nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Tenkyokaku, which was a Kaisho at Kitayamadono of Yoshimitsu, was two stories high and the Zen culture could be observed together with its affinity with karamono was well.
Japanese: 義満の北山殿にあった会所、天鏡閣は二階建てであり、これには禅宗文化の影響が見え、唐物との親和性はよかったろう。
English: This was in contrast with tsune no gosho of Japanese styled buildings with Japanese decoration during the gyoko of Kitayamadono.
Japanese: 北山殿行幸のとき、和の建物である常御所の飾りが和物で構成されていたことと対比できる。
English: However, the poetry contest performed during the Mifunegokai was carried out during gyoko and although most decorations at Kitayamadono of Yoshimitsu or Muromachidono of Yoshinori were of karamono, they were not decorations that were Japanese that cannot be compared as dichotomic.
Japanese: だが、その行幸のとき、三船御会の詩歌の会が催されたり、義満の北山殿の会所も義教室町殿の会所も、その飾りつけは唐物がほとんどだが、決して和物といえるものが飾られていないことから、二項対立だけでは語りつくせない。
English: The kaisho of Kitayamadono was said to have a garden at the back and Shariden (a hall that stores the bones of Buddha) with a unique architecture that must have been a colorful and luxurious scenery with various objects for the visiting guest.
Japanese: 北山殿の会所は、奥向きの庭、異質な建物の舎利殿のとなりにあったともいわれているし、訪問した客から見れば、多種多彩なものが一度にはいってくる、豪奢な景色になっていたことだろう。
English: The karamono were decorated in such kaisho, but what about karamono themselves that were used as decoration?
Japanese: そんな会所に唐物は飾られていたわけだが、飾付けに使われた唐物自体はどう見られていたのだろうか。
English: Karamono was the item from Kara (China or Korea) as according to the word, and it was greatly popular as unique goods by the Basara culture such as Gucci and Cartier of modern times and was a nuisance for intellectuals such as Kenko YOSHIDA, but Yoshimitsu favored it and became an authority in that field.
Japanese: 唐物とは文字通り唐渡りの品であり、バサラ文化においては、現代でいうとグッチやカルティエのごときブランド物のように、珍奇なものということで大いにもてはやされ、吉田兼好などの知識人からは煙たがれていたわけだが、これを義満は好み、権威づけていった。
English: There were 'Doyu' and 'Tenzan' of Yoshimitsu, 'Zakkeshitsu' of Yoshinori, and these treasures developed into 'Higashiyama gomotsu' (Imperial treasures owned by the Ashikaga family) of the collection of Yoshimasa.
Japanese: 義満の「道有」、「天山」、義教の「雑華室」であり、これらの印がついた宝物は義政のコレクションである「東山御物」へと発展した。
English: It must have been that goods that gained the prestige of being exhibited at gosho developed a high reputation.
Japanese: 御所に飾られたもの、という箔がついた品は評判高く出回ったことだろう。
English: Here, it could be said that karamono viewed not only the unique goods from kara but 'artwork' that had cultural and artistic values.
Japanese: ここには、唐物を唐渡りの珍奇な品物ではなく、文化的、美的価値のある「美術品」として見る視点が生まれていた、ともいえる。
English: What was meant by cultural was that it had the smell of continental Zen that was popular back then, and artistically the accuracy of Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami, as the judges.
Japanese: 文化的とは当時流行した大陸の禅の匂いであり、美的とは能阿弥、相阿弥、芸阿弥といった同朋衆などの目利きの確かさであった。
English: The karamono stored by shogunke became a noble treasure just by itself and was greatly talked about.
Japanese: 将軍家所蔵の唐物は、それだけで由緒がついた宝物となり、大いにもてはやされた。
English: Monetary value was born for karamono, and was even traded with money that led to the wealth of shogunke.
Japanese: 唐物には金銭的な価値も生まれ、売買取引されることまであり、つまり将軍家への富につながった。
English: Yoshimitsu was the one who created the system concerning karamono, which was organized and utilized during the period of Yoshinori.
