nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Three years later, in 534, though oppositions to the enthronement of Emperor Kinmei supported Ankan as emperor, Ankan passed away within a year.
Japanese: その後、彼の即位を認めなかった勢力が3年後の534年に安閑を擁立、彼は1年で崩御した。
English: Subsequently supporters of Ankan supported Senke; therefore, the court of Kinmei and the court of Ankan/Senka coexisted side by side at one time; but this juxtaposition was dissolved by the demise of Senka; this was what Kida insisted.
Japanese: 続いて宣化を擁立する等欽明朝と安閑・宣化朝は一時並立し、宣化の崩御により解消されたと主張した。
English: While Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA (scholar of Japanese history) mostly agreed with Kida's theory, Hayashiya also advocated that Emperor Keitai was assassinated.
Japanese: 林屋辰三郎も大筋では喜田説に同意するが、継体は暗殺されたと主張した。
English: However, Mizuno considered that Emperor Kinmei succeeded to the throne in 535 after Ankan reigned f or eight years and that Emperor Senka is a fictional figure.
Japanese: しかし、水野はその後は安閑が8年間在位し、535年に欽明が即位、宣化は架空の人物と見なした。
English: Shirasaki considered that Ankan reigned for 4 years and afterwards both of the court of Senka and the court of Kinmei coexisted for four years.
Japanese: そして、白崎は安閑の在位は4年でその後はさらに4年宣化・欽明両朝が並立したとみなした。
English: Based on the statement in "Original records of Paekche" in section of "25 years of Emperor Keitai" in "Chronicles of Japan", saying "百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞?城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣"(Emperor in Japan and the prince passed away at the same time), Jugo KUROIWA believed that Ankan and Senka did not succeed to the throne and they were actually assassinated or under custody.
Japanese: これに対して黒岩重吾は『日本書紀』継体天皇廿五年での『百済本記』引用「百濟本記爲文其文云大歳辛亥三月軍進至于安羅營乞乇城是月高麗弑其王安又聞日本天皇及太子皇子倶崩薨由此而言辛亥之歳當廿五年矣」天皇および太子、皇子が同時に死んだという記述等を根拠にそれぞれ実際には即位していない安閑・宣化は暗殺・軟禁されたとした。
English: Also Kuroiwa insisted that OTOMO no Kanamura lost his position not because he ceded four provinces in Mimana for exchange of bribe but because he failed in the fight on deciding the successor by recommending these illegitimate older half-brothers of him.
Japanese: また、大伴金村は任那4県を賄賂と引き換えに割譲したことではなく、彼ら庶兄を推したために後継者争いに敗れて失脚したと主張した。
English: Among these theories, there are opinions to take objection to the theory of juxtaposition of plural Emperors for the reason that there are not many historical materials which can prove this theory.
Japanese: これらのうち、並立説については史料的根拠に乏しい事等を理由に反対する意見もある。
English: Apart from the "Chronicles of Japan" and the theory of Mizuno, if any of these theories is correct, Emperor Kinmei would become the third emperor who reigned for the longest time following Emperor Showa and Emperor Meiji between Emperor Keitai and the present Imperial family; some people argue that Emperor Suiko or Emperor Tenmu was the actual first emperor and before these emperors there existed the great King of Yamato; but we will put aside this theory for now.
Japanese: もし書紀・水野説以外のいずれかが正しければ、欽明天皇は現在の皇室から少なくとも遡れる継体天皇以降の歴代天皇では昭和天皇・明治天皇に次いで長く在位した（推古天皇または天武天皇が事実上の初代天皇で、それ以前はヤマト大王だったのではないかという説は置いて）事になる。
English: In 552, budda statues and sutras; sacred literature telling religious techniques, were introduced to Japan from Paekche while It is argued that Buddhism was introduced in 538 based on descriptions in "Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu" (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), "Ganjo-ji temple garan engi", (the history of Ganjoji temple), (both saying 538 is the year when Buddhism came to Japan.
