nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: "I have never thought that having read those Chinese classic books in my childhood was useless.
Japanese: 湯川は自伝に｢私はこのころの漢籍の素読を決してむだだったとは思わない。
English: Merely repeating what my grandfather said undoubtedly facilitated my reading ability by making me familiar with the Chinese characters unconsciously.
Japanese: ただ祖父の声につれて復唱するだけで、知らずしらず漢字に親しみその後の読書を容易にしてくれたのは事実である。
English: He attracted little attention in his junior high school days, who was called "Gonbei".
Japanese: 中学時代の湯川はあまり目立たない存在であり、あだ名は｢権兵衛｣だった。
English: There were a lot of students whose parents were scholars in the same class in Kyoto First Junior High School, therefore many students would later became scholars.
Japanese: 京都一中の同期には学者の子供が多く､後に学者になった者も多かったという。
English: Shinichiro TOMONAGA, who also won the Nobel Prize in Physics, was his senior by one year at the junior high school and a classmate in the Third High School under the old system of education (present Kyoto University, general education course) and Kyoto Imperial University.
Japanese: 同じくノーベル物理学賞を受けた朝永振一郎は一中で一年上、三高・京大では同期だった。
English: It is said that his voice was so small that students found it difficult to understand his lectures.
Japanese: 教え子の間では、声が小さく講義はかなり難解であったと伝えられている。
English: He was adopted by his wife's family Yukawa, whose family head was the director of Osaka Gastrointestinal Hospital at that time, while changing his family name from Ogawa to Yukawa.
Japanese: この頃、大阪胃腸病院の院長湯川家の婿養子となり、小川姓から湯川姓となる。
English: He put forward the meson theory in 1934 and submitted a thesis "Interaction of the elementary particle" in 1935, predicting the existence of mesons.
Japanese: 1934年、中間子理論構想を発表、1935年、「素粒子の相互作用について」を発表中間子の存在を予言する。
English: This research was appreciated, with the result that he was awarded the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho (the Imperial prize of the Imperial Academy (later Japan Academy)) in 1940 and the Order of Culture in 1943, while becoming the youngest winner of the Order of Culture.
Japanese: この研究が評価され、1940年学士院恩賜賞受賞、1943年最年少で文化勲章受章。
English: He was the first Japanese to win the Novel Prize, so his feat excited the Japanese nation which had lost its confidence through its defeat in the Second World War and subsequent occupation.
Japanese: これは日本人として初めてのノーベル賞受賞であり、このニュースは敗戦・占領下で自信を失っていた日本国民に大きな力を与えたとされ、フィーバーを巻き起こした。
English: He kept advocating innovative and ambitious theories such as the quantum theory of non-local field and the theory of elementary domain, and was active at the forefront of Physics until his last days.
Japanese: その後も非局所場理論・素領域理論といった革新的かつ野心的な理論を提唱しつづけ、最後まで第一線級の物理学者であり続けた。
English: He also actively took part in the peace movement for the abolition of nuclear weapons, being among the members including Max Born who jointly published the Russell-Einstein Manifesto.
Japanese: またその一方で、核兵器廃絶を訴える平和運動にも積極的に携わり、ラッセル＝アインシュタイン宣言にマックス・ボルンらと共に共同宣言者として名前を連ねている。
English: "Malicious god, leave and never return to our society! Our society welcomes only people praying for peace." is his tanka (thirty-one syllables' poem)-styled epitaph, which is inscribed on the pedestal of the statue of "Wakaba (young leaves)" in the Hiroshima Heiwa-koen Park.
Japanese: 広島平和公園にある若葉の像の台座に、湯川による短歌の銘文「まがつびよ　ふたたびここに　くるなかれ　平和をいのる　人のみぞここは」が刻まれている。
English: He became a guest professor of Columbia University in July, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in October.
