nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After that, he was assigned to defense the Azuchi-jo Castle and fought against Hidemasa HORI as a rear guard for Mitsuhide in Uchidehama during the Battle of Yamazaki against Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: その後、安土城の守備に就き、豊臣秀吉との山崎の合戦では光秀の後詰めとして打ち出浜で堀秀政と戦う。
English: After Hidemitsu was surrounded by the Hidemasa HORI's force and then handed over his treasures to the besieging army, he stabbed Mitsuhide's wife and children to death and set the castle on fire to kill himself.
Japanese: 堀秀政軍に城を囲まれた秀満は、財宝を包囲軍に渡した後、光秀の妻子を刺し殺し、城に火を放って自害したとされる。
English: Some doubt that Hidemitsu killed himself in the Sakamoto-jo Castle because there is no his grave in the Saikyo-ji Temple in Sakamoto where Mitsuhide's grave is found, and his name is not found in Kakocho (a family register of deaths), or nobody witnessed Hidemitsu's death.
Japanese: 一説には光秀の墓のある坂本の西教寺に、秀満の墓がなく、過去帳に名前もないこと、あるいは、坂本城で確実に死んだといえる人物がいないことから、秀満が坂本城で自害したとするのには疑問があるとする。
English: For example, Chokansai MIYAKE who is thought to have been a Keeper of Sakamoto-jo Castle was captured in Yokoyama (Fukuchiyama) and executed.
Japanese: 例えば、坂本城代とされる三宅長閑斎は、横山（福知山）で捕らえられ刑死した。
English: Fuyuhiro Tsumaki (妻木冬広), father of Mitsuhide's ex-wife, killed himself in front of his daughter's grave in the Saikyo-ji Temple a couple of days after the surrender of the Sakamoto-jo Castle.
Japanese: 光秀の前妻の父妻木冬広は、坂本落城後数日経ってから、西教寺の娘の墓前で自害した。
English: A Hidemitsu's son (later Shigetoshi MIYAKE) later became a vassal of Katataka TERASAWA and then was killed by the uprising force led by Shiro AMAKUSA in the Amakusa War when he was a Keeper of Tomioka-jo Castle in Amakusa.
Japanese: 秀満の子（後の三宅重利）は、その後寺沢堅高の家臣となり、天草富岡城代であったときに、天草の乱の際に天草四郎率いる一揆軍に殺されたという。
English: According the legend in the Seian-ji Temple (Tendai Shinseishu sect) near the Sakamoto-jo Castle, Hidemitsu changed into a priest's garb, and his saddle has been kept in the Saikyo-ji Temple, the head temple of Tendai Shinseishu sect.
Japanese: 坂本城の近くの盛安寺（天台真盛宗）には、秀満が僧衣に着替えたという伝承があり、天台真盛宗本山の西教寺には、その鞍が置かれている。
English: At first, his armor and helmet (possessed by Tokyo National Museum now) and Jinbaori (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor) were kept in the Saikyo-ji Temple.
Japanese: 当初は、鎧兜（現在、東京国立官博物館所蔵）や陣羽織も西教寺に保管されていたという。
English: There is no doubt that he was a shadowy figure all his life.
Japanese: 秀満は、その生まれから最期まで、謎に包まれた人物であることは間違いない。
English: The theory that Mitsuhide AKECHI was Tenkai, a sojo (the official Buddhist priest in the highest position) in the early Edo period is popular, but some say that Hidemitsu was Tenkai.
Japanese: 明智光秀を江戸初期の僧正・天海の前身とする説は有名だが、秀満こそ天海とする説がある。
English: It is said that Tenkai was from Oshu (Mutsu province), but his family crest was the same as those of the Toyama clan and Miyake clan (Maru ni futatsu bikiryo [two lines in a circle] and Miyake Rinpo [wheel]) and therefore, some say that Kageharu TOYAMA mentioned above became Tenkai.
