nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It is because of the filial deeds of Fusasaki no Otodo that this temple is named Shido-ji, and this land a place flourishing in Buddhism with the annual Buddhist memorial services by hailing the Lotus Sutra and devotional exercises performed in mornings and evenings,' the play ends.
Japanese: このように志度寺と号して、毎年の法華経読誦の法要や朝夕の勤行をする仏教の盛んな地となったのも、この房前大臣の親孝行のおかげなのです）」で舞い納め能は終わる。
English: Tomikuji also called Tomitsuki is a way to collect fund for mutual aids and a kind of lottery that is said to be the origin of takarakuji and also a gamble.
Japanese: 富籤・富くじ（とみくじ）は、富突きともいい普請の為の資金収集の方法であり、宝くじの起源といわれるくじ引の一種であり、賭博でもある。
English: It still remains as tomie of temples and shrines or fukubiki of shopping street.
Japanese: 現在でも富会としての富くじを行っている寺社や商店街の福引として残っている。
English: Lottery tickets were sold and a winning ticket was determined by pricking a wooden plate with a drill and winners got prize money.
Japanese: 富札を売り出し、木札を錐で突いて当たりを決め、当たった者に褒美金すなわち当額を給する。
English: The distribution source received the difference calculated by subtracting prize money and expenses from sales of lottery tickets.
Japanese: 富札の売上額から褒美金と興業入費とを差し引いた残高が興業主の収入となる仕組みである。
English: Since the Kyoho era, mainly temples and shrines were allowed to distribute tomikuji and received offering as Myoga (one of the taxes paid to bakufu and the clan for the license of business) from those who got a large sum of prize money other than the income.
Japanese: 享保時代以後、富籤興行を許されたのは主に社寺で、収入の他にも当金額の多い者から冥加（みょうが）として若干を奉納させた。
English: Tomikuji was distributed mainly for jisha fushin (Buddhist practitioners making effort for construction of temples and shrines), but during the war, kachifuda was distributed to collect money for the war.
Japanese: 寺社普請のための富くじが大勢だが、戦時中は勝札と言う名目で、戦時資金を募った。
English: Then, rotate the box and put in a drill from a hole on the side panel, and prick a wooden plate to determine a winning number.
Japanese: 続いて箱を回転し、側面の穴から錐を入れて木札を突き刺し、当せん番号を決める。
English: In other words, it was pricked 100 times with a drill and the prize money was 300 ryo for the first, 10 ryo for every 5th, 20 ryo for every 10th, 200 ryo for the 50th and 1000 ryo for the 100th.
Japanese: つまり100たび錐で札を突くのであり、たとえば第1番に突き刺したのが300両、以下5回目ごとに10両、10回目ごとに20両、50回目は200両、100回目（突留（つきとめ））には1000両、という様に褒美金がもらえる。
English: Among the rest times except fushi (called hira), at some predetermined numbers of times called aiai, a small amount of prize money were given sometimes.
Japanese: 節を除いた残り（平（ひら）という）に、何回目ということをあらかじめ定め、間々（あいあい）といって、少額金を与えることがあった。
English: At the numbers before and after fushi some amount of prize money were given, which was called ryosode.
Japanese: 節の番号数の前後の番号にいくばくかの金額を与えたが、これを両袖といった。
English: Also at sode, numbers next to ryosode, a small amount of prize money was given sometimes.
Japanese: 袖といって、両袖のかたわらの番号に、少額のものをくれることがあった。
English: When too many tickets were distributed, numbers were classified into major categories such as shochikubai (pine, bamboo and plum trees), shunkashuto (spring, summer, autumn and winter), kachofugetsu (flower, bird, wind and moon) or Ichi-fuji, ni-taka, san-nasubi (Mt. Fuji, a hawk or an eggplant), five seasonal festivals, the seven gods of good fortune, the 12 signs of the Chinese zodiac etc., and then put numbers on them – for example, if No. 2353 of pine tree won, the same numbers of bamboo and plum trees were also given some amount of prize money.
Japanese: 札数が大多数に上る時は、番号には松竹梅、春夏秋冬、花鳥風月、または一富士、二鷹、三茄子、五節句、七福神、十二支という様に大分類を行い、そのそれぞれに番号を付け、たとえば松の2353番が当せんした時は竹、梅の同番号の札にもいくぶんかの金額を与えることがあった。
English: In this case, if ryosode was added, 300 plates of each mark would win regardless of the amount and those sub winnings were called hana (flower).