Japanese: 唐物にまつわるこのようなシステムをつくったのが義満であり、義教の時代に整備され、活用された。
English: Japan plunged into the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) with advent of the Onin War and Meio Incident.
Japanese: 日本は、応仁の乱や明応の政変を契機として戦国時代(日本)に突入した。
English: The class of bushi and aristocrats, who were the rulers fell and the sengoku daimyo (daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period) and town folks rose to take the place of leading cultural aspects instead.
Japanese: それまで支配者の立場であった武士層・貴族層が没落しだし、代って文化面でも戦国大名、町民が台頭してきた。
English: As a result, Chanoyu zashiki that suited cha no yu developed, and suki zashiki was born as the cultural place to carry out renga (linked poems).
Japanese: より茶の湯に適した建物である茶湯座敷が発展し、連歌を張行する文芸の場としては、数寄座敷が生まれた。
English: Kaisho disappeared by the time of Edo period, and chokaisho (the town meeting place) and Kaishochi (the place of kaisho) was created as the place to gather.
Japanese: そして江戸時代までには会所は姿を消し、寄合の場としては、町会所、会所地と呼ばれるものも出てくる。
English: The tradition as the space of irrelevance changed its shape but stayed the same during the Edo period, and remains even to the present day.
Japanese: 無縁の空間としての伝統は、形を変えて江戸時代にも変らず、また近代まで、そこかしこに残っていたという。
English: Koetsu mura was a village that flourished in arts and crafts, and managed by Koetsu HONAMI during the early Edo Period.
Japanese: 光悦村（こうえつむら）は、本阿弥光悦らが営んだ江戸時代初期の芸術村。
English: Koetsu HONAMI gathered artisans and artists from machi-shu (towns people) of various fields in Takagamine, Kyoto, which he received from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and subsequently build a unique culture.
Japanese: 本阿弥光悦が、江戸幕府から与えられた、京都の鷹ヶ峰の地に、さまざまな分野の、町衆の文化人や職人、芸術家たちを集めて、独自の文化を築きあげた。
English: Kogi (also referred to as Kugi) is the term used for "official authority" in the middle and early modern ages.
Japanese: 公儀（こうぎ/くうぎ）とは、中世・近世において公権力を指して用いた言葉。
English: Originally, the word "Kuge" meant "Oyake" or the Imperial Court and the Emperor, but after the establishment of the "Buke", or military administration and the new official authority that arose through private management in the manorial system, the word "Kogi" was used to differentiate from the "Buke", the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 本来、公家という言葉が「おおやけ」すなわち朝廷及び天皇を指していたが、領主制による私的支配に由来する新たな公権力である武家政権成立後に武家である幕府及び征夷大将軍と区別するために公儀という言葉も用いられるようになった。
English: Eventually, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), due to the conflict between the Muromachi bakufu (buke) which supported the Northern Court and the Yoshino Court (kuge), both sides called their official authority "Kogi", which led to the use of Kogi towards the bakufu and shogun as well.
Japanese: やがて、南北朝時代(日本)に入ると、北朝(日本)を擁する室町幕府（武家側）と南朝(日本)の吉野朝廷（公家側）の対立によって、自己が所属する公権力側を「公儀」と呼ぶようになり、その結果幕府や将軍に対しても公儀が用いられるようになった。
English: Kogi became the general term for official authority in the period of governmental instability in towards the end of the Toyotomi administration, and in the Edo Period, Kogi started to indicate the Edo bakufu which was the only unified authority that mediated the power struggles among the feudal lords.
Japanese: 豊臣政権末期の政情不安定期に公権力を漠然と公儀と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、江戸時代に入ると統一政権で諸領主権力間の唯一の利害調整機関となった江戸幕府を指して公儀と呼ばれるようになった。
English: However, the tradition to call the local landlord, or clan as Kogi remained and to recognize the bakufu as 'the kogi of kogi', it was especially called O-kogi (great official authority) after the Kanei Era.
