nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: "Yoshioka-den" describes another version; 'Kiyojiro Shigekata YOSHIOKA' had a fight, therefore, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA forbade the Yoshioka to teach Yoshioka Heiho, however, the Yoshioka family escaped the punishment of destruction.
Japanese: 『吉岡伝』にも同様の記録があり、吉岡清次郎重堅が事件を起こしたが、徳川家康の命により兵術指南は禁止されたが吉岡一族の断絶は免れたとある。
English: And in the Siege of Osaka of the next year, 'Genzaemon Naotsuna YOSHIOKA' and his brother 'Mataichi Naoshige YOSHIOKA' held the Osaka-jo Castle for the Toyotomi forces; following the falling of the castle, brothers went back to Nishinotoin of Kyoto and began a dyeing business; if that were true, again, the Yoshioka didn't end at the fights with Musashi nor at the incident of the Sarugaku Performance.
Japanese: 更に翌年の大坂の陣で吉岡源左衛門直綱・吉岡又市直重の兄弟が豊臣側につき大坂城に篭城、落城とともに京都の西洞院へ戻り染物を家業とする事になったとあり、この説でも武蔵戦・猿楽興行事件以降も吉岡家は存続している。
English: Musashi's most famous fight is the duel at Ganryu-jima Island ('Ganryu-jima no Ketto').
Japanese: 武蔵が行った試合の中で最も広く知られているものは、俗に「巌流島の決闘」といわれるものである。
English: In those days, Ganryu-jima Island (located at the Kanmon Strait) was called Funa-shima Island (literally, 'boat island') and belonged to the Kokura Domain of Buzen Province (at present, it belongs to Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture); at the island, Musashi fought with a heihoka (tactician), Ganryu, in the Keicho era (1596-1615).
Japanese: これは慶長年間に当時豊前小倉藩領であった舟島（関門海峡に浮かぶ巌流島、現在は山口県下関市に属している）で、岩流なる兵法者と戦ったとされるものである。
English: Note: Because of the influence of some plays, 'Ganryu' is sometimes called 'Sasaki Kojiro,' however, the information on the plays is invalid.
Japanese: 注：岩流には俗に佐々木小次郎の呼称があるが後年の芝居で名づけられ定着したもので根拠がない。
English: Ganryu' (岩流) is also written as '巌流', '岸流', '岸柳' and '岩龍' (pronunciation are the same) and the changing of kanji characters means nothing (kanji characters were often used in the substitute for other kanji characters which had the same pronunciation).
Japanese: また巌流は岩流の異字表現に過ぎない、史料によっては他に岸流・岸柳・岩龍という呼称がある。
English: The oldest record on the fight is "Shinmen Musashi Harunobu Niten Koji-Hi" ("Kokura Hibun") written by Musashi's adopted son Iori in 1654; the following is the fight scene written in "Kokura Hibun"
Japanese: この試合を記した最も古い史料は、武蔵の養子伊織による承応3年（1654年）の『新免武蔵玄信二天居士碑』（『小倉碑文』）である。
English: Musashi replied: "You take advantage of sword to show me the ultimate, while I would wield my wooden sword to show you this mysterious power."
Japanese: 武蔵対へて云く、汝は白刃を揮ひて其の妙を尽くせ、吾は木戟を提げて此の秘を顕はさんと。
English: The next oldest record on the fight is "Numatake-ki" (The Record of the Numata family) which was written in 1672 by a descendant of Nobumoto NUMATA who had been Jodai (keeper of castle) of Moji-jo Castle when the fight had been carried out; the book was recently re-discovered and is attracting historians' attention; the following is the fight scene written in "Numatake-ki."
Japanese: 『小倉碑文』の次に古い記録は試合当時に門司城代であった沼田延元の子孫が寛文12年（1672年）に編集し、近年再発見された『沼田家記』がある。
English: When Sir. Nobumoto had been in Moji City, Musashi Harunobu MIYAMOTO came to Buzen Province and instructed people in the art of Nito Heiho (his Niten Ichi-ryu Art of Warfare), in those days, Kojiro also instructed people in the art of Ganryu Heiho.