Japanese: この場合、両袖が付けてあると、各印ごとに300枚ずつ金額の多少にかかわらず当たるわけで、本当の他は花といった。
English: For example, when there were 999 people of the numbers of 3000, the rest of people except a winner No. 3300 were paid back the principal.
Japanese: たとえば、頭合番999人に渡すとあれば、当たった3300という番号だけを除き、3000代の番号どれにも元金だけを返してくれる。
English: Winners didn't receive all of the prize money, if a winner got tsukitome 1000 ryo, he gave 100 ryo to the distributer as a repair fee and 100 ryo to ticket seller and also was taken 40 – 50 ryo as miscellaneous expense, so the rest was about 700 ryo.
Japanese: 当せんした者は褒美金全部を入手したのではなく、突留1000両を得たものはその100両を修理料として興行主に贈り、100両を札屋に礼として与え、その他諸費と称して4、50両取られたから、実際に得るところはおよそ700余両であった。
English: Distribution sources made thousands or several tens of thousands of lottery tickets and put numbers on them.
Japanese: 興行主において数千または数万のくじ札（富札）を作り、それに番号を付ける。
English: If a ticket seller bought a ticket for silver of 12 monme (a unit of weight) from a distribution source, the ticket seller sold it for 13 – 14 monme including a commission.
Japanese: 仮に興行主から富札店（札屋）が富札1枚を銀12匁で買い入れたとすると、札屋はこれに手数料を取って13、14匁で売り出す。
English: A fixed price was determined at the time of distribution to declare the authorities, but when ticket sellers sold them to people, the prices went up and down according to popularities at each time.
Japanese: 売り出す時は当局に申告するため定価があったが、札屋から庶民に売るものは、その時の人気で上下した。
English: It seems that it was already distributed in the Kanei era in Kyoto and because there was a record prohibiting it in a law for merchants and artisans in June, 1692, it was probably popular at that time.
Japanese: 起源はすでに寛永ころ京都でおこなわれていたらしく、元禄5年5月の町触にはその禁止があるから当時流行していたらしい。
English: Tomikuji was developed from tanomoshi (a mutual credit association) and especially from torinoki mujin, because tanomoshi had only a few sponsors and limited amount of prize money, it couldn't satisfy people's speculative spirits.
Japanese: 富籤は頼母子（無尽）、とくに取退無尽(とりのきむじん)が変じたもので、頼母子は出資者数が少なく獲得額に限度があり、射幸心を充分には満足させられないなどの理由があった。
English: Therefore tomikuji which had only one timedebts and credits relationship with a large sum of dividend was developed.
Japanese: そのため、債権債務関係が1回限りで、配分額の多い富籤という方法が案出された。
English: Originally people dedicated a wooden plate with ones name and there was a drawing by pricking a plate with a drill.
Japanese: 自身の名前を書いた木札を納めその中から「きり」で突いて抽せんしたのが始まりと言われる。
English: Originally a winner got only an Omamori (a personal amulet), but later money was also given and it was developed into a gamble to collect funds.
Japanese: 当せん者はお守りが貰えただけであったが、次第に金銭が副賞となり賭博としての資金収集の手段となった。
English: The system seemed to fit well with the times and became very popular, so the bakufu issued interdicts repeatedly.
Japanese: この方法が時勢にあったのか大いに流行し、幕府はしばしば禁令を発した。
English: Since the Kyoho era, tomikuji was distributed mainly for repair expenses of shrines and temples, so they applied to jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) to get permission.
Japanese: 享保以後、富籤は主に寺社の修理費用に充てるために興行され、寺社奉行に出願し、その許可をうけた。
English: The area of Tomikuji was restricted in three places of Edo, Kyoto, Osaka by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA and also the frequency was restricted from every month to 3 times a year.
Japanese: 富籤は松平定信によって江戸・京都・大阪の3箇所に限られ、あるいは毎月興行の分を1年3回とするなど、抑制された。
English: However at the peak in the Bunka and Bunsei era, it was allowed to be distributed widely and in 1826 the bakufu permitted it in other areas out of Sampu, the Three Urban Prefectures, and 4 times a year and increased the number of items to 15 items a month, total 45 items.
