nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When the Ikedaya Incident occurred on July 8, 1864, he was a member of Toshizo HIJIKATA's team, and fought bravely inside the building.
Japanese: 元治元年6月5日の池田屋事件では、土方歳三の隊に所属し、屋内にて奮戦した。
English: When the Shinsengumi was reorganized in December 1864, he joined the Seventh Cannon Unit led by Chuji MATSUBARA, but his whereabouts after that is unknown.
Japanese: 同年12月の編成では、松原忠司の七番大炮組に所属しているが、それ以後行方不明。
English: Ryuichi KUKI (September 12, 1850 to August 18, 1931) was a Japanese bureaucrat and a baron.
Japanese: 九鬼隆一（くきりゅういち、嘉永3年8月7日_(旧暦)（1850年9月12日）-昭和6年（1931年）8月18日）は日本の官僚、男爵。
English: He served as Shoyu (a Junior Assistant Minister) of the Ministry of Education (the present deputy secretary of the Ministry of Education), the first chief of the Imperial Museum (the present National Museum), a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers), as well as an imperial court councilor of Sumitsu-in (Privy Council) (Japan).
Japanese: 文部少輔（現在の文部省事務次官）、帝国博物館（現・国立博物館）初代総長、貴族院議員、枢密院(日本)宮中顧問官などを務めた。
English: He especially had a lot of knowledge of fine art, and was the founder of the Sanda Museum which used to be in Sanda City (but is closed now).
Japanese: 特に美術分野に造詣が深く、かつて三田市にあった三田博物館（現在は閉館）の創設者でもある。
English: In 1850, he was born in Yashikimachi, the Sanda Domain (current, Sanda City, Hyogo Prefecture), as the second son of 星崎貞幹 who was a vassal of the Sanda Domain and was granted 180 koku (a volume measure for rice [approximately, 180 liters]).
Japanese: 嘉永3年（1850年）、三田藩の家臣で180石取りの星崎貞幹の次男として藩内の屋敷町（現・兵庫県三田市）で生まれた。
English: When his mother, 龍, died in 1860, he was adopted by 九鬼隆周, a chief retainer of the Ayabe Domain who was looking for a successor, through the intercession of the lord of domain, Takayoshi, KUKI.
Japanese: 1860年（万延元年）に母・龍が亡くなるが、藩主・九鬼隆義の斡旋で、跡継ぎを探していた綾部藩家老・九鬼隆周の養子となる。
English: When Yukichi FUKUZAWA, who was involved in the reformation of the duties of the Sanda Domain, came to Kyoo (a banquet) in the domain residence in Edobori, Osaka, Kuki attended the same Kyoo and met him there.
Japanese: 三田藩の藩政改革に携わっていた福澤諭吉が大阪江戸堀の藩屋敷で饗応された際に同席し、面識を得る。
English: When he went to Tokyo with Takayoshi, KUKI on June 28, 1869, he visited Yukichi FUKUZAWA again with the recommendation of the domain and got permission to enter the Gakko Hojin (incorporated educational institution) Keio Gijuku.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）5月19日に九鬼隆義と共に上京した際に福澤を再訪し、藩の推薦もあって学校法人慶應義塾への入塾を許可された。
English: In December of the same year, he was assigned to be a company commander of the Western style military drill court as well as a Junior Councillor of the Ayabe Domain, and he became in charge of Tukaharaguchi of the Tanba Kaido Road, as Sanin Chinbu-sotoku (the general of placating Sanin).
Japanese: 同年11月、綾部藩の洋式練兵中隊長、権少参事などの職に就き、山陰鎮撫総督として丹波街道の塚原口を受け持った。
English: In March 1870, he entered Koumin KAWAMOTO's private school and studied there for several months until the school closed.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）2月に川本幸民の私塾に入学し、閉校までの数ヶ月間、教えを受けた。
English: In December of the same year, he retired as Junior Councillor, and entered the Gakko Hojin Keio Gijuku in March of the following year and studied English and other subjects there.
Japanese: 同年11月には権少参事の職を退き、翌年2月に学校法人慶應義塾に入塾して英語などを学んだ。
English: In May 1872, he started working for the Ministry of Education as the eleventh class, and became the inspector of Daigaku Nanko (the predecessor of the University of Tokyo) and an office manager at Daigaku Toko (the Eastern College of the University).
