nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1162, Goshirakawa renovated Owada no tomari in Settsu with an eye on developing trade between Japan and Song, and Kiyomori built a mountain residence in the neighboring Fukuhara as a base for Japan-Song trade, showing that Goshirakwa and Kiyomori worked together to develop Japan-Song trade.
Japanese: 応保2年（1162年）、後白河が日宋貿易の発展を目論んで摂津の大輪田泊を修築した際、清盛は隣接地の福原に日宋貿易の拠点として山荘を築いているが、このことは、後白河と清盛が共同して日宋貿易に取り組んでいたことを示している。
English: Kiyomori held the position of Kokushi (provincial governor) in Western Japan since he was young, and he further strengthened the influence of the Taira clan in the west.
Japanese: 清盛は、若い頃から西国の国司を歴任し、父から受け継いだ西国の平氏勢力をさらに強化していた。
English: He was deeply involved in Japan-Song trade when he was Dazai no daini (the next seat position of Dazaifu), and he organized the pirates in the Seto Inland Sea as a naval force under the Ise Heishi (Taira clan) when he was governor of the Aki and Harima Provinces and strengthened his control over Seto Inland Sea transportation.
Japanese: 大宰大弐を務めた時は日宋貿易に深く関与し、安芸守・播磨守を務めた時は瀬戸内海の海賊を伊勢平氏勢力下の水軍に編成して瀬戸内海交通の支配を強めていった。
English: With such a background of accumulating power, Kiyomori was deeply connected with Goshirakawa.
Japanese: こうして涵養した実力を背景として、清盛は後白河と深く結びついていた。
English: In addition, when Motozane died, Kiyomori had all of the shoen groups accumulated by the line of regents inherited by Motozane's official wife, Moriko, Kiyomori's daughter.
Japanese: また、基実が死去した際、清盛は摂関家が蓄積してきた荘園群を基実の正室盛子＝清盛の娘に伝領させた。
English: FUJIWARA no Motofusa, who succeeded FUJIWARA no Motozane as family head of the line of regents, criticized this as an usurping by the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) but this incident clearly shows the decrease in authority of the line of regents and the Kiyomori family gained a substantial financial foundation.
Japanese: 摂関家を嗣いだ藤原基房は伊勢平氏による押領だと非難したが、この事件は摂関家の威信の低下を如実に表しており、清盛一族は大きな経済基盤を獲得した。
English: As shown above, the Taira clan administration was established in the latter half of the 1160s due to increased influence of military force in the political scene, strong collaboration between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori, the relationship between Goshirakawa and Shigeko, Takakura's ascension, Kiyomori's support of the Daijin, substantial financial power based on Japan-Song trade and accumulated properties (shoen), and military power based on the western bushi and the Seto Inland Sea naval force.
Japanese: 以上に見るように、政治世界における武力が占める比重の増加、後白河と清盛の強い連携、後白河と滋子の関係、高倉の即位、清盛の大臣補任、日宋貿易や集積した所領（荘園）に基づく巨大な経済力、西国武士や瀬戸内海の水軍を中心とする軍事力などを背景として、1160年代後期に平氏政権が確立した。
English: At this time, Goshirakawa was trying to strengthen the cloister government and gave Kiyomori's son, TAIRA no Shigemori the rights to the military and guards to police the Tokai-do, Tosan-do, Sanyo-do, and Nankai-do routes.
Japanese: この時期、後白河は院政の強化を図っており、清盛の子の平重盛に軍事警察権を委任し、東海道・東山道・山陽道・南海道の追討を担当させた。
English: Kiyomori was in charge of making sure the Imperial Palace guard service, which required bushi from the provinces to travel to Kyoto for guard duty at the Imperial Palace in alternation, ran smoothly.
Japanese: また、内裏の警備のために諸国から武士を交替で上京させる内裏大番役の催促についても、清盛が担うようになっていた。
English: Such actions required a close relationship with the Retired Emperor and left the Taira clan administration, with Shigemori at its center, in charge of the military guard division of the cloister government, while on the other hand, Kiyomori is thought to have pursued a route independent of the Retired Emperor and established strong financial, military and transportation foundations in the west.
