nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The year and date of his death was September 24, 1877 on the Gregorian calendar, some researchers who study Saigo's life hold the opinion that the date of his death should be changed from the Tempo calendar to the Gregorian calendar, and thus to January 23, 1828.
Japanese: 没年月日（1877年9月24日）がグレゴリオ暦なので、一部の西郷研究者からは生年月日も天保暦からグレゴリオ暦に直して1828年1月23日にすべきだと言う声も上がっている。
English: His favorite foods were the local specialties, especially Kurobuta pork, and he preferred it in a dish like modern day stir-fried vegetables with pork, and and also Tonkotsu pork (Pork bone) dishes such as those published in "The Local Dishes of Kagoshima" by descendant of Aikana.
Japanese: 郷土の名物、黒豚の肉が大好物だったが、特に好んでいたのが今風でいう肉入り野菜炒めと豚骨料理と呼ばれる鹿児島の郷土料理であったことが、愛加那の子孫によって『鹿児島の郷土料理』という書籍に載せられている。
English: Even now Saigo is very popular among people in Kagoshima Prefecture, and according to a public survey conducted by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, elders deify him.
Japanese: 日本放送協会の世論調査で、今でも西郷は鹿児島県人に人気が絶大に高く、年長者になるほど神格化されているほど。
English: In the book of character of people in prefecture 'if you speak ill of Saigo or Kurobuta swine, you will suffer something like the British in Incident of Namamugi'
Japanese: 県民性の本では「鹿児島県人に、西郷とかごしま黒豚の悪口を言ったら、生麦事件のイギリス人みたいな目にあう」とまで書かれている。
English: Families that belonged to the clan used the clan name Fujiwara as their family name during the Heian period, but from the Kamakura period onward they each used their respective family names, such as Konoe, Takatsukasa, Kujo, Nijo and Ichijo, and therefore used the clan name Fujiwara only in official documents.
Japanese: 平安時代は、本姓の藤原を称するが、鎌倉時代以降は、姓の藤原ではなく、家名（苗字に該当）である近衛、鷹司、九条、二条、一条などを名のり、公式文書以外では藤原とは名のらない。
English: The Fujiwara clan was descended from NAKATOMI no Kamatari, who had been awarded an official status title (called Uji-Kabane) 'FUJIWARA no Asomi' from Emperor Tenji for his outstanding contributions to Taika-no-kaishin (the Taika Reform).
Japanese: 中臣鎌足が大化の改新の功により天智天皇より賜った氏カバネ「藤原朝臣」を姓とする氏族である。
English: Fujiwara is one of the four major family names (Minamoto, Taira, To (or Fujiwara) and Tachibana), and the Fujiwara family, also known as the To clan, was the earliest member of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 源氏・平氏・藤・橘氏のいわゆる四姓の一つであり、藤原氏はその筆頭名門氏族であり、藤氏（とうし）とも略称した。
English: Fujiwara, as an official title, was awarded to Kamatari upon the approach of death, and after his death, due partly to the fact that NAKATOMI no Kane, the Udaijin (minister of the right) and head of the Nakatomi clan, had been executed in the Jinshin no Ran War, the Kamatari Group temporarily faced a serious decline, although they had taken no part in the war.
Japanese: 藤原の姓は当初は死を目前とした鎌足に与えられ、鎌足の死後、中臣氏を率いた右大臣中臣金が壬申の乱で処刑された事もあって、乱とは無関係の鎌足流も一時衰亡の危機を迎えた。
English: Subsequently, the scope of those who were entitled to the title FUJIWARA no Asomi was defined when Yakusa no Kabane (the official ranking system) was established during the reign of Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: その後、天武天皇の時代に八色の姓が定められた折に藤原朝臣の範囲を定めた。
English: However, because FUJIWARA no Fuhito was still too young at the time, it is likely that Kamatari's cousin and son-in-law, NAKATOMI no Omimaro, assumed responsibility as the head of the clan in order to govern it as a temporary successor until Fuhito was ready to take on the leadership; additionally, other members of the Nakatomi family were permitted to use the title FUJIWARA no Asomi until Fuhito was old enough.
