nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In the Sengoku period, there were other Irozonae (colored arms) which were formed in a single color such as black or yellow other than red, but the red of the times came from cinnabar which was a high-quality product, and it also highly stood out in the battlefield, therefore, Akazonae were mostly elite troops led by a busho with outstanding bravery, and were passed down as a symbol of honor of bravery from generation to generation.
Japanese: 戦国時代では赤以外にも黒色・黄色等の色で統一された色備えがあったが、当時赤は高級品である辰砂で出されており、戦場でも特に目立つため、赤備えは特に武勇に秀でた武将が率いた精鋭部隊である事が多く、後世に武勇の誉れの象徴として語り継がれた。
English: The first busho who led Akazonae is considered Toramasa OBU who served Takeda clan, afterward, Akazonae is mostly regarded as an alternative word which means Takeda army in Kai Province.
Japanese: 赤備えを最初に率いた武将は武田氏に仕えた虎昌とされ、以後赤備えは専ら甲斐武田軍団の代名詞とされる。
English: The person who first led Akazonae in the Takeda army was Toramasa OBU who was also called "Kozan no Moko (brave tiger in Mt.Kozan) in later generations.
Japanese: 武田軍にて赤備えを最初に率いたのは後代に『甲山の猛虎』とも謳われた飯富虎昌である。
English: It is told that after Toramasa commit suicide by disembowelment (Seppuku) being implicated in the Yoshinobu Incident in 1565, Toramasa's troop was taken over by Masakage YAMAGATA who is considered his own younger brother (or nephew according to another resource), and so was his Akazonea at the same time.
Japanese: 永禄8年（1565年）に虎昌が義信事件に連座し切腹すると、虎昌の部隊は彼の実弟（甥とも）とされる山県昌景が引継ぎ、同時に赤備えも継承したという。
English: It is written in "Koyo Gunkan" (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family, compiled by one of the Takeda vassals, and completed in 1616 by Kagenori OBATA) that both Toramasa OBU and Masakage YAMAGATA were busho who had an outstanding bravery and showed a great performance as a leader of the Takeda Family and the Takeda Army, so it can be said that their achievements raised the value of Akazonae.
Japanese: 飯富虎昌・山県昌景の両者は『甲陽軍艦』において武勇に秀でるとともに武田家及び武田軍の中心として活躍した武将として記されており、両名の活躍が赤備えの価値を高めたと言える。
English: Also, according to "Koyo Gunkan," two others such as Nobusada OBATA and Nobutane ASARI other than the two busho formed Akazonae for their own troops.
Japanese: また、『軍鑑』によれば武田家中ではこの2将以外にも小幡信貞、浅利信種の2名が自部隊を赤備えとしたという。
English: Among the issued documents, there are some documents such as Shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) of the Takeda Family addressed to Nobutoyo TAKEDA in 1572 and 1574, which show the fact that regulations stipulating the equipment and outfit existed in the military system of Takeda clan.
Japanese: 発給文書においては、元亀3年・天正2年の武田信豊宛武田家朱印状など武田氏の軍制において装備外装に関する規定が存在していたことを示す文書が見られる。
English: In the document in 1572, Shingen confirmed that Nobutoyo would exclusively use Shu-iro (Empire red) for his troop's all equipment, and in the document in 1574, Katsuyori TAKEDA permitted that Nobutoyo's Hitoteshu (a troop consisted of high ranking warriors) would wear a black outfit (this matches with the description on the Battle of Nagashino in "Gunkan" and "Shinchoko-ki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA)"), therefore, it is considered that Takeda Army gave a standard of military outfit including color to each Hitoteshu.
