nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The combination of these two big projects in Todai-ji Temple was not intended from the beginning.
Japanese: このふたつの大事業が東大寺で組合わさったのは、最初から意図されたことではない。
English: The Great Buddha construction plan originally started in the Shigaraki no Miya Palace, but there were several possible backgrounds.
Japanese: 大仏造立計画のはじめは紫香楽宮からであるが、その背景にあったものとしては、いくつかのことが考えられる。
English: First, in 737, a smallpox pandemic broke out, and many people suffered terribly regardless of age, sex, and rank.
Japanese: まず、天平9年（737年）に天然痘が大発生、流行し、老若男女貴賤を問わず、多くの者が倒れたことがある。
English: The victims included the four Fujiwara brothers; FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, FUJIWARA no Umakai, and FUJIWARA no Maro, who took control of the government while backing up Empress Komyo.
Japanese: その被害者の中には、光明皇后の後ろ盾にもなり、政権を担っていた藤原四兄弟の、藤原武智麻呂、藤原房前、藤原宇合、藤原麻呂も含まれていた。
English: In addition, it is said that Emperor Shomu was greatly influenced by the large statue of Buddha when he visited Chishiki-ji Temple in Oogata County, Kawachi Province in 740.
Japanese: また、聖武天皇が、当時盧舎那大仏のあった河内国大県郡智識寺を天平12年に訪ね、影響を大いに受けたという。
English: As its name represents, this Chishiki-ji Temple was built with money raised by the Chishiki group (a group of people who had the same faith), who solicited contributions, and this system was reflected in the process to found Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: この智識寺は、名が表すとおり智識（同信集団）の勧進銭によってできた寺で、それは東大寺成立の過程にも反映された。
English: The decree to make a wish for the construction of the Great Buddha was issued from the Shigaraki no Miya Palace on November 9, 743, two and a half years after that.
Japanese: 大仏造立発願の詔は、紫香楽宮から、この2年半後の天平15年（743年）10月15日に発せられた。
English: In the initial plan, the Great Buddha would be placed in Koga-ji Temple, which temporarily became the provincial temple of Omi, located near the Shigaraki no Miya Palace used as an imperial villa.
Japanese: 当初の計画では、離宮であった紫香楽宮近くの、一時期近江国国分寺にもされた甲賀寺に、大仏が置かれることになっていた。
English: For the Great Buddha construction plan, Gyoki, whose overwhelming popularity among the people sometimes annoyed the government, was appointed to a responsible person in order to acquire centripetal force.
Japanese: この計画には、民衆の人気がありすぎて、一時期政権の悩みの種でもあった行基を起用、重用し、大仏造立計画は求心力をもった。
English: Now, the remains of Shigaraki no Miya Palace has been excavated, and as a result, it was considered that the Palace was located in a place today known as the Miyamachi site in Oaza-Kinose, Shigaraki-cho, and the ruins of the Shigaraki no Miya Palace designated as a historical spot was determinately the site of Koga-ji Temple.
Japanese: 現在、紫香楽宮の遺跡は発掘をうけており、その結果、現在の信楽町大字黄瀬の宮町遺跡として知られるところに宮があって、史跡にも指定されている紫香楽宮址こそが、甲賀寺の跡であろう、と確定的に見られている。
English: However, for some reason, the construction plan was cancelled, and in 745 Emperor Shomu announced the transfer of the capital from Kuni-kyo back to Heijo-kyo (although at that time most of the administrative affairs were conducted at the Shigaraki no Miya Palace).
Japanese: それが、どういったわけか造立計画はとりやめとなり、天平17年（745年）、聖武天皇は恭仁京からの遷都を発表（とはいえ、この当時は、ほとんど紫香楽宮で行政が行われていたのであるが）、都を平城京へ復することとなった。
English: As its possible causes, earthquakes occurring frequently and resistance from the opposition power are pointed out, but the main cause that forced them to abandon even the Great Buddha under construction is not well known.
Japanese: これには、頻発した地震や反対勢力の抵抗などの原因が指摘されているが、わざわざ建設半ばの大仏までも捨ててしまうほどの、肝腎の主因はよく分かっていない。
English: The above is a summary of how two different projects of constructing the Great Buddha and building Kinkonmyo-ji Temple in Yamato Province were integrated into one big project.
