nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1842 Kenkichi entered the Nobutomo ODANI's dojo, the Jikishinkage school of swordplay when he was 13 years old.
Japanese: 天保13年（1842年）、13歳のときに直心影流剣術、男谷信友の道場に入門する。
English: In the same year, however, his mother died and his father Masutaro moved to Shitaya Negishi, from which it was inconvenient to commute to Mamiana that was a long way.
Japanese: しかし、同年に母が没し、父益太郎は下谷根岸に移ったために狸穴は遠く不便となった。
English: Besides he had to take care of domestic affairs and his siblings instead of his deceased mother.
Japanese: その上鍵吉は亡き母に代わって家の雑務や兄弟の面倒を見る必要があった。
English: Taking pity on him, Odani urged him to transfer to famous dojos of Chiba, Momonoi or Saito which was nearer to his house and hence more convenient to commute.
Japanese: 見かねた男谷は、千葉、桃井、斎藤など名のある道場の方が近くて便利だと移籍を促した。
English: Kenkichi, however, continued to go to Odani's dojo, insisting that he had no intention of changing dojos once he became his disciple.
Japanese: しかし鍵吉は、いったん入門した以上はほかに移る気はないと言って通い続けた。
English: Even though he moved up, he did not apply for a license which cost money, with 'kirigami' (a licensing document) and 'mokuroku' (a register of skills mastered) as he was of a poor family.
Japanese: が、家が貧乏なため、進級しても切紙や目録など、費用のかかる免許状を求めたことがなかった。
English: In 1849 Odani who understood Kenkichi's situation made arrangements to grant him a license of 'menkyo-kaiden' (full proficiency).
Japanese: 嘉永2年（1849年）、男谷は事情を察し、師匠の方で用意を整えてやり、鍵吉に皆伝免許を与えた。
English: Recommended by Odani, Kenkichi became a kenjutsu (sword arts) instructor of the Kobusho in Tsukiji in April 1856.
Japanese: 安政3年（1856年）3月、27歳のときに男谷の推薦によって築地講武所の剣術教授方となる。
English: When the Kobusho moved to Ogawa-cho, Kanda in February 1860, exhibition matches were held in the presence of Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA and the cabinet ministers of the Shogunate including Tairo (Chief Minister) Naosuke Ii at its opening on February 24.
Japanese: 安政7（1860年）年2月、講武所が神田小川町に移転した際、2月3日の開場式に将軍徳川家茂、大老井伊直弼ら幕閣が臨席して模範試合が開かれた。
English: Amano who belonged to the same Odani school was nevertheless too proud of his new post to say, 'You've got me.'
Japanese: 天野は男谷派の同門だが、新規お召し抱えの意地もあって「参った」といわなかった。
English: Kenkichi then pushed Amano hard in the chest with both hands and knocked him over.
Japanese: それならばと鍵吉は激烈な諸手突きをくわせて相手をひっくり返したという。
English: During the Battle of Ueno, in 1868, Kenkichi became a guard of the Monk-Prince of Rinoji (later Imperial Prince Yoshihisa of Kitashirakawa) although he did not join the Shogitai troops.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）、上野戦争のとき、鍵吉は彰義隊には加盟しなかったが、輪王寺宮公現入道親王（後の北白川宮能久親王）の護衛を務めた。
English: Following Iesato TOKUGAWA, he moved to Sunpu after the Restoration, but he returned to Tokyo in 1870.
Japanese: 維新後、徳川家達に従って駿府に移るが、明治3年（1870年）に再び東京に戻る。
English: In 1872 anyone who belonged to the samurai class or upward was forbidden to wear a sword in public, so that the private dojos for swordsmen were pushed out of business.
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）、士分以上の帯刀が禁じられたことで、町道場は立ちゆかなくなった。
English: In 1873 Kenkichi organized 'Gekkenkai' (Sword-fighting Society) to help these masters of martial arts.