Japanese: ただし、地域領主である藩などを指して公儀と呼ぶ習慣も残り、幕府のことを「公儀の公儀」と認めて特に大公儀（おおこうぎ）とも呼ぶようになったのは寛永以後と言われている。
English: However, the relationship between public and private was ambiguous at that time, and although the upper authorities were Kogi from the viewpoint of the common people and lower authorities, the upper authorities viewed the common people and lower authorities as Watakushi (private) and as the landlord, connected by private dominance.
Japanese: ただし、当時の公私関係は曖昧であり、一般民衆及び下位権力から見て上位権力は公儀であったが、上位権力から見て一般民衆及び下位権力は領主としての私的支配によって結び付けられた「わたくし」の存在であった。
English: Seken (the world) was a place where Oyake (higher rank) and Watakushi (lower rank) mixed and in some cases it was also called Kogi (because it included the upper authorities).
Japanese: また、世間とは公（上位）と私（下位）が交錯する世界であり、そこに対しても（上位権力をも対象に含むことから）公儀と呼称する場合もあった。
English: Even now, the use of Kogi to mean 'Seken (the world)' or 'Sekentei (decency)' is a vestige of such usage.
Japanese: 今日でも「世間」・「世間体」のことを公儀と呼ぶ用法が残っているのもその名残であるとも言える。
English: The reisen was originally a gift money presented from Shugo Daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), temples and shrines in celebrations such as the appointment of Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") at the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 礼銭（れいせん）とは、本来は室町幕府において征夷大将軍の任命などの祝い事の際に守護大名や寺社などから献上された祝い金のこと。
English: The reisen was later called the ikkonryo to indicate the gifts (money or goods) presented to the Muromachi bakufu, the Imperial Court, Shugo Daimyo, and the government officials working for them in exchange for receiving a government post or a favorable ruling in a lawsuit.
Japanese: だが、後には一献料（いっこんりょう）とも呼ばれて、官職や訴訟における有利な判決と引き換えに謝礼として室町幕府や朝廷、守護大名、あるいはそれらに仕える役人達に対して献上される金品を指した。
English: In a state before the modern era, rights did not belong to the people, but they were types of favors given to those in power such as a state for their distinguished services.
Japanese: 近代以前の国家においては、権利は人民には有せず国家など権力を保有する者に対する功労の恩典として授けられる性質のものであった。
English: As a result, everyone from Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) to commoners thought it a natural courtesy and righteous judgment to present something beneficial such as money or goods in return when he/she was given a right by the higher authority.
Japanese: このため、大名から民衆に至るまで上位の権力者から権利を授かれば、お礼として金品など実際の利益となる物を献上することが当然の礼儀・道理と考えられていたのである。
English: In short, it is necessary to bear in mind that the line between the reisen and bribery was subtle and ambiguous in the legal concepts before the modern era.
Japanese: つまり、近代以前の法観念においては礼銭と賄賂の境界線は微妙で曖昧であったことに留意する必要がある。
English: This kind of custom had existed since ancient times, and then, in the Kamakura period, a party to a suit often invited those in charge of the case to a drinking party to receive a favorable sentence.
Japanese: こうした慣習は古代から存在したが、鎌倉時代には訴訟当事者が有利な判決を得るために担当者を宴会に招く事がしばしば行われていた。
English: In the Muromachi and Sengoku (warring states) periods, the Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu were in severe financial difficulties, and as a result, the reisen as a gratuity was expected to be presented as a condition for receiving the documents of awarding government posts and official positions as well as of the tsugime ando (receiving again the ando-jo, or document to authorize the ownership and control of the shoryo, or territory, in case of appointment of Shogun); before long, the logic was changed, and whether the documents were issued or not came to depend on the amount of the reisen presented.
Japanese: 室町時代・戦国時代(日本)の朝廷・室町幕府の財政基盤が大変弱かった事から、官職・役職への補任や継目安堵（将軍の就任に際して引き続き所領安堵の安堵状を得る事）の文書発給条件として謝礼としての礼銭の献上が期待されるようになり、いつしか論理がすり替わって礼銭の献上の多寡によって発給の是非が決定されるようになっていったのである。
English: When the financial conditions of the Imperial Court and the bakufu greatly worsened, to present the reisen was required for those who asked for various kinds of privileged rights such as: tax exemption including the tansen (a kind of provisional tax in medieval Japan) and the hanzei (tax system in which the Muromachi bakufu allowed Shugo, or military governors, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund); issuance of the kinsei seisatsu (notice of banning orders on a street bulletin board); ban on the construction or abolition of a sekisho (checking station); granting of commercial privileges such as the za (privileged guild); or support for a lawsuit.
