nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Furthermore, by going over the authority of the central government and through the issuance of prefectural ordinances, he actively pushed forward regional legislations to stimulate the distribution economy by issuing prefectural bills, and launched the modern educational system as a prefecture-wide model through the restoration of provincial schools ahead of the opening of elementary schools across the nation.
Japanese: また、県札を発行して、経済流通の活性化、全国の小学校開設に先立って郷学校を再興して県学として近代教育のスタートを切るなど、中央の統制を越えて、積極的な地方行政を押し進めようとした。
English: During the years of Atsushi SAISHO, the second prefectural governor, educational legislations were pushed forward for the creation of prefectural schools for teacher training, medical schools, hospitals, girl's schools, issuance of Sakai-version text books, and so on.
Japanese: 二代目の税所篤、県令の時代にも、県師範学校・医学校・病院・女紅場（女学校）・堺版教科書の発行など教育行政が進められた。
English: In addition, seen in the construction of the Sakai Light House and so on, apart from the promotion of trade and craft such as the restoration of seaports, the creation of spinning mills, brick factories, and hosting of the Sakai Exposition, Hamadera Park and Ohama Park (Sakai City) were built, helping prefectural legislations move forward.
Japanese: そして堺灯台の建造など港湾改修・紡績所・レンガ工場・堺博覧会など商工業振興のほか浜寺公園と大浜公園(堺市)の開設など先進的に県政がすすんだ。
English: September 7, 1869: Kawachi Prefecture, which was comprised of the former shogunal demesnes of Kawachi Province, was incorporated.
Japanese: 明治2年8月2日(旧暦)（1869年9月7日）-河内国の旧天領から構成された河内県を編入合併する。
English: March 28, 1869: A portion (Kongobu-ji Temple on Mt. Koya) was incorporated in the newly-found Gojo Prefecture.
Japanese: 明治3年2月27日(旧暦)（1869年3月28日）-一部（高野山金剛峯寺領）が新設の五條県に編入される。
English: January 2, 1872: Due to the elimination and consolidation of prefectures after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), the four prefectures of Kishiwada, Hakuta, Yoshimi, and Tannan as well as a part of Gojo Prefecture were incorporated and merged in Sakai.
Japanese: 明治4年11月22日(旧暦)（1872年1月2日）-廃藩置県後の県の整理統廃合に伴い、岸和田・伯太・吉見・丹南4県（全域）と五條県の一部を編入合併。
English: The fact that Sakai Prefecture was incorporated into Osaka Prefecture in 1881 was seen as part of the reorganization of prefectures after Haihan-chiken, yet, from the national level, the work had already been completed; therefore, it was more about the merge in the midst of the problem associated with partition of prefectures that were too big (in reality, after the merge of Sakai Prefecture, there have been no cases where the administrative divisions of Japan have been abolished, except for the reorganization of Hokkaido and the temporary abolition of the Okinawa Prefecture due to the military polices implemented by the US military after the Pacific War).
Japanese: 明治14年に大阪府に編入されたことは廃藩置県後の県の整理の一環と見られるが、全国的に見ればその作業は完了しており、逆に大き過ぎる県の分割の方に問題が移りつつあった中での合併であった（現実に堺県の合併以後、北海道の再編と太平洋戦争後のアメリカ合衆国軍の軍政施行によって一時廃止された沖縄県以外に都道府県が廃止された例はない）。
English: For that reason, it is said that Sakai was incorporated into Osaka to bring Osaka's size up to the level where it was fit to be called a 'Prefecture,' as it was the smallest in size compared to Kyoto, Tokyo or other peripheral prefectures and as the economy of Osaka had hit the bottom due to bad debts incurred by loans made to Daimyos (feudal lords) in addition to continuous bankruptcies of money-exchange businesses from the abolition of silver grain currencies.
Japanese: そのため、府域が京都、東京や周辺地域と比べて最小で銀目廃止令による両替商の相次ぐ倒産に大名貸の不良債権による大阪経済の地盤沈下もあり大阪府を「府」に相応しい規模にするために行われたと考えられている。
English: Subsequently, as expected, the increased size of the prefecture became an issue, and on November 4, 1887, what was once a portion of Sakai, Nara Prefecture, was once again portioned back.
