nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Larger keyhole-shaped tumuli with a burial mound longer than 100 meters were concentrated in the Nara Basin and the Kinai region (five central provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, namely Yamato, Kawachi, Settsu, Izumi, and Yamashiro that are now the municipalities of Kyoto and Osaka and the prefectures of Nara and Hyogo) including Furuichi-kofun Tumuli Group, with some exceptions such as Iwatoyama-kofun Tumulus in Kyushu and Danpusan-kofun Tumulus in Owari.
Japanese: そして、墳丘長100メートル以上の規模の比較的大きなものは九州の岩戸山古墳、尾張の断夫山古墳など一部を除くと、奈良盆地内や古市古墳群など、畿内に集中するようになる。
English: The size difference also grew larger, not only between Iwatoyama-kofun Tumulus and Danpusan-kofun Tumulus, but also between the tumuli that most likely belong to Okimi (His Majesty) and the rest inside the Kinai region.
Japanese: また岩戸山古墳と断夫山古墳、そして畿内でも大王墓の可能性が高い古墳とその他の古墳との規模の格差が拡大している。
English: The tombs that are considered to be of Okimi, including Kawachi Otsukayama-kofun Tumulus, Mise Maruyama-kofun Tumulus, and Imashirozuka-kofun Tumulus, in particular, dominate the rest in size.
Japanese: 特に河内大塚山古墳、見瀬丸山古墳、今城塚古墳といった大王墓と見られる古墳の規模は他を圧している。
English: It is believed that the power that had previously been shared among dominant chiefs began to concentrate in the hands of Okimi.
Japanese: これまでの有力首長の共同統治から大王への権力の集中が始まったものと見られている。
English: The sixth-century tombs that are presumed to belong to Okimi, like Mise Maruyama-kofun Tumulus, are built somewhere away from the kofun-tumuli groups that were formed by the continuous construction of Okimi tombs beginning in the third century, such as Furuichi-kofun Tumuli Group, Mozu-kofun Tumuli Group, Umami-kofun Tumuli Group, Sakitatenami-kofun Tumuli Group, and Oyamato and Yanagimoto-kofun Tumuli Group.
Japanese: 見瀬丸山古墳など6世紀の大王墓と推定される墳墓は、3世紀から大王墓が造られ続けてきた古市古墳群、百舌鳥古墳群、馬見古墳群、佐紀盾列古墳群、大和・柳本古墳群といった古墳群から離れた場所に造られている。
English: This also suggests that the power structure involving Okimi (of Yamato Sovereignty) changed in the sixth century.
Japanese: この点からも6世紀の大王(ヤマト王権)の権力構造に変化が生じたことがわかる。
English: In short, not only the scale but also the visual appearance of keyhole-shaped tumuli deteriorated in the sixth century.
Japanese: つまり6世紀の前方後円墳は大きさばかりではなく視覚的な見栄えも低下している。
English: It would appear that the social significance of keyhole-shaped tumuli of the time was also beginning to change.
Japanese: 当時の社会における前方後円墳そのものの位置づけにも変化が起きてきたと考えられる。
English: In contrast, unlike elsewhere, in the Kanto region, many keyhole-shaped tumuli including those with burial mounds being as long as 100 meters such as Saitama-kofun Tumuli Group were constructed in the sixth century.
Japanese: 一方、関東地方では他の地方とは異なり、6世紀、埼玉古墳群など墳丘長100メートルクラスを含む前方後円墳が盛んに造られる。
English: Keyhole-shaped tumuli were build with regional characteristics, such as Saitama-kofun Tumuli Group with a rectangular double moat and a keyhole-shaped tumulus in Shimotsuke with a wide plane surface called kidan (a platform on which a tomb was placed).
Japanese: 埼玉古墳群では長方形をした二重周濠の築造、下野の前方後円墳では基壇と呼ばれる広い平坦面を持った前方後円墳など、地域色が見られる前方後円墳が造られている。
English: During the sixth century, across-the-board regulations concerning the construction of tombs were yet to be implemented nationwide.
Japanese: そして、6世紀の段階ではまだ全国一律の造墓規制を行う段階には至っていない。
English: From the time when they first appeared, construction of keyhole-shaped tumuli, including large-scale tumuli that are considered to be the mausoleums of Okimi, was concentrated in Kinai
Japanese: 前方後円墳の出現期から、大王陵と見られる大型の古墳を始めとする多くの前方後円墳が集中的に造られてきた畿内。
English: However, the keyhole-shaped tumulus built in the Furuichi-kofun Tumuli Group in the mid-sixth century was the last constructed in any of the kofun-tumuli groups found in Kinai.