Japanese: その際藤原不比等がまだ若かった事もあって鎌足の従兄弟で娘婿でもあった中臣意美麻呂が不比等が成長するまでの中継ぎとして暫定的に氏上となったらしく、それ以外の成員にも不比等が成長するまで暫定的に藤原朝臣が与えられた。
English: Therefore, when Fuhito grew old enough to assume the leadership, the official name of clan members other than Fuhito, the rightful successor to Kamatari, was changed to the original Nakatomi in order to create a system that enabled Dajokan (the grand council of state) to be governed by the Fujiwara clan and Jingikan (the Department of Worship) by the Nakatomi clan.
Japanese: そのため、後に不比等が成長し頭角を現すと、藤原氏が太政官を中臣氏が神祇官を領掌する体制とするために、鎌足嫡男の不比等以外は元の中臣姓に戻された。
English: (Omimaro was appointed as Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) based on the recommendation of Fuhito after Omimaro's official name was changed back to Nakatomi, and since his seventh son, ONAKATOMI no Kiyomaro, rose to the post of Udaijin (minister of the right), his descendants were regarded as being the main branch of the Nakatomi clan and were called the Onakatomi (great Nakatomi) clan.)
Japanese: （なお、意美麻呂は中臣姓に復帰後に不比等の推薦で中納言となり、その七男の大中臣清麻呂は右大臣まで昇ったため、以後はこの子孫が中臣氏の嫡流とされて特に「大中臣氏」と称されるようになった）。
English: FUJIWARA no Fuhito, who was recognized as the rightful successor to Kamatari, formulated the Taiho Code in collaboration with SHIMOTSUKE no Nokomaro, thereby contributing to the establishment of the Ritsuryo system (ancient legal system), and also sent his daughter Kyushi to Emperor Monmu's kokyu (imperial harem).
Japanese: 鎌足の後継者として認められた藤原不比等は下毛野古麻呂らとともに大宝律令を編纂して律令制度の確立に貢献、娘の宮子を文武天皇の後宮に入れる。
English: When Obitono-oji (later Emperor Shomu) was born, Fuhito sent his other daughter, FUJIWARA no Komyoshi (later Empress Komyo), to the kokyu.
Japanese: 首皇子（後の聖武天皇）が生まれると、娘藤原光明子（後の光明皇后）を後宮に入れた。
English: It is written in "Kofuku-ji Engi (Origin of Kofuku-ji Temple)" that there are certain matters about Fuhito's birth that haven't been officially recorded; meanwhile, it is explicitly stated in Okagami, Kugyo Bunin (Official Records of the Ancient Government) and Sonpi Bunmyaku (Ancient Family Tree Charts) that Fuhito was Emperor Tenchi's child born out of wedlock.
Japanese: なお、『興福寺縁起』には不比等の出生につき「公避くる所の事有り」とあり、大鏡、公卿補任、尊卑分脈には明記され、天智天皇の御落胤であるとする。
English: When Obitono-oji succeeded to the throne after Fuhito's death, there arose a conflict between the four sons of Fuhito (four Fujiwara brothers) and their opponents led by Nagayao, which deepened as time progressed.
Japanese: 不比等の死後、首皇子が皇位に就くと、不比等の4人の男子（藤原四兄弟）と長屋王ら反対派の対立が深まっていった。
English: The Nagayao no Hen (the Conspiracy of Nagayao) in 729, which led to his suicide, is believed to have been a conspiracy organized by the four brothers in order to slander and expel Nagayao, who had been opposed to their attempt to make Komyoshi, their half-sister and the Emperor's wife, the first Empress chosen from outside the Imperial Family.
Japanese: 729年に長屋王の変が起こり長屋王は自害するが、これは四兄弟が自分達の異母妹で天皇の妃である光明子を史上初の皇族以外出自の皇后に立てるため、それに反対する長屋王を讒言により陥れた陰謀事件であったといわれている。
English: The four Fujiwara brothers later split into four families (Nan, Hoku, Shiki and Kyo) and became the founders of the four Fujiwara families.
Japanese: その後、藤原四兄弟は南・北・式・京の4家に分かれそれぞれ藤原四家の祖となった。
English: This provides evidence to show that the Fujiwara clan had control of the bureaucracy not only through its Kokyu policy but also through its involvement in the establishment of the Ritsuryo system (legal code) since Fuhito.
Japanese: これは藤原氏が単に後宮政策のみならず、不比等以来律令編纂に関わってきた実績をもって官僚組織を掌握していった事の証でもあった。
English: After the Fujiwara four brothers died one after another in 737 due to an epidemic of smallpox, TACHIBANA no Moroe, the priest Genbo and KIBI no Makibi attempted to curtail the power of the Fujiwara clan, but they were overpowered by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro.