Japanese: 以上が、全くバラバラのものであった、大仏造立と大養徳国金光明寺建立という二つの計画が一つになったあらましである。
English: The Office of Kinkonmyo-ji Temple Construction cast the Great Buddha by using copper produced from Naganobori, Suo Province and gold presented for plating by Kyofuku KUDARANOKONIKISHI, Governor of Mutsu Province.
Japanese: 周防国長登の銅、陸奥国を国司として治めていた百済王敬福から贈られた鍍金用の金を材料にして、金光明寺造物所は大仏を鋳造をした。
English: The ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha by inserting the pupils was held on May 30, 752.
Japanese: 大仏の開眼供養会は、天平勝宝4年（752年）4月9日(旧暦)に催された。
English: It was Bodai Senna, the ceremony leader, who painted the pupils in with an ink brush, that was stored in the Shoso-in Treasure Repository until the next ceremony to consecrate the revived Great Buddha.
Japanese: このとき開眼の筆をとって導師をつとめたのが菩提僊那であり、この筆は正倉院に残っていて、後の、大仏の復興の際の開眼供養のときにも使用されることになる。
English: Five-colored strings were tied to this brush, and people rushed to the long strings running out of the Great Buddha Hall in order to have a relationship with the Great Buddha.
Japanese: この筆には、五色の縷がつけられ、その大仏殿の外までにもひかれた長い糸に、我先に大仏に結縁しようと民衆は群がった。
English: This episode clearly shows the power of Todai-ji Temple, in which many people had faith regardless of rank, age, and sex.
Japanese: 貴賤老若男女問わず信仰をあつめた東大寺の力がよく伝わるエピソードである。
English: According to "Todai-ji yoroku," the Kon-do Hall (the Great Buddha Hall) was completed one year before, but it is doubtful whether the Great Buddha Hall could be completed in such a short period with an ongoing project to improve other temple buildings since we can suppose the construction work itself was an enormous project.
Japanese: その一年前に、金堂（大仏殿）が落慶したことを『東大寺要録』は伝えるが、他の堂宇の整備計画が進む中で、その様な短期間に大仏殿が完成できるか、その工事が大規模なものであったことが予想できるだけに、疑問の残るところである。
English: There are various conjectures about to what extent the construction project really progressed after the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha was conducted seven years after the planning.
Japanese: 果たして、計画からわずか七年での大仏開眼供養会の際、いかほどに造営計画はすすんでいたのか、その進捗の経過には、様々に推測がなされている。
English: We can imagine the actual appearance of the Great Buddha before its loss at the end of the Heian period only through a picture in "Shigisan engi" (The Legends of Mt. Shigi) (a picture scroll possessed by Chogosonshi-ji Temple) although it was painted later during the Heian period.
Japanese: 当時の、平安時代末期に消失する前の大仏の様子は、後代、平安時代の作ではあるけれども、唯一『信貴山縁起』（絵巻、朝護孫子寺蔵）の絵からうかがい知ることができる。
English: This picture shows the solemnity of the Great Buddha Hall, of which even rafter and square timber butt ends were gilded.
Japanese: この絵から、垂木や角木の木口にも金箔で荘厳された大仏殿の様子を見ることができる。
English: A monk named Meiren living on Mt. Shingi had a sister, who was a nun, and she came to Yamato to meet her brother from Shinano.
Japanese: 信貴山に住んでいた僧命連には尼僧の姉があって、これが信濃から弟に会うために大和へやって来た。
English: Then, the Great Buddha gave her an oracle that his brother Meiren was on a mountain located southwest, of which the top is covered with flowing purple clouds.
Japanese: すると、大仏からお告げがあり、西南の紫雲たなびく山に命蓮がいる、と伝えた。
English: In the end, she met her brother safely, and they lived happily together, this is the story illustrated on this picture scroll.
Japanese: 果たして姉は、弟に無事会うことができ、以降ふたりはともに暮らしたのだった、という物語である。
English: In the scene where this nun shut herself up in the Great Buddha Hall for praying, the original hall is painted.
Japanese: この尼僧の大仏殿に参籠する場面に、初代の大仏殿が描かれているのである。
English: It was in 753, one year after the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha, that Jianzhen (Ganjin) arrived at Naniwa from Tang, suffering so many hardships and trouble that it caused him to become blind.
