nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Before the dawn of the next day, the court nobles left the court and the armies of five domains, such as Satsuma Domain, Geishu Domain and Owari Domain, who had been on standby, guarded the nine gates of the Imperial Palace to prohibit Nariyuki NIJO and other government officials from entering the Imperial Palace, then the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule was announced at the Emperor's study room inside the Imperial Palace under the presence of the Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 翌9日未明、公卿たちが退廷した後、待機していた薩摩藩・芸州藩・尾張藩など5藩の軍が御所9門を固め、摂政二条斉敬をはじめ要人の御所への立ち入りを禁止した後、明治天皇臨御の下、御所内学問所において王政復古の大号令が発せられた。
English: It declared the launch of a new administration and the direct rule by the Emperor, and accounted the abolition of Sessho (regent), Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) and Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) and instead, the creation of three offices; president, legislature, and councilor.
Japanese: 新政権の樹立と天皇親政をうたい、摂政・関白・征夷大将軍職の廃止、新たに総裁、議定、参与の三職を置くなどの方針が発表された。
English: This led to the deprivation of voices from Sessho Nijo, Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko and other pro-bakufu court nobles.
Japanese: これにより、二条摂政や久邇宮朝彦親王ら親幕府的な公卿は発言権を失うことになった。
English: Following the Decree, newly-appointed three offices were called to Kogosho Palace to hold Kogosho Conference from around 18:00 on that day.
Japanese: この大号令を受けて、さっそく新設の三職を小御所へ召集し、同日18時頃から小御所会議が開かれた。
English: These participants were assigned to the three offices (president, legislature, councilor) after the Restoration of Imperial Rule
Japanese: これらの参席者は王政復古に伴い三職（総裁・議定・参与）に任ぜられたものである。
English: But the appointment of most of the feudal retainers for the domains came later (January 4-6, 1868); for example, Yoshitomo OZAKI from Owari, Shikanosuke MENJU from Echizen, Heiji KUBOTA from Geishu, and Takachika FUKUOKA from Tosa, who were not present at the Kogosho Conference, were later appointed councilors.
Japanese: ただし各藩の藩士はほとんどが後日（12月10日～12日）の追任であり、小御所会議に出席していない尾張の尾崎良知、越前の毛受鹿之助、芸州の久保田平司、土佐の福岡孝悌も参与に追任されている。
English: Okubo and Saigo plotted the disempowerment of the Tokugawa Family at the occasion of the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule by demanding Yoshinobu to jikan (resign the government post as the Minister of the Center) and nochi (return the Tokugawa land to the Emperor) by issuance of an Imperial order, but faced protest from Yodo YAMAUCHI and Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, both legislature, so the consideration was suspended until Kogosho Conference.
Japanese: 大久保や西郷としては、王政復古の大号令の際に、慶喜の辞官（内大臣の辞職）・納地（徳川家領の返上）の勅命を出させ、徳川家を無力化させることを企図していたが、議定山内容堂・松平春嶽らの抵抗により、審議は小御所会議にずれ込んだ。
English: After the meeting was called to order by Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, Emperor Meiji's maternal grandfather, court nobles raised an agenda saying 'Although Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA returned the administration to the Imperial court, we doubt his genuine royalty. We should reprimand him to show his royalty by actual performance (which indicates Jikan nochi [an order for surrendering the Shogunate post and domains to the Imperial court]).'
Japanese: 明治天皇の外祖父である議定中山忠能から開会が宣言された後、公家側から「徳川慶喜は政権を返上したというが、果たして忠誠の心から出たものかどうかは怪しい。忠誠を実績を持って示す（辞官納地を指す）よう譴責すべきである」との議題が出される。
English: But Yodo YAMAUCHI intervened and argued, 'This conference is insidious, not allowing Yoshinobu to participate nor giving him to say, for all the contributions he made until now. This is just a few court nobles' trial to steel the authority backing up an amateur Emperor as their leader.'
Japanese: しかし山内容堂はそれを遮り、「この会議に、今までの功績がある徳川慶喜を出席させず、意見を述べる機会を与えないのは陰険である。数人の公家が幼い天皇を擁して権力を盗もうとしているだけだ」と論陣を張った。
English: Iwakura refuted this, saying 'The Emperor is a rare and distinguished monarch and today's incident is all what he approved. It is absurd to call him amateur,' so Yodo apologized his inappropriate comment.
