nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Also, others suggest that Hitachi-nyudo Nensai is in fact Tomomune DATE based on the time period in which they both lived and their family trees.
Japanese: また、常陸入道念西が伊達朝宗であるというのも、年代や系図の照合によってそのように比定されているのである。
English: There is no clear record that Hitachi-nyudo Nensai and Tomomune DATE are the same person, however, and some people believe the two are completely different people.
Japanese: 常陸入道念西と伊達朝宗が同一人物であるとする明確な記録があるわけではなく別人であるという説もある。
English: During the Kamakura Period, the Date clan was appointed as jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) not only in Mutsu Province, Shimotsuke Province and Hitachi Province, but also in other provinces including Izumo Province, Tajima Province, Ise Province, Suruga Province, Bicchu Province, Kozuke Province, Dewa Province and Echigo Province, which helped its branch families spread in those areas.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代には陸奥国・下野国・常陸国の他にも出雲国、但馬国、伊勢国、駿河国、備中国、上野国、出羽国、越後国などでも地頭職を得ており、各地に分流が派生している。
English: During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Yukimune DATE (former Yukitomo DATE) became a retainer of Akiie KITABATAKE, who entered the Oshu region to govern the region under Imperial Prince Norinaga, and was appointed as a member of Shiki-hyojoshu (the council of the Mutsu Province) along with Munehiro YUKI.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)の伊達行宗（伊達行朝）の時代には、義良親王を奉じて奥州鎮定のために下向した北畠顕家に属し、行朝は結城宗広らとともに式評定衆となった。
English: In 1335, when Akiie went up to the capital to suppress Takauji ASHIKAGA, Yukimune followed him to fight against the Ashikaga clan.
Japanese: 1335年に顕家が足利尊氏討伐のために上京すると行宗も従い、足利方と戦う。
English: In the Kokoku era, after taking the side of the Southern Court (Japan) (headed by Emperor Godaigo), Yukimune placed his military base in the Isa Castle of Isa County (Hitachi Province), a main castle of his relative Ise clan, and fought against KO no Morofuyu of the Northern Court (Japan) (headed by the Ashikaga clan).
Japanese: 興国年間には南朝_(日本)方（後醍醐天皇方）として同族の伊佐氏(常陸国)とともに常陸国伊佐郡(常陸国)の伊佐城に拠り、北朝_(日本)方（足利方）の高師冬等と戦う。
English: In the Shochu Disturbance and the Genko War, DATE no Yuga (Yuga Hoshi Buddhist priest), a member of a DATE branch family (the 雲但 Date clan line), was punished for his complicity.
Japanese: 尚、正中の変、元弘の乱では分流（雲但伊達氏系）の伊達遊雅（祐雅法師）が連座し処罰されている。
English: According to historical records written in this period, the 雲但 Date clan and the Suruga Date clan were taking the side of the Ashikaga clan.
Japanese: また雲但伊達氏や駿河伊達氏は足利方であった事がこの時代の各史料に見て取れる。
English: Muneto DATE, a son of Yukimune, invaded Okitama District of Dewa Province and succeeded in possessing the land by beating the feudal lord of the District, the Nagai clan.
Japanese: 行宗の子伊達宗遠は出羽国置賜郡を攻め、領主である長井氏を滅ぼして領有した。
English: Masamune DATE, Daizen no daibu (Master of the Palace Table) and a son of Muneto, opposed to the territorial cession demand by Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), and fought against both Mitsukane and Mitsumori ASHINA of the Aizu region.
Japanese: 宗遠の子伊達政宗(大膳大夫)の時代に鎌倉公方足利満兼が領土の割譲を求めると、満兼や会津の蘆名満盛と争った。
English: Masamune led a rebellion against the Kamakura-fu Government (a government office of the Muromachi bakufu to rein in the Kanto region) three times between 1399 and 1402 (Rebellion of Masamune DATE).
Japanese: 政宗は1399年から1402年にかけて3度鎌倉府方に反旗を翻している（伊達政宗の乱）。
English: Even though the Date clan was no more than a kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lord), it rose as an influential samurai family of Mutsu Province, one of the major provinces of Japan.
