nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Subsequently in a newly-established Investigation Committee of Codes, Nobushige HOZUMI, Masaakira TOMII and Kenjiro UME, focusing corrections of the Old Civil Code and referring to the draft of the German Civil Code, drafted the present Civil Code (Act No.89, 1896).
Japanese: その後新設された法典調査会で、穂積陳重、富井政章、梅謙次郎が旧民法の修正を基本としつつ、ドイツ民法の草案や各国の民法をも参照して、現行の民法（明治29年法律第89号）が起草された。
English: The significance of the disputes was once regarded as an academic one; however, in fact, there were so many arguments just for objection that many people take the disputes mainly as political and sectional conflicts.
Japanese: この論争の意義については、かつては学問的な論争と考えられていたが、実際には言いがかり的な論争も多く、中心は政治的・派閥的な争いとする見方も強い。
English: At that time, supporters of the Old Civil Code included Meiji Law School (now Meiji University) and Japanese-French Law School (now Hosei University), while the opponents included Tokyo Imperial University (now Tokyo University) and English Law School (now Chuo University).
Japanese: 当時、旧民法賛成派であったのが明治法律学校(現明治大学)や和仏法律学校(現法政大学)であり、反対派であったのが東京帝国大学(現東京大学)やイギリス法律学校(現中央大学)である。
English: The Chichibu Incident was an armed uprising that peasants in Chichibu County, Saitama Prefecture made against the government from October 31 to November 9, 1884.
Japanese: 秩父事件（ちちぶじけん）は、1884年（明治17年）10月31日から11月9日にかけて、埼玉県秩父郡の農民が政府に対して起こした武装蜂起事件。
English: It had been assumed to be a representative example of so-called 'aggravated incidents' occurred under the influence of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
Japanese: 自由民権運動の影響下に発生した、いわゆる「激化事件」の代表例ともされてきた。
English: In a situation where taxes and so on had been increased year by year since the end of Edo period for the policy of fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military), under the influence of so-called Matsukata finance by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who assumed the post of the Ministry of Finance in October 1881, what we call a deflationary spiral occurred (Matsukata deflation), which brought a serious deflation in Japanese economy, especially in the agricultural sector.
Japanese: 江戸時代末期以来、富国強兵の大義名分のもと年々増税等が行われる中、1881年（明治14年）10月に大蔵卿に就任した松方正義によるいわゆる松方財政の影響により、現在でいうデフレスパイラルが発生し（松方デフレ）、いまだ脆弱であった日本の経済、とりわけ農業部門には深刻な不況が発生した。
English: Prices of farm products continuing to fall, many regions among agricultural production regions, which were originally far from wealthy, were put into further poverty.
Japanese: 農作物価格の下落が続き、元来決して裕福とはいえない農産地域の中には、さらなる困窮に陥る地域も多く見られるようになっていった。
English: Due to domestic influences mainly of the above Matsukata finance and what was more, the influence of the steep fall in the silk market in Lyon Silk Exchange (which was then one of the biggest silk exchanges not only in France but also in Europe) occurring in 1882, the midst of the Great Depression in Europe, which existed from 1873 to 1896, the domestic prices of raw silk fell quite heavily from 1882 to 1803.
Japanese: 国内的には主として上記の松方財政の影響、さらには1873年から1896年ごろにかけて存続したヨーロッパ大不況のさなかに発生した1882年のリヨン生糸取引所（同取引所はフランスのみならず、当時欧州最大の生糸取引所のひとつであった）における生糸価格の大暴落の影響により、1882年から1883年にかけて生糸の国内価格の大暴落が発生した。
English: In Chichibu region in Saitama Prefecture sericulture had been thriving business for a long time, however, at that time the industry there was somewhat biased to raw silk production and in addition had been more strongly connected to the French market than other silk-farming regions such as Shinshu (Nagano Prefecture) (the first elementary school in the Chichibu County was established by French aid, therefore, a secretary in a French legation in Japan visited Chichibu) and as a result it had a greater influence of the above-mentioned heavy fall.
