nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The angered Jimyo-in line side repealed Tsunetada's assignment as Kanpaku and assigned Mototsugu KONOE as his successor.
Japanese: 激怒した持明院統側では経忠の関白を解任して近衛基嗣を後任に任命した。
English: Later, Tsunetada used his position in Yoshino Court as Nairan (a preliminary inspection of official documents submitted from the Great Council of State to the Emperor), Sadaijin, and the head of the Fujiwara clan to gather the regional Fujiwara clan related families that were scattered throughout the country and call for overthrowing Takauji, but this was a plan that contradicted Chikafusa KITABATAKE's west country strategy and the two continued to fight over control.
Japanese: その後、経忠は吉野朝廷の内覧・左大臣・藤氏長者の立場を利用して全国に散らばる藤原氏系の豪族に尊氏打倒を呼びかけるのであるが、これは北畠親房の東国戦略と対立する構想であり、その後も両者は主導権争いを続ける事になる。
English: Around 1341, he left Yoshino to visit Kyoto, but this visit was said to be a covert mission to persuade the court nobles on the Northern Court side.
Japanese: その後、1341年頃に吉野を出て一度京都に戻っているが、実は北朝側公家の切り崩し工作が目的であったと言われている。
English: FUJIWARA no Ietada (1062 - June 22, 1136) was a court noble who lived in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原家忠（ふじわらのいえただ、康平5年（1062年）－保延2年5月14日(旧暦)（1136年6月15日））は、平安時代後期の公卿。
English: It is recorded in "Chuyuki" (diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) and "Imakagami" (The Mirror of the Present) that the Emperor strongly intended to make Ietada assume the post of Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 1103年（康保5年）の右近衛大将就任が天皇の強い意向であった事が、『中右記』・『今鏡』に記されている。
English: Mitsuoki TOSA (November 21, 1617 - November 14, 1691) was a leading painter in the Tosa school in the Edo period.
Japanese: 土佐光起（とさみつおき、元和(日本)3年10月23日(旧暦)（1617年11月21日）-元禄4年9月25日(旧暦)（1691年11月14日））は、江戸時代の土佐派を代表する絵師。
English: In 1654, he became the head of the official court atelier, and revived the Tosa school which had been the mainstream of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes).
Japanese: 1654年(承応3)、宮廷の絵所預となり、大和絵の主流だった土佐派を再興。
English: His most important works are "a picture scroll depicting the chronicle of Kitano-tenjin Shrine," "Thirty-six immortal poets' scenes on folding screens," "Scenes from the Tale of Genji on folding screens," and so on.
Japanese: 代表作は、「北野天神縁起絵巻」、「三十六歌仙図屏風」、「源氏物語図屏風」など。
English: Torazo NINAGAWA (February 24, 1897 - February 27, 1981) was an economist and statistician.
Japanese: 蜷川虎三(にながわとらぞう、1897年2月24日-1981年2月27日)は、経済学者・統計学者。
English: After graduating from Tokyo Furitsu Number Three Middle School under the prewar education system (present Tokyo Metropolitan Ryogoku high school) and the (Japan) Imperial Fisheries Institute (present Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, he entered Kyoto Imperial University, Faculty of Economics.
Japanese: 旧制府立第三中学（現東京都立両国高等学校）、農商務省(日本)水産講習所（現東京海洋大学）卒業後、京都帝国大学経済学部に入学。
English: After studying in Germany, he took his doctorate on "Tokei Riyo ni okeru Kihon Mondai" (Basic Problems in Using Statistics), but he was promoted to full professor much later in 1942.
Japanese: ドイツに留学後、『統計利用に於ける基本問題』で経済学博士号を取得するも教授に昇格するのはずっと遅く1942年だった。
English: In 1948, he became the first Director-General of Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, but came into conflict with Prime Minister Shigeru YOSHIDA over the small and medium enterprise policy and resigned from office in 1950.
Japanese: その後、1948年に初代の中小企業庁長官となったものの、吉田茂首相と中小企業政策をめぐって対立し1950年に辞任。
English: In the same year, he ran for and won the Kyoto gubernatorial election on the Japan Socialist Party ticket, also backed by Zen Kyoto Minshusensen Toitsu Kaigi (abbreviated as Minto; Congress of All Kyoto Democratic United Front), and thereafter he served as governor for seven consecutive terms over twenty-eight years in all.