Japanese: 明治5年（1872年）4月に文部省に十一等出仕し大学南校の監事、同9月には大学東校事務主任となる。
English: At that time, fourty percent of the national budget for education went into the overseas education expense of 260 people dispatched abroad, and the Ministry of Education was thinking of aborting their overseas education and using the expense to invite foreign teachers (foreign residents in Japan employed to teach new techniques).
Japanese: 当時、国内の教育予算のうち40％弱が海外に派遣されていた260名の留学費用に充てられており、文部省としては彼らの留学を打ち切ってその費用で外国人教師（お雇い外国人）を招聘することを考えていた。
English: Since people studying abroad were mostly the children of high officers from Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa and Hizen, or the children of people who made a great contribution to the Meiji Restoration, Kuki strongly agreed to the government policy in order to prevent the social classes from cementing due to privileged overseas education as well as to provide opportunities to all gifted students.
Japanese: 留学生は薩長土肥の高官や明治維新の功績者の子弟が中心であり、特権的な留学による身分の固定化への危惧や優秀な学生の機会獲得のため、九鬼は文部省の方針に積極的に賛同していた。
English: Consequently, Kuki went to Europe in 1873 in order to see the actual situation of overseas students as well as to explain and convince them to come back to Japan.
Japanese: このため、現地で留学生の実態調査と帰国の説明・説得にあたるため九鬼は明治6年（1873年）に渡欧している。
English: Kowashi INOUE and Kazuro INOUE, who were studying abroad at that time, showed strong opposition at first, however, Tokusuke NAKAE (later, Choumin NAKAE) understood the situation, leading to the consent of everyone in the end.
Japanese: 当時の留学生の中には井上毅、井上和郎などもおり当初は強い反発を受けたが、中江篤介（後の中江兆民）の理解などもあって最終的に全員の承諾を得ることができた。
English: The first government-sponsored overseas students after the revision of the system included Kazuo HATOYAMA who became a statesman and Jutaro KOMURA who became a diplomat, which shows that Kuki eventually achieved his goal.
Japanese: なお、制度変更後の第一回国費留学生には政治家となった鳩山和夫、外交官となった小村寿太郎などの人材がおり、結果的に九鬼の目標は達成されたと言える。
English: Due to his success in convincing the overseas students, he became Shojo (Junior Secretary) of the Ministry of Education in 1874 after he came back to Japan.
Japanese: 説得の成功もあり、帰国後の明治7年（1874年）4月には文部少丞となる。
English: In April 1876, he was promoted to Soninkan (a senior officer originally selected as a candidate by the Prime Minister), a Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Education as well as the first class legal system officer, and in January 1877, the following year, he was promoted to the Great Secretary of the Ministry of Education as well as the secretary of Daijokan (Grand Council of State).
Japanese: さらに明治9年（1876年）4月には奏任官である文部大丞・一等法制官に、翌・明治10年（1877年）年1月には文部大書記官・太政官大書記官に昇進。
English: In October, he was sent to Paris for the Paris World Exposition which was going to be held in the following year (1878), and came back to Japan in May 1879.
Japanese: 10月には翌年のパリ万国博覧会(1878年)のため派遣され、明治12年（1879年）5月に帰国した。
English: Since he was exposed to western art and its art administration in France, he became interested in those fields.
Japanese: また、フランスで西洋美術や美術行政に触れたことがきっかけでこの分野への関心を持った。
English: After that, he met Ernest Fenollosa and Tenshin OKAKURA, and started supporting their art research.
Japanese: この後にアーネスト・フェノロサや岡倉天心と面識を持ち、その美術研究の支援者となる。
English: Fenollosa, with Kuki's support, effectively conducted the investigation on the cultural properties in the temples and shrines or other places of all over Japan including Kyoto and Nara.
Japanese: 後援を受けたフェノロサらは京都や奈良をはじめ全国各地で寺社などにある文化財の調査を効率的に進めた。
English: In 1880, he became Shoyu of the Ministry of Education, and in November of the same year, he became the vice chief of audition and the councilor of the National Industrial Exhibition.
Japanese: 明治13年（1880年）に文部少輔（現在の文部省事務次官）となり、同11月には内国勧業博覧会の審査副長および議官に就任した。
English: Since the domain cliques had strong power at that time, it was rare for a person from a small domain to be promoted that quickly.