Japanese: 延元様門司に被成御座候時或年宮本武蔵玄信豊前へ罷越二刀兵法の師を仕候其比小次郎と申者岩流の兵法を仕是も師を仕候
English: The disciples of the two schools requested a decision on which school was stronger, so Musashi and Kojiro discussed it and promised to fight by the rules of heiho, and they faced each other at an island between Buzen Province and Nagato Province.
Japanese: 双方の弟子ども兵法の勝劣を申立武蔵小次郎兵法之仕相仕候に相究豊前と長門之間ひく島に出合
English: The news of the incident spread quickly to Kokura City and Kojiro's disciples went to the island in full strength to kill Musashi
Japanese: 此段小倉へ相聞へ小次郎弟子ども致一味是非とも武蔵を打果と大勢彼島へ参申候
English: Musashi ran away to Moji City and desperately asked Sir. Nobumoto to protect him; he was fortunately permitted to stay in Moji-jo Castle without worry, and later sent to Bungo Province.
Japanese: 依之武蔵難遁門司に遁来延元様を偏に奉願候に付御請合被成則城中へ被召置候に付武蔵無恙運を開申候其後武蔵を豊後へ被送遣候
English: Upon his departure to Bungo, a horse-rider Sannojo ISHII and swordsmen armed with guns were ordered to protect Musashi on the way, however, nothing serious happened, and Musashi was sent to his father Muni in Bungo.
Japanese: 石井三之丞と申馬乗に鉄砲之共ども御附被成道を致警護無別条豊後へ送届武蔵親無二と申者に相渡申候由に御座候
English: In order to solve quarrels between the disciples, Musashi and Kojiro promised to fight and not to bring disciples to the place.
Japanese: 門人の諍いによって武蔵と小次郎が試合をする事になり、双方弟子を連れてこないと定めた。
English: Kojiro had kept the promise and hadn't brought any disciples, while Musashi's disciples had come to the island and hid.
Japanese: 小次郎の弟子は約束を守り一人も来ていなかったが、武蔵の弟子は島に来ていて隠れていた。
English: In the fight, Kojiro passed out, and after he woke up, Musashi's disciples beat him to the death.
Japanese: その後、勝負に敗れ気絶した後蘇生した小次郎を武蔵の弟子達が皆で打ち殺した。
English: Nobumoto NUMATA protected Musashi in Moji-jo Castle and later sent him to his father, Muni in Bungo, safely with guard armed with guns.
Japanese: 沼田延元は武蔵を門司城に保護、その後鉄砲隊により警護し豊後に住む武蔵の親である無二の所まで無事に送り届けた。
English: Kitsuki of Bungo Province had belonged to the Hosokawa family, and during the Keicho era (1596-1615), Yasuyuki MATSUI and Okinaga MATSUI had served as Jodai (keeper of castle) of Kitsuki-jo Castle.
Japanese: 豊後の杵築は細川家の領地で、慶長年間は杵築城代に松井康之・松井興長が任じられていた。
English: A certificate remains of the Tori-ryu School that 'Miyamoto Muninosuke Fujiwara Kazuma' gave a vassal of the Hosokawa family, Kanjuro TOMOOKA (in the original, Muninosuke '無二助' is written as '无二助', '无' is the same kanji character as '無'); if 'Muninosuke MIYAMOTO' were identical with 'Muni SHINMEN' (Musashi's father, according to "Kokura Hibun"), Muni is considered to have known the Hosokawa family before the duel.
Japanese: 宮本無（原文は無の異字体の无）二助藤原一真が慶長12年（1607年）細川家家臣友岡勘十郎に授けた当理流の免許状が現存することから、宮本無二助を新免無二と同一人物であると考えるなら、舟島での試合以前から新免無二と細川家の結びつきが深かったと推察する事ができる。
English: As stated above, Muni SHINMEN had been a vassal of the Kuroda family at the Battle of Sekigahara of 1600.
