nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In August of 1981, the problem of road usage licensing was reignited; Fukuoka City decided to resume the discussion on the basic 'recognition problem' of street stalls.
Japanese: しかし、1981年8月ごろから道路使用許可問題が再燃し、さらに市の屋台に対する基本認識問題も検討継続となった。
English: In October of 1994, the Fukuoka Prefecture Police proposed rules on ownership of road usage licensing as follows.
Japanese: 1994年10月には、県警が道路使用許可の名義に関して、以下の方針を打ち出した。
English: For street stall businesses, the ownership to road usage licensing's validity is limited to a single individual for the lifetime of the business; any transferred ownership rights in the street stall business, which permitted road usage licensing, would now be restricted to family members or relatives living within the same household.'
Japanese: 「屋台に関しては営業者一代限り、生計を共にする親族以外へは使用許可を受けた屋台の譲渡を認めない。」
English: Since the street stalls were tourist attractions in Fukuoka City, the city loosely tolerated street stall shops which were not in compliance with the restrictive conditions; but the city never officially recognized the existence of such street stalls legally.
Japanese: 福岡市は、屋台は観光資源でもあることから、道路使用許可の条件に満たない屋台の使用許可に関してもなかば黙認していたが、その存在を法的に認めていたわけではなかった。
English: In order to resolve and clear up this gray area of the road usage licensing code, Fukuoka City established an 'investigative commission on the street stall issue' and discussed the basic policy in 1996.
Japanese: このグレーゾーン状態を解消するため、1996年から福岡市は「屋台問題検討会」を発足させ、基本方針を検討。
English: In exchange for legalizing the existence of street stalls as a business entity, Fukuoka City would now establish clearly detailed regulations governing the operations of street stalls; the city stated that, 'street stalls businesses, might be moved or repositioned, if the shops did not meet the guidelines.'
Japanese: 屋台を合法的な存在と認める代わりに、屋台に関する様々な規制を明確化し、要綱に合致しない屋台の移転・再配置を明示した。
English: In the last few years, many local residents have come to dislike street stalls due to the traffic problems they cause, as well as the strong odors created from the food.
Japanese: 近年は、交通の便が悪くなることや、臭うという理由で住民から嫌われることがある。
English: Thus, there were cases of local residents resisting the return of businesses to their prior location, after vendors left temporally due to construction or a special event.
Japanese: 工事やイベントで一時的に営業をやめた屋台が同じところで営業を再開しようとしたのを住民達から阻止されたケースがある。
English: In Taiwan, street stalls open for business in the early morning, and sell items such as: rice porridge, noodles, LuRo Fans, food made from rice, sandwiches, French toast, rice balls, other light meals, soymilk, milk, and coffee.
Japanese: 台湾では、早朝から粥、麺類、魯肉飯、米加工品、サンドイッチ、フレンチトースト、おにぎりなどの軽食と豆乳、牛乳、コーヒーなどを売る屋台がある。
English: Located in the main section of large cities (especially Holo people areas), are street stalls that are open for business inside a Night Market (in Chinese, 夜市, means "night market" and is pronounced as "ye4shi4.") from evening to midnight.
Japanese: 主な都市では（特にホーロー人地区）、夕方以降から深夜にかけてナイトマーケット（中国語：夜市、ye4shi4イエスー）（zh夜市）に屋台が登場する。
English: In Taiwanese, it is called "路邊攤 (meaning "night market", and pronounced as "lou7-piN7-taN3-a2" in Taiwanese)."
Japanese: 台湾語では「路邊攤」（ローピータアー,lou7-piN7-taN3-a2）　と呼ばれる。
English: Some of the following items are sold among the street stalls of the Night Markets: Noodles, deep-fried food, stir-fried dishes, cut fruits, Japanese originated takoyaki (octopus dumplings) dishes, Japanese dessert consisting of two slices of kasutera (Japanese sponge cake) with red bean jam in between, shaved ices (flavored with syrup), Sashimi (fresh slices of raw fish) dishes, Sushi, clothing, and miscellaneous goods.