Japanese: 藩閥の力が強力な当時では、小藩出身の人物の出世としては珍しいほどの速さである。
English: Since Monbukyo (the chief of Ministry of Education [present, the Minister of Education]), Togama KONO was not very interested in administration, Kuki dominated the Ministry of Education and it was called 'Kuki's Ministry of Education.'
Japanese: 文部卿（現在の文部大臣）の河野敏鎌の行政への関心が薄かったこともあり、「九鬼の文部省」と呼ばれるほどの権勢を振るった。
English: In the next year, 1881, in order to stop the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, Hirobumi ITO and others initiated Meiji juyonen no seihen and expelled Shigenobu OKUMA from the government.
Japanese: 翌・明治14年（1881年）に自由民権運動に歯止めをかけようとした伊藤博文らにより、いわゆる明治十四年の政変が起き、大隈重信が政府から追放された。
English: On this occasion, due to the suspicion that Okuma and Yukichi FUKUZAWA were trying to set up a new cabinet to replace the han-dominated government, many government officials who graduated from Keio Gijuku and were greatly influenced by Fukuzawa left their positions.
Japanese: この際に、大隈や福澤諭吉が藩閥政府に代わる内閣を組織しようとしていたとの疑惑から、福澤の影響が強い慶應義塾出身の官僚が多数官を辞することになった。
English: However, Kuki, holding the line against them, stayed in the Ministry of Education, and tried to implement the education policy based on the traditionalism which was against the Fukuzawa's idea of civilization and enlightenment.
Japanese: しかし九鬼は彼らと一線を画して文部省に残り、福澤の文明開化主義に反対する伝統主義的な教育政策の実施者となった。
English: As a result, the relationship between Kuki and Fukuzawa became extremely tense, and when a clerical officer sent an invitation of Fukizawa's meeting to Kuki by mistake, Fukuzawa warn the officer by using the following rabid expressions: "Having Kuki in the meeting is the same as having a stupid dog in the meeting."
Japanese: このため九鬼と福澤の関係は極度に緊張し、後に福澤の会合への招待状を誤って九鬼に送った事務担当者に対する注意の中で、『九鬼の存在は座上に犬ころがいるようなものだ』という過激な表現を福澤が用いている。
English: Setsurei MIYAKE mentioned that Kuki lost his power in the Ministry of Education since Takato OKI, who became Monbukyo in December 1882, did not trust Kuki very much, and his great supporter Tomomi IWAKURA died the following year.
Japanese: 明治15年（1882年）12月に文部卿となった大木喬任は九鬼への信頼が弱く、翌年に強力な支持者であった岩倉具視が亡くなると文部省での九鬼の権勢は弱まった、と三宅雪嶺は語っている。
English: Moreover, due to Hirobumi ITO who was promoting the westernization of Japan, Arinori MORI became the first Minister of Education in 1884.
Japanese: さらに明治17年（1884年）、西洋化を進める伊藤博文の方針で森有礼が初代文部大臣に就任した。
English: Accordingly, Nagazane MOTODA and Kuki, whose ideals were Confucianist, left the Ministry of Education in May of the same year, and Kuki went to Washington, D.C. as the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary.
Japanese: そのため、元田永孚とともに儒学的な指向だった九鬼は同年5月に文部省を去り、特命全権公使としてワシントンD.C.に赴任した。
English: In Washington, D.C., he displayed a few hundreds of Japanese paintings in the guest room in order to introduce Japanese art, and also proposed the Ministry of Education that the antiquities should be preserved as national treasures in order to prevent them from going to foreign countries.
Japanese: ワシントンでは公使館の客間に数百幅の日本画を飾って日本美術を紹介し、また古美術品の海外流出防止の観点から国宝保存を文部省や宮内省に進言している。
English: Ernest Fenollosa, whom Kuki had known for some time, seems to have suggested this to Kuki.
Japanese: この背景には以前から交流のあったアーネスト・フェノロサの意見があったと考えられる。
English: In 1887, he met Fenollosa and Tenshin OKAKURA again for the first time in years, when they had completed the inspection in Europe and stopped in America.
Japanese: 明治20年（1887年）、ヨーロッパでの視察を終えたフェノロサと岡倉天心がアメリカに立ち寄り、数年ぶりに再開している。
English: Since Kuki's wife, Hatsuko was pregnant, Tenshin left with her for Japan and arrived at Yokohama Port in October.