Japanese: それに対し、岩倉が「帝は不世出の英主であり、今日のことはすべて天皇のご決断である。それを幼い天皇とは妄言である」と論駁したため、容堂が失言を謝罪した。
English: But there is a theory that this conversation between Yodo and Iwakura is an 'episode' created afterward.
Japanese: ただし、この容堂と岩倉のやり取りは後に作られた「挿話」であるという説もある。
English: Shungaku MATSUDAIRA rescued Yodo from asking again for the attendance of Yoshinobu but Iwakura and Okubo strictly rejected by listing all sorts of Tokugawa Family's guilt.
Japanese: 松平春嶽が容堂に助け船を出し、慶喜の出席を重ねて求めたが、岩倉や大久保利通は徳川家の罪状を並べてこれを断然拒否する。
English: Okubo insisted that Yoshinobu's attendance would be possible only on the premise that he would accept Jikan nochi, and if not, his sin must be brought to light, but Shojiro GOTO sided with Yodo saying that it was important to act fair thus the Conference was insidious.
Japanese: 大久保は慶喜が辞官納地に応ずることが前提であり、それがない時は免官削地を行いその罪を天下にさらすべきと主張したが、後藤象二郎は公明正大な措置が肝心でこの会議は陰険であると容堂の論を支持。
English: It was only Mochihisa SHIMAZU who assented to Iwakura and Okubo, and the course of the conference was leaning toward permitting the presence of Yoshinobu.
Japanese: 岩倉・大久保案は島津茂久が賛同したのみで、会議の趨勢は慶喜許容論に傾きつつあった。
English: When Tadayasu NAKAYAMA was about to consult Sanenaru Ogimachi-SANJO and others to settle the situation, Iwakura reproached, 'What are you thinking about to talk in whispers at the conference in the presence of the Emperor' and adjourned the meeting.
Japanese: 中山忠能が場を納めようと正親町三条実愛らと協議しようとしたところ、岩倉が「天皇の御前会議で私語するとは何事か」と叱り、一時休憩となった。
English: During the break, Iwakura told Nagakoto ASANO that he was prepared to take an extreme action at the last moment because he did not expect the conference to arrive at a compromise, which Nagakuni approved.
Japanese: 休憩中、岩倉は浅野茂勲に対し、この会議での妥協はあり得ず、いざというときは非常手段を取らざるを得ないとの覚悟の程を語り、茂勲の賛同を得る。
English: This is how Kogosho Conference finally came to conclusion in the middle of the night, which decided that Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA would deliver Yoshinobu the decision to impose Jikan nochi on him and that Yoshinobu was expected to voluntarily propose to do so for form's sake.
Japanese: こうして夜半まで続いた小御所会議は決着し、松平春嶽・徳川慶勝が慶喜へ辞官納地の決定を伝え、慶喜が自発的にこれを申し入れるという形式をとることが決定された。
English: Despite it was the first meeting held between the three offices of the new administration, all the statements were exclusively made by legislatures during Kogosho Conference except for Iwakura, Okubo and Goto as above-mentioned, thus it was substantially very much like a lords conference.
Japanese: 新政権の三職を集めて行われた初めての会議であったが、上記のごとく岩倉・大久保・後藤を除けば小御所会議での実際の発言はすべて議定からなされており、実質的には諸侯会議の色彩が強かった。
English: It is generally thought that tobakuha, led by Satsuma and Choshu, achieved a victory in the coup of Restoration of Imperial Rule because the Kogosho Conference decided to command Jikan nochi to Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 小御所会議で徳川慶喜の辞官納地が一応決定されたため、一般的には王政復古クーデターは、薩摩・長州など倒幕派の勝利と受け取られることが多い。
English: But the resolution of Jikan nochi was eventually watered down by the persistent resistance of pro-shogunate group, such as Echizen, Tosa and Owari, not to mention Yoshinobu himself, and things did not go as tobakuha planned.
Japanese: しかし慶喜はもちろんのこと越前・土佐・尾張などの親幕派の執拗な抵抗により、辞官納地案は次第に骨抜きとされ、それほど倒幕派の思惑通り事態が進んだわけではない。
English: It was not until after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi early next year that tobakuha finally grasped the complete initiative.
