nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Iesue and his elder brother Takasue sided with and fought for the Imperial Court, and the following year 1334 thru 1335, his elder brother Takasue was reassured his main territory by Akiie KITABATAKE.
Japanese: このとき、家季は兄高季とともに朝廷方として参戦したと見られ、翌1334年（建武(日本)元年）から1335年（建武2年）には兄高季は本領を北畠顕家に安堵されている。
English: However, according to the gokyousho (official letter of adjudication) issued by Akiie, it was suspicious at best by the statement of Iesue that asserted the territory of Tsugaru and Sotogahama was placed under his trust by Akiie while telling the Kokufu (national government), it was placed under trust by Ashikaga.
Japanese: しかしこのころと見られている顕家御教書によると、顕家は家季が津軽と外ヶ浜を押領しようと足利方には顕家から預かったと主張し国府には足利から預かったと称している様子を「不審極まりなく候」と見ていたことが分かる。
English: Afterwards, Takasue and Iesue brothers sided with the Northern Court (Japan) and in 1336, Iesue was ordered to become Tsugaru battle bugyo (commander) by Ienaga SHIBA and attacked the Southern Court side Nanbu clan at its base castle.
Japanese: その後、高季、家季兄弟は北朝(日本)方につき、1336年（建武3年）には家季が斯波家長により津軽合戦奉行に命ぜられ、南朝(日本)方の南部氏を根城に攻撃している。
English: However, according to the historical records kept by the Nanbu clan, by 1338 the signatory of Ikkenjo (acknowledgement of reading military document) was made by his elder brother Morosue and no historical records of Iesue were to be found thereafter.
Japanese: しかし、南部氏に伝わる史料によると、1338年（建武4年/延元2年）には、一見状の発給元が兄師季に代わっており、これ以降家季に関する史料は見えない。
English: Tanenaga WADA (1183 - May 30, 1213) was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 和田胤長（わだたねなが、寿永2年（1183年）-建暦3年5月9日(旧暦)（1213年5月30日））は、鎌倉幕府の御家人。
English: He was captured with his cousins, Yoshinao WADA and Yoshishige WADA (Yoshimori's son), by reason that they took part in the conspiracy to commit the revolt of Chikahira IZUMI.
Japanese: いとこの和田義直、和田義重（義盛の子）らとともに泉親衡の乱の謀議に加わり、捕縛された。
English: Although Yoshinao and Yoshishige were pardoned thanks to entreaty of Yoshimori, only Tanenaga was not pardoned and was exiled to Iwase District, Mutsu Province (later Iwashiro no kuni).
Japanese: このとき義盛の嘆願により義直、義重は赦免されたが、胤長一人だけ赦されず、陸奥国（後の岩代国）岩瀬郡に配流となった。
English: Furthermore, Tanenaga's residence which was confiscated was not given to Yoshimori but taken away by Yoshitoki HOJO out of rule.
Japanese: さらに、没収された胤長の屋敷が、慣例に反して義盛には与えられず北条義時が召し上げてしまった。
English: Unzen KUSHIRO (1759-December 31, 1811) was a painter in the literary artist's style in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 釧雲泉（くしろうんぜん、宝暦9年（1759年）-文化(元号)8年11月16日(旧暦)（1811年12月31日））は、江戸時代後期の文人画である。
English: His first name was Ju, pseudonym was Chufu, common name was Bunpei, and another names were Rodo, Taigaku, Rokuseki, and Rairaikoji and others.
Japanese: 名前を就（じゅ）、字を仲孚（ちゅうふ）、通称文平、別号に、魯堂（ろどう）、岱岳（たいがく）、六石（ろくせき）、磊落居士（らいらいこじ）などがある。
English: Unzen was born near Nodamyo-ji Temple in Shimabara, Hizen Province (Chidiwa-cho, Nagasaki Prefecture) as a son of a retainer of the Shimabara Domain.
