nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In September 252, the king of Paekche, met Nagahiko CHIKUMA, an envoy from Japan, and gave him one seven-pronged sword, one nanatsuko no kagami (a mirror with seven small decoration mirrors), and various other treasures, hoping to form a friendship ("Nihonshoki," from the article dated September 252 during the reign of Empress Jingu).
Japanese: 五十二年秋九月丁卯朔丙子久氐等從千熊長彥詣之　則獻七枝刀一口七子鏡一面及種種重寶仍啟曰臣國以西有水源出自谷那鐵山其邈七日行之不及當飲是水便取是山鐵以永奉聖朝乃謂孫枕流王曰今我所通東海貴國是天所啟是以垂天恩割海西而賜我由是國基永固汝當善脩和好聚斂土物奉貢不絕雖死何恨自是後每年相續朝貢焉（『日本書紀』神功皇后摂政五十二年九月の条）
English: This date is not reliable, but the date in Nihonshoki around this period is said to have moved up 120 years, and if it is corrected, the year becomes 372, which corresponds to the year of creation (369), therefore it is considered that the description in Nihonshoki refers to this sword, though there is no description in "Samguk Sagi," a history book of Korea.
Japanese: この年代は信頼が置けないが、この頃の書紀の記述は丁度干支二巡分（120年）年代が繰り上げられているとされており、訂正すると372年となって制作年の太和四年（369年）と符合することから、朝鮮の史書『三国史記』には記述がないものの、書紀の記述はこの剣を指していると考えられる。
English: The sacred area such as Isonokami-jingu Shrine was originally an arsenal of the Imperial Court, and it treasured many weapons.
Japanese: 石上神宮のような神域は、もと朝廷の武器庫であり、多くの武器を宝蔵した。
English: Its existence had been forgotten for more than thousand years, but it was found by Masatomo KAN (1824-97), and the letters inlaid with gold was polished out.
Japanese: 千年以上もその存在が忘れられていたが、菅政友（かんまさとも、1824年-1897年）によって見出され、金象嵌の文字が研ぎ出された。
English: (On the front side) 泰?四年?月十六日丙午正陽造百錬?七支刀?辟百兵宜供供(異体字、尸二大)王????作
Japanese: 表・泰■四年■月十六日丙午正陽造百錬■七支刀■辟百兵宜供供（異体字、尸二大）王■■■■作
English: (On the back side) 先世(異体字、ﾛ人)来未有此刀百済?世?奇生聖(異体字、音又は晋の上に点)故為(異体字、尸二大)王旨造???世
Japanese: 裏・先世（異体字、ﾛ人）来未有此刀百済■世■奇生聖（異体字、音又は晋の上に点）故為（異体字、尸二大）王旨造■■■世
English: (On the front side) 泰?四年十?月十六日丙午正陽造百錬?七支刀?辟百兵宜供供侯王????作
Japanese: 表・泰■四年十■月十六日丙午正陽造百錬■七支刀■辟百兵宜供供侯王■■■■作
English: (On the front side) In May, the middle of summer in 468, at noon on the hottest summer day of Hinoeuma, the steel seven-pronged sword which was forged 100 times was made; With this, all troubles caused by weapons will be avoided; May polite and modest Hou Wang (Holy Marquis) flourish, live long, and be brought the biggest luck and happiness.
Japanese: 〔表面〕泰始四年五月十六日丙午正陽　造百練鋼七支刀　呂辟百兵　宜供供侯王永年大吉祥
English: (On the back side) Since the previous generation, a sword like this (seven-pronged sword) have not existed; An heir of the King of Paekche mysteriously had imperial virtues by nature; Then it was made for the king of Wa for the first time; So it should be showed to the posterity; There is no Chinese character which corresponds to ** in the dictionary.
Japanese: 〔裏面〕先世以来未有此刀　百□王世子奇生聖徳　故為倭王旨造　伝示後世　□に該当する字、辞書にない。
English: (On the front side) 'In May, the middle of summer in 468, at noon on the hottest summer day of Hinoeuma, the steel seven-pronged sword which was forged 100 times was made.