Japanese: 朝廷や幕府財政の悪化が深刻になると、段銭・半済などの課役免除や禁制制札の発給、関所の新設廃止、座などの商業上の特権付与、訴訟に対する支持など様々な権利を求める人々に対して礼銭を求めるようになった。
English: At the same time, those asking for privileged rights willingly offered the reisen, expecting to receive favorable treatment.
Japanese: また権利を求める側も自己への有利な取り計らいに期待してこれを積極的に献上した。
English: This trend was established in the whole society among Shugo daimyo, lords of the manor, leaders of the soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing associations), prominent merchants such as the doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders), and even commoners.
Japanese: この風潮は守護大名から荘園領主、惣村指導者、土倉などの有力商人、果ては一般民衆まで社会全体に定着した。
English: The targets for the reisen also widely ranged from Shugo daimyo ruling the ryoseikoku (province), the Imperial Court, the bakufu, powerful figures having influence over Shugo (provincial constable), Court nobles, Shugodai (deputy of Shugo), even to government officials in charge of actual administrative and legal practices such as the bugyoshu (group of magistrates).
Japanese: その献上対象も令制国を治める守護大名をはじめとして、朝廷や幕府、守護に影響のある実力者、公家や守護代、奉行衆などの実際の行政・訴訟実務の担当官吏にまで広がっていった。
English: The reisen is said to have been a major source of income especially for Court nobles and the bugyoshu (group of magistrates) with financial hardships to sustain their lives.
Japanese: 特に家計的に苦しかった公家や奉行衆などにとっては生活を維持するための有力な収入源でさえあったとされている。
English: In the legal procedures, in particular, at that time, a party to a suit requested a hearing on certain dates and the person in charge of the case such as a magistrate decided on whether to approve the dates; thus, the lawsuit was likely to stop for years if he rejected the request.
Japanese: 特に当時の訴訟手続は、訴訟当事者からの開催要求に対して奉行人などの訴訟担当者がその日程の可否を決めるという手続を取っていたため、担当者が拒絶すれば何年も訴訟が中断される恐れがあった。
English: This caused one to offer the reisen just to start a lawsuit before presenting the reisen to receive a favorable ruling.
Japanese: このため、訴訟を有利にする礼銭の前に訴訟そのものを開催するための礼銭が必要となる有様となった。
English: The reisen and ikkenryo were openly booked as expenses for lawsuits on the financial records at that time, and also there is a record that in the lawsuit arising from a dispute between villages, the lord of the manor where the village belonged to paid the reisen and ikkenryo for the village and charged them later.
Japanese: 当時の財務記録には訴訟のために経費として役人などへの礼銭・一献料の存在が公然と計上され、また村同士のいさかいによる訴訟では村が属する荘園領主が礼銭・一献料を立て替えて後日村側に請求した記録も残されている。
English: The Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu issued an order to prohibit those in charge of cases from accepting the reisen, but it had no effect since the Imperial Court and the bakufu themselves received large sum of reisen.
Japanese: 朝廷や室町幕府は訴訟担当者が礼銭を取る事を禁じる命令を出したが、当の朝廷や幕府が高額な礼銭の受領者であり、その効果は全くなかった。
English: Since the Onin War, furthermore, Court nobles and the bugyoshu, whose shoryo in rural area were usurped by Daimyo in the Sengoku period and the kokujin (local samurai), lost their income and were too poor to sustain their lives without the income of the reisen, making it difficult to even issue a ban on the reisen.
Japanese: 更に応仁の乱以後になると、地方にあった公家や奉行衆の所領が戦国大名や国人達の押領を受けて収入が途絶え、礼銭収入無しでは日常生活も送れないほどの経済的苦境にも陥っていたため、禁令を出すこと自体が困難となってしまった。
English: It was not until the establishment of the Edo bakufu, which formed a unified government and was engaged in creating a sound financial footing and the samurai code, that the reisen was considered to be a bribe and strictly prohibited.