Japanese: 552年(欽明天皇13年)に百済から仏像と経文が伝来する（仏教伝来そのものに関しては、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』（「志癸島天皇御世戊午年十月十二日」）『元興寺伽藍縁起』（天國案春岐廣庭天皇七年歳戊午十二月）を根拠として戊午年・538年とする説が有力である。
English: During the reign of Emperor Kinmei (540-571), since there was no year of the horse (the Oriental zodiac), 538, the year closest to his period of reign, is often considered when Buddhism was introduced to Japan.
Japanese: 欽明天皇治世（540年-571年）には戊午の干支年が存在しないため、最も近い戊午年である538年（書紀によれば宣化天皇3年）が有力と考えられている。）。
English: This resulted in the conflict between the Mononobe clan (anti-Buddhist faction) and the Soga clan (pro-Buddhist faction), and the Mononobe clan burned down temples, and threw away Budda statues.
Japanese: これによって、廃仏派の物部氏と崇仏派の蘇我氏の間で対立がおこり、物部氏は寺を焼き、仏像を投げ捨てる事までした。
English: The Imperial Palace was in Shikishima no Kasanomiya (now known as Sotoyama, Kanaya, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 都は磯城島金刺宮（しきしまのかなさしのみや、現在の奈良県桜井市金屋・外山）。
English: According to the "Enkishiki"(the book of laws and regulation edited in the Heian Period and "Chronicles of Japan", the Emperor Kinmei was buried in Hinokuma no saka Ai no Misasagi in Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』、『延喜式』によれば、檜隈坂合陵（ひのくまのさかあいのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: Although his Imperial mausoleum is known as a part of Umeyama Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 140 meters in diameter) in Asuka-mura, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture, some argue that it is in the Mise Maruyama Tumulus (Gojono Maruyama Tumulus) in Kashihara Prefecture.
Japanese: 同陵は奈良県高市郡明日香村平田の梅山古墳（前方後円墳・全長140m）に治定されているが、橿原市の見瀬丸山古墳（五条野丸山古墳）とする説もある。
English: In 612, Soga no Kitashihime (Princess) is also buried later in Hinokuma no saka Ai no Misasagi.
Japanese: なお、檜隈坂合陵には後に612年（推古天皇20年）に堅塩媛が改葬されている。
English: Emperor Ankan (466-January 25, 536) was the 27th Emperor (whose reign lasted from March 10, 531 to December 17, 535).
Japanese: 安閑天皇（あんかんてんのう、雄略天皇10年（466年）-安閑天皇4年12月17日(旧暦)（536年1月25日））は、第27代の天皇（在位：継体天皇25年2月7日(旧暦)（531年3月10日）-安閑天皇4年（535年）12月17日）。
English: His Japanese-style posthumous name was shown as Hirokumioshitakekanahi no Mikoto in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), and as Hirokunioshitakekanahi no Sumeramikoto in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 和風諡号は、『古事記』に広国押建金日命（ひろくにおしたけかなひのみこと）、『日本書紀』に広国押武金日天皇とある。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), his posthumous name was referred as Magari no Oe no Miko (It was also called 'Magari no Oine no Miko').
Japanese: また『日本書紀』では、諱を勾大兄皇子（まがりのおおえのみこ）としている（‘まがりのおいねのみこ’とも読む）。
English: Although Toyohiko no Miko was referred as his son in "Honcho koin jounroku" (the Emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period), the reason for which was not clear.
Japanese: 『本朝皇胤紹運録』に豊彦王（とよひこのみこ）を挙げるが、所拠不明である。
English: Although 'Kanahashi Village (in Takaichi County)' (present-day Kashihara City) lasted from 1889 to 1956, the name Kanahashi was a restored place name named after this reigning name in modern times, and now, it can be seen only in a few places such as a station (JR Kanahashi Station).
