nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: All the vassals in Ako were ordered to come to the castle for a three day stay from 27th, where they divided into two factions: one made up of those who were dissatisfied with their treatment at the hands of the Edo bakufu and insisted on holding the castle, urging of resistance to the bitter end, and another faction who were insistent on surrendering the castle.
Japanese: 27日から3日間にかけて赤穂にいる家臣に総登城の号令がかけられ、赤穂城内は江戸幕府の処置に不満で徹底抗戦を主張する篭城派と、開城すべきとする恭順派に分かれて紛糾した。
English: Kurobei ONO of the deference faction was in fierce conflict with Soemon HARA, Yasoemon OKAJIMA and those of the stalwart faction and eventually fled Ako on April 12.
Japanese: 恭順派の大野九郎兵衛は、篭城派の原惣右衛門・岡島八十右衛門などと激しく対立し、4月12日には赤穂から逃亡した。
English: Meanwhile, Kuranosuke accepted the paper bearing the seal of blood of the feudal retainers' alliance (who hoped for holding the castle and following their master to the grave) and unified the opinion of the people of his Domain in agreeing to the surrender of the castle and punishment of Nagahiro ASANO, younger brother of Asano Takumi no Kami, while simultaneously petitioning for the restoration of Asano family and the reprimand of Kozukenosuke KIRA.
Japanese: こうした中、内蔵助は篭城殉死希望の藩士たちから義盟の血判書を受け取り、城を明渡した上で浅野内匠頭の弟浅野長広を立てて浅野家再興を嘆願し、あわせて吉良上野介の処分を幕府に求めることで藩論を統一する。
English: Also, Kuranosuke tried to alleviate Ako's economic confusion by redeeming han bills of Ako Domain which would be heaps of worthless paper and to avoid family dissention by reapportioning the distribution money increasing the amount to the lower ranks and lightening the amount distributed to the upper ranks of the feudal retainers.
Japanese: また内蔵助は、紙くず同然になるであろう赤穂藩の藩札の交換に応じて赤穂の経済の混乱を避け、また藩士に対しても分配金を下に厚く上に軽くするなどの配分をおこなって、家中が分裂する危険の回避につとめた。
English: Kuranosuke sent Jiemon TSUKIOKA and Kyuzaemon TAGAWA, who were Monogashira (Military Commanders), to Edo and had them hand over the petition for the restoration of Asano family and the reprimand of Kozukenosuke KIRA, to Masahane ARAKI the bakufu's castle management metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers) (However, the two mistakenly handed it over to Hikoemon YASUI, the Edo family's chief retainer, and brought back a letter by Ujisada TODA, lord of Mino-Ogaki Domain).
Japanese: また、内蔵助は物頭の月岡治右衛門と多川九左衛門を江戸に派遣して、幕府収城目付荒木政羽らに浅野家再興と吉良上野介処分を求めた嘆願書をとどけさせた（しかしこの二人は任を誤り、江戸家老安井彦右衛門に手渡し、美濃大垣藩主戸田氏定の手紙を持って帰ってくる）。
English: When Juroemon ARAKI arrived in Ako on April 18, Kuranosuke himself petitioned three times for the restoration of the Asano family and the reprimand of Kozukenosuke KIRA.
Japanese: 4月18日、荒木十郎右衛門らが赤穂に到着すると、内蔵助自身も浅野家再興と吉良上野介処分について三度の嘆願を行っている。
English: ARAKI joined forces with Kuranosuke's effort and personally reported their collaboration to the chief retainer upon his return to Edo.
Japanese: こうした内蔵助の努力もあって荒木個人の協力は得られたようで、江戸帰還後に荒木は老中にその旨を伝えている。
English: On April 19 the following year, Ako-jo Castle was surrendered to the castle management army led by Yasuteru WAKISAKA, lord of the Tatsuno Domain in the neighbouring province, and Kinsada KINOSHITA, lord of Ashimori Domain of Bicchu Province.
