nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: HEKI, Karo of Bizen, ordered the troops to stop firing and withdraw, so that no one died and very few people were injured in both sides.
Japanese: 備前側では、家老日置が藩兵隊に射撃中止・撤退を命令、お互いに死者も無く負傷者もほとんど無かった。
English: The powerful countries which had consulates in Kobe executed military occupation at the center of Kobe on that day in the name of the guard of the settlement (foreign settlement), and seized the Japanese ships anchoring at Hyogo port.
Japanese: 神戸に領事館を持つ列強諸国は、同日中に、居留地（外国人居留地）防衛の名目をもって神戸中心部を軍事占拠し、兵庫港に停泊する日本船舶を拿捕した。
English: At that time the Imperial Court had not declared to the foreign countries the handover of political power from the TOKUGAWA bakufu to the Meiji Government, and Shunsuke ITO (later Hirobumi ITO) held talks with them but the negotiation broke down.
Japanese: この時点では、朝廷は諸外国に対して徳川幕府から明治政府への政権移譲を宣言しておらず、伊藤俊輔（後の伊藤博文）が折衝に当たるも決裂するに至る。
English: On February 8, the Imperial Court was rushed into declaring the opening of a country to the world and amity, and announcing the handover of the political power to the Meiji Government, and then resumed the negotiation with Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE as its representative.
Japanese: 1月15日(旧暦)（2月8日）、急遽、開国和親を朝廷より宣言した上で明治新政府への政権移譲を表明、東久世通禧（ひがしくぜみちとみ）を代表として交渉を開始した。
English: The requirements from the foreign countries were the guarantee of safety of the foreigners living in Japan and the severe punishment of the Japanese who was in charge of the incident, which meant the execution of TAKI.
Japanese: 諸外国側の要求は日本在留外国人の身柄の安全保証と当該事件の日本側責任者の厳重処罰、すなわち滝の処刑というものであった。
English: There were some opinions that the punishment for injuring foreigners was too severe, and from the Japanese viewpoint the act of TAKI was quite natural for a samurai, at least as a reaction to 'Tomowari,'but it was difficult to resist the strong demand of the powerful countries and the plea for saving TAKI made by Munenari DATE through ITO and Saisuke GODAI (later Tomoatsu GODAI) to the last minute of the deadline was rejected by the voting of Leon ROCHES of France and other minister-counselors'.
Japanese: この事件における外国人側被害に対して処罰が重すぎるのではないかとの声もあり、また、日本側としては滝の行為は、少なくとも「供割」への対処は武士として当然のものでもあったが、列強の強い要求の前に抗うことが出来ず、伊藤や五代才助（後の五代友厚）を通じた伊達宗城の期限ギリギリまでの助命嘆願もフランスのレオン・ロッシュをはじめとする公使投票の前に否決される。
English: At last on February 24, the domain of Bizen accepted the demand of the foreign countries, and on March 2 it made TAKI commit suicide by disembowelment in the presence of the diplomats of the powerful countries at Eifukuji Temple and at the same tiime put HEKI, who was a chief of the troops of the domain of Bizen, under house arrest, which tentatively settled the Incident.
Japanese: 結局、2月2日(旧暦)（2月24日）、備前藩は諸外国側の要求を受け入れ、2月9日(旧暦)（3月2日）、永福寺において列強外交官列席のもとで滝を切腹させるのと同時に備前藩部隊を率いた日置について謹慎を課すということで、一応の決着を見たのである。
English: Kobe Incident was the first diplomat incident since the Meiji government was established through Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
Japanese: 神戸事件は大政奉還を経て明治新政府政権となって初めての外交事件である。
English: Consequently the matter was solved by sacrificing the life of a man, Zenzaburo TAKI, under the pressure by the powerful countries, but the Meiji government appealed to them its legitimacy as a government in charge of the diplomatic policy after that.
Japanese: 結果として諸国列強に押し切られる形で滝善三郎という1人の命を代償として問題を解決する形にはなったが、これ以降、明治政府が対外政策に当たる正当な政府であるということを諸外国に示した。
English: Also it was the incident that forced the Imperial Court to change its policy drastically from 'Joi' (expulsion of foreigners) to 'Opening of a country to the world and amity.'
