nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Tenno is sometimes called 'Tenno in nowadays,' 'present Tenno,' and 'Kinjo Tenno' as the third person, which are without honorific titles, but it is rare to call Tenno in euphemistic expressions such as 'Okami' and 'Seijo' in recent years.
Japanese: 三人称として、敬称をつけずに「今の天皇」「現在の天皇」「今上天皇」と呼ばれることもあるが、近年では「お上」「聖上」などの婉曲表現で呼ぶことはまれである。
English: In some publications, examples using title 'OO (name of Japanese era) Tenno,' without using honorific titles to Kinjo Tenno for the third person (for example: Akihito), can be seen here and there.
Japanese: 一部の出版物においては、今上天皇に対して、敬称を用いない三人称に「○○（元号）天皇」（例：「明仁｣）という称号を用いる事例が散見される。
English: However, 'OO (name of Japanese era) Tenno' should be a posthumous name sent after Tenno's Hogyo, so essentially a usage like this is a mistake.
Japanese: しかし、「○○（元号）天皇」はその天皇の崩御後に贈られる諡になるため、本来的にいうならばこうした用法は誤りである。
English: A word meaning Tenno in English is basically Emperor with capital E.
Japanese: 英語における天皇を意味する言葉は、原則として大文字のEを用いたEmperorである。
English: In some cases, the definite article (the) is used, but the principle of using capital E can't be broken (for it is treated as a proper noun).
Japanese: 定冠詞（the）を付ける場合もあるが、その場合でも大文字のEという原則は崩れない（固有名詞扱いであるため）。
English: An honorific title used when referring to the Emperor is His Majesty, sometimes is written as His Imperial Majesty, and sometimes is also abbreviated as H.M.
Japanese: 天皇を言及する際に用いられる尊称はHisMajestyであるが、HisImperialMajestyと記すこともあり、また略してH.M.と記す場合もある。
English: Since Tenno is a male, her Majesty basically means 'Kogo,' but the abbreviation is also H.M., same as the Tenno.
Japanese: 天皇は男性であるため、HerMajestyは原則として「皇后」を意味するが、略号は天皇と同じくH.M.である。
English: When mentioning '～Tenno Heika' officially, the name is mentioned after His Imperial Majesty (the) Emperor.
Japanese: 「～天皇陛下」という場合、正式にはHisImperialMajesty(the)Emperorの後に名前を記す。
English: When mentioning both Tenno Heika and Kogo Heika, it is expressed as Their Imperial Majesties Emperor and Empress.
Japanese: 天皇皇后両陛下という場合は、TheirImperialMajestiesEmperorandEmpressとなる。
English: Generally, Your Imperial Majesty is used when speaking to Tenno, and the form of speaking to 'the dignity as the Emperor' is taken.
Japanese: 天皇に対する呼びかけは一般的にYourImperialMajestyで、「皇帝としての威厳」に対して呼びかけるという形式になる。
English: Further, Denka, an honorific title for the Imperial families excluding Tenno and Kogo, is His/Her Imperial Highness, but Imperial can't be omitted in this case.
Japanese: なお、天皇・皇后以外の皇族への尊称である殿下は、His/HerImperialHighnessであるが、この場合はImperialは省略できない。
English: In fields of history and others, there are some cases of mentioning Tenno or Mikado, to express Tenno as the being peculiar to Japan.
Japanese: 歴史学などの分野では日本固有の存在としての天皇を強調する意味でTennoやMikadoと呼ぶこともままある。
English: The Korean Peninsula existed dependent upon successive Chinese Dynasties for a long time, and 'Tenshi' and 'Kotei' was a title for only one person that ruled the world in the Zhongyuan Dynasty, to which Korean Peninsula had belonged.
Japanese: 朝鮮半島は長く中国歴代王朝の属国として存在しており、朝鮮半島が属していた中原王朝では「天子」・「皇帝」とは世界を治める唯一の者の称号であった。
English: Because of that, in Korea, titles of Ko and Tei (both meaning the Emperor) for the Tenno's family were not accepted, and the titles such as 'Wao' and 'Nihon Kokuo' (both meaning the King of Japan) were used.
