nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In fact, the Amenouzume enshrined at Meta-jinja Shrine in Yamato Province has historically been widely worshipped as the Shiso Shin of entertainment.
Japanese: 事実大和国の賣太神社に祀られるアメノウズメは芸能の始祖神として信仰を集めている。
English: However, the description recorded of her dance can also be interpreted "She danced while possessed" and thus, she was not dancing in order to provoke laughter.
Japanese: だが、記紀の記述からは「神懸かって舞った」と読めるため、笑いをとることが彼女の踊りの目的ではない。
English: Indeed, what is important how she moved during the dance--that despite being a weak woman, she forgot her shyness and threw herself into the Sarugaku dance, half-naked, breasts exposed, using her heels to pound out the steps onto the ground while bending her heels towards her inner thighs and twisting her toes to face out.
Japanese: むしろ手弱女であるが、恥じらいをかなぐり捨て乳房を出して半裸となり、踵を股の内側に、つま先を外側にひねって地を踵で強く踏む申楽のステップをする動作が重要である。
English: It is more natural to think that the gods applauded the eroticism of the martial arts display, which somewhat resembled female Sumo wrestling (and indeed, the term "strong woman" can be pronounced "ozume"), and that Amaterasu Omikami's emotions were affected by the ruckus resulting from the boisterous celebration.
Japanese: その女相撲めいた武道的力（強女＝オズメ）のエロティシズムに対して喝采が贈られ、乱闘的祭り（宴会？）の喧噪に天照大神の心が動いたと見る方が自然である。
English: The original form of just such dances as the one Amenouzume gave in front of Amanoiwato could also be seen during festivals to the gods, and in particular during the ancient oracle festivals that are thought to have been conducted by shamans (kannagi).
Japanese: 天岩戸の前におけるこのような彼女の行為は、神への祭礼、特に古代のシャーマン（巫）が行ったとされる神託の祭事にその原形を見ることができる。
English: The episode of Amenouzume is a legend that tells the story of a Miko (shrine maiden) who served the ancient deities.
Japanese: いわばアメノウズメの逸話は古代の神に仕える巫女たちの姿を今に伝えるものであると考えることができる。
English: The deity in this case was the sun god at a time before being granted the divine aspect of Amaterasu, and it is thought that it is because Amenouzume's role was left unchanged that the myth continued to be passed down even after the sun god was given Amaterasu's aspect.
Japanese: この場合の神とはアマテラスという神格が与えられるより以前の古い太陽神信仰であり、後に太陽神の神格がアマテラスへと置き換わった後にもアメノウズメの立場までは置き換わらなかったために現在のような神話として伝わっている、と思われる。
English: A typical example which illustrates the above is 'Takachiho Night Kagura' conducted in Takachiho-cho, Nishiusuki-gun, Miyazaki Prefecture.
Japanese: このことを顕著に示す事例が、岩戸神楽の原型と伝えられる宮崎県西臼杵郡高千穂町の「高千穂の夜神楽」である。
English: In the beginning of this Kagura, after a maskless male dancer dances a sword dance using a Japanese sword, Amenouzume, who appears in the second half, dances a spinning Chinese sword dance called a "shiken," holding a tree branch designed to imitate bamboo leaves in her left hand and an isuzu (literally "50 bells") adorned with nusu (symbols of divinity made of cloth or paper) in her right hand.
Japanese: この神楽では、始めに素面で男性の舞手が日本刀の剣舞をした後、後半の舞で登場するアメノウズメは、左手に笹葉を模した木の枝を、右手に幣をつけた五十鈴を持って、中国の剣舞の「刺剣」の動作をしてスピン回転をしながら舞う。
English: Amaterasu is given the role of the deity (Takagimusu hi no Kami) who descends to Takagi (considered a "sotojime" or heaven-like realm) at dawn, and appears last of the 33, nor does she come on stage as a dancing deity until the very end of the performance.
Japanese: アマテラスは33番の最後に夜明けに高木（外注連）に降誕する神霊（タカギムスヒノカミ）と考えられていて、舞い手の神としては最後まで登場しない。
English: Such a dance (which was danced by a medium known as a kannagi to sacred music called kamikura, kagura, or kamiasobi) was performed to consol the deities and restore their power.
