nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Hideyoshi HASHIBA, who was appointed Kanpaku on August 6, 1585, became an adopted child of Sakihisa KONOE, and used the name of the Fujiwara clan (kanpaku soron [disagreement over Kanpaku position]), however, many backlashes were anticipated against this unprecedented appointment, in which a person whose sei (surname) was not the inherited honsei (original name).
Japanese: 1585年（天正13年7月11日）、関白に任じられた羽柴秀吉は近衛前久の猶子となり藤原氏を名乗っていたが（関白相論）、前例のない他姓出身者の関白就任には多くの反発が予想された。
English: Then, after consulting many academic experts, Hideyoshi reached a conclusion that it would be justifiable to be granted a newly created honsei (original name) by the Imperial Court, matching the genpeitokitsu (general term of four major honseis : the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, the Fujiwara clan, and the Tachibana clan).
Japanese: そこで秀吉が多くの学識者から意見を聴取した結果、朝廷より源平藤橘（源氏・平氏・藤原氏・橘氏の総称）に匹敵する新姓を賜ることが公明正大であるという結論を得た。
English: As a result he, who chose 'Toyotomi' as an auspicious surname, reported to the Imperial Court on the use of it, and on October 21, 1586, he attained the imperial permission.
Japanese: その結果、佳姓を撰んで豊臣の新姓使用を朝廷に奏聞し、1586年（天正14年9月9日）に勅許を得た。
English: After that, Hideyoshi and the other members of the Hashiba family began to use solely 'Toyotomi' to present themselves, and not a single use of any other myoji (family names) by them is traced.
Japanese: これ以降、秀吉をはじめとする羽柴家の人物は自らの名乗りに専ら「豊臣」を使うようになり、いかなる名字も使用した形跡は無い。
English: However, there was no strict rule on that myoji (family name) and honsei (original name) had to be different as these examples show: in the cases of the Miyatsuko family of Kii Province, and the Tsumori family, the honsei (original name) existed but they had no myoji (family name), on the other hand, the Minamoto clan, the line of MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (Sahyoe no gon no suke [provisional assistant captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards]), the sei (surname) and myoji (family name) were the same, and therefore, it is impossible to conclude what was the myoji of the head family of TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: が、当時の紀伊国造家や津守氏のように本姓はあっても名字の存在しない家や、源義高(左兵衛権佐)流源氏のように姓と名字が同一の例も存在するなど、名字と本姓が必ず別であるという規則は無いこともあり、豊臣宗家の名字を断定することは出来ない。
English: Toyotomi' was its honsei (original name) and it is different in character from the myoji (family name) in such cases as the 'Oda clan' (honsei was Taira no Ason) and the 'Tokugawa clan' (honsei was Minamoto no Ason).
Japanese: 「豊臣氏」は本姓であって、「織田氏」（本姓は平朝臣）や「徳川氏」（本姓は源朝臣）などといった名字とは性質が異なる。
English: When one presented himself or herself by sei (or honsei, original name), the full name should be read by inserting 'no,' in between his or her sei (authentic surname) and imina (personal name), to indicate his belonging.
Japanese: 本姓による名乗りでは、姓と諱の間に氏への所属を意味する「の」を入れるのが原則的な読み方である。
English: According to this rule, 'Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI' should be read 'TOYOTOMI no Hideyoshi,' although there are numerous exceptions that does not follow this principle.
Japanese: この原則に従うと「豊臣秀吉」は「とよとみ・の・ひでよし」と読むことになるが、この原則が当てはまらない事例も相当数ある。
English: The family members of the Toyotomi clan usually were called without placing 'no,' such as 'xxxx (personal name) TOYOTOMI.'
Japanese: 豊臣氏の人物の名前は「とよとみ・○○○○」と言った具合に「の」抜きで呼ばれることが一般的である。
English: The origin of the "Toyotomi" is not clear, and there is no established opinion on it, although there are some theories including that, it derived from the name of Prince Shotoku, 'Toyotomimi.'