Japanese: 元亀3年文書では信玄が信豊に対し装備を朱色で統一することを独占的に認められており、天正2年文書では武田勝頼により信豊の一手衆が黒出立を使用することを許可されており（これは『軍鑑』や『信長公記』長篠合戦時における記述と符号している）、武田軍では一手衆ごとに色彩を含めて兵装の規格化が整えられていたと考えられている。
English: After Takeda clan ruined, Kai Province was conquered by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA by way of the disorder of Honnoji Incident, at the time, the old retainers of the Takeda Family were alloted to Naomasa II, counted one of the Tokugawa-shitenno (four generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu).
Japanese: 武田氏滅亡後、本能寺の変の混乱を経て甲斐国は徳川家康によって平定されるが、その折に武田家の旧臣達を配属されたのが徳川四天王にも数えられる井伊直政である。
English: The old retainers of Sankentai (the troop of Sanken) which had supported Takeda's Akazonae were also allotted to Naomasa, so he organized his own troop as Akazonae taking advantage of the benefit.
Japanese: 武田の赤備えを支えた山県隊の旧臣達も直政に付けられ、これにあやかって直政も自分の部隊を赤備えとして編成している。
English: Ii's Akazonae played a role of spearhead and showed a great performance in the Battle of Komaki-Nagakute, and was feared, which were called Red ogre of Ii.
Japanese: 井伊の赤備えは小牧・長久手の戦いで先鋒を務めて奮戦し、井伊の赤鬼と呼ばれ恐れられた。
English: At the time of Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka), Ieyasu saw Naotaka's gaudy troop and deplored the Akazonae which had fallen to the ground in the peaceful age.
Japanese: 家康が大坂の役の折、煌びやかな直孝隊を見て平和な時代で堕ちた赤備えを嘆いた。
English: Ieyasu is said to have told, discovering some warriors in worn-out armor among them, like "Those warriors should be the vassals from Koshu.", and after the confirmation, "That is a real Akazonae."
Japanese: その中で使い古された具足を身に付けている者達を発見し、「あの者らは甲州からの家臣団であろう」と言い、確認が取れると「あれこそが本来の赤備え」と言ったという。
English: In the Choshu Conquest in 1866, the Hikone Domain led by Naonori II played a role of spearhead for Geishu-guchi.
Japanese: 1866年（慶応2年）の長州征討では井伊直憲率いる彦根藩が芸州口の先鋒を務めた。
English: Although Hikone Domain coped in Akazonae and with matchlock gun which came down from the ancient period with Choshu Domain equipped with Minié rifle, they received the tactic of outranging by the commando unit led by Kogoro ISHIKAWA of Choshu Army when they were about to cross the Oze-gawa River, which led to their self-defeat.
Japanese: 長州藩のミニエー銃に対し、彦根藩は赤備えに火縄銃という古来より伝わる兵装で挑むが、小瀬川を渡ろうとした所を長州軍石川小五郎率いる遊撃隊のアウトレンジ戦法を受け一方的に敗れる。
English: At this time, their being Akazoe worked for the enemy to find out the target more easily against their will, which facilitated Choshu Domain's sniping despite in the night time.
Japanese: この時、赤備えであったことがかえって格好の的となり、夜間にも関わらず長州軍の狙撃を容易にした。
English: It was formed by Nobushige SANADA (Yukimura) in the Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) of Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) in 1615.
Japanese: 慶長20年（1615年）大坂の役大坂夏の陣において真田信繁（幸村）が編成した。
English: It is said that the real intention of Nobushige who entered Osaka Castle tempted by Toyotomi Clan whose defeat was almost obvious was to show the military renown of Sanada to the world by frustrating Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, not in order to gain Onsho (reward grants) or recover his family name.
Japanese: 敗色濃厚な豊臣氏の誘いに乗って大坂城に入った信繁の真意は、恩賞や家名回復ではなく、徳川家康に一泡吹かせてもって真田の武名を天下に示す事だったと言われている。
English: Nobushige SANADA's troop formed in the Takeda Family's traditional Akazonae attacked the headquarters of Ieyasu in the battle of Tenno-ji and the battle of Tenno-ji-guchi, in which they achieved the breaking of headquarters which was said to be for the first time since the Battle of Mikatagahara, and showed the performance as praised in the Satsuma Nikki (Journal of Satsuma Domain) (Shimazu Family) which tells, "Sanada is the best troop in Japan. Even an old story has never told such a strong troop."