Japanese: 伊達氏は一介の国人領主といえども、大国陸奥国にあって有力な武家であった。
English: Originally, the Ou region (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) was placed under the direct control of Kamakura-fu, but the Date clan became a member of Kyoto fuchishu, a direct retainer of Muromachi bakufu, amid a deepening confrontation between Muromachi bakufu and Kamakura-fu, and strategically maneuvered Kamakura-fu in the Oei War of 1413 (also called a Rebellion of Mochimune DATE).
Japanese: そもそも、奥羽は鎌倉府の管轄ではあったが、幕府と鎌倉府の対立が次第に深まると伊達氏は幕府直属の京都扶持衆となり、1413年の応永の乱では鎌倉を牽制している（伊達持宗の乱とも）。
English: After becoming a direct retainer of shogun as Kyoto fuchishu, the Date clan enhanced its social status and power by establishing a closer relationship with bakufu, as exemplified in the order from bakufu in the Eikyo War of 1438 to subjugate the Kamakura kubo which the Date clan had supported in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: また、京都扶持衆として直接将軍と結び付き、1438年の永享の乱では幕府より鎌倉公方の討伐命令をくだされているなど、南北朝時代に南朝方であった伊達氏は幕府との接近によって、その地位と勢力を高めていった。
English: In 1483, Shigemune DATE visited the capital to present gold dust, swords and horses to then-shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, and his lawful wife, Tomiko HINO.
Japanese: 1483年には伊達成宗が上洛し将軍足利義政、日野富子らに砂金、太刀、ウマなどを献じた。
English: After appointed as Mutsu shugoshiki (provincial constables of Mutsu Province), Tanemune DATE drastically increased its influence by adopting Yoshinobu OSAKI in return for solving an internal conflict of the Osaki clan (then-Oshu Tandai), and putting the Osaki clan and later the Mogami clan of Dewa Province under control.
Japanese: 伊達稙宗は陸奥守護職に補任し、奥州探題であった大崎氏の内紛を解決して、大崎義宣を養子に入れて傘下に取り込み、出羽国の最上氏も勢力圏に組み込むなど大きく飛躍した。
English: The son of Tanemune, Harumune DATE, was first appointed as Oshu Tandai, the post successively held by the Osaki clan, a branch family of the Shiba clan (a powerful family of the Ashikaga Shogun Family), while a dictatorship by retired Tanemune caused anti-Tanemune feeling to build up among the vassals.
Japanese: その子　伊達晴宗は足利将軍家有力一門　斯波氏の流れをひく大崎氏歴代の職である奥州探題に補任されたが、一方で隠居の稙宗の専制に対する家臣団の反発が蓄積された。
English: This internal discord and a move by Tanemune to offer Sanemoto DATE, his son and the younger brother of Harumune, to the Uesugi clan of Echigo Province for adoption triggered the Tenbun War, in which the Tanemune party that promoted the adoption and the Harumune party that opposed to it confronted each other.
Japanese: そして、晴宗の弟である伊達実元の越後国上杉氏に入嗣させることを画策することが引き金となり、入嗣を推進する稙宗派と反対する晴宗派の間で天文の乱が勃発。
English: Involving other daimyos (territorial lords) with matrimonial relations to the Date clan, the confrontation turned out to be a huge war in the region, breaking up the Ou region into two, and after the War, the waned Date clan relocated its base to Yonezawa City.
Japanese: 姻戚関係を結んだ諸大名を巻き込み、奥羽を二分する大乱に陥り衰退し居城を米沢市に移した。
English: Old authorities such as bakufu and Kamakura kubo were still wielding great power not only in the Kanto region but also in the Ou region.
Japanese: 関東はもとより奥羽は未だ幕府や鎌倉公方の旧権威は依然として絶大であった。
English: However, the geographical merit for the Date clan of being located far from the central authority helped the clan to retain a strong autonomy in the region and gave it a lot of opportunity to gain power.
Japanese: しかし、一方では中央政界から遠く辺境にあったが故に確保できた自立性の強さは伊達氏に台頭の機会を十分に与えたといえる。
English: Nevertheless, what a mere local lord, the Date clan, had done at that time, such as establishing a close relationship with a central government after appointed as Kyoto fuchishu, holding the posts of Mutsu shugoshiki and even Oshu Tandai which was reserved for the Ashikaga clan and also putting the Osaki clan, a family line of the Shiba clan (the most powerful Ashikaga family) under its control by sending its illegitimate child to the Osaki clan, were not what other local lords could easily achieve.
