nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Akiteru had his will to return to the post of Kurodo after the recuperation, so he tendered his letter of resignation over consultation with his biological father, Toshiaki BOJO; although he secretly hoped that his resignation would not be accepted or would be given a chance to come back to the position, he was dismissed and he wrote 'all I can do is to sigh and lament over the past' in his diary (the section of twelfth and thirteenth of October, the fourth year of Koka era of "Akiteru Diary").
Japanese: ただし、顕彰自身は蔵人の仕事自体には意欲を持ち、静養の後に復職したいという希望はもっていたらしく、実父の坊城俊明と相談して一旦蔵人の辞表を提出したものの、そのまま解任となり、「仰天嘆息之外無之者也」（『顕彰日記』弘化4年10月12・13日条）と書き記している。
English: Later, he was forgiven and appointed to Sachuben (Middle Controller of the Left) in November 1857 and participated in Teishin hachiju-hachi kyo ressan jiken (Demo of eighty-eight retainers of Imperial Court) together with his adopted child Tsuneosa, and biological child, Tsunenori HONAMI.
Japanese: その後、許されて安政4年（1857年）10月に左中弁に任ぜられ、廷臣八十八卿列参事件には養子・経理及び実子の穂波経度とともに加わっている。
English: SHOKU shugen (date of birth and death unknown) was toraijin (settlers) who became naturalized as a Japanese citizen from Tang in the latter half of the seventh century (the late Asuka period).
Japanese: 続守言（しょくしゅげん、生没年不明）は、7世紀後半（飛鳥時代後期）に唐から倭（日本）へ帰化した渡来人。
English: Baekje was destroyed by Tang in 660, however, surviving retainers of Baekje including Fukushin KISHITSU launched the insurgency to rebuild the country and they captured the Chinese, Shoku shugen and Kokaku SATSU.
Japanese: 660年、唐によって百済が滅亡したが、百済遺臣の鬼室福信らは国家再興のため反乱を起こし、唐人の続守言・薩弘恪らを補えた。
English: Fukushin KISHITSU and other members asked Wakoku (Japan) to return King of Paekche Buyeo Pung who was taken as a hostage, and provide military aid.
Japanese: 鬼室福信らは倭国に対し、人質となっていた百済王子扶余豊璋の帰国と、軍事支援を求めた。
English: It is said that Wakoku agreeded this and returned Buyeo Pung, and in exchange for this, Fukushin sent Shoku shugen and Kokaku SATSU to Wakoku.
Japanese: 倭国はこれに応じて豊璋を送り出し、福信はその交換として続守言・薩弘恪らを倭に送ったという。
English: Shoku shugen and others who were sent to Tukushi Province was taken to the capital of Wakoku under guard in March, 663.
Japanese: 筑紫国に送られた続守言らは、天智天皇2年（663年）2月頃、倭の都へ護送された。
English: More than one hundred captives including them were forced to live in Omi Province, and after that, they were transferred to Fuwa gun or Katagata-gun, Mino Province.
Japanese: 彼ら俘虜100余名は近江国に住まわされ、その後美濃国不破郡・方県郡両郡に移された。
English: After that, Shoku shugen and Kokaku SATSU served the Imperial Court and they were given rice in 689 and Niju-ryo (20-ryo) of silver in September 691.
Japanese: 続守言・薩弘恪はその後、朝廷に仕え、持統天皇3年（689年）には稲を賜り、同5年（691年）9月には銀20両を賜っている。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), it is recorded that Syoku shugen and Kokaku SATSU were Oto hakase at this time.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』にはこのとき続守言・薩弘恪は音博士であったと記されている。
English: Oto hakase was the post to teach pronunciation of Chinese language in those days when people read Keisho (most important documents in Confucianism) of Confucianism (see Ondo (study of pronounciation of Chinese language) for more information).
Japanese: これは儒教の経書を読む際に、当時の唐語（漢音）による音読法を教えるための役職であった（詳細は音道を参照）。
English: In addition, they were involved in selection of Asukakiyomihararyo (the legal code of Japanese ancient state) and compilation of the national history.