Japanese: 〔表面〕「泰始四年（468年）夏の中月なる5月、夏のうち最も夏なる日の16目、火徳の旺んなる丙午の日の正牛の刻に、百度鍛えたる鋼の七支刀を造る。
English: May polite and modest Hou Wang (Holy Marquis) flourish, live long, and be brought the biggest luck and happiness.'
Japanese: 恭謹の徳ある侯王に栄えあれ、寿命を長くし、大吉の福祥あらんことを。」
English: Of them, 49 letters are quite readable to some extent, and four of them cannot be read at all, and the last eight letters can be read with a clue of the barely remaining strokes.
Japanese: ある程度の確実性を以て、読めるもの49字、全く読めないもの4字、後の8字はわずかに残る線画によって推測するしかない。
English: The front side has a date of creation, a set phrase (a conventional auspicious phrase) as to casting, and a name of the artisan who made the sword immediately.
Japanese: 表面は、製作の年月、鋳造に関する決まり文句（慣用的な吉祥句）、直接製作に当たった工人の名を記している。
English: There is an opinion that Geunchogo, the king of Paekche (his prince, King Geungusu = King Kurusu) made it by 'order' of the king of Wa.
Japanese: 百済王の近肖王（太子の近仇首王＝貴須王）から倭王の「旨」のために造った、との解釈もある。
English: Since the Meiji period, various opinions has been advanced and an established theory does not appear yet, but there are opinions that the fourth year of Tai** should be the fourth year of Taishi, or that it should be the year of 369.
Japanese: 明治より今日まで議論百出で未だ定説はないが、泰■四年を泰始四年として468年を当てる説や、369年とする説などがある。
English: Various theories as to the reason why the king of Paekche sent the seven-pronged sword to the king of Wa are also still being constructed.
Japanese: また、百済王が七支刀を何故倭王に贈ったのか、ということについても議論百出である。
English: Aisho refers to the compatibility of qualities and characters between two or more people.
Japanese: 相性（あいしょう）とは、二人ないし複数の人間が各々持つ性質や性格が合うかどうかのことである。
English: By further extension, when speaking of machine parts, 'aisho' is sometimes used to say if the combination of the parts is good or bad.
Japanese: 転じて、機械部品などの物に対しても、組み合わせが良い・悪いという場合に相性という言い方をする場合がある。
English: Aisho was originally derived from the part of the philosophy of Onmyo gogyo (Yin-Yang Wu-Xin), which explained that when the attributes of all things influence each other in a good way, they become stronger; when they balance out the good qualities in each other, on the other hand, this invites bad situations.
Japanese: 相性の、元々の意味は陰陽五行思想の一端で、全ての事物が持つ属性が、相互に良い意味で影響しあってより強まるか、逆に相互の良い部分を相殺しあって悪い状態を招くかといったものである。
English: To put it shortly, the idea is that when fire and wood are combined, the fire gathers strength and produces a high level of heat, but when fire and water are combined, not only the water evaporates, the fire loses its momentum.
Japanese: 端的にいうなら、火と木が合わさると、火は勢いを増しより多くの熱を発生させるが、逆に火と水とでは水は炎で蒸発してしまうほか、火もその勢いを削がれる...といったようなものである。
English: The actual idea is much more complicated; nonetheless, the relationship, in which things, such as four elements, influence each other and this then leads to a consequence, was expressed with a term 'aisho.'
Japanese: 実際はより複雑であるが、こういった思想の類型では四大元素など、相互に影響しあって何らかの結果を招くという意味で、この関係性が「相性」という言葉で表された。
English: Especially in the philosophy of Onmyo, it is not hard to imagine that term was applied to various aspects of things including the relationship between men and women, which are considered to be of opposite elements.
Japanese: 特に陰陽では相反する要素と考える男女の関係性などを含む様々な側面でも利用されたことは想像に難くない。
English: In the modern times, the philosophy of Onmyo gogyo is not much cared for in general; simply, when the mutual relationship between the elements or attributes of people develops to a desired direction, it is said to have a 'good aisho,' and when the combination may produces an undesirable result, it is said to have a 'bad aisho.'