Japanese: 翌日4月19日、隣国竜野藩の藩主脇坂安照と備中足守藩の藩主木下公定率いる収城軍勢に赤穂城を明け渡した。
English: After they left Ako-jo Castle, they did the remaining domain duties in Enrin-ji Temple and meanwhile they were given fuchi (stipend) for 29 people by bakufu.
Japanese: 赤穂城退去後は遠林寺において藩政残務処理にあたり、この間は幕府から29人扶持を支給された。
English: On May 21 Kuranosuke had nearly completed his duties and on June 25 he finally left his birthplace of Ako.
Japanese: 5月21日に残務処理もあらかた終わり、6月25日、ついに内蔵助は生まれ故郷赤穂を後にした。
English: After leaving Ako, Kuranosuke went into seclusion with his family in Kyoto City's Yamashina ward from there and got in touch with the old Ako feudal retainers.
Japanese: 赤穂退去後、内蔵助は家族とともに京都市山科区に隠棲し、ここから旧赤穂藩士たちと連絡をとった。
English: The reason why Kuranosuke chose Yamashina seems because of the matrimonial and familial ties between the Oishi family and the Konoe family (Nagayuki SHINDO (vassal of the Konoe family), was a relative of Genshiro SHINDO, his uncle on the Oishi side, who was the caretaker).
Japanese: 内蔵助が山科を選んだのは、大石家が近衛家の親族であるとともに、大石家の叔父進藤源四郎の一族進藤長之（近衛家家臣）が管理していた土地だったためと思われる。
English: However, early on, opinion was divided amongst the elder Asano family retainers.
Japanese: しかし、この頃から早くも浅野家遺臣たちの意見は二つに分かれはじめていた。
English: One area of contention regarded the fact that some members from certain branches of the family received a higher salary such as Sadayoshi OKUNO who received 1,000 koku as kumigashira (group leader), and Genshiro SHINDO who received 400 koku as ashigarugashira (head of the ashigaru) who retained warriors controlling the ashigaru, Yoshikazu KOYAMA who received 300 koku as ashigarugashira, and Shigeyuki OKAMOTO who received 400 koku as Osaka rusuiyaku (a regent) amongst others, as opposed to the Adauchi faction, which prioritized avenging Kozukenosuke KIRA, primarily powerful vassals such as Taketsune HORIBE who received 200 koku as Edo rusuiyaku, Gunbei TAKADA who received 200 koku as Umamawariyaku (body guard), and Shigemori OKUDA who received 150 koku as arms bugyo (magistrate) amongst others who were supported by a smaller stipend.
Japanese: 一つは奥野定良（1,000石組頭）・進藤源四郎（400石足軽頭）・小山良師（300石足軽頭）・岡本重之（400石大阪留守居役）ら高禄取りを中心にしたお家再興優先派、もう一つは堀部武庸（200石江戸留守居役）・高田郡兵衛（石馬廻役）・奥田重盛（150石武具奉行）ら腕自慢の家臣を中心に、小禄の家臣たちに支持された吉良上野介への仇討ち優先派である。
English: Both had displayed characters representative of their factions: Many were formerly vassals located in Ako while several of the those who formerly acted as representative in Edo became members of the radical Edo faction.
Japanese: それぞれの派の特徴として、前者は赤穂詰めの家臣が多く、後者は江戸詰めの家臣であることが多かったため、後者を江戸急進派とも呼んだ。
English: Kuranosuke OISHI, the head of one faction, adopted a neutral attitude by avoiding the split and did his best to restore the family by suggesting that the radical Edo faction bide their time for revenge.
Japanese: 一党の頭目たる大石内蔵助自身は、どっちつかずの態度で分裂を回避しながら、実際にはお家再興に力を入れて、江戸急進派に時節到来を待つよう促すという立場をとった。
English: Before leaving Ako he sent Yuma, a chief priest of Enrin-ji Temple, to Edo and asked the Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA and the daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) Takamitsu at Kanda-Goji-in Temple, who had influence over Tsunayoshi's birth mother Keishoin for mediation in the restoration of the Asano family; he then visited Ogaki-jo Castle in Mino province with Junai ONODERA to discuss the Asano family restoration with a cousin of Naganori ASANO, Ujisada TODA.
