nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Thanks to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), Naiki (Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) and Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) developed a method of collecting records and official documents, although it was not yet perfect; this development led to the collection of records rich in content.
Japanese: また、律令制が整えられたことにより、内記や外記、図書寮などに不十分ながらも記録や公文書が蒐集される仕組が形成されてきた事が記録の充実をもたらすことになる。
English: The brief biographies were added to some of the obituaries, and this style was followed by the succeeding history books.
Japanese: 一部の人物の死亡記事に簡単な略伝を付し、これは後続の史書に踏襲された。
English: The article on the disinherited Imperial Prince Sawara, by which the Emperor was distressed, was once included in the book, however it was deleted along with the article on the assassination of FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu; both articles triggered the incident.
Japanese: 天皇の心痛となった早良親王廃太子の記事は、事件の発端となった藤原種継暗殺事件とともに、いったん記載されたものが後に削除された。
English: The deleted articles were re-entered during the reign of Emperor Heijo, but Emperor Saga deleted them again.
Japanese: 削除部は平城天皇の代に復活したが、嵯峨天皇によって再び消されて今に至る。
English: This seems to have had something to do with the legend that Imperial Prince Sawara had become a vengeful ghost.
Japanese: この背景には早良親王が怨霊になったとする説と関係があると言われている。
English: Some people say that an article about FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu, a rebel in the Fujiwara no Hirotsugu War, was presented in a good light.
Japanese: また、藤原広嗣の乱における謀反人・藤原広嗣に対する好意的な記事が含まれているという説もある。
English: Moreover, there is a view that articles about both a plot by the oracle of Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine and Dokyo, a Buddhist priest, contained political intent.
Japanese: さらに、宇佐八幡宮神託事件及び道鏡に関する記述に政治的意図が含まれているという説もある。
English: Compared with "Nihon Shoki," however, Shoku Nihongi is considered much more reliable.
Japanese: ただし、『日本書紀』と比べれば、続紀の信頼性はずっと高いと考えられている。
English: It is the first history book which was organized as a set of accurate, full-scale records, elucidating various aspects of the "Tenpyo culture."
Japanese: “天平文化”をとりまく諸側面を解明し、本格的な実録として最初に整備された史書である。
English: The former consisted of the categorized original documents that had been omitted from the book.
Japanese: 前者は本文に掲載しなかった文書類を原文そのままに項目別に配列したものである。
English: Utsuho Monogatari ("うつほ物語," sometimes entitled "宇津保物語") is a full-length tale written in the mid Heian period in Japan.
Japanese: うつほ物語（『宇津保物語』と表記されることもある）は、日本の平安時代中期に成立した長編物語。
English: It inherits the characteristics of a tale of fantasy found in "Taketori Monogatari" (the Tale of Bamboo Cutter), and is the oldest full-length tale in Japanese literature.
Japanese: 『竹取物語』にみられた伝奇的性格を受け継ぎ、日本文学史上最古の長編物語である。
English: The story develops around the music of a 'koto' (Japanese traditional harp), which is one of the musical instruments whose players were considered to be educated persons among the nobles at that time.
Japanese: 当時の貴族にとって、その演奏が教養でもあった楽器のひとつ「琴」の音楽をめぐって物語が展開していく。
English: Another one of the characteristics is that there are many descriptions, in the manner of a diary which recorded the annual events at that time.
Japanese: 当時の年中行事を記した日記的な記述が多くみられる点も特徴のひとつである。
English: KIYOHARA no Toshikage is sent to the Tang Dynasty China as a Kentoshi, but is shipwrecked on the way and drifts ashore on Persia.
Japanese: 遣唐使清原俊蔭は渡唐の途中で難破のため波斯国（ペルシア）へ漂着する。
English: Toshikage obtains the essence of the hikin (the magical harps) from a heavenly being and a mountain hermit, and after twenty-three years he comes back to Japan.
Japanese: 天人・仙人から秘琴の技を伝えられた俊蔭は、23年を経て日本へ帰着した。
English: Toshikage's daughter bears a child to FUJIWARA no Kanemasa, who is a son of the Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state), but as she is very poor, in the cavern of a tree in the forest of Kitayama she raises up her child (FUJIWARA no Nakatada) and teaches him the essence of the hikin.