Japanese: 武田家伝統の赤備えで編成した真田信繁隊は、天王寺・岡山の戦い天王寺口の戦いで家康本陣を攻撃し、三方ヶ原の戦い以来と言われる本陣突き崩しを成し遂げ、『真田日本一の兵古よりの物語にもこれなき由』と薩摩旧記（島津家）に賞賛される活躍を見せた。
English: It is said that the Mononobe clan's ancestor is Nigihayahimikoto, who is believed to have descended to earth in Koho, Kawachi Province (presumably, present-day Katano City, Osaka Prefecture) before the time of the Imperial family.
Japanese: 物部氏（もののべうじ）は河内国の哮峰（現・大阪府交野市か）に天皇家よりも前に天孫降臨したとされるニギハヤヒミコトを祖先と伝えられる氏族。
English: Originally, the clan administered the manufacturing and maintenance of weapons and gradually became a powerful military clan alongside the Otomo clan.
Japanese: 元々は兵器の製造・管理を主に管掌していたが、しだいに大伴氏とならぶ有力軍事氏族へと成長していった。
English: In the fifth century, the Mononobe clan showed great military performance in the conflict over succession of imperial throne and produced the chief administrator in the era of the Emperor Yuraku.
Japanese: 五世紀代の皇位継承争いにおいて軍事的な活躍を見せ、雄略朝には最高執政官を輩出するようになった。
English: It is well known that there are many clans that have same lineage, such as the Hozumi clan and the Uneme clan.
Japanese: 穂積氏、采女氏をはじめ、同族枝族のすこぶる多いことがその特徴として知られる。
English: When the Iwai War occurred in the northern Kyushu area during the era of the Emperor Keitai, it was the Mononobe clan which was ordered to suppress the revolt.
Japanese: 継体天皇の時代に九州北部で起こった磐井の乱の鎮圧を命じられたのが物部氏だった。
English: MONONOBE no Arakahi, who quelled the war, died in July in the first year of the Emperor Senka.
Japanese: これを鎮圧した物部麁鹿火（あらかい）は宣化天皇の元年の7月に死去している。
English: After the demise of the Emperor Senka, MONONOBE no Okoshi (year of birth and death unknown) was given the Kabane of Omuraji in the era of the next Emperor Kinmei.
Japanese: 宣化天皇の死後、欽明天皇になると物部尾輿（もののべのおこし、生没年不詳）が連（おおむらじ）になった。
English: The pro-Buddhist faction led by SOGA no Iname and the anti-Buddhist faction led by MONONOBE no Okoshi and NAKATOMI no Kamako struggled over how to treat this statue.
Japanese: これの扱いを巡り、蘇我稲目（大臣）を中心とする崇仏派と物部尾興、中臣鎌子を中心とする排仏派が争った。
English: However, due to the recent discovery of the remains of former Shibukawa-ji Temple, which was an Uji-dera Temple (temple built for praying for clan's glory) from the Mononobe clan's place of dwelling, it became difficult to categorize the clan as simply anti-Buddhist, and some say that it was a confrontation not over the matters of each clan's reverence, but over religious services over a national scale.
Japanese: ただし、近年では物部氏の居住跡から氏寺（渋川廃寺）の遺構などが発見され、物部氏を単純な廃仏派として分類することは難しく、個々の氏族の崇拝の問題でなく、国家祭祀の対立であったとする見方もある。
English: After the death of Iname and Okoshi, SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya took over.
Japanese: 稲目・尾興の死後は蘇我馬子、物部守屋（もののべのもりや）に代替わりした。
English: Moriya attacked the Soga clan's temple and threw the statue into the river, then set the temple on fire.
