nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Later, research on Emperor Chokei's succession to the throne made progress, and the opinion that the Emperor appeared in the both collections of poetry did not indicate Emperor Gokameyama but Emperor Chokei became dominant, which encouraged people to make genealogies and history books saying that Emperor Chokei's real mother was Kakimon-in.
Japanese: その後、長慶天皇の即位の有無をめぐる研究が進む中で、両歌集の今上天皇は後亀山天皇ではなく、長慶天皇であるとの説が有力化し、長慶天皇の生母を嘉喜門院とする系図や歴史書が増加した。
English: And conventional materials which said that Kakimon-in was a real mother of Emperor Gokameyama was put together with the new opinion that Emperor Chokei's real mother was Kakimon-in too, and now it is generally considered that both of them were Kakimon-in's sons.
Japanese: そして、後亀山天皇の生母を嘉喜門院とするこれまでの資料と、新たに長慶天皇の生母を嘉喜門院とする説とが合成されて、両人とも嘉喜門院の子とされることが一般化している。
English: However there is no evidence so far to prove whether Emperor Gokameyama was really Kakimon-in's son or not.
Japanese: ただし、後亀山天皇が嘉喜門院の子であるか否かに関する確証は無いのが現状である。
English: Tamehiro REIZEI (1450-August 30, 1526) was a Japanese waka poet.
Japanese: 冷泉為広（れいぜいためひろ、宝徳2年（1450年）-大永6年7月23日(旧暦)（1526年8月30日））は日本の歌人。
English: In 1501, he was raised in rank to the Shonii (Senior Second Rank), and in 1506 he was appointed as Junior Major Councillor and Minbukyo (Director of Popular Affairs Bureau).
Japanese: 文亀元年（1501年）に正二位に昇り、永正3年（1506年）に権大納言・民部卿に就任。
English: In 1508, the eleventh Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA was driven out of the position of Shogun, which made him retire into priesthood and called himself Sosei.
Japanese: 永正5年（1508年）、11代将軍足利義澄が将軍職を追われると、それにしたがって出家し、宗清と号した。
English: Yoshino Tayu II (April 10, 1606 - October 7, 1643) was a Tayu of Shimabara (later moved to Shimabara), who was said to have been born near the Hoko-ji Temple in Kyoto, and her real name was Tokuko MATSUDA.
Japanese: 二代目吉野太夫（よしのたゆう、慶長11年3月3日(旧暦)（1606年4月10日）-寛永20年8月25日(旧暦)（1643年10月7日））は嶋原（後に嶋原に移転）の太夫で本名は松田徳子、生まれたのは京都の方広寺近くと伝えられる。
English: As a child, she was taken in by the Hayashi family as Kamuro (a girl who takes care of prostitutes), and her Kamuro name was Rinya.
Japanese: 幼少のころに禿（かむろ、遊女の世話をする少女）として林家に抱えられ、禿名は林弥（りんや）といった。
English: In addition to koto (Japanese traditional zither), biwa (a Japanese lute), and sho (a traditional Japanese wind instrument resembling panpipes), she was good at waka, renga (linked verse), and haikai (or haiku), and is said to have mastered calligraphy, the tea ceremony, the incense ceremony, flower arrangement, kaiawase (a Heian period game which involved pairing the two parts of clamshells), the game of Go, and sugoroku (a Japanese backgammon).
Japanese: 和歌、連歌、俳諧に優れていて、琴、琵琶、笙が巧みであり、さらに書道、茶道、香道、華道、貝合わせ、囲碁、双六を極めたという。
English: Having both wit and beauty, she was known not only throughout the country but also to distant Ming.
Japanese: 才色兼備を称えられ国内のみならず、遠くは明国にまで名を知れ渡らせた。
English: Her regular customers were Chancellor Nobuhiro KONOE, a son of Emperor Goyozei and later adopted by Nobutada KONOE, Joeki HAIYA, a merchant and a man of culture in those days, and so on.