Japanese: 失明するほどの艱難辛苦の末にやっと、鑑真が唐から難波にたどり着いたのは、大仏開眼の一年後の、天平勝宝5年（753年）のことである。
English: At the request of Japan, where there had been no formal systems for vowing to observe the Buddhist commandments, Jianzhen came to Japan and established Kaidan-in on the west of the Great Buddha Hall, to perform pledging rites for Emperor Shomu and many monks.
Japanese: それまで正式の戒壇のなかった日本からの要請にこたえ来日したもので、鑑真は大仏殿西に戒壇院を設立し、聖武天皇や多くの僧に戒を授けた。
English: Although the monks of Todai-ji Temple had been working at Kensaku-do, those who learned the Buddhist laws directly from Jianzhen started their activities also at this Kaidan-in, at the end of the Nara period, when the necessary facilities were completed in the precincts.
Japanese: これまで、東大寺の僧といえば羂索堂衆だったところに、寺内の整備が完了する奈良時代の終りのころから、この戒壇院でも、鑑真の法脈を伝える僧が活動をはじめることとなった。
English: As one of the three major pledging sites in Japan including Yakushi-ji Temple in Shimotsuke Province and Kanzeon-ji Temple in Dazaifu, Kaidan-in of Todai-ji Temple produced so many official monks together with Kaidan-in of Enryaku-ji Temple, which developed in place of Shimotsuke Yakushi-ji Temple since its foundation in the Heian period.
Japanese: 東大寺戒壇は、下野国の薬師寺や大宰府の観世音寺と三戒壇に数えられ、平安時代に作られ下野薬師寺の代りに発展していった延暦寺戒壇とともに多くの官僧を生み出していった。
English: This formal pledging system greatly influenced Japanese Buddhism, and the monks who went to China were treated also as formal Buddhist priests there.
Japanese: このことは日本仏教に大きな影響を及ぼし、日本から大陸に渡った僧も一人前の比丘として扱われるようになった。
English: In addition, the number of years after pledging oneself to observe the Buddhist commandments, which was called horo or kairo, resulted in producing the seniority system, and this was regarded as a powerful 'weapon' to move up the ladder, pursuing a career in the temple.
Japanese: また、受戒してからの年数――つまり法臘（戒臘とも）は年功序列制の素となり、寺院内で身を立て、出世していくための「武器」として重視されるようになる。
English: The Hosso sect (Hossho sect), Sanron sect, Kusha sect (Sabbata sect), Jojitsu sect, Kegon sect (Kagon sect) and Ritsu sect, called as the six sects, were introduced to Japan from China, where they originated.
Japanese: 六宗とはすなわち、法相宗（法性宗）、三論宗、倶舎宗（薩婆多宗）、成実宗、華厳宗（花厳宗）、律宗のことであり、すべて中国から起こり、伝来したものであった。
English: At that time, the sect was a school of Buddhist principles rather than a religious community.
Japanese: 当時の宗というのは、教団というよりは、仏教教理の学派という方が近い。
English: The features of this interdisciplinary learning place for the six sects (later turned into the eight sects, including the Shingon sect and the Tendai sect) still remain in Todai-ji Temple even today.
Japanese: この六宗兼学の場（後、真言宗、天台宗加わって八宗兼学の場）の性格は、現在の東大寺でも見られるところである。
English: Among these sects, the Kegon sect was emphasized so that the Great Buddha, the principal image of the Temple, represented the teachings of the Kegon-kyo Sutra,
Japanese: この中でも重んじられたのが、本尊の大仏の性格が華厳経の教えに則ったものであることからも分かるように、華厳宗である。
English: During the Heian period, the structures built in the precincts of Todai-ji Temple began to deteriorate, and damaged temple buildings were becoming a serious problem.
Japanese: 平安時代になると、東大寺の建物は痛出し、伽藍の荒廃に困るようになってきた。
English: This is not only because these were huge wooden buildings, but also the internal self-governing system of Todai-ji Temple began to function poorly.
Japanese: 伽藍が巨大で木造建築ゆえ、というのもそうだが、合せて、東大寺の寺内の自治力が下がってきたこともあった。
English: In other words, the monks individually performed incantations and offered fervent prayers under close relationships with nobles and other persons in authority, which resulted in focusing on private lives in the residential facilities, to which they belonged.
