nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: April, 1977 (Palau) Agonshu sect South Pacific Peace Prayer Daisaitogoma ceremony: The first Saitogoma mass overseas
Japanese: 1977年4月（パラオ）阿含宗・南太平洋･平和の祈り大柴燈護摩供　海外初の柴燈護摩法要
English: Sanjo Bussho was a Buddhist sculpture workshop that was located in Kyoto's Sanjo-dori Street in the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 三条仏所（さんじょうぶっしょ）は、平安時代中期、京都三条通にあった仏師の工房である。
English: Unlike other bussho of the Enpa (En school of sculptors) and Keiha (Kei school of sculptors), the central figures were the direct kindred of Jocho and their disciples.
Japanese: 円派、慶派の他の仏所とちがい、定朝の直系血族とその弟子たちが中心となった。
English: Rokujo Madenokoji Bussho was a Buddhist sculpture workshop that operated in the Heian period.
Japanese: 六条万里小路仏所（ろくじょうまでのこうじぶっしょ）は、平安時代の仏師工房。
English: Also called "Bansho Rojin Hyosho Tendokaku Osho Shoko Shoyoan Roku," it is a collection of koan (questions that a master gives to a person who seeks the secret of Zen, which take a great deal of thought and meditation to solve) and is highly evaluated in the Soto sect.
Japanese: 万松老人評唱天童覚和尚頌古従容庵録ともいう、曹洞宗で重んずる公案集である。
English: In addition to Shoko Hyakusoku (a hundred Shoko koan) by Wanshi Shogaku, it also includes introductory comments called suishi, partial short comments called chogo, and general comments called hyosho.
Japanese: 宏智正覚の頌古百則に、序論的批評（垂示）、部分的短評（著語）、全体的評釈（評唱）が加えられている。
English: The Butto-koji Juhasson are reijo (sacred places) containing pagodas, located in the Kinki region.
Japanese: 仏塔古寺十八尊（ぶっとうこじじゅうはっそん）は、近畿にある仏塔霊場。
English: Indo has expanded in meaning to be a Buddhist word that also describes the prayers a monk says to the dead after reading the sutra, which is one of the rituals performed at Buddhist funerals.
Japanese: 1から転じて、仏教における葬送儀礼の1つで、葬儀において僧侶が死者に対して読経を行った後に読誦される法語。
English: Different sects of Buddhism refer to different parts of the funeral as Indo.
Japanese: 葬送儀礼において、どの部分を引導と称するのかは、宗派により違いがある。
English: A shoko is a percussion instrument used in gagaku (Japanese court dance and music), and is the only metal musical instrument used in gagaku.
Japanese: 鉦鼓（しょうこ）とは、雅楽で使われる打楽器の一つだが、雅楽で唯一の金属製楽器である。
English: The shoko in Buddhism is simply called kane or sho, and is made of a metal such as bronze.
Japanese: 仏教における鉦鼓は、単に鉦（かね・しょう）とも称され、金属（青銅）製のものを言う。
English: Usually, it is hung from a stand called a ka and is hit with a stick called a shumoku to produce sounds.
Japanese: 通常は「架」（か）と呼ばれる台にかけて一本の槌（撞木）でたたいて音を出す。
English: However, as in the case of the statue of Kuya in Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple located in Kyoto, a shoko is sometimes hung from a stand hung from the neck of a person.
Japanese: しかしながら、京都六波羅蜜寺に伝わる空也像のように首に「架」をつけ、それに鉦鼓をかけて使用することもある。
English: Being disk-shaped, it is provided with two holes that are to be used for being hung from a ka.
Japanese: 形象は、円盤状で上方2箇所に「架」につるすための穴があけられている。
English: Shoko have been used in Temples in Japan from ancient times, and "Daianji Garan Engi narabini Ruki Shizai Cho" (a document about the origin of Daian-ji Temple and about the assets of the temple) completed in 747 includes descriptions of shoko.
Japanese: 日本の寺院における鉦鼓の歴史は古く、747年（天平19年）に成立した『大安寺伽藍縁起並流記資材帳』にも記載されている。
English: The wooden sho, ordinarily called mokusho, is used mostly in the Nichiren sect.