Japanese: 赤穂を立ち去る前には遠林寺住職祐海を江戸へ送って、将軍徳川綱吉やその生母桂昌院に影響力を持っていた神田護持院の隆光大僧正などに浅野家再興の取り成しを依頼し、7月には小野寺十内とともに浅野長矩の従兄弟にあたる戸田氏定と浅野家再興を議するために、美濃国大垣城を訪れている。
English: OISHI then received a letter from Masahane ARAKI which read 'there is hope for the Asano family restoration' which had been petitioned for earlier.
Japanese: また先に嘆願した荒木政羽からも大石へ「浅野家お家再興の望みあり」という書状が届いている。
English: Meanwhile, the radical faction in Edo, including Yasube HORIBE, which had prioritized the decapitation of Kozukenosuke KIRA over family restoration repeatedly sent letters to OISHI requesting that he relocates to Edo.
Japanese: しかし、お家再興よりも吉良上野介の首を挙げることを優先する堀部安兵衛ら江戸急進派は、この間も大石に江戸下向を促す書状を再三にわたり送り付けている。
English: To suppress radical Edo faction, Kuranosuke sent Soemon HARA who received 300 Koku as ahigaruno ushira, Matanojo USHIODA who received 200 koku as bugyo (magistrate) and Kansuke NAKAMURA who received 100 koku as yuhitsu (private secretary), amongst others, to Edo in late September as well as Genshiro SHINDO and Gengo OTAKA who received 20 koku each and were fuchi warriors responsible for armament.
Japanese: 内蔵助は江戸急進派鎮撫のため、9月下旬に原惣右衛門（300石足軽頭）・潮田又之丞（200石絵図奉行）・中村勘助（100石祐筆）らを江戸へ派遣、続いて進藤源四郎と大高源五（20石5人扶持腰物方）も江戸に派遣した。
English: The were converted, however, to the radical Edo faction by Yasube when OISHI went to Edo, the first of his clan to do so.
Japanese: しかし彼らは逆に安兵衛に論破されて急進派になってしまったため、10月、大石が自身で江戸へ下向した（第一次大石東下り）。
English: OISHI had a meeting with HORIBE in the house Tadashi MAEKAWA tayu of Tokyo' Minato-ward in which he promised to stand up for Takumonokami ASANO the following March which happened to be the first anniversary of his death.
Japanese: 大石は江戸三田（東京都港区(東京都)三田(東京都港区)）の前川忠大夫宅で堀部と会談し、浅野内匠頭の一周忌になる明年3月に決行を約束した。
English: At that time, Kazuemon FUWA, once expelled from AKO domain, expressed his interest in joining the uprising.
Japanese: またこの時、かつて赤穂藩を追われた不破数右衛門が一党に加えてほしいと参じている。
English: Upon visiting the grave of Takuminokami at Sengaku-ji Temple, OISHI received the approval of FUWA re-entering the radical Edo faction.
Japanese: 大石は内匠頭の眠る泉岳寺へ参詣した際に主君の墓前で不破の帰参と同志へ加えることの許可を得た。
English: Chikara OISHI was admitted to the radical Edo faction by his father Kuranosuke whereupon his pregnant wife Riku, his first daughter Kuu, his second son Kichinoshin, his second daughter Ruri were sent to his wife's hometown in Toyoka the following April, 1702.
Japanese: 大石主税は盟約に加わることを望み、内蔵助はこれを許した（妊娠中の妻りく、長女くう、次男吉之進、次女るりは翌年元禄15年（1702年）4月に妻の実家の豊岡市へ帰した。
English: Based upon the influence of the Kanadehon Chushigura (The Treasure of Loyal Retainers), it is a commonly accepted myth that his debauchery was a ruse for deceiving the Kira and Uesugi families.
Japanese: 仮名手本忠臣蔵の影響で、これは吉良家や上杉家の目を欺くための演技であるというのが半ば定説化している。
English: However, it was known that Kura no Suke was a free spirit since his days in Ako, and thus there is a high probability that he was truly a seeker of pleasure.