Japanese: 守屋は蘇我氏の寺を襲い、仏像は川に投げ入れ、寺は焼くということをしてしまった。
English: This helped the Soga clan which was gaining strong support from the Empress and the Prince and, following the decree made by the Emperor while still alive asking to respect Buddhism, the Soga clan and the allied forces attacked Moriya as ordered by the Empress of the former Emperor Bidatsu (the older sister of the Emperor Yomei and later the Empress Suiko).
Japanese: これにより皇后や皇子を支持基盤にもつ蘇我氏が有利になり、また天皇が生前、「仏教を敬うように」といった詔があったこともあり、先代の敏達天皇の皇后（用明天皇の姉。後の推古天皇）の命により蘇我氏及び連合軍は物部守屋に攻め込んだ。
English: At first, Moriya MONONOBE gained the upper hand but he died in his base in Shibukawa County, Kawachi Province (present-day Kizuri, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 当初、物部守屋は有利であったが守屋は河内国渋川郡（現・大阪府東大阪市衣摺）の本拠地で戦死した。
English: Known as the Mononobe clan up until 686, from then on the name changed as the Isonokami clan gained the position as head family.
Japanese: 西暦686年（朱鳥元年）までに物部氏から改めた石上氏（いそのかみうじ）が本宗家の地位を得た。
English: ISONOKAMI no Maro, who called himself a descendant of MONONOBE no Me (who was Omuraji in the era of the Emperor Yuryaku), was given the kabane of Ason and was promoted to Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) in 708.
Japanese: 雄略朝の大連・物部目の後裔を称する石上麻呂には朝臣の姓が与えられて、西暦708年（和銅元年）に左大臣。
English: His son, ISONOKAMI no Otomaro was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) in the era of the Emperor Koken and the son of Otomaro, ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu was promoted to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) in the era of the Emperor Kanmu.
Japanese: 息子の石上乙麻呂は孝謙天皇の時代に中納言、乙麻呂の息子の石上宅嗣は桓武天皇の時代に大納言にまで昇った。
English: Yakatsugu goes down in history as the founder of the Untei (the first public library in Japan).
Japanese: また宅嗣は、日本初の図書館・芸亭の創設者としても歴史に名を残している。
English: A characteristic of the Mononobe clan was its distribution throughout the country, and including Mononobes which are not given Kabane, they are too numerous to count.
Japanese: 物部氏の特徴のひとつに広範な地方分布が挙げられ、無姓の物部氏も含めるとその例は枚挙に遑がない。
English: Aside from those Mononobe clan living in the capital like the Isonokami clan, a historical record is left that a person calling himself Mononobe was appointed to the regional officer in Tohoku region of ancient times.
Japanese: 石上氏等中央の物部氏族とは別に、古代東北地方などに物部氏を名乗る人物が地方官に任ぜられている記録がある。
English: According to "Mononobe Bunsho," one of the so-called 'Koshi Koden' (Ancient History and Legends), the Dewa-Mononobe clan called itself a descendant of MONONOBE no Moriya, and Fuso Ryakki (A Brief History of Japan) and Mutsu Waki (A Tale of Mutsu) say that MONONOBE no Nagayori was appointed to Mutsu no Daisakan (the fourth rank officer).
Japanese: 所謂「古史古伝」のひとつである物部文書に拠ると出羽物部氏は物部守屋の子孫と称し、扶桑略記、陸奥話記などには物部長頼が陸奥大目となったことが記載されている。
English: Among the examples of shisei (conferring a surname) to barbarians found in Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories), there is a record that the Kimiko clan was given the Muraji of Mononobe no Shiwa.
Japanese: 六国史に散見する俘囚への賜姓例の中には、吉弥候氏が物部斯波連を賜ったという記録も見える。
English: In a tradition handed down from the ancestors of Mononobe no Sosa Muraji based in Sosa County, Shimousa Province, there is also a record that MONONOBE no Ogoto, who was a child of MONONOBE no Futsukuru and a younger brother of MONONOBE no Itabi, entered into the Kanto region.