Japanese: こうした動きは、院と深く連携して院政の軍事警察部門を担当することを平氏政権の基盤に置くものであり、その中心には重盛がいたが、その一方で清盛は、西国に築いた強固な経済・軍事・交通基盤によって院政とは独自の路線を志向するようになっていたと考えられている。
English: He retired from the political scene and moved to his mountain retreat in Fukuhara to start actively participating in Japan-Song trade and Seto Inland Sea trade.
Japanese: 政界から引退して福原の山荘へ移り、日宋貿易および瀬戸内海交易に積極的に取り組み始めた。
English: Goshirakawa showed understanding towards Kiyomori's stance and visited the mountain retreat in Fukuhara every year from 1169 to 1177.
Japanese: 後白河も清盛の姿勢に理解を示し、嘉応元年（1169年）から安元3年（1177年）まで毎年のように福原の山荘へ赴いた。
English: In 1170, Goshirakawa met a person from Song at the Fukuhara mountain retreat, but this was an act that was considered taboo because of Emperor Uda's will and Kanezane KUJO wrote with astonishment, 'This is the most shocking event in Japan since Engi era.
Japanese: 嘉応2年（1170年）後白河は福原山荘にて宋人と対面しているが、これは宇多天皇の遺戒でタブーとされた行為であり、九条兼実は「我が朝、延喜以来未曾有の事なり。
English: The same year, FUJIWARA no Hidehira became Chinjufu shogun (Commander-in-chief of the Defense of the North and the courtly title of the Fourth Rank) but was assumed to have received the position in exchange for donations of gold, which was an export in Japan-Song trade.
Japanese: 同年に藤原秀衡が鎮守府将軍になるが、日宋貿易の輸出品である金の貢納と引き換えに任じられたと推測される。
English: Kanezane also wrote regarding this and argued that promoting the 'barbarian' Hidehira was 'the cause of more troubled times,' but these actions led to further developments in Japan-Song trade.
Japanese: これについても兼実は「夷狄（いてき）」の秀衡を任じたことは「乱世の基」であると非難しているが、これらの施策により日宋貿易は本格化していった。
English: In 1171, Kiyomori had his daughter, TAIRA no Tokuko (Kenreimonin) appointed as Emperor Takakura's Chugu (Empress Consort).
Japanese: 承安(日本)元年（1171年）、清盛は娘の平徳子（建礼門院）を高倉天皇の中宮とした。
English: Together with Kiyomori's family, Kenshunmonin's older brother, TAIRA no Tokitada's family was also successful, and at its peak, there were more than 10 members of court nobles and more than 30 officials from both Taira clans.
Japanese: 清盛一族と同様に、建春門院の兄・平時忠一族も栄達し、両平氏から全盛期には10数名の公卿、殿上人30数名を輩出するに至った。
English: According to the "Tale of Heike," Tokitada was quoted to have said 'Anyone who is not a member of the Heike is a nobody.'
Japanese: 『平家物語』によれば、時忠は「平家一門でない者は人ではない（この一門にあらざれば人非人たるべし）」と放言したと伝えられている。
English: The good relationship between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori that had lasted for a while began to change greatly after Kenshunmonin's death in 1176.
Japanese: ながらく続いた後白河と清盛の良好な関係は、安元2年（1176年）の建春門院の死によって大きな変化が生じ始めた。
English: Kenshunmonin was deeply loved by Goshirakawa and was an important person in binding the relationship between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori, but after her death, the conflicts that had accumulated between the two parties became apparent.
Japanese: 後白河の寵愛する建春門院は、後白河と清盛の関係をつなぐ重要な存在であったが、その死は、両者間に蓄積していた対立点を顕在化させることとなった。
English: Emperor Takakura had come of age and was interested in participating in politics, but Goshirakawa wished for a continued cloistered government, which led to strong conflicts over promotions between the Taira clan who supported Takakura, and the close aides that supported Goshirakawa.
Japanese: 高倉天皇は成人して政治への関与を深めていたが、後白河も院政継続を望んでいたため、高倉を擁する平氏と後白河を擁する院近臣の間には人事を巡って鋭い対立が生じていた。
English: When the cloistered government close aides, FUJIWARA no Sadayoshi and FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi became Kurodo no to (Head of the Imperial Officers), in competition, Shigemori and Munemori from the Taira clan side became Sadaisho (leader of the left Imperial Guards) and Udaisho (leader of the right Imperial Guards) respectively, and a stalemate continued for a while.
