nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (in Japan), he was born as a son of Hirotada MATSUDAIRA, the lord of Okazaki-jo Castle in Mikawa Province (Okazaki City).
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)に、三河国・岡崎市に岡崎城主・松平広忠の子として出生。
English: As the Matsudaira clan at that time was small and weak, Hirotada decided that Takechiyo should be placed as a hostage in the custody of the Imagawa family, Hirotada's master family.
Japanese: 当時の松平氏は弱小であり、広忠は臣従していた今川氏に竹千代を人質として差し出す事となった。
English: Due to betrayal of a retainer of the Matsudaira family, he was temporarily placed in the custody of the Oda family as hostage, but finally he was sent to the Imagawa family as planned initially.
Japanese: 一時、家臣の裏切りにより織田氏の人質となるが、最終的には当初の予定通り今川氏に送られた。
English: However, after Yoshimoto IMAGAWA was killed in the Battle of Okehazama, he became independent, taking the opportunity of the confusion in the Imagawa clan, and expanded his territory as a sworn friend of Nobunaga ODA (in fact a guest general).
Japanese: しかしながら、桶狭間の戦いにおいて今川義元が討たれた後、今川氏の混乱に乗じて独立し、織田信長の盟友（事実上は客将）として版図を広げていく事となる。
English: Before long, after Nobunaga was killed by Mitsuhide AKECHI at the Honnoji Incident, he further expanded his territory through the ensuing confusion.
Japanese: やがて、本能寺の変において信長が明智光秀に討たれると、その混乱に乗じさらに勢力を広げた。
English: Under Hideyoshi, Ieyasu occupied the largest territory, and became the chief of Gotairo (five elders) in the Toyotomi government.
Japanese: 秀吉の元で、家康は最大の領地を得る事となり、豊臣政権の五大老筆頭となる。
English: After the death of Hideyoshi, he won the Battle of Sekigahara, was appointed to Seii taishogun by the emperor, and opened a bakufu in Edo (called the Edo bakufu or the Tokugawa bakufu).
Japanese: 秀吉の死後、関ヶ原の戦いに勝利し、天皇から征夷大将軍に任ぜられ、江戸に幕府（江戸幕府・徳川幕府と呼ぶ）を開いた。
English: He was born on December 26 (in the old calendar) (around 4 AM), 1542, in the Okazaki-jo Castle as the heir of Hirotada MATSUDAIRA, the eighth head of the Matsudaira main family in Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 三河国の土豪である松平氏の第8代当主・松平広忠の嫡男として、天文(元号)11年（1542年）旧暦12月26日の寅（午前四時ごろ）、岡崎城で生まれる。
English: When he was two years old, Nobumoto MIZUNO (a brother of Odai), who had become the head of the Mizuno clan after the death of Tadamasa MIZUNO, came to belong to the Oda family in Owari Province.
Japanese: 2歳の時、水野忠政の没後水野氏の当主となった水野信元（於大の兄）が尾張国の織田氏に従属した。
English: Therefore, Hirotada MATSUDAIRA, who was under the Imagawa clan confronting the Oda clan, divorced Odai.
Japanese: そのため、敵対する今川氏の庇護を受けていた松平広忠は於大を離縁した。
English: To confront the Oda clan, Hirotada MATSUDAIRA became a vassal of the Imagawa clan in Suruga when he was six years old, and it was decided that Takechiyo should be sent to Sunpu in Suruga Province to be placed in the custody of the Imagawa clan as a hostage.
Japanese: 6歳の時、松平広忠は織田氏に対抗するため、駿河国の今川氏に臣従し、竹千代は今川氏の人質として駿河国・駿府へ送られることとなった。
English: However, when he called at Tahara-jo Castle (in Mikawa Province) en route to be sent to Sunpu, Yasumitsu TODA (the father of his mother-in-law) treacherously sent him to the Oda clan in Owari Province.
