nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In early-modern times, the persons at this post, who were tenjobito but did not belong to Tosho-ke, were consistently considered those belonging to upper classes among jigenin.
Japanese: 近世では、殿上人でありながら堂上家ではなく、あくまで地下人の中での上級層とみなされていた。
English: In early-modern times, people in this post were permitted by the Emperor to use kinjiki (seven colors traditionally reserved for the imperial family and nobility), and even jigenin could use kane (oxidized liquid) to blacken their teeth, just like the Tosho-ke.
Japanese: 近世では禁色勅許はもちろん、地下人であっても堂上家同様に鉄漿をつけることができた。
English: The use of kinjiki was disallowed if someone became a jigenin, but they could continue to use kane throughout their lives.
Japanese: 禁色は五位になって地下人に降りれば使用できないが、鉄漿のほうは一生つけることができたという。
English: During the early Heian Period when monjosho was limited to children from privileged families, Shunshi was established as a title given to the five monjosho students with the highest scholastic standing.
Japanese: 大学平安時代初期、文章生が良家の子弟に限られた際に、成績優秀なる文章生5名に与えられた称号として定められた。
English: Shunshi later began to be made up of students other than those from privileged families, and as chances to become monjosho were extended to students who were not from privileged families, the title of shunshi fell into disuse.
Japanese: その後、良家以外の者についても俊士に補せられるようになったが、後に再び良家以外の者も文章生となる機会が拡がるにつれ、俊士の称号も廃された。
English: The role of a Tandai is a Buddhist monk who judges the validity of answers to questions in the dialogue to examine the qualification as a monk.
Japanese: 僧の資格を問う論議において、出題に対し出された答えに判定を行う役の僧を言う。
English: Tandai was an important position set within the Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu to make decisions on government affairs.
Japanese: 探題とは、鎌倉幕府や室町幕府において、政務について裁決を行う重要な職をいう。
English: It is inferred that tandai was originally used in Buddhist terminology and then converted into a position to make important decisions involving the administration of justice.
Japanese: もともと仏教用語で使われていたものを、裁判権など重要な判定を行う職に転用したものか。
English: In the Kamakura bakufu, the Shikken (shogun regent) and Rensho (associate of the Shikken) were called tandai, and the title was given to the position set in Kyoto and Saigoku (the western part of Japan, especially in Kyushu but ranging as far east as Kinki) which had the wide range of rights for jurisdiction and military control.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府では執権、連署が探題と呼ばれ、京都や西国に置かれた広範囲な裁判権、軍事指揮権を持つ職に探題の名が与えられた。
English: In the Muromachi bakufu, although positions called Shitsuji and Kanrei that were equivalent to the Shikken in the Kamakura bakufu were established, they were not referred to as tandai; instead, tandai was the title used for the position that held extensive executive power in Saigoku and the Ou region (the northern part of Japan).
Japanese: 室町幕府では鎌倉の執権に相当する執事、管領が置かれたがこれらは探題とは呼ばず、奥羽や西国において広範な執行権を持つ職に対して用いられた。
English: Zuijin (also called as zuishin) was a government official in Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) during and after the Heian period; zuijin followed nobles to guard them when they went out.
Japanese: 随身（ずいじん、ずいしん）とは、平安時代以降、貴族の外出時に警護のために随従した近衛府の官人のことである。
English: Zuijin also refers to the statues which are dressed in zuijin's clothes and enshrined on the left and right sides of shrine gates (zuijinmon) as shrine guards; in this case, zuijin can also be written as '随神.'
Japanese: また、神社の門（随身門）の左右に、神を守る者として安置される随身姿の像のことも「随身」といい、この場合は随神とも書かれる。
English: Senke jissoku is an honorific title for the 10 shokka (family of artisans) such as nurishi (lacquerer) and sashimonoshi (woodworker) who are involved in the sado (tea ceremony) and who pay visits to the san senke (three Sen families, namely, Omote, Ura and Mushakoji).