Japanese: ただ更に時代を下った近代では、陰陽五行思想は一般には余り気に掛けられず、専ら各々の人などが持つ要素・属性などの相互関係で、望ましい方向に発展することを「相性が良い」といい、どうも芳しくない結果に陥りがちな関係は「相性が悪い」と表現する。
English: In such a case, 'aisho' is placed importance in terms of various human relationships such as the relationship between lovers and the relationships concerning the organizational roles including those between the boss and the subordinates and between co-workers, as well as the relationship between friends.
Japanese: この場合は、恋人関係から上司と部下など組織の役職を含む関係や同僚ないし仲間同士など、様々な人間関係でこの「相性」が気にされる。
English: However, the characteristics of individuals are varied, and depending on the combination, different mutual effects are produced.
Japanese: しかし個人の持つ要素が多岐に渡り、その組み合わせによっても様々な相互作用が発生しうる。
English: Even in similar cases, the result can be greatly different depending on the situation; this is not something which can be predicted beforehand.
Japanese: ともすれば似たようなケースでもシチュエーションが違えば結果も大きく変化するなど、事前に判るような性質のものでは無い。
English: In most cases, when someone is said to have a 'good/bad aisho' with another person, it expresses the result of an already established relationship.
Japanese: 大抵の場合において「相性が良い/悪い」という場合は、予め関係しあった結果を指す傾向にある。
English: For example, as a result of getting to know each other as lovers, two people consider themselves compatible by taking into account both the good and bad qualities in each other and decide to get married; or one always gets nervous in front of a certain boss, and because of it, cannot bring a good result and gets scolded all the time; or one cannot help reprimanding a certain subordinate because of his/her attitude; or one always has great conversations with a certain co-worker, but not with another.
Japanese: 例えば、恋人として付き合った結果としてお互いの長所も短所も好ましい性質と感じて結婚に至ったり、どうも所定の上司の前で緊張してしまって良い結果が出せず叱られてばかりだとか、所定の部下に対してだけ態度に不満があって強く注意してしまいがちだとか、あるいはあの同僚とは一緒に話していても楽しくないが、別の同僚とは話が弾む...などである。
English: In this type of aisho, the nature of the relationship between the given people is often fundamentally different from that of others even if this cannot be explained rationally.
Japanese: こういった相性では、しばしばあることだが、理知的には説明できないながらも明らかに所定人物同士の関係性が多とは決定的に異なることもある。
English: The so-called 'love at first sight' (when one is attracted to someone without even knowing him/her) or 'getting under one's skin' (the emotion of frustration and anger that is suppressed (psychology) and continual) are the situations which are controlled by emotions inexplicable to the one experiencing it, and as a result of which causes one to feel that he/she has a good/bad aisho with the given person.
Japanese: いわゆる「一目ぼれ」（訳も判らず一見で気に入ってしまうこと）や「癪に障る」（苛立たしいと感じる・怒りのうち抑圧(心理学)され継続的なもの）など、当事者には説明しがたい感情に支配された結果、相性が良い/悪いとみなされる場合もある。
English: Generally speaking, aisho has an aspect which 'cannot be discovered unless one actually has a certain degree of closeness to the person.'
Japanese: 往々にして「付き合ってみないことには判らない」という側面のある相性だ。
English: However, it cannot be denied that, as social animals that cannot exist outside the social relationships, humans have desire to know it beforehand; as such, often there is a tendency in us which tries to know the compatibility with others in advance.
Japanese: しかしこれを予め知りたいという欲求も、人間がその関係性のなかでしか存在できない（社会的動物）という面もあるために無理の無いところで、しばしばこういった相性を知ろうという考えも存在する。
English: The so-called character diagnosis also has such an aspect, and the fortune-telling which predicts the compatibility with a certain person is more popular and common sphere.
Japanese: いわゆる性格判断などはそういった側面もあるが、更に広く通俗的な分野では、特定の誰かとの相性を知ろうという占いも盛んである。
English: The fortune-telling is based on a theory which is not necessarily logical, which is to say unreliable; however, it has an aspect as an entertainment and it is popular among people.
Japanese: 占いは必ずしも理知的ではない論理に基づいた、言い換えればあやふやなものではあるが、娯楽としての要素もあり、大衆に親しまれている。
English: Not to mention the character diagnosis, character grouping by blood types (or fortune-telling by blood types) and horoscope, there is even toys such as a 'love-tester'; there are many activities and commercial products related to predicting aisho.