Japanese: 同年、日本社会党公認・全京都民主戦線統一会議（民統）推薦で京都府知事選挙に立候補し当選、以後7期28年間知事を務める。
English: Also in the same year, the second ordinary election for the House of Councilors and Kyoto mayoral election were held, and Ikuo OYAMA and Gizo TAKAYAMA both of whom were recommended by Minto won the elections, respectively.
Japanese: なお、同年には第2回参議院議員通常選挙と京都市長選も行われ、それぞれ民統が推した大山郁夫・高山義三が当選する。
English: Yet, Mayor Takayama began to shift to the conservative side later, which started a feud between Takayama and Minto lasting even after Takayama left his office and became President of Kyoto International Conference Center.
Japanese: しかし高山市長はその後保守系に軸足を置き始め、高山が市長を退き国立京都国際会館館長になった後でも確執が続いた。
English: Ninagawa's administration hung a banner reading 'Let's Make the Constitution Live in Our Lives' from Kyoto Prefectural Office building.
Japanese: 府政に於いては、「憲法を暮らしの中に生かそう」の垂れ幕を京都府庁に掲げた。
English: Ninagawa kept acting from the standpoint of Protecting the Constitution also in the field of local government all along the line, such that, on the Constitution Memorial Day, he delivered his address standing before a Japanese folding screen with the Preface to the Constitution of Japan on its panels.
Japanese: そして、憲法記念日には日本国憲法前文を記した屏風を背に訓示するなど、地方自治の現場でも一貫して護憲の立場を実践し続けた。
English: With his slogan 'Do not make them sad in their fifteen years old spring,' Ninagawa announced the small school district system and the sogo senbatsu entrance examination system (integrated selection system of applicants) for public senior high schools.
Japanese: 「十五の春は泣かせない」というスローガンの下、高校の小学校区・総合選抜入試をうちだした。
English: Besides, he firmly refused to carry out the Teacher Evaluation System for the reason that 'the system was intervention of government power in education in the prefecture.'
Japanese: また、学校教職員の勤務評定の実施も「政府権力からの府教育への干渉」だとして断固拒否した。
English: Also, he appropriated sufficient funds to implement a welfare policy that included creating 'a medical expenses subsidy system for the population aged 65 or more' which was a first for the nation.
Japanese: 福祉行政に関しても全国で始めて「65歳以上のお年寄り医療費助成制度」をつくるなど手厚い予算をつけた。
English: Worse still, it might also be used for military purposes.'
Japanese: おまけに戦争のときに使われる可能性がある」として殆ど建設を許さなかった。
English: Under the plan, he developed a mechanism to facilitate private companies' settlement in Kyoto with 'government, bureaucracy, academia, and business' backing each other up (which included easing of the terms and conditions for financing programs the prefecture provided and setting up of industrial parks.)
Japanese: その中で「政・官・学・財」が一体となってバックアップし企業が京都に根付くような体制（府の融資条件の緩和や工業団地設立など）をつくっていく。
English: He worked out the policy of 'rejecting construction of expressways but keeping on approving construction of community roads and industrial roads' and assigned construction works to local road building contractors.
Japanese: また、「高速道路は駄目だが、生活や産業のための道路はどんどん建設する」との方針がだされ、地元建設業者に工事の仕事が割り振られた。
English: Concerning agriculture and fishery, he opposed the rice acreage reduction promoted by the national government and worked out a unique price support system called 'Kyoto food control system' and an agriculture and fishery development plan.
Japanese: 農業・漁業などに関しては、国が推し進める稲作減反に反対の姿勢を取り、独自の「京都食管」と呼ばれる価格保障制度や育成策をだす。
English: Accompanying such measures, he improved living conditions for the people involved in the primary industries, allowing them to live in peace.
Japanese: その事で第一次産業の人たちが安心して京都に住めるような環境もつくった。
English: He also worked out measures to attract tourists to Kyoto and buy goods and services there, promoting the Kyoto brand across the country.