Japanese: 天海の出自は奥州であるとされるが、使用した家紋が遠山氏と三宅氏の家紋（丸に二引両と三宅輪宝）と同じであるため、上記の遠山景玄が天海にまでなったという説もある。
English: One theory has it that Tarogoro, Hidemitsu's illegitimate son was an ancestor of Ryoma SAKAMOTO who played an active role in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 秀満の庶子太郎五郎が、幕末に活躍した坂本龍馬の先祖であるという説がある。
English: Some argue, however, that it was unlikely for him to set the Azuchi-jo Castle on fire because he killed Mitsuhide's wife and children and then set the Sakamoto-jo Castle on fire to kill himself after he handed over many treasures to Hidemasa HORI when the Sakamoto-jo Castle was besieged, but it is uncertain.
Japanese: しかし、秀満は坂本城を包囲された際、多くの文化財を堀秀政に明け渡した後、光秀の妻子を殺害し、城に火を放って自害しているため、安土城に放火したとは考えにくいと反論があるが定かではない。
English: There remains the legend of 'Crossing of Lake Biwa by Akechi Samanosuke (vice-minister of Left Division of Bureau of Horses)' that Hidemitsu crossed Lake Biwa on horseback.
Japanese: 琵琶湖の湖上を馬で越えたという「明智左馬助の湖水渡り」伝説が残されている。
English: TAIRA no Yukimori (Year of birth unknown - April 25, 1185) was a military commander who lived during the late Heian Period.
Japanese: 平行盛（たいらのゆきもり、生年未詳-元暦2年3月24日(旧暦)（1185年4月25日））は、平安時代末期の武将。
English: However, Yukinori was educated by his uncle, TAIRA no Shigemori, who felt pity for Yukinori and appointed to a government post, Sama no kami (Captain of Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses), with the Heike clan's advancement in social status.
Japanese: しかし、これを憐れんだ伯父の平重盛によって養育され、平家一門の栄達にともない左馬頭に任官する。
English: During the Jisho-Juei War, he joined the battle of Kurikara Pass, the battle of Mikusayama, the battle of Fujito, the battle of Okushima, etc.
Japanese: 治承・寿永の乱においては、倶利伽羅峠の戦い、三草山の戦い、藤戸の戦い、屋島の戦いなどに参加。
English: Particularly in the battle of Fujito, as Daishogun (command in chief), Yukinori fought with the forces of the Genji clan led by Moritsuna SASAKI.
Japanese: 特に藤戸の戦いにおいては、大将軍として佐々木盛綱率いる源氏方と対戦した。
English: In March 1185, the Heike clan was finally defeated at the battle of Dan-no-ura, and Yukinori and his cousins, TAIRA no Sukemori and TAIRA no Arimori, killed themselves by jumping into water and drowning ("Heike Monogatari" [The Tales of the Heike]).
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）3月、壇ノ浦の戦いにおいて最終的な敗北を喫し、従兄弟の平資盛、平有盛とともに入水自殺（平家物語）。
English: It is said that Yukinori had a boy named Nobumoto (Tokinobu) who sailed to Tanegashima island and became an ancestor of the Tanegashima clan.
Japanese: 一説によると信基（時信）という男児がおり、種子島に渡って種子島氏の祖となったと伝わる。
English: FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (706 - October 21, 764) was a kugyo (a high court noble) of the Nara Period.
Japanese: 藤原仲麻呂（ふじわらのなかまろ、慶雲3年（706年）-天平宝字8年9月18日(旧暦)（764年10月21日））は、奈良時代の公卿。
English: In the "Kugyobunin" (a directory of court nobles) and the "Sonpi Bunmyaku" (records of the lineages of the aristocracy), Nakamaro (仲麻呂) is also referred to as "仲麿" (Nakamaro) or "仲丸" (Nakamaro).
Japanese: 『公卿補任』、『尊卑分脈』には"仲麿"または"仲丸"と記載されている。
English: In 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), Nakamaro is viewed as 'clever and 略書記にわたる'
Japanese: 「続日本紀」は仲麻呂を「率性聡敏にして、略書記にわたる」と評している。
English: In 737, a smallpox epidemic killed his father, Muchimaro, and his four brothers one after another, which greatly reduced the power of the FUJIWARA clan.