Japanese: 姓名判断や血液型性格分類（ないし血液型占い）、占星術は言うに及ばずラブテスターのような玩具に至るまで枚挙に暇が無く、こういった行為や関連する物品は多い。
English: An activity like magic also often deals with the idea of aisho.
Japanese: また呪術のようなものの中にも、こういった相性に関係するものは多々見出せる。
English: It refers to a phenomenon in which, because of the combination of parts which have not gone through the operation verification, the operation of a personal computer (PC) becomes unstable or the PC cannot be activated.
Japanese: 動作検証が済んでいないパーツの組み合わせにより、パーソナルコンピュータ(PC)の動作が不安定になったり、PCが起動しなくなること。
English: And, it is also possible that some operating parts and drivers are the cause and when the computer falls into such a state, it is often better to change the configuration rather than trying to solve the problem.
Japanese: などがあり、すでに動作しているパーツやドライバが原因の可能性も考えられ、この状態に陥ると、解決を目指すよりも、諦めて構成を変更したほうが良い場合が多い。
English: This is a phenomenon which happens basically because of differences in features and basic structures as a result of misreading of common specifications.
Japanese: 基本的に共通仕様上の読み違いによって、特性や基本構造に差異があるために起こる現象だ。
English: However, this is an 'incomprehensible inconvenience (competing)' from users' point of view and the adjustment of the problematic parts is extremely difficult, not to mention understanding the cause of the problem.
Japanese: しかしユーザーにして見れば「何だか判らない不都合（競合）」であり、問題の判別は勿論、異常個所の修正は困難を極める。
English: The background of the case when a user is told to 'just buy a new one' is the idea that 'because the causes of the problem can be infinite, it is actually cheaper to buy a new one rather than spending time to specify the problem, even though the cost of the computer itself is wasted.'
Japanese: 「むしろ買い換えるべきだ」とすら言われている背景には、「原因が無限に考えられ得るため、特定する手間を考えれば、購入資金分を諦めて別の同等品を新しく買った方が安上がり」という考えがある。
English: It is better, however, to check if the individual parts operate normally at a shop where the computer was purchased as there is a possibility that it is a defective product.
Japanese: しかし中には不良品である可能性も含まれるため、購入店で個別に動作するかを確かめてもらう方が良い。
English: On the other hand, vicious dealers might falsely blame the problem as 'the problem of compatibility' even if it was a defective product in the first place.
Japanese: 逆に悪質な販売店では、初期不良品を「相性の問題だ」で済ます場合もある。
English: For the people involved, this can said to be a 'black hole' even when it is compared to/dev/null.
Japanese: 関係者にとっては/dev/null以上に「何でも飲み込む穴」と云う事もできる。
English: Okimi is a historical term which generally refers to the chief of the Yamato sovereignty (Japan) from the latter half of the third century to the end of the seventh century which is from the Kofun (tumulus) period to the Asuka period.
Japanese: 大王（おおきみ）とは、一般に3世紀後半から7世紀末頃、古墳時代から飛鳥時代にかけてのヤマト王権（倭国）の首長を指していう歴史用語。
English: The title okimi and amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi (the title of the king of Wa) were established at least by the latter half of the fifth century, and it is thought that these titles were used in Japan until the 680s when the compilation of the Asuka Kiyomihara Code began.
Japanese: 5世紀後半までに大王・治天下大王（あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ）の称号が成立し、この称号が飛鳥浄御原令の編纂が始まった680年代まで日本国内において用いられたと考えられている。
English: This was the title in the Zhou dynasty for the single emperor who ruled the world, but when China entered the warring states period (China), the lords who were supposed to be the vassals of the king fought and called themselves 'king,' which led to an upsurge in the number of kings scattered throughout the country.
Japanese: 周代には天下を統治する唯一の天子として王の称号があったが、戦国時代_(中国)に入ると王の臣下であるはずの諸侯が争って「王」を自称したため、王が乱立した。
English: Later, the first Qin Emperor who unified China for the first time (221 BC) used the new title 'emperor' instead of the title of king which lost its value.
