nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In modern times, the term is occasionally used to describe clash for power within an organization, such as a business corporation or a family.
Japanese: 現代では企業や家といった組織における抗争をそうしたお家騒動になぞらえることもある。
English: Many of the households of powerful feudal lords of the Edo Period had instances of internal conflicts among factions formed by the lord, his family members, senior household advisors and others who likely to become a group head.
Japanese: 江戸時代の大名家では、藩主やその一族、家老などの一団の領袖となりうる立場の人間が派閥を作りあげて内紛を繰り広げた例が数多くあった。
English: Such cases were dramatized in Kyogen play formats know as "oie-mono (family feud tales)" and spread to the public also through "kodan" storytelling, coming well known among the people of Edo.
Japanese: そのような事象が脚色されて、狂言の御家物と呼ばれる様式の題材となって伝わったり、講談を通じて広まったことにより、お家騒動として江戸の庶民に知られるようになる。
English: For this reason, feuds involving the Tokugawa shogun household which had been regarded taboo to be performed as plays and households of smaller scale such as those of hatamoto retainers, merchants and farming households were not recognized as "oie-sodo."
Japanese: そのために演目とすることがはばかられた徳川将軍家や、内訌の規模が小さい江戸幕府の旗本や商家、農家におけるもめごとはお家騒動とは認知されていなかった。
English: There were all conceivable motives for factional strife, such as rivalry between a veteran elder of established lineage and a newcomer retainer or group leader, clash between conservative and progressive groups over domain government reform, conflict over credo in the last years of the Edo Period, and disagreements over domain policy and race for power between vassals.
Japanese: 古参ともいうべき譜代の家臣と新参の家臣や出頭人との対立、藩政改革にともなう守旧派と改革派の対立、幕末期における信条の対立など、家臣間には主導権や藩政の方向性をめぐってあらゆる派閥抗争の動機があった。
English: There were lords who aimed to strengthen power by eliminating top retainers, as well as retainers who sought to do away with lords who behaved against their interests or who were incompetent by means of coercive retirement, house arrest, etc.
Japanese: 有力な家臣を排除することで自身の権力を強化しようする藩主がいる一方で、家臣にとって不利益だったり、無能な主君を隠居や押込などの手段で廃立しようとする家臣も存在した。
English: There were also cases of family feud triggered by a retainer who left the household of his lord after a conflict.
Japanese: また、諍いが原因で大名家を出奔した家臣がお家騒動の発端をつくった例もある。
English: The feuds that broke out in the Kaga, Fukuoka and Date domains had the combination of a number of such causes.
Japanese: 加賀騒動、福岡藩黒田騒動、伊達騒動の三大お家騒動などではこれらの原因がいくつも複合していた。
English: It was usual that such feuds were resolved within the lord's household, but there were feuding parties who sought mediation or arbitration by appealing to the shogunate or other feudal lords of the same family system or of relatives.
Japanese: こうした内紛は大名家のなかで解決するのがならわしだが、問題を幕府や家制度、親族の大名に訴え出ることで仲介や裁定をたのんだ当事者もいた。
English: Especially during the early Edo Period, the shogunate accepted such appeals and intervened in such households, implementing measures such as seizure of property, domain and rank, reduction of domain and revenue, transfer of domain, and so on.
Japanese: 特に江戸時代江戸時代初期の騒動では、求めに応じた幕府が審理にもとづいて大名家に介入し、改易や減封、転封などの処置を下している。
English: By the reign of Ienobu TOKUGAWA in the mid-Edo Period, however, the shogunate amended its policy and gradually reduced such interventions and did not intervene in family feuds since the Sengoku family feud in the early 19th century.
Japanese: しかし、江戸時代江戸時代中期の徳川家宣の治世を経て、幕府は政策を改めて関与を徐々に減らし、19世紀はじめの仙石騒動を最後に、お家騒動への介入は行っていない。
English: 1808: Kinshiroku-kuzure (Bunka group incident/Chichibu-kuzure; Shimazu clan; Satsuma Domain)
Japanese: 1808年（文化(元号)5年）：近思録崩れ（文化朋党事件/秩父崩れ、島津氏-薩摩藩）
English: 1849: Oyura feud (Kaei-hoto kuzure/Takasaki kuzure; Shimazu clan; Satsuma Domain)
Japanese: 1849年（嘉永2年）：お由羅騒動（嘉永朋党崩れ/高崎崩れ、島津氏-薩摩藩）
English: Kakitsu War is referred to as a series of disturbances occurred in 1441, from when Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, a shugo (provincial constable) of the Harima Province, the Bizen Province, and the Mimasaka Province, assassinated Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the 6th seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") to when he was defeated and killed by the punitive force of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in his own territory, Harima.