Japanese: こうした踊りは、神を慰撫し、力を回復させるための踊り（巫＝神凪／かんなぎ、神座／神楽＝かみくら／かぐら／かみあそび）である。
English: A description of 'takumini wazaogi o nashi' appears in the Nihonshoki, and it means a performer entertaining an audience with the skills bestowed upon him/her by the deities.
Japanese: 一方日本書紀においては「巧みに俳優(わざおぎ)をなし」とあり、これは神の業をその身に招いて観衆を楽しませる姿を表している。
English: As shown by the fact that the above is the origin of the word 'actor,' it is certain that these festivals of Kaguramai (dance for Kagura) were the starting point of Japanese public entertainment.
Japanese: このことが「俳優」の語源になっているように、神楽舞に連なるこれらの祭事は、日本の芸能の出発点となったことが確かである。
English: It is also known that in the ancient Daijosai Festival (which celebrated the accession of a new emperor) held by the Yamato Daio (the ancestors of the Emperors' family) of the Yamato dynasty, Miko were possessed by the spirits and performed a fast and furious dance in worship of the Daio family's soshin.
Japanese: なお、ヤマト王権のヤマト大王（天皇家の祖）が行った古代の大嘗祭においても、大王家の祖神を祀る巫女たちが同様の神懸かりした激しい踊りを踊っていたということがわかっている。
English: It can be easily understood by directing attention to the background that the Yamato dynasty worshipped the sun god = Amaterasu and professed that the dynasty descended from her.
Japanese: その背景は、大和王権が太陽神＝アマテラスを祀りかつその子孫を標榜していたことに着目すると理解しやすい。
English: The above anecdote concerning Amenouzume, in which she is said to have addressed Sarutahiko during tensonkorin and named herself Sarumenokimi after him, and this can be pointed out as evidence that Amenouzume The anecdote concerning Amenouzume recounted above, in which she is said to have addressed Sarutahiko during tensonkorin and named herself Sarumenokimi after him, can also be marshalled as evidence that Amenouzume was a deified figure of a Miko who served the sun god, because Sarutahiko was originally the sun god worshipped in Ise Province.was the deified figure of miko who served the sun god because Sarutahiko was originally the sun god admired in Ise Province.
Japanese: また天孫降臨の際にサルタヒコと応対し、その後、その名を負って猿女君を名乗ったという逸話も、サルタヒコが元々伊勢国地方で崇められていた太陽神であったとされることから、アメノウズメが太陽神に使える巫女たちを神格化したものであることの証拠とも言える。
English: The Sarume clan was traditionally involved in festivals held by the Imperial Court, and Sarumenokimi was an official position in the Jingikan (department of worship) whose duty was to dance the Kagura at court festivals.
Japanese: 猿女一族は古くから朝廷の祭祀と深く結びついていた一族であり、また猿女君は宮廷祭祀において神楽を舞うことを担当した神祇官の役職名である。
English: There are several theories as to the origins of her divine name, "Uzume," including that it means "strong woman" or that it refers to a woman who arranges her hair in the "uzu" style, a hairstyle where the hair is bound high in Chinese fashion by tsuta (hair-binding ornaments like pins or headbands).
Japanese: 神名の「ウズメ」の解釈には諸説あり、「強女」の意とする説や、中国風に髪を頭の上にあげ、蔦をかざし（髪をとめるピンやはちまき）にしてとめた「髻（ウズ）」を結った女性の意とする説などがある。
English: She is held to be the ancestor both of Sarumenokimi and of the Hieda clan, and at Meta-jinja Shrine, where the private deity of the Hieda clan is enshrined, she is called by a variety of other names, including the Shiso Shin of entertainment, Fuku no Kami, Otafuku, and Okame.
Japanese: 猿女君・稗田氏の祖とされ、稗田氏の氏神である賣太神社では、芸能の始祖神、福の神、おたふく、おかめ、等と称すると伝わる。
English: She is widely worshipped as the deity of entertainment, gigei in general and is enshrined at Geino-jinja Shrine (Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City), Tsubaki Okamiyashiro Grand Shrine (Suzuka City, Mie Prefecture) and Uzume-jinja Shrine (Matsukawa-mura, Kitaazumi-gun, Nagano Prefecture).
