nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, operation in the section between the Torikai rail yard and Shin-Osaka Station is made an exception, because the section is used by trains on the Sanyo Shinkansen line for entering and exiting the yard.
Japanese: ただし、鳥飼車両基地-新大阪駅間は山陽新幹線の出入庫の関係上、例外となっている）。
English: For the section to the north of Morioka on the Tohoku Shinkansen line and for that to the west of Karuizawa on the Nagano Shinkansen line, the introduction of mini-Shinkansen lines were investigated.
Japanese: 東北新幹線盛岡以北、及び長野新幹線の軽井沢以西はミニ新幹線として建設することも検討された。
English: However, for the reasons that the line distances are short and trains on the lines are not operated at high speeds, these lines are dealt with regular railway lines.
Japanese: しかしながらが、距離が短く高速運転を行わないなどといった理由で在来線扱いになっている。
English: However, because the train-cars and facilities used are for Shinkansen, the trains running on these lines are handled as general 'limited express' and an extra ticket for the limited express must be purchased in addition to an ordinary ticket to ride them.
Japanese: しかし車両や設備は新幹線のものであるため、同線を走る列車は一般の「特別急行列車」扱いとされ、乗車の際に特別急行券を乗車券の他に要する。
English: The trains on the Hakata Minami (Hakata South) line are the only limited expresses with no nickname provided.
Japanese: また博多南線の列車はJRにおける列車愛称がない唯一の特急列車ともなる。
English: The Hakata Minami line: 8.5 km between Hakata Station and Hakata Minami Station (the railway line for transporting deadheads to the railway yard is used for transporting passengers as well) (operated by JR West).
Japanese: 博多南線博多駅-博多南駅間8.5km（車両基地への回送線を旅客化）（JR西日本）
English: The Joetsu Line (a branch line): 1.6 km between Echigo-Yuzawa Station and the Gala Yuzawa Station (the railway line for maintenance is used for transporting passengers as well.)
Japanese: 上越線（支線）越後湯沢駅-ガーラ湯沢駅間1.6km（保守用の専用鉄道を旅客化。）
English: Although a non-reserved limited express ticket costs \840 even for a short distance ride, for example, between Tokyo Station and Ueno Station or between Tokyo Station and Shinagawa Station on the Shinkansen line, a limited express ticket for these sections costs \100, the lowest of JR limited express tickets, because only trains dealt with on regular railway lines run on these sections.
Japanese: 新幹線では、東京駅から上野駅・品川駅などの短距離区間でも自由席特定特急料金が840円となるのに対し、この区間は在来線特急扱いの列車しか走らないこともあり、特定特急料金がJRの特急料金では最低の100円となる。
English: New railway lines with Shinkansen specifications, sometimes called 'Super-limited express method' (-based lines), indicate lines constructed in the following way, and train-cars on regular railway lines run on them: The structures, such as railway beds and tunnels, are constructed in Shinkansen specifications, and 1.067 mm gauge rails are laid.
Japanese: 新幹線鉄道規格新線とは、路盤・トンネルなどの構造物を新幹線規格で建設し、軌間1,067mmのレールを敷設して在来線の車両を走らせるもので、「スーパー特急方式」とも呼ばれる。
English: The rails are now fixed with bolts to make the gauge 1.067 mm, but a three-rail system will be introduced when the Hokkaido Shinkansen is constructed.
Japanese: 現在は1,067mmにボルトで固定してあるが、北海道新幹線の建設後は三線軌条となる予定。
English: Even the old-type limited express manufactured in the era of JNR can run at a speed of 140 km/h (ordinarily, the highest speed is limited to 120 km/h) inside the Seikan tunnel, and the ATC-L type automatic train control device, compatible with the analog ATC used in Shinkansen, is employed (however, each JR company is digitizing the ATC system, and it is highly likely that the ATC-L will be replaced with a digital ATC after the construction of the Hokkaido Shinkansen line is completed).