Japanese: 千家十職（せんけじっそく）とは、茶道に関わり三千家に出入りする塗り師・指物師など十の職家を表す尊称である。
English: Since the artisans able to make the tea utensils in the taste of the house of Sen were limited, and as they played certain roles in events and Buddhist anniversary services, the shokukata (artisan) gradually came to be fixed.
Japanese: 千家好みの茶道具を作れる職人は限定されており、行事や年忌における役割もあるため、徐々に職方は固定されていった。
English: Although the number of shokukata fluctuated depending on the successive iemoto (the head family of a school), it was organized into the current jissoku during the Meiji period.
Japanese: 代々の家元によってその数が変動していたが、明治期に現在の十職に整理された。
English: Since sado is usually performed in a small space called chashitsu (tea room) using unique manners, the tools used there have to be creative.
Japanese: 茶道は茶室と呼ばれる狭い空間で行われる事が多く、独特の作法が存在することから、使用される道具には工夫が必要とされる。
English: SEN no Rikyu, especially, selected his tea utensils with a unique taste, such as a tea bowl by Chojiro (the first-generation Kichizaemon RAKU) and a kettle by Yojiro TSUJI, Kyogamashi (Kyogama kettle maker).
Japanese: 特に千利休は長次郎（初代・樂吉左衛門）の茶碗や京釜師・辻与次郎の釜など、独特の好みを持って茶道具を選んでいた。
English: SEN no Sotan, who attempted to hand down the style of tea ceremony by SEN no Rikyu, trained artisans and preferentially treated those who were able to make works which were in line with Rikyu's taste.
Japanese: 利休の茶風を残そうとした千宗旦も職人を指導し、利休好みの作品を作れる者を重用した。
English: In addition to a tea bowl by the Raku family, and natsume (a container for powdered tea) and kogo (incense box) by Ikkan HIKI, Sotan also favored a kettle by Kuhe NISHIMURA; although Kuhe's name is not listed among the current Senke jissoku, he left many works.
Japanese: 樂家の茶碗や飛来一閑の棗・香合のほか、現在の千家十職には名前がないが西村九兵衛の釜も宗旦に好まれ、多くの作品を残している。
English: The seventh grand master of Omote Senke (a branch of the Senke school of tea ceremony), Nyoshinsai, and the eighth grand master of Ura Senke (another branch of the Senke school of tea ceremony), Itto YUGENSAI, formulated Senke Shichijishiki (The Seven Rites of the Sen School) during the Genroku era at the end of the 17th century, which led to the establishment of the current form of sado.
Japanese: 表千家の7代・如心斎や裏千家8代・又玄斎一燈は17世紀末の元禄期に千家七事式を考案し、現在に繋がる茶道の形式が確立されていった。
English: Under these circumstances, when Nyoshinsai organized a Buddhist anniversary service chakai (tea party) for the 150th anniversary of Rikyu's death on October 6, 1739, five members, namely, Kichizaemon RAKU, the nurishi Sotetsu NAKAMURA, the fukuroshi (bag maker) Yuko TSUCHIDA, the takeya (bamboo worker) Gensai, and the fukuroshi Nitoku (二得), were invited as the shokukata of the house of Sen.
Japanese: このような中で、元文四年（1739年）9月4日に如心斎が催した利休・百五十年忌の年忌茶会では、千家の職方として樂吉左衛門、塗師・中村宗哲、袋師・土田友湖、竹屋・玄竺、袋師・二得の五名が招かれている。
English: In the last chakai for the 100th anniversary of Sotan's death held in 1758, 10 members of shokukata, namely, Kichizaemon RAKU, Sotetsu NAKAMURA, Yuko TSUCHIDA, the takeya Gensai, the kamashi (kettle maker) Seiemon ONISHI, the sashimonoshi Risai KOMAZAWA, the hishakushi (ladle maker) Shogen KURODA, the chushi (metal caster) Joeki NAKAGAWA, the carpenter Zenbei, and the hyogushi (mounter) Kichibe OKUMURA, were invited (in contrast to today, the takeya Gensai and the carpenter Zenbei were included instead of Ikkan HIKI and Zengoro respectively).