Japanese: 芸能・技芸全般の神として信仰されており、芸能神社（京都市右京区）、椿大神社（三重県鈴鹿市）、鈿女神社（長野県北安曇郡松川村）などで祀られている。
English: Uzume-jinja Shrine is reverentially referred to locally as "Okame-sama" and Kitahosono Station on the Oito Line, which is the closest train station to the shrine, was initially named "Okame-mae Station" back when it began operations as a station of the Shinano Railway Company (it was renamed "Kitahosono Station" when the rail line was nationalized).
Japanese: 鈿女神社は地元で「おかめ様」として崇められており、最寄駅の大糸線北細野駅は信濃鉄道の駅として開業した際「おかめ前駅」と呼ばれていた（国営化に当たって改称）。
English: In Takachiho-cho, Nishiusuki-gun, Miyazaki Prefecture, there exists Aratate-jinja Shrine, located in Takachiho-cho, Nishiusuki-gun, Miyazaki Prefecture, is believed to be the old site of Aratate-gu where Amenouzume married Sarutahiko, and Uzume and Sarutahiko are enshrined there as the deities of international marriage and safe delivery.Aratate-jinja Shrine, which is believed to be the old site of Aratate-gu where Amenouzume married with Sarutahiko, and Uzume and Sarutahiko are enshrined there as the deity of international marriage and safe delivery.
Japanese: 宮崎県西臼杵郡の高千穂町には、アメノウズメがサルタヒコと結婚した場、荒立宮の後と伝わる荒立神社が存在し、国際結婚・安産の神として、ウズメとサルタヒコが神体となっている。
English: The Doso-shin (guardian deities of travelers), granite sculptures of which are set at village boundaries and/or road junctions, are said to be Sarutahiko and Amenouzume.
Japanese: 村境や道路の分岐点などに立てられる道祖神は、サルタヒコとアメノウズメであるともされる。
English: Daikokuten means Maha kala (Sanskrit:, transliteration: 摩訶迦羅) that is a reincarnation of Shiva, a deity of the Hindu religion.
Japanese: 大黒天（だいこくてん）とは、ヒンドゥー教のシヴァ神の化身であるマハーカーラ（サンスクリット語：、音写：摩訶迦羅など）のことである。
English: It is a deity of the Shinto religion that was created by combining Daikokuten of Mikkyo and Okuninushi no mikoto, so called syncretism of Buddhism and Shinto, and known as one of Shichifukujin (Seven Deities of Good Luck).
Japanese: 密教の大黒天が元になり、大国主命と神仏習合して出来た神道の神で、七福神の一柱としても知られる。
English: Maha kala, an incarnation of the Hindu deity Shiva, was adopted into the Indian Mikkyo religion.
Japanese: ヒンドゥー教のシヴァ神の化身であるマハーカーラは、インド密教に取り入れられた。
English: It was named Daikokuten (大黒天) because "Maha" means big (大) (or great) and "kala" means time or black (黒) (darkness (暗黒)).
Japanese: “マハー”とは大（もしくは偉大なる）、“カーラ”とは時あるいは黒（暗黒）を意味するので大黒天と名づく。
English: In Japan, the term of Daikokuten normally refers to Japan's own deity that was created by combining it with Okuninushi no mikoto of the Shinto religion, such as the statue of Daikokuten (大国天: Daikokuten) enshrined at Kanda Myojin Shrine.
Japanese: 日本で大黒天といえば一般的には神田明神の大黒天（大国天）像に代表されるように神道の大国主と神仏習合した日本独自の神をさすことが多い。
English: As a deity that presides over violations of Buddhist precepts and battles, Maha kala resides in shirin (cemeteries), excels in ongyo (disappearance and concealment) and flying, and devours blood and meat.
Japanese: 破戒・戦闘を司る神としては、尸林に住み隠形・飛行に通じて、血肉を喰らう神である。
English: A deity of fortune, Maha kala is enshrined in Indian Temples as an incarnation of Vishnu or Jiten.
Japanese: 財福としてはヴィシュヌや地天の化身として、インドの寺院にて祀られる。
English: Since Mahakala--or in other words, Shiva--was introduced into Mikkyo without modification, Daikokuten was initially depicted in the same manner as Shiva, showing his four hands holding a trident, a staff, a ring, and a rope.