Japanese: 埼玉県秩父地方は昔から養蚕が盛んであったが、当時の同地方の産業は生糸の生産にやや偏っており、さらには信州（長野県）など他の養蚕地域に比べてフランス市場との結びつきが強く（秩父郡内における最初の小学校はフランスの援助で設立され、そのために当時の在日フランス公使館の書記官が秩父を訪れたほどである）、上述の大暴落の影響をより強く受けることとなった。
English: Because many of silk-raising farmers, depending on their annual sales of raw silk, borrowed money for buying rice and wheat for food and other daily commodities and so on, the heavy fall of the raw silk market and increased taxes put them in further poverty as in other regions, and banks, usurers and so on, taking advantage of their poverty, made their lives more miserable.
Japanese: 養蚕農家の多くは毎年の生糸の売上げをあてにして金を借り、食料の米麦その他の生活物資等を外部から購入していたため、生糸市場の暴落と増税等が重なるとたちまち困窮の度を深め、他の各地と同様、その窮状につけこんだ銀行や高利貸等が彼らの生活をさらに悲惨なものにしていた。
English: At that time, the Meiji Government was promoting the preparation of the government-led formulation of a constitution and establishment of the National Diet while it was strengthening an ironfisted policy to democratic movements.
Japanese: 当時、明治政府は政府主導による憲法制定・国会開設を着々と準備する一方で、民権運動に対する弾圧政策を強化していた。
English: Some minken (democratic rights) activists, against the suppression of the government, began to change into radicals urged by an idea that they could not avoid use of force in overthrowing the repressive government in order to establish a 'truly superb Diet', which caused confrontations to occur in various places.
Japanese: 民権派の一部にはそれに対抗する形で"「真に善美なる国会」を開設するには、圧制政府を実力で転覆することもやむなし"という考えから急進化する者も出始め、各地で対立が起きていた。
English: So-called "aggravated incidents" such as Akita Incident in 1881, Fukushima Incident in 1882 and Takada Incident in 1883 are assumed that the Meiji Government cracked down on local democratic activists or democratic movements on the pretext of suppressing the view of the overthrow of the government by democratic radicals.
Japanese: 1881年（明治14年）の秋田事件、1882年（明治15年）の福島事件、1883年（明治16年）の高田事件といったいわゆる｢激化事件｣は、明治政府が急進的民権家の政府転覆論を口実にして、地域の民権家や民権運動に対する弾圧を行ったものとされる。
English: After all the plot of overthrowing the government of the radicals was not realized, but in subsequent Gunma Incident occurred in June 1884, local members of the Liberal Party (Meiji period) in Gunma Prefecture, gathering peasants in poverty at the foot of Mt. Myogi, tried to raise an army against suppression and furthermore in Kabasan Incident occurred in September of the same year sixteen democratic radicals armed with bombs raised an army and encountered the police force.
Japanese: 彼ら急進派の政府転覆計画は結局は具現化をみるには至らなかったが、その後発生した1884年（明治17年）6月の群馬事件は、群馬県の下部自由党(明治)員が、妙義山麓に困窮に苦しむ農民を結集し、圧制打倒の兵をあげようとしたものであり、さらに同年9月に発生した加波山事件は、茨城県の加波山に爆裂弾で武装した16人の急進的な民権運動家が挙兵し、警官隊と衝突するというものであった。
English: Particularly, the Kabasan Incident was an armed uprising with an avowed slogan of 'defeating the government, the enemy of freedom' in order to 'establish perfect constitutional system of government' and gave a great blow to the government.
Japanese: とくに加波山事件は、｢完全なる立憲政体を造出」するため「自由の公敵たる専制政府」を打倒すると公言した武装蜂起で、政府に大きな衝撃を与えた。
English: It was quite small in scale and its immediate aim was only attacking high-ranking government officials who attended the Tochigi Prefectural Government inauguration ceremony: Since the latter half of 1833 of the previous year, the Liberal Party radicals had frequent meetings and were in a direction of strengthening the unity of the like-minded members.
