nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Other than that, even though formal arrangements were not made, MINAMOTO no Tsunefusa (son of MINAMOTO no Takaaki; Meishi's biological younger brother and Michinaga acted as his guardian) and FUJIWARA no Kanetaka (Michikane's son) also were adopted in a similar manner.
Japanese: この他に正式な縁組は無かったものの、源経房（源高明の子、明子の実弟で道長が後見を務めた）や藤原兼隆（道兼の子）もこれに准じていたと言われている。
English: Kinmochi SAIONJI (December 7, 1849 - November 24, 1940) was a noble in the Japanese Court and a politician.
Japanese: 西園寺公望（さいおんじきんもち、嘉永2年10月23日(旧暦)（1849年12月7日）-昭和15年（1940年）11月24日）は日本の公家､政治家。
English: He served as a political advisor to Emperor Taisho and Emperor Showa as 'the last Genro (oligarch)' after Masayoshi MATSUKATA died in 1924.
Japanese: 大正13年（1924年）に松方正義が死去した後は、「最後の元老」として大正天皇、昭和天皇を輔弼した。
English: He was also well-known as a man of culture and his hobbies distinguished him; he was a talented poet who left many lyrical Chinese-style poems under the pen name of Toan.
Japanese: また文化人、趣味人としても名高く、陶庵と号し書を能くし、叙情あふれる漢詩も多く残している。
English: Kinmochi SAIONJI was born as the second son of the Tokudaiji Family, which is one of the Seigake Families, but at the age of 4 he was adopted by the Saionji Family, which also belonged to the Seigake Family, and he took over as the head of the family.
Japanese: 西園寺公望は清華家の一つ徳大寺家の次男として誕生し、4歳の時に、同族で清華家の西園寺家へ養子に入り家督を相続した。
English: His biological father was Kinito TOKUDAIJI, Udaijin (Minister of the Right), and his older biological brother was Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, who served as the Grand Chamberlain three times and as Minister of the Imperial Household.
Japanese: 実父は右大臣徳大寺公純、実兄は3度にわたって侍従長となり、内大臣もつとめた徳大寺実則。
English: The younger brother of Kinmochi SAIONJI closest in age to him, Takamaro, married into the Sumitomo Family, and he took over Sumitomo Zaibatsu and succeeded Kichizaemon SUMITOMO the fifteenth (Tomoito SUMITOMO), and he reigned the financial world for a long time.
Japanese: すぐ下の弟の隆麿は住友家の入り婿となり、住友財閥を継いで第15代住友吉左衛門（住友友純）を襲名し、長く財界に君臨した。
English: Furthermore, his youngest brother, Takemaro SUEHIRO, took over as the head of the SUEHIRO Family on his mother's side, and he later served as an organizer and a board member at Kyoto Hosei School, an evening law school (now Ritsumeikan University).
Japanese: そして、末弟の末弘威麿は母方の末弘家を継ぎ、後に京都法政学校（現在の立命館大学）の幹事・理事などを務めている。
English: During his youth, he was often sent to play with Sachinomiya (later Emperor Meiji) because he lived near Gosho (the Imperial Palace) and because they were close in age.
Japanese: 幼少時には、住まいが御所に近く、年齢も近かったことから、祐宮（のちの明治天皇）の遊び相手として度々召された。
English: Unlike Tomomi IWAKURA and Sanetomi SANJO, Saionji had virtually no political achievements by the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 西園寺には、岩倉具視や三条実美のような幕末期における政治的功績はほとんど皆無であった。
English: However, when the Battle of Toba Fushimi broke out, even though there were opinions within the Imperial Court that viewed it as a personal battle between the Tokugawa Family and the Shimazu Family, he suggested active involvement in the battle and advocated it, thereby drawing attention from Court nobles who wanted to overthrow the Shogunate, such as Iwakura.
Japanese: ただ鳥羽・伏見の戦いがはじまると、朝廷ではこれを徳川家と島津家の私闘と見なす意見が出るなかにあって、積極的な関与・主戦論を主張し岩倉ら倒幕派公卿に注目された。
English: Following this, during the Boshin War, he fought in various locations serving as the Admiral in the sanin-do repression and as a Senior Staff to subdue Aizu-guchi.