Japanese: このほか、飛鳥浄御原令の選定や、国史の編纂事業にも関わったと考えられている。
English: Taro NAKAMURA (1852 - May 14, 1878) was a servant of Toshimitsu OKUBO; the First Secretary of Interior.
Japanese: 中村太郎（なかむらたろう、嘉永5年（1852年）-明治11年（1878年）5月14日）とは、初代内務卿・大久保利通の従者。
English: He was born in Osaka as an orphan but fostered by OKUBO and given the name Taro NAKAMURA.
Japanese: 大阪の生まれだが、親のない捨て子であったのを大久保に拾われて「中村太郎」の名を与えられたという。
English: On May 14, 1878, OKUBO and NAKAMURA were assassinated by six fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes) including Ichiro SHIMADA and Go CHOREN on the way to Akasaka temporary Imperial Palace, where NAKAMURA received a fatal thrust into the throat.
Japanese: 明治11年（1878年）5月14日、赤坂仮皇居へ向かう途中、島田一郎・長連豪ら不平士族6名に襲われ、大久保は殺され、自身も喉を突かれて殺害された。
English: The Miura clan, enjoying its political dominance by taking advantage of being the maternal relatives of the Hojo clan (warrior family of the Kamakura period, hereditary regents of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), came into severe conflict with the Adachi clan, which also became the new maternal relatives of the Hojo family.
Japanese: 三浦氏は北条氏の外戚として勢威を振るっていたが、新たな北条家外戚となった安達氏との対立が激化する。
English: In 1247, Tokiyori HOJO took up arms with the aids of the Adachi clan in Kamakura.
Japanese: 宝治元年（1247年）、安達氏の後押しを得た執権・北条時頼は鎌倉で挙兵。
English: The Bottle of Hoji resulted in the death of almost all Nagao family members who fought in the battle, and it is considered there were only a few survivors of the Nagao family including Kagetada NAGAO, the child of Kagemochi.
Japanese: 長尾一族はほとんど絶え、生き残りは景茂の子である長尾景忠など、わずかであったという。
English: Nagao clan began to serve the Uesugi clan around the time of Motokage NAGAO and Kagetame NAGAO.
Japanese: のちに長尾氏が上杉氏に使え始めたのは長尾基景や長尾景為の時代である。
English: Munenao TAKAHASHI (1703 - 1785) was a Kuge (court noble), authority of ancient practice of customs and scholar of Japanese classical literature in the Edo Period.
Japanese: 高橋宗直（たかはしむねなお、元禄16年（1703年）-天明5年（1785年））は江戸時代の公家、故実家、国学者。
English: His major books include "Saihei no Zu" (Graphic explanation of arrangement of rice cakes for the ceremony), "Asagarei Daishoji tou Gozen no Zu" (Graphic explanation of serving dishes for the emperors) and "Goshido Gozen no Sho" (The book of serving dishes for the shrines).
Japanese: 主な著書に『載餅之図』『朝餉大床子等御膳図』『御祠堂御膳之書』がある。
English: Nioko WAKAE (1835 - October 11, 1881) was a lady from court noble.
Japanese: 若江薫子（わかえにおこ、天保6年（1835年）-明治14年（1881年）10月11日）は幕末から明治初期の公家出身女性。
English: She was also a prominent thinker of the principle of reverence for the Emperor and a scholar of the study of Chinese classics and later became an education grand master (tutor) to Haruko ICHIJO (later to become Empress Dowager Shoken).
Japanese: 尊皇思想家、漢学としても著名で、後に一条美子（後の昭憲皇太后）の学問師範（家庭教師）を務める。
English: She was the main character in the novel " Woman named Akiran" by Sonoko SUGIMOTO.
Japanese: 杉本苑子の小説『秋蘭という女』（ISBN978-4061852747）の主人公でもある。
English: While her family was the court nobility related to the Sugawara clan, the chaos of the Sengoku Period vanquished the lineage without a successor, but was reinstated by request of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA despite the lineage being demoted from Tosho-ke to Jige-ke as a result of disownment by Emperor Gomizunoo..