Japanese: 天平9年（737年）、天然痘の流行により父の武智麻呂を含む藤原四兄弟が相次いで死去し、藤原氏の勢力は大きく後退した。
English: It is believed that Nakamaro enjoyed the deep trust of the Empress Komyo, his aunt, and had a good relationship with her Crown Princess, the Empress Koken, at that time.
Japanese: 仲麻呂は叔母にあたる光明皇后の信任が厚く、また皇太子孝謙天皇ともこの時は良好な関係にあったとされる。
English: There is a speculation that Nakamaro poisoned Prince Asaka in the ancient capital of Kuni-kyo (present-day Kyoto Prefecture) and led him to a sudden death in February 5, 744, but some doubted the theory.
Japanese: 天平16年1月13日(旧暦)（744年3月1日）の安積親王の恭仁京での急死は､仲麻呂による毒殺説があるが疑問も出されている。
English: In 749 when the Emperor Shomu abdicated the throne to Imperial Princess Abe and she ascended to the Imperial Throne (the Empress Koken), Nakamaro was promoted to Dainagon (the chief councilor of the state).
Japanese: 天平勝宝元年（749年）、聖武天皇が譲位して阿倍内親王が即位（孝謙天皇）すると、仲麻呂は大納言に昇進。
English: With the trust of the Empress Komyo and the Empress Koken, Nakamaro seized power both in the government and military, and started to compete against TACHIBANA no Moroe, Sadaijin (Minister of the left), to gain ultimate power in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 光明皇后と孝謙天皇の信任を背景に政権と軍権の両方を掌握した仲麻呂は、左大臣橘諸兄と権勢を競うようになった。
English: In 755, however, Moroe resigned his post in shame when it was revealed that he defamed the Imperial Court, and died in despair two years later.
Japanese: 天平勝宝7歳（755年）、諸兄が朝廷を誹謗したとの密告があり、諸兄は恥じて官を辞職し、2年後に失意のうちに死去した。
English: In 756, Shomu Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor Shomu) died and Funado no Okimi became the Crown Prince according to the will of Shomu Daijo Tenno.
Japanese: 天平勝宝8歳（756年）、聖武太上天皇が崩御し、遺言により道祖王が皇太子された。
English: However, in March 757, Prince Funado was deposed from the Crown Prince for his unethical demeanor during the mourning period of the deceased Shomu Daijo Tenno.
Japanese: だが天平宝字元年（757年）3月、道祖王は喪中の不徳な行動が問題視されて廃太子された。
English: As a replacement, the Emperor Junnin, who was married to the widow (AWATA no Morone) of Nakamaro's first son, FUJIWARA no Mayori, was formally installed as the Crown Prince.
Japanese: 代わって、仲麻呂の早世した長男藤原真従の未亡人（粟田諸姉）を妃とする淳仁天皇が立太子される。
English: Naramaro conspired with OTOMO no Komaro to kill Nakamaro and back up Prince Kibumi, but it was revealed by Kamitsumichi no Hitatsu in June of the same year.
Japanese: 奈良麻呂は、大伴古麻呂らとともに仲麻呂を殺害し、黄文王らを擁立するなどの反乱を企てるが、同年6月、上道斐太都らの密告により露見。
English: Naramaro, Prince Funado and OTOMO no Komaro were killed by torture, and the older brother of Nakamaro, FUJIWARA no Toyonari (Udaijin [Minister of the right]), was also relegated to a lower position for his involvement in the plot.
Japanese: 奈良麻呂、道祖王、大伴古麻呂らは拷問で獄死、事件に関与したとして仲麻呂の兄の右大臣藤原豊成も左遷された。
English: In 758, the Emperor Koken abdicated the throne to Prince Oi and the Prince ascended to the Imperial Throne as the Emperor Junnin.