Japanese: 『豊臣』の由来ははっきりしておらず、「聖徳太子の名前「豊聡耳（とよとみみ）」から取られたという説などがあるものの、現在のところ定まった見解は無い。
English: Hideyoshi, who was from a family of ordinary commoner and had no hereditary vassals of the family, tried to strengthen his reign as the head of the uji no choja (the head) of the Toyotomi clan, by granting the name of the 'Toyotomi' or his myoji (family name) 'Hashiba' to those influential daimyo (feudal lords) and samurai families, when he appointed them to a certain government post.
Japanese: 凡下平民の出自でこれといった一門衆家臣団を持たない秀吉は、有力家臣である大名や武家に任官の際に豊臣姓や羽柴の名字を与え、自らは豊臣氏の氏長者となることで統治しようとした。
English: For example, as 'Hashiba, (government post), TOYOTOMI no Ason, personal name,' (ex. Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), he granted his sei and myoji, or, he did not grant his myoji, but made them call themselves as 'X, (government post), TOYOTOMI, personal name,' (ex. Katsumoto KATAGIRI), then he regarded them as his family members.
Japanese: 例えば、「羽柴（官職）豊臣朝臣某」(例・徳川家康)もしくは名字は与えず「某（官職）豊臣某」（例・片桐且元）と名乗らせて自らの一族とみなした。
English: While the Tokugawa government only allowed a limited number of daimyo to use its myoji, the 'Matsudaira' clan, those who were allowed to use Toyotomi's sei (original name) were widened, including some retainers of powerful daimyo.
Japanese: 徳川政権が松平氏の名字を限られた大名にしか許さなかったのに対し、豊臣姓を許された者は有力大名の家臣なども含まれるなど広範囲にわたっている。
English: Later, in the process of the hegemony of the Tokugawa clan becoming secured, those daimyos who were once allowed to use the denomination of TOYOTOMI no Ason and/or the Hashiba clan gradually abandoned this honsei (original name) 'TOYOTOMI no Ason,' and stopped using the myoji 'Hashiba' in public.
Japanese: のちに徳川氏の覇権が確固たるものになっていく過程の中で、豊臣朝臣や羽柴氏を名乗ることを許されていた大名たちは、豊臣朝臣の本姓を捨てて「羽柴」を公称しないようになっていった。
English: The Kinoshita clan was the family home of Kodai-in, the lawful wife of Hideyoshi, and among the daimyo families, this was the only clan which maintained the TOYOTOMI no Ason as its honsei (original name) through the Edo period.
Japanese: 江戸時代を通じて豊臣朝臣を本姓とし続けた大名家は、秀吉の正室・高台院の実家である木下氏だけである。
English: The Kinoshita family did not change its honsei (original name) until after the Meiji Restoration, when honsei (original name) and myoji (family name) were legally integrated into one, as the form which is seen today.
Japanese: 明治維新後に本姓と名字が法的に一本化されて現在見られる姓のあり方に統合されていくまで、木下家は本姓を変えることがなかった。
English: In books and TV programs related to Japanese history, it is often explained that 'the Toyotomi clan became downfallen in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka no Eki).
Japanese: 日本史関係の書籍やテレビ番組などでは「大坂夏の陣で豊臣氏は滅亡した」と説明されることが多い。
English: However, this is because in general 'Toyotomi family' only refers to the head family of Toyotomi, the lord of Osaka-jo Castle, and, this is an inaccurate explanation that might lead to a misunderstanding that the whole Toyotomi clan was destroyed there.
Japanese: が、これは大坂城主の豊臣宗家のみを指して「豊臣家」と呼ぶことが一般的であるためであり、豊臣氏全体が滅亡したという誤解を生じさせかねない不正確な表現である。
English: As mentioned above, the Toyotomi clan of the maternal relative lineage (the Kinoshita family line of the Kodaiin side) was not destroyed and the Toyotomi clan itself, therefore, continued through the Edo period as a daimyo.
Japanese: 前述のように、実際には外戚の豊臣氏族（高台院側の血筋である木下家）が健在であったので、豊臣氏自体は江戸時代を通じて大名として存続している。
English: Kodaiin of the head family of TOYOTOMI adopted her nephew's son and made him call himself 'Toshitsugu HASHIBA,' appointing him as the successor to shashoku (the reign) of the family.