Japanese: その後、やはり府域の広大すぎる事が問題視され、明治20年（1887年）11月4日には、かつて堺県の一部となっていた奈良県が再度分離される事になる。
English: It established a new law and revised an old law, but a Bill was given down to the Central State Council (later Cabinet) as the order of the Emperor, and in the case of emergency it approved after the case, so that it did not have powerful authority.
Japanese: 新法の制定と旧法の改定を行うこととしたが、議案は天皇の命令として正院（後に内閣）から下付され、緊急を要する場合は事後承認するだけになるなど権限は弱かった。
English: Genroin was established succeeded from the Left State Council (an organ which report a legislative decision to the Central State Council) on April 25, 1875, by the agreement at the Osaka conference in 1875 among Toshimichi OKUBO, Hirobumi ITO, Takayoshi KIDO, and Taisuke ITAGAKI, and the document of the Emperor of the constitutional system given later.
Japanese: 1875年に大久保利通・伊藤博文・木戸孝允・板垣退助らの大阪会議での合意に基づき、続いて出された立憲政体の詔書によって1875年4月25日左院にかわり設置された。
English: At first, it was constituted of a President and a Vice-president, and quota was unlimited, but soon after according to the financial matter the office organization was revised on November 25 in the same year (in 1875), the member was a President, a Vice-president, two secretaries who support them, (abolished in 1886), and other 28 bureaucrats, in total 32 members were admitted as the quota.
Japanese: 当初は正副議長各1名が置かれ定員は無制限とされたが、程なく財政上の都合から同年11月25日に職制が改正されて正副議長各1名とこれを補佐する幹事2名（1886年廃止）、その他の議官28名の計32名が定数とされた。
English: The President was appointed to the additional post of Sadaijin (Minister of the left), but no cases were recorded, when Genroin was established the Presidential seat was vacant and the Vice-president Shojiro GOTO acted for the President.
Japanese: 議長は左大臣の兼務とされたが実際には一度もその事例は無く、設置当初は議長は空席で副議長の後藤象二郎が議長の職務を代行した。
English: Due to the revision in November 1875, a post of secretary was newly established to support the President, Munemitsu MUTSU and Togama KONO were appointed to the secretary.
Japanese: 1875年11月の改正に伴い、これを補佐するために幹事が新設されて陸奥宗光・河野敏鎌が幹事となった。
English: When Prince Taruhito was appointed to the President, an imperial order of drawing up a draft constitution was given to Genroin by the request of Tomomi IWAKURA on September 8, 1876.
Japanese: 熾仁親王が議長に就任すると、岩倉具視の要請で1876年9月8日に国憲（憲法）草案起草の勅命が元老院に対して出された。
English: Based on this, 'draft constitution' was made twice (in October 1876 and in October 1878), but it was not adopted, because the Central State Council savaged it.
Japanese: これに基づいて2度の「国憲草案」（1876年10月及び1878年10月）が作成されたが、正院側からは酷評されて採用されなかった。
English: The discussion at Genroin those days was inactive, so it was teased on 'Public Opinion Magazine' issued on January 20, 1878 that the members who were discussing sincerely were just 4 members who were two secretaries (MUTSU, KONO), Nobuyuki NAKAJIMA and Junjiro HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: また、このころの元老院の議論は低調で1878年1月20日付の「輿論雑誌」には、元老院でまともに議論をしているのは両幹事（陸奥・河野）と中島信行・細川潤次郎の4名だけと揶揄されている。
English: Furthermore, as one misfortune followed another, Secretary Munemitsu MUTSU was forced to be a suspect of Risshisha no goku incident in June, and expelled from Genroin, so that on this occasion a side of the Central State Council moved to control the authority of Genroin, then it had to be interfered by the Central State Council later on.
Japanese: しかも追い討ちをかけるように6月には幹事の陸奥宗光が立志社の獄の容疑者とされて元老院を追放されたのを機に、正院側から元老院の権力を抑制しようとする動きが現れ、以後正院の干渉を受けるようになった。
English: After the year of 1880 the quota was ignored practically, it became a kind of waiting post for a prefectural governor and high officials of the government by getting a new post.