Japanese: 実家の若江家は菅原氏の系譜に連なる公家ではあったが、戦国時代(日本)の混乱のため絶家、江戸時代になって徳川家光からの申し入れにより再興されたが、後水尾天皇の勅勘をくらい、それがきっかけとなり堂上家から地下家に転落した家柄であった。
English: Even after the reinstatement of their family status, Nioko was the second of three sisters and her father Ryoukei WAKAE was also adopted from the Nishikikoji family, which meant they had no male successors so they had to adopt children from other families to be the third, fourth, fifth, eighth, and ninth successors.
Japanese: 更にその後も後継者たる男子に恵まれず、再興後も3、4、5、8、9代が他家から養子相続であり、薫子の父・若江量長も錦小路家からの養子で、薫子も3人姉妹（男兄弟は無し）の次女であった。
English: She was born to the Eighth head of the Wakae family (post restoration) as second daughter and her childhood name was known to be 'Fumiko' by some accounts.
Japanese: 若江家の8代（再興後）当主・若江量長の次女として誕生、幼名は「文子」であったという説もある。
English: From one perspective, she was studious in her childhood and well known amongst court noble society, while on the other hand there were many who avoided her because of her unrefined demeanor and ugly looks.
Japanese: 幼少時から学問好きの才媛として公家社会の中では有名人であったが、一方で野暮で理屈っぽい醜女として避けている人も多かったようである。
English: From earlier on, she became a disciple of Gesshu IWAGAMI and studied Chinese classics, read through Rekishi Hyakka at the age of 15 or 16, and surprised many with her translation summary of "Shinansho" written by Buntensho.
Japanese: 早くから岩垣月洲門下生となり漢学に習熟、15、6歳のころには経史百家を完読、数年後には文天祥の著書『指南集』の釈義を書いて周囲を驚かせたと言われる。
English: The Imperial Palace caught wind of her literary talent and on September 6, 1867 it selected her to be a tutor for Haruko ICHIJO, who later became Meiji Empress (Empress Dowager Shoken).
Japanese: その才女ぶりが宮中に聞こえるところとなり、慶応3年8月9日（1867年9月6日）には明治天皇女御となった一条美子（後の昭憲皇太后）の学問師範に抜擢される。
English: Despite Nioko's strict teaching manner that often times almost made her cry, Empress Dowager Shoken largely owes her education to Nioko's teachings.
Japanese: この時の教育ぶりについて後に昭憲皇太后は「（薫子の）厳しい教育に泣きそうになったこともたびたびであったが、自分の学問は薫子に負うところが大であった」と回想している。
English: After Meiji Restoration, she had an influential voice in politics and wrote many petitions that earned her a nickname "petition lady" although because her ideas based on Confucianism conflicted with the new government's policy that placed importance on the cultures of Europe and America, the prominent people of the new government gradually stayed away from her.
Japanese: 明治維新後は皇后付き女官として政治的にも絶大な発言力を誇るようになり、建白書を多く書いたことから「建白女」とあだ名されるまでに至るが、儒教に根本を置く彼女の理想は、欧米文化を重視する新政府の方針と対立することが多く、次第に新政府要人から警戒されるようになる。
English: In 1869, she made a plea for sparing a life of the Tostugawagoshi (a samurai from Totsugawa area of Nara) who assassinated Shonan YOKOI and this brought a displeasure to the new government and she was placed under house arrest away from the Empress.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）には、横井小楠を殺害した十津川郷士の助命嘆願を行うが、これが新政府の不興を買い、皇后から遠ざけられ蟄居の身の上となる。
English: In 1872, after her father Ryokei's passing, she was estranged with the adopted son Noritada WAKAE (4th son of Jimon HIRAMATSU) she was finally dismissed from the family.
Japanese: 更に明治5年（1872年）に父・量長が死去、養子縁組に迎えられた若江範忠（平松時門四男）との不仲のため、遂に家を追われる。
English: Afterwards, she spent her time visiting her disciples in Shikoku and gave lectures on Fudo (the ways that women must abide) up until her death in 1881in Marugame City, Kagawa Prefecture where she was visiting at the time.