Japanese: しかし、文化・文政の最盛期に再び手広く興行を許され、幕府は9年、三府以外にもこれを許可し、1年4回の興行とし、口数を増やし、1ヶ月15口、総口数45口までは許可する方針をとった。
English: Later in 1842, distribution of tsukitomi was prohibited completely by Tadakuni MIZUNO.
Japanese: その後、水野忠邦によって天保13年、突富興行は一切差止を命じられた。
English: In Keihan, some ticket sellers places a vertical large flag with winning numbers of ataritomi and even shops without any winning number placed a imitated flag.
Japanese: 京阪では当富（あたりとみ）の番号を大幟にしるして、札屋の軒前に立てかけるものもあり、たとえ当札のない店でもこれを模造して立てた。
English: Daizuke was described in "Morisadamanko (magazines about manners and customs published in the latter period of Edo era)" that on the day of tomikuji drawing, there were some people who sold pieces of papers with numbers running and calling out 'ohanasi, ohanashi' to make a bet on winning number of tomikuji.
Japanese: 富籤興行の当日、「御はなし御はなし」と声高く叫びながら市中を駆け回り、番号を書いた紙片を売り歩く者もあったが、これは当の番号に対して賭をするもので、これを第付（だいづけ）というと『守貞漫稿』にはある。
English: Since the monzeki (head priest of temple formerly led by founder of sect) of Ninna-ji Temple requested it to the bakufu in 1730 and tomikuji was allowed for the first time in Edo Gokoku-ji Temple for three years, it was distributed in many shrines and termples.
Japanese: 享保15年、仁和寺の門跡がその館宅の修理のために幕府に請うて始めて江戸護国寺において3箇年富籤興行を許されて以来、多くの社寺で行われた。
English: Among those places, Yanaka Kanno-ji Temple, Meguro Fudo, Yushima tenjin were called Edo no Santomi (three major tomikuji) and famous.
Japanese: その中で、谷中感応寺・目黒不動・湯島天神は江戸の三富と称し、有名であった。
English: Shrines and temples which were allowed tsukitomi, distributed tomikuji every month or several times in a year and got favourable revenues.
Japanese: 突富興行御免を受けた寺社は毎月または1年数回興行したので、好都合な財源であった。
English: Presently in Article 187 of the criminal law, 'tomikuji' remains as a legal term.
Japanese: 現代では刑法第187条の「富くじ」にみられるように法律用語として残っている。
English: Tomikuji forms the basis of the concept and scheme of law concerning gable, stock, takarakuji and law for premiums.
Japanese: 賭博や株式、宝くじや景品法などに係わる法律の概念や成り立ちにおいて富くじが根幹にある。
English: Meijin' and 'Queen' refer to Kyogi Karuta (karuta [Japanese card game] match) in which karuta of Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) are used and they played by the rule of All-Japan Karuta Association; for male players the Meijin-sen (literally, 'master tournament') is held, and for female players the Queen-sen is held; they also refer to the titles given to the champions; male player has to pass the preliminary of the Meijin-sen and beat the champion of the previous year, and female player has to pass the preliminary of the Queen-sen and beat the champion of the previous year as well, and the champions become 'Meijin' and 'Queen.'
Japanese: 名人・クイーン（めいじん・クイーン）とは、百人一首を用いて、全日本かるた協会が定めた規則に則って行う競技、競技かるたにおいて、男性の名人戦、女性のクイーン戦の予選を勝ち抜き、さらに前年の優勝者との対戦に勝利し日本一となった者に与えられる称号である。
English: Every year, in the latter part of October, the East Japan preliminary and the West Japan preliminary are held in the form of tournament (Grade A is required for the participation).
Japanese: 毎年10月下旬に東西でそれぞれ、東日本予選・西日本予選がトーナメントで行われる(A級が参加可能)。
English: In November, the winners of the East Japan preliminary and the West Japan preliminary play the best of three games for gaining the qualification of the challenge, and the winner becomes the challenger of the championship match of the Meijin-sen.
Japanese: 11月に東日本予選・西日本予選の勝者が挑戦者決定戦の3番勝負を行い、勝者が名人位決定戦の挑戦者となる。
English: In January of the following year, the championship match of the Meijin-sen ('Meijin-i Kettei-sen') is held at Omi-jingu Shrine, and Meijin (the champion of the previous year) and the challenger play the best of five games, and the winner becomes Meijin and the loser becomes Jun-Meijin (semi-Meijin).