Japanese: 馴染み客には後陽成天皇の皇子で近衛信尹の養子である関白近衛信尋や、商人で、当時の文化人の一人である灰屋紹益がいた。
English: It is said that she became a believer in holy priest Nikkan, and contributed a vermilion-lacquered gate to the Josho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) in Takagamine (Kita Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 彼女は日乾上人に帰依しており、鷹峯（京都市北区(京都市)）にある常照寺(京都市)に朱門を寄進したといわれる。
English: A memorial flower festival to reminisce about her is held on the third Sunday in April, and Tayu from Shimabara visit here offering flowers to the visitors.
Japanese: 彼女をしのんで毎年4月第3日曜日に花供養が行われ、嶋原から太夫が参拝し訪問客に花を添えている。
English: Ise was a representative poet in the time when "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled, and twenty-two poems written by her were collected in it, which is the most among poems written by female poets.
Japanese: 伊勢は、『古今和歌集』の撰者時代の代表的歌人であり、同集には女性として最多の二十二首が入集している。
English: The oldest is the one owned by Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and other two are Kasen Kashu lineage (Poetry Collection of Kasen - superior poets) and Gunsho Ruiju version.
Japanese: 最も古態を残すのは西本願寺本であり、他の二系統は歌仙家集本および群書類従本である。
English: The opening lines of the collection is a narrative description with strong autobiographical elements, and it was a pioneer of the female diary literature represented by the "Izumi Shikibu Diary," written in later years.
Japanese: 冒頭部分は自伝性が強い物語風の記述となっており、のちの『和泉式部日記』などに代表される女流日記文学に先駆けた内容となっている。
English: The poems in this collection were also selected for "Shin Kokin Wakashu" (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and "Ogura Hyakunin isshu" (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets).
Japanese: 本歌集収録の歌は、『新古今和歌集』や『小倉百人一首』にも採用されている。
English: This is a kind of mono zukushi (list of things) or shokunin zukushi (list of craftsmen), in which the author listed social conditions, trades, public entertainment, and culture under the pretense of a man who went to see sarugaku (a medieval Noh farce) at Kyo one night.
Japanese: ある晩京の猿楽見物に訪れた家族の記事に仮託して当時の世相・職業・芸能・文物などを列挙していった物尽くし・職人尽くし風の書物である。
English: But there are two widely held views that it was either completed during the Tengi era (1053-1058), when the author FUJIWARA no Akihira was in his later years, during the Kohei era (1058-1065), or the first year of the Chogen era (1028).
Japanese: 通説では作者藤原明衡の晩年である天喜年間（1053年-1058年）あるいは康平年間（1058年-1065年）とするが、長元元年（1028年）とする説もある。
English: He signed his name and official title of Ukyo no Daibu (Right City Commissioner) on the first page of the book, and if it is true, although there is no record of his being appointed as Ukyo no Daibu, it would be his final title, which is the only reason why many people suppose that the work was written in his later years.
Japanese: 冒頭の作者署名に右京大夫と官名が記されており、明衡が右京大夫に任官した記録は他にないが、事実とすればこれが彼の極官であったことから、晩年の作であろうとする見解が多いだけである。
English: It is the most splendid play he has ever seen, so he begins to list genres of sarugaku and make comments on its masters.
Japanese: それは今までになく見事なものであった、として猿楽のジャンルを列挙し、また名人の批評を行う。
English: Among the visitors who come to see sarugaku, the author focuses on a family of Uemon no jo (the third rank official of Court Guard of the Right).
Japanese: 猿楽見物に参集した人々の中で特筆すべきは右衛門尉（うえもんのじょう）一家であった。
English: And he begins to describe three wives of Uemon no jo, sixteen daughters (or their husbands), and nine sons.
Japanese: 右衛門尉の3人の妻、16人の娘（あるいはその夫）、9人の息子の描写が始まる。
English: (The following are summaries of each chapter, and various terms mentioned here will be explained since they are historically important too.)
