nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Representative examples of such 'houses with diaries' include the Onomiya line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, which had the "Chuyuki" (especially noteworthy is its entry for Novenber 12, 1091), and the TAIRA no Takamune line of the Taira clan (particularly the entry "Suberagi no moto" [Under the Emperor] in their "Imakagami").
Japanese: 「日記の家」の代表格は小野宮流藤原氏（『中右記』寛治5年11月12日条ほか）及び平高棟平氏（『今鏡』すべらぎの下）である。
English: In addition to these examples, the Kajuji line of the Fujiwara clan is thought to have come from the same high pedigree as them, and the same feature of diary-writing appears in the Imperial House as well as in the Sekkanke (the house of regents and advisors).
Japanese: 他にも勧修寺流藤原氏が同様の家柄であったとされ、天皇家や摂関家などにも同様の機能が存在していた。
English: The apparatus to manage official documents under the Ritsuryo system, namely the Gekikyoku (Secretaries' Office) and the Benkankyoku (Controller's Office), was dismantled in the 10th century, which led people to begin seeking to modify the precedents for etiquette and legal judgments of public ceremonies and events according to what was found in the written record as recorded in diaries; this meant that for the noble families of aristocratic society, who tended to own many such diaries and could now use them to defend their own pedigree according to past precedent, great importance came to be attached to diaries.
Japanese: 外記局や弁官局などが持っていた律令制における公文書管理組織が解体していった10世紀に儀式や公事の作法・判断の典拠として日記に記された先例故実の校勘に求めるようになり、そうした日記を多く所持していた家系がそれを理由として先例故実の家柄として公家社会において重要視されるようになった。
English: As a result, during the Insei period (during which retired Emperors ruled), such families came to be called 'Nikki no ie' (houses with diaries), a nomenclature that mimicked earlier terms like 'Raku no ie' (musical houses) for those families historically famous for their musical accomplishment, as well as 'Kyuba no ie' (houses of fine archery and horsemanship) for families considered famous for their skill in the martial arts.
Japanese: こうした家々は院政期の頃から音楽の家柄である「楽の家」や武門の家柄である「弓馬の家」に倣って「日記の家」と呼ばれるようになった。
English: In such "houses with diaries," beyond simply having the family head of each successive generation record and then maintain ownership of a diary, family members would also make manuscript copies, abridged versions, and indices (by topic or category) of the house diary, and gain a thorough understanding and knowledge of court practices through research into what was recorded therein; moreover, such families also tried to guard against the possibility of losing their house diaries by setting up a governmental system in which they themselves could serve the Imperial Court as officials or the Sekkanke (the line of regents and advisors) as keishi (clerks and household superintendents) and karei (house retainers), thereby aiming to keep their family name stable and secure.
Japanese: 日記の家では歴代の当主が単に日記を執筆したり所持するだけでなく、家記から写本や抄本、部類記の作成や内容の研究を通じてそこに書かれた有職故実の内容を吸収するとともに、家記の喪失を防いで朝廷の官吏あるいは摂関家の家司・家礼として奉仕できる体制を整えることで家名の安定を図っていった。
English: For that reason, not only "houses with diaries" but all of aristocratic society during the medieval period depended on these diaries which each successive generation inherited as the 'foundations of knowledge,' and took the diaries to be the principal source for determining house territory and property, which was each family's 'economic base'; eventually the importance of these diaries as well as instructions on how to handle diary-related matters came to be recorded in such documents as the letter of transfer and the last will and testament given to each successor (the eldest son and heir) of each such family.
Japanese: そのため、中世の公家社会においては日記の家に限らず、その家に相伝された家記は「知識的基盤」として、「経済的基盤」である家領とともに家産の主要部分とされ、その家の後継者（嫡男）に充てられた譲状・置文などによってその重要性や取り扱いについて記されるようになった。
English: During the Muromachi period, the family turned out great numbers of noblemen, and notably Nakaoki KASUGA and Nakashige KASUGA, representing two generations in a row, ascended as far as the junior third rank at court, but these two generations having passed, the family line died out.
