nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Moreover, since this way allows the archer to shoot the enemy immediately by employing this body pose on the battlefield, it is advantageous for the archer anchored in the frontal facing posture, to set up the bow.
Japanese: また戦場での体勢で即座に敵を射る為に、矢を番えた弓を体の左斜め前方で構える事が有利であるのも理由である。
English: Usually in the Japanese bow, regardless of the archer's dominant hand, is pushed by the left hand and the bowstring is pulled by the right hand.
Japanese: なお、和弓では利き手にかかわらず、弓は左手で押し、弦は右手で引くのが通常である。
English: It is thought that, this facilitates the training of archers in group, and because of the unified standards, bow and arrows, could be mass-produced.
Japanese: これは、弓兵を集団で訓練し運用する事を容易にし、また規格を統一する事で弓具を大量生産する為の名残であると考えられる。
English: As a starting point for samurai who in fact engage in combat on the battlefield, the Heki school has contributed much to the refining archery techniques.
Japanese: 武士が戦場での実戦を出発点として磨き上げてきた弓術、それが日置流である。
English: The founder of the Heki school is said to be Masatsugu Danjo HEKI (date of birth and death unknown), who is described as 'the founder of restored archery in my country Japan' in "Honcho Bugei Shoden" (a survey of traditional Japanese martial arts).
Japanese: 日置流は、「吾国弓術中興始祖也」（『本朝武芸小伝』）と称される日置弾正正次（生没年不詳）を祖とする。
English: There are many uncertainties about him: some says he was a real existing person; some says he is fictitious; some say he is the same person as Shigekata YOSHIDA of the Yoshida school.
Japanese: しかし、その経歴については不明な点も多く、実在説、架空人物説、吉田流初代・吉田重賢と同一人物とする説などがある。
English: One of the best pupils of Danjo HEKI was Shigekata YOSHIDA; thereafter, the teachings were chiefly succeeded to the Yoshida clan, and it was also known as the Yoshida style, however now, except for a certain segment, it is often called the Heki school.
Japanese: 日置弾正の高弟の一人に吉田重賢がおり、以後主に吉田氏により継承されたので吉田流ともいうが、現在では一部を除き日置流と呼ぶ場合が多い。
English: It is said that, Shigekata YOSHIDA (also called Tarozaemon, Kozukenosuke, Izumo no kami (chief of Izumo Province), his title was Doho)(1463 - 1543) was a retainer of the Rokkaku clan which was a daimyo of the Minami Omi region during the Sengoku Period, and it is also said that Shigekata YOSHIDA based his activities around Kawamori Castle (present day Kawamori, Ryuo-cho).
Japanese: 吉田重賢（太郎左衛門・上野介・出雲守など、号：道宝）（寛正4年（1463）-天文(元号)12年（1543））は南近江の戦国大名六角氏家臣で、川守城（現竜王町川守）を本拠としていたと伝わる。
English: Like the Rokkaku clan, which is the main family, the Yoshida clan is a clan of Omi-Genji (the Minamoto clan) (the Sasaki clan); it starts from Genshu, the younger brother of Sadatsuna SASAKI, who was following MINAMOTO no Yoritomo taking an active part.
Japanese: 吉田氏は主家の六角氏と同じ近江源氏（佐々木氏）の一族で、源頼朝に従って活躍した佐々木定綱らの弟厳秀に始まる。
English: The Yoshida clan was also under the Amago clan (branch family of the Sasaki clan), which was a feudal lord (daimyo) of Sanin during the provincial wars; it is said to be the same clan.
Japanese: 山陰の戦国大名尼子氏（佐々木氏支族）配下にも吉田氏がおり、同族ともいう。
English: In the family tree of the Yoshida clan (submitted by a direct retainer of the shogun Insai school soke - head of the Insai school) of Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu (genealogies of vassals in the Edo Bakufu) edited during late Edo period, concerning the origin, it was written, 'Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan), an illegitimate family lineage of the Sasaki family. According to present's accepted genealogy, it is said to be from Genshu YOSHIDA.'