Japanese: 俊蔭の娘は、太政大臣の子息（藤原兼雅）との間に子をもうけたが、貧しさをかこち、北山の森の木の空洞-うつほで子（藤原仲忠）を育てながら秘琴の技を教えた。
English: In those days, MINAMOTO no Masayori's daughter, Atemiya, has an excellent reputation and there are continuous proposals for marriage.
Japanese: そのころ、源正頼娘の貴宮（あて宮）が大変な評判で求婚者が絶えなかった。
English: The proposers include Togu (the Crown Prince), Nakatada, MINAMOTO no Suzushi, MINAMOTO no Sanetada, MINAMOTO no Nakasumi, Ueno no miya, and Takamoto MIHARU, most of whom fall behind one after another, and although Nakatada and Suzushi, who recognize each other as rivals, have a match of the fantastic hikin in the Imperial court, Atemiya enters the Togu's court and gets to be called a Higyosha (one of the royal halls).
Japanese: 求婚者には春宮（皇太子）、仲忠、源涼、源実忠、源仲純、上野宮、三春高基らがいたが続々と脱落し、互いにライバルと認める仲忠と涼が宮中で見事な秘琴の勝負を繰りひろげたものの、結局、あて宮は春宮に入内し、飛香舎と呼ばれるようになった。
English: Nakatada asks his mother to initiate Inumiya into the secret of the hikin, and Inumiya masters the special technique of the hikin
Japanese: 仲忠は母にいぬ宮へ秘琴を伝えるようお願いし、いぬ宮は琴の秘技を身につける。
English: Inumiya invites two of the Retired Emperors, Saga no in and Suzaku no in, to her residence to perform the hikin, and makes a deep impression on all of the guests; this scene is the end of the tale.
Japanese: いぬ宮は2人の上皇、嵯峨院と朱雀院を邸宅に招いて秘琴を披露し、一同に深い感動を与えるシーンで物語は終わる。
English: This article shows both the titles and the order of the volumes according to "Utsuho Monogatari 1 to 3" (Iwanami Shoten, Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition Vols. 10 to 12, revised and annotated by Tama KONO) (Letters' readings are expressed with the modern kana usage).
Japanese: ここでは各巻の名称、配列順とも岩波書店の『宇津保物語　一〜三』（日本古典文学大系巻10-12、河野多麻校注）に従った（読みがなは現代仮名遣いとした）。
English: Ume no Hanagasa (also known as Kasugamoude, or Katsura)
Japanese: 梅の花笠（むめのはながさ）／別名：春日詣（かすがもうで）、桂（かつら）
English: Hatsuaki (also known as Sumai no Sechie, or Naishi no Kami)
Japanese: 初秋（はつあき）／別名：相撲の節会（すまいのせちえ）、内侍のかみ（ないしのかみ）
English: Tsutsumi Chunagon Monogatari (The Riverside Counselor's Tales) is a collection of short stories edited in the late Heian period or later in Japan.
Japanese: 堤中納言物語（つつみちゅうなごんものがたり）は、日本の平安時代後期以降に成立した短編物語集。
English: Except for "Osaka Koenu Gon Chunagon," the authors of all ten pieces and exactly when they were written are unknown.
Japanese: 10編中の1編『逢坂越えぬ権中納言』以外の著者・詳細な成立年代は不詳である。
English: However, "Fuyo Wakashu" (collection of Japanese poems based on fictional stories), edited in 1271, contains poetry from the same, 'Hanazakura Oru Shosho (Chusho),' 'Haizumi,' 'Hodohodo no Keso,' and 'Kaiawase.'
Japanese: ただし、文永八年(1271年)成立の『風葉和歌集』に同編および「花桜折る少将（中将）」「はいずみ」「ほどほどの懸想」「貝合はせ」から歌が入集している。
English: None of the ten stories has a character called Tsutsumi Chunagon.
Japanese: なお、10編の物語のなかのいずれにも「堤中納言」という人物は登場していない。
English: According to one theory, it was called 'Tsutsumi no Monogatari' because various stories (monogatari) were wrapped (tsutsumi) so that the stories might not come apart; then it was related to a real person, Tsutsumi Chunagon (FUJIWARA no Kanesuke) and in the end became 'Tsutsumi Chunagon Monogatari.'