Japanese: また、朝廷がこのときまで唱えていた「攘夷」（外国を討ち払う）政策を「開国和親」へと一気に方針転換させた事件でもあった。
English: However, the announcement of 'opening of a country to the world and amity' was made only to the foreign diplomats, and still there were some supporters of Joi within the new government, so that the fact was not disclosed domestically.
Japanese: ただし、この「開国和親」表明は外交団に対するものであり、新政府内にも未だ攘夷を支持する者もいることから、国内に対してはその事実を明確にはしなかった。
English: The formal domestic announcement was a decision made at the conference of a law-making body in the new government on July 7, 1869.
Japanese: 国内に対する正式な表明は翌年5月28日(旧暦)（1869年7月7日）に行われた新政府の上局会議における決定によるものである。
English: Depending on the conclusion, this incident would possibly have developed into as serious a situation as Anglo-Satsuma War, and Kobe might have been put under the unreasonable occupation like Hong Kong or Shanghai City, so it is also important in the context of the Japanese history that the national crisis could be avoided at the sacrifice of Zenzaburo TAKI.
Japanese: この問題の行方によっては薩英戦争同様の事態に進展する可能性もあり、さらに神戸が香港や上海市の様に理不尽な占領下に置かれる事態も起こり得たことから、滝善三郎の犠牲によって危機回避がなされたことは日本史の流れにおいても重大な出来事であった。
English: Major Alfred Thayer MAHAN, who later became famous as an advocator of the theory of sea power, was the vice chief of the U.S. warship Ikoroi, which was anchoring at Hyogo port during the Kobe Incident.
Japanese: シーパワー論の提唱者として後年名を知られることになるアルフレッド・セイヤー・マハン少佐は、神戸事件の最中、兵庫港に停泊する米国艦イロコイ号の副長を務めていた。
English: When the Ritsuryo system was established in Japan, the medals for merit was called 'the order of merit,' which ranged over 12 orders from the First Order of Merit to the Twelfth Order of Merit.
Japanese: 日本においては、律令制度が出来た当時は勲位と称し、勲一等以下勲十二等までの12等級あった。
English: The First Order of Merit (corresponding to Senior Third Rank,) the Second Order of Merit (Junior Third Rank,) the Third Order of Merit (Senior Fourth Rank,) the Fourth Order of Merit (Junior Fourth Rank,) the Fifth Order of Merit (Senior Fifth Rank,) and the Sixth Order of Merit (Junior Fifth Rank) were personally conferred by the emperor.
Japanese: 勲一等（正三位に相等）・勲二等（従三位）・勲三等（正四位）・勲四等（従四位）・勲五等（正五位）・勲六等（従五位）以上を勅授。
English: The Seventh Order of Merit (Senior Sixth Rank,) the Eighth Order of Merit (Junior Sixth Rank,) the Ninth Order of Merit (Senior Seventh Rank,) the Tenth Order of Merit (Junior Seventh Rank,) the Eleventh Order of Merit (Senior Eighth Rank,) and the Twelfth Order of Merit (Junior Eighth Rank.)
Japanese: 勲七等（正六位）・勲八等（従六位）・勲九等（正七位）・勲十等（従七位）・勲十一等（正八位）・勲十二等（従八位）。
English: From the Heian period to the Edo period, the official court rank, i.e., the court rank, and the government post were used in the class system of the court nobles and warriors, but the medals for merit gradually fell out of use later in the history.
Japanese: 平安時代以降、江戸時代に至るまで官位即ち位階と官職は公家や武家の身分制の中で活用されてきたが、勲等については時代が後になるにつれ用いられることが少なくなった。
English: During the Meiji period, in 1875, awarding of the medals for merit and the medals (next year, the medals were changed to the decoration) was instituted by virtue of the Grand Council Proclamation and the medals for merit were established to indicate the grade of the decoration from the First Order of Merit to the Eighth Order of Merit; and in 1876, the Supreme Order was established as the highest medal for merit by virtue of the imperial edict.