Japanese: しかし、駿府への護送の途中に立ち寄った田原城(三河国)で義母の父・戸田康光の裏切りにより、尾張国の織田氏へ送られた。
English: However, Hirotada MATSUDAIRA continued being a vassal of the Imagawa clan, and therefore, being abandoned, Takechiyo was left staying in Owari Province.
Japanese: しかし松平広忠は今川氏への臣従を貫いたため、竹千代は見捨てられた形となり、そのまま人質として尾張国に留め置かれた。
English: Yoshimoto IMAGAWA took back Takechiyo by exchanging hostages between him and Nobuhiro ODA, the eldest son born out of wedlock of Nobuhide ODA, (who was captured alive when Ansho-jo Castle was attacked in 1549 by Sessai TAIGEN).
Japanese: 今川義元は織田信秀の庶長子・織田信広（前年の1549年、安祥城を太原雪斎に城を攻められ生け捕りにされている）との人質交換によって竹千代を取り戻す。
English: However, Takechiyo was moved to Sunpu (Shosho no Miya Machi in "Toshogu-onjikki" and Miyarikizaki in "Butokuhennenshusei"), and Okazaki-jo Castle was controlled by the jodai officer (the officer for controlling the castle) sent by the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: しかし竹千代は駿府（『東照宮御実紀』では少将宮町、武徳編年集成』では宮カ崎とされている）に移され、岡崎城は今川氏より派遣された城代により支配された。
English: When visiting Okazaki-jo Castle saying that he came to pay a visit to his ancestors' graves, he could not enter the honmaru (the main compound of the castle), because the jodai officer occupied there, and entered the ninomaru (the second compound of the castle).
Japanese: 墓参りのためと称し岡崎城に帰参した際には、本丸は今川氏の城代が置かれていたため本丸には入れず、二の丸に入った。
English: On this occasion, he heard from Tadayoshi TORII that the gokenin of the Matsudaira clan there were used as a spearhead, or as virtually a sacrifice group.
Japanese: この時、鳥居忠吉から松平氏の御家人が今川氏の先鋒、事実上の捨石とされている事情を聞く。
English: It is said that he was moved to tears when Tadayoshi TORII showed him the arms, military provisions and money that Tadayoshi had kept secret from the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: また鳥居忠吉が今川氏に内密で備蓄していた武具・兵糧・金銭を見せられ、家康は感涙したという。
English: He celebrated his coming of age under the Imagawa clan in Sunpu, called himself Jiro Saburo Motonobu MATSUDAIRA, with a character (元: moto) in the name of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA (今川義元) awarded, and married Tsukiyama-dono, a niece of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA and a daughter of Chikanaga SEKIGUCHI.
Japanese: 駿府の今川氏の下で元服し、今川義元から偏諱を賜り松平次郎三郎元信と名乗り、今川義元の姪で関口親永の娘・築山殿を娶った。
English: In 1558, he attacked Suzuki Hyuga no kami, the lord of Terabe-jo Castle, who had gone over to the Oda clan side, together with Shigeyoshi MATSUDAIRA and others.
Japanese: 永禄元年（1558年）には織田氏に寝返った寺部城主・鈴木日向守を松平重吉らとともに攻めた。
English: It was a general theory that placing Takechiyo, the son of Hirotada MATSUDAIRA, in the custody as a hostage was too harsh a treatment of the Matsudaira clan by the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: 従来、松平広忠の嫡男である竹千代を人質に取った処遇は、今川氏による松平氏に対する過酷な処遇であるというのが通説であった。
English: However, the theory that the treatment would have been a favor by Yoshimoto IMAGAWA (although there might have been an intention on the Yoshimoto side) has recently been proposed.
Japanese: しかし近年、むしろ今川義元の好意（もちろん義元の側の思惑もあるが）によるものだという説が唱えられている。
English: Actually, there is also a theory that he was educated especially by Sessai TAIGEN (there is a theory that this was not a fact).
