nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 1766 when the Meiwa Incident occurred, he was arrested together with Daini YAMAGATA and Shikibu TAKENOUCHI, and the next year, 1767, he was decapitated and exposed at a prison gate for the great impropriety in the content of his book Heisho zatsudan" (a talk about The Art of War).
Japanese: 1766年（明和3年）の明和事件では山県大弐、竹内式部とともに捕らえられ、翌1767年（明和4年）『兵書雑談』の内容に不敬があったとして打首・獄門の刑に処せられた（牢死説もある）。
English: Owing to a friendly tie that Naoaki's great grand son Tamon FUJII deepened with Tomomi IWAKURA, Naoaki's thought came to be recognized and after the Meiji Restoration, he was posthumously given Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank).
Japanese: 直明のひ孫である藤井多門が岩倉具視と親交を深め、直明の思想が明らかとなり、明治維新後、正四位が贈られた。
English: Kien MINAGAWA (January 1, 1735 - June 21, 1807) was a Confucianist ('Jugakusha' or 'Jusha' in Japanese) who lived in mid-Edo period.
Japanese: 皆川淇園（みながわきえん、享保19年12月8日(旧暦)（1735年1月1日）-文化(元号)4年5月16日(旧暦)（1807年6月21日））は、江戸時代中期の儒学者。
English: Kien's father was Nariyoshi MINAGAWA (who was also called Shundo and Hakushu), and his biological younger brother was Nariakira FUJITANI (who was also called Sojo and Kitanobe) who was known as a scholar of ancient Japanese thought and culture ('Kokugakusha' in Japanese).
Japanese: 父は皆川成慶（春洞、白洲）で、実弟に国学者富士谷成章（層城、北辺）がいる。
English: Kien studied further into the art of divination ('ekigaku' in Japanese), and based on his own philological theory did he advance a 'Kaibutsu-ron' theory (literally, 'kai' means opening and 'butsu' means objects, the 'kai-butsu' referring to a method of grasping the meaning of a word by voicing it so as to understand an object via name) which interpreted a relationship between 'name' and 'object,' and published books annotating many basic literature for Confucianism (which literature was called 'Keisho'), the books including "Roshi" (Lao Tzu or Lao-tse or Lao·zi; literally "Master Lao"), "Soshi" (Zhuangzi or Chuang-tzu; literally "Master Zhuang"), "Resshi" (Liezi or Lièzĭ or Lieh Tzu; literally "Master Lie") and "Rongo" (Lunyu in Chinese or Analects in English, also known as the Analects of Confucius).
Japanese: 易学について研究を深め、独自の言語論により「名」と「物」との関係を解釈する開物論を唱え、「老子」「荘子」「列子」「論語」など多くの経書に対する注釈書を著した。
English: Kien was invited as a teacher of honor ('hinshi' in Japanese) by some feudal lords including Nobumine MATSUDAIRA of Kameyama Domain, Kiyoshi MATSUURA of Hirado Domain and Yasusada HONDA of Zeze Domain.
Japanese: 亀山藩の松平信岑・平戸藩の松浦清・膳所藩の本多康完などの藩主に賓師として招かれた。
English: Influenced by Ju EMURA's Shakujodo-shisha (the term shisha refers to a Chinese poetry salon), Kien and his fellow scholars Ritsuzan SHIBANO and Soshu AKAMATSU established their own shisha called Sanpaku-sha.
Japanese: また、江村綬の錫杖堂詩社に影響され、柴野栗山や赤松滄洲らと三白社という詩社を起こす。
English: Kien was also a prominent painter whose work of sansui-ga (landscape painting) was as highly regarded as his master Okyo MARUYAMA's.
Japanese: 絵画の腕も卓越しており、山水画では、師の円山応挙に劣らずという評価も受けている。
English: In 1806, Kien in late life gained support from various feudal lords so that he founded a 'gakumonsho' private school (MINAGAWA Kien Kodokan) in Kyoto.