Japanese: 江戸時代後期に編纂された寛政重修諸家譜の吉田氏系図（印西派宗家の旗本吉田氏が提出したもの）には、出自について「宇多源氏　佐々木庶流　今の呈譜に吉田厳秀より出るといふ。」とある。
English: Concerning Shigetaka, it is written, 'A certain Izumo no kami (chief of Izumo Province). According to present's accepted genealogy, Tarozaemon Shimotsuke no kami Shigemasa.
Japanese: 重賢については「某（註：諱不明の意）　出雲守　今の呈譜、太郎左衛門下野守重政〔ママ〕につくる。
English: Although there were many disciples of Toyohide, only Izumo no kami succeeded the private handed-down techniques of Toyohide's family because of his excellence.
Japanese: 豊秀が門人多しといへども、出雲守ひとりその妙をうるがゆへに、豊秀家伝をつがしむ。
English: His the only son Shigemasa (1484 - 1569) (Sukezaemon, Izumo no kami (chief of Izumo Province), his title was Ichio) who succeeded after Shigetaka.
Japanese: 重賢の後は嫡子重政（助左衛門・出雲守、号一鴎）（文明(日本)16年（1484）-永禄12年（1569））が継承した。
English: During the years of Emperor Tenbun, Shigemasa was requested by Yoshikata ROKKAKU to teach his family secret techniques, but he refused and put him under the protection of the Asakura clan of Echizen.
Japanese: 天文(元号)年間頃、重政は主君の六角義賢から家伝の伝受を求められるが、これを拒み、一時越前の朝倉氏の下に身を寄せた。
English: It is said that at this period of trouble, Shigemasa was afraid that his family secret techniques might be lost, so he taught them to their fourth son Shigekatsu and sent him to Kyoto.
Japanese: この騒動時に、家伝が絶えることを危惧した重政は、四男の重勝に家伝を授け京都に移らせたという。
English: The manual of secret techniques was returned to Shigemasa's only son Shigetaka by Yoshikata, so the family manual was again being handed down in the Yoshida clan.
Japanese: 重政の嫡子重高には義賢から返伝がなされ、家伝は再び吉田氏で継承された。
English: Thereafter, the Izumo school spun off a lot of sub-schools; the spin-off sects were so numerous that, together with Dosetsu school (which is a spin-off from the Sekka school), they were called Kyu-ryu Juppa (nine schools, ten sects).
Japanese: 以後、出雲派からは分派が多く生じ、雪荷派分派の道雪派などともに九流十派などと呼ばれるほど多くの分派が生じた。
English: It is also said that Josei, a student of Shigemasa and Masatsugu Danjo HEKI were related to the origin of another Noritsugu Yazaemon HEKI.
Japanese: 如成は重政の弟子とも、日置弾正とは別の日置弥左衛門範次（伊賀の人と伝わる）を祖とする流れを汲むともいう。
English: The influence of the Heki school has been tremendous, thereafter almost all the archery depended on it.
Japanese: 日置流の影響は非常に強く、以降の弓術はほとんど日置流に依ったと言っても過言ではない。
English: Moreover, although there were many archery sects with various names established after the Heki school, most of these are related to the system of the Heki school.
Japanese: また日置流後に成立した弓術流派も様々な名称のものがあったが、多くは日置流の系譜に連なるものである。
English: During the Edo period, each domain employed its own grand master of archery, however, they were mostly archers from the Heki school.
Japanese: 江戸時代、各藩は弓術師範を召し抱えたが、それらのほとんどは日置流の射手であった。
English: There are various opinions about how the sects were spun off, according to some representative theories, some sects are as follows:
Japanese: 分派については諸説あるが、代表的な説に基づいていくつかの派を挙げる。
English: The only son of Shigemasa YOSHIDA, Shigetaka YOSHIDA (Sukezaemon, Izumo no kami (chief of Izumo Province), his title was Roteki) (1508 - 1585) was the founder.