Japanese: 宝暦8年（1758年）に行なわれた宗旦・百年忌の茶会の最終回には、樂吉左衛門、中村宗哲、土田友湖、竹屋・元斎、釜師・大西清右衛門、指物師・駒沢利斎、柄杓師・黒田正玄、鋳師・中川浄益、大工・善兵衛、表具師・奥村吉兵衛の十名の職方が招かれている（現在と比べ、飛来一閑と善五郎の代わりに竹屋・元斎と大工・善兵衛がいる）。
English: This is one of the oldest records in which the number of the shokka which paid visits the house of Sen is 10; however, the number fluctuated from 8 to 12 throughout the Edo period due to reasons such as the Hiki family of the time undergoing a change in the head of the family.
Japanese: これは千家に出入りする職家が十家になっている最古の記録の一つだが、この時期の飛来家は代替わりなどの時期にあるなど、江戸時代を通じてその数は八家から十二家で変動していた。
English: It is also said that there were over 20 shokka which did not make visits the house of Sen but presented tools to the house.
Japanese: なお、この他にも出入りはしていないが道具を納めていた職家が二十家以上あったといわれる。
English: On the other hand, since senke jissoku played certain roles in annual events of san senke and Buddhist anniversary services, in addition to the production of tea utensils which incorporated traditional forms, the shokukata who paid visits gradually came to be fixed.
Japanese: 一方で、伝統的な形式を踏まえた茶道具の制作や三千家の年中行事、年忌などでの役割を果たすため、徐々に出入りの職方は固定されていった。
English: Around the 250th anniversary of Rikyu's death in 1840, Risai KOMAZAWA, Seiemon ONISHI, Zengoro, Kichizaemon RAKU, Kichibe OKUMURA, Ikkan HIKI, Shogen KURODA, Yuko TSUCHIDA, Joeki NAKAGAWA, and the nurishi Yosoemon had become the shokukata who paid visits to the house of Sen, and the members are almost the same today.
Japanese: 天保11年（1840年）の利休・二百五十年忌の頃には、駒沢利斎、大西清右衛門、善五郎、樂吉左衛門、奥村吉兵衛、飛来一閑、黒田正玄、土田友湖、中川浄益、塗師・余三右衛門が千家出入りの職方となっており、ほぼ現在と同様の顔ぶれである。
English: Sotetsu NAKAMURA is the only member not mentioned above; it is considered that this was due to the family being in mourning for the sixth-generation Sotetsu NAKAMURA at the time.
Japanese: 唯一名前のない中村宗哲に関しては、六代の喪中にあったためと思われる。
English: The circumstances described above led to shokukata taking the current form of senke jissoku.
Japanese: このような経緯を経て、職方が現在の千家十職にまとまっていったのである。
English: "Sanboku-Isso" was the name given to the four meritorious retainers who received the Emperor Godaigo's favor under the Kemmu Restoration.
Japanese: 三木一草（さんぼくいっそう）は後醍醐天皇の建武の新政下で寵遇を受けた4人の寵臣の呼称。
English: Under the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) system, they would not have succeeded due to their origins.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府体制の下であれば、日の当たる場所に出ることのなかった出自であること。
English: (All four lost their lives during the Kenmu Era in the battle with Ashikaga clan in 1336).
Japanese: （4人ともに建武(日本)3年（1336年）の足利氏との戦いで命を落としている。）
English: Losing the lives of the four Sanboku-Isso military commanders at an early stage in the battle between the Southern and Northern Dynasties led to an extreme military disadvantage for the Southern Dynasty.
Japanese: 南北朝騒乱の初期の段階で4人の軍事指揮官を失ったことで、南朝(日本)は軍事的にかなりの劣勢に立たされることとなった。
English: Tamori was a position in charge of managing fields on public lands, which was set up by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 田守（たもり）は、室町幕府が公領内の田畑の管理役として設置した職である。
English: Although provincial constables or manor lords gave instruction in farming before the Muromachi period, a position of professional instructor of farming techniques was set up for the first time in the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 室町時代以前から守護や地頭に仕えて農業指導を行う者は存在したが、専業としての技術指導職は室町期になって初めて設置された。
English: The origin of tamori is supposedly tanbomori, a service provided in the Hokuriku region in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 田守の起源は、鎌倉時代後期に北陸地方で行われていた、タンボモリという役務であるとされている。
English: The tanbomori was in charge of daily observations of paddy fields and their vicinity, to mainly study rice blast fungus.