Japanese: また、下総国匝瑳郡に本拠を持つ物部匝瑳連の祖先伝承に、物部布都久留の子で物部木蓮子の弟の物部小事が関東地方に進出したというものがある。
English: There is a theory regarding this that points to a connection with Shita County, Hitachi Province, and also a connection between Katori-jingu Shrine and the Mononobe clan.
Japanese: これについては常陸国信太郡との関連を指摘する説があり、香取神宮と物部氏の関連も指摘されている。
English: A settlement of the Mononobe clan was located in the eastern part of Owari Province of ancient times, and Takamu-Jinja Shrine, which is said to have been an arsenal, and Mononobe-jinja Shrine still remain today.
Japanese: 古代尾張国の東部に物部氏の集落があり、現在は物部神社と、武器庫であったと伝えられる高牟神社が残っている。
English: There is also a theory that 'Mononobe-jinja Shrine' (Oda City, Shimane Prefecture), which is an ichinomiya (a shrine occupying the highest rank among the shrines of a province) of Iwami Province was built as an appeasement for ancient Izumo except for the theory of arm control.
Japanese: 石見国の一の宮「物部神社(大田市)」（島根県大田市）は、部民設置地説以外に古代出雲に対する鎮めとして創建されたとする説もある。
English: It is said that the Koto clan, the military governor of Nagato and Kaneko clan, the family of Shinto priest of Mononobe-jinja Shrine, and Sone clan, the family of Shinto priest of Hirose-jinja Shrine and Sorai OGYU, shogun's retainer in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) are the descendents.
Japanese: 長門守護の厚東氏、物部神社神主家の金子氏、広瀬神社神主家の曾禰氏の他、江戸幕府の幕臣　荻生徂徠などが子孫といわれる。
English: Asuka Culture was a Buddhist culture that flourished mainly in Yamato Province under Empress Suiko.
Japanese: 飛鳥文化（あすかぶんか）は、推古天皇を頂点として大和国を中心に華開いた仏教文化である。
English: It was an abundantly cosmopolitan culture, influenced by the Northern and Southern Dynasties period culture of the Chinese continent, which was introduced to Japan via the Korean kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo.
Japanese: 朝鮮半島の百済や高句麗を通じて伝えられた中国大陸の南北朝時代(中国)の文化の影響を受け、国際性豊かな文化でもある。
English: Buddhism was officially introduced into Japan via Baekje either during the reign of Emperor Senka in 538 or the reign of Emperor Kinmei in 552.
Japanese: 仏教の百済からの公伝は宣化天皇・欽明天皇の538年（宣化3）または552年（欽明13）といわれている。
English: According to the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), the introduction of Buddhism into Japan was spearheaded by SOGA no Iname, who enshrined a gilt bronze statue of Shakyamuni that had been presented, together with some sutras, to the Imperial court by King Seong of Baekje, in his house at Oharida and purified his house in Mukuhara, converting it into Kogen-ji Temple.
Japanese: 当時仏教受容の先頭を切ったのは蘇我稲目であり、百済の聖王が日本の朝廷の伝えてきた金銅釈迦像・経典若干卷のうちの仏像を小墾田（おはりだ）の家に安置し、さらに向原（むくはら）の家を清めて向原寺（こうげんじ）とした（『日本書紀』）。
English: A dispute over the adoption of Buddhism between the Soga clan, who had greatly contributed to dissemination of Buddhism in Japan, and their opponents, the Mononobe clan led to conflict between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
Japanese: 仏教の摂取と流布に大いに貢献した蘇我氏とこれに反対する物部氏との対立（崇仏論争）はのちに蘇我馬子と物部守屋との間での戦乱を招く。
English: Following the Soga's victory, Buddhist culture developed under the Soga clan and the clan-affiliated Okimi (King, a term used before "Emperor" became common), mainly in and around the capital Asuka-kyo, home to the Yamato royalty.