Japanese: 観光客が京都の観光でお金を落としてくれるような施策もうち、京都ブランドを全国に売り出していく。
English: As his operation policies worked and the nation concurrently experienced the high economic growth, the prefecture had ample tax revenues and hardly ever faced financial difficulties although it was a reformist local government (It fell to a fiscal reconstruction organization once due to a catastrophic flood in Yamashiro in 1956, but revived itself in 1962.
Japanese: この運営方針が当たった事と高度成長が重なった事で、税金が豊かに集まり、革新自治体の割には財政不振に苦しむ事がほとんどなかった（1956年に山城大水害の影響で一度財政再建団体に転落したが、1962年に自力で立ち直っている。
English: As a result, he gradually won support from parts of conservative-blocs and centrist-blocs such as medical associations and agricultural organizations.
Japanese: このため、しだいに医師会や農業団体など保守・中道系の一部の支持も獲得する。
English: In those days, the Japan Socialist Party, to which Ninagawa once belonged, began to make blatant personal demands.
Japanese: このころ、蜷川に対し古巣の社会党が露骨な個人的要求を突きつけるようになっていた。
English: Ninagawa could not stand it and began to support another ruling party, 'the Japanese Communist Party.'
Japanese: 蜷川はそれを嫌い、もうひとつの与党「共産党」に力を与えるようになった。
English: In due course, the Japan Socialist Party made Ninagawa and the Japanese Communist Party an enemy.
Japanese: 逆に社会党は勢力がダウンしていき、彼らは蜷川や共産党を目の敵にし始める。
English: At the same time, Ninagawa's administration lost its balance and rapidly became inclined to be ideologically-charged.
Japanese: 同時に府政のバランスが悪くなりイデオロギー色が急激に強くなっていった。
English: Under the Ninagawa administration, mountainous regions and the Japan Sea side area were developed drastically; in contrast, the inner city area was mostly left untouched due to Ninagawa's intention to respect sentiment among urban residents who drove campaigns against development (Ninagawa's power base included many residents' groups in the urban districts).
Japanese: 蜷川府政の下、山間部や日本海側の開発は急激に進んだのだが、都心部では住民の開発反対運動の意向を蜷川が気にしたため（蜷川の支持母体は都市部の住民団体が多かった）、あまり手をつける事ができなかった。
English: Owing to the situation, improvement of the infrastructure such as water supply and sewage systems and pavement of the roads in urban districts were delayed so badly that it was said: I became aware I was entering Kyoto when I saw the roads and sewage.
Japanese: この影響で、都市部の上下水道等のインフラストラクチャー整備や道路の舗装は大幅に遅れ、「道路や下水道の様子を見ると京都に入ったのがわかる。」と揶揄されるほどであった。
English: Also, educational matters and welfare policies began to suffer frequent criticisms that 'the educational policy of Ninagawa's administration did nothing but indulge and spoil students (by citing instances of decreased percentage of enrollment from prefectural senior high schools to the Kyoto University),' 'high-handed behaviors of teachers' unions inside and outside the schools are intolerable,' and 'his welfare policy is pork-barrel politics which waste tax money.'
Japanese: また、教育問題や福祉などでも「蜷川府政の教育政策は生徒を甘やかし、駄目にするだけだ（京都大学への府立高校からの進学率低下などが材料にされた）」「学校内外で教職員組合の横暴が過ぎる」「税金によるばら撒き福祉だ」という批判が頻繁に出されるようになった。
English: The quality of the large number of public servants hired by the prefecture was also regarded as a problem, repeatedly questioned day and night by local media (The Kyoto Shimbun and the like).
Japanese: 府で大量に雇った公務員の質の問題も取りざたされ、地元マスコミ(京都新聞など)による追及が連日連夜繰り返された。
English: In spite of these adverse conditions, the governor Ninagawa won overwhelming victories in the re-elections for the fifth and sixth terms through his high administrative abilities and trust which had been enhanced by fulfilling a great number of public commitments.
Japanese: それらの逆風がふいても、蜷川知事は高い実務能力と、膨大な公約実現で積み重ねてきた信頼を武器に、5期目・6期目の選挙でも圧勝する。
English: Taking advantage of these victories, Ninagawa forwarded the administrative and financial reforms immediately and streamlined the prefectural administrative office.
