nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: And although with the advent of warrior society warriors were forbidden from permanently selling the lands from which they drew their stipends, some daimyo allowed the existence of laws within their own domains that permitted warriors to sell their land via nenki-uri under exceptional circumstances, in an attempt to provide financial relief for warriors in dire economic straits.
Japanese: また、武士社会では恩給地の永代売が禁止されていたが、武士の経済状況の救済を目的として年期売を例外的に認めていた分国法も存在する。
English: Moreover, though the Einin-era debt cancellation order does not include any provisions regarding nenki-uri, the debt cancellation orders given during the Kenmu Restoration and under the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) do explicitly apply to nenki-uri.
Japanese: なお、永仁の徳政令では年期売に関する規定はないが、建武政権や室町幕府の徳政令では年期売も対象とされていた。
English: Joji Incident, which occurred in 1366 during the late Northern and Southern Courts Period (Japan) (the early Muromachi period), was an incident by which Yoshimasa SHIBA, shitsuji (steward, later renamed kanrei) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and his father Takatsune SHIBA, an influential shugodaimyo (territorial lord as provincial constables) and a close aid of seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, fell from power.
Japanese: 貞治の変（じょうじのへん）は、日本の南北朝時代(日本)後期（室町時代初期）の貞治5年（1366年）、室町幕府の執事（のちの管領）であった斯波義将およびその父で征夷大将軍足利義詮側近の有力守護大名であった斯波高経が失脚した事件。
English: After shitsuji Kiyouji HOSOKAWA lost his position (Koan Coup) and surrendered to the Southern Court (Japan) in 1361, Takatsune SHIBA (he called himself Docho after becoming a monk) gained the trust of shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and recommended his son Yoshimasa to the post of shitsuji (kanrei) in 1362.
Japanese: 康安元年（1361年）執事の細川清氏が失脚（康安の政変）、南朝(日本)へ降伏した後、斯波高経（出家して道朝と名乗る）は、将軍足利義詮の信任を受け、貞治元年（1362年）には子息の義将を執事（後の管領職にあたる）に推薦した。
English: According to "Taiheiki," Doyo SASAKI, an influential shugodaimyo who made Kiyouji HOSOKAWA lose his position, recommended his son-in-law Ujiyori ROKKAKU in vain and had a grudge against Takatsune.
Japanese: これに対し細川清氏を失脚させた有力守護佐々木道誉は、婿である六角氏頼を推薦していたが果たせず、高経に恨みを懐いたと『太平記』は記す。
English: Takatsune SHIBA further recommended his son Yoshitane SHIBA and grandson Yoshitaka SHIBA to the post of kozamurai-dokoro (an office of officers to guard shogun in attendance) and hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) respectively.
Japanese: 斯波高経はさらに子の斯波義種を小侍所、孫の斯波義高を引付衆につけた。
English: Finally, he recommended Yoshitane to the post of samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) in 1365 and his family monopolized the important posts of the bakufu.
Japanese: そして、貞治4年（1365年）には義種を侍所に推し、幕府中枢の要職を一族で集中させていった。
English: Influential shugodaimyo such as Doyo were offended by the behavior of the Shiba clan and people whispered that these opponents were plotting to kill Takatsune in July 1363.
Japanese: こういった斯波氏の動きに対し、道誉ら有力守護らは反撥を強め、貞治2年（1363年）7月にはこれら反対勢力が高経を討とうと集結しているという噂が立つほどであった。
English: It is said that the above movement was triggered by the fact that Takatsune removed Doyo from the post of the Governor of Settsu Province on the ground of his failure in stopping the invasion of Southern Court's forces into Settsu Province in the same year.
Japanese: 同年の南朝軍の摂津国侵入を阻止できなかったことから高経が道誉の摂津守護職を解いたためという。
English: In 1364 when the bakufu's residence was constructed in Sanjo bomon and its construction work was allotted to shugodaimyo, Takatsune forfeited Norisuke AKAMATSU's territory on the ground of the delay in the construction schedule and incurred Akamatsu clan's resentment.