Japanese: 以後の戊辰戦争では山陰道鎮撫総督、会津口征討大参謀として各地を転戦する。
English: After that, he served in positions such as the Governorship of Echigo Prefecture, but at that time, Saionji was a young man only in his teens, and it is difficult to find reasons other than his family connections for his being able to take on such a position at such a young age.
Japanese: その後は越後府知事などを歴任したが、その当時、西園寺は10代の青年であり、この若さで任官できたのは家格の後光以外に理由を見出すことは困難である。
English: He also described in the "Toan Essay," which he authored, an episode in which he angered a large number of court nobles who were still pro-Joi (expulsion of the "barbarians"), by being the first person among the court nobles to visit the Imperial Palace wearing western-style clothing.
Japanese: また公卿の中で初めて洋服で宮中に参内し、未だ多く残る攘夷公卿の怒りを買ったエピソードも自著（『陶庵随筆』）で披瀝している。
English: After he resigned from his government position, he began to consider studying in France, and he started to study French in Tokyo and Nagasaki.
Japanese: 官を辞した西園寺はフランス留学を考えるようになり、東京や長崎でフランス語の勉強を始めた。
English: In Tokyo, he stayed in the same boarding house as Issei MAEBARA for a long time, and as he gradually became familiar with the samurai society he grew to dislike his name as a court noble and to call himself 'Boichiro.'
Japanese: 東京では前原一誠と同じ宿で長く一緒に過ごし、次第に武士の社会に馴染むと公家風の名を嫌って「望一郎」と名乗ったこともあった。
English: There is a picture of Saionji in his younger days wearing two swords and standing gallantly in the fashion of a samurai.
Japanese: 若き日の西園寺が大小を差した侍姿で颯爽と立つ勇ましい写真も残されている。
English: Soon, at the recommendation of Masujiro OMURA, in 1871, he went to study abroad in France on government funding (he later requested for a reduction of these funds).
Japanese: やがて大村益次郎の推薦によって明治4年（1871年）、官費でフランスに留学した（のちに減額を申し出ている）。
English: Just before he visited the inn where Omura was staying to thank him, his best friend (Michifusa MADENOKOJI) came rushing in and they talked for a long time, during which time Masujiro OMURA was attacked (1869).
Japanese: 礼を言うために大村のいる旅館を訪れる直前、親友（万里小路通房）が駆け込んできて長談義となり、その間に大村益次郎が襲撃されるという事件が起こっている（明治2年）。
English: Episodes that took place aboard the ship to France were noted in his letters, such as his becoming convinced that the Earth was spherical, or the time when he was bewildered because he was asked for a kiss by a young Caucasian boy upon parting from each other.
Japanese: フランス行きの船内では、地球が球体であることを得心したり、白人少年に別れのキスを求められてとまどうといったエピソードがあったことが本人の手紙にしたためられている。
English: Saionji, who arrived in Paris amidst the chaos of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the fall of the Second Empire, and the rise of The Revolution Government (the Paris Commune) in its stead, and the suppression of it by the German forces, absorbed French and European knowledge, ideology and culture over almost the next 10 years.
Japanese: 普仏戦争敗北と第二帝政の崩壊、かわって樹立された革命政府パリ・コミューンとドイツ軍によるその鎮圧という、混乱の真ただ中にパリに到着した西園寺は、以後10年近くにわたってフランスやヨーロッパの知識や思想、文化を吸収していった。
English: During this time, he became friends with Georges Clemenceau, who later became the Prime Minister of France, and fellow scholars who came abroad to study, such as Chomin NAKAE and Masahisa MATSUDA, with which network he continued even after he came back to Japan.
Japanese: その間、後にフランス首相となるジョルジュ・クレマンソーや、留学生仲間の中江兆民、松田正久らと親交を結び、こうした人脈は帰国後も続いた。
English: While Saionji studied diligently at the Sorbonne, he also engaged greatly in self-indulgence, and also it seems that he was quite popular among French women.