Japanese: 院近臣の藤原定能・藤原光能が蔵人頭になったことに対抗して、平氏側からは重盛・宗盛がそれぞれ左大将・右大将になるなど、しばらくは膠着状態が続いた。
English: Goshirakawa visited Fukuhara to try to find ways to recover the relationship with the Taira clan, but suddenly the Enryaku-ji Temple became a new player in the game.
Japanese: 後白河は福原を訪れて平氏との関係修復を模索するが、ここに突然、新たな要素として延暦寺が登場する。
English: The beginning was an incident where Kaga no kami (the governer of Kaga Province) FUJIWARA no Morotaka burned a branch temple of Hakusan, and initially this was simply an ordinary conflict between the Mokudai (personal deputy of an absentee provincial governor) and the local temple, but the main temple of Hakusan was Enryaku-ji Temple and because Morotaka's father was the cloistered government aide Saiko, this led to a direct confrontation at the central government between the Enryaku-ji Temple and the cloistered government.
Japanese: 加賀守・藤原師高の目代が白山の末寺を焼いたことが発端で、当初は目代と現地の寺社によるありふれた紛争にすぎなかったが、白山の本寺が延暦寺であり、師高の父が院近臣の西光だったため、中央に波及して延暦寺と院勢力との全面衝突に発展した。
English: During this direct petition, Shigemori's forces made a mistake when they shot an arrow at a portable shrine, which led to an advantage for the Enryaku-ji Temple side and was settled temporarily by Morotake's exile.
Japanese: この強訴では、重盛の兵が神輿を射るという失態を犯したことで延暦寺側に有利に事が運び、師高の配流で一旦は決着する。
English: In April 1177, a great fire (called 'the Great Fire of the Angen era' or 'Taro (a common name for a first son) Fire') broke out and completely burned the Daidairi (Heian Imperial Palace), Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace) and Kancho (government offices).
Japanese: 安元3年（1177年）4月には、大内裏・大極殿・官庁の全てが全焼する大火が発生した（太郎焼亡）。
English: In this situation, Saiko, who had a deep resentment towards Enryaku-ji Temple, demanded that Tendai Zasu (Chief Tendai Abbot) Myoun was the leader of the direct petition and asked Goshirakawa to punish him.
Japanese: このような中で延暦寺への恨みを抱く西光は後白河に、天台座主・明雲が強訴の張本人であり処罰することを訴えた。
English: Myoun was suddenly forced to quit as Zasu, had his property taken away, and was exiled to Izu.
Japanese: 明雲は突如、座主を解任されて所領まで没収された上、伊豆に配流となった。
English: The monks at the Enryaku-ji Temple were angered and rescued Myoun, leading to a revival of hostilities between the Enryaku-ji Temple and the cloistered government.
Japanese: 激怒した延暦寺の大衆が明雲の身柄を奪回したため、ここに延暦寺と院勢力との抗争が再燃することになった。
English: Goshirakawa commanded Kiyomori to attack the Enryaku-ji Temple, but Kiyomori himself was not motivated to attack and instead was angry at Goshirakwa and Saiko for making the situation worse.
Japanese: 後白河は清盛に延暦寺への攻撃を命じるが、清盛自身は攻撃に消極的であり、むしろ事態を悪化させた後白河や西光に憤りを抱いていた。
English: Immediately before the attack on the Enryaku-ji Temple in June 1, Yukitsuna TADA informed on cloistered government aides, Narichika, Saiko, and Shunkan, claiming that they had gathered in Shishigatani in suburban Kyoto to discuss toppling the Taira clan.
Japanese: 延暦寺攻撃直前の6月1日、多田行綱が京都郊外の鹿ヶ谷で成親、西光、俊寛ら院近臣が集まり平氏打倒の謀議をしていたと密告した。
English: It is not clear whether there was an actual conspiracy, but Kiyomori was able to prevent a military confrontation with the Enryaku-ji Temple that he did not want and Goshirakawa lost many close aides and political power.
Japanese: 陰謀が事実であったかは定かでないが、これにより清盛は延暦寺との望まぬ軍事衝突を回避することができ、後白河は多くの近臣を失い、政治発言権を著しく低下させてしまった。
English: Kiyomori dropped his relationship with Goshirakawa, and strengthened his ties with Emperor Takakura, and Takakura was interested in becoming independent of the Goshirakawa cloistered government, leading to a joint issuance of the 17 New Rules in 1178.