Japanese: 翌貞治3年（1364年）には、三条坊門に幕府の御所が造営され、各守護に普請が割り当てられたが、赤松則祐の工期が遅れたとして高経が赤松の所領を没収したため、赤松氏の恨みを買った。
English: Doyo KYOGOKU, who was zoei bugyo (administrator) of the construction of Gojo-ohashi Bridge and collected munebetsu-sen Tax from households in Kyoto in order to finance construction cost, also lost his face because Takatsune completed the bridge in a few days at his expense saying Doyo's construction work was too slow.
Japanese: また五条大橋の造営奉行となった京極道誉が、造営費捻出のため京都の家々から棟別銭を徴収していたが、高経は造営が遅いとして自らの出費で数日の内に架橋してしまったため、道誉は面目を潰された格好となった。
English: In reprisal, Zoyo intentionally held a magnificent flower banquette at Oharano on the same day on which Takatsune held a banquette at his residence with the attendance of shogun Yoshiakira.
Japanese: その報復として道誉は、高経邸へ将軍義詮を招き宴を開く日に、わざと大原野で壮麗な花の宴を開いて当てつけた。
English: Takatsune, on his part, forfeited Doyo's Tada no sho estate in Settsu Province on the ground of the arrears in one-twentieth tax and as a result, Doyo, etc. and Takatsune were locked in serious confrontation.
Japanese: それに対し高経は道誉が二十分の一税を滞納していたとの理由で摂津多田荘を没収するなど、道誉らと高経の対立は抜き差しならぬものとなっていた。
English: On September 13, 1366, shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA suddenly gathered his troops at the bakufu located at Sanjo bomon on the pretext of Takatsune SHIBA's conspiracy.
Japanese: 貞治5年8月8日(旧暦)（1366年9月13日）将軍足利義詮は突如、斯波高経の陰謀が露顕したと称して、軍勢を三条坊門の幕府に集結させた。
English: Then, he dispatched an envoy to Takatsune and ordered him to 'Immediately go (to a province whose shugo is yourself). Otherwise, I will punish you.'
Japanese: そして、高経に対し「急ぎ（守護国へ）下向すべし。さもなくば治罰する」と命じる使者を送った。
English: Takatsune, who acknowledged that he couldn't resist, burnt down his residence in the morning of the following fourteenth day and escaped to Echizen Province along with his family and retainers including his son Yoshimasa and Yoshitane.
Japanese: 抵抗できないと悟った高経は翌9日朝には自邸を焼き払い、子息の義将・義種ら一族・被官を伴って越前国へと落ち延びて行った。
English: The official reason for Takatsune's expulsion is considered to be the appeal made by the monks of Kofuku-ji Temple to the Imperial Court saying Takatsune didn't take proper action against his retainer Takakage ASAKURA who invaded Kawaguchi no sho in Echizen Province, the territory of Kofuku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 高経放逐の表向きの理由は、興福寺の衆徒が、高経の被官である朝倉高景による興福寺領越前河口荘への押妨を高経が取り締まらず、放置していたため、朝廷へ嗷訴したためと思われる。
English: It was also said that Takatsune's expulsion was a divine punishment because shinboku (sacred tree) of Kasuga-taisha Shrine (which was the guardian deity of the Fujiwara clan and had a close relationship with Fujiwara clan's temple Kofuku-ji Temple) (Kasuga Shinboku) was brought to Kyoto at that time.
Japanese: 折から春日大社（藤原氏の氏神であり、氏寺である興福寺と密接な関係にある）の神木（春日神木）が京都にもたらされていたため、高経が追放されたのは神罰であるとも言われた。
English: In reality, however, it is considered that the above-mentioned dissatisfaction on the part of Kyogoku and Akamatsu clans was the cause for the decision of shogun Yoshiakira.
Japanese: しかし、実際には上記のような京極氏・赤松氏らの高経への不満が将軍義詮を決断させたものと考えられる。
English: According to "Taiheiki," Yoshiakira asked in tears Takatsune, who was defending himself desperately, to go to his province by saying he was not able to decide things to his satisfaction though he was shogun.
Japanese: 『太平記』では、必死に弁明する高経に対し、義詮は涙を浮かべながら、今の世は将軍の自分でも思い通りにならないので下国してくれと頼んだという。
English: Unlike those people who were defeated in the battle inside the Northern Court (Japan), such as Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASIKAGA who once submitted themselves to the Southern Court in the Kanno Disturbance or Yoshinaga NIKI and Kiyouji HOSOKAWA who shifted from the aids of Yoshiakira to the Southern Court side, Shiba clan obediently returned to Echizen Province instead of shifting to the Southern Court.