Japanese: 蜷川はこの勢いに乗り、一気に行財政改革を進め、府の機構を効率化した。
English: During this period, other local governments faced hard times, with reduced tax revenues due to the oil shock, but Ninagawa was able to survive this period with little difficulty by further advancing policies that involved inviting private companies to settle in Kyoto and attracting tourists.
Japanese: また、今までの企業誘致策や観光施策をより進めたことで、この時期、他自治体が非常に苦しんだオイルショックによる税収減も難なく乗り越える事ができた。
English: In the election in 1974, Ninagawa fought an uphill battle for his seventh term against the opposing candidate (Kazutaka OHASHI, a former Japan Socialist Party member of House of Councilors) who was backed by the Liberal Democratic Party, the Komeito Party, the Democratic Socialist Party, and also a part of the Japan Socialist Party.
Japanese: しかし、7期目を目指した1974年の知事選では自民・公明党・民社党に加えて社会党の一部までが組んだ対立候補(前社会党参議院議員だった大橋和孝)に大苦戦。
English: Although Ninagawa narrowly won the re-election by a bare majority of 4000 votes, he felt his limits considering the uphill battle and his age (he was 78 year old at that time) and retired from the governorship in 1978.
Japanese: わずか4千票の僅差でようやく当選したものの、この苦戦や自らの年齢（当時78歳）に限界を感じた蜷川は、1978年に知事を引退。
English: At the plenary meeting of the Kyoto prefectural assembly which was the last assembly for Ninagawa, Hiromu NONAKA, a member of the prefectural assembly, likened the meeting to "children hurling themselves at a yokozuna (grand champion of sumo wrestling)" and the session hall to "a lecture room of the professor Ninagawa" in his speech.
Japanese: 蜷川にとって最後の京都府本会議で、府議会議員であった野中広務は『横綱に子供が飛びかかる光景』、『議場が蜷川教授の教室』と例えた演説を行った。
English: In the subsequent Kyoto gubernatorial election in 1978, Toshimasa SUGIMURA, the candidate to succeed him was defeated by Yukio HAYASHIDA who was backed by the LDP, and the twenty-eight years of reformist government ended.
Japanese: その後の1978年京都知事選で、後継の杉村敏正候補が自民推薦の林田悠紀夫に敗れ、28年の革新府政は終わりをむかえた。
English: Thereafter, he spent the rest of his life free from care, supporting the Japanese Communist Party, and in March 1981, he died at the age of 81.
Japanese: その後は、のんびりと余生を過ごし日本共産党の応援などをしていたが、1981年3月に81歳で死去した。
English: Because of his strong personality and his powerful administration, evaluation of his administration still remained polarized.
Japanese: あまりにあくの強い人物で、かつ府政も強烈だったため、いまだに評価が二分する。
English: Some of the LDP and other parties criticized Ninagawa for his 'dictatorship and bringing a dark age' and for 'being blamed for having delayed the development of Kyoto excessively.'
Japanese: 自民党などからは「独裁・暗黒時代」「京都を極限まで遅らせた張本人」という批判がある。
English: It was certainly a fact that the above-mentioned educational standards, improvement of infrastructure, and quality of public servants deteriorated (especially in the latter half of the administration) and it took a long time to straighten out the mess.
Japanese: 確かに前述のような教育水準やインフラ整備、公務員の質などが（特に後期）低下し、その後の尻拭いに長期の時間を要したことは事実である。
English: Nevertheless, the LDP members approved the budget proposed by the governor Ninagawa throughout his terms and they frequently showed their admiration for the governor Ninagawa with their words and behaviors in the prefectural assembly hall, and the LDP left most of the conservative supporters to support Ninagawa for the reason that 'they preferred Kyoto distinct from other prefectures, even if Kyoto had no expressway' and 'they only need their leader to enrich their life both officially and personally whether the leader is reformist or conservative.'
Japanese: ただし、自民党などもその蜷川知事の出した予算に任期中ずっと賛成していたり、議会内では蜷川知事を褒め称える言動を数々していた事実や、保守支持層の大部分も「高速道路がなくても他と違う京都が良い」「赤くても白くても日々の仕事と生活を豊かにしてくれるトップであれば良い」という理由で蜷川支持にまわっていたこともある。
English: On the other hand, some of the Japanese Communist Party supporters grumbled 'the Ninagawa's educational policy went too far indeed and caused us some trouble.'