Japanese: 晩年の文化3年（1806年）には様々な藩主の援助を受けて京都に学問所（皆川淇園弘道館）を開いた。
English: Jinson (August 25, 1430-May 31, 1508) was a Japanese priest of Nara Kofuku-ji Temple lived over the middle of the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 尋尊（じんそん、永享2年8月7日(旧暦)（1430年8月25日）-永正5年5月2日(旧暦)（1508年5月31日））は、室町時代中期から戦国時代(日本)にかけての奈良興福寺の僧。
English: Entering Daijo-in Temple in 1438 to replace a priest Kyogaku who left the temple after being punished by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Jinson served following 70 years in the temple.
Japanese: 1438年（永享10年）室町幕府から罪を得て去った経覚のあとを受けて大乗院に入り、以後70年間在院した。
English: After passing the Kengaku Ryugi (oral examination for learned priests) at Yuimae (a Buddhist service for the Yuima Sutra held at Kofuku-ji Temple), he was appointed to Shosozu (junior secondary prelate), Daisozu (upper Buddhist priest in the second highest position) and Sojo (priest ranked in the highest managerial position) in that order, and then assumed the post of Kofuku-ji betto in 1456.
Japanese: 維摩会研学竪義（ゆいまえけんがくりゅうぎ）を遂げ、少僧都・大僧都を経て僧正に任じられ、1456年（康正2年）興福寺別当に就任した。
English: When the Onin War (1467-1477) broke out, he protected diaries of his father, Kaneyoshi, from fires caused by the war.
Japanese: 応仁の乱（1467年－1477年）では父兼良の日記を兵火から守った。
English: Among them, the diary 'Jinson Daisojo Ki' (Diary of Daisojo Jinson) is an indispensable material to understand not only Kofuku-ji Temple but also the period he lived.
Japanese: その日記「尋尊大僧正記」は興福寺に関することだけではなく、この時代を知る上での必須の資料である。
English: Shoku (910 - April 6, 1007) was a monk of the Tendai sect of Japanese Buddhism lived in the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 性空（しょうくう、延喜10年（910年）-寛弘4年3月10日(旧暦)（1007年3月31日））は、平安時代中期の天台宗の僧。
English: He entered Mt. Shosha in Harima Province in 966, and founded Engyo-ji Temple (one of the thirty-three sacred grounds in Saigoku [western part of Japan]) after accepting the conversion of Kokushi (provincial governor) FUJIWARA no Suetaka to Buddhism.
Japanese: 966年（康保3年）播磨国書写山に入山し、国司藤原季孝の帰依を受けて圓教寺（西国三十三ヶ所霊場の一つ）を創建。
English: In 980, along with Zoga, Shoku attended the rakkei hoyo (a memorial service to celebrate the construction of a temple) of Konpon-chudo Hall of Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 980年（天元(日本)3年）には蔵賀とともに比叡山根本中堂の落慶法要に参列している。
English: From his youth, he was known as a Hokkekyo jikyosha (devotee of the Lotus Sutra) belonging to the hijiri (wandering monk) group with a background of Mountain Buddhism.
Japanese: 早くから山岳仏教を背景とする聖（ひじり）の系統に属する法華経持経者として知られた。
English: In 1007, he died at the age of 98 (80) at Miroku-ji Temple in Harima Province (now Himeji City).
Japanese: 1007年（寛弘4年）、播磨国弥勒寺(姫路市)で98歳（80歳）で亡くなった。
English: In 703, he visited Tang China together with Chiran and Chiyu, studied Faxiang Buddhism (or Dharma-character school which was the Chinese equivalent of the Japanese Hosso sect) under Chishu (Zhizhou in Chinese) the Bokuyo Daishi (Master Puyang), who was a dharma-grandson of Ki (Ji in Chinese, aka Kuiji) the Jion Daishi (Master Cien) and the third generation founder of the Faxiang sect in China.
