nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Imperial Court sensed a threat from Nobunaga who had been increasing his power day by day and, in order to measure Nobunaga's loyalty to the Imperial Court, sent in 1582 a letter from the Imperial Prince Sanehito that read 'You may have any official position that you wish to have.' to Nobunaga (Sanehito Shinno Goshosoku (letters of the Imperial Prince Sanehito)).
Japanese: 日ごとに権力を増す信長に脅威を抱いた朝廷は、信長の朝廷に対する忠誠心を計るため、天正10年（1582年）に「いか様の官にも任ぜられ」（どのような官位も望みのままに与える）と記された誠仁親王の親書（誠仁親王御消息）を送る。
English: However, Nobunaga let the imperial envoy, who delivered the letter, go back without giving clear reply.
Japanese: しかし信長は、親書を届けた勅使に明確な返答をしないまま返してしまう。
English: The Imperial Court was flustered by Nobunaga's attitude to pay little attention to the emperor, and Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA was afraid that Nobunaga might ask the imperial court for appointment as Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") and proposed Mitsuhide AKECHI, who had once been Yoshiaki's vassal, to assassinate Nobunaga.
Japanese: 天皇を軽んじた信長の態度に朝廷はうろたえるが、それ以上に信長が朝廷に征夷大将軍の任を求めることを恐れた足利義昭は、かつての家臣・明智光秀に信長暗殺を持ちかける。
English: It is told that Mitsuhide, who had been moved to a sinecure by Nobunaga, accepted this proposal and made a plan for Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: 信長によって閑職へ追いやられた光秀はこの申し出を受け、信長の天皇謁見を妨害するため本能寺の変を計画したとされる。
English: Fujita advocated that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA existed in the background of Mitsuhide pointing out that, as evidences to substantiate his view, Mitsuhide's envoy who was sent to Kagekatsu UESUGI immediately before Honnoji Incident asking for cooperation stated 'The Uesugi should cooperate' ('Kakujokogoshoshu') requesting cooperation to a person who was in higher position than Uesugi's.
Japanese: 藤田はこの説を裏付ける証拠として、本能寺の変の直前に光秀が上杉景勝に協力を求めて送った使者が、「御当方（上杉のこと）無二御馳走（協力）申し上げるべき」（「覚上公御書集」より）と、明らかに上杉より身分の高い人物への協力を促していることを示している。
English: In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
Japanese: 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
English: Grounds for this view are the connection between Mitsuhide and Yoshiaki before Mitsuhide became a vassal of Nobunaga and Yoshiaki's past action proposing a coalition of various daimyo (Japanese feudal loads) to overthrow Nobunaga.
Japanese: 信長に仕えるようになる前からの光秀と義昭の繋がりや、打倒信長のために諸大名の同盟を呼びかけた義昭の過去の行動などが根拠となっている。
English: Against this view, there is a refutation which advocates that it is impossible to reason why the Mori clan, which had been protecting Yoshiaki, did not know about Honnoji Incident (according to accepted view).
Japanese: この説に対しては、義昭を庇護していた毛利氏が（定説によれば）本能寺の変を知らなかったことについて説明が付かないとの反駁がある。
English: The ground for this refutation is the idea that if Yoshiaki was the mastermind, the Mori clan should have known it.
Japanese: 仮に義昭が黒幕であれば当然毛利氏も知っているはずとの考えがこの反駁の根拠となる。
English: With respect to this refutation, there is a heresy regarding whether or not the Mori clan knew about Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: この反駁との関係では、毛利氏が本能寺の変を知っていたかどうかについて異説がある。
English: In Taikoki and Sakuma Gunki, it is described that the Mori clan already knew about the occurrence of Honnoji Incident at the time of negotiations for peace, and Takakage KOBAYAKAWA proposed 'Because Hideyoshi will govern the country after Nobunaga, we should put Hideyoshi under an obligation at this stage.' supporting negotiations for peace.
Japanese: 太閤記や佐久間軍記などでは、和議の時点ですでに毛利氏は本能寺の変の発生を知っていたとして描かれており、小早川隆景が「信長に代わって天下を治めるのは秀吉であるから、今のうちに恩を売るべきである」として和議を支持する進言をしている。
English: Also, some considers that, even Shigeharu TSUCHIHASHI, who was a mere dogo in Saiga, Kishu, offered Mitsuhide cooperation to overthrow Nobunaga, it is not strange that the Mori clan knew above Honnoji Incident.