Japanese: 実際にも、太原雪斎の英才教育を受けさせたとの説もある（事実でないとの異論あり）。
English: Having made him marry Yoshimoto's niece, Tsukiyama-dono, had a political aspect, but on the other hand, there is a viewpoint that it was a kind treatment of welcoming him into the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: 姪である築山殿を嫁がせているのも、政略的な一面がある一方、一門として迎え入れる厚遇という見方もある。
English: However, the situation gave the retainers of the Matsudaira clan the impression that, as described above, they had their lord taken as a hostage and were worked hard as tools of the Imagawa clan, and Takechiyo himself lived a life of submission, for example, by being ill-treated personally by a retainer of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA (Motoyasu HARAMIISHI).
Japanese: ただし松平氏の家臣にとっては上述の通り主君を人質に取られて走狗として酷使された印象を与え、竹千代が今川義元の家臣（孕石元泰）から個人的な虐めを受けるなど、忍従の日々であった。
English: When Yoshimoto IMAGAWA was killed by Nobunaga ODA in May (in the old calendar) of 1560 in the Battle of Okehazama, Motoyasu, who had been detached from the main Imagawa troop and was attacking Odaka-jo Castle in Owari Province in the front line, retreated from Odaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 永禄3年（1560年）5月、桶狭間の戦いで今川義元が織田信長に討たれた際、今川軍本隊とは別働で、前線の尾張国・大高城を攻略中であった元康は、大高城から撤退。
English: After entering Okazaki-jo Castle abandoned by the Imagawa troops, he became independent of the Imagawa clan, intending to restore the right of controlling Mikawa Province that Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, his grandfather, had once established.
Japanese: 今川軍が放棄した岡崎城に入ると、祖父・松平清康の代で確立した三河国の支配権回復を志し、今川氏から独立する。
English: In 1562, he severed relations with Ujizane IMAGAWA who had succeeded Yoshimoto, and made an alliance with Nobunaga (called the Kiyosu alliance).
Japanese: 永禄5年（1562年）には、義元の後を継いだ今川氏真と断交して信長と同盟を結んだ（清洲同盟）。
English: In the next year, he changed his name to Ieyasu (家康) from Motoyasu (元康), returning the character of 元 (moto) that was included in name of Yoshimoto (義元) and was allowed to use in his name.
Japanese: 翌年には義元からの偏諱である「元」の字を返上して元康から家康と名を改めた。
English: When he almost conquered all of the western Mikawa area, Mikawa Ikko Ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa Province) erupted, but he suppressed it after strenuous efforts.
Japanese: 西三河を平定しかけた頃、三河一向一揆が勃発するも苦心の末にこれを鎮圧した。
English: Having removed anxious factors around Okazaki City in this way, he promoted strategies against the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: こうして岡崎市周辺の不安要素を取り払うと、対今川氏の戦略を推し進めた。
English: While taking such powerful local clans as the Toda clan and the Saigo clan in the eastern Mikawa onto his side, he moved his troops towards the east, eliminating enemy forces, such as the Udono clan.
Japanese: 東三河の戸田氏や西郷氏といった土豪を抱き込みながらも、軍勢を東へ進めて鵜殿氏のような敵対勢力を排除していった。
English: With Hoi County as the main battle field, he fought with the Imagawa clan that delayed in taking actions for Mikawa Province, and then by 1566, he conquered the eastern Mikawa area and the Oku-Mikawa area (the northern part of Mikawa Province), unifying Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 三河国への対応に遅れる今川氏との間で、宝飯郡を主戦場とした攻防戦を繰り広げた後、永禄9年（1566年）までには東三河・奥三河（三河国北部）を平定し、三河国を統一した。
English: In 1568, he tied up with Shingen TAKEDA who drove Ujizane out of Sunpu.
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）には氏真を駿府から追放した武田信玄と手を結んだ。
English: Making his troops stay in Totomi Province in the year end and new year period without retreating, he besieged Kakegawa-jo Castle where Ujizane, having fled from Sunpu, was sheltered.