Japanese: とはいえ一介の国人であった伊達氏が、京都扶持衆に列したのを契機に中央政界との緊密性を獲得し、陸奥国守護職補任、さらには室町幕府において足利一門にのみ許されてきた奥州探題職に補任、かつ足利一門屈指の名門で斯波氏の同族　大崎氏に庶子を入嗣として送り込み事実上の傘下に治めた。
English: These achievements of the Date clan were a more than enough evidence to foresee the declining power of the old authorities in the Ou region and the establishment of the hegemony by the Date clan in the same region during the Muromachi Period.
Japanese: これらのことは、奥羽における室町時代の旧権威衰退と奥羽における伊達氏の覇権確立を予見させるには十分過ぎた。
English: Masamune DATE, who succeeded the reigns of the family in 1584, promoted a hard-line territorial expansion policy.
Japanese: 1584年に当主になった17代・伊達政宗は強硬な領土拡張政策を進めた。
English: Because all the local lords in the Oshu region had a close relationship each other through either blood or marriage, a territorial dispute hardly developed into a dead or alive conflict.
Japanese: 国人間の重層的な姻戚関係により奥州国人すべて親族血縁の誼を通じていたため、領土紛争も互いの存亡をかける争いには発展しなかった．
English: However, as Masamune did not respect such relationship and old authorities of bakufu, he promoted a territorial expansion of the Date clan by beating the Nihonmatsu clan, a branch family of the Hatakeyama clan (one of the Ashikaga clan), and fighting against the Ashina clan and the Osaki clan, a former Oshu Tandai.
Japanese: しかし、政宗はそうした親族血縁や幕府の旧権威を良しとせず、伊達氏の勢力拡大を推し進め、足利一門の畠山氏嫡流の流れを汲む二本松氏を打倒し、蘆名氏や旧奥州探題・大崎氏と戦った。
English: In 1589, Masamune designated himself as Aizu shugo (provincial constable) and won a fatal battle against the Ashina clan, a ruler of the southern Oshu region, which made the Date clan to achieve the largest territory in its history.
Japanese: 1589年には、会津守護を称して南奥州の覇者であった蘆名氏と雌雄を決し、これを滅ぼして伊達氏の領土は最大となった。
English: During the same period, in the central government, Nobunaga ODA overthrew Muromachi bakufu and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI became Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) as a successor of Nobunaga and issued with his authority sobuji rei (Peace edicts) throughout the nation to ban wars in all the provinces.
Japanese: この間、室町幕府を打倒しこれにとってかわった織田信長の後継者たる地位を得た豊臣秀吉が関白となり、その権威を以って天下に惣無事令を発し、諸国の戦乱を禁じた。
English: At the beginning, Masamune ignored the edicts and proceeded with his territory expansion policy, but later decided to obey Hideyoshi in 1590 when he saw Hideyoshi attacked the Gohojo clan for ignoring the edicts.
Japanese: 当初、政宗はその布令を無視して領土拡大を進めたが、1590年に秀吉が後北条氏を攻撃するのをみてこれに服属した。
English: Although Hideyoshi questioned Masamune closely about his failure to obey the edicts, Masamune had a narrow escape thanks to the mediation of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 秀吉からは布令無視を詰問されたが、徳川家康らの周旋もあり窮地を脱した。
English: In 1591, one year after the Kasai-Osaki Ikki (the revolt of the former retainers of the Kasai clan and the Osaki clan), Hideyoshi confiscated an additional land of Masamune including Yonezawa and ordered to change his ruling domain to the former Osaki-Kasai domain of 580,000 goku (161,240 cubic meters), which forced Masamune to relocate to the Iwadeyama Castle (present-day, Iwadeyama, Osaki City) as a domain lord.
Japanese: その年に起きた葛西大崎一揆の戦後処理で翌年の1591年、秀吉に米沢などを更に没収され国替を命じられ、旧大崎葛西領など58万石の領主として岩出山城(現大崎市岩出山)に移った。
English: Fusazane DATE, a member of the branch Date clan, served the Gohojo clan as an acting lord of the Iwatsuki Castle during the Invasion of Odawara by Hideyoshi, and his descendants were later known as the Date clan of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
Japanese: 尚、秀吉の小田原攻めの頃、後北条氏の家臣に岩付城代として分流の伊達房実がおり、この子孫が旗本の伊達氏である。
English: In the Battle of Sekigahara, Masamune DATE took the side of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and was awarded additional lands to 620,000 goku (172,360 cubic meters) for his war service.