Japanese: 鍵吉は、これら武芸者の救済策として、明治6年（1873年）に「撃剣会」を組織。
English: On March 25, 1875 Kenkichi defeated Umanosuke UEDA, instructor of Gekken at the Keishi-cho (Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department) in a helmet-splitting match.
Japanese: 明治8年（1875年）3月25日警視庁撃剣世話掛上田馬之助と兜割試合を行ない、勝利。
English: Kenkichi invented 'Yamatozue, ' a wooden sword with a lock with which to hang it from one's belt (and which he called 'tsue' (stick), though different from 'jo' used in jujutsu, out of consideration for the government) to replace 'Uchigatana' (a Japanese sword) as well as 'Ganko Ogi,' a wooden fan which was a substitute 'Wakizashi' (short sword).
Japanese: 鍵吉は、打刀代わりの「倭杖」(やまとづえ)と称する、帯に掛けるための鍵が付いた木刀（政府に遠慮して杖(つえ、杖術で使用する「じょう」ではない)と称していた）と、脇差代わりの「頑固扇」と称する木製の扇を考案した。
English: In 1878 Emperor Meiji paid a royal visit to Ueno where imperial matches were held in his honour.
Japanese: 明治11年（1878年）、明治天皇が上野に行幸し、天覧試合が挙行された。
English: There is an anecdote that on that occasion Kenkichi cut a warrior helmet by Myochin 11.5 centimetres long with a Dotanuki sword and split it.
Japanese: 鍵吉は同田貫を用いて明珍作の兜を三寸五分(数)（11.5cm）斬り、割ったという逸話がある。
English: On September 11, 1894 he died of heart failure from beriberi like Shogun Iemochi at the age of 65.
Japanese: 明治27年（1894年）9月11日、将軍家茂と同じ脚気衝心により、65歳で没。
English: The following foreigners visited his dojo in Kurumazaka to learn kenjutsu: Thomas McClatchy, the British Embassy's amanuensis, Heinrich von Siebold who was a good fencer, Erwin von Blaelz, a German lecturer of the University of Tokyo, Wiraley and Kir, Frenchmen (kenjutsu instructors at Rikugun Toyama Gakko (Toyama Military Academy)).
Japanese: 車坂の道場には、英国領事館書記のトーマス・マクラチ、フェンシングの名手でもあったハインリッヒ・シーボルト、ドイツ人の東京大学講師エルヴィン・フォン・ベルツ、フランス人ウイラレー及びキール（共に陸軍戸山学校西洋剣術教師）ら外国人も訪れ、鍵吉の教授を受けた。
English: FUJIWARA no Kiyokawa (706 - 778) was one of the nobility during the Nara Period.
Japanese: 藤原清河（ふじわらのきよかわ、慶雲3年（706年）-宝亀9年（778年））は奈良時代の貴族。
English: He visited China as Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) and served the Tang Dynasty with ABE no Nakamaro, but he could not return to Japan due to a storm and the Rebellion of An Lu-shan and Shih Ssu-ming until the end of his life.
Japanese: 遣唐使として入唐し、阿倍仲麻呂と唐に仕えるも、暴風や安史の乱により日本への帰国は叶わず、在唐のまま没した。
English: In intercalary March of the year 752, before the departure, Kiyokawa received a sword representing his full authority, and was given the rank of Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 天平勝宝4年（752年）閏3月、出発にあたり清河は節刀を拝し、正四位下に叙される。
English: The party of Kento-shi reached Tang and went into the city of Changan, and he had an audience with Xuan Zong, the Tang Emperor, and was praised as a man of virtue.
Japanese: 遣唐使一行は唐に到着して長安に入り、玄宗(唐)に謁し、君子人なりと称賛された。
English: He made a protest about Japan's seat being the second after the Tibetan Empire on the west side, although Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) was the first on the east side, which meant Shiragi's precedence over Japan, so he forced to exchange the position with Shiragi so that he could preserve Japan's honor.
