nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The famous 'Crow Tengu,' with its bird's beak and wings, is strongly influenced by the shape of an avian Tengu.
Japanese: また、鳥のくちばしと翼を持った鳥類系天狗の形状を色濃く残す「烏天狗」は有名である。
English: The major Tengu that became objects of religion as gods have names, and famous ones include Tarobo of Mount Atago, Sojobo of Mount Kurama (Kurama Tengu) and Jirobo of Mount Hira, as well as Hoshobo of Mount Hiei, Buzenbo of Mount Ehiko, Tarobo of Mount Fuji and Sagamibo of Mount Shiramine.
Japanese: 神として信仰の対象となる程の大天狗には名が付いており、愛宕山の太郎坊、鞍馬山の僧正坊（鞍馬天狗）、比良山の次郎坊の他、比叡山法性坊、英彦山豊前坊、富士山太郎坊、白峰山相模坊、等が知られる。
English: The one in Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture, is called 'Guhinsan' and is said to have flown through the sky and visited a festival.
Japanese: 滋賀県高島市では「グヒンサン」と言い、大空を飛び、祭見物をしたという。
English: It is said that it went to Omizo, Takashima Cho in order to set a fire but failed because there was no space.
Japanese: 高島町大溝に火をつけにいったが、隙間がなくて失敗したという話が伝わっている。
English: In Amamioshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, the one well-known as 'Tengonukami" lives in a mountain, and it is said that a master carpenter gave life to straw men by blowing forth in order to have them work to build a house with 60 mats for his bride in a day, and had 2,000 men go back to the mountain and another 2,000 to the sea.
Japanese: 鹿児島県奄美大島でも、山に住む「テンゴヌカミ」が知られ、大工の棟梁であったが、嫁迎えのため六十畳の家を一日で作るので藁人形に息を吹きかけて生命を与えて使い、二千人を山に、二千人を海に帰したと言う。
English: At Mount Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture, a six-year-old boy got lost at the mountaintop, but after people looked for him everywhere and didn't find him and gave up and went back home, it was discovered that the boy was already back home.
Japanese: 愛媛県石鎚山では、六歳の男の子が山頂でいなくなり、いろいろ探したが見つからず、やむなく家に帰ると、すでに子供は戻っていた。
English: When asked, he explained that while he was urinating at the back of the shrine on the mountaintop, a 'big, inky man' came out and reproved him, saying, 'I will take you home, so close your eyes,' whereupon he found himself standing in the backyard of his own home.
Japanese: 子に聞くと、山頂の祠の裏で小便をしていると、真っ黒い大男が出てきて子供をたしなめ、「送ってあげるから目をつぶっておいで」と言い、気がつくと自分の家の裏庭に立っていたという。
English: This is why the Retired Emperor Sutoku turned into a ghost and was depicted as a golden eagle as the Tengu king.
Japanese: 怨霊となった崇徳上皇が、天狗の王として金色の鷲として描かれるのはこのためである。
English: It is deeply related to the mountain god, and sacred mountains are always supposed to have Tengu (thus they are considered to be in the shape of a Yamabushi monk); moreover, various regions in fact have Tengu (daiba) as mountain gods.
Japanese: また、山神との関係も深く、霊峰とされる山々には、必ず天狗がいるとされ（それゆえ山伏の姿をしていると考えられる）、実際に山神を天狗（ダイバ）とする地方は多い。
English: Worship of the Tengu, mainly among Yamabushi monks, is connected with local Buddhism, as well as with the mysteriousness of mountains and mountain worship, and various legends of Tengu explain the depth of mountain worship.
Japanese: 山伏を中心とする天狗の信仰は、民間の仏教と、古代から続く山の神秘観山岳信仰に結びついたもので、極めて豊富な天狗についての伝説は山岳信仰の深さを物語るものである。
English: In Yamagata Prefecture, they adore a mossy or sandy area of about 40 square meters in the bushes in mountains in summer as 'the sumo ring of Tengu,' and in mountain villages in Kanagawa Prefecture they regard the mysterious sound of cutting trees at midnight or one of cutting a big tree on a mountain called 'Tengu's felling' and a hut's shaking without wind as a trick of the mountain Tengu.