Japanese: 伊達政宗は関ヶ原の戦いで徳川家康に味方し、その恩賞として62万石に加増された。
English: He later established the Sendai Castle and moved in from the Iwadeyama Castle, and retained a social status of kokushu (territorial lord) throughout the Edo Period, while his domain, Sendai Domain, prospered as taihan (a large scale domain) of 620,000 goku.
Japanese: 後に仙台城を築いて岩出山城から移り、江戸時代を通じて国主の家格を維持し、仙台藩62万石の大藩として繁栄した。
English: The family heads of the grand master of the Date clan was granted the title of shosho (major general) for generations, a special treatment for tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), and the family was among the few which were allowed to marry to a princess of the shogun family.
Japanese: 伊達宗家の当主は少将に任ぜられ、外様大名の中では別格の扱いを受け、将軍家から降嫁がある数少ない家のひとつとされた。
English: Throughout the Edo Period, the clan grew its income by developing new fields and achieved a crop yield of about one million goku (278,000 cubic meters) at the end of the Edo Period.
Japanese: 江戸期を通じて、新田開発などにより実収入を増し、幕末には実高100万石余に及んだ。
English: However, many domain lords of the Date clan after the eighth, Narimura DATE, died before thirty, and a child adoption from other Date families continued to avoid the Mushi-kaieki (degrading of a social rank for the extinction of a family line), which led to the weak administration of the domain and finally the fall of the Date clan at the end of the Edo Period.
Japanese: しかし、8代藩主伊達斉村以降は30歳に達せず早死にする藩主が多く、一門からの養子でかろうじて無嗣改易を免れる状況が続き、これによる藩政の沈滞化が幕末の失敗につながった物と考えられる。
English: During the Edo Period, in addition to daimyo and a feudal retainer of Sendai Domain, the Date clan also served as hatamoto (the Suruga-Date clan line), a feudal retainer of Kishu Domain (the Suruga-Date clan line), a feudal retainer of Tsuyama Domain (Suruga-Date clan line) and a feudal retainer of Kubota Domain (descendants of Morishige KOKUBUN).
Japanese: 江戸時代には、大名家及び仙台藩士の他に旗本（駿河伊達氏系）、紀州藩士（駿河伊達氏系）、津山藩士（駿河伊達氏系）、久保田藩士（国分盛重の系統）にも伊達氏が確認できる。
English: In 1614, Uwajima Domain was founded by Hidemune, the eldest son of Masamune, in Iyo Province.
Japanese: 1614年、伊予国に政宗の長子秀宗を藩祖とする宇和島藩が創設された。
English: In 1657, the fifth son of Hidemune (the Uwajima domain founder), Munezumi DATE, was allowed to have a portion of the Uwajima domain (30,000 goku or 8,340 cubic meters), and established the Iyo-Yoshida Domain of the Uwajima Domain.
Japanese: 1657年宇和島藩初代藩主秀宗の五男・伊達宗純が宇和島藩より3万石を分知され宇和島藩伊予吉田藩を立藩。
English: In 1660, Tsunamune DATE was punished for his misconduct by bakufu and confined to his house, which triggered Date Sodo (the Date family riot).
Japanese: 1660年綱宗が不行跡を幕府に咎められて逼塞した事を発端に伊達騒動が起きている。
English: In the same year, the tenth child of Masamune, Munekatsu DATE, was allowed to have a portion of the Sendai Domain (30,000 goku) and founded the Mutsu-Ichinoseki Domain.
Japanese: 同年、政宗の十男・伊達宗勝が仙台藩より3万石を分知され陸奥一関藩を立藩。
English: In 1695, the second son of Tsunamura, Murayori DATE, was allowed to have a portion of Sendai Domain (30,000 goku) and founded the Mutsu-Mizusawa Domain.
Japanese: 1695年綱村の二男・伊達村和が仙台藩より3万石を分知され陸奥水沢藩を立藩。
English: Therefore, Sendai Domain was viewed as an Emperor's enemy and its domain was confiscated, but later given the land of 280,000 goku (77,840 cubic meters).