Japanese: -同年7月コロンビア大学客員教授就任、同年10月ノーベル物理学賞受賞
English: He became a member of the committee of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) of Japan and the chairperson of the Physical Society of Japan.
Japanese: -日本国際連合教育科学文化機関国内委員会委員社団法人日本物理学会会長
English: He had two elder brothers; Yoshiki OGAWA (a metallurgist and the professor of the University of Tokyo) and Shigeki KAIZUKA (a scholar of Oriental history, the professor emeritus of Kyoto University, and a winner of the Order of Culture).
Japanese: 兄小川芳樹（冶金学者・東大教授）、貝塚茂樹（東洋史学者・京大名誉教授、文化勲章受章）
English: "Gendai no Taiwa (Dialogue Today) "(joint authors, Hiroshi SUEKAWA, Takeo KUWAHARA, Takeshi UMEHARA, Yukon-sha, 1966).
Japanese: 『現代の対話』（（末川博,桑原武夫,梅原猛共著,雄渾社,1966年）
English: "Me ni Mienai Mono (Invisible Substances)" (Kodan-sha, Gakujutsu-bunko, ISBN 4061580949)
Japanese: 『目に見えないもの』（講談社学術文庫,ISBN4061580949）
English: "Tabibito Aru Butsurigakusha no Kaiso (Recollection of a physicist, a traveler)" (Kadokawa Sofia Bunko, ISBN 4041238013)
Japanese: 『旅人ある物理学者の回想』（角川ソフィア文庫,ISBN4041238013）
English: "Butsuri no Sekai (World of Physics)" (joint authors, Eiji YAMADA, Yasuhisa KATAYAMA, Kodan-sha company, Gendaishinsho, ISBN 4061154079)
Japanese: 『物理の世界』（山田英二&片山泰久共著,講談社現代新書,ISBN4061154079）
English: "Ningen ni totte Kagaku towa Nanika (What is the science for humans?)" (Chuko Shinsho, ISBN 412100132X)
Japanese: 『人間にとって科学とはなにか』（中公新書,ISBN412100132X）
English: "Butsuri no Sekai, Suri no Sekai (World of Physics, World of Mathematical Principle of physics)" (joint authors, Toshio KITAGAWA, Chuko Shinsho, ISBN 4121002504)
Japanese: 『物理の世界数理の世界』（北川敏男共著,中公新書,ISBN4121002504）
English: The main character of 'Ganbare Goemon' series, a software for family computer from Konami Digital Entertainment Co., Ltd.
Japanese: コナミより発売されたファミコン用ソフト「がんばれゴエモン」シリーズの主人公。
English: Goemon ISHIKAWA (date of birth unknown - October 8, 1594) was a bandit who lived during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 石川五右衛門（いしかわごえもん：生年不詳-文禄3年8月24日(旧暦)（1594年10月8日））は、安土桃山時代に出没した盗賊である。
English: There are various opinions regarding his place of birth, including Iga province, Kawachi province, Tango province and Totomi province (present day Hamamatsu City).
Japanese: 出生地は伊賀国・河内国・丹後国・遠江国（現・浜松市）などの諸説がある。
English: According to one theory he was a son of Meiseki ISHIKAWA, who was a vassal in Miyoshi clan, he was a large man with strength of 30 men, broke into the treasure house of his master at the age of 16, killing 3 guards along the way, stole a gold-mounted sword, fled and wandered in various provinces and stole, but he was caught in 1594, and he was roasted to death in a cauldron along with his child at Sanjo-gawara in Kyoto.
Japanese: 一説に三好氏の臣石川明石の子で、体幹長大、三十人力を有し16歳で主家の宝蔵を破り、番人3人を斬り黄金造りの太刀を奪い、逃れて諸国を放浪し盗みをはたらいたが、文禄3年追捕せられ、京都三条河原で一子とともに釜で煎殺されたという。
English: An alternate story says that he was born in Enshu Hamamatsu and was named Hachiro SANADA, but he was renamed Goemon ISHIKAWA by a doctor family named Kotei YAMAUCHI in Ishikawa county, Kawachi province.