Japanese: 室町時代には春日仲興・春日仲重と二代続けて従三位に昇り公卿を輩出するが、二度に亘り断絶。
English: But then in the Edo period Nakami KASUGA revived the family line as a jige (lower-ranking courtier) family, and for generations thereafter family members served the Koga family as high stewards.
Japanese: 江戸時代に入り春日仲見が地下家として再興し、代々久我家諸大夫を勤めた。
English: Akinobu KITABATAKE (the Kasuga Sashosho [Minor Captain of the Left Division of the Palace Guards]), the son of Chikafusa KITABATAKE of the Kitabatake line of the Murakami Genji (Minamoto clan), as well as Akitoki KASUGA (the Kasuga Chujo [Middle Captain], who was either Chikafusa's son or younger brother, and was of the lineage of Mochifusa REIZEI), both took the name "Kasuga."
Japanese: 村上源氏北畠家流で北畠親房の子北畠顕信（春日左少将）、及び春日顕時（春日中将）（親房の子または親房の弟冷泉持房の孫）が春日を号した。
English: In addition, Akikuni KASUGA (the Kasuga Jiju [chamberlain], who may have been the son of MINAMOTO no Akiyuki, who himself was the descendant of MINAMOTO no Kuninobu) also took the name "Kasuga."
Japanese: また、春日顕国（春日侍従）（源国信の後裔源顕行の子か）も同様に春日を号した。
English: All three of these men were heavily involved in battles as military commanders on the side of the Southern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan); when the Southern Court fell into decline, they all, as noblemen central to the Southern Court's existence, were unable to leave behind any descendants.
Japanese: それぞれ南北朝時代(日本)に南朝(日本)方の武将として転戦したが、南朝の衰微により中央貴族としての子孫は残らなかった。
English: During the Kamakura period three generations, namely Iesue, Suenori, and Akinori, all were ranked among the court nobility, but in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts their family line died out.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に家季・季範・顕範と三代に亘り公卿に列したが、南北朝時代に断絶した。
English: NAKAHARA no Yorisue (year of birth and death unknown) was a late Heian-period nobleman and legal scholar.
Japanese: 中原頼季（なかはらのよりすえ、生没年不詳）は、平安時代末期の貴族・明法家。
English: While there are several different family lineages that adopted the name "Bomon," perhaps the most well-known is that of the descendants of the Kanpaku (Chief Advisor) FUJIWARA no Michitaka of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 坊門を名乗る家系はいくつか存在するが、藤原北家の関白藤原道隆の子孫が著名である。
English: Two of Michitaka's sons, FUJIWARA no Korechika and FUJIWARA no Takaie, fell into conflict with their uncle FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and were demoted in disgrace (in what is known as the Chotoku Incident) for the crime of shooting an arrow at Emperor Kazan.
Japanese: 道隆の子の藤原伊周と藤原隆家は叔父藤原道長と対立し、花山天皇に矢を射かけた罪で左遷された（長徳の変）。
English: Their crime was later pardoned, and Takaie's son FUJIWARA no Tsunesuke rose as far as Shonii (Senior Second Rank) at court, holding the position of Dainagon (Chief Counselor), but the lineage of Michitaka's younger brother Michinaga became the principal heir's lineage in the Northern House of Fujiwara clan, securing hereditary control over the positions of Sessho (Regent) and Kanpaku (Chief Advisor) and thus sending Michitaka's descendants into a long age of eclipse and misfortune.
Japanese: 後に罪を許され、隆家の子の藤原経輔は正二位大納言まで昇進したが、道隆の弟の道長の子孫が藤原北家の嫡流となり摂政・関白を世襲していったため、道隆の子孫はしばらく不遇の時代を送ることになる。
English: But in the latter days of the Heian period, FUJIWARA no Jisshi, the wife of Tsunesuke's grandson FUJIWARA no Tsunetada, was wetnurse to Emperor Toba, which led to Tsunetada serving both Emperor Shirakawa and Cloistered Emperor Toba as an In no kinshin (vassal to the retired emperor), reaching Junii (Junior Second Rank) and holding the position of Chunagon (Middle Counselor).