Japanese: 明治時代に入り、1875年（明治8年）に太政官布告に基づく勲等・賞牌（賞牌は翌年勲章に改称）の制度ができ、勲章の等級として勲等（勲一等から勲八等まで）が制定され、次いで翌1876年（明治9年）に詔書に基づく大勲位が、最上位の勲等として制定された。
English: When a decoration is to be bestowed on a person, the medal for merit corresponding to the decoration was bestowed on the recipient at first (bestowal of an order,) and then the decoration corresponding to the medal of merit was bestowed (awarding of a decoration.)
Japanese: 勲章の授与にあたっては、まず相応の勲等に叙した上（叙勲）で勲等に相当する勲章が贈られることとされた（授章）。
English: When the Order of the Golden Kite was instituted in 1890, the grades other than the medals for merit was founded to be especially bestowed on soldiers.
Japanese: さらに1890年（明治23年）に金鵄勲章が制定されると、勲等の他に軍人に対して授与される功級という等級も創設された。
English: After WWII, since the Order of the Golden Kite was abolished and ordinary bestowal of an order, i.e., bestowal on incumbent officials, was suspended for a while, the medals for merit were not bestowed on the recipients in their lifetime until the 30s of the Showa era (1955-1964).
Japanese: 戦後、金鵄勲章が廃止され、あわせて通常の叙勲（現職官吏等への叙勲）もしばらく停止されたことから、昭和30年代まで生前叙勲は行われなかった。
English: During the Hayato IKEDA's administration, the institution of decoration was restored first time after WWII, and the institution has been observed to date.
Japanese: 池田勇人内閣の時に戦後初めて勲章制度の運用が復活したうえで今日に至る。
English: There is no institution of the medals for merit in Japan at present, but still, the false statement of the medals for merit, including the rank, the academic degree, and any other titles stipulated in the law as well as those corresponding to them in the foreign countries, is treated as illegal according to the Minor Offense Act Article 1 Section 15; the person who violates the law receives punishment like detention or light fine.
Japanese: なお、勲等に叙す慣習がなくなった今日でも、勲等を詐称することは、位階・学位その他法令に定めた称号、あるいは外国においてそれらに準ずるものを含めて軽犯罪法第1条15項において違法とされ、違反した場合、拘留又は科料に処せられる。
English: On November 13, 2003, according to the demands for removal of the disparity between public and private for decoration in Japan and for various viewpoints in selecting the recipients, the Decrees of Cabinet were amended so that the medals for merit except for the supreme order, i.e., the grades represented by number, were abolished (but provisions of the amended Decrees of Cabinet still describe the word 'medal for merit,' which means that they merely prohibit the people from declaring the medals for merit and that the concept of the medals for merit still remains.)
Japanese: 2003年（平成15年）11月3日以降、日本の勲章の官民格差是正と多角的な観点を求める声に基づいて太政官布告が改正され、大勲位以外の、数字で表現する等級としての勲等は廃止された（ただし、改正後の太政官布告の条文にも引き続き「勲等」の文言があり、表記ができなくなっただけで概念としては残っている）。
English: Some members of the ruling party are opposing the abolishment of the medals for merit, but with the issues including removal of the disparity between public and private and the establishment of honor law, it is still undecided as to what kind of institution of honor will replace the medals for merit.
Japanese: 勲等の廃止においては与党の一部から反対も出たが、今後どの様な栄典制度となるか、官民格差是正や栄典法制定問題などがある中で、現在のところは不透明な情勢にある。
English: After the amendment, bestowal of medals for merit, i.e., bestowal of an order, has not been done in Japan; still, the Japanese government is using the word 'bestowal of an order' as well as 'awarding of a decoration' to express awarding of a decoration (for example, the section of the official gazette has not been changed its title from Bestowal of an Order to Award of Decoration.)