Japanese: 嘉吉の乱（かきつのらん）は、室町時代の嘉吉元年（1441年）に播磨国、備前国、美作国守護の赤松満祐が、六代征夷大将軍足利義教を暗殺し、領国播磨で幕府方討伐軍に敗れて討たれるまでの一連の騒乱である。
English: In "Kanmon Nikki" (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushimi no miya Sadafusa), the incident and situation on the day of assasination of Yoshinori was recorded.
Japanese: この事件については伏見宮貞成親王の日記『看聞日記』に義教暗殺当日の事情が記されている。
English: The Akamatsu's circumstances from the Kakitsu War to the recapture of jingi (the sacred treasures) were recorded in "Kakitsuki" that consists of only one volume.
Japanese: 全一巻の『嘉吉記』には、嘉吉の乱から後の神器奪還までの赤松氏の事情が記されている。
English: The Akamatsu clan was a jito (manager and lord of manor) in the Harima Province, but Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU raised his army to respond Emperor Godaigo's exhortation and contributed greatly to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 赤松氏は播磨国の地頭であったが、鎌倉時代末の赤松則村（円心）は後醍醐天皇の檄に応じて挙兵し、鎌倉幕府打倒に大きく尽力した。
English: His family boasted a pedigree that taking sides with Takauji ASHIKAGA in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the clan became a meritorious retainer for foundation of the Muromachi bakufu, then was given the Bizen Province and the Mimasaka Province in addition to the Harima Province, and they became one of Shishiki (Four major feudal lords who worked for Muromachi bakufu).
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)では足利尊氏に与して室町幕府創業の功臣となり、播磨国の他に備前国、美作国を領し、幕府の四職のひとつとなっていた家柄である。
English: In 1427, an incident occurred, in which Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA attempted to confiscate the Harima Province which Mitsusuke took over as head of the family, and to give it to his favorite retainer, Mochisada Akamatsu, then Mitsusuke burned his residense in Kyoto and went back to his own territory.
Japanese: 応永34年（1427年）に満祐が家督を相続した時、将軍足利義持は播磨国を取り上げて寵臣である赤松持貞に与えようとし、満祐が京の屋敷を焼いて領国に引き上げる事件が起こった。
English: Yoshimochi got angry at Mitsusuke's behavior and tried to conqure him but senior vassals of bakufu went against his idea.
Japanese: 義持は激怒して満祐を討とうとするが、幕府の重臣たちはこれに反対した。
English: Before very long, Mochisada was executed for commiting adultery with a concubine of Shogun and Mitsusuke was pardoned and inherited the position of shugo of three provinces.
Japanese: そのうち持貞と将軍側室との密通が露見したとして処刑されてしまい、満祐は赦免され三国の守護職を相続している。
English: When Yoshinori became Shogun after Yoshimochi died, Mitsusuke assumed to the Samurai-dokoro tonin (Governor of the Board of Retainers) and Yoshinori and Mitsusuke preserved relatively good relationship.
Japanese: 義持の死後に義教が将軍となると、満祐は侍所頭人に就任し、義教と満祐の関係は比較的良好であった。
English: Yoshimochi died in 1428 without deciding his successor (his legitimate son, Yoshikazu ASHIKAGA, the fifth shogun, died early).
Japanese: 義持は応永35年（1428年）に後継者を定めないまま死去した（嫡男の五代将軍足利義量は早世していた）。
English: As the result of conference of syukuro (a chief vassal of a samurai family), his successor was to be choosen by lot among Yoshimochi's four younger brothers who had entered into priesthood.
Japanese: 宿老による合議の結果、出家していた義持の4人の弟たちの中から「籤引き」で後継者が選ばれることになった。
English: As the result of drawing lots, Gien, Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), returned to secular life and changed his name to Yoshinobu (changed to Yoshinori later) and assumed the post of the 6th shogun.