Japanese: なお、1889年から1956年まで存続した「金橋村（高市郡）」（現、橿原市）は、この宮号による近代の復古地名であったが、今ではわずか駅名などにその名を留める程度である（JR金橋駅）。
English: As for events during the reign of Emperor Ankan, setting up a large number (more than 30 locations) of miyake (Imperial-controlled territory) and corresponding deployment of Inukaibe (corporation of dogkeepers) can be mentioned.
Japanese: 安閑天皇の治世の出来事としては、屯倉の大量設置（30ヶ所以上に上る）、それに伴う犬養部の設置が挙げられる。
English: According to the 'Kudarahonki' (Original records of Paekche) quoted by "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), a legend has it that Emperor Keitai and Prince died together around 531, and another theory has it that after the death of Emperor Keitai, two Imperial Courts existed at the same time, one was reigned by Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, the other was reigned by Emperor Kinmei, and they had a domestic conflict ('Shingai Coup' theory).
Japanese: なお、『日本書紀』に引く「百済本記」（「百濟本記爲文其文云大歳辛亥三月軍進至于安羅營乞乇城是月高麗弑其王安又聞日本天皇及太子皇子倶崩薨由此而言辛亥之歳當廿五年矣」）によれば、531年頃に天皇と太子・皇子が共に薨去したという所伝があるといい、継体天皇の死後、安閑天皇・宣化天皇の朝廷と欽明天皇の朝廷が並立していたとか、2朝間に内乱があったと見る説もある（「辛亥の変」説）。
English: In future generations, as Emperor Ankan was identified with Zao Gongen (the principal image of the Kimpusen Zaodo, and the highest worship object of the Shugendo) according to the teaching of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, the Shinto shrines which conventionally assumed Zao Gongen as an enshrined deity, replaced Zao Gobgen with Emperor Ankan as an enshrined deity after the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the Meiji Period.
Japanese: 後世、神仏習合の教説で蔵王権現と同一視されたため、明治時代の神仏分離以降に、従来蔵王権現を祭神としていた神社で安閑天皇を祭神とし直したところが多い。
English: His tomb was presumed to be Takaya Tsukiyama Tumulus (122m long keyhole-shaped mound) in 5-chome, Furuichi, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 大阪府羽曳野市古市五丁目の高屋築山古墳（前方後円墳・全長122m）に比定される。
English: Emperor Senka (467-March 15, 539) was the 28th Emperor (whose reign lasted from January 14, 537 to March 15, 539).
Japanese: 宣化天皇（せんかてんのう、雄略天皇11年（467年）-宣化天皇4年2月10日(旧暦)（539年3月15日））は、第28代天皇（在位：宣化天皇2年12月18日(旧暦)（537年1月14日）-宣化天皇4年2月10日（539年3月15日））。
English: The brother named Takeo Hiroku Koshitate no Mikoto ascended the throne at Hinokuma no Ihori Miya to govern the whole country.
Japanese: 弟（いろと）、建小広国押楯（たけをひろくこおしたて）命、檜垌（ひのくま）の廬入野（いほり）宮に坐しまして、天の下治めらしめしき。
English: Later, he married two wives and had three sons and two daughters ("Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters).
Japanese: （この後は、二人の比売（ひめ）を娶って産まれた御子が男子三人、女子二人と祖について書いている）（『古事記』）
English: In "Kojiki," he was referred to as Takeo Hirokumi Oshitate no Mikoto.
Japanese: 『古事記』では、建小広国押楯命（たけをひろくにおしたてのみこと）という。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), he was referred to as Takeo Hirokuni Oshitate no Sumeramikoto.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』では、武小広国押盾天皇（たけをひろくにおしたてのすめらみこと）と言う。
English: Also in "Nihonshoki," his name was called Hinokuma no Takata no Miko.
Japanese: また『日本書紀』では、名を檜隈高田皇子（ひのくまのたかたのみこ）と言う。
English: The imperial capital was Hinokuma no Iorino no Miya, present-day Hinokuma, Asuka-mura, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 都は檜隈廬入野宮（ひのくまのいおりののみや、現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村檜前）。
English: When his predecessor, Emperor Ankan died, his brother Emperor Senka ascended the throne because Emperor Ankan had no children.