Japanese: 1880年以後、定数は事実上無視されて知事や政府高官経験者が次の役職を得るまでの待機ポストの色合いを強める。
English: When it was abolished the quota was increased to 91, the most of them transferred to the House of Noble after the abolition of Genroin.
Japanese: 廃止時には定員が91名にまで増員され、その多くが元老院廃止後にそのまま貴族院議員に転身する。
English: Shikibunden are rice fields that were granted to government officials under the ancient East Asian Ritsuryo system.
Japanese: 職分田（しきぶんでん）は、古代東アジアの律令制において、官職についた者へ支給された田である。
English: The ritsuyo code of Sui and Tang dynasties adopted an equal-field system under which kubunden (rice fields given to each farmer under the Ritsuryo system) and inheritable fields were provided to all adult men, and shikibunden were granted separately to government officials.
Japanese: 隋・唐の律令では、均田制を採用し、男丁（成人男性）へ一律に口分田と世業田（永業田）を支給することを原則としていたが、それと別に、官職にある者（官人）へ職分田が支給されていた。
English: Government officials (especially of low to medium ranks) devolved the right to cultivate shikibunden to peasants who only had equally allocated fields, and instead collected part of the harvest as a private land tax.
Japanese: 官人らは、支給された職分田の耕作権を、希望する均田農民へ与えて、収穫の一部を私的な租税として徴収していた。
English: In Japan, the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho code) enacted in 701 stipulated the rules for shikiden (rice fields granted to Dainagon and those with higher ranks) and kugaiden.
Japanese: 日本では、701年制定の大宝律令（大宝令）において、職田（しきでん）と公廨田（くがいでん）の規定が置かれた。
English: Shikiden were rice fields provided to the government officials who were the members of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and held the ranks of Dainagon (chief councilor of the state) or higher and to Gunji (local magistrates), and kugaiden were rice fields provided to Kokushi (provincial governors) and officials of Dazaifu (local government office in the Kyushu region).
Japanese: 職田は、大納言以上の太政官の官人および郡司へ支給される田地であり、公廨田は、国司および大宰府官人へ支給される田地である。
English: Under Torei (codes in the Tang era), shikiden (or shikibunden) were provided to the government officials who held governmental posts and kugaiden were a source of revenue for governmental institutions, while under the Taiho code, both were provided to government officials and there were no fundamental difference between the two.
Japanese: 唐令では、職田（職分田）は官職を有する官人へ支給され、公廨田は官庁の収入源として規定されたのに対し、日本の大宝令では、両者とも官人を対象としたものであり、両者間の本質的な差異はなかった。
English: There is a possibility that there were provisions under Omi-Ryo (Omi administrative code) or Asukakiyomihararyo (the legal code of Japanese ancient state) that preceded the Taiho code but since neither exists in print, details are unknown.
Japanese: 先行する近江令・飛鳥浄御原令に何らかの規定があった可能性はあるが、両者とも現存しないため、詳細は不明である。
English: The Yoro ritsuryo code (Yoro code) enacted in 757 integrated shikiden and kugaiden into one and established it as shikibunden.
Japanese: 757年に施行された養老律令（養老令）は、職田・公廨田を一本化して、職分田と規定した。
English: The new rule continued to grant rice fields to the government officials who were the members of Daijokan (which meant Dajodaijin at the highest to Dainagon at the lowest), officials of Dazaifu, Kokushi and Gunji according to their government posts.
Japanese: 太政官の官人（太政大臣以下、大納言以上）、大宰府官人、地方国司、地方郡司に対して、官職に応じた面積が支給されることに変わりはない。
English: In principle, such rice fields were fuyusoden but shikibunden provided to Gunjis were yusoden (rice fields subject to rice field tax).
Japanese: 原則として不輸租田とされていたが、郡司への職分田のみ輸租田（田租の対象となる田）とされた。
English: Reviewing the size of the fields provided to Gunji, it is clear that they were afforded far larger fields than Kokushi.
Japanese: 郡司への支給面積を見ると、国司と比べて非常に広い面積が支給されていたことが判る。
English: It is known that in view of the importance placed on education, shikibunden called Hakase-shikiden were provided to various professors in Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education), which was not the case under the Yoro code.