Japanese: なお、主に日蓮宗の寺院で使用されるものに木製の鉦があり、通常木鉦（もくしょう）と称される。
English: It is formed into a disc or a rectangular box which has had the insides removed to make it empty.
Japanese: 形状は、円盤状もしくは長方形の箱型をしており、箱型のものは内側がくりぬかれている。
English: While bronze shoko are hung from a stand when in use, wooden sho are placed on the floor.
Japanese: 青銅製の鉦鼓が「架」にかけて使用されるのに対し、木鉦は通常おいて使用される。
English: En no Gyoja Reiseki Fudasho indicates the pilgrimage of the thirty-six reijo (sacred places) in thirty-six temples and shrines, related to En no Gyoja who is said to have founded Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts).
Japanese: 役行者霊蹟札所（えんのじょうしゃれいせきふだしょ）は、修験道の開祖とされる役小角ゆかりの三十六寺社の霊場巡礼である。
English: Saigoku Aizen Junana Reijo is the comprehensive name for seventeen reijo (sacred places) that enshrine Aizen Myoo (Ragaraja) in Osaka, Hyogo, Okayama, Kyoto, Shiga, Mie, Nara, and Wakayama Prefectures.
Japanese: 西国愛染十七霊場（さいこくあいぜんじゅうななれいじょう）は、大阪・兵庫・岡山・京都・滋賀・三重・奈良・和歌山を結ぶ愛染明王祀る十七の霊場の総称。
English: Sokuikanjo is a ritual of Esoteric Buddhism conducted in an enthronement ceremony for the emperor from the 11th or 13th century up to the Edo period and its contents were treated as a secret ceremony.
Japanese: 即位灌頂（そくいかんじょう）とは、11世紀ないし13世紀から江戸時代にかけて、天皇の即位の礼の中で行われた密教儀式で、その内容は秘儀とされていた。
English: Generally, sokuikanjo referred to the acts combining an act of initiation called 'inmyodenju' and the practice of the teaching; the former was what a person from Sekkan-ke (families that produced the regent and chief adviser to the emperor), usually from the Nijo family, taught the emperor the mudra (Hand Gestures) and the mantra before the enthronement ceremony, and the latter was what the emperor made the initiated mudra and chanted the initiated mantra; but some researchers clearly distinguish between the inmyodenju and the practice of sokuikanjo.
Japanese: 一般的には即位式の前に摂関家、主に二条家の人物から天皇に対して印相と真言が伝授される「印明伝授」と呼ばれる伝授行為と、即位式の中で天皇が伝授された印明を結び、真言を唱える実修行為を併せて即位灌頂と呼んでいるが、印明伝授と即位灌頂の実修を明確に区別する研究者もある。
English: Kanjo was originally a ritual carried out for the enthronement of a king or official investiture of the Crown Prince in Ancient India in which water called kanjosui was poured onto the head of the king being enthroned.
Japanese: 灌頂は元来、古代インドの国王即位や立太子の際行われた、灌頂水と呼ばれる水が即位する王の頭上に注がれた儀式であった。
English: Later, the ritual of kanjo was adopted as a ritual of Buddhism and, especially in Esoteric Buddhism, it became an important ritual such as denpokanjo (consecration for the Transmission of the Dharma).
Japanese: やがてその灌頂の儀式が仏教儀式に取り入れられ、特に密教の中では伝法灌頂など重要な儀式とされるようになった。
English: In the ninth century, when Esoteric Buddhism was brought into Japan, the ritual of kanjo commenced and the ceremony of kanjo of Esoteric Buddhism was used for the enthronement ceremony for the emperor and sokuikanjo was formed.
Japanese: 日本に密教が伝来した9世紀に灌頂の儀礼が開始され、やがて密教の灌頂儀式が天皇の即位式に取り入れられ、即位灌頂が成立することになる。
English: In China from where Esoteric Buddhism was brought into Japan, there is no trace of a kanjo ceremony as an enthronement ceremony for the emperor.
Japanese: 日本に密教を伝えた中国では、皇帝の即位式に灌頂儀式が行われた形跡はない。
English: It is considered to be a difference in concept of the monarch in Japan and China.
Japanese: これは日本と中国の、君主についての概念の差に起因していると考えられる。
English: While the enthronement ceremony for the emperor in China had a strong tinge of mutual acknowledgment between the emperor and subjects, it seems that there was room for a religious concept concerning the enthronement ceremony for the emperor in Japan which is based upon the myth of the descent to earth by the grandson of the sun goddess.