Japanese: また前述の通り新免無二は慶長5年（1600年）関ヶ原の戦いの際、黒田家の家臣であった。
English: In the battle, for the Eastern army, Josui KURODA (Yoshitaka KURODA) succeeded in assisting Yasuyuki MATSUI in defending Kitsuki-jo Castle of the Hosokawa family.
Japanese: 黒田如水は松井康之が守備する同じ東軍の細川領・杵築城防衛に援軍加勢し勝利している。
English: Besides, in his later years, Musashi had been enjoying a good friendship with the Matsui family, so Musashi might have known the Matsui family before the duel, and for the family's help, he might have been sent to Muni in Kitsuki.
Japanese: 更には武蔵と松井家との晩年の親密さから試合当時も松井家に縁があり、武蔵は杵築に住む無二の許へ送られたと考えられる。
English: In other material, Nobutoshi KINOSHITA's "Keicho Juhachi-nen Nikki" (Diary of 1613) is found 'Muni' who had served Nobutoshi; Nobutoshi was a brother-in-law of Tadaoki HOSHOKAWA and the lord of Hiji-jo Castle at that time.
Japanese: 当時、日出城主であり、細川忠興の義弟であった木下延俊の慶長18年日記に延俊に仕えていた無二なる人物のことが記されている。
English: According to the appendix of "Taira-sei Sugiwara-shi Onkeizu" (Genealogy of the Sugiwara Clan Originating from the Taira Family) written in 1751 by Karo (chief retainer) of Hiji domain, Masatsune SUGANUMA, 'Nobutoshi KINOSHITA' was instructed by 'Munisai MIYAMOTO' in the art of the sword.
Japanese: 宝暦元年（1751年）日出藩家老・菅沼政常が記録した平姓杉原氏御系図附言の木下延俊の項にも「剣術は宮本無二斎の流派を伝たまふ」と記載されている。
English: If 'Muni' in Nobutoshi's diary and 'Munisai MIYAMOTO' in the article of the genealogy were identical with Musashi's father Muni SHINMEN, considering the description in "Numatake-ki," Muni might have been in Hiji, Bungo Province and Musashi might have been sent to Hiji.
Japanese: この無二＝宮本無二斎を新免無二と同一人物であると考え、沼田家記と照らし合わせるならば、試合当時も豊後の日出に新免無二が滞在しており、武蔵はそこに送られたとも考えられる。
English: "Honcho Bugei Shoden" (Short Stories of Japanese Masters of Martial Arts), written in 1716, lists many anecdotes of swordsmen including a tale about the duel on Ganryu-jima Island; the tale in question was told by Morikazu Juroemon NAKAMURA, a vassal of Tadahide MATSUDAIRA of the Amagasaki clan; according to that, like the description of "Numatake-ki," Musashi went to Funa-shima Island with many followers while Ganryu went by himself.
Japanese: 様々な武芸者の逸話を収集した『本朝武芸小伝』（1716年）にも巌流島決闘の伝説が記されており、松平忠栄の家臣中村守和（十郎右衛門）曰くと称して、『沼田家記』の記述と同様、単独渡島の巌流に対し武蔵側が多くの仲間と共に舟島に渡っている様子が語られている。
English: A geographer in the Edo period, Koshoken FURUKAWA wrote an account of his trip to the Kyushu region, "Saiyu Zakki" in 1783, contemporary of "Niten-ki" by Kagehide TOYOTA.
Japanese: 江戸時代の地理学者古川古松軒が『二天記』とほぼ同時代の1783年に『西遊雑記』という九州の紀行文を記した。
English: In Shimonoseki, he heard folklore about the duel at Ganryu-jima Island and recorded it in a book.
Japanese: ここに当時の下関で聞いたという巌流島決闘に関する民間伝承が記録されている。
English: That is unreliable as a historical fact because it was a record of folklore told by people over a hundred years after the duel, however, the description is quite similar to the description in "Numatake-ki" which was re-discovered recently and regarded as reliable material.
Japanese: あくまでも試合から100年以上経った時代の民間伝承の記録であり、史料としての信頼性は低いが、近年再発見された『沼田家記』の記述に類似している。
English: In the past, Ganryu-jima had been called Funa-shima; a master of the sword, Musashi MIYAMOTO and Ganryu SASAKI had an argument over the art of warfare, they carried out a fight of art of sword at the island, and Ganryu was struck to the death by Miyamoto.