Japanese: 当該制度改正により、日本で勲等の授与（叙勲）という行為が適用されなくなった後も、政府は勲章の授与（授章）について授章のみならず「叙勲」の表現も用いている（たとえば、官報の叙位叙勲欄は叙位授章欄などへ変更されずにそのままの名称である）。
English: That means that the 'medals for merit' has not been completely abolished and that the 'decoration' is not left alone in the new institution, in contrast to the old institution, in which the 'medals for merit' were clearly distinguished from the 'decoration,'
Japanese: これは、旧制度で明確に分けられていた「勲等」と「勲章」について、新制度で「勲等」が完全廃止されて純粋に「勲章」のみとなった訳ではないことを意味している。
English: Under the amended system, the government cannot bestow the medals for merit like 'the XXX Order of Merit,' but the Decrees of Cabinet still stipulates 'Six Classes' as the concept of the medals for merit without individual naming; therefore, the decorations conferred under the new system belong to any of the medals for merit, which is divided into six without individual naming, so that the bestowal (or receipt) of the decoration virtually means, if not explicitly, the bestowal (or receipt) of the medals for merit.
Japanese: 制度改正により、新制度下で「勲○等」の勲等を授与することはできなくなったが、太政官布告の規定上は「六級」（6つの級）という個別呼称のない概念としての勲等が引き続き存置されており、新制度下の勲章はそれら個別名称を持たない6区分の勲等のいずれかに属しているものとなっているため、勲章を授ける（受ける）ことの意義の中に（明示的ではないが）事実上勲等の属性を帯びたものとなっている。
English: Since the institution of bestowal of the medals for merit has been abolished and bestowal of the decoration is called 'the bestowal of the medals for merit' instead, 'the bestowal of the medals for merit' has increasingly come to mean the bestowal of the decoration.
Japanese: 今日、勲等に叙す慣例がなくなり勲章の授与を叙勲と称することになったことで、叙勲は勲章を授与すること自体を指す意味が強くなった。
English: According to the traditional protocol, the court rank and the medal for merit were formally put as the title without the decorations like 'Senior Third Rank, the First Order of Merit, Taro NIPPON,' which was seen as an example in the message of condolence for a member of the Diet read in the Diet.
Japanese: 肩書として位階と勲等を用いる場合、古くからの儀典の慣例として、「正三位勲一等日本太郎」のように勲章を省くのが正式とされ、たとえば国会議員が死亡した場合の国会での弔詞でもそのような勲章省略の肩書で故人を呼称した。
English: Under the new institution, in the message of condolence read in the Diet, the deceased, who was bestowed the medal for merit in the old institution, is addressed without the decoration as in the traditional way; and the deceased, who has been bestowed the decoration in the new institution, is addressed like 'Senior Third Rank, the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, Taro NIPPON has long been contributed to the constitutional government....'
Japanese: が、新制度下の国会弔詞では旧制度叙勲済の死亡者については引き続き旧勲章を省略して従来の呼称方式を用いるのに対し、新制度下で叙勲された死亡者に対しては「正三位旭日大綬章日本太郎君は多年憲政に……」のように呼称している。
English: From the above-mentioned fact, it is inferred that, unlike the decoration bestowed in the old institution, the decoration bestowed in the new institution contains a meaning of the medals for merit, if slightly.
Japanese: 以上の点でも、新制度下の勲章は旧制度下の勲章と異なり、わずかながらでも勲等としての意味合いを含有していることが推定される。
English: On State funeral of the deceased Marshal Army General, the Supreme Order third, Imperial Prince Akihito (Imperial Edict No. 16 in 1903)
Japanese: 故元帥陸軍大将大勲位功三級彰仁親王国葬ノ件（明治36年勅令第16号）
English: On treatment of the bestowal of the honors and an order on government officials, and the bestowal of an order on the President, the Vice-President, and members of the House of Peers, the Speaker, the Deputy-Speaker, and members of the House of Representatives, and the mayors and deputy mayors of cities, towns, and villages as enforcement of the government official class bestowal act (Cabinet approval on May 2, 1946)
Japanese: 官吏任用叙級令施行に伴ふ官吏に対する叙位及び叙勲並びに貴族院及び衆議院の議長、副議長、議員又は市町村長及び市町村助役に対する叙勲の取扱に関する件（昭和21年5月3日閣議決定）
English: Consuetudinary of the Conferment Ceremony and the Award Ceremony of decoration, badge, medal, and the like (Cabinet approval on July 12, 1963)
Japanese: 勲章、記章、褒章等の授与及び伝達式例（昭和38年7月12日閣議決定）
English: On the standard of the bestowal of an order based on Section 2 of the Start with the bestowal of an order on survivors (Cabinet approval on July 12, 1963) (Cabinet approval on April 21, 1964)
Japanese: 生存者叙勲の開始について(昭和三十八年七月十二日閣議決定)第二項に基づく叙勲基準について（昭和39年4月21日閣議決定）
English: Cabinet Office Ordinance on regulation of standard and shape of all decorations and the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (Cabinet Office Ordinance No. 54 in 2003)
Japanese: 各種勲章及び大勲位菊花章頸飾の制式及び形状を定める内閣府令（平成15年内閣府令第54号）
English: It is called 'Golden Kite' because of a legend that, during Emperor Jimmu's eastern expedition, a bright, shimmering golden-colored kite landed on the nock of Emperor Jimmu's bow, which threw the army of Nagasunehiko into confusion.