Japanese: 籤引きの結果、天台座主の義円が還俗して義宣と称し（後に義教と改名）、6代将軍に就任した。
English: Yoshinori, at first, handled the affairs of state by public discussion of dominant shugo guardian feudal lords but he gradually started to show leadership after the death of Mansai SAMPOIN and Tokihiro YAMANA who were regarded as patriarchs.
Japanese: 当初は有力守護大名による衆議によって政治を行っていた義教だが、長老格の三宝院満済、山名時煕の死後から次第に指導力を発揮するようになった。
English: Yoshinori planed to consolidate the power of shogun and intervened in the succession to family headship of the Shiba, Hatakeyama, Yamana, Kyogoku, and Togashi clans in a high-handed manner and made those in his mind take over the clan.
Japanese: 義教は、将軍の権力強化をねらって、斯波氏、畠山氏、山名氏、京極氏、富樫氏の家督相続に強引に介入し、意中の者を家督に据えさせた。
English: In the Eikyo War in 1439, he destroyed Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kanto-kubo, against whom he had conflicts for a long time.
Japanese: 永享11年（1439年）の永享の乱では、長年対立していた関東公方足利持氏を滅ぼした。
English: He had also conflicted against Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, and finally he brought them to his knees, but caused a huge fuss that priests burned the Konpon-chudo Hall and killed themselves.
Japanese: 比叡山延暦寺とも対立し、最終的にこれを屈服させたものの、僧侶たちが根本中堂を焼き払って自殺する騒ぎとなった。
English: Among Ashikaga shuguns, Yoshinori had exercised his power on par with the one of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, but he was very suspicious, which excessively led authoritarian behaviors, and his purge directed unrelentingly at not only samurai families but also court nobles.
Japanese: 足利将軍の中では三代足利義満に比肩しうる権力を振るった義教だが、猜疑心にかられて過度に独裁的になり、粛清の刃は武家だけでなく公家にも容赦なく向けられた。
English: Court nobles' diary in those days, recorded lots of names of people who were punished and confiscated their territories for trivial reasons.
Japanese: 当時の公家の日記には、些細なことで罰せられ所領を没収された多くの者たちの名が書き連ねられている。
English: The "Kanmon Nikki" (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushimi no miya Sadafusa)" contains the record that the government by Yoshinori was the "government everyone fears".
Japanese: 伏見宮貞成親王の日記『看聞日記』は義教の政治を「万人恐怖」と書き記している。
English: Mitsusuke AKAMATSU who was treated as the greatest patriarch of bakufu at that time had gotten on the wrong side of Yoshinori, and in 1437, there was a rumor circulating that his territoies in the provinces of Harima and Mimasaka were going to be confiscated.
Japanese: このころ幕府の最長老格となっていた赤松満祐は、義教に疎まれる様になっており、永享9年（1437年）には播磨国、美作国の所領を没収されるとの噂が流れている。
English: Yoshinori favored Sadamura AKAMATSU, a branch family of the Akamatsu clan, and confiscated the territory of Yoshimasa AKAMATSU (younger brother of Mitsusuke) in the Settsu Province and gave it to Sadamura in April, 1440.
Japanese: 義教は赤松氏の庶流の赤松貞村を寵愛し、永享12年（1440年）3月に摂津国の赤松義雅（満祐の弟）の所領を没収して貞村に与えてしまった。
English: In June of the same year, Yoshitsura ISSHIKI and Mochiyori TOKI who had gone into battle to the Yamato Province were killed as criminals by Yoshinori' order.
Japanese: 同年5月、大和国出陣中の一色義貫と土岐持頼が義教の命により誅殺された。
English: People started to gossip that next purge target was Mitsusuke who was on bad terms with Yoshinori, so Mitsusuke retired.
Japanese: 「次は義教と不仲の満祐が粛清される」との風説が流れはじめ、満祐は隠居した。
English: In April, 1441, Yuki-jo Castle fell (Yuki War), where Ujitomo YUKI who helped An'omaru and Shun'omaru brothers, the bereaved children of Mochiuji, and raised the army in Kanto and held up in the castle more than a year.