Japanese: 礼銭が賄賂とみなして厳しく禁じられるのは統一的権力を打ちたて、強力な財政基盤と武士道の涵養に尽力した江戸幕府の成立以後の事になる。
English: In the Edo bakufu, however, the 'sokushu' (initiation fees) that Koke (government position in charge of rituals and ceremonies) received from Daimyo when teaching manners can be considered to be a type of reisen officially recognized by the bakufu; in fact, it is possible to assume that the fight between Naganori ASANO and Yoshihisa KIRA in the first scene of the "Chusingura" (The treasury of Loyal Retainers) was over the nature of the 'sokushu.'
Japanese: その江戸幕府においても高家が大名に礼儀作法を伝授する際に受け取る「束脩」などは一種の幕府公認の礼銭であり、かの『忠臣蔵』の最初の場面である浅野長矩と吉良義央の遣り取りも実は「束脩」の性質を巡るトラブルと考える事も可能である。
English: It is also possible to suppose that the issues of bribery and corruption kept appearing from the Edo bakufu through and after the Meiji government because people had been accustomed to the concept of the reisen and not felt so guilty for a long time.
Japanese: また、長年続いた礼銭の観念から賄賂に対する罪悪感は希薄な状態が続き、江戸幕府そして明治政府以後に至るまでこうした賄賂や買収を巡る問題が絶えない一因とも考えられるのである。
English: The following were the major ones: 'toritugi-sen,' 'han-sen,' 'seisatsu-sen,' 'origami-sen,' 'hikei,' 'shuko-ryo,' and 'ikkon-sen.'
Japanese: 主なものでも「取次銭」・「判銭」・「制札銭」・「折紙銭」・「秘計」・「酒肴料」・「一献銭」などがあった。
English: Prince Mochihito's uprising was an incident that occurred in 1180 (Jisho 4), when Prince Mochihito (also Prince Takakura and Prince Sanjo), with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, planned to raise an army and overthrow the Taira clan (who were then in power); Mochihito issued a command urging the Minamoto clan warriors in all provinces together with the forces of the great temples and shrines to rise up against the Taira clan.
Japanese: 以仁王の挙兵（もちひとおうのきょへい）は治承4年（1180年）に以仁王（高倉宮・三条宮）と源頼政が打倒平氏のための挙兵を計画し、諸国の源氏や大寺社に蜂起を促す令旨を発した事件。
English: Due to inadequate preparations, however, their plot was discovered, and the Taira clan received an Imperial decree to track them down and kill them; Prince Mochihito and Yorimasa both died at the Battle of Byodo-in temple in Uji, and the rebellion was suppressed while still at an early stage.
Japanese: 準備不足のために露見して追討を受け、以仁王と頼政は宇治平等院の戦いで敗死、早期に鎮圧された。
English: However, the uprising provided an opportunity for forces throughout the provinces that opposed the Taira clan to mobilize, leading to the breakout of the Genpei War (the war between the Minamoto and the Taira; in Japanese it is called the Jisho-Juei War, so named for the two eras in which it occurred), an uprising that was truly countrywide in scale.
Japanese: しかしこれを契機に諸国の反平氏勢力が兵を挙げ、全国的な動乱である治承・寿永の乱が始まる。
English: In 1167, Kiyomori reached the highest position in the country, that of Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state).
Japanese: 仁安_(日本)2年（1167年）には清盛は太政大臣にまで登りつめる。
English: In 1171, Kiyomori installed his daughter, TAIRA no Tokuko, as imperial consort (de facto Empress) to Emperor Takakura.
Japanese: 承安(日本)元年（1171年）、清盛は娘の平徳子を高倉天皇に入内させた。
English: The Taira clan's fortune steadily grew thanks to their management of the provinces in which they were enfiefed and to Japan's trade with Song China, until there were over 10 Taira family members among Kugyo (the top court officials), as well as more than 30 tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace).
