Sumiko), historians and other experts determined that Iesada and the O-oku (Edo Bakufu Shogun's inner palace residence and where successive shoguns' wives, ladies, and children were living) residents hoped to have his third lawful wife would be a Satsuma born woman to share in the good luck of his grand father, Ienari, who lived longer and had many children (Kodaiin; she was midaidokoro [a wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman] of Ienari and was a daughter of Shigehide SHIMAZU).
Japanese: 天璋院（島津斉彬の養女・篤子、のち近衛忠煕の養女・敬子）の入輿について、家定や大奥が長命で子沢山だった祖父・家斉にあやかって薩摩出身の夫人を望んだことが明らかになっている（家斉の御台所広大院は島津重豪の娘）。
English: Some historians and other experts supported a theory that the length of the successive Shoguns' ihai (Buddhist mortuary tablet) tablets, which were stored in the Daiju-ji temple, were the same length as the heights of each successive Shogun; this fact was identified by from the remains.
Japanese: 大樹寺に収められている各将軍の位牌が、遺骨から判明したそれぞれの身長と同じ高さであるとする説がある。
English: According to this theory, Iesada's height could be estimated about one hundred and forty-nine centimeters.
Japanese: その説から、家定の身長については149cm程度であったと推測される。
English: Additionally, the ihai tablet of his father, Ieyoshi, was one hundred and fifty-three centimeters, and there was about one centimeter difference from his real height.
Japanese: また、父・家慶の位牌が153cmで実際の身長より誤差が1cmあまりである。
English: However in reality, there were various differences between the heights of the ihai tablets and the real heights of successive Shoguns; so it was not a reliable theory.
Japanese: しかし、実際には位牌の高さと実際の身長にはまちまちの誤差があり、信憑性のない説となっている。
English: However, according to Kansui ASAHINA (he later served in several governmental positions: Gaikoku So-bugyo [a controller of magistrates of foreign affairs], Machi-bugyo [town magistrate] and Kanjo-bugyo [magistrates of finance]) who was Iesada's soba-kosho (closest noble's page) said "the reason why Iesada had a discordant relationship with Yoshinobu was simply that Yoshinobu had a more beautiful figure than he (Iesada) had."
Japanese: しかし、側小姓であった朝比奈閑水（後に外国総奉行・町奉行・勘定奉行を務める）の回想によると「単に自分（＝家定）より慶喜の方が美形であったから」という。
English: Additionally, Yoshinobu (his biological mother, Yoshiko Joo, was as a sister of Takako Joo who was a lawful wife of Ieyoshi) was a cousin in law of Iesada.
Japanese: なお、慶喜は（生母吉子女王が家慶の正室喬子女王の姉妹にあたるので）義理の従弟である。
English: Iesada said, "Because of my illness, I can not participate in ruling politics, so I stay inside the palace and was trying slightly not to lose my manner" ("Ansei Kiji," a book written by Chiso NAITO).
Japanese: 「疾ありて政をきくことあたはず、ただ廷中わずかに儀容を失はざるのみなり」とある（安政紀事）。
English: Iesada first referred to himself as Iesachi (it also pronounced as, "Iesaki") then assumed the name of Iesada upon his inauguration as Shogun.
Japanese: 家定は初め家祥（いえさち、いえさき）と名乗っていたが将軍就任に際して家定に改名している。
English: The reason behind Iesada's name change was because successive Edo Bakufu Shoguns (Ietsuna [家綱] TOKUGAWA, Tsunayoshi [綱吉] TOKUGAWA, Ietsugu [家継] TOKUGAWA, and Ieharu [家治] TOKUGAWA) whose names were formed with hen (the left-hand side [radical] of a Chinese character) were childless (a biological child) or even these Shoguns with biological children had died young.
Japanese: これは名に偏のついた江戸幕府の将軍（徳川家綱、徳川綱吉、徳川家継、徳川家治）には実子がないか、いても早世した。
English: The families who would be able to receive one character (Henki [a portion of the name of a person in high rank, which is given to a retainer to show their subordination]) of a Shogun's name was predetermined by the social standing of a family.