Japanese: 複数の物語をばらけないように包んでおいたため「つつみの物語」と称され、それがいつの間にか実在の堤中納言（藤原兼輔）に関連づけられて考えられた結果「つつみ」中納言物語となったのではないか。
English: Story line: the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), who is a perfect young noble in every way, visits an imperial princess whom he falls for.
Japanese: あらすじ：諸事にわたって完璧な貴公子である中納言が、恋する女宮の側まで参上する。
English: Depending on the manuscript, the official rank of the main character may be shosho (major general), chusho (lieutenant general), or taisho (general), and the title differs accordingly.
Japanese: 主人公の官位が伝本によって「少将」「中将」「大将」と異なり、題名もそれに従って異なっている。
English: Story line: The main character, Shosho, falls for a beautiful princess and tries to snatch her before she enters the court as an Imperial Consort bride.
Japanese: あらすじ：主人公の少将は美しい姫君に恋をし、彼女が入内する前に盗み出そうとする。
English: According to one theory, the story is based on Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) FUJIWARA no Munesuke, called 'Hachikai no Otodo' (Beekeeper Minister of State), and his daughter.
Japanese: 一説には「蜂飼大臣」と称された太政大臣藤原宗輔とその娘がモデルであるとも言われている。
English: Nausicaa of animation cartoonist Hayao MIYAZAKI's "Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind" was inspired by the princess.
Japanese: アニメーション作家宮崎駿の｢風の谷のナウシカ」のナウシカはこの姫君から着想を得ている。
English: However, even after her Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls), she does not wear make up, paint her eyebrows, paint her teeth black, or write hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters).
Japanese: しかし、裳着(元服に相当)を済ませたにも拘らず化粧せず、お歯黒を付けず、引眉せず、平仮名を書かず。
English: Story line: When incense is burned to beguile the tedium and boredom of the Empress (or court lady), Saisho no Chujo (Consultant Captain), who is a younger brother of the Empress, and nyobo (court ladies) Chunagon no kimi and Shosho no kimi, talk together about touching episodes they have heard before.
Japanese: あらすじ：中宮（または女御）の無聊と徒然を慰めようと薫き物を試みたことをきっかけに、中宮の弟である宰相の中将と、中納言の君・少将の君といった女房らが今まで見聞きしたしみじみとする話を語り合う。
English: Story line: A Buddhist priest wrote a long letter to borrow goods; the contents of his letter are astonishing.
Japanese: あらすじ：ある僧が他人から品物を借りるために書いた長い手紙は、驚き呆れるようなものだった。
English: Story line: Sisters gather at one residence and talk about the landladies whom they serve.
Japanese: あらすじ：ある屋敷につどった姉妹達が、それぞれ仕えている女主人のうわさ話をする。
English: It is a short story of 'Suminuri (putting black ink) tale' style seen in 'Heichugoto,' the 19th section of "Kohon Setsuwashu" (Collection of Old Tales), Kyogen (farce performed during a Noh cycle) 'Suminuri.'
Japanese: 『古本説話集』第十九段「平中事」、狂言「墨塗」などに見られるモチーフ「墨塗説話」系の短編。
English: The first part of the story is inspired by tales of two wives seen in the 23rd story of "Ise Monogatari" (The Tales of Ise).
Japanese: この段では、話の前半は『伊勢物語』二十三段などに見られる二人妻物語を基調とする。
English: One day, when he visits his new wife's place, she is in a hurry and mistakenly applies eyebrow powder on her face instead of face powder.
Japanese: ある日新しい妻の所へ行くと、慌てた妻ははいずみ（眉墨）を白粉と間違えて顔に塗ってしまう。
English: Story line: Love story of three couples in various social classes: a girl and a Kodoneri Warawa (Juvenile who served Court nobles and samurai families), and a samurai and a nyobo (court lady) and a head lieutenant general and an imperial princess.
Japanese: あらすじ：女童と小舎人童の恋から、侍と女房、頭中将と宮の姫、という主従3組の恋が進んでゆく。
English: In this story, kaiawase is the original kaiawase game, collecting and competing with rare and beautiful shells; it is not the so-called Kaioi (pairing shells) known today.
Japanese: この物語における貝合は、珍しく美しい貝を集めて競い合う本来の貝合であり、現在知られているいわゆる貝覆いではない。
English: Story line: Kurodo no Shosho (major general) finds out by chance that a princess and her half sister play kaiawase.