Japanese: また、紀州の雑賀衆にすぎない土橋重治ですら、光秀に対して信長討伐の協力を申し出ていることから、毛利氏が本能寺の変を知っていたとしても不思議ではないとする考えもある。
English: Among views which advocates that the mastermind was the imperial court, there are different views with respect to the key person of the plot, for example, the Emperor Ogimachi, Imperial Prince Sanehito or a noble such as Sakihisa KONOE.
Japanese: 朝廷黒幕説には、中心となる黒幕として、正親町天皇・誠仁親王、あるいは近衛前久等の公家衆を主体とみるかについて意見が分かれる。
English: One of grounds for this view is that the imperial court might consider that Nobunaga had an intention to overthrow the imperial court surmising from Nobunaga's response with respect to 'sanshokusuininnmonndai' (matters related to the Imperial Court's offer to Nobunaga to appoint him to Semi Daishogun, Daijo Daijin, or Kanpaku according to Nobunaga's wish).
Japanese: 「三職推任問題」での信長の対応をみて、朝廷側が、信長は朝廷を滅ぼす意思を持っているのではないかと考えたことを根拠の一つとして挙げる。
English: Other grounds that support the views that the mastermind of the plot was the Imperial Court are that, after the Battle of Yamazaki, Nobutaka ODA tenaciously searched for Sakihisa KONOE by issuing an order to track down and dispose of him, that Kanemi YOSHIDA was interrogated for information, and that the original contents of "Kanemikyo-ki" (diary of Kanemi), which is the first class historical material for that time, were missing for approximately one month around Honnoji Incident and the section for 1582 was rewritten.
Japanese: また、山崎の戦いの後、織田信孝が近衛前久に対し追討令を出して執拗に行方を捜したこと、吉田兼見が事情の聴取を受けていること、更に当時の一級史料である『兼見卿記』（兼見の日記）の原本内容が本能寺の変の前後1か月について欠けており、天正10年の項目は新たに書き直していた、という点も、朝廷黒幕説を支える根拠とされている。
English: The facts that 'sanshokusuininmondai' occurred immediately before Honnoji Incident and from its nature, it was not a matter for which Nobunaga could answer instantly and it seems that the purpose of making stopover at Kyoto was to give his answer raise a doubt with respect to the above-described grounds (It is possible to interpret that Mitsuhide attacked the Honno-ji Temple in order to prevent Nobunaga from giving an answer).
Japanese: 「三職推任問題」は、本能寺の変の直前の出来事であり、その性質上、信長が即答可能な問題ではないこと、京への立ち寄りの理由の1つは、それへの返答にあったと考えられることは、上記根拠への疑問を投げかける（信長が返答することを阻止するためにこの日程で本能寺を襲ったと解する事は可能ではある）。
English: It has been also pointed out as refutations that Sakihisa KONOE became a priest on the day of or several days after Honnoji Incident and it seems appropriate to understand his becoming a priest was to follow Nobunaga same as Yusai HOSOKAWA's becoming a priest and that Sakihisa KONOE made a waka (31-syllable Japanese poem) which mourned Nobunaga's death.
Japanese: さらに近衛前久は本能寺の変の当日または数日後に出家しており、これを細川幽斎の出家と同様、信長に殉じたと解釈するのが適切と見る見解や、後々まで信長の死を惜しんだ和歌を残している事などが反論として挙げられている。
English: With respect to search by Nobutaka, there is a view which considers that it was just to blame Sakihisa for having allowed Mitsuhide's army to climb on the roof to attack and kill Nobutada.
Japanese: 信孝捜索も上記の信忠戦で屋根に光秀軍を上らせ殲滅させたことを咎めたのではないかという説がある。
English: With respect to the Emperor Ogimachi and the Imperial Prince Sanehito, no reliable evidence exists and these views are no better than supposition.