Japanese: 将軍の一字（偏諱）を拝領する家柄は固定していたので、元来「定」の字を使用していた大名が遠慮して改名するという現象を生じた（例：久松氏）。
English: Thus, Iesada's name change produced the following phenomenon; daimyos that had originally used the character, "定" (sada), for their name, changed their names in demonstrating of respect to Iesada's name (Example, the Hisamatsu clan).
Japanese: そのため、元来「定」の字を使用していた大名が遠慮して改名するという現象を生じた（例：久松氏）。
English: Iesada's death was the day after the daimyos who belonged to the Hitotsubashi group suffered punishment, so the rumor circulated that the Hitotsubashi group used oku ishi (inner physicians, doctors who treated the Tokugawa family), Rekisenin OKA, to assassinate Iesada by poisoning.
Japanese: その死は一橋派の諸大名処分の翌日であったため、一橋派が奥医師岡櫟仙院を使って家定を毒殺したのではないか、という噂が流布されたことがある。
English: The cause of Iesada's death is widely reported as the worsening of his chronic disease, beriberi or cholera which broke out at that time.
Japanese: 家定の死因は、通説では持病の脚気が悪化したためとも、当時流行していたコレラによるものとも言われている。
English: Just before Iesada's death, Tairo (chief minister), Naosuke II, and Iesada's biological mother, Honjuin, decided to give his doctors permission to come to Edo-jo castle; and those doctors were Chinese medicine doctors, Choan TODA, and Ranpoi (a person who studied Western medicine by means of the Dutch language), Genboku ITO and Seikai TOTSUKA.
Japanese: 家定の死の直前、大老井伊直弼と実母の本寿院との判断で、漢方医青木春岱・遠田澄庵、蘭方医伊東玄朴・戸塚静海が江戸城登城を許される。
English: Koemon ISONO (November 12, 1825 - June 11, 1903) was an entrepreneur, primarily based in Osaka from the end of Edo Period to Meiji Period.
Japanese: 磯野小右衛門（いそのこえもん、文政8年10月3日(旧暦)（1825年11月12日）-明治36年（1903年）6月11日）は、幕末から明治にかけて大阪を中心に活躍した実業家。
English: He contributed to the restoration of Dojima rice exchange market and became the first chief of Dojima rice association (later, Dojima rice trading company) in 1871.
Japanese: 明治維新後堂島米市場の再興に尽力し、明治4年（1871年）堂島米会所（後の堂島米商会所）を再興して初代頭取となった。
English: Also at the establishment of Osaka Chamber of Commercial Law (later, Osaka Chamber of Business, the predecessor of the present Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry), he became one of its promoters, and served as the 4th chief of Osaka Chamber of Business from 1891 to 1894.
Japanese: また、明治11年（1878年）の大阪商法会議所（のち大阪商業会議所を経て現大阪商工会議所の前身）設立にあったては発起人に名を連ね、明治24年（1891年）7月より明治27年（1894年）3月にかけて大阪商業会議所4代目会頭をつとめた。
English: He adopted Bun, the daughter of Kaoru INOUE, but she later changed to her original family name, INOUE.
Japanese: 井上馨の娘であった聞(ぶん)を養女にしたが、聞は後に井上姓に戻った。
English: Takeshiro MATSUURA (March 12 1818-February 10 1888) was a Japanese explorer who was active from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 松浦武四郎（まつうらたけしろう、文政元年2月6日(旧暦)（1818年3月12日）-明治21年（1888年）2月10日）は、江戸時代、幕末から明治時代にかけて活動した日本の探検家。
English: MATSUURA was the fourth son of Keisuke MATSUURA, a goshi (rural) samurai from Sugawamura, Ichishi District, Ise Province (current day Onoecho, Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 伊勢国一志郡須川村（現在の三重県松阪市小野江町）の郷士松浦桂介の四男。
English: From early on he travelled to many provinces, and in 1838 became a Buddhist monk, taking the name Bunkei.
Japanese: 早くから諸国をめぐっており、1838年には平戸で僧となり、文桂と名乗った。
English: In 1855 he was chosen for official Ezo duty, travelling again to Ezo to survey the area and publishing the 'Geographical Map of East and West Ezo Mountains and Rivers.'