Japanese: あらすじ：蔵人少将は、偶然ある姫君とその腹違いの姉が貝合をすることを知る。
English: He sympathizes with the princess, who had lost her mother, and takes her side by secretly bringing wonderful shells.
Japanese: 母の居ない姫君の境遇に同情した少将は、こっそりと素晴らしい貝を用立てて、味方してやる。
English: Story line: Two major generals are brothers in law, married to sisters, and are commuting husbands.
Japanese: あらすじ：姉妹の姫君にそれぞれ通って相婿となっている二人の少将がいた。
English: However, whether it is just a placed fragment, inserted intentionally or added at transcription, is unknown.
Japanese: しかしこれがただの断片の混入なのか、意図的に置かれたものなのか、あるいは写本時の書きさしなのかについては不明である。
English: "Torikaebaya Monogatari" is a narrative that was completed in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 『とりかへばや物語』（とりかえばやものがたり）は平安時代後期に成立した物語である。
English: One is a boy who is diffident and feminine, while the other is a cheerful girl who is like a boy.
Japanese: 1人は内気で女性的な性格の男児、もう1人は快活で男性的な性格の女児。
English: The father feels sad, saying, 'I wish I could exchange their personalities,' and because of their inborn characters the boy is brought up as a 'princess' and the girl is treated as a 'young prince.'
Japanese: 父は2人を「取り替えたいなあ」と嘆いており、この天性の性格のため、男児は「姫君」として、女児は「若君」として育てられることとなった。
English: As soon as the girl wearing male clothes enters the Imperial Court as 'a young prince,' she shows her ability and takes the high road to success, while she is still young.
Japanese: 男装の女児である「若君」は男性として宮廷に出仕するや、あふれる才気を発揮し、若くして出世街道を突き進む。
English: However, the wife, who is unaware of the truth, becomes intimate with her husband's best friend, Saisho no Chujo (Consultant Captain), and consequently their marriage collapses.
Japanese: しかし、事情を知らない妻は「若君」の親友宰相中将と通じ、夫婦の仲は破綻する。
English: Meanwhile, the 'princess' falls in love with his master, a consort of the Emperor, and has relations with her, and both of them begin to agonize over their innate characteristics.
Japanese: 一方「姫君」は主君女東宮に恋慕し密かに関係を結んで、それぞれ次第に自らの天性に苦悩し始める。
English: At last, Saisho no Chujo reveals what the 'young prince' really is, which changes the situation noticeably.
Japanese: そして、とうとう「若君」が宰相中将に素性を見破られてしまうことで、事態は大きく変化していく。
English: The 'young prince,' who is pregnant by Saisho no Chujo and in a dilemma, comes to wear female dress again, and eventually gives birth to a baby, being sheltered by Saisho no Chujo.
Japanese: 宰相中将の子を妊娠し進退窮まった「若君」は、宰相中将に匿われて女の姿に戻り密かに出産する。
English: Having begun to wear male clothes again, the 'princess' finds the lost 'young prince' and helps 'him' to escape from Saisho no Chujo.
Japanese: 一方「姫君」も元の男性の姿に戻り、行方知れずとなっていた「若君」を探し当てて宰相中将の下からの逃亡を手助けする。
English: After they get their original gender identities back, they carve out their future and attain their highest social positions respectively: He became Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), while she became Chugu (the second consort of the Emperor).
Japanese: 本来の性に戻った2人は、それぞれ自らの未来を切り開き、関白・中宮という人臣の最高位に至った。
English: It is considered that the original story of Torikaebaya Monogatari was created before 1180 but that it was ultimately rewritten through posterity, having been passed down to the present day.
Japanese: とりかへばや物語の原型は1180年以前に成立したと考えられているが、その後後世の手により改作が加えられ、現在の形のものが伝わっている。
English: It is possible to assume the process of writing by the descriptions of both Mumyozoshi (critique of tales), which was completed at the beginning of the 13th century, and Fuyo Wakashu (collection of Japanese poems based on fictional stories), which was compiled at the end of the same century.
Japanese: この経緯については、13世紀初頭に成立した無名草子や同世紀後半に成立した風葉和歌集の記述から推測可能である。
English: The setting for this story in which a man and woman exchange their roles is not realistic, but the portrayal of the characters, particularly these two people, is realistic and multilayered, so it's truly worth reading even today.