Japanese: 青函トンネル内は国鉄時代に製造された旧型特急車両（通常制限最高速度120km/h）でも140km/h現示まで出せ、新幹線のアナログATCと互換性のある自動列車制御装置ATC-L形を採用している（ただしJR各社はATCシステムのデジタル化を進めており、北海道新幹線建設後は置き換えられる可能性が高い）。
English: With the slopes within ±15&permil and with the radii of the curves around R6500, the specifications meet those of Shinkansen.
Japanese: なお、勾配は±15&permil以内、カーブ半径もR6500程度と、新幹線規格の範囲で抑えている。
English: The current aerial power line voltage is 20 KVAC, but is scheduled to be raised to 25 kVAC when the operation of the Shinkansen line starts.
Japanese: 架線電圧は現在は交流20kVであるが、新幹線開業時に25kVに昇圧予定である。
English: However, in the Washu-zan tunnel and on the Seto-Ohashi Bridge, only the space enabling the provision of a four-track line, including the Shinkansen tracks and regular railway tracks, has been secured, and the railways for the Shinkansen line have not been laid yet.
Japanese: 但し児島駅-宇多津駅間の鷲羽山トンネルと瀬戸大橋は新幹線と在来線の複々線にできる空間が確保されているだけで、新幹線用の線路は未敷設である。
English: Some slopes and curves in the present section between the Chayamachi Station and the Kojima Station do not meet Shinkansen specifications.
Japanese: 茶屋町駅-児島駅間は一部で勾配やカーブが新幹線規格に適合していない区間がある。
English: The Nagasaki route of the Kyushu Shinkansen line is being constructed in the super-limited express method, and to use existing regular railways in some sections of the route, and there is also investigation into modifying them.
Japanese: 九州新幹線長崎ルートについてはスーパー特急方式で建設中で、一部区間は在来線を改良して乗り入れることも検討されている。
English: The construction of some sections of the Hokuriku Shinkansen line and the construction of those of the Konoshima route of the Kyushu Shinkansen line were started in the super-limited express method, but later, their specifications were changed to full Shinkansen ones.
Japanese: また、北陸新幹線と九州新幹線鹿児島ルートの一部はスーパー特急方式で着工されたが、後にフル規格に変更された。
English: The Hokkaido Shinkansen line: between Shin-Aomori Station and Shin-Hakodate Station, 148.9 km (scheduled to start its operation in the 2015 fiscal year)
Japanese: 北海道新幹線新青森駅-新函館駅間148.9km（2015年度開業予定）
English: The Hokuriku Shinkansen line: from Nagano Station to Kanazawa Station to the Hakusan sogo railway yard (comprehensive Hakusan railway yard) (scheduled to start its operation in the 2014 fiscal year: The start of construction of Fukui Station (located in Fukui Prefecture) corresponding to the reform of the Station house for the Echizen railway line is included.)
Japanese: 北陸新幹線長野駅-金沢駅-白山総合車両基地間（2014年度開業予定・えちぜん鉄道の駅舎改良に伴う福井駅(福井県)の着工を含む）
English: The Kagoshima route of the Kyushu Shinkansen line: between Hakata Station and Shin-Yatsushiro Station, 129.9 km (scheduled to start its operation in the 2010 fiscal year)
Japanese: 九州新幹線鹿児島ルート博多駅-新八代駅間129.9km（2010年度末開業予定）
English: The Nagasaki route of the Kyushu Shinkansen line: between Shin-Tosu Station and Takeo-Onsen Station, and between Isahaya Station and Nagasaki Station (located in Nagasaki Prefecture) (for the section between Hizen-Yamaguchi Station and Takeo-Onsen Station, there are investigations to make the existing regular line a two-track line)
Japanese: 九州新幹線長崎ルート新鳥栖駅-武雄温泉駅、諫早駅-長崎駅(長崎県)間（肥前山口駅-武雄温泉駅間については在来線複線化を検討中）
English: Based on the National Shinkansen Network Law enforced in 1970, the following Shinkansen lines are listed in the basic plan, which was compiled for determining the Shinkansen routes for which construction was to be started.
Japanese: 1970年に発布された全国新幹線鉄道整備法に基づき、以下の新幹線が建設を開始すべき新幹線鉄道の路線を定める基本計画として挙げられた。
English: However, the start of constructing these lines has been postponed due to the so-called oil-shock and because the business performance of JNR deteriorated.