Japanese: 吉田重政の嫡子、吉田重高（助左衛門・出雲守、号：露滴）（永正5年（1508）-天正13年（1585））を祖とする。
English: As for the above-mentioned details, the family secret manual of the Yoshida clan was handed down to master Yoshikata ROKKAKU, but Yoshikata returned it to Shigetaka.
Japanese: 上述の経緯で、吉田氏の家伝は主君六角義賢が継承していたが、重高は義賢から返伝を受けた。
English: After Yoshikata, it was succeeded to descendants of the Sukezaemon family, from the generations of juryomei (acceptance name) after Shigekata, it was called the Izumo school.
Japanese: 重高以後は子孫の助左衛門家で継承され、重賢ら代々の受領名から出雲派と呼ばれた。
English: Although this is the legitimate system of the Yoshida family, there are also opinions that technically, it is mainly a Sekka school.
Japanese: この系統は吉田家の嫡流ではあるが、技術的には雪荷派が本流とする見解もある。
English: Shigetaka's only son Shigetsuna (Sukezaemon, his title was Kao, Kao or Doshun) (1554 - 1582) passed away (before his father) at the age of 28.
Japanese: 重高の嫡男重綱（助左右衛門、号華翁・花翁・道春）（天文(元号)23年（1554）-天正10（1582））は父に先立ち28歳で没する。
English: According to "Meiryo-kohan historical records," because Shigetsuna's only son Toyotaka was too young, the information had been entrusted to the son-in-law Shigeuji YOSHIDA (Insai school so - founder of Insai school). However, it is said there was a quarrel because the manual was not returned to Toyotaka after he grew up.
Japanese: 『明良洪範』によれば、重綱の嫡子豊隆は幼少であったため、婿の吉田重氏（印西派祖）に伝書類が預けられていたが、豊隆成長後に返伝がなされず騒動になったという。
English: The descendants also served the Abe clan from generation to generation, with the changing the territory, they were transferred to the domain of Bingo-Fukuyama, and they even served as Karo (chief retainers).
Japanese: 子孫も代々阿部氏に仕え、転封により備後福山藩に移り、家老職も務めた。
English: The system of techniques was passed down until the Meiji era; the clan chief Toyotoki during the late Edo era, besides serving the clan chiefs after Masahiro ABE as a teacher, he also served as administrator, and Seishikan Monbu Sosai (literary and military arts president of Seishikan, school of the Fukuyama domain) of schools in the feudal domains.
Japanese: 道統は明治まで継承され、幕末の当主豊辰は阿部正弘以降の藩主の師範を務めたほか、執政・藩校誠之館文武総裁を務めた（『三百藩家臣人名事典』）。
English: Besides Fukuyama, it also spread to the branch family of the Abe clan (domain of Kariya, domain of Sanuki) and domain of Yonezawa.
Japanese: 福山以外には阿部氏分家（刈谷藩のち佐貫藩主）、米沢藩などにも伝わった。
English: From the students of Shigetaka, it ramified to the Yamashina school, Sakonemon, and Daishin school, and from the students of Shigetsuna, it ramified to Jutoku school, and Insai school.
Japanese: 重高門下から山科派、左近衛門、大心派、重綱門下から寿徳派、印西派が分派した。
English: Shigetaka YOSHIDA's student Ietsugu KATAOKA (Heiemon) and his grandson Iekiyo KATAOKA(Sukemon) are assumed to be the originators.
Japanese: 吉田重高の弟子、片岡家次（平右衛門）またはその孫の家清（助右衛門）を祖とする。
English: Like this, the Kataoka family was closely associated with the descendants of Narishige, and it is said that the documents handed-down were also similar in that they were from the Yamashina school and Okura school.
Japanese: このように片岡家は業茂の子孫と縁が深く、伝書も山科・大蔵各派で類似するという。
English: It is said that Narishige studied under his father and Ietsugu KATAOKA, and afterwards under Shigekatsu (Sekka).