Japanese: そのため朝鮮ではこのように天皇家の皇や帝を称することを認めず「倭王」「日本国王」等の称号を用いたりした。
English: In modern times, demanded by the Empire of Japan winning the Japanese-Sino War, the Chinese Suzerainty over Korea collapsed after Korea left from the Sakuho system (the Chinese vassal system), and called the Tenno of Japan the Emperor for the first time after being newly subordinated to the Empire of Japan.
Japanese: 近世に入って日清戦争に勝利した大日本帝国の清への要求により、朝鮮は清国の冊封体制から離脱し大韓帝国となると華夷秩序の関係が崩れ、新たに大日本帝国の従属下に入った事によって初めて日本の天皇を皇帝と称した。
English: After the independence of Korean Peninsula, the translation 'Emperor' meaning Emperor in English was not inherited, but the title 'Nihon Kokuo' (Nichio) was used, and following that, 'Koshitsu' (Imperial family) was called 'Oshitsu' (King's family), and 'Kotaishi' (Crown Prince) was called 'Oseishi' (heir of King).
Japanese: 朝鮮半島独立後は、英語で天皇を意味する「Emperor」の訳語を踏襲せず「日本国王」（日王）という称号を用いてこれに倣い「皇室」を「王室」、「皇太子」を「王世子」と呼んだ。
English: After that, the title 'Tenno' had come to be used commonly, and concerning 'Koshitsu/Oshitsu' and 'Kotaishi/Oseishi,' they were used equivalently.
Japanese: その後「天皇」と言う称号が一般的に使用されるようになり、「皇室/王室」、「皇太子/王世子」に関しては同等に用いていた。
English: There is a theory stating that the reason for this naming is not only because of 'little Sino-centrism,' but also because of retaliation for being demoted from 'Kotei' to 'O' (King) once again by Japan even after they came to call themselves the Korean Empire and held the title of Emperor without hesitation after the independence from the Sakuho system of Qing.
Japanese: この原因として韓国の「小中華思想」の他、朝鮮が清国の冊封体制から自立した後、大韓帝国と改称して憚りなく皇帝を称するようになったのに日本により再び「皇帝」から「王」に格下げされたことに対する報復であると指摘する説もある。
English: Recently, the President Dae-jing KIM worked on the mass media to follow the custom of various countries and use the title 'Tenno,' but the mass media split into those that follow and those that do not.
Japanese: 最近になって大統領金大中は諸国の慣例に従って「天皇」という称号を用いる様にマスコミ等に働きかけたがマスコミはそれに従う者と従わない者に二分した。
English: And the next President Moo-Hyun ROH showed an attitude to convert the former policy because they were not prepared to decide to use either 'Tenno' or 'Nichio' for they did not confirm whether the title Tenno was used worldwide.
Japanese: そして次の大統領盧武鉉は天皇という称号が世界的かどうか確認していないため「天皇」と「日王」どちらを用いるべきか準備ができていないと従来の方針を転換する姿勢を示した。
English: Before the Meiji Restoration, Tenno had more than one spouse other than Kogo, because a concubine was generally accepted.
Japanese: 明治維新以前は一般的に側室を認める時代のため、天皇には皇后以外の複数の配偶者がいた。
English: Since monogamy spread through the people of the country from the influence of civil law after the Meiji Restoration, it also spread through Imperial family and nobility.
Japanese: 明治維新以降、国民の間では民法の影響で一夫一妻制が浸透したので、皇族や貴族の中においても一夫一妻制が広まった。
English: However, since Emperor Meiji had a concubine, the first Tenno to put monogamy into practice was Emperor Taisho.
Japanese: ただ、明治天皇には側室がいたため、最初に一夫一妻制を実現した天皇は大正天皇である。
English: In ancient Japan, shisei, or ujina and kabane, was positioned as a name granted by Tenno to his retainers (Shisei system).
Japanese: 古代日本において、氏姓、すなわちウジ名とカバネは天皇が臣下へ賜与するものと位置づけられていた（→氏姓制度）。
English: Tenno stood in a transcendent position so that no one existed above to grant Tenno a shisei, and that is why Tenno didn't have shisei.