Japanese: これらの屋台の中には、麺類、揚げ物、炒め物、カット果物、日本起源のたこ焼き、どら焼き、かき氷、刺身、寿司など多様な食品を提供するところもあれば、衣料品や雑貨を売る店もある。
English: Some of the more famous Night Markets are: 'the Shilin Night Market' (Largest scale in northern Taiwan) in the Shilin area of Taipei City, 'the Ningsia Night Market' of Datong District, 'the Huasi Street Night Market' of Wanhua District, 'the Raohe Street Night Market' of Songshan District, 'the Shida Night Market' near the National Taiwan Normal University, 'the Gong Guan Night Market' near the administration building of the National Taiwan Normal University, 'the Le hua Night Market' of Yonghe City in Taipei County, 'Fong Jia Night Market' (the Largest scale in Middle Taiwan) of Taichung City, and 'the Liu He Night Market' of Kaohsiung City.
Japanese: 有名な夜市として、台北市士林地区の「士林夜市」（北台湾最大規模）、大同区の「寧夏夜市」、萬華区の「華西街夜市」、松山区の「饒河街夜市」、台湾師範大学近くの「師大夜市」、台湾大学本部近くの「公館夜市」、台北県永和市の「楽華夜市」、台中市の「逢甲夜市」（中台湾最大規模）、高雄市の「六合夜市」などがある。
English: On the mainland of People's Republic of China, there are street stalls similar in style to Taiwan, but the foods served in the shops of the street stalls in mainland China differ and are dependant on location.
Japanese: 中華人民共和国の本土でも、台湾に似た形態の屋台が見られるが、売る食品は地域ごとに異なる。
English: For example, foods commonly seen in Beijing City are: Tianjin Jianbing (Tianjin style egg crepe or pancake), roasted sweet potatoes, boiled corn, and broiled sweet chestnuts.
Japanese: たとえば、北京市でみかける食品では、天津煎餅、焼き芋、ゆでトウモロコシ、甘栗などが多い。
English: In the evening, there are places for large scale markets to open their businesses upon sidewalks; these market places sell clothing and miscellaneous goods, and there are other market locations; this is where the street stalls serve food in streets temporarily closed to vehicle traffic.
Japanese: 地域によっては、夕方以降、歩道や広場を使って衣料品、雑貨類を販売する大規模な市場が現れたり、歩行者天国状態にした、食品の屋台街が現れる場所もある。
English: In Hong Kong, a street stall is called a '大牌檔 (meaning "street stall," and can be pronounced as 'Dai Pai Dong' in Cantonese)' serving Chinese food (Mainly Cantonese food) such as noodle dishes, rice porridge and stir-fried dishes.
Japanese: 香港では、「大牌檔（広東語ダーイパーイドン）（zh大牌檔）」と呼ばれる屋台が、麺類、粥、炒め物などの中華料理（広東料理が中心）を出している。
English: Another type of mobile shop that is permitted, is one that uses motor vehicles, but this shop type is not common, unlike Japan; the expense in obtaining a license permit is very high; and the places of operation for these motorized stalls is very limited.
Japanese: ほかに、自動車を利用した移動販売店舗も認められるが、許可取得に要する費用が高く、営業できる場所も制限を受けるため、日本のように一般的ではない。
English: On some occasions, street stall carts use attached propane gas to cook food operate their businesses serving food such as; stew and deep-fried food at street corners, but basically, these sellers operate without licenses.
Japanese: これ以外に、プロパンガスコンロを仕込んだカートを使って、煮込み料理、揚げ物などを売る業者が街角に現れることがあるが、基本的に無資格販売である。
English: Therefore, the shop vendors would need to run away, along with their carts, if a police patrol were to come down the street.
Japanese: 警官がパトロールに現れると、カートを押しながらクモの子を散らすように逃げる姿が見られる。
English: Another famous example, of street stalls operating their businesses at night time streets are, Temple Street and Sai Yeung Choi Street (Woman street), but these shops only sell clothing and miscellaneous goods.
