nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, based at Hirai-jo Castle in Kozuke Province, was attacked by Ujiyasu and seeked the help of the Uesugi clan in Echigo Province, Kagetora immediately dispatched troops and defeated the Hojo army, and let Norimasa to go back to Hirai-jo Castle.
Japanese: 氏康による攻勢を受けていた上野国平井城に拠る関東管領の上杉憲政が、越後に対して救援を求めると景虎はただちに出兵して北条軍を破り、憲政を平井城へ戻した。
English: The Hojo clan, who extended their power to Kozuke Province, a neighboring province of Echigo Province, was also a threat to Kagetora in securing the safety of Echigo Province.
Japanese: 越後の隣国・上野へ力を伸ばす北条氏は、越後の安全を確保する上でも脅威だったためである。
English: In October 1553, Kagetora proceeded to Kyoto to have an audience with Emperor Gonara and the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA of the Muromachi Shogunate.
Japanese: 天文22年（1553年）9月、上洛して後奈良天皇および室町幕府第13代将軍・足利義輝に謁見している。
English: In the same year, when local lords in Shinano Province such as Yoshikiyo MURAKAMI, Masayori TAKANASHI (Kagetora's uncle) and so on who were disposed of their territories due to the invasion of Shinano Province by Harunobu TAKEDA in Kai Province and escaped to Kagetora with the hope of reinstatement of their territories, Kagetora dispatched troops to Shinano Province in response to the request in September and confronted Harunobu at Kawanakajima (southern surburb of Nagano City) (the first Battle of Kawanakajima).
Japanese: 同年、甲斐国の武田晴信の信濃侵攻によって領地を追われた村上義清・高梨政頼（景虎の叔父）らの信濃国人が領地復権を望んで景虎のもとへ逃亡してくると、8月にはこれに応じて信濃に出兵し、川中島（長野市南郊）で晴信と対峙する（第1次川中島の戦い）。
English: Although Takahiro KITAJO, Kagetora's vassal, trafficked with the Takeda clan and initiated a rebellion in 1554, Kagetora himself departed for the front and suppressed the rebellion in 1555.
Japanese: 天文23年（1554年）、家臣の北条高広（きたじょうたかひろ）が武田と通じて謀反を起こしたが、天文24年（1555年）には自らが出陣してこれを鎮圧した。
English: Although Kagetora confronted Harunobu at Kawanakajima again (the second Battle of Kawanakajima) in May 1555, the battle was still unsettled, and they were encamped facing each other for five months.
Japanese: 4月、晴信と川中島で再び対峙したが（第2次川中島の戦い）、決着はつかず対陣5ヶ月に及んだ。
English: However, in July 1556, Kagetora declared that he would enter into priesthood, and left for Mt. Koya (or Mt. Hiei according to a theory).
Japanese: ところが弘治_(日本)2年（1556年）6月、出家すると宣言して高野山（一説に比叡山）に向かう。
English: Although it is said that Kagetora was physically and mentally fatigued by dispute with the Takeda clan and by mediation of dispute among vassals over territories, he gave up entering priesthood by persuasions of Koiku TENSHITSU, Masakage NAGAO and so on.
Japanese: この頃、武田氏との抗争や家臣同士の領土争いの調停で心身が疲れきっていたとも言われているが、天室光育、長尾政景らの説得で出家を断念した。
English: In May 1557, Kagetora departed for the front at Kawanakajima (the third Battle of Kawanakajima).
Japanese: 弘治3年（1557年）4月、川中島に出陣する（第三次川中島の戦い）。
English: However, when Kagetora was preoccupied face to face with the Takeda army, an uprising of the Ikko sect followers occurred in Ecchu Province, thus he was forced to withdraw.