Japanese: また豊臣宗家の高台院自身も晩年に養子をとり、甥を「羽柴利次」と名乗らせ社稷を継承する者とした。
English: After Kodaiin's death, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) forbade him to use the 'Hashiba' as his family name, and, therefore, he changed his name to Toshitsugu KINOSHITA and survived as hatamoto (a direct retainer of the Shogun), succeeding the posthumous estate of Kodaiin.
Japanese: 高台院没後は幕府から「羽柴」を称することを禁じられたため、木下利次と改名して高台院の遺領を継承し旗本として存続した。
English: It can be said that the Toyotomi clan was formed by Hideyoshi HASHIBA's brothers and sisters as well as their descendents.
Japanese: 氏族としての豊臣氏は、羽柴秀吉の兄弟姉妹および彼らの子孫たちからなる一族であるといえる。
English: Hideyoshi promoted his limited relatives, and granted a territory of a stipend of 1million koku crop yield in Koriyama of Yamato Province to his younger brother Hidenaga, and a territory of a stipend of 430,000 koku crop yield in Yawata of Omi Province to his nephew Hidetsugu.
Japanese: 秀吉は乏しい親族を取り立て、弟秀長を大和国郡山100万石、甥秀次を近江国八幡43万石にとそれぞれ取り立てた。
English: In 1589, his biological child Tsurumatsu was born, and Hideyoshi had decided Tsurumatsu to be his successor, however, soon after Hideyoshi achieved the unification of the whole country in 1590, Hidenaga and Tsurumatsu died successively in 1591.
Japanese: 1589年には実子鶴松が生まれ、後継者と定めていたが、1590年に天下統一を果たした直後の1591年には秀長と鶴松が相次いで死亡する。
English: However, Hideyoshi did not hand over all of his authorities, and he continued to rule the direct control territory of the head family of Toyotomi and the military power although he became to be called Taiko (father of the Imperial adviser) (*Taiko refers to the person who passed over his position of Kanpaku to his successor), and consequently, the contradictions derived from this dualism of power came up to the surface.
Japanese: しかし、秀吉は全権を譲らず、太閤（※本来、太閤とは子弟に関白を譲った人物を指す）と呼ばれつつ豊臣宗家直轄領と軍権を掌握しつづけたので、次第に二重政権の矛盾が表面化してきた。
English: Moreover, in 1593 another biological son, Hideyori, was born to Hideyoshi, and the conflict between Hideyoshi and Hidetsugu became definitely serious.
Japanese: しかも1593年に秀吉に再び実子秀頼が生まれ、秀吉と秀次の対立は決定的に悪化してしまった。
English: By Hidetsugu's death, the dual government was dissolved and the Toyotomi administration was unified again under Hideyoshi, however, the head family of TOYOTOMI lost the post of Kanpaku, by which the government could justify itself.
Japanese: これによって二重政権は解消され、豊臣政権は再び秀吉のもとに一元化されるが、政権の正統性の拠り所である関白職は豊臣宗家から失われた。
English: In addition, Hideyasu, who succeeded Hidenaga also died around that time, and the blood relatives that could be a guarding wall to support the head family of Toyotomi disappeared.
Japanese: また、秀長を継いだ秀保もこの頃死に、豊臣宗家を支える血族の藩屏は存在しなくなった。
English: After Hideyoshi died in 1598, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA began to emerge out of the powerful daimyo who were consigned by Hideyoshi to take care of the posthumous affaires, and in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Ieyasu defeated the daimyo who were in support of the Toyotomi administration, including Mitsunari ISHIDA, and achieved to dominate the country.
Japanese: 1598年に秀吉が死ぬと、後事を託された有力大名の中から徳川家康が台頭し、1600年の関ヶ原の戦いで石田三成ら豊臣政権擁護派の諸大名を倒し、覇権を打ちたてる。
English: In 1603, he became the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians") and established the Edo bakufu (feudal government headed by Ieyasu), and in 1605, he passed over the shogunate to his son Hidetada TOKUGAWA in order to secure the legitimacy of the Tokugawa Administration, and consequently, the head family of Toyotomi completely lost its authority over the country.