Japanese: 山形県などでは、夏山のしげみの間にある十数坪の苔地や砂地を、「天狗のすもう場」として崇敬し、神奈川県の山村では、夜中の、木を切ったり、「天狗倒し」と呼ばれる、山中で大木を切り倒す不思議な音、山小屋が、風もないのにゆれたりすることを山天狗の仕業としている。
English: Besides these, in Tone Gun, Gunma Prefecture, there is some folklore: with 'Tengu's laugh,' a laughter comes out of nowhere, and the laughter becomes louder if you go further, then it becomes much louder than before if you laugh back; 'Tengu's stones (it is said to be a path of Tengu),' as when you walk in the mountain a gust blasts and big stones fly over with the rumbling of the mountain; and 'Tengu's rice field'; 'Tengu's nail-polishing rock'; 'Tengu's mountain'; 'Tengu's valley' and 'Tengu's domain,' where Tengu lives; as well as 'Guhin's home.'
Japanese: その他、群馬県利根郡では、どこからともなく笑い声が聞こえ、構わず行くと更に大きな声で笑うが、今度はこちらが笑い返すと、前にもまして大声で笑うという「天狗笑い」、山道を歩いていると突然風が起こり、山鳴りがして大きな石が飛んでくる「天狗礫」（これは天狗の通り道だという）、「天狗田」、「天狗の爪とぎ石」、「天狗の山」、「天狗谷」など、天狗棲む場所、すなわち「天狗の領地」、「狗賓の住処」の伝承がある。
English: In Owari Cho, downtown Kanazawa City, it is said that people saw "Tengu's pebbles" in 1755.
Japanese: 金沢市の繁華街尾張町では、宝暦五年(1755)に『天狗つぶて』が見られたという。
English: In Mount Ogasa, Shizuoka Prefecture, there is a mysterious occurrence called "Tengu's music" in which music is heard from the mountain in summer, which is said to be a trick of the Tengu of Ogasa Shrine.
Japanese: 静岡県の小笠山では夏に山中から囃子の音が聞こえる怪異「天狗囃子」があり、小笠神社の天狗の仕業だという。
English: Also, on Sadogashima Island (Sado City, Nigata Prefecture) there is a mysterious happening called "Yama Kagura," where music like Kagura is heard from the mountain; this is considered to be a trick of the Tengu.
Japanese: 佐渡島（新潟県佐渡市）でも同様に「山神楽」（やまかぐら）といって、山中から神楽のような音が聞こえる怪異を天狗の仕業という。
English: In Tokuyama Mura, Ibi Gun, Gifu Prefecture (the present Ibigawa Cho), a sound like a drum, called "Tengu's drum," heard from the mountain, is considered a sign of impending rain.
Japanese: 岐阜県揖斐郡徳山村(岐阜県)（現・揖斐川町）では「天狗太鼓」といって、山から太鼓のような音が聞こえると雨の降る前兆だという。
English: Particularly, there is folklore with Tengu flying through the sky like a bird, or that the Tengu pine (or cedar), on which they say the Tengu sits, exists all over Japan, thus providing a good example to show the correlation between the mountain worship of the Yamabushi monks and the tengu.
Japanese: 特に、鳥のように自由に空を飛び回る天狗が住んでいたり、腰掛けたりすると言われている天狗松（あるいは杉）の伝承は日本各地にあり、山伏の山岳信仰と天狗の相関関係を示す好例である。
English: Because trees were supposed to be dwellings of spirits, and Tengu was believed to be a mountain god, the Tengu were believed to live in trees.