Japanese: 嘉吉元年（1441年）4月、持氏の遺児の春王と安王を擁して関東で挙兵し、1年以上にわたって籠城していた結城氏朝の結城城が陥落（結城合戦）した。
English: Earlier in April, Gisho DAIKAKUJI, younger brother of Yoshinori, who ran away and raised his army in the Yamato Province and was defeated and run away to the Hyuga Provinc, was also killed by the Shimazu clan and, as a result, immediate enemies of Yoshinori were all gone.
Japanese: これより先の3月、出奔して大和国で挙兵し、敗れて遠く日向国へ逃れていた弟の大覚寺義昭も島津氏に殺害されており、義教の当面の敵はみな消えたことになった。
English: On July 21st, Mitsusuke invited Yoshinori to his residence in Nishinotoin to show wild ducks in his residence' pond and Matsuhayashi (Akamatsu-hayashi: traditional Akamatsu clan's Noh performance) as a celebration of the triumph of the Yuki War.
Japanese: 6月24日、満祐は、結城合戦の祝勝の宴として邸の池にいる鴨の親子と松囃子（赤松囃子・赤松氏伝統の演能）を見てもらいたいと称して西洞院二条にある邸へ義教を招いた。
English: According to "Kakitsuki," it is said that he invited him saying "Many wild ducks hatched so please come and look at them swimming in our pond."
Japanese: 『嘉吉記』などによると、「鴨の子が沢山できたので、泳ぐさまを御覧下さい」と招いたという。
English: Daimyos (Japanese feudal lord) who accompanied Yoshinori to this feast (a drinking party) were Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, Mochinaga HATAKEYAMA, Mochitoyo YAMANA, Norichika ISSHIKI, Mochitsune HOSOKAWA, Mochiyo OUCHI, Takakazu KYOGOKU, Hirotaka YAMANA, Mochiharu HOSOKAWA, and Sadamura AKAMATSU, all those who took over as head of the family through intervention by Yoshinori.
Japanese: この宴に相伴した大名は細川持之、畠山持永、山名持豊、一色教親、細川持常、大内持世、京極高数、山名熈貴、細川持春、赤松貞村で、義教の介入によって家督を相続した者たちであった。
English: In addition to them, a court noble, Sanemasa OGIMACHISANJO (elder brother of Inshi SANJO, Yoshinori's lawful wife) also accompanied him.
Japanese: 他に公家の正親町三条実雅（義教の正室三条尹子の兄）らも随行している。
English: When they were enjoying sarugaku (form of theatre popular), suddenly horses were let loose and big noises were heard just like all the gates of the residence were closed.
Japanese: 一同が猿楽を観賞していた時、にわかにウマが放たれ、屋敷の門がいっせいに閉じられる大きな物音がたった。
English: Yoshinori, a hot-tempered person, asked in a loud voice "What the matter?" but Sanemasa SANJO who had a seat next to him answered lightheartedly, "It must be a peal of thunder."
Japanese: 癇性な義教は「何事であるか」と叫ぶが、傍らに座していた三条実雅は「雷鳴でありましょう」と呑気に答えた。
English: Just after that, shoji (a paper sliding door) were opened and armored warriors burst into the place for feast and Yukihide AZUMI, the bravest and strongest man in the Akamatsu clan, drew a sword hardened Chigusa-tetsu (special iron for sword) in the Harima Province and cut Yoshinori's head off.
Japanese: その直後、障子が開け放たれるや甲冑を着た武者たちが宴の座敷に乱入、赤松氏随一の剛の者安積行秀が播磨国の千種鉄で鍛えた業物を抜くや義教の首をはねてしまった。
English: The place for feast turned a pool of blood and many of whole shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) ran about trying to escape in confusion rather than avenging shogun's death.
Japanese: 酒宴の席は血の海となり、居並ぶ守護大名たちの多くは将軍の仇を討とうとするどころか、狼狽して逃げ惑う。
English: Mochiharu HOSOKAWA was chopped off his arm and Takakazu KYOGOKU and Mochiyo OUCHI were also mortally injured.
Japanese: 細川持春は片腕を斬り落とされ、京極高数と大内持世も瀕死の重傷を負った。
English: Sanemasa SANJO, a court noble, boldly hold the sword that was presented to the shogun from the Akamatsu clan and fought back, but was slashed and fell down.