Japanese: 703年（大宝(日本)3年）智鸞・智雄などとともに入唐し、慈恩大師基（或いは窺基）の法孫で法相第3祖の濮陽（ぼくよう）大師智周に師事して法相宗を学んだ。
English: Living at the Hoko-ji Temple in Nara, Chiho propagated the Hosso sect in Japan, which was supposedly the third generation transmission of the Japanese Hosso sect.
Japanese: 奈良法興寺に住して法相宗を広め、日本における法相宗の第3伝とされる。
English: In 706, when FUJIWARA no Fuhito revived the holding known as Yuima-e religious meetings, Chiho served as a lecturer.
Japanese: 706年（慶雲3年）藤原不比等が維摩会を復興した折にはその講師をつとめた。
English: In 703, he visited Tang China together with Chiho and Chiran, studied Faxiang Buddhism under Chishu (Zhizhou in Chinese) the Bokuyo Daishi (Master Puyang), who was a dharma-grandson of Ki (Ji in Chinese, aka Kuiji) the Jion Daishi (Master Cien) and the third generation founder of the Faxiang sect.
Japanese: 703年（大宝3年）智鳳・智鸞らとともに入唐し、慈恩大師基（または窺基）の法孫で法相第3祖の濮陽（ぼくよう）大師智周に師事して法相宗を学んだ。
English: In 703, he visited Tang China together with Chiho and Chiyu, studied Faxiang Buddhism under Chishu (Zhizhou in Chinese) the Bokuyo Daishi (Master Puyang), who was a dharma-grandson of Ki (Ji in Chinese, aka Kuiji) the Jion Daishi (Master Cien) and the third generation founder of the Faxiang sect.
Japanese: 703年（大宝(日本)3年）智鳳・智雄らとともに入唐し、慈恩大師基（または窺基）の法孫で法相第3祖の濮陽（ぼくよう）大師智周に師事して法相宗を学んだ。
English: Gien (aka Giin; year of birth unknown - November 29, 728) was a priest of Hosso sect of Buddhism (Japanese equivalent of the Chinese Faxiang sect or Dharma-character school), who lived in the Nara period.
Japanese: 義淵（ぎえん・ぎいん、生年不詳－神亀5年10月20日(旧暦)（728年11月29日））は、奈良時代の法相宗の僧。
English: According to "Shoku Nihongi" (literally, Chronicle of Japan Continued, which is the second of the six classical Japanese history texts), his secular surname was Ichiki, but in "Fuso ryakki" (literally, A Short History of Japan) he appears as born in Takaichi no kori (or Takaichi-gun) County in Yamato Province under the clan name of Ato.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』によると俗性は市往氏であるが、『扶桑略記』では大和国高市郡の出身で阿刀氏とする。
English: It is said that for many years his parents had prayed for a blessing before an image of the Kannon Buddhist, deity of mercy, so that they were finally blessed with a baby who was Gien, and under Emperor Tenmu's command he was brought up along with the imperial princes at Okamoto no miya Palace.
Japanese: 父母が長年観音菩薩に祈願して授かり、天武天皇により親王とともに岡本宮で養育されたという。
English: He entered the Buddhist priesthood at Gango-ji Temple where he studied vijnapti-matrata or Consciousness-only school (aka Yuishiki or wei shih, i.e. a theory that all existence is subjective and nothing exists outside of the mind) and dharmalaksana or Dharma-character school (aka Hosso or faxiang, i.e. the specific characteristics of all manifest phenomena), and founded the gokaryu-ji (literally, the five Ryu [dragon] temples) including Ryugai-ji (aka Oka-dera) Temple.
Japanese: 出家して元興寺に入り唯識・法相を修め、龍蓋寺（＝岡寺）などの5ヶ龍寺を創建した。
English: In 699, he received an religious studies academic prize of 10,000 sheaves of rice and, in 703, was appointed as a sojo (high-priest).