Japanese: 西園寺はソルボンヌ大学で勉学にいそしむ一方で随分と遊蕩もしたようで、フランス人女性にもたいそう人気であったようである。
English: It is said that the friendship between Saionji, who attended the post World War I Paris Peace Conference (1919) as the envoy plenipotentiary of Japan, and his best friend Clemenceau, who stayed at the same boarding house as Saionji when he studied in Paris, was very instrumental in securing Japan's position at the Peace Conference.
Japanese: なお、第一次世界大戦後のパリ講和会議（1919年）に日本の全権特使として出席した西園寺とパリ留学時代を同じ下宿ですごした親友クレマンソーとの友情は、講和会議での日本の立場を保持するのに大いに役立ったと伝えられる。
English: Saionji, who learned liberalism while he studied in Paris, became committed to Democratic Rights Movement, and on March 18, 1881, he became the president of "Toyo Jiyu Shinbun" journal company, which was founded with the goal of establishing the Liberal Party, and he became involved in its publications along with Chomin NAKAE and Masahisa MATSUDA.
Japanese: パリ留学で自由思想を学んだ西園寺は自由民権運動に傾倒し、明治14年（1881年）3月18日には、自由党結党に向けて創刊された『東洋自由新聞』の社長となり、中江兆民、松田正久らと共に発行に携わる。
English: Saionji's involvement in the Democratic Rights Movement became controversial in the government as well as in the Imperial Court, and he was forced to resign from the company because of a private ordinance of Emperor Meiji's that was set up by Minister of the Imperial Household, Tomomi IWAKURA, and Toyo Jiyu Shinbun was forced to shut down after publishing the 34th issue on April 30.
Japanese: 西園寺が自由民権運動に加担することは政府や宮中で物議を呼び、内大臣岩倉具視が働きかけた明治天皇の内勅により退社を余儀なくされ、東洋自由新聞は4月30日発行の第34号にて廃刊に追い込まれた。
English: During this time, Saionji never yielded to any pressure put on him, but when he received a private ordinance from Emperor Meiji he complied disappointingly easily
Japanese: この時の西園寺はあらゆる圧力に屈することはなかったが、明治天皇の内勅がでるとあっけないほど簡単に身をひいてしまった。
English: Interestingly, the way he conducted himself throughout this affair plainly indicates his lifelong world view and political view.
Japanese: この事件での彼の行動は彼の生涯にわたる世界観、政治観を端的にあらわしているともいえる。
English: In a way, Saionji had two conflicting tendencies within him: the liberal thinking he acquired in France and his feeling of having to guard the honor of the Imperial family as the duty of his elite court noble family.
Japanese: 西園寺はフランスで身に着けたリベラルな思想と名門公家の責務として皇室の藩屏たらねばならない意識というある意味で相反するものを共に有していた。
English: Because he was able to reconcile and integrate these two conflicting views, he developed into a politician with unique worldview and political ideology.
Japanese: そしてこの相反する二つを整理し融合したことから独特な世界観、政治観を持つ政治家へと成長した。
English: This made him look indecisive at times, but the words of admonishment he gave to the Emperor, which are mentioned later, were extremely appropriate, and Saionji's true worth as a politician can be felt through such actions.
Japanese: このことは時に彼を優柔不断に見せたが、後述する天皇への諫言は極めて適切であったといえ、こうしたところに西園寺の政治家としての真骨頂を感じられる。
English: He was but little attached to power and money throughout his life, and this mellow personality of his can be considered to come from his birth as a nobleman in an elite court with good upbringing.
Japanese: 生涯権力や金銭に対する執着は乏しく、この淡白な性質は上級公卿に生まれた育ちの良さからくるものであったと考えられる。
English: Although he had 3 mistresses to whom he was not legally married, and had daughters, he never took an official wife.
Japanese: また、3人の内縁の妻を持ち、女子を儲けている一方、生涯正室は娶らなかった。
English: Saionji himself never stated his reasons for doing so clearly, but it is said that because he was the head of the elite Saionji family, if he were to marry, his wife would have to have been a princess from the Imperial family, a court noble, or from a major daimyo family, and Saionji, being a liberalist, disliked such constraints.