Japanese: また遠州浜松生まれで、真田八郎と称したが、河内国石川郡山内古底という医家により石川五右衛門と改めたという説もある。
English: Records of Goemon ISHIKAWA in historical resources all pertain to his execution.
Japanese: 史料に残された石川五右衛門の記録は、いずれも彼の処刑に関わるものである。
English: First of all, according to "Relation of Japan (Relacion del Reino de Nippon a que llaman Corruptante Japon)" written by Avila GIRON who lived in Japan as a trading merchant for about 20 years between the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period, it is noted that there was a group that ransacked Kyoto at one time, but 15 ringleaders were caught and they were boiled alive in oil at Sanjo-gawara in Kyoto.
Japanese: まず、安土桃山時代から江戸時代初期の20年ほど日本に貿易商として滞在していたアビラ・ヒロンの記した『日本王国記』によると、かつて都（京都）を荒らしまわる集団がいたが、15人の頭目が捕らえられ京都の三条河原で生きたまま油で煮られたとの記述がある。
English: Pedro MOREJON, a missionary of the Society of Jesus made an annotation here, and commented on the execution of the bandits, "This incident took place in 1594. Those who were boiled in oil were "Ixicava Goyemon" and 9 or 10 of his family members."
Japanese: ここにイエズス会の宣教師として日本に滞在していたペドロ・モレホンが注釈を入れており、この盗賊処刑の記述に、「この事件は1594年のことである。油で煮られたのは「Ixicavagoyemon」とその家族9人ないしは10人であった」と記している。
English: Furthermore, as a comment of October 8, 1594 in "Tokitsune-kyo Ki" (a diary of a court noble, Tokitsune YAMASHINA) it is described that, "10 robbers and thieves, and one of them was roasted to death in a cauldron.
Japanese: また、公家の山科言経の日記『言経卿記』には、文禄3年8月24日（1594年10月8日）の記述として「盗人、スリ十人、又一人は釜にて煎らる。
English: Punishment took place on the riverbank between the Sanjo-bashi Bridge," and even though there is no mention of who were punished, this is in agreement with the comment by the missionary.
Japanese: 三条橋間の川原にて成敗なり」との記載があり、誰が処刑されたか記されてはいないものの宣教師の注釈と一致を見せる。
English: In addition, further down in history, in "Toyotomi Hideyoshi Fu" (edited by Razan HAYASHI) edited in 1642, it is recorded that 'During the years of Bunroku a bandit named Goemon ISHIKAWA committed robbery, theft and unspeakable crimes, and after he was caught by Geni MAEDA (of Kyoto Shoshidai) under the order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI he was roasted to death in a cauldron along with 20 associated people including his mother.'
Japanese: また、時代はやや下るものの寛永19年（1642年）に編纂された『豊臣秀吉譜』（林羅山編）は「文禄のころに石川五右衛門という盗賊が強盗、追剥、悪逆非道を働いたので秀吉の命によって（京都所司代の）前田玄以に捕らえられ、母親と同類20人とともに釜煎りにされた」と記録している。
English: Although the historical resources mentioned above all have flaws it can be said that it is indisputably evident that a character named Goemon ISHIKAWA existed during the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and that he ganged up to commit robbery and that he was executed in Kyoto.
Japanese: 以上の史料にはそれぞれ問題点も挙げられているが、石川五右衛門という人物が安土桃山時代に徒党を組んで盗賊を働き、京で処刑されたという事実は間違いないと考えられている。
English: The reason for the popularity of a bandit like him lies in the fact that he was used as a subject in joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) and kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and he was gradually portrayed as a thief who stole from the rich and gave to the poor, and furthermore, the script in which he tries to kill the powerful ruler, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, won the hearts of the commoners.