Japanese: 遠江国で越年したまま軍を退かずに、駿府から逃れた氏真を匿う掛川城を攻囲。
English: After continuing besieging the castle, he made Ujizane surrender by recommending the surrender of the castle, placing Totomi Province under his control.
Japanese: 籠城戦の末に開城勧告を呼びかけて氏真を降し、遠江国を支配下においた。
English: When Nobunaga was en route to Kyoto in 1568, supporting Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, the younger brother of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the 13th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Ieyasu sent his troops to help Nobunaga.
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）、信長が室町幕府13代将軍・足利義輝の弟・足利義昭を奉じて上洛の途につくと、家康も信長へ援軍を派遣した。
English: In later years, when deeply confronting Nobunaga over the real power to govern the nation and having formed an anti-Nobunaga network, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA also asked for Ieyasu's cooperation through requesting him to assume the deputy shogun post.
Japanese: 後年、足利義昭は天下の実権をめぐり信長との間に対立を深め、信長包囲網を形成した際、家康にも副将軍への就任を要請し協力を求めた。
English: However, Ieyasu ignored it, and to help Nobunaga, participated in the Battle of Anegawa against the allied forces of Yoshikage ASAKURA and Nagamasa ASAI.
Japanese: しかし家康はこれを黙殺し、朝倉義景・浅井長政の連合軍との姉川の戦いに参戦し、信長を助けた。
English: In 1570, he moved from Okazaki to Hikimacho in Totomi Province, changed the name of the place to Hamamatsu, and built Hamamatsu-jo Castle as his main castle.
Japanese: 元亀元年（1570年）、岡崎から遠江国の曳馬町に移るとここを浜松と改名し、浜松城を築きこれを本城とした。
English: In dividing the Imagawa territory, he and the Takeda clan concluded an agreement that Suruga Province east of the Oi-gawa River should belong to the Takeda clan and Totomi Province in the west to the Tokugawa clan, establishing a friendly relationship.
Japanese: 今川領分割に際して、大井川を境に東の駿河国を武田領、西の遠江国を徳川領とする協定を結んで、武田信玄とは友好関係を築いていた。
English: However, in 1569, the agreement was nullified by Shingen unilaterally, and in addition, his Totomi Province was invaded by Nobutomo AKIYAMA from Shinano Province.
Japanese: しかし永禄11年（1569年）、信玄からは一方的に協定を破棄された上、信濃国から秋山信友に遠江国への侵攻を受けてしまう。
English: The Tokugawa's troops drove back the Takeda's troops by getting cooperation from Ujiyasu HOJO, but after this, relations between Shingen and Ieyasu became hostile.
Japanese: 徳川軍は北条氏康の協力を得て武田軍を退けたが、これを機に信玄と家康は敵対関係となった。
English: In October (in the old calendar) of 1572, Shingen at last started going to Kyoto, and invaded Totomi Province and Mikawa Province, both of which were Tokugawa's territories.
Japanese: 元亀3年（1572年）10月、信玄はついに上洛を開始し、徳川領である遠江国、三河国に侵攻してきた。
English: However, the Oda's troops were fighting with Yoshikage ASAKURA, with Nagamasa ASAI, and with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, and in addition, were being attacked by Takeda's troops in the area up to Iwamura-jo Castle in Mino Province.
Japanese: しかしながら、織田軍も当時は朝倉義景、浅井長政、石山本願寺と抗争状態にあり、さらには美濃国・岩村城までを武田軍に攻撃されていた。
English: Therefore, Nobunaga could not send his troops to help Ieyasu, and Tokugawa's troops had to fight with Takeda's troops independently.
Japanese: そのため、援軍を送ることができず、徳川軍は単独で武田軍と戦うこととなる。
English: To fight with the main body of Takeda's troops that had invaded into Totomi Province, Ieyasu's troops crossed the Tenryu-gawa River, advancing to Mitsukejuku.