Japanese: （以下、各段の簡単な紹介を行うが、列挙されたさまざまな用語は歴史的に貴重なものなのですべて紹介する。）
English: Riugo: a performance of spinning an object resembling an hourglass drum on a string attached to two sticks.
Japanese: 輪鼓（りうご）：鼓の形をしたもの（中央部がくびれた筒状のもの）を、二本の棒に結びつけた紐の上で回しながら転がす芸。
English: Honeari (literally having bones): there are two different views about it; one that it is a performance of imposing dancing, and the other that it is a performance of showing strong muscles and superhuman strength.
Japanese: 有骨（ほねあり）：荘重な舞という説、または隆々とした筋骨や怪力を見せる芸という説がある。
English: The following are performances in which two extremes appear or counterparts support the structure of a story.
Japanese: 以下は対句となっていて、両極端な役や対で物語を構成している芸を列挙する。
English: Endo tairyo no koshihase (hip movement of the district headman): "koshihase" means posture, and it is a performance of mimicking the way of walking of Tairyo, a superintendent of the district.
Japanese: 延動大領の腰支（えんどうたいりょうのこしはせ）：腰支とは腰つきのことで、郡の長である大領のもったいぶった歩き振りをまねたものという。
English: Ebisuki toneri no ashitsukai: a mimicry of the funny footwork of the prawn-fishing lower official.
Japanese: ●漉舎人の足仕（●は虫扁に長、えびすきとねりのあしつかい）：川に入ってエビを取る舎人（小者）のこっけいな足取りをまねたものという。
English: Hikami sendo no torihakama: "hikami" is a name of place, Hikami, Hikami district, Tanba Province (the present Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture), and "sendo" means a functionary of a temple.
Japanese: 氷上専当の取袴（ひかみせんどうのとりはかま）：氷上は丹波国氷上郡氷上（現兵庫県丹波市）、専当は寺院の事務係。
English: Yamashiro oigo no sashiogi (an act of covering one's face with a fan): "oigo" means an aged woman, and it is a performance of mimicking the woman who has seen the man's thighs and bashfully covers her face with a fan.
Japanese: 山背大御の指扇（やましろおおいごのさしおうぎ）：大御は大姉御のこと、その大姉御が取袴の様子を見て恥ずかしげに扇をかざしている様子。
English: Senzumanzai no sakahokai: "Senzumanzai" is a new year's performer who visits houses, pleading for an auspicious year, and receives a gratuity.
Japanese: 千秋万歳の酒禱（せんずまんざいのさかほかい）：千秋万歳は、新春に各戸を廻って寿詞を唱え、祝儀をもらう雑芸の者。
English: Breastbone of a man with full stomach: it would have been a performance showing the funny motion of the rib cage made when a man drums on his full belly.
Japanese: 飽腹鼓の胸骨（あいはらつづみのむなほね）：満腹して腹鼓を打つ際の胸骨の動きを面白く見せたものかという。
English: His achievements were marvelous, and his performance was eminent among players through the ages (although this portrayal is exactly the same as what KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro wrote in manajo).
Japanese: 神妙の域に達し、古今の芸人中抜きん出ている（ただしこの表現は真名序の柿本人麻呂評を流用）。
English: Uemon no jo got married to her just because her parents were rich, but he is naturally a lecherous man, regretting that he took a wife who is older than he.
Japanese: 右衛門尉は若い頃、妻の実家が財産家というだけで結婚してしまったが、本来好色家であるため、現在では年長の妻を娶ったことを後悔している。
English: Now her hair is white, the wrinkles in her face are like waves in the sea, her teeth fell out, and her saggy breasts are like bull's testicles.
Japanese: 髪の毛は真っ白、顔のしわは海の波のよう、歯は抜け落ち、乳房は牛のふぐりのように垂れている。
English: She had better become a nun, but she still feels jealous of her husband as if she were a poisonous snake or a demon.