Japanese: その後、中国をはじめて統一した（紀元前221年）秦の始皇帝は、価値を落とした王号に代わって新しい称号「皇帝」を使用した。
English: Afterwards, as the Former Han was established (221 B.C.), the title of king settled as a title (vassal king) which was given to the emperor's vassals.
Japanese: その後、前漢が成立する（紀元前221年）と王号は皇帝の臣下へ与えられる称号（諸侯王）として定着した。
English: The first appearance of the title of king related to Japan is the 'Kanno Wano Nano Kokuo' (the King of Japan, Chinese Colony) seen in the gold seal given by the Emperor Guangwu of Han to the king of Nakoku.
Japanese: 日本に関連する王号の初出は、漢の光武帝が奴国の王に賜綬した金印に見える「漢委奴国王印」である。
English: Following this, in the article of the Record of Emperor An in 107 in the "History of the Later Han Dynasty," the word 'Wakokuo' (the King of Wa) is first seen.
Japanese: 次いで、『後漢書』安帝紀の永初二年（107年）の記事に初めて「倭国王」の語が見える。
English: As it is written 'the King of Wa Suishora' in the Record of Emperor An, it is possible to think that the King of Wa was not a toparchy of the region, but was a 'King of Wa' as a chief of several regional nations, and this is thought to be the establishment of Wakoku (country of Wa).
Japanese: 安帝紀に「倭国王帥升等」とあるように、倭国王は地域の小国家ではなく、いくつかの地域国家連合の首長としての「倭国の王」と考えることができ、これは倭国の成立を示すものではないかとされる。
English: Also Himiko, who lived in a time slightly after this, was acknowledged by the Wei as a 'Wao' (king of Wa), a unified ruler of Wakoku.
Japanese: それからやや下った時代の卑弥呼もまた、魏によって倭国の統一的な長、「倭王」と認知されている。
English: In the first part of the article on the enthronement of Osazaki no Sumeramikoto (Emperor Nintoku) in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) (from the end of the fourth century to the beginning of the fifth century), the words 'Okimi, image...' are seen, but it is unclear whether these words were used from this period.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』大鷦鷯（仁徳）天皇（4世紀末から5世紀初頭）即位前紀に「大王、風姿...」と見えるが、当時から用いられていたかは定かではない。
English: The notation of okimi is first seen in this Ojin section, and is later seen in records such as Ingyo section, Yuryaku section, Kenzo section, and Keitai section.
Japanese: 大王の表記はこの応神紀で初めて見え、その後は、允恭紀、雄略紀、顕宗紀、継体紀などでみられる。
English: King Wakatakeru (Emperor Yuryaku), who is often identified as the last wabu of the five kings of Wa, is surmised to have used the title of amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi within Japan.
Japanese: 倭の五王の最後の倭武に比定されることの多い、5世紀半ばに在位したワカタケル王（雄略天皇、おおはつせわかたけるのみこと）は、国内において治天下大王の称号を名乗っていたと推測されている。
English: On the inscriptions on an iron sword excavated from the Eta Funayama Tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture, it says 'amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi,' suggesting that the title amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi had been born at least by this period (the end of the fifth century).
Japanese: 熊本県の江田船山古墳から出土した鉄剣・鉄刀銘文には「台天下獲□□□鹵大王」とあり、この頃（5世紀後期）には治天下大王の称号が生まれたことを示唆している。
English: However, on an iron sword excavated from Inariyama-kofun Tumulus in Saitama Prefecture, it says 'Wakatakeru okimi,' and it is thought that the title okimi was also used.
Japanese: ただし、埼玉県の稲荷山古墳から出土した鉄剣には「獲加多支鹵（わかたける）大王」とあり、大王号も併用されていたのではないかと考えられている。
English: On the Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror owned by Suda Hachiman-gu Shrine in Wakayama Prefecture, the following description is seen.
Japanese: 和歌山県の隅田八幡宮所蔵の隅田八幡宮人物画像鏡には以下の記述が見られる。
English: In the eighth month of a gui-wei year, in the reign of the great king, when the prince Wooto was at the Oshisaka Palace, Shima, wishing for longevity, sent two persons to make this mirror from 200 han of brand-new and fine bronze (Toshio FUKUYAMA).