Japanese: 遠江国に侵攻してきた武田軍本隊と戦うため、天竜川を渡って見附宿にまで進出。
English: To prevent Futamata-jo Castle from being taken by the Takeda side, Ieyasu conducted reconnaissance in force to know the movements of Takeda's troops, but encountered Takeda's troops and was defeated at Hitokotozaka (the Battle of Hitokotozaka).
Japanese: 二俣城を取られることを避けたい家康が、ひとまず武田軍の動向を探るために威力偵察に出たところを武田軍と遭遇し、一言坂で敗走する（一言坂の戦い）。
English: In the Mikawa Province area where more of Takeda's troops separate from the main army had begun to invade, he could not make defensive preparations adequately either, and consequently, his inferior position was fixed after this battle.
Japanese: 遠江国方面の武田軍本隊と同時に武田軍別働隊が侵攻する三河国方面への防備を充分に固められないばかりか、この戦いを機に徳川軍の劣勢は確定してしまう。
English: Then in December (in the old calendar), Futamata-jo Castle, the strategic place for defending the northern area of Hamamatsu in Totomi Province, was surrendered (the Battle of Futamata-jo Castle).
Japanese: そして12月、浜松の北方を固める遠江国の要衝であった二俣城が落城した（二俣城の戦い）。
English: In such a situation, reinforcements sent by Nobunaga and headed by Nobumori SAKUMA and Hirohide HIRATE arrived at long last.
Japanese: そのような中で、ようやく信長から佐久間信盛、平手汎秀率いる援軍が送られてきた。
English: Meanwhile, Takeda's troops, having merged separate groups, were coming near to Hamamatsu-jo Castle, but disliking that the battle would be protracted, Shingen changed the direction of the troops so as to invade Mikawa Province, passing through the castle without stopping.
Japanese: その間、別働隊との合流も果たし、浜松城へ近付く武田軍であったが、長期戦を嫌う信玄は浜松城を悠然と素通りして、三河国に侵攻するかのように転進した。
English: Hearing this, Ieyasu chased the Takeda's army, opposing the advice of Nobumori SAKUMA, the commander of the Oda's army, and others that they should stay in the castle.
Japanese: これを聞いた家康は、織田軍の将・佐久間信盛らが籠城を唱えるのに反して武田軍を追撃。
English: However, as a result, the allied forces of Tokugawa and Oda were defeated miserably: More than 1,000 people, including Tadahiro TORII and Masayoshi NARUSE as well as Masateru NAKANE and Sadaharu AOKI, both of whom tried to clear the humiliation of having made the Futamata-jo Castle surrendered once, and Hirohide HIRATE, a general of Oda's reinforcements, died in the fight.
Japanese: しかしその結果、鳥居忠広、成瀬正義や、二俣城の戦いで開城の恥辱を雪ごうとした中根正照、青木貞治といった家臣をはじめ1,000人以上の死傷者を出し、平手汎秀といった織田軍からの援将が戦死するなど徳川・織田連合軍は惨敗した。
English: Being helped by people, including Yoshinobu NATSUME, who were killed instead of him, Ieyasu himself narrowly escaped back to Hamamatsu-jo Castle, and it is even said that he defecated on his horse on the occasion.
Japanese: 夏目吉信に代表される身代わりに助けられて、命からがら浜松城に逃げ帰った家康自身も、馬上で脱糞したとさえ言われている。
English: It is said that, becoming suspicious about the state of the castle due to this strategy, the Takeda's troops hesitated to invade the castle and decided to retreat.
Japanese: この計によって城の様子を怪しんだ武田軍は城内侵攻をためらい、撤退を決断したとされている。
English: A portrait depicting his agonized facial expression on this occasion (called Shikamizo) remains, and it is said that he made it to admonish himself (the Battle of Mikatagahara).