Japanese: 規模はきわめて小規模で、当面の目標も栃木県庁落成式に出席する政府高官への襲撃程度のものであったが、自由党急進派は、前年の1883年（明治16年）後半以降、圧制打倒をめざして頻繁な交流を図り、同志的結合を強めていく傾向にあった。
English: Liberal Party approved a decision of dissolving the party on October 29, 1884 (two days before the occurrence of the Chichibu Incident) because of what with past policy confrontations and complications on solving the Kabasan Incident (thereafter, the Party was reorganized in 1890, but repeated dissolution, the re-formation, reorganization，and so on even after that.
Japanese: そんな中、従来からの路線対立や、加波山事件の処理をめぐる紛糾などから1884年10月29日（秩父事件発生の2日前）、自由党は解党決議を可決するに至っていた（その後同党は1890年に再結成されるが、以後も解散・再結成・再編等を繰り返す。
English: It is assumed that the leaders of Chichibu Incident had not got information on the dissolution of the Liberal Party at the time of the uprising.
Japanese: なお、秩父事件の指導部は蜂起時点ではこの自由党解党の情報を認知していなかったと考えられている。
English: In Chichibu region people, mainly members of the Liberal Party organized 'Konminto Party (Poverty Party)' together with peasants suffering from increased taxes and debt burdens and held the second rally called Sanrin Shukai (literally, "gathering of mountains and forest") in August, 1884.
Japanese: 秩父地方では、自由民権思想に接していた自由党員らが中心となり、増税や借金苦に喘ぐ農民とともに「困民党（秩父困民党）」を組織し、1884年（明治17年）8月には2度の山林集会を開催していた。
English: Based on the decisions they made there, they had petitioning activity and negotiations with usurers only to fail, therefore, an uprising was proposed in order to make an petition for tax reduction, postponement of compulsory education and deferment of debt to the government, and Eisuke TASHIRO, whose family acted as a nanushi (village headman) for generations in Omiyago (Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture) was recommended for their representative.
Japanese: そこでの決議をもとに、請願活動や高利貸との交渉を行うも不調に終わり、租税の軽減・義務教育の延期・借金の据え置き等を政府に訴えるための蜂起が提案され、大宮郷(埼玉県秩父市)で代々名主を務める家の出身である田代栄助が総理（代表）として推挙された。
English: The purpose of the uprising was to make an petition for the abrogation of account books to usurers and public offices and tax reduction to the government without taking violent actions (see Martial Law below).
Japanese: 蜂起の目的は、暴力行為を行わず（下記「軍律」参照）、高利貸や役所の帳簿を滅失し、租税の軽減等につき政府に請願することであった。
English: On October 31, two days after the dissolution of the Liberal Party, they held a rally in Muku Shrine in Shimoyoshida (former Yoshidamachi [Saitama Prefecture]), established the purpose of the uprising, a role chart and martial law.
Japanese: 自由党解党2日後の10月31日、下吉田（旧吉田町(埼玉県)）の椋神社において決起集会が行われ、蜂起の目的のほか、役割表や軍律が制定され（下記参照）、蜂起が開始された。
English: As early as on November 1, the next day, they brought Chichibu County under their control and destroyed documents of usurers and public offices (some took violent actions or set fire against the intention of the leaders).
Japanese: 早くも翌11月1日には秩父郡内を制圧して、高利貸や役所等の書類を破棄した（なお一部には、指導部の意に反して暴力行為や焼き討ち等を行った者もいた）。
English: However, the government, getting information on their uprising and its scale instantaneously by telegram that had already been in use at that time, sent a troop of police and military police (Japanese Army) partially by train only to face uphill fights, but finally soldiers in Tokyo Chindai Army (garrison in Meiji period) brought the county boundary under their control, leading the leaders of the Konmin Party to the collapse and subjugation on November 4.
Japanese: しかし、当時既に開設されていた電信によりいち早く彼らの蜂起とその規模を知った政府は、一部汽車をも利用して警察隊・憲兵(日本軍)等を送り込むが苦戦し、最終的には東京鎮台の鎮台兵を送り郡境を抑えたため、11月4日に秩父困民党指導部は事実上崩壊、鎮圧された。
English: Some radicals led by Kanpei KIKUCHI from Kitaaiki-mura Village in Nagano Prefecture, together with peasants, advanced to Shinshu area via Toishi Pass; however, the troop was also destroyed by the attacks of the Chindai Army in Higashimanagashi in Saku County (now Koumimachi) on November 9.