Japanese: この作品は、男性と女性が入れ替わるという非現実的な設定である反面、2人を中心とする人間関係の描写は現実的かつ重層的であり、現在でも十分に味わい深く鑑賞できる。
English: The scene in which Saisho no Chujo reveals the truth about a lady in the male clothes, or 'young prince,' and has a relationship with her is one of the climactics in this work, but it's also one of the reasons why this work is considered 'decadent.'
Japanese: 特に男装の女児である「若君」が宰相中将に素性を知られ身を許してしまうシーンは、本作品のクライマックスの一つでもあり、本作品が「退廃的」と批評される一因ともなっている。
English: At this point, the work has left a strong impression on people, and therefore survived among the many stories that had been written in those days, even though the story belongs to a genre that hasn't survived well.
Japanese: この点が、当時書かれた数量に対して現存作品の少ないジャンルであるにも関らず、人々へ強い印象を残し、当時、数多く作られた物語の中で本作品を現在まで命脈を保たせる原因となったのであろう。
English: Though people have read the story since old days, it was treated critically for a certain period of time in the modern times.
Japanese: また、古くから読み続けられてきた作品ではあるが、近代の一時期批判的に扱われていた。
English: In the history of Japanese literature in the Meiji period, Sakutaro FUJIOKA criticized the story saying 'bizarre,' 'something that betrays readers,' 'it is not even a novel' and 'it makes people feel sick,' but now the work is revalued from the perspective of gender.
Japanese: 明治時代の国文学史上では例えば藤岡作太郎から「怪奇」「読者の心を欺く」「小説になっていない」「嘔吐を催す」などと評される事もあったが、近年ジェンダーの視点から再評価された。
English: Though it contains a conventional and banal plot that was often seen in those days, the work is said to have an important element that makes the story more like a modern novel beyond the matter of gender, exposing the difference between a human's innate nature and his or her social role.
Japanese: 当時の社会ならではの制約・お約束的展開はあるものの、本来的個人的性質と社会的に期待される役割との差異を浮き彫りにする本作品は、ジェンダーという枠を越えて、近代的小説に近い重要な要素を持つと言われている。
English: The modern translations of Torikaebaya Monogatari that are available today are Chikuma Library edition translated by Shinichiro NAKAMURA, and the Kodansha Japanese Classics for Boys and Girls edition translated by Seiko TANABE.
Japanese: 現在手に入るとりかへばや物語の現代語訳としては、中村真一郎によるちくま文庫版、田辺聖子による講談社少年少女古典文学館版などが挙げられる。
English: "The Change!," a novel written by Saeko HIMURO, is an adaptation of Torikaebaya Monogatari for young girls; it was also adapted as a comic book by Naomi YAMAUCHI.
Japanese: また、氷室冴子の小説『ざ・ちぇんじ!』は、とりかへばや物語を少女小説にアレンジしたものであり、山内直実によって漫画化されている。
English: Juro KARA adapted Torikaebaya Monogatari for a novel called "The Day We Switched Our Roles" (Shufu To Seikatsu Sha Co., Ltd.), and published it in 1998.
Japanese: 唐十郎による〈唐版とりかえばや物語〉『きみと代わる日』（主婦と生活社）も1998年に発行されている。
English: He was born as the sixth son of TAIRA no Tadamori, the chief of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) in 1144.
Japanese: 天養元年（1144年）、伊勢平氏の頭領である平忠盛の六男として生まれる。
English: It is said that he was born and raised in Muro County of Ki Province, and his wife was the daughter of Tankai, Kumano betto (an official who administered the shrines at Kumano), and the sister of Tanzo.
Japanese: 紀伊国の牟婁郡で生まれ育ったとされており、熊野別当湛快の娘で湛増の妹でもあった女を妻としたこともあったようである。
English: He planned to blend into the Minamoto clan, but he had Ohaguro (black painted teeth), which most of the Minamoto clan did not have, so he was detected and killed.
Japanese: 源氏に紛れる作戦をとっていたが、源氏の者の多くがつけていないお歯黒を付けていた為に、見破られて討たれた。
English: Tadasumi left behind a memorial tower at Seishin-ji Temple in Fukaya City, Saitama Prefecture to pray for Tadanori 's departed soul after the battle.