Japanese: 樹木は神霊の依り代とされ、天狗が山の神とも信じられていたことから、天狗が樹木に棲むと信じられたと考えられる。
English: It is said that the flapping of Tengu's wings can be heard, or that the wind roars around such trees.
Japanese: こうした木の周囲では、天狗の羽音が聞こえたり、風が唸ったりするという。
English: Near the trunk of a big pine in Hoi Gun, Aichi Prefecture, there is a big cave called 'Tengu's Nest,' where it is said that some people in fact saw the Tengu.
Japanese: 愛知県宝飯郡にある大松の幹には天狗の巣と呼ばれる大きな洞穴があり、実際に天狗を見た人もいると云う。
English: In Kodama Gun, Saitama Prefecture, someone who tried to cut down a Tengu pine fell off a branch and was seriously injured; this is believed to have happened because Tengu kicked him out of the tree.
Japanese: また埼玉県児玉郡では、天狗の松を伐ろうとした人が、枝から落ちてひどい怪我を負ったが、これは天狗に蹴落とされたのだという話である。
English: Trees that are called Tengu trees are mostly big trees with widespread branches and trees with an extremely strange shape such as one branched into two and put back together having a window-like shape, or one with a branch in the shape of a bump.
Japanese: 天狗の木と呼ばれる樹木は枝の広がった大木や、二枝に岐れまた合わさって窓形になったもの、枝がコブの形をしたものなど、著しく異形の木が多い。
English: As for animals, most references are related to those having a prominent nose or a similar organ.
Japanese: 動物についていえば鼻、または類似器官が突き出た外見に因むものが多い。
English: In a limited sense, it implies Tsukimi on the nights of August 15 (the fifteenth night) and September 13 (the thirteenth night) of the lunar calendar (old calendar).
Japanese: 狭義には、太陰太陽暦（旧暦）の8月15日(旧暦)（十五夜）と9月13日(旧暦)（十三夜）の夜の月見を指す。
English: August 15th of the old calendar is called "Chushu (中秋)," so it is also called "Chushu no Meigetsu (中秋の名月)."
Japanese: 旧暦の8月15日を「中秋」と呼ぶため「中秋の名月（ちゅうしゅうのめいげつ）」ともいう。
English: It is also occasionally referred to as "仲秋の名月," since August of the old calendar is right in the middle of fall (from July to September) and is called "仲秋," but "中秋" indicates August 15th of the old calendar and "仲秋" indicates the middle period when separating fall into three, so "中秋の名月" is the correct expression.
Japanese: また、旧暦8月は、秋（7月から9月）のちょうど中頃なので「仲秋」と呼ぶため「仲秋の名月（ちゅうしゅうのめいげつ）」と表記する場合もあるが、「中秋」は旧暦8月15日をさし、「仲秋」は秋を三つに区分したときの真ん中の期間をさす言葉であるので、「中秋の名月」が正しい表記である。
English: See this reference table of August 15th (old calendar) for the corresponding date of the fifteenth night in the Gregorian calendar (new calendar).
Japanese: 十五夜のグレゴリオ暦（新暦）での該当日はこちらの8月15日(旧暦)対照表を参照。
English: Since ancient times, in August of the old calendar (around September in the newer Gregorian calendar), the air is dry and the moon is clearly seen, and it is not too cold even at night with lower humidity; this has been regarded as the best time of year for moon viewing.
Japanese: 古来より8月(旧暦)（グレゴリオ暦（新暦）では9月ごろ）は、空気が乾燥して月が鮮やかに見え、かつ、湿度も低く夜でもそれほど寒くないため、観月に最も良い時節とされていた。
English: That night, an altar is set up in a place from which the moon is visible; it is decorated with Japanese pampas grass, and Tsukimi Dango dumplings, sato-imo (taro), edamame (green soybeans) or chestnuts are put out, and sake is offered, in which way people enjoy viewing the moon (moon-viewing dishes), such as in a Buddhist service for the full moon in order to pray for a good harvest.