Japanese: その畿内の古墳群では、6世紀半ばに古市古墳群で前方後円墳の築造が終了した後、前方後円墳は造られないようになった。
English: In the latter part of the sixth century, construction of these tombs ceased throughout the country.
Japanese: そして、6世紀後半になると、全国各地で前方後円墳が造られないようになっていく。
English: The shape of the mausoleums of Okimi also changed from a keyhole to a square after the construction of Mise Maruyama-kofun Tumulus, Umeyama-kofun Tumulus and Taishi Nishiyama-kofun Tumulus, all of which are believed to have been built in the second half of the sixth century.
Japanese: 大王陵としても6世紀後半に造営されたとみられる見瀬丸山古墳か梅山古墳、または太子西山古墳を最後に前方後円墳から方墳へと変わった。
English: Keyhole-shaped tumuli continued to have been built in some regions such as Kanto and Suo between the beginning and the first half of the seventh century.
Japanese: 関東地方や周防など、一部の地域で7世紀初め～前半まで前方後円墳の築造が続いたケースもある。
English: Keyhole-shaped tumuli consist of various elements including a burial mound (the front square, the rounded rear, and tsukuridashi, or a space for religious ceremonies), burial facilities (a coffin room, a compartment protecting coffin room, and a stone chamber), gravel goods, and external facilities (fuki-ishi for hardening the mound covering a tomb and the earthenware, haniwa, and the other related items used in rituals).
Japanese: 前方後円墳は、憤丘（前方部・後方部・造出）、埋葬施設（棺室・槨室・石室）、副葬品、外表施設（封土固めの葺石、祭祀用の土器・埴輪など）などの諸要素から成っている。
English: This is because it was there where the deceased chief was buried and grand burial rituals were held.
Japanese: それは、そこに亡き首長を埋葬し、盛大に埋葬祭祀が行われてきたからである。
English: Fuki-ishi were laid on the slope at the time of the construction to keep people from climbing.
Japanese: 築造当時には斜面に葺き石が敷かれて、登ることができないように造られている。
English: However, it is often difficult to reach the top and a burial pit underneath by using ryuki sado alone.
Japanese: しかし、この斜道だけで、頂上や頂下の墓壙に達することが難しい場合が多い。
English: Thus, horiwari bodo (a trench path to the tomb) leading up to the pit was built in the middle of the sloping road.
Japanese: そのため、斜道の途中から墓壙に達するための掘割墓道（ほりわりぼどう）を設置した。
English: As described above, it can be said that keyhole-shaped tumuli are surrounded by steep slopes to discourage people from climbing.
Japanese: このように前方後円墳は簡単に登れないような急斜面で囲まれているといってもよい。
English: With respect to the oldest keyhole-shaped tumuli, the frontal surface of the square front is shaped like a plectrum, as that in the third-century Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus.
Japanese: 最古の前方後円墳は3世紀代の箸墓古墳のように前方部の前面幅が撥（バチ）形になっている。
English: Later, in more recent years (in the middle of the Kofun Period), the width of the front square became comparable to the diameter of the rounded rear.
Japanese: その後、時代が下るにつれて後円部の直径と前方部の幅がほぼ同じとなる（古墳時代中期）。
English: Some keyhole-shaped tumuli of the late Kofun Period have a shape referred to as 'kenbishi-gata'
Japanese: また、古墳時代後期の一部の前方後円墳には、「剣菱形」と呼ばれる形状をしているものがある。
English: The center of the square front is somewhat angular and is projecting outward like the Japanese letter 'へ' in this form.
Japanese: それは前方部の中央がへの字のようにやや角ばって外側に突き出すような形状をしている。
English: (Kenbishi-gata is found only in Imashirozuka-kofun Tumulus, Kawachi Otsukayama-kofun Tumulus, Mise Maruyama-kofun Tumulus, Toriya Misanzai-kofun Tumulus, and Kawarazuka-kofun Tumulus.)
Japanese: （なお剣菱形が確認されているのは今城塚古墳、河内大塚山古墳、見瀬丸山古墳、鳥屋ミサンザイ古墳、瓦塚古墳。)
English: It is found in the constricted portion of the large-scale, keyhole-shaped tumuli whose burial mound is longer than 200 meters.