Japanese: 翌年1月に名人と挑戦者で名人位決定戦の5番勝負を近江神宮で行い、勝者が名人、敗者は準名人となる。
English: Every year, in the latter part of October, the East Japan preliminary and the West Japan preliminary are held in the form of tournament (Female players at Grade A are qualified for the participation).
Japanese: 毎年10月下旬に東西でそれぞれ、東日本予選・西日本予選がトーナメントで行われる(A級の女性が参加可能)。
English: In November, the winners of the East Japan preliminary and the West Japan preliminary play the best of three games for gaining the qualification of the challenge, and the winner becomes the challenger of the championship match of the Queen-sen.
Japanese: 11月に東日本予選・西日本予選の勝者が挑戦者決定戦の3番勝負を行い、勝者がクイーン位決定戦の挑戦者となる。
English: In January of the following year, the championship match of the Queen-sen ('Queen-i Kettei-sen') is held at Omi-jingu Shrine, and Queen (the champion of the previous year) and the challenger play the best of three games, and the winner becomes Queen and the loser becomes Jun-Queen (semi-Queen).
Japanese: 翌年1月にクイーンと挑戦者でクイーン位決定戦の3番勝負を近江神宮で行い、勝者がクイーン、敗者は準クイーンとなる。
English: In the past, the title was sometimes called 'Quin' (or 'Kuin'), however at present it is commonly called 'Queen.'
Japanese: 以前はクインと称されたこともあったが、現在ではクイーンに統一されている。
English: Players who held the Meijin title for five years and players who won the title seven times in total are given the new title 'Eisei Meijin' (Permanent Meijin).
Japanese: 名人を連続5期あるいは通算7期つとめた者には永世名人の称号が与えられる。
English: Hideo MATSUKAWA (nine times in total; three terms since 1965, 1970, four terms since 1979, 1984)
Japanese: 松川英夫（9期、1965年-3期、1970年-1期、1979年-4期、1984年-1期）
English: In January 1697, Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the first) played "Sankai Nagoya" for the first time in Edo Nakamura-za Theter.
Japanese: 元禄10年（1697年）1月、江戸の中村座で『参会名護屋』を市川團十郎(初代)が初演。
English: When Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the ninth) played this program in 1895, it became an independent play.
Japanese: 明治28年（1895年）には市川團十郎(9代目)が上演してから一幕物として独立した。
English: A villain, KIYOHARA no Takehira scheming to succeed to the throne, captures many good people who oppose him, such as MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna.
Japanese: 皇位へ即こうと目論む、悪党・清原武衡が、自らに反対する源義綱ら多人数の善良なる男女を捕らえた。
English: KIYOHARA no Takehira orders Goro NARITA and other retainers to behead Jiro Yoshitsuna KAMO and other people that have been captured.
Japanese: 成田五郎ら家来に命じて、清原武衡に加茂次郎義綱らが打ち首にされそうになる。
English: Just before the execution, Gongoro Kagemasa KAMAKURA smartly appeared with a shout, saying "Shibaraku," and after a scuffle, he helps the captured out.
Japanese: そのとき、鎌倉権五郎景政が「暫く～」の一声で、さっそうと現われ、荒れ狂い、助ける物語である。
English: However, it was so confusing that people committed to the Kabuki performance and natives of Edo who knew Kabuki well called the characters by common names such as: "Shibaraku" as the main good character; "Uke" as the villain; and "Haradashi" as his retainer.
Japanese: ただしそれではいかにも紛らわしいので、歌舞伎関係者や歌舞伎に通じた江戸っ子たちは、それぞれの役どころを、主役の善玉が「暫」、対する悪玉が「ウケ」、その家来が「腹出し」といった具合に、通称で呼んでいた。
English: The names became fixed when Danjuro (the ninth) performed "Shibaraku" as an independent play in 1895.
Japanese: 役名が現在のものに固定するのは明治28年に九代目團十郎によって『暫』が独立した一幕物として上演されて以後のことである。
English: "Shibaraku" is a popular program always at the top of the list, due to its simple scenario.
Japanese: 『暫』は筋書きが簡単明瞭なだけに常に人気演目の上位にあげられる演目となっている。
English: Onitaro OKA, a Kabuki writer and drama critic, commented on this program as follows: "As this is a nonsense drama, just enjoy without arguing."