Japanese: 業茂は父および片岡家次に師事し、後に叔父重勝（雪荷）にも師事したという。
English: Narishige YOSHIDA's third son Shigeuji (Okura) YOSHIDA (1578 - 1644) is regarded as the originator.
Japanese: 吉田業茂の三男、吉田茂氏（大蔵）（天正6年（1578年）-正保元年（1644））を祖とする。
English: Shigetsuna YOSHIDA (Narishige's student), Shigeuji YOSHIDA (Genpachiro, former surname: Kuzumaki, his title was Issui/Isumi, his Buddhist name was Insai, Issui/Isumi ken Insai) (1562 - April 17, 1638) are regarded as the originators.
Japanese: 吉田重綱・業茂の弟子、吉田重氏（源八郎、旧姓：葛巻、号：一水、法名：印西、一水軒印西）（永禄5年（1562年）-寛永15年（1638年）3月4日）を祖とする。
English: Shigeuji was born in Kuzumaki-mura, Gamo-gun, Omi Province (present's Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture) (Kawamori, the base of the Yoshida clan, was in the neighborhood).
Japanese: 重氏は近江国蒲生郡葛巻村（現滋賀県東近江市）に生まれる（吉田氏本拠の川守は近隣）。
English: It is said that he was from the Kuzumaki clan, became Shigetsuna YOSHIDA (Izumo school)'s adopted son, and married his daughter (rumors also says he was a close relative of the Yoshida clan).
Japanese: もと葛巻氏（吉田氏の近親であるとも伝わる）で、吉田重綱（出雲派）の養子となりその娘を妻としたという。
English: He served Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, Hideyasu YUKI and Tadamasa MATSUDAIRA, then he paid visits to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Hidetada TOKUGAWA and Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 豊臣秀次、結城秀康、松平忠昌らにつかえ、後に徳川家康、徳川秀忠、徳川家光に拝謁した。
English: Thus, Masatsugu Danjo HEKI's doctrine of archery was handed down from generation to generation by the only one blood-linked successor of Masatsugu Danjo HEKI, or one student without any blood relationship who was granted Menkyo-kaiden (full proficiency).
Japanese: 日置弾正正次からの教義を血族には唯授一人、血縁関係の無い弟子には免許皆伝を与え、日置弾正の教義を次世代次世代へと伝えてきた射法。
English: The successor (in other words, Soke or grand master) of the Insai school in a certain region of a certain generation could only be one person.
Japanese: その土地の印西派の伝承者（つまり宗家）は、その世代にただ一人しか存在しない。
English: A part of the Insai school was called "Toryu" (meaning sect for the Shogunate family) because the grant master of Edo-Insai school was teaching archery for Tokugawa Shogunate family.
Japanese: 一部の印西派を当流と呼ぶのは、江戸印西派の宗家が徳川将軍家の弓術指南役だった事からで、将軍家の流派という意味。
English: Moreover, the reason why the Insai school of Okayama Domain was called "Toryu" is that, when the shogun at that time competed with Ikeda-ko (daimyo IKEDA) in an archery match, Ikeda-ko won, then Ikeda-ko requested to be also called "Toryu" and the shogun allowed his request.
Japanese: また、岡山藩の印西派が当流と呼ばれる所以は、池田侯と当時の将軍が弓の勝負をした際に池田侯が勝利し、池田侯が当家でも「当流」と称させて欲しいと願い出たところ、将軍が褒美の意味で当流と称すことを許可した事から。
English: Insai school is 'walking archery,' shooting method for walking troops (walking warriors) on the battle field; originally, it was different from the Ogasawara school, which is 'horseback riding archery,' shooting from horseback.
Japanese: 印西派は戦場で徒歩武者（かちむしゃ）(歩兵の意）が用いる射法である「歩射」であり、本来は馬上で弓を引く「騎射」の射法である小笠原流とは根本的にその土台が異なる。
English: For the Insai school's original shooting method, a body pose of 'opening knees' with one knee standing was adopted to pull the bow, while the body is hidden to avoid the arrow shot by the enemy on the battlefield, the body can readily be raised momentarily to shoot an enemy, so, it is very practical.