Japanese: しかし内蔵助はもともと赤穂藩時代から自由気ままな遊び人であり、本当に楽しんでいた面もあった可能性は高い。
English: In recent performances presented by the Chushingura (the Treasury of Loyal Retainers) he has often been depicted as such.
Japanese: 最近の忠臣蔵のドラマでも、「人間内蔵助」を描こうとして後者に描かれることが多い。
English: An account of Kuranosuke's debauchery is depicted in a book written by Katsunobu OCHIAI, yet this seems to have been compiled from accounts of those who had left the radical Edo faction, such as Genshiro SHINDO and Gengozaemon KOYAMA, although none of this was mentioned in Horibe's account.
Japanese: 内蔵助放蕩の根拠「江赤見聞記」は落合勝信の著と見られるが、脱盟者の進藤源四郎と小山源五左衛門が言ったことをそのまま載せたものとみられており、「堀部筆記」にもまるで出てこないことから）
English: Around the end of that year, some began to drop out of the struggle, amongst them Gunbe TAKADA, who had been a central figure of the radical Tokyo faction.
Japanese: この年の年末からは脱盟者も出始めており、その一人は江戸急進派の中心人物・高田郡兵衛であった。
English: Kuranosuke took advantage of their leaving to decide that 'the uprising will be postponed until after the punishment of the Great Teaching' at a meeting in Yamanashi and Maruyama (Mt. Maruyama) in February 1702.
Japanese: 内蔵助はこれを好機として元禄15年（1702年）2月の山科と円山での会議において「大学様の処分が決まるまで決起しない」ことを決定。
English: He sent Chuzaemon YOSHIDA who received 200 koku as Kato-gun Gundai (Intendant of a region or an administer of a town) and Kanroku CHIKAMATSU who received 250 kuku as Umamawariyaku to Edo to tell of this radical Edo faction.
Japanese: 吉田忠左衛門（200石加東郡郡代）と近松勘六（馬廻250石）を江戸に派遣して江戸急進派にこれを伝えた。
English: However, the radical Edo faction was unsatisfied and sought independence from Kuranosuke, thus the leader of the radical Edo faction, Yasube HORIBE, relocated to Kyoto.
Japanese: しかし江戸急進派は納得せず、内蔵助をはずして独自に決起することを模索しつつ、ついに6月には江戸急進派の頭目堀部安兵衛が自ら京都へ乗り込んでくる。
English: It was said that he would kill Kuranosuke with a sword, uttering the words 'OISHI is no longer necessary'.
Japanese: 「もはや大石は不要」として内蔵助を斬り捨てるつもりだったとも言われる。
English: It was at that moment that Kuranosuke came to learn from Yuma of Enrin-ji Temple of the difficulty regarding the restoration of the family.
Japanese: しかしちょうどこの頃、遠林寺の祐海などを通じて内蔵助もお家再興が難しい情勢を知っている。
English: Finally, on July 18, the bakafu (feudal government) appointed Nagahiro ASANO custodian of Hiroshima domain.
Japanese: 7月18日、ついに幕府は浅野長広にたいして広島藩お預かりを言い渡した。
English: Accepting the restoration of the family as hopeless, Kuranosuke invited Yasube HORIBE on July 28 to the Meeting of Maruyama to plan the attack on Kozukenosuke KIRA.
Japanese: 御家再興は絶望的となったのを受けて、7月28日、内蔵助は堀部安兵衛なども呼んで円山会議を開催し、吉良上野介を討つことを決定した。
English: That, August, he signed the Shimbun-keashi (a written oath agreeing to the return of the Shimbun) for Tomonobu KAIGA who received 10 ryo, 2 koku, 3 fuchi as kura bugyu (storehouse magistrate) and Gengo OTAKA and suggested those who do not want to die to drop out.