Japanese: 平安時代の後期になると、経輔の孫の藤原経忠は妻の藤原実子が鳥羽天皇の乳母であったことから院近臣として白河天皇および鳥羽法皇に仕え従二位中納言まで昇進した。
English: Tsunetada's grandson FUJIWARA no Nobutaka was only able to rise during his lifetime as far as Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and was not assigned a court position, but after Emperor Antoku fled the capital along with the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), the throne passed to Emperor Gotoba--who had been born of FUJIWARA no Shokushi (whose religious name was Shichijoin), Nobutaka's daughter and a onetime lady-in-waiting to Emperor Takakura--whereupon Nobutaka, Emperor Gotoba's maternal grandfather, was posthumously promoted to Juichii (Junior First Rank) and given the position of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).
Japanese: 経忠の孫の藤原信隆は生前は正三位非参議止まりであったが、安徳天皇が伊勢平氏一門とともに都落ちすると、信隆の娘で高倉天皇の典侍となっていた藤原殖子（七条院）所生の後鳥羽天皇（後鳥羽天皇）が皇位を継承し、後鳥羽天皇の外祖父にあたる信隆は従一位左大臣を追贈された。
English: It is thought to be in the time of Nobukiyo BOMON and Takakiyo BOMON, Nobutaka's sons, that "Bomon" was first used as a family name, but in any case, the substance of the matter is that Nobutaka can be called the founder of the Bomon family.
Japanese: 坊門を家号としたのは信隆の子の坊門信清と坊門隆清の代からとされるが、実質的には信隆が坊門家の祖であると言える。
English: Nobukiyo, Nobutaka's son, was the Emperor Gotoba's uncle, and Nobukiyo's daughter became the legal wife of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); as a result, the Bomon family came to hold enormous influence over both the imperial house and the bakufu.
Japanese: 信隆の子の信清は後鳥羽天皇の叔父にあたり、また信清の娘は鎌倉幕府将軍源実朝の正室となったことから、坊門家は皇室・幕府いずれに対しても大きな影響力を持つようになった。
English: However, following Nobukiyo's death in 1216, the Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was assassinated in 1219, and in the Jokyu War of 1221, Nobukiyo's son Tadanobu BOMON sided with the Retired Emperor Gotoba and lent his military strength to the effort to strike down the shogunate, leading to his exile.
Japanese: しかし、建保4年（1216年）に信清が薨去して以降、建保7年（1219年）には将軍源実朝が暗殺され、承久3年（1221年）の承久の変においては信清の子の坊門忠信は後鳥羽上皇ら討幕勢力に与したため流罪に処せられた。
English: At that point in time Tadanobu held the position of Dainagon (Major Counselor), making him the man of the highest official rank of all the noblemen who participated in the plan to strike down the shogunate.
Japanese: 当時、忠信は大納言の地位にあり、討幕計画に関与した公家の中では最も官位が高かった。
English: Most of the noblemen who were involved in the plot to strike down the shogunate were executed, and by all rights Tadanobu could hardly have hoped to escape execution either, but because he was the brother-in-law of the slain Shogun Sanetomo, his crime was reduced from the highest and worst degree and his punishment downgraded to banishment.
Japanese: 討幕計画に関与した公家の多くが処刑されており、本来であれば忠信も死罪は免れない状況ではあったが、亡き将軍実朝の義兄にあたることから罪一等を減じて流罪とされたのである。
English: Once the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) began, however, Nobuyuki BOMON, Nobukiyo's descendant, was ranked among the nobility at the Northern Court, while Takakiyo's descendant, Kiyotada BOMON, became a trusted retainer to the Emperor Godaigo and was ranked among the nobility of the Southern Court.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)になると、信清の子孫の坊門信行が北朝において公卿に列し、隆清の子孫の坊門清忠は後醍醐天皇の側近となり公卿に列した。
English: Yet both of these family lines died out, leaving no chance for the Bomon family name to be passed down to later generations.