Japanese: つまり、僧ひとりひとりが貴族など権力者と結びついて加持祈祷、呪詛を行い、各人が所属する僧坊での私生活に重きが置かれるようになったのだ。
English: In addition, the monks and their lodging facilities were individualized, decentralized and secularized further with development of private residential spaces for each monk.
Japanese: また、さらに僧侶、僧坊の個別化、分散化、世俗化がすすみ、一人ひとりが住居する私僧坊が発展する。
English: Furthermore, at the end of the tenth century, the governor monk of the Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction (successor to the Agency of Todai-ji Temple Construction) began to neglect his work, which resulted in collapse or almost collapse of terribly deteriorated structures, including the Nandai-mon gate, the twin treasure houses of Kensaku-in, and the back door of the Great Buddha Hall.
Japanese: 合せて、10世紀末頃には、造東大寺所（前造東大寺司）の知事僧も勤務を怠けるようになってきたため、東大寺は、南大門や羂索院双倉、大仏殿後戸などは、傷みに傷んで、倒壊寸前か、してしまった。
English: Therefore, the financial sources of the Temple were unified while the Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction put under complete control was reorganized as the Office for Todai-ji Temple Repair.
Japanese: そのために、寺の財政を一本化し、また、造東大寺所を完全に傘下におき、組織を東大寺修理所に改めた。
English: Although this reorganization required downsizing, the new organization functioned better due to complete transfer from the government to the administrative board.
Japanese: この改組は、組織の規模を大きく小さくしたけれども、官の手を離れ、政所の傘下におさめたことで、逆に働きが良くなった。
English: This renovation started in the middle of the eleventh century and ended with reconstruction of the Nandai-mon Gate in the 1160's with many temple buildings in the precincts repaired or renovated.
Japanese: この修造は、11世紀中頃から1160年代の南大門再建まで続き、境内の堂宇の多くが修理修造された。
English: Repair and mending proceeded further under orders from the Imperial Court in 1096.
Japanese: 永長元年（1096年）には朝廷からの命令もあり、さらに修繕が進んだ。
English: Sponsored by the national government, a major refurbishment of the Great Buddha Hall started in 1110 after reorganizing the Agency of Todai-ji Temple Construction in the previous year (although the focus of the project shifted again to renovating the temple buildings after this major refurbishment).
Japanese: 天永元年（1110年）からは、国の主催の下に、大仏殿の大改修も行い、前年には造東大寺司も復している（が、この大改修の後は、また寺主体の修造に戻った）。
English: During this project, the world called Todai-ji Temple 'the place where the sound of chopping wood was produced all the time' ("Okagami" [The Great Mirror]), and the temple also expressed itself by saying that 'the world considers the sound of chopping wood will never stop at Todai-ji Temple' in response to this.
Japanese: この時代、世間からは、「ておのゝおとする所」（『大鏡』）と呼ばれたり、寺側もこれを受けて「東大寺の斧音絶えざる由、世を以つて伝へ申すところなり」と自らを表現している。
English: Takashige ARAI explains that this major renovation period enabled Todai-ji Temple to develop into a medieval temple in Japan with transition to a manorial economy.
Japanese: そしてこの大修造時代が、東大寺を日本の中世寺院へと脱皮させ、荘園経済に移行させたのだ、と新井孝重は説いている。
English: Dissatisfied with the accession to the imperial throne by Emperor Antoku led by the Taira clan, Prince Mochihito, the son of Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, was developing a plan of rebellion jointly with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, a patriarch of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 後白河天皇院の子、以仁王は、平氏主導ですすめられた安徳天皇の即位に不満を持って、清和源氏の長老であった源頼政とともに謀反の計画をすすめていた。
English: However, the conspiracy was discovered in the preparation process, and the prince escaped to Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple) in Omi Province.
Japanese: しかし、準備の段階で謀略は発覚し、王は近江園城寺（三井寺）まで逃がれた。
English: On his way to Kofuku-ji Temple, which responded to his request for cooperation, the prince fought against the Taira clan blocking the path, and died in battle in the end.