Japanese: 中国では皇帝の即位式は、皇帝と臣下との相互承認という色彩が強いのに対して、天孫降臨の神話を持つ日本では、即位式に宗教的な観念が入り込む余地が大きかったと見られる。
English: Although kanjo originated from the ritual of enthronement of the king in Ancient India, sokuikanjo consisting of inmyodenju and practice based upon the creed of Esoteric Buddhism is different from the ritual in Ancient India with regard to philosophy and content.
Japanese: また、灌頂が古代インドの国王即位の儀式に源流があるとはいえ、密教の教義に基づく印明伝授と実修からなる即位灌頂は、古代インドで行われていた儀式とは思想的にも内容的にも異なったものである。
English: In the period of the government by the retired emperor during the Heian period, a view of the state based on Buddhism that the rise of Buddhism was directly connected to the rise of the influence sovereignty earned awareness.
Japanese: 平安時代の院政期、仏法の興隆が王権の興隆に直結するという仏教的国家観が意識されるようになる。
English: There is a view that, as a result, certain names based on Buddhism such as Konrin Joo (gold-wheel-turning king) and Juzen no kimi (literally, man with the ten good acts) became synonyms for the emperor and rituals such as sokuikanjo were introduced into the enthronement ceremony.
Japanese: その結果、金輪聖王や十善の君などといった仏教的な名称が天皇の別称とされるようになり、即位式の中にも即位灌頂のような儀式が取り入れられるようになったとの説がある。
English: For example, the Yasoshima Festival (Festival of the Eighty Islands) held the following year of Daijoe (banquet on the occasion of the first ceremonial offering of rice by the newly-enthroned emperor) was discontinued during the beginning of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 例えば大嘗会の翌年に古くから行われてきた八十嶋祭は鎌倉初期以降行われなくなった。
English: Under such situations, sokuikanjo was born and developed as a new ritual to maintain religious authority of the emperor.
Japanese: そのような中、天皇の宗教的権威を保つ新たな儀式として即位灌頂は生まれ、発展していったとみられる。
English: In sokuikanjo, the emperor about to be enthroned received the initiation of mudra and mantra from a person from Sekkan-ke, usually from the Nijo family (inmyodenju), and executed them during the enthronement ceremony.
Japanese: 即位灌頂は、即位する天皇が摂関家、主に二条家の人物から印相と真言の伝授を受け（印明伝授）、それを即位式の中で実修する。
English: But in the nature of the secret ceremony, there remained little record and it was difficult to know about the details.
Japanese: しかし秘儀としての性格上、記録があまり残っておらず、その内容について知ることは困難であった。
English: In recent years, however, documents kept in the Nijo family, including some relating to sokuikanjo, were opened to the public to promote research on conducting sokuikanjo.
Japanese: しかし近年、二条家に保存されていた文書が公開され、その中に即位灌頂関連の文書もあり、即位灌頂の実践方法についての研究が進みつつある。
English: The initiation of the mudra was basically conducted on the day of the enthronement ceremony, however, it could be on the day before because a person conducting it was taking on mourning, and so on.
Japanese: 印相の伝授は、即位式当日に行われることが基本であったが、印明伝授者が喪に服しているなどの事由がある場合、前日になることもあった。
English: Performing Chiken-in representing Kongokai Dainichi Nyorai is said to have a meaning that to perform the mudra of Dainichi Nyorai who was identical with Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) in Honji-suijaku (theory of original reality and manifested traces), the emperor to be enthroned was identified with Dainichi Nyorai and becomes a supreme existence.
Japanese: 大日如来を表す智拳印を結ぶ点については、本地垂迹において天照大神と同一視された大日如来の印相を結ぶことによって、即位する天皇が大日如来と同一化し、至高な存在となる意味があるとされる。
English: Mantra of Dakiniten is used in Toji-kata sokuiho described below handed down by temples in the Shingon sect, and, for which a close relationship with sokuikanjo has been pointed out.
Japanese: 荼枳尼天の真言は、後述する真言系寺院に伝えられている東寺方即位法でも用いられており、即位灌頂との密接な関連が指摘されている。
English: With respect to the fact that Dakiniten who is closely connected to sex has a relationship with sokuikanjo, there is a view that seeks the root to the relationship between sex and the emperor, as Yoshihiko AMINO claimed.