Japanese: 観応の擾乱において一時的に南朝へ下った足利直義や足利尊氏、義詮の側近から南朝へ転じた仁木義長・細川清氏のようなそれまでの北朝(日本)内部の争乱の没落側と異なり、斯波一族の場合は南朝方へ走ることはなく、おとなしく守護国の越前へと下った。
English: The above showed the fact that after influential shugodaimyo like Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA submitted themselves to Northern Court (bakufu) in 1363 when Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA was shogun, the superiority of the Northern Court became apparent and unquiet days of Northern and Southern Courts was ending nationwide.
Japanese: これは足利義詮政権の下で、貞治2年（1363年）に大内弘世・山名時氏ら有力守護が南朝から北朝（幕府）へ帰順するなど、この時期には北朝の優位がほぼ確定し、全国的にも南北朝の動乱期が収まりつつあることを示すものであった。
English: After Takatsune went to Echizen, bakufu organized a large army consisted of the forces of Takahide SASAKI (Doyo's son), Mitsunori AKAMATSU, Ujifuyu YAMANA Yoriyasu TOKI and Yoshitou HATAKEYAMA and besieged Soyama-jo Castle and Kuriya-jo Castle where Takatsune and Yoshimasa confined themselves respectively.
Japanese: 高経らが越前に入ると、幕府は佐々木高秀（道誉の子）、赤松光範、山名氏冬、土岐頼康、畠山義深らによる大軍を編成し、高経の籠もる杣山城および義将の拠る栗屋城を包囲した。
English: After the collapse of the Shiba clan, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA immediately deprived it of shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of the provinces of Wakasa, Echizen, Ecchu and Settsu, made these provinces bakufu's territory, dispatched bugyonin (group of magistrates), returned Jisha Honjo Ryo (lands formerly owned by temples/shrines) and suspended hanzei (shugo's right to collect half of the taxes).
Japanese: 斯波氏没落後、足利義詮はすぐにその領国である若狭国・越前・越中国・摂津などの守護職を没収し、幕府の御料所となし、奉行人を派遣して、寺社本所領の返付や半済の停止を執行した。
English: Thanks to the above, Yoshiakira regained the confidence of court nobles and temples/shrines while restricting the authority of influential shugo and enhanced the stability of Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: これにより義詮は有力守護権力を抑制するとともに公家・寺社からの信頼を取り戻し、室町幕府の安定性を大いに高めることとなった。
English: In 1367, Yoshinaga NIKI submitted himself to bakufu, Yoshimasa SHIBA was permitted to return to Kyoto (reappointed to shugo of Ecchu Province), Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA (a cousin of Kiyouji) who was then in Sanuki Province came to Kyoto and finally Ashikaga bakufu system under which influential shugo submitted themselves to shogun Yoshiakira was established.
Japanese: 貞治6年には仁木義長も幕府に帰参し、斯波義将も許されて上洛（越中守護に復帰）、さらに讃岐国に下っていた細川頼之（清氏の従兄弟）も上洛し、将軍義詮の下に有力守護らが従う足利幕府体制が確立する。
English: According to his will, kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA took on a role to support new shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (the story of "Taiheiki" ended with this event).
Japanese: 遺言により、管領細川頼之が新将軍足利義満を支える体制となった（このできごとをもって『太平記』の物語は終焉する）。
English: However, the policy of controlling shugo's authority implemented by Yoshimitsu and Yoriyuki gradually led to the increase of anti-Yoriyuki groups and the arbitrary behavior of Yoriyuki became similar to that of Takatsune SHIBA during the age of shogun Yoshiakira.
Japanese: しかし、義満・頼之による守護抑制政策は、次第に反頼之派を増やすこととなり、頼之の専断は義詮政権における斯波高経の権勢の再来のようになる。
English: As with the case where Takatsune SHIBA was overthrown by Joji Incident, Yoriyuki was removed from his post and forced to become a monk by Koryaku Coup and Yoshimasa SHIBA, a son of Takatsune, became kanrei in place of Yoriyuki.