Japanese: 699年（文武天皇3年）学行褒賞で稲1万束を賜り、703年（大宝(日本)3年）に僧正に任じられた。
English: The "Shoku Nihongi" indicates that the Emperor extolled him for what he had done since the time of the previous emperor, he was granted the family name Oka no muraji and graciously permitted to share it with his siblings.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』には、先代からの行いを称され727年（神亀4年）に岡連の姓を賜り兄弟に伝えることを許された、とある。
English: According to "Sangoku Buppo Denzu Engi" (literally, History of the transmission and propagation of Buddhism in the three countries), his pupils included Genbo, Gyoki, Ryuson and Roben, and it is further said that his followers included Doji and Dokyo.
Japanese: 『三国仏法伝通縁起』によれば、弟子に玄ボウ・行基・隆尊・良弁などがおり、道慈・道鏡なども義淵の門下であったという。
English: Gomyo (750 - October 20, 834) was a Hosso sect monk of Japanese Buddhism, who lived from the Nara period to early Heian period.
Japanese: 護命（ごみょう、天平勝宝2年（750年）-承和(日本)元年9月11日(旧暦)（834年10月20日））は、奈良時代から平安時代前期にかけての法相宗の僧。
English: Gomyo first studied under Doko in Minokokubun-ji Temple, and then studied Hosso under Shogo and Manyo of Gango-ji Temple in Nara, followed by mountain ascetic practices in Yoshino.
Japanese: はじめ美濃国分寺の道興に師事し、その後奈良元興寺の万耀・勝悟について法相をまなび、また吉野で山岳修行を行った。
English: When the foundation of a Kaidan was approved of in 823, he lived in seclusion at Yamada-dera Temple, but was called out by Emperor Junna and was then actively involved in the national political arena..
Japanese: 823年（弘仁14年）に戒壇の開設が勅許されると山田寺に隠棲したが、淳和天皇に召し出され、その後も中央政界で活躍した。
English: Tokuitsu (c. 760 - 835) was a Hosso sect monk of Japanese Buddhism who lived from the Nara period to early Heian period.
Japanese: 徳一（とくいつ、天平宝字4年（760年）?－承和(日本)2年（835年）?）は、奈良時代から平安時代前期にかけての法相宗の僧。
English: There are various theories as to the dates of his birth and death; according to 'Nanto Kosoden,' he was born in 749 and died on August 23, 824.
Japanese: 生没年には諸説があるが、「南都高僧伝」には天平勝宝元年（749年）出生、天長元年7月21日(旧暦)（824年8月23日）没と記されている。
English: Tokuitsu is considered to have learned the Dharmalogy of the Hosso Study from Shuen and other monks at Todai-ji Temple first, and moved to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) at the age of 20 or so.
Japanese: 初め東大寺で修円らから法相教学を学んだとされ、20歳頃に東国へ下った。
English: Although in 815 he was asked by Kukai to transcribe by handwriting and propagate scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism, Tokuitsu sent 'Shingon-shu miketsumon' (eleven clauses of criticism of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism) to Kukai (Kukai did not respond to 'Shingon-shu miketsumon' sent from Tokuitsu.)
Japanese: 弘仁6年（815年）空海から密教経典などの書写・布教を依頼されるが、これに対して真言密教への疑義を記した11か条の「真言宗未決文」を空海に送っている（ちなみに空海は徳一の「未決文」に対してあえて反応は示さなかった。)
English: (In fact, it was 500 years later that the Shingon sect argued against 'Shingon-shu miketsumon.')
Japanese: (真言宗側から「未決文」に対して反論がなされたのは実に500年後のことである）。
English: Tokuitsu criticized the Tendai doctrine, beginning with criticisms against 'Bushosho' (excerpt of Buddha nature), and had one of the major Buddhist disputes with Saicho from around 817, called Sanichigonjitsu soron (or 'Sanjo ichijo gonjitsu ronso').