Japanese: また8月には貝賀友信（蔵奉行10両2石3人扶持）、大高源五らに神文返し（盟約の誓紙＝神文の返還）を実施し、死にたくない者は脱盟するようそれとなく促した。
English: At that time the faction for family restoration (sadayoshi OKUNO, Toshimoto SHINDO, Yoshimoro OYAMA, Shigeyuki OKAMOTO, Rokuroemon NAGASAWA, Tobe HAIKATA, and Kyuzaemon TAGAWA) dropped out one by one.
Japanese: このときに奥野定良・進藤俊式・小山良師・岡本重之・長沢六郎右衛門・灰方藤兵衛・多川九左衛門ら、お家再興優先派が続々と脱盟していった。
English: Chikara OISHI left Yamashina on September 19; Kuranosuke then left for Edo on October 7 under the name Gorobe KAKIMI.
Japanese: 9月19日には大石主税が山科を発ち、さらに10月7日には内蔵助自身も垣見五郎兵衛と名乗って江戸へ下向した。
English: In the Chushingura, there is a story that tells of a meeting between Kuranosuke and the real Gorobe KAKIMI in which 'Gorobe recognized that Kuranosuke and troupe were the Ako Roshi (masterless samurai of Ako domain) who had tried to attack Kozukenosuke KIRA whereupon Kuranosuke apologized for being an impostor', but, of course, this fiction.
Japanese: 忠臣蔵ものの物語では、「道中で本物の垣見五郎兵衛が出現して内蔵助と会見、五郎兵衛は内蔵助たちを吉良上野介を討たんとする赤穂浪士と察して、自分が偽物だと詫びる」という挿話が入るが、もちろんこれは創作である。
English: OISHI stopped at the house of Gohe KARUBE in Hirama village, Kawasaki, on October 26, and from there issued his first directive to his comrades.
Japanese: 大石は10月26日には川崎平間村軽部五兵衛宅に滞在して、ここから同志達に第一訓令を発した。
English: Kuranosuke and his group arrived in Edo November 5 and took up lodging in a house in Koyama Ishimachi 3-chome near Nihonbashi, whereupon he ordered his comrades to search the Kira-tei Residence until they found a visual map of the place.
Japanese: さらに11月5日に内蔵助一行は江戸に入り、日本橋近くの石町三丁目の小山屋に住居を定めると、同志に吉良邸を探索させ、吉良邸絵図面を入手した。
English: It was essential for them to know the exact date when they could expect that Kozukenosuke KIRA would be in residence at the Kira-tei; they learned from Shihen Yamada, a chajin (master of tea ceremony) that a tea ceremony would be held at his residence on December 14, of whom Azumamaro KADA, a scholar of classical Japanese literature and an old friend of Kuranosuke and his comrade Gengo OTAKA acting as Shinbei WAKIYA were disciples.
Japanese: また吉良上野介在邸確実の日を知る必要もあり、内蔵助旧知の国学者荷田春満や同志大高源五が脇屋新兵衛として入門していた茶人山田宗偏から12月14日に吉良邸で茶会がある情報を入手させた。
English: Voicing his justification for the attack, he gathered his comrades at high class restaurant in the Fukugawa area of Hachiman disguised as a Tanomoshi-ko (charity) on December 2.
Japanese: 討ち入りの大義名分を記した口上書を作成し、12月2日、頼母子講を装って深川八幡の料亭で全ての同志達を集結させた。
English: The details of the attack codenamed 'remember your heart, everyone' were decided minutely down to the type of arms, garb, equipment, and secret password, as well as who would receive the head of KIRA, how it would be treated, and that those who would act as lookouts in the garden would also do so at the sacrifice of the deceased lord.
Japanese: 討ち入り時の綱領「人々心覚」が定められ、その中で武器、装束、所持品、合言葉、吉良の首の処置など事細かに定め、さらに「吉良の首を取った者も庭の見張りの者も亡君の御奉公では同一。
English: After a fierce battle lasting nearly two hours, the Ako Roshi cornered Kozukenosuke KIRA, killed him, and severed his head.