Japanese: この夜は、月が見える場所などに祭壇を作りススキ（すすき）を飾って月見団子・里芋・枝豆・クリなどを盛り、御酒を供えて月を眺めた（お月見料理）、豊作を祈る満月法会など。
English: China has a similar custom, but they celebrate in a greater way than Japan as the Mid-Autumn Festival, and moon cakes are made and offered.
Japanese: 中国でも同様の習慣があるが、仲秋節として日本より盛大に祝い月餅を作って供物する。
English: The Republic of Korea also has the custom of moon viewing around this time, which is called Chuseok; it's the third-biggest festival next to the New Year and Lantern Festival as holidays from work to celebrate with families in one's hometown.
Japanese: 大韓民国でも、この時期、月見の習慣があり、チュソク（秋夕）といい、勤めも休みになり、郷里で親族と共に祝うお正月、お盆に次ぐお祭りになっている。
English: The Thirteenth Night is an original Japanese custom, and the moon of the night is called Mame Meigetsu or Kuri Meigetsu, since beans (mame) and chestnuts (kuri) in season are offered.
Japanese: 十三夜は日本独自の風習であり、ちょうど食べ頃の大豆やクリなどを供えることから、この夜の月を豆名月または栗名月という。
English: Viewing the moon on either the fifteenth night or the thirteenth night is called "katatsukimi (single moon-viewing)" or "katamitsuki (the moon of single viewing)," which has historically been less favorable.
Japanese: 十五夜と十三夜どちらか片方の月見しかしないのは「片月見」または「片見月」と言って嫌われた。
English: Therefore, in order to have the second date for sure, it is said that some people would invite someone of the opposite sex on the fifteenth night (the invited person must come to the thirteenth night as well).
Japanese: そのため、二度目のデートを確実に行うために、十五夜に異性を誘う（相手はどうしても十三夜にも来なければならないため）、ということがあったようだ。
English: Furthermore, some regions had a custom called moon-waiting, which is why the moon after the seventeenth night is called Tatemachi-zuki (moon-waiting in a standing position),　Imachi-zuki (moon-waiting in a sitting position), Nemachi-zuki (moon-waiting in a lying position) and Fukemachi-zuki (moon-waiting late at night).
Japanese: 更に、地方によっては月待ちという風習があり、十七夜以降を立待月（たてまち-）、居待月（いまち-）、寝待月（ねまち-）、更待月（ふけまち-）、というのはこの名残である。
English: Most regions would have the moon-waiting until the twenty-third night, but some had it until the twenty-sixth night, and people pursued pleasure until the moon rose (around two o'clock in the morning) on the excuse that three deities--Amida Buddha, Kannon Bodhisattva and Seishi Bodhisattva--would appear in the moonlight (from the Japanese dictionary "Kojien").
Japanese: 二十三夜待ちまでを行う地域が多くを占めたが、二十六夜待ちまで行う地域があり、月光に阿弥陀仏・観音菩薩・勢至菩薩の三尊が現れる（広辞苑より）、という口実を付けて月が昇る（大体、深夜二時ごろ）まで遊興にふけった。
English: China and Japan have had the custom of appreciating the moon since ancient times, and particularly in Japan it is said that the custom has existed since the Jomon period; after the festival of moon viewing was introduced from China around the Heian period, the nobles had Kangetsu parties and boating parties (to enjoy the reflection of the moon swinging on the water surface from a boat, instead of viewing the moon directly) in which they would compose poems and enjoy drinking.
Japanese: 中国、日本では、月を愛でるという習慣が古くからあり、日本では縄文時代ごろからあるといわれ平安時代ごろから中国から月見の祭事が伝わると貴族などの間で観月の宴や舟遊び（直接月を見るのではなく船などにのったりして水面に揺れる月を楽しむ）など歌を詠んだり酒を飲んだりした。
English: In Europe, it seems that the full moon was supposed to disturb and confuse people's minds; for example, the goddess of the moon indicates death, and a werewolf transforms himself by seeing the moon, so people did not want to view the moon at all.