Japanese: 天皇は、氏姓を与える超越的な地位にあり、天皇に氏姓を与える上位存在がなかったため、天皇は氏姓を持たなかったのである。
English: This is a very peculiar situation, with no similarities seen in Eastern Asia.
Japanese: このことは、東アジア世界において他に類を見ない非常に独特なものである。
English: However, Daio-ke (antecedent of Tenno's family) is said to have had family name, before uji-kabane was systematized.
Japanese: しかし、ウジ・カバネが制度化される以前の大王家（天皇家の前進）は、姓を有していたとされている。
English: The fact that the five kings of Wa (ancient name of Japan) in the 5th century called themselves 'Wasan,' 'Wasai,' and so on, can be seen in "Sosho" Wakokuden (articles about Wa written in Sung) and Bunteiki, and it is clear that the kings at that time had the family name of 'Wa.'
Japanese: 5世紀の倭の五王が、倭讃、倭済などと称したことが『宋書』倭国伝ないし文帝紀などに見え、当時の倭国王が「倭」姓を称していたことがわかる。
English: From this fact, it is believed that the king of the Yamato Dynasty needed to have a family name in order to form a Sakuho relationship with Sung (Southern Dynasty).
Japanese: このことから、宋(南朝)との冊封関係を結ぶ上で、ヤマト王権の王が姓を称する必要があったのだと考えられている。
English: Further, there is an opinion that Daio-ke had family name until the beginning of 7th century since there is a description in "Zuisho (Sui Shu)" Wakokuden (articles about Wa written in Sui) stating that the family name of Wakoku-o (king of Wa) is 'Ama' or 'Ame,' but because it is not a single letter family name seen in Chinese style, an opinion that 'Ama' or 'Ame' is not a family name is supported.
Japanese: また、『隋書』倭国伝に倭国王の姓を「阿毎」（あま、あめ）とする記述があり、7世紀初頭まで大王家が姓を有していたとする考えもあるが、中国風の一字姓でないことから「阿毎」は姓でないとする見解が支持されている。
English: A theory stating that the family name 'Wa' of Daio-ke was abandoned at the end of the 5th century when leaving the Sakuho system in China, or was abandoned in between the end of the 5th century and the first half of the 6th century when the Shise system was established, is powerful.
Japanese: 大王家の「倭」姓は、中国の冊封体制から離脱した5世紀末ないし、氏姓制度の形成が進んだ5世紀末から6世紀前半までの間に放棄されたとする説が有力となっている。
English: Takashi YOSHIDA states that the reason Daio and Tenno stood aloof from 'sei' (family name) system by not having it was because Wakoku (country of Wa) left the Chinese Sakuho system at the end of the 5th century, and was not taken into the system as Wakoku-o even during the Reign of Empress Suiko at the beginning of the 7th century.
Japanese: 吉田孝は、倭国が5世紀末に中国の冊封体制から離脱し、7世紀初頭の推古朝でも倭国王に冊封されなかったことが、大王天皇が姓を持たず「姓」制度を超越し続けたことにつながったとしている。
English: Succession to the Imperial Throne is when an heir to the Imperial Throne, such as the crown prince, succeeds to the Imperial Throne (position of Emperor).
Japanese: 皇位継承とは、皇太子などの皇位継承者が皇位（天皇の位）を継承することである。
English: It is almost a synonym for the succession to the King's Throne or succession to the Emperor's Throne, meaning the succession to the position of King and Emperor, in other countries.
Japanese: 諸外国における国王・皇帝の地位の継承を意味する王位継承、あるいは帝位継承とほぼ同義語である。
English: The succession to the Imperial Throne of the Emperor was provided for in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and in the Constitution of Japan.
Japanese: 天皇の皇位継承は、大日本帝国憲法及び日本国憲法で明文規定されていた。
English: In the Constitution of Japan, it states that the 'Imperial Throne, which is hereditary, is succeeded under the rule of the Imperial House Act decided by the Diet'
Japanese: 日本国憲法では「皇位は、世襲のものであつて、國會（国会）の議決した皇室典範の定めるところにより、これを繼承（継承）する。
English: And in that Imperial House Act, it states that the 'Imperial Throne is succeeded to a male in the male line of the Imperial lineage'
Japanese: その皇室典範には「皇位は、皇統に屬（属）する男系の男子が、これを繼承（継承）する。
English: It is positioned as 'The symbol of the country of Japan and the symbol of unity of the people in Japan' in the Constitution of Japan.