Japanese: 2時間近くの激闘の末に、浪士たちは遂に吉良上野介を探し出し、これを討ち果たして、首級を取った。
English: Kuranosuke and the Ako Roshi upon fulfilling their desire for revenge, marched around Edo, returned to Sengaku-ji Temple to the grave of Takuminokami ASANO and placed the severed head of Kozukenosuke KIRA in front of their deceased lord's grave.
Japanese: 本懐を果たした内蔵助たち赤穂浪士一行は江戸市中を行進し、浅野内匠頭の墓がある泉岳寺へ引き揚げると、吉良上野介の首級を亡き主君の墓前に供えて仇討ちを報告した。
English: Kuranosuke sent Kanesuke YOSHIDA and Masayori TOMINOMORI to the house of the Ometsuke (cheif inspector of the Edo shogunate) Hisanao SENGOKU to deliver his dictated message entrusting judgement to the bakafu (feudal government).
Japanese: 内蔵助は、吉田兼亮・富森正因の二名を大目付仙石久尚の邸宅へ送り、口上書を提出して幕府の裁定に委ねた。
English: Around six o'clock that evening, the three Kachi-metsuke (night inspectors), Yaichiemon ISHIKAWA, Shinhachiro ICHINO, and Shohachiro MATSUNAGA, were sent to Senkaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 午後6時頃、幕府から徒目付の石川弥一右衛門、市野新八郎、松永小八郎の三人が泉岳寺へ派遣されてきた。
English: The Bakafu (feudal government) entrusted the Ako Roshi to four Daimyo families (families of feudal lords); Kuranosuke was left to the care of the house of Tsunayoshi HOSOKAWA of Kumamoto domain, Higo Province.
Japanese: 幕府は赤穂浪士を4つの大名家に分けてお預けとし、内蔵助は肥後国熊本藩主細川綱利の屋敷に預けられた。
English: His first son was left to the house of Sadanao MATSUDAIRA; it was the last time he saw his son.
Japanese: 長男主税は松平定直の屋敷に預けられたため、この時が息子との今生の別れとなる。
English: There was much public sentiment that the revenge was a heroic deed as the bakafu (feudal government) wavered between mercy and a death sentence, but the opinion of Sorai OGYU was upheld which stated that the law of the world may not be distorted thus Shogun Tsunayoshi sent an envoy to them as baishin (indirect vassals) ordering them to commit seppuku.
Japanese: 仇討ちを義挙とする世論の中で、幕閣は助命か死罪かで揺れたが、天下の法を曲げる事はできないとした荻生徂徠などの意見を容れ、将軍綱吉は陪臣としては異例の上使を遣わせた上での切腹を命じた。
English: On February 4, 1703 the order of Seppuku was delivered to four Daimyo families.
Japanese: 元禄16年（1703年）2月4日、4大名家に切腹の命令がもたらされる。
English: On that same day, the bakafu (feudal government) decided that the land of the Kira family should be forfeited and that the head of the Kira family, Yoshimasa KIRA (Sahei KIRA, the adopted son of Kozukenosuke KIRA), should be deported to Shinano Province.
Japanese: 同日、幕府は吉良家当主吉良義周（吉良左兵衛、吉良上野介の養子）の領地没収と信濃国流罪の処分を決めた。
English: The envoy sent to the house of Hosokawa was Masahane ARAKI, the bakufu's metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers), who was acquainted with Kuranosuke.
Japanese: 細川邸に派遣された使者は、内蔵助と面識がある幕府目付荒木正羽であった。
English: According to some documents, Kuranosuke OISHI produced two death haiku although it is generally thought that he produced only one.
Japanese: 大石内蔵助の辞世の句一般には1として知られるが一部文献には2とされる。
English: Hovever, the above poems were produced for the grave of Takuminokami ASANO while the following is said to be his actual death haiku.
Japanese: しかしながら上記は浅野内匠頭の墓に対してのもので、実際には次が辞世の句とも言われている。
English: Morisetsu TOJO (the vassal of Tadayuki MIZUNO, lord of Okazaki domain, Mikawa province who held custody of nine of the Ako Roshi) described Kuranosuke as 'characteristically quiet, a man of few words'.