Japanese: 737年に天然痘の大流行で藤原四兄弟が相次いで病死すると、橘諸兄、僧玄昉、吉備真備らが藤原氏の突出を抑えようと努めるが、藤原仲麻呂により抑えられる。
English: Of the four Fujiwara families, the Ceremonial House failed to prosper but the other three families participated in the political affairs of the Imperial Court, whereby each family tried to overpower the other two.
Japanese: 初めはこの内の京家は振るわずに他の3家が争いつつ朝廷の廟堂に参画する。
English: There were times when either the Southern or the Ceremonial Houses prospered, but they both fell into decline during the early Heian period as a result of political conflicts and internal rebellions, after which the Northern House came to enjoy the greatest prosperity.
Japanese: 一時期においては南家や式家が栄えた時期もあったが、政争や一族の反乱で平安時代前期には衰退し、代わって最も栄えたのは北家である。
English: There are arguments about the rightful successor to the Fujiwara clan: some people regard FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, Fuhito's eldest son, as the rightful successor (the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan theory), while others argue that FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, Fuhito's second son who rose to prominence earlier than his older brother, was the successor (the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan theory).
Japanese: なお、藤原氏の嫡流については、不比等の長男・藤原武智麻呂を祖とする藤原南家説と兄よりも出世が早かった次男・藤原房前を祖とする藤原北家説の両説があるが、
English: While it is true that Fusasaki was trusted during his life by Emperor Genmei and Emperor Shomu and was awarded the same Naishin post (government post) as his grandfather Kamatari, considering the general custom that prohibited the rightful male successor to a high-ranking official from holding an important government post, it is more likely that the Southern House was initially the rightful successor of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 房前が生前元明天皇や聖武天皇の信任厚く特に祖父・鎌足と同じ内臣の地位が与えられたのは事実であるが、当時の慣習として高官の嫡男が父親の存命中に高位に昇る事が憚られていた事を考えると、当初は南家が藤原氏の嫡流であったと考えるのが妥当とされている。
English: FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, the son of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu, married into the maternal line of Emperor Seiwa, becoming the first regent chosen from among imperial subjects.
Japanese: 藤原冬嗣の子藤原良房は清和天皇の外戚となり人臣で初めての摂政となった。
English: The strategy aimed at driving other clans out of power and strengthening one's own power through marriage with the Imperial Family was inherited by FUJIWARA no Mototsune, the adopted son of Yoshifusa and a maternal relative of Emperor Yozei, who acted as regent for the young Emperor and as chief adviser to the Emperor once he had reached adulthood.
Japanese: 皇室と姻戚関係を結ぶことにより他氏を排斥し権力を増強する路線は良房の養子藤原基経に引き継がれ陽成天皇の外戚として、幼帝の摂政、成人してからは関白を務めた。
English: From that time until the late Edo period, the posts of regent and chief adviser to the Emperor were gradually monopolized by this family line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (except for the Toyotomi clan).
Japanese: 以後、江戸末期まで摂政関白は（豊臣氏を除き）藤原北家のこの系統に限られていくようになる。
English: Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI was the only person other than members of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan who was appointed to serve as chief adviser to the Emperor (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was appointed under the name of FUJIWARA no Hideyoshi), and there is no example of a person other than members of the five major Fujiwara families (called Gosekke) who was appointed as regent to the Emperor.
Japanese: 藤原北家以外で関白となったのは豊臣秀次ただ一人（秀吉は藤原秀吉として任官）であり、五摂家以外からの摂政は例がない。
English: Having driven other clans completely out of power by the Anna no Hen Conspiracy in the tenth century, the Fujiwara clan reached its peak during the golden age of the rule by Sekkan, when FUJIWARA no Michinaga and his son FUJIWARA no Yorimichi held power.
Japanese: そして10世紀の安和の変で藤原氏の他氏排斥が完了すると、藤原道長・藤原頼通父子の時代に藤原氏摂関政治の最盛期を迎える。
English: However, political rule by retired emperors who did not have marriage relationships with the Fujiwara clan started during the late Heian period, and as the focus of political activities shifted toward the military rule by the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan the Fujiwara clan gradually fell from power.