Japanese: 性に関係が深い荼枳尼天が即位灌頂と関係があることについては、網野善彦が唱えたように性と天皇との関わり合いに求める説がある。
English: It was thought that the emperor's practice to perform the mudra and chant the mantra was conducted while the emperor walked to the Takamikura (the imperial throne) during the enthronement ceremony, but by recent researches, it became to be thought it was conducted after the emperor sat down on the Takamikura.
Japanese: 天皇が印明を結び、真言を唱える実修については、かつては即位式の際、天皇が高御座まで歩いている間に行うと考えられていたが、最近の研究では高御座に着座してから行われたとされている。
English: As sokuikanjo was a secret ceremony, it is understood that it was conducted, immediately after the emperor sat down on Takamikura, while court ladies covered the emperor's face with a fans.
Japanese: 即位灌頂が秘儀であったことから、高御座に天皇が着座した直後、女官が天皇の顔を扇子で覆っている間に行われたと見られている。
English: The above descriptions are findings from an analysis of documents for sokuikanjo by the Nijo family during the Edo period.
Japanese: 上記は江戸期における二条家の即位灌頂についての文書からの分析である。
English: During the Muromachi period, according to the Diary of Emperor Gonara for example, the emperor was initiated in saninsanmyo (namely, three mudra gestures and three mantra chants), performed the first mudra before reaching the Takamikura, and then did the second and third mudra chants after sitting on the Takamikura.
Japanese: 室町時代は、例えば後奈良天皇の宸記によれば、三印三明（つまり三つの印相と三つの真言）の伝授を受け、高御座へ進むまでに第一の印相を結び、着座後に第二、第三の印相を結ぶ方式をとっている。
English: Therefore, it is inferred that the way of conducting sokuikanjo had changed remarkably depending upon the era.
Japanese: そのため、即位灌頂の実施方法は時代によってかなり変遷があったものと推定されている。
English: There are several views concerning when sokuikanjo began.
Japanese: 即位灌頂がいつから開始されたのかということについてはいくつかの説がある。
English: This is based upon a description in 'Gosanjoin Gosokuiki' (record of the enthronement of Emperor Gosanjo) written by OE no Masafusa that, after his enthronement, Emperor Gosanjo did not hold shaku (a mace) and showed mudra of Dainichi Nyorai.
Japanese: これは大江匡房が著した「後三条院御即位記」に、即位時、後三条天皇は笏を持たず、手で大日如来の印相をしていたと書かれていることによる。
English: There is a view, however, that it is questionable to conclude from this description that sokuikanjo was conducted.
Japanese: しかしこの記述をもって即位灌頂が行われたとするのには疑問との意見もある。
English: From an analysis of sentences regarding sokuikanjo recently opened by the Nijo family to the public, a view that sokuikanjo started with the Emperor Gofukakusa was revealed.
Japanese: 二条家から近年公表された、即位灌頂に関する文章の分析から、後深草天皇から即位灌頂が始まったとの説が唱えられている。
English: According to a genealogical chart of the Imperial Family prepared by Yasumichi NIJO in which persons who conducted inmyodenju at the time of sokuikanjo are shown, Emperor Gofukakusa was initiated into sokuikanjo by Sanetsune ICHIJO who was sessho (regent) at the time of enthronement.,
Japanese: これは二条康道が記した、即位灌頂時に印明伝授を行った人物を併記した天皇家の系図によると、後深草天皇は即位時、摂政であった一条実経から即位灌頂を伝授されたとしている。
English: With respect to Emperor Kameyama and the Emperor Gouda, following Emperor Gofukakusa, there is no material showing that they conducted sokuikanjo.
Japanese: 後深草天皇に続く亀山天皇、後宇多天皇については即位灌頂を行ったとの資料は残っていない。
English: It is quite clear from the description in the Fushimi tenno shinki (The Diary of Emperor Fushimi), however, that the Emperor Fushimi conducted sokuikanjo and certain researchers believe that sokuikanjo began with Emperor Fushimi.