Japanese: 「内蔵助生質静にして言葉少な也」東條守拙（赤穂浪士9士の預かりを担当した三河国岡崎藩主水野忠之の家臣）
English: Yoshio was quiet and modest didn't have much of an attitude for a Karo (chief retainer).'
Japanese: 「良雄人となり和易樸矜飾を喜ばず、国老に任ずといえども事に於いて預ること鮮し。
English: Research done on bone from his skull analyzing the musculature of the temple and under jaw has revealed that his facial structure was like that of most people.
Japanese: 頭蓋骨の調査でこめかみの筋肉と下顎が発達していたことから庶民的な顔つきだったようである。
English: An anecdote exist in Okayama that Kuranosuke was, in fact, the son of Genba IKEDA, the chief retainer of the IKEDA family of Okayama domain, Bizen province originally going by the name of Kyuma IKEDA and was later adopted by Yoshitaka OISHI.
Japanese: 岡山などにある逸話では、実は内蔵助は、備前岡山藩池田家家老池田玄蕃の子で、はじめは池田久馬と名乗っていたが、大石良欽の養子入りをしたなどという話が残る。
English: However, the document of Yoshi's kinship, which was submitted to the bakafu (feudal government) prior to his seppuku states '1. His foster father and real grandfather, Kuranosuke OISHI, died of illness on New Year's Day 28 years ago, 1. His real father, Gennai OISHI, died of illness in September 31 years ago', which reduces the credibility of the adopted child theory.
Japanese: しかし良雄が切腹前に幕府に出した親類書には、「一、養父・実祖父　二十八年以前正月病死大石内蔵助　一、実父三十一年前九月病死大石権内」となっていることから、養子説の信憑性は低い。
English: To this day, it is still believed in the local areas of Okayama.
Japanese: しかし地元の岡山などでは現在に至るまで広く信じられているようである。
English: Masato (Masatou) ABE (February 15, 1828 - April 20, 1887) was hatamoto (a shogunal retainer), daimyo (feudal lord), and roju (a senior councillor of the shogunate) in the Edo period.
Japanese: 阿部正外（あべまさと（まさとう）、文政11年1月1日(旧暦)（1828年2月15日）-明治20年（1887年）4月20日）は江戸時代の旗本、大名、老中。
English: In 1864, he took over the head family of the Abe family who held a fief of 100,000 koku in Shirakawa Domain in Mutsu Province under the shogunal command.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）、幕命により陸奥国白河藩10万石の阿部宗家を相続。
English: In 1865, the imperial court that was becoming more influential requested Seiitaishogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA to come to Kyoto again and expel the foreigners.
Japanese: 慶応元年(1865年)、発言権を強めていた朝廷から征夷大将軍徳川家茂の再上洛と攘夷決行が要請された。
English: In order to warn the court nobles and roshi (masterless samurai) in Kyoto who advocated the expulsion of the foreigners, Abe and Munehide MATSUDAIRA led an army of 4,000 soldiers to Kyoto.
Japanese: このため、京都の攘夷派公家・浪士らの牽制として、阿部と松平宗秀は兵4,000を率いて上洛。
English: After the negotiation they returned to Edo to tell the court's request to Iemochi, who then went to Kyoto for a second time.
Japanese: 交渉後、朝廷側の要請を一旦江戸に戻り家茂に伝え、将軍家茂の2度目の上洛となった。
English: He began negotiating with England, France and the Netherlands about the opening of the Hyogo port and the city of Osaka as had been requested by the three countries.
Japanese: イギリスフランスオランダ3ヶ国から要請されていた兵庫開港・大坂開市をめぐって交渉を開始した。
English: They said, 'We will no longer negotiate with the shogunate unless we are given a prompt and definite answer as to the opening of the port.
Japanese: 3ヶ国は、「兵庫開港について速やかに許否の確答を得られねば、もはや幕府とは交渉しない。
English: The two roju, Abe and Matsudaira, judged that they would not change their hard-line policy.