Japanese: 夜に道路を利用して店舗を出す例では、廟街や西洋菜街（女人街）が有名であるが、衣料品や雑貨の販売に限られる。
English: Japanese people tend to subcategorize street stalls in Japan as a light meal for festivals, or a simple night time bar; but street stalls in Southeast Asia are businesses which are more closely intertwined with the daily lives of common people.
Japanese: 日本では屋台は祭りの軽食や、あるいは夜の簡易酒場といった位置づけになりがちなのに対し、東南アジアでは屋台は庶民の生活により密着した存在である。
English: Street stalls open for business at lunch time, some shops sell take out food; many shops setup simple tables and chairs for their customers, serving conventional food.
Japanese: 昼食から営業し、持ち帰り用、あるいはその場で簡単な椅子とテーブルを備え本格的な料理を供する場合が多い。
English: Subsequently, much of the food offered is very tasteful, and satisfies customers (Mamak stall).
Japanese: そのため、一般的に値段が安く、味も満足のいく場合が多い（Mamakstall）。
English: There are a variety of foods from street stalls serving Thai cuisine such as Khao Man Kai (Chicken and Rice), Khao Ka Moo (Pork Leg with Rice), Pad Thai (Fried Thai Noodles), Chinese-style fried rice, Gai Yang (Grilled Chicken), Kao Na Pad Yang (Duck on Rice Bed), Ba-Mee (Egg Noodles), Kway Teow (Rice Noodle), Thai Curry, and Tom Yum Goong (Hot and Sour Prawn Soup); Chinese food such as dim sum (Chinese snacks) and Bak Kut Teh (Pork Bone Tea Soup); Indian food such as curry; and Arab cuisine such as Kabob.
Japanese: カオマンガイ、カオカムー、パッタイ、炒飯、ガイヤーン、カオナッペ、バミー、クイティアオ、タイ風カレー、トムヤンクンなどのタイ料理から場所によっては点心やパクテーなどの中華料理、カレーなどのインド料理やケバブなどのアラブ料理などがある。
English: Simple street stalls sell a variety of items, such as; fruits, Gai Yang (Grilled Chicken), freshly squeezed orange juice, and many other drinks.
Japanese: 簡易屋台でも果物、ガイヤーン、生絞りオレンジジュースなどの飲料など様々なものが売られている。
English: A distinct characteristic of Thailand's street stalls are shops selling insect dishes and Isaan cuisine, such as Yakionigiri (a grilled rice ball).
Japanese: が、特徴的なもので昆虫食や焼きおにぎりのようなものなど、イサーン料理を起源とするものもある。
English: Thai cuisines street stalls sell: Pad Thai (Fried Thai Noodles), Khao Man Kai (chicken and Rice), Kao Na Pad Yang (Duck on a Rice Bed), Khao Ka Moo (Pork Leg with Rice), Kao Pad (Fried Rice), Tom Yum Goong (Hot and Sour Prawn Soup), Thai Curry, Gai Yang (Grilled Chicken), and Pak Boong Fai Daeng (Stir Fried Water Spinach).
Japanese: パッタイ、カオマンガイ、カオナッペ、カオカムー、カオパット、トムヤンクン、タイ風カレー、ガイヤーン、空心菜炒め
English: Fruits street stalls sell items such as: Watermelons (red and yellow), papayas, mangos (mature and green), pineapples, guavas, jackfruits, cantaloupes, melons, oranges, grapefruits, dragon fruits (white and red), rambutans, mangosteens, durians, carambolas (also known as starfruit), grapes, apples, and other fruits.