Japanese: 一部の急進派は長野県北相木村出身の菊池貫平を筆頭とし、さらに農民を駆り出して十石峠経由で信州方面に進出したが、その一隊も11月9日には佐久郡東馬流(現小海町)で鎮台兵の攻撃を受け壊滅した。
English: After the incident about 14000 people were punished and seven people who regarded as leaders including Eisuke TASHIRO, Orihei KATO, Shuzaburo ARAI, Zenkichi TAKAGISHI, Sosaku SAKAMOT, Kanpei KIKUCHI and Denzo INOUE were sentenced to death (however, Inoue and Kikuchi were tried in their absence.
Japanese: 事件後、約14000名が処罰され、首謀者とされた田代栄助・加藤織平・新井周三郎・高岸善吉・坂本宗作・菊池貫平・井上伝蔵の7名には死刑判決が下された（ただし、井上・菊池は欠席裁判での判決。
English: Though Kikuchi was arrested in Kofu, his death sentence being commuted to life in prison, was released from prison in 1905, and died in 1914).
Japanese: 菊池はのち甲府で逮捕されたが、終身刑に減刑され、1905年出獄し、1914年に死去）。
English: This incident had been assumed in the past to have occurred under the strong influence mainly of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and the Matsukata deflation, however, in recent years, in addition to the above, there has been an increased need of studies considering then comparison to other sericulture areas, the influence of the above-mentioned international environments, comparison with other sericulture regions and the above-mentioned international environments influence, the ethnological situation peculiar to Chichibu district.
Japanese: なお本事件に関しては、従来は専ら自由民権思想及び松方デフレの強い影響下に発生したと考えられてきたが、近年はそれらに加えて、他の養蚕地域との比較や、上述の国際的環境の影響、秩父地方特有の民俗学的状況等に関しても考慮した研究の必要性もようになってきている。
English: Others included roles such as an element leader in each village in Chichibu County, persons in charge of army provisions, war funds collecting, ammunition, a leader of gunnery troop, provision transporters, messengers and so on.
Japanese: 他に秩父郡各村小隊長・兵糧方・軍用金集方・弾薬方・銃砲隊長・小荷駄方・伝令使などの役割があった。
English: The name of the era, 'First year of Free Autonomy' used by the Konminto Party members and their sympathizers, was regarded as a shinengo (private name of a era) in the end term in Japanese history.
Japanese: 蜂起中に困民党メンバーやその同調者が使用したとされる「自由自治元年」という"年号"は、日本史上、最終期の私年号と考えられている。
English: A historian, Daikichi IROKAWA, who participated in compiling "Chichibu Jiken Siryo Hensan (A Collection of Chichibu Incident Data) ", through an analysis of documents of the Meiji Government, pointed out that the incident was taken by the government a 'revolt' equivalent to the Seinan War (the interrogation record included a description of a confession that the final goal of the participants was 'to defeat the Emperor').
Japanese: なお、『秩父事件史料集成』の編纂に参加した歴史学者の色川大吉は、当時の明治政府側の公文書の分析によって、明治政府が西南戦争に準じた「反乱」として認識していた事実を指摘している（なお、取調調書には参加者の最終的な目標が「天朝様（天皇）を倒す」ことであるとする自白があったとする記述がある）。
English: Masanori SATO also pointed out that 'the Chichibu Incident occurred not because peasants in Chichibu were poor, but because they got angry to have their lives smashed up when they were gradually becoming rich'.
Japanese: また、佐藤政憲は「秩父事件は貧しいから起きたのではなく、段々豊かになるときにつぶされたところに秩父農民の怒りがある」と指摘している。
English: Gakusei (the Education System Order: the Proclamation of the Grand Council of the State No. 214, 1872) in a narrow sense is the laws and regulations pertaining to education promulgated in 1872.
Japanese: 狭義の学制（明治5年太政官布告第214号）とは、1872年（明治5年）に公布された教育法令のこと。
English: Gakusei (the Education System Order: the Proclamation of the Grand Council of the State No. 214, 1872) is the laws and regulations pertaining to education promulgated on August 3, 1872, which first established the school system in Japan.