Japanese: 平氏一門は知行国支配と日宋貿易で財を増し、10数名の公卿、殿上人30数名を占めるに至る。
English: It was the Taira's moment of ascendancy, during which, as recorded in the "Heike monogatari" (Tale of the Taira Clan), 'Nothing happened for anyone save by the will of the Taira family.'
Japanese: 『平家物語』に云ういわゆる「平家にあらずんば人に非ず」の全盛期となった。
English: This state of affairs had aroused resentment among many within the imperial court, until in 1170, the conflict between the Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO and TAIRA no Shigemori escalated into violence (the "Riding together in His Highness's Carriage" incident).
Japanese: これには朝廷内部でも不満を持つものが多く、嘉応2年（1170年）には摂政・松殿基房と平重盛との間で暴力沙汰に発展した紛争が起きている（殿下乗合事件）。
English: In 1177 the Shishigatani Conspiracy was launched, as a result of which several of the group of close retainers to the cloistered emperor, including FUJIWARA no Narichika, TAIRA no Yasuyori, and the monks Saiko and Shunkan were executed, and suspicions about cloistered emperor Goshirakawa's possible involvement in the plot were raised as well.
Japanese: 治承元年（1177年）には鹿ヶ谷の陰謀が起き、藤原成親、平康頼、西光、俊寛ら院近臣多数が処罰され、後白河法皇も事件への関与を疑われた。
English: In the twelfth month (eleventh month in old lunar calender) of 1178, Empress Tokuko gave birth to a boy (the soon-to-be Emperor Antoku), who was immediately invested as crown prince Tokihito.
Japanese: 治承2年（1178年）11月、中宮徳子は安徳天皇を産み、直ちに立太子された。
English: Then in the twelfth month (eleventh month in old lunar calender) of 1179, beginning with the succession dispute over the Konoe family's territory, Kiyomori eventually led soldiers in a raid into Kyoto and launched a coup d'etat.
Japanese: 治承3年（1179年）11月、近衛家の所領継承問題に端を発し、ついに清盛は兵を率いて京都へ乱入してクーデターを断行。
English: Cloistered emperor Goshirakawa was put under house arrest at Toba Palace, while his Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Motofusa was dismissed from his post and banished, and 39 of his close retainers were relieved of their official duties (in what became known as the Jisho Coup, so named because it occurred in the third year of the Jisho era).
Japanese: 法皇は鳥羽殿に幽閉され、関白・基房は解任・配流、院近臣39名が解官された（治承三年の政変）。
English: Following this, in the third month (second month in old lunar calendar) of 1180, Emperor Takakura abdicated, and prince Tokihito, the boy that Empress Tokuko had given birth to, was raised to the throne (as Emperor Antoku).
Japanese: そして治承4年（1180年）2月、高倉天皇は譲位し、中宮徳子の産んだ言仁親王が即位した（安徳天皇）。
English: He showed remarkable talent in his literary and artistic accomplishments, but due to pressure from the Taira administration, he still had not received an official proclamation of his status as an imperial prince despite being nearly 30, in the prime of his life.
Japanese: 彼は学芸に優れた才人だったが、平氏政権の圧力で30歳近い壮年でなお親王宣下も受けられずにいた。
English: Nonetheless, he enjoyed the backing of the powerful imperial princess Hachijoin Akiko (cloistered emperor Goshirakawa's younger sister by a different mother), who owned enormous shoen (manor in medieval Japan); he was adopted by her, and electing not to take religious vows and become a priest (which would have disqualified him from the imperial succession), he kept his hopes fixed on being raised to the imperial throne.
Japanese: それでも、莫大な荘園をもつ八条院暲子内親王（後白河法皇の異母妹）を後ろ盾に、彼女の猶子となって、出家せずに皇位へ望みをつないでいた。
English: But with the ascension of Emperor Antoku, his hopes had been dashed, and even worse, some of the shoen on which he relied as his financial foundation were confiscated by the government.