Japanese: 日本国憲法において、「日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴」（第一条）と位置づけられる。
English: Since there are no regulations about the head of state in the Constitution of Japan, arguments about the position of the Emperor have taken place, but officially, he is treated as the head of state inside and outside Japan.
Japanese: 日本国憲法には元首の規定がなく、天皇の地位について議論がなされているが、公式には日本内外で元首として扱われる。
English: In the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the position is provided in Article 1 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan that 'The Empire of Japan is ruled by the Emperor in unbroken line,' and article 4 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan states that 'The Emperor is the head of state of the country, and controls the right to rule depended on the articles of this Constitution,' which clearly provides as 'the head of state,' unlike the Constitution of Japan.
Japanese: 大日本帝国憲法においては、その大日本帝国憲法第1条で、「大日本帝國ハ萬世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス」と定められており、大日本帝国憲法第4条で「天皇ハ国ノ元首ニシテ統治権ヲ総攬シ此ノ憲法ノ条規ニ依リテ之ヲ行フ」と、日本国憲法とは異なり明確に「元首」と規定されている。
English: When the Constitution of the Empire of Japan is interpreted without argument, it can be read as if the Emperor had very strong powers.
Japanese: 大日本帝国憲法を素直に解釈すると、天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読める。
English: However, also in and after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely ordered directly and practiced politics.
Japanese: しかし、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
English: On this point, there is an opinion insisting that in fact, the Emperor was similar to those in present day Japan and Great Britain, which holds the principle that 'he reigns, but doesn't govern.'
Japanese: この点について「君臨すれども統治せず」という原則をとる現代の日本やイギリスなどの君主と実態においては近しい存在であったという意見もある。
English: However, there are other opinions insisting that it is different, because the Emperor used his influential power in important political situations.
Japanese: しかし、重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
English: The Emperor is significant not only for his constitutional functions, but also for the existence as the one that holds 'inori' (prayer) in Shihohai, which is a court ritual held to pray for the welfare of the country, etc.
Japanese: 国事行為だけでなく宮中祭祀である国の安泰を祈願する四方拝等「祈り」を行う存在としての天皇も意義深い。
English: Refer to 'state sponsorship of Shintoism' and 'fundamental character of the nation' for the relationship between the Emperor and Shinto religion from Meiji period to the period right after the war.
Japanese: 明治から戦争直後までの天皇と神道との関係は「国家神道」、「国体」を参照。
English: Further, the Emperor was deeply connected with Buddhism until the Edo period, and until 1871, there were mortuary tablets of the successive Emperors in Kokudo-no-ma (room with a black door) in the Imperial court.
Japanese: また、江戸時代までは仏教とも深く繋がっており、明治４年までは宮中の黒戸の間に仏壇があり、歴代天皇の位牌があった。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, each and every function held according to Buddhist rites that continued for a thousand years have stopped, the mortuary tablets of the Emperors and the Imperial families, which were called 'Sonpai,' were gathered in Sennyu-ji Temple in Kyoto, and the Emperor became estranged to Buddhism since the relationship between both was assumed to have been ended.
Japanese: 維新以後は一千年続いた仏式の行事はすべて停止され、「尊牌」と称された天皇や皇族の位牌は京都の泉涌寺にまとめられ、天皇家とは縁切りということになり、仏教とは疎遠となった。
English: The Emperor held important authority in Japanese history, but the length of the period which the Emperor held the actual sovereignty as the ruler is extremely short compared to the length of the period the Emperor had existed, and most of the sovereignty was held by nobilities other than the Emperor, samurai families, bureaucracy, etc.