Japanese: 平安時代後期になると藤原氏と姻戚関係を持たない上皇による院政がはじまり、さらに源平両氏の武家政権と移行するにつれ藤原氏の権勢は後退する。
English: The descendants of the Fujiwara clan split into five different families (Konoe, Takatsukasa, Kujo, Nijo and Ichijo) during the Kamakura period, and these five families continued to monopolize the posts of regent and chief adviser to the Emperor, exercising their influence within the narrow circle of court nobles; however, they remained isolated from mainstream politics until the Meiji period.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に入ると藤原氏の嫡流は近衛家・鷹司家・九条家・二条家・一条家の五摂家に分立し、五摂家が交代で摂政・関白を独占し続け公家社会においては一定の影響力を持ち続けるが、政治の中枢とは隔絶し明治に至る。
English: In addition to the five major families, there were numerous offshoots and branches of the Fujiwara clan, such as the Sanjo, Saionji, Kan in, Kazanin, Miko hidari, Shijo, Kajuji, Hino and Nakamikado families.
Japanese: 五摂家以外にも、三条家・西園寺家・閑院家・花山院家・御子左家・四条家・勧修寺家・日野家・中御門家など数多くの多くの支流・庶流がある。
English: Besides court noble families, various samurai families in turn descended from the descendants of the Fujiwara clan, including the Utsunomiya clan group, which descended from FUJIWARA no Michikane of the Northern House, the Nasu clan group, which descended from FUJIWARA no Nagaie of the Northern House, and FUJIWARA no Toshihito and FUJIWARA no Hidesato, who descended from FUJIWARA no Uona, the son of FUJIWARA no Fusasaki of the Northern House.
Japanese: 公家の他に、北家の藤原道兼の子孫の宇都宮氏流や、同じく北家の藤原長家の子孫の那須氏流、同じく北家の藤原房前の子の藤原魚名の子孫の藤原利仁、藤原秀郷からは、多くの武家も輩出した。
English: "Fujiwara" is no longer used as an official title of a rank but as a family name, and Fujiwara families in contemporary Japan are unlikely to be related to the historical Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 現代の藤原家は、かつての姓ではなく苗字であり、歴史に登場する藤原氏とはまず関係がない。
English: There were numerous low-ranking samurai families that used Fujiwara as the family name even before the Edo period.
Japanese: もっとも、苗字としての「藤原」氏は江戸時代以前にも下級武士などに散見される。
English: Among the members of FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's group, retainers would often adopt their lords' family names as a sign of respect.
Japanese: また、藤原純友一門などは、家来も主を慕って名を冠することもあったようだ。
English: Today, it is generally acknowledged that the names of ordinary families that were recorded in the family register compiled during the early Meiji period had been inherited from their ancestors, but since no written records are available it is impossible to accurately identify the origins of these names.
Japanese: 現在の研究では、庶民の苗字は明治初めにもともと先祖伝来のものを戸籍に載せたとされるが、記録が伝わらないのでその正確な由来を尋ねることは不可能である。
English: Toeikai
Japanese: 年1回、秋頃に全国の藤原氏の末裔が奈良市の春日大社に集まり、親睦を兼ねた会合などを執り行っている。
English: Yoshitane (or Yoshiki) ASHIKAGA was the tenth Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") (in office from 1490 to 1493) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 足利義稙（義材）（あしかがよしたね（よしき））は、室町幕府の第10代征夷大将軍（将軍職在位：延徳2年（1490年）-明応3年（1493年）。
English: Yoshitane's father was Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA (the eighth Shogun), who was also once an adopted heir of Yoshimasa, and his mother was Shigemasa HINO's daughter (Tomiko HINO's younger sister).
Japanese: 父は第8代将軍・足利義政の弟で一時は義政の養嗣子となっていた足利義視、母は日野重政の娘（日野富子の妹にあたる）。
English: He changed his name to Yoshitada in 1498 and then to Yoshitane in 1513.
Japanese: 明応7年（1498年）に義尹（よしただ）と改名、永正10年（1513年）には義稙（よしたね）と改名する。
English: Although he later regained his position as the Shogun of the Muromachi Government with the support of Yoshioki OUCHI, he came into conflict with the new Kanrei, Takakuni HOSOKAWA, fled Kyoto and died in Awa.