Japanese: 日本の席次が西畔（西側）第二席で吐蕃王朝の次であるのに対して、新羅が東畔第一席で日本より上席であったことに抗議し、新羅と席を交代させ、日本の面目を守っている。
English: In December, 753, Kiyokawa and the party of Kento-shi were coming back to Japan together with ABE no Nakamaro, who had stayed in Tang for 35 years as a senior official.
Japanese: 同年12月、清河ら遣唐使一行は、在唐35年におよび唐の高官にもなっていた阿倍仲麻呂を伴い帰国の途につく。
English: The party of Ganjin (Jianzhen), who wanted a missionary to travel to Japan, wished to board, but Tang prohibited Ganjin from leaving the country, so Kiyokawa rejected his boarding.
Japanese: 日本への渡航を望む鑑真一行が乗船を希望したが、唐が鑑真の出国を禁じたため清河は乗船を拒否した。
English: The Japanese envoy ships left the city of Yangzhou, but the first ship that Kiyokawa and Nakamaro boarded was caught in a head wind and was drifted to the city of Huanzhou in the south of Tang (present-day Vietnam).
Japanese: 遣唐船は楊州を出航したが、清河と仲麻呂の乗る第一船は逆風に遭い唐南方の驩州（かんしゅう）（ベトナム）に漂着。
English: They were assailed by the natives and many of the crew were killed, but Kiyokawa and Nakamaro had a narrow escape.
Japanese: 土人に襲われ、船員の多くが害され、清河と仲麻呂は僅に身をもって免がれた。
English: In 759, an envoy for welcoming the envoy visiting Tang, which was lead by taishi (commander-in-chief) Kogendo, reached Tang via the country of Bo Hai.
Japanese: 天平宝字3年（759年）清河を迎えるため高元度を大使とする迎入唐使が渤海国経由で入唐した。
English: However, the Tang Dynasty did not allow Kiyokawa to return home on the grounds that the travel would be dangerous due to Tang's turbulence by the Rebellion of An Lu-shan and Shih Ssu-ming.
Japanese: しかし、当時は安史の乱により唐は騒乱状態であったため、行路の危険を理由に唐朝は清河の帰国を許さなかった。
English: In 763 in Japan, Kiyokawa was appointed to Hitachi no Kami (governor of Hitachi Province), remaining at commander-in-chief of the envoy to Tang, and in 764 he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank).
Japanese: 天平宝字7年（763年）日本では清河を在唐大使のまま常陸国守に任じ、天平宝字8年（764年）従三位に進ませる。
English: Kiyokawa's stay in Tang amounted to more than ten years without a chance to return to Japan, and in 777 the next Kento-shi reached Tang, but in 778 Kiyokawa died in Tang.
Japanese: 清河は帰国できないまま在唐十余年に及び、宝亀8年（777年）次回の遣唐使が入唐したが、翌年、清河は唐で客死した。
English: MONONOBE no Moriya was Omuraji (ancient Japan) (powerful local ruling family) during the Asuka Period.
Japanese: 物部守屋（もののべのもりや、生年不詳-用明天皇2年(587年)7月）は飛鳥時代の大連(古代日本)（有力豪族）である。
English: The Mononobe clan was strongly against buddhism, which was introduced to Japan, and conflicted with the Soga clan since they were for buddhism
Japanese: 物部氏は日本に伝来した仏教に対しては強硬な排仏派で、崇仏派の蘇我氏と対立した。
English: At around the time of the enthronement of their new Emperor Bidatsu, Moriya was promoted to Omuraji during 572.
Japanese: 敏達天皇元年（572年）、敏達天皇の即位に伴い、守屋は大連に任じられた。
English: During 585, Minister SOGA no Umako asked Emperor Bidatsu for his permission to practice Buddhism due to his sickness.
Japanese: 敏達天皇14年(585年)、病になった大臣・蘇我馬子は敏達天皇に奏上して仏法を信奉する許可を求めた。
English: MONONOBE no Moriya and NAKATOMI no Katsumi (from the clan supportive of Shinto) believed that an epidemic started spreading due to having faith in God of a foreign country, and thus asked for its prohibition.