Japanese: 宝暦9年　島原藩士の子として肥前国島原（長崎県千々石町）の野田名寺の付近に生まれる。
English: From a child, he was fond of paintings, and there is an anecdote that he always spread mud and painted picture with a bamboo stick on a big stone called Unzen no tenarai ishi (Unzen's stone for learning) in a Shinto shrine, returning home with his dirty clothes.
Japanese: 幼少より絵を好み、いつも神社の大きな石（雲泉の手習い石）に泥を塗って竹箆で絵を描いては衣服を汚して帰ったという逸話が残っている。
English: When he was around ten years old, he became a trainee priest of Unzen Ichijo-in Temple, but he kept painting whenever he had time.
Japanese: 10歳の頃、雲仙一乗院の小僧となるが、ここでも暇さえあれば絵を描いていたという。
English: After that, he accompanied his father to study in Nagasaki, and learned about the Qing dynasty and the art of the Nanga (a school of painting originating in China).
Japanese: その後、父に同行し長崎に遊学し、清について学問と南画の画法を学んだ。
English: His teachers are unknown, but since then, he admired Tohokuen, Geiunrin, and 王麓台.
Japanese: このときの師は明らかではないが以来、董北苑や倪雲林・王麓台に私淑するようになる。
English: In March 1791, when he was 32 years old, Unzen was introduced to Kenkado KIMURA by Baimei TOTOKI and visited Kenkado, who was deported to Nagashima-cho, Ise Province (Mie Prefecture) at that time.
Japanese: 寛政3年3月（1791年、32歳）、十時梅厓の紹介で伊勢国長島町(三重県)に流謫中の木村蒹葭堂を訪ねる。
English: In the same year, Unzen got an introduction from Kakusai UNNO, who was an Edogaro (chief retainer stayed in Edo) of the Niwase Domain in Bicchu Province and became friends with Unzen in Edo, to Ensho MORIOKA, who was a real brother of Kakusai and a Karo of the Niwase Domain in the Bicchu Province and Unzen stayed Ensho's house.
Japanese: 同年、江戸で親交のあった備中国庭瀬藩江戸家老海野蠖斎の紹介を得て、蠖斎の実兄である備中の庭瀬藩家老森岡延璋のもとに身を寄せる。
English: Around 1792, when he was 33 years old, he often traveled from Bishu to Kyoto and Osaka.
Japanese: 寛政4年（1792年、33歳）頃から、備州と京都大坂をたびたび往来している。
English: Departed from Takasaki City, he went through Annaka City, crossed the Usui-toge Pass, and entered Shinano Province, and then went down the Shinano-gawa River, and finally reached to Kashiwazaki City in Echigo Province.
Japanese: 高崎市から安中市を抜け碓氷峠を越えて信濃国入りし、信濃川を下って越後国の柏崎市に至る。
English: In June, 1811 (52 years old), he stayed at the OKADA family in Nakajo Town, and the SAKAI family in Yoshida Town (Niigata Prefecture) with Housai KAMEDA to draw pictures.
Japanese: 文化8年(1811年、52歳)5月には、亀田鵬斎とともに中条町の岡田家、吉田町(新潟県)の酒井家に逗留し画を描いている。
English: Requested from Kakusai UNNO, Housai KAMEDA inscribed on Unzen's tombstone, carved as 'Unzen sanjin bomei' (epitaph on tombstone of Unzen, a hermit).
Japanese: 海野蠖斎の依頼を受けて亀田鵬斎が碑銘し「雲泉山人墓銘」として刻されている。
English: While he had a meticulous nature, he was extremely difficult, and hated snobs that Unzen did not speak people who he hated and often threw his paintbrush and glass to drive them away.
Japanese: 几帳面である反面、はなはだ気難しく、俗物を嫌い気に入らない人物とは口も利かず、筆や杯を投げて帰らせることもたびたびあった。
English: Because of his obsession with cleanliness, he did not feel right unless he did cooking and washing by himself.