Japanese: 岩龍島は昔舟島と呼ばれていたが、宮本武蔵という刀術者と佐々木岩龍が武芸論争をし、この島で刀術の試合をし、岩龍は宮本に打ち殺された。
English: A related man erected a tomb for Ganryu, and local people have called the island 'Ganryu-jima Island' ever since.
Japanese: 縁のある者が、岩龍の墓を作り、地元の人間が岩龍島と呼ぶようになったという。
English: In Akamagaseki (Shimonoseki), I (Koshoken) heard a tale about the fight from the local people, and it was different from most descriptions in books I had read.
Japanese: 赤間ヶ関（下関）で地元の伝承を聞いたが、多くの書物の記述とは違った内容であった。
English: According to that, Ganryu promised a fight with Musashi, and when he was about to cross to Funa-shima Island from Isaki, local men stopped him.
Japanese: 岩龍が武蔵と約束をし、伊崎より舟島へ渡ろうとしたところ、浦の者が岩龍を止めた。
English: They said: "Just now Musashi went over to Funa-shima with many disciples, you won't be able to beat all of them by yourself, please go back, sir."
Japanese: 「武蔵は弟子を大勢引き連れて先ほど舟島へ渡りました、多勢に無勢、一人ではとても敵いません、お帰りください。」
English: He said to the men: "Bushi does not change his word, I plighted my promise, if I don't go today, I would be ashamed as a bushi, if Musashi is trying to beat me with many followers, he should be ashamed of his behavior."
Japanese: 「武士に二言はない、堅く約束した以上、今日渡らないのは武士の恥、もし多勢にて私を討つなら恥じるべきは武蔵」
English: As the men had said, Musashi was waiting for him with his disciples and four disciples assisted Musashi in the fight, at last Ganryu was killed.
Japanese: 浦人の言った通り、武蔵の弟子四人が加勢をして、ついに岩龍は討たれた。
English: Later, the men, who had stopped Ganryu at the cove, respected his morality and erected his tomb, people have called the island 'Ganyu-jima Island' ever since.
Japanese: しかし岩龍を止めた浦人たちが岩龍の義心に感じ入り墓を築いて、今のように岩龍島と呼ぶようになった。
English: Whether the tale is true or not is unknown, however, I (Koshoken) recorded it the way I heard for posterity.
Japanese: 真偽の程はわからないが、地元の伝承をそのまま記し、後世の参考とする。
English: Some people say that the descendants of Miyamoto still serve in Kokura and Musashi's tomb is facing the direction of Ganryu-jima Island.
Japanese: ある者は宮本の子孫が今も小倉の家中にあり、武蔵の墓は岩龍島の方向を向いているという。
English: A Musashi biography, "Buko-den," written by Masanaga TOYOTA in 1755, describes the duel in detail.
Japanese: 豊田正脩が宝暦5年（1755年）にまとめた『武公伝』には、巌流島での勝負が詳述されている。
English: According to that, Ganryu Kojiro was a vassal of Seigen TODA; he always acted as the opponent for Seigen at lessons of the sword, and became to use a thick and long sword of san-shaku (ninety centimeters length); at the age of eighteen, he developed his own style and called himself Ganryu.
Japanese: これによると巌流小次郎は富田勢源の家人で、常に勢源の打太刀を勤め三尺の太刀を扱えるようになり、18歳で自流を立て巌流と号した。
English: In 1612, Musashi came from Kyoto to visit Karo (chief retainer) of the Hosokawa family, Okinaga MATSUI who had known Musashi's father Muni, and he requested Okinaga to permit a fight with Kojiro.
Japanese: 慶長17年に京より武蔵が父・無二の縁で細川家の家老・松井興長を訪ね小次郎との勝負を願い出た。
English: Okinaga let Musashi stay in his residence and told Tadaoki of Musashi's request in a meeting of Karo (chief retainers), then they set the fight at Muko-jima Island (Funa-shima Island).