Japanese: 天皇は日本の歴史において重要な権威を有していたが、実際に君主として統治権を行使していた期間は、天皇が存在していた期間と比べ極端に短く、ほとんどが天皇以外の貴族や武家、官僚などによって統治権は行使されている。
English: Particularly after the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, the head family of the samurai families inheritably succeeded the position of Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), and at least in basic domestic affairs and diplomatic affairs, they reigned as the highest authority.
Japanese: とりわけ鎌倉幕府成立以後は武家の棟梁の一族が代々世襲で征夷大将軍に就任し、少なくとも基本的に内政や外交では日本の最高権力者として君臨してきた。
English: However, the position of the Emperor was never abolished by those authorities, and at least formally, the authorities at those times respected the authority of the Emperor, and most of the time, they held their position with that background.
Japanese: しかし、天皇の地位がそれらの権力者によって廃されたことはなく、時の権力者も形式上はその権威を尊重し、それを背景に地位についていたことが多い。
English: For example, the assumption of Seii Taishogun, who was the sovereign of samurai government which had supremacy throughout the country, was claimed to be granted by the Emperor in a form of Imperial proclamation, and most of the time, the man at power used the Emperor's authority to make a political opponent as choteki (enemy of the Emperor) to justify his right to rule.
Japanese: 例えば全国に支配権を敷いていた武家政権の君主である征夷大将軍への就任も形式上は天皇の宣下によって行われることになっており、その権力者は天皇の権威を利用し、その政敵を朝敵（天皇の敵）などに指定させ、その統治権を正当化することが多かった。
English: However, whether the samurai governments like the bakufu recognized their right to be used fully in domestic affairs and in diplomatic affairs must be considered, because those men in power consulted the Imperial Court in diplomatic emergencies (the Mongolian Invasions, the Western ship coming to Japan at the end of the Edo period, etc).
Japanese: ただし、外交において有事が発生した際、その権力者たちも朝廷に相談を持ちかけているため、幕府などの武家政権が内外とも全面的に統治権を行使する認識があったかどうかは考慮が必要である（元寇や黒船来航等）。
English: It is said that sometimes, especially big authority planned to abolish or usurp the position of the Emperor, but it is said that no one has succeeded.
Japanese: 時にとりわけ大きな力をもった権力者が天皇という地位を廃止、あるいは簒奪を画策したことがあるとされているが、現在までに成功した例はないとされている。
English: The genealogy of the Emperor's family is made based on history books including the 'Kojiki' (A Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Ninhonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and the origin is regarded as Emperor Jinmu, who was enthroned in 660 B.C., and furthermore gods such as Kuninotokotachi who are the progenitor of the Emperors.
Japanese: 天皇家の系図は、『古事記』・『日本書紀』を初めとする史書に基づいて作られ、その起源は紀元前660年に即位した神武天皇、さらにはその始祖であるクニノトコタチなどの神々に始まるとされている。
English: However, the Nihonshoki was compiled by the Imperial command of Emperor Tenmu, and includes many myths and legends that are hard to prove historically.
Japanese: しかし、日本書紀は天武天皇の勅命により編纂されたものであり、歴史学的に証明の難しい神話・伝説などを多く含んでいる。
English: Because of that, the actual existence of folklores and achievements relating to the ancestors of the Imperial Family and the existence of the Emperors in the early days are usually seen with doubt.
Japanese: そのため、天皇家の祖先にまつわる伝承や事績、および初期の天皇の実在については、歴史学的にはその実在性を疑問視されることが多い。
English: Especially with the Emperors of Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), a negative theory stating that the history of the Imperial Family was padded out following the revolutionary idea (Shinisetsu, or theory of predicting future with magic) in Ancient China is the main stream in learned society after the war (there are also theories that support the existence).
Japanese: 特に欠史八代の天皇については、古代中国の革命思想（讖緯説）に則って天皇家の歴史を水増したのではないかと指摘する否定説が戦後学会では主流である（実在説もある）。
English: The origin of the Imperial Family that can be proved historically is back around Kofun (tumulus) period when Yamato Daio (Daio) ruled in the Yamato sovereignty.