Japanese: 1603年に家康は征夷大将軍に就任して江戸幕府を開き、1605年には将軍職を子の徳川秀忠に譲って徳川政権の正統性を確立していき、豊臣宗家は全国政権の座から完全に滑り落ちてしまった。
English: However, Hideyori TOYOTOMI, who was cast down to a daimyo, did not accept the submission to the Tokugawa Shogunate as a mere retainer, although witnessing the process of establishment of the Tokugawa Administration.
Japanese: しかし、徳川政権の確立していく様を見ても、豊臣秀頼は一大名として徳川将軍に臣従することを認めなかった。
English: Ieyasu, who felt an anxiety about this, arose Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) in 1614, and in the following year when Ieyasu surrendered Osaka-jo Castle in the second siege of Osaka no Eki, he brought Hideyoshi and others to kill themselves.
Japanese: これに後顧の憂いを感じた家康は、1614年に大坂の役を起こし、さらに翌年の大坂の役で大坂城を落とし、秀頼らを自害させる。
English: Hideyori's posthumous child, Kunimatsu, was executed on June 19, 1615 at Sanjo-gawara Riverside in Kyoto, and hereto, the head family of TOYOTOMI, which Hideyoshi founded, died out.
Japanese: 秀頼の遺児・国松は、同じ慶長20年5月23日（グレゴリオ暦1615年6月19日）に京の三条河原にて処刑され、ここに秀吉の興した豊臣宗家は断絶した。
English: In addition, there is a theory in which, Kunimatsu who escaped to Satsuma Province, was sheltered by the Shimazu clan, then became Nobutsugu KINOSHITA, the ancestor of the Kinoshita family and a family of Kotaiyoriai (a status of samurai warriors in the Edo period which was in charge of a rotating member of the top decision-making organ) as well as a branch family of the Hinode Domain in Bungo Province.
Japanese: なお、国松は薩摩国に逃れて島津氏にかくまわれ、豊後国日出藩木下家の分家である交代寄合木下家の祖・木下延次になったという異説がある。
English: However, the Toyotomi clan's official successor approved by the bakufu was Toshitsugu HASHIBA, the adoptive son that Kodai-in took in her late life (Toshitsugu's real father was said to be Toshifusa KINOSHITA, Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA's older brother).
Japanese: しかし、幕府に認められた正式な豊臣氏の継承者は、高台院が晩年にむかえた養子の羽柴利次（実父は小早川秀秋の兄・木下利房）とされている。
English: Kazoku indicates the noble class that existed in modern Japan from 1869 to 1947.
Japanese: 華族（かぞく）とは、1869年から1947年まで存在した日本近代の貴族階級のことである。
English: Kazoku is sometimes further divided into the following: Kuge kazoku that originated in kuge (court nobles); Daimyo kazoku (or Shoko kazoku) that originated in the lords of the domains in the Edo period; Shin kazoku (or Kunko kazoku) who were raised to the kazoku class due to their distinguished contributions to the nation; and Koshin kazoku who descended from the class of the Imperial family to the class of the subjects.
Japanese: 公家に由来する華族を公家華族、江戸時代の藩主に由来する華族を大名華族（諸侯華族）、国家への勲功により華族に加えられたものを新華族（勲功華族）、臣籍降下した元皇族を皇親華族、と区別することがある。
English: On July 25, 1869, together with Hanseki Hokan (the return of the lands and people to the emperor), the administration issued the promulgation No. 54 "About abolishing the titles of Ko (top ministers), Kei (top councilors and court officials over the fourth rank), and Shoko (lords), and changing the titles to Kazoku" which stipulated that the titles of Ko, Kei and Shoko in the former class system should be abolished, and they should be called "kazoku."
Japanese: 明治2年6月17日(旧暦)（1869年7月25日）、版籍奉還と同日に出された行政官布達（公卿諸侯ノ称ヲ廃シ華族ト改ム）54号により、従来の身分制度の公卿・諸侯の称を廃し、これらの家は華族となることが定められた。
English: Total 427 families, including 137 kuge families, 270 shoko families, 5 families which were newly admitted as kuge after the Meiji Restoration and 16 families which were newly admitted as shoko after the Meiji Restoration, became belonged to the newly established "kazoku" class.