Japanese: しかし武田軍とは睨み合いに終始し、さらに越中で一向一揆が起こったため、撤退を余儀なくされた。
English: In May 1559, Kagetora went up to Kyoto again to have an audience with the Emperor Ogimachi and Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 永禄2年（1559年）4月、再度上洛して正親町天皇や将軍・足利義輝に拝謁する。
English: Inspite of a close relationship between Kagetora and Yoshiteru, when Yoshiteru dispatched Harumitsu ODACHI, a chief retainer of bakufu, to mediate an alliance among Kagetora, Harunobu and Ujiyasu and to persuade them to cooperate in expelling the force of Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, the alliance was not realized due to the large differences in ideas.
Japanese: 景虎と義輝との関係は親密なものであったが、義輝が幕府の重臣である大舘晴光を派遣して景虎・晴信・氏康の三者の和睦を斡旋し三好長慶の勢力を駆逐するために協力するよう説得した際には、三者の考え方の溝は大きく実現しなかった。
English: In April 1560, Kagetora departed for the front in Ecchu Province, and helped Yasutane SHIINA by defeating Nagamoto JINBO.
Japanese: 永禄3年（1560年）3月、越中に出陣し、神保長職を破って椎名康胤を援けた。
English: Kagetora captured Musashi Matsuyama-jo Castle (Musashi Province), and in March 1561, supported Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, and besieged Odawara-jo Castle with a large force consisting of 100,000 vassals of old Uesugi clan such as Narimasa NAGANO, Hidetsuna OYAMA, Ujiharu ODA, Suketane NASU, Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th family head), Sukemasa OTA, Tsunahide MITA, Nagayasu NARITA and so on.
Japanese: 武蔵松山城(武蔵国)を攻め落とし、永禄4年（1561年）3月に関東管領・上杉憲政を擁して長野業正、小山秀綱、小田氏治、那須資胤、佐竹義重(十八代当主)、太田資正、三田綱秀、成田長泰ら旧上杉家家臣団10万の大軍で小田原城を包囲する。
English: On the way to Odawara, Kagetora took over Kogagosho(residence of Koga-kubo), which was a hometown of Kanto-kubo and regarded as the center of Kanto region, later expelling Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (Kogakubo (descendants of one of the Ashikaga families that held the office of the Kanto district administrator)), who was a puppet of the Hojo clan, and instead reinstated Fujiuji ASHIKAGA (original legitimate Kogakubo).
Japanese: また小田原へ向かう途上には、関東公方の在所で当時は関東の中心と目されていた古河御所を制圧し、北条氏の傀儡であった足利義氏(古河公方)を放逐のうえ足利藤氏（本来の正統な古河公方）を替りに古河御所内に迎え入れた。
English: However, he failed to take over Odawara-jo Castle and so withdrew his soldiers to Kamakura a month later.
Japanese: しかし小田原城自体は、落城させることができず、1ヶ月後に鎌倉に兵を引いた。
English: During this period, Kagetora succeeded to the family headship of Yamanouchi-Uesugi family and the post of Kanto Kanrei at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine of Kamakura Government on May 10, 1561, also at the request of Norimasa UESUGI, he changed his name to Masatora UESUGI.
Japanese: しかし、この間に景虎は、上杉憲政の要請もあって鎌倉府の鶴岡八幡宮において閏3月16日、山内上杉家の家督と関東管領職を相続、名を上杉政虎（うえすぎまさとら）と改めた。
English: The duty of Kanto Kanrei was originally to assist the Kogakubo (Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region)), and since Kagetora succeeded in regaining control of Kogagosho which was invaded by the Hojo clan and put forward Fujiuji ASHIKAGA, original legitimate successor, as Kogakubo, it was also recognized by the Imperial court, bakufu and territorial lords in the Kanto region that Kagetora inherited the family headship of Uesugi clan and assumed Kanto Kanrei.
Japanese: 関東管領の職は本来、古河公方（鎌倉公方）を助けることが職務であるため、北条に侵略されていた古河御所の奪還と、本来の正統な相続者である足利藤氏を古河公方に擁立することに成功した景虎は朝廷および幕府からも関東の諸大名からも認められた上杉氏の家督相続と関東管領就任であった。
English: Originally the Uesugi family inherited the family pedigree of a maternal relative of the Ashikaga clan, and had been appointed to Kanto Kanrei for generations due to such a relationship.