Japanese: シヴァ神のマハーカーラがそのまま密教に取り入れたため、初期の大黒天はシヴァと同様に四本の手に三叉戟、棒、輪、索をそれぞれ持った像として描かれた。
English: Later, however, Brahma and Vishnu were absorbed into Daikokuten (Maha kala) to create a figure with three faces, six arms, and an angry countenance that corresponded to the Trimurti of the Hindu religion (Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva).
Japanese: さらには、ブラフマーとヴィシュヌをも吸収していき、ヒンドゥー教の三神一体（プラフマー・ヴィシュヌ・シヴァ）に対応した三面六臂の憤怒相の大黒天（マハーカーラ）も登場した。
English: In Tibetan Buddhism which succeeded the latter Mikkyo, there is a variety of Daikokuten statues such as Ichimen nihizo (Buddhist statue with one face and two arms), Ichimen shihizo (Buddhist statue with one face and four arms), Ichimen roppizo (Buddhist statue with one face and six arms), Sanmen nihizo (Buddhist statue with three faces and two arms), Sanmen shihizo (Buddhist statue with three faces and four arms) and Sanmen roppizo.
Japanese: 後期密教を継承したチベット仏教では、大黒天（マハーカーラ）の像容は多彩であり、一面ニ臂・一面四臂・一面六臂・三面ニ臂・三面四臂・三面六臂などがある。
English: Daikokuten eventually began to be depicted as the Dharma guardian who defeats Hinduism and ensures the victory of Buddhism by crushing Shiva and his wife Parvati (or Negasha, in some versions) underfoot--despite the ironic fact that Daikokuten originally evolved from Shiva.
Japanese: （シヴァに由来しながらも）シヴァとその妻パールヴァティー、もしくはガネーシャを踏みつけてヒンドゥー教を降伏させて仏教を勝利させる護法尊としての姿が主流となった。
English: In Tibet, Mongolia and Nepal, Daikokuten was worshipped by traders as a god of wealth and in Tibet, a folk belief in Daikokuten as a god of good luck began to spread.
Japanese: チベット・モンゴル・ネパールでは貿易商から財の神としての信仰を集め、チベットでは福の神としての民間信仰も生まれた。
English: Daikokuten was introduced into Japan together with Mikkyo and was believed to be one of the guardian deities of Buddhism called Tenbu.
Japanese: 日本には密教の伝来とともに伝わり、天部と言われる仏教の守護神達の一人とされた。
English: But the reason many Daikokuten statues in Japan feature fukutokuso (a happy, contented facial expression) is due to the influence of China, where of the three aspects of Mahakala the one most emphasized and worshipped was that of wealth.
Japanese: ただし、日本で福徳相が多いのは、中国においてマハーカーラの3つの性格のうち、財福を強調して祀られたものが、日本に伝えられたことによる。
English: Daikokuten was originally expressed as the statue of Ichimen nihi or Sanmen roppi with a blue-black or black body and funnuso (fury).
Japanese: 本来の像容は、一面二臂もしくは三面六臂で、青黒（しょうこく）か黒色で忿怒（いかり）の相で表現される。
English: In Gharba-mandala, Daikokuten is depicted as defeating Shiva and his sacred white buffalo, Nandin (in China or Japan, Nandin was incorrectly drawn as a goat or rabbit because a white buffalo was not recognized there) with an angry expression on his face.
Japanese: 胎蔵界曼荼羅での大黒天は、シヴァとその聖なる白牛ナンディン（白い水牛が中国や日本で認識されずに、山羊や兎の姿で誤描写）を降伏させている憤怒相で描かれている。
English: In the "Daitokuten jinho," believed to be a fake sutra created in Tang-period China, he is characterized as god of both wealth and the kitchen, and is depicted wearing eboshi (the formal cap for court nobles) and hakama with his right fist at his side and his left hand clutching a large bag he is slinging over his left shoulder.
Japanese: なお唐代成立の偽経とされる「大黒天神法」には、烏帽子・袴姿で右手の拳を腰に当てて、左手で大きな袋を左肩に背負う厨房神・財神として描かれている。
English: Almost all statues have just one face, but as belief in Daitokuten proliferated throughout Japan, Sanmen (three-faced) Daikokuten, which combine Daikokuten, Bishamonten, and Benzaiten into one body, began to appear.
Japanese: 像容はほとんどが一面だが、日本で信仰が広がると毘沙門天・弁才天と合体した三面大黒天も誕生した。
English: Though uncommon, there also exists statues with funnuso such as the standing statue of Daikokuten enshrined at Kanzeon-ji Temple (Fukuoka Prefecture).