Japanese: 印西派の本来の射法は「割膝（わりひざ）」という膝立ちの体勢で弓を引くものであり、戦場で敵方から放たれる矢を避けて身を隠しながら、瞬間的に身を起こし敵を射るのに非常に適している。
English: In modern days, 'open knees' is assumed to be the practice stage, and the body pose of 'Rissha' (standing shoot), that pulls the bow while standing, is the general position.
Japanese: 現代では、その割膝の練習段階とされる、立ったまま弓を引く「立射」の体勢が一般的である。
English: In the doctrine of the Insai school, the highest levels of practice are Kan, Chu, and Kyu.
Japanese: 印西派の教えでは「貫（かん）・中（ちゅう）・久（きゅう）」の実践を最高とする。
English: Kan' (Penetration) is a strong penetrating power that can pass through enemy's armor; 'Chu' (Precision) is a hit rate of 100 hits out of 100 shots; 'Kyu' (Persistence) means 'Kan' and 'Chu' can be persistently maintained.
Japanese: 「貫」は敵兵の鎧まで貫く強力な貫通力、「中」は百射百中の命中率、「久」は貫・中を永久に実践できることを意味する。
English: In other words, the Insai school teaches a shooting method conceived during an era when powerful bows and arrows were used and by walking warriors who fight on the battlefield to kill the enemy, as the name suggests, it is extremely practical and reasonable.
Japanese: つまり印西派は、弓矢が強力な武器であった時代において、戦場で戦う徒歩武者が如何に敵を射殺できるか、その鍛錬と戦場での実践のために編み出された射法であり、文字通り極めて実戦的かつ合理的なものである。
English: In modern archery, since emphasis is put on Tekichu-shugi (hitting the target), penetration is valued less; nowadays, the praising order is 'Precision, Penetration and Persistenc', however, the praising order should be 'Penetration, Precision and Persistence' originally.
Japanese: 現代の弓道においては通常の競技において的中主義であるため、貫通力の相対的価値が下がっていることもあり、今日では「中・貫・久」の実践を最高としているが、本来は「貫・中・久」である。
English: About doctrine of the shooting method in the Insai school, the University of Tsukuba (formerly Tokyo University of Education) is conducting research about it from a medical and physical viewpoint; concerning the contents of the doctrine, there has been nothing discovered at all that can be denied from a scientific viewpoint, rather, it has been proven that this ancient doctrine based on battlefield experiences is extremely reasonable and scientific.
Japanese: 印西派における射法の教えについて、物理学的・医学的等の見地からの研究が筑波大（旧東京教育大）で行われているが、その伝承されてきた事項について科学的な見地から否定されるものが一切発見されておらず、古来からの教えが戦場での経験に基づいた極めて合理的・科学的なことが裏付けられている。
English: The target, called "Hekigasumi," has a peculiar pattern (supposed to be like a human body), and even in the case when there are multiple players shooting, originally only one target is formally set.
Japanese: 的は日置霞（へきがすみ）と呼ばれる独特の模様の物を用い、多人数で射る場合も一つの的を全員で射るのが本来正式である。
English: The purpose is to shoot down for sure the person standing out first when confronting an enemy group, in order to destroy the enemy's fighting spirit.
Japanese: これは、集団で向かってくる敵兵の先頭の者を確実に射倒す事で、敵兵の戦意を削ぐ為である。
English: Moreover, even if you miss, a missed arrow that hit in front of one's feet appears more frightening to the enemy than a missed arrow that flies over one's head, thus, the target was set up in a low place on the ground for practice.
Japanese: また、もし敵兵を射損じた場合でも、外れた矢が足元に突き刺さる方が、頭上を飛び越えて行くよりもより敵に恐怖感を与える事が出来るため、的は地面すれすれの低い場所に立てて稽古した。
English: Therefore, it is assumed that rather than missing the target vertically, missing the target horizontally is to be avoided.