Japanese: しかしいずれの系統も断絶したために後世に家名を伝えることはできなかった。
English: Yet Tadanobu BOMON did adopt Nobunari MINASE of the Minase branch of the Bomon family; Nobunari's descendants split into five different Tosho (high nobility) families, the Minase, the Shichijo, the Machijiri, the Sakurai, and the Yamai, all of which became Kazoku (peers) in the Meiji period, while the head of each family was then given the rank of Viscount.
Japanese: なお、坊門忠信は坊門家庶家の水無瀬信成を養子としたが、信成の子孫からは水無瀬家・七条家・町尻家・桜井家・山井家の5家が堂上家に列し、明治にはいずれも華族となって子爵を授けられた。
English: Whilst the veracity is doubtful, it is said that descendants come from the Egawa clan of the Nitta clan branch that sits at the top of the family tree.
Japanese: 信憑性に乏しいが、系図上では新田氏系得川氏の末裔ということにされている。
English: According to the family tree, the Tokugawa clan is supposedly descended from Tokuami, a wandering Buddhist priest who married into the Matsudaira clan, which ruled Mikawa Province (present day Aichi Prefecture).
Japanese: 系図によると、ルーツは三河国（愛知県）の在地領主の松平氏に婿養子に入った時宗の遊行僧と伝えられる徳阿弥である。
English: Upon becoming a Ronin (a wandering masterless samurai), legend has it that a chance meeting at a poetry reading held at Ohamashomyo-ji Temple (Hekinan City) lead to him becoming an adopted son of Nobushige.
Japanese: 浪人となり、大浜称名寺(碧南市)で開かれた連歌会での出会いが信重の養子に入るきっかけと伝えられる。
English: (His ancestor's temples (Jishu-jiin [Jodo (Pure Land) sect] and Tokugawa Mantoku-ji Temple) located in Tokugawa hamlet, Nitta County in Kozuke Province later on became Engiri-ji temple (a refuge for women seeking divorce).
Japanese: （父祖の地上野国新田郡徳川郷の時宗寺院、徳川満徳寺は後に縁切寺とされた）。
English: The story of this Buddhist priest wandering from one province to the next and his marriage into the Matsudaira clan is probably just a fictional story that was created during Ieyasu's generation in order to establish a genealogically link with the Nitta clan and the Matsudaira clan, which were originally unrelated.
Japanese: しかし、諸国を流浪する遊行僧だの、入り婿に入っただのという設定は、所詮本来無関係な新田氏と松平氏を系譜上つなげるために、おそらく家康の代に唱えられた創作に過ぎない。
English: Taking Chikauji MATSUDAIRA as the first generation, Ieyasu emerges as the 9th Matsudaira generation (6th generation of the Yasuyoshi MATSUDAIRA family) who founded the Tokugawa shogun family dynasty (eldest son lineage of the Chikauji branch of the Matsudaira clan) who in turn formed the head family of the clan.
Japanese: 松平親氏を初代とする松平家九代（安祥松平家六代）の家康が起こした親氏流松平氏嫡流である徳川将軍家（徳川宗家）がある。
English: Besides this, also included as recognized heirs to the Tokugawa name are Ieyasu's offspring who are direct descendents (ie part of the family domain) and in particular, the three privileged branches of Tokugawa family (Owari Tokugawa family, Kishu Tokugawa family and Mito Tokugawa family), the three branches of Tokugawa family (Tayasu Tokugawa family, Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family and Shimizu Tokugawa family) as well as their heirs and, individuals adopted into the family were also considered as part of Ieyasu's male lineage.
Japanese: そのほかに徳川姓を許されるのは、家康直系の子孫（親藩）のうちでも特に徳川御三家（尾張徳川家・紀州徳川家・水戸徳川家）、御三卿（田安徳川家・一橋徳川家・清水徳川家）およびこれらの後嗣のみであり、これらの家に養子として入る者も家康の男系の子孫たちであった。
English: In 1566, Ieyasu obtained the consent of the imperial court to use 'Tokugawa' as his hereditary surname (in actual fact a change of name) and was invested with the imperial court rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) of Mikawa Province.