Japanese: はっきりした理由は西園寺自身述べていないが、名門西園寺家の当主であった彼は、娶るならば皇族、公家、大名家などの姫でなければならず、自由人であった西園寺がこうしたしがらみを嫌ったためとも言われている。
English: When Munemitsu MUTSU (who had served as Minister of Foreign Affairs until the year before) died in 1897, Saionji said, 'even Mutsu finally went to the land of the dead,' lamenting the defeat of the Han clique headed by Yamagata and the failure to establish parliamentary democracy.
Japanese: 明治30年（1897年）、前年まで外務大臣を務めた陸奥宗光が、山縣を中心とする藩閥の打倒と議会制民主主義の未達成を嘆きつつ死んだ時、西園寺は「陸奥もとうとう冥土に往ってしまった。
English: Continuing, he said 'Those in the Han clique were all people who looked like they would not die even if they were beaten' and he became so disappointed that it hurt those around him to see him lament.
Japanese: 藩閥のやつらは、たたいても死にそうもないやつばかりだが」と言って、周囲の見る目も痛わしいほどに落胆したという。
English: Saionji's political career began when he accompanied Hirofumi ITO to visit Europe in order to study the constitution in 1882.
Japanese: 西園寺の政治家としてのキャリアは明治15年（1882年）、伊藤博文が憲法調査のためにヨーロッパを歴訪した際、それに随行したことにはじまる。
English: He became a cabinet member for the first time in 1894, as the Minister of Education in the Second Ito Cabinet.
Japanese: 初入閣は明治27年（1894年）、第二次伊藤内閣の文部大臣としてであった。
English: Saionji, whose talent was recognized by Ito in Europe, participated in the launching of the Rikken Seiyu-kai Party in 1900.
Japanese: ヨーロッパで伊藤の知遇を得た西園寺は、明治33年（1900年）の立憲政友会旗揚げに参画する。
English: In 1903, he succeeded Ito as the Prime Minister, and he was named Prime Minister twice, in 1906 and in 1911.
Japanese: 明治36年（1903年）には伊藤の後を受けて総裁となり、明治39年（1906年）と明治44年（1911年）の2回にわたって内閣総理大臣に任命される。
English: Saionji ideologically proclaimed liberalism, and he established the constitutional practice of the majority party in the House of Representatives forming the Parliament.
Japanese: 西園寺は思想的に自由主義を自称し、衆議院での多数派政党が内閣を組織する憲政の常道を慣例にした。
English: He was pro-Europe and pro-America due to the influence that studying in France had on him, and he was called a 'globalist' and criticized by the military for being against nationalism.
Japanese: またフランス留学の影響からか親欧米的で、軍部などから国家主義に反する者として「世界主義者」と非難されることもあった。
English: Saionji is often viewed as having lacked political power, however this is incorrect because, after Aritomo YAMAGATA died, there was no one surpassing him in terms of political power in Japan.
Japanese: 西園寺は政治力がなかったという見方をされることが多いがこれは誤りで、山縣有朋の死去後政治力で彼を上回るものは当時の日本には存在しなくなった。
English: He continued to lead politics in Japan, using his family background in the Imperial Court as well as in the financial world, and mediating between the Imperial Court, national duties, and the military as a Genro.
Japanese: 宮中・財界との姻戚関係を背景に、彼は元老として宮中と国務、軍部の調整役を務め、日本の政治をリードし続けた。
English: Furthermore, while he was Minister of Education he sporadically showed behavior that clearly distinguished him from nationalistic politicians of the early Showa period, such as making an attempt to revise the Ordinance on Education, but even though he resisted the expansion of military influence, his power alone could not successfully prevent the war.
Japanese: また、文部大臣在任中に教育ニ関スル勅語の改訂を試みるなど昭和初期の国家主義的政治家とは一線を画す言動を散発的に見せるが、軍部の勢力拡大に抵抗したものの、彼だけの力では戦争回避を成し遂げることはできなかった。
English: On the decorative frame he donated to Ritsumeikan University, he wrote his name as 'Fujiwara no Kinmochi' using the surname Fujiwara, which makes it clear that he was well-aware of being a descendant of the Fujiwara clan that existed with the Imperial family for well over one thousand years.