Japanese: また、正親町天皇や誠仁親王に関しても具体的な証拠があるわけではなく仮説の域を出ない。
English: With respect to the Imperial Prince Sanehito, especially, the fact that he could be entangled in an incident in the Nijo Gosho is mentioned as a refutation against the view that the mastermind of the plot was in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 特に誠仁親王に関しては、変に際して二条御所で危うく巻き添えになりかけたことが、朝廷説への反論として言及されている。
English: If the emperor or the Imperial Court was involved in the plot, why Mitsuhide was not justified by a rinji (message from an emperor) or donation of a sword?
Japanese: さらに、天皇・朝廷が関わっているのなら、なぜ綸旨や太刀の下賜などで光秀を正当化しないのか。
English: Recently, in many studies, it is mentioned that Mitsuhide has no merit to ally with the Imperial Court in that way.
Japanese: これでは光秀には組むメリットがないと最近多くの研究で言及されている。
English: In 2007, Sakujin KIRINO, who published in 1992 "Nobunaga Bosatsu no Nazo" (mystery of deliberate murder of Nobunaga) based on "Kanemikyo-ki," criticized his own view by admitting in an interview with a researcher that he was told by a researcher "This is a kind of inboshikan (conspiratorial interpretation of history)." and that 'at that time, he could hardly read writing in simplified style in ancient documents.'
Japanese: 2007年になって1992年に『兼見卿記』を基にした『信長謀殺の謎』を上梓している桐野作人が、インタビューの中で、ある研究者に『これは一種の陰謀史観だよ』と言われたことや、「そのころは古文書のくずし字がほとんど読めなかった」ことを告白し、自説を批判している。
English: Whether or not involvement of the Imperial Court in the plot is denied, views on the relation between Nobunaga and the Emperor Ogimachi are divided into two groups, one to look at the point that Nobunaga is said that he required abdication and the other to look at the fact that the Emperor Ogimachi himself wanted to abdicate but Nobunaga did not agree.
Japanese: 朝廷の関与を否定する説も、否定しない説も、信長と正親町天皇の関係については、退位を要求したとする点に着目する説と、反対に、天皇自身の退位希望を信長が受け入れなかった点に着目する説とに分かれる。
English: In many cases, the former group refer to a description in "Takachika Nikki" (Takachika NAKAYAMA's Diary) of January 10, 1574 and the latter a description in "Kanemikyoki" of May 13, 1581, it is observed that they tend to pick up a part of Nobunaga's policy with respect to the Imperial Court that had changed over time to use as the ground for their own view.
Japanese: 前者が天正元年12月8日の『孝親日記』、後者が天正9年4月1日の『兼見卿記』の記述を挙げてることが多く、信長の皇室政策の時期的に相違する部分の一部を捉えて自説の論拠として挙げる傾向が見られる。
English: With respect to calendar, an error, which contradicted the rule of the lunisolar calendar had occurred in the Kyo calendar (calendar prepared by the onmyoryo (governmental agency responsible for matters related to the Way of Yin and Yang)), that usui was not included in January 1581 but shifted to the intercalary first month in which chuki should not be included.
Japanese: 暦の問題について、天正11年の1月の京暦の中に雨水が含まれずに本来中気が入ってはならない閏1月にずれてしまうという太陽太陰暦の原則に反した錯誤が生じていた。
English: According to description for June 1, 1580 (old calendar) in 'Nichinichiki' of Harutoyo KAJUJI, who was a noble and Buke Denso (imperial official in charge of communication with the shogunate), Nobunaga officially pointed out this problem even one day before his death.
Japanese: 武家伝奏であった公家の勧修寺晴豊の「日々記」の天正十年夏記六月一日によると、信長はこれを死の前日まで公に指摘していた。
English: Here also, there is a dispute whether it should be interpreted as one of Nobunaga's campaigns to show his superiority or expression of Nobunaga's loyalty to the Imperial Court.
Japanese: これも朝廷に対する己の優位を示すためのキャンペーンのひとつであったと捉えるか、信長式の尊王的態度の表れだと捉えるかでも、争いがある。
English: Based on the description about deification of Nobunaga in 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, there is a view which points out that deification of Nobunaga could not be accepted by the Imperial Court. (Motohiko IZAWA is the recent advocator of this view.)
Japanese: また、フロイス「日本史」における信長神格化の記述をもとに、信長神格化が朝廷と相容れなかったとする指摘もある（この点の最近の指摘者として井沢元彦）。
English: However, because of reliability of descriptions by Frois, rather many views overlook or neglect it.