Japanese: 永禄9年（1566年）、朝廷の許可を得て、家康個人が「徳川」に「復姓」（事実上の改姓）し、従五位下三河国に叙任された。
English: At the time, Emperor Ogimachi hesitated over this unprecedented petition however, permission was granted based on the efforts of nobles working behind-the-scenes who found that the Nitta branch of the Egawa clan was purported to be part of the dynastic Fujiwara clan (which had close ties to the court).
Japanese: このとき正親町天皇は前例のない申請に対して躊躇したが、新田氏系得川氏が「藤原氏」を称した前例が公家の奔走により見つかり、許可された。
English: In 1603, when Ieyasu took charge of the extended Minamoto family/became seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") he became part of the 'Seiwa-Genji' (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 慶長8年（1603年）に家康が源氏長者・征夷大将軍に任ぜられるときには、「清和源氏」となっていた。
English: What is important about this event is, not that the Matsudaira family (in entirety) changed its name to Tokugawa but rather, Ieyasu was the sole individual permitted to use the surname 'Tokugawa' and as such, opinion is divided whether his eldest son (Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA) appropriated the Tokugawa name, or not.
Japanese: ここで重要なのは、松平一族が徳川に改姓したのではなく、「徳川」は家康個人のみに許される称号であったことである（嫡男の松平信康については、名乗った説とそうでない説がある）。
English: The 'Tokugawa' surname established Ieyasu's autocratic powers within the Matsudaira clan and as such, it is thought Ieyasu exploited the entire Matsudaira clan and framework of retainers.
Japanese: 「徳川」姓は、家康個人が松平氏内部で専制権力を確立して松平一族と家臣団を統制するために使われたと考えられる。
English: In 1605, the founder Ieyasu stood down from his roles as shogun and family head and until his retirement use of the 'Tokugawa' surname was limited to one individual: his heir Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 初代家康が慶長10年（1605年）に将軍職と当主の座を辞して隠居するまでに徳川姓を称したのは、世子の徳川秀忠ただ一人であった。
English: Only 4 of Ieyasu's 11 officially recognized male heirs were allowed to take the surname 'Tokugawa': Hidetada (his 3rd son and successor), Yoshinao TOKUGAWA (his 9th son, and the forefather of one of the three main families), Yorinobu TOKUGAWA (his 10th son), and Yorifusa TOKUGAWA (his 11th son).
Japanese: 公認される限り十一人いた家康の男子で徳川姓を許されたのは、三男で世子の秀忠、及び御三家の祖となる九男徳川義直・十男徳川頼宣・十一男徳川頼房の4名にすぎない。
English: In the case of the 3 subsequent individuals, after Hidetada became the 2nd generation clan head (Shogun) his coming-of-age ceremony was held.
Japanese: 後の3名は、秀忠が二代当主（将軍）になって以後に元服したものである。
English: In the Tokugawa clan pedigree sitting at the top of the family tree is the Egawa clan branch (decedents of Nitta clan of the Seiwa-Genji) and accordingly the original family name is said to have been either; the Minamoto surname or Minamoto no Ason.
Japanese: 徳川氏の系譜は、系図上は清和源氏の新田氏の支流得川氏の末裔と位置付けられており、従って本姓は源姓であり、源朝臣という。
English: One theory is that the initial imperial court consent was approved on the basis that the Tokugawa clan was of Fujiwara clan (rather than Minamoto clan) stock however, when Ieyasu set up the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) the convention was that a Minamoto clan member be the Shogunate's leading unifying Shogun (commander-in-chief).
Japanese: 一説には、当初朝廷の許可では徳川氏は源氏ではなく藤原氏の氏族として認められていたが、家康が江戸幕府を開くに当たって、幕府の長たる征夷大将軍は源氏という慣例があった。
English: As such, it can be said there was some window dressing of the family tree for this reason or, subsequently in 1567 there was embellishment to the pedigree to secure an appointment as Governor of Mikawa Province.
Japanese: そのために、系図の粉飾が行われたのだとも言うが、実はそれより先の1567年に三河守を受領するために、すでに系図の粉飾が行われている。
English: Prior to the posting as Governor of Mikawa Province, Ieyasu's official rank was a lowly kurandonosuke (assistant official of kurodo) however, although he accomplished the unification of Mikawa, at the time he became the virtual ruler of Mikawa, Ieyasu lacked the necessary rank to be posted as Governor of Mikawa.