Japanese: 伏見天皇が即位灌頂を行ったことについては、伏見天皇宸記の記述から明らかであり、伏見天皇から即位灌頂が開始されたとする研究者もいる。
English: Because it is assured that Emperor Fushimi conducted sokuikanjo, we know that sokuikanjo started in the latter half of the 13th century at the latest.
Japanese: 伏見天皇が即位灌頂を行ったことは確かであるため、遅くとも13世紀後半には即位灌頂は始まったことがわかる。
English: In many cases, persons from the Nijo family conducted inmyodenju in sokuikanjo, and there is a view that the Nijo family had been involved since the birth of sokuikanjo.
Japanese: 即位灌頂では、多くの場合二条家の人物が印明伝授を行ってきたが、即位灌頂の誕生の経緯から二条家が深く関わっているとの説がある。
English: Yoshizane NIJO, who was the founder of the Nijo family was on bad terms with his father, Michiie KUJO, and could not inherit any documents concerning yusokukojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past).
Japanese: 二条家初代の二条良実は、父である九条道家と不和で、有職故実に関する書類を一切引き継げなかった。
English: Therefore, he was handicapped politically during the Kamakura period where weight was attached to yusokukojitsu.
Japanese: そのため有職故実を重んじる鎌倉時代当時の状況下では、政治的に大きなハンディを持つことになった。
English: In those days, in the ritual of shinzengushin (literally, offering god's tray) carried out in Daijoe after the enthronement ceremony, the emperor progressed the ritual based on the manner which was told by Sekkan (regent or adviser).
Japanese: 当時、即位式に続いて行われる大嘗会で行われる神膳供進の儀では、天皇が摂関に儀式の作法についての助言を受け、それに基づいて儀式を進めていた。
English: However, Morotada NIJO, who was kanpaku (chief adviser to the emperor) at the time of enthronement of the Emperor Fushimi, could not reply to questions on procedures of the ritual from the emperor, and found himself in dire straits.
Japanese: しかし、伏見天皇即位時に関白を勤めていた二条師忠は、儀式進行に関する天皇からの問いに答えられず、苦境に立たされることになった。
English: Therefore, Morotada NIJO asked his older brother Dogen, who had experience as tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), for help and introduced sokuikanjo, a new ritual, on the occasion of the enthronement of the Emperor Fushimi intending to escape from difficult situation which the Nijo Family was forced to suffer and to compete with other members of Gosekke (the five families of the Fujiwara clan whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and kanpaku).
Japanese: そのため、二条師忠は兄であり、天台座主を勤めた経験もある道玄の協力を仰ぎ、伏見天皇即位時に即位灌頂という新たなる儀式を始め、二条家が置かれた苦境から脱し、他の五摂家と対抗することをもくろんだという。
English: In addition, taking the fact that it became large significance of existence for Sekkan to teach the emperor how to proceed the ceremony at the shinzengushin ritual in Daijoe as a hint, Sekkan incorporated a new ritual of Esoteric Buddhism that he taught the manner of a ceremony to the newly enthroned emperor, and sokuikanjo became one of significant existence of Sekkan.
Japanese: これはまた、摂関が大嘗会で行われる神膳供進の儀で、天皇に儀式の進め方を伝授することが摂関の大きな存在意義となったことをヒントにして、摂関が即位する天皇に対して儀式の作法を伝授する、新たなる密教儀式を取り入れたことを意味しており、即位灌頂は摂関の存在意義の一つとなっていくことになる。
English: According to this view, as sokuikanjo was introduced due to wishes of the Nijo family, it is inferred that sokuikanjo was not usually conducted if sekkan were not from the Nijo family on the occasion of enthronement of the emperor.
Japanese: この説によれば、二条家の都合がもとで開始された即位灌頂であるため、天皇の即位時、二条家が摂関を勤めていない場合、当初、即位灌頂は基本的には行われなかったものと推定する。
English: As the Nijo family was close to samurai governments as seen in the fact that the heads of the Nijo family were granted use of a portion of the real name of seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Edo bakufu, however, the time period in which members of the Nijo family were in a position of Sekkan during the Muromachi period was longer than that of other members of gosekke.
Japanese: ただ、歴代の当主が室町幕府と江戸幕府の征夷大将軍の偏諱を受けるなど武家政権と親密であった二条家は、室町時代において摂関を勤める期間が他の五摂家と比べて長かった。
English: Naturally, the number of occasion that sokuikanjo was conducted in the enthronement of the emperor was increased and the Imperial Family was welcomed it as a mean to make the authority firm, then sokuikanjo came to stay in the enthronement ceremony.