Japanese: 歴史学的に証明できる天皇家の起源は、大和王権の支配者・ヤマト大王（大王）が統治していた古墳時代あたりまでである。
English: Many theories, such as a theory stating that the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds seen in and after middle 3rd century suggests the establishment of unified government in the Japanese Islands, and the dynasty established at that time were the ancestors of the Imperial Family, a theory regarding the lineage of Himiko of the Yamatai Kingdom, if it existed in the Kinki region of the Yayoi period, as the ancestors of the Imperial Family, and a theory stating that the dynasty of the ancestors of the Imperial Family was established in 4th century, has been presented, and has not been settled.
Japanese: 3世紀中葉以降に見られる前方後円墳の登場は日本列島における統一的な政権の成立を示唆しており、このときに成立した王朝が天皇家の祖先だとする説や、弥生時代の近畿地方にあった場合の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を天皇家の祖先とする説、天皇家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
English: The oldest description in history books in China is about the kings of 'Wa' who tribute to Sung Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) in the period of North and South Dynasties (China).
Japanese: 中国の史書における倭王の最古の記述は、南北朝時代(中国)の宋(南朝)王朝に朝貢した「倭」の王たちである。
English: There is description about the five kings of Wa (San, Chin, Sai, Ko, and Bu) remaining in the Chinese history book in the 5th century, "Sosho (Sung Shu)" Ibanden, Wakokujo (Wakokuden, or description about Wakoku).
Japanese: 中国の史書『宋書』夷蛮伝・倭国条（倭国伝）には、5世紀に冊封された倭の五王（讃・珍・済・興・武）についての記述が残っている。
English: These five kings are judged as the Emperors from Emperor Nintoku and Emperor Richu through Emperor Yuryaku (there are several theories about the judgment), and the theory which regards these five kings to be the ancestor of the Imperial Family is influential.
Japanese: これら五王は、仁徳天皇・履中天皇から雄略天皇までの天皇に比定されており（比定には諸説ある）、天皇家の祖先をこれら五王に求める説が有力である。
English: These five kings, in return of the tribute, were taken into Sakuho system as 'Wakoku-o' by Chinese Dynasty, and it is estimated that this title was used diplomatically.
Japanese: これら五王は、朝貢の見返りに、中国王朝から「倭国王」に封じられており、対外的にはこの称号を名乗っていたと推定される。
English: As for the title of the king inside the country, there are inscriptions '治天下獲加多支鹵大王' and '獲加多支鹵大王' carved in iron swords excavated from tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture and Saitama Prefecture (common opinion regards 獲加多支鹵大王 as Wakatakeru, which is the Japanese style posthumous name for Emperor Yuryaku), and it can be seen that the title '治天下大王' or 'Yamato Daio' was used.
Japanese: 国内向けの王号としては、熊本県と埼玉県の古墳から出土した鉄剣・鉄刀銘文に「治天下獲加多支鹵大王」「獲加多支鹵大王」とあり（通説では獲加多支鹵大王はワカタケルで雄略天皇の和風諡号とする）、「治天下大王」または「ヤマト大王」が用いられていたことが判る。
English: Our country, which was taken into Sakuho by the Emperor, is far away from China, and has become a hanpei (protector of the Emperor) as indirect subject.
Japanese: 「皇帝の冊封をうけたわが国は、中国からは遠く偏って、外臣としてその藩屏となっている国であります。
English: Our ancestors, from the past, wore armor, roamed through mountains and rivers, and without a days rest, conquered fifty-five regions of the Emishi (one of natives in Japan) in the East, conquered sixty-six regions of Shui (one of natives in Japan) in the West, went overseas and conquered ninety-five regions in the North crossing the sea, and established a powerful country.
Japanese: 昔からわが祖先は、みずから甲冑をつらぬき、山川を跋渉し、安んじる日もなく、東は毛人を征すること五十五国、西は衆夷を服すること六十六国、北のかた海を渡って、平らげること九十五国に及び、強大な一国家を作りあげました。
English: The rule of right is spread without interference, the territories are spread wide, and the dignity of China has spread to far distances.
Japanese: 王道はのびのびとゆきわたり、領土は広くひろがり、中国の威ははるか遠くにも及ぶようになりました。
English: Our country has served China for generations, and has never mistaken the year of tribute.