Japanese: 天平宝字2年（758年）、孝謙天皇が譲位して大炊王が即位（淳仁天皇）した。
English: Nakamaro, who backed up the Emperor Junnin, started unique politics by promoting Tokuji policies (ruling a nation by virtue of a sovereign), which included raising the age of chunan (men between 17 to 20 years of age) and seitei (men between 21 and 60 years of age) and halving the amount of zoyo (irregular corvee), and also by adopting more Chinese-style systems such as renaming of the government posts in a Chinese style, (i.e. Daijokan [Grand Council of State] was changed into Kenseikan, and Daijo-daijin [Grand Minister] into Taishi.
Japanese: 淳仁天皇を擁立した仲麻呂は独自な政治を行うようになり、中男・正丁の年齢繰上げや雑徭の半減、問民苦使・平準署の創設など徳治政策を進めるとともに、官名を唐風に改称させるなど唐風政策を推進した（太政官→乾政官、太政大臣→大師など。
English: Nakamaro was appointed Taiho (Udaijin) and given the name of EMI no Oshikatsu in October 5, the same year.
Japanese: 仲麻呂は太保（右大臣）に任ぜられ、同年8月25日(旧暦)（10月5日）、恵美押勝の名を与えられる。
English: In the same year, upon receiving information on the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion in Tang China, Nakamaro ordered to reinforce the defenses in various provinces including Dazai-fu (a local government office in Kyushu region).
Japanese: 同年、唐で安史の乱が起きたとの報が日本にもたらされ、仲麻呂は大宰府をはじめ諸国の防備を厳にすることを命じる。
English: In 759, in the wake of the report that Shiragi (an ancient Korean kingdom) took a rude attitude to a Japanese missionary, Nakamaro ordered to be prepared for the conquest of Shiragi.
Japanese: 天平宝字3年（759年）、新羅が日本の使節に無礼をはたらいたとして、仲麻呂は新羅征伐の準備をはじめさせた。
English: A full-scale expeditionary army was formed with 394 warships and 47,000 soldiers.
Japanese: 軍船394隻、兵士4万700人を動員する本格的な遠征計画が立てられた。
English: In 760, Nakamaro was made the first Taishi (Daijo-daijin [Grand Minister]) not from the imperial family.
Japanese: 天平宝字4年（760年）、仲麻呂は皇族以外で初めて太師（太政大臣）に任ぜられる。
English: In 761, the Emperor Junnin and the retired Empress Koken were sent to Hora no Miya Palace (a detached palace) of Omi Province.
Japanese: 天平宝字5年(761年)、淳仁天皇と孝謙上皇を近江国の保良宮に行幸させる。
English: In 762, Nakamaro promoted his three sons, FUJIWARA no Masaki, FUJIWARA no Kusumaro and FUJIWARA no Asakari to Sangi (councilor).
Japanese: 天平宝字6年（762年）、仲麻呂は3人の息子の藤原真先、藤原訓儒麻呂、藤原朝狩を参議につけた。
English: This enraged the retired Empress, who then announced that she would enter a nunnery and strip the Emperor Junnin of his sovereign authority to handle major political matters and to award honors and punishment.
Japanese: これが孝謙上皇を激怒させ、上皇は出家して尼になるとともに天皇から大事・賞罰の大権を奪うことを宣言した。
English: The retired Empress Koken deepened her love to Dokyo even further and promoted him to Shosozu (a junior prelate).
Japanese: 孝謙上皇の道鏡への寵愛は更に深まり、天平宝字7年（763年）、少僧都とした。
English: Amid a deepened confrontation between 'the retired Empress Koken and Dokyo' and 'the Emperor Junnin and Nakamaro', Nakamaro felt his position was threatened and had himself appointed as Totoku (a governor general) to obtain more military power.
Japanese: 孝謙上皇・道鏡と淳仁天皇・仲麻呂との対立は深まり、危機感を抱いた仲麻呂は天平宝字8年（764年）、都督に任じ、さらなる軍事力の掌握を企てた。
English: However, this attempt was disclosed as a rebellion against the retired Empress Koken, and the Emperor Junnin was stripped of the gyoji (imperial seal) and the ekirei (a bell needed for the exercise of the imperial power) by the retired Empress, forcing Nakamaro to flee the Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).