Japanese: 憤丘長200メートルを超える大形前方後円墳の括れ部（くびれぶ）裾に造り出しが見られる。
English: It is installed in the large-scale, keyhole-shaped tumuli of Sakitatenami-kofun Tumuli Group as well as those of Umami-kofun Tumuli Group in the east of the Nara Basin.
Japanese: 佐紀盾列古墳群と奈良盆地西方の馬見古墳群の大形前方後円墳に設けられる。
English: It is also set up in the large- and middle-scale, keyhole-shaped tumuli of Furuichi-kofun Tumuli Group and Mozu-kofun Tumuli Group.
Japanese: その他、古市古墳群・百舌鳥古墳群の大形と中形前方後円墳にも設けられる。
English: The fact that rituals and tsuiso (the burial of an individual in the same tumulus which has already been occupied by the remains of another person) were held in tsukuridashi built near the foot of the constricted portion of the tumulus and not at the summit suggests that there may have been a change in attitude towards funeral rites.
Japanese: 祭祀・追葬が後円部や前方部の墳頂で行われるのではなく、括れ部裾付近に作られた造出で行われたことは、葬送儀礼の考え方が変わって来たのではないか。
English: It is considered that the top of a tomb being regarded as a forbidden and revered area had something to do with such a change.
Japanese: それは、墳頂へ登ることが禁忌され、畏敬されたことと関わっていると考えられる。
English: The earthenware used in burial rituals include the Miyayama-type special vessel stands and jars as well as the Totsuki-type cylindrical haniwa, which is said to be the oldest haniwa evolved from the foregoing along with the next oldest group of haniwa including special jar-shaped haniwa, cylindrical haniwa, house-shaped haniwa, weapon-like haniwa and human-shaped haniwa.
Japanese: 埋葬祭祀で使用された土器は、最古級の前方後円墳では、宮山型特殊器台・特殊壺、この土器から変化した最古の埴輪といわれる都月形円筒埴輪と次に古い特殊壺形埴輪、円筒埴輪、家型埴輪、武器形埴輪、人形埴輪などである。
English: It is considered that rituals were held to succeed to the soul of the deceased chief and the chieftainship, using those big utensils which attract attention.
Japanese: このような大きな目立つ道具を使って亡くなった首長の霊魂と首長権を継承するための祭祀を行ったと考えられる。
English: Not only the remains of one person but also his family members and blood relations can b buried there.
Japanese: そして、一人の死者だけでなく親族や血族の死者を一緒に葬ることができる。
English: It is very different from the previous burial method in which one deceased person (such as the chief) was buried in a stone-lined dugout.
Japanese: 今までの竪穴式石室の一人の死者（首長）を葬るという葬法とは大いに違う。
English: Burial rituals take place in the following order: ascend to the top of the front square via a corner (on either the right or left of the frontal surface of the square front), descend toward the rounded rear, go up the ryuki shado (a slope built to make it easier to climb to the rounded rear), and enter the burial pit through a horiwari bodo (a path to the stone chamber).
Japanese: 埋葬祭祀は、隅角（前方部の前面の左右のどちらか）から前方部頂へ登り、そこから後円部に向かって降りていき、隆起斜道（後円部へ登りやすくした斜面）を登り、掘割墓道（石室への道）を経て墓壙に入る。
English: Hwangnam Great Tumulus in Kyŏngju, Silla, with its total length measuring 120 meters, is known to be the oldest tumulus in the Republic of Korea.
Japanese: 韓国最大の古墳としては、全長120メートルの新羅慶州の皇南大塚が知られている。
English: However, it is composed of two round mounds, being a different variety from keyhole-shaped tumuli in Japan.
Japanese: だが、これは墳形が双円墳であり、日本の前方後円墳とは系統が異なっている。
English: Yet, keyhole-shaped tumuli were found one after another in the southwestern Korean Peninsula after the introduction of Shokakudo No. 1 Kofun Tumulus, which is located in Kosŏng, South Kyŏngsang, the Republic of Korea, as one of them in 1993.
Japanese: しかし、1983年に大韓民国慶尚南道固城の松鶴洞一号墳が前方後円墳であるとして紹介されて以来、朝鮮半島南西部で前方後円墳の発見が相次いだ。
English: The subsequent investigation revealed that Shokakudo No. 1 Kofun Tumulus consisted of three overlapping round barrows with each of them having been built in different times whereby it became apparent that it was not a keyhole-shaped tumulus.