Japanese: 学制（がくせい、明治5年太政官布告第214号）は、1872年（明治5年）8月3日に公布された、日本にて最初に学校制度を定めた教育法令。
English: It was repealed in 1879 by the promulgation of Kyoikurei (the 1879 Education Order: the Proclamation of the Grand Council of the State No. 40, 1879).
Japanese: 教育令（明治12年太政官布告第40号）の公布により、1879年（明治12年）に廃止された。
English: Chapter 3 provided that the country be divided into 8 university districts: 8 universities in all, each of which be divided into 32 middle school districts: 256 middle schools in all, and each of which be divided into 210 elementary school districts: 53,760 elementary schools in all.
Japanese: 第三章で全国を8の大学区に分け8大学校の、1大学区を32中学区にわけ256中学校の、1中学区を210小学区にわけ53760小学校を置くことを定めた。
English: Daigaku Nanko (the Southern College of the University, a predecessor of the University of Tokyo), Kaiseijo and Kounkan became middle schools which belonged to the 1st university district, the 4th university district and the 6th university district respectively, and Daigaku Toko (the Eastern College of the University), Osaka Igakko (Osaka Medical School) and Nagasaki Igakko (Nagasaki Medical School) became the medical schools of each university district.
Japanese: 大学南校、開成所、広運館がそれぞれ中学となり、それぞれ第一大学区、第四大学区、第六大学区に属され、大学東校、大阪医学校、長崎医学校が各大学区の医学校となった。
English: The 8 universities were Hokkaido University, Tohoku University, The University of Tokyo, Nagoya University, Osaka University, Kyoto University, Hiroshima University and Kyusyu University.
Japanese: 8の大学とは北海道大学、東北大学、東京大学、名古屋大学、大阪大学、京都大学、広島大学、九州大学である
English: The following is the list of the original school districts at the promulgation of Gakusei (the prefectures where the main office of universities were placed at the head of each list).
Japanese: 以下は学制頒布当初の学区のリストである（先頭が大学本部の置かれた府県）。
English: Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Iruma Prefecture, Kisarazu Prefecture, Ashigara Prefecture, Inba Prefecture, Nihari Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese: 東京府、神奈川県、埼玉県、入間県、木更津県、足柄県、印旛県、新治県、茨城県、群馬県、栃木県、宇都宮県、山梨県、静岡県
English: Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Hyogo Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Sakai Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture, Shikama Prefecture, Toyooka Prefecture, Kochi Prefecture, Myodo Prefecture, Kagawa Prefecture, Okayama Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture
Japanese: 大阪府、京都府、兵庫県、奈良県、堺県、和歌山県、飾磨県、豊岡県、高知県、名東県、香川県、岡山県、滋賀県
English: Nagasaki Prefecture, Saga Prefecture, Yatsushiro Prefecture, Shirakawa Prefecture, Mimitsu Prefecture, Miyakonojo Prefecture, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kokura Prefecture, Oita Prefecture, Fukuoka Prefecture, Mizuma Prefecture
Japanese: 長崎県、佐賀県、八代県、白川県、美々津県、都城県、鹿児島県、小倉県、大分県、福岡県、三潴県
English: The following year the university districts were revised to set up 7 university districts, 239 middle school districts and 42,451 elementary school districts.
Japanese: 翌年大学区が改定され七大学区とし、中学区は239区、小学区は42451区に改められた。
English: Following this revision, the main office of universities in Ishikawa Prefecture was closed; the 3rd university district and the 4th university district were integrated so that the following numbers of school districts moved up, and the main office of universities in Aomori Prefecture moved to Miyagi Prefecture.