Japanese: また、教育を重視する観点から養老令の規定には無い大学寮の諸博士に特に博士職田と称される職分田が支給されていたことが知られている。
English: In 791, Daijokanpu (an official document of the Daijokan sent to local governments) ("Ruiju sandaikyaku" [a statute book written in the Heian Period]) that afforded additional Hakase-shikiden to Daigaku Hakase (Professor of Education) and Myobo Hakase (Professor of Law) but retained the same distribution for Monjo Hakase (Professor of Literature and History), San Hakase (Professor of Arithmetic) and other professors was issued.
Japanese: 791年には大学博士（明法博士）と明法博士に博士職田の加増が行うが、文章博士・算博士などの他の博士の職田は現状維持とするという内容の太政官符（『類聚三代格』）が出されいる。
English: Although details are not clear, this shows that Hakase-shikiden had been provided before that time.
Japanese: 具体的な始期は不明であるが、その以前から博士職田の支給が行われていた事が判明している。
English: By the 9th to 10th century the Ritsuryo system had become lax, and the officials of Dazaifu, Kokushi, Gunshi and others started to use shikibunden as principal to accumulate wealth.
Japanese: 律令制が弛緩する9・10世紀になると、大宰府官人、国司、郡司らは職分田を原資の一つとして、富の蓄積を行っていった。
English: As a result, some of them became millionaires and some went on to become Tato (cultivators), who specialized in farm management and acquired economic power.
Japanese: これにより彼らの中には富豪と呼ばれる者も出現し、農業経営に特化して経済力をつけた田堵（たと）へ成長していった。
English: Asukakyomihara-ryo Code is a systematic legal code that was enacted in the second half of the Asuka period in Japan.
Japanese: 飛鳥浄御原令（あすかきよみはらりょう）は、日本の飛鳥時代後期に制定された体系的な法典。
English: Although it is thought to be the first systematic ritsuryo code in Japanese history, the volumes do not exist and many of the details are unknown.
Japanese: 日本史上、最初の体系的な律令法と考えられているが、現存しておらず、詳細は不明な部分が多い。
English: As a ritsuryo code that preceded Asukakiyomihara-ryo Code, there is Omi-Ryo (Omi Administrative Code), which is said to have been enacted by Emperor Tenchi in 668.
Japanese: 飛鳥浄御原令に先行する律令法には、天智天皇が668年に制定したとされる近江令がある。
English: Among various views on Omi-Ryo including the one which insists on its nonexistence, the most popular one is that it was a generic name for various individual laws and ordinances made with the aim of establishment of the system ruled by the ritsuryo codes and was not a systematic code.
Japanese: 近江令の存在については、非存在説も含めて見解が分かれているが、近江令とは、律令制を指向する単行法令を総称したものであり、体系的な法典ではなかったとする見方が広く支持されている。
English: Emperor Tenmu, who had seized political power by force of arms from Emperor Kobun, the successor of Emperor Tenchi, began conducting Koshin politics, under which Imperial princes and other Imperial family members assumed key posts in the government, and thus strengthened the autocracy.
Japanese: 天智天皇を後継した弘文天皇から、軍事力によって政権を奪取した天武天皇は、政権中枢を皇子らで占める皇親政治を開始し、専制的な政治を行っていった。
English: In order to enforce his powerful political views, he established a bureaucratic system and various laws to regulate the system.
Japanese: 天武は、その強力な政治意思を執行していくために、官僚制度とそれを規定する諸法令を整備していった。
English: Such governance philosophy that highly valued bureaucrats (or government officials) and laws culminated in the introduction of the ritsuryo system (the system of centralized administration established under the ritsuryo legal codes), since it shared the same governance principle.
Japanese: このような官僚（官人）と法律を重視する支配方針は、支配原則が共通する律令制の導入へと帰着した。
English: On February 25, 681, Emperor Tenmu issued an imperial decree ordering princes and retainers to establish a ritsuryo system.
Japanese: 天武10年2月25日（681年）、天武は皇子・諸臣に対して、律令制定を命ずる詔を発令した。
English: But since Emperor Tenmu died in 686 before the ritsuyo code was completed, Empress Jito and Crown Prince Kusakabe inherited the enterprise to conclude it.
