nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As a preliminary skirmish, Sakon SHIMA, a retainer of Mitsunari, and Takenori AKASHI, a retainer of Hideie UKITA, launched a surprise attack against the eastern military group.
Japanese: 前哨戦として三成の家臣・島左近と宇喜多秀家の家臣・明石全登が奇襲をかけてきた。
English: For this, Kazuhide NAKAMURA, Toyouji ARIMA, and others in the eastern military group forces fought against them, but Tanomo NOISSHIKI, a retainer of Kazuhide NAKAMURA, died in the fight (the Battle of the Kuise-gawa River).
Japanese: それに対して東軍の中村一栄、有馬豊氏らが迎撃するが敗れ、中村一栄の家臣・野一色頼母が戦死している（杭瀬川の戦い。
English: There was a rumor that prior to this incident, Ieyasu himself was attacked with a gun around the Io-gawa River (the present Ibi-gawa Rivers).
Japanese: なおこれに先立ち、伊尾川（現・揖斐川）で家康自身が銃撃されたという噂もある。
English: At 8AM on September 15, the final fight between the eastern military group forces and the western military group forces started fighting in Sekigahara-cho, Mino Province.
Japanese: 9月15日午前8時、美濃国・関ケ原町において遂に東西両軍による決戦が繰り広げられた。
English: However, around noon, the army of Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA, which Ieyasu had tried to take into his side, decided to change its support to the eastern side from the western side, and rushed to attack Yoshitsugu Otani's troops on the western side, changing the fighting state to the advantage of the eastern side.
Japanese: しかしながら、正午頃、予てより懐柔策をとっていた小早川秀秋の軍が西軍を裏切って東軍に味方することを決意し、西軍の大谷吉継隊に襲いかかったのを機に形成が逆転する。
English: Otani's troops fought bravely, but with Yasuharu WAKISAKA, Mototsuna KUTSUKI, Naoyasu AKAZA, and Suketada OGAWA all changing their sides to support the eastern side as well, the western military group forces were routed.
Japanese: 大谷軍も奮戦したが、さらに脇坂安治、朽木元綱、赤座直保、小川祐忠らの寝返りもあって西軍は総崩れとなった。
English: In the final phase of the fight, the troops of Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, which tried to retreat through among the enemy forces, came immediately in front of the headquarters of the eastern side forces, where Ieyasu stayed, while staging a furious attack.
Japanese: 戦いの終盤では、敵中突破の退却戦に挑んだ島津義弘の軍が家康の本陣目前にまで猛攻して来た。
English: Although such a dangerous situation occurred, the war was won by the eastern military group forces led by Ieyasu (the Battle of Sekigahara).
Japanese: そのような非常に危険な局面もあったものの、家康率いる東軍の勝利に終わった（関ヶ原の戦い）。
English: On September 21, he captured Mitsunari who had fled from the fighting field and executed him at Rokujo-gawara on October 1.
Japanese: 9月21日には戦場から逃亡していた三成を捕縛し、10月1日には六条河原で処刑した。
English: Then after entering Osaka, Ieyasu executed, took the territories of, or reduced the territories of the daimyo who had supported the western side, and increased his territories from a 2.5 million koku of rice crop from to a 4 million koku of rice crop, from the new territories he took.
Japanese: そして大坂に入った家康は、西軍に与した諸大名をことごとく処刑・改易・減封に処し、それらから奪った所領により自分の領地を250万石から400万石に増やした。
English: Concerning Hideyori TOYOTOMI, and Yodo-dono (his wife), Ieyasu did not blame them saying that what happened was not concerned with females and youngsters, and left Hideyori's territory as it was.
Japanese: 豊臣秀頼、淀殿に対しては「女、子供の預かり知らぬところ」として咎めず領地もそのままだった。
English: However, the land that had been directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi, which had been included in daimyo's territories, was lost together with the territories of the daimyo on the western side, because the land was distributed as rewards based on the levels of accomplishments in the war.
Japanese: しかしながら、家康の論功行賞により各大名家の領地に含めていた太閤蔵入地（豊臣氏の直轄地）は西軍の大名領もろとも失われた。
English: Resultantly, the Toyotomi family was forced to become merely a 650,000-koku daimyo owning the three provinces of Settsu, of Kawachi, and of Izumi, and Ieyasu came to dominate the nation as virtual Tenkabito (the ruler of the nation).