Japanese: ただし、フロイスの記述の信憑性から、看過ないし黙殺する説が比較的多い。
English: Regardless of difference between those views, there is hardly any dispute on the fact that Nobunaga who became the largest bearer of the finance of the Imperial Court was in a position to intervene the decision making of the Imperial Court and therefore there was a conflict between Nobunaga and the Imperial Courts and the difference between the views depends on which element of Nobunaga's act and intervention and how they evaluate it.
Japanese: いずれの説によっても朝廷財政の最大の負担者となった信長が朝廷の意思決定に介入しうる立場にあり、両者に軋轢があったことを認めている点にほぼ争いはなく、信長の行為と介入のどの要素を選択してどう評価するかにより、説の展開が異なっている。
English: In 'Nichinichiki' of Harutoyo KAJUJI, there is a description which hints that there was a plot (discussion) 'to overthrow Nobunaga' between Mitsuhide and persons form the Imperial Court as follows:June 17 (old calendar) FineIn early morning, Kuranosuke SAITO, who belonged to the Akechi clan and discussed about overthrowing Nobunaga, was caught and paraded through Kyoto.
Japanese: なお、勧修寺晴豊の「日々記」では、天正十年夏記において、　六月十七日　天晴。早天ﾆ済藤蔵助ﾄ申者明智者也。武者なる者也。かれなと信長打談合衆也。いけとられ車にて京中わたり申候。と光秀と朝廷側の人間が「信長ヲ打ツ」謀議（談合）を持っていたことと伺わせる記述がある。
English: This view was advocated by Kyoko TACHIBANA assuming that the Society of Jesus intended to realize political power change in Japan.
Japanese: 立花京子が提唱した、イエズス会が日本の政権交代をもくろんだとする説。
English: In this view, 'Nobunaga's government itself was just a puppet government of the power from the southern Europe.
Japanese: ここでは「信長政権そのものが南欧勢力の傀儡に過ぎなかった」、とされている。
English: It is told that Sorin OTOMO was the mediator between the Society of Jesus and Nobunaga and the final purpose of the Society of Jesus was to conquer Ming by force and, in short, the purpose of the Honnoji Incident was just to switch from Nobunaga to Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 更に大友宗麟はイエズス会と信長とを繋ぐ舞台廻しであったとされ、イエズス会の最終目的は明の武力征服であり、結局の所、変は信長から秀吉に首をすげかえる為のものに過ぎなかった、としている。
English: As a refutation against this view on the point that 'Nobunaga had been receiving funds from the Society of Jesus,' it is pointed out that the constant income of the Society at that time was around 20,000 cruzados and that more than a half of it had been remitted to India and, therefore, the Society did not have sufficient fund for maintenance and operation.
Japanese: この説に対する反論としては「信長はイエズス会から資金提供を受けていた」という点に関し、当事の会の定収入は年2万クルザード程度であり、しかもその半分以上はインドに送金されており、そもそも会を維持運営するのにも事欠く有様であったことなどが挙げられている。
English: In addition, the writing of Katsuhiro TANIGUCHI in 2007 raised a question about TACHIBANA's way of handling historical materials such as quoting many unreliable materials of the Edo period such as "Akechi Gunki" (biography of Mitsuhide AKECHI) without verification.
Japanese: この他にも立花の史料の扱い方に関する問題が、江戸時代の信用に欠ける『明智軍記』などを検証無く多数引用する、など谷口克広の2007年の著作に提起されている。
English: As Hideyoshi obtained information on Nobunaga's death very quickly and he had not lost his military power by enveloping attack of the Takamatsu-jo Castle in Bicchu Province, it is said that he must have known about the Honnoji Incident in advance.
Japanese: 信長の死の報をいち早く入手し、備中高松城への攻城戦包囲により殆ど戦力を失っていなかった事から事前に変を知っていたとする。
English: It is also because Hideyoshi fought with Mitsuhide under very favorable condition and won the battle and he became a tenkabito (a person who holds the reins of government) taking advantage of Honnoji Incident and as a result, obtained the largest advantage.