Japanese: 先の安閑天皇が亡くなったとき、その子供が居なかったために弟の宣化天皇が即位した。
English: He improved Miyake (Imperial-controlled territory) in Chikushi, and orderd OTOMO no kanamura to deliver reinforcements to Mimana which was being attacked by Silla.
Japanese: 筑紫の官家の整備を行い、大伴金村に命じて新羅に攻められている任那に援軍を送った。
English: In 536, SOGA no Iname became Omi (a minister), which built the foundation of prosperity of SOGA clan which started from his son SOGA no Umako took over the position.
Japanese: 536年には蘇我稲目が大臣となり、子の蘇我馬子以降続く、蘇我氏の全盛の礎が築かれる事となる。
English: Since he ascended the throne at the age of 69, and reigned for a short period of three years or more, he didn't have major achievements.
Japanese: 即位が69歳と遅く、在位が3年余りと短いため、あまり主立った事績は無い。
English: There is also a theory that Ankan and Senka era existed together with the era of Emperor Kinmei, who was the younger brother of them, ascended the throne shortly after the death of their father Emperor Keitai, but in any case, the bloodline of Emperor Senka was taken over until now though Ishihime no Miko.
Japanese: また、安閑・宣化朝は実は父継体天皇死後直ぐに即位した弟の欽明天皇と並立していたとの説もあるが、いずれにせよ、宣化天皇の血統も石姫皇女を通して現在まで受け継がれることとなる。
English: According to "Nihonshoki," and "Engishiki," it was Musanotsuki Sakae no Misasagi.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』、『延喜式』によれば、身狭桃花鳥坂上陵（むさのつきさかのえのみささぎ）。
English: His descendant clan was Tajihi clan, which flourished from the Asuka period to the early Heian period as a dominantly powerful family and a high-ranked aristocracy.
Japanese: 飛鳥時代から平安時代初期にかけて有力豪族・上級貴族として繁栄した多治比氏がある。
English: Emperor Bidatsu (538?-September 14, 585) was the 30th Emperor (whose reign lasted from April 30, 572 to September 14, 585).
Japanese: 敏達天皇（びだつてんのう、宣化天皇3年（538年）？-敏達天皇14年8月15日(旧暦)（585年9月14日）は、第30代天皇（在位：敏達天皇元年4月3日(旧暦)（572年4月30日）-同14年8月15日（585年9月14日））。
English: His Japanese-style posthumous name was 渟中倉太珠敷尊 (Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto), and according to" Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters)," it was also written as 沼名倉太珠敷命 (Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto).
Japanese: 和風諡号は渟中倉太珠敷尊（ぬなくらのふとたましきのみこと）、沼名倉太珠敷命（古事記）。
English: The son, named Nunakura Futotamashiki, ascended the throne at Wosada Imperial Palace when he was 14 years old to govern the whole country.
Japanese: 御子、沼名倉太珠敷（ぬなくらふとたましき）命、他田（をさだ）宮に坐しまして、天の下治らしめすこと、十四歳（とをまりよとせ）なりき。
English: (It is said that after that, he married 6 wives and had 24 sons and daughters, and a child of one of them, which means one of his grandchild, ascended the throne.)
Japanese: （この後は、六人の比売（ひめ）を娶り、二十四人の御子を設け、この中御子の一人の御子が、つまり孫が即位したことを述べている。）
English: Although at first, the Imperial Palace used to be Kudara Oinomiya (in terms of the location of which, there are various theories such as Oi, Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture, Kudara, Koryo-cho Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara Prefecture, Koda, Tondabayashi City, Osaka Prefecture, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture), following the result of bokusen (divination), it moved to Osata no Sakitama no Miya (Wosada Miya) located in present-day Kaiju, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture in 575.