Japanese: このタンボモリは、主にイモチ病の発生を調べるため、水田およびその近辺の状況を毎日観察する役であった。
English: The family name, tamori, that remains in the Hokuriku region is a remnant of families of professional tanbomori.
Japanese: 北陸地方に現存する田守姓は、タンボモリを専門職としていた家系の名残であると言われている。
English: In the Muromachi period, occupations were further specialized, and the tanbomori became a profession called the tamori.
Japanese: 室町期に入ると、職業の分化・専門化が進み、タンボモリは田守という職業となった。
English: After the Onin War, the bakufu set up the profession of tamori across the country to restore the farming villages destroyed in the war.
Japanese: そして応仁の乱で荒廃した農村を再興するべく、幕府が専門職として全国に田守職を設置した。
English: At first the tamori only gave instruction within the area of public lands, but later came to instruct the neighboring farming villages.
Japanese: 当初は公領内のみに田守が配置されたが、その後公領周辺の農村への技術指導も行うようになった。
English: In the late Muromachi period,local samurai assigned the tamori independently.
Japanese: 室町時代後期には在地支配層である国人が独自に田守の任命を行っていた。
English: In the late Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan), many peasants in farming villages were sent off to war, and this resulted in a critical decrease in agricultural production.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)の後期には、農村の多くで労働力が戦に駆り出されたため、農業生産力の低下が大きな問題となっていた。
English: Therefore, daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku period across the country treated good tamori well to attract them to their territories,and tried to prevent them from moving away to other territories.
Japanese: このため、各地の戦国大名は優秀な田守を領国に呼び込んで厚遇する反面、領内の田守が他の土地へ移動することを厳しく制限した。
English: This led to the extinction of tamori as an occupation except for a few influential tamori.
Japanese: このことは田守が廃業する原因となり、一部の有力田守を除いて田守職に就くものは激減した。
English: As society gradually became more stable in the Edo period, the tamori profession was revived around the country.
Japanese: 江戸時代に入り社会が安定化するとともに、田守が各地で復活するようになる。
English: Especially in the Hokuriku region, a rice-producing region, clans employed a number of tamori to protect their paddies from being damaged by cold weather and focus on stabilization of rice cultivation.
Japanese: 特に米所といわれた北陸地方では、冷害から稲を守るため各藩は大量の田守を雇い、稲作の安定化に力を入れた。
English: In this period, many books on agricultural techniques, such as 'Noka eki (farming handbook)' and 'Nogyo zensho (Compendia of agricultural knowledge),' were published and the techniques that had been handed down by the tamori were recorded systematically.
Japanese: この時期には『農家益』や『農業全書』などの農業技術書が多く出版されたが、田守たちが伝承してきた技術が学問として体系化された時期でもあった。
English: Incidentally, some of the tamori used their wealth of knowledge about plants and worked as herbalists.
Japanese: なお、田守職の一部は、植物に対する豊富な知識を生かして本草学へと流れていった。
English: Later in the Meiji period, due to the industrialization policy of the government, many tamori gave up their businesses.
Japanese: その後、明治期に入ってからは政府の進めた工業化政策のため、多くの田守が廃業した。
English: Although the term Shoen-ryoshu is used in historical science in contrast to the term 'zaichi-ryoshu' (resident landholder) who were owners of vast properties of land, this term was not actually used during that time period.
Japanese: ただし、これは歴史学において荘園現地の大土地所有者である「在地領主」との対比として用いられている用語であり、当時において実際に用いられていた用語ではない。
English: Although Shoen-ryoshu of the medieval period in Japan indicates the so-called 'kenmon-seike' (the great and powerful families) and is often inferential to nobles, temples and shrines, Kamakura-dono (the lord of Kamkura), as the head of samurai warrior families, was also a Shoen-ryoshu who owned vast manors.