Japanese: また、天台教学に対しては「仏性抄」を皮切りに批判を加え、弘仁8年（817年）年頃から最澄との間で一大仏教論争である三一権実諍論（さんいちごんじつそうろん。または「三乗一乗権実論争」）を展開した。
English: During this time, Tokuitsu built many temples across the southern part of Mutsu Province to Hitachi Province, including Enichi-ji Temple in Aizu in Mutsu Province, Shojo-ji Temple in the same Province, Chuzen-ji Temple (Omido) on Mt. Tsukuba in Hitachi Province (Tsukuba City), and Saiko-in Temple, and at the same time conducted propagation among the people, which reportedly led them to refer to him as 'Tokuitsu Bosatsu,' Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) meaning one who vows to save all beings before becoming a Buddha.
Japanese: この間、陸奥国会津慧日寺や同国会津勝常寺、常陸国筑波山中禅寺（大御堂(つくば市)）、西光院など陸奥南部～常陸にかけて多くの寺院を建立すると共に、民衆布教を行い「徳一菩薩」と称されたという。
English: Currently, Gorinto, which is said to be the grave of Tokuitsu, remains at the site of Enichi-ji Temple (Bandai-machi, Yama-gun, Fukushima Prefecture).
Japanese: 現在、慧日寺跡（福島県耶麻郡磐梯町）には徳一の墓と伝えられる五輪塔が残されている。
English: Chiko (circa 709 - circa 780) was a Buddhist priest of the Sanron Sect (Madhyamika school founded originally by Nagarjuna, which was brought in from China in 625 by Ekwan and was headquartered in Horyu-ji Temple in Nara, the sect belonging to the Provisional Mahayana school), who lived in the Nara period.
Japanese: 智光（ちこう、和銅2年（709年）?－宝亀11年（780年）?）は、奈良時代の三論宗の僧。
English: Together with Raiko he studied Sanron, or Three Shastras (Treatises), under Chizo at Gango-ji Temple, looked around for shogyo (Buddhist sutras) and left numerous writings including "Hannya-shingyo Jutsugi" (literally, Interpretation Learning of Heart Sutra) and "Jomyogenron-ryakujutsu" (literally, A Brief Sketch of the Commentary on the Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra).
Japanese: 頼光とともに元興寺の智蔵に師事して三論を学び、聖教を周覧して「般若心経述義」「浄名玄論略述」など多くの書物を著した。
English: According to "Nihon genho zenaku ryoiki" (a set of three books of Buddhist stories written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the "Nihon Ryoiki"), Chiko was jealous of Gyoki appointed as daisojo (head priest of a Buddhist sect) and slandered him, which supposedly caused Chiko to die of illness and descend to hell, but repentance led him to resurrection, and thus resurrected Chiko relied on Gyoki.
Japanese: 「日本現報善悪霊異記」によると、行基が大僧正に任じられたのを妬んで行基を誹謗したため、病を得て没して地獄に落ちたが、懺悔して蘇り行基に帰依したという。
English: Also, after his schoolmate Raiko died, Raiko appeared in one of Chiko's dreams where he was seen living in the Amida jodo (Pure Land of Amida), whereupon he had a picture drawn of the scene by a painter, which remains to the present day at Gokuraku-bo of Gango-ji Temple in Nara as a henso-zu (picture describing Buddhist Heaven and Pure Land) called "Chiko Mandala."
Japanese: また、学友の頼光が没した後、頼光が智光の夢に現れ阿弥陀浄土に往生を遂げているのを見て、画工に描かせたのが、現在奈良元興寺極楽坊の残る「智光曼荼羅」と呼ばれる変相図である。
English: Doji (year of birth unknown - November 14, 744) was a priest of the Sanron sect (Madhyamika school founded originally by Nagarjuna, which was brought in from China in 625 by Ekwan and was headquartered in Horyu-ji Temple in Nara, the sect belonging to the Provisional Mahayana school), who lived in the Nara period.