Japanese: 「癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意紫沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此鏡」（福山俊男）
English: There are theories regarding the interpretation of the year of the Yin Water Sheep, in which the mirror with descriptions of 'okimi' and 'oto no kimi' was made, such as it was the year 383, 443, 503, or 623, but among these, the strongest theory is that it was the year 443 (Emperor Ingyo) or 503 (Emperor Buretsu).
Japanese: 「大王」「男弟王」などの記述がある本鏡が作成された癸未年の解釈をめぐっては、383年、443年、503年、623年などの説があるが、このうち443年（允恭天皇）、503年（武烈天皇）が有力な説とされる。
English: If you take the theory of the year 443, the notation of 'okimi' would have been used by the middle of the fifth century, but since there are many letters in which the reading is not determined including the variant characters on inscriptions about counting years, there are various interpretations regarding the contents of the inscriptions, which makes it difficult to determine the precise date in which the 'okimi' notation started being used.
Japanese: 443年を採ると5世紀の半ばには「大王」表記が用いられていたことになるが、紀年銘の異体字をはじめ釈読の定まらない文字が多く、銘文の内容について解釈が多様化しており、「大王」表記の厳密な使用開始年代ははっきりしない。
English: In addition, in the johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) of the first Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty China in 600 described in 'Volume 80 chapter 46 Dongyi Wakoku' in "Suishu" (the Book of Sui Dynasty), it says 'in the year 600, the king of Wa, the surname Ame, the popular name Tarishihoko, calling himself Okimi' and it is thought that the title of the king of Wa, Tarishihiko, represents 'okimi.'
Japanese: その他、『隋書』「卷八十一列傳第四十六東夷俀國」に記述される開皇20年（600年）第1回遣隋使の上奏文に「俀王姓阿毎字多利思北孤號阿輩雞彌」とあり、俀王多利思比孤の号「阿輩雞彌」が「おおきみ」を表すと考えられている。
English: In the Johyobun (sovereign's message) for the second Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty China in 607, it says 'hi izuru tokoro no tenshi sho wo hi bossuru tokoro no tenshi ni itasu tsutsuganashiya unnun' (from the sovereign of the land of the rising sun to the sovereign of the land of the setting sun) and externally, the title of 'tenshi' (emperor) is used.
Japanese: 大業3年（607年）第2回遣隋使の上表文（国書）には、「日出處天子致書日沒處天子無恙云云」とあり、対外的には「天子」の称号が使われている。
English: However, within Japan, the titles 'okimi' and 'amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi' are said to have been used.
Japanese: しかし、国内においては「大王（おおきみ）」「治天下大王（あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ）」号が使用されていたとされる。
English: On the inscription on the halo of the statue of Yakushi Nyorai (the Healing Buddha) in the Kon-do (golden hall) of Horyu-ji Temple, erected by Prince Shotoku in the beginning of the seventh century, it says 'Ike no be no omiya amenoshitashiroshimesu tenno' (Emperor Yomei) and 'Owarida no Omiya amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi tenno' (Emperor Suiko), and it can be assumed that the title 'amenoshitashiroshimesu' was used.
Japanese: 7世紀初頭に聖徳太子が建立した法隆寺の金堂薬師如来像の光背銘に、「池邊大宮治天下天皇」（用明天皇）、「小治田大宮治天下大王天皇」（推古天皇）とあり、治天下大王（あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ）の称号が用いられていたことが推定される。
English: However, from the fact that on the inscription itself, words such as 'tenno' (emperor) and 'togu' (crown prince), and Japanese expressions such as 'oomimi itazuki tamaishitoki' (the emperor is sick) are used, which are too early to be used for the reign of Empress Suiko, and also from the fact that the writing style had a tenor of the early Tang period; accordingly there are theories that these expressions are from the early Tang period, leaving many questions.
Japanese: しかしこの銘文自体が、「天皇」、「東宮聖王」などの語や「大御身労賜時」といった日本的な表現が使用されており、推古朝では早過ぎることや、書風に初唐の趣があることから初唐代のものとする説などがあり、疑問が多い。
English: One is a traditional popular theory that the notation of tenno first appeared in the October 608 article in the Suiko section as 'higashi no tenno tsutsushimite nishi no tenno ni mosu' (the emperor of the east respects the emperor of the west).