Japanese: スイカ（赤、黄色）、パパイヤ、マンゴー（熟したもの、青色）、パイナップル、グアバ、ジャックフルーツ、カンタループ、メロン、オレンジ、グレープフルーツ、ドラゴンフルーツ（白、赤）、ランブータン、マンゴスチン、ドリアン、スターフルーツ、ブドウ、りんごなど
English: Confectionery street stalls sell the following: Sweetened Khao Neow (sticky rice), rice snacks such as arare (cubic rice crackers), Khao Neow with jackfruit, takoyaki (octopus dumplings), Khanom Krok (Coconut-Rice Pancakes), Zhimaqiu (Sesame Balls), Puek Tod (Fried Taro Chips), Fried Taro, waffles (with coconut and corn inside), popcorn, and Khao Neow cooked in a bamboo steamer basket.
Japanese: 甘いカオニャオ（もち米）、アラレのような米菓子、カオニャオ＋ジャックフルーツ、たこ焼き、たこ焼き風タマゴ、中華風ゴマ団子、タロイモチップ、揚げタロイモ、ワッフル類（ココナッツ入り、コーン入り）、ポップコーン、竹で炊いたカオニャオ
English: Nam Kang Sai (shaved iced desert) has many flavored toppings (mixings) as follows: adzuki beans, boiled pumpkin, pineapple, coconut, tapioca, nata de coco, jellies (green, black, and cherry like flavor (shape)), beans (transparent beans and adzuki beans), bean-sticky rice, taros, sweet potatoes, and other toppings.
Japanese: 小豆、湯でカボチャ、パイナップル、ココナッツ、タピオカ、ナタデココ、ゼリー類｛緑、黒、サクランボ状｝、豆類（透明、小豆）、豆もち米、タロイモ、サツマイモなど
English: Thai street stalls sell: Thai Milk Tea, coffee, iced coffee, espresso, tea, iced tea, Ovaltine (chocolate malt drink), MILO (chocolate malt drink), cocoa, soymilk and other drinks.
Japanese: タイ風ミルクティー、コーヒー、アイスコーヒー、エスプレッソ、ティー、アイスティー、オバルティン、ミロ、ココア、豆乳など
English: Thai street stalls sell various juices: Banana juice, watermelon juice, melon juice, pineapple juice, longan juice, coconut juice, mango juice, papaya juice, freshly squeezed orange juice, guava juice, kiwi fruit juice, and other juices.
Japanese: バナナ、スイカ、メロン、パイナップル、メロン、ロンガン、ココナッツ、マンゴー、パパイヤ、生絞りオレンジ、グアバ、キウイフルーツなど
English: Thai smoothies have starchy black round grains, requiring the customers to drink it with a larger diameter straw.
Japanese: でんぷんの塊のような黒く丸い粒が入っていて、太めのストローで吸って飲む
English: Malaysian street stalls sell: Malaysian cuisine such as: Nasi Goreng (Indonesian Fried Rice), Mi Goreng (Indonesian Fried Noodles), Nasi Ayam (Chicken Rice), Ayam Goreng (Fried Chicken), and Soto Ayam (Chicken Noodle Soup); there is Nyonya Cuisine such as Laksa (Curry Based Noodle Dish); there is Indian food such as: Curry, Naan, and Roti (Indian Flatbreads); there is Chinese food such as: Chinese-style fried rice, dim sum (Chinese snacks), and Bak Kut Teh (Pork Bone Tea Soup).
Japanese: ナシゴレン、ミーゴレン、ナシアヤム、アヤムゴレン、ソトアヤムなどのマレー料理、ラクサなどのニョニャ料理、カレー、ナン、ロティなどのインド料理、炒飯、点心、パクテーなどの中華料理などがあげられる。
English: Malaysian simple street stalls sell: Fruits such as a watermelon, pineapple, papaya; Juice such as: Orange juice, coconut juice, and longan juice; Beverages such as soymilk; there are other foods such as: fish paste chips and yakitori (grilled chicken).