Japanese: その結果として豊臣氏を摂津国・河内国・和泉国の三カ国65万石の一大名の身分に落とし、家康が実質上の天下人として君臨したのである。
English: After having completed necessary procedures accompanying the end of the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu handed over the Nishino-maru of Osaka-jo Castle to the Toyotomi family on March 23 (in the old calendar), 1601, and entered Fushimi-jo Castle, continuing his governmental jobs there.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の戦いの後処理を終わらせた慶長6年（1601年）3月23日、家康は大坂城・西の丸を豊臣氏に明け渡して、伏見城に入ってなおも政務を執った。
English: Then at last, he changed names in Tokugawa's family tree to open a bakufu as Seii taishogun.
Japanese: そしていよいよ、征夷大将軍として幕府を開くために、徳川氏の系図の改姓も行なった。
English: Therefore, Ieyasu ordered Shinryuin Bonshun to arrange Tokugawa's family tree so that the tree should reach MINAMOTO no Yoshiie of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: そのため、家康は、神龍院梵舜に命じて徳川氏の系図を源氏の源義家に通じるように整備させた。
English: According to recent studies (by Kazuhiko KASAYA and Masuo IRIMOTO), it was in 1588 far before this that Ieyasu publicly announced that his real name was Minamoto.
Japanese: 近年の研究（笠谷和比古、煎本増夫ら）によると、家康が本姓を源氏だと公称したのはこれよりはるか前の天正16年（1588年）であるという。
English: This is because Ieyasu signed 'Dainagon MINAMOTO no Ieyasu' on the written oath when Emperor Goyozei visited Jurakudai (a residence built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).
Japanese: 後陽成天皇の聚楽第行幸に際して提出した誓紙に家康が「大納言源家康」と署名しているためである。
English: In addition, Ieyasu signed 'Dainagon MINAMOTO no Ieyasu' on the shuinjo (vermillion seal letters) issued to shrines and temples in Sagami Province in 1591, and based on these facts, Kasaya and others described that 'Ieyasu was permitted to use the name of Minamoto even in the Toyotomi government.'
Japanese: 他に天正19年（1591年）、家康が相模国の寺社に出した朱印状にも「大納言源朝臣家康」と記された書判もあり、これらのことから笠谷らは「豊臣政権下で家康は既に源氏の公称を許されていた」と述べている。
English: By the way, when Ieyasu was granted an Imperial sanction to changed his name from Matsudaira to Tokugawa, he publicly announced that his real name was Fujiwara.
Japanese: なお、家康は松平姓から（勅許を得て）徳川姓に改姓した際には本姓は藤原氏と公称していた。
English: Furthermore, a person not originated in Seiwa-Genji could actually become the shogun.
Japanese: また、実際には清和源氏の出自でなくとも将軍職への就任には問題がなった。
English: Therefore, there is a theory that it was a popular view created in the Edo period that only a person in the lineage of Seiwa-Genji could become a shogun.
Japanese: そのため、将軍になるには清和源氏でなければならないというのは江戸時代に作られた俗説とする説がある。
English: On February 12 (in the old calendar), 1603, Emperor Goyozei sent to Fushimi-jo Castle Mitsutoyo KAJUJI, Sangi (councilor), as an Imperial envoy.
Japanese: 慶長8年（1603年）2月12日、後陽成天皇が参議・勧修寺光豊を勅使として伏見城に派遣した。
English: Here, eight Imperial decrees of six types were given to Ieyasu, appointing him to Seii taishogun, Shogaku ryoin betto (Rector of Junna and Shogaku colleges), and udaijin (minister of the right).
Japanese: そしてここで六種八通の宣旨が下り、家康を征夷大将軍、淳和奨学両院別当、右大臣に任命した。
English: It was a custom originating with Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA that the honor of being given governmental posts in addition to Genji no choja (the chief of the Minamoto clan) was awarded.
Japanese: 征夷大将軍への任官に伴い、源氏長者ほかの官職を与えられる栄誉は、足利義満から始まった慣例である。
English: On March 21, Ieyasu was officially appointed to shogun at Nijo-jo Castle, and on March 25, he visited the Imperial court and expressed his gratitude for having been appointed to shogun.
Japanese: 3月21日、家康は二条城で正式な将軍宣下を受け、3月25日には参内して将軍拝賀の礼を述べた。
English: However it was on March 27 (in the old calendar) that the Imperial court appointed Ieyasu to shogun officially, and it can be said that the Edo bakufu officially started on this day.