Japanese: もともと上杉家は足利氏の外戚として名門の地位にあり、関東管領職はその縁で代々任じられてきた役職であった。
English: The Nagao family was a vassal of the Uesugi family, furthermore, the real family name of the Uesugi family was Fujiwara while that of Nagao family was Kammu-Heishi (Taira clan).
Japanese: 長尾家は上杉家の家臣筋であり、しかも上杉家の本姓が藤原氏なのに対して長尾家は桓武平氏であった。
English: The circumstance to the inheritance to a family name of Uesugi clan by Kagetora NAGAO who was a vassal with a different real name was that Norimasa UESUGI always desired to adopt a child to the Uesugi family but was refused from the Satake clan who had adopted a child from the Uesugi family, then made a tough decision to have Kagetora NAGAO, an influential person in Echigo Province, succeed to the family name.
Japanese: 異姓にして家臣筋の長尾景虎が上杉氏の名跡を継承するに至った背景には、かねてから上杉家に養子を招くことを望んでいた上杉憲政が、上杉家から養子を出したことのある佐竹氏からの養子を断られ、苦悩の末に越後国の実力者である長尾景虎に継がせたという経緯がある。
English: However, there is an account in the 'Hankanpu' (Genealogy of the Protectors of the Shogunate) that Masatora was a male descendant of Yorinari UESUGI..
Japanese: ただし、藩翰譜によると、政虎自身が上杉頼成の男系子孫であるという記述がある。
English: Onin Bukan(a book of heraldry in the Onin era) and Hagiwara-kafuan (proposed genealogical table of the Hagiwara family) also has a description to the effect that a son (Fujikage NAGAO) of Yorinari UESUGI was adopted by the Nagao clan as an heir.
Japanese: 応仁武鑑や萩原家譜案にも、上杉頼成の男子（長尾藤景）が長尾氏へ入嗣した旨が記されている。
English: However, most of the other family trees show that the Nagao family established in Shimousa Province as a branch family adopted a child from the Uesugi family, and the Echigo Nagao clan had almost no direct relationship (a line of Kagetame NAGAO or Kageyoshi NAGAO).
Japanese: しかし、他の系図では上杉家から養子を迎えたのは下総に分家した長尾であって、越後長尾氏には直接関係無いとする系図がほとんど（長尾景為或いは長尾景能の流れ）である。
English: Both the Satake and the Nagao families belonged to a line of family by adopting a child from the Uesugi family, although there was no direct blood line.
Japanese: 実際の血統が繋がっていなくとも、長尾家も佐竹家と同じく上杉家からの養子を迎えた家系ということになる。
English: In September 1561, after returning to their own Province, Masatora UESUGI led 13,000 soldiers and departed for the front at Kawanakajima (the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima).
Japanese: 帰国後の永禄4年（1561年）8月、1万3000の兵を率いて川中島に出陣する（第4次川中島の戦い）。
English: Although, Nobushige TAKEDA, Shingen's younger brother, and Kansuke YAMAMOTO, strategist of Takeda army were killed, the Uesugi army also had an enormous number of casualties and the Battle ended in a draw due to damage to both armies.
Japanese: 信玄の実弟である武田信繁・武田軍軍師山本勘助らを討ち取ったが、上杉軍の死傷者も甚大で、結局痛み分けに終わった。
English: However, Masatora could not fight actively due to heavy damage to the troops at the Battle of Kawanakajima and had to withdraw (Obatake Monjo (documents of the Obata family) in the Cabinet Library).
Japanese: しかし川中島における軍勢の被害が甚大であり積極的に戦うことができず撤退する（内閣文庫所蔵・小幡家文書）。
English: Thereafter, not only Nagayasu NARITA and Masatsuna SANO but also Norimori UESUGI of Musashi Province surrendered to the Hojo clan.