Japanese: 物部守屋と中臣勝海（中臣氏は神祇を祭る氏族）は蕃神（異国の神）を信奉したために疫病が起きたと奏上し、これの禁止を求めた。
English: Moriya went to a temple and sat on the agura (a special stool) forcing people to destroy a Buddhist pagoda, burn down the Buddha hall, and throw Buddha statues into the ocean.
Japanese: 守屋は自ら寺に赴き、胡床に座り、仏塔を破壊し、仏殿を焼き、仏像を海に投げ込ませた。
English: After verbally abusing Buddhist followers like Umako and SHIBA no Tachito, he captured Tachito's daughter Zenshin-ni (female monk) and two of her followers, Ezen-ni and Zenzo-ni and took them to a station building in Tsubaichi (now in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture) and whipped their naked bodies in front of a crowd.
Japanese: 馬子や司馬達等（しばのたちと）ら仏法信者を面罵した上で、達等の娘善信尼、およびその弟子の恵善尼・禅蔵尼ら3人の尼を捕らえ、衣をはぎとって全裸にして、海石榴市（つばいち、奈良県桜井市）の駅舎へ連行し、群衆の目前で鞭打った。
English: When Umako saw Moriya presenting his eulogy and his body shaking from sadness, Umako laughed saying 'if he had a bell on his body, it sure would make a lot of noise.'
Japanese: 守屋が身を震わせて誄言を奉ると、馬子は「鈴をつければよく鳴るであろう」と笑った。
English: After Emperor Bidatsu, the Empress Yomei (the daughter of Emperor Kinmei, and her mother was a sister of Umako) was enthroned with the help of Umako.
Japanese: 敏達天皇の次には馬子の推す用明天皇（欽明天皇の子、母は馬子の妹）が即位した。
English: During 586, Prince Anahobe tried to break into Hinkyu to perpetrate Empress Suiko (Empress of Emperor Bidatsu); however, he was prevented by MIWA no Sakau.
Japanese: 用明天皇元年(586年)、穴穂部皇子は推古天皇（敏達天皇の后）を犯そうと欲して殯宮に押し入ろうとしたが、三輪逆（みわのさかう）に阻まれた。
English: In April 2, 587, Emperor Yomei began having a desire to practice Sanpo (three treasures of Buddhism) when he became sick, and thus he issued the Imperial edict to discuss this matter among vassals.
Japanese: 用明天皇2年4月2日(587年)、用明天皇は病になり、三宝（仏法）を信奉したいと欲し、群臣に議するよう詔した。
English: Moriya and NAKATOMI no Katsumi strongly disagreed with this saying 'we have never heard of any emperor worship the God of a foreign country and not his own.'
Japanese: 守屋と中臣勝海は「国神に背いて他神を敬うなど、聞いたことがない」と反対した。
English: Umako said 'we should follow the Imperial edict' and made Prince Anahobe find a Buddhist preacher named Toyokuni.
Japanese: 馬子は「詔を奉ずるべき」とし、穴穂部皇子に豊国法師をつれて来させた。
English: The secretary, Hitokekuso told Moriya that other retainers were trying to attack him on his way home.
Japanese: 史（書記）の毛屎が守屋に群臣たちが守屋の帰路を断とうとしていると告げた。
English: NAKATOMI no Katsumi who was anti-Buddhist made statues of Prince OSHISAKA no Hikohito no Oe and Prince Takeda (in favor of Umako) to curse them.
Japanese: 排仏派の中臣勝海は押坂彦人大兄皇子と竹田皇子（馬子派の皇子）の像を作り呪詛した。
English: However, NAKATOMI no Katsumi eventually went to Prince Hikohito's house and promised to withdraw (some believe that it was because his situation was looking downhill, whereas others believe it was because he wanted to create a new government led by Prince Hikohito while his relationship with Umako was not going well), but was killed by Toneri (a palace servant), TOMI no Ichi on his way home.