Japanese: しかし、律令が完成する前の686年に天武が没したため、その皇后の持統天皇と皇太子の草壁皇子が律令事業を継承した。
English: Since all of a sudden only ryo was distributed without ritsu, it is believed that ryo was issued ahead of schedule in haste in order to quell the unrest within the government caused by the sudden death of Prince Kusakabe and to clearly express that the will of Emperor Tenmu to enact ritsuryo would be followed.
Japanese: 律は制定されず、令のみが唐突に頒布されていることから、草壁の死による政府内の動揺を抑え、天武の（律令制定という）遺志の継承を明示するため、予定を前倒しして、令のみが急遽公布されたのだと考えられている。
English: It is said that Asukakiyomihara-ryo Code determined some important issues.
Japanese: 飛鳥浄御原令により、いくつかの重要な事項が本令により定められたとされている。
English: There is a view that the title of Tenno was regulated by this ryo, but another view that it was established during the reign of Emperor Tenmu and was written into law by this ryo is accepted more widely.
Japanese: 天皇号は本令により規定されたとする説があるが、むしろ、天武期において天皇号が制定され、本令により法典に明記されたのだとする説が有力である。
English: It is believed that the structural framework of the ritsuryo system was systematized by this code, which included the stipulation that the ancient family register had to be revised every six years, definition of the smallest administrative division consisting of 50 families in the regional system, and the enactment of the law of the rice field allotment system.
Japanese: その他、古代の戸籍制度を6年に1回作成すること（六年一造）、50戸を1里とする地方制度、班田収授法に関する規定など、律令制の骨格が本令により制度化されたと考えられている。
English: There is a theory which says that ritsu was enacted at the same time (the Asukakiyomihara Ritsuryo theory), but a commonly accepted view is that at the time the ritsu part was adopted from Tang Code but not established in its own terms.
Japanese: なお、律も併せて制定されたとする説（飛鳥浄御原律令説）もあるが、律は制定されず、唐律が適用されたとするのが通説である。
English: Partly because it was enacted in such a rush, Asukakiyomihara-ryo Code was not really a completed product.
Japanese: 飛鳥浄御原令は、急遽施行されたという事情もあり、必ずしも完成された内容ではなかった。
English: Hence, the compilation of the code continued after its issuance, and the enterprise which had been undertaken by Emperor Tenmu was finalized with Taiho Ritsuryo Code in 701 at last.
Japanese: そのため、律令の編纂作業はその後も継続していき、最終的に701年の大宝律令によって、天武が企図した律令編纂事業が完成することとなった。
English: The Aomatsuba Incident was Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) crackdown incident which happened in the Owari Domain from February 13 to 18 in 1868.
Japanese: 青松葉事件（あおまつばじけん）とは、慶応4年（1868年）1月20日から25日にかけて発生した尾張藩内での佐幕派弾圧事件である。
English: The targets of crackdown ranged from senior vassals to common feudal retainers and the fourteen were decapitated and the twenty were punished.
Japanese: 弾圧の対象者は重臣から一般藩士まで及び、斬首14名、処罰20名にのぼった。
English: The fourteenth shogun Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA returned from Kyoto after political treatments of the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) and on the day the order of crackdown was issued, which suggests that a sort of secret order was issued from the Imperial Court but the truth is not clear even now.
Japanese: それまで京都で大政奉還後の政治的処理を行っていた14代藩主徳川慶勝が帰国し、その日のうちに弾圧の命令が出ていることから、何らかの密命を朝廷より下されたと思われるが、真相はいまだにはっきりしていない。
English: The name of the incident comes from 'Aomatsuba' which was the name of the house of Aritsuna WATANABE who was the head of the executed vassals.
Japanese: 事件名は、処刑された重臣のうちの筆頭格である渡辺在綱の家が「青松葉」といわれていたことからとっている。
English: The Watanabe family was originally a descendant of Moritsuna WATANABE (1542 - 1620), whose imyo (another name) was 'Hanzo of Spear' and was a retainer of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and there were many anecdotes such as that the family was also interested in teppo (gun) and aomatsuba (blue pine needle) was used for starting a fire to cast it or that when taking nengu (land tax) from chigyo-chi (territory) they were counted with aomatsuba inserted in the bales, which is why they were called 'WATANABE of aomatsuba.'