Japanese: 公家137家・諸侯270家・明治維新後に公家とされた家5家・維新後に諸侯とされた家16家の合計427家は新しい身分層である「華族」に組み入れられた。
English: However, in fact there were two kinds of kazoku; "Shushin kazoku" (one-generation kazoku) lost the kazoku status at the death of their family heads who had been practically given the title; and "Eidai kazoku" (permanent kazoku) could keep the kazoku status for generations.
Japanese: しかしながら、本人一代限りの華族である「終身華族」と、子孫も華族となる「永代華族」の二つが存在していた。
English: Of these, the 26 former kuge families that had had a family member succeed to the position of head priest at a powerful temple or train at such a temple before returning to the secular life and some other families were given the name "Nara kazoku."
Japanese: 特に大寺院の門跡であった公家の子弟が還俗し、新たな華族となった26家は奈良華族と総称される。
English: The Okubo family, the Kido family and the Hirosawa family were raised to kazoku by the favors of Emperor Meiji for the distinguished contributions of Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and Sanetomi HIROSAWA; amongst Shin kazoku (or Kunko kazoku), only those three families had been raised to kazoku before Kazoku Law was introduced.
Japanese: また、大久保家（大久保利通の功）・木戸家（木戸孝允の功）・広沢家（広沢真臣の功）は、明治天皇の特旨によって華族に列せられているが、華族令以前に華族に昇進した元勲の家系はこの3家のみである。
English: In addition, the descendants of the persons who had been especially loyal to the Imperial family were also raised to kazoku in this period.
Japanese: また、歴史上天皇家に対して忠節を尽くした人物の子孫もこの時代に華族となっている。
English: The persons who were engaged in compiling the kazoku system had their own idea for the title of the class: Hirobumi ITO suggested "Kugyo" (compound of 'Ko' and 'Kei' which originally meaning the top court officials); Saneomi HIROSAWA, Toshimichi OKUBO, and Taneomi SOEJIMA suggested "kizoku" (originally meaning nobles); and Tomomi IWAKURA suggested "kunke" (families that contributed to the nation greatly), "meizoku" (noble families), "kozoku" (families of 'Ko') and "gyoke" (families of 'Kei').
Japanese: 華族制度の策定にあたった伊藤博文は『公卿』、広沢真臣・大久保利通・副島種臣は『貴族』、岩倉具視は『勲家』・『名族』・『公族』・『卿家』等の案を持っていた。
English: Before the Meiji era, the term "kazoku華族" indicated "Seigake清華家" (族 and 家 mean 'family', 清 means 'pure', and 華 means 'flower') which was the second noblest family status next to Sekke (family status of the families of regents and top Imperial advisers) among kuge (noble families).
Japanese: 明治以前まで使用されていた『華族』は公家の家格を表す名称で、摂家に次ぐ第二位の家格『清華家』の別称であった。
English: In the same month, a salary system was established for kazoku (former tosho [high court nobility]) and for former governmental officers, and it was promulgated that former governmental officers should be given the new statuses "Shizoku" (warrior class) or "Sotsu" (lower warrior class), and all people including kazoku should belong to the local governments (to belong to the local governments was especially called "kanzoku").
Japanese: また同月、華族（元堂上）ならびに旧官人の禄制が定められ、旧官人らは士族、卒とし、華族以下すべて地方官の貫属とする旨布告された。
English: In 1871, the rule to deal with the Imperial family and kazoku was established, and according to it, kazoku was requested to be role models for all people.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）には皇族華族取扱規則が定められ、華族は四民の上に立ち、その模範となることが求められた。
English: On August 29, Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was executed, and Shoko kazoku lost the position of Chihanji (provincial governor).
Japanese: 7月14日(旧暦)には廃藩置県が行われ、知藩事としての地位も失った。
English: In 1874, the Kasumi-kaikan Building was constructed for solidifying relationships and promoting interactions among members in the kazoku class.
Japanese: 明治7年（1874年）には華族の団結と交友のため霞会館が創立された。
English: In 1877, Gakushuin School opened for promoting education of children in the kazoku class.