Japanese: 異常なほど潔癖症で料理や洗濯は自ら行わないと気が済まなかったと伝えられる。
English: Strongly influenced by Chinese painters such as Gen TO, Unrin GEI, and Shukoku CHO, his paintings are vivid, civilized, and supermundane.
Japanese: 中国の画家董源や倪雲林、張秋谷らの影響がみられ、気韻生動、筆墨淡雅で、超俗の趣を持つ。
English: Chikuden TANOMURA, who respected Unzen, lamented in his book, "Tosekisasaroku," that 'he taught people about Unzen, but they did not know Unzen was in their village.'
Japanese: 「居民に雲仙あるを説けども、邑に雲泉あるを知らず」と雲泉を敬慕した田能村竹田はその著『屠赤瑣瑣録』で嘆いている。
English: Unzen's works are highly evaluated in "Museishiwa" and "槃礴脞話" written by Uju KANAI and 森島長志 respectively.
Japanese: 金井烏洲『無声詩話』や森島長志『槃礴脞話』の「雲泉画譚」に雲泉の作が高く評価されている。
English: According to "南宗書画品価録" published in 1866, each of Unzen's paintings were sold for a large sum of money of three ryo (unit of currency), the second largest amount after Taiga IKENO.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）刊の『南宗書画品価録』には池大雅に次ぐ一点3両の高額で売買されていたことが記されている。
English: Masakaze TAKASAKI (September 8, 1836 - February 28, 1912) was a patriot, a poet and a songwriter.
Japanese: 高崎正風（たかさきまさかぜ、天保7年7月28日(旧暦)（1836年9月8日）-明治45年（1912年2月28日）は志士、歌人、作詞家。
English: In 1849, his father Goroemon did Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) for the Oyura feud and the next year, 1850, Masakaze was also implicated in it and deported to Amami-Oshima Island.
Japanese: 1849年（嘉永2年）、お由羅騒動によって父五郎右衛門が切腹し、翌1850年（嘉永3年）正風も連座して奄美大島に流刑となった。
English: After he was pardoned in 1852, he had been active in Kyoto in the end of Edo period and he received a will from Hisamitsu SHIMIZU of the party of Kobu-Gattai (the union of the court and the shogunate) to contact secretly with Teijiro AKIZUKI, Aizu Domain Koyokata (the highest consultative body of Aizu Domain), and then he sought to drive away Choshu Domain from Kyoto.
Japanese: 1852年（嘉永5年）赦免され幕末の京都で活動し、公武合体派の島津久光の意を受けて会津藩公用方秋月悌次郎に密かに接触し、京から長州藩の追い落としを図った。
English: On August 18, 1863, he succeeded it (Coup of August 18), which made him a leading figure of Satsuma-Aizu Alliance.
Japanese: 1863年（文久3年）8月18日(旧暦)これを成功させ（八月十八日の政変）、薩会同盟の立役者となる。
English: Although he was appointed to Kyoto rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) with that achievement, he was in opposition to Takamori SAIGO and the others against overthrowing the Shogunate by military power so that he lamented his misfortune after Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: その功により京都留守居役に任命されるが、武力討幕に反対して西郷隆盛らと対立し、維新後は不遇をかこった。
English: From 1869 to 1871, he managed the administration in Tarumizu, Satsuma Domain (now Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture) to take measures to 'Heshigo' (abortion).
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）から明治4年（1871年）まで、薩摩藩の垂水（現鹿児島県垂水市）の行政管理をし、「へし児」対策を施した。
English: He served as Jiju Bancho (a junior officer of Chamberlain) in 1875, Outagakari (a former Outadokoro that is Imperial Poetry Bureau) and so on from the next year and he was appointed to the first director of Outadokoro in 1888.
Japanese: 明治8年（1875年）宮中の侍従番長、翌年から御歌掛などをつとめ、明治21年（1888年）には御歌所初代所長に任命された。
English: In 1890, he became the first president of Kokugakuin University by an appeal of Akiyoshi YAMADA, the director of Koten Kokyusho (a research institute for Shinto sect) (through 1893).