Japanese: ヨーロッパでは満月は人の心をかき乱し、狂わせるものであったようで、月の女神が死を暗示したり、狼男が月を見て変身するというのは、その典型的な例で、とても月を眺めて楽しむという気分にはなれなかったようだ。
English: In Japan, "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter" has a scene in which the old woman warns Lady Kaguya about seeing the moon, which implies that they had an idea similar to that of Europe before the custom of moon viewing was introduced from China.
Japanese: 日本でも『竹取物語』に、月を眺めるかぐや姫を嫗が注意する場面があるため、中国から観月の風習が入る前はヨーロッパと似た考えを月に対して持っていたようだ。
English: "The Thirteenth Night" - The military camp is covered with frost on clear fall days; Geese are flying in rows in the evening; Now we've brought the mountains in Echigo and Ecchu together with Noto, and the view is wonderful; However, people in our hometown must be worrying about this expedition now.
Japanese: 『十三夜』-霜滿軍營秋氣淸　数行過雁月三更　越山併得能州景　遮莫家郷憶遠征
English: You can see the moon in many months, but the best month to see the moon is this month. (This has eight times the Chinese characters to mean the moon and also the month, which shows that 'this month' means August.)
Japanese: 月月に月見る月は多けれど月見る月はこの月の月（「月」が8回あり、「この月」が8月であることを示している）
English: Boiled soba (buckwheat noodles) and udon (wheat noodles) put in a bowl, and sometimes after putting nori (dried seaweed) to resemble gathering clouds, cracking a raw egg into it and adding soup and condiments, are called "Tsukimi soba" and "Tsukimi udon," respectively.
Japanese: ゆでた蕎麦・うどんを丼に入れ、場合によって群雲（むらくも）に見立てた海苔を敷いてから、生卵を割り入れて、汁と薬味を添えたものを「月見うどん」、「月見そば」と呼ぶ。
English: Originally, nori was a must in Tsukimi noodles, and ones without it were called 'Gyoku' ('gyoku otoshi,' 'Gyoku iri' or 'Gyoku ochi'); but today, ones with just an egg but no nori are usually called Tsukimi.
Japanese: 本来、月見に海苔は必須であり、海苔なしの場合は「玉（ぎょく）」といったが（「玉（ぎょく）落とし」「玉（ぎょく）入り」「玉（ぎょく）落ち」等）、しかし現代では海苔なしでも卵さえ入っていれば月見といってしまうことも多い。
English: Nabeyaki udon or Miso-nikomi udon also has a raw egg cracked into it in most cases, but it is not called Tsukimi, probably because the cooked yolk isn't readily visible.
Japanese: 鍋焼きうどんや味噌煮込みうどんにも鶏卵を割り入れる場合も多いが、火が通って黄身が見えにくくなるためか、月見とは呼ばれない。
English: In Kita Kyushu City there is a dish called Tenmado (skylight window), in which noodles such as yaki udon with an egg dropped into a dent are overturned and broiled.
Japanese: 北九州市では、焼きうどんなどにくぼみを作り、中に卵を落として、ひっくり返して焼いたものを天窓と称している。
English: McDonald's has, since 1991, sold a 'Tsukimi burger' with an egg sunny-side up from September to October as a special fall menu item.
Japanese: マクドナルドでは1991年以来、秋限定メニューとして、9月から10月にかけて目玉焼きの入った「月見バーガー」を発売している。
English: In Taiwan, as a shaved-ice item, they have '月見冰, yue jian bing' (Tsukimi ice).'
Japanese: 台湾では、かき氷のメニューのひとつとして「月見冰ユエチエンピン」（月見氷）がある。
English: This is shaved ice having black syrup, condensed milk or dried fruits on top with a raw egg yolk cracked into a dent in the center.