Japanese: 三河守を受領する前の家康の官位は蔵人佐という低いものであったが、三河統一を成し遂げ名実とともに三河の支配者となった時点で、三河守受領のために必要な位階を家康は持っていなかった。
English: To obtain the Mikawa Governor post, it was customary at that time to hold a rank of equivalent to a Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) however, there were rigid hereditary family line limitations to who was awarded Jugoinoge rank.
Japanese: 三河守受領の為の位階は従五位下に相当するが、当時の慣例では、従五位下の位階を与えられる姓の系統は限られていた。
English: To address this, the stance was to firstly emphasize the historical fact that 'the Egawa clan are descended from the Matsudaira clan' and they were decendents following in the lineage of Kiyomasa MATSUDAIRA (as grandfather) who was once part of the Serata clan (same family lineage as the Egawa clan) and, that the Nitta clan were linked in the family tree.
Japanese: 祖父松平清康がかつて世良田氏（得川氏の同族）の末裔であると主張している故事に倣って、「松平氏は得川氏の末裔」説を唱えはじめ、系図を新田氏につなげたのである。
English: It is said that the reason the Nitta clan was selected instead of the Ashikaga clan was because the neighboring Imagawa clan was familiar with the family tree of the Ashikaga lineage as they were part of the distinguished Ashikaga family.
Japanese: 足利氏でなく新田氏を選んだのは、隣接する今川氏が足利一門の名門で、足利系統の系譜に精通していた事が原因といわれている。
English: However, whilst limited to historical records of the day, 3rd generation Nobumitsu assumed the Kamo clan family name and perhaps, this is the oldest original surname of the Matsudaira clan.
Japanese: しかし、同時代史料による限り、3代信光は賀茂氏姓を名乗っており、おそらくこれが松平氏の最も古い本姓であろう。
English: However whether it is because it was thought that this surname would be disadvantageous in dealing with the issue of confirming official rank or, at some stage from Nobumitsu's time onwards he took this original family name, either way Ieyasu was known by the Fujiwara surname from a young age.
Japanese: しかしこの姓では、官位受領などで不利に扱われると考えたのか、すでに信光のころから源姓を称しており、家康は若い頃はむしろ藤原姓を称している。
English: The core domain was formed using only Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's personal male descendents or various families of the Tokugawa clan and, together with Ieyasu's descendents allowed to use the Matsudaira surname such as Echizen Matsudaira family and Aizu Matsudaira family.
Japanese: 徳川家康個人の男系子孫たる徳川氏諸家は、松平の名乗りのみを認められた家康子孫の諸松平家（越前松平家・会津松平家等）とともに親藩を構成していた。
English: Being an elite samurai family the Tokugawa clan was treated as nobles even after the Meiji Restoration with a line of priority: the family head as a Duke, the 3 main families as Marquis, and heads of the 3 families as Counts.
Japanese: 明治維新の後も、徳川氏は武家の最上流として華族に遇せられ,宗家は公爵、御三家は侯爵、御三卿は伯爵に列せられた。
English: Also, the 15th generation Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was removed from the main family home to another residence and Yoshinobuke TOKUGAWA installed, appointed as a Duke and held onto the traditional position.
Japanese: また第15代将軍だった徳川慶喜は宗家から別家して徳川慶喜家を創設し、同じく公爵を授けられて伝統的な地位を保った。
English: Currently descendants of the entire Tokugawa/Matsudaira clan belong to an association with approximately 600 members.
Japanese: 現在の子孫は、徳川・松平一門の会に所属し、その会員数は約600名である。
English: Kofu Tokugawa family (referred as "Goryoden") (lapsed when 2nd generation clan chief Ienobu TOKUGAWA inherited the role of 6th generation Shogun.)
Japanese: 甲府徳川家（御両典）（二代当主徳川家宣が六代将軍を継いだため消滅。)
English: In 2003, Tsunenari TOKUGAWA (18th generation clan chief of the Original Tokugawa family line) established the Tokugawa Memorial Foundation to manage the precious Tokugawa legacy.