Japanese: ただし、朝廷から正式な将軍宣下が行われたのは3月27日であり、この日をもって正式に江戸幕府が開かれたと見てよい。
English: Ieyasu, who had been one of the Go-tairo officers in the Toyotomi government, took the position of the head of samurai four and a half years after Hideyoshi's death, and established the position that surpassed the Toyotomi clan both in name and reality.
Japanese: 豊臣政権の五大老であった家康が、秀吉の死から4年半で武家の棟梁としての地位を手に入れ、名実ともに豊臣氏を上回る地位を確立した。
English: In starting the bakufu, he established laws and regulations to control samurai and the Imperial court, through the introduction of various systems, including the specifications of Buke shohatto (laws for the military families) and of Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that were applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles).
Japanese: 幕府開府に当たって武家諸法度や禁中並公家諸法度の制定、各制度の整備を行い、武家の統制及び朝廷の掌握に向けた法度を定めた。
English: His gaining control of the Imperial court meant that the Toyotomi clan would lose the means of regaining the clan's former power, and therefore, was important for the stabilization of his government after the nation was unified.
Japanese: 朝廷を掌握すれば豊臣氏が形勢挽回する道はなく、天下統一の後において政権の安泰を図る上で重要であった。
English: On April 16 (in the old calendar), 1605, Ieyasu resigned from the shogun post and made the Imperial court appoint Hidetada TOKUGAWA, his third son, to shogun, showing over the nation that 'the shogun post should be inherited by the Tokugawa family.'
Japanese: 慶長10年（1605年）4月16日、家康は将軍職を辞するとともに朝廷に三男・徳川秀忠への将軍宣下を行わせ、将軍職は以後「徳川氏が世襲していく」ことを天下に示した。
English: At the same time, he requested Hideyori TOYOTOMI to face Hidetada, the new shogun, but Yodo-dono turned down it.
Japanese: 同時に豊臣秀頼に新徳川将軍・秀忠と対面するよう要請したが、淀殿がこれを拒絶する。
English: Then he was called 'Ogosho in Sunpu' for 'Shogun in Edo,' and, continuing to hold real power, made efforts to establish the bakufu system (called 'Ogosho politics').
Japanese: 「江戸の将軍」に対して「駿府の大御所」として実権を掌握し続けて幕府の制度作りに勤めた（大御所政治と呼ばれる）。
English: However, because the shogun, Hidetada, was the father-in-law of Hideyori, Ieyasu requested Hideyori to come to Kyoto on the pretext that 'Hideyori comes to greet his father-in-law,' and at last succeeded in making Hideyori come to Kyoto, with persuasions by Kiyomasa KATO and others as well.
Japanese: しかしながら、将軍・秀忠は秀頼の義父である関係からあくまで「義父への挨拶」という名目で上洛を要請し、加藤清正等の説得もあって、ついには秀頼を上洛させることに成功した。
English: The general view is that this meeting showed to the general public throughout the nation that 'Ieyasu was the head of samurai in Japan.'
Japanese: この会見により、天下の衆目に「家康が日本の武家の棟梁である事」を示したとするのが一般的な見解である。
English: However, there is also the viewpoint that Ieyasu really felt that the authority and threat of the Toyotomi clan could not be ignored.
Japanese: しかしながら、豊臣氏の権威や脅威が無視できないものであることを改めて家康が実感することになったとの見解もある。
English: Although having been degraded to the position of merely a daimyo, the Toyotomi family still possessed a special status, and was not integrated into the control of the Tokugawa clan effectively.
Japanese: 一大名の位置に転落したとは言え、なお特別の地位を保持しており、実質的には徳川氏の支配下には編入されていなかった。
English: In addition, when Ieyasu was appointed to shogun, the rumor that Hideyori would be appointed to Kanpaku (the top adviser to the emperor) was accepted by the people naturally, and when Hidetada was appointed to shogun, Hideyori was advanced to Udaijin (minister of the right) higher than that of Hidetada (naidaijin (minister of the center)).
Japanese: また、家康の将軍宣下時には、秀頼が同時に関白に任官されるとの風説が当然のこととして受け取られており、秀忠の将軍宣下時には、秀頼は秀忠（内大臣）を上回る右大臣に昇進している。
English: Relationships between Hidetada, the shogun, and Tadateru MATSUDAIRA, his younger brother, were seriously bad, and Masamune DATE, the father-in-law of Tadateru, did not abandon his desire to control the nation.