Japanese: 西園寺は立命館大学に寄贈した扁額に「藤原公望」と西園寺家の本姓の藤原姓で名前を記したように、自らが千年以上皇室とともにあった藤原氏の末裔であるという自覚を持っていた。
English: Also, since he was close to the Imperial family since he was very young, he had a strong sense of 'guarding the walls of the Imperial family,' and that eventually became his political direction.
Japanese: また、幼い頃から皇室に親しんでいたこともあって、「皇室の藩屏」という意識が強く、それが政治姿勢となっていた。
English: In other words, he continued to resist Imperial monarchy because errors are unacceptable when it comes to the possession of absolute political power.
Japanese: すなわち絶対的な権力を持つが故に誤謬が許されない天皇の親政に反対し続けた。
English: This can be clearly seen from the fact that Saionji, using the excuse that it would cast a harmful effect on the Emperor, opposed the Emperor's reprimand of Tanaka when all the cabinet members resigned after Showa Emperor reprimanded Giichi TANAKA for the discord of Joso upon the Incident of Blowing Up Zhang Zuolin to Death (a certain serious incident in Manchuria).
Japanese: これは田中義一が張作霖爆殺事件（満州某重大事件）の上奏の不一致を昭和天皇に叱責され内閣が総辞職した際、西園寺が天皇に累を及ぼすということを口実にして、天皇による田中への叱責に反対していたことから見ても明らかである。
English: Also, Emperor Showa's pledge that 'as a constitutional monarch, I will not oppose the decisions made by my subjects' is said to have been influenced by Saionji.
Japanese: また、「立憲君主として、臣下の決定に反対しない」という昭和天皇の信条は西園寺の影響とする向きもある。
English: In 1906, he succeeded Taro KATSURA and formed the First Saionji Cabinet.
Japanese: 明治39年（1906年）には桂太郎の後を受けて第1次西園寺内閣を組織。
English: After that, Katsura again became the Prime Minister, and by the 'agreement of feelings and intentions' reached during the Katsura-Saionji meeting, the Second Saionji Cabinet was formed in 1911.
Japanese: そののち再び桂が総理となり、桂・西園寺会談での「情意投合」によって明治44年（1911年）には第2次西園寺内閣を組織した。
English: The executive staff of Seiyu-kai Party emphasized their rivalry, and on the surface Saionji maintained such a position, but he also said to Katsura, 'let you and I stand up and lead the nation,' and there was a good political relationship between the two who both belonged to the post-Genro generation.
Japanese: 政友会の幹部は桂との対抗関係を強調し、西園寺も表向きはその姿勢を見せていたが、桂に「君と僕とにて国家を背負ふて立とうではないか」と言うほどポスト元老世代である2人の政治的な関係は良好であった。
English: They also seemed to have shared the trait of being 'prodigals,' drinking together with their concubines.
Japanese: また、愛妾を同伴し酒を酌み交わすなど「蕩児」としての共通部分もあったようである。
English: The Second Saionji Cabinet began the administrative and financial reform because the ruling party (the Rikken Seiyu-kai Party) that formed the foundation of the cabinet won an absolute majority in the House of Representatives.
Japanese: 第2次西園寺内閣は基盤とする与党立憲政友会が衆議院で絶対多数を占めたこともあり、行財政改革に着手した。
English: His draft of the budget for 1913 aimed to reduce spending by 10%, but the Imperial Japan Army demanded the addition of two military divisions, and the Imperial Japan Navy also added construction of three battleships in the budget proposal.
Japanese: 大正2年（1913年）の予算策定に向けて歳出1割減を目標としたが、大日本帝国陸軍は2個師団の増設を要求し、大日本帝国海軍もまた戦艦3隻建造を予算案に盛り込んだ。
English: The Army exerted itself in order to succeed in adding two military divisions even if that meant overpowering the Saionji Cabinet, but when the cabinet indicated an absolute refusal, Yusaku UEHARA, the Minister of the Army at the Ministry of the Army submitted a letter of resignation directly to the Emperor.