Japanese: 道慈（どうじ、生年不詳-天平16年10月2日(旧暦)（744年11月14日））は、奈良時代の三論宗の僧。
English: In 702, he travelled to Tang China where he lived at Xi Ming Temple (Xian City) and through his pursuit of Sanron, or Three Shastras (Treatises), out of 100 high priests was he selected to expound upon the Ninno hannya kyo which was alternatively known as Benevolent Kings (Prajnaparamita) Sutra.
Japanese: 702年（大宝(日本)2年）唐へ渡り、西明寺(西安市)に住して三論に通じて、仁王般若経を講ずる高僧100人のうちに一人に選ばれた。
English: In 729, he was appointed risshi (the third-rank priest following sojo and sozu) and assisted in the relocation of Daian-ji Temple to Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Nara).
Japanese: 729年（天平元年）律師に任じられ、大安寺を平城京へ移設することに尽力している。
English: The following year, in 736, he commenced Daihannya-kyo Tendoku-e (a Buddhist ceremony in which part of the 600-verse Prajna Sutra [the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra] are recited by a group of priests, fanning the folded pages of the sutra text through the air while reciting the Prajna Sutra incantation [chant]) at Daian-ji Temple, and in 739, served as lecturer to expound upon Daigokuden Saisho-o-kyo Kosetsu (literally, a lecture on the Most Victorious Kings Sutra [Suvarnaprabhasa] at the Council Hall in the Imperial Palace).
Japanese: 翌736年（天平9年）大安寺大般若経転読会を始め、739年（天平12年）には大極殿最勝王経講説の講師をつとめた。
English: He participated in the compilation of "Nihon shoki" (Chronicles of Japan) and criticized Buddhist circles of the day in his "Gushi" (literally, A Fool's Idea).
Japanese: 「日本書紀」の編纂にも関与し、「愚志」を著して当時の仏教界を批判した。
English: Koretari YOSHIKAWA (1616 - January 1, 1695) was a Japanese Shintoist in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 吉川惟足（よしかわこれたり、元和(日本)2年（1616年）-元禄7年11月16日(旧暦)（1695年1月1日））は、江戸時代前期の神道家。
English: He gained the confidence of Seitaishogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA as well as great daimyo like the Kishu Tokugawa family, the Maeda family in Kaga Province and the Matsudaira family in Aizu.
Japanese: 征夷大将軍徳川家綱を始め、紀州徳川家・加賀国前田家・会津松平家などの諸大名の信任を得る。
English: Banri HOASHI (February 11, 1778 - July 30, 1852) was a Confucianist and Keiseiron (written treatment of events, which was drafted for governing Japan in the Edo period) scholar, who lived during the late Edo period.
Japanese: 帆足万里（ほあしばんり、安永7年1月15日(旧暦)（1778年2月11日）－嘉永5年6月14日(旧暦)（1852年7月30日））は、江戸時代後期の儒学者・経世論。
English: In 1791, when Banri was 14 years old, he studied under Guzan WAKI, and at the age of 21, he also took lessons of Chikuzan NAKAI in Osaka and Kien MINAGAWA in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1791年（寛政3年）万里が14歳の時、脇愚山に学び、21歳の時に大阪の中井竹山・京都の皆川淇園にも学ぶ。
English: Afterwards, he became a full-fledged scholar at around 30 and held the position of professor to hanko (domain school) of Hiji Domain, and in 1832 he was appointed as the chief retainer of Hiji Domain to carry out the domain's financial reform.