Japanese: 簡易な屋台ではスイカ、パイナップル、パパイヤなどの果物、オレンジ、ココナッツ、ロンガンなどのジュースや豆乳などの飲料、魚のすり身のチップスや焼き鳥など様々なものが売られている。
English: French street stalls sell a variety of light meals, but many of the meals are sweetened light snacks like: Ice cream, crepes, gaufre ("Gaufre" is a French word for waffles); this originated in Belgium.
Japanese: フランスの屋台はさまざまな軽食を扱うが、クレープ、ベルギーに端を発するゴーフル（ワッフル）、アイスクリームなど、甘味の軽食が多い。
English: However, there are French street stalls that serve conventional dishes such as: Moules Frites (mussel steamed with white wine and French fries (fried potatoes)).
Japanese: しかし中には本格的な食事を供す屋台もあり、ムールフリット（ムール貝を白ワインで蒸したものにフライドポテトが付く）などを扱っている店もある。
English: In addition, there are street stalls in France owned by immigrants, serving snack foods originating in the Middle East, such as Lebanese cuisine; also another popular immigrants food is Chinese cuisine, such as dim sum (Chinese snacks).
Japanese: そのほかレバノン料理など中東のスナック、あるいは中華の点心などを扱う移民系の屋台も見られる。
English: These immigrant street stall owners operate as delicatessens along side the vegetable and fish stores of the daily morning market.
Japanese: これらは朝市で八百屋や魚屋の屋台に混ざって総菜屋として機能していることも多い。
English: During winter season, street stalls sell roasted chestnuts and grilled corn in folksy areas in the northeastern part of Paris such as: Montmartre and Ménilmontant, adding a special seasonal feature to the City.
Japanese: 冬季の焼き栗や焼きとうもろこしの屋台はモンマルトルやメニルモンタンなどパリ北東部の庶民的地区の風物詩でもある。
English: Street stalls sell not only sweet flavored crepes with jams, but also salty flavored crepes, like ham and cheese.
Japanese: ジャムなどの甘い味付けだけでなくハムやチーズといった塩味の軽食も扱っている。
English: The French crepes of street stalls, originated from galette (crepes made with buckwheat) in the Normandy and Bretagne regions, but not all French street stalls sell buckwheat crepes.
Japanese: これらはノルマンディーやブルターニュ地方のガレット（そば粉のクレープ）に端を発するが、現在街角で見られるクレープの屋台が全てそば粉のガレットを扱っているとは限らない。
English: Rather, crepes characterized with a distinctive regional taste, would generally be served in specialized light snack restaurants.
Japanese: むしろそのような地域の特徴を出したクレープはそれ専門の軽食レストランなどで供されるのが一般的である。
English: During Christmas season, a Christmas market (in French, "Marché du Noël"), many street stalls are constructed from wood, built in the central plaza of a town to sell food and small articles (items).
Japanese: クリスマス期にはクリスマス市（フランス語：マルシェ・デュ・ノエルMarchéduNoël）として町の中心広場などに木組みの仮設屋台が多く立ち、食べ物や小物などが売られる。
English: These small articles for sale in the street stalls are: Wood carved dolls and Christmas tree ornaments; then there are food street stalls for selling pound cakes with special Christmas decorations, and hot wine.
Japanese: 小物としては木彫りの人形やクリスマスツリーの飾りなど、食べ物ではクリスマス用に特に飾りつけたパンケーキやホットワインなどが特に多く見られる。
English: Yukaku was a block enclosed with walls and moats where licensed prostitute houses were concentrated.
Japanese: 遊廓（ゆうかく）は、公許の遊女屋を集め、周囲を塀や堀などで囲った区画。
English: In the Edo period, other than Yukaku licensed by the government, there were partly-admitted Meshimori hatago (inn where a woman provide food and service) in an inn town and whorehouses called Okabasho in a temple town.
Japanese: 江戸時代、公許の遊廓以外には、宿場町にあって半ば公認の飯盛旅籠や、門前町などには岡場所（おかばしょ）と呼ばれる私娼窟があった。
English: Under the control and protection of the official authority, brothels were packed in one place as Yukaku after the early-modern times.