Japanese: 後に周防国の大内義興を後ろ盾にして室町幕府将軍職に復帰するが、今度は管領の細川高国（政元の養子）と対立して京都を出奔し、阿波で死去した。
English: In 1489, after Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, the ninth Shogun of the Muromachi Government, died during his war to conquer Takayori ROKKAKU, Yoshiki left the domain of Shigeyori TOKI, where he was hiding, in order to visit the Imperial Court in Kyoto with his father, who had signed a truce with his uncle, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, was adopted by Yoshimasa and appointed by the Emperor as the tenth Shogun of the Muromachi Government in 1490.
Japanese: 延徳元年（1489年）、室町幕府第9代将軍の足利義尚が近江国の六角高頼征伐の在陣中に死去した後、伯父の義政と和睦した父・義視と共に逼塞先の美濃国の土岐成頼のもとから上洛し、足利義政の養子となって延徳2年（1490年）に第10代将軍に就任した。
English: However, the real political power was in the hands of his father, and after his father died in 1491, Yoshiki tried to gain full control of the government with the support of Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, but came into conflict with the Kanrei, Masamoto HOSOKAWA, and Yoshimasa's widow, Tomiko HINO.
Japanese: しかし政治の実権は父に握られ、父が延徳3年（1491年）に死去した後は、畠山政長の支援を背景に権力の確立を企図するが、管領の細川政元と義政未亡人の日野富子らと対立した。
English: In 1493, while Yoshiki was fighting a battle to conquer Yoshitoyo HATAKEYAMA, Masamoto HOSOKAWA and Tomiko HINO conspired to have Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, the son of Masatomo ASHIKAGA (a younger brother of Yoshimasa and Yoshimi), appointed as the new Shogun, resulting in Yoshiki's removal (the Meio Coup).
Japanese: 明応2年（1493年）、畠山義豊を討伐するために河内国に出陣していたが、その間に京都では細川政元と日野富子によって義政・義視の弟に当たる足利政知の子・足利義澄が新将軍として擁立されたため、義材は将軍職を廃されることとなった（明応の政変）。
English: Although Yoshiki was placed under house arrest, he managed to flee to Hojozu in Etchu and visited Naganobu JINBO, a retainer of Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, for support; accordingly, he was ridiculed as a puppet Shogun in Ecchu (Ecchu Kubo or Ecchu Gosho).
Japanese: 義材は幽閉されたが、側近らの手引きで越中国の放生津に下向し、畠山政長の家臣・神保長誠を頼ったため、越中公方（越中御所）と呼ばれた。
English: In 1499, believing that peace negotiations with Masamoto were being successfully conducted, Yoshitada (Yoshiki's new name) moved his residence to Sadakage ASAKURA's domain of Echizen.
Japanese: 明応8年（1499年）に政元派との和睦交渉が進展したという認識から、義尹（義材より改名）は越前国の朝倉貞景のもとへ移った。
English: However, as negotiations with Masamoto resulted in failure, he changed his tactics and, in an attempt to return to Kyoto, launched a military attack in collaboration with Sadakage ASAKURA and Hisanobu (Naoyoshi) HATAKEYAMA but was defeated in the battle and fled to Yoshioki OUCHI's domain in Suo.
Japanese: ところが政元派との和睦は不調となり、朝倉貞景や政長の子である畠山尚順（尚慶）と同調して軍事攻撃による上洛へ方針転換したが敗北し、周防の大内義興を頼って落ち延びた。
English: When Masamoto HOSOKAWA was assassinated in 1507, Yoshitada plotted to return to the Shogunate and, supported by Yoshioki OUCHI, Takakuni HOSOKAWA and several daimyo from western Japan and Kyushu, he returned to Kyoto in April 1508, deposed Yoshizumi and was reappointed as the Shogun (the Eisho Disturbance).
Japanese: 永正4年（1507年）に細川政元が暗殺されると、義尹は将軍への復帰をもくろみ、永正5年（1508年）4月に大内義興や細川高国の支援を得て中国地方や九州の諸大名と共に上洛し、義澄を廃して再び将軍になった（永正の錯乱）。
English: He subsequently fought with Yoshizumi and his supporters for the position of Shogun but since Yoshizumi died from disease immediately before the Battle of Mt. Funaokayama in August 1511, resulting in Yoshitada's victory, Yoshitane (Yoshitada's new name) was able to secure his position as the Shogun.