Japanese: 自然、天皇の即位時に即位灌頂が行われる機会が増え、また、天皇家の側でも権威確立の手段の一つとなる即位灌頂を歓迎する面があり、やがて即位式に即位灌頂が定着していくことになる。
English: The above-mentioned is a convincing view of establishing the sokuikanjo firmly as the family business of Nijo family, based on the historical fact that the Nijo family had many opportunities to conduct sokuikanjo.
Japanese: 上記の説は歴史的に二条家が即位灌頂を勤める機会が多く、即位灌頂が二条家の家業として定着していくことについて説得力がある説である。
English: However, it is difficult to explain about Emperor Gosanjo and Emperor Gofukakusa who might have conducted sokuikanjo before Emperor Fushimi and, according to the records by Yasumichi NIJO introduced above, the records of the Nijo family described cases where persons from families other than the Nijo family conducted sokuikanjo from Kamakura to Muromachi periods, such as Sanetsune ICHIJO for Emperor Gofukakusa and Kanetada TAKATSUKASA for Emperor Gofushimi.
Japanese: ただし、伏見天皇以前に即位灌頂を行った可能性がある後三条天皇や後深草天皇についてどう説明するのかという点と、先に紹介した二条康道の記録によれば、後深草天皇の時には一条実経、後伏見天皇の時は鷹司兼忠など、当の二条家の記録に、鎌倉～室町時代に二条家以外の人物が即位灌頂を行ったことが記されている点の説明が難しい。
English: Along with sokuikanjo actually performed by the emperor during the enthronement ceremony, mudra and mantra to practice at the enthronement ceremony called sokuiho have been handed down by the Tendai and Shingon sects.
Japanese: 実際に天皇が即位式に際して実修した即位灌頂と並んで、天台宗と真言宗には、天皇が即位式で実修するための、即位法と呼ばれる印明と真言が伝えられている。
English: Generally speaking, sokuiho of Tendai sect is called tendai-kata (天台方, literally, the manner of Tendai sect) and sokuiho of Shingon sect toji-kata (東寺方, literally, the manner of To-ji Temple of Shingon sect).
Japanese: 一般的に天台宗の即位法は天台方、真言宗の即位法は東寺方と呼ばれている。
English: Both for tendai-kata and toji-kata, multiple sokuiho have been handed down and mudra and mantra are different for each sokuiho.
Japanese: 天台方、東寺方とも複数の即位法が伝えられており、それぞれ印明と真言が異なる。
English: Tendai-kata sokuiho is based on setsuwa (anecdotes), such as setsuwa of King Mu, in which King Mu of Zhou was vested by Dainichi Nyorai the verse of Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
Japanese: 天台方の即位法は、周の穆王(周)が大日如来から法華経の偈を授けられたとする穆王説話などの説話をもとしている。
English: It is said that, at first, inmyodenju was supposed to be conducted by a notable Buddhist priest for the emperor, but it is changed to inmyodenju by Sekkan.
Japanese: 当初は高僧が天皇に対して印明伝授を行う内容であったのが、その後、摂関が印明伝授する内容になったとされる。
English: On the other hand, toji-kata sokuiho is said to have influenced of Ryobu Shinto (a fusion of Shinto and Shingon sect of Buddhism), and, from the beginning, Sekkan should conduct the initiation for the emperor.
Japanese: 一方、東寺方の即位法は両部神道などの影響が見られるとされ、当初から摂関が天皇に伝授する内容であった。
English: It is understood, however, that they gave quite a bit of influence on the formation of sokuikanjo and, in particular, the similarity between to toji-kata sokuiho and sokuikanjo has been pointed out.