Japanese: それ故、上や下に外す事よりも、的の左や右に外す事の方が良くない事だとされている。
English: Moreover, the target is set up about 28m away, which is assumed to be the enemy's position on the battlefield.
Japanese: また、的は約15間（けん）(28m)先に設置するが、これは戦場での敵の位置を想定したものである。
English: This is about the shortest distance unreachable by a spear for a direct long distance attack.
Japanese: これは、直接攻撃用の武器の中で最も攻撃距離の長い槍が届かず、かつ遠すぎない距離である。
English: Even nowadays, we learn from these, for a short distance target, regardless of the sect, a target 36cm in diameter is generally set up at a low position 28m away.
Japanese: 現在もこれらに習い、近的の場合は流派を問わず、直径一尺二寸(36cm)の的を15間(28m)先の低い位置に設置するのが一般的である。
English: The Urakami group, founded by Naoki URAKAMI who received his masters during the early Meiji period from Bunemon TOKUYAMA, adopted a move called 'Sambun-no-ni' (the string two-thirds drawn), and now, it bases its activities around Kanto area.
Japanese: 徳山文右衛門から明治初期に免許を受けた浦上直置（なおおき）が創始した、「三分の二」とよばれる動作をとる浦上一派が現在関東を中心に活動している。
English: When executing 'Sambun-no-ni' the arrow is held without moving momentarily when the arrow is positioned around the level of the eyebrow during 'Uchiokoshi' (anchoring) to the move of 'Hikiwake' (drawing).
Japanese: 「三分の二」とは、「打起し」から「引分け」てくる間、矢の高さが眉毛のあたりになった時に一度動きを止める動作である。
English: However, there are still examples of situations where the ancient Insai school doesn't employ 'Sambun-no-ni.'
Japanese: しかしまた、「三分の二」を取らない昔ながらの印西派も各地に数多く残っている。
English: Even within the Insai school, the teachings of Satsuma-Heki, Bizen-Heki, and the Enshu group can be traced back in detail genealogically.
Japanese: 印西派の中でも薩摩日置、備前日置、遠州系等の系統は詳しく系譜をさかのぼる事が出来る。
English: Famous archers include Sakae URAKAMI (Hanshi Judan - tenth grade of the highest ranked archers), who is shaho-seitei-iin (Archery Constitution Committee Member) and an editor of textbooks on archery; Hisashi MURAKAMI (Hanshi Judan - tenth grade of the highest ranked archers), who is vice-president of All Nippon Kyudo Federation; Genshiro INAGAKI (Hanshi Kyudan - ninth grade of the highest ranked archers), who is a professor at Tokyo University of Education and an instructor for the Budo Federation of Germany.
Japanese: 有名な射手としては、弓道教本編集に関わり射法制定委員であった浦上榮（うらかみさかえ）範士十段、全日本弓道連盟副会長を務めた村上久範士十段、東京教育大学教授でドイツ武道連盟師範であった稲垣源四郎範士九段がいる。
English: Shigemasa YOSHIDA's fourth son (controversial) Shigekatsu YOSHIDA (Rokuzaemon, title: Sekka) (1514 - 1590) is regarded as the originator.
Japanese: 吉田重政の四男（異説あり）、吉田重勝（六左衛門、号：雪荷）（永正11年（1514年）-天正18年（1590年））を祖とする。
English: As mentioned above, since there was trouble concerning the family secret techniques between the Yoshida clan and the lord Yoshikata ROKKAKU, Shigemasa was afraid that his family secret techniques might become lost, so he taught the doctrines to Sekka and sent him to Kyoto.