Japanese: また、まれに観世音寺（福岡県）にある大黒天立像のように憤怒相の像も見られる。
English: Incidentally, the contents of the bag symbolizing Daikokuten is said to be seven kinds of treasures.
Japanese: ちなみに大黒のシンボルでもある袋の中身は、七宝が入っているといわれている。
English: In Japan, because the daikoku (lit. "great black") from Daikokuten sounded the same as the daikoku (lit. "great land") from the ancient Shinto deity Okuninushi no mikoto (which can also be written "Daikoku no shu"), the distinction between the two blurred, and they were eventually combined.
Japanese: 日本においては、大黒の「だいこく」が大国に通じるため、古くから神道の神である大国主と混同され、習合した。
English: Later the destructive aspect dropped away to leave only the abundant harvest aspect, which is how Daikokuten, known as "Daikokusama," became the god presiding over food and wealth, and was counted one of the seven Shichifukujin.
Japanese: 後に豊穣の面が残り、七福神の一柱の大黒様として知らる食物・財福を司る神となった。
English: Starting in the Muromachi period, belief in Daikokuten began to merge with folk belief in "Okuninushi no mikoto," which is why Daikokuten statues with smiling faces started to appear.
Japanese: 室町時代以降は「大国主命（おおくにぬしのみこと）」の民族的信仰と習合されて、微笑の相が加えられた。
English: Beginning in the Edo period, statues of Daikokuten showing him perched atop a bag of rice, perhaps the most well-known type of Daikokuten statue today, began to appear.
Japanese: さらに江戸時代になると米俵に乗るといった現在よく知られる像容となった。
English: Nowadays, Daikokuten is usually depicted as a very wealthy man standing on a bag of rice and holding both a fukubukuro (lit. "lucky bag") and an uchidenokuzochi (a magic wand).
Japanese: 現在においては一般には米俵に乗り福袋とうちでのこづちを持った微笑の長者形で表される。
English: Daikokuten is shown with a bag slung over his shoulder is because according to the legend of Inaba no Shirousagi--which marks the god's first appearance in Japanese mythology--Okuninushi no mikoto would carry a bag filled with the personal items of the yasogami (lit. "eighty gods", meaning a large group of deities).
Japanese: 袋を背負っているのは、大国主が日本神話で最初に登場する因幡の白兎の説話において、八十神たちの荷物を入れた袋を持っていたためである。
English: Along the same vein, the rat became Daikokuten's divine messenger because of a myth that a rat saved Okuninushi from being burnt to death after the god was tricked by Susanoo (for more information, see the myth of Okuninushi no mikoto's visit to Nenokuni, lit. "root land").
Japanese: また、大国主がスサノオの計略によって焼き殺されそうになった時にネズミが助けたという説話（大国主の神話根の国訪問を参照）から、鼠が大黒天の神使であるとされる。
English: Statues of both Daikokuten and Suserihime no mikoto, his wife, are enshrined as a married couple at Izusan-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 伊豆山神社（伊豆山権現）では、夫が大国主大神で妻が神須勢理毘売命（すせりひめのみこと）である夫婦大黒天像がある。
English: Although both Daikoku and Ebisu are independent deities of Shichifukujin, they are usually worshipped as a pair in the same way as the pair of Jurojin (deity of longevity) and Fukurokuju (tall headed deity of happiness, wealth and long life).
Japanese: 大黒とえびすは各々七福神の一柱であるが、寿老人と福禄寿が二柱で一組で信仰される事と同様に、一組で信仰されることが多い。
English: This is believed to be due to the fact that Daikoku is the deity of agriculture that brings about a good harvest and Ebisu is the deity of fishery that brings about a plentiful catch.
Japanese: このことは大黒が五穀豊穣の農業の神である面と恵比寿が大漁追福の漁業の神である面に起因すると考えられている。
English: Daikokuten has also been worshipped as a deity of commerce because the products of agriculture and fishery used to be the main commodities for trading.
Japanese: また商業においても農産物や水産物は主力であったことから商売の神としても信仰されるようになっていった。
English: In Shinto folk religion, various beliefs exist about kodakara (children) and kozukuri (making babies); under such beliefs, statues of Daikokuten atop a bag of rice (see photograph) are thought to represent the male sex organ.