Japanese: 1855年に蝦夷御用御雇に抜擢され再び蝦夷地を踏査、「東西蝦夷山川地理取調図」を出版した。
English: In 1869 he became a government urban planner, and was responsible for naming Ezochi 'Hokkaido' and assigning Ainu names to the provinces and districts.
Japanese: 明治に入った1869年には開拓判官となり、蝦夷地に「北海道」の名を与えたほか、アイヌ語の地名をもとに国名・郡名を選定した。
English: In 1879 he criticised the Hokkaido Development Commissioner, and after resigning from his post, spent the remainder of his life as a writer, travelling the country up to the year before he died.
Japanese: 1870年に開拓使を批判して職を辞してからは余生を著述に過ごしたが、死の前年まで全国歴遊はやめなかったという。
English: When he was 68 he began climbing Mt. Odaigahara after being influenced by Tessai TOMIOKA, and at his own expense built a mountain trail and set up a small hut on the mountain.
Japanese: 晩年の68歳より、富岡鉄斎からの影響で奈良県大台ケ原に登り始め、自費で登山道の整備、小屋の建設などを行った。
English: Part of his cremains were buried at a monument dedicated to him that was erected in 1889 in his beloved Nagoya Valley in West Odai.
Japanese: 遺骨は、武四郎が最も好きだったという西大台・ナゴヤ谷に1889年建てられた「松浦武四郎碑」に分骨されてもいる。
English: Also, the 'Matsuura Takeshiro Memorial Museum' has been built in his birth town of Onoe, Matsuaka City, Mie Prefecture.
Japanese: なお、生地の三重県松阪市小野江町には、「松浦武四郎記念館」が建っている。
English: The Matsuura family are said to have arrived in Ise Province in the Middle Ages as members of the Matsuura clan of Hirado, Hizen Province.
Japanese: 松浦家は、肥前国平戸の松浦氏の一族で中世に伊勢国へ来たといわれている。
English: Genzui KUSAKA (1840 - August 20, 1864) was a Japanese samurai and feudal retainer of the Choshu clan.
Japanese: 久坂玄瑞（くさかげんずい、天保11年（1840年）-元治元年7月19日(旧暦)（1864年8月20日））は、日本の武士･長州藩士。
English: He was born in Hiyako, Hagi, Nagato Province (now Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture) as the second son of Choshu clan doctor Ryoteki KUSAKA and his wife Tomiko.
Japanese: 長門国萩平安古（現・山口県萩市）に萩藩医・久坂良迪、富子の二男として生まれる。
English: He studied medicine and Western literature at the domain school, Meirinkan, and in 1856, traveled to the Kyushu region to continue his studies at age 17.
Japanese: 藩校明倫館に入って医学および洋書を学んだのち、安政3年（1856年）、17歳で九州に遊学。
English: After returning to the domain, he studied at the Shoka Sonjuku private school, and was referred to as one of the top three students, along with Shinsaku TAKASUGI and Toshimaro YOSHIDA.
Japanese: 帰藩後、松下村塾に学び、高杉晋作、吉田稔麿と共に村塾の三秀といわれた。
English: Shoin recognized KUSAKA's talent as number one in Choshu; he had KUSAKA compete with Shinsaku TAKASUGI in order to draw out his potential.
Japanese: 松陰は久坂を長州第一の俊才であると認め、高杉晋作と争わせて才能を開花させるようつとめた。
English: After Shoin was executed during the Ansei Purge, he succeeded as the leader of the Sonno Joi movement.
Japanese: 安政の大獄によって松陰が刑死した後、尊攘運動の先頭に立つようになる。
English: He then traveled to Kyoto with his comrades in 1862, and submitted a petition for impeachment of NAGAI to the clan.
Japanese: すると、文久2年（1862年）同志と共に上京し、長井の弾劾書を藩に提出。
English: In October of the same year, he went to Edo with imperial envoys including Sanetomi SANJO and Kintomo ANEGAKOJI, to urge the shogunate to expel foreigners.
Japanese: 同年10月、幕府へ攘夷を督促するための勅使三条実美、姉小路公知らと共に江戸に入った。
English: He later went to Kyoto via Mito and Shinshu, and met with the other retainers at the Suikokan mansion on January 27, 1863.