Japanese: その後は成田長泰や佐野昌綱を始め、武蔵国の同族上杉憲盛までもが北条方に降る。
English: Although Masatora moved from place to place to fight in the provinces of Kozuke, Musashi, Hitachi, Shimotsuke and Shimousa, his territories in the Kanto region remained mainly in the eastern part of Kozuke Province (however, some powerful families in the provinces of Kozuke, Shimotsuke and Hitachi took the side of Uesugi clan when Kenshin died).
Japanese: 政虎は上野・武蔵・常陸・下野・下総などで転戦したが、関東における領土は主に東上野にとどまった（但し謙信没時、上野・下野・常陸の豪族の一部は上杉方）。
English: As it turned out, Terutora only gained control of a part of the northern edge of Shinano Province, and failed to regain former territories of Murakami clan and Takanashi clan.
Japanese: 結局のところ信濃の北辺の一部を掌握したのみで、村上氏、高梨氏らの旧領を回復することはできなかった。
English: In August and October 1562, Terutora departed for the front in Ecchu Province, and forced Nagamoto JINBO who was oppressing Yasutane SHIINA to surrender.
Japanese: 永禄5年（1562年）7月と9月、越中に出陣して椎名康胤を圧迫する神保長職を降伏させた。
English: In 1564, he obliterated the army headed by Moriuji ASHINA which invaded Echigo Province under an alliance with Shingen.
Japanese: 永禄7年（1564年）、信玄と手を結んで越後へ攻め込んだ蘆名盛氏軍を撃破。
English: In the meanwhile, Terutora captured Shinano Nojiri-jo Castle (Shinano Province) conquered by Shingen, thereafter, he again confronted Shingen at Kawanakajima again (the fifth Battle of Kawanakajima).
Japanese: その間に信玄が信濃野尻城(信濃国)を攻略したが奪還し、後に川中島で再び対峙した（第5次川中島の戦い）。
English: In 1562, at the front in Kanto region, Terutora destroyed the Akai clan, lord of Kozuke Tatebayashi-jo Castle.
Japanese: 関東の戦線では輝虎が永禄5年（1562年）に上野館林城主の赤井氏を滅ぼした。
English: In 1566, he succeeded in having the Oda clan in Hitachi Province to surrender again, and attacked Usui-jo Castle which was a foothold of the Chiba clan in Shimousa Province.
Japanese: 永禄9年（1566年）には常陸の小田氏を再び降伏させ、下総の千葉氏の拠点である臼井城へ攻め寄せた。
English: However, Terutora cornered the castle to the extent of almost taking over, but eventually, he had to withdraw.
Japanese: だが、城自体は陥落寸前まで追い詰めたものの結果的には撤退することとなった。
English: Furthermore, around the time, Shingen TAKEDA suppressed territories of the Uesugi clan in western part of Kozuke one after another, and destroyed the Nagano and Kuragano clan.
Japanese: さらにちょうどその頃、武田信玄が上杉方の西上野を次々と平定し、長野氏や倉賀野氏を滅ぼした。
English: In 1568, Tetutora was assigned to Kanto Kanrei postion by a new shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）、新しく将軍となった足利義昭からも関東管領に任命された。
English: In 1568, Terutora attacked Matsukura-jo Castle (Ecchu Province) and Moriyama-jo Castle (Ecchu Province) to suppress an uprising of the Ikko sect followers in Ecchu Province caused by Yasutane SHIINA who contracted with Shingen TAKEDA, but he returned to Echigo Province in June 1568 due to a rebellion caused by his senior vassal, Shigenaga HONJO, who had also contracted with Shingen.
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）、越中の一向一揆と椎名康胤が武田信玄と通じたため、越中を制圧するために松倉城(越中国)・守山城(越中国)を攻撃したが、5月に信玄と通じた重臣の本庄繁長の謀反のため越後に戻った。
English: In 1569, with the assistance of Moriuji ASHINA, Terutora permitted Shigenaga HONJO to return to the service of his master in exchange, he was to offer his own legitimate son, Akinaga HONJO, as a hostage.