Japanese: また秀吉にとって都合の良い状況で光秀と戦って勝利を収め、また本能寺の変をきっかけに秀吉が天下人となり、結果的に一番利益を得ていることから。
English: We cannot say that this view has well accepted as a theory because it lacks concrete evidence, but this view has often been adopted in fictions, etc. in accordance with the theory for reasoning 'Doubt the person who obtained the largest advantage.'
Japanese: 物証に欠くため学説としては定着しているとは言いがたいが、「もっとも利益をえた者を疑え」という推理のセオリーにより、フィクション等で採用される事が多い説。
English: The views that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was the mastermind of the plot are supported only by many circumstance evidences, but their contents are made interesting by the view that Tenkai Sojo (high rank Buddhism priest) (Nankobo) was Mitsuhide.
Japanese: 徳川家康説は、状況証拠が多いに留まるが、天海僧正（南光坊）＝光秀説により、興味ある内容となっている。
English: Such views do no advocate that Ieyasu was the ringleader, but he agreed or supported the plot and, after the event, sheltered Mitsuhide, who had lived as a priest.
Japanese: 首謀というより、変に賛同、支援ないし、事後に僧侶として生存していた光秀を匿ったというもの。
English: According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, when Ieyasu visited Nobunaga on June 15, 1582, immediately before the Incident in Azuchi-jo Castle accompanied by Nobukimi (Baisetsu) ANAYAMA, who was a surrendered warlord from the Takeda clan to celebrate the victory in the battle Mitsuhide was at first appointed to the position of marshal.
Japanese: フロイス「日本史」によれば、変の直前の天正10年5月15日家康が戦勝祝賀のために武田の降将の穴山信君（梅雪）の随伴で信長を安土城に訪ねた際、当初、光秀が饗応役となった。
English: With respect to preparation for those events (entertainment for Ieyasu), Nobunaga was talking with Mitsuhide behind closed doors, but because Nobunaga tended to go wild with rage by nature and could not accept that someone oppose to his order, he chastised Mitsuhide and dismissed Mitsuhide from the position of marshal.
Japanese: 「これらの催しごと（家康の饗応）の準備について、信長はある密室において明智と語っていたが元来、逆上しやすく、自らの命令に対して反対を言われることに堪えられない性格であったので」光秀を折檻し饗応役を解いた。
English: In this regard, many views infer that Nobunaga had an intention to assassinate Ieyasu, for example, assuming that the reason why Nobunaga got angry was not mismanagement of entertaining such as 'rotten fish' in 'Taikoki,' but the real cause was that when Nobunaga ordered Mitsuhide to kill Ieyasu taking opportunity of entertainment but Mitsuhide refused this order.
Japanese: ここで信長が怒り狂った饗応の不手際とは、「太閤記」にあるような「魚が腐っていた」といったような表の理由ではなく、実は、信長が饗応の機会を捉えて家康を暗殺するよう光秀に指示したがこれを光秀が拒んだのが真因だと解釈する等、信長に家康暗殺の意図があったことを推定する説が多い。
English: As descriptions in historical books that support this view, it is well-known that a section of 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois continued as, when Mitsuhide reversed the course to Kyoto, 'Soldiers began to wonder about the purpose of such action (to attack the Honno-ji Temple and thought that Mitsuhide intended to kill the lord of Mikawa Province (Ieyasu), who was a younger brother-in-law of Nobunaga, according to Nobunaga's order, and a section of 'Rojinzatsuwa' by Munetomo EMURA.'
Japanese: 裏づけとする史書の記述として、フロイスの「日本史」が続いて、光秀の京都への反転に際して「兵士たちはかような（本能寺を攻める）動きがいったい何のためであるか訝り始めおそらく明智は信長の命に基づいて、その義弟である三河の国主（家康）を殺すつもりであろうと考えた。」という部分がある。
English: Also, a well-known quotation from "Rojinzatsuwa" (literally, miscellaneous stories by an old man) by Munetomo EMURA states: "On the occasion of the Akechi Disturbance (Honnoji Incident), Toshogu (Ieyasu) was in Sakai. Nobunaga ordered Togoro HASHIBA to act as a sightseeing guide for Ieyasu in Osaka and Sakai, but in reality, it was a plot to exploit an opportunity to kill Ieyasu".