Japanese: 盗賊の彼が人気を博した理由は、浄瑠璃や歌舞伎の演題としてとりあげられ、これらの創作の中で次第に義賊として扱われるようになったこと、また権力者豊臣秀吉の命を狙うという筋書きが庶民の心を捉えたことにもよるであろう。
English: The 'temple gate' scene in Kabuki, "Kinmon Gosan no Kiri (Sanmon Gosan no Kiri)" (The Temple Gate and the Paulownia Crest), is a famous scene in which he takes a flamboyant pose with a tobacco pipe in one hand and says, 'What a glorious view, what a glorious view, the scenery of spring is worth its weight in gold, how small that is, how small that is,' and he reads a poem as a part of his line in the temple gate scene, 'Although there maybe an end to ISHIKAWA and sand on the beach, there is no end to the seeds of robbers in this world (said to be his poem at his death)' as he is roasted to death in a cauldron.
Japanese: 歌舞伎『金門五山桐』（楼門五三桐）の「山門」の場で「絶景かな、絶景かな、春の眺めは値千金とは小せえ、ちいせえ」と煙管片手に見得を切り、楼門の場の科白で釜煎りにされながら詠む「石川や　浜の真砂は　尽きるとも　世に盗人の　種は尽きまじ（辞世の句とされている）」が有名である。
English: However, in reality, the temple gate of Nanzen-ji Temple was built in 1628, after the death of Goemon.
Japanese: ただし、実際には南禅寺の山門は五右衛門の死後の1628年建築である。
English: In addition, in this scene, Goemon wears a thick kimono jacket and a hyakunichi katsura (wig with long, overgrown hair) to portray him with overgrown hair, and this has become a generally accepted image of Goemon.
Japanese: また、この場面で五右衛門は髪が伸び過ぎた状態を表す百日鬘（ひゃくにちかつら）に大丹前という格好をしており、これが今日の一般的な五右衛門像となっている。
English: On the other hand, this fact clearly stimulated creativity and imagination of the playwrights who wrote the plays, and many fictional works related to him have been produced in the past as well as in the modern days.
Japanese: 反面、そのことが創作の作者たちの想像力と創作意欲をかき立てていることは間違いなく、彼に関しては古今数多くのフィクションが生み出されている。
English: There are several theories on his life from around the age of 19, the main ones of which include 'He went to Iga province and became a disciple of a ninja, and then he went to Kyoto and became a bandit,' and 'he eloped with the wife of a man he came to serve.'
Japanese: 19歳の頃からについては幾つかの説があり、主に「伊賀に渡り、忍者の弟子になった後、京へ出て盗賊になった」とか「奉公した男性の妻と駆け落ちした」などがある。
English: There also is a well-known lore, in which he studied Iga style ninjutsu under Sandayu MOMOCHI (Tanba MOMOCHI), but he committed adultery with Sandayu's wife, and furthermore, he killed his mistress and fled.
Japanese: 百地三太夫（百地丹波）について伊賀流忍術を学んだが、三太夫の妻と密通した上に妾を殺害して逃亡したとの伝承もよく知られている。
English: He became a hero among the commoners because he was a thief who targeted only the powerful people, and also because of political pressure under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who was very unpopular due to his failure in trying to invade Korea.
Japanese: 相手は権力者のみの義賊だったため、当時は豊臣政権が圧政や朝鮮出兵の失敗で嫌われていた事もあり、庶民のヒーロー的存在になっていた。
English: He was requested to assassinate Hideyoshi by Shigekore KIMURA, a vassal of Hideyoshi's nephew, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, but he was arrested when the incense burner made a noise when he sneaked into Hideyoshi's sleeping chamber.
Japanese: 秀吉の甥・豊臣秀次の家臣・木村重茲から秀吉暗殺を依頼されるが秀吉の寝室に忍び込んだ際、香炉が鳴って捕らえられる。
English: After that, one of his men, who was also arrested, revealed all of the crimes and named his followers.