Japanese: 結局は斯波高経が貞治の変で失脚したのと同様、康暦の政変によって頼之は罷免・出家を余儀なくされ、代わって高経の子・斯波義将が管領となる。
English: Yoshimasa strengthened the power of the shogun taking advantage of the coup, as with his father who took advantage of Joji Incident, and eventually led Muromachi bakufu to its height of power by defeating the Toki clan, the Yamana clan, and the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: 義満が政変を利用して将軍権力を強めていくのも父の貞治の変と同工異曲であり、やがて土岐氏・山名氏・大内氏を討った義満は、室町幕府の最盛期を築くこととなる。
English: The term "Osamedono" means a palace where gold/silver, costumes and/or furnishings were kept.
Japanese: 納殿（おさめどの）とは、金銀・衣装・調度品など各種の品物を納めて置く場所。
English: At the Imperial Palace, according to "Seikyuki" (volume 8, shoshoji), Giyo-den, Kurodo-dokoro/Ryoki-den and Jiju-den were used as Osamedono for inherited Imperial treasures, other general Imperial treasures and papers/folding screens respectively.
Japanese: 宮中においては、累代の御物は宜陽殿、恒例の御物は蔵人所・綾綺殿、紙と屏風は仁寿殿を納殿としていたことが『西宮記』（巻8・所々事）に記されている。
English: Other than the above, the fact that Shunko-den was also used as Osamedono was recorded in "Nihon koki" (Later Chronicle of Japan) (dated December 2nd of the fourth year of Jowa era) and "Sandaijitsuroku" (the sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) (dated February 21st of the eighth year of the Gangyo era).
Japanese: それ以外に、春興殿も納殿として用いられていたことが『日本後紀』（承和4年12月辛卯（2日）条）及び『三代実録』（元慶8年2月21日条）によって知られる。
English: Such Osamedono were managed by Kurodo-dokoro, the office of Imperial household logistics, and its officials like kurodo (Chamberlain)/zoshiki (low-level functionary) were in charge of actual administration.
Japanese: これらは天皇の家政機関であった蔵人所の管理下にあり、同所の蔵人・雑色らが管理にあたった。
English: According to "Imakagami," Osamedono existed at the residence of FUJIWARA no Morozane and MINAMOTO no Masazane and according to "Azumakagami" (dated June 17th of the first year of Antei era), Osamedono was constructed at the residence of seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 『今鏡』には藤原師実や源雅実の邸宅の納殿が登場し、『吾妻鏡』（安貞元年6月17日条）にも征夷大将軍の御所に納殿が造営された記事が存在している。
English: Instead of Osamedono, the term 'nando' came to be used from the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 室町時代頃より「納戸」という呼び名が代わりに用いられるようになった。
English: The term "Yusoden" means rice fields on which denso (rice field tax) was imposed under the taxation system of Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo Code).
Japanese: 輸租田（ゆそでん）とは、律令制における田地の課税方式の区分のうち、田租を国家へ納めることが定められた田。
English: The amount of denso was nitaba-niwa (two sheaves and two bunches) per a dan (about 992 ㎡)of rice field under Taiho Code and it was revised to hitotaba-gowa (one sheaves and five bunches) by Kakushiki (amendment of Ritsuryo Code) dated October 21, 706.
Japanese: 田租は大宝律令では1段につき2束2把、慶雲3年9月10日(旧暦)（706年10月21日）格式では1束5把に改められた。
English: Denso was delivered from Yusoden to kokuga (provincial government offices) from September (old calendar) to November (old calendar) every year when rice was harvested.
Japanese: 毎年稲の収穫が終わる9月(旧暦)から11月(旧暦)にかけて輸租田から国衙に田租が納入された。
English: On the other hand, rice fields which were exempted from denso were called fuyusoden (provided that rice fields which didn't belong either of the above two categories called yujishiden (such as joden, mushuden and shukoden on which jishi (land tax) was imposed instead of denso) also existed).