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）、皇典講究所所長山田顕義の懇請により初代國學院院長（明治26年まで）。
English: In May, 1887, his achievement of Meiji Restoration was recognized, so that he was given Baron.
Japanese: 明治20年（1887年）5月には、維新の功が認められ男爵を授けられた。
English: He was given the Order in 1898, the Order of the Rising Sun in 1905 and a Senior Second Rank, Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flower after his death.
Japanese: 明治31年（1898年）勲位、明治38年（1905年）旭日章、死去にあたっては正二位勲一等旭日桐花大綬章を授けられる。
English: He also wrote the words for 'Kigensetsu' (the National Foundation Day) (music: Shuji IZAWA), 'Kangaku no uta' (a song for the encouragement scholarship) (music: Yoshiisa OKU), 'Mizu tsuku shikabane' (a corpse soaked in the water) (music: Mitsuyoshi YOSHIMOTO) and so on.
Japanese: 「紀元節」（作曲：伊沢修二）、「勧学の歌」（作曲：奥好義）、「水漬く屍」（作曲：吉本光義）などの作詞も担当した。
English: Shigetane SOMA (date of birth unknown - 1337) was a man who lived during the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 相馬重胤（そうましげたね、?-建武(日本)4年（1337年））は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代(日本)の人物。
English: He often feuded with the members of a main branch of the family Taneuji SOMA, Morotane SOMA (not Shigetane's father) and others over territory and he left for Mutsu Province to build Kodaka-jo Castle to expand his power that led to form the foundation of Mutsu Soma clan.
Japanese: 嫡流（下総相馬氏）の相馬胤氏や相馬師胤（重胤の父とは別人）らと所領を巡りたびたび争いをおこし、陸奥に下向し、小高城を築くなど勢力を広げ、陸奥相馬氏の祖となった。
English: After the fall of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by s shogun) and the Kenmu Restoration was done, he accepted and followed but he collided with the court's side Chiba clan and Shimofusa Soma clan in support of Takauji ASHIKAGA when he came into power.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府の滅亡後、建武の新政が成立するとそれに従ったが、のちに足利尊氏が台頭するとそれに味方し、宮方の千葉氏、下総相馬氏と対立した。
English: Although he sent his son Chikatane to accompany Takauji to the capital and placed the next son Mitsutane to protect the Mutsu Province, he died during the attack by Akiie KITABATAKE while defending Kamakura.
Japanese: 子の親胤を尊氏の上京に従わせる一方で、次子の光胤を陸奥の守りにつかせ、自身は斯波家長と共に鎌倉の守備にあたったが、北畠顕家の攻撃を受け戦死した。
English: In 1437, he took over the family after his father retired, but became ill with an incurable disease and handed over the reign to his son Takatane (later Takatane spelled in a different kanji character) and retired in seclusion but died from the illness.
Japanese: 1437年（永享8年）、父の隠居により家督を継いだものの、1440年（永享11年）に不治の病にかかり、子の隆胤（のちの高胤）に家督を譲り隠棲し、そのまま病没した。
English: Sanemitsu SAIONJI was a daymyo (warring lord)from southern Iyo Province during the Sengoku period.
Japanese: 西園寺実充（さいおんじさねみつ）は、戦国時代(日本)の伊予国南部の戦国大名。
English: He was born in 1510, to Kinie SAIONJI (there is also a theory that says he was a child of Kinsue SAIONJI).
Japanese: 永正7年（1510年）、西園寺公家の子として生まれる（一説に西園寺公季の子とも言われる）。
English: He wielded power over southern Iyo and moved his castle from Matsuba-jo Castle to Kurose-jo Castle, however in 1556, he was defeated in the battle with Toyotsuna UTSUNOMIYA over a territorial dispute that led to the loss of his son Kintaka.