Japanese: 王は、協力の呼びかけにこたえてくれた南都興福寺に下らんとしたが、その行く手を阻む平氏と戦い、終に討ち死にした。
English: In those days, monks residing in the zendo and warrior monks, who often went to the capital Kyoto for strongly making pleas, had such great strength that the Taira clan tolerated the power of influence of the temples in Nanto and Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: この当時、たびたび上洛、強訴しようとする南都の大衆、僧兵の力は強く、平氏も南都北嶺の影響力に頭を悩ませていた。
English: In that year, the Taira clan was being driven into a corner due to devastating defeat in the Battle of Fujigawa against the Minamoto clan, in addition to turbulence in the Kinai region.
Japanese: この年には源氏との富士川の戦いでの大惨敗もあり、また畿内も騒がしいし、平氏は窮地へ追い詰められつつあった。
English: Therefore, the Taira clan decided to strengthen the foundation in the Kinai region by beating the temple in Nanto (Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara).
Japanese: そこで、なにかとうるさい南都を討つことによって畿内の基盤を固めよう、ということになった。
English: Unlike the temple in Mt. Hiei (Enryaku-ji Temple), the temple in Nanto had never been directly attacked with weapons due to the careful protection directly from the Imperial Court.
Japanese: それまで、北嶺と違い、朝廷からの直接の厚い保護もあって南都は一度も直接武力攻撃を受けることはなかった。
English: After gaining control of Omi, Iga, and Ise by January 9, 1181, operations to mop up Nanto were started.
Japanese: 12月15日までに近江、伊賀、伊勢を平定した後、南都掃討の作戦は、実行されたのだった。
English: On January 19, 1181, TAIRA no Shigehira, who was the first son of TAIRA no Kiyomori, head of the Taira clan, headed for Nanto leading his solders.
Japanese: 治承4年12月25日、平氏の長平清盛の長男である平重衡は南都へ向け兵を率いて出発した。
English: After defeating the defending warrior monks, the core force of Shigehira's troops invaded Nanto finally on January 22, 1181.
Japanese: 迎える僧兵を蹴散らした重衡の軍勢の主力は28日、ついに南都へ攻め入った。
English: Using Shigeyoshi TAGUCHI as an advance guard, Shigehira broke through the defenses built up on the Hannya Slope by the monks residing in the zendo to protect Hannya-ji Temple, and won a crushing victory by setting fire to Nanto.
Japanese: 重衡は田口成良を先兵とし、般若寺のある般若坂の守りを固める大衆の守りを突破、南都を焼討ちにし大勝した。
English: On January 22, 1181, during the battle between Kofuku-ji Temple and the government solders, the fires set here and there by the solders gradually grew fierce and spread to Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples, where everything was destroyed by fire, as well as the outside of the temples.'
Japanese: 「治承四年十二月廿八日、興福寺と官兵との合戦の間、官兵処々に放火、猛火次第に東大興福両寺に飛び移り、寺中寺外ことごとく消失す」と。
English: "Heike monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike) also depicts how temple buildings and their Buddha statues collapsed by merciless fire spreading widely due to a strong wind, and how people died screaming and crying in flames.
Japanese: また、『平家物語』にも、長々と無残にも風にのった炎に崩れ行く堂舎仏像と炎にまかれて死ぬ人々の阿鼻叫喚の有様が描写されている。
English: Kanezane KUJO, minister of right, who gave much assistance to restoration of Nanto later, lost words when he heard of this devastation ("Gyokuyo" [Diary of Kanezane KUJO]).
Japanese: のちに、南都の復興に大いに力を貸すことになる右大臣九条兼実は、この南都の被害を聞いて、絶句するほどであった（『玉葉』）。
English: It was Chogen that worked hard for reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple, that was terribly devastated and hanging almost by a thread, by soliciting for contributions.
Japanese: この衰微し、まさしく風前の灯だった東大寺の復興にあたったのが、勧進の僧であった重源である。
English: The process to reconstruct Todai-ji Temple by its great fund raisers is described here in the following three periods.
Japanese: その東大寺大勧進職による東大寺再建の過程は、三期に分けて解説される。
English: They are; construction of the Great Buddha (the first period), rebuilding of the Great Buddha Hall (the second period), and carpentering for other temple buildings and producing Buddhist statues (the third period).