Japanese: 3ヶ国の強硬姿勢が翻心することはないのではないかと判断した阿部、松前の両老中。
English: On arriving at Osaka Castle the following day, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA insisted that he would not allow a treaty signed without the emperor's permission.
Japanese: 翌日、大坂城に参着した徳川慶喜は、無勅許における条約調印の不可を主張する。
English: However, Abe and Matsumae held on to their view that if the foreign countries directly started to negotiate with the imperial court bypassing the shogunate, the latter would collapse.
Japanese: だが、阿部・松前はもし諸外国が幕府を越して朝廷と交渉をはじめれば幕府は崩壊するとした自説を譲らなかった。
English: In a heated discussion over the pros and cons of the signing of the treaty in the presence of the Emperor, Iemochi could not bear the tension and began to cry.
Japanese: 公方の面前で条約調印の当否をめぐった論争では、家茂が場の緊張感にのまれ泣きだしたという。
English: Condemning Abe and Matsudaira's disobedience to its order, the court issued the imperial edict that they should be deprived of their official ranks and dismissed from their offices.
Japanese: 朝廷は、阿部・松前の違勅を咎め、両名の官位を剥奪し改易の勅命を下した。
English: In 1866, Abe was ordered to retire and be under house arrest with the reduction of 40,000 koku.
Japanese: 慶応2年（1866年）阿部は隠居、蟄居を命じられ、4万石減封される。
English: In the same year, the Abe family was transferred to Tanagura Domain in Mutsu Province which had less uchi-daka (real value of the yield).
Japanese: 同年阿部家は内高（実際の収入石高）の少ない陸奥国棚倉藩へ転封された。
English: Otojiro KAWAKAMI (February 8, 1864 – November 11, 1911) was an actor and an entertainer of Shinpa-Geki (New-School Play) who took the world by storm by his 'Oppekepe-bushi' (Oppekepe songs).
Japanese: 川上音二郎（かわかみおとじろう、1864年2月8日（文久4年1月1日_(旧暦)）-1911年11月11日）は、「オッペケペー節」で一世を風靡した新派劇の俳優・芸人。
English: 1864: He was born in Nakatsumashojimachi, Hakata, Chikuzen Province (present-day Tsumashoji, Hakata Ward, Fukuoka City).
Japanese: 1864年（文久4年）筑前国博多中対馬小路町、現在の福岡市博多区対馬小路に生まれる。
English: 1878: As he was on terrible terms with his stepmother, he ran away from home and smuggled himself to Osaka.
Japanese: 1878年（明治11年）継母と折り合いが悪く、家を飛び出し大阪へ密航。
English: Frequently changing jobs which included being a shosei (a student who is given room and board in exchange for performing domestic duties) of Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Kawakami became a political activist of the anti-government Liberal Party (Japan) which was suppressed by the government.
Japanese: 福澤諭吉の書生など職を転々としながら、反政府の自由党_(日本)の壮士となり、政府から弾圧される。
English: 1887: As the suppression of the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights grew more severe, Otojiro moved from Tokyo to Osaka and campaigned for anti-governmental speeches, and became involved in publication of a newspaper, calling himself Jiyu Doji (Child for Liberty), only to be often arrested.
Japanese: 1887年（明治20年）自由民権運動の弾圧が激しさを増し、音二郎は東京から大阪に移り、自由童子と名乗り政府攻撃の演説、新聞発行などの運動を行ってしばしば検挙された。
English: After this he became an apprentice of a Rakugo (comic) story teller Bunnosuke KATSURA (later Shinzaemon SORORI II) and called himself Marumaru UKIYOTEI.
Japanese: こののち、落語家の桂文之助（後の二代目曽呂利新左衛門）に入門、浮世亭◯◯（うきよていまるまる）と名乗る。
English: He sang "Oppekepe-bushi" (composed by Tobe Katsura KAMIGATA III) satirizing the world at vaudeville theaters and gained a great reputation.
Japanese: 世情を風刺した『オッペケペー節』（桂藤兵衛上方3代目作）を寄席で歌い、大評判となる。