Japanese: 九鬼の妻・初子が妊娠していたため天心が付き添いとして一緒に帰国し、10月に横浜港に着いた。
English: After she came back to Japan, Shuzo KUKI was born on February 15, 1888.
Japanese: 帰国後、明治21年（1888年）2月15日に生まれたのが後の九鬼周造である。
English: Here, he set up a bureau for provisional national inspection of treasure where he became its chairman and Fenollosa and Tenshin became its members, to inspect and preserve cultural properties.
Japanese: ここで臨時全国宝物取調掛を設置して自ら委員長となり、旧知のフェノロサや天心が委員を務めて文化財の調査・保護に当たった。
English: From May to September in 1888 and from October in 1888 to February of the next year, he visited Kyoto Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture and Wakayama Prefecture in the Kinki area with Fenollosa to investigate the shrines and temples and the arts there.
Japanese: 明治21年5月から9月と、10月から翌年2月の2回にわたり、フェノロサを伴って近畿地方の京都府・大阪府・奈良県・滋賀県・和歌山県を訪れ、社寺や美術品の調査を行なっている。
English: When the Imperial Museums (present, National Museum) were established in Tokyo, Kyoto and Nara in 1889, he became the first chief of the Imperial Museum and served until 1900.
Japanese: 翌・明治22年（1889年）に東京国立博物館・京都国立博物館・奈良国立博物館に帝国博物館（現在の国立博物館）が設立されると、初代総長となり、明治33年（1900年）まで務めた。
English: In the same year, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Faculty of Fine Arts of Tokyo University of Arts), which Kuki supported, was established and Fenollosa became the principal.
Japanese: 同年には九鬼の支援した東京美術学校（現・東京藝術大学美術学部）も設立され、フェノロサが校長となっている。
English: At the third National Industrial Exhibition held in Ueno in 1890, he was the chief of audition.
Japanese: 明治23年（1890年）に上野で開催された第3回内国勧業博覧会では審査総長を務めた。
English: In the same year, he was involved with the establishment of Teishitsu Gigeiin (Imperial art experts), and he was also appointed to the member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) when the Imperial Diet was established.
Japanese: 同年には帝室技芸員の制定に携わり、また帝国議会の設立に際して貴族院(日本)議員に任命されている。
English: In April 1891, the following year, he was assigned by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Munemitsu MUTSU, to create an organization for the preparation of the World's Columbian Exposition (1893) which was going to be held two years later, and became the vice-director, who was practically in charge.
Japanese: 翌・明治24年（1891年）4月、農商務大臣・陸奥宗光の命令で2年後のシカゴ万国博覧会(1893年)の準備組織作りを行ない、実質的な責任者である副総裁となった。
English: At the second general election of members of the House of Representatives held in 1892, he was requested by the Prime Minister, Masayoshi MATSUKATA to support the government-affiliated candidates in Kinki area and Setouchi area from January to February.
Japanese: 明治25年（1892年）の第2回衆議院議員総選挙では総理大臣・松方正義の依頼を受けて1月から2月まで近畿地方・瀬戸内地方で政府系候補の支援活動を行なった。
English: His position at that time was the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary which he had been since going to America, but he was excused from it in September of the same year.
Japanese: この時の身分は渡米時から続いていた特命全権公使で、同年9月にこれを免ぜられた。
English: It is well known that Yajiro SHINAGAWA and Senichi SHIRANE strongly interfered this election and ordered police officers to use force, causing death in Kochi Prefecture.
Japanese: この選挙では品川弥二郎や白根専一が強力な選挙干渉を行ない、警察官に武力行使を命じて高知県などで死者が出たことが有名である。
English: On the other hand, Kuki's plan was relatively moderate, like he ordered police officers to control Soshi (political activists) supporting government-affiliated candidates.
Japanese: 九鬼も警察官への命令を下しているが、政党系候補の支援をする壮士の取締りなど、相対的に消極的な方針を示している。
English: Instead, he focused his energy to unify the government-affiliated candidates; to ask for support from Zaibatsu (company syndicates) including the Mitsui family and the Sumitomo family as well as from Hongan-ji Temple which he had gotten to know during the art investigation; and to manage the budget effectively.