Japanese: その後30歳前後には一人前の学者となり、日出藩の藩校の教授となり、1832年（天保3年）日出藩家老となり財政改革に行った。
English: Although the lord of domain implored him to take moderate approach but he did not listen to the lord's pleading, saying that he accepted the charge under the words that 'once having entrusted, nobody would interfere in the affaire afterwards,' and he brushed off the chief retainer in service
Japanese: 藩主の懇望を受けたが辞して承諾せず、「一度任せたからには、後から口出しをしない」という約束の下に、これまでの家老をやめさせた。
English: And he appointed those whom he recognized capable and fair the important positions, carried out the policy of austerity, and revealed the corruption of officials, checking the account books of the domain by moving beads on an abacus by himself.
Japanese: そして、自分が有能・公正を見こんだ人々を役職につけ、倹約を旨とし、自ら算盤をとり藩の帳簿を調べ、これまでの役人の不正を明るみに出した。
English: Three yeas later after the reform, he rendered a great achievement, and the clan was able to have a clear idea how to return the money borrowed from Osaka merchants
Japanese: 改革の3年後には、大いに成績をあげ、藩が大坂商人に借りていた金を返していく方針が立った。
English: After he retired from the post, he founded his private school Seienseisha to be engaged in the younger people's education.
Japanese: 致仕した後、私塾西崦精舎（せいえんせいしゃ）を開いて子弟の教育にあたっている。
English: In 1847, Banri suddenly went up to Kyoto leading several disciples and stayed there until next year.
Japanese: 1847年に万里はにわかに門人を引き連れて京都にあがり、翌年まで滞在していたことがある。
English: It is said that he did this because he was planning to strengthen the prestige of the Imperial Court by establishing a school in Kyoto.
Japanese: これは京都に学校を興してそれにより朝廷の威光を増そうという計画だったともいう。
English: It is said that although he was rather delicate in health, he took care of himself by extremely valuing the hygiene and paying attention to what he ate, he enjoyed a long life.
Japanese: 体は弱い方だったが、人一倍衛生を重んじ、食物に気をつけて養生したので長命を得たという。
English: But on the other hand, he was interested in Kyurigaku (learning of plumbing the scientific principles), influenced by a nature philosopher Baien MIURA, and at around 40, he learned Dutch using "Yakken" (Nederduitsche Taal, Japanese first Dutch-Japanese dictionary literally named 'key to translation') written by Fuzan FUJIBAYASHI to learn the natural science in Europe.
Japanese: が、一方で、自然哲学者・三浦梅園の影響により窮理学に関心を持ち、40歳頃から藤林普山の『訳鍵』を手に入れてオランダ語を修得し、ヨーロッパの自然科学を学んだ。
English: Following him many of his disciples began studying about the Western world without narrow-mindness, while they maintained the respect to the Imperial family.
Japanese: 皇室を尊びながら偏狭ではなく、門下に西洋について学ぶものが多く出た。
English: Banri's book "Kyuritsu" is an epoch-making literature of natural science history in Japan.
Japanese: 万里の著書『窮理通（きゅうりつう）』は日本における自然科学史に画期的な文献である。
English: It is said during the Meiji period when Guido Herman Fridolin Verbeek from the Netherlands came to know the theory of "Kyuritsu," he was surprised at the advanced level of the science in the Edo period.
Japanese: 明治年間にオランダのフルベッキが『窮理通』の説を聞き、江戸時代の科学の進んでいたことに驚いたという。
English: He advocated the ancient writings and taught them to younger scholars, and his style of ancient writings was different from that of Sorai OGYU and he not only applied the classic letters but also classic literary styles in his writing.
Japanese: 彼は「古文」を唱道して後進に教え、その古文は荻生徂徠と異なり、文字ではなく文体を古体に則る。
English: That is to say, he modeled the writings after those of the periods of Qin-Han or before, and he did not appreciated the styles of Tang-Sung or later periods, saying that they were weak.
Japanese: つまり、秦漢以前の文を模範とし、唐宋以下の文を骨力がなく軟弱であるとして軽んじた。
English: For example, his book "Seio sanbun" is praised as 'it is concise but transmits a firm power.'