Japanese: 陸軍は西園寺内閣を倒してでも2個師団増設を達成すべく奔走し、内閣があくまでも拒否との方針を示すと、上原勇作陸軍省陸軍大臣は天皇に直接辞表を提出した。
English: Even though the Minister of Army was allowed, in principle, to state his intentions directly to the Emperor, a power known as iaku-joso (to make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility for the results), in reality this was the very first time a cabinet member bypassed the Prime Minister and submitted a letter of resignation directly to the Emperor.
Japanese: 陸軍大臣には直接天皇に上奏する帷幄上奏が制度上認められてはいたが、閣僚が首相を通さずに直接天皇に辞表を提出したのは前代未聞のことであった。
English: Also, unless the Army appointed a succeeding officer, according to the rules of Military ministers who were officers on active-duty, the Saionji Cabinet was unable to obtain a military officer, and Saionji was given no other choice but to resign.
Japanese: また、陸軍が後任の陸相を送らない限り、西園寺内閣は軍部大臣現役武官制の規定によって陸相が得られないこととなって辞職するよりほかなかった。
English: Saionji was later summoned by Emperor Taisho, and he was told by the Emperor directly about the Minister of Army's submission of his letter of resignation.
Japanese: 西園寺は、この後大正天皇に呼び出され、天皇の口から直接陸相の辞表提出の件を知らされた。
English: Saionji consulted with Aritomo YAMAGATA, who was an influential figure in the Army, about the succeeding Army officer, but once he figured out that Yamagata had no intention of recommending a succeeding Army officer Saionji took the preemptive measure of having all the cabinet members resign.
Japanese: 西園寺は、後任の陸相について陸軍の実力者山縣有朋にも相談したが、山県が後任の陸相を出す気がないことを察すると、機先を制して内閣総辞職した。
English: Once the story from inside the cabinet of the resignation of all the cabinet members was leaked out and spread through Seiyu-kai Party, the sentiment to 'destroy the clique families, protect politics by the constitution' suddenly gained momentum among the citizenry, and the constitution protection movement started.
Japanese: 政友会を通じて内閣総辞職の内幕が知れ渡ると国民の間ににわかに「閥族打破、憲政擁護」の気運が高まり護憲運動となった。
English: The Seiyu-kai Party formed an alliance with Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Rikken (Constitutional) National Party, led the movement to protect the constitution, and confronted the Third Katsura Cabinet that succeeded the Saionji cabinet.
Japanese: 政友会は立憲国民党の犬養毅らと提携し、護憲運動の陣頭に立ち、西園寺内閣の後任の第3次桂内閣と対立した。
English: However, Saionji was not directly involved in the Sei-Koku alliance (Seiyu-kai Party-National Party alliance) or the campaign speeches aimed at the citizens, and senior members of Seiyu-kai Party, such as Takashi HARA and Masahisa MATSUDA, Yukio OZAKI, a member of Seiyu-kai Party, and Tsuyoshi INUKAI of National Party played central roles in these events.
Japanese: ただし、政国提携や国民に向けた演説会などには西園寺は直接タッチしておらず、これらは政友会の幹部である原敬や松田正久、政友会会員尾崎行雄、国民党の犬養毅らが中心となっていた。
English: Seiyu-kai Party had the absolute majority in the House of Representatives to begin with, so when the Parliament convened, the Seiyu-kai Party and National Party submitted a motion of no confidence in the Cabinet, and this applied pressure to the Katsura Cabinet.
Japanese: 議会はもともと政友会が絶対多数であったので、議会が開始されると政友会・国民党は内閣不信任案を提出し桂内閣は窮地に立たされた。
English: Following the story of how the end of the political battle was realized because of the order that was given to stop the political battle between the Liberal Party (Britain) and the Conservative Party (Britain) using the coronation of George, the 5th (King of Britain) as a reason, the government advised, in the form of an ordinance of the Emperor, Kinmochi SAIONJI to stop the political battle since Emperor Taisho had just been enthroned as the Emperor.