Japanese: そのため朝敵として処分され、いったん領地を没収された後、28万石を与えられた。
English: This deprived the Date clan of its power to feed its vassals, and was forced to cut hereditary stipends of 10,000 direct retainers and laid off 20,000 indirect vassals.
Japanese: このため家臣を養いえず、直臣1万の家禄を削減するとともに、陪臣2万に暇を出して解雇した。
English: When the Peerage Law was enacted, Munemoto DATE of Sendai Domain and Munee DATE of Uwajima Domain were both conferred a rank of count.
Japanese: 華族令施行により、仙台の伊達宗基と宇和島の伊達宗徳はともに伯爵に叙された。
English: Muneatsu DATE, a prefectural governor of Sendai Domain, and Munenori DATE of Uwajima Domain set up a new branch family in 1889 and 1892 respectively, and both were granted a title of baronage.
Japanese: 1889年に仙台藩知事伊達宗敦、1892年に宇和島の伊達宗倫がそれぞれ分家し男爵を授爵。
English: Also, Kunishige DATE and Masato DATE, grandson of Kuninao DATE, were granted a title of baronage for their achievement in the reclamation of Hokkaido.
Japanese: また、北海道開拓の功績により伊達邦成、伊達正人（伊達邦直の孫）が1892年に男爵を授爵。
English: In the early Showa Period, after Okimune DATE died, his widow started to behave in an autocratic manner and sold mountain forests owned by the Date clan without consulting other family members, which led to an internal conflict of the Date family (a 'new Date Sodo') and attracted people's attention.
Japanese: 昭和になり、伊達興宗亡き後夫人が伊達家の所有する山林を勝手に売却するなど横暴な振る舞いをして親族と争いごとに発展したとされ、世間で新伊達騒動と言われ注目された。
English: In 2001, Sendai City held a DATE Summit as one of the projects of a festival which marked the 400th anniversary of the start of Sendai Domain.
Japanese: 2001年、仙台市が仙台開府四百年祭の一事業として伊達交流サミットを開催した。
English: While there were many branch families of the Date clan in Mutsu Province, Date family lines which held the post of kokujin ryoshu (a local samurai lord) also existed in Suruga Province and Tajima Province.
Japanese: 陸奥国における伊達氏の庶家は多いが、伊達氏として国人領主の地位を保った家系が、駿河国・但馬国にあった。
English: The Suruga-Date clan was founded by Tameie DATE (the second son of Tomomune Date [the founder of the Date clan]), and Sukemune DATE, the seventh family head of the clan, was awarded territories in Irino-sho, Arito County, Suruga Province by Takauji ASHIKAGA in return for his achievements, and later, Sukemune designated Moroi-go, Yamana County, Totomi Province, as his ruling base.
Japanese: -伊達氏初代・伊達朝宗の次男伊達為家にはじまる家系で、その七世・伊達資宗が足利尊氏に従い功績を挙げて、駿河国有度郡入野庄に所領を得、後に遠江国山名郡諸井郷を本拠とした。
English: It originally started when the third family head, Yoshihiro DATE, was appointed as jitoshiki of the Tajima Province during the Kamakura Period, and his descendants remained in the area as a branch family in the Province.
Japanese: -三代当主伊達義広の流れで、鎌倉時代に同国の地頭職に補任されたことにより庶流が土着したものである。
English: During the Edo Period, four vassals, including the Rusu clan (the Mizusawa-Date clan), the Shiraishi clan (the Tome-Date clan), the Watari clan (the Wakudani-Date clan) and the Iwaki clan (the Iwayado-Date clan), were allowed to use the family name of DATE.
Japanese: -江戸時代には留守氏（水沢伊達家）、白石氏（登米伊達家）、亘理氏（涌谷伊達家）、岩城氏（岩谷堂伊達家）が伊達姓を許されている。
English: Gohei SAITO, the son of Matsugoro SAITO (Shioya), called himself DATE Gohei Masanori and was appointed as an accountant of the Omura Domain, and since then, his descendants had succeeded the family name of DATE.