Japanese: 日本中世の荘園における荘園領主とは、いわゆる「権門勢家」のことを指し、貴族や寺社が想定される場合が多いが、武門の棟梁であった鎌倉殿も関東御領などの広大な荘園を有した荘園領主であった。
English: As kishinchikei-shoen (donated manors) and shiki (the right of Shoen clerks in a Shoen) were established in the 11th century, within kuge-ryo (territory owned by court nobles), the high-ranked nobles of the Imperial Family and Sekkan-ke (the line of regents and advisers) received land donated by zaichi-ryoshu (resident landholders), concentrated their honke-shiki and ryoke-shiki (economical right as patron and proprietor), and collected nengu and kuji (land tax and public duties) from the land by setting and making use of a domestic governing system such as Keishi (household superindendent) and Mandokoro (an office set up in the houses of powerful aristocrats in the Heian Period for the administration of their vast property estates).
Japanese: 11世紀に寄進地系荘園及び職の体系が確立されると、公家領においては天皇家や摂関家などの上級貴族層が在地領主などからの寄進を受けて本家職や領家職などを集中させ、家司・政所などの家政組織を運営して、現地から年貢・公事などを徴収していった。
English: However, their authority to collect taxes depended largely on their own political power, so when the power of the Kuge (court noble) Government decreased and samurai families made advances into ryoke-shiki (proprietorships), their influence weakened and with the exception of a few cases of maintaining all of their rights, the nobles were unable to control their land and stop it from falling into fuchigyo (losing land property).
Japanese: ただし、その権限は自らの政治力に依存するところが大きく、中世に入り公家政権の政治力が低下し、領家職に武家が進出するようになると、直務支配が貫徹された一部を除いては次第に「不知行」化していく。
English: In the case of temples and shrines, on the other hand, the Organization of Shomu (management and control of agriculture, taxes, etc in Shoen) had been established at a relatively early period, and a system was taken that allowed temples and shrines of honke or ryoke to manage their property directly.
Japanese: 一方、寺社においては比較的早い時期より直務支配を行うための荘務組織が確立されており、本家・領家である寺社の支配が直接的に在地に及ぶ体制が取られていた。
English: As a result, there were many cases of Shoen that were the property of big temples and shrines which were able to endure even into the latter half of the medieval period.
Japanese: このため、大寺社の寺社領であった荘園の中には中世後期においても存続していた事例は多い。
English: Meanwhile, after the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), along with the encroachment of the samurai into the rights of Shoen, there were a number of cases of nobles, temples and shrines conversely making inroads toward becoming jito-shiki (stewardship rights) which was lower in position than honke and ryoke, thus, in this case as well, it indicates that the concept of Shoen-ryoshu was collapsing.
Japanese: なお、南北朝時代(日本)以後になると前述の武家による侵奪の他に、本家・領家よりも下位の職であった地頭職に貴族や寺社が反対に進出する例も存在しており、そうした意味においても荘園領主という概念が崩壊しつつあったことを示している。
English: Yomei no suke is a vice minister of kokushi (provincial governors), an honorary post without official duties and benefits.
Japanese: 揚名介（ようめいのすけ）とは、職掌及び給付のない名誉職としての国司の次官を意味する。
English: A person having nenkan (a right granted to members of the Imperial family and some Court nobles to nominate a person for a certain government post) and nenshaku (a right granted to a retired emperor, the mother of the Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager and the Empress to nominate a person for a certain rank) took the salaries given to the government posts while conferring only the official name of a government office on those who requested a court rank appointment for their success.
Japanese: 年官年爵を有する者が、官職の給与を自らの所得とする一方、成功(任官)により位階任官を求める者に対して官名のみ授けた。
English: Therefore, a person was occasionally appointed to a government post in an honorary capacity under this system.
Japanese: このため、この制度を活用して名誉職として官職に任ぜられる事例が生じた。
English: People in these honorary posts were called 'yomeikan' as they had no power and were officials in name only.