Japanese: しかしながら、オイルショックや日本国有鉄道の経営悪化などの影響を受けて着工は見送られた。
English: Even today, there appears no prospect that the work to construct these Shinkansen lines will be started, but the voices that desire their construction still remain strong in some quarters.
Japanese: 現在でも着工の目処は全く立っていないものの、一部では建設を望む声が根強く残っている。
English: JR Tokai expresses the intentions to construct this Shinkansen line by itself with the JR-Maglev system and to start its operation in 2025 between the Tokyo metropolitan area and the Chukyo metropolitan area.
Japanese: JR東海がジェイアール式マグレブとして自力で建設する意向を示しており、2025年に首都圏-中京圏間の開業を目指すとしている。
English: However, the work was stopped in 1983, due to the so-called oil-shock, difficulties in obtaining necessary land and strong protests against its construction by autonomous bodies along the line.
Japanese: しかしながら、オイルショックの影響や、用地取得の困難、沿線自治体の建設反対運動が激しかったこともあり、1983年に工事は中止された。
English: The facilities that had been constructed were used by the Narita Airport Rapid Railway (Airport Branch Line of the Narita Line), and Tokyo Station on the Keiyo line was constructed later in the space where the Tokyo Station for the Shinkansen line was to be constructed.
Japanese: 建設済みの施設は成田空港高速鉄道線（成田線空港支線）に転用され、新幹線の東京駅が建設される予定だったスペースには京葉線東京駅が後に建設された。
English: By the way, Shigefumi MATSUZAWA, governor of Kanagawa Prefecture, and Kensaku MORITA, who has become governor of Chiba Prefecture advocating 'Constructing a maglev between Haneda and Narita' as an election pledge, are investigating the initiation of a maglev investigation committee.
Japanese: なお、松沢成文神奈川県知事や、公約に「羽田-成田リニア」を掲げて当選した千葉県知事の森田健作がリニア検討委員会を発足を検討している。
English: This line was planned to be constructed using linear motor cars, but its construction has been integrated into the plan of the Chuo Shinkansen line described above (for using the experimental maglev line facilities effectively).
Japanese: リニアモーターカーで建設される計画だったが、前述した中央新幹線の計画（リニア実験線の活用）と統合された。
English: The construction was cancelled (because the Joetsu Shinkansen line was connected to the Tohoku Shinkansen line at Omiya Station), but for some sections of the line, the necessary land has been procured, with space for the underground Station acquired as well (Shinjuku Station of the Shinjuku line of the Toei metropolitan subway, that of the Keio Shinsen line (the new Keio line), and that of Shinjuku Station of the Oedo line of the Toei metropolitan subway are constructed in deeper places to avoid the Station space for the Joetsu Shinkansen line).
Japanese: 建設中止（東北新幹線に乗り入れ）となったが、一部区間では用地買収が済んでおり、新宿駅地下にもスペースが確保されている（都営地下鉄新宿線と京王新線、都営地下鉄大江戸線の新宿駅は上越新幹線の駅空間を避けるために深い位置に作られている）。
English: There is the opinion that the construction work for this section of the line should be restarted, because, when the projected Shinkansen lines start operations, it may occur that the traffic capacity between Omiya and Tokyo and that at Tokyo Station become inadequate.
Japanese: 整備新幹線開業後の大宮-東京間及び東京駅の容量逼迫に備えてこの区間の建設を再開すべきだという意見がある。
English: However, the blank space along the elevated Saikyo line is a buffer zone called 'environmental space,' which has been provided taking into account noise-related problems, and is not land acquired for extending the Shinkansen line.
Japanese: ただし、埼京線高架沿いの空き地は「環境空間」と呼ばれる騒音問題を考慮して設けられた緩衝地帯であり、延伸のために確保された用地ではない。
English: Even in the official documents that were handed over from JNR to JR corresponding to the privatization of JNR in 1987, it is described that 'A two-tier elevated structure should be provided on the Omiya side.'