Japanese: -斉藤（塩屋）松五郎の子五兵衛が伊達五兵衛政則と名乗り、大村藩勘定役に取り立てられ、子孫は伊達氏を称した。
English: "Date Shoto Seiji-ko", "Kansei Choshu Shokafu", "Eiroku Date Keizu", "Fukushima-ken shi" and "Fukushima-shi shi"
Japanese: 『伊達正統世次考』『寛政重修諸家譜』『永禄伊達系図』『福島県史』『福島市史』
English: Both the founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and the second family head is described as Sukemune who is identified as Yoshihiro, and the third family head is described as Tokitsuna.
Japanese: 伊達氏初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、二代は資宗＝義広とし、三代に時綱を挙げる。
English: The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Tamemune (although it might be a writing error as the eldest son of Nensai is also identified as Tanemune), and both Tokitsuna and Yoshihiro are described as sons of Nensai.
Japanese: 伊達初代も常陸入道念西も為宗（念西の長子も為宗となってるので誤記か?）とし、時綱・義広の兄弟を念西の子とする。
English: Hitachi-nyudo Nensai is identified as Tomomune, and it says that Munemura succeeded the reign of the clan as Arimune died young.
Japanese: 常陸入道念西を朝宗としているが、有宗が早世したから宗村が襲封したとある。
English: Tomomune and Munemura are described as male cousins, and it says that Munemura became the second family head, because the heir of Tomomune, Arimune, died young.
Japanese: 朝宗と宗村は従兄弟の関係で、朝宗の嗣子有宗が早世したので宗村が継いだとある。
English: The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and Tomomune and Munemura are described as a father and son, and it says that the Nakamura clan was succeeded by the second son of Tomomune, Tomosada.
Japanese: 伊達氏初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、朝宗と宗村は親子で、中村氏は朝宗の次男の朝定が継いだとある。
English: The founder of the Date clan and Hitachi-nyudo Nensai are identified as Munemura, and the second family head is described as Tameshige, and the third family head is described as Yoshihiro, son of Tameshige.
Japanese: 伊達初代も常陸入道念西も宗村とし、二代は為重、三代はその子義広とする。
English: Fukushima Castle (Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture) (alias: Suginome Castle, later Fukushima Castle)
Japanese: 福島城（福島県福島市）（別名杉妻（すぎのめ）城または杉目城、後の福島城）
English: Wakamatsu Castle (Oute Town, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture) (later Wakamatsu castle, alias: Tsuruga Castle, when the castle became called Wakamatsu Castle)
Japanese: 若松城（福島県会津若松市追手町）（後の若松城、若松城になってからの別名を鶴ヶ城）
English: In the war of 1600 fought between the Date clan and the Uesugi clan, after the rule over the Date County was handed over from Masamune DATE to Kagekatsu UESUGI, Masamune DATE stationed in the Oeda Castle before attacking the Yanagawa Castle.
Japanese: 伊達郡が伊達政宗から上杉景勝の支配に変わった後の1600年の伊達氏と上杉氏の戦では、梁川城を攻めるために伊達政宗が大枝城に布陣した。
English: Tate Mitsuhiki-ryo: in 1189, when Oshu Fujiwara clan was subjugated, the crest was given to Tomomune DATE by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 竪三引両　奥州藤原氏討伐の際の1189年（文治5年）、朝宗が源頼朝より拝領した。
English: Take ni suzume (bamboo and sparrow): this crest was a modified version of the original one that was given by Sadazane UESUGI as a gift, when the Date clan adopted a child of the Uesugi clan.
Japanese: 竹に雀（仙台笹）　上杉定実より養子縁組の引き出物として贈られたものを変形したもの。
English: In recognition of his military service for the subjugation of the Oshu-Abe clan (the subjugation of Oshu) (the Zen Kunen no Eki [the Early Nine Years' War]) by MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, FUJIWARA no Soen who called himself a great-grandchild of FUJIWARA no Michikane of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan was appointed to the Bettoshiki (office of head administrator) of the Utsunomiya (another name of the present Utsunomiya Futaarayama-jinja Shrine in Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture), and since the era of his grandson, Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA, the family had taken the surname of Utsunomiya.