Japanese: その後、水戸、信州を経て京都に入り、文久3年（1863年）1月27日に京都翠紅館にて各藩士と会合。
English: However, he remained in Kyoto for a while as a clan government officer, and planned recover his position.
Japanese: その後、しばらくの間京都詰の政務座役として在京し、失地回復を図った。
English: However, in June of the following year, 1864, the tragic news of the Ikedaya Incident spread throughout the domain, causing another debate on whether or not to fight in Kyoto.
Japanese: しかし、翌元治元年（1864年）6月、池田屋事件の悲報が国許に伝わると藩内で京都進発の論議が沸騰した。
English: Giretsu Kaiten Hyakushu (collection of poems by samurai heroes) published in 1874 includes his poem.
Japanese: 明治7年（1874年）発行の義烈回天百首には、彼の歌が収録されている。
English: A little cuckoo is crying in blood, and no one knows it except for the moon in the early morning.
Japanese: 時鳥血爾奈く声盤有明能月与り他爾知る人ぞ那起（ほととぎすちになくこえはありあけのつきよりほかにしるひとぞなき）
English: Masayoshi MATSUKATA (March 23, 1835-July 2, 1924) was a Japanese samurai (feudal retainer of Satsuma) and a statesman.
Japanese: 松方正義（まつかたまさよし、1835年3月23日（天保6年2月25日(旧暦)）-1924年（大正13年）7月2日）は日本の武士（薩摩藩士）、政治家。
English: He was a financier representing the modern Japan, held various posts such as a Naimu-kyo (Minister of Interior) in 1880 and a Okura-kyo (Minister of Treasury) in 1881, and established the Bank of Japan in 1882.
Japanese: 近代日本を代表する財政家であり、明治13年（1880年）に内務卿、明治14年（1881年）に大蔵卿を歴任、翌・明治15年（1882年）に日本銀行を設立。
English: In 1850, he began working as a clerk accountant in the treasury (office of the domain government), and earned 4 koku of Fuchimai (salary rice).
Japanese: 嘉永3年（1850年）､御勘定所出物問合方へ出仕し､扶持米4石を得る。
English: After that, he became a clerk at the treasury, and while he had served for seven years, he had several chances to have an audience with the domain lord, and was awarded 130 ryo of gold as special compensation for his diligence.
Japanese: この後､大番頭座書役となり､7年間勤めたが､この間幾度か藩主に拝謁する機会も得､精勤振りを認められ､褒賞として金130両を下賜された。
English: His unusual rise from humble beginnings gave rise to envy as well as admiration.
Japanese: 低い身分から異例の出世を遂げた松方に対し称賛する者もいる反面､妬む者もいたという。
English: In 1866, a Navy of the Military Affairs Bureau was founded, and he was appointed assistant commissioner for ships and placed in charge of the warship.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）、軍務局海軍方が設置され御船奉行添役と御軍艦掛に任命される。
English: In 1867, he was placed in charge of military preparation as well, and traveled back and forth between Nagasaki and Kagoshima, purchasing warships.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）、軍賦役兼勤となり、長崎と鹿児島を往復して、軍艦の買い付けなどに当たった。
English: In Hita, MATSUKATA detected that huge amount of counterfeit bills of Dajokan-satsu (the government's paper money) were circulated, and after investigation, he revealed the domain-wide involvement of forging them in Fukuoka Domain, which was admired by Toshimichi OKUBO, and OKUBO's recommendation made him assume the posts of Minbu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) and chief of taxation.
Japanese: 日田で松方は大量の太政官札の偽札流通を発見して調査の末、福岡藩による藩ぐるみの偽札製造の事実を明らかにしたことで大久保利通の評価を得て、その推挙で民部大丞・租税権領に就任する。
English: Since then, he had specialized in financial affairs as a bureaucrat of Ministry of Treasury and engaged in the land-tax reform under the Minister of Interior OKUBO.
Japanese: 以降は大蔵省官僚として財政畑を歩み、内務卿大久保の下では地租改正にあたる。
English: MATSUKATA was in direct opposition to OKUMA's policy of seeking foreign loans to adjust government-issued bills.