Japanese: しかし、謀反との密告もあり、淳仁天皇の保持する御璽・駅鈴を奪われるなど孝謙上皇に先手を打たれて、仲麻呂は平城京を脱出する。
English: Although Nakamaro made a final stand in Sanbi, Takashima County, Omi Province, the government army defeated him in the end.
Japanese: 仲麻呂は近江国高島郡の三尾で最後の抵抗をするが官軍に攻められて敗北する。
English: Nakamaro tried to run away with his wife and sons to Biwa-ko Lake by boat, but was caught by an army personnel, IWARE no Iwatate, to be beheaded.
Japanese: 敗れた仲麻呂は妻子と琵琶湖に舟をだして逃れようとするが官兵石村石楯に捕らえられて斬首された。
English: Every member of the Nakamaro family was killed except his sixth son, FUJIWARA no Yoshio, who was spared his life and sent to Oki Province and later appointed as Daigaku no kami (a director of the Bureau of Education) and as Onmyo no kami (a director of Onmyoryo, or Bureau of Divination) one after another in the era of the Emperor Kanmu.
Japanese: 仲麻呂の一族はことごとく殺されたが、六男・藤原刷雄は死刑を免れて隠岐国に流されて、桓武天皇の時代に大学頭・陰陽頭を歴任している。
English: Also, his purported 11th son, Tokuitsu, was not killed either, but sent to Todai-ji Temple to enter into priesthood, and later became the founder of Chisoku-in Chuzen-ji Temple on Mt. Tsukuba.
Japanese: また、十一男と伝わる徳一も処刑されず東大寺に預けられて出家し、筑波山知足院中禅寺の開山者となる。
English: Among the policies Nakamaro promoted, many of them including Yoro Ritsuryo Code, were passed on to the subsequent governments after some amendments were made, except the renaming of the governmental posts which were returned to the originals soon afterward.
Japanese: また、仲麻呂の推進してきた政策のうち官名の唐風改称こそは廃されて元に戻されたものの、養老律令をはじめ多くの政策が一部修正を加えられながらも、その後の政権によって継続されている。
English: Suenaga TAKESAKI (1246 - around 1314) was a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) of the Kyushu region who lived during the middle of the Kamakura Period.
Japanese: 竹崎季長（たけさきすえなが、寛元4年（1246年）-正和3年（1314年）頃）は、鎌倉時代中期における九州地方の御家人。
English: In 1274 during the Bunei War (the first attempted invasion by the Yuan Dynasty [Mongol]) of Genko (Mongol invasion attempt against Japan, consisting of two different wars) Suenaga joined the army of Kagesuke SHONI of Hakozaki, Hakata (present-day Fukuoka Prefecture), and had his corps based in Okinohama.
Japanese: 文永11年（1274年）、元(王朝)（蒙古）の第一次侵攻である文永の役（元寇）では、博多において箱崎の少弐景資の軍に参陣し、息浜に陣した。
English: However, as Takefusa was not working under the command of the Shoni clan, Suenaga was able to become the first soldier to attack the Mongolian soldiers among the Shoni corps though suffering war wounds.
Japanese: しかし、武房は少弐氏の指揮下ではなく、季長は戦傷を負いながらも一番駆けの武功を立てた。
English: The Bunei War ended overnight when the Mongolian army retreated from the Hakata bay due to a strong rain or its own strategic failure.
Japanese: 文永の役は、暴風雨とも撤退とも言われる事情で蒙古軍が一夜にして博多湾から去り、終結する。
English: It is believed that the battle did not earn Suenaga any rewards for his service, either because what he had done in the War was not regarded as a distinguished war service (rather, it was considered that he merely received an injury in the war), or because his achievement was not reported to the feudal government due to a mishandling of an administrative procedure.