Japanese: かき氷の上に黒糖蜜、練乳、ドライフルーツなどのトッピングを乗せたあと、まん中にくぼみを作って、生卵の黄身を割り入れたものである。
English: In Chinese, Tsukimi is usually expressed as '賞月 (viewing moon),' so '月見' is considered to be borrowed from Japanese.
Japanese: 中国語で月見は「賞月」という言い方が普通であり、「月見」は日本語からの借用と考えられる。
English: (Chinese uses the verb-noun word order, so the word order as noun-verb such as '月見 (moon viewing)' is generally not used.)
Japanese: （中国語は動詞―名詞の語順であり、「月見」のような名詞―動詞の語順は本来は用いない）
English: Kimon (demons' gate) means the direction of the northeast (ushi-tora; between the Ox (second sign of Chinese zodiac which means north-northeast) and the Tiger (third sign of Chinese zodiac which means east-northeast)).
Japanese: 鬼門（きもん）とは、北東（艮＝うしとら：丑と寅の間）の方位のことである。
English: Yin-yang philosophy considers it as the direction where demons go in and out, and a direction that people should avoid.
Japanese: 陰陽道では、鬼が出入りする方角であるとして、万事に忌むべき方角としている。
English: The direction opposite the kimon, the southwest (hitsuji-saru; between the Ram (eighth sign of Chinese zodiac which means south-southwest) and the Monkey (ninth sign of Chinese zodiac which means west-southwest)), is called Urakimon (the back demons' gate), and people have an aversion for this direction as well.
Japanese: 鬼門とは反対の、南西（坤ひつじさる）の方角を裏鬼門と言い、この方角も忌み嫌われる。
English: Kimon is based on a story in a Chinese classic text "Shan Hai Jing" (Classic of the mountains and the sea), that defined the northwest (inui; between the Dog (eleventh sign of Chinese zodiac which means west-northwest) and the Boar (twelfth sign of the Chinese zodiac which means north-northwest)) as 'tenmon' (deva gate), the southwest (hitsuji-saru) as 'jinmon' (man's gate), southeast (tatsumi; between the Dragon (fifth sign of Chinese zodiac which means east-southeast) and the Serpent (sixth sign of Chinese zodiac which means south-southeast) as 'fumon' (wind's gate) and northeast (ushi-tora) as 'kimon.'
Japanese: 鬼門は、古代中国の書物『山海経』にある物語が元となっており、北西（乾）を「天門」、南西（坤）を「人門」、南東（巽）を「風門」、北東（艮）を「鬼門」としたことによる。
English: During the Edo period, when building a house or when noble people move, the direction of the kimon was considered to be best avoided.
Japanese: 江戸時代には、鬼門の方向への造作・移徙（わたまし：貴人の引越）は忌むべきとされた。
English: Furthermore, a peach tree was planted in the direction of the kimon or a monkey statue consecrated there as Kimon-sake (to guard against the kimon), since the opposite direction of the kimon is the Monkey (in Japanese 'saru' which is a homonym for the Japanese word 'expel').
Japanese: また、人々は家の鬼門の方角にモモの木を植えたり、鬼門とは反対の方角が申であることから、サルの像を鬼門避けとして祀ったりした。
English: There is a wooden statue of a monkey placed behind the roof at the northeast corner of the Kyoto Imperial Palace to block the kimon (which refers to Saru-ga-tsuji (literally, monkey's road)).
Japanese: 京都御所の北東角には屋根裏に木彫りの猿が鎮座し、鬼門を封じている（猿ヶ辻）。
English: Even now, there is still a strong custom against positioning any gate or storage room, or any place using water such as a kitchen, rest room, or bath, in the direction coinciding with the kimon as seen from the center of the house.