Japanese: これに勝利した蘇我氏と蘇我氏系大王のもと、王権の本拠地である飛鳥京を中心に仏教文化が発展する。
English: In 595, two monks, Eji from Goguryeo and Eso from Baekje, arrived in Japan and became naturalized.
Japanese: 595年（推古3）に高句麗僧慧慈（えじ）・百済僧慧聰（えそう）が来朝・帰化した。
English: Contrary to the intentions of devotees, Asuka-dera Temple and Shitenno-ji Temple became state-administered temples.
Japanese: 飛鳥寺や四天王寺は、発願者の意図と違って国家的な寺院（官寺）であった。
English: In 594, following the issue of an imperial decree promoting Buddhism, many powerful clans competed to build private temples (known as uji-dera) for the Emperor and their ancestors.
Japanese: また、594年（推古2）に仏教興隆の詔が下されたのを受けて諸臣連達が、天皇と自己の祖先一族のために競って私寺（氏寺）を造り始めた。
English: Construction began in 588 during the reign of Emperor Sushun and was completed in 596 during the reign of Empress Suiko.
Japanese: 崇峻朝の588年（崇峻元）に着工され、596年（推古4）に完成した。
English: Although it was the first full-scale private temple in Japan, it strongly resembled a state-owned temple due to the support it received from the Soga clan-controlled royal family.
Japanese: 日本で最初の本格的な私寺であるが、蘇我系王族の強い支援のもと、官寺としての性格が強い。
English: The temple's design resembled that of Shitenno-ji Temple, with the Nanmon (South Gate), Chumon (Central Gate), pagoda, kondo (main hall) and kodo (lecture hall) running in a straight line from south to north.
Japanese: 伽藍は、ほぼ南北に通る中軸線上に南から南門・中門・塔・金堂・講堂が一直線上に並んでいる四天王寺式である。
English: It had two additional kondo situated to the east and west of the pagoda, with a corridor from the Chumon Gate that went around them and converged behind the kondo.
Japanese: 塔の東西にも金堂が置かれ、中門から出ている回廊はその外側を通って、金堂の背後で閉じている。
English: The site of the main kondo is now occupied by the Ango-in Hall, which houses the Kondo-butsu or Asuka Daibutsu (a gilt bronze statue of Buddha in a sitting position), believed to have been made by KURATSUKURI no Tori.
Japanese: 現在の安居院は中金堂の位置にあり、鞍作止利作とされる金銅仏・飛鳥大仏が安置されている。
English: According to the "Nihonshoki," Buddha's ashes were buried under the central foundation stone of the pagoda in 593.
Japanese: 593年（推古元）塔の心礎に仏舎利を安置したという（『日本書紀』）。
English: The central line (middle road) between Asuka-dera Temple's central axis and that of Kawahara-dera Temple, which was built in the last year of Emperor Tenchi's reign or the first year of Emperor Tenmu's reign, became one of standards in the design of Emperor Tenmu's capital, Fujiwara-kyo, and the distance between both axial lines became a standard measurement of grid lines for allotment of land in Asuka.
Japanese: 飛鳥寺の中軸線と天智天皇の末年か天武天皇初年に建てられた川原寺の中軸線との中心線（中道）は、天武朝の藤原京の設定の一基準となり、両中軸の間隔は亦、飛鳥の方格地割りの基準となった。
English: This was the Imperial Family's first Buddhist temple, completed in 639 by Emperor Jomei and, after his death, succeeded by his consort, Empress Kogyoku, and his son, Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: 舒明天皇の没後、妻の皇極天皇、子の天智によって継承され、639年（舒明11）に完成された天皇家最初の仏教寺院である。
English: It was one of the top temples in East Asia at the time, with its towering nine-story pagoda, equivalent to a modern twenty-five story building, two times higher than Horyu-ji Temple's five-story pagoda.