Japanese: 永禄12年（1569年）には蘆名盛氏の仲介を受け、本庄繁長から嫡男・本庄顕長を人質として差し出させることで、繁長の帰参を許した。
English: Yoshimasu DAIHOJI from Dewa Province, had an alliance with Shigenaga, surrendered to Terutora and as a result, Terutora claimed the Shonai region in Dewa Province.
Japanese: また繁長と手を結んでいた出羽の大宝寺義増も輝虎に降伏し、出羽庄内地方を手にする。
English: In March 1569, in order to check against Shingen TAKEDA, Terutora concluded an alliance with Ujiyasu HOJO an old enemy of Terutora who was a Kanto Kanrei (the Etsu-So Alliance (the Echigo and Sagami alliance)).
Japanese: 永禄12年（1569年）3月、武田信玄を牽制するため関東管領である輝虎にとっては宿敵である北条氏康と同盟する（越相同盟）。
English: In 1570, Terutora adopted Saburo HOJO, the seventh son of Ujiyasu (a different opinion exists), he really liked Saburo giving his own original name, Kagetora UESUGI, as well as treating him kindly as one family.
Japanese: 元亀元年（1570年）、氏康の7男（異説あり）である北条三郎を養子として迎えた輝虎は、三郎のことを大いに気に入って上杉景虎という自身の初名を与えるとともに、一族衆として厚遇したという。
English: In 1571, after the death of Ujiyasu HOJO, his successor Ujimasa HOJO broke up the alliance with the Uesugi clan and again reconciled with Shingen TAKEDA, later Terutora was encamped at Tone-gawa River sandwiched between both the armies.
Japanese: 元亀2年（1571年）、北条氏康が死去し、後を継いだ北条氏政は上杉との同盟を破棄、武田信玄と再び和睦したため、その後両軍と利根川を挟み対陣した。
English: In November 1571, Terutora accepted an offer of alliance from Nobunaga ODA, mobilizing on a large scale they went into combat with Shingen.
Japanese: 11月、大規模に動員した信玄と交戦状態に入った、織田信長の同盟の申し出を受ける。
English: Although he departed for the front in Ecchu Province, Terutora was annoyed with an uprising of Ikko sect followers who contracted with Shingen to cause a rebellion.
Japanese: その後越中に出陣したが、信玄に通じて反乱を起こした一向一揆に悩まされた。
English: In 1573, a weak threat from the Takeda clan as Shingen TAKEDA, an old enemy, was submerged in sickness, Terutora seized major parts of territories in Ecchu Province, and extended his influence to the Hida Province as the Ema clan yielded allegiance to him.
Japanese: 元亀4年（1573年）、宿敵・武田信玄が病没して武田氏の脅威が薄らぎ越中の過半を制圧、江馬氏の服属で飛騨にも力を伸ばした。
English: In the same year, Ujimasa HOJO invaded Kozuke Province, because of this Kenshin departed for the front in the Kanto region in 1574, and attacked the Yura clan, lord of Nitta Kaneyama-jo Castle to yield military results.
Japanese: 同年に北条氏政が上野に侵攻、これに対するため天正2年（1574年）、関東に出陣して新田金山城主の由良氏を攻撃して戦果をあげた。
English: As soon as Ujimasa HOJO attacked the Yanada clan of Sekijuku-jo Castle in Shimousa Province, Kenshin aimed at creating confusion by successively attacking castles such as Musashi Kisai-jo Castle, Oshi-jo Castle and Hachigata-jo Castle of the Hojo clan, but he failed but Sekijuku-jo Castle surrendered.
Japanese: 北条氏政が下総関宿城の簗田氏を攻撃するや、謙信は北条方の武蔵騎西城・忍城・鉢形城下など諸城を相次いで攻めて後方かく乱を狙ったが失敗、関宿城は降伏してしまった。
English: On March 3, 1575, the adopted child, Kiheiji AKIKAGE, of Kenshin changed his name to Kagekatsu UESUGI, and gave up becoming a kanto (government service) of danjo-shohitsu.