Japanese: 結局倒幕派が完全に主導権を握るのは翌年初めの鳥羽・伏見の戦いまで待たねばならなかった。
English: The Kogosho Conference's decision to impose Jikan nochi was conveyed to Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA by Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA the next day, but Yoshinobu asked to grant him a respite for the reason that an immediate execution of Jikan nochi would infuriate his vassals.
Japanese: 小御所会議での辞官納地の決定は翌10日、松平春嶽・徳川慶勝によって徳川慶喜に伝えられたが、慶喜はただちに実行すれば部下が激昂するとの理由で猶予を求めた。
English: Although Okubo was acting in a strong attitude, gaining momentum by the return of samurai of the Choshu clan to Kyoto just discharged on the same day, there existed a strong call to avoid war from soldiers of Aizu Domain, Kuwana Domain and other domains on Tokugawa side, residing in Kyoto.
Japanese: 同日赦免された長州藩兵が入京したこともあり、大久保は強気に出るが、京都には会津藩・桑名藩などの徳川方諸藩の兵も駐在しており、戦闘回避を求める声も強かった。
English: Yodo YAMAUCHI submitted a petition to the new administration on 12, to suggest to delegate the Jikan Nochi issue to the mediation of Shungaku MATSUDAIRA.
Japanese: 山内容堂は12日、辞官納地問題を松平春嶽の周旋に委任することを求める建白書を新政権に提出。
English: On 14, Ninnajinomiya (legislature) handed in a written opinion which suggested to raise the status-consciousness in order to control the people of low rank, including Iwakura and Okubo.
Japanese: 14日には仁和寺宮（議定）が岩倉や大久保ら身分が低い者を抑えるべく身分を正すことを求める意見書を提出した。
English: Even Iwakura developed a hesitant attitude under such situation and took soft stand toward Shungaku MATSUDAIRA when he urged Iwakura to give specific details of Jikan nochi on that day, by answering that it would be enough for Yoshinobu to call himself 'former Minister of the Center' and avoiding to give clear answer for the land issue.
Japanese: これらの情勢から岩倉までもが弱気となり、同日松平春嶽が辞官納地の具体的内容を岩倉に迫った際も、岩倉は慶喜が「前内大臣」と名乗ればよいとし、領地については確答を避けるなど弱腰になってしまう。
English: Iwakura proposed a collaboration policy to Okubo and Saigo, which would allow to appoint Yoshinobu to legislature only if he accepts Jikan nochi.
Japanese: 岩倉は慶喜が辞官納地に応じさえすれば慶喜を議定に任じるという協調策を大久保・西郷らに提示した。
English: Meanwhile, after returning to Osaka Castle on 13, Yoshinobu had audiences with ministers of six countries; Britain, Second French Empire, the Netherlands, the United States of America, Italy, and Prussia to appeal that he still held the diplomatic right even after the Restoration of Imperial Rule, showing no sign of softening his stance.
Japanese: いっぽう、13日に大阪城に戻っていた慶喜は、16日にはイギリス・フランス第二帝政・オランダ王国・アメリカ合衆国・イタリア王国・プロイセン王国6国の公使を引見し、王政復古後も外交権が自らにあることをアピールするなど、強気の姿勢を崩していなかった。
English: Yoshinobu ordered Yasuchika TOGAWA, Ometsuke, to come up to Kyoto with Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) to denounce Saccho and also ordered the armies of fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family), staying in Kyoto, to come up to Osaka.
Japanese: 慶喜は大目付戸川安愛に薩長の非をならす上表文を持たせて上京させるとともに、在京の譜代大名諸藩軍へ上坂を命じた。
English: The new administration, in the meantime, issued an imperial edict to foreign countries which was written by Okubo and Munenori TERASHIMA upon consultation with Ernest Mason Satow (interpreter of the British legation) and Charles de Montblanc (French nobleman) in order to win recognition for the new administration from foreign countries and to declare the continuation of diplomacy.