Japanese: 1987年の国鉄民営化に伴い、国鉄からJRに引き継がれた公文書でも「大宮側は二重高架とすること」が記されている。
English: On the Tokaido Shinkansen line and the Sanyo Shinkansen line, which are operated by JR Tokai and JR West, respectively, the nickname of a train is given based on its operating speed, and on the Shinkansen line operated by JR East, it is given corresponding to its operating direction or its destination.
Japanese: 新幹線の列車愛称はJR東海・西日本が運営している東海道・山陽新幹線では速度別に付けられているが、JR東日本が運営している路線では方向・目的地別に付けられている。
English: When E1 series Shinkansen train-cars or E4 series Shinkansen train-cars, so-called 'Max' train-cars, are used, 'Max' is attached to the nickname.
Japanese: 新幹線E1系電車・新幹線E4系電車「Max(鉄道車両)」を使用する場合は列車愛称の前に「Max」が付く。
English: Only one nickname is used for the trains used on the Nagano Shinkansen line of JR East and those on the Kyushu Shinkansen line.
Japanese: JR東日本の長野新幹線およびJR九州が運営している九州新幹線は単一愛称である。
English: N700 series Shinkansen train-cars, 700 series Shinkansen train-cars or 500 series Shinkansen train-cars are used, with 300 series Shinkansen train-cars used on rare occasions on a temporary basis.
Japanese: 新幹線N700系電車、新幹線700系電車、新幹線500系電車、まれに臨時で新幹線300系電車が使用される。
English: Initially, Hikari stopped only at stations in large cities, and was the synonym for super-limited express in contrast to Kodama trains that stopped at every station on the line.
Japanese: 当初は大都市駅のみに停車し、各駅停車の「こだま」に対して超特急の代名詞であった。
English: However, for convenience, Hikari trains came to stop at stations that are not used by many passengers as well, and after the Nozomi trains were introduced, have come to be defined as the trains that are neither Nozomi nor Kodama.
Japanese: しかし利便性から徐々に乗降客数の少ない駅の停車が増やされ、「のぞみ」が加わった以降では「のぞみ」でも「こだま」（各駅停車）でもない列車という定義になる。
English: On the Sanyo Shinkansen line, trains called "Hikari Rail Star" have been introduced based on customer needs.
Japanese: 山陽新幹線では”ひかりレールスター”と呼ばれる、顧客ニーズに応える形で登場した列車も運行されている。
English: 700 series Shinkansen train-cars and 300 series Shinkansen train-cars are used mainly, with a few N700 series Shinkansen train-cars and 500 series train-cars (on an irregular basis) also used.
Japanese: 主として700系、300系、一部でN700系、500系（不定期）が使用される。
English: For some of the Kodama trains that are operated in early morning hours or in late evening hours, 'Local train: No reserved seat is available' or 'No reserved seat is available' is written in the time tables.
Japanese: 早朝、深夜のものには、時刻表に「普通車全車自由席」や「全車自由席」と書かれたものがある。
English: In addition to 700 series Shinkansen train-cars and 300 series Shinkansen train-cars, N700 series Shinkansen train-cars are used between Hamamatsu Station/Mishima Station and Tokyo Station on the Tokaido Shinkansen line two times every day, and on the Sanyo Shinkansen line, 500 series train-cars (seven train-car group), 100 series Shinkansen train-cars are also used, with 700 series 7000-7999 Shinkansen train-cars for Hikari Rail Star used for a few Kodama trains in early morning hours or in late night hours.
Japanese: 700系、300系が使われるほか、N700系が東海道新幹線では浜松駅・三島駅-東京駅間に日に2本、山陽新幹線では500系（8両編成）、100系、早朝・深夜の一部にひかりレールスター用700系7000番台を使用する列車がある。
English: 0 series Shinkansen train-cars were used until November 30, 2008, and N700 series Shinkansen train-cars were used until March 13, 2009 for the Kodama trains that ran the section between the Kokura Station and the Hakata Station.
Japanese: 2008年11月30日までは0系、2009年3月13日までは小倉駅-博多駅間の区間列車にもN700系が使用されていた。
English: Tsubame (trains)': 800 series Shinkansen train-cars are used, and at Yatsushiro Station, passengers on this train can ride the 'Relay Tsubame' train waiting on the other side of the same platform.