Japanese: 「金鵄」という名前の由来は、神武天皇の神武東征の際に神武天皇の弓(武器)の弭にとまった黄金色のトビ（鵄）が光り輝き、ナガスネヒコの軍を迷眩せしめたという日本神話の伝説に基づく。
English: The Order of the Golden Kite is split into seven grades of merit, from 'merit, first grade' down to 'merit, seventh grade'; recipients receive a medal in addition to being ranked into one of the grades.
Japanese: 金鵄勲章は7等級に分けられ、「功一級」以下「功七級」までの功級に叙せられた上で勲章を受ける。
English: In terms of other orders, including courtly rank and the Orders of the Rising Sun and Orders of the Sacred Treasure, when it came to civil servants (at the time, they were termed "government officials") in government service, once they fulfilled the prescribed condition--for example, working continuously for a certain number of years--almost everyone would receive such medals, and non-government soldiers (in Japan's army) or civilians could also receive them; the Order of the Golden Kite, however, was limited only to military personnel, and furthermore was only granted to those who had sufficiently distinguished themselves in battle, meaning that simply being a general or an army officer of imperial blood, without distinguished service in battle, would not bring one this medal.
Japanese: 位階や旭日章・瑞宝章などのその他の勲章は仕官して公務員（当時は官吏）となれば勤続年数などの一定の条件で大抵誰でも受勲することができ、また官吏では無い兵(日本軍)や民間人でも対象となったが、金鵄勲章は軍人軍属のみでかつ相応の戦功がなくては授与されず、大将や皇族軍人といえども相応の武功がなければ授与されなかった。
English: Those who won this medal were also provided with a yearly pension of 900 yen if first-grade or 65 yen for seventh-grade.
Japanese: また、受章者には功一級で900円(通貨)、功七級で65円の年金が支給された。
English: Considering that in the early Showa period the monthly salary for private second class in the army was just 8.80 yen, this was quite a large amount.
Japanese: 昭和初期当時の二等兵の月給は8円80銭であり、かなりの高額であった。
English: This yearly pension continued for the rest of each recipient's life, and as the scope of Japan's wars continued to widen, the number of recipients rapidly surged, developing into a significant burden on the national treasury.
Japanese: この年金は終身年金であったが、戦争の拡大に次ぐ拡大で受章者が急増し国庫の大きな負担になった。
English: Moreover, monetary awards to surviving combatants were discontinued after 1940 in order to enhance Japan's war effort, and thereafter such payments were only made on behalf of slain soldiers who had served with distinction.
Japanese: また、生存者への授与は昭和15年を最後に戦争激化のため一時停止され、以後は戦功を挙げた戦死に与えられるのみとなった。
English: Resultingly, those among the front-line troops who rendered extraordinary service were awarded army swords, letters of commendation, and other mementos 'as a firm promise of receiving the Order of the Golden Kite,' and among the army it was treated as an emblem of great military exploits.
Japanese: このため、前線部隊では勲功抜群なものに対しては「金鵄勲章の確約」として軍刀や感状、記念品などを与えたり、陸軍では武功徽章を制定するなどして対処していた。
English: Due to Japan's defeat in the Pacific War (World War II), this Order was discontinued by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ), as stipulated in the 'Public Directive Number Four of 1947,' a public directive dated May 3, 1947.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争の敗戦により、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指示により昭和22年5月3日公示の「昭和22年政令第四号」に依って廃止された。
English: Society in prewar Japan had placed considerable weight and importance on rank and class, and as such, it was common for a person's decorations and medals to display or state in order.