Japanese: 一方、新政府側でも19日大久保と寺島宗則が、新政権の諸外国への承認獲得と外交の継続宣言をすべく、アーネスト・サトウ（英国公使館付通訳）やシャルル・ド・モンブラン（フランス貴族）と協議し、新政権から諸外国への通達詔書を作成する。
English: But Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yodo YAMAUCHI used the phrase in the edict 'the affairs of State shall be discussed at Reppan Conference (conference of many feudal clans)' as an underhanded way and insisted to hold discussion once again because Kogosho Conference was represented by too few domains to call it Reppan (many feudal clans), which further encouraged the lords conference group.
Japanese: しかし松平春嶽・山内容堂らは、その文面に「列藩会議を興して国事を議する」とあることを逆手に取り、小御所会議は所詮数藩の代表のみであり列藩会議とは言えないとして、改めて議論を行うべきと主張し、諸侯会議派がますます勢いを得た。
English: Consequently, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Naoyuki NAGAI gathered at the residence of Tosa Domain on 22 to write a draft resolution and Sanshoku meeting (meeting of the three offices) were again convoked on 23 and 24 (Iwakura was absent).
Japanese: こうして22日には土佐藩邸に松平春嶽と永井尚志が集って原案を作成し、23日・24日に再び三職会議が召集される（岩倉は欠席）。
English: The resolution went as soft as saying that the Tokugawa land shall be returned to the Imperial court as 'for the government use', completely losing the aspect of giving a reprimand to Yoshinobu.
Japanese: ここにおいて、徳川家の納地は「政府之御用途」のため供するという表現となり、慶喜に対する処分的な色彩は全く失われた。
English: Also, it stated that the land area to be returned would be decided 'referring to public opinion', that is to say, through discussion at lords conference.
Japanese: さらに実際の納地高も「天下公論の上」すなわち諸侯会議における議論を経て決定するとされた。
English: Here, the conclusion of Kogosho Conference was effectively nullified and Jikan nochi issue was watered down, which led, in contrast, the lords conference group, including Yoshinobu, to gain momentum.
Japanese: ここに小御所会議の結果は無意味化し、辞官納地問題は骨抜きとなり、かえって慶喜を含む諸侯会議派が勢いを得る結果となったのである。
English: Worried about such circumstance, Saigo took an emergency measure (strategy), in other words, provoking the shogunate side.
Japanese: こうした状況を焦慮した西郷は、幕府側を挑発するという非常手段（作略）に出る。
English: He ordered Kyunosuke MASUMITSU and Shohei IMUTA in Edo to rally Sozo SAGARA and other roshi (masterless samurai) to carry out arson, looting and violence to throw Edo city into confusion.
Japanese: 江戸の益満休之助・伊牟田尚平に命じ、相楽総三ら浪士を集めて江戸市中に放火・掠奪・暴行などを行わせる攪乱工作を開始。
English: Shonai Domain, which was responsible for the security of Edo, took offense at this incident and put the residences of Satsuma Domain and Sadowara Domain (Satsuma Domain's branch domain) on fire on January 19, 1868, with the consent of cabinet officials of the Shogunate including Tadamasa OGURI who was kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance).
Japanese: 江戸警備の任にあった庄内藩がこれに怒り、12月25日勘定奉行小栗忠順ら幕閣の了承の下、薩摩藩および佐土原藩（薩摩支藩）邸を焼き討ちするという事件が発生した。
English: Once the news of arson of Satsuma domain residence in Edo was delivered to Osaka Castle on January 22, 1868 by Tomoaki TAKIGAWA, Ometsuke, and Tomogoro ONO, kanjo bugyo-nami (assistant commissioner of finance), the hard-liners in the castle was infuriated.
Japanese: 大目付滝川具挙・勘定奉行並小野友五郎らによって、江戸の薩摩藩邸焼き討ちの報が12月28日大坂城にもたらされると、城内の強硬派が激昂。
English: Pro-war argument heated up calling for attacking Satsuma, and Takigawa, who carried with him the statement to the Emperor to avenge Satsuma, encountered samurai of the Satsuma clan at Toba in January 27, 1868 and a war broke out (for more detail, refer to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi).
Japanese: 薩摩討つべしとの主戦論が沸騰し、「討薩表」を携えた滝川が翌慶応4年（1868年）正月3日鳥羽で薩摩藩兵と衝突し、戦闘となった（詳細は鳥羽・伏見の戦いを参照）。
English: As a result of this war, the lords conference group, which sided with Yoshinobu, was also forced to turn to tobakuha.