Japanese: 伊予南部で勢力を誇り、居城を松葉城から黒瀬城に移したが、弘治_(日本)2年（1556年）に宇都宮豊綱と領土をめぐって争い、それによる戦いで実子の公高が討死するという敗北を喫した。
English: On August 19, 1560, he was awarded with Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and appointed to sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
Japanese: 永禄3年（1560年）7月18日、従五位下、左近衛少将に叙任された。
English: By June 1565, he was in Kyoto and attended a waka gathering held at the residence of Kimitomo SANJO however he died within the same year.
Japanese: 永禄8年（1565年）5月には上洛し、三条公朝の屋敷における和歌の会に列席したが、同年のうちに死去した。
English: Kangoro HASHIMOTO (1822-1897) was a mason from Higo Domain who was active from the end of the Edo period until the Meiji period.
Japanese: 橋本勘五郎（はしもとかんごろう、文政5年（1822年）-明治30年（1897年））は、江戸時代末期から明治時代にかけて活躍した肥後藩の石工である。
English: He was born in 1822 as the third son of Kahachi in Taneyama-mura, Higo Domain (present-day Toyo-machi, Yatsushiro City, Kumamoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 嘉八の三男として文政5年（1822年）、肥後藩種山村（現熊本県八代市東陽町）に生まれる。
English: Johachi, who studied the art of a mason, built arch-shaped stone bridges along with his brothers, Usuke and Uichi, from his youth onward.
Japanese: 石工としての技術を学んだ丈八は、兄弟の卯助、宇市とともに若いころからアーチ型石橋を架け続ける。
English: In 1847, at the age of twenty-six, he helped Usuke complete Reidai-kyo Bridge (present-day Misato-machi [Kumamoto Prefecture]) in six months, and five years later he built Tsujun-kyo Bridge (present-day Yamato-cho), this time under the leadership of Uichi.
Japanese: 弘化4年（1847年）、丈八26歳のとき卯助を助け霊台橋（現美里町(熊本県)）を6ヶ月で完成させ、その5年後、今度は宇市のもとで通潤橋（現山都町）を建造した。
English: After Tsujun-kyo Bridge was built, he was permitted by Higo Domain to adopt a surname and wear a pair of swords, and his name was changed to Kangoro HASHIMOTO.
Japanese: 通潤橋の架橋後、肥後藩より苗字帯刀を許され、橋本勘五郎と名を改められた。
English: In 1871, he was invited by the Meiji Government to work in Civil Engineering Bureau in Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household), and built Mansei-bashi Bridge in 1873, Asakusa-bashi Bridge and Horai-bashi Bridge the following year, and in1875, Edo-bashi Bridge and Kyo-bashi Bridge.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）、明治政府に招かれ宮内省土木寮勤めとなり、万世橋を明治6年（1873年）に、翌年に浅草橋と蓬莱橋、そしてさらに翌年に江戸橋と京橋を架けた。
English: He is said to have built Niju-bashi Bridge (stone bridge of the Main Gate) of the Imperial Palace as well; however, since the bridge is said to have been completed in 1887, it is not clear whether the bridge was actually a work by Kangoro.
Japanese: 皇居の二重橋（正門石橋）も架けたと言われるが、明治20年完成とされており勘五郎の作かは定かでない。
English: In May of 1873, he is said to have repaired a stone bridge in the Ote-mon Gate; however, it is not clear specifically which bridge was repaired.
Japanese: 明治6年5月に大手門内の石橋を修理したと言われるが、具体的にどの橋か判らない。
English: The master, Shoraku, tried to build a temple to worship the Shoten Buddha of Joy (a small statue of Buddha carried beside the body), which he brought from Goguryeo as a memorial for Jakko, who was believed to be the father of Shoten.