Japanese: これに対して田租を納め無い田を不輸租田と呼ぶ（ただし、いずれにも属しない輸地子田（乗田・無主田・収公田など田租の替わりに地子を納める田地）も存在する）。
English: Though the distinction between yusoden and fuyusoden varied depending on the times, it is commonly understood that kubunden (rice fields given to each peasant), iden (rice fields given based on the court rank), kuden (rice fields given to those who did meritorious deeds for the state), shiden (rice fields given by the Emperor), kokuzoden (rice fields given to local officials), gunjishikiden (rice fields given to gunji (local magistrate) and konden (newly developed rice fields) were categorized as yosoden and shikiden (rice fields given to high-ranking officials), kugaiden, ekiden, kanden (imperial rice fields), jiden (rice fields associated with temples), shinden (rice fields associated with shrines) and unemeden were categorized as fuyusoden.
Japanese: 輸租田と不輸租田の区別は時期によっても異なるが、通説では口分田・位田・功田・賜田・国造田・郡司職田・墾田が輸租田、職田・公廨田・駅起田・官田・寺田・神田・釆女田が不輸租田にあたる。
English: According to the decline of handensei (Ritsuryo land allotment system), taxation system of rice fields itself changed and eventually, yusoden and yujishiden were integrated into koden (rice fields administered directly by a ruler) and denso and jishi were integrated into sokoku.
Japanese: 班田制の衰退とともに田地の課税方式自体が変質し、輸祖田と輸地子田が公田、田租と地子が租穀として一括把握されるようになった。
English: Although the standard amount of sokoku was santo (about fifty-four liters) (equivalent to six sheaves), the actual imposed amount was not constant.
Japanese: 租穀は1段につき3斗（6束に相当）が基準とされたが、実際の賦課は一定では無かった。
English: Rice fields categorized as yusoden were imposed denso even though they were influential families' shoen (manor).
Japanese: 輸租田に該当する田地はたとえ権門所有の荘園であったとしても田租が徴収された。
English: In the tenth century, however, these influential families obtained fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) by Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State)/Minbushofu (official documents issued by Minbusho, Ministry of Popular Affaires) and converted their shoen into fuyusoden in effect.
Japanese: しかし、10世紀に入ると権門が太政官符・民部省符によって不輸の権(日本)を獲得して，所有する荘園を事実上の不輸租田とした。
English: Oshikai or oshigai describes an act of purchase by force in a market place without an agreement between the seller and the buyer.
Japanese: 押買（おしかい/おしがい）とは、市場において双方の折り合いが付いていないにも関わらず、強引に商品を買いあさる行為。
English: Since 1240, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) often issued laws forbidding oshigai.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府では仁治元年（1240年）以来、たびたび押買の禁令を出している。
English: From the middle ages to the beginning of the modern era, oshigai and oshiuri along with pawn taking, were regulated as unacceptable customs in markets.
Japanese: 中世から近世初期にかけて押買・押売は、質取行為と並んで市場における悪習として取締りの対象とされた。
English: According to the "Ouchi-shi Okite-gaki (rules set by Mr. Ouchi)," they were called kobo-kai as well as shugo-gai as some used their official powers and force of arms to coerce sales.
Japanese: 『大内氏掟書』によれば、権力や武力を用いて強引に買いあさるために「公方買」「守護買」などとも呼ばれていたことが記されている。
English: Both the "Yuki-ke Hatto" (a territorial law promulgated by the Yuki family) and the "Azuchi-joka Okite-gaki (rules in the castle town of Azuchi)" prohibited oshigai.
Japanese: 他にも『結城家法度』や『安土城下掟書』でも押買禁止が明記されている。
English: Shichikuzan Chigogataki Fudomyoo is a historical site located at Magura, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 紫竹山稚児ヶ滝不動明王（しちくざんちごがたきふどうみょうおう）は、京都府舞鶴市真倉にある史跡である。
English: A fall about eight-meter-long accompanied by fifty-centimeter-tall Fudomyoo on its both sides is situated at the penetraria of the precincts and in front of it, an over 300 year-old 'tsuki no ki' (Japanese zelcova) is enshrined as shinboku (divine tree).
Japanese: 境内最奥に、高さ50cm程の不動明王像を両脇に従えた長さ8m程度の段瀑が掛かっており、その手前には樹齢300年を越えた「ツキの木（欅）」が神木として祀られている。
English: The entrance of the approach is located about two kilometers southwest of Magura Station and it is about a ten-minute walk from there.