Japanese: わが国は代々中国に使えて、朝貢の歳をあやまることがなかったのであります。
English: I am an incompetent man, but graciously succeeding the will of the last king, lead the commanded people of the country, and prepared ships to tribute by going through Baekje to be united with China, the center of the world.
Japanese: 自分は愚かな者でありますが、かたじけなくも先代の志をつぎ、統率する国民を駈りひきい、天下の中心である中国に帰一し、道を百済にとって朝貢すべく船をととのえました。
English: However, Goguryeo unreasonably tried to conquer Baekje, snatches the bordering regions, and didn't stop the slaughter.
Japanese: ところが、高句麗は無道にも百済の征服をはかり、辺境をかすめおかし、殺戮をやめません。
English: Because of that, the tribute stopped because the ships can't advance smoothly, and even though the envoy is on the way, he has not necessarily completed his objective.
Japanese: そのために朝貢はとどこおって良風に船を進めることができず、使者は道を進めても、かならずしも目的を達しないのであります。
English: My deceased father Saio became furious about the obstruction of the road from Wa to China by the enemy Goguryeo, a million soldiers were moved by this justice, and were about to go overseas in a massive force.
Japanese: わが亡父の済王は、かたきの高句麗が倭の中国に通じる道を閉じふさぐのを憤り、百万の兵士はこの正義に感激して、まさに大挙して海を渡ろうとしたのであります。
English: However, just then, I lost my father and brother, and have wasted my valuable opportunity.
Japanese: しかるにちょうどその時、にわかに父兄を失い、せっかくの好機をむだにしてしまいました。
English: And because of mourning my father and brother, I can not move the military, and after all, I have rested for a while and have not unnerved Goguryeo's force.
Japanese: そして喪のために軍を動かすことができず、けっきょく、しばらくのあいだ休息して、高句麗の勢いをくじかないままであります。
English: To be a brave man with justice, I will not shrink back even if I see a naked sword swung in front of my eyes.
Japanese: 正義の勇士としていさをたてるべく、眼前に白刃をうけるとも、ひるむところではありません。
English: If we can unnerve Goguryeo's powerful force and overcome this difficulty with the Emperor's blessing, you will not change the reward for the meritorious deeds of my ancestors.
Japanese: もし皇帝のめぐみをもって、この強敵高句麗の勢いをくじき、よく困難をのりきることができましたならば、父祖の功労への報いをお替えになることはないでしょう。
English: I will keep my allegiance and appoint myself as Kaifu Yitong Sansi (Supreme Minister) and grant titles to each of my own commanders.
Japanese: みずから開府儀同三司の官をなのり、わが諸将にもそれぞれ称号をたまわって、忠誠をはげみたいと思います。」
English: As for the origin and lineage of Emperors around this period, there is also a theory stating that it was not 'bansei ikkei' (an unbroken line) like described in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), but had complex movement of powers in behind and between the powerful local ruling families in various places inside Wakoku.
Japanese: この頃までの代々の天皇の出自や系統については、記紀の記述通りの「万世一系」ではなく、倭国内各地の有力豪族の間での、複雑な権力移動が裏にあったのではないかという説もある。
English: For example, when Emperor Seinei, son of Emperor Yuryaku, didn't have a successor, it is assumed that Emperor Ninken and Emperor Kenzo, grandsons of Emperor Richu, succeeded the Imperial throne, but there is also a theory stating that in fact, it was an usurpation of the Imperial throne.
Japanese: 例えば、雄略天皇の子の清寧天皇には後嗣がなく、履中天皇の孫である仁賢天皇・顕宗天皇が王位を継いだとされているが、実際は王位簒奪ではなかったかとの説もある。
English: Also, Emperor Buretsu, son of Emperor Ninken, did not have a heir, and Emperor Ketai, who is said to be a descendant of five generations counting from Emperor Ojin, succeeded the throne, but since the blood line from Emperor Nintoku had been broken off by this, there is also a theory that a change of Dynasty took place.
Japanese: また、仁賢の子の武烈天皇も跡継ぎがなく、応神天皇5世の孫とされる継体天皇が王位に就いているが、これにより仁徳以降の血統が途絶えていることから、王朝交代があったとする説もある。