Japanese: なお、この時の家康の苦渋に満ちた表情を写した肖像画（しかみ像）が残っており、これは自身の戒めのために描かせたものと伝えられる（三方ヶ原の戦い）。
English: Takeda's troops stayed in the year end and new year period on the northern shore of Lake Hamana and started moving towards Mikawa Province again, and in February, Noda-jo Castle in Shitara County of Mikawa Province was seized and Sadamitsu SUGANUMA, the lord of the castle, was taken into custody.
Japanese: 浜名湖北岸で越年したのち三河国への進軍を再開した武田軍によって、三河国設楽郡の野田城を2月には落とされ、城主・菅沼定盈が拘束された。
English: However, after that, Takeda's forces retreated to Nagashino-jo Castle due to Shingen's illness and did nothing for around a month.
Japanese: ところがその後、信玄の発病によって長篠城まで退き、一ヶ月ほど沈黙する武田軍。
English: However, because his health did not seem to recover, the forces returned to Kai Province, abandoning the strategy.
Japanese: しかしながら、快方に向かわぬ容態のため、武田軍は作戦を断念し甲斐国へ帰還した。
English: To check whether Shingen had died or not, Ieyasu set fire in Okabe of Suruga Province, a territory of the Takeda clan, and attacked Nagashino-jo Castle in Mikawa Province.
Japanese: その生死を確認するため家康は武田領である駿河国の岡部に放火し、三河国では長篠城を攻めるなどしている。
English: Based on the fact that Takeda's forces made no resistance to these actions, Ieyasu firmly believed that Shingen had died.
Japanese: そしてこれら一連の行動で武田軍の抵抗がほとんどなかったことから信玄の死を確信した。
English: Then he plotted Sadayoshi OKUDAIRA and Nobumasa OKUDAIRA, a father and his son, who were principal persons in one of the three dominant local clans in the Oku-Mikawa area (called Yamaga sanpo shu) and had been on the Takeda side, to rejoin the Ieyasu side.
Japanese: 家康は、武田氏に与していた奥三河の豪族で山家三方衆の一角である奥平貞能・奥平信昌親子を調略し、再属させた。
English: In May (in the old calendar) of 1574, a large troop of 25,000 persons led by Katsuyori TAKEDA, who had succeeded Shingen, attacked Takatenjin-jo Castle in Totomi Province.
Japanese: 天正2年（1574年）5月、信玄の後を継いだ武田勝頼が率いる2万5,000人の大軍が、遠江国の高天神城へ侵攻した。
English: For this, Ieyasu did not fight independently, and asked Nobunaga to send reinforcements, but lost Takatenjin-jo Castle before the reinforcements arrived.
Japanese: これに対して家康は単独で迎撃せず、信長に援軍を要請したが、援軍の到着前に高天神城を失った。
English: In May (in the old calendar) of 1575, Nagashino-jo Castle in Mikawa Province was attacked by a large troop of 15,000 led by Katsuyori TAKEDA
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）5月には、勝頼が率いる1万5,000人の大軍に三河国の長篠城を攻められた。
English: The troops that stayed in the castle endured the fight, and the allied forces of Oda and Tokugawa that arrived won a landslide victory against Takeda's forces in the Atozume-kessen fight (a fight between invasion forces and the reinforcements to fight with the invasion forces) at Shitaragahara.
Japanese: 籠城軍の耐え抜きによって救援に間に合った織田・徳川連合軍は、設楽原での後詰決戦において武田軍に大勝。
English: In this battle, the Tokugawa clan killed many military commanders of the Takeda's forces, including Masakage YAMAGATA and Nobuharu BABA, devastating the forces and coming to occupying a position superior to that of the Takeda clan (the Battle of Nagashino).
Japanese: この戦いで山県昌景、馬場信春を初めとする多くの武将を討ち果たして、武田軍を壊滅させた徳川氏は、武田氏との優劣を逆転させた（長篠の戦い）。
English: To reward the distinguished accomplishment of Nobumasa OKUDAIRA (his name had been changed to Nobumasa, with a character (信) in Nobunaga (信長)) in the battle, Ieyasu gave him a distinguished sword called Daihannya-nagamitsu (literally, a sword of great wisdom by Nagamitsu).