Japanese: いい加減出家して尼にでもなればいいのに、いまだに夫に対して嫉妬し、毒蛇や悪鬼のようである。
English: Saenokami/ Funadonokami: it was originally a god of defending villages from external enemies and fending off epidemics, and also of reproduction and relationships between men and women.
Japanese: 道祖神（さえのかみ、ふなどのかみ）：本来村境にあって外敵や疫病を防ぐ神だが、男女関係・生殖をも司った。
English: The Igatome festival at Kitsunezaka slope: Kitsunezaka was a steep road which runs from the west of Matsugasaki Village, Atago District, Yamashiro Province (the present Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City) to Kitaiwakura.
Japanese: 野干坂の伊賀専の男祭（きつねざかのいがとうめのおまつり）：野干坂は山城国愛宕郡松が崎村（現京都市左京区）の西から北岩倉に抜ける路。
English: The festival of love at Akomachi, Inariyama: people prayed to a fox which became a follower of the Inari gracious god in the Fushimi Inaritaisha Shrine for getting love of men, brandishing dried bonito likened to an erect penis.
Japanese: 稲荷山の阿小町の愛の法：伏見稲荷大社に祀られた稲荷明神の眷属となった狐に、男の愛を得るための祈りを、鰹節を陰茎の勃起したものに見立てて振り回し行った。
English: The To-ji Temple's Yasha (a demon): Kongo yasha myoo was owned by the To-ji Temple, and it was a statue of Sanmen roppi (three faces and six arms and standing on a lotus with one leg raised) whose three faces are Seiten, Dakichiten, Benzaiten (a Buddhist goddess of music, learning, eloquence, wealth, longevity, and protection from natural disasters).
Japanese: 東寺の夜叉：東寺にあった金剛夜叉明王、聖天・だ吉尼天（「だ」は咤の旁から宀を除いた字、荼枳尼天と同じ、だきにてん）・弁才天の三面六臂像。
English: As mentioned above, the first lawful wife was described as a lecherous woman, which makes the work lively.
Japanese: 以上のように、第一の本妻に対しては、好色な老女として厳しく批判されているが、その分生き生きとした描写になっている。
English: She is as old as Uemon no jo, and not so beautiful but a person with a good heart, serving her husband.
Japanese: 右衛門尉と同年齢、特に美人というわけでもないが、心ばえはよく、夫に仕えている。
English: She is good at many kinds of housework, especially spinning, weaving, dying, and sewing.
Japanese: 家事一切に秀でているが、中でも糸つむぎ、機織り、染色、裁縫などは褒め足りないくらいすばらしい。
English: Sashinuki: a kind of hakama whose bottom is threaded to fasten the bottom at the ankle.
Japanese: 差貫（さしぬき）：袴の裾に紐を通し、着用時にくるぶしでくくれるようにしたもの。
English: Suikan: a short plain hunting jacket, which people do not mind getting wet.
Japanese: 水干（すいかん）：狩衣の短いもので、水で濡れてもよいような粗末な服。
English: Uenokinu: it originally referred to an upper garment of traditional formal court dress and ancient Japanese informal wear for noblemen.
Japanese: 袍（うえのきぬ）：本来は束帯・衣冠・直衣に共通して上衣のことをいう。
English: Shaku: as well as shaku (a mace), a board to hold when he meets an Emperor.
Japanese: 爵（しゃく）：笏（しゃく・こつ）と同じ、天子に拝謁するときに持つ板。
English: Her husband forgets his sufferings every time he sees her, and always stays with her, not minding that he will be put in danger or lose his fortune for her.
Japanese: 夫はこの妻を見ると苦しいこともすべて忘れてしまい、常に一緒におり、この妻のためなら身の危険も財産もいとわない。
English: Because of this, he is mocked, and his other two wives are jealous of her, but he pretends not to know it.
Japanese: そのことを世間からは嘲笑され、二人の妻からは嫉妬されているが、知らぬ振りをしている。
English: Because even elixirs of life are nothing compared with this wife (in their powers of rejuvenation).