Japanese: 松方は大隈が進める外債による政府発行紙幣の整理に真っ向から反対したのである。
English: As a result, he left the Ministry of Treasury and was reassigned a Minister of Interior due to Hirobumi ITO's thoughtfulness.
Japanese: その結果、伊藤博文の配慮によって内務卿に転出する形で大蔵省を去った。
English: But he returned to the Ministry of Treasury as a Councillor and the Minister after OKUMA resigned because of the Meiji-14 coup of 1881.
Japanese: だが、明治14年（1881年）の明治14年の政変によって大隈が退陣すると、参議兼大蔵卿として復帰する。
English: MATSUKATA worked on implementation of monetary policy centered on the adjustment of government-issued bills, which was later called the MATSUKATA finance, and after he established the Bank of Japan, he abolished government-issued bills and started to issue the Bank of Japan notes as convertible currency.
Japanese: 松方は後に松方財政と呼ばれる政府発行紙幣の整理を中心とする金融政策の実現に取り組み、日本銀行の設立を経て、政府発行紙幣の全廃と兌換紙幣である日本銀行券の発行を行った。
English: This policy made treasury budget improved substantially, but it caused a serious deflation which was called the 'Matsukata deflation,' and resulted in public antipathy.
Japanese: この政策によって財政収支は大幅に改善されたものの、深刻なデフレーションを招いたために「松方デフレ」と呼ばれて、世論の反感を買った。
English: In 1891, after the First Yamagata cabinet resigned, he was appointed as prime minister (the First Matsukata cabinet).
Japanese: 明治24年（1891年）に第1次山縣内閣が倒れると総理大臣に任命された（第1次松方内閣）。
English: But, lasting disagreement among cabinet members and unstable Diet management forced him to resign in a little over a year.
Japanese: しかし閣内の不一致や不安定な議会運営が続き、1年強で辞任に追い込まれた。
English: After that, MATSUKATA was ordered to form a cabinet again by the Emperor in1896, following the Second Ito cabinet, and he achieved a return to the gold standard system which had been a pending problem, but he failed to be in liaison with the Shinpo-to (Progressive Party) led by Shigenobu OKUMA and forced to resign in a year and several months again.
Japanese: その後第2次伊藤内閣を挟んで明治29年（1896年）に再び松方に組閣の大命が下るが、懸案であった金本位制への復帰こそ成し遂げたものの、大隈重信率いる進歩党(日本)との連繋がうまくいかず、同じく1年数か月で辞任を余儀なくされた。
English: In terms of his age and career, he could have been a key figure in Satsuma clique, but he didn't have adequate political skills except finance (his first and second cabinets both collapsed easily because of internal division), which caused him being underestimated, and for that reason, he is said to have failed to hold factions together.
Japanese: 年齢、キャリアからすれば薩摩閥の中核となるべき人物であったが、財政面以外での政治手腕には欠けるところがあった（2度の内閣がともに閣内分裂が理由であっけなく倒れた）ために軽んじられており、それゆえ派閥をまとめることが出来なかったといわれる。
English: However, he had gained considerable credibility with the Emperor Meiji, during the period of MATSUKATA finance, he received an imperial rescript entrusting financial affairs to him in the face of opposition from the cabinet members and genkun (the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration), and he moved forward with his financial policy.
Japanese: ただし、明治天皇からの信頼は絶大であり、松方財政においても、閣僚や元勲の反対の中、天皇から財政委任の詔勅を得、財政をすすめている。
English: At the time of the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, opposing negative group including ITO and Kaoru INOUE, he insisted on start of the war, saying that he could resolve financial concerns, and led the Council of Genro.
Japanese: 日露戦争の開戦に当たっては、消極派の伊藤・井上馨らに反論し、積極的に開戦を主張、財政上の懸念は解決できると豪語し、元老会議を主導した。
English: After ITO and Aritomo YAMAGATA died, he entered the position leading Genro, and contributed to establishing the Tomosaburo KATO cabinet.
Japanese: 伊藤・山縣有朋らの死後は元老を主導する立場となり加藤友三郎内閣の成立などに貢献した。
English: His wife was a daughter of the second sosui (commander-in-chief) Yanosuke IWASAKI (former president of the Bank of Japan) who was a younger brother of the Mitsubishi Zaibatsu founder Yataro IWASAKI.