Japanese: 初め百済大井宮（くだらのおおいのみや、大阪府河内長野市太井・奈良県北葛城郡広陵町百済・大阪府富田林市甲田・奈良県桜井市など諸説あり）を皇居としたが、575年卜占の結果に従い、訳語田幸玉宮（おさたのさきたまのみや(他田宮）、現在の奈良県桜井市戒重へ遷った。。
English: MONONOBE no Moriya directly took over Omuraji, and SOGA no Umako became Omi.
Japanese: 物部守屋がそのまま連（おおむらじ）を引き継ぎ、蘇我馬子が大臣（おおおみ）になった。
English: Although he discussed with Baekje, aiming at the revival of Mimana in accordance with Emperor Kinmei's last will, he made little progress in it.
Japanese: 欽明天皇の遺言である任那復興を目して百済と協議していたが、ほとんど進展は見られなかった。
English: It is also reported that KONGO-gumi, the world's oldest company established in 578.
Japanese: また、世界最古の企業とされる金剛組が敏達天皇6年（578年）に発足したと伝わっている。
English: As Emperor Bidatsu was close to anti-Buddhist faction, MONONOBE no Moriya and Nakatomi clan, who belonged to anti-Buddhist faction got the boost from the Emperor, and SOGA no Umako, who belonged to pro-Buddhist faction, was opposed to the Emperor.
Japanese: 敏達天皇は廃仏派よりであり、廃仏派の物部守屋と中臣氏が勢いづき、それに崇仏派の蘇我馬子が対立すると言う構図になっていた。
English: As a plague broke out when pro-Buddhist SOGA no Umako built a temple to enshrine Buddha statue, MONONOBE no Moriya tried to convince the Emperor to impose prohibition of Buddhism and orderd to burn the Buddha statue and the Buddhist sanctum.
Japanese: 崇仏派の蘇我馬子が寺を建て、仏を祭るとちょうど疫病が発生したため、585年に物部守屋が天皇に働きかけ、仏教禁止令を出させ、仏像と仏殿を燃やさせた。
English: On August 15 (the old calendar) in the same year, he died of serious disease (In Kojiki, it was referred he died in 584).
Japanese: その年の8月15日(旧暦)病が重くなり死去（なお、古事記では没年は584年とされている）。
English: Kauchi no shinaga no nakanoo no misasagi(Taishi Nishiyama Tumulus located in Oaza Taishi, Taishi-cho, minamikawachi-gun, Osaka Prefecture) was presumed to be the Imperial mausoleum of Emperor Bidatsu.
Japanese: 河内磯長中尾陵（太子西山古墳、大阪府南河内郡太子町(大阪府)大字太子）が敏達天皇陵に比定されている。
English: Emperor Yomei (circa 540 - May 21, 587) was the thirty-first Emperor (reigned from October 3, 585, to May 21, 587).
Japanese: 用明天皇（ようめいてんのう、不明欽明天皇元年（540年?）-用明天皇2年4月9日(旧暦)（587年5月21日））は、第31代天皇（在位：敏達天皇14年9月5日(旧暦)（585年10月3日）-用明天皇2年4月9日（587年5月21日））。
English: Tachibana no Toyohi no mikoto (the term mikoto is an honorific for gods and persons of great importance in ancient Japan), who was a paternal younger brother of Emperor Bidatsu, ascended the throne at Ikenohe (or Ikenobe) no miya Imperial palace to govern the whole country when he was 3 years old.
Japanese: 弟（おと）、橘の豊日命、池邊宮に坐しまして、天の下治らしめすこと、三歳（みとせ）なりき。
English: The Emperor married Princess Ohogitashi-hime, a daughter to O-omi (a minister) Iname, and had a son named Prince Tame no miko.
Japanese: この天皇、稲目（いなめ）の大臣の女、意富藝多志比売（おほぎたしひめ）を娶して、生ませる御子、多米（ため）王。
English: Then, the Emperor married his paternal half-sister named Princess Hashihito no anahobe no okimi and had a son named Prince Uetsumiya (also read Kamitsumiya) no Umayado no Toyotomimi no mikoto (also known as Shotoku Taishi).