Japanese: その後の調査により、松鶴洞一号墳は築成時期の異なる3基の円墳が重なり合ったものであり、前方後円墳ではないことが明らかになった。
English: On the other hand, there are eleven and two keyhole-shaped tumuli that have been confirmed to date in South Chŏlla and North Chŏlla, respectively.
Japanese: とはいえ、現在までに全羅南道に11基、全羅北道に2基の前方後円墳が確認されている。
English: All of the keyhole-shaped tumuli in the Korean Peninsula were built in a very limited time period between the latter half of the fifth century and the middle of the sixth century.
Japanese: 朝鮮半島の前方後円墳はいずれも5世紀後半から6世紀中葉という極めて限られた時期に成立したものである。
English: It is known that some Japanese artifacts, such as cylindrical haniwa, items made of seashells from the southern islands and a stone chamber painted with red-ocher inside have been found in these burial mounds.
Japanese: 円筒埴輪や南島産貝製品、内部をベンガラで塗った石室といった倭系遺物を伴うことが知られている。
English: The discovery mentioned in the foregoing generated an opinion suggesting that these keyhole-shaped tumuli may have been tombs of the local lords of Gaya who joined forces with powerful Japanese to retaliate against Paekche, which, in an attempt to advance southward, was putting enormous pressure on Gaya in those days when Gaya also actively adopted culture and customs of Japan.
Japanese: そのことから、これらの前方後円墳は、当時南下しようとして盛んにこの地域に圧力をかけていた百済に対抗すべく、倭人の勢力と結託してその文化・風習を積極的に取り入れた伽耶の在地領主の墳墓ではないかという説が出されている。
English: The size of these keyhole-shaped tumuli was fundementally decided by how close those local lords were to the Imperial Court as well as their status.
Japanese: 基本的にこうした前方後円墳の大きさは、朝廷とどの程度親密か、どの程度の地位があるかのよって決定される。
English: With regard to chiefs of tribes and communities that were subordinate to the Imperial Court, their keyhole-shaped tumuli are often eighty to 100 meters in length.
Japanese: 朝廷に従属した部族、集落の長の前方後円墳はちょうど80メートルないし100メートル規模であることが多い。
English: These examples are also found in the Tohoku region of Japan prior to the seventh century.
Japanese: こうした例は日本においても、7世紀以前の東北地方において多くみられる。
English: There is also another opinion that they are the tombs of the Japanese lords who were sent from Japan as provincial governors such as Hozumi no Omi Oshiyama (as mentioned in the chapter covering 512 of "Nihon Shoki" (The Chronicles of Japan)).
Japanese: また、この地方の国守として倭より派遣されていたとされる穂積臣押山（ほづみのおみおしやま。『日本書紀』継体六(512)年条に記述がある）のような倭人領主の墳墓と見る説もある。
English: Rokumei-kan Pavilion is a place of social interaction built by the Meiji Government in order to receive diplomats and international guests of honor.
Japanese: 鹿鳴館（ろくめいかん）とは外国からの賓客や外交官を接待するために明治政府によって建てられた社交場である。
English: It is the Gaimu-kyo (called the Minister of Foreign Affairs after the introduction of the cabinet system [in Japan]), Kaoru INOUE, who promoted the plan.
Japanese: 計画を推進したのは外務卿（内閣制度以降は外務大臣(日本)）井上馨である。
English: The topic of the Japanese foreign policy of the time concerned negotiations to revise unequal treaties, especially to remove the extraterritorial rights of foreigners.
Japanese: 当時の日本外交の課題は不平等条約改正交渉、特に外国人に対する治外法権の撤廃であった。
English: However, many of those living in Japan had actually witnessed crucifixion and decapitation, which had been practiced until a few years ago.
Japanese: だが、日本に住む外国人の多くは数年前まで行われていた磔刑や打ち首を実際に目撃していた。
English: Thus, Inoue considered it necessary to show it to foreigners that Japan was a civilized country.
Japanese: そのため、井上は日本が文明国であることを外国人に示す必要があると考えた。
English: In 1870, the government was borrowing the Enryo-kan Mansion of the Hama-rikyu Imperial Villa that was repaired in haste, the Hachisuka-tei Residence in Mita, and so on.