Japanese: 一方でその共産支持層の中にも「蜷川さんの教育政策は流石にやり過ぎで、少し迷惑だった。」との声があることも事実である。
English: The strongest reason among all was that the Japanese Communist Party could not break with the 'ghost' of Ninagawa and could not present a new vision.
Japanese: 原因はいくつかあるが、共産党は未だに彼の「幻影」から抜け出せず、新しいビジョンを提示できていないことが大きい。
English: In a sense, it might remain to be seen how Kyoto would develop and surpass the achievements accomplished in the Ninagawa era.
Japanese: ある意味、蜷川時代を発展させどう乗り越えていくかが今後の京都の課題であろう。
English: Above-mentioned Hiromu NONAKA and Koichi TSUKAMOTO (Representative director of Wacoal Corporation), who was a business leader in Kyoto and the chairman of the Kyoto Chamber of Commerce and Industry, wrote in their books and writings that Ninagawa was an attractive person even if they conflicted with each other in a political point of view.
Japanese: 前述の野中広務、京都財界のリーダー格であった京都商工会議所会頭塚本幸一（株式会社ワコール代表取締役）等、政治的には対立しながらも魅力的な人物であったと著書等で記している。
English: He wrote a memoire called "Rakuyo ni hoyu" (Howl in Kyoto) (published by Asahi shinbunsha) ISBN 402254631X.
Japanese: 回想録として『洛陽に吼ゆ』(朝日新聞社刊)ISBN402254631Xがある。
English: Takeko KUJO (October 20, 1887 - February 7, 1928) was an educator and tanka poet, also actively engaged in the social movement in her later years.
Japanese: 九条武子（くじょうたけこ、1887年（明治20年）10月20日-1928年（昭和3年）2月7日）は、教育者・歌人、後年には社会運動活動家としても活躍した。
English: She was born as the second daughter of Koson OTANI, the 21st head abbot of the Nishi Hongwan-ji Temple, in Kyoto (her mother Fujiko, a concubine of Koson, was born into a warrior class family from Kishu Domain).
Japanese: 西本願寺第21代門主・大谷光尊の次女（母・藤子は光尊の側室で紀州藩士族の子女）として京都で生まれる。
English: She helped her sister-in-law, Kazuko OTANI, the wife of then head abbot, Kozui OTANI, found the Buddhist Women's Association (BWA, Fujinkai in Japanese) and when Kazuko OTANI died young at the age of 30 in 1911, Takeko became general manager, taking on the solemn responsibilities of operating the Association.
Japanese: 義姉・大谷籌子裏方（大谷光瑞夫人）を助けて仏教婦人会を創設し、1911年（明治44年）､大谷籌子が30歳の若さで早世の際は本部長に就任、同会運営の重責を果たした。
English: She founded Kyoto Joshi Senmon Gakko (Kyoto Women's College; present Kyoto Joshi Gakuen (Kyoto Women's Educational Institution), Kyoto Women's University), basing it on Buddhist principles.
Japanese: 仏教主義に基づく京都女子専門学校（現・京都女子学園、京都女子大学）を設立した。
English: After narrowly escaping death in the Great Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, she promoted many projects such as the reconstruction of the completely destroyed Tsukiji Hongwan-ji Temple and activities to aid the seriously injured and the orphaned (establishment of the 'Asoka Hospital').
Japanese: 1923年（大正12年）9月1日の関東大震災で自身も被災するが一命を取りとめ、全壊した築地本願寺の再建、震災による負傷者・孤児の救援活動（「あそか病院」などの設立）などさまざまな事業を推進した。
English: She studied under Nobutsuna SASAKI and excelled in composing waka; her collections of waka include "Kinrei" (金鈴, "Golden Bell") and "Kunzen" (薫染, "Fragrant Influences").
Japanese: 佐佐木信綱に師事し和歌にも長け歌人としても、『金鈴』『薫染』などの歌集がある。
English: Her much-loved Buddhism hymn 'Seiya' (聖夜, "Splendor of an Evening Sky") was contained in her collection of essays "Muyuge" (無憂華, "Flower Without Sorrow"), published in September, 1927.