Japanese: 2003年、徳川宗家第18代当主徳川恒孝は、宗家の貴重な遺産を管理するために、財団法人徳川記念財団を設立した。
English: News reports have appeared of Iehiro (Tsunenari`s eldest son) marrying a Vietnamese woman which was vehemently opposed by his parents.
Japanese: 恒孝の長男・徳川家広は、両親に猛反対されたがベトナム人女性と結婚したと報道された。
English: Tokugawa Shogunate Family was the head family of Tokugawa (the head family of the Tokugawa clan) and a family of Seii taishogun (literally, "the great general who subdues the barbarians") in the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 徳川将軍家（德川將軍家、とくがわしょうぐんけ）は、徳川宗家（德川宗家、とくがわそうけ、徳川氏の宗家）であり、江戸幕府の征夷大将軍家。
English: Over a period of 264 years during the Edo period, it topped the whole of the Japanese society, which included the samurai world, practically as the monarch and ruler of Japan.
Japanese: 江戸時代264年にわたって、日本の実質上の君主・支配者として武家社会を含む日本社会全体の頂点に君臨した。
English: The Tokugawa head family had many concubines in its inner palace, but it often lost lineage and had to adopt children from Tokugawa Gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family) and Gosankyo (three other privileged branches) many times.
Japanese: 多くの側室を大奥に抱えていたが、宗家はたびたび血筋がとだえ、近親の分家や徳川御三家、御三卿から養子を迎えることが少なくなかった。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, the fifteenth family head Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was placed under house arrest, and Iesato TOKUGAWA was adopted as a son.
Japanese: 明治維新後、十五代当主徳川慶喜は謹慎を命ぜられ、徳川家達が養子に立てられた。
English: Iesato was officially given 700,000 koku (crop yields) in Suruga, Totomi and Mikawa Provinces by the new government, and he moved to Sunpu, which he renamed to Shizuoka, thus establishing Shizuoka Domain.
Japanese: 家達は新政府により駿河国・遠江国・三河国に70万石を改めて与えられて駿府に移住し、駿府の町を静岡と改名して静岡藩を立てた。
English: After Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he moved to Tokyo again, where he joined the peerage, was conferred a title of prince and became a member of the Tokugawa Prince family.
Japanese: 廃藩置県を経て東京に再移住、華族に列し、公爵を授けられて徳川公爵家となった。
English: Iesato acted as a president of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) for a long time, and after the war, his legitimate son, Iemasa TOKUGAWA, who was the seventeenth family head, became its last president.
Japanese: 家達は長らく貴族院議長を務め、嫡子の十七代徳川家正は戦後、最後の貴族院議長を務めた。
English: In 2003, the eighteenth family head Tsunenari TOKUGAWA established Tokugawa Memorial Foundation to manage the family's valuable heritage.
Japanese: 2003年、十八代当主徳川恒孝は、宗家の貴重な遺産を管理するため、財団法人徳川記念財団を設立した。
English: Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, who was of the Kishu Tokugawa family, and his lineage included Mitsusada, Yoshimune, the eighth Shogun, and Yoshitomi, the fourteenth shogun.
Japanese: 徳川頼宣（紀州徳川家）-光貞-吉宗（八代将軍）-------慶福（十四代将軍）
English: Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the fifteenth shogun and a prince, who was born to the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family and was adopted from the Mito-Tokugawa family, and who implemented Taisei Hokan (restoration of imperial rule).
Japanese: 十五代（将軍・公爵）徳川慶喜　（水戸徳川家→一橋徳川家から養子、大政奉還）
English: Tsunenari TOKUGAWA, the eighteenth family head, who was adopted from the Aizu-Matsudaira family, and was a child of Ichiro Matsudaira and Toyoko TOKUGAWA, daughter of Iemasa; he was a blood-related grandson of Iemasa, the previous family head; and he was a former vice president of Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK Line).
Japanese: 十八代当主　徳川恒孝（会津松平家から養子。松平一郎と、家正の娘・徳川豊子との間の子。血縁上、先代・家正の孫。元日本郵船副社長）