Japanese: 権力の統制と保護を受け、遊郭として1箇所に集められるのは、近世以降のことである。
English: During the reign of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Saburozaemon HARA and Mataichiro HAYASHI in Kyoto asked for the construction of Yukaku and obtained his permission.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉の治世に、遊郭を設けるため京の原三郎左衛門と林又一郎が願い出を秀吉にしており許可を得ている。
English: Five years later (1589), Yukaku was also constructed in Nijoyanagi-cho, Kyoto.
Japanese: その5年後（1589年天正17年）には、京都、二条柳町に遊廓が作られた。
English: Yukaku in Osaka and Kyoto moved to Shinmachi (Shinmachi Yukaku) and Suzakuno (Shimabara Yukaku), respectively, in the early 17th century.
Japanese: 大阪と京都の遊廓は17世紀前半に、それぞれ新町（新町遊廓）と朱雀野（島原遊廓）に移転した。
English: Prostitute houses were moved from Nichomachi Yukaku in Sunpu (present-day Shizuoka City) to near Ningyo-cho, Nihonbashi, which was called Yoshiwara Yukaku.
Japanese: 駿府（今の静岡市）の二丁町遊郭から遊女屋が移され、日本橋人形町付近に遊郭がつくられ、吉原遊廓と呼ばれた。
English: The Yukaku near Ningyo-cho is called former Yoshiwara and the one near Nihonzutsumi is called new Yoshiwara.
Japanese: 人形町付近のものを元吉原、日本堤付近に新設されたものを新吉原とも言う。
English: Shinmachi Yukaku that had Yugiri tayu (the highest ranked courtesan) in Osaka, Shimabara Yukaku that had Yoshino Tayu in Kyoto and Yoshiwara Yukaku that had Takao tayu in Edo were called three major red-light districts (another opinion includes Maruyama Yukaku in Nagasaki (Nagasaki City).
Japanese: 大阪の夕霧太夫のいる新町遊廓、京都の吉野太夫のいる嶋原、江戸の高尾太夫のいる吉原の遊廓は、三大遊廓（長崎・丸山(長崎市)を入れる説もある）と呼称された。
English: The largest Yukaku was Yoshiwara, and it is said that it had nearly 300 prostitute houses when new Yoshiwara was completed.
Japanese: 最大の遊廓は江戸の吉原で、新吉原ができた頃には300軒近い遊女屋があったと言われている。
English: Maruyama Yukaku was established in Nagasaki City, which flourished as the only one window to the West during the period of national isolation, around 1639.
Japanese: 鎖国時、唯一の西洋との窓口として栄えた長崎市に、丸山遊郭が誕生したのは1639年（寛永16年）ごろ。
English: Saikaku IHARA wrote in Nihon Eitaigura as follows: 'if there isn't Maruyama in Nagasaki, silver will safely arrive at Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area), so the business of 爰通ひ, concerns at sea and unpredictable love wind are feared.'
Japanese: 井原西鶴は日本永代蔵に「長崎に丸山という処なくば、上方銀無事に帰宅すべし、爰通ひの商い、海上の気遣いの外、いつ時を知らぬ恋風恐ろし」と記した。
English: Kyoto Shimabara, Fushimi Ebisu-cho (Shumoku-machi), Fushimiyanagi-cho, Otsu Baba-cho, Suruga Fuchu, Edo Sanya (Yoshiwara), Tsuruga Rokkenmachi, Mikuni Matsushiya, Nara 鴨川木辻, Yamato Seko-mura Shinyashiki, Sakai Kitatakasu-machi, Sakai Minamitsumori, Osaka Hyotan-cho (Shinmachi), Hyogo Iso-cho, Sado Ayukawa, Ishimi Onsen, Harima 室小野町, Bizen 鞆有磯町, Hiroshima 多々海, Miyajima Shinmachi, Shimonoseki Inarimachi, Hakata Yanagimachi, Nagasaki Maruyamamachi and Yoriaimachi, Bizen Kabashima and Satsuma 山鹿野田町 (Yamaganokinzan).