Japanese: 清盛は、後白河との関係を放棄する一方で高倉天皇との関係を強化し、高倉もまた後白河院政からの独立を志向し、翌治承2年（1178年）、両者は連携して新制17条を発布した。
English: In 1178, Chugu Tokuko (Kiyomori's daughter) gave birth to Emperor Takakura's son and this son was invested as Crown Prince when he was one month old.
Japanese: 同年には中宮・徳子（清盛の娘）が高倉の皇子を出産し、皇子は生後1月で皇太子に立てられた。
English: In 1179, when Shigemori and Moriko died, Goshirakawa collaborated with Regent Motofusa to seize the province that Shigemori governed (Echizen) and Moriko's shoen.
Japanese: 治承3年（1179年）重盛と盛子が相次いで死去すると、後白河は関白基房と共謀し、清盛に無断で重盛の知行国（越前）と盛子の荘園を没収した。
English: The conflict between Takakura and Kiyomori's side with Goshirakawa's side worsened especially because Moriko's property was to be inherited by Takakura.
Japanese: 特に盛子の所領は高倉が相伝することが決まっていたため、高倉・清盛側と後白河側の対立は悪化の一途をたどった。
English: On November 14, Kiyomori arrived in Kyoto from Fukuhara and fired, beginning with Regent Motofusa, Gonchunagon Moroie (head of the Left Division of the Outer Palace Guards), FUJIWARA no Moronaga and 39 other people (8 aristocrats, 31 court officers, province officers, Kenbiishi, etc.) and locked Goshirakawa up at the Toba residence.
Japanese: 11月14日清盛は福原から上京すると、関白・基房、権中納言・師家を手始めに、藤原師長以下39名（貴族8名、殿上人・受領・検非違使など31名）を解官、後白河も鳥羽殿へ幽閉した。
English: This was in actuality, suppression of the imperial Court by military power and the Goshirakawa cloistered government was completely terminated.
Japanese: これは事実上、軍事力による朝廷の制圧であり後白河院政は完全に停止された。
English: This 'Political Change in Jicho 3 (1179)' is considered by some as the initial establishment of the Taira clan administration as a bushi government.
Japanese: この治承三年の政変をもって、武家政権としての平氏政権が初めて成立したとする見解もある。
English: Members of the Taira clan and pro-Taira aristocrats took the places of previous high officials and there was an extensive replacement of province governors, leading to the strengthening of military control organization on the central and local level by the members of the Taira clan.
Japanese: 従前の高官に代わって平氏一族や親平氏的貴族が登用され、また知行国の大幅な入れ替えもあって中央・地方の両面において平氏一門を中心とする軍事的な支配体制が強化していった。
English: In the same year, the number of directly governed provinces reached 25 and the number of provinces with governors related to the Taira clan reached 29, which meant the east as well as the west, the power base of Ise Taira clan (Heishi), began to feel the control of the Taira clan administration.
Japanese: 同年の平氏一門の知行国25か国、国守29か国にのぼり、伊勢平氏の勢力基盤の西国のみならず、東国にも平氏政権の勢力が及ぶこととなった。
English: It is said that the shoen of the Taira clan numbered over 500, but the Taira clan controlled these shoen not as the Honke (main house), which is the highest grade of owner, but worked for shoen management as the Ryoke (main proprietor) and Azukari dokoro.
Japanese: 平氏の荘園は500余箇所だったとされているが、平氏は本家などといった最上位の領主として荘園を支配したのではなく、領家や預所といった職で荘園管理に当たっていた。
English: The Taira clan administration organized the local bushi and sent their retainers to provinces and assigned them as local custodians at provinces and Jito at shoens in order to facilitate local governance.
Japanese: 平氏政権は、各地の武士を系列化したり、家人の武士を各地へ派遣し、知行国においては国守護人、荘園においては地頭と呼ばれる職に任命して現地支配に当たらせた。
English: However, the details of this system of local governance are not clear because there are few historical documents, and it is considered that it did not happen consistently throughout the area controlled by the Taira clan, but was a transient phenomena while testing ways for bushi to govern.