Japanese: また、明治10年（1877年）には華族の子弟教育のために学習院が開校された。
English: The person who led these arrangements of the kazoku system was Udaijin (minister of the right) Tomomi IWAKURA who was a member of Kuge kazoku.
Japanese: これら華族制度の整備を主導したのは、自らも公家華族である右大臣岩倉具視であった。
English: In 1876, Sozoku System (the system of the paternal family group) was enacted for the integration and solidarity of kazoku, and according to it, all kazoku were classified into 76 groups based on the family lines regardless of the differences of their original statuses as buke (samurai families) and kugyo (court nobles).
Japanese: 明治9年（1876年）全華族の融和と団結を目的とした宗族制度が発足し、華族は武家と公卿の区別無く系図上の血縁ごとに76の『類』として分類された。
English: Some kazoku established each sozoku association with the members belonging to the same group, and they interacted with each other through family occasions such as religious services for their ancestors.
Japanese: 同じ類の華族は宗族会を作り、先祖の祭祀などで交流を持つようになった。
English: On January 10, 1878, Iwakura established the office of President of Kazoku (called "Kazoku Bucho Kyoku" literally "the Department of Kazoku President" which was a name for a kind of disguise) in Kazoku-kaikan Clubhouse to control kazoku.
Japanese: 明治11年（1878年）1月10日、岩倉は華族会館の組織として華族部長局を置き、華族の統制に当たらせた。
English: However, Buke kazoku that originated in samurai got frustrated with the control by Kuge kazoku Iwakura, and demanded the abolishment of the office of President.
Japanese: しかし公家である岩倉の主導による統制に武家華族達は不満を持ち、部長局の廃止を求めた。
English: In 1882, the office of Kazoku President was closed, and after that, the Department of Kazoku under the direct control of Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) dealt with the control kazoku.
Japanese: 明治15年（1882年）、華族部長局は廃され、華族の統制は宮内省直轄の組織である華族局が取り扱うこととなった。
English: Although Iwakura politically cooperated with Hirobumi ITO, he strongly rejected Ito and Takayoshi KIDO's ideas on kazoku, such as increasing the members of the kazoku class (specifically, by giving the title to persons who had contributed to the Meiji Restoration) to form an upper chamber in the future and allowing more kazoku's participation in politics.
Japanese: 岩倉は政治的には伊藤博文と協力関係にあったが、伊藤や木戸孝允が構想した将来の上院形成のための華族増員（具体的には維新の功労者を華族を加える）と華族の政治参加には強い拒否反応を示した。
English: However, after Mikotonori (imperial edict) to establish the national parliament was issued in 1881, Iwakura at last agreed to the Ito's policy.
Japanese: しかし、明治14年（1881年）に国会開設の詔が出されると岩倉も漸く伊藤の方針に同意した。
English: After Iwakura died, the Department of the System Investigation which had been established by mainly Ito developed the kazoku system.
Japanese: 岩倉の死後は伊藤を中心に設置された制度取調局で華族制度の整備が進められた。
English: In May of 1869, the following plan was proposed by the Sanshoku (three-post) meeting: Kazoku should be divided into "Ko" "Kei" "Taifu" and "Shi"; "Ko" and "Kei" and Kei were each further divided into the upper grade and the lower grade; "Taifu" and "Shi" were each further divided into the upper grade, the middle grade and the lower grade.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）5月には華族を『公』・『卿』・『太夫』・『士』の四つに分け、公と卿は上下の2段階、太夫と士は上中下の3段階という計9等級に分ける案が三職会議から提出された。
English: In September of 1871, the central state council presented the following plan to the council of the Left for investigations there: Classifying kazoku into these five ranks, "Joko" "Ko" "Ako" "Jokei" and "Kei."
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）9月には正院から左院に『上公』・『公』・『亜公』・『上卿』・『卿』の5等級に分ける案が下問された。
English: Receiving this plan, in October of the same year, the council of the Left proposed the plan of classifying kazoku into these three ranks, "Ko" "Kei" and "Shi."