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）1月11日、養子の喜平次顕景の名を上杉景勝と改めさせ、弾正少弼の官途を譲った。
English: In March 1576, Kenshin conciliated with Kennyo HONGANJI and was placed in a difficult situation, leading to a battle with Nobunaga.
Japanese: 天正4年（1576年）2月、信長との戦いで苦境に立たされていた本願寺顕如と講和する。
English: At this time, Kenshin reconciled with Katsuyori TAKEDA and broke up the alliance with Nobunaga and built up an anti-Nobunaga network with Kenshin as a new leader.
Japanese: このとき、武田勝頼とも和睦して信長との同盟を破棄し、新たに謙信を盟主とする信長包囲網を築き上げたのである。
English: In October 1576, Kenshin invaded Ecchu Province where the Shogunal Deputy Hatakeyama clan served as Shugo (provincial constable) nominally, and conquered Toyama-jo Castle and Masuyama-jo Castle under control of an uprising of Ikko sect followers.
Japanese: 天正4年（1576年）9月、名目上管領畠山氏が守護をつとめる越中に侵攻して一向一揆支配下の富山城、増山城を落とした。
English: After that, Kenshin took control of Hasunuma-jo Castle of Yasutane SHIINA (Ecchu shugodai), killed Yasutane, and suppressed the turbulence in Ecchu Province.
Japanese: 次いで椎名康胤（越中守護代）の蓮沼城を陥落させ康胤を討ち取り、騒乱の越中を平定した。
English: The castles in Noto Province were conquered by the Uesugi army in the previous year were reconquered by the enemy during that time, Kenshin invaded Noto Province again and besieged Nanao-jo Castle in August 1577.
Japanese: その間に敵軍によって上杉軍が前年に奪っていた能登の諸城は落とされたが、閏7月、再び能登に侵攻し、七尾城を包囲する。
English: Since Tsugutsura CHO and others, who trafficked with Nobunaga ODA, were killed, Nanao-jo Castle fell and Haruomaru HATAKEYAMA, a puppet lord of Noto Province, died of illness, Noto Province came under the control of Kenshin UESUGI..
Japanese: 織田信長と通じていた長続連らは殺され、七尾城は落城し能登の傀儡国主である畠山春王丸も病により没したため、能登は上杉謙信の支配下に入った。
English: It is said that Kenshin UESUGI intended to revive the Hatakeyama family, a family pedigree, and planned to support Yoshiharu HATAKEYAMA as lord of Noto Province after expelling powerful local lords.
Japanese: 上杉謙信には名門畠山家の復興が思慮にあり、有力国人を廃したうえで畠山義春を能登の国主として擁立する計画であったといわれている。
English: And, after this battle, Kenshin wrote a letter intending to adopt a son of Yoshitaka HATAKEYAMA, and it is said that this son referred to hiself as Haruomaru, but was actually a son of Yoshitsugu HATAKEYAMA.
Japanese: また、この戦いの後、畠山義隆の息子を養子にすると書かれた謙信書状が出されており、この子は春王丸自身や実際には畠山義続の子であるとも言われる。
English: Meanwhile, the Oda clan received a request from Tsugutura CHO for reinforcement as Katsuie SHIBATA and so on, was on the way to Kaga Province with an advance party of 30,000 soldiers, and a main force of 18,000 soldiers led by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 一方、長続連の援軍要請を受けていた織田氏は、柴田勝家らの先発隊3万、信長率いる本隊1万8000が加賀国に向かっていた。
English: In order to counterattack such armies, Kenshin conquered Suemori-jo Castle (Noto Province) on November 7, 1577, and attacked and conquered Matsunami-jo Castle on November 8, 1577.
Japanese: 謙信はこれを迎え撃つため、9月17日に末森城(能登国)を落とし、9月18日には松波城を攻め落とした。
English: On November 13, 1577, the Oda army commanded by Katsuie SHIBATA finally came to know of the fall of Nanao-jo Castle while crossing the Tetori-gara River.