Japanese: 将軍・秀忠とその弟・松平忠輝の仲は険悪であり、忠輝の義父でもある伊達政宗は、未だ天下取りの野望を捨てていなかった。
English: In addition, even within the Tokugawa Shogun family, there were confrontations concerning which of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and Tadanaga TOKUGAWA, both sons of Hidetada, should become the next shogun.
Japanese: また徳川将軍家でも秀忠の子である徳川家光と徳川忠長のいずれが次の将軍になるかで対立していた。
English: There was a possibility that, if these powers were combined with that of the Toyotomi clan and started a movement to defeat Ieyasu, the bakufu might be annihilated instantly.
Japanese: もしこれらが豊臣氏と結託して打倒家康で立ち上がれば、幕府は一瞬にして崩壊してしまう可能性があった。
English: Around this time, Ieyasu questioned Razan HAYASHI whether it was wise to destroy the Toyotomi family, which still was his master family in theory.
Japanese: 家康はこの時期、主筋である豊臣氏を滅ぼすことの是非を林羅山に諮問している。
English: Initially, Ieyasu made the Tokugawa clan look like it was groping for ways to coexist with the Toyotomi clan.
Japanese: 家康は当初、徳川氏と豊臣氏の共存を模索しているようにも見せかけていた。
English: However, because the government was taken over by Ieyasu, people in the Toyotomi clan began gradually to become cautious about what Ieyasu did.
Japanese: しかし、豊臣氏の人々は政権を奪われたことにより次第に家康を警戒するようになっていった。
English: In addition, the Toyotomi clan employed many ronin (master-less samurai) for preparing a final war with the Tokugawa clan, and many of them were soldiers of the troops defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara and bore a grudge against Ieyasu.
Japanese: さらに豊臣氏は、徳川氏との決戦に備え、多くの浪人を雇い入れていたが、その多くは関ヶ原の戦いの敗残兵で家康に恨みを持つ者たちであった。
English: Meanwhile, many powerful daimyo under an obligation to the Toyotomi family died one after another: For example, Kiyomasa KATO, Yoshiharu HORIO, and Nagamasa ASANO died in 1611, and Yoshinaga ASANO, and Terumasa IKEDA in 1613.
Japanese: そのような中、慶長16年（1611年）に加藤清正、堀尾吉晴、浅野長政、慶長18年（1613年）には浅野幸長、池田輝政など、豊臣恩顧の有力大名が次々と死去した。
English: Therefore, the Toyotomi clan became isolated gradually (because so many daimyo under an obligation to the Toyotomi family died one after another, there is a theory as well that Ieyasu poisoned them).
Japanese: そのため、次第に豊臣氏は孤立を深めていった（あまりにも豊臣恩顧の大名の死が相次いだため、家康による毒殺説もある）。
English: Then, taking the opportunity of the incident of the Hoko-ji Temple bell IN 1614, Ieyasu made up his mind to make the Toyotomi clan subjugated completely, and started the maneuvers to ruin the clan otherwise.
Japanese: そして慶長19年（1614年）の方広寺鐘銘事件をきっかけとして、家康は豊臣氏を完全に屈服させることを決意し、それを拒んだ場合は滅亡させるべく策動を開始した。
English: In April (in the old calendar) of 1614, the Toyotomi family reconstructed Hoko-ji Temple according to Ieyasu's recommendation, and it was scheduled to hold a ceremony to consecrate a newly made Buddhist statue by inserting the eyes (thereby investing it with soul) in the Daibutsu-den (the Great Buddha hall) on August 3.
Japanese: 豊臣氏は家康の勧めで慶長19年（1614年）4月に方広寺を再建しており、8月3日に大仏殿の開眼供養を行なうことにした。
English: However, Ieyasu stopped holding the ceremony, saying that the inscription on the bonsho (temple bell) included ominous terms.
Japanese: ところが家康は、方広寺の梵鐘の銘文中に不吉な語があると供養を差し止めた。
English: He made the following the problematic terms: '国家安康,' '君臣豊楽・子孫殷昌,' and '右僕射源朝臣.'
Japanese: 問題とされたのは「国家安康」・「君臣豊楽・子孫殷昌」・「右僕射源朝臣」の部分であった。
English: He said that, with the characters of 家 and 康 in his name (家康: Ieyasu) included divided in it, the phrase of '国家安康'was ominous, and that the phrase of 君臣豊楽・子孫殷昌 meant that descendants would be prosperous with the Toyotomi family as the lord.