Japanese: 師匠勝楽は聖雲の父とされる若光を弔うため、自ら高句麗から携えてきた念持仏「聖天歓喜仏」を本尊とする寺院を建立しようとした。
English: However, as Shoraku died in 751, Konin, another disciple of Shoraku, built Shoten Shoraku-ji Temple (Hidaka City, Saitama Prefecture) of the Hosso sect of Buddhism (Japanese equivalent of the Chinese Faxiang sect) under the will of the deceased and buried him in the yard of the temple.
Japanese: ところが、勝楽が天平宝字3年（751年）に死去したため、同じく勝楽の弟子・弘仁とともにその遺志を継ぎ、法相宗の聖天院・勝楽寺(日高市)を建立し、師匠を境内に埋葬した。
English: In 1580, Enshin, the 25th Shonin (High Priest) installed Fudo Myoo (Acala - one of the five Kings of Wisdom) as honzon (the principal object of worship in the temple) and he enshrined Shoten Buddha of Joy, the previous honzon, as an associated deity.
Japanese: 天正8年（1580年）には第25世の円真上人が本尊に不動明王を勧請し、本尊の聖天歓喜仏は配祀した。
English: When in August, 1180, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army, Shigenari took the side of the Heike (Taira family) and fought against Yoritomo; in October of the same year, he came under Yoritomo's control and became Yoritomo's gokenin along with the Chichibu family such as Shigetada HATAKEYAMA at a place called Nagai no Watashi along the Sumida-gawa River.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）8月の源頼朝挙兵では平家方として頼朝と敵対したが、同年10月、隅田川の長井の渡しにおいて、畠山重忠ら秩父一族と共に頼朝に帰伏し御家人となる。
English: Later, Shigenari took as his wife a younger sister of Masako HOJO, who was Yoritomo's lawful wife; he was approved to be the landowner of the vast Inage no sho situated in the Tama Hills, constructed Masugata Castle (present-day Ikuta Ryokuchi Park) in Masugata-yama Mountain and called himself by the name of INAGE.
Japanese: その後頼朝の正室北条政子の妹を妻に迎え、多摩丘陵にあった広大な稲毛荘を安堵され、枡形山に枡形城（現生田緑地）を築城、稲毛氏と称した。
English: In 1181, it was discovered that the land in Tama county which was added to Shigenari's territory last year was actually the property of Hirosada HEITA; learning about it, Yoritomo became angry.
Japanese: 養和元年（1181年）、前年に所領として加えられた多磨郡の土地が、本来は平太弘貞の所有である事が発覚し、頼朝の怒りを受ける。
English: In 1187, Shigenari participated in an event of the art of Japanese archery and was granted three bows by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 文治3年（1187年）、弓術の行事に参加し、源頼朝より弓三張が下賜される。
English: He took part in hunting down and killing MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in 1184, and in the Battle of Ichinotani that followed, he joined MINAMOTO no Noriyori's army.
Japanese: 寿永3年（1184年）の源義仲追討に参加、続く一ノ谷の戦いでは源範頼の軍に加わる。
English: In July 1195, Shigenari accompanied Yoritomo who went to Kyoto again, and on the way home, in Mino Province, he learned of his wife's critical condition.
Japanese: 建久6年（1195年）6月、頼朝の再上洛に随行し、その帰路美濃国で妻の危篤を知る。
English: In 1198, Shigenari built a bridge across Sagami-gawa River in memory of his dead wife; Yoritomo who attended the memorial service for the completion of the bridge fell off his horse on the way home and died due to the fall.
Japanese: 建久9年（1198年）、重成は亡き妻のために相模川に橋をかけ、その橋の落成供養に出席した頼朝が帰りの道中で落馬し、それが元で死去している。
English: On July 17, 1205, in the Shigetada HATAKEYAMA Rebellion, Shigenari was blamed for slandering Shigetada, who was innocent, in compliance with the wishes of Tokimasa HOJO, and maneuvering the suppression of Shigetada; on August 6 the following year, Shigenari and his son Shigemasa OZAWA were killed by Yoshimura MIURA.