Japanese: 興長は武蔵を屋敷に留め、御家老中寄合で忠興公に伝わり、向島（舟島）で勝負をすることになった。
English: The day before the fight, Okinaga told Musashi that the fight had been permitted, and at the day of the fight, Musashi would have to go to the island by a boat belonging to the Matsui family and Kojiro would have to go by a boat belonging to the Hosokawa family.
Japanese: 勝負の前日、興長から武蔵に、勝負の許可と、明日は小次郎は細川家の船、武蔵は松井家の船で島に渡るように伝えられた。
English: On the day of the fight, express messengers came to Simonoseki one after another in order to remind Musashi of the appointed time, however, he kept sleeping until late in the morning.
Japanese: 試合当日、勝負の時刻を知らせる飛脚が小倉から度々訪れても武蔵は遅くまで寝ていた。
English: Finally he got up and ate breakfast, after that, he got an oar from Taroemon and shaved it to make a wooden sword.
Japanese: やっと起きて、朝食を喰った後、武蔵は、太郎右衛門から艫を貰い削り木刀を作った。
English: Then he had a servant of Taroemon, Kanpachiro MURAYA steer a boat and crossed over to the island.
Japanese: その後、太郎右衛門の家奴（村屋勘八郎）を梢人として舟で島に向かった。
English: Kojiro had been waiting for Musashi, he saw him very offended and said: "You are late."
Japanese: 待たされた小次郎は武蔵の姿を見ると憤然として「汝後レタリ（来るのが遅い！）」と言った。
English: Musashi came up from the waterside with the wooden sword; Kojiro drew his sword of san-shaku and threw the scabbard into the water.
Japanese: 木刀を持って武蔵が汀より来ると小次郎は三尺の刀を抜き鞘を水中に投げ捨てた。
English: Musashi said: "Kojiro, you already lost, if you wanted to win, you shouldn't have thrown your scabbard."
Japanese: 武蔵は「小次郎負タリ勝ハ何ゾ其鞘ヲ捨ント（小次郎、おまえは敗れた。勝つつもりならば大事な鞘を捨てはしないはずだ。）」と語った。
English: Kojiro fell down and Musashi came over, however, Kojiro instantly cut the skirt of Musashi's short-length (over the knees) kimono.
Japanese: 倒れた小次郎に近づいた武蔵に小次郎が切りかかり、武蔵の膝上の袷衣の裾を切った。
English: Musashi touched Kojiro's mouth and nose to confirm whether he was dead or not, then he made one bow to the observer and went back by boat.
Japanese: 武蔵は手で小次郎の口鼻を蓋って死活を窺った後、検使に一礼し、舟に乗って帰った。
English: According to the record, that tale was told in 1712 by Kanpachiro MURAYA, a tradesman of Kokura; Kanpachiro told that he had been the steersman for Musashi to cross to the island; according to Kanpachiro, Musashi's adopted son Iori had been catching loaches to sell when he had been a child.
Japanese: この話は、武蔵の養子伊織の出自が泥鰌捕りの童であったという話と共に、戦いの時に武蔵が島に渡るときの梢人であったとする小倉商人の村屋勘八郎なる人物が、正徳2年（1712年）に語ったものと記されている。
English: Strangely, "Buko-den" says the duel was carried in 1612, while explaining that in 1712 (a hundred years after the duel) Masatake TOYOTA (the grandfather of the writer) heard the tale from the steersman who had been present at the site.
Japanese: 『武公伝』で慶長17年（1612年）に行なわれたとされる巌流との戦いで梢人だった者が100年後に正脩の祖父の豊田正剛に語った話とされているのである。
English: If Kanpachiro's tale were true and Masanao wrote the tale exactly the way it had been record by his grandfather, a question arises; it is very strange that Masanao relied on the mysterious man's tale taken from another domain, because it means that the both of the Hosokawa family and the Matsui family, which Masanao and Masatake had served, hadn't reserved any document which mentioned the remarkable incident such as the duel permitted by the lords.