Japanese: しかし、やがて彦人皇子の邸へ行き帰服を誓った（自派に形勢不利と考えたとも、彦人皇子と馬子の関係が上手くいっておらず彦人皇子を擁した自派政権の確立を策したとも言われている）が、その帰路、舍人迹見赤檮が中臣勝海を斬った。
English: Moriya sent MONONOBE no Yasaka, OHOCHI no Miyatsuko Osaka and NURIBE no Miyatsukoani to Umako and told him 'I moved to Ato because a large number of retainers were trying to kill me.'
Japanese: 守屋は物部八坂、大市造小坂、漆部造兄を馬子のもとへ遣わし「群臣が我を殺そうと謀っているので、阿都へ退いた」と伝えた。
English: Although Moriya tried to promote Prince Anahobe to become the Emperor, he surrounded the Prince's palace and murdered him after receiving the edict from Princess Kashiyaki to do so.
Japanese: 守屋は穴穂部皇子を皇位につけようと図ったが、6月7日、馬子は炊屋姫の詔を得て、穴穂部皇子の宮を包囲して誅殺した。
English: Umako led the party which consisted of troops from Armies of Emperor Sushun, Prince Takeda, and Prince Shotoku as well as Gozokus(local ruling families), and marched to Moriya's house in Shibukawa District, Kawachi Province (now known as Kizuri, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 馬子は崇峻天皇、竹田皇子、聖徳太子などの皇子や諸豪族の軍兵を率いて河内国渋川郡(現・大阪府東大阪市衣摺)の守屋の館へ向かった。
English: Their army was very strong, and Moriya climbed up the magnolia tree and kept shooting arrows like they were raining.
Japanese: その軍は強盛で、守屋は朴の木の枝間によじ登り、雨のように矢を射かけた。
English: After witnessing what happened, Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku) decided to make statues of Shitenno (the Four Devas) out of a Nurude tree to pray for victory and receive blessings, and then promised himself that if he won the battle, he would build a Buddhist pagoda and work his hardest to spread Buddhism.
Japanese: これを見た廐戸皇子は仏法の加護を得ようと白膠の木を切り、四天王の像をつくり、戦勝を祈願して、勝利すれば仏塔をつくり仏法の弘通に努めると誓った。
English: They started attacking and murdered Moriya's children which resulted in their enemies' loss in the battle
Japanese: 寄せ手は攻めかかり、守屋の子らを殺し、守屋の軍は敗北して逃げ散った。
English: The members of Moriya's families escaped to Ashihara, and some changed their names while others were missing.
Japanese: 守屋の一族は葦原に逃げ込んで、ある者は名を代え、ある者は行方知れずとなった。
English: It was because Umako's wife was a sister of Moriya and they claimed their inheritance rights.
Japanese: 馬子の妻が守屋の妹であるので物部氏の相続権があると主張したためである。
English: In Tenson hongi (the original record of the heavenly grandchild), volume five, he was said to be the son of MONONOBE no Okoshi and a brother of MONONOBE no Oichinomikari no Muraji, and given the title of Omuraji, then Itsuki of a shrine in the reign of Emperor Ikenobe no Namitsuki (Emperor Yomei).
Japanese: 第五卷天孫本紀では物部尾輿の子で物部大市御狩連の弟、弓削大連とも、池邊雙槻宮天皇（用明天皇）の時に大連となり神宮の斎となったとある。
English: According to Teiko hongi (the original record of earthly sovereigns) in volume nine, on September 5 when Emperor Yomei was enthroned, MONONOBE no Yuge no Moriya no Muraji no Kimi was promoted to Omuraji and as a Minister.
Japanese: 第九卷帝皇本紀では用明天皇が9月5日に即位した際、物部弓削守屋連公を大連また大臣とした。
English: On April 2, 587, when the Emperor came back from the Niname Festival, held in Iware, due to his health condition and made his request to discuss among his retainers about his desire to worship Buddhism, Moriya and NAKATOMI no Katsumi disagreed strongly saying that one could not worship a God of a foreign country when one has his own.