Japanese: 元久2年（1205年）6月22日(旧暦)の畠山重忠の乱において、重成が北条時政の意を受けて無実の重忠を讒言し、討伐を策動したとして咎めを受け、翌6月23日(旧暦)、子の小沢重政と共に三浦義村に討たれた。
English: Naoyoshi/Masuka YAMAGUCHI (June 21, 1839 - June 12, 1894) was a government official, a statesman, and a former feudal retainer of Saga Domain (from Takeo-ryo).
Japanese: 山口尚芳（やまぐちますか/なおよし、天保10年5月11日(旧暦)(1839年6月21日)-明治27年(1894年)6月12日）は、明治時代の官僚、政治家、もと佐賀藩士（武雄領出身）。
English: As Shigeyoshi NABESHIMA, the lord of Takeo-ryo, Saga Domain, trusted his growing capabilities from an early age, he studied in Nagasaki by the order of Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of Saga Domain, with young people from other domains to learn Duch and Western sciences.
Japanese: 幼少のころから佐賀藩武雄領主鍋島茂義に将来性を見込まれ、佐賀藩主鍋島直正（直正）の命により、他の藩士子弟らとともに長崎に遊学し、オランダ語や蘭学を学んだ。
English: He also learned English from Guido Herman Fridolin Verbeek, who visited Japan at that time, with Shigenobu OKUMA and Taneomi SOEJIMA, who came from the same domain as his.
Japanese: また、同藩の大隈重信・副島種臣らと共に、当時ちょうど来日していたグイド・フルベッキに英語を学んでいる。
English: Under the political situation in the last days of Tokugawa shogunate, he interacted with samurai from Satsuma and Choshu Domains and worked hard for the establishement of the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance.
Japanese: 幕末の政治状況の中で、薩摩藩や長州藩の武士と交流し、薩長連合にも尽力したという。
English: He held a number of posts in the new Meiji government: Gaikoku Jimukyoku Goyo-gakari (a general affairs official of Office for Foreign Affairs) in March 1868; Gaikokukan (an official of Foreign Office) in April; Osaka-fu Hanji-shiho(a probationary magistrate of Osaka Prefecture) in May; Tokyo-fu Hanji (a magistrate of Tokyo Prefecture) and concurrently Gaikoku-gakari (a government official of foreign affairs) following Echigo-fu Hanji (a magistrate of Echigo Prefecture) in September.
Japanese: 明治新政府においては、明治元年（1868年）3月に外国事務局御用掛、4月に外国官、5月に大阪府判事試補、9月に越後府判事続いて東京府判事兼外国掛となる。
English: He also became Gaikokukan Hanji (a magistrate of Foreign Office) in November working at Hakodate Prefecture and was raised to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
Japanese: 11月には外国官判事になるとともに箱館府在勤を命ぜられ、従五位下に叙せられる。
English: In January 1869, he went to Nagasaki to inform Guido Herman Fridolin Verbeek that he was invited to establish a new university in Tokyo; Verbeek accepted the invitation.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）1月、長崎に出向きフルベッキに対し東京に新たに大学を作るため招聘する旨伝え、フルベッキはこれを受諾する。
English: In May, he was appointed Kaikeikan Hanji (a magistrate of Accounting Office), and ordered to work at Osaka Prefecture as Kaikeikan Hanji in June.
Japanese: 5月、会計官判事を命ぜられ、6月には会計官判事をもって大阪府在勤を命ぜられる。
English: In July, he became Okura taijo (Senior Secretary of the Minister of the Treasury) and concurrently Minbu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) to assist Shigenobu OKUMA from the same province as his, who served as Okura no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Treasury) and concurrently Minbu taifu (Senior Ministerial Assistant of Popular Affairs).