Japanese: その後、捕らえられた配下の一人に悪事や部下などをすべて暴かれてしまう。
English: There are two theories on the famous boiling in the cauldron, one of which is that he was supposed to be executed with his child but he tried hold his child up until he himself died in the hot water, and the other one of which is that he drowned his child at once so that the child wouldn't have to suffer.
Japanese: 有名な釜茹でについても2つの説があり、子供と一緒に処刑されることになっていたが高温の釜の中で自分が息絶えるまで子供を持ち上げていた説と、苦しませないようにと一思いに子供を釜に沈めた説がある。
English: Other than that, it is also said that he stepped on top of his child because he could not bear the heat.
Japanese: またそれ以外にも、あまりの熱さに子供を下敷きにしたとも言われている。
English: The poem he read prior to death, 'Although there maybe an end to ISHIKAWA and sand on the beach, there is no end to the seeds of robbers in this world.'
Japanese: 同じく辞世の句「石川や浜の真砂は尽きるとも世に盗人の種は尽きまじ」も有名となった。
English: Shinobi no Mono (movie, 1962, original work by Tomoyoshi MURAYAMA, directed by Satsuo YAMAMOTO, featuring Raizo ICHIKAWA)
Japanese: 忍びの者（映画、1962年、村山知義原作、山本薩夫監督、市川雷蔵主演）
English: Sengoku Furyu Bushi: MAEDA Keijiro (novel by Chogoro KAIONJI), he appears before Keijiro, who opposes Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea, as someone with the same intent.
Japanese: 戦国風流武士　前田慶次郎（小説、海音寺潮五郎）、秀吉の朝鮮出兵に反対する慶次郎の前に“同じ志を持つ者”と称して現れる。
English: He suggests to assassinate Hideyoshi as a means to thwart the dispatching of the troops but Keijiro did not agree, so Goemon acted on his own and failed, then he was boiled to death in a cauldron.
Japanese: 出兵阻止の手段として秀吉の暗殺を示唆するも慶次郎は同意せず、五右衛門は単独で決行して失敗、釜茹でにされる。
English: Fukuro no Shiro (Owls' Castle), (novel and movie by Ryotaro SHIBA), when ninja Gohei KAZAMA sneaked into the castle and was arrested as a ruffian by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, he called himself 'Goemon ISHIKAWA,' and then he was boiled to death in a cauldron.
Japanese: 梟の城（小説・映画、司馬遼太郎）忍者の風間五平が城に忍び込んだくせ者として豊臣秀吉に捕らえられた際、自分を「石川五右衛門」と名乗り、釜茹でにされる。
English: Hideyoshi (NHK period drama) (period drama, original work by Taichi SAKAIYA) (role of Goemon played by Hidekazu AKAI), he is set up as Hideyoshi's childhood friend.
Japanese: 秀吉(NHK大河ドラマ)（大河ドラマ、堺屋太一原作）(五右衛門役赤井英和)秀吉の幼馴染設定。
English: Kawara no Ishikawa Goemon (song, produced by Eichi OTAKI, sung by Oshamanbe Cats, an alias of Singers Three).
Japanese: 河原の石川五右衛門（歌、大瀧詠一プロデュース、歌唱は長万部キャッツ（シンガーズ・スリーの別名）。
English: It was supposed to be recorded in the album, "Lets Ondo Again" released in 1978, but because the lyricist, Yu AKU, did not give his permission the song was not included, but the lyrics alone were noted.
Japanese: 昭和53年（1978年）発売のアルバム『LetsOndoAgain』に収録される予定だったが、原曲の作詞者・阿久悠の許可が下りなかったため収録されず、歌詞のみの記載となった。
English: It was recorded for the first time in "NIAGARA FALL STARS" which was released in 1981.