Japanese: たとえばその著書『井櫻纂聞』などは、「剄簡にして動かすべからざるの力あり」と評される。
English: Kaneyori HAGIWARA (1588 - September 17, 1660) was a Shintoist, who lived during the early Edo period.
Japanese: 萩原兼従（はぎわらかねより、天正16年（1588年）-万治3年8月13日(旧暦)（1660年9月17日））は、江戸時代前期の神道家。
English: After he was deliberately adopted by his grandfather Kanemi YOSHIDA in 1599 according to Kanemi's plan, he held the position of clerical worker at Toyokuni-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City), where Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was enshrined, and came to use the family name Hagiwara.
Japanese: 1599年（慶長4年）、祖父吉田兼見の画策により兼見の養子となり、豊臣秀吉を祀る豊国神社(京都市)の社務職に就任し萩原を名乗る。
English: After the Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) in 1615 in which the Toyotomi clan was downfallen, Toyokuni-jinja Shrine was destroyed and Kaneyori was exiled to Bungo Province, however, thanks to the arrangement of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, he was exceptionally pardoned.
Japanese: 1615年（元和(日本)元年）大坂の役により豊臣氏が滅亡すると、豊国神社は破却され、兼従は豊後国に配流となったが、細川忠興の計らいにより特別に赦された。
English: NAKATOMI no Kane (year of birth unknown - September 24, 672) was a government official in the Asuka period.
Japanese: 中臣金（なかとみのかね、生年不詳－天武天皇元年8月25日(旧暦)（672年9月24日））は、飛鳥時代の官人。
English: He served Emperor Tenchi and Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) as a senior vassal and was executed after the defeat in the Jinshin War.
Japanese: 天智天皇、大友皇子（弘文天皇）に重臣としてつかえ、壬申の乱で敗れて処刑された。
English: Nakatomi no Kane also adressed norito (shinto ritual prayer) when he worshipped gods beside Onjo-ji Temple in 670.
Japanese: 中臣金も天智天皇9年（670年）に山御井の傍らで神々をまつったときに祝詞を宣した。
English: But after the death of FUJIWARA (Nakatomi) no Kamatari who was a leader of the family, he moved up rapidly as a central figure in the family.
Japanese: だが、一族の指導的な存在であった藤原（中臣）鎌足の死後、一族の中心人物として急速に出世する。
English: On February 22, 671, he offered up shinji by royal command and was appointed to udaijin on the same day.
Japanese: 翌天智天皇10年（671年）1月5日には、天皇の勅命により神事を宣べるとともに、同日に右大臣に任じられた。
English: Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) was assigned as Dajo daijin (Grand Minister), SOGA no Akae as Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and SOGA no Hatayasu, Kose no hito and KI no Ushi were assigned as Gyoshi taifu (a chief of controlling the officials).
Japanese: 同時に大友皇子（弘文天皇）が太政大臣に、蘇我赤兄が左大臣に、蘇我果安、巨勢人、紀大人が御史大夫に任命された。
English: In November of the same year, Emperor Tenchi became seriously ill, and when Prince Oama (Emperor Tenmu) entered into priesthood and traveled to Yoshino, NAKATOMI no Kane saw the Prince off to the Todo (present Uji City) with SOGA no Akae and Hatayasu.
Japanese: 同じ年の10月に天智天皇が重病となり、大海人皇子（天武天皇）が出家して吉野に赴いたとき、中臣金は蘇我赤兄、果安とともに皇子を莬道（現宇治市）まで見送った。
English: On November 23 (old calender), Emperor Kobun, and Sadaijin, Udaijin, and Gyoshi taifu noted above, pledged to obey 'Imperial decree' in front of the textile budda in the western hall in the Imperial palace.
Japanese: 11月23日、弘文天皇と上記の左右大臣、御史大夫は、内裏の西殿の織物仏の前で「天皇の詔」を守ることを誓った。