Japanese: 9月23日、柴田勝家率いる織田軍は、手取川を渡河したところでようやく七尾城の陥落を知った。
English: It is believed that although Katsuie in a panic issued an order to withdraw, the Uesugi army further advanced to Matsuto-jo Castle pursued and obliterated the Oda army while they were crossing the Tetori-gawa River.
Japanese: 慌てた勝家は撤退命令を出したが、さらに松任城に進軍した上杉軍は手取川の渡河に手間取る織田軍を追撃して撃破したとされる。
English: Kenshin returned to Kasugayama-jo Castle on February 4, 1578, and issued a large-scale mobilization order for the next expedition on February 9, 1578.
Japanese: 天正5年（1577年）12月18日、謙信は春日山城に帰還し、12月23日には次なる遠征に向けての大動員令を発した。
English: However, on April 25, 1578, six days before the start, Kenshin fell and died suddenly on April 29, 1578 in Kasugayama-jo Castle while preparing for the expedition.
Japanese: しかしその6日前である3月9日、遠征の準備中に春日山城で倒れ、3月13日、急死した。
English: This earthenware pot was enshrined in a corner at Honmaru (the keep of a castle) of Yonezawa-jo Castle even after the Uesugi family moved to Yonezawa, later after the Meiji Restoration, it was moved to a mausoleum where successive lords of the domain were laid to rest.
Japanese: この甕は上杉家が米沢に移った後も米沢城本丸一角に安置され、明治維新の後、歴代藩主が眠る御廟へと移された。
English: There were two attempted expeditions, first was that Kenshin intended to go up to Kyoto and defeat Nobunaga ODA, and the next was he intended to invade the Kanto region once again, but the details are unknown (according to recent research, the invasion into the Kanto region is widely accepted).
Japanese: 未遂に終わった遠征では上洛して織田信長を打倒しようとしていたとも、関東に再度侵攻しようとしていたとも言われているが、詳細は不明（近年の研究では関東侵攻説が有力になりつつある）。
English: In the TV program, "Sonotoki Rekishiga Ugoita" (The movement of History) (broadcasted on April 4, 2007 by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)), 'Kenshin defeated Nobunaga and went up to Kyoto after invading the Kanto region' was widely-accepted.
Japanese: 『その時歴史が動いた』（日本放送協会、2007年4月4日放送）では、「関東侵攻後、信長を打倒し京へ上洛」が有力説とされた。
English: 'Shijukyunen Issuinoyume Ichigonoeiga Ippainosake' (A 49-year life is like a one-night dream, single-period prosperity and a cup of sake) (there is a historical material containing a subsequent phrase, 'Ah, Yanagimidori Hanakurenai' (Oh, willow is green and a flower is red).)
Japanese: 「四十九年一睡の夢一期の栄華一盃の酒」（「嗚呼柳緑花紅」と続く史料もある）
English: It is believed that Kenshin was charismatic by birth, and grabbed the interest of not only vassals of Nagao family but also powerful families when he was called back by his older brother on reaching manhood.
Japanese: 生まれつきのカリスマ性を持ち、兄から呼びもどされて元服すると長尾家家臣だけでなく、豪族の心もつかんだとされている。
English: He was unconventional and strange in some aspects like identifying himself as an incarnation of Bishamonten, fighting for divine justice, being impatient and short tempered and so on, while in other aspects he was striking and harsh, he was unlike a warring lord as he was too delicate and often shedded tears.
Japanese: 自らを毘沙門天の化身と称したり天罰と信じて戦を行う、短気であるなど、奇抜で苛烈な一面がある一方で、よく涙を流す、戦国大名らしからぬほど非常に繊細な面もあったとされる。
English: And, he had another aspect of loving his children dearly like frequently writing letters to his adopted child, Kagekatsu UESUGI, inviting and doting on him (before being adopted officially, Kagekatsu often stayed at Sakato-jo Castle which was the residential castle of his father, Masakage).