Japanese: 用明天皇2年夏4月2日磐余河上の新嘗祭に病で帰った用明天皇が三宝を敬うことを検討するよう家臣にいったさい、中臣勝海連とともに国神に叛き他神を敬うことはできず聞いた事もないと反対したとある。
English: However, some suggests that articles above were altered versions of the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) and suspect it was changed by FUJIWARA no Fuhito
Japanese: しかし上記は藤原不比等らによっての日本書紀の改竄(かいざん)によるものであると言う説もある。
English: She was described as SOGA no Umako's wife, 'Futohime' in the "Kishi Kacho" (Lineage of the Kishi clan), "Isonokamifuri Jingu Ryakusho" (A Brief History of Isonokamifuri Jingu Shrine) and Lineage of the Shinto Priest FURU no Sukune.
Japanese: 『紀氏家牒』・『石上振神宮略抄』神主布留宿禰系譜料では「太媛」といい蘇我馬子の妻。
English: It is said in "Sendai Kujihongi (Ancient Japanese History) that she was MONONOBE no Moriya's real sister named Futohime and married to his half brother, ISONOKAMI no Nieko Omuraji and later became the mother of MONONOBE no Kamatarihime Otoji (a wife of SOGA no Umako).
Japanese: 『先代旧事本紀』天孫本紀では同母妹の布都姫といい物部守屋の異母弟の石上贄古大連と結婚し物部鎌足姫大刀自（蘇我馬子の妻）の母である。
English: For generations the family managed the Kurita estate of Oishi manor (currently Oishi-Higashi cho and Oishi-Naka cho districts in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) under the Omi-no-kuni shugo (Military Commissioner of Omi-no-kuni) of the Sasaki clan, and thus the family name became OISHI.
Japanese: 代々近江国守護佐々木氏のもとで栗太郡大石庄（滋賀県大津市大石東町・大石中町）の下司職をつとめていたため、大石を姓にするようになった。
English: Yoshinobu OISHI served Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, although subsequently the Oishi clan chose not fight in conflicts such as the Onin war.
Japanese: その後、大石氏は応仁の乱などで没落したが、大石良信の代には豊臣秀次に仕えた。
English: After Hidetsugu's defeat, Yoshikatsu OISHI (Yoshio's great-grandfather and the illegitimate second son of Yoshinobu), was made to enter the Buddhist priesthood in Kyoto, whereupon he escaped to Edo and became ronin(masterless samurai) in Edo where he came to serve the Asano clan.
Japanese: 秀次失脚後、良信の庶子にして次男の大石良勝（良雄の曽祖父）は京で仏門に入れられたが、京を脱走し江戸で浪人した後、浅野家に仕えるようになった。
English: As Yoshikatsu had distinguished himself during the Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), he was appointed permanent Karo (chief retainer) of Nagashige ASANO (the great-grandfather of Naganori ASANO and lord of Kasama Domain and the Hitachi Province Makabe), the third son of Nagamasa ASANO.
Japanese: 良勝は、大坂夏の陣での戦功が著しかったため、浅野長政の三男浅野長重（長矩の曽祖父で常陸国真壁・笠間藩主）の永代家老に取り立てられる。
English: Oishi family relocated to the Ako region when Naganao, the first son of Nagashige, was assigned to that region.
Japanese: 長重の長男・長直は赤穂に転封されたので、大石家も赤穂に移ることになる。
English: Yoshishige OISHI, the second son of Yoshikatsu, also attained the rank of karo (chief retainer) and married Tsuruhime, the daughter of Naganao ASANO (Naganori's grandfather); their two children, Nagatsune ASANO and Nagatake ASANO, whose domains were subdivided by Naganao ASANO, became bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: また良勝の次男大石良重も家老となり、浅野長直（長矩の祖父）の息女鶴姫を妻に賜っており、その子の二人はいずれも浅野長直に分知されて幕府旗本（浅野長恒と浅野長武）になった。
English: Yoshitaka OISHI married the daughter of Tadakatsu TORII (Mototada TORII's son) and gave birth to Yoshiaki GENNAI, their first son.