Japanese: 歌舞伎作者で劇評家の岡鬼太郎は「ナンセンスな芝居、理屈をいわずに黙ってご覧なさい」と評していた。
English: Originally this was a 'Kichirei' (festive custom) program, which was added to another program in yearly kaomise performance.
Japanese: また本来が毎年の顔見世興行で演目の一つに付け足されるかたちの「吉例」の演目だった。
English: Therefore, sophisticated production was created such as 'Onna shibaraku' in which an actor of female roles plays the role of 'Shibaraku.'
Japanese: そのため、ときには「暫」を女形が演じる「女暫」もあるなど、意匠を凝らした演出も見ものだった。
English: The actor who plays the role of "Uke" wears a golden crown, a silver sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), oji katsura (a wig of long hair), and a hefty blue Kumadori called Kugeare.
Japanese: 「ウケ」を勤める役者は、金冠に銀の束帯、王子鬘に公家荒と呼ばれる魁偉な青の隈取をつける。
English: Those who have made hits in this role are Mihoemon NAKAJIMA in the Edo period, Utaemon NAKAMURA (the fifth) after the Meiji period, Shoroku ONOE (the second) and Nizaemon KATAOKA (the thirteenth) after World War II.
Japanese: 江戸時代は中島三甫右衛門が、明治以後は中村歌右衛門(5代目)、戦後は尾上松緑(2代目)、片岡仁左衛門(13代目)などが当り役とした。
English: Utaemon, an actor of female roles, created a rare variation in which "Shibaraku" turns into a woman, saying that he was actually a woman.
Japanese: 女形の歌右衛門は型は、途中で「実は女なのさ」と女性に変身する珍しいものだった。
English: The title in English is "Just Moment."
Japanese: 英語題は「JustMoment」（ちょっと待った）というものになっている。
English: Eight Views of Lake Biwa is a special selection of eight views around Lake Biwa.
Japanese: 琵琶湖八景（びわこはっけい）とは、琵琶湖周辺に存在する八つの情景を特に選んだものである。
English: Shiga Prefecture selected it to introduce the magnificent and varied views of Lake Biwa widely in June 1949.
Japanese: 琵琶湖の雄大さと変化に富んだ風景を広く紹介するため、昭和24年（1949年）6月に滋賀県が選定したもの。
English: Tachiyaku means the role in Kabuki (traditional performing act) of a normal adult male, and it also stands for the actor who plays the role.
Japanese: 立役（たちやく）は、歌舞伎における尋常な成年男子の役、またその役を演じる役者。
English: It does not include katakiyaku (a true villain), dokeyaku (a funny person) and fukeyaku (an old person) (currently, katakiyaku and dokeyaku as an actor's position do not exist and tachiyaku actors play those roles; these names remain only as the types of the roles).
Japanese: ただし芯からの悪人（敵役）、滑稽を主とするもの（道化役）、老人（老役）は含まない（ただし現在では役者の職掌としての敵役・道化役はなくなり、立役役者がこれをかねているものの、役の分類としては右のような区別が存在している）。
English: In many cases, tachiyaku actors act as good people in dramas, and they come up with white makeup.
Japanese: 多く劇中において善人方としてふるまい、白塗りのこしらえをもっぱらとする。
English: Tachiyiaku actors played the leading role in Kabuki, and were considered to be in a higher class than actors in other positions.
Japanese: 立役役者は歌舞伎における中心的な存在であり、ほかの職掌にある役者よりも高い地位にあるものとされた。
English: In many cases, an aragoto is described as a person with brave and wild character, and plays the role of getting rid of the villain with fantastic numen.
Japanese: 多く勇猛粗暴な性格の持主として描かれ、非現実的な霊力によって悪人を退治する。
English: There are direct aragoto programs with an old style, such as Shibaraku and Narukami, while others include the essence of aragoto in a realistic story, such as Sukeroku and Benkei (Kanjincho).
Japanese: 暫・鳴神などのような古様を残す直接的な荒事のほかに、助六・弁慶（勧進帳）のように写実性のなかに荒事の要素を溶けこませた作品もある。
English: In the old days, it was considered to be a main role of tachiyaku as well as wagoto, and was often played by a zagashira.
Japanese: かつては和事と並んで立役の主要な役種とされ、一座の座頭が演じることが多かった。
English: There are two types of Wagoto; one is a Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) style represented by Tojuro SAKATA with the characters of Izaemon in "Yoshidaya" and Kamiji; the other is an Edo (Tokyo) style represented by Shichisaburo NAKAMURA and Sojuro SAWAMURA with the character of SOGA no Juro.