Japanese: それは、九重の塔がそびえ建ち、高さは法隆寺の五重塔の二倍もあり、現代の25階ビルに相当し、当時の東アジアでも超一級の寺院であった。
English: Stories of the disputes over the worship or abolishment of Buddhism were handed down by the Soga clan, but there really existed a struggle for political power between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
Japanese: 崇仏、排仏論争は蘇我氏が語り伝えたもので、馬子と守屋の政治権力闘争であった。
English: Although some Nara period structural platforms have been excavated, no remnants from the Asuka period have been found.
Japanese: 奈良時代の建物基壇などが発掘されているが、飛鳥時代の遺構は見つかっていない。
English: This style was characterized by solemn and majestic masculine figures with apricot kernel-shaped eyes, lips of a sharp crescent shape and symmetric and geometric patterns on their clothes.
Japanese: 男性的で端厳、杏仁形の眼、仰月形の鋭い唇、左右対称の幾何学衣文を特徴とする。
English: The "Sangyogisho" (Three Sutra Annotations) is believed to have been written by Prince Shotoku who was deeply committed to Buddhism.
Japanese: 『三経義疏』（さんぎょうぎしょ）は、仏教に深く傾倒した聖徳太子の著作といわれている。
English: The quote on Tenjukoku Mandara Shucho (a piece of embroidered silk) 'the real world is false and temporary, only the Buddha is true' is said to show how Prince Shotoku was feeling in his later life.
Japanese: 天寿国曼荼羅繍帳にある「世間虚仮、唯仏是真」（せけんこけ、ゆいぶつぜしん）という言葉は、聖徳太子の晩年の心境をよく窺うことが出来るとされている。
English: Throughout the Asuka area, there can be found many stone objects such as the Saruishi (Monkey Stones), Doso-jin (travelers' guardian deity) carved form stone and Tachibana-dera Temple's Nimen-ishi (Double-faced Stone), all of which are considered religious relics.
Japanese: 飛鳥各地に存在する猿石・道祖神石、橘寺の二面石などと呼ばれる石造物、宗教の遺物と考えられている。
English: It is said that the clan descended from Ameno Oshihi-no-Mikoto, who served as a guide in Tensonkorin (the descent to Earth of the grandson of the Sun Goddess) and had a kindred relationship with the Saeki clan (the Saeki clan was generally regarded as a branch family of the Otomo clan, though some say the opposite is true).
Japanese: 天孫降臨の時に先導を行った天忍日命（あめのおしひのみこと）の子孫とされ、佐伯氏とは同族関係であるとされている（一般には佐伯氏を大伴氏の分家とするが、その逆とする説もある）。
English: As the word "Otomo" is said to mean "Grand Tomonomiyatsuko" (the chief of various departments at the Imperial Court), the Otomo clan presumably controlled various other clans.
Japanese: 大伴は、おそらく「大きな伴造」という意味で、多くの氏族を束ねていたと思われる。
English: The difference between these two military clans, the Otomo and the Mononobe, can be likened to bodyguards versus the national army, respectively.
Japanese: 軍事氏族としての大伴氏と物部氏の違いは、あえて言えば、親衛隊的な大伴氏と、国軍的な物部氏と見ればわかりやすいであろう。
English: The Otomo clan extended its influence in the late 5th century, during the age of OTOMO no Muroya and the reign of Emperor Yuryaku, reaching the height of its prosperity when OTOMO no Kanamura--the grandson of Muroya--became Oomuraji in the reign of Emperor Buretsu.
Japanese: 雄略天皇の時代の5世紀後半の大伴室屋（むろや）の時代より勢力を伸ばし、武烈天皇の代に孫の大伴金村（かなむら）が連（おおむらじ）になった時が全盛期であった。
English: Kanamura was credited with the reception of Emperor Keitai, was appointed to govern Mimana, and was serving as Oomuraji during the reigns of 5 different emperors--Emperors Buretsu, Keitai, Ankan, Senka and Kinmei but, upon being ousted from power on the accusation of ceding 4 prefectures within Minama to Kudara in the reign of Kinmei, he hid himself in his home in Sumiyoshi County, Settsu Province (present-day Tedzukayama, Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City).