Japanese: これに伴い石川県の大学本部は廃止され第三大学区と第四大学区が統合し、以下学区の番号が繰り上がり、青森県の大学本部が宮城県に移された。
English: Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Kumagaya Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Ashigara Prefecture, Nihari Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, Utsunomiya Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture
Japanese: 東京府、神奈川県、埼玉県、熊谷県、千葉県、足柄県、新治県、茨城県、栃木県、宇都宮県、山梨県
English: Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Hyogo Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Sakai Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture, Shikama Prefecture, Toyoka Prefecture, Kochi Prefecture, Myodo Prefecture, Okayama Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture
Japanese: 大阪府、京都府、兵庫県、奈良県、堺県、和歌山県、飾磨県、豊岡県、高知県、名東県、岡山県、滋賀県
English: From Chapter 20 there were provisions for elementary schools, such as Jinjo shogaku (ordinary elementary schools), elementary schools for girls, village elementary schools, elementary schools for the poor (also called Jinkei Gakko), private elementary schools, elementary schools for infants, and schools for disabled children.
Japanese: 第20章からは小学校について定めており、尋常小学、女児小学、村落小学、貧人小学（仁恵学校）、小学私塾、幼稚小学、廃人学校について規定している。
English: From Chapter 29 there were provisions for middle schools which were also divided into two levels: upper and lower divisions (3 years for each).
Japanese: 中学校は第29章から定められており、やはり上下2等（各3年）に分けられている。
English: The order also set up irregular middle schools, Kajuku (government-backed school operated by a scholar out of his home) and private middle schools as the equivalents of middle schools.
Japanese: また中学に相当するものとして変則中学、家塾、中学私塾が定められている。
English: It was provided that universities as 'specialized schools for offering the highest level of education in various studies' have the departments of science, literature, law and medicine.
Japanese: 大学は「高尚の諸学を教る専門科の学校」で理学、文学、法学、医学を置くことが定められた。
English: However, because it was inappropriate to the real situation for the heavy imposition on people and so on, the order was repealed and replaced by Kyoikurei (the 1879 Education Order) in 1879.
Japanese: だが国民の負担が重いなど実情にあわず、1879年（明治12年）の教育令によって廃止された。
English: 1 Elementary school, lower division term: 4 years, age: 6-10 years old, future course: middle education 1
Japanese: 1小学校下等科　修業年限：4年制　修業年齢：6～10歳　進路先：中等教育1
English: 2 Elementary school for girls, village elementary school, elementary school for the poor (Jinkei Gakko), private elementary school term: 4 years, age: 7-11 years old, future course: none
Japanese: 2女児小学、村落小学、貧人小学（仁恵学校）、小学私塾、　修業年限：4年制　修業年齢：7～11歳　進路先：なし
English: 1 Elementary school, upper division term: 4 years, age 10-14 years old, future course: middle education 2, 3, 4 and higher education 6
Japanese: 1小学校上等科　修業年限：4年制　修業年齢：10～14歳　進路先：中等教育2.3.4/高等教育6
English: 2 Middle school, lower division term: 3 years, age: 14-17 years old, future course: higher education 3, 6 right after completion of the course
Japanese: 2中等学校下等科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：14～17歳　進路先：高等教育3.6/修了次第入学
English: 3 Foreign language school, lower division term: 2 years, age: 14-16 years old, future course: higher education 2, 7, 9, 11
Japanese: 3外国語学校下等科　修業年限：2年制　修業年齢：14～16歳　進路先：高等教育2.7.9.11
English: 4 Preparatory course for middle school taught by foreign teachers term: 1 year, age: 14-15 years old, future course: higher education 4
Japanese: 4外国語教師ニテ教授スル中学校予科　修業年限：1年制　修業年齢：14～15歳　進路先：高等教育4
English: 5 Shomin Gakko term: unfixed, age: boys 15 years and above, girls 18 years and above; future course: none
Japanese: 5諸民学校　修業年限：年限不定　修業年齢：男子15歳～、女子18歳～　進路先：なし
English: 2 Foreign language school, upper division term: 2 years, age: 16-18 years old, future course: none
Japanese: 2外国語学校上等科　修業年限：2年制　修業年齢：16～18歳　進路先：なし
English: 3 Middle school, upper division term: 3 years, age: 17-20 years old, future course: university 1