Japanese: また庶妹開人穴部（ままいもはしひとのあなほべ）王を娶して、生みませる御子、上宮（うえつみや）の厩戸豊聡耳（うまやどのとよとみみ）命。
English: (Following Prince Shotoku, the Emperor had four more children, and by marrying another princess he had two more children, as shown in the records.)
Japanese: （この後、四人の御子が生まれ、また比売（ひめ）を娶り、二人の御子が生まれると記す。）
English: The Imperial mausoleum, which had been in Iware no Ikenoue (the place name Ikenoue in Kanji refers to the present-day Wakigami in Nara prefecture), was transferred to Shinaga.
Japanese: 御陵は石寸（いわれ）の掖上（いけのうえ）にありしを、後に科長（しなが）の中の陵に遷（うつ）しき。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) he is known as Tachibana no Toyohi no sumeramikoto (the term sumeramikoto is an honorific for emperors).
Japanese: 『日本書紀』では、橘豊日天皇（たちばなのとよひのすめらみこと）という。
English: Meanwhile, in some reference and history books, Emperor Yomei's name before his enthronement is referred to as 'Tachibana no Toyohi no miko.'
Japanese: なお、一部の参考書ならびに歴史書では、即位前の用明天皇を「橘豊日皇子（たちばなのとよひのみこ）」と表記しているものがある。
English: The positions of Omuraji (a kabane [hereditary title] that was given to the most powerful administrative ruler in ancient Japan) and O-omi (a highest officer in national politics of the Yamato dynasty) were continuously occupied by MONONOBE no Moriya and SOGA no Umako, respectively.
Japanese: 連（おおむらじ）と大臣（おおおみ）は、物部守屋と蘇我馬子がそのまま引き継いだ。
English: Unlike Emperor Bidatsu, Emperor Yomei was loyal to Buddhism and respected the Buddhist law partly because he was a grandson of pro-Buddhist SOGA no Iname.
Japanese: 敏達天皇とは違い、用明天皇は蘇我稲目の孫と言う事もあり、崇仏派であり仏法を重んじた。
English: On the other hand, MONONOBE no Moriya, who felt a sense of danger as the leader of an anti-Buddhist faction, had close contact with Prince Anahobe, one of the sons of Emperor Kinmei.
Japanese: 一方、危機感を持った廃仏派の筆頭である物部守屋は、欽明天皇の息子の一人である穴穂部皇子と通じていた。
English: However, Emperor Yomei died of smallpox on April 9, 587 (cf. in the "Kojiki" the date of death was April 15 [old lunar calendar]).
Japanese: しかしながら、用明天皇は天然痘のため、在位二年あまりの587年4月9日（古事記では4月15日(旧暦)）に死去した。
English: There are several theories about his age at death, and he reportedly died at the age of either 48 (based on a theory that he was born in 540) or 69 (based on a theory that he was born in 519).
Japanese: 享年には諸説あり、48(欽明天皇元年（540年）出生説)とも69(継体天皇13年（519年）出生説)とも伝えられている。
English: He was initially buried in Iware no ikegami no misasagi (mausoleum) and later reburied in Kochi no shinaga no hara no misasagi (known as Kasuga Mukaiyama Tumulus located in Oaza Kasuga, Taishi-cho, Minamikawachi-gun County, Osaka Prefecture.)
Japanese: 磐余池上陵（いわれのいけがみのみささぎ）に葬られたが後に河内磯長原陵（現・春日向山古墳（大阪府南河内郡太子町大字春日））に改葬された。
English: "Zuisho" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty) vol.81, which is Retsuden (literally, a series of biographies) No.46, describes the ruler of Wa (supposedly, Japan) in the world of Dong Yi (eastern barbarians) (i.e. to the east of China), "whose surname was Ama, courtesy name Tarishihiko, and title okimi," which was later quoted in an article on Japan in the section of Dong Yi of "Shin To-jo" (New book of Tang) as "Yomei, who was Me-tarishihiko, first established diplomatic relations [between China and Japan (N.B. this Japan was allegedly distinguished from the kingdom of Wa)] in the sixth century" (N.B. the meaning of Me in Me-tarishihiko is controversial and some researchers insist that it refers to a navy or army secretary), thus suggesting that Tarishihiko should be identified as Emperor Yomei.