Japanese: その後は門弟を頼りに西国を転々とし、滞在先で婦道を講義する流浪の生涯を送り、明治14年、滞在先の香川県丸亀市にて死去。
English: On November 10, 1927, he was posthumously awarded a Shogoi (Senior Fifth Rank) Iki (a letter of appointment) in recognition of her accomplishment.
Japanese: 昭和3年（1927年）11月10日、生前の功績により正五位の位記を送られる。
English: Hirokata SHO (the year of birth and death unknown) was a warrior of the Kodama party of Musashi Province (present Kurisaki, Kodama-cho, Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture), who lived from end of the Heian period to the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 庄弘方（しょうひろかた、生没年不詳）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代の武蔵国児玉党（現在の埼玉県本庄市栗崎出身）の武士。
English: Goro Hirokata SHO was a warrior of the Kodama party who stood on the side of the Minamoto clan and participated in battles, along with his other brothers including Tadaie SHO and Takaie SHO.
Japanese: 庄五郎弘方は、庄忠家や庄高家など他の兄弟と共に源氏方に属し、各戦に参戦した児玉党の武士である。
English: He is known as a man of military prowess, recorded in the "Genpei Seisui ki (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Heike clans)": in the Battle of Uji-gawa River (in 1184), he followed the vanguard (Nobutsuna SASAKI and Kagesue KAJIWARA) to cross the river, which is known for 'contention for the vanguard at Yodo-gawa River.'
Japanese: 『源平盛衰記』によれば、宇治川の戦い（1184年）において、「淀川の先陣争い」で、先陣（佐々木高綱や梶原景季）に続いて川を渡った事が記されており、武勇人として知られている。
English: According to the "Azuma Kagami (Mirror of Eastern Japan; historical account of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun))" Hirokata participated in the War of Jokyu (attempt by the Retired Emperor Gotoba to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu) in 1221 on the side of Yasutoki HOJO (the Kamakura bakufu); Hirokata showed an achievement that he himself and his brother Shiro SHO each captured one enemy alive at the Battle of Uji-bashi Bridge of Yamashiro Province, while one of their brothers Saburo Tadaie was killed in that battle.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によれば、承久3年（1221年）に起きた承久の乱において、北条泰時（鎌倉幕府）軍に従い、山城国の宇治橋合戦で、庄四郎と共に敵を一人ずつ生け捕る功績を上げるが、この戦で兄の一人である三郎忠家が戦死している。
English: Moving southward from Kurisaki, Goro Hirokata SHO settled at what is now known as Iriazami, Kodama-cho, and he became the founder of the Asami clan (its family tree records him as Goro Hirokata SHO ASAMI).
Japanese: 庄五郎弘方は栗崎を南下して、現在の児玉町入浅見地区に移住し、阿佐美氏の祖になったとされる（阿佐美庄五郎弘方として系図に記されている）。
English: The Asami clan later gained more territory in Joshu (present, a part of Ishikawa Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture), Esshu (Toyama Prefecture), and Kashu (Niigata Prefecture of the main land) (See Ienaga SHO for more information).
Japanese: 阿佐美氏は上州、越州、加州の方にも領地を獲得する事となる（詳細は庄家長の方を参照）。
English: Yasuto HIROSAWA (February 24, 1830 - February 5, 1891) was a feudal retainer of the Aizu clan (now Fukushima Prefecture) lived in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate during the late Edo period.
Japanese: 広沢安任（ひろさわやすとう、文政13年2月2日(旧暦)（1830年2月24日）-明治24年（1891年）2月5日）は、江戸時代後期、幕末期の会津藩士。
English: In accordance with the appointment of the Aizu domain Lord Katamori MATSUDAIRA as Kyotoshugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto, to counteract the growing Sonno Joi (the 19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners, which was centered in Kyoto) in 1862, HIROSAWA moved to Kyoto in advance to the arrival of the lord Katamori in order to investigate the situation of Kyoto.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）、会津藩主松平容保は京都守護職に任ぜられ、広沢は先んじて上京し京都の情勢を探った。
English: After Katamori's arrival in Kyoto, HIROSAWA was assigned to koyokata (the section of local domain which is in charge of dealing with all works related to the bakufu central government and the Imperial seat) to promote interactions with Kugyo (Court nobles), feudal retainers of domains, and Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa shogunate).