Japanese: -妻は三菱財閥創始者岩崎弥太郎の弟で2代目総帥岩崎弥之助（元日本銀行総裁）の娘
English: Fourth son : Masao MATSUKATA (the first owner of the Hanshin Tigers who got into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986)
Japanese: 四男松方正雄（阪神タイガース初代オーナー、1986年に野球殿堂入り）
English: His wife was a daughter of Ryoichiro ARAI, and Shokuma's daughter Haru MATSUKATA REISCHAUER married Edwin O. REISCHAUER.
Japanese: -妻は新井領一郎の娘正熊の娘ハル・松方・ライシャワーはエドウィン・O・ライシャワーに嫁す
English: Since after Izuminokami MATSUKATA at the age of 15 went to Nagasaki to learn the manufacturing of guns at the behest of the lord in the 17th century, the family had gotten salaries by supervising the gun manufacturing.
Japanese: 17世紀に松方和泉守が15歳で主命を受けて長崎に鉄砲製造の術を研究に行って以来、鉄砲製造を監督指導して禄を食んできた。
English: Masaki MATSUDA who was born into a goshi (country samurai) family and had been engaged in business was adopted by a feudal retainer of domain Shichiemon MATSUKATA who appreciated his ability, and when Shichiemon died in 1818, he inherited the position as the head of the MATSUKATA family, and changed his name to ''Masaki MATSUKATA'' which he had used ever since.
Japanese: 郷士の家に生まれ商業に従事していた松田正恭は、藩士松方七右衛門に見込まれ養子となり七右衛門が没した1818年、松方家の家督を相続し、名を改め以来、"松方正恭"と名乗った。
English: As Masayoshi had many children (24 children of 13 sons and 11 daughters), one day, when he was asked by the Emperor Meiji how many children he had, he couldn't remember, and answered that he would research and report it later.
Japanese: 正義は非常に子沢山（13男11女の24人という）で、或る日、明治天皇から何人子供がいるのかと尋ねられたが咄嗟に思い出せず、「後日調査の上、御報告申し上げます」と奏上したという。
English: Shosaku's wife Shigeko was the oldest daughter of the second sosui of Mitsubishi Zaibatsu Yanosuke IWASAKI, which means that the MATSUKATA family was allied with the Mitsubishi founding family, IWASAKI family through marriage.
Japanese: 正作の妻・繁子は三菱財閥の2代目総帥・岩崎弥之助の長女なので、松方家は三菱の創業者一族・岩崎家と姻戚関係を結んだといえる。
English: In addition, the MATSUKATA family forms a family club called 'Kaito-kai' which has hundreds of members today.
Japanese: 尚、松方一族は現在数百人の会員からなる「海東会」という一族会を形成している。
English: Takakage KOBAYAKAWA was a busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who lived from the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 小早川隆景（こばやかわたかかげ）は、戦国時代(日本)から安土桃山時代にかけての武将・大名。
English: Under Toyotomi's government, he won the confidence of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and it is commonly viewed that he was appointed a member of the Gotairo (Council of Five Elders) in the Bunroku era.
Japanese: 豊臣政権下では、豊臣秀吉の信任を受け、通説では文禄年間に五大老の一人に任じられたとされている。
English: Because he didn't have any biological children, he adopted Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA, who was the fifth son of Iesada KINOSHITA who had been adopted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and transferred the head of the family.
Japanese: 実子はなく、木下家定の五男で豊臣秀吉の養子となっていた小早川秀秋を養子として迎え、家督を譲っている。
English: Because Okikage didn't have a heir, senior vassals made a suggestion to Motonari that his son, Tokujumaru, succeed to the head of the clan.
Japanese: 継嗣が無かったため、小早川氏の重臣らは元就に対し子の徳寿丸に跡を継がせるよう求めた。
English: Although Motonari initially frowned, Yoshitaka OUCHI, who wanted to keep allied with the Kobayakawa clan, urged him to accept the suggestion, to which he obeyed.
Japanese: 元就は当初難色を示したものの、小早川氏を自陣営に留めたい大内義隆の強い勧めもあり承諾した。