Japanese: 『隋書』卷81　列傳第46　東夷にある俀王「姓阿毎字多利思比孤號阿輩雞彌」は、『新唐書』東夷伝日本伝に「用明亦曰目多利思比孤直隋開皇末始與中國通」とあり用明天皇が多利思比孤であると記述している。
English: One theory has it that Prince Shotoku built Horyu-ji Temple in response to the Emperor Yomei's request, who was ill in bed and wished him to do so for attaining recovery from illness.
Japanese: 聖徳太子による法隆寺の建立は、元々用明天皇の病気平癒のために天皇の願いを受けて太子が寺の建立を誓ったからだという説がある。
English: As the father of Prince Shotoku, he appeared in various stories of the posterity, and Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU in the Edo period, for instance, published a Joruri work 'Yomei Tenno Shokunin Kagami' (The Mirror of Craftsmen of the Emperor Yomei).
Japanese: また、聖徳太子の父ということで後世様々な説話に引用され、江戸時代には近松門左衛門が「用明天皇職人鑑」という浄瑠璃作品を発表している。
English: He was the Emperor whose reign had been the shortest until Emperor Chukyo and Emperor Kobun were posthumously awarded the title of Emperor in 1870.
Japanese: 1870年（明治3年）に仲恭天皇と弘文天皇が追贈されるまで、在位期間が最も短い天皇であった。
English: Emperor Monmu (683 - July 18, 707) was the forty-second Emperor (who reigned from September 7, 697, to July 18, 707).
Japanese: 文武天皇（もんむてんのう、天武天皇11年（683年）-慶雲4年6月15日(旧暦)（707年7月18日））は、日本の第42代天皇（在位：文武天皇元年8月17日(旧暦)（697年9月7日）-慶雲4年6月15日(旧暦)（707年7月18日））。
English: He had two Japanese-style posthumous names: 'Yamato neko toyo oji no sumeramikoto' (the term 'yamato' means Japan and 'sumeramikoto' an emperor) appearing in an entry from "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicles of Japan Continued) dated the year 707 and 'Ama mo mamune toyo oji no sumeramikoto' in an entry from the "Shoku Nihongi" dated the year 797.
Japanese: 和風諡号は2つあり、『続日本紀』の707年（慶雲4年11月12日）に「倭根子豊祖父天皇」と、『続日本紀』797年（延暦16年）に諡された「天之眞宗豊祖父天皇」（あめのまむねとよおほぢのすめらみこと）がある。
English: Since his father, Kusakabe, had died as crown prince before enthronement, Karu should have normally been addressed "王" (referring to male imperial family members) rather than "皇子" (referring to emperor's legitimate sons or emperor's blood brothers), but it may have been due to his grandmother Empress Jito's guardianship that he had supposedly been treated as the latter before he truly became the crown prince.
Japanese: 父草壁は皇太子位のまま亡くなり即位していないため、本来であれば「皇子」ではなく「王」の呼称が用いられるはずだが、祖母である持統天皇の後見もあってか、立太子以前から皇子の扱いを受けていたと思われる。
English: His father, Prince Kusakabe, died in 689 and his uncle, PrinceTakechi (Takechi no miko), also died in 696, and therefore Karu became the Crown Prince in February, 697.
Japanese: 父草壁が689年に亡くなり、696年には伯父にあたる高市皇子も薨じたため、697年2月立太子。
English: It was during the Taiho era (701-704) when the era system, which had only been recorded sporadically until that point, was put into place.