Japanese: むしろ政府系候補者の一本化や、三井家・住友家など財閥、美術調査で面識を得た本願寺への働きかけ、資金の効率的な運用などに力を注いだ。
English: Since Kuki took a business trip without a legal position, the governor of Kyoto Prefecture, Kunimichi KITAGAKI, went a different way from Kuki.
Japanese: 法的な根拠を持たない身分での出張だったため、京都府知事の北垣国道が独立に行動するなどした。
English: As a result, the number of seats of government-affiliated candidates increased by ten seats in the areas where Kuki conducted election campaigns, including four seats in Nara, and Kuki also succeeded in making a big-shot politician from the Liberal Party (Japan), Kentaro OI, lose the election.
Japanese: 結果として九鬼の活動した地方では奈良県の4増をはじめ政府系候補が10議席増加し、自由党(日本)の大物である大井憲太郎を落選に追い込むなどの成果を収めた。
English: However, after the election, he was not even selected as a candidate for a minister, and thus he left Matsukata and started befriending Hirobumi ITO.
Japanese: しかし選挙後は大臣候補にすら名前が上らなかったため松方と袂を分かち、伊藤博文に接近していく。
English: At the World's Columbian Exposition held in 1893, due to the wishes of Kuki and Tenshin, the exhibition of Japan was traditional and focused on Nihonga (Japanese-style Painting).
Japanese: 明治26年（1893年）のシカゴ万国博覧会では、九鬼や天心の意向から日本の展示は日本画を中心とした伝統的なものとなった。
English: It greatly differed from the previous one in that a Hoo Palace (Phoenix Palace) copy of Hoo-do Hall (Phoenix Hall) of Byodoin Temple was built as a Japanese pavilion, and the exportation of artifacts was promoted.
Japanese: 日本館として平等院鳳凰堂を模した鳳凰殿を建て、工芸品の輸出を積極的に促進したことが前回までとの大きな違いである。
English: At the fourth National Industrial Exhibition held in Kyoto in April 1895, he again became the chief of audition.
Japanese: 明治28年（1895年）4月に京都で開かれた第4回内国勧業博覧会では前回に続いて審査総長となった。
English: At that time, a nude portrait painted by Seiki KURODA, 'Chosho' (Le Lever) became a subject of discussion, but Kuki permitted the exhibition of the portrait.
Japanese: この際、黒田清輝が出品した裸体画・「朝妝」が問題視されたが、九鬼の判断で展示が許可されている。
English: In June of the same year, under the Second Ito Cabinet, he was appointed to Imperial Court Councilor of Sumitsu-in.
Japanese: 同年6月には第2次伊藤内閣の下で枢密院(日本)宮中顧問官に任命された。
English: The following year, he was involved with the establishment of the law for preserving old temples and shrines, which specified the first cultural property in Japan.
Japanese: 翌年には古社寺保存法の制定に加わり、同法により日本で初めて文化財が指定されている。
English: In 1898, so-called the Turmoil of the Art School occurred, which disclosed the affair between Tenshin OKAKURA and Hatsuko, Kuki's wife.
Japanese: 明治31年（1898年）にいわゆる美術学校騒動が起き、岡倉天心と九鬼の妻・初子の不倫が公になる。
English: In the same year, Tenshin resigned the principle of Tokyo School of Fine Arts as well as the directorship of the art department of the Imperial Museum.
Japanese: 同年、天心は東京美術学校の校長や帝国博物館美術部長を辞任することになった。
English: After that, he devoted himself into the art administration, and in 1914, he founded the Sanda Museum by using the administrative institution of the old Arima County to store his own collections.
Japanese: この後は主に美術行政に専念し、大正3年（1914年）に旧・有馬郡の役所を利用して自身の収蔵品を展示する三田博物館を設立している。
English: He died in Kamakura on August 18, 1931 while he was serving as Gijo-kan as well as the Imperial Court Councilor of Sumitsu-in.
Japanese: 枢密顧問官と議定官を務めたまま昭和6年（1931年）8月18日に鎌倉で亡くなった。
English: He also enjoyed sexual relations with many women, which is said to be one of the reasons why his wife had an affair with Tenshin OKAKURA.
Japanese: また女性との交遊も多く、これが夫人と岡倉天心の不倫の一因になったとされる。
English: His personality was considered not to be very good as he received harsh criticism from his master, Yukichi FUKUZAWA as mentioned above.