Japanese: 「つばめ(列車)」：新幹線800系電車を使用し、新八代駅で「リレーつばめ」と同一ホーム対面乗り換えを行っている。
English: Hayate (trains)': the trains connecting Tokyo Station to Hachinohe Station (some of them run up to Sendai Station or Morioka Station, with some others operated in the section between Sendai Station and Hachinohe Station).
Japanese: 「はやて(列車)」：東京駅-八戸駅を結ぶ列車（一部は仙台駅・盛岡駅止まりや仙台駅-八戸駅の区間運転がある）。
English: E2 series Shinkansen train-cars and E3 series Shinkansen train-cars (in the Komachi grouping, and for connecting additional train-cars).
Japanese: 新幹線E2系電車、新幹線E3系電車（こまち編成、増結用）が使用されている。
English: Yamabiko (trains)': the trains that run in the southern section of Morioka Station, except the following 'Nasuno' trains described below.
Japanese: 「やまびこ(列車)」：盛岡駅以南を走る列車で、下記の「なすの」を除くもの。
English: In the southern section of Sendai Station, Shinkansen train-cars of any types except E1 series of JR East are used, and E2 series Shinkansen train-cars, E3 series Shinkansen train-cars (in the 'Komachi' organization, and also for connecting additional train-cars), and E4 series Shinkansen train-cars are used in the northern section of Sendai Station.
Japanese: 仙台以南ではE1系以外のJR東日本の全ての形式が使用され、仙台以北はE2系、E3系（こまち編成、増結用）、E4系を使用。
English: Nasuno (trains)': the trains that stop every station between Tokyo Station and Nasu-Shiobara/Koriyama Station (located in Fukushima Prefecture) on the Shinkansen line.
Japanese: 「なすの(列車)」：東京駅-那須塩原駅・郡山駅(福島県)間を走る各駅停車の列車。
English: Komachi (trains)': E3 series Shinkansen train-cars are used: Basically, this train is operated connected to a 'Hayate' train in the southern section of Morioka Station (some Komachi trains run between Akita Station and Sendai Station independently, and are connected to a Hayate train at Sendai Station).
Japanese: 「こまち(列車)」：E3系を使用し、盛岡以南は基本的に「はやて」と併結（一部は秋田駅-仙台駅を単独運転し、仙台ではやてと併結）。
English: Tsubasa (trains)': 400 series Shinkansen train-cars and E3 series 1000 - 1999 Shinkansen train-cars are used, and these train-cars are basically operated connected with E4 series 'MAX Yamabiko' Shinkansen train-cars in the southern section of Fukushima Station (some of them are operated independently in the same section).
Japanese: 「つばさ(列車)」：新幹線400系電車、E3系1000番台を使用し、福島以南は基本的にE4系「MAXやまびこ」と併結（一部は単独運転する）。
English: However, to prevent the name of 'Asahi' from being mistaken for 'Asama' that also ran between Tokyo Station and Takasaki Station, the name of 'Toki' was restored replacing 'Asahi' when the train operation schedules were revised on December 1, 2002.
Japanese: しかしながら、東京駅から高崎駅まで同じ区間を運行する「あさま」との混同を防止するため、2002年12月1日のダイヤ改正で「あさひ」からの改称という形で復活した。
English: Tanigawa (trains)': the trains operated in the southern section of Echigo-Yuzawa Station (or Gala Yuzawa Station in the ski season).
Japanese: 「たにがわ(列車)」：越後湯沢駅（スキーシーズンはガーラ湯沢駅）以南を走る列車。
English: However, some of them pass the Honjo-Waseda Station alone when operated up to the Gala Yuzawa Station in the winter season.
Japanese: しかしながら冬季のガーラ湯沢までの運転の場合、本庄早稲田駅のみ通過する列車もある。
English: This name disappeared because the corresponding trains were merged into 'Nasuno' trains or 'Yamabiko' trains when the train operation schedules were revised on October 1, 1997.
Japanese: 1997年10月1日のダイヤ改正で「なすの」・「やまびこ」へ統合して消滅した。
English: Asahi (trains)': the express (some of them stopped at every station after the Nagano Shinkansen line started its operation).