Japanese: 一つ目は、初出とされる推古紀16年9月の条の「東の天皇、敬みて西の皇帝に白す。」であるとする従来の通説である。
English: Another theory holds that, based on the fact that there is the 'Shikishimamiya amenoshitashiroshimesu tenno' (Emperor Kinmei) in the Tenjukoku-shucho (the oldest needlework painting in Japan, a national treasure), and in the preface of "Kaifuso" (Fond Recollections of Poetry) the notation of tenno is used for the emperors after Emperor Jito only, the notation of tenno along with the kogo (empress) was regulated with the Asuka Kiyomihara Code and started to be used since then.
Japanese: そのほか天寿国繍帳（てんじゅこくしゅうちょう）の「斯帰斯麻宮治天下天皇」（欽明）があり、そして『懐風藻』序文で持統天皇以後についてのみ天皇表記が用いられていることを根拠に、皇后の表記とともに飛鳥浄御原令（あすかきよみがはらりょう）において規定され、使用されるようになったという説である。
English: For the notation of 'tenno,' the Japanese reading of the Chinese character is 'sumeramikoto' and 'sumeroki.'
Japanese: 「天皇」という表記には「すめらみこと」「すめろき」の熟字訓が当てられている。
English: The adoption of 'tenno' as the official notation of the monarch is said to be most likely during the reign of Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 君主の公的な表記としての「天皇」の採用は、天武朝であった可能性が高いとされる。
English: Emperor Tenmu is surmised to have adopted the notation of tenno following Empress Sokuten of the Tang who changed her title from 'Kotei' (emperor) to 'Tenno' (emperor) in 674.
Japanese: 唐の則天武后が674年に「皇帝」を「天皇」と改称したのにならい、天武天皇も天皇表記を採用したのではないかと推測されている。
English: The 'tenno (great emperor)' is the name of the supreme god of space in ancient China and has a deep relationship with Taoism thoughts, and also during the administration of Emperor Tenmu the Taoism influence was accepted, which supports the theory that the Emperor Tenmu started using the notation of tenno.
Japanese: 「天皇（大帝）」は中国古代の宇宙の最高神天帝の名で、道教思想と深い関わりを持つが、天武の施政には道教的色彩が認められ、天武が天皇表記を用い始めたとする説を補強している。
English: Shavings of a mokkan (narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write on in ancient times) with words such as 'Otsuo' (Prince Otsu), 'Tsuo' (Prince Tsu) and 'Oji' (prince) were excavated from Asuka-kyo site.
Japanese: 飛鳥京跡から「大津皇」「津皇」「皇子」などの文字の見える木簡（もっかん）の削り屑が出土している。
English: These are thought to refer to Tenmu's child, Prince Otsu, and from other excavated mokkan, it is thought that these were from 681.
Japanese: これらは天武の子大津皇子を指すと解釈されており、同時出土の他の木簡から天武10年(681年）のものと考えられている。
English: The fact that the notation of oji is used in 681 is thought of as proof that the notation of tenno was used from before this time.
Japanese: 天武10年に皇子表記が使用されていることは、それ以前に天皇表記が用いられていることの証左だと考えられている。
English: The Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity refers to the treaty between Japan and the Joseon Dynasty concluded in 1876 and all agreements subsidiary to it.
Japanese: 日朝修好条規（にっちょうしゅうこうじょうき）は、1876年（明治9年、朝鮮暦高宗(朝鮮王)13年）に日本と李氏朝鮮との間で締結された条約とそれに付随した諸協定を含めて指す。
English: It is also called the Treaty of Ganghwa or the Bingzi Treaty of Amity, because it was signed after the Ganghwa Island incident on the year of Bingzi.
Japanese: 江華島事件後に調印されたため江華（島）条約（）とも、丙子の年に結ばれたために丙子修交条約ともいう。
English: The treaty was concluded between Japan and Korea after the Ganghwa Island incident in 1875, and consisted of 12 provisions of the treaty itself, 11 affiliated documents providing concrete contents, 11 trade rules, and official documents.
Japanese: 1875年に起きた江華島事件の後、日朝間で結ばれた条約であるが、条約そのものは全12款から成り、それとは別に具体的なことを定めた付属文書が全11款、貿易規則11則、及び公文がある。