Japanese: 昭和56年（1981年）発売の『NIAGARAFALLSTARS』で初収録。
English: The CD, "Lets Ondo Again" released in 1996 also contains this song.
Japanese: 平成8年（1996年）発売の『LetsOndoAgain』のCDにはこの曲も収録されている）
English: There remains a handprint that is said to have been left by Goemon ISHIKAWA at Minase-jingu Shrine in Shimamoto-cho (Osaka Prefecture), Mishima county, Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 大阪府三島郡(大阪府)島本町にある、水無瀬神宮に石川五右衛門がつけたといわれる手形が残っている。
English: Copying the historical event of boiling in a cauldron (roasted in a cauldron, to be precise), a bath in which a bathtub is heated on a direct fire is called a Goemon buro (Goemon bath).
Japanese: 釜茹でにされた(正確には釜煎りされた)とされる故事に倣い、風呂釜を直火で温めた風呂のことを風呂五右衛門風呂と称する。
English: Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA was the 8th Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Muromachi Shogunate (reigned between 1449 - 1473).
Japanese: 足利義政（あしかがよしまさ）は、室町幕府の第8代征夷大将軍（在位：宝徳元年（1449年）－文明(日本)5年（1473年））。
English: He left his administrative duties of the Shogunate to Tomiko and other influential Shugo-daimyo members, such as Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Sozen YAMANA, and he became a man of culture who pondered his unhappy way of life.
Japanese: 幕政を富子や細川勝元・山名宗全らの有力守護大名に委ねて、自らはもっぱら数奇の道を探求した文化人であった。
English: He was born on January 2, 1436, as a son of the 6th Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 永享8年（1436年）1月2日、第6代将軍・足利義教の子として生まれる。
English: In 1441, after his father, Yoshinori, was killed by Mitsusuke AKAMATSU in the Kakitsu War, his older brother by the same mother, Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA, was installed as the Shogun.
Japanese: 嘉吉元年（1441年）、父の義教が嘉吉の乱で赤松満祐に殺された後、将軍職は同母兄の足利義勝が継いだ。
English: However, because the 7th Shogun, Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA, died young in 1443, Yoshimasa was chosen as the Shogun at the age of 8 under the guardianship of kanrei Mochikuni HATAKEYAMA.
Japanese: 嘉吉3年（1443年）に第7代将軍の足利義勝も早世したため、義政は管領の畠山持国などの後見を得て、8歳で将軍職に選出された。
English: When he had a coming of age ceremony in 1449 he officially assumed his position as the 8th Shogun.
Japanese: 元服を迎えた宝徳元年（1449年）に正式に第8代将軍として就任した。
English: At the beginning, Yoshimasa tried to revive the political agenda of his grandfather, Yoshimitsu, and his father, Yoshinori, and he actively intervened in the large-scale infighting (the Kyotoku War) between Kamakura-kubo (later Koga-kubo) Shigeuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto-kanrei Uesugi clan by ordering Horigoe-kubo Masatomo ASHIKAGA, his younger brother by a different mother, to subjugate Shigeuji.
Japanese: 当初の義政は祖父・義満や父・義教の政策を復活させようと試み、また鎌倉公方（後に古河公方）足利成氏と関東管領上杉氏との大規模な内紛（享徳の乱）に対しては成氏追討令を発して異母弟の堀越公方・足利政知を派遣するなどして積極的な介入をした。
English: However, he virtually had no political power as a Shogun because his wet nurse, Imamairi no Tsubone, Suketo KARASUMA and Mochiie ARIMA, collectively known as the three devils, as well as Sadachika ISE, the steward of Shogun's family, and aides like the family of his official wife, Tomiko HINO, began their political interventions.