Japanese: 渡辺家はもともと徳川家康の家来で「槍の半蔵」の異名を取った渡辺守綱（天文(元号)11年(1542年)-元和(日本)6年(1620年)）の末裔であるが、鉄砲にも興味を持ち、その鋳造に用いる火を起こすのに青松葉を使ったとか、知行地から年貢を受け取るとき、青松葉を俵に挿して数えた、などという逸話が多いことから「青松葉の渡辺」といわれていたらしい。
English: There existed otsukegaro (karo assigned directly by the shogun when the sons of the Tokugawa became daimyo) in the Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family) such as the Owari Tokugawa family, the Kishu Tokugawa family and the Mito Tokugawa family.
Japanese: 徳川御三家である尾張徳川家、紀州徳川家、水戸徳川家には、御附家老というものが存在した。
English: Simply, otsukegaro was Ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo bakufu, Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for the lord of a domain, sent from the Shogun family, and in the Owari Domain, the Narusehayato no kami family and the Takenokoshi Hyobu shoyu family were well-known and their Chigyo daka (a stipend in terms of rice production of the fief) were large.
Japanese: 御附家老とは、単純に言えば将軍家から派遣された藩主のお目付け役であり、尾張では成瀬隼人正（なるせはやとのかみ）家と竹腰兵部少輔（たけのこしひょうぶしょうゆう）家が知行高も大きく著名であった。
English: The family lineage, which even the lord of the domain had to show constraint, meant the very powerful authority and naturally the domain was divided into Naruse side and Takenokoshi side.
Japanese: 藩主も遠慮しなければならない家柄からその権力は強大であり、藩内は自然、成瀬派と竹腰派に分かれた。
English: Among them the Takenokoshi side took a stance nearer to bakufu and formerly they forced the seventh lord of the Owari Domain Muneharu TOKUGAWA, who had a rebellious attitude to the bakufu, to be secluded and suspended.
Japanese: このうち、より幕府に近い立場を取り続けたのが竹腰派であり、古くは幕府に反抗的だった7代藩主徳川宗春を隠居謹慎に追い込んだこともあった。
English: Around that time during the end of the Edo period, the domain was divided into the 'Kanetetsu group' who were in Sonno-joi-ha (a group of activists who admired the Emperor and hated foreigners, advocating the need for expelling them from Japan) and the 'Fuigo party' who were in Sabaku-ha, and the Naruse family was near to the Kanetetsu group and the Takenokoshi family near to the Fuigo party.
Japanese: 幕末のこの時期、藩内は尊皇攘夷を唱える「金鉄組」と、佐幕的な立場を執る「ふいご党」とに分かれ、成瀬家は金鉄組、竹腰家はふいご党に近かった。
English: The fourteenth lord of the Owari Domain Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA took stance of Sonno-joi-ha and especially since the arrival of the Black Ships, he was often opposed to the Fuigo party like the Takenokoshi family during the reform of administration of the domain.
Japanese: 14代藩主徳川慶勝は就任以来尊皇攘夷の立場をとり、特に黒船来航以来藩政の刷新を進める中で竹腰家を初めとするふいご党と対立することが多かった。
English: The crackdown on Tairo (chief minister) Nosuke II forced Yoshikatsu to be secluded and the Kanetetsu group was on decline and under the new lord of the domain Mochinaga TOKUGAWA, Takenokoshi Hyobu shoyu took domain duties, but after the Sakuradamongai no Hen (The Incident Outside the Sakurada-mon Gate), Takenokoshi Hyobu shoyu was toppled and Yoshikatsu advanced to administration of the domain though he was in retirement and he often went to the capital (Kyoto) with the Kanetetsu group to take the helm of state.
Japanese: 大老井伊直弼の弾圧により慶勝が隠居すると、金鉄組は没落し、竹腰兵部少輔が新藩主徳川茂徳のもとで藩政を取り仕切ったが、桜田門外の変以降竹腰兵部少輔は失脚、慶勝が隠居の身ながら藩政の前面に出、金鉄組とともに頻繁に上洛して政局にあたった。
English: Meanwhile, Mochinaga went into retirement and Yoshinori TOKUGAWA, the son of Yoshikatsu, became the lord of the domain and the Fuigo party languished in obscurity.