Japanese: 真倉駅から国道を南西方向に約2km進むと参道入り口有り、そこより徒歩でおおよそ10分。
English: Chokan-kanmon (or Chokan no kanmon) was kanmon (written report for what the Imperial court requested) written in the Chokan era (1163 - 1164) during the Heian period.
Japanese: 長寛勘文（ちょうかんかんもん、ちょうかんのかんもん）は、平安時代の長寛年間（1163年-1164年）に編纂された勘文。
English: It is known by the fact that 'Kumano Gongen Suijaku Engi' was cited in its text.
Japanese: 勘文中に「熊野権現垂迹縁起」（くまのごんげんすいじゃくえんぎ）が引用されていることでも知られる。
English: It was written when the Yatsushiro no sho teihai-jiken (incident of the abolishment of Yatsushiro no sho) occurred at Yatsushiro no sho in Kai Province, which was the estate of Kumano-sha Shrine.
Japanese: 熊野社領である甲斐国八代荘で発生した八代荘停廃事件を機にまとめられたもの。
English: It was the document which described the confrontation between kokuga (provincial government office) and shoen (manor) during the Heian period and officially confirmed the fact that enshrined deity of Kumano sanzan (three major shrines of Kumano) and that of Ise-jingu Shrine were different.
Japanese: 平安後期における国衙と荘園の対立を物語ると同時に、熊野三山と伊勢神宮との祭神が異なることが公式に確認された文書である。
English: Yatsushiro no sho (Yatsushiro-cho, Fuefuki City, Higashiyatsushiro-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture) was shoen which FUJIWARA no Akitoki, the provincial governor of Kai Province, donated to Kumano-hongu-taisha Shrine in the Kyuan era (1145 - 1151) with the approval of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 八代荘（山梨県東八代郡笛吹市八代町）は、久安年間（1145年-1151年）に甲斐守藤原顕時が朝廷の承認を得て熊野本宮大社に寄進した荘園である。
English: Yatsushiro no sho was located in Yatsushiro-gun, Kai Province (Kai Province) and when it was donated, Kumano betto (a head Sinto priest) Tankai placed boji (signs placed at the border of territory) in order to clarify shrine's territory.
Japanese: 八代荘は甲斐国八代郡(甲斐国)にあり、寄進を受けた時の熊野別当湛快は牓示を立てて社領であることを示した。
English: As Kumano belief was popular among the Retired Emperors and their close aides in the cloister government period, the Emperor Toba issued a few years later innocho kudashibumi (a letter issued by innocho, the retired Emperor's office) prohibiting the intervention of kokushi (provincial governor) as well as imposition of koso (public tax).
Japanese: 院政期には太上天皇や院近臣の間で熊野信仰が盛んであったことから、数年後に鳥羽天皇は院庁下文を発して国司の妨害や公租を禁じた。
English: A few years later, neighboring Nagae no sho and Yasuda no sho were added to the shrine's territory as kanoden (lands located outside shoen, but cultivated by shoen's farmer) and these were also approved as tax-exempted shoen by innocho kudashibumi issued by Tobain.
Japanese: さらにこの数年後には、近隣の長江荘および安多荘が社領に加納田として加えられ、これらの荘園も同じく鳥羽院の院庁下文により公租免除とされた。
English: In 1162, FUJIWARA no Tadashige, who was newly appointed to the provisional governor of Kai Province, got his deputy Kiyohiro NAKAHARA to go to Kai Province and ordered him to abolish the newly established shoen and kanoden based upon the Imperial decree ordering to do so.
Japanese: 応保2年（1162年）、甲斐守に任じられた藤原忠重は、国内に新設された荘園や加納田を停廃せよとの宣旨を受け、甲斐国に下向させる目代の中原清弘にその旨を命じた。
English: Along with local official Morimasa SAEGUSA, Kiyohiro invaded into Yatsushiro no sho commanding his force and removed boji, plundered nengu (land tax), arrested local farmers, confined or injured shrine associates while eliminating the resistance of any shrine associates.
Japanese: 清弘は、在庁官人の三枝守政らとともに八代荘に軍兵を率いて侵入し、荘園の神人の抵抗を斥けて、牓示を撤去し、年貢を強奪したばかりか、在家追捕、神人の監禁・傷害といった濫行を起こした。
English: In face of the above situation, Kumanosan Shrine immediately appealed to the Imperial Court and in the following year (1163), the Imperial Court requested Myobo hakase (a teacher of law) Gyorin NAKAHARA to conduct kanjin (research and report about Imperial rituals).