Japanese: 戦前の日本においては階級がものをいう社会であったため、勲章の等級を並べて表示する事が多い。
English: The Order of the Golden Kite was no exception, and when displayed or stated the person's employment was shown first, followed by his (military) rank second, court rank third, order of merit fourth, grade of the Order of the Golden Kite fifth, peerage (noble title) sixth, academic degree seventh, and finally the person's name.
Japanese: 金鵄勲章も例に漏れず表示され、表示順は、1、職2、階級3、位階4、勲等5、功級6、爵位7、学位そして氏名となる。
English: The First Grade is awarded, after special investigation, to commanding officers (mainly commanders or lieutenant generals) serving as generals of forces directly under the Emperor's supervision.
Japanese: 功一級天皇直隷部隊の将官（主に大・中将）たる司令官に対して特別詮議の上授与
English: In 1963 the system of conferring decorations on survivors of combat was reinstated and the Order of the Chrysanthemum and the Orders of the Rising Sun, the Orders of the Sacred Treasure, and the Orders of the Precious Crown were all revived, but the Order of the Golden Kite remained banned, and any wearing of its medals in public places prohibited.
Japanese: 1963年に生存者叙勲制度が再開され、菊花章・旭日章・瑞宝章・宝冠章が復活したが、金鵄勲章は廃止されたままで公の場での佩用も禁止された。
English: Consequently, recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite banded together, forming the 'League of the Golden Kite' to seek reinstatement of the Orders' honors and annual pensions.
Japanese: その為金鵄勲章叙勲者達は名誉と年金の復活を求めて「金鵄連盟」をつくり、運動を始めた。
English: In 1985 this League organized a gathering of National Diet members and held a 'panel discussion on the reinstatement of the honors of the Golden Kite Medal,' and submitted the same request for reinstatement to then-Prime Minister Yasuhiro NAKASONE.
Japanese: 1985年には「旧勲章名誉回復に関する懇談会」という国会議員の集まりがつくられ、当時の中曽根康弘首相に同様の要請をしている。
English: Though the fervor of such lobbying activities has dimmed due to the advancing age of the remaining medal recipients, in 1986 the government recognized their right to wear their medals.
Japanese: 叙勲者の高齢化等により活動は下火になったが、佩用は翌1986年に認められた。
English: Makibishi is a tool which is scattered on the ground to escape from pursuers when running away.
Japanese: 撒菱・撒蔆・撒芰（まきびし）とは、逃げる途中にばら撒き、追手から逃れる道具。
English: A makibishi made of iron may be often imagined, but it is too heavy as a disposable tool, expensive and inconvenient for carrying and therefore it is not suitable for personal use.
Japanese: 鉄製のものをイメージしがちだが、使い捨ての道具としては重く、かつ、高価で持ち運びに不便であるため、個人の使用には向かない。
English: The fruit (nut) of hishi (water chestnut; Trapa japonica) or similar article has a triangular pyramid shape, and basically its spines are designed to hurt pursuers' feet no matter how it is placed.
Japanese: 菱の実、あるいはそれを模したものも三角錐の形状をしており、基本的にどのように置かれても、刺が追っ手の足を傷つけるように出来ている。
English: In this way, it was possible to use makibishi as a weapon by throwing it at the enemy's face like sprinkling it on the enemy.
Japanese: こうしておくと振付けるようにして敵の顔面に投げつけ、武器として使うことも可能であった。
English: As a tool similar to makibishi, there existed a makibishi made of iron, which was called caltrop in Medieval Europe, and it was used to slow down the advance of horses, war elephants.
Japanese: 撒菱と似た道具として中世西洋でカルトロップと呼ばれる鉄製の撒菱があり、騎兵や戦象の突進を鈍らせる為に使用された。
English: Makibishi is also familiar as a gimmick in action movies and, for example, makibishi is equipped with the rear bumper of Bond car BMW750il in James Bond movie "007 Tomorrow Never Dies".