Japanese: そこで政府側では、イギリスのジョージ5世(イギリス王)即位の際、即位直後であることを理由に自由党(イギリス)と保守党(イギリス)との政争をやめるよう命令して、それを実現させた話にならい、ちょうど大正天皇が即位して間もない頃だったので、勅語を出すという形で西園寺公望に対し政争を中止するように諭した。
English: A dominant opinion temporarily formed within the Seiyu-kai Party that there was no other option than to comply with the Emperor's wish, and they withdrew the motion of no confidence so that for a short time the Katsura Cabinet was indebted to them.
Japanese: 政友会では天皇の意思であるならそれに従うよりほかはないと、不信任案を撤回して、ひとまずは桂内閣に貸しを作ろうという意見が一時有力になった。
English: On the other hand, Saionji, as mentioned earlier, was torn between his desire to 'guard the walls of the Imperial family' and his responsibility as the head of the Seiyu-kai Party.
Japanese: それに対して西園寺は前述のように「天皇の藩屏」としての誇りと政友会総裁としての責任の間で板挟みとなってしまう。
English: On the advice of Tsuyoshi INUKAI, Saionji resigned from the head of Seiyu-kai Party, so that the withdraw of the cabinet was requested by the Seiyu-kai Party alone.
Japanese: そして、犬養毅の助言で西園寺は政友会総裁を辞任し、政友会自体はあくまでも内閣退陣を要求するということになった。
English: In the end, because of the strengthening of the movement to protect the constitution, the Katsura Cabinet announced its resignation on February 11, 1913 (Taisho Political Change).
Japanese: 結局、護憲運動の高まりで桂内閣は大正2年2月11日に辞意を表明した（大正政変）。
English: During the meeting, at first, Saionji was recommended as the succeeding Prime Minister, but Saionji firmly declined because accepting this recommendation would betray the Ordinance.
Japanese: 会議では、最初に西園寺が後継首相に推薦されたが、これを受ければ勅語に反することになるとして西園寺は固辞した。
English: Once the aftermath related to this incident was dealt with, Saionji announced his resignation as the head of the Seiyu-kai Party for the first time, citing the charge of 'Violation of the Ordinance.'
Japanese: 一連の処理が終わると、西園寺は改めて先の大正天皇からの勅語に違反した「違勅」の罪を理由に政友会総裁の辞任を表明した。
English: Even though the charge of 'Violation of the Ordinance' does not exist in the modern law, this was one of the most serious crimes in the society of court nobles, which placed the highest value on 'guarding the walls of the Imperial Family.'
Japanese: 「違勅」は近代法においては存在しないが、「天皇の藩屏」である事を第一としていた伝統的な公家社会においては最も重い罪の1つであった。
English: He also used the charge of 'Violation of the Ordinance' as a pretext to resign from his position as the head because, during the era of the Second Cabinet, he had had a conflict with Hara, who took over the inside of the Seiyu-kai Party and who was eagerly seeking profit through railroad constructions in the countryside.
Japanese: また、第2次内閣時代には政友会内部を掌握し、鉄道建設など地方利益の追求に熱心であった原との間に確執が生じており、総裁辞任のため「違勅」を利用したのである。
English: The executive members of the Seiyu-kai Party were befuddled by this logic of citing a 'Violation of the Ordinance' and they tried to dissuade Saionji, but Saionji's determination never wavered.
Japanese: 政友会の幹部達はこの「違勅」の論理に困惑して西園寺を慰留したが、西園寺の決意は揺らぐことは無かった。
English: Saionji was not listed as a Genkun (oligarch with merit) of Meiji, but as a Genro one generation later when Emperor Taisho was enthroned.
Japanese: 西園寺は明治の元勲に一世代遅れて、大正天皇即位のときに元老に列せられている。
English: This being the last time, a new Genro has never been appointed since, and when Masayoshi MATSUKATA passed away in 1924, Saionji became the only Genro.
Japanese: これを最後にあらたな元老が指名されることはついになく、大正13年（1924年）に松方正義が死去すると西園寺が唯一人の元老となった。
English: After this, advising of the appointment of the prime minister was conducted by negotiations between SAIONJI and the Minister of Imperial Household.
Japanese: これ以後、内閣総理大臣奏薦は西園寺が内大臣府との協議により行うこととなった。