Japanese: 民間の神道においてや子作り信仰と呼ばれるものがあり、大黒天の像が、米俵に載っている（写真参照）のは実は男性器をあらわしている言われる。
English: More specifically, folk belief holds that his hat, body, and rice bag represent the tip of the penis, the penis itself, and the scrotum, respectively.
Japanese: 具体的には帽子は男性器の先端部分をあらわし、体が男性器本体、そして米俵が陰嚢であるとの俗説がある。
English: Hoshaku-ji Temple (Daikoku Tenpo-ji Temple) (Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture)/Oyamazaki Daikokuten/Kyoto rokudaikokuten
Japanese: 宝積寺（大黒天宝寺）（京都府乙訓郡大山崎町）大山崎大黒天/京都六大黒天
English: Kannazuki (Kaminashizuki) is an another name for October (lunar calendar) in Japan.
Japanese: 神無月（かんなづき、かみなしづき）は、日本における10月(旧暦)の異称である。
English: Although there are several views on the origin of the word 'Kannazuki (神無月)' (refer to October), ' 神無' is a Chinese character used as a phonetic symbol rather than for its meaning.
Japanese: 「神無月」の語源には諸説ある（10月を参照）が、「神無」は宛て字である。
English: But because the term is written with the Chinese characters "神無" (lit. "there are no gods"), it is widely believed to be a month during which the deities disappear from the land.
Japanese: しかし、「神無」という宛て字から「神のいない月」という解釈が広く行われるようになった。
English: In other words, during the month of October all the regions of Japan other than Izumo are emptied of their gods, because all the gods in the entire land assemble at Izumo Taisha Shrine to discuss the year's events.
Japanese: すなわち、出雲大社に全国の神(神道)が集まって一年の事を話し合うため、出雲以外には神がいなくなる、というものである。
English: Consequently, the etymological explanation of the term as coming from "the month of no gods" has become quite deep-rooted.
Japanese: ここから逆に、「神のいない月」が神無月の語源であるとする説も根強い。
English: Yet in reality, Izumo Taisha Shrine onshi (priests) have been actively trying to spread this interpretation throughout the country since the medieval period, despite the fact that the term actually arose when the Chinese characters "神無" were used phonetically to replicate the sound--not the meaning--of "kaminashi."
Japanese: しかしながら、これは中世以降、出雲大社の御師が全国に広めた説であり、「神無」の宛字から生まれた附会である。
English: Furthermore, in Kitakyushu the custom used to be for unmarried men and women to seclude themselves in shrines on the days when the gods departed for and returned home from Izumo.
Japanese: また、北九州では神が出雲に向かう日と帰ってくる日には未婚の男女がお籠りをする風習があった。
English: Another belief holds that only Kunitsukami--deities belonging to Okuninushi line--go to Izumo, as does yet another theory according to which Amatsukami, including Amaterasu Omikami (the sun goddess), join them in going to Izumo (there is also an oral tradition which claims that the Amaterasu enshrined at Amaterasu-jinja Shrine in Tsushima is the last to arrive and the first to depart among the gods that visit Izumo during Kannazuki).
Japanese: また、出雲に行くのは大国主系の国津神だけであるという説や、天照大神を始めとする天津神も出雲に行くという説もある（対馬の天照神社の天照は神無月に出雲に参集する諸神の最後に参上し、最初に退出すると言う伝承がある）。
English: It was amidst such theories that the concept of a "Rusugami," or "god who remains home," was developed.
Japanese: その中で「留守神」と呼ばれる留守番をする神も考え出されるようになった。
English: Ebisu is most often thought to be a Rusugami, though some regions celebrate Ebisuko, or gatherings at which people worship Ebisu, during the tenth month.
Japanese: 一般に留守神にはえびすが宛てられ、10月に恵比須を祀るえびす講を行う地方もある。
English: In Izumo, Shinto rituals associated with "Kamiarizuki" are held during the tenth month--according to the lunar calendar--at Izumo Taisha Shrine as well as several other shrines.
Japanese: 出雲では、出雲大社ほかいくつかの神社で旧暦10月に「神在月」の神事が行われる。
English: The Kamimukae-sai Festival, a festival to welcome the gods who have gathered together from all over the country, is held on the night of October 10 (under the lunar calendar) at Inasahama where, according to the mythical accounts given in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, Kuniyuzuri took place.