Japanese: 仮に、この勝負の内容が、事実であれば、細川家でこれだけの事件が起こったにもかかわらず、それについての記述が『武公伝』の編集当時に、細川家中や正剛・正脩の仕える松井家中になく、藩外の怪しげな人物からの伝聞しかなかったことになる。
English: "Buko-den" records many anecdotes about Musashi in his later years, told by his disciples, however, as for the duel with Ganryu, there are no information from Musashi's disciples; except for the tale by Kanpachiro MURAYA, the book records only one short tale; according to that, a vassal of the Matsui family, Sandayu TANAKA said that when Sandayu had been a child, Musashi had requested Okinaga MATSUI to permit a fight with Kojiro, and it had been set in a meeting of Karo, however, before the decision had been informed to Musashi, he had gone to Shimonoseki, and after the fight, he had sent a letter to Okinaga.
Japanese: 『武公伝』では武蔵の弟子たちが語ったとされる晩年の武蔵の逸話が多く記載されているが、岩流との勝負については、村屋勘八郎の話以外、弟子からの逸話はなく、松井家家臣の田中左太夫が幼少の頃の記憶として、松井興長に小次郎との試合を願い出た武蔵が、御家老中寄合での決定を知らず下関に渡り、勝負の後に興長に書を奉ったという短い話のみ記載されているのみである。
English: In his late years, Musashi often told about the fights with the Yoshioka, however, as for the duel with Ganryu, there remain very few reliable tales and Musashi himself didn't mention anything about it in "Gorin no sho," therefore, presumably, he scarcely told about the duel with Ganryu in Funa-shima.
Japanese: これは、晩年の武蔵が度々吉岡との勝負を語っていたという逸話と対照的であり、『五輪書』に岩流との勝負についての記述が全くない事実を考えると晩年の武蔵は舟島での岩流との勝負について自ら語ることが殆どなかったと推測することができる。
English: The story of the duel was developed by added Ganryu's origin and detailed descriptions of the fight in "Honcho Bugei Shoden" (1716), "Heiho Taiso Bushu Genshin-ko Denrai" (1727), "Buko-den" (finished in 1755) and so on; and at last, Kagehide TOYOTA based on his father's book "Buko-den" to write "Niten-ki" and added many unreliable description including about Ganryu's origin, Ganryu's original name Kojiro SASAKI, Musashi's letter, the date of the duel April 13, 1612, the permission from lords, and the details of the duel.
Japanese: 『本朝武芸小伝』（1716年）、『兵法大祖武州玄信公伝来』（1727年）、『武公伝』（1755年に完成）等によって成長していった岩流の出自や試合の内容は、『武公伝』を再編集した『二天記』（1776年）によって、岩流の詳しい出自や氏名を佐々木小次郎としたこと、武蔵の手紙、慶長17年4月13日に試合が行われたこと、御前試合としての詳細な試合内容など、多くの史的価値が疑わしい内容によって詳述された。
English: In 1909, Miyamoto Musashi Iseki Kenshokai (the association in honor to the accomplishments of Musashi MIYAMOTO) of Kumamoto Prefecture regarded the descriptions of the duel in "Niten-ki" as historical facts and based on that wrote "Miyamoto Musashi" (called "Kenshokai-bon"); and Eiji YOSHIKAWA wrote a novel "Miyamoto Musashi" (1935-1939) based on the information of "Kenshokai-bon;" therefore, the story of the duel written in "Niten-ki" became famous.
Japanese: 『二天記』が詳述した岩流との試合内容は、明治42年（1909年）熊本の宮本武蔵遺蹟顕彰会編纂による『宮本武蔵』通称『顕彰会本』で原資料の一つとなりそのまま史実とされ、さらに吉川英治が小説『宮本武蔵』（1935年-1939年）で『顕彰会本』の内容を用いたことから広く知られるようになった。
English: In 1737, a kabuki play "Katakiuchi Ganryu-jima" (Vengeance at Ganryu-jima Island) was performed in Osaka, which was written by Bunzaburo FUJIKAWA based on legends of the duel; Ganryu has been called 'Sasaki' in many books ever afterward.