Japanese: その後、義澄やその一派と将軍職をめぐって抗争するが、永正8年（1511年）8月の船岡山合戦直前に義澄が病死し、さらにこの戦いにも勝利したため、義尹改め義稙の将軍職が確定した。
English: Meanwhile, Yoshitane fled from Izumi to Awaji Province and reorganized his army to fight with Takakuni, but lost the battle and died in Muya, Awa Province (currently, Naruto City) on April 9, 1523.
Japanese: 義稙は和泉国から淡路国に逃れ、ここで再挙を図って高国と抗争するが敗れ、大永3年（1523年）4月9日（4月7日(旧暦)とも）に阿波国撫養（現在の鳴門市）で死去した。
English: There is a mound known as Shogun-zuka (Shogun Mound) on the former site of Okazaki Castle in Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture, which is believed to be Yoshiki's grave.
Japanese: 没地である徳島県鳴門市の岡崎城跡に将軍塚と呼ばれる場所があり、義材の墓所と伝える。
English: Yoshitane's portraits: There is a well-known wooden statue, made soon after his death, of Yoshitane wearing Sokutai (old ceremonial court dress) enshrined in Reikoden Chapel, Tojiin Temple.
Japanese: 肖像：没後まもなく作られた京都市北区(京都市)の等持院霊光殿安置の木造束帯像が著名。
English: Statues of fifteen Shoguns of the Muromachi Government are enshrined in Banna-ji Temple in Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture, including a wooden statue of Yoshiki wearing Sokutai.
Japanese: 栃木県足利市の鑁阿寺には、室町幕府１５代の将軍像があり、その１体として義材の木造束帯像がある。
English: The statue of Yoshiki at the Anan Municipal Awakubo Minzoku Shiryokan Museum in Anan City, Tokushima Prefecture, was modelled after the statue in Banna-ji Temple.
Japanese: 徳島県阿南市の阿南市立阿波公方・民俗資料館所蔵の義材像は鑁阿寺像の容貌を模している。
English: There are two bronze statues of Yoshiki on the Hojotsu-bashi Bridge in Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture: one wearing hunting clothes and the other wearing armor.
Japanese: 富山県射水市の放生津橋にある義材銅像は狩衣姿１体・甲冑姿１体である。
English: There is an anecdote about Yoshiki's period of wandering in the 'Story of Lord Keirinin' in the "Chirizuka Monogatari (Tales of Chirizuka)."
Japanese: 『塵塚物語』の「恵林院殿様御事」項に、義材が流浪時代を回顧したという逸話が見える。
English: In this story, Yoshiki, filled with anxiety at the sight of poverty-stricken people, tells the reader that through his own experiences, he has come to feel that those who are engaged in government must always have pity.
Japanese: この中で、不安に襲われた自身や困窮する人々を目の当たりにした義材が、「政治に携わるものは常に慈悲の心をもって臨まねばならない」という心境に至ったと述べている。
English: Due to his personal experience of having been deprived of power and wandering from place to place, he was known as the 'wandering Kubo' or the 'Kubo in exile.'
Japanese: 将軍職を追われて諸国を流浪した経緯から、「流れ公方」・「島の公方」と称された。
English: In the Intoku Taiheiki, it is written that when Yoshitane fled as a result of his conflict with Takakuni HOSOKAWA, a satirical poem (known as a "kyoka") posted on the ship that carried him read: 'Oh poor, miserable wandering Kubo on a wandering boat off the shore of Naruto as if it were his own palace!'
Japanese: 陰徳太平記には、細川高国と対立して出奔した義稙の乗った船に「たぞやこの鳴門の沖に御所めくは泊り定めぬ流れ公方か」という狂歌が張り出されたという。
English: Although Yoshitane did not have any sons, he fled to Awa accompanied by Yoshitsuna, a son of Yoshizumi, the former Shogun and Yoshitane's opponent, whom he adopted as his son and after Yoshitane's death, Yoshitsuna came into conflict with his older brother Yoshiharu, who had succeeded to the Shogunate, causing another power struggle between the Yoshitane faction (Yoshitane, Yoshitsuna, Yoshihide and Yoshisuke) and the Yoshizumi faction (Yoshizumi, Yoshiharu, Yoshiteru and Yoshiaki).