Japanese: 慶喜寄りの諸侯会議派もまたこの戦いの結果、倒幕派への転換を余儀なくされたのである。
English: After the victory in the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, the new government set up seven departments under the three offices, which were later organized into the Three Offices Eight Bureaus system besides tracking down and killing Tokugawa Family (for more details, refer to Government Organization in Modern Japan, Early Meiji Period).
Japanese: 鳥羽・伏見の戦いに勝利した新政府は、徳川家追討とともに新たな行政制度を整える必要から三職の下に七科を設置、のちに三職八局制となる（詳細は近代日本の官制明治時代初期を参照）。
English: In the meantime, instead of court nobles and lords who nominally held important posts but actually were out of touch with practical works, officials who were convened to the government from each domain gripped the practical work, grew as Restoration bureaucrats, and gradually won administrative initiative.
Japanese: この間、名目的に要職に任じられた公家・諸侯らが実務に疎かったことから、各藩から召集された徴士が実務を握り、維新官僚として成長し、次第に行政の主導権を握るようになる。
English: For the draft policy of the new government prepared by Kosei YURI (feudal retainer of Echizen) and had been carried over from January, Takachika FUKUOKA of Tosa Domain who belonged to the lords conference group inserted the phrase 'Establish a council by feudal lords' to the beginning of the Article 1 and amended the title to 'Kaimei (pledge of feudal lords)', and submitted it after Kido's proposal for national policy in March, but the necessity of the council by feudal lords had already been lost by then.
Japanese: 1月より持ち越しの由利公正（越前藩士）が起草した新政府の方針案では、諸侯会議派である土佐藩の福岡孝弟が第一条冒頭に「列侯会議ヲ興シ」の字句を挿入し、表題も「会盟」と改めており、3月の木戸による国是建議の後提出したが、もはやこの時期には列侯会議は必要性を失していた。
English: Fukuoka's draft was corrected by Takayoshi KIDO of Choshu Domain, Iwakura and Sanetomi SANJO to say "Deliberate assemblies shall be widely established", and its form was also changed from the pledge of feudal lords of domains into the declaration of national policies by the Emperor and his vassals, to be finally announced as the Charter Oath of Five Articles.
Japanese: 福岡の草案は長州藩の木戸孝允や岩倉・三条実美らの手により「広ク会議ヲ興シ」と修正され、形式も諸藩の会盟から天皇以下諸臣が国是を誓うという形式となり、五箇条の御誓文として発せられた。
English: This is how the major domains' lords conference line died and the way to the Meiji restoration by Yushi Sensei (autocratic government dominated by domain clique [Restoration bureaucrats]) was opened.
Japanese: ここに雄藩諸侯会議路線は潰え、有司（維新官僚）専制による明治維新への道が開かれるのである。
English: Higashiyama Go-bunko refers to the imperial family library located in northeast corner of Kyoto Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 東山御文庫（ひがしやまごぶんこ）とは、京都御所内の東北隅に位置する皇室の文庫。
English: It is also called Kinri Gobunko and Higashiyama bunko.
Japanese: 禁裏御文庫（きんりごぶんこ）・東山文庫（ひがしやまぶんこ）とも呼ばれる。
English: The past emperors' shinkan (imperial letter) or the collections, the favorite calligraphic works and paintings and tools, which are about 60,000 items, are stored.
Japanese: 歴代天皇の宸翰及び収集・手沢の書画・道具など約6万点が収蔵されている。
English: At present it is treated as chokufu (imperial seal) same as Todai-ji Temple Shosoin and so on, and jiju (a chamberlain) of the Imperial Household Agency manages it.
Japanese: 現在、東大寺正倉院などと同様に勅封扱いとなっており、宮内庁侍従職が管理している。
English: Except for the special examination by experts in the occasion of bakuryo (airing) in autumn (the 'airing' for stored items is regularly done), it is not opened to the public.
Japanese: 秋の曝涼（所蔵物の「虫干し」のことで定期的に行われる）の際に専門家を対象とした特別な調査が許される以外に公開されることはない。
English: However, the items are being microfilmed by the Imperial Household Archives and are being copied by Historiographical Institute of The University of Tokyo ('Kyoto Imperial Palace Higashiyama Gobunko Record'), and a part of the contents comes to be opened to the public.