Japanese: また、様々な文書で岩流を指し佐々木と呼称するようになるのは、元文2年（1737年）巌流島決闘伝説をベースとした藤川文三郎作の歌舞伎「敵討巌流島」が大阪で上演されて以降である。
English: In the kabuki appear two swordsmen, 'Musashinosuke TSUKIMOTO' and 'Ganryu SASAKI,' and Musashinosuke avenges the murder of his father on Ganryu.
Japanese: この作品ではそれぞれに「月本武蔵之助」「佐々木巌流」という役名がつけられ、親を殺された武蔵之助が巌流に復讐するという筋立てがつけられている。
English: After the duel, April 13 is called 'Ketto no hi' (the day of the duel).
Japanese: この戦いは記念日まで設けられ、4月13日がそれに因んで「決闘の日」とされている。
English: Following are folklores told in tourist spots related to Musashi or dojo (training halls) or events of budo (martial arts), however, this is invalid information not based on reliable historical materials.
Japanese: 武蔵にゆかりのある土地、武道の場などで語られる事があるが、明確な根拠や史実を記したとされる史料に基づくものではない。
English: At a festival, he saw performers beating taiko (Japanese big drum) with two bachi (drumsticks), suddenly he hit on an idea adapting the performers' style for a style of sword fighting, since then, he developed Nito-ryu.
Japanese: 祭りで太鼓が二本の撥を用いて叩かれてるのを見て、これを剣術に用いるという天啓を得、二刀流を発案した。
English: By accumulating the experience of fighting, he began to use a wooden sword; at about age of twenty-nine, he was using replicas of the wooden sword which he had used in the duel at Ganryu-jima Island; soon after the duel, he had lost the wooden sword and since then, he made those replicas, however, at the age of twenty-nine, he stopped fighting with swordsmen.
Japanese: 立会いを繰り返すうちに次第に木剣を使用するようになり、他の武芸者と勝負しなくなる29歳直前の頃には、もっぱら巌流島の闘いで用いた櫂の木刀を自分で復元し（現物は巌流島の決闘の後に紛失した）剣術に用いていた。
English: Nihon-to (Japanese sword) is brittle and often broken in the middle of fights; in order to avoid that, Musashi began to prepare two wooden swords.
Japanese: 二本差しや木刀を用いるようになったのは、日本刀の刀身が構造上壊れやすくなっているので、勝負の最中に刀が折れるのを嫌ったため。
English: At the fights with Yoshioka, Musashi ignored the proper procedure of musha-shugyo (swordsman's training) and ill-manneredly issued a challenge, so a fight of one versus one expanded into a small battle, and at last, unfortunately Yoshioka was beaten and even the family and school ended.
Japanese: 吉岡家の断絶は、武蔵が当時における、武者修行の礼儀を無視した形で勝負を挑んだため、さながら小規模な合戦にまで勝負の規模が拡大し、吉岡がそれに敗れてしまったためである。
English: "Kaijo Monogatari" (Kaijo Story), written in 1666 (only twenty-one years after Musashi died), describes a scene where Musashi was painting a picture, so since a long time ago, he has been famous as a painter as well.
Japanese: 武蔵没後21年後の寛文6年（1666年）に書かれた『海上物語』に武蔵が絵を描く話が記されるなど画家としても武蔵は有名であった。
English: Musashi's biography, "Buko-den," written in 1755 by Masanao TOYOTA (an instructor of Niten Ichi-ryu in the Matsui family), describes his talent as "Musashi spent his spare time quietly (…omit…) making renga (Japanese poetry), studying calligraphies, painting pictures, making crafts and so on, so many of his works remain including a saddle, a bow made from a willow tree, wooden swords, renga, calligraphy and pictures."
Japanese: 『武公伝』（松井家の二天一流師範が著した武蔵伝記・宝暦5年（1755年）豊田正脩編）には、「武公平居閑静して（中略）連歌或は書画小細工等を仕て日月を過了す、故に武公作の鞍楊弓木刀連歌書画数多あり」と書かれている。
English: Most of his works remaining at present are considered to have been made in his late years in Kumamoto; originally they had been kept in the Matsui family which had been Karo (chief retainer) of the Hosokawa family and the lord of Yatsushiro-jo Castle, and in the Terao family since Kumanosuke (Motomenosuke) Nobuyuki TERAO had attended to Musashi in his late years; later owners of those works changed.