Japanese: そして、1870年（明治3年）、急遽改修した浜離宮の延遼館かあるいは三田の蜂須賀邸などを借用していた。
English: It was decided to build the Rokumei-kan Pavilion in the once Shozoku-yashiki Premises of the former Satsuma clan in Uchiyamashita Town (where there is Yamato Life Insurance Building next to the present Imperial Hotel in current Uchisaiwai Town, Chiyoda Ward).
Japanese: 鹿鳴館の建設地は内山下町の旧薩摩藩装束屋敷跡（現在の千代田区内幸町、現帝国ホテル隣の大和生命ビルの地）に決まった。
English: And Doboku Yotatsugumi (a civil engineering company established by the joint investment of Kihachiro OKURA and Toshinao HORIKAWA) took charge of the construction.
Japanese: 施工は土木用達組（大倉喜八郎と堀川利尚との共同出資で設立した組織）が担当した。
English: (Taisei Corporation has its root in the construction department of Okuragumi Shokai founded by Kihachiro OKURA.)
Japanese: （大倉喜八郎が創立した大倉組商会の建設部門は大成建設の源流である。）
English: A banquet was held in celebration of the completion of the construction work with 1200 invitees on November 28, 1883.
Japanese: 1883年（明治16年）11月28日、1200名を招待して落成の祝宴が行われた。
English: The Rokumei-kan Pavilion began to be used, not only to receive international guests of honor, but also to convene many domestic events including a celebration of Tencho Setsu (a day to pray for the emperor's long life on November 3, which was also the birthday of the Emperor Meiji).
Japanese: 鹿鳴館では外国からの賓客接待ばかりでなく、天長節（11月3日、明治天皇誕生日）の祝賀会行事をはじめ数々の国内行事も行われるようになった。
English: On the other hand, nationalists attacking the Europeanization policy criticized these events as being 'decadent functions leading to competition for lust and luxury and to indulgence in pleasure.'
Japanese: 一方、欧化政策を批判する国粋主義者は「嬌奢を競い淫逸にいたる退廃的行事」として非難の声を挙げていた。
English: And they clearly acted out of line, drinking the water of a finger bowl thinking it was drinking water, looking shabby in wrinkled clothes, tightening corsets to an extreme, and so on.
Japanese: フィンガーボールの水を飲料水と勘違いして飲んだり服装がしわくちゃでとてもみっともない格好になっていたりコルセットをギリギリまできつくしめるなど明らかに常識外れの行動をとっていた。
English: Thus, the diplomats of Western countries were scoffing at the balls that were being held night after night describing them as 'ludicrous' and so on in their letters, diaries, and so forth, while they outwardly enjoyed the events.
Japanese: そのため、西欧諸国の外交官もうわべでは連夜の舞踏会を楽しみながら、書面や日記などには「滑稽」などと記して嘲笑していた。
English: And it faced a fierce opposition when the proposals for revising treaties (for example, the appointment of foreign judges) became public.
Japanese: そして、さらに条約改正案（外国人判事の任用など）が世間に知られると、大反対が起こった
English: Inoue lost face and resigned his position as the Minister of Foreign Affairs on September, 1887.
Japanese: 面目を失した井上は1887年（明治20年）4月9月に外務大臣を辞任した。
English: However, an evening party was still held in the Rokumei-kan Pavilion on Tencho Settsu, even after his resignation, during the period between 1888 and 1890 and in 1893.
Japanese: なお、井上の辞任後も1888年～1890年、1893年（明治21～23、26年）の天長節夜会は鹿鳴館で開催された。
English: One of the most famous events of Inoue's Diplomacy, a masquerade (a fancy ball) of April 20, 1887, was not held in the Rokumei-kan Pavilion but in his official residence.
Japanese: 井上外交の中でも有名な1887年（明治20年）4月20日の仮装舞踏会（ファンシー・ボール）は鹿鳴館ではなく、首相官邸で行われたものである。
English: (And it is said that Prime Minister Ito rented his official residence out of goodwill.)
Japanese: （そして、伊藤首相の好意で会場として貸し出されたものとされている。）
English: No sooner was this masquerade held than the nationalists reviled it as 'a sign of the ruin of the country.'