Japanese: なお、奥平信昌（信長の偏諱を賜り信昌と改名）の戦功に対する褒美として家康は、名刀・大般若長光を授けて賞した。
English: In 1579, Nobunaga suspected that Ieyasu's legal wife, Tsukiyama-dono, and his heir, Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, might have had secret communication with the Takeda clan.
Japanese: 天正7年（1579年）、信長から、正室・築山殿と嫡男・松平信康に対し、武田氏への内通疑惑がかけられた。
English: Giving, after serious consideration, priority to maintain the alliance with Nobunaga, Ieyasu killed his legal wife and made his heir commit ritual suicide by disembowelment.
Japanese: 家康は熟慮の末、信長との同盟関係維持を優先し、正室を殺害し、嫡男に切腹させた。
English: Concerning this incident, there are various theories, including the one that Nobunaga felt a sense of crisis to Nobuyasu who had abilities superior to those of his heir, Nobutada ODA.
Japanese: この事件は信長が自身の嫡男・織田信忠より優れた資質を持つ信康に危機感を覚えたため等、諸説ある。
English: However, recently, the theory has become supported strongly as well that this incident was caused due to confrontations between Ieyasu and Nobuyasu, or a father and son, and Ieyasu only asked for Nobunaga's consent (because the legal wife of Nobuyasu was a daughter of Nobunaga).
Japanese: しかしながら、近年では家康・信康父子が対立したためで、信長には了承を求めただけ（信康の正室が信長の娘であるため）、という説も強くなってきている。
English: On March 23 (in the old calendar), 1581, Ieyasu took back Takatenjin-jo Castle which had been taken by the Takeda clan.
Japanese: 天正9年（1581年）3月23日、武田氏によって奪われていた高天神城を奪回した。
English: Taking the opportunity when Yoshimasa KISO, the husband of Shingen's daughter, came to belong to the Oda clan side, Nobunaga started invading Takeda's territories in February (in the old calendar) of 1582.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）2月、信玄の娘婿である木曾義昌が織田氏に寝返ったことを機に、信長は武田氏領国へ侵攻を開始する。
English: For these movements, no systematic resistance remained in the Takeda's forces, from which public mind had been alienated due to financial difficulties caused by wars continued for long years, and Oda forces, which invaded Takeda's territories through the route called Kisochiiki-guchi, made Ina-jo Castle and Matsuo-jo Castle surrendered quickly.
Japanese: これに対して、すでに連年の戦争による財政難などで民心が離反していた武田軍には組織的な抵抗力がなく、木曽地域口から攻め込んだ織田軍はあっという間に伊那城、松尾城を落とした。
English: Tokugawa's forces also invaded Suruga Province, and Tadayo OKUBO took charge of Nobushige YODA's Tanaka-jo Castle by a persuasion of Masakazu NARUSE (a military commander in the Sengoku period) and others.
Japanese: 徳川軍も駿河国に侵攻して依田信蕃の田中城を成瀬正一(戦国武将)らの説得により大久保忠世が引き取った。
English: In addition, Ieyasu took over Suruga Province using various means, including a plot to make Nobukimi ANAYAMA, the husband of an elder sister of Katsuyori TAKEDA, to be separated from the Takeda clan.
Japanese: さらには武田勝頼の姉婿である穴山信君を調略によって離反させるなどして駿河国を占領した。
English: Katsuyori had no power to resist against these situations, and being at last betrayed even by Nobushige OYAMADA, killed himself with his sword at Tano on Mt. Tenmoku in the eastern part of Kai Province.