Japanese: 上述のように吉田家と主君の六角義賢の間で家伝をめぐって争いが生じた折、家伝が絶えることを危惧した重政らが雪荷に奥義を授けて京都に移らせたという。
English: He was an intimate friend of Yusai HOSOKAWA; besides teaching him archery, it is said that he learnt Kojitsu (ancient customs) and rules of decorum from Yusai's follower Hidekiyo (Shosai) OGASAWARA, who was an authority of ancient customs.
Japanese: 特に細川幽斎とは親しく、弓術を教授したほか、幽斎配下の故実家小笠原秀清（少斎）から故実・礼法を学んだという。
English: He passed away in 1590 at the age of 77, in Tanabe, Tango Province, which was within the territory of the Hosokawa clan.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）に77歳で没した地も細川氏領国の丹後国田辺であった。
English: His descendants served the Todo clan (chief of the Tsu Domain) (his salary was 600 Koku of rice); from generation to generation, they claimed to be Rokuzaemon and handed down their techniques through only one student (Yuiju Ichinin, to succeed everything that the master knows about the art to only one excellent disciple).
Japanese: 子孫は津藩主の藤堂氏に仕え（扶持600石）、代々六左衛門を称し唯授一人の相伝を受け継いだ。
English: Among those who had received their masters from Sekka, there were warlords such as Yusai HOSOKAWA, Ujisato GAMO, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, and Hideie UKITA.
Japanese: 雪荷から免許を受けた人物には、細川幽斎、蒲生氏郷、豊臣秀長・豊臣秀次、宇喜多秀家らの武将もいた。
English: Shigekatsu YOSHIDA (Sekka)'s student Ichian BAN (Kizaemon, title: Dosetsu) (passed away in 1621) is regarded as the originator.
Japanese: 吉田重勝（雪荷）の弟子、伴一安（喜左衛門、号：道雪）（元和7年（1621）没）を祖とする。
English: Since Dosetsu was the most excellent disciple, Sekka tried to have him succeeded the doctrines, but Dosetsu firmly refused, wished to establish another sect and got permission to do so.
Japanese: 雪荷は、門下で道雪が最も優れていたので道統を継がせようとしたが、道雪は固辞し、別に一派を立てることを願い許されたという。
English: Besides serving the Koriyama Domain, the descendants of Dosetsu, they also taught for the Takatsuki Domain, the Aizu Domain, the Hiroshima Domain, and the Kumamoto Domain, etc.
Japanese: 道雪の子孫が郡山藩に仕えたほか、高槻藩、会津藩、広島藩、熊本藩などに伝わった。
English: Noritsugu Yazaemon HEKI, who was blood-related to Masatsugu Danjo HEKI and received the doctrines, is regarded as the originator.
Japanese: 日置弾正政次と同じ血統であるか、もしくは教えを受けたとされる、日置弥左衛門範次を祖とする流れ。
English: He heard about Shigemasa YOSHIDA's techniques and became the private prayer monk of the Yoshida family, and he was absorbed in archery training.
Japanese: この時期に吉田重政の技を伝え聞いたとも、吉田家の祈願僧となって弓術修行に没頭したとも伝えられる。
English: Noritsugu Yazaemon HEKI - Yoshitsugu Sakon YASUMATSU - Yoshikiyo Shinzaburo YASUMATSU - Masatsugu Jinzaemon YUGE - Shitetsugu Yarokuro YUGE - Josei Chikurinbo ISHIDO (the names are controversial).
Japanese: 日置弥左衛門範次-安松左近吉次-同新三郎良清-弓削甚左衛門正次-同弥六郎繁次-石堂竹林坊如成　（氏名には異説あり）
English: Among the famous disciples of Sadatsugu, were Tadatsugu OKABE (Tozaemon) (feudal soldier of Owari domain), Tadahisa NAGAYA (Tadazaemon) and Tadashige (Rokuzaemon), moreover, among the famous disciples of Tadashige, there was Shigenori HOSHINO (Kanzaemon), who was highly reputed for his long-range archery skills in the Kyoto Sanjusangen-do Temple; they handed down the techniques from generation to generation.