Japanese: ただし、こうした現地支配の形態は、関係史料が少ないため明らかでない部分もあるが、平氏支配地に一律で適用されたのではなく、武士による支配を模索する中で現れたに過ぎないとされている。
English: Later, compared to the more established samurai government control by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it was an undeveloped system without an established lower-ranking vassal system, but was nonetheless significant because it built a control network through bushi that was not seen in previous aristocratic governments, and therefore in the academic field it is largely considered as a beginning form of samurai government.
Japanese: これは後の鎌倉幕府による本格的な武家政権支配と比較すると、御家人制度のように確立されたものでもなく未熟なものだったといえるが、武士を通じた支配ネットワークを構築したことは従前の貴族政権には見られない画期的なものとされ、ゆえに学界では発現期の武家政権であるとする評価が主流となっている。
English: The local custodians for the governor and Jito that TAIRA no Kiyomori established are considered as the prototypes of Shugo and Jito in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: なお、平清盛が置いた国守護人・地頭は、鎌倉期におけるの守護・地頭の祖形だと考えられている。
English: In February 1180, the three-year-old Emperor Antoku ascended the throne and the Retired Emperor Takakura started his cloistered government.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）2月、3歳の安徳天皇が践祚し、高倉上皇は院政を開始した。
English: This period was the peak, when the Taira clan administration built its strongest organization, but this was based on good relations with Goshirakawa, and since the relationship with Goshirakawa had soured with the coup d'etat the previous year, the peak of the Taira clan administration was on an extremely weak foundation.
Japanese: この時こそ清盛の平氏政権が最も強固な体制を築いた絶頂期であったが、しかし、平氏政権は後白河との良好な関係の上に形成されてきたのであり、前年のクーデターによって後白河との関係は解消されてしまっており、平氏政権の絶頂は極めて脆弱な基盤に載っていたといえる。
English: Upon the start of Takakura's cloistered government, Kiyomori attended Takakura to give offerings at Itsukushima in Aki Province.
Japanese: 清盛は高倉院政の開始に当たって、高倉とともに安芸国厳島への社参を行った。
English: But this was against tradition, which was to visit Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine and Kamo-jinja Shrine upon a change in emperor, leading to the Onjo-ji Temple and the Kofuku-ji Temple simultaneously starting to oppose Kiyomori.
Japanese: しかしこれは、代替わりに石清水八幡宮・賀茂神社へ社参するという慣例に反するものであり、園城寺・興福寺などは一斉に清盛へ反抗の姿勢を見せ始めた。
English: In April 1180, with the anti-Kiyomori movement, Prince Mochihito (Goshirakawa's second son) issued a call for attacking the Taira clan and collaborated with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa to raise forces.
Japanese: 反清盛の気運が高まる中、治承4年（1180年）4月には以仁王（後白河の第2皇子）が平氏追討の令旨を発し、源頼政と結んで挙兵した。
English: However, Kiyomori acted swiftly and the Taira troops were defeated, and Prince Mochihito and Yorimasa killed.
Japanese: しかし清盛は迅速に対応し、平氏軍は以仁王と頼政をすぐに敗死へ追い込んだ。
English: However, major temples such as the Kofuku-ji Temple and the Onjo-ji Temple had participated in the rebellion, so Kiyomori decided to have the Emperor visit Fukuhara with the aim of moving the capital from Kyoto, which would place the Taira clan at a geographic disadvantage.
Japanese: しかし叛乱に興福寺や園城寺などの有力寺院が与したことから、清盛は平氏にとって地勢的に不利な京都からの遷都を目指して福原京福原行幸を決行した。
English: However, the retired Emperor Takakura indicated his desire to not leave Heian-kyo (the ancient capital) and this move was also very unpopular with the aristocracy, leading to more animosity among the Imperial Court members against Kiyomori.
Japanese: ところが高倉上皇が平安京を放棄しない意向を示すなど、この遷都計画は貴族らに極めて不評であり、朝廷内部に清盛への反感が募っていった。
English: Furthermore, answering the call by Prince Mochihito, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, MINAMOTO no Nobuyoshi (Kai Genji (Minamoto clan)) of the east raised anti-Taira clan forces and also Tada-Genji (Minamoto clan), Mino-Genji (Minamoto clan), Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan), Ishikawa-Genji (Minamoto clan) of Kawachi, the Kikuchi clan of Kyushu, Tanzo of Kumano in Kii Province and MINAMOTO no Mareyoshi in Tosa started to rebel against the Taira clan.