Japanese: 金村は継体天皇を迎え入れた功績があり、また任那の運営を任されており、武烈、継体、安閑天皇、宣化天皇、欽明天皇の5代にわたって大連を務めたが、欽明天皇の時代に百済へ任那4県を割譲したことの責任を問われ失脚し、摂津国住吉郡(現大阪市住吉区帝塚山)の邸宅に篭る。
English: (The late Jyugo KUROIWA claimed that Kanamura was brought down after his involvement in the succession conflict between Kinmei and the other two Emperors of Senka and Ankan who disputed his coronation.)
Japanese: (なお、これについては故黒岩重吾は実際には即位していない安閑・宣化と欽明天皇の王位継承争いに巻き込まれて失脚したと主張していた。)
English: Despite conflict, the Otomo clan maintained its influence, and OTOMO no Nagatoko was promoted to Udaijin (Minister of the Right) after the Taika Reforms in the Asuka Period.
Japanese: しかし、大伴氏の力はまだ失われておらず、飛鳥時代の大化の改新の後、649年に大伴長徳（ながとこ）が右大臣になっている。
English: In the Jinshin War of 672, OTOMO no Maguta and OTOMO no Fukei, who were the brothers of Nagatoko, commanded the army with distinction, after which the Otomo clan produced Dainagon (Chief Councilors of State), Chunagon (Vice Councilors of State), and Sangi (Councilors) within the political world until the Nara Period.
Japanese: また、672年の壬申の乱の時は長徳の弟にあたる大伴馬来田（まぐた）・大伴吹負（ふけい）兄弟が兵を率いて功績を立てており、以後、奈良時代までの政界で大納言・中納言・参議等が輩出している。
English: The Otomo clan also produced several kajins (waka poets), such as OTOMO no Yasumaro, OTOMO no Tabito, OTOMO no Yakamochi, and OTOMO no Sakanouenoiratsume.
Japanese: また、大伴安麻呂、大伴旅人、大伴家持、大伴坂上郎女などといった歌人を多く世に出している。
English: The Nara Period was marked by political strife in which the Otomo clan was often involved and in Nagayao no Hen (the Conspiracy of Nagayao), Tabito, who was close to Nagayao, was temporarily transferred to Dazaifu as punishment, while in TACHIBANA no Naramaro no Hen (the Conspiracy of TACHIBANA no Moroe, which involved the son of TACHIBANA no Moroe), Komoro was tortured to death and OTOMO no Kojihi was deported, not to return until after the demise of the Emperor Shotoku.
Japanese: しかし、奈良時代はとかく政争が多かったが、大伴氏もそれに関わる事が多く、長屋王の変では長屋王と親しかった旅人は事件前後に一時的に大宰府に左遷された程度で済んだが、橘奈良麻呂（橘諸兄の息子）の変では古麻呂は拷問死、大伴古慈悲は流罪(称徳天皇崩御後に復帰。)に処された。
English: OTOMO no Yakamochi was not involved in either incident, although he was allegedly involved in the assassination plot of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and was transferred as punishment.
Japanese: この事件には家持は関与していなかったが、後に藤原仲麻呂の暗殺計画に関わっていたとされ、左遷の憂き目を見る。
English: Then, after Emperor Kanmu, who was not a descendant of Emperor Tenmu's imperial line (Emperor Tenmu was enthroned after the Jinshin War), was enthroned, Yakamochi was transferred again under suspicion of involvement in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's War.
Japanese: その後、壬申の乱で擁立した天武天皇の皇統が断絶し、その血を全く引かない桓武天皇が即位すると、今度は氷上川継の乱への関与を疑われて、また左遷されてしまう。