Japanese: どんな不老不死の薬も、（若返りの手段という点で）この妻にはかなわないからである。
English: He has all qualifications of a gambler: first, arrogance; second, a lot of money; third, good at betting; fourth, acting brave; fifth, making a false show of power; sixth, having a fluent tongue; seventh, deceiving people; eighth, not minding killing someone when he loses.
Japanese: ギャンブルによる害悪「一心、二物、三手、四勢、五力、六論、七盗、八害」をすべて備えているという。
English: He was especially good at oumonoyumi (the art of shooting cows, dogs, and enemy cavalrymen while chasing them. See inuoimono (dog-hunting event, a skill of an archery)).
Japanese: 特に追物射（牛や犬、敵騎兵を追いかけながら射る技術。犬追物参照）のこと。
English: According to "Wamyo Ruijusho" (dictionary of Japanese names) by MINAMOTO no Shitagau, "haseyumi" (馳射) is pronounced 'omumonoiru.'
Japanese: 源順編纂の『和名類聚抄』によれば馳射は｢於无毛乃以流（おむものいる）｣と読む。これは追物射を意味する。
English: Tomoshiyumi/tomoshi (literally lighting and shooting): hunting of deer in the mountains by making a fire in an iron basket to lure the deer in summer.
Japanese: 照射（ともしゆみ、ともし）：夏に山中で篝火を焚いて鹿を誘き寄せ、射る猟のこと
English: Dewa gonnosuke (Deputy Governor of Dewa Province), Toyomasu TANAKA, owns a large property of rice fields and cultivates the fields faithfully.
Japanese: 出羽権介田中豊益という大名田堵で、数町の田畑を真面目に経営している。
English: He uses some tenant farmers, so he only prepares farming equipment, does public work, and directs farm work.
Japanese: 農民を使役しており、彼が行うのは農具の準備や土木工事、農作業の指揮である。
English: Jishi: the land rent for the Kanden (rice fields except the allotted farmland) and isshikiden (rice fields except rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder).
Japanese: 地子（じし）：官田（班田以外の田）・一色田（名田以外の田）からの地代。
English: Eiryo: deduction from jishi because of the expenses for cultivating mainly at the rice fields managed directly by the Department of the Imperial Household.
Japanese: 営料（えいりょう）：宮内省直営田などで、耕作に要した費用として地子から控除された。
English: Tsukuda: rice fields such as kanden and shoen (a private estate) directly managed by other people, where seeds and farming tools were lent to the farmers and all of the harvest was collected.
Japanese: 佃（つくだ）：官田や荘園で農民に種子・農具を貸与して全収穫を徴収した直営田。
English: Suiko: it is a system of lending rice owned by the officials to a farmer in spring and collecting the rice with interest in autumn, which later became compulsory public rice credit tax.
Japanese: 出挙（すいこ）：官稲を春に貸し出し、秋に利子をつけて返納させたもの、後に強制化し租税となった。
English: The fourth daughter is a shrine maiden who is good at ura (augury), kagura asobi (singing and dancing before the altar), yorizuru (plucking the strings of a bow made of Japanese cherry birch to call down a god), kuchiyosuru (telling the word of the dead in a state of possession).
Japanese: 四女は巫女で卜占（うら）、神遊（かぐらあそび、神前での歌舞）、寄弦（よりづる、梓弓の弦を鳴らして神を降ろすこと）、口寄（くちよする、神がかりして死者の魂の言葉をのべる）の名人であった。
English: She dances as if she were a legendary wizard and sings like a bird; She plays the koto (Japanese zither) and taps a drum with the finger tips very well, so men and women of all ages in the world visit her regardless of differences in social standing.
Japanese: 仙人のように舞い、鳥のさえずるように歌い、琴や鼓の音もすばらしく、天下の老若男女が貴賤を問わず訪れた。
English: Nobody can compare with him among kyoryosho (scholarship students), tokugyosho (selected students), shinshi (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test), shusai (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test), jogo (a student who completed a course), and taigyo (one who passed the test to become an official).