Japanese: だが、安徳天皇の即位によってその望みも断たれ、経済基盤である荘園の一部も没収されてしまった。
English: MINAMOTO no Yorimasa was a member of the Settsu Genji (a branch of the Minamoto clan) and traced his lineage back to MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu; as a warrior aristocrat stationed in the capital, whose power base was the ring of provinces surrounding the Kinai (the capital area), he was appointed the Protector of the Interior.
Japanese: 源頼政は源頼光の系譜に連なる摂津源氏で、畿内近国に基盤を持つ京武士として大内守護に任じられていた。
English: Allied with the victorious imperial side during the Hogen war, when the Heiji war broke out he stood on the sidelines and observed, and didn't join with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who was of the Kawachi Genji (descended from MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the younger brother of Yorimitsu), supporting Kiyomori instead.
Japanese: 保元の乱では勝者の天皇方につき、平治の乱では形勢を観望して河内源氏（頼光の弟の源頼信の系統）の源義朝に与せず、清盛に味方した。
English: While the power of the Taira clan was at its zenith, Yorimasa--a Minamoto--continued quietly to maintain his position, and in 1178, on Kiyomori's recommendation, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank).
Japanese: 平氏全盛の中、源氏の頼政は地味な立場であり続けたが、治承2年（1178年）に清盛の推挙により従三位に昇進した。
English: According to the "Heike monogatari," it was because he recited a waka (a 31-syllable classical Japanese poem) lamenting his obscure status that, when Kiyomori learned of it, made him realize 'I forgot about Yorimas' and therefore, he recommended him for promotion.
Japanese: 『平家物語』では、不遇の身を嘆く和歌を詠み、それを知った清盛が、「頼政を忘れていた」と推挙したことになっている。
English: As recorded in "Gyokuyo" (Jewelled Leaves), Kanezane KUJO's diary, 'This was the first unusual occurrence,' and indeed for a warrior not of the Taira clan to be promoted into the ranks of Kugyo (Jusanmi) was quite unusual during this period, and proves the extent to which Kiyomori trusted Yorimasa.
Japanese: 九条兼実が日記『玉葉』に「第一之珍事也」と記しているように、平氏以外の武士が公卿（従三位）となるのは異例で、頼政が清盛に信頼されていたことの証明といえる。
English: At this point Yorimasa was an old man, well into his mid-seventies, and having received his heart's desire, investiture into the third rank, he took the tonsure and became a priest the following year, bequeathing his inheritance to his eldest son and heir, MINAMOTO no Nakatsuna.
Japanese: 頼政はこの時70代半ばを超えた老齢で、念願の三位叙位が叶った翌年には出家して、家督を嫡男の源仲綱に譲った。
English: Theories abound as to the beginnings of and motives behind the stiffening of the resolve of prince Mochihito and Yorimasa to raise an army against the Taira clan.
Japanese: 以仁王と頼政が反平氏を唱えた挙兵の意思を固めた経緯と動機には諸説ある。
English: According to the "Heike monogatari," the motive for the uprising was that Yorimasa's son and heir Nakatsuna had become embroiled in discord with TAIRA no Munemori (Kiyomori's third son) over a horse.
Japanese: 『平家物語』では、挙兵の動機は、頼政の嫡男・仲綱と平宗盛（清盛の三男）の馬をめぐる軋轢ということになっている。
English: Nakatsuna initially refused to part with Konoshita, but Munemori kept insisting, with the whole weight of the Taira clan's power and authority behind him, until at last, after being admonished by his father Yorimasa, Nakatsuna reluctantly handed Konoshita over.
Japanese: 仲綱は断ったが、宗盛は平氏の権勢を傘にしつこく要求し、頼政に諭されて、仲綱はしぶしぶ“木の下”を譲った。
English: But Munemori, displeased that he had not been given the horse immediately, changed its name from "Konoshita" to "Nakatsuna," branding the new name onto the horse and riding about and whipping the horse while calling out 'Nakatsuna, Nakatsuna.'
Japanese: 宗盛はすぐに譲らなかったことが気に入らず、“木の下”の名を“仲綱”と改めて焼印を押し、「仲綱、仲綱」と呼んで引き回したり鞭打ったりした。