Japanese: 坂田藤十郎などに代表される上方系のもの（『吉田屋』の伊左衛門・紙治など）と、中村七三郎や沢村宗十郎などに代表される江戸系のもの（曽我十郎など）がある。
English: Kakinoha-zushi is a local dish of Nara Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture, and Ishikawa Prefecture.
Japanese: 柿の葉寿司（かきのはずし）は、奈良県・和歌山県、および石川県の郷土料理。
English: Sliced mackerel or salmon is added to bite-sized vinegar rice, and it is wrapped with persimmon leaves and pressed.
Japanese: 一口大の酢飯にサバやサケなどの切り身と合わせ、カキノキの葉で包んで押しをかけたすし。
English: In some places, (it is said that) the vinegar rice is wrapped with konbu (a kind of kelp used for Japanese soup stock) before wrapped with persimmon leaves.
Japanese: 場所によっては、柿の葉を巻く前に昆布を巻いてから柿の葉を巻くところもある（らしい）。
English: Persimmon leaves are said to have antibacterial effects, and by wrapping with them, sushi can be (depending on seasons) preserved for about a few days.
Japanese: 柿の葉には殺菌効果があるといわれており、包むことにより（季節などにもよるが）数日程度の保存に適するようになる。
English: Persimmon leaves are pickled in salt to soften the leaves or to heighten its antibacterial effects.
Japanese: 柿の葉は、やわらかくするため、あるいは殺菌効果を高めるため、塩漬けにする場合がある。
English: It is sold in the major stations of JR lines and the Kintetsu line in Nara Prefecture and Wakayama Prefecture (in the case of the Kintetsu line, it is sold mainly stations at which the limited express stop).
Japanese: 奈良県、和歌山県内のJR線、近鉄線の主要駅（近鉄の場合は主に特急停車駅）で販売されている。
English: On an unfolded persimmon leaf is put on neta (sliced fish for sushi) including mackerel, salmon, yellowtail and bream; the next, vinegar rice is put on neta; then sakura-ebi (small pink shrimp) and seaweed are sprinkled over the rice, and it is put in a container; after the container filled with them, some weight is put on them and they are preserved for a day to a couple of days; after that they can be eaten.
Japanese: 広げた柿の葉の上に鯖・鮭・ブリ・鯛などのネタ、寿司飯の順に載せ、表面にサクラエビ、青藻などを散らし、桶に重ねて重しを乗せて1日～数日おいてから食べる。
English: As it removes fish smell, a bite of gari after eating a piece of sushi refreshes your tongue and you can enjoy the next piece.
Japanese: 魚の臭みを消してくれるので、寿司を一貫食べた後につまむと舌が新しくなって次がおいしく食べられる。
English: Another way to eat gari is to dip it in soy source and put it on sushi.
Japanese: ガリを醤油につけ、それを寿司に乗せて食べる、という寿司の食べ方もある。
English: It is called "gari" because it has rasping touch or when you cut ginger with a knife it makes a rasping sound.
Japanese: 食感がガリガリするところから、あるいはショウガを刃物で薄く削るときにガリガリと音がするところからこの名がついた。
English: The name is a jargon of sushi restaurant where they call soy sauce "murasaki," vinegared rice "shari," or green tea "agari," thus it is not originally a word to be used by customers; however, it has become popular as a common noun.
Japanese: いずれも醤油をムラサキ、酢飯をシャリ、茶をアガリと呼ぶのと同じ寿司屋の符牒であるため、本来は客が使うべきではない言葉であるが、普通名詞として一般化している。
English: Raw fish cools your body but 'gingerol,' a pungent ingredient of ginger has stomachic and sudorific properties and warms your body.
Japanese: また、生魚は身体を冷やすが、生姜の辛味成分「ジンゲロール」は健胃・発汗作用があり、身体を温める効果がある。
English: Gari made of newly harvested ginger turns pink without coloring due to the action of vinegar.
Japanese: 新生姜で製するガリは特に色素を入れなくても酢の作用でピンク色に色づく。
English: However, for commercial reasons, gari that is colored with natural or artificial food coloring is often sold.
Japanese: しかし、商業上の理由から天然色素や人工着色料を使って色をつけて売られているものが多い。
English: Principal ingredients are sesame seeds with its skin peeled off then grinded (Atari goma) (sesame paste), and kuzu starch (arrowroot starch).