Japanese: 現在の給料生・得業生・進士・秀才・成業・大業の者で肩を並べる者はない。
English: Chikusoku hachimen zo: "chikusoku" is a way of counting bamboos by the number of bundles of bamboo.
Japanese: 竹束八面蔵：竹を束ねた際の周囲の数から、竹の総数を算出する方法が竹束。
English: Chotanbusu sekibeki: this would have been a method of calculation to find the area of an indeterminate form of paddy and field.
Japanese: 町段歩数積冪（ちょうたんぶすせきべき）：不定形の田畑の面積を測定する計算法か。
English: A descendant of Bunza TANJI was on his father's side and a great-grandchild of Ujinaga SATSUMA was on his mother's side; he is a big man and has unrivaled physical strength.
Japanese: 父方は丹治文佐の子孫、母方は薩摩氏長の曾孫、大男で怪力勇敢、どんな名人もかなわない。
English: Uchikarami: kakezori (hooking backwards body drop); The attacker hooks the defender's closest leg, and drives his head into the defender's side to force him over backwards.
Japanese: 内搦（うちからみ）：かけぞり、足を相手の内股に掛け、体をそらしてひねり倒す。
English: Watashikake: the attacker and his opponent grip each other's belts with both hands, and the attacker hooks his leg from the outside or inside, pushing his opponent's upper body with his hands, and forces him down.
Japanese: 亙繋（わたしかけ）：四つに組んで外掛けまたは内掛けし、手で相手の上体を押し倒す。
English: Although she plays the innocent in front of her husband, she lives for her food and is also a heavy drinker, so when she sees some food, she licks her lips and takes a big bite into it like a dog.
Japanese: 食道楽で酒飲み、夫の前では猫をかぶっているが、食べ物を前にすると犬のように舌なめずりしてかぶりつく。
English: She has a beautiful figure, but wants to marry a man who is a shipping agent using horses and carts (in order to eat delicious food).
Japanese: 容姿端麗なのに、（うまい物を食べられるように）馬借・車借の嫁になりたかったのだ。
English: Iwashi no suiri: a dish of cooked sardines with vinegar to get rid of the fishy smell.
Japanese: 鰯酢煎（いわしのすいり）：鰯を煮る際に酢を入れて生臭さを取った料理。
English: (As she hoped,) her husband is a shipping agent using horses and carts, and his pseudonym is OCHIKATABE no Tsugoro and his real name is Mochiyuki TSUMORI; he runs around from Otsu and Sakamoto in the east to Yodo and Yamasaki in the west.
Japanese: 夫は（希望通りの）馬借・車借で字は越方部津五郎、名は津守持行、東は大津・坂本から西は淀・山崎まで走り回っている。
English: Although he is arrogant and does not know how to plead with others, he works for his family so hard that he can't take off his shoes, getting chapped feet.
Japanese: 尊大で人に頭を下げるということを知らないが、靴を脱ぐ暇もなく、足にひびやあかぎれをつくりながらただ家族のために働いている。
English: His appearance shows that he is an innate carpenter, because he has eyes like an inkpot, clarifying what is right and what is wrong, and has saw-like teeth, an adze-like neck, a mallet-shaped head (his forehead and the back of the head protrude like a mallet), fingers like a bamboo brushes, elbows like a carpenter's square, shoulders like the Southern barbarian gimlet, and hammer-shaped feet.
Japanese: その風貌は、目は墨壷のようで曲直を正し、歯は鋸のよう、首は手斧のよう、さいづち頭（木槌のように額と後頭部のでっぱった頭）で、指は墨刺（竹の筆）、肘は曲尺（直角に曲がったものさし）、肩は南蛮錐の柄のよう、足は金づちと、まさに生まれついての大工である。
English: It is a structure placing pieces of wood in the shape of a steep roof over a roof beam of a gable or irimoya style (building with a half-hipped roof), and erecting a short support in the center.