Japanese: 今まで散発的にしか記録されていない元号制度の形が整うのもこの大宝年間である。
English: At present, Kurihara tsukaana-kofun Tumulus in Kurihara, Asuka-mura Village, Nara Prefecture is designated as his mausoleum by the Imperial Household Agency, but a leading hypothesis today claims that Nakaoyama-kofun Tumulus at Hirata in the same village, which is an octagonal tumulus including a stone chamber with a side entrance, as the Emperor Monmu's genuine mausoleum.
Japanese: 現在は宮内庁により奈良県明日香村栗原にある栗原塚穴古墳が陵墓に指定されているが、八角墳であり横口式石槨を持つ同村平田の中尾山古墳を真の文武天皇陵とする意見が有力である。
English: Empress Genmei (also known as Empress Genmyo) (661 – December 29, 721) was the first tenno (emperor) in the Nara period and the forty-third tenno (empress regnant) who reigned from August 18, 707 – October 3, 715).
Japanese: 元明天皇（げんめいてんのう、皇極天皇7年（661年）-養老5年12月7日(旧暦)（721年12月29日））は、奈良時代初代天皇で第43代の天皇で女帝（在位：慶雲4年7月17日(旧暦)（707年8月18日）-和銅8年9月2日(旧暦)（715年10月3日））。
English: Uno no Sarara no himemiko (Empress Jito) was her paternal half-sister, maternal cousin and mother-in-law (her husband's mother).
Japanese: 鸕野讚良皇女（持統天皇）は父方の異母姉妹、母方の従姉妹で、夫の母であるため姑にもあたる。
English: Her Japanese-style posthumous name was Yamato neko amatsu miyo (mishiro) toyokuni narihime no sumeramikoto (the term sumeramikoto means an emperor).
Japanese: 和風諡号は「日本根子天津御代豊國成姫天皇」（やまとねこあまつみよ（みしろ）とよくになりひめのすめらみこと）である。
English: Wado no Hijiri-jinja Shrine' in Kuroya, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, known as the place where wado (Japanese copper) was first discovered, has a pair of male and female centipedes made of Japanese copper which were presented by Empress Genmei and have been enshrined as a votive offering to Shinto gods.
Japanese: 和銅発見の地、埼玉県秩父市黒谷に鎮座する「和銅の聖神社」には、元明天皇御下賜の和銅製の蜈蚣（むかで）雌雄一対が御神宝として納められている。
English: On December 25, 722, Empress Genmei was enshrined together as Genmyo kagane no mikoto (the term mikoto is an honorific for gods or persons of great importance).
Japanese: また、養老6年11月13日（722年12月25日）に元明天皇を元明金尊（げんみょうかがねのみこと）として合祀している。
English: Grandchildren: Obito no miko (Emperor Shomu), Hironari no miko, Hiroyo no miko, Kashiwade no okimi (the term okimi here refers to a status given to emperor's siblings and offspring excluded from the imperial family and regarded as commoners), Katsuragi no okimi, Kagitori no okimi and Kuwata no okimi.
Japanese: 孫：首皇子（聖武天皇）、広成皇子、広世皇子、膳夫王、葛木王、鉤取王、桑田王
English: Around 679, she got married to her nephew, Kusakabe no miko, but he died young before enthronement.
Japanese: 679年頃に甥である草壁皇子と結婚、草壁皇子は即位する事無く早世した。
English: In May, 707, the anniversary of her husband Kusakabe no miko's death (May 22, 707) was designated as a kokki (national day of mourning).
Japanese: 707年4月には夫、草壁皇子の命日（旧暦4月13日）が国忌に入った。
English: However, immediately after that, Emperor Monmu (her son) was taken with illness and died in bed, firmly refusing to admit abdication of the emperorship.
Japanese: しかしその直後息子天皇が病に倒れ、譲位を固辞していた所崩御してしまった。
English: Since the surviving grandchild, Obito no miko (the future Emperor Shomu), was too young, Ahe no himemiko succeeded to the throne to connect the Imperial line, as the first empress who had never been an empress consort before.
Japanese: 残された孫の首（おびと）皇子（後の聖武天皇）はまだ幼かったため、中継ぎとして、初めて皇后を経ないで即位した。