Japanese: 貞次門下から尾張藩士の岡部忠次（藤左衛門）、長屋忠久（忠左衛門）、同忠重（六左衛門）らが、さらに忠重門下からは京都三十三間堂の通し矢で名高い星野茂則（勘左衛門）が輩出し、各家は代々技術を伝えた。
English: Moreover, Sadatsugu's disciples Katsukichi (Kizaemon) NOMURA and Shigenao (Yojiemon/Yojiuemon) KAWARABAYASHI (OBAYASHI) taught Chikurin school techniques to the Kishu Domain.
Japanese: また貞次門下の野村勝吉（喜左衛門）、瓦林（尾林）成直（与次右衛門）は紀伊藩に竹林派を伝えた。
English: There were famous masters such as Noritake YOSHIMI (Daiemon, posthumous Buddhist name: Junsei), who was the author of "Shahokun" (textbook how to shoot an arrow), and Norito WASA (Daihachiro), who was Toshiya-tenkaichi (No. 1 in Japan for long-range archery).
Japanese: 射法訓作者の吉見経武（台右衛門、法名：順正）、通し矢天下一の和佐範遠（大八郎）らが輩出した。
English: The school spread to Edo from Shigenori HOSHINO and was handed down to direct retainers of shoguns as the Edo Chikurin school, later, it became the Honda school.
Japanese: 星野茂則から江戸に伝わった系統は旗本により伝承され（江戸竹林派）、後に本多流となった。
English: It became popular in early Edo period; especially after the Owari Domain and the Kii Domain engaged in fierce competition, Chikurin school in both domains became prosperous.
Japanese: 江戸時代前期に流行し、特に尾張藩と紀伊藩が鎬を削ったことから両藩の竹林派も栄えた。
English: Likewise, the Chikurin school is closely related to Dosha, since it has Matomae-shaho (the action to shoot an arrow to the target) and is a sub-sect that forbids long range archery.
Japanese: このように竹林派は堂射と縁の深い系統ではあるが、的前射法も存在し、また通し矢を禁じた系もあることから通し矢専門の流派ではない。
English: Because Josei was a monk, the influence of the Buddhism can be seen in the thought and terminologies of the Chikurin school.
Japanese: 如成は僧侶であったため、竹林派の思想・用語には仏教の影響がみられる。
English: For instance, even in the presence Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu (the eight arts of shooting an arrow), the adopted terms such as 'E' (concentration at full draw) and 'Ri' (release) are related to the Buddhist expression "Esha-Jori" (meaning that those who meet must part).
Japanese: 例えば現在の弓道射法八節にも採用されている「会」「離」は、仏教語の会者定離にちなむ。
English: Ikkan was a warrior of the Wakasa Domain of the Tottori Domain (branch domain of Tottori, domain of Tottori Nishikan Nitta) (his salary was 130 koku of rice), and he studied under Shiseki OGUCHI of the Oguchi school, belonging to the Chikurin school group.
Japanese: 一貫は鳥取藩若桜藩（鳥取藩支藩、鳥取西館新田藩）藩士（130石）で、竹林派系統の大口流大口子積に師事した。
English: Toshizane HONDA (1836 - 1917) of the Chikurin school is regarded as the originator.
Japanese: 竹林派の本多利実（天保7年（1836）-大正6（1917））を祖とする。
English: By introducing various modifications such as Shamen-uchiokoshi (anchoring in a slanting position) into Chikurin school, which is Shomen-uchiokoshi (anchoring in front facing posture), Toshizane improved the shooting method and brought about a major impact to modern archery.
Japanese: 利実は、斜面打起しであった竹林派に正面打起しを導入するなど射法に改良を加え、現代の射法に強い影響を与えた。
English: Yoshida group of Heki school popular in Kumamoto Prefecture is a sect related to the schools of Okura YOSHIDA, Ienobu KATAOKA and Iekiyo.
Japanese: 吉田大蔵・片岡家延・家清の流れを汲む流派が「日置流吉田派」として熊本県で活動している。