Japanese: また、江村宗具の「老人雑話」の、「明智の乱（本能寺の変）のとき、東照宮（家康）は堺におわしました。信長は羽柴藤五郎に仰せつけられて、家康に大坂堺を見せよとつかわされたのだが、実のところは隙をみて家康を害する謀であった」とある部分が著名である。
English: As seen in the case of the order to kill Tsukiyama-dono, who was Ieyasu's legitimate wife, and Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, who was Ieyasu's first son, Oda and Tokugawa were not in a relationship of equality like 'allied countries' as often been idealized later, and, for Oda, Tokugawa was a mere throwaway player and, in order to pacify the eastern countries, it should be completely weakened or overthrown as soon as possible.
Japanese: 正妻の築山殿、嫡男の松平信康の誅殺命令にあるように、織田と徳川は後世に美化されたような「同盟」という対等の関係でなく、徳川は織田にとって、使い捨ての駒に過ぎず、東方平定のためには、早々に完全に弱体化させるか滅ぼされるべき存在に過ぎなかった。
English: Although it was told later that Ieyasu's runaway trip guarded by Iga ninja (a secret agent (in feudal Japan) highly skilled in stealth and secrecy), who were opponents to Nobunaga was because of Ieyasu's fear against to be killed by the Mitsuhide's side, it was originally prepared in advance based on Ieyasu's fear against being killed by the Nobunaga's side or it was an arrangement to deny his participation in the plot.
Japanese: 信長の敵対者である伊賀忍者に守られた逃避行は、後世、光秀方に誅されることを恐れたものとされるが、本来は信長方に誅されることを恐れて事前に準備されたものだった、ないし、自己の関与を否定するための演出であった。
English: With respect to views that Tenkai Sojo (Nankobo) was Mitsuhide who lived after Honnoji Incident, there are many views that point out the following facts and look at Ieyasu's acts that have been accepted as appraisal to Mitsuhide.
Japanese: 天海僧正（南光坊）＝光秀生存説については次のような事例をあげるとともに、家康の光秀に対する称揚と受け取られる行為に注目する説も多い。
English: In Mt. Hiei, there is a stone lantern which is inscribed that 'Petitioner: Mitsuhide' donated it in February and March 1615.
Japanese: 比叡山に、慶長20年2月に｢願主光秀｣が寄進したと刻まれた石灯籠が存在する。
English: The painted image of Mitsuhide that remained in the Hontoku-ji Temple in Osaka, which temple looks after Buddhist memorial tablet of Mitsuhide, has a comment that reads '放下般舟三昧去' on its back and, literally, this comment means that Mitsuhide spent his remaining years in Buddhist priesthood.
Japanese: 光秀の位牌を祀る大阪の本徳寺に残存する光秀の肖像画には「放下般舟三昧去」という裏書があり、そのまま読めば光秀は仏門で余生を送ったという意味である。
English: Kasuga no Tsubone, who was a daughter of Toshimitsu SAITO, showed the highest politeness by 'prostrating herself' before Tenkai, with whom she must met for the first time, and stated, 'It is a long time since we met each other last time.'
Japanese: 斎藤利三の娘である春日局は、初対面であるはずの天海に対して最上礼である「平伏」をした上で「お久しゅうございます」と述べた。
English: Although the reason is not known, Ieyasu had a kumage no yari (spear decorated with hairs of bear) that once belonged to Mitsuhide and gave it to his cousin, Katsunari MIZUNO telling 'This is a spear that was once owned by Hyuganokami, who was a famous general. Have similar military achievements to Hyuganokami's.'
Japanese: 家康は、光秀が所有していた熊毛の鑓（やり）を何故か所有しており「これは名将日向守殿の鑓である、日向守の武功に肖れ。」と付言して従兄弟水野勝成に与えた。
English: View that the Shimazu clan was involved - It was a matter of time when Nobunaga commence conquering Kyushu after he overthrew the Mori clan.
Japanese: 島津氏関与説-信長が毛利氏を滅ぼした後、九州征伐を開始するのは時間の問題である。
English: View that the Shimazu clan, that had been in a predicament because of counteroffensive activities by the Otomo clan and the Ryuzoji clan connected with Nobunaga, plotted with nobles in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: さらに信長と通じる大友氏や龍造寺氏らの反攻を受けて苦境に立たされていた島津氏が、朝廷の公家らと共謀していたという説。
English: Although there was little grounds, in description in 'Uwai Kakuken Nikki' that is famous as the diary of Uwai Kakuken, who was a close vassal of Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, sections for the period from July 1, 1582, when Honnoji Incident occurred, to November 28 were left blank.