Japanese: これに対し、熊野山はただちに朝廷に提訴し、翌長寛元年（1163年）、朝廷は明法博士の中原業倫に勧申させた。
English: Based on the details concerning the establishment of Yatsushiro no sho and the description of 'Kumano Gongen Suijaku Engi,' Gyorin reported that the conducts of Tadashige etc came under the clause of Todaishi goshinbutsu of Ritsuryo code because they neglected innocho kudashibumi and offended Kumano Gongen Deity which was identical with Ise, and that they should be sentenced to death by hanging.
Japanese: 業倫は、八代荘設立の経緯と「熊野権現垂迹縁起」の記述とを根拠として、忠重らの狼藉を、院庁下文を無視し、伊勢と同体である熊野権現を侵犯したことから律令の盗大祀御神物に相当するとして、絞刑とするべきだと勘申した。
English: When Gyorin's kanmon was submitted, a question concerning whether or not Ise and Kumano were identical was raised and it attracted attention as the more important problem than punishment.
Japanese: 業倫の勘申により、伊勢と熊野が同体であるか否かが問題となり、断罪以上に重要な問題として関心を集めた。
English: Under such circumstances, experts' opinions were sought and people like FUJIWARA no Norikane, Moromitsu NAKAHARA (these two persons; April 15th of the same year), FUJIWARA no Naganori (April 16th of the same year), FUJIWARA no Nagamitsu (April 21st of the same year), FUJIWARA no Koremichi (April 2nd of the same year), KIYOHARA no Yorinari (April 24th of the same year) provided their views.
Japanese: こうして有識者の意見が募られ、藤原範兼、中原師光（以上、同年4月15日付）、藤原永範（同年4月16日付）、藤原長光（同年4月21日）、藤原伊通（長寛2年〈1164年〉4月2日付）、清原頼業（同年4月24日付）といった人々が意見を述べた。
English: The incident stemmed from the confrontation between local officials and shoen in the late Heian period ended with banishment of official who attempted to place shoen under the rule of kokuga.
Japanese: 平安末期における地方官人と荘園との対立に端を発する事件は、荘園を国衙の支配下に置こうと企てた官人が配流となることで幕を閉じた。
English: In other words, not only the fact that the provincial governor could no more wield his authority over shoen, but also the fact that innocho kudashibumi had superiority over the Emperor's decree were confirmed by this incident.
Japanese: すなわち、この事件により、国司の権限が荘園に及ばなくなっていることだけでなく、天皇の宣旨よりも院庁下文が優先することが確認された。
English: At the same time, Chokan-kanmon is a precious historical material by which we can well understand the religious philosophy of Jingi (gods of heaven and earth) at the time as well as the reality of the Retired Emperors' support for Kumano sanzan in the late stage of the Heian period.
Japanese: 同時に当時の神祇に関する宗教思想のあり方を知ることができる点や、平安後期における院による熊野三山への支援を知ることができる点において、重要な史料となっている。
English: "Gunshoruiju twenty-sixth volume," compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA, corrected by Zoku-Gunshoruiju Kanseikai, published by Zoku-Gunshoruiju Kanseikai in 1971
Japanese: 塙保己一編、続群書類従完成会校、1971、『群書類従第26輯』、続群書類従完成会
English: The term "Zoyakumen" (or Zoekiden) means myoden (rice fields named after the local land lords who developed the land in question) which were exempted from zatsueki (levies other than land tax) under the system of shoen (manor) and kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government) during the medieval period.
Japanese: 雑役免（ぞうやくめん/ぞうえきでん）とは、中世の荘園及び国衙領において雑役納入を免除された名田を指す。
English: The first type was land certified by kokushi (Provincial Governor) as Zoyakumen kei shoen (shoen originated from Zoyakumen) and whose lords paid kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as tax) to kokuga (provincial government offices) while securing kuji (public duties)/zatsueki (odd job tasks) for themselves.
Japanese: まず、雑役免系荘園として国司から認められ、官物は国衙に納めるが、公事・雑役は荘園領主に納めたものである。