Japanese: 「あさひ(列車)」：速達型列車（長野新幹線開業後は各駅停車もあった）。
English: Being likely to be mistaken for 'Asama,' the name was replaced with 'Toki' when the train operation schedules were revised on December 1, 2002.
Japanese: 「あさま」と名称が紛らわしいため、2002年12月1日のダイヤ改正で「とき」へ改称された。
English: Since carbon steel was used for the material for the bodies of the train-cars utilized on the Tokaido Shinkansen line and Sanyo Shinkansen line in the era of JNR, such as the 0 series Shinkansen train-cars and 100 series Shinkansen train-cars, the bodies were comparatively heavy.
Japanese: 新幹線0系電車や新幹線100系電車など国鉄時代の東海道・山陽新幹線車両では車体の素材に炭素鋼が使われていたためやや重かった。
English: However, from the 200 series Shinkansen train-cars for the Tohoku and Joetsu Shinkansen line, aluminum alloy was used to make the bodies lighter, so than the body weight did not increase significantly even with snow-combating equipment added.
Japanese: しかしながら、東北・上越新幹線用の新幹線200系電車からは耐雪装備による重量増加を抑えるためアルミニウム合金が用いられて軽量化が図られた。
English: Aluminum has become used in general for the Shinkansen train-cars developed after the privatization of JNR.
Japanese: 国鉄民営化後に開発された新幹線車両はアルミニウム車体が一般化している。
English: In addition, due to the progress of aluminum processing technology, the cost of manufacturing the bodies has been reduced while the body weight is made lighter as well.
Japanese: さらにアルミ材の加工手法の発達により、製作費のコストダウンとさらなる軽量化の両立が図られた。
English: Resultantly, recently developed train-cars are considerably lighter than those developed in the era of JNR.
Japanese: この結果、近年の車両は国鉄時代に開発された初期新幹線車両より著しく軽量化されている。
English: Shinkansen train-cars are currently manufactured by the five companies of Nippon Sharyo, Ltd., Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., Kinki Sharyo Co., Ltd (only for JR West) and Tokyu Car Corporation (only for JR East).
Japanese: なお、新幹線車両の製作を行っているメーカーは現在、日本車輌製造・川崎重工業・日立製作所・近畿車輛（JR西日本のみ）・東急車輛製造（JR東日本のみ）の5社である。
English: On the other hand, as the JR companies have increased the train speeds aggressively after their inauguration, various problems have arisen, such as noise generated from contact between the power collectors and the aerial power supply lines, noise due to wind generated by the fast-moving train-car bodies, and considerable attrition of the portions in contact.
Japanese: 一方で、JR発足以降積極的に行われた高速化に伴い、走行中の集電装置と架線の接触や風切り音による騒音の発生や、接触部の著しい消耗などが問題とされた。
English: Therefore, the number of pantographs are reduced from one every two train-cars in the 0 series Shinkansen train-cars to one every eight train-cars in 300 series Shinkansen train-cars.
Japanese: このため、0系では2両おきに付いていたパンタグラフが新幹線300系電車では8両毎に1つに減った。
English: In addition, T-shaped special pantographs called wing types have been installed for the 500 series Shinkansen train-cars, further increasing the power-collecting efficiency.
Japanese: そのほか、新幹線500系電車では翼型と呼ばれるT字型の特殊なパンタグラフが設置されるなど改良されて、集電効率も向上した。
English: Getting a hint from the fact that the sound generated by the wings of flying birds of the owl order is smaller than that of birds of other orders, a streamline protrusion has been attached to the pantographs.
Japanese: また、フクロウ目の羽ばたく音が他の鳥と比べ静かであることをヒントに、パンタグラフに流線型の突起物を取り付けるなどの改良も加えられた。
English: Furthermore, when a train enters a tunnel at a high speed, noise is generated due to a rapid air pressure change (air-pressure wave) inside the tunnel, and it is necessary to hold down the amount of the noise.