Japanese: これに対して勝頼に対抗する力はなく、最後は小山田信茂にまで裏切られ、3月11日に勝頼は甲斐国東部の天目山・田野において自刃、武田氏は滅亡した（武田征伐）。
English: In May (in the old calendar), 1582, Ieyasu visited Azuchi-jo Castle, where Nobunaga ODA resided, to express thanks for the award of Suruga Province to him, together with Nobukimi ANAYAMA who had been surrendered.
Japanese: 天正10年（1582年）5月、駿河国拝領の礼のため、降伏した穴山信君とともに織田信長の居城・安土城を訪れた。
English: Therefore, he was placed in so dangerous a state and was also so embarrassed for a while that he considered following Nobunaga.
Japanese: このため極めて危険な状態となり、一時は狼狽して信長の後を追おうとするほどであった。
English: However, persuaded by Tadakatsu HONDA and advised by Hanzo HATTORI, Ieyasu walked steep mountain paths in Iga Province, and narrowly returned to Mikawa Province from Ise Province by sea, after crossing the Kabutogoe pass (Iga-goe (literally, passing the Iga area)).
Japanese: しかし本多忠勝に説得され、服部半蔵の進言を受け、伊賀国の険しい山道を越え加太越を経て伊勢国から海路で三河国に辛うじて戻った（伊賀越え）。
English: After this, Ieyasu gathered his military forces to defeat Mitsuhide AKECHI and advanced them up to Owari Province, and there, he knew that Mitsuhide had already been defeated by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who had returned from the Chugoku region.
Japanese: その後、家康は明智光秀を討つために軍勢を集めて尾張国にまで進軍したが、このとき中国地方から帰還した豊臣秀吉によって光秀が既に討たれたことを知った。
English: On the other hand, an uprising occurred in the Kai Province and Shinano Province which had been Takeda's territories formerly and were Nobunaga's territories at that time.
Japanese: 一方、信長の領土となっていた旧武田領・甲斐国と信濃国では一揆が起こった。
English: Therefore, Nagayoshi MORI (森) of Shinano Province and Hideyori MORI (毛利) fled, abandoning their respective territories, and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA of Kozuke Province was defeated by fighting with the Hojo clan and retreated to Owari Province.
Japanese: そのため、信濃国の森長可と毛利秀頼は領地を捨てて逃亡し、上野国の滝川一益は北条氏と戦って惨敗し、尾張国に撤退した。
English: Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, the lord of Kai Province, was killed in an uprising that occurred at the opportunity of Nobunaga's death ().
Japanese: 甲斐国の領主・河尻秀隆に至っては信長の死を契機として発生した一揆に殺されてしまった（）。
English: Then, with Masatsuna OKABE and Nobushige YODA, both surviving retainers of the Takeda clan, and Mukawa-shu, a group of samurai in a marginal area in Kai Province as spearheads, Ieyasu himself invaded Kai Province, leading an army of 8,000 (Tenshojingo no ran (Tenshojingo Rebellion)).
Japanese: 家康は武田氏の遺臣・岡部正綱や依田信蕃、甲斐国の辺境武士団である武川衆らを先鋒とし、自らも8,000人の軍勢を率いて、甲斐国に攻め入った（天正壬午の乱）。
English: On the other hand, Ujinao HOJO of Sagami Province, who had known that both Kai Province and Shinano Province became blank areas, invaded Shinano Province across Usui-toge Pass, leading an army of 55,000, including Ujinori HOJO, his uncle, and Ujiteru HOJO.
Japanese: 一方、甲斐国と信濃国が空白地帯となったのを見た相模国の北条氏直も、叔父・北条氏規や北条氏照ら5万5,000人の軍勢を率いて碓氷峠を越えて信濃国に侵攻した。
English: Due to the Tokugawa forces' persistent guerrilla tactics, the Hojo forces lost the will to fight, and sent Kosetsusai ITABEOKA to Ieyasu seeking to make peace with Tokugawa's forces.
Japanese: その執拗なゲリラ戦法の前に戦意を喪失した北条軍は、板部岡江雪斎を使者として家康に和睦を求めた。