Japanese: これは単に「名を揚げる」だけで実を伴わない官職であったことから揚名（官）」と呼ばれた。
English: Later, as the government's financial position worsened, a person was occasionally appointed as vice governor of provincial offices (suke) in an honorary capacity.
Japanese: 後に財政の悪化に伴って揚名官として国司の介が任ぜられる事例が生じた。
English: "Godansho" (the Oe Conversations, with anecdotes and gossip) describes typical examples of honorary posts including Yamashiro no suke (assistant governor of Yamashiro) and Suieki kan (head of the waterway station).
Japanese: 『江談抄』には、揚名介の代表とされた山城介と水駅官（水駅の長）を併記して名だけの存在の代表としている。
English: It can be said that Buke-kani (official court titles for samurai) in the Edo period were also merely honorary titles.
Japanese: なお、江戸時代の武家官位も名誉以上の権威を伴わないことから一種の揚名官であると言える。
English: According to "Sakkai-ki"(Diary), in 1426, the retired Emperor Gokomatsu asked Sadachika NAKAYAMA (who wrote "Sakkai-ki") and KIYOHARA no Yoshinari the places of duty of the 'Yomei no suke' and they answered 'Yamashiro Province, Kozuke Province, Kazusa Province, Hitachi Province, and Omi Province.'
Japanese: 『薩戒記』によれば、応永33年（1426年）に、後小松上皇から「揚名介」の任国を尋ねられた中山定親（『薩戒記』著者）と清原良賢が、「山城国・上野国・上総国・常陸国・近江国」を挙げたとされている。
English: Yamashiro Province was home to Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), where there was a rule that Yamashiro no suke, together with Kura no suke (Deputy chief of Kuraryo, Bureau of Palace Storehouses), had to take part in the parade in the Kamo Festival ("Kanshoku-nangi"(book of government posts and criticism).
Japanese: 山城国は平安京（京都）の所在地であり、山城介は内蔵助とともに賀茂祭の行列に必ず随従する決まりがあった（『官職難儀』）。
English: Meanwhile, Kozuke, Kazusa, and Hitachi Provinces were shinno ninkoku (provinces whose gubernatorial posts were reserved as sinecures for imperial princes), where suke acted on behalf of the Vice Governor of the Province.
Japanese: 上野・上総・常陸は親王任国であり、介が現地において守の職務を代行する国であった。
English: Also in Omi Province, which was the closest province to Heian-kyo other than the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), high officers, such as Sangi (councilor) and Hassho (eight ministries and agencies), or close advisers of the Emperor frequently served concurrently as kami, while the suke acted on behalf of the Vice Governor.
Japanese: 近江国も畿内以外でもっとも平安京に近い国として、しばしば参議・八省卿級の高官や天皇側近などが守を兼務して介が守の職務を代行した。
English: That is, in all of the above cases, it is assumed that the name 'Yomei no suke' originally indicated an important honorary post which also carried some authority.
Japanese: つまり、いずれも実態を備えた名誉ある要職を指して（文字通り、一般の国の介とは違う名誉ある顕官という意味で）当初は「揚名介」という呼称が用いられていたと考えられている。
English: However, when the system of nenkan and nenshaku became common and the suke as yomeikan was created, the meanings of yomeikan and Yomei no suke became confused.
Japanese: ところが、年官・年爵制度が横行して揚名官としての介が発生すると、両者の意味が混同された。
English: As a result, the Yomei no suke, which was originally a high-ranking office, came to be regarded as a purely honorary role.
Japanese: 結果的に本来の顕官であった揚名介も揚名官の介の一種として見られるようになったと考えられている。
English: Incidentally, Sadachika NAKAYAMA described in his book "Sakkai-ki" the following historical event when asked by the retired Emperor Gokomatsu to look for the precedents of Yomei no suke:
Japanese: なお、『薩戒記』には著者・中山定親が後小松上皇からの質問を受けてその先例を調べた際に、以下の故事を伝聞記事として載せている。
English: In the Kamakura period, Ietsune ICHIJO accidentally said, as he faced Yamashiro no suke in the Kamo Festival, 'Yomei no suke will pass through' thereby disclosing a secret that Yamashiro no suke was Yomei no suke, and this caused an uproar.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代の一条家経が賀茂祭の山城介に向かって「揚名介が渡る」と口を滑らせてしまい、山城介が揚名介であるという秘事を漏らしたとして人々が騒然としたとする。
English: The term 'Yomei no suke' appears only once in "The Tale of Genji" in the volume 'Yugao' as: 'a house of a Yomei no suke.'