Japanese: これを受けた左院は10月に『公』・『卿』・『士』の3等級に分ける案を提出した。
English: In 1876, the Department of the Legislation proposed the plan of classifying kazoku into these three ranks, "Ko" "Haku" and "Shi," and this three-rank plan was mostly supported before Seinan War.
Japanese: 明治9年（1876年）には法制局が『公』・『伯』・『士』の3等級案を提出し、西南戦争以前は3等級案が主流となっていた。
English: On February 4, 1878, Great Secretary of the Department of the Legislation Saburo OZAKI and Assistant Secretary Yoshikata SAKURAI proposed to Hirobumi ITO the plan of classifying kazoku into these five ranks, "Koshaku (公爵)" "Koshaku (侯爵)" "Hakushaku" "Shishaku" and "Danshaku."
Japanese: 明治11年（1878年）2月4日、法制局大書記官尾崎三良と少書記官桜井能堅から伊藤博文に対し、『公爵』・『侯爵』・『伯爵』・『子爵』・『男爵』の5等級案が提出された。
English: This was based on the description in the king system part of Raiki (Book of Rites), one of Gokyo (Five Classics), that "The salary and title in the king's system is commonly classified into five ranks including Ko (公), Ko (候), Haku, Shi, Dan."
Japanese: これは五経の一つである礼記の王制篇に『王者之制禄爵　公候伯子男　凡五等』とあるのにならったものである。
English: According to this law, all kazoku were classified into these five ranks, "Koshaku (公爵)" "Koshaku (侯爵)" "Hakushaku" "Shishaku" and "Danshaku."
Japanese: これにより華族は『公爵』・『侯爵』・『伯爵』・『子爵』・『男爵』の五階の爵位に叙された。
English: The criterion for the rating was based on a paper 'Study on the Peerage System' written by President of Department of the Decoration Sakimitsu YANAGIWARA and submitted to Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) Sanetomi SANJO on May 7, 1884; roughly speaking, actual peerages were conferred based on the criterion.
Japanese: この基準は、明治17年（1884年）5月7日に賞勲局総裁柳原前光から太政大臣三条実美に提出された「爵制備考」として提出されたものが元になっており、実際の叙爵もおおむねこの基準に沿って行われている。
English: At the same time, 29 families of persons, including Hirobumi ITO, who made distinguished contributions in the Meiji Restoration, were newly raised to the kazoku class and conferred the peerage.
Japanese: 同時に伊藤博文ら維新の元勲であった者の家29家が華族に列せられ、爵位を受けている。
English: In addition, Sanetomi SANJO, Tomomi IWAKURA, the lord of Satsuma Domain Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, Hisamitsu SHIMAZU and Takachika MORI were regarded as 'persons who made distinguished contributions to the nation,' and their families, the Sanjo family from kuge, the Iwakura family from kuge, the Shimazu family from buke, the Tamazato-Shimazu family from buke, and the Mori family from buke were conferred the peerage.
Japanese: また「国家に偉功ある者」として公家からは三条家（三条実美の功）、岩倉家（岩倉具視の功）、武家からは島津氏（薩摩藩主島津忠義の功）、玉里島津家（島津久光の功）、毛利家（毛利敬親の功）が公爵に叙せられた。
English: It was decided that, as Koshaku (侯爵 commonly translated as marquis), the Seiga families from kuge, Tokugawa Gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family) from buke and the Daimyo families (feudal lord families) from buke, which had been paid the rice stipend of more than 150,000 goku (27058.5 cubic meters), were eligible.
Japanese: 公家からは清華家、武家からは徳川御三家と現米15万石以上の大名家が侯爵相当とされた。
English: As "persons who made distinguished contributions to the nation," the Kido family (due to the contribution of Takayoshi KIDO) and the Okubo family (due to the contribution of Toshimichi OKUBO) were ranked as Koshaku (侯爵).
Japanese: また「国家に勲功ある者」として、木戸家（木戸孝允の功）、大久保家（大久保利通の功）が侯爵とされた。
English: It is considered that the fact that Tadayasu NAKAYAMA of the Nakayama family was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Meiji was taken into account.
Japanese: 中山家は中山忠能が明治天皇の外祖父であったことが考慮されたものとみられる。