Japanese: 現在でも、家の中央から見て鬼門にあたる方角には、門や蔵、および水屋・便所・風呂などの水を扱う場所を置くことを忌む風習が強く残っている。
English: Also, in capital planning, Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei was placed in Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) in the direction of the kimon as seen from Daidairi (the Greater Imperial Palace), and Kanei-ji temple on Mt. Toei was placed in Edo in the direction of the kimon as seen from Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: また、都市計画においては、平安京では大内裏から鬼門の方向に比叡山延暦寺が、江戸では江戸城から鬼門の方向に東叡山寛永寺が置かれた。
English: In yin-yang philosophy, it is explained that the north and the west are regarded as yin, the east and the south as yang, and that northeast and southwest become unstable because they are the boundaries between yin and yang.
Japanese: 陰陽道においては、北と西は陰、東と南は陽とされ、北東と南西は陰陽の境になるので、不安定になると説明される。
English: Other than the tradition that the kimon is to be avoided, another theory says that because it is the direction that spirits pass through, or the direction where the sun is born (the life gate), people have to guard their pure energy.
Japanese: 鬼門は忌み嫌われるという云れの他に、逆に神々が通り抜ける方角、あるいは太陽が生まれる方位（生門）であるために清浄の気を保たねばならぬという考えもある。
English: Another theory about the origin of the kimon is that because the prevailing wind blows from the northeast in China, inside a house any wet areas placed in that direction as seen from the center of the house would become unsanitary.
Japanese: 中国では、北東の方向から季節風が吹くため、家の中心から見てこの方角に水回りのものを置くと、家の中が不衛生になるので置かないようにしたというのが、鬼門の由来であるというさまざまな説がある。
English: As mentioned above, the word kimon originally had a magical meaning, but it came to be used as a word referring to 'something that is likely to have an unpleasant result.'
Japanese: 以上のように、鬼門は本来呪術的な意味を持つ言葉であるが、転じて「よくない結果が起こりやすい事柄」に対してこの言葉が用いられるようになっていった。
English: It refers not only to the direction, but also to places, time zones, or particular subjects, and the range of its use is wide.
Japanese: 方角に限らず、場所、時間帯や特定の教科などを指すこともあり、その用途は幅広い。
English: Fushizuke (柴漬) is a method of catching fish inside brushwood that is bundled and dunked in water.
Japanese: 柴漬(ふしづけ)は、柴を束ねて水に沈め、中に入った魚を捕らえる方法。
English: Shibazuke (紫葉漬け) is chopped eggplants salted with red perilla, as a traditional Tsukemono in Kyoto and one of the three best Tsukemono in Kyoto along with 'Suguki' and 'Senmaizuke.'
Japanese: 紫葉漬け(しばづけ)とはナスを刻んだ赤シソの葉で塩漬けにした、京都の伝統的な漬物であり、「すぐき」、「千枚漬」と並んで京都の三大漬物と言われている。
English: Although cucumbers or Japanese ginger can be added and pickled in vinegar today, originally only eggplant, perilla and salt were used; its sour taste comes only from lactic bacterium, so traditionally no vinegar was used.
Japanese: 現在はキュウリやミョウガなどを入れる事もあり、酢漬けにされるが、本来は茄子と紫蘇の葉、そして塩を用い、酸味は乳酸菌由来のものだけで酢は使用しなかった。
English: Today, the ones made in such process without using vinegar are generally sold as 'Nama Shibazuke (untreated Shibazuke).'
Japanese: 現在この酢を使用しない製法のものは「生柴漬」「生紫葉漬け」などという名称で販売されることが多い。
English: There is an legend that, after the Taira clan was destroyed, Kenreimonin (TAIRA no Tokuko), one of the few survivors of the Taira clan, having secluded herself in Ohara, Kyoto, liked the local Tsukemono brought for her comfort, and named the Tsukemono with perilla 'Shibazuke.'
Japanese: 平家が滅亡した後、平家の数少ない生き残りで、京の大原に隠棲した建礼門院（平徳子）が、慰めのために持ち寄られた地元の漬物を気に入り、紫葉の入った漬物、「紫葉漬け」と名付けたという伝承がある。
English: There was a famous commercial film called "Tsukemono Hyakusen (A Hundred Selections of Tsukemono)" by Fujicco, in which Mie YAMAGUCHI shouts 'I want to eat Shibazuke.'