Japanese: 季長の武功は、負傷したのみであり、戦功とは認められなかった、あるいは事務的な手違いで報告されておらず、恩賞も与えられなかったと言われている。
English: Being dissatisfied with the decision, Suenaga went to Kamakura by selling his horses to make money for the trip and filed a complaint directly to the feudal government in June 1275.
Japanese: 季長はこれを不服として、建治元年（1275年）6月にウマなどを処分して旅費を調達し、鎌倉へ赴いて幕府に直訴する。
English: He was finally allowed to meet with Yasumori ADACHI, a bugyo (magistrate), in August the same year, and appointed as Jito (the lord of a manor) of Kaito-go, Higo Province.
Japanese: 同年8月には奉行である安達泰盛との面会を果たし、恩賞地として肥後国海東郷の地頭に任じられた。
English: In 1281 after the Koan War (the second Mongolian attempt to invade Japan), Suenaga was awarded a massive amount of compensations by cutting his way into enemy vessels in a naval battle in the Shikanoshima Island and Iki Province under the direction of Morimune ADACHI (a son of Yasumori).
Japanese: 弘安4年（1281年）、蒙古の第二次侵攻である弘安の役では、安達盛宗（泰盛の子）の指揮下において、志賀島や壱岐国の海戦で敵の軍船に斬り込む等の活躍をして軍功を挙げ、多大な恩賞を与えられた。
English: After the war, Suenaga ordered "Moko Shurai Ekotoba" aka. "Takesaki Suenaga Ekotoba" to be drawn, in which his achievements and his trip to Kamakura were depicted, and he offered the picture scroll to Kosa-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 戦後には元寇における自らの武功や鎌倉へ赴く事情などを中心に『蒙古襲来絵詞』（竹崎季長絵詞）を描かせ、甲佐神社へ奉納した。
English: It is also said that the picture scroll was drawn in order to pray for the repose of the souls of Yasumori ADACHI and Kagesuke SHONI who had helped Suenaga to receive rewards but were killed in the Shimotsuki Incident (a coup to destroy Gokenin [immediate vassals of the shogunate] by Miuchibito [private vassals of the tokuso]) in 1285.
Japanese: このとき季長に恩賞の便宜を取り計らった安達泰盛や少弐景資らは、弘安8年（1285年）の霜月騒動で滅びており、恩義のある彼らへの鎮魂の意味があるとも指摘されている。
English: KIBI no Makibi (695 - November 3, 775) was a scholar, a statesman and a Kugyo (a court noble) who lived during the Nara Period.
Japanese: 吉備真備（きびのまきび、持統天皇9年（695年）-宝亀6年10月2日(旧暦)（775年11月3日））は、日本の奈良時代の学者、政治家（公卿）。
English: Makibi's father was SHIMOTSUMICHI no Kunikatsu, Ueji no shojo (Jr. Lieutenant of the Right Guards), in Shimotsumichi District, Bicchu Province (later Mabi Town, Kibi County, Okayama Prefecture, and present-day Mabi Town, Kurashiki City), and his mother was from the local ruling family, the Yagi clan, of Yamato Province (later Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 備中国下道郡（後の岡山県吉備郡真備町、現在の倉敷市真備町）出身の父は右衛士少尉下道圀勝（しもつみちのくにかつ）、母は楊貴氏（八木）氏（大和国（後の奈良県）の豪族）。
English: Makibi SHIMOTSU was appointed as a member of the Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty of China in 716 when he was 22 years old, and visited Tang in the following year, 717.
Japanese: 716年（霊亀2年）、下道真備は22歳のときに遣唐留学生となり、翌年の717年（養老元年）に入唐した。
English: On his way back to Japan, Makibi drifted to Tanegashima Island once but managed to arrive in Kyoto in 735 with various kinds of books.