Japanese: 三魔と呼ばれる乳母の今参局・烏丸資任・有馬持家をはじめ、将軍家の執事であった伊勢貞親や正室・日野富子の実家の日野氏等の側近が政治に介入していき、将軍としての政治の実権は無いに等しい立場であった。
English: Yoshimasa, at first, actively intervened into these family heir disputes, but he met opposition from kanrei Katsumoto HOSOKAWA regarding the internal dispute of the Togashi clan, the shugo of the Province of Kaga, and Yoshimasa could not influence the issue of family heir the way he wanted.
Japanese: 義政ははじめこれらの相続争いに積極的に介入したが、加賀国守護であった富樫氏の内紛では管領・細川勝元の反対を受けて義政の意のままに相続権を動かすことができなかった。
English: Also, in 1451, he intervened in the internal dispute in the Oda clan who was the Shugodai of the Province of Owari, but again, he met opposition from the Owari Shugo Shiba clan and he was not able to exercise his influence the way he wanted.
Japanese: 宝徳3年（1451年）にも尾張国守護代であった織田氏の内紛に介入したが、尾張守護である斯波氏の反対を受けて義政の意のままに動かすことはできなかった。
English: Therefore, since politics did not go according to Yoshimasa's plans he gradually lost interest in politics.
Japanese: このように政は義政の意に沿って進まない事が多く、次第に義政は政治への関心を失っていった。
English: There was a son between Yoshimasa and his official wife, Tomiko HINO, but he died young in 1459.
Japanese: 義政には正室の日野富子との間に男子があったが、長禄3年（1459年）に早世してしまった。
English: Tomiko, then accused Imamairi no Tsubone for killing her son by putting a curse on him, and she banished her to Okinoshima Island on Lake Biwa.
Japanese: すると富子は実子の早世は今参局が呪詛したものであるとして、彼女を琵琶湖の沖ノ島に流罪に処した。
English: In particular, the Kansho Famine in 1461 left a tremendous disaster in Kyoto, and according to one account the flow of Kamo-gawa River stopped because of the corpses of the people who died from starvation.
Japanese: 特に寛正2年（1461年）の寛正の大飢饉は京都にも大被害をもたらし、一説では賀茂川の流れが餓死者の死骸のために止まるほどであったとされる。
English: Because of these internal and external situations Yoshimasa completely lost his motivation in politics, and he gradually immersed himself in construction projects, such as building mansions, sarugaku and holding drinking parties.
Japanese: このような内外の状況で完全に政治への意欲を失った義政は、邸宅造営などの土木事業や猿楽、酒宴に溺れていく。
English: In particular, even during the Kansho Famine he paid no attention to political matters, focusing instead on the reconstruction of Hana no Gosho; he is infamous for ignoring even Emperor Go-Hanazono's admonishment regarding this matter.
Japanese: 殊に寛正の飢饉間にそれを意に介さずに花の御所を改築、後花園天皇の勧告さえも無視したことは悪名高い。
English: However, because he and Tomiko were not blessed with an heir, he brought his younger brother, Gijin, back to the secular life, named him Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, and as his adopted son, he assigned him to be the next Shogun.
Japanese: しかし、富子との間に嫡子が恵まれなかったため、実弟の義尋を還俗させて足利義視と名乗らせ、養子として次期将軍に決定した。
English: However, after Tomiko gave birth to a child (later Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA) in 1465 she expressed her desire for Yoshihisa to be the heir to the Shogun, so she asked Mochitoyo (Sozen) YAMANA for his support, because he had the true political clout.
Japanese: ところが、寛正6年（1465年）に富子に実子（後の足利義尚）が誕生すると、富子は義尚への将軍後継を望み、政権の実力者であった山名持豊（宗全）に協力を頼んだ。
English: Consequently, the issue of ASHIKAGA shogun family's heir arose, but Yoshimasa was not willing to relinquish his position as the Shogun to either party, and he continued to show an irresolute behavior by immersing himself in his cultural interests.