Japanese: この「揚名介」という語は『源氏物語』の「夕顔(源氏物語)」の巻に「揚名介なる人の家」という形で1ヶ所だけ現れる。
English: However, in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, when "The Tale of Genji" was regarded as a Japanese classic, it seemed that the meaning of Yomei no suke was no longer understood and commentaries of "The Tale of Genji" treated the term 'Yomei no suke' as 'the most difficult part in the Tale of Genji' or ';one of three critical matters in the Tale of Genji.'
Japanese: しかし、『源氏物語』が古典・聖典となった鎌倉時代・室町時代期には揚名介の意味が分からなくなっていたらしく、『源氏物語』の古注釈書などで「源氏第一の難義」あるいは「源氏物語三ケの大事の一なり」等と呼んでとして秘伝扱いされていた。
English: It seemed that even Koreyuki SESONJI in the Insei period (the period of government by a retired emperor) could not interpret the original meaning of 'Yomei no suke.'
Japanese: 院政時代の世尊寺伊行でもすでに本来の意味が分からなくなっていたらしい。
English: Accordingly, in "Genji shaku" (commentaries of the Tale of Genji) an incorrect explanation was added that 'Yomei no suke is suke appointed in the country, who was from the Minamoto clan.'
Japanese: 『源氏釈』において「揚名介とは諸国の介なり、源氏の人のなるなり」と誤った説明を加えている。
English: In the Kamakura period, FUJIWARA no Sadaie frankly stated in "Okuiri" (Genji commentaries) that "'Yomei no suke' is the most difficult part to understand in the Tale of Genji and that its meaning may never be understood. "
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に入って藤原定家は『奥入』において「此の事源氏第一の難義なり、末代の人勘へ知るべき事に非ざるか」と意味が分からなくなっていることを正直に表明している。
English: In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Yoshinari YOTSUTSUJI stated in "Kakai-sho Commentary" that: "Thorough interpretations of each family are different secrets. Therefore, they are passed down by word of mouth." which means that the meaning of 'Yomei no suke' was kept secret and passed down by word of month without keeping a record.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)の四辻善成になると『河海抄』において「当流両家深奥の説、殊なる秘事となるに依りて口伝にあり」と秘説化しており記録を残さず口伝で伝えるようになっている。
English: Later in "Mingo nisso" (commentaries on the Tale of Genji) by Michikatsu NAKANOIN, it was stated that: "'Yomei no suke' was one of three critical matters in the Tale of Genji. (omitted) The descriptions in 'Kakai-sho' were completely incorrect. The interpretation of 'Yomei no suke' should be described separately." which means that the meaning of 'Yomei no suke' was not described in a public commentary, but in a secret document.
Japanese: その後の中院通勝による『岷江入楚』では、「源氏物語三ケの大事の一なり、（中略）河海に載せたる事、皆誤れり、別に是を記すべし」として一般に見せる注釈書には掲載せず、別に存在する秘伝書のようなものの中に記しておいたことを述べている。
English: Kanera ICHIJO added correct explanations in his book "Gengo hiketsu" (Secrets of The Tale of Genji) (a book of secrets explaining 15 points which were put on hold in "Kacho yojo" (Aesthetic Impressions)) in 1477 as follows:
Japanese: 一条兼良になると1477年に著した『源語秘訣』（注解書『花鳥余情』で保留した15の論点を説明した秘伝書）の中で、以下のように正しい説明を加えている。
English: It was established in the Kazueryo (Account Office), the Shuzeiryo (Bureau of Taxation), Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu) and later in the Shurishiki (Office of Palace Affairs) and Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry).
Japanese: 主計寮・主税寮・大宰府に設置され、後に修理職や木工寮などにも設置された。