Japanese: さらに、以仁王の令旨を受けて、東国の源頼朝、源義仲、源信義（甲斐源氏）らが相次いで反平氏の兵を挙げ、さらに多田源氏、美濃源氏、近江源氏、河内の石川源氏、九州の菊池氏・紀伊熊野の湛増・土佐の源希義らも反平氏の行動を始めていた。
English: The background for anti-Taira movements was because there was animosity towards the Taira clan, who gave precedence to their own vassals and related persons while preventing local forces from ruling Taira clan governed provinces and property.
Japanese: こうした反平氏の動きの背景には、平氏が現地勢力を軽視して自らの家人や係累を優先して平氏知行国や平氏所領の支配に当たらせていたことへの反発があった。
English: Especially in Kazusa and Sagami, where the governor had just been changed after a coup d'etat, many bushi gathered under Yoritomo very quickly and created one big force, which Kiyomori sent under his grandson, TAIRA no Koremori to lead the attack, but they lost at the Battle of Fuji-gawa River.
Japanese: 特にクーデターで国司が交代した上総・相模では、頼朝の下に武士たちが瞬く間に集結して一大勢力を形成しており、清盛は孫の平維盛に追討軍を率いさせたが、富士川の戦いであえなく敗走してしまった。
English: Since the Imperial visit to Fukuhara, the dissatisfaction of the aristocrats continued to grow and the Retired Emperor Takakura's health deteriorated, so using the request from the Enryaku-ji Temple, who were pro-Kiyomori (they were enemies with the Onjyo-ji Temple and the Kofuku-ji Temple but were not happy about the moving of the capital) as a reason, Kiyomori returned to Kyoto from Fukuhara in November, six months after the imperial visit to Fukuhara.
Japanese: 福原への行幸以降、貴族の不満も高まり、高倉上皇の健康が悪化していくなか、親清盛派の延暦寺（彼らは園城寺や興福寺と敵対関係にあったが、遷都には不満を抱いていた）などからの要望を契機として、福原行幸から半年後の11月、清盛は福原から京へ戻った。
English: The following December, Kiyomori took decisive action against anti-Taira forces raised by the Onjyo-ji Temple and the Kofuku-ji Temple, with TAIRA no Tomomori burning down the Onjyo-ji Temple and destroying the Omi-Genji, and TAIRA no Shigehira's troop burned down various temples in the southern capital and confiscated their shoens.
Japanese: 翌12月、園城寺・興福寺などが反平氏の挙兵を行ったため、清盛は断固とした態度で臨み、平知盛率いる軍は園城寺を焼き払い近江源氏を撃破、平重衡率いる軍も南都の諸寺を焼き払って荘園を没収した。
English: In January 1181, Retired Emperor Takakura died and the Goshirakawa cloistered government started again, and based on the wish of Takakura to establish a temporary military government in Kinai, Kiyomori named TAIRA no Munemasa as Sokan (a military position with power over the provinces of the Kinai) to directly control the Kinai area.
Japanese: 治承5年（1181年）1月、高倉上皇が死去し、後白河院政が再開されたが、畿内に臨時の軍政を布くべしという高倉の遺志に基づいて、清盛は子の平宗盛を畿内周辺を直接管領する惣官に任じた。
English: This Sokan position was established to directly control the military aspects of Kinai and its surroundings, clearly indicating the characteristics of the Taira clan administration as a bushi government and the academic field considers that it is possible to see this as a possibility for the bushi government established by the Taira clan administration to grow.
Japanese: この惣官職は、畿内近国を軍事的に直轄支配することを目的に設置されたもので、平氏政権の武家政権としての性格を如実に表しており、平氏政権が本格的な武家政権へ成長していく可能性をここに見出しうると、学界では考えられている。
English: Kiyomori raised taxes from the wealthy class in Kyoto to feed the troops and at the same time, moved the naval forces around Ise, and was energetic about attacking the anti-Taira clan forces, but died suddenly from a febrile disease in February of that year (a leap year), which was a large blow for the Taira clan administration.
Japanese: 清盛はこれにより京の富裕層から兵粮を徴収すると同時に、伊勢周辺の水軍に動員をかけて、反平氏勢力の追討に意欲を燃やしていたが、同年閏2月に熱病で急死し、平氏政権は大きな打撃を受けた。
English: After Kiyomori's death, Munemori became the clan head and took a reconciliatory stance with Goshirakawa, and there were less rebellions because of the counterattack by the Taira clan and the great famine of Youwa.