Japanese: その間、茂徳が隠居して慶勝の子徳川義宜が藩主となり、ふいご党は日の目を見なかった。
English: After the Taisei Hokan the army of the bakufu was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi from January 27 to 29 in 1868.
Japanese: 大政奉還後、慶応4年1月3日から5日にかけての鳥羽・伏見の戦いで幕府軍が敗北した。
English: When the news reached Nagoya-jo Castle, regarding whether to dispatch troops or not, the confrontation deepened between the Kanetetsu group insisting on the dispatch and the Fuigo party in a guarded stance.
Japanese: その一報が名古屋城に届くと、京都に派兵するかどうかで、派兵を主張する金鉄組と派兵に慎重なふいご党との対立が深まった。
English: Then Yoshikatsu in Kyoto heard the situation in the Owari Domain from the supervision Tomoyuki YOSHIDA with his own soldiers in the form of a letter from the castle keeper Shoman MAMIYA, and he left Kyoto on February 8 and returned to his province on 13.
Japanese: このとき、京都にいた慶勝は、手勢を率いて上洛した監察吉田知行から、城代間宮正萬の言付けという形で尾張藩内の情勢を聞き、1月15日に京都をたち、20日に帰国している。
English: Tezutsu head status, Goshomotsu bugyo (writing magistrate), 200 bales, 50 bales out of 200 tashidaka Soshiro Yushi IEDA (61).
Japanese: 御手筒頭格、御書物奉行、二百俵、内五十俵足高　冢田愨四郎有志(61)
English: Nishikiori bugyo (magistrate) status, Omotegoban, 250 bales, 180 out of 250 bales tashidaka Chojuro Hidechika YASUI (52).
Japanese: 錦織奉行格、表御番、二百五十俵、内百八十俵足高　安井長十郎秀親(52)
English: The theory says that due to the call from Takenokoshi Hyobu shoyu, the Fuigo party went down to Edo with princeling Yoshinori and supported for the bakufu army.
Japanese: 江戸在府中の竹腰兵部少輔の呼びかけに応じ、ふいご党が幼君義宜を擁して江戸へ向かい、幕府軍に加勢する、という動きがあったというもの。
English: This is the contents that supervision Tomoyuki YOSHIDA told Yoshikatsu as a tip from the castle keeper Shoman MAMIYA.
Japanese: 監察吉田知行が城代間宮正萬の内報として慶勝に知らせた内容がこれである。
English: In those days, Yoshikatsu took the stance to oppose to giving up the territories on Jikan nochi (an order for surrendering the Shogunate post and domains to the Imperial Court) of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 当時、慶勝は徳川慶喜の辞官納地問題に際し、領地返上に反対の立場をとっていた。
English: Exasperated by this, Tomomi IWAKURA conspired with the retainers of the Kanetetsu group in the Owari Domain to make up the above back-up theory or used the rumor, and in the name of order of the Imperial Court, threatened Yoshikatsu to show a bold front.
Japanese: これに対して業を煮やした岩倉具視が、上の加勢説を尾張藩金鉄組の家臣と共謀してでっちあげ、または噂を利用し、朝命の名の下に慶勝に旗幟を鮮明にするよう脅迫した、というもの。
English: The war itself was over with the apology of the Choshu Domain, but the three chief retainers and eleven feudal retainers of the domain committed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and conquering army of Choshu identified severed heads twice.
Japanese: 戦争そのものは長州藩が謝罪して終わったものの、長州藩家老3人と藩士11人が切腹し、征長軍は2度にわたり首実検を行った。
English: This gave two humiliations and the Choshu Domain bore a grudge.
Japanese: これが2度も辱めを与えた、として長州藩が恨みを持っていた、というもの。
English: In fact in this incident, the number of senior vassals who were decapitated was three and the one of feudal retainers was eleven, which were of one accord.
Japanese: ちなみに、本事件で斬首になったのは重臣3人、藩士11人で、奇妙なことに符合している。