Japanese: ただし、書陵部によってマイクロフィルム化が、東京大学史料編纂所によって写本（「京都御所東山御文庫記録」）化が進められており、内容の一部が公開されるようになった。
English: The name 'Higashiyama' originates from the fact that dozo (warehouse made of soil) in the Konoe family, called 'Higashiyama no goko,' was presented and transferred by Tadahiro KONOE in 1881 and was used for a facility of the library.
Japanese: なお、「東山」の名称は近衛家邸内にあった「東山の御庫」と称する土蔵が、1881年に近衛忠煕より献上・移設されて文庫の施設として利用されたことに由来している。
English: Thus, it is not directly related with Higashimaya-dono of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA or the Emperor Higashiyama (the one hundred thirteenth Emperor) and so on.
Japanese: 従って、足利義政の東山殿や東山天皇（113代天皇）などとは直接の関連性はない。
English: In the Imperial family, various books and so on had been inherited from ancient times, but through the economic decline in the Onin War or the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), many of them were lost.
Japanese: 皇室には古代から様々な書籍などが伝えられてきたが、応仁の乱や戦国時代(日本)の経済的衰微によって多くを手放した。
English: After that, the Emperor Goyozei and the Emperor Gomizunoo did their best to collect the books with the stabilization of the society, but the fire on July 17, 1653 burned almost all the dairi (Imperial Palace) and all the libraries were burnt down except for one.
Japanese: その後、後陽成天皇・後水尾天皇が社会の安定化を受けて収集に尽力したが、承応2年6月23日(旧暦)（1653年7月17日）の火災で内裏はほぼ全焼し、文庫も1宇を残して全て灰燼に帰した。
English: Disturbed by this, the Emperor Gosai and the Emperor Reigen asked court nobles or temples and shrines in Kyoto to accurately copy waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), stories, diaries, records, Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), documents on kuji (public duties) and shrines and temples and so on, and furthermore, made the precious books and documents copied to be the duplicates and stored them in the other places in order to prevent the loss.
Japanese: これを憂慮した後西天皇・霊元天皇は、京都の公家や寺社に要請して和歌・物語・日記・記録・有職故実・公事関連書・社寺文書類などの精度の高い写本を作成し、更に貴重な典籍を謄写して副本を作成を作成して別の場所に置くことによって亡失を防ごうとした。
English: On February 14, 1661, again the fire in dairi burned the remained books and documents, but the duplicates in the other places remained safe.
Japanese: 万治4年1月15日(旧暦)（1661年2月14日）、再度の内裏火災で残された蔵書の多くが焼失したが、別に安置した副本は被害を免れた。
English: Successive emperors took this chance to do their best to collect precious books and make the duplicate books and maintain the storehouses for the duplicate books.
Japanese: これを機に歴代天皇は貴重書の収集とその副本作成に尽くし、副本を納める倉庫を充実させた。
English: Emperors themselves were deeply involved with the collection of the precious books and production of copies, and many of the contents and titles were written by the Shinpitsu (emperor's own handwriting), as for book collection seals, the era names on the throne such as the Emperor Gosai ('Meireki era'), the Emperor Higashiyama ('Genroku era'), the Emperor Gosakuramachi ('Meiwa Era') and so on were used, or unified seal called 'imperial line bunko' was used (for example, the Gosai Emperor, the Sakuramachi Emperor and the Emperor Komei), and some emperors made unique book collection seals such as 'Osahito,' 'Konohana,' 'Tenen' and so on, like the Emperor Komei.
Japanese: 貴重書収集・副本作成の作業には天皇自身も深く関与し、その宸筆によって本文・外題が記されたものが多く、蔵書印も後西天皇（「明暦」）・東山天皇（「元禄」）・桜町天皇（「延享」）・後桜町天皇（「明和」）など在位中の元号を用いたものや「皇統文庫」という統一印を用いる例（後西・桜町・孝明天皇）などが使用され、孝明天皇のように「統仁」・「此華」・「天淵」などの独自の蔵書印を作成する天皇もいた。
English: After the transfer of the capital to Tokyo, a part of the stored books in dairi was transferred to new Imperial Palace and furthermore, in the establishment of miyake (families allowed to have the status of Imperial family), some of them were allocated to them (However, all the miyake which received the allocation were discontinued later and the stored books were transferred to Imperial Household Archives or National Museum of Japanese History.)