Japanese: 現在残る作品の大部分は晩年の作と考えられ、熊本での作品は、細川家家老で八代城主であった松井家や晩年の武蔵の世話をした寺尾求馬助信行の寺尾家を中心に残されたものが所有者を変えながら現在まで伝えられている。
English: Some critics point out the influence of Yusho KAIHO or Tohaku HASEGAWA and some critics say that he didn't learn painting from experts.
Japanese: 画風に海北友松や長谷川等伯の影響を指摘する説もあるが、誰かに専門的に学んだものでは無いという説もある。
English: Some people say that he succeeded in expressing the idea of 'Ken Zen Ichinyo' (swordsmanship and Zen are one and the same) in his works and some people say that unlike expert work, his poor and simple style enhances the quality.
Japanese: 剣禅一如の境地が見事に描かれた作品との評価もあるが、職業画家ではない稚拙さ素朴さが逆に作品の評価を高めているとの意見もある。
English: Recently specialists have been trying to judge whether they are genuine or not by studying movement of brush, style, seal, signature and so on, however, they haven't reached a conclusion yet.
Japanese: 筆致、画風や画印、署名等で真贋に対する研究もなされているが明確な結論は出されていない。
English: The following are his main paintings; Eisei-Bunko Museum keeps "U-zu" (Cormorant), "Shomen Daruma-zu" (Bodhidharma Facing Front), "Menpeki Daruma-zu" (Bodhidharma Facing Wall), "Monpuku Hotei-zu" (Laughing Hotei) and "Rogan-zu" (Goose by Reed Leaf); Matsui-Bunko Incorporated Foundation keeps "Royo Daruma-zu" (Bodhidharma by Reed Leaf) and "Yaba-zu" (Wild Horse); Kuboso Memorial Museum of Arts, Izumi keeps "Koboku Meigeki-zu" (Shrike on a Withered Branch); the Okayama Prefectural Museum of Art keeps "Shu Moshuku-zu" (Zhou Maoshu), "Yugamo-zu" (Playing Duck) and "Hotei-zu" (Hotei); Fukuoka Art Museum keeps "Hotei Kan-Tokei-zu" (Hotei Watching a Cockfight).
Japanese: 主要な画として、「鵜図」「正面達磨図」「面壁達磨図」「捫腹布袋図」「芦雁図」（以上永青文庫蔵）「芦葉達磨図」「野馬図」（以上松井文庫蔵）「枯木鳴鵙図」（和泉市久保惣記念館蔵）「周茂叔図」「遊鴨図」「布袋図」（以上岡山県立美術館蔵）「布袋観闘鶏図」（福岡市美術館蔵）などがある。
English: Following are some calligraphy confirmed as genuine; Yatsushiro Municipal Museum keeps "Nagaoka Okinaga ate shojo" (Letter to Okinaga NAGAOKA); Yoshikawa Eiji House and Museum keeps "Arima Naozumi ate shojo" (Letter to Naozumi ARIMA); Kumamoto Prefectural Museum of Art keeps "Dokkodo" (means 'the way of walking alone'); Matsui-Bunko Incorporated Foundation keeps "Senki" (means 'spirit of fight').
Japanese: 書としては、「長岡興長宛書状」（八代市立博物館蔵）「有馬直純宛書状」（吉川英治記念館蔵）「独行道」（熊本県立美術館蔵）「戦気」（松井文庫蔵）が真作と認められている。
English: Crafts, confirmed to be genuine, are a saddle lacquered in black and a wooden sword which are regarded as a replica Musashi himself made after the wooden sword which he had used in the duel at Ganryu-jima.
Japanese: 伝来が確かな武蔵作の工芸品としては、黒漆塗の「鞍」、舟島での戦いに用いた木刀を模したとされる「木刀」一振。