Japanese: このため、足利将軍家の家督継承問題が起るが、当の義政はどちらにも将軍職を譲らず、文化的な趣味に興じるなど優柔不断な態度を続けた。
English: In addition, the issues on the heirs in the Shiba clan and Hatakeyama clan that had arisen before was related to this issue, and the Onin war finally erupted in 1467.
Japanese: その上、先に起こった斯波氏や畠山氏の家督相続問題も関与して、応仁元年（1467年）、遂に応仁の乱が発生する。
English: Even the descendants of Yoshino (Imperial) Court (Go-nancho) entered the war, and it escalated into an out-of-control war that involved the entire nation.
Japanese: 戦乱は吉野朝廷の末裔（後南朝）まで参加するなど、収拾がつかない全国規模なものへ発展していった。
English: However, Yoshimasa did not even bother to deal with the war and he spent all of his time holding drinking and renga poetry parties, and furthermore, he moved to Ogawa mansion from Hana no Gosho (Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) and he started to live separately from Tomiko, with whom he was no longer getting along because of the issue of Shogun's heir.
Japanese: しかし義政は戦乱に対処することも無く酒宴や連歌の会を行なうのに終始し、さらに花の御所（京都市上京区）から小川邸へ移り、将軍後継者問題で不和になった富子とも別居を始めた。
English: In 1473, when the West Army's Mochitoyo (Sozen) YAMANA and the East Army's Katsumoto HOSOKAWA both died Yoshimasa took this opportunity to hand over his position as the Shogun to his son, Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, in December, and he officially retired.
Japanese: 文明5年（1473年）に西軍の山名持豊（宗全）、東軍の細川勝元の両名が死んだことを契機に、義政は12月に将軍職を子の足利義尚へ譲って正式に隠居した。
English: The discord between Yoshimasa and Tomiko remained unchanged, and when Hana no Gosho burned down due to a war in the city of Kyoto in 1475, Tomiko and Yoshihisa moved to Ogawa mansion while Yoshimasa relocated to Higashiyama as if he was running away from them.
Japanese: 富子との不和は相変わらずで、文明7年（1475年）に花の御所が京都市街の戦火で焼失し、富子と息子・足利義尚が小川邸へ移ると、義政は逃げるように東山へ移っている。
English: Onin war ended in 1477, however, he and Yoshihisa had differences in their opinions and his relationship with Tomiko worsened even more.
Japanese: 文明9年（1477年）に応仁の乱は終わるが、義尚とはこの頃から意見の食い違いが起こり、富子ともさらに仲が悪くなっていく。
English: In reality, back then, there was Higashiyama-dono (Yoshimasa) as opposed to Muromachi-dono (Yoshihisa), and the policymaking government seemed to have been split into two bodies.
Japanese: 現に当時、室町殿（義尚）に対し、東山殿（義政）と呼ばれ、政治の決定機関がふたつに分裂していたようである。
English: Perhaps, because of this reason, Yoshimasa went into hiding after the Onin war and he became even more active in his cultural activities after that.
Japanese: そのためか、応仁の乱後に義政は隠匿し、その後はさらに文化的な活動に拍車がかかった。
English: In 1482, he built Higashiyama sanso villa (Higashiyama-dono), and he built Jisho-ji Temple based on the Rokuon-ji Temple that was built by his grandfather, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 文明14年（1482年）には東山山荘（東山殿）の造営をはじめ、祖父・足利義満が建てた鹿苑寺をベースにした慈照寺などを建てた。
English: Yoshimasa and Yoshihisa's rivalry intensified, as evidenced by the armed encounter between Yoshihisa's aides and those close to Yoshimasa in May, 1485.
Japanese: 文明17年（1485年）5月には、義尚の側近と義政の側近が武力衝突する事件が起こっているなど、義政と義尚の対立は激化する。
English: Because of this reason, in June, Yoshimasa shaved his head and became an ordained monk, and he decided to leave from his effective duties in the government.
Japanese: このため6月、義政は剃髪して出家し、事実上政務から離れることを決めた。