Japanese: 根拠は乏しいのだが、島津義久の側近である上井覚兼の日記として有名な「上井覚兼日記」の記述で、本能寺の変が起こった天正10年6月2日から11月3日までの項が白紙にされているのである。
English: Although it is not clear since when Mitsuhide made his mind to rebel, there is a view that he made his mind to rebel at the time of the party for renga (linked-verse) in the Atago-gongen Shrine before going to battle from the Kameyama-jo Castle by understanding the first line made by Mitsuhide, 'Tokihaima amegashitashiru satsukikana' (The time is now in May which everybody knows), as 'toki' means Mitsuhide himself, who belonged to the Toki clan which descended from the Minamoto clan and 'amegashitashiru' as 'to govern the area under the heaven,' namely governing the whole country.
Japanese: 光秀がいつ頃から謀反を決意していたかは明らかではないが、亀山城出陣を前にして、愛宕権現での連歌の会で光秀が詠んだ発句、「時は今　天が下知る　五月哉」は、「時（とき）」は源氏の流れをくむ土岐氏の一族である光秀自身を示し、「天が下知る」は、「天（あめ）が下（した）治る（しる）」、すなわち天下を治めることを暗示していると解し、この時点で謀反の決意を固めていたのだとする説もある。
English: According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, Nobunaga held a ceremony on June 15, 1579, in the Azuchi-jo Castle to make himself a god and decided in the Soken-ji Temple to make his birthday a holiday and told that those who visit and worship would have benefit in this world.
Japanese: フロイス「日本史」によると、信長は天正7年5月11日に安土城で自らを神とする儀式を行い、総見寺で信長の誕生日を祝祭日と定め、参詣する者には現世利益がかなうとしたという。
English: However, as Frois first written about this 'ceremony' only after Nobunaga's death and he was not in the vicinity of Azuchi when such ceremony was held and this 'ceremony' has never been referred to in first-class historical materials in Japan, Katsuhiro TANIGUCHI proposed the view that description by Frois is not reliable and it was written just to justify overthrowing Nobunaga.
Japanese: ただし、フロイスがこの「儀式」について初めて記したのは信長の死後であり、フロイス自身が「儀式」が行われたとされる当時に安土周辺にはいなかったこと、日本国内の一級史料ではこの「儀式」についてまったく言及されていないことなどから、谷口克広はフロイスの記述に信憑性はなく、信長が滅んだことを正当化するために記したものであるとの見解を示している。
English: After spending July 6 and 7, 1579 for calling on other warlords to surrender, Mitsuhide entered the Azuchi-jo Castle on July 8 (There is a view that he entered the Azuchi-jo Castle on July 7).
Japanese: 光秀は、6月3日、4日を諸将の誘降に費やした後、6月5日(4日説がある）安土城に入った。
English: On July 12, he went up to Kyoto and commenced political maneuvering toward the Imperial Court, but having received a report on Hideyoshi's ogaeshi (long distance return in short time) took the field to Yamazaki.
Japanese: 9日、上洛し朝廷工作を開始するが、秀吉の大返しの報を受けて山崎に出陣。
English: He was defeated in the Battle of Yamazaki on July 16, and, in the midnight on the same day, killed by a native in Ogurusu (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 13日の山崎の戦いに敗れ、同日深夜、小栗栖（京都市伏見区）で土民に討たれた。
English: As he administered political affairs in Azuchi and Kyoto from July 7 or 8 to 15, it was called mikkatenka (a very brief reign; literally, three-day reign).
Japanese: 安土と京都で政務を執ったのが4、5日から12日であったため、三日天下と呼ばれた。
English: It can be said that one of causes of his defeat was that he did not have sufficient military strength caused by his failure to acquire support from powerful warlord in the Kinki area such as Yusai HOSOKAWA, who was his relative, and Junkei TSUTSUI, who was a yoriki (warlord attached to another) to Mitsuhide.
Japanese: 期待していた親類の細川幽斎、与力の筒井順慶ら近畿の有力大名の支持を得られなかったことが戦力不足につながり、敗因の一つであったと言える。