Japanese: 7月、大蔵大輔と民部大輔を兼務した同郷の大隈重信を補佐して、大蔵大丞兼民部大丞となる。
English: In May 1870, he was appointed Hokkaido kaitaku Goyo-gakari (a general affairs official of the development of Hokkaido), and transferred to Gaimu sho (Assistnat Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) in August 1871.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）5月、北海道開拓御用掛を命ぜられ、明治4年（1871年）8月には外務少輔に転じた。
English: In October 1871, he was raised to Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank), and became a member of the Iwakura Mission led by Tomomi IWAKURA, an ambassador plenipotentiary, which was organized to inspect Europe and the United States and to lay the groundwork for the revision of a treaty.
Japanese: 同年10月、従四位に叙された上で、米欧の視察および条約改正の下準備として岩倉を全権大使とした岩倉使節団が派遣されるにおよび団員となった。
English: Appoointed Vice-Ambassador along with Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO, and Hirobumi ITO, he visited various countries until September 1873.
Japanese: 大久保利通・木戸孝允・伊藤博文とならぶ副使に任命されて、明治6年（1873年）9月まで、各国を歴訪した。
English: When the debate to conquer Korea arose after his returning home from abroad, he took a position to oppose sending Japanese official diplomatic delegations to Korea with Okubo and Kido.
Japanese: 帰国後に起きた征韓論争においては、大久保・木戸らとともに遣韓使節反対の立場を取る。
English: So, when the Saga Rebellion in February 1874 led by Shinpei ETO, who supported the policy of conquering Korea, occurred, he worked hard to supress it on the part of the government army.
Japanese: このため、明治7年（1874年）2月に征韓論を唱えた江藤新平らが起こした佐賀の乱においては、政府軍の側に立って鎮圧に尽力した。
English: First of all, he persuaded Shigeharu NABESHIMA, the former lord of his home town Takeo City, and his samurai retainers not to take part in the rebellion.
Japanese: まず、故郷・武雄市の元領主鍋島茂昌（しげはる）やその家臣であった士族を説諭し、反乱への呼応を抑止した。
English: On February 12, he went to Nagasaki leading Kaigun Keibihei (naval security guards) and entered the Saga-jo Castle on March 1 by way of Omura and Takeo to surpress the rebellion.
Japanese: また、自らは、2月12日、長崎に入り、海軍警備兵を率いて大村、武雄を経て3月1日に佐賀に入城、乱の鎮圧に当たった。
English: In the Saga Rebellion, Takeo submitted to the rebel army's threat and unwillingly sent 64 soldiers to the rebellion; which posed a problem later.
Japanese: なお、佐賀の乱の際、武雄は反乱軍の脅迫に屈し64名の兵士をやむなく乱に派遣していたため問題となった。
English: However, Naoyoshi made efforts to seek Takeo's exoneration by correcting Shigeharu NABESHIMA's written apology to be submitted to the new government army.
Japanese: しかし尚芳は、鍋島茂昌が新政府軍に提出する予定の謝罪文を添削するなど武雄の罪を免ずるために努力している。
English: In 1880, he became Genroin Kanji (Secretary of the Chamber of Elders) and Kaisha narabini Kumiai Jorei Shinsa Sosai (a chairman of examination committee for company and union regulations).
Japanese: 明治13年（1880年）には元老院(日本)となり、会社並組合条例審査総裁となる。
English: In May 1881, he was appointed the first president of Board of Audit established in the previous year, and decorated with the Second Order of Merit in July.
Japanese: 明治14年（1881年）5月、前年に設置された会計検査院の初代院長に就任し、7月に勲二等に叙せられる。
English: However, because of the Political Change of 1881 in which Shigenobu OKUMA was purged by the new government, he resigned from his post of Board of Audit in October the same year.
Japanese: しかしながら、大隈重信が新政府から追放された明治14年の政変の影響で、同年10月に会計検査院長の職を辞した。
English: He became a councilor of Sanjiin (legislative advisory council, the predecessor of the present Cabinet Legislation Bureau), and was appointed a director of the foreign affairs department and the military department.
Japanese: 参事院（内閣法制局の前身）の議官となり外務部長兼軍事部長に任ぜられる。