Japanese: 大仏の再造（第一期）、大仏殿の再建（第二期）、その他堂宇、仏像の工作（第三期）である。
English: Fully utilizing his practical capabilities, Chogen, who was regarded as 'giving top priority to preparations' ("Honen shonin gyojo eden" [Illustrated Records of the Activities by Honen Shonin]), successfully reconstructed Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 重源は「支度第一」（『法然上人行状絵伝』）と呼ばれたその実務能力を発揮して、見事に東大寺再興をしたのだった。
English: The surrounding conditions of those times were confrontation among the Imperial Court, the Kamakura regime and the Oshu regime, and following warfare, as well as famines and earthquakes, and competition with other temples in renovation.
Japanese: 当時の時代背景として、朝廷や鎌倉政権、奥州政権の相克、それに伴う戦乱、飢饉や地震、他の寺院の復興との競合があった。
English: Under such difficult circumstances, this solicitation for contribution was favorably accepted by the people as salvation of the times.
Japanese: その困難な中で、この勧進は、時代の救世となるものとして、民衆から大きく支持された。
English: The Kabuki play "Kanjincho"set in this period was created with the people's devotion to the Great Buddha in the background.
Japanese: 同時代を舞台にした歌舞伎の演目、『勧進帳』も、この民衆の大仏への帰依を背景につくられている。
English: Known as the founder of the new branch temple in Koya (Senshu Ojo-in Temple), Chogen was an experienced priest walking around the provinces, who entered the priesthood in his early teens and was proud of three visits to the Southern Sung Dynasty with support from FUJIWARA no Moroyuki.
Japanese: 重源は、十代前半に醍醐寺で出家し、藤原師行の後援のもと、入南宋三度を自ら誇った経験豊かな漂白の聖であり、それまでも、高野新別所（専修往生院）を結んだことでも知られる。
English: The Agency of Great Buddha Repair was established in order to intensively repair the damaged Great Buddha, of which the head was in particularly terrible shape.
Japanese: 修理大仏司が新設されたのは、大仏の痛み具合、なかでも頭部の具合がひどく、特にあたらないといけなかったからである。
English: The post of director for construction of Todai-ji Temple was assumed by FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu (later, director for construction of Kofuku-ji Temple), then FUJIWARA no Yukitaka, and then FUJIWARA no Sadanaga while Tamenobu MIYOSHI took the post of deputy director, Motoyasu NAKAHARA the third-highest ranking post, and Yukimasa MIYOSHI the forth-highest ranking post.
Japanese: 造東大寺司の長官は、藤原兼光（その後造興福寺長官に）、後に藤原行隆、続いて藤原定長、次官三善為信、判官中原基康、主典三善行政がついた。
English: The posts of director for repair of the Great Buddha were assumed concurrently by Yukitaka and extraordinarily by OTSUKI no Takamoto, who was in the lower official position while OTSUKI no Ariyori took the post of deputy director, Kunimichi OE the third-highest ranking post, and Sukehiro NAKAHARA the forth-highest ranking post.
Japanese: 修理大仏司の長官は兼任として行隆ともう一人、異例ながら身分の低い官務家の小槻隆職が長官として任ぜられ、また後に、次官小槻有頼、判官大江国通、主典仲原資広がついた。
English: The first period starts in 1181 and ends in 1185.
Japanese: 第一期は、養和元年（1181年）から文治元年（1185年）までである。
English: According to "Todai-ji zoryu kuyoki" (Records of the Service to Celebrate the Construction of Todai-ji Temple), this building was originally a donation from Shigeyoshi TAGUCHI mentioned before, and then used as a branch temple of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 『東大寺造立供養記』によれば、これは元々、前述の田口成良の寄進物で、それを東大寺別所と改められたものだという。
English: On November 10, 1182, casting was started from the Great Buddha's tightly-curled hair knots, and on February 4, 1183, people worked harder to fire the furnaces on June 17, 1183.
Japanese: 10月6日、まず、大仏の鋳造は、その螺髪から行われ、翌寿永2年の正月三日から活動が盛んになり、5月19日には、炉に火がくべられた。
English: Chogen collected metal and charcoal from Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and FUJIWARA no Seishi and from the general public.