Japanese: 愛唱されている仏教讃歌の「聖夜」は、1927年（昭和2年）7月に出版された随筆『無憂華』の中に収められている。
English: The lyrics of 'Seiya', for which the music was written by Shinpei NAKAYAMA (1887 - 1952), are in seven-and-five syllable meter, and express the joy and peace of a person who is protected by infinite Buddha's filling the universe like the splendor of millions of sparkling stars in the evening sky.
Japanese: 「聖夜」の作曲は、中山晋平（1887年～1952年）で、歌詞は七五調で構成され、夜空に輝く美しい数多の星のようにおわする仏たちに護られて生きていることの歓喜と安らぎが表現されている。
English: In February 7, 1928, she contracted blood poisoning due to overexertion from her efforts in the earthquake reconstruction projects and passed away at the young age of 42, while the name of Amitabha Buddha was recited.
Japanese: 1928年（昭和3年）2月7日、震災復興事業での奔走の無理がたたり敗血症発症、42歳の若さで念仏のうちに往生した。
English: Takeko was praised for her intelligence and beauty, and was known as one of the 'Taisho san bijin' (three beautiful women of the Taisho period) along with Byakuren YANAGIHARA (niece of Emperor Taisho's mother, Aiko YANAGIHARA) and Kinkin EGI.
Japanese: 武子は才色兼備としてもてはやされ、柳原白蓮（大正天皇生母・柳原愛子の姪）、江木欣々とともに大正三美人と称された。
English: As for her private life, in 1909, she married Yoshimune KUJO, who was from a family of dukes and worked at Yokohama Specie Bank.
Japanese: 私生活では1909年、公爵家出身で正金銀行勤務・九条良致（くじょう・よしむね）に嫁いだ。
English: After they married, Takeko accompanied Yoshimune to Britain, where he studied at the University of Cambridge and worked in London, but after one and a half years, Takeko returned to Japan while Yoshimune stayed in Britain.
Japanese: 武子は結婚後良致の勤務先兼留学先（ケンブリッジ大学）・ロンドンに随行したが、渡英一年半で武子が帰国・良致はそのまま英国滞在。
English: There has been speculation that there was a friction between the couple because Yoshimune was uncomfortable with Takeko's beauty, intelligence, and high lineage (the OTANI family was a family of counts) but Takeko made no mention of divorce and intently waited earnestly for Yoshimune's return.
Japanese: これには美貌・教養・家柄（大谷家は伯爵家）の誉れ高き武子に、良致がなじめなかったからではないか等、夫婦不和の憶測もあったが、武子は離婚どころか浮いた言動一つとらず良致の帰国をひたすら待ちつづけた。
English: At the end of 1920, Yoshimune returned to Japan and the couple started to live together again and although they had no children, they allegedly had a good relationship through the Great Kanto Earthquake and other incidents until Takeko's death.
Japanese: 1920年年末に良致が帰国し夫婦同居が実現、武子・良致の間に子はなかったものの関東大震災などを経て武子自身の死までこれ以降は良致とよき夫婦関係であったと伝えられている。
English: Drawn by the power of Great Things; Ah, how unsteady are my steps (in the precincts of Tsukiji Hongwan-ji Temple)
Japanese: おほいなるもののちからにひかれゆくわがあしあとのおぼつかなしや（東京築地本願寺境内）
English: Nichigyo (date of his birth is unknown - September 14, 1369) was the fifth hoshu (high priest) in the Taiseki-ji Temple.
Japanese: 日行（にちぎょう、？-応安2年/正平(日本)24年8月13日(旧暦)（1369年9月14日））は、大石寺第5世法主。
English: On July 30, 1339, being conferred the sacred law of Buddha by the fourth Nichido, he assumed the position of hossu as the fifth high priest of the Taiseki-ji Temple.
Japanese: 1339年(延元4年)6月15日、4世日道より法の付嘱を受け大石寺第5世日行として登座す。
English: In 1360, he established Hokke-do (Rengyo-ji Temple) in Kanei, Shimotsuke Province.