Japanese: 清盛の死後、跡を継いだ宗盛は後白河との融和路線を採り、各地の叛乱も平氏の反撃と養和の大飢饉で小康状態となった。
English: However, in May 1183, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's troops swept into Kyoto from Hokuriku, and the Taira clan, whose main forces were crushed by Yoshinaka's troops, finally decided to escape Kyoto and headed towards Dazaifu accompanied by Emperor Antoku, but were repelled by Koreyoshi OGATA, a bushi of Bungo and landed on Yashima Island.
Japanese: しかし、寿永2年（1183年）5月に源義仲の軍が北陸から一気に京へ進軍すると、義仲軍に主力を壊滅させられていた平氏は、ついに安徳天皇を伴って京を脱出し大宰府に下向するが、豊後の武士・緒方維栄に撃退され屋島にたどり着いた。
English: At this point, the Taira clan administration abandoned its foundation established in the aristocracy and fell into being a local government of the west.
Japanese: この時点で平氏政権は、貴族社会に形成してきた基盤を捨て、西国の地方政権へと転落した。
English: Goshirakawa did not act together with the Taira clan, but stayed in Kyoto and made his grandson Emperor Gotoba, leading to the unprecedented situation of two Emperors at the same time.
Japanese: 後白河は平氏と行動を共にせず、京に残って孫の後鳥羽天皇を即位させたが、これにより天皇が2人存在するという未曾有の事態となった。
English: The Taira clan reorganized the west forces and reestablished its troops, gradually pushing Yoshinaka away at the Setouchi seacoast, and by the time Yoshinaka was eliminated by the Yoritomo government troops (troops of MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) in January 1184, they had recovered Fukuhara.
Japanese: 平氏は、西国の勢力を再編成して軍の再建を進め、瀬戸内沿岸で義仲軍を徐々に押しやり、寿永3年（1184年）1月に義仲が頼朝政権軍（源範頼・源義経軍）に滅ぼされる頃には福原を回復するまでに至っていた。
English: The Taira clan aimed to return to Kyoto through the intermediation of Goshirakawa, but from Goshirakawa's point of view, having the Taira clan return to the administration had the possibility of termination of the cloistered government or even capture, and so there was no chance for peace.
Japanese: 平氏は、後白河の仲介による京への復帰を目指していたが、後白河にすれば平氏が政権に復帰することになれば再び院政停止・幽閉となる危険性があり、和平はありえなかった。
English: The Taira clan was betrayed, lost the Battle of Ichinotani, and then escaped westwards.
Japanese: 平氏は半ば騙し討ちを受けた形で一ノ谷の戦いに敗北し、西下していった。
English: Later, the Taira clan organized the various forces of the west and continued to battle, but at the final pitched battle at the Kanmon Channel in March 1185, (Battle of Dannoura), they lost to MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's forces and the Taira clan administration ended in both name and actuality.
Japanese: その後、平氏は西国の諸勢力を組織して戦争に当たっていたが、元暦2年（1185年）3月、関門海峡での最終決戦（壇ノ浦の戦い）で源義経軍に敗れて滅亡し、平氏政権は名実ともに消滅した。
English: Documents written at the same time period such as "The Tale of the Heike" and "Gukansho" (Miscellany of Ignorant Views) are often written after the decline of the Taira clan and from the viewpoint of the aristocracy and temple classes that were suppressed under the Taira clan administration.
Japanese: 『平家物語』や『愚管抄』など同時代の文献は、平氏滅亡後に平氏政権に抑圧されてきた貴族社会や寺社層の視点で描かれてきたものが多い。
English: Therefore, later historical books were influenced by this historical view and established 'a view towards the Taira clan administration.'
Japanese: そのため、以後の歴史書もこの歴史観に引きずられる形で「平氏政権観」を形成していった。
English: In the past, the academic field focused on the fact that the Taira clan administration was developed under the aristocracy and it was recognized as an aristocratic government rather than a bushi one.
Japanese: こうした背景を受けて以前の学界では、平氏政権が貴族社会の中で形成されたことに着目して、武家政権というよりも貴族政権として認識されていた。