Japanese: また、養子の上杉景勝に頻繁に手紙を送ったり呼び寄せたり（景勝は正式に養子になる以前は父・政景の居城である坂戸城にいたことが多かった）する子煩悩な一面もある。
English: He was not only a strategist and tactician but also a man of culture who interacted with court nobles because he was acquainted with waka (Japanese poetry), had good handwriting and received instruction in esoteric points of waka from Taneie KONOE.
Japanese: 戦略家・戦術家としてだけではなく、和歌に通じ、達筆でもあり、近衛稙家から和歌の奥義を伝授されるなど、公家との交流も深い文化人でもあった。
English: He especially liked to read love stories such as Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji) and so on, and it is said that when Kenshin went up to Kyoto for Uta-kai (poem competition) everyone was surprised to hear his splendid Gaka (koiuta (lovers poetry)).
Japanese: 特に源氏物語を始めとする恋愛物を好んで読んでおり、上洛した際に開催した歌会でも見事な雅歌（恋歌）を読み、参加者全員を驚かせたと言う。
English: Until his adolescence, Kenshin learned Zen from his master Koiku TENSHITSU at Rinsen-ji Temple (Joetsu City) which was an ancient temple of Soto school of Buddhism, and when he went to Kyoto, he practiced Zen meditation under Soku of Daitoku-ji Temple of Rinzai sect and was granted a posthumous Buddhist name of 'Soshin.'
Japanese: 青年期までは曹洞宗の古刹、林泉寺(上越市)で師の天室光育から禅を学び、上洛時には臨済宗大徳寺の宗九のもとに参禅し「宗心」という戒名を受けた。
English: In the last years, Kenshin made a commitment to the Shingon sect, received Denpo-kanjo (esoteric Buddhist ritual of pouring water on the top of monk's head for transfer of Dahrma) from Shoin (Shingon sect) of Kongobu-ji Temple on Mt. Koya, and was granted a rank of Ajari (a master of esoteric Buddhism) Daisozu (the highest grade that can be held by one who has reached the second highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests).
Japanese: 晩年には真言宗に傾倒し、高野山金剛峯寺の清胤_(真言宗)から伝法潅頂を受け阿闍梨権大僧都の位階を受けている。
English: A general impression of Kenshin was being 'good at military administration, but no good at domestic administration,' in actual fact Kenshin strictly regulated and managed the distribution of products within the territory such as Aoso, a fiber material for clothing, spreading it nationwide through the Japan Sea route and made enormous profits which was used as source of funds.
Japanese: 一般には「戦上手の内政下手」という印象があるが、実際には衣料の原料となる青苧を栽培し、日本海ルートで全国に広め、財源とするなど、領内の物産流通の精密な統制管理を行い莫大な利益を上げていた。
English: Most military expenditures supporting the Uesugi army were obtained by commerce, a highly praised anecdote 'send salt to the enemy' was admired by Sanyo RAI as a heartwarming story, in actual fact Kenshin did not prohibit the selling of salt by the merchants in Kai Province and Shinano Province as an important source of funds for military expenditure.
Japanese: 上杉軍の行動を支える軍費の大半は通商によって得られており、頼山陽が美談として激賞した「敵に塩を送る」という逸話も、実際には軍費調達の必要上から甲斐・信濃の商人への塩販売を禁じなかっただけと見ることも出来る。
English: But, often being troubled with rebellions by powerful families in Echigo Province, Kenshin as well as Shingen could not escape from the leader of the alliance among powerful local lords in the province.
Japanese: だが越後国人たちの離反には度々悩まされているように、謙信も信玄同様、国人衆の連合盟主という地位から脱することができなかった。
English: It has been said that he placed importance on receiving information in battle, and employed a ninja group called Nokizaru (also called Tanzaru).
Japanese: 合戦では情報を得ることを重視し、軒猿（担猿）という忍者集団を擁していたと言われている。