Japanese: 切妻や入母屋造の梁の上に木材を合掌の形に組んで、中央に束を立てたもの。
English: Basho MATSUO (1644 - November 28, 1694) was a haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) poet from present-day Iga City, Mie Prefecture in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 松尾芭蕉（まつおばしょう、寛永21年（1644年）-元禄7年10月12日(旧暦)（1694年11月28日））は現在の三重県伊賀市出身の江戸時代前期の俳諧師である。
English: Basho left Edo on May 16, 1689 with his disciple Sora KAWAI and traveled to Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture through Tohoku and Hokuriku regions.
Japanese: 芭蕉が弟子の河合曾良を伴い、元禄2年3月27日(旧暦)（1689年5月16日）に江戸を立ち東北、北陸を巡り岐阜県の大垣市まで旅した。
English: He was born as the second son of Yozaemon MATSUO and his wife Ume in Iga Province (present Iga City, Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 伊賀国（現在の三重県伊賀市）で、松尾与左衛門と妻・梅の次男として生まれる。
English: There are two theories regarding his birthplace, one of which is Akasaka (present Uenoakasaka Town, Iga City) and the other is Tsuge (present Tsuge, Iga City).
Japanese: 出生地には、赤坂（現在の伊賀市上野市赤坂町）説と柘植（現在の伊賀市柘植）説の2説がある。
English: This is because the Matsuo family moved from Tsuge to Akasaka and it is unknown whether Basho was born before or after moving.
Japanese: これは芭蕉の出生前後に松尾家が柘植から赤坂へ引っ越しをしていて、引っ越しと芭蕉誕生とどちらが先だったかが不明だからである。
English: At a young age, he served shukei (budget bureau) Yoshitada TODO (his haigo was Sengin), who was an heir of Yoshikiyo TODO, a Samurai-Daisho (commander of warriors) of Ueno in Iga Province, and studied under Kigin KITAMURA to start learning haikai with Yoshitada, who was two years older.
Japanese: 若くして伊賀国上野の侍大将・藤堂良清の嗣子・主計藤堂良忠（俳号は蝉吟）に仕え、2歳年上の良忠とともに北村季吟に師事して俳諧の道に入った。
English: In 1672, he dedicated his first haiku collection "Kai Oi" (The Seashell Game) to Uenotenman-gu Shrine (Iga City, Mie Prefecture).
Japanese: 寛文12年（1672年）、処女句集『貝おほひ』を上野天満宮（三重県伊賀市）に奉納。
English: In 1675, he went down to Edo and was involved in the work of the Kanda River (Tokyo), and then became a master in 1678 to become a professional haikai poet.
Japanese: 延宝3年（1675年）に江戸に下り、神田川(東京都)の工事に携わった後は延宝6年（1678年）に宗匠となり、職業的な俳諧師となった。
English: A disciple Rika gave him basho (a Japanese banana (plant)) and planted one basho tree, which grew big, so he named his hut Bashoan.
Japanese: 門人の李下から芭蕉を贈られ、バショウの木を一株植えたのが大いに茂ったので「芭蕉庵」と名付けた。
English: The hut was burned in the big fire of Tenwa (so called the fire of Yaoya Oshichi (greengrocer Oshichi)) in 1682, and he was invited to the Yamura domain, Kai Province (Tsuru City, Yamanashi Prefecture) by kunigaro (the chief retainer in charge of the fief in the absence of the lord) Denemon TAKAYAMA to roam and live there.
Japanese: 天和(日本)2年（1682年）の天和の大火（いわゆる八百屋お七の火事）で庵を焼失し、甲斐国谷村藩（山梨県都留市）の国家老高山伝右衝門に招かれ流寓する。
English: He often hit the trail and left writings dealing with travel such as "The Records of a Weather-Exposed Skeleton," "Kashima Journal," "Oi no Kobumi" (Manuscript in My Knapsack), and "A Visit to Sarashina Village."