Japanese: 容保上京後は公用方に任ぜられ、公卿、諸藩士、新選組などと交流を持った。
English: After the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he remained in Edo (present Tokyo) to plead with the restoration government to understand the situation of Katamori returning to Edo and Aizu, but he was imprisoned by the new government army.
Japanese: 鳥羽・伏見の戦いの後、江戸そして会津に戻った容保らの立場を新政府に嘆願するため、江戸に残ったが新政府軍に投獄された。
English: After released by the government in 1869, he devoted himself to promote regional growth; when he became a junior councilor of Tonami Prefecture (soon incorporated into Aomori Prefecture) established by Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures enacted by new government), he exploited Western style pastures in Yachigashira (present Misawa City) for those retainers of the Aizu clan suffering from extreme poverty since the reduction and transfer of Aizu Domain to a wasteland Tonami as Tonami clan (reorganized as Tonami Prefecture and soon incorporated into Aomori Prefecture by Haihan-chiken).
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）釈放され、斗南に減封移封された後廃藩置県により小参事となった広沢は貧困に苦しんでいた会津藩士のため谷地頭（現在の三沢市）に洋式牧場を開設し地域の発展に尽くした。
English: ATO no Otari didn't appear in so called "official historical materials" such as Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 安都雄足は、続日本紀や、日本書紀などのいわゆる「正史」にはあらわれない。
English: However, his name is often found in Ichiji-monjo (primary written materials) such as Shosoin Monjo (document collection of the Nara period kept in Shosoin) and Tonaninmonjo, and he is one of the person who has been noticed in study of ancient history in Japan.
Japanese: しかし、8世紀の一次文書である正倉院文書や、東南院文書にその名が多く見え、日本古代史研究において着目されてきた人物の一人である。
English: First period is from June, 747 to March, 753.
Japanese: 第1期は、747年（天平19年）6月～753年（天平勝宝6年）3月の期間である。
English: From the existing historical materials, it can be read that he worked at his desk of the department of Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction, during this period.
Japanese: この時期、雄足は造東大寺司関係の部署の事務を行っていたことが、残された史料から読み取れる。
English: For example, there is a memo which indicates Otari made Bosatsu zo hakku (eight statues of Bosatsu) in April 747 and in April 749 by the order of Roben, who was a Shosozu at that time, and this memo is the first historical material that we are able to know his footsteps.
Japanese: たとえば、当時小僧都であった良弁の命によって、天平19年3月、天平21年3月などに菩薩像八躯を作成したと思しきメモが残されており、この史料が雄足の足跡を知ることのできる初見史料である。
English: And, since the wording that Otari asked for "food for workers who lay the foundations" was found, it is speculated that he served as a administrative official in the organization that made images of Buddha not for Todaiji rushanabutsuzo (the statue of Birushana Buddha in Todai-ji Temple) in Todai-ji Temple or buildings concerning Daibutsu-den (the Great Buddha Hall).
Japanese: また、「礎を作るべき人の食料」などを請求している文言も見えるため、東大寺の東大寺盧舎那仏像以外の仏像や、大仏殿関係の建造物の一部をつくるような組織において事務官をしていたと推測される。
English: The second period is from leap October in 754 to New year in 758.
Japanese: 第2期は、754年（天平勝宝6年）閏10月～758年（天平宝字2年）正月である。
English: During this period, Otari went to Echizen Province as Shisho (people who peformed miscellaneous duties about documents) and was involved in management of Shoen (private estate) "Kuwabara no sho" (former Kanazu Cho, Sakai Gun, in current Fukui Province and current Arawa City in Fukui Prefecture) as sento Kokushi (a person (provincial governor) who does practical business in the management of Shoen estates) who managed Shoen in Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: この期間、雄足は史生として越前国に出向き、東大寺の荘園を経営する専当国司として、桑原荘（現在の福井県旧坂井郡金津町、現あわら市）の荘園管理に携わっていた。
English: It should be noted here that Shoen owned by Todai-ji Temple was managed by not priests in the temple but Shisho in Echizen Province.