Japanese: 大石良欽は鳥居忠勝（鳥居元忠の子）の娘を娶り、その間に権内良昭を長男として儲けた。
English: Yoshiaki OISHI, became the indirect vassal of Yoshishige IKEDA, a senior vassal of Okayama Domain, wielding power similar to a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), who governed the Amagi region (valued at 32,000 koku).
Japanese: その大石良昭と備前国岡山藩の重臣池田由成（天城3万2,000石を領する大名並みの陪臣。
English: For details, see Ikeda clan or Okayama Domain.) daughter, Kumako IKEDA had Kuranosuke Yoshio OISHI as their first son.
Japanese: 詳しくは池田氏や岡山藩を参照のこと）の娘池田熊子の間に長男として生まれたのがこの大石内蔵助良雄である。
English: Hiroko KONOE, the sixth shogun midaidokoro (wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman), was a member of the Oishi clan and served as a Tayu (geisha of the highest rank) of the Konoe family to the Oyama clan.
Japanese: 第6代将軍御台所近衛熙子とは大石の一族、小山氏が代々近衛家諸太夫を勤める縁戚関係でもある。
English: On September 6, 1673, his father Yoshiaki died at the age of 34 and was adopted by his grandfather Yoshitaka OISHI.
Japanese: 延宝元年（1673年）9月6日、父良昭が34歳の若さで亡くなったため、祖父・大石良欽の養子となった。
English: On January 26, 1677, upon the death of his grandfather Yoshitaka, Yoshio inherited at the age of nineteen 1,500 koku and the common name Kuranosuke (a position of the Bureau of Palace Storehouses).
Japanese: 延宝5年（1677年）1月26日、良雄が19歳のおりに祖父良欽が死去し、その遺領1,500石と内蔵助（くらのすけ）の通称を受け継ぐ。
English: On May 18, 1683, Yoshishige, who had acted as his guardian, passed away, finally forcing Kuranosuke to be independent.
Japanese: 天和(日本)3年（1683年）5月18日には内蔵助の後見をしていた良重も世を去り、いよいよ独立しなければならなくなった。
English: Unfortunately, in peace time OISHI appeared to have been a mediocre chief retainer and he was famously nicknamed 'the miscellany of articles surrounding a paper lamp stand.'
Japanese: しかし平時における大石は凡庸な家老だったようで、「行灯その他行灯に関わる事項」と渾名されていたことは有名である。
English: Thus, the administration of the Domain fell to the control of a chief retainer Tomofusa ONO who was experienced and good at finance.
Japanese: したがって藩政は老練で財務に長けた家老大野知房が牛耳っていたと思われる。
English: In 1686, he married Korinin who was eighteen years old and a daughter of Tsuneyoshi ISHIZUKA, Hittokaro of the Kyogoku clan of Toyooka Domain.
Japanese: 貞享4年（1686年）には豊岡藩京極氏筆頭家老、石束毎公の18歳の娘香林院と結婚。
English: In 1688 they had their first son Matsunojo (later known as Chikara OISHI).
Japanese: 元禄元年（1688年）、彼女との間に長男松之丞（後の大石主税）を儲けた。
English: Their first daughter, Kuu, was born in 1690 followed by their second son Kichinoshin OISHI (also known as Kichichiyo) in 1691.
Japanese: さらに元禄3年（1690年）には長女大石くう、元禄4年（1691年）には次男大石吉之進（吉千代とも）が生まれている。
English: It is believed that in 1693 Kuranosuke OISHI began his study of Confucianism in Kyoto under Jinsai ITO.
Japanese: また元禄6年（1693年）には大石内蔵助は、京都にあったようで伊藤仁斎に入門して儒学を学んだという。
English: When Mizutani clan of Bicchu-matsuyama Domain underwent Kaieki (the forfeiture of samurai rank and properties) in February 1694, the lord Naganori ASANO (Asano Takumi no Kami) was appointed to the position of messenger of castle management.