Japanese: 先述のように師である福澤諭吉からは酷評を受けるなど、人柄への評価はあまり芳しくない。
English: In his later life, he collected hundreds of paintings about Dharma, and he also favored to paint on them by himself, but he was too modest to give his paintings to anyone when he was asked.
Japanese: 晩年は達磨を題材にした絵画を数百点収集し、自らもこれを好んで描いたが、人に所望されても謙遜して承諾することは少なかった。
English: Tenshin's personality was also raffish, and it is thought that their personalities did not match.
Japanese: 天心も奔放な性格で知られ、人格面での相性は必ずしも良好でなかったと考えられている。
English: However, their interests coincided: Kuki, who could not belong to any domain clique, wanted to establish his area of specialty and Tenshin needed someone with authority to conduct his research with temples.
Japanese: しかし、藩閥に属せないため得意分野を確立したい九鬼と、寺社などを相手に研究を進めるため権力の支援を必要とする天心の間では利害関係が完全に一致していた。
English: Moreover, they had extraordinary prowess, which maintained their relationship for more than twenty years.
Japanese: さらに両者は共に人並み外れた能力を有しており、これが20年以上に渡る両者の関係を支えた。
English: Jusuke HANAYAGI, the first (March 22, 1821 - January 28, 1903) was a classical Japanese dancer and a choreographer.
Japanese: 初世花柳壽輔（はなやぎじゅすけ、1821年3月22日（文政4年2月19日(旧暦)）-1903年（明治36年）1月28日）は、日本舞踊家、振付師。
English: He was the founder of the Hanayagi school, the biggest in the classical Japanese dance world, and he played a starring role in Buyo dance (classical Japanese dance) world and Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) world by choreographing for a lot of states such as "Kanjincho" (a statement to explain reasons for gathering donations for Buddhist activities) and "Funa Benkei" (Benkei Aboard Ship) from the Edo period to the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 日本舞踊界において最大の流派である花柳流の創始者であり、江戸期から明治初期にかけて『勧進帳』『船弁慶』など多くの舞台において振付を行い、舞踊界、歌舞伎界の中心的な役割を果たした。
English: In 1821, he was born as the first son of Seibei MIKUNIYA, a toy dealer in Edo.
Japanese: 1821年（文政4年）、江戸の玩具商・三国屋清兵衛の長男として生まれる。
English: At the age of four, he was adopted by Yoshigoro (吉五郎) TSURUMA who ran the catering business 'Uoyoshi' (魚吉) in Shinyoshiwara, Asakusa.
Japanese: 4歳の頃に浅草・新吉原の台屋（仕出し屋）「魚吉」を営む鶴間吉五郎の養子に出される。
English: Being encouraged by Yoshigoro, who loved achieving accomplishments because of the features of their living environment, Yoshiwara, Jusuke studied with Senzo NISHIKAWA the fourth from the age of six.
Japanese: 吉原という場所柄、芸事を好んだ吉五郎の勧めにより、6歳から4代目西川扇蔵に師事。
English: In 1828, he became an actor as expected by Danjuro ICHIKAWA the seventh, and he was named Koikichi ICHIKAWA (市川鯉吉) after his father's business 'Uoyoshi' (魚吉).
Japanese: 1828年、7代目市川團十郎(7代目)に見込まれて役者となり、実家の「魚吉」にちなみ市川鯉吉と名付けられる。
English: He had been training as an actor to appear on the big stage, but his foster father, Yoshigoro, suddenly died in 1839.
Japanese: 役者としての修行を積み大舞台への進出を狙っていたが、1839年に養父・吉五郎が急死。
English: At that time, actors generally went to Osaka to practice for great success, but he thought it was impossible to take along his adopted mother to train in Osaka, and gave up acting.
Japanese: 当時の役者は大成するために大阪へ行って修行することが通例となっていたが、養母を連れての大阪修行は無理と考え、役者を続けることを断念。
English: He returned to Senzo to establish a career as a Buyo dancer in Edo, calling himself Yoshijiro NISHIKAWA.
Japanese: 扇藏の元に戻って西川芳次郎を名乗り、江戸で舞踊家として身を立てることになった。
English: In 1840, the first production of "Kanjincho" was performed by Danjuro the seventh who had succeeded to the name of Ebizo, and Yoshijiro was engaged in the performance as an assistant choreographer of Senzo.