Japanese: 東京奠都後、内裏の蔵書の一部は新御所の設置された皇居に移され、更に宮家創設時に分与された例もある（ただし、分与を受けた宮家は後に全て断絶してしまうこととなり、蔵書は宮内庁書陵部や国立歴史民俗博物館に移された）。
English: Later, the original houses were decided to be demolished when the Konoe family moved to Tokyo, but the okura (a rice storehouse of the Edo bakufu) of Higashiyama was presented and used for storing the remained books and thus the name became a name of the library.
Japanese: その後、近衛家の東京移住に伴って取り壊されることになった近衛邸のうち、東山の御蔵が献上されて残された文庫の保管に用いられたために、その名前がそのまま文庫名となった。
English: The offense and defense in Omi Province were a series of battles between Omi-Genji (the Minamoto clan) and Onjo-ji Temple's armed priests versus Heike (the Taira family) during the Jisho-Juei War.
Japanese: 近江攻防（おうみこうぼう）は、治承・寿永の乱の中で起きた近江源氏・園城寺僧兵と平家との一連の戦闘。
English: After Heike was defeated in the Battle of Fujigawa in October, 1180, Genji in the Owari Province and the Mino Province rose in revolt on November 17 of the same year ("Gyokuyo"[Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane]).
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）10月の富士川の戦いで平家が敗れると、同年11月17日尾張国・美濃国の源氏が蜂起する（『玉葉』）。
English: The uprising Omi-Genji occupied Lake Biwa that was the main artery for distributing goods between the Hokuriku Region and Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) and seized nengu (land tax) on the way from the Hokuriku Region to Heian-kyo.
Japanese: 蜂起した近江源氏は北陸地方と平安京を結ぶ物流拠点である琵琶湖を占拠し、北陸から都へ上る年貢を差し押さえた。
English: The armed priests of Onjo-ji Temple also allied with Omi-Genji and the allied forces' power was strong enough to occupy Heian-kyo at one time
Japanese: 園城寺の僧兵達も近江源氏と手を結び、その連合軍は一時平安京を占拠する勢いを見せる。
English: It is assumed that Omi-Genji was in contact with Kai-Genji in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region), as "Gyokuyo" described that Omi-Genji was probably contacting Nobuyoshi TAKEDA.
Japanese: また、東国の甲斐源氏とも連絡をとっていたようで、近江源氏が武田信義と連絡をとっていたらしいことが『玉葉』に記載されている。
English: It is also written in "Gyokuyo" that Zaichokanjin (local district officials) in the Wakasa Province was likely in support of the uprising, so the sign of the Hokuriku's uprisings to increase was recognized.
Japanese: また同書には、この反乱に若狭国の在庁官人が同意の動きをとっていたことも見え、翌年以降活発化する北陸の反乱勢力の蜂起の萌芽が見られる。
English: Then, Emperor Takakura issued inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) which declared the hunting down and killing of the rebels against Omi Temple's troops.
Japanese: 続いて高倉天皇から近江寺社勢力に対して謀反人追討の院宣が発せられる。
English: TAIRA no Ietsugu, Heike's Kenin (a retainer), started an attack against Omi Genji on December 1 and TAIRA no Tomonori headed for the battle for an additional attack on 2nd.
Japanese: 12月1日平家家人平家継が近江源氏に攻撃を開始し、2日には平知盛が追討に向かった。
English: Heike attacked the armed priests who agreed to support the rebel troops in Onjo-ji Temple; as a result, a part of Onjo-ji Temple blazed up.
Japanese: 平家は園城寺内の反乱軍に同意した僧兵たちにも攻撃を加え、その結果園城寺の一部が炎上する。
English: On December 24 Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO, who kept up the resistance in the Omi Province and shut himself up in Mabuchi-jo Castle, was finally forced to flee ("Gyokuyo").
Japanese: 12月13日には近江において最後まで抵抗を続け馬渕城にたてこもって山本義経が追い落とされる（『玉葉』）。
English: However, it is confirmed that Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO kept up the resistance and shut himself up in Yamamoto-jo Castle around December 24 ("Gyokuyo").
Japanese: しかし、12月24日頃山本城にこもって抵抗を続けていることが確認されている（『玉葉』）。