Japanese: 忠澄は戦ののち、忠度の菩提を弔うため、埼玉県深谷市の清心寺に供養塔を残している。
English: In Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture, there is "Tadanori-zuka Mound" that is said to be Tadanori's grave, and its neighborhood used to be called Tadanori-cho in ancient times (present Tenmon-cho).
Japanese: 兵庫県明石市には、忠度の墓と伝える「忠度塚」があり、付近は古く忠度町と呼ばれていた（現・天文町）。
English: In Komagabayashi, Nagata Ward, Kobe City, there is a burial mound containing his severed arm (TAIRA no Tadanori udezuka - a local cultural property of Kobe City), and there is also a dozuka (burial mound containing a severed torso) near by.
Japanese: 神戸市長田区駒ケ林には、平忠度腕塚（神戸市認定地域文化財）があり、近くに胴塚もある。
English: There was a famous anecdote that he visited Toshinari's residence and left his poems on a scroll with Toshinari upon leaving the capital.
Japanese: 都落ちの最中、俊成の屋敷へ赴き自身の歌を書いた巻物を俊成に託した逸話が有名である。
English: His poems appeared in "Senzai waka shu" (Collection of a Thousand Years), but the compiler Toshinari hesitated to put the name of Tadanori who became choteki (enemy of the imperial court) on it, so his poems appeared anonymously.
Japanese: 『千載和歌集』に彼の歌があるが、撰者の俊成は朝敵となった忠度の名を憚り、よみ人しらずとして掲載している。
English: Since his imina (personal name) was "Tadanori," Tadanori's title "Satsuma no kami" is used as a slang to mean riding without paying (as in a train or bus, pronounced tadanori in Japanese).
Japanese: 諱が「ただのり」であることから、忠度の官名「薩摩守」は不正乗車無賃乗車（ただ乗り）を意味する隠語として使われている。
English: In the Kyogen (farce played during a Noh cycle) "Satsuma no kami," there is depicted a priest who tried to get off the boat without paying the fare, so it has long been known as a kakekotoba (a pun used in Waka, what is now called dajare).
Japanese: 狂言『薩摩守』で船賃を踏み倒そうとする出家僧が描かれており、かなり昔からの掛詞（今で言う駄洒落）であると知れる。
English: FUNYA no Yasuhide (year of birth unknown - c. 885) was a waka poet in the early Heian period and one of Rokkasen (six best waka poets) and the 36 Immortal Poets.
Japanese: 文屋康秀（ふんやのやすひで、生年不詳-仁和元年（885年）？）は、平安時代前期の歌人で、六歌仙・三十六歌仙の一人。
English: He was said to be appointed to Nuidono no suke (Assistant Director in the Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies [equivalent to Shorokuinoge, or Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade]) as a government official, but he remained a government worker in a low rank.
Japanese: 官人としては縫殿助（正六位下相当）任官したことが伝わる程度で卑官に終始した。
English: In "Kokin Wakashu" Kanajo (Preface of Kokinwakashu written in kana by KI no Tsurayuki), it was written that "his poems are excellent, but his appearance is not good enough, as a merchant wearing good cloth."
Japanese: 「古今和歌集」仮名序では、「詞はたくみにて、そのさま身におはず、いはば商人のよき衣着たらんがごとし」と評される。
English: He was said to be close to ONO no Komachi and asked her for a company when he left for his assignment in Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 小野小町と親密だったとされ、三河国に赴任する際に小野小町を誘ったと言われている。
English: He invited good composers to learn many songs, but he regretted that those songs would not be handed down after his death, so he took notes and turned them into the book.
Japanese: 歌の上手を召して多くの歌謡を知ったが、死後それらが伝わらなくなることを惜しみ、書き留めて本にした。
English: The book title 'Ryojin'(梁塵 in kanji) was named after the historical event where the dust (塵 in kanji) on the rafters (梁 in kanji) was moved, written by a master, meaning excellent song.
Japanese: 書名の「梁塵」は、名人の歌で梁の塵も動いたという故事より、すぐれた歌のこと。
English: However, only Kuden shu, Book 10 was collected in "Gunsho ruiju"(Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA), and others were thought to be lost until recently.