Japanese: 翌1840年、海老蔵を襲名した7代目團十郎による『勧進帳』の初演が行われ、芳次郎は扇藏の助手として振り付けに関わる。
English: The part of Kanjincho, 'Ennen no mai' (Ennen dance), is said to have been performed with Yoshijiro's choreography, so that was an exceptional promotion for a newcomer of twenty years old (however, later Jusuke's disciple, Yoshizo HANAZAWA, thought it was impossible for Yoshijiro, who was an assistant).
Japanese: 勧進帳の一節「延年の舞」は芳次郎の振り付けといわれており、わずか20歳の新人としては異例の抜擢であった（ただし後の壽輔の直弟子・花柳芳三は、助手の身であった芳次郎に振り付けは無理ではないかと見ている）。
English: Participation in this "Kanjincho" became a great experience for his later choreography, and also the foundation for a great success as a choreographer was laid down by winning the favor of top grade actors of the times including Ebizo.
Japanese: この『勧進帳』への参加が後の振付において大きな経験となり、また海老蔵ら当時一流の役者達に見込まれたことによって、振付師としての大成に向けた下地が作られた。
English: After that, Yoshijiro continued to make efforts as a choreographer with Senzo, and he was expected to become the heir of the Nishikawa school.
Japanese: その後も扇藏の元で振付師として研鑽を続け、いつしか芳次郎は西川流の跡継ぎと見込まるようになった。
English: However, in 1845, when Senzo suddenly died at the age of fourty-nine, Yoshijiro entered into conflict with senior apprentices including Minosuke NISHIKAWA (later Senzo NISHIKAWA the fifth), and he was slandered and kicked out from the Nishikawa school.
Japanese: しかし1845年に扇藏が49歳で急死すると、西川巳之助（後の5代目西川扇蔵）ら兄弟子らとの間で争いとなり、讒言をされた芳次郎は西川流を破門されてしまう。
English: The exact time of excommunication is unclear; it is said to be just after the death of Senzo in 1845 or around October 1847 because it is recorded that he choreographed under the name of Yoshijiro NISHIKAWA until October 1847.
Japanese: 破門の正確な時期は明らかになっておらず、1845年の扇藏が没した直後ともされるが、1847年8月まで歌舞伎の振付を西川芳次郎の名で行っていた記録もあり、破門はこの頃ともされる。
English: However, he couldn't have been involved in choreography just after being excommunicated, so he returned to Yoshiwara where he was raised, and taught Buyo dance to geisha girls.
Japanese: いずれにせよ破門された直後は振付ができず、かつて育った吉原に戻り、芸妓に舞踊を教えていたとされる。
English: In April 1848, for the first time, the name Yoshijiro HANAYAGI appeared on the banzuke (literally, ranking lists, referring to kabuki playbills) at the performance in Nakamura-za Theater, said to be the beginning of the Hanayagi school.
Japanese: 1848年4月、中村座の公演にて、初めて花柳芳次郎の名が番付に載り、これが花柳流の始まりとされる。
English: His last name, 'Hanayagi,' was derived from the Gago (pseudonym), '園清喜 HANAYAGI,' of Sansaburo TAMAYA, the owner of the house of prostitution which was famous in Yoshiwara, and it was Tamaya who recommended Yoshijiro, who returned to Yoshiwara, using his own Gago.
Japanese: 「花柳」という姓は、吉原きっての遊女屋の主人であった玉屋山三郎の雅号「花柳園清喜」が由来であり、吉原に戻った芳次郎を贔屓にしていた玉屋が、自らの雅号を名乗るよう勧めたとされる。
English: Yoshijiro, who returned to a choreography, gradually widened his appeal with the backing of Tamaya and actors he associated with in previous times.
Japanese: 振付師に戻った芳次郎は、玉屋やかつて縁のあった役者たちの後ろ盾を得て、次第に活躍の場を広げる。
English: Especially Uzaemon ICHIMURA the twelfth and Utaemon NAKAMURA the fourth appreciated the competence of Yoshijiro, and Uzaemon recruited Yoshijiro as a choreographer for the Ichimura-za Theater in which Uzaemon himself took the role of Zamoto (leader of a theatrical company).
Japanese: 特に12代目市村羽左衛門、4代目中村歌右衛門は芳次郎の力量を買い、羽座衛門は自らが座元を務める市村座の立振付師に芳次郎を採用した。