Japanese: しかし、即位灌頂の成立には少なからぬ影響を与えたと見られ、特に東寺方即位法と即位灌頂との類似が指摘されている。
English: It seems that in the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Sekkan-ke and temples for both of whom existence of the emperor was indispensable, brought jointly sokuikanjo into the enthronement ceremony for their own survival.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代後半から南北朝時代にかけて、天皇の存在が互いに不可欠であった摂関家と寺院勢力は、自らの存続をかけて共同で即位儀礼の中に即位灌頂を持ち込んだものと見られる。
English: From the late Kamakura period and onward, struggle between Jimyointo (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) and Daikakujito (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) developed into a confrontation of the Northern and Southern Courts and the two emperors were opposed to each other.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代後期以降、持明院統と大覚寺統の争いはやがて南北朝の対立へと進み、二人の天皇が対立するようになった。
English: Each fraction devised its own sokuiho and such multiple sokuiho had not been unified even after the struggle between the Northern and Southern Courts ended and this continues even today.
Japanese: そうした分派それぞれが即位法を編み出し、それら即位法は、南北朝の争いが終焉しても統一されることなく現在まで伝えられることになった。
English: In the process in which sokuikanjo became a family business for the Nijo family, various opinions agree that the power of Yoshimoto NIJO who had a close connection to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and had great power assuming the position of Sekkan four times during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) played an important role.
Japanese: 即位灌頂が二条家の家業となっていく過程で、足利義満と親密な関係を保ち、南北朝時代(日本)に四度にわたって摂関を勤め、大きな権力を握った二条良基の力が大きかったことについては諸説一致している。
English: And without Sanshu no Jingi (three sacred imperial treasures) and Chiten no Kimi (literally, supreme ruler) who should issue Jokoku no Mikotonori (imperial decree to assign the reign), Emperor Gokogen finally realized his enthronement by making Kogimonin Chiten (ruler).
Japanese: また三種の神器が無い上に、譲国の詔を発する治天の君が不在で、やむなく広義門院を治天とし、即位にこぎつけた後光厳天皇であった。
English: While the legitimacy of the emperor was ruined, the Northern Court from Emperor Gokogen made every effort to improve the situation
Japanese: 光厳天皇以降の北朝が、天皇としての正統性に傷がついた状況にある中で、状況の改善に腐心した。
English: Yoshimoto NIJO promoted the establishment of sokuikanjo as a ritual to make it a new source of authority of the emperors of the Northern Court.
Japanese: 二条良基は即位灌頂を北朝の天皇の新たな権威の源泉として、儀式としての整備を進めた。
English: Yoshimoto NIJO, who assumed the position of Sekkan four times, conducted inmyodenju for the emperors of several generations and contributed to the settlement of sokuikanjo as a ritual.
Japanese: そして四度にわたり摂関を勤めた二条良基は、数代の天皇の即位時に印明伝授を行い、即位灌頂の儀礼としての定着にも大きく貢献した。
English: Yoshimoto NIJO initiated Emperor Goenyu with mudra and mantra in the shinzengushin ritual of Daijoe for Emperor Goenyu and the Emperor made the mudra and chanted the mantra during the ceremony.
Japanese: また、二条良基は後円融天皇の大嘗会神膳供進の儀の際、後円融天皇に印相と真言を伝授し、天皇は儀式中に印相を結び、真言を唱えた。
English: No other record showing that mudra was made and mantra was chanted in Daijoe, which was a ceremony of Shintoism has been found, and, therefore, it is an interesting record that shows that sokuikanjo had a relationship not only with the enthronement ceremony for the emperor, but also Daijoe.
Japanese: 神道の儀式である大嘗会で印相を結び真言を唱えたという記録は今のところ他に見られないが、即位灌頂が天皇の即位式ばかりではなく、大嘗会にも関係があったことを示す興味深い記録である。
English: As Daijoe was once discontinued after Emperor Gokashiwabara, this could be the reason why there were no other records.
Japanese: なお、大嘗会が後柏原天皇以降いったん中絶したことが、他に記録がない原因である可能性がある。
English: Anyhow, we can know that Yoshimoto NIJO was involved deeply in the enthronement ceremony and Daijoe, both important ceremonies of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: いずれにしても宮廷の重要儀式である即位式と大嘗会に、二条良基が深く関わっていたことがわかる。
English: As sokuikanjo settled as an indispensable ritual for the enthronement ceremony for the emperor, other gosekke members made requests to the Nijo family, who mainly carried out inmyodenju, and disputes occurred rather often between them.
Japanese: 即位灌頂は天皇の即位式に不可欠な儀式として定着するにつれ、印明伝授を主に担っていた二条家に対して他の五摂家も印明伝授を求め、しばしば争論が発生するようになった。