Japanese: 「国家安康」を「家康の名を分断して呪詛する言葉」とし、「君臣豊楽・子孫殷昌」を豊臣氏を君として子孫の殷昌を楽しむとした。
English: In addition, he said that the phrase of '右僕射源朝臣' meant shooting Ieyasu.
Japanese: 更に「右僕射源朝臣」については、「家康を射るという言葉だ」と非難したのである。
English: This last one was a complete false charge, and the original meaning of '右僕射源朝臣' was 右僕射 (Tang's expression for minister of the right) and 源家康 (MINAMOTO no Ieyasu).
Japanese: こちらは完全な言いがかりであり、「右僕射源朝臣」の本来の意味は、右僕射（右大臣の唐名）源家康という意味である。
English: For this, the priests are said to have answered, fearing the influential power of Ieyasu, that the phrase of 国家安康 in the inscription considered being extremely impious, because it damaged the name of Ieyasu (according to Tokugawa Jikki (a collection of official records of the Edo bakufu).
Japanese: その結果、五山の僧侶たちは家康の影響力を恐れて、「みなこの銘中に国家安康の一句、御名を犯す事尤不敬とすべし。」（徳川実紀）と返答したという。
English: For this, the Toyotomi family sent Katsumoto KATAGIRI, a Karo (top retainer) and Seikan BUNEI, who made the inscription, to Sunpu, to offer an explanation for the situation.
Japanese: これに対して豊臣氏は家老・片桐且元と鐘銘を作成した文英清韓を駿府に派遣し、家康に弁明を試みた。
English: However, Ieyasu refused even to see them, took Seikan into custody and sent Katsumoto back to Osaka.
Japanese: ところが、家康は会見すら拒否し、逆に清韓を拘束し、且元を大坂へ返した。
English: Then on September 26, the Toyotomi family exiled Katsumoto saying that he had communicated with Ieyasu secretly.
Japanese: そして、豊臣氏が9月26日に且元を家康と内通しているとして追放した。
English: Taking this opportunity, Ieyasu declared a war with the Toyotomi clan for the reason that the Toyotomi clan increased forces by recruiting ronin (master-less samurai).
Japanese: すると、家康は豊臣氏が浪人を集めて軍備を増強していることを理由に、豊臣氏に宣戦布告したのである。
English: It has been considered generally that this incident was conceived and made a problem by Ieyasu, together with Suden and Razan HAYASHI, to give a pretext for attacking the Toyotomi clan.
Japanese: この事件は、豊臣氏攻撃の口実とするため、家康が崇伝,林羅山らと画策して問題化させたものであるとの考え方が一般的であった。
English: However, Seikan himself explained that the imina (personal name) of 家康 was inserted into the inscription intentionally, and each priest at Kyoto-Gozan replied that it was a problem not to have avoided including the imina.
Japanese: しかし、清韓自身が家康の諱を「かくし題」とした意識的な撰文であると弁明しており、上記のとおり、五山の僧の答申はいずれも諱を避けなかったことについて問題視している。
English: At that time, the persons who could use imina in calling a man basically were the man's parents, the man's master or the man's enemies, and in such a situation, the family name with his governmental post name added, or the man's common name was usually used.
Japanese: 当時、基本的に諱で呼ぶ事が出来るのは両親、主君そして敵であり、通常は名字＋官職名もしくは通名等で呼んだ。
English: When taking these into consideration, it is considered that the allegation on Ieyasu's side was not a far fetched one, but rather that a careless act on the Toyotomi side allowed the Ieyasu side a chance to take advantage.
Japanese: このような事を考えると、家康側が全面的にこじつけたものではなく、豊臣側の軽率な行為が付け入る隙を与えたという性格の方が強い。
English: After that, the bell still remains in the premises of Hoko-ji Temple without being melted down (designated as an important cultural property).
Japanese: その後も鐘は鋳潰されることもなく方広寺境内に残されている（重要文化財）。
English: On November 15 (in the old calendar), 1614, Ieyasu left Nijo-jo Castle to attack Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: 慶長19年（1614年）11月15日、家康は二条城を発して大坂城攻めの途についた。
English: However, he did not attack directly, but limited his activities to local fights, for example, attacks on forts outside Osaka-jo Castle.