Japanese: 帰路では種子島に漂着するが、735年（天平7年）に多くの典籍を携えて帰国した。
English: In Tang, he learned not only Confucianism, but also astronomy, music and military science, and brought back "Tokan Kanki" (historical records of Eastern Han Dynasty) to Japan, and offered to the Imperial Court many other books and materials, including Keisho (Confucianism documents [130 volumes of "Torai"]), an astronomical calendar book (one volume of "Taien Calendar" and 12 volumes of "Daienreki Ryusei"), a sun clock (Sokuei Kaneshaku), music instruments (Dorikkan, 鉄如方響, 写律管声12条), music theory books (ten volumes of "Gakusho Yoroku"), bows (arms) (絃纏漆角弓、馬上飲水漆角弓、露面漆四節角弓各1張) and arrows (20 of Shakosen [square arrow] and 10 of Heishasen [flat arrow]).
Japanese: 唐では儒学のほか、天文学や音楽、兵学などを学び、帰朝時には、経書（『唐礼』130巻）、天文暦書（『大衍暦経』1巻、『大衍暦立成』12巻）、日時計（測影鉄尺）、楽器（銅律管、鉄如方響、写律管声12条）、音楽書（『楽書要録』10巻）、弓(武器)（絃纏漆角弓、馬上飲水漆角弓、露面漆四節角弓各1張）、矢（射甲箭20隻、平射箭10隻）などを献上し、『東漢観記』を持ち来たらした。
English: After his return, Makibi earned the favor of Emperor Shomu and Empress Komyo, and got promoted to Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) in 737.
Japanese: 帰朝後は聖武天皇や光明皇后の寵愛を得て、737年（天平9年）に従五位に列せられた。
English: In 738, when TACHIBANA no Moroe was promoted to Udaijin and seized power of the feudal government, Makibi was assigned with an important role along with the priest Genbo who returned from Tang with Makibi, and was appointed Ueji no kami (Guard chief).
Japanese: 738年（天平10年）に橘諸兄が右大臣に任ぜられて政権を握ると、同時に帰国した僧玄ボウとともに重用され、真備は右衛士督の役職を兼ねた。
English: In 740, FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu raised a rebellion in Dazai-fu (the local government office in the Kyushu region) in an attempt to remove Makibi and Genbo.
Japanese: 740年には、真備と玄昉を除くのを名目に、大宰府で藤原広嗣が反乱を起こしている。
English: In 741, Makibi taught "Kanjo" (Historical records of the Han Dynasty) and "Raiki" (Book of Rites) to the Imperial Princess Abe (later Empress Koken and Empress Shotoku) as Togugakushi (an educator of the Princess).
Japanese: 741年に東宮学士として皇太子阿倍内親王（後の孝謙天皇・称徳天皇）に『漢書』や『礼記』を教授した。
English: After his return, Makibi was on the fast track to promotion; he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and appointed Togu no daibu (Master of the Crown Prince's Quarters) and also Kotaishigakushi (an official in charge of education of the Crown Prince) in 743, given the surname of KIBI-ASON in 746, appointed Ukyo no Daibu Juyoi (Minister of the Kyoto Right Administration Office) in 747, and again promoted to Jushiijo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) in 749.
Japanese: その後、743年（天平15年）には従四位下、春宮大夫兼皇太子学士、746年（天平18年）には吉備朝臣の姓を賜り、747年に右京大夫に転じて749年（天平勝宝元年）には従四位上に昇った。
English: In 750, after Empress Koken was enthroned, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro started to wield his power and Makibi was relegated to the lower positions of Chikuzen no kami (the governor of the Chikuzen Province) and Hizen no kami (the governor of the Hizen Province), but in 751 Makibi was appointed the assistant to the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty of China and visited Tang in 752 where Makibi reunited with ABE no Nakamaro.
Japanese: 孝謙天皇即位後の750年には、藤原仲麻呂が専権し、真備は、筑前守、肥前守に左遷されたが、751年には遣唐副使となり、752年（天平勝2年）に入唐し阿倍仲麻呂と再会する。
English: Although Makibi drifted to Yakushima Island on his way back to Japan, he safely returned to Kyoto with Ganjin (a priest of Tang) in 753.