Japanese: ジェームズ・ボンド『007トゥモロー・ネバー・ダイ』のボンドカーBMW750ilのリアバンパーにも装備されているなど、アクション映画のギミックとしてもおなじみである。
English: Shinobigatana is a sword which is said to be used by ninja and is also called Ninjato.
Japanese: 忍刀（しのびがたな）とは、忍者が使用したとされる刀であり、忍者刀（にんじゃとう）ともいう。
English: The size and shape of Shinobigatana are designed to improve the portability and functionability compared with swords used by Samurai.
Japanese: 携帯性や機能性を向上させるため、侍が使用する刀と比べて大きさや形状について工夫されている。
English: Most "Shinobigatana (Ninjato)" currently transmitted have a length between an ordinary Uchigatana and a wakizashi (short sword) and are classified into Nagawakizashi (long wakizashi).
Japanese: 現在「忍刀（忍者刀）」として伝えられているものは、普通の打刀と脇差の中間の長さ、長脇差と分類されるサイズのものが大半である。
English: The sword-guard is large and angular, and the shitao (string) is longer than that of an ordinary sword; the sheath is matted so that it does not glitter when light reflects off its surface, and the tip of the sheath is made of metal, and forms an acute angle.
Japanese: 鍔は大き目で角張っており、下緒は普通の刀のものより長く、鞘は光を反射して目立たないように艶消しに仕上げられ、先端の鐺（こじり）は金属製で鋭角に仕上げられている。
English: The sword guard of Shinobigatana is large and angular, and it was used as an alternative of a ladder to put foot on it.
Japanese: 忍刀の鍔は大き目で角張っており、ここに足をかけて踏み台代わりにも使用された。
English: Generally, a sward has a piece of string called shitao on the scabbard and the string of Shinobigatana is longer than that of the ordinary sword and the string was used to collect the sword after it was used as an alternative of a ladder of 1 m,.
Japanese: 刀には普通鞘に下げ緒という紐がついているが、忍刀のそれは普通の刀のものより長く、刀を1mほどの踏み台代わりに使った後、回収するのに利用できた。
English: The kojiri at the tip of the scabbard is made of metal and acute angled so that it can be driven into the ground or used as a weapon.
Japanese: 先端の鐺（こじり）は地面に突き立てやすくしたり、武器として使用する為に金属製で鋭角に仕上げられていた。
English: Some kojiris are removable and used to contain medicines, etc. and it is said that a cylindrical scabbard was used like a snorkel to hide under water.
Japanese: また、これを取り外すことができるものもあり、ここに薬などを収納したり、また筒状になった鞘をシュノーケルのように使って水中に隠れるときに使ったともいう。
English: However, the scabbard is physically too long to be used as a snorkel, so breathing is difficult unless they have a very large lung capacity.
Japanese: しかし物理的にみて鞘はシュノーケル代わりに使うには長すぎてよほどの肺活量をもつ者でなければ呼吸が難しくなる。
English: Therefore, it is now believed that the method was not used actually (such scabbards might be disassembable but do not exist currently).
Japanese: そのため、現在ではその方法は実際には用いられなかったのではないかと考えられている（分解できた可能性はあるが現存しない）。
English: When they fight in the dark, they locate enemies by hooking the scabbard on the tip of the sword.
Japanese: 暗闇の中で戦う時、さやを刀の先にひっかけて相手の位置を探るのである。
English: When the tip of the sheath is struck on an enemy and removed or when the enemy cuts away the sheath, they move straight forward and stab.
Japanese: さやの先が相手に当たって外れたとき、またはさやを相手が切り払った処で直進して刺す。
English: The shinobigatana is shorter and less curved than the ordinary sward used by samurai and the cutting performance is inferior.
Japanese: 侍が用いる普通の刀に比べ忍刀は短く、反りが少ないために切断力が劣る。
English: Although the swords called "Shinobigatana (Ninjato)" exist, there is a theory that says that it is doubtful whether Ninja actually were equipped with swords of this shape.
Japanese: 「忍刀（忍者刀）」と呼ばれる刀剣は実在してはいるが、現実に忍がこの形状の刀を装備していたのかについては疑問とする説もある。