Japanese: しかしながら、力攻めはせず、大坂城外にある砦などを攻めるという局地戦を行うにとどめた。
English: The Tokugawa forces continued winning such local fights as the Battle of Kitsugawa-guchi (1614), the Battle of Imafuku, the Battle of Kamono, and the Battle of Bakurobuchi, but were defeated seriously by Nobushige (Yukimura) SANADA in the fight at the Sanada-maru (Sanada barbican).
Japanese: 徳川軍は木津川口の戦い(1614年)・今福の戦い・鴫野の戦い・博労淵の戦いなどの局地戦で勝利を重ねたが、真田丸の戦いでは、真田信繁（幸村）の前に大敗を喫した。
English: However, the defeat was not serious enough to change the war situation largely, and the Tokugawa forces started taking a new strategy.
Japanese: とはいえ戦局を揺るがすほどの敗戦ではなく、徳川軍は新たな作戦を始動した。
English: To threaten the soldiers in the castle and Yodo-dono in particular, who were unfamiliar with wars, he made his soldiers give a shout of victory at 8 PM, 0 AM, and 4 AM, and made cannons (ishibiya (guns with stones as bullets), and artillery) fire at 10 PM, 2 AM, and 6 AM.
Japanese: 午後8時、午前0時、午前4時に一斉に勝ち鬨をあげさせ、さらに午後10時、午前2時、午前6時に大砲（石火矢・大筒）を放たせて城兵、特に戦慣れしていない淀殿らを脅そうとした。
English: Fearing that the castle might be destroyed, Yodo-dono proposed to make peace with Ieyasu, and Ieyasu agreed with it as well.
Japanese: 落城の恐怖に怯えた淀殿は和睦することを申し出て、家康もそれを了承した。
English: The conditions for making the peace were to fill the outer moats of the Osaka-jo Castle, and to destroy Nino-maru (the second compound of the castle) and Sanno-maru (the third compound of the castle).
Japanese: 和議の条件は、大坂城の外堀の埋め立てと二の丸、三の丸の破壊であった。
English: However, Ieyasu ordered Masazumi HONDA to fill the inner moats as well, which was not included in the conditions.
Japanese: しかしながら、家康は本多正純に命じて条件になかった内堀までも埋め立てさせた。
English: Therefore, by the middle of January, 1615, the Osaka-jo Castle had become a naked castle with only Honmaru (the keep of the castle)
Japanese: そのため、慶長20年（1615年）1月中旬までに、大坂城は本丸だけを残す無防備な裸城となった。
English: Because the inner moats had been filled, ignoring the conditions for peace, the Toyotomi side tried to dig them again.
Japanese: 和睦の条件になかった内堀まで埋め立てられたため、豊臣氏はこれを掘り返そうとした。
English: However, on the pretext that the act constituted 'Toyotomi's preparations for a war,' Ieyasu demanded to exile ronin and to change the territory of the Toyotomi clan.
Japanese: ところが家康は、それを「豊臣氏が戦準備を進めている」という大義名分にし、大坂城内の浪人の追放と豊臣氏の移封を要求。
English: Furthermore, when he was going to Kyoto saying that it was for the marriage of Yoshinao TOKUGAWA, he sent large forces to the Kinki region, and started attacking the Toyotomi clan soon after his demands were turned down.
Japanese: 更に徳川義直の婚儀のためと称して上洛するのに合わせ、またも近畿方面に大軍を送り込み、豊臣氏に要求が拒否されるや侵攻を開始した。
English: For this, the Toyotomi clan made a sortie from Osaka-jo Castle, but being overwhelmingly disadvantageous in the number of soldiers, lost many brave military commanders, including Naoyuki BAN, Mototsugu GOTO, Shigenari KIMURA, and Kanesuke SUSUKIDA, one after another.
Japanese: これに対して豊臣氏は、大坂城からの出撃策をとったが兵力で圧倒的に不利であり、塙直之、後藤基次、木村重成、薄田兼相ら勇将を相次いで失ってしまう。
English: Due to strenuous efforts of Nobushige SANADA and of Katsunaga MORI as well as inattention and bad cooperation among big forces, the Tokugawa forces met such a dangerous situation for a while that the Uma-jirushi (massive flags used in Japan to identify a daimyo or equally important military commander on the field of battle) of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA fell and Ieyasu himself made his mind to kill himself.