Japanese: しばしば旅に出て、『野ざらし紀行』・『鹿島紀行』・『笈の小文』・『更科紀行』などの紀行文を残した。
English: In 1689, he left on the trip of "the Narrow Road to the Deep North" with his disciple Sora KAWAI and came back to Edo in 1691.
Japanese: 元禄2年（1689年）、弟子の河合曾良を伴って『奥の細道』の旅に出、元禄4年（1691年）に江戸に帰った。
English: He left a haiku "Tabi ni yande/yume wa kareno o/kakemeguru" (Sick on a journey, my dreams wander the withered fields) at Nizaemon HANAYA's lodge in Midosuji, Osaka and died abroad (It is often said to be a death haiku in hindsight.
Japanese: 大阪御堂筋の旅宿・花屋仁左衛門方で「旅に病んで夢は枯野をかけ廻る」の句を残して客死した（よく辞世の句と言われているが結果論である。
English: "Aki fukaki/tonari wa nani wo/suru hito zo" (Deep autumn, how does my neighbor live, I wonder?) was created right before he became fatally ill in bed.)
Japanese: なお、「秋深き隣は何をする人ぞ」は死の床に臥す直前に書いた句である）。
English: He was buried next to the grave of Yoshinaka KISO located in Gicho-ji Temple in Zeze, Otsu City, according to his living will "(to place his grave) next to MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka. "
Japanese: 生前の「（墓は）源義仲の隣に」という遺言により、大津膳所（ぜぜ）の義仲寺（ぎちゅうじ）にある木曾義仲の墓の隣に葬られた。
English: His disciples included Kikaku TAKARAI, Ransetsu HATTORI, Kyoriku MORIKAWA, Kyorai MUKAI, Shiko KAGAMI, Joso NAITO, Sora KAWAI, Sanpu SUGIYAMA, Hokushi TACHIBANA, Yaba SHIDA, and Etsujin OCHI, who were called the ten representative pupils under Basho MATSUO, and Boncho NOZAWA.
Japanese: 弟子に蕉門十哲と呼ばれる宝井其角、服部嵐雪、森川許六、向井去来、各務支考、内藤丈草、河合曽良、杉山杉風、立花北枝、志太野坡、越智越人や野沢凡兆などがいる。
English: October 12 in old lunar calendar is the anniversary of his death (currently observed according to the New calendar (solar calendar)) and is called Toseiki (Peach Green Anniversary), Shigure ki (Winter-Drizzle Anniversary), or Okina ki (Old Man's anniversary), etc.
Japanese: 忌日である10月12日（現在は新暦で実施される）は、桃青忌・時雨忌・翁忌などと呼ばれる。
English: His famous haiku include 'Furu ike ya/kawazu tobikomu/mizu no oto' (Ah! The ancient pond, as a frog takes the plunge, sound of the water) (An autograph tanzaku (long, narrow card on which Japanese poems are written vertically) exists in Kakimori Bunko (a museum - library for the Kakimori Collection)), 'Ara umi ya/Sado ni yokotau/ama no gawa' (Turbulent sea, above Sado, stretches the Milky Way), 'Natsu-kusa ya/tsuwamono-domo ga/yume no ato' (Mounds of summer grass - the place where noble soldiers one time dreamed a dream).
Japanese: 「古池や蛙飛込む水の音」（柿衞文庫に直筆の短冊が現存する）、「荒海や佐渡に横たふ天の河」、「夏草や兵（つはもの）どもが夢のあと」などが有名である。
English: Matsushima ya/Aa Matsushima ya/Matsushima ya' (Matsushima, Ah! Matsushima! Matsushima!) is commonly known as Basho's haiku, but it is actually attributed to Tawarabo, a kyoka (comic (satirical) tanka) writer in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 芭蕉の作と言われている「松島やああ松島や松島や」は、実際は江戸時代後期の狂歌師・田原坊の作とされている。