Japanese: 京島原、伏見夷町（撞木町）、伏見柳町、大津馬場町、駿河府中、江戸山谷（吉原）、敦賀六軒町、三国松下、奈良鴨川木辻、大和小網新屋敷、堺北高洲町、堺南津守、大坂瓢箪町（新町）、兵庫磯町、佐渡鮎川、石見温泉、播磨室小野町、備後鞆有磯町、広島多々海、宮島新町、下関稲荷町、博多柳町、長崎丸山町寄合町、肥前樺島、薩摩山鹿野田町（山ヶ野金山）
English: In the early Edo period, Yukaku was a place of transmission of culture as well as the representative place of amusements.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期、遊廓は代表的な娯楽の場であり、文化の発信地でもあった。
English: The highest ranked courtesans (Geisho) were called tayu, oiran, etc. and provided service for wealthy townspeople, court nobles, samurai, etc.
Japanese: 上級の遊女（芸娼）は太夫（たゆう）や花魁（おいらん）などと呼ばれ、富裕な町人や、武家・公家を客とした。
English: After the mid- Edo period, Okabasho other than Yukaku flourished despite repeated crackdowns.
Japanese: 江戸中期以降は度々の取締りを受けながらも、遊廓以外の岡場所が盛んになった。
English: In 1872, the newly inaugurated Meiji government issued the Emancipation Decree for Female Performers and Prostitutes, but it had little effect on the real situation.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）、成立したばかりの明治政府によって芸娼妓解放令が発令されたが、実態はほとんど変わらなかった。
English: With the progress of urbanization, however, the existence of Yukaku was acknowledged as a problem and some red-light districts were forced to move to the suburbs, etc. (e.g. Nezu Yukaku near the University of Tokyo was transferred to Susaki Paradise, Fukagawa)
Japanese: ただし都市化の進展と共に、遊廓の存在が問題になり、郊外などへ移転させられる事例もあった（例：東京大学の近くにあった根津遊郭が深川の洲崎パラダイスに移転、など）
English: In 1946 after World War II, the Licensed Prostitution System was abolished under the policy of the General Headquarters (GHQ), but the red-light districts became areas commonly known as 'Akasen' where almost the same service was provided by changing their exterior trade signs to Cafe or fancy Japanese-style restaurant.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後の1946年（昭和21年）には連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の政策により公娼制度が廃止されるが、カフェーや料亭などと看板を変えて、ほぼそのまま「赤線」の通称で呼ばれる地域になった。
English: The Anti-Prostitution Law was enacted in 1956, and with the enforcement of this Law, the history of Yukaku as a red-light district completely ended up on March 31, 1958.
Japanese: 1956年、売春防止法が成立し、1958年3月31日、同法の施行と共に公娼地域としての遊廓の歴史は、完全に幕を閉じることになった。
English: No authorized prostitute streets exist at present, but there are some areas, such as Tobitashinchi in Osaka, where prostitute houses continue to provide the same services as before 1958, under the pretext of free love between a customer and a maid in a private room, by transforming themselves into a Japanese-style hotel outwardly.
Japanese: 現在公認の娼婦街はないが、大阪の飛田新地など、表向き料理旅館に転向したものの、客と仲居との個室内での自由恋愛の名目の元に、1958年以前と変わらない営業を継続している地域もいくつかある。
English: Also, like Yoshiwara in Tokyo, some of the former prostitute streets became areas in which brothels where one can bathe with the prostitutes and adult-entertainment business are concentrated and provide prostitution services as if they were officially approved prostitute areas.
Japanese: また、東京の吉原(東京都)のように、かつての公娼街がその後もソープランドや風俗営業の多く集まる地域となり、公娼地域まがいに営業を続けている所などもある。
English: In addition to the Imperial family, officials appointed by the emperor (ministers [Japan], senior government official, military men, etc.) as well as foreign ambassadors were invited to the Imperial court to celebrate the banquet for the New Year on a grand scale.