Japanese: まず、10月10日(旧暦)の夜、記紀神話において国譲りが行われたとされる稲佐浜で、全国から参集する神々を迎える「神迎祭」が行われる。
English: Following this, the Kamiari-sai Festival is held from October 11 thru 17 (according to the lunar calendar) based on the belief that the gods are holding a meeting at Izumo Taisha Shrine during this period.
Japanese: その後、旧暦10月11日から17日まで出雲大社で会議が行われるとして、その間「神在祭」が行われる。
English: On October 18 of the lunar calendar, the 'Karasade-matsuri Festival,' a festival to bid farewell to the deities, is held in the haiden (a building for worshipping deities) of Izumo Taisha Shrine.
Japanese: 旧暦10月18日には、各地に帰る神々を見送る「神等去出祭」が出雲大社拝殿で行われる。
English: Other than Izumo Taisha Shrine, the Kamiari-sai Festival is held at Honomisaki-jinja Shrine (Taisha-cho, Izumo City), Asayama-jinja Shrine (Asayama-cho, Izumo City), Mankusen-jinja Shrine (Hikawa-cho), Kanbara-jinja Shrine (Unnan City), Sata-jinja Shrine (Kashima-cho, Matsue City), Mezuki-jinja Shrine (Saika-cho, Matsue City), Kamosu-jinja Shrine (Oba-cho, Matsue City) and Taga-jinja Shrine (Matsue City) (Asakumi-cho, Matsue City).
Japanese: 他に、日御碕神社（出雲市大社町）・朝山神社（出雲市朝山町）・万九千神社（斐川町）・神原神社（雲南市）・佐太神社（松江市鹿島町）・売豆紀神社（松江市雑賀町）・神魂神社（松江市大庭町）・多賀神社(松江市)（松江市朝酌町）でも神在祭にまつわる神事が行われる。
English: The sakaki (cleyera japonica) is an evergreen tree that belongs to the cleyera species of the theaceae family.
Japanese: サカキ（榊Cleyerajaponica）は、ツバキ科サカキ属の常緑高木。
English: The tree has thick, oval-shaped alternate leaves that have a smooth, leather-like surface and no serrated edges.
Japanese: 葉は互生で、厚みのある革質でのっぺりとし表面で鋸歯は全くなく、きれいな楕円形である。
English: The hamahisakaki (eurya emarginata), which is closely related to the eurya japonica, grows wild on the coast and is often planted along streets.
Japanese: ヒサカキに近縁のハマヒサカキ(Euryaemarginata)は海岸に野生し、道路の植え込みなどによく使われる。
English: Sakaki branches are also offered on household altars and replaced twice a month, on the first and fifteenth of every month (up thru the Edo period, they were replaced on the first and fifteenth of each month according to the old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 家庭の神棚にも捧げられ、月に2度、1日と15日（江戸時代までは旧暦の1日と15日）に取り替える習わしになっている。
English: Sakaki began to be used in Shinto rituals because since ancient times people believed that gods sometimes choose to dwell in plants, and what's more, branches with pointed leaves (like the sakaki branch) are considered yorishiro (objects that represent the gods).
Japanese: 神事で使用される様になったのは、古来から、植物には神が宿り、特に先端がとがった枝先は神が降りる依り代とされた。
English: Branches from evergreens like young pines and michelia compressa were also used until recently, when the sakaki and hisakaki grew in popularity thanks to the fact that they are the most commonly occuring planets with the sort of pointed leaves appropriate to be yorishiro.
Japanese: 若松やオガタマノキなど様々な常緑植物が用いられたが、近年は、もっとも身近な植物で枝先が尖っていて神のヨリシロに相応しいサカキやヒサカキが定着している
English: The name "sakaki" (lit. "border tree") is thought to be referring to the notion of the tree as standing on the border between the gods and humankind.
Japanese: 語源は、神と人との境であることから「境木（さかき）」の意であるとされる。
English: Some suggest that the name comes from 'proliferating trees' because it is an evergreen tree and proliferates, but many scholars consider it as far-fetched and disagree.
Japanese: 常緑樹であり繁えることから「繁木（さかき）」とする説もあるが、多くの学者は後世の附会であるとして否定している。