Japanese: 主な原材料は、皮をとり、すりつぶしたゴマ（あたり胡麻）および葛粉である。
English: Generally, it is sold in department stores, supermarkets, souvenir shops and Michi no Eki (a roadside rest area with a market of local products for tourists) in Yoshino area, Mt. Koya and so on.
Japanese: 一般的には、デパート、スーパーマーケット、吉野地方・高野山などの土産店、道の駅などで販売されている。
English: It is a standard dish served as Shojin-ryori in almost all Zen temples operating shukubo (visitors' or pilgrims' lodgings in a temple).
Japanese: また宿坊を備えた禅寺院などの食事では、必ずと言ってもよい程供される定番の品目である。
English: Since it is oily for the principal ingredient, sesame, it is eaten often with soy sauce mixed with wasabi (paste of green Japanese horseradish) so as to keep mouth fresh.
Japanese: 胡麻を主原料としており油分を多く含む為、口腔をさっぱりさせながら食べられるよう、ワサビ醤油で食べる事が多い。
English: Grinding sesame seeds sufficiently to achieve a silky smooth, soft texture is time consuming, so for home-made goma-dofu, sesame pastes sold in stores can be used instead of grinding the sesame seeds yourself, and potato starch can be used instead of kuzu starch.
Japanese: 胡麻を、舌触りが滑らかになるまで肌理細かく擂るのは大変に手間のかかる作業だが、家庭で作るならば市販の練りゴマを使い、葛粉は片栗粉（とはいえ大半はジャガイモでんぷんだが）で代用すればよい。
English: Other than sesame seeds, the same kind of tofu may be prepared by using walnuts, peanuts, acorn fruits and so on.
Japanese: 胡麻以外でも、クルミ、ラッカセイ、カシの果実等で同様の食品を作る事ができる。
English: Especially, tofu made with peanuts is a common food in Okinawa Prefecture and it is called 'jimami-dofu.'
Japanese: とくに落花生のものは、沖縄県ではジーマーミ豆腐（じーまーみどうふ）と呼び、一般的な食品である。
English: Tofu made with acorns is made in Kochi Prefecture, and it is said to have been imported during the Bunroku-Keicho War.
Japanese: カシの実の豆腐は高知県で作られており、文禄・慶長の役の際に伝来したものとも言われる。
English: "Saikan no sanyu" were the popular subjects of bunjinga, the literati paintings that first appeared in the Sung period (China)
Japanese: 歳寒三友（さいかんのさんゆう）は、宋(王朝)代より始まった、中国の文人画で好まれる画題のひとつである。
English: These were regarded as the symbols of 'incorruption and constancy,' representing the ideal of litterateur.
Japanese: これらは「清廉潔白・節操」という、文人の理想を表現したものと認識された。
English: However, the 'shochikubai' is regarded as the symbol of 'auspicious' things that is different from the original idea of China.
Japanese: しかし、「松竹梅」といえば「目出度い」ことの象徴と考えられており、本来の、中国の認識とは大きく異なっている。
English: As for the beginning, it is considered that in the Sung period in China, Chinese authors Wen Tong, Su Shih and others painted bamboos as the subject of ink-wash paintings and expanded the subjects to plum trees, orchards, chrysanthemums and pine trees afterwards.
Japanese: 始原と考えられているのは、中国の宋代において、文同、蘇軾等が竹を水墨画の主題として描き始め、後、梅・ラン科・キク・松と画題の広がりを見せていく。
English: Among them, three subjects that were the pine tree, the bamboo and the plum tree became especially popular because of the above reason.
Japanese: その中でも、松・竹・梅の三者が前記理由で特に頻繁に取り上げられていくのである。
English: In the Yuan and the Ming Dynasty, they also became popular as the subjects painted on ceramic wares.
Japanese: 元(王朝)・明代には、陶磁器に描かれる主題としても好まれるようになる。
English: Also, they became a part of life among common people as the subjects used with Kadomatsu (New Year's pine decoration), Hina dolls, and on celebratory occasions such as a wedding or a childbirth, and they could be combined with the subjects such as 'cranes and turtles.'
Japanese: また、門松・雛人形そして結婚式・出産等の慶事に用いられる主題として民間に定着し、「鶴亀」等の主題と組み合わせて用いられることもある。