Japanese: 皇族のほか、親任官（大臣(日本)、高級官僚、軍人など）、外国の公大使などが宮中に招かれ、新年の祝賀として盛大に宴会が行われた。
English: Shinnen Enkai originates from Ganjitsu no Sechi-e (Court ritual of Reception and Audience of Politicians) which used to be held in the Imperial court from Nara period.
Japanese: 新年宴会は、奈良時代から宮中で行われていた元日の節会（がんじつのせちえ）に由来するものである。
English: As there are many events taking place in the Imperial court on the New Year's day, the banquet was moved to January 5 since 1872 and named "Shinnen Enkai."
Japanese: 元日には宮中で色々な行事が行われることから、1872年（明治5年）より1月5日に移され、「新年宴会」という名称とした。
English: From 1872 through 1874, it was held over two days from January 5 to 6; however, it was held only one day on January 5 since 1875.
Japanese: 1872年から1874年（明治7年）までは1月5日・6日の2日に渡っていたが、1875年（明治8年）から5日のみになった。
English: Okage mairi refers to mass pilgrimages to the Ise-jingu Shrine, made in the Edo period.
Japanese: お蔭参り（おかげまいり）とは、江戸時代に起こった伊勢神宮への集団参詣運動。
English: The most distinctive feature of the okage mairi lay in the fact that servants and children would make a pilgrimage without receiving permission from their masters and parents respectively.
Japanese: お蔭参りの最大の特徴として、奉公人などが主人に無断で、または子供が親に無断で参詣したことにある。
English: As they became popular, the pilgrimage spread almost throughout Honshu (the main island of Japan), Shikoku, and Kyushu, but was not widely accepted in areas where the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) was dominant.
Japanese: 流行時にはおおむね本州、四国、九州の全域に広がったが、浄土真宗地域には広まりにくかった傾向がある。
English: Okage mairi, as well as other pilgrimages, was accompanied by many folktales, such as one about the dead coming back to life, and there were sometimes stories where followers of the Shinshu sect who refused to join the pilgrimage were punished by God.
Japanese: 死人が生き返ったなど、他の巡礼にも付き物の説話は数多くあるが、巡礼を拒んだ真宗教徒が神罰を受ける話がまま見られる。
English: Court nobles, families that owned and resided in temples, as well as samurai families, would make an incantation and pray at Ise-jingu Shrine which as dedicated to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess), wars during the medieval period devastated the shrine precinct, leading to the complete destruction of the shrine, such that the deity could not be transferred to a new shrine building, which was supposed to be performed once every prescribed number of years.
Japanese: 天照大神の神社として公家・寺家・武家が加持祈祷を行っていた伊勢神宮だったが、中世の戦乱の影響で領地を荒らされ、式年遷宮が行えないほど荒廃していた。
English: In order to rebuild the Ise-jingu Shrine, onshi who performed rituals of the shrine focused on Toyouke no Okami (Grand Divine Toyouke) enshrined in the geku (the outer shrine) and performed missionary work in various areas, such as distributing calendars, to encourage peasants to visit the Ise-jingu Shrine.
Japanese: その伊勢神宮を建て直すため、神宮で祭司を執り行っていた御師は外宮に祀られている豊受大神に目をつけ、農民に伊勢神宮へ参拝してもらうようにカレンダーを配るなど各地へ布教するようになった。
English: After the Edo period, Go-kaido Roads (five highways) and other traffic networks were developed to make pilgrimage easier than before.
Japanese: 江戸時代以降は五街道を初めとする交通網が発達し、参詣が以前より容易となった。
English: As the world became settled, the pilgrimage came to be aimed mainly to gain benefit in this world instead of salvation in the afterlife, and also came to contain the purpose of sightseeing.
Japanese: 世の中が落ち着いたため、巡礼の目的は来世の救済から現世利益が中心となり、観光の目的も含むようになった。