Japanese: 753年には帰路で屋久島に漂着するが、鑑真を伴って無事に帰国している。
English: In 754, Makibi was promoted to Dazai no shoni (Junior Assistant Governor-General) of Dazai-fu (a military base) in Chikuzen Province where he ordered to build Ito-jo Castle to reinforce the national defense against Shila (ancient Korean kingdom) in 756.
Japanese: 754年（天平勝宝6年）には大宰少弐に昇任、756年に新羅に対する防衛のため筑前国に怡土城を築いた。
English: He then received an order from the Emperor to prepare the Dazai-fu for the aftermath of the An Shi Rebellion which occurred in Tang, and was again promoted to Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor General of Dazai-fu) in 759.
Japanese: 758年には大宰府で唐での安史の乱に備えるよう勅を受け、759年（天平宝字3年）に大宰大弐（大宰府の次官）に昇任した。
English: In 764, Makibi was appointed as the chief in the Todaiji-Temple construction and returned to Kyoto at the age of 70.
Japanese: 764年（天平宝字8年）には造東大寺長官に任ぜられ、70歳で帰京した。
English: When EMI no Oshikatsu (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro) raised a rebellion, Makibi was promoted to Jusani (Junior Third Rank) to head a government army (a punitive force to search and kill a rebel) as Chue no daisho (Major Captain of the imperial guard) and succeeded in crushing the rebellion, after which Makibi was conferred 'Order of Second Class' in 765.
Japanese: 恵美押勝（藤原仲麻呂）が反乱を起こした際には、従三位に昇叙され、中衛大将として追討軍を指揮して乱鎮圧に功を挙げ（藤原仲麻呂の乱）、765年には勲二等を授けられた。
English: In 766, Makibi was appointed Chunagon (the vice-councilor of state) with the backing of Empress Shotoku (an empress regnant, a second enthronement of Empress Koken) and YUGE no Dokyo (Priest Emperor), and promoted to Dainagon (Major Counselor) upon the death of FUJIWARA no Matate, and Makibi finally assumed the post of Udaijin (Minister of the right) to take the helm of the state in tandem with Sadaijin (Minister of the left), FUJIWARA no Nagate.
Japanese: 766年（天平神護2年）、称徳天皇（孝謙天皇の重祚）と法王に就任した弓削道鏡の下で中納言となり、藤原真楯の薨逝で大納言となった後、右大臣に昇進して、左大臣の藤原永手とともに政治を執った。
English: This was an extraordinary promotion that no one from one local ruling family could easily achieve, and Makibi also became the first scholar-turned minister in pre-modern history except SUGAWARA no Michizane.
Japanese: これは、地方豪族出身者としては破格の出世であり、学者から立身して大臣にまでなったのも、近世以前では、吉備真備と菅原道真のみである。
English: In 770, after Empress Shotoku died, Makibi backed FUNYA no Kiyomi and FUNYA no Ochi as candidates to the next Emperor, but his effort bore no fruit and it is believed Makibi later said 'I have never imagined to live to see myself humiliated this much'.
Japanese: 770年（宝亀元年）、称徳天皇が崩じた後には、後継の天皇候補として文室浄三および文室大市を推したが敗れ、「長生の弊、却りて此の恥に合ふ」と嘆息したという。
English: However, this series of events concerning the enthronement is only described in the history books and historical fictions compiled in later times, such as "Mizu Kagami" (The Water Mirror) but not appear in "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued); therefore, many critics (including Sadako TAKINAMI, a historian of ancient Japanese history) doubt the authenticity of the descriptions on the events.
Japanese: ただし、この即位をめぐる話は『水鏡』など後世の史書や物語にしかみえておらず、『続日本紀』には認められないので、後世の作り話ではないかと疑うひとも多い（瀧浪貞子など）。
English: Although Makibi offered his resignation due to aging after the enthronement of Emperor Konin, the Emperor only allowed him to resign from his concurrent post of Chue no daisho (Major Captain of the imperial guard), but retained him as Udaijin.
Japanese: 光仁天皇即位後、真備は老齢を理由に辞職を願い出るが、光仁天皇は兼職の中衛大将のみの解任を許し、右大臣の職は慰留した。