Japanese: 国粋主義者は、この仮装舞踏会が開催されるや「亡国のきざし」と口を極めて罵った。
English: The building that used to be the Rokumei-kan Pavilion was preserved, even after it was sold to Chohei Seimei Hoken (Conscription Life Insurance, or the present Yamato Life Insurance Co. Ltd.) in 1927.
Japanese: 旧鹿鳴館の建物は1927年（昭和2年）、徴兵生命保険（現・大和生命保険）に売却された後も保存されていた。
English: Incidentally, the so-called 'Kuro-mon Gate' that was in the once Shozoku-yashiki Premises of the former Satsuma clan and that was used as the main gate of the Rokumei-kan Pavilion was designated as a former national treasure.
Japanese: なお、鹿鳴館の正門として使用された旧薩摩藩装束屋敷跡の通称「黒門」は旧国宝に指定されていた。
English: It is said that Japan Conscription Insurance Company decided to destroy the building because it was a waste and bad economy to let a lot, which was large relative to the building, sit idle in the period, in which there is a dearth of buildings and a sho (a unit of volume that is equivalent to approximately 1.8 liters) of soil is worth a sho of gold.'
Japanese: 「日本徴兵保険会社では最近のビル飢饉時代に建物に比較して広大な敷地を遊ばしておくのは土一升、金一升の場所から惜しいところでもあり、不経済であるとの理由で建物の取毀しを決定したともいはれる。」
English: It decided informally to build a temporary shack in the site after the building is destroyed and rent it as a branch office of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.'
Japanese: 「取毀した敷地後にはバラツク仮建築を建築して商工省分室として貸室することに内定。」
English: The staircase and wallpaper removed at the time are preserved in the Department of Architecture of the School of Engineering of the University of Tokyo.
Japanese: その際に取外された階段と壁紙は、東京大学工学部建築学科に保存されている。
English: The chandelier sold then is also kept in the Tomyo-ji Temple in Edogawa Ward.
Japanese: また、その際に売却されたシャンデリアが江戸川区の灯明寺に残っている。
English: An architect, Yoshiro TANIGUCHI, wrote an article on the disappearance of the Rokumei-kan Pavilion with a title, 'Lamentation of Meiji,' for the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shinbun in November 8.
Japanese: 建築家谷口吉郎は、鹿鳴館の滅失について、11月8日の東京日日新聞に「明治の哀惜」というタイトルで記事を寄せた。
English: Could not people born in Meiji period gather their belongings to create a small museum?'
Japanese: 「明治に生れた人達が、自分の所持品を持ちよつて、それを小博物館にすることは出来なかつたらうか。」
English: I believe it would have been a truly excellent gift for the future generations from the people of the Meiji period.'
Japanese: 「明治時代の人から、次の時代に贈るほんとにいい贈物になつたことと思ふ。」
English: If the new establishment is fired with progressive consciousness, I wish it to be extremely conservative, on the contrary, with regard to the old cultural assets.'
Japanese: 「新体制が活発な革新意識に燃えるものであるなら、それと反対に古い文化財に対しては極度に保守的であつて欲しいと思ふ。」
English: In 1884, 'Tokyo Club' which was based on a membership system was created in the Rokumei-kan Pavilion to foster a harmonious association with foreigners.
Japanese: 1884年（明治17年）、鹿鳴館に外国人との融和交際の為に会員制の「東京倶楽部」が設けられた。
English: Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya (also known as Asuka Kiyomigahara no Miya) was a palace where Emperor Tenmu and then by Empress Jito lived in the late seventh century.
Japanese: 飛鳥浄御原宮（あすかのきよみはらのみや、あすかきよみがはらのみや）は、7世紀後半の天皇である天武天皇と持統天皇の2代が営んだ宮。
English: As a result of a recent dig, it is now believed to be located in the Asuka-kyo (the capital of Asuka) Ruins in Oka, Asuka Village.
Japanese: 近年の発掘成果により同村、岡の飛鳥京跡にあったと考えられようになっている。
English: Take this into account, the palace name 'Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya' was named in 686.
Japanese: これを信じれば、「飛鳥浄御原宮」という宮号は天武十五年（朱鳥元、686）に名づけられたことになる。
English: Then it means the palace had no name from December 672 to July 686.
Japanese: 672年12月～686年7月までは、この宮の名がなかったことになる。
English: The palaces in Asuka had place-names where they were located, as will be seen from the names, such as Toyura no Miya, Oharida no Miya, Asuka Okamoto no Miya and Nochino Asuka no Okamoto no Miya.