Japanese: 義稙には息子がなかったが、前将軍で対立者でもあった義澄の子・足利義維を養子として阿波に伴ったため、義稙の死後、義維は将軍職を継いだ兄の足利義晴と対立し、義稙流（義稙・義維・義栄・義助）と義澄流（義澄・義晴・義輝・義昭）に分かれ、新たな戦乱の火種となった。
English: July 5, 1490: Yoshiki was promoted to the Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed a Middle Captain of the Imperial Guards.
Japanese: 1490年（延徳2年）7月5日、従四位下に昇叙し、右近衛中将に転任。
English: September 27, 1519: He was appointed Head of the Genji choja (Head of the Genji) and also the betto (the superior of a temple) of Junnain and Shogakuin Temples.
Japanese: 1519年（永正16年）9月27日、源氏長者、淳和奨学両院別当を兼ねる。
English: SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro came to notice as an officer in the Imperial Guards in Kyoto and achieved military success as one of the Vice Shoguns in OTOMO no Otomaro's army in the war against the Ezo people in Mutsu Province in 793.
Japanese: 中央で近衛府の武官として立ち、793年に陸奥国の蝦夷に対する戦争で大伴弟麻呂を補佐する副将軍の一人として功績を上げた。
English: He succeeded Otomaro as the Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") and directed the government army, defeating the Ezo army in 801.
Japanese: 弟麻呂の後任の征夷大将軍になって総指揮をとり、801年に敵対する蝦夷を討って降した。
English: He was admired as a great warrior throughout the Heian period and became a legendary hero in later periods; before World War II, Michizane SUGAWARA and SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro were regarded as representing, respectively, the best literary and military traditions among the Japanese people.
Japanese: 平安時代を通じて優れた武人として尊崇され、後代に様々な伝説を生み、また戦前までは、文の菅原道真と、武の坂上田村麻呂は、文武のシンボル的存在とされた。
English: SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro's father was SAKANOUE no Karitamaro of the Sakanoue Clan, which was celebrated for its military skills, as exemplified by Tamuramaro's grandfather, SAKANOUE no Inukai, and his father Karitamaro himself.
Japanese: 父は坂上苅田麻呂で、坂上氏は田村麻呂の祖父の坂上犬養、と苅田麻呂ともに武をもって知られた。
English: His children included SAKANOUE no Ono, SAKANOUE no Hirono, SAKANOUE no Kiyono, SAKANOUE no Masano, Shigeno, Tsugino, Tsuguo, SAKANOUE no Hiro, Takao, Takaoka, Takamichi and Haruko.
Japanese: 子に坂上大野、坂上広野、坂上浄野、坂上正野、滋野、継野、継雄、坂上広雄、高雄、高岡、高道、春子がいた。
English: His children, Shigeno, Tsugino, Tsuguo, Takao and Takaoka appear only in the 'Genealogical Chart of the Sakanoue Clan'; they are reported to have lived in places away from Kyoto, calling themselves by family names (such as 'Goro ADACHI (Shigeno)') like samurai in later periods, which means their names may have been added to the chart afterwards.
Japanese: 滋野、継野、継雄、高雄、高岡は「坂上氏系図」にのみ見え、地方に住んで後世の武士のような字（滋野の「安達五郎」など）を名乗ったことになっており、後世付け加えられた可能性がある。
English: Tamuramaro was born as the second (according to the 'Genealogical Chart of the Sakanoue Clan') or third ('Biography of Tamuramaro') son of SAKANOUE no Karitamaro in 758.
Japanese: 田村麻呂は、天平宝字2年（758年）に坂上苅田麻呂の次男（「坂上氏系図」）または三男（「田邑麻呂伝記」）として生まれた。
English: From the time of Tamuramaro's youth, there had been a raging war with the Ezo people in Mutsu Province and in 789, the government army led by KI no Kosami was heavily defeated by the Ezo army led by Aterui.
Japanese: 田村麻呂が若年の頃から陸奥国では蝦夷との戦争が激化しており、延暦8年（789年）には紀古佐美の率いる官軍がアテルイの率いる蝦夷軍に大敗した。
English: Tamuramaro participated in the preparations for the next military expedition, and upon being appointed as a Seito fukushi (Vice Commander) to assist OTOMO no Otomaro in 791, he embarked on the military expedition.
Japanese: 田村麻呂はその次の征討軍の準備に加わり、延暦11年（791年）に大伴弟麻呂を補佐する征東副使に任じられ、延暦12年（793年）に軍を進発させた。