Japanese: ここで注目すべきは、東大寺所有の荘園を寺僧ではなく、越前国史生が経営していた点である。
English: This is presumed by the existing monjo (written materials) from Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction that gave orders to Otari from Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction.
Japanese: これは、造東大寺司から、雄足に命令を下した文書が残されていることから推測できる。
English: This is the essential point to analyze over management of Shoen of Todai-ji Temple and others in the eighth Century.
Japanese: 八世紀の東大寺などの荘園経営をめぐる分析のためには、欠かすことのできないポイントである。
English: There is no historical material that shows Ikai (court rank), therefore his Ikai at that time is uncertain.
Japanese: 第2期の史料には位階がわかるものがないため、当時の位階は判然としない。
English: The third period is from July, in 758 to New year in 764.
Japanese: 第3期は、758年（天平宝字2年）6月～764年（天平宝字8年）正月である。
English: Many existing historical documents reveal that Otari who returned to Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) sometime from New year in 758 to July in 758 held many posts and was very busy.
Japanese: 天平宝字2年の正月～6月のいずれかの時期に、平城京に帰還した雄足は、多くの仕事を兼務し、大変多忙であったことが、残された多くの史料から判明している。
English: From studies that had conducted so far, it is confirmed that he served as betto for five places, Office of the Sutra copying office of Todai-ji Temple Construction, Todo sho, 造物所, Office of Ishiyama-dera Temple Construction, and Office of Kon-do Hall (main hall of a Buddhist temple) Construction in Hokke-ji Temple.
Japanese: いままでの研究で、造東大寺司写経所・東塔所・造物所・造石山寺所・法華寺造金堂所の5つの別当を勤めていたことが判明している。
English: However, it is considered that he served concurrently as betto for four places at the busiest time.
Japanese: しかし、一番多い時期には4つの別当を兼務していたこともあると考えられておる。
English: In addition, it is recorded that he served concurrently as betto in remote places, for example he served as betto in Office of Ishiyama-dera Temple Construction (Omi) and Office of the Sutra copying office of Todai-ji Temple Construction (inside of Heijyokyo), and we can see that Otari's energetic work as official for practical works.
Japanese: また、造石山寺所（近江）と造東大寺写経所（平城京内）といった、遠隔地の別当を兼務している様子もうかがわれ、雄足の実務官人としての活躍ぶりが多く見て取れる。
English: The last historical material that Otari's name can be seen was the one in New year in 764, and after this he never appeared in any historical materials.
Japanese: 雄足の名前を見ることのできる最後の史料は天平宝字8年正月のものであり、これ以降、彼の名前が史料上あらわれることはない。
English: The time, New year in 764, was just immediately before FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War, therefore, it is often considered that he was forced out of Sakan of Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction with the fall of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro.
Japanese: この天平宝字8年正月という時期は、藤原仲麻呂の乱の直前であることから、藤原仲麻呂の没落とともに、造東大寺司主典を更迭されたという見方をされることが多い。
English: One is relationship with FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, second is his "private economy" and third is his works.
Japanese: 一つ目は、藤原仲麻呂との関係、二つ目は彼の「私経済」との関係、そして三つ目は彼の職務の関係である。
English: This is because there are correlations between process of an increase of Nakamaro's power and Otari's exceptional promotion, when we think about Nakamaro's power and personnel relocation of government official of Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction together.
Japanese: 根拠は、仲麻呂の権力と、造東大寺司の官人の異動をリンクさせて考えると、仲麻呂が権力を増大させていく過程と、雄足の抜擢とが相関関係を持って見えるというものである。
English: There is also Otari's letter that demanded to buy necessity goods to give for "大従門 (Nakamaro)."
Japanese: また、「大従門（仲麻呂か）」に、貢ぐために必要な物品を買わせる書状が残っている。
English: In this letter, the sentence "must not be known to anyone else" was written, and judging from this situation that he sent secret gifts to "大従門," their close ties is obvious.
Japanese: この書状には「但し他人に知られること莫れ」とも書かれており、他人に知られたくない進物を送る様から、この「大従門」との親密な関係を見てとることができる。
English: And as written above, judging from the situation that Otari disappeared from the historical materials after relationship between Nakamaro and Emperor Koken was driven into a helpless situation on New Year in 764, we can see that Otari was "FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's followers."