Japanese: 元禄7年（1694年）2月、備中松山藩水谷氏が改易となった際、主君浅野長矩（浅野内匠頭）が収城使に任じられた。
English: Kura no Suke went in advance to Matsuyama-jo Castle (Bicchu Province), where those dissatisfied with the Kaieki policy displayed an attitude of do-or-die resistance, and persuaded Kuranosuke TSURUMI, the chief retainer of the Mizutani clan, to surrender the castle in peace.
Japanese: 内蔵助は先発して、改易に不満で徹底抗戦の姿勢を見せていた松山城(備中国)に単身入り、水谷家家老鶴見内蔵助を説得して無事に城を明渡させた。
English: As both of them happened to be named 'Kuranosuke,' there exists an anecdote of a 'face-off between the two Kuranosukes', although it appears to be a myth created after the seige as no evidence to support this currently exists.
Japanese: 二人が偶然同じ「内蔵助」であったことから「両内蔵助の対決」として世間で評判になったという逸話もあるが、残念ながらこれは討ち入り事件後に創作された話らしく、明確な資料に基づいているわけではない。
English: After the surrendering of the castle in peace, Takumi no Kami went back to Ako, but Kuranosuke stayed on and administered Matsuyama-jo Castle for about a year and half until Shigehiro ANDO became the new castle lord the following year.
Japanese: 城の受け取りが無事に済むと内匠頭は赤穂へ帰国したが、内蔵助は在番として留まり、翌年に安藤重博が新城主として入城するまでの一年半余り、松山城の管理を任せられた。
English: February 4 of the fateful year of 1701, Takumi no kami was appointed in Edo by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) head of entertainment for Imperial envoys travelling from the capital to Edo as messengers of Emperor Higashiyama.
Japanese: そして運命の元禄14年（1701年）が訪れ、2月4日に江戸にある内匠頭は、東山天皇の使者として江戸へ下向する予定の勅使達の接待役を幕府より命じられた。
English: The ceremony for Imperial decree was set for March 14, 1701 at Edo-jo Castle, whereupon the Shogun would respond to the Imperial proclamation brought by the Emperor's envoy.
Japanese: 元禄14年（1701年）3月14日、江戸城では勅使が持ってきた勅旨に対して将軍が奉答するという勅答の儀が執り行われるはずであった。
English: However, just before the ceremony, Asano Takumi no Kami, the head of entertainment for Imperial envoy, tried to cut Kozukenosuke Suke KIRA down with a sword in the matsu no roka (the hallway of pines) in Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: しかしこの儀式が始まる直前、江戸城松之大廊下において勅使接待役にある浅野内匠頭が吉良上野介に対して刃傷におよんだ。
English: Greatly angered by this disruption to the ceremony, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, who was Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) and had reverence for the emperor, immediately ordered Takumi no Kami to commit Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and furthermore ordered the extinction of Asano family line, which was an unprecedented punishment for a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
Japanese: 尊皇心の厚い征夷大将軍として知られる徳川綱吉は朝廷との儀式を台無しにされたことに激怒し、内匠頭を大名としては異例の即日切腹に処し、さらに赤穂浅野家をお家断絶とした。
English: A stream of information came from Ako Domain's hantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) to the provincial capitol of Ako: the first dispatch came from Tozaemon HAYAMI and Sampei KAYANO, the second from an ashigaru (common foot soldier) and express messenger, the third from Soemon HARA and Sezaemon OISHI, and the fourth, fifth and sixth from town express messengers, until, by March 28, information such as the assassination attempt, the Seppuku of Asano Takumi no Kami and the Kaieki of Ako Domain arrived.
Japanese: 早水藤左衛門と萱野三平の第一の急使、足軽飛脚による第二の急使、原惣右衛門と大石瀬左衛門の第三の急使、町飛脚による第四・第五・第六の急使、と次々に赤穂藩邸から国許赤穂市へ情報が送られ、3月28日までには刃傷事件・浅野内匠頭切腹・赤穂藩改易といった情報が出揃った。