Japanese: その他、高速でのトンネルの突入時のトンネル内部の急激な気圧変化による騒音（トンネル微気圧波）の発生を抑える必要がある。
English: Therefore, the head shape of the front-positioned train-car has been developed considering the aerodynamics in running conditions and the head area-changing rate in entering a tunnel.
Japanese: そのため、走行時の空気の流動性やトンネル進入時の面積変化率を考えた先端車両の開発などが行われている。
English: Consequently, the length of the head portion has become longer, compared with that of the initial 0 series Shinkansen train-cars, and in addition, the shape has become quite different from those of ordinary train-cars (becoming sharp and streamline, like a duckbill).
Japanese: しただって、初期の0系に比べ先頭車先端部が長く伸ばされるとともに、通常の電車とは著しく異なった形態（鋭い流線型やカモノハシのような形）を呈する傾向にある。
English: Even for Shinkansen, regular maintenance of the train-cars is necessary, and railway yards are provided at various locations along the lines (for more information about the check items, refer to "Checks on train-cars").
Japanese: 新幹線においても定期的な車両整備を要する事から、沿線各地には車両基地が置かれている（検査項目についての詳細は鉄道車両の検査を参照の事）。
English: Therefore, due to constraints originating in low standards, high-speed operations of trains as in Europe and the United States were inconceivable.
Japanese: そのため、その規格の低さに制約を受け、欧米の鉄道のような高速運転とは無縁であった。
English: The maximum speed remained at 100 km/h or less from the 1910s to 1950s.
Japanese: 最高速度は1910年代から1950年代まで100km/h以下に留まっていた。
English: Changing the gauge to the standard one was proposed many times in the era from the Meiji period to the Taisho period.
Japanese: そこで標準軌に改軌する提案も、明治から大正にかけて何度か出されていた。
English: In the end, the standard gauge failed to be introduced due to political struggles or cost problems (also refer to "disputes about gauges in Japan").
Japanese: しかしながら、政争や予算問題などから結局実現しなかった（日本の改軌論争も参照）。
English: In the 1910s, a plan to construct 'the Japan electric railway,' a new high-speed railway based on electric train-cars between Tokyo and Osaka, was proposed from the private sector, but failed to be implemented because the national government did not approve of it.
Japanese: また1910年代には、東京-大阪間に電車による高速新路線「日本電気鉄道」を敷設する計画が民間から出されたが、国の許可するところとならず、実現には至っていない。
English: The development of realistic high-speed trains in Japan was started by South Manchuria Railways (so-called Mantetsu), which laid railways across Manchuria (the present northeast part of China) that was under control of Japan at that time.
Japanese: 日本における現実的な高速列車開発は、日本の勢力下に在った満州（現在の中国東北部）を縦断する南満州鉄道（満鉄）に始まる。
English: This company was operated with capital and technology from Japan and by the executives and engineers who were mostly Japanese, and therefore, it is not too much to say that the railways were Japan-owned.
Japanese: 同社は日本の資本と技術により運営されており、ほとんどの幹部・技術者が日本人で、実質的に日本の鉄道と言っても過言ではない。
English: However, the railways were laid with high standards employing the international standard 1,435-mm gauge (called the broad gauge in Japan), and in sharp contrast to conservative Japanese Government Railways (JGR), Mantetsu tried to take advanced measures early on in its company history.
Japanese: しかしながら、1,435mmの国際標準軌（日本では広軌と称した）を用いた高規格路線であり、保守的な内地の鉄道省とは一線を画した先進的な試みを早くから行っていた。
English: In 1934, Mantetsu developed streamline-shaped steam locomotives (for express passenger cars for South Manchuria Railways) based on its own design, meeting the trends in Europe and the United States, and for 701 km between Dalian City and Shinkyo (Xingjing) (present Changchun City), started operating the limited-express 'Asia' train, which combined a locomotive with an organization of newly-developed streamline-shaped passenger train-cars (with all of the cars air-conditioned).
Japanese: 1934年、満鉄は自社設計によって当時の欧米の潮流に互した流線形蒸気機関車「南満州鉄道の車両急行旅客用」を開発、これに新開発の流線形客車編成（全車冷暖房完備）を組み合わせ、大連市-新京（現・長春市）間701kmに特急「あじあ号」号を運転開始した。