Japanese: 1360年(正平(日本)15年)、下野金井に法華堂〔蓮行寺〕を創す。
English: Shigeyuki KUZE (1659 - August 1, 1720) was a Daimyo (feudal lord) in the Edo period, and a cabinet minister of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Japanese: 久世重之（くぜしげゆき、万治2年（1659年）-享保5年6月27日(旧暦)（1720年8月1日））は、江戸時代の大名、徳川幕府閣僚。
English: His children were Teruyuki KUZE (fourth son), Hirotoshi KUZE (久世広寿), Hiroju KUZE (久世広躊) (fifth son), Hirohan KUZE (久世広般) (ninth son), a daughter (lawful wife of Yasukazu MATSUDAIRA), and another daughter (lawful wife of Fusayoshi ISHIKAWA).
Japanese: 子に久世暉之（四男）、久世広寿、久世広躊（五男）、久世広般（九男）、娘（松平康員正室）、娘（石川総慶正室）ら。
English: Shigeyuki had transferred from one domain to another as the lord in his generation, starting at the Sekiyado Domain, then transferred to the Niwase Domain in the Bicchu Province, then to the Tanba-Kameyama Domain in the Tanba Province, then to the Mikawa-Yoshida Domain in the Mikawa Province, and in 1706, returned to the Sekiyado Domain.
Japanese: 重之一代のときに関宿藩から備中国庭瀬藩ついで丹波国丹波亀山藩さらに三河国三河吉田藩へとめまぐるしく転封を続け、宝永2年（1705年）再び関宿藩に復帰する。
English: In the bakufu (shogunate government), he was promoted to the jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) at the age of 45 at first, then promoted to wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in Edo bakufu), and from 1713 to 1720, assumed the position of roju (member of shogun's council of elders).
Japanese: 幕府では45歳のときに寺社奉行に起用されたのを皮切りに、若年寄、ついで、元禄12年（1713年）-宝永4年（1720年）、老中を務める。
English: He indirectly supported the Shotoku no chi (Hakuseki ARAI's policy of civilian government) which had few supporters in the cabinet, and assumed the position responsible for Shotoku gold and silver coins mintage.
Japanese: 閣内に味方の少ない正徳の治を側面から支持し、正徳金銀鋳造の責任者を担当している。
English: Tadamoto HONDA (April 12, 1817 - January 29, 1883) was a daimyo (feudal lord), statesman and Roju (senior councilor) at the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 本多忠民（ほんだただもと、文化(元号)14年2月26日(旧暦)（1817年4月12日）-明治16年（1883年）1月29日）は、江戸時代末期の大名、政治家、老中。
English: In 1857, he assumed the office of Kyoto-shoshidai, working hard as the liaison between the Imperial Court and the bakufu, especially over problems concerning the conclusion of treaties.
Japanese: 安政4年（1857年）、京都所司代となり、朝廷対策、特に条約締結問題で朝幕間を奔走する。
English: He served as a Roju for two years from 1860, and in 1864, he received an order of reappointment to the post; he firmly refused at first but finally reassumed the office.
Japanese: 万延元年（1860年）より2年ほど老中を務めたが、元治元年（1864年）に再任の台命が下ったときは一旦は固辞しているが、結局就任した。
English: Tokitsugu YAMASHINA (June 16, 1507 - April 7, 1579) was a court noble of Japan, and was promoted from Kura no kami (Chief of Kuraryo, Bureau of Palace Storehouses) to Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) during the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 山科言継（やましなときつぐ、永正4年4月26日(旧暦)（1507年6月6日）-天正7年3月2日(旧暦)（1579年3月28日））は、戦国時代(日本)の公家で内蔵頭から権大納言に昇った。
English: He held social standing as part of the Urin family, but during the Sengoku period, he faced a sluggish period together with other court nobles.
Japanese: 羽林家の家格であったが戦国期には他の公家と同様不振の時代を迎えていた。
English: He experienced a de facto misappropriation of Yamashima Ward which had been the territory of Yamashina family for generations by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) on July 10, 1548.
Japanese: 1548年には室町幕府によって代々の家領であった山科区が事実上横領される（天文17年5月25日）という事態に遭遇している。