Japanese: 藤原氏一族の藤原北家の藤原道兼の曾孫を称する藤原宗円が、源頼義、源義家の奥州安倍氏(奥州)討伐（前九年の役）での功により宇都宮（現・栃木県宇都宮市宇都宮二荒山神社の別称）別当職に任じられ、宗円の孫の宇都宮朝綱から苗字（名字）として宇都宮氏を名のる。
English: According to "Utsunomiya Shishi" (The history of Utsunomiya City) and "Seishi Kakei Daijiten" (a large dictionary of Japanese surnames), however, the fact that Soen was a descendant of FUJIWARA no Michikane was made up by his descendants and it is assumed that the Utsunomiya clan was descended from the Nakahara clan or a descendant of the ancient Kenu clan.
Japanese: しかし『宇都宮市史』や『姓氏家系大辞典』では、宗円を藤原道兼の子孫とするのは後世の仮冒で、宇都宮氏は中原氏の出、あるいは古代の毛野氏の後裔と想定している。
English: Since the birthplace of the Utsunomiya clan was Shimotsuke Province, it is often called the Shimotsuke-Utsunomiya clan to distinguish it from its branch families in other provinces.
Japanese: 宇都宮氏は下野国が本貫であったため、各地の庶家に対してしばしば下野宇都宮氏といわれることもある。
English: Serving as the head priest of the Utsunomiya Futaarayama-jinja Shrine which was ranked as Ichinomiya and Myojin-taisha Shrine in Shimotsuke Province and Nikko Betto shoku (head administrator of a temple in Nikko), the Utsunomiya clan was an important family that led both the Ki clan and the Kiyohara clan and maintained security in Shimotsuke Province as well as Japan for 22 consecutive generations for 500 years.
Japanese: 下野国一之宮名神大社であった宇都宮二荒山神社座主および日光別当職等を務め、紀氏清原氏両党を率い22代・500年に亘って下野国、さらには日本国土の治安維持を司った名家。
English: Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA praised as 'the best archer in the Kanto region' by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was the third head of the Utsunomiya clan.
Japanese: 源頼朝をして「関東一の弓取り」と言わしめた宇都宮朝綱は第3代宇都宮氏当主である。
English: The fifth family head, Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA (FUJIWARA no Yoritsuna) was a warrior who had a great achievement in the subjugation of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, but he was suspected of rebellion by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: また第5代宇都宮頼綱（藤原頼綱）は武人で奥州藤原氏討伐にも功績があったが、鎌倉幕府から謀反の嫌疑をかけられた。
English: He lived in a hermitage at the foot of Mt. Ogura in Sagano, Kyoto, and poems selected by his friend FUJIWARA no Teika were written in square papers on the fusuma (Japanese sliding doors) in the hermitage.
Japanese: 京都嵯峨野の小倉山麓の庵に住まい、その襖色紙には親交があった藤原定家によって選じられた首歌が書かれている。
English: Yoritsuna, a believer of Pure Land Sect (of Buddhism), built Nenbutsu-do Halls (a hall for ascetic practice of praying to Amida Buddha in a temple) in Tokiwa, Kyoto City, Kiryu City and Utsunomiya City, which are now inherited by the Nyuozan (入逢山) Saiho-ji Temple (Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City), the Umedasan Saiho-ji Temple (Kiryu City) and the Hokyusan (芳宮山) Seigan-ji Temple, respectively.
Japanese: 浄土宗を信仰した頼綱は、京常盤、桐生市、宇都宮市に念仏堂を建立し、現在もそれぞれ入逢山西方寺(京都市右京区)、梅田山西方寺(桐生市)、芳宮山清巌寺に受け継がれている。
English: In 1215, after Yoritsuna was forgiven by the bakufu, he worked to rebuild the Onjo-ji Temple (the present Mii-dera Temple) and then was appointed to Iyo no kuni Shugo (provincial military governor of Iyo Province) in recognition of his efforts (around from 1220 to 1235).
Japanese: 頼綱は幕府から許された後の1215年には園城寺（現在の三井寺）再建に尽力し、その功によって伊予国守護に任じられた（1220年頃～1235年頃）。
English: In the mid Kamakura period, the eighth family head, Sadatsuna UTSUNOMIYA went to the Kyushu region as the supreme commander of the Kamakura bakufu forces when Mongol invaded Japan and after the victory over Mongol, he was appointed to Hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代中期、第8代宇都宮貞綱は元寇の際、鎌倉幕府による討伐軍の総大将として九州に赴き、これに勝利すると鎌倉幕府引付衆に任じられた。