Japanese: しかし、近代までは口伝集巻第十が『群書類従』に収められたのみで、他の部分は失われたと考えられていた。
English: However, in 1911 Nobutsuna SASAKI discovered the Book 2 and Book 1 of main parts, a fragment of Kuden shu Book 1, and Kuden shu Book 11 to Book 14.
Japanese: だが明治44年、佐佐木信綱らによって巻第二、巻第一と口伝集巻第一の断片、口伝集の巻第十一～第十四が発見された。
English: From the Taisho period to the Showa period, the book revised by Nobutsuna SASAKI was published by Meiji-shoin Publishing and Iwanami Shoten, Publishers.
Japanese: 大正から昭和にかけて、佐佐木信綱の校訂による本が明治書院と岩波書店から刊行される。
English: Therefore, it was relatively new that the songs in "Ryojin hisho" became known to society.
Japanese: したがって『梁塵秘抄』の中の歌が一般に知られたのは比較的新しいことである。
English: Therefore, it means that 309 songs are collected in Book 1 if it is kanbon (complete edition).
Japanese: そのため、完本であれば巻第一には309首が収められていたことになる。
English: Many songs had four phrases of seven-and-five syllable meter and eight-and five syllable meter, or other tunes of those variations.
Japanese: 多くの歌が七五調四句や、八五調四句、あるいはそのバリエーションの調子を持つ。
English: Dance, dance, snail, and if you don't dance, let a colt and a calf kick you or step on you.
Japanese: 舞え舞え蝸牛、舞はぬものならば、馬の子や牛の子に蹴させてん、踏破せてん。
English: However, it does include children's songs such as 'Was I born to play or flirt? ' and 'Dance, dance, snail,' and amorous songs such as the following.
Japanese: しかし「遊びをせんとや…」や「舞え舞え蝸牛…」のような童心の歌、あるいは下記のような艶っぽいものもある。
English: You never became my wife after all, but why did I start making love to you?
Japanese: 東屋（あづまや）の妻とも終（つい）に成らざりけるもの故に、何とてむねを合せ初めけむ。
English: Only small parts of Book 1, Book 10, and from Book 11 to Book 14 are extant.
Japanese: 現存するのは巻第一のほんのわずかと、巻第十、それに巻第十一～第十四のみである。
English: According to Nobutsuna SASAKI, these were not selected by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: 佐佐木信綱によれば、これらは後白河法皇自らの撰によるものではないという。
English: It was considered that these were made into one later and titled 'Kuden shu Book 11' and below.
Japanese: のちにひとつにされ「口伝集巻第十一」以下の題名を付けられたと考えられている。
English: If it is to add to "Ryojin hisho," the total would be more than 20 Books and contradict the descriptions in "Honchoshojaku mokuroku."
Japanese: もしこれが『梁塵秘抄』に加わるとすれば、総数は二十巻以上となり『本朝書籍目録』の記述に矛盾する。
English: The majority of classic complete works that are currently published compiled only Kuden shu, Book 1 and Book 10, excluding Book 11 and after.
Japanese: 現在発行されている古典全集の多くは巻第十一以降を省き、口伝集の巻第一と巻第十のみを収めている。
English: Apparently, the contents of Book 11 to Book 14 are recondite, so it might have little value to compile them in the complete works.
Japanese: たしかに巻第十一～第十四の内容は難解であり、全集に収めてもあまり意味がないかもしれない。
English: However, there are no descriptions regarding these even in the commentaries, so readers who see the one from Iwanami paperback library would feel contrived.
Japanese: しかし、解説にさえもこれらに関する記述が一言もなく、岩波文庫版を先に見たものは不自然に感じる。
English: It seemed that it was written about shararin, ordinary imayo, kataoroshi, soga, shoseki, taikyoku, ashigara, choka, and tauta (all are kinds of imayo songs).
Japanese: 娑羅林・只の今様・片下・早歌・初積・大曲・足柄・長歌・田歌などについて書かれていたらしい。
English: Once he heard there was a good singer, he invited him or her to hear him or her sing, and he lost his voice three times as he sung too much.
Japanese: 歌の上手がいると聞けば召して聞き、歌いすぎで三度も喉をつぶしたという。
English: Beyond that, it was politically difficult times, and it's amazing considering it was the achievement of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa who was in the center of it.
Japanese: まして、政治的には大変な時代であり、しかもその中心にいた後白河法皇その人の事績であると考えると、驚嘆せざるを得ない。