Japanese: 3中等学校上等科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：17～20歳　進路先：大学1
English: 4 Middle school, lower division taught by foreign teachers term: 3 years, age: 15-18 years old, future course: higher education 6
Japanese: 4外国語教師ニテ教授スル中学校下等科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：15～18歳　進路先：高等教育6
English: 5 Middle school, upper division taught by foreign teachers term: 3 years, age: 18-21 years old, future course: university 1
Japanese: 5外国語教師ニテ教授スル中学校上等科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：18～21歳　進路先：大学1
English: 6 Medical school taught by foreign teachers term: 5 years, age: 14-19 years old, future course: none
Japanese: 6外国語教師ニテ教授スル医学校　修業年限：5年制　修業年齢：14～19歳　進路先：なし
English: 7 Preparatory course for polytechnic, science and medical school term: 3 years, age: 16-19 years old, future course: higher education 8
Japanese: 7諸芸/理/医学校予科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：16～19歳　進路先：高等教育8
English: 8 Regular course of polytechnic, science and medical school term: 4 years, age: 19-23 years old, future course: none
Japanese: 8諸芸/理/医学校本科　修業年限：4年制　修業年齢：19～23歳　進路先：なし
English: 9 Preparatory course for engineering, law and mining school term: 3 years, age: 16-19 years old, future course: higher education 10
Japanese: 9工業/法/鉱山学校予科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：16～19歳　進路先：高等教育10
English: 10 Regular course of engineering, law and mining school term: 3 years, age: 19-22 years old, future course: none
Japanese: 10工業/法/鉱山学校本科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：19～22歳　進路先：なし
English: 11 Preparatory course for veterinary, commercial and agricultural school term: 3 years, age: 16-19 years old, future course: higher education 12
Japanese: 11獣医/商業/農業学校予科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：16～19歳　進路先：高等教育12
English: 12 Regular course of veterinary, commercial and agricultural school term: 2 years, age: 19-21 years old, future course: none
Japanese: 12獣医/商業/農業学校本科　修業年限：2年制　修業年齢：19～21歳　進路先：なし
English: 13 Commercial, agricultural, engineering and interpretational school term: unfixed, age: 16 years and above, future course: none
Japanese: 13商業/農業/工業/通弁学校　修業年限：年限不定　修業年齢：16歳～　進路先：なし
English: The Simotsuki Incident was a political change in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that occurred in Kamakura in the latter half of the Kamakura period on December 21, 1285.
Japanese: 霜月騒動（しもつきそうどう）とは、鎌倉時代後期の弘安8年（1285年）11月17日(旧暦)に鎌倉で起こった鎌倉幕府の政変。
English: After the death of the eighth regent Tokimune HOJO, the senior vassal Yasumori ADACHI and TAIRA no Yoritsune, Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family [the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan]) opposed each other and Yasumori, his family, and his party were destroyed in this incident in which Yoritsuna's party made the preemptive attack.
Japanese: 8代執権北条時宗の死後、有力御家人の安達泰盛と、内管領の平頼綱が対立し、頼綱方の先制攻撃を受けた泰盛とその一族・与党が滅ぼされた事件である。
English: This incident is also called the Battle of Koan, the Yasumori ADACHI war or the Jonosuke AKITA war.
Japanese: 弘安合戦、安達泰盛の乱、秋田城介（あきたじょうのすけ）の乱ともいう。
English: Yasumori ADACHI was a member of the Adachi clan, the senior vassals since the Kamakura government was established, and he supported the regent Tokimune HOJO as a maternal relative of the Tokuso Family of the Hojo clan, and was a key figure experienced in important positions like an Ossobugyo (temporary position in charge of retrials and accepting appeals in Kamakura bakufu) and Goon bugyo (commissioner in charge of issuing the deed of rewards.)
Japanese: 安達泰盛は幕府創設以来の有力御家人安達氏の一族で、北条氏得宗家の外戚として執権北条時宗を支え、越訴、御恩奉行などの重職を歴任した幕政の中心人物であった。
English: TAIRA no Yoritsuna was a male nurse of Tokimune and the under secretary of the head of Tokuso family and he was in a position to embody the authority of Tokuso.
Japanese: 平頼綱は時宗の乳母父で北条氏得宗家の執事内管領であり、得宗権力を具現する立場にあった。