Japanese: 重源は、後白河法皇や藤原聖子から一般大衆まで、金属類や炭を集めて回った。
English: A merchant from Sung, CHIN Nakei, who stayed in Hakata due to wreck of his ship, was hired by Chogen as a leader.
Japanese: 宋の商人陳和卿は、船の難破により博多にとどまっていたところを重源に雇われ、指導することとなった。
English: In addition to CHIN, casters with the family name of Kusabe including Koresuke (是助) KUSABE, who did not belong to the organization under the Office of Imperial Household Logistics, were also appointed.
Japanese: 陳以外にも、日本からは草部是助など草部姓の、蔵人所の組織下になかった鋳造師も起用された。
English: According to "Azuma kagami" (The Mirror of the East), on June 23, casting was completed, and polishing was finished on June 23 according to "Todai-ji zokuyou roku" (A Sequel to the Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple).
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』によれば、5月25日に鋳造は完了し、『東大寺続要録』によれば、6月1日に磨き終ったとする。
English: Under the circumstances, finally on July 28, the Taira clan was defeated by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and exiled from the capital.
Japanese: そうしたなか7月1日、ついに平氏は源義仲の勢いに負け、都落ちとなった。
English: Under the reign of Yoshinaka over the capital, the Agency of the Great Buddha Construction was reinforced with additional personnel (Ariyori OZUKI [小槻有頼] in the second-highest ranking post, Kunimichi OE in the third-highest ranking post, and Sukehiro NAKAHARA in the forth-highest ranking post as mentioned before) on February 22, 1184, and subsequently, they have to request cooperation from the eastern provinces and Oshu for gold plating.
Japanese: 義仲が都に君臨するなか、12月22日には造大仏司は人員を増強され（前述の次官小槻有頼、判官大江国通、主典仲原資広）、つぎに鍍金のために東国や奥州の協力を仰ぐこととなった。
English: It was TAIRA no Yorimori and Imperial Princess Akiko that negotiationed with the eastern provinces, and it was Saigyo that solicited Oshu for contributions in 1186 after the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha.
Japanese: 東国に渡りをつけたのは、平頼盛やあき子内親王であり、開眼供養が終ってからであるが文治2年（1186年）に奥州への勧進を引き受けたのは、西行であった。
English: On April 15, 1185, 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) of rice, 1,000 ryo of gold and 1,000 hiki (approximately 10,600m in length and 340m in width) of quality silk, including annual tribute from the confiscated territory of the Taira family, were delivered from the eastern provinces.
Japanese: 元暦2年3月7日に東国から、平家没官領からの年貢を含む米一万石、金千両、上絹千疋が届いた。
English: Owing to these offerings, the Great Buddha was plated with gold except the head, but the contribution was not delivered timely from Oshu, an another reliable source.
Japanese: これにより、首以外の鍍金は済んだものの、もう一つ頼みの奥州からはなかなか届かなかった。
English: These were offerings from Kanezane KUJO, Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and other influential figures who gave facilities for construction of the Great Buddha, which totaled to more than eighty according to "Namu Amidabutsu sazenshu," the book where Chogen's great achievements are recorded.
Japanese: これは、大仏の造立に諸々の便宜をはかってきた九条兼実や後白河法皇などの寄進物で、そうしてあつまった仏舎利の総計は、重源の功績を記した『南無阿弥陀仏作善集』によると、八十あまりにもなったという。
English: The main guests of this ceremony were Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, FUJIWARA no Tsunemune, Nakahara no Chikayoshi, FUJIWARA no Yoshimori, TAIRA no Naritada and MINAMOTO no Masachika while FUJIWARA no Muneie, Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu, FUJIWARA no Yukitaka, KIYOHARA no Naritada and Kunimichi OE were appointed to the magistrates.
Japanese: この日の主な出席者は、後白河法皇や藤原経宗、中原親能、藤原能盛、平業忠、源雅親などで、奉行人は、藤原宗家、吉田経房、藤原兼光、藤原行隆、清原忠業、大江国通が就任した。
English: The Cloistered Emperor painted the pupils of the Great Buddha supported by Johen, administrator of the Temple, Shinen, invocation reader, and Kakuken, ceremony leader.
Japanese: 開眼師は別当の定遍、呪願師は信円、導師は覚憲、開眼の筆は法皇自身がとった。