Japanese: 徳川軍は大軍ゆえの油断や連携の拙さ、真田信繁や毛利勝永らの奮闘もあって、一時は徳川家康の馬印が倒れ、家康自身も自決を覚悟するほどの危機にも見舞われた。
English: However, meanwhile, Nobushige and Katsunaga were killed in fights by the Tokugawa forces that had rebuilt the fighting system, and Osaka-jo Castle was taken by Ieyasu.
Japanese: しかしながら、やがて態勢を立て直した徳川軍により信繁・勝永らも戦死し、遂に大坂城は落城した。
English: On May 8, Hideyori TOYOTOMI and Yodo-dono, and their close associates killed themselves, and the Toyotomi clan was ruined.
Japanese: 5月8日、豊臣秀頼と淀殿、そしてその側近らは自害し、ここに豊臣氏は滅亡した。
English: There is also the theory that "Ieyasu tried to take Hideyori into his custody before he killed himself, but having been too late, threw himself down in tears."
Japanese: 「家康は秀頼の自害直前に保護しようとしたが間に合わず泣き伏したという」という説もある。
English: However, there is also the theory that this story was fabricated in a later generation to avoid the criticism that Ieyasu ruined the Toyotomi family, which had been his master family
Japanese: しかしこれは、主筋であった豊臣氏を滅ぼしたことへの非難を避けるための後世の創作であるという説もある。
English: After that, the Osaka-jo Castle was completely destroyed and the land was made flat, on which a new Osaka-jo Castle was built by the Tokugawa clan.
Japanese: その後大坂城は完全に埋め立てられ、その上に徳川氏によって新たな大坂城が再建された。
English: The shingo (the title of god) of Hokoku Daimyojin (Great Luminous Deity of Our Bountiful Country), given to Hideyoshi posthumously, was abolished, and Hokoku-jinja Shrine (in Osaka City) and Toyokuni-byo (the mausoleum for Hideyoshi) were closed and left unattended.
Japanese: 秀吉へ死後授けられた豊国大明神の神号が廃され、豊國神社(大阪市)と秀吉の廟であった豊国廟が閉鎖・放置されている。
English: After the Meiji restoration, the shingo of Hokoku Daimyojin was restored, and Nobunaga and Hideyoshi came to be enshrined in Tosho-gu Shrine as well.
Japanese: 明治維新の後に豊国大明神号は復活し、東照宮にも信長や秀吉が祀られるようになっている。
English: In 1615, Ieyasu established Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) to establish relationships between the bakufu and the Imperial court, and to clarify differences between the lord-retainer relationships in the Tokugawa shogun family and those in the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 元和(日本)元年（1615年）、家康は禁中並公家諸法度を制定して、朝幕関係の構築と徳川将軍家と天皇家の君臣の別を明らかにした。
English: In this way, Ieyasu achieved control of the entire area of Japan by the Tokugawa clan, and enabled stable control of the nation by the Tokugawa clan for 264 years
Japanese: こうして、徳川氏による日本全域の支配を実現し、徳川氏264年の天下を安泰なものとした。
English: However, it was January 21 (in the old calendar) when Ieyasu ate fried sea bream for the evening meal, and it was on April 17 (in the old calendar) that he died.
Japanese: しかし、家康が鯛の天ぷらを食べたのは1月21日_(旧暦)の夕食であり、亡くなったのは4月17日で（いずれも旧暦）であった。
English: By the way, it was at Tanaka-jo Castle (in present Tanaka, Fujieda City, Shizuoka Prefecture) that he ate the problematic fried food.
Japanese: なお、家康が問題の天ぷらを食べたのは田中城（現静岡県藤枝市田中）であった。
English: It is sometimes explained that the reason was because Ieyasu died from an poisoning from fried food.
Japanese: これは家康の死因が天ぷらによる食中毒であるためという説明がなされる場合もある。
English: However, the fact was that the cooking was prohibited because a fire was likely to be caused when a female servant in O-koku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) was cooking fried foods.
Japanese: しかしながら、実際には、大奥の侍女のひとりが天ぷらを料理していて、火事を出しかけたために禁止されたというのが事実である。
English: * There is a possibility that the Imperial decree of promotion to Junii (Junior Second Rank) with the post changed to Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) dated August 8 (in the old calendar), 1587, was issued using the name of Ieyasu TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: ※天正15年8月8日付の「従二位権大納言昇叙転任」の宣旨では豊臣家康の名義でなされた可能性がある。