Japanese: また、前述のとおり、天平宝字8年正月という、仲麻呂と孝謙天皇との関係がいよいよのっぴきならない時期に至って、雄足が史料上から姿を消すことからも、彼を「仲麻呂派」と見ることができるであろう。
English: On the other hand, some people raise questions that Otari was Nakamaro's followers, for the following reasons; Otari was given orders directly from Dokyo at least twice in 762, Nakamaro's side was still responsible for personnel affairs on New year in 764 and Nakamaro didn't completely go to ruin, and it is not certain that Nakamaro is exactly "大従門."
Japanese: ただし、一方では、天平宝字6年には少なくとも2回は道鏡から直接宣を受けていること、天平宝字8年正月にはいまだ仲麻呂側も人事を行使しているなど、仲麻呂も完全に没落状態ではなかったこと、「大従門」を必ずしも仲麻呂と言い切れるのか、などの点から、雄足を仲麻呂派と見る向きを疑問視する説もある。
English: And also, even if Otari was close to Nakamaro, Otari, a lower-ranking government official, didn't have the right to choose faction, and some researchers had a perspective that Nakamaro just actively made use of Otari who was believed to be "a competent person," while Otari was absolutely trifled with in a vortex of struggle of power.
Japanese: また、仲麻呂と密接であったとしても、下級官人である雄足に派閥を選ぶ権利はなく、「有能」であったとされる彼を積極的に仲麻呂が利用しただけであり、雄足はあくまでも権力闘争の渦の中で翻弄されただけであるという見方をする研究者もいる。
English: It seems that Otari made a big profit by taking advantage of difference of seasonal rice prices which were cultivated in the Sutra copying office and his paddy field.
Japanese: 雄足は、写経所の白米や、自らの白米を用いて季節ごとの米価の差を利用し、多くの利益をあげていたようである。
English: It also turned out that he managed his own paddy field which was adjacent to Shoen in Todai-ji Temple, when he was shisho in Echizen Province.
Japanese: また、越前国史生であったころには、東大寺の荘園に隣接して自らの田を経営していたことが判明している。
English: He put influential peasants in charge of management and obtained shomai (rice made by pounding it in a mortar) as profit that was used as current money in Kinai region.
Japanese: そこでは、有力農民を経営にあたらせ、畿内で流通貨幣としても有用に機能しうる舂米を利益として得ていた。
English: He also conducted economic activities such as renting the paddy field of Todai-ji Temple and making other peasants rent them.
Japanese: また、東大寺田を賃租し、それをさらに他の農民に賃租させるような経済活動も行っていたようである。
English: There is a possibility that he had continuously conducted this business after leaving the post of Shisho in Echizen Province.
Japanese: この経営は、職務としての越前国史生の任をはなれてからも継続して行われていた可能性がある。
English: For this reason, it is common to call his economic activity "private economy" today.
Japanese: このことから、これらの雄足の経済活動を「私経済」と呼称することが現在は一般的である。
English: There is a variety of opinions toward the estimation of the term "private economy," and it is not necessarily the case that his economic activity is "private."
Japanese: この「私経済」という用語の評価にはさまざまな意見があり、必ずしも「私」と言い切れない部分もあるようである。
English: It is not that he always obtained all the profit particularly from the management of rice production of the Sutra copying office.
Japanese: また、特に写経所での米の運用などは、利益をすべて雄足の手元におさめていたわけではない。
English: However, it's noteworthy that Otari managed them in an irregular way that was different from ordinary government official's economic activities under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
Japanese: しかし、律令体制下において、通常の官司の経済活動とは異なるイレギュラーな運用をしていた点は注目に値する。
English: Future research is required in order to find out whether these acts resulted from whether he was especially "a competent person" or many other Lower-ranking government officials for practical work did the same thing.
Japanese: これらの行為は、雄足が特別「有能」であったからなのか、それとも多くの実務下級官人がこのような行為をしていたのかなど、今後の研究が待たれるところである。