Japanese: 飛鳥の諸宮の名は、豊浦宮、小墾田宮、飛鳥岡本宮、後飛鳥岡本宮などで分かるように地名をつけている。
English: Kiyomihara' was a Buddhist invocation, so the palace was named in the hope for purification of evil and recovery of the Emperor from illness.
Japanese: 「浄御原」は一種の嘉号であり、朱鳥年号とともに、不祥を祓い天皇の病気平癒を願ったものであるという。
English: In the Taika Zendai period (before the Taika Reforms), the palace moved with the subrogation of emperors mostly within Asuka region.
Japanese: 大化前代の宮（皇居）は、多く飛鳥地方の中で天皇の代ごとに移っていた。
English: At the Taika period, Emperor Kotoku decided to build Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya in Naniwa, and Emperor Tenchi moved the palace to Omi no Otsu no Miya.
Japanese: 大化の時に孝徳天皇は難波（なにわ）に難波宮（ながらのとよさきのみや）を造り、天智天皇は近江大津宮に移った。
English: Prince Oama, who won the Jinshin War in 672, constructed the palace to put the capital back to Asuka from Omi no Miya in Omi Province (currently Shiga Prefecture) where was the capital during the periods of Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Kobun.
Japanese: 672年の壬申の乱に勝利し大海人皇子が、天智天皇・弘文天皇の都であった近江国（滋賀県）の近江宮から飛鳥に都を戻すべく造営した。
English: After that, Emperor Tenmu and next Empress Jito who was Emperor Tenmu's wife started a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes at the palace over the 20 years.
Japanese: その後、天武天皇とその夫人で次の天皇となった持統天皇は、20年以上に渡ってこの宮で律令国家の基礎を築く事業を進めたとされる。
English: According to the "Nihonshoki" edited in the seventh century, there were some palace buildings named such as Uchi no Andono in Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya Palace.
Japanese: 7世紀に編纂された『日本書紀』から、内安殿など様々な名前をもった殿舎が飛鳥浄御原宮に存在したことが判明している。
English: In 2004, the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture, excavated the Asuka-kyo Ruins and found remains of a large high-floored building.
Japanese: 2004年、飛鳥京跡の発掘を進めていた奈良県立橿原考古学研究所は、大型の高床式建物跡を発見した。
English: The palace fell within the range approximately measuring 800 meters from north to south and 500 meters from east to west.
Japanese: 宮域は、南北800メートル、東西500メートルくらいの範囲に収まる。
English: The Museum Yamatobunkakan is a private museum that displays mainly oriental antique arts.
Japanese: 大和文華館（やまとぶんかかん）は、奈良県奈良市にある、東洋古美術を中心とする私立美術館である。
English: In 1946 Torao OITA, the president of Kinki Nippon Railway Company (Kintetsu), established the Museum Yamatobunkakan Foundation.
Japanese: 昭和21年（1946年）、近畿日本鉄道（近鉄）社長であった種田虎雄（おいたとらお）は、財団法人大和文華館を設立した。
English: OITA decided to establish a hall of arts worthy of the railway company connecting cultural centers of Japan--Kyoto, Nara, and Ise-- and appointed Yukio YASHIRO, worldly known historian of art as the first director and requested the works to do so.
Japanese: 京都、奈良、伊勢という日本の文化の中心地を結ぶ鉄道会社にふさわしい美術の殿堂をつくろうと考えた種田は、世界的な美術史学者・矢代幸雄を初代館長に任命し、その仕事を依頼した。
English: YASHIRO, a scholar, worked hard to collect high-quality artworks not according to his personal taste but systematically.
Japanese: 学者である矢代は、個人の好みによってではなく、質の高い作品を系統的に収集することに尽力した。
English: OITA soon died, but his wish was taken over to Isamu SAEKI over 10 years and carried out with the opening of Museum Yamatobunkakan as a part of commemorative event of the 50's anniversary of Kintetsu in 1960.
Japanese: 種田はほどなく他界したが、彼の遺志は十数年を経て佐伯勇に引き継がれて実現し、昭和35年（1960年）、近鉄の創立50周年行事の一環として大和文華館が開館した。
English: Most private museums are based on a large collection of entrepreneurs and Daimyo family (feudal lord family), etc.
Japanese: 日本の私立美術館の多くが、実業家、大名家などの大コレクションを母体にしている.