Japanese: 山口美江が「紫葉漬け食べたい」と叫ぶ、フジッコ・漬物百選の有名なCMがあった。
English: Japanese swords (日本刀) are a generic term for swords forged in the originally developed way in Japan.
Japanese: 日本刀（にほんとう、英：Japanesesword）は、日本に於いて独自に発展した方法で鍛えられた刀剣類の総称。
English: Its beautiful shape has symbolic meaning as well as its use as a weapon since ancient times, and many are highly appraised as art objects.
Japanese: 古来から武器としての役割と同時に美しい姿が象徴的な意味を持ち、美術品としても評価の高い物が多い。
English: Old and unbroken lines, including the Imperial family and shrines, value treasure swords (such as Amenomurakumono tsurugi) as a proof of power.
Japanese: 皇室、神社等の古くから続く血統では権威の証としての宝剣(天叢雲剣等)が尊ばれていた。
English: They also functioned as a support pillar of spiritual culture, 'the very soul of the samurai' against the backdrop of the military government.
Japanese: また武家政権を背景に「武士の魂」として精神文化の支柱として機能した。
English: They feature 'a process of folding and forging' two types of metal, hard brittle steel and soft iron, so the Toshin (body of blade) and Nakago (core) are combined together.
Japanese: その特徴は、"折り返し鍛錬法"で鍛え上げられた鋼を素材とする点と、刀身となかご（茎(刀)、中心）が一体となった構造である。
English: Different from swords of other countries, the biggest feature of Japanese swords is that the body of blade itself has artistic value, aside from the fittings (Koshirae).
Japanese: また日本刀は諸外国の刀剣類と異なり、外装品（拵え）とは別に刀身自体が美術的価値を発揮していることを以って最大の特徴である、と言える。
English: In ancient Japan, it was called 'Katana' or 'Sword', and the name 'Japanese sword' was not used.
Japanese: 古来の日本では「刀（かたな）」、もしくは「剣（けん）」と呼び、「日本刀」という呼称を使っていない。
English: The term is found in a poem titled 'A Poem About the Japanese Sword' by Ou-yang Hsui in Baisong.
Japanese: 「日本刀」という呼称は、北宋の詩人である欧陽修（おうようしゅう）の「日本刀歌」に見られる。
English: This poem describes a merchant of Yueh (South China) who goes to Japan to buy Japanese swords already being called treasure swords given their artistic qualities found in the fittings and appearance.
Japanese: この詩の中で、越（華南）の商人が当時既に宝刀と呼ばれていた日本刀を日本まで買い付けに行くことやその外装や容貌などの美術的観点が歌われている。
English: Although the main point of 'A poem About the Japanese Sword' is to lament that books already lost in China still exist in Japan, and not about Japanese swords, it shows that the beauty of Japanese swords was already recognized by overseas curiosos from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period as one of Japan's exports.
Japanese: 「日本刀歌」が歌いたいことは日本刀のことではなく、中国では既に散逸してしまった書物が日本には存在しているということを嘆いた詩ではあるが、日本刀の美しさが、平安時代後期－鎌倉時代初期に既に海外の好事家などにも認められており、輸出品の一つとされていたことを示している。
English: Japanese sword' became widespread as a general term after the late Edo era.
Japanese: 「日本刀」という名称が、日本人にとっての一般的名称として広まったのは幕末以降のことである。
English: This is because paintings from Japan increased their reputation being exported to Western countries after the end of Edo period, started to be called 'Japanese paintings' to distinguish them from the traditional Western paintings, and likewise, the term Japanese sword in contrast to Western swords became established.
Japanese: その理由として、幕末以降、西欧に流出して評価が高まった日本の絵画が従来の西洋の絵画と区別して「日本画」と呼称されるようになった事に対応して、西洋の刀剣に対して日本刀という呼び方が定着した。