Japanese: 公家の三条実雅は、果敢にも赤松氏から将軍に献上された金覆輪の太刀をつかみ刃向うが、切られて卒倒。
English: Foot soldiers who were guarding the shogun in the garden and warriors of the Akamatus clan started fighting with swords and the residence transformed into a battlefield with territorial lords who climbed a wall trying to escape.
Japanese: 庭先に控えていた将軍警護の走衆と赤松氏の武者とが斬り合いになり、塀によじ登って逃げようとする諸大名たちで屋敷は修羅場と化した。
English: The dust settled only after a vassal of the Akamatsu clan announced that their ture purpose was to attack the shogun and had no intention to harm others, so territorial lords carried injured people out and made their exit.
Japanese: 赤松氏の家臣が、将軍を討つことが本願であり、他の者に危害を加える意思はない旨を告げる事で騒ぎは収まり、負傷者を運び出し諸大名たちは退出した。
English: "Kanmon Nikki" (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushimi no miya Sadafusa) recorded that the shogun had tried to destroy the Akamatus clan but was exposed about the conspiracy and was killed the wrong way around.
Japanese: 貞成親王の『看聞日記』は「赤松を討とうとして、露見して逆に討たれてしまったそうだ。
English: There were no precedent for such lost of shogun's life for nothing since ancient times.
Japanese: このような将軍の犬死は、古来例を聞いたことがない」と書き残している。
English: Territorial lords including Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, kanrei (shogunal deputy), got away and back to their residences and closed its gate and shut themselves away.
Japanese: 管領細川持之を始め諸大名たちは、邸へ逃げ帰ると門を閉じて引きこもってしまった。
English: They thought that the Akamatsu clan set off such a big thing because some daimyos must had helped them and carefully observed subsequent developments.
Japanese: 彼らは赤松氏がこれほどの一大事を引き起こした以上は必ず同心する大名がいるに違いないと考え、形勢を見極めていた。
English: Mitsusuke and people in the Akamatsu clan expected that pursuers of the shogun would come to attack them immediately and they were determined to commit suicide in the residence.
Japanese: 満祐ら赤松一族はすぐに幕府軍の追手が来ると予想して屋敷で潔く自害するつもりでいた。
English: However, there were no sign of the army of bakufu even in the evening, so they deciced to go back to their territory and wait to fight, so they hold up shogun's head on a spear point and left Kyoto proudly, drawing up in line after setting fire to the residence.
Japanese: ところが、夜になっても幕府軍が押し寄せる様子はなかったため、領国に帰って抵抗することに決め、邸に火を放つと、将軍の首を槍先に掲げ、隊列を組んで堂々と京を退去した。
English: The bakufu that lost Yoshinori, an absolute ruler, came to a standstill as the kanrei, Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, lacked leadership.
Japanese: 突然独裁者である義教を失った幕府は、管領の細川持之の指導力が欠如していたことから機能停止に陥ってしまった。
English: People made a mock of Mochiyuki's cowardliness because he tried to run away first without fighting back when the shogun was killed even though he was in the position of kanrei, and it was rumored that Mochiyuki was in conspiracy with Mitsusuke.
Japanese: 将軍が殺された時に、管領でありながら戦いもせず、真っ先に逃げ出そうとした持之の臆病ぶりは嘲笑され、持之が満祐と結託しているという噂まで流れた。
English: Next day, on 22nd, Mochiyuki finally held a consultation meeting and decided to make Senyachamaru (Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA), Yoshinori's legitimate child, next shogun.
Japanese: 翌る25日、ようやく持之は評定を開き、義教の嫡子千也茶丸（足利義勝）を次期将軍とすることを決定した。
English: It can also be viewed that these confusions of bakufu's response were the result of Yoshinori's policy of direct rule of shogun.
Japanese: これら幕府の対応の混乱は、義教の将軍親政策の結果という見方もできる。
English: That is, due to the existence of the shogun who had strong leadership, vassals of the shogun under kanrei had no opportunity to show their leadership in an emergency.
Japanese: 強力な指導力を持つ将軍がいたため、緊急時に管領以下の幕臣が指導力を発揮する機会が無かったということである。
English: In fact, if Mitsusuke AKAMATSU was made to stand down from the shogunate government, the direct rule of shogun could had almost been established.
Japanese: 実際、赤松満祐を幕政から退ければ、将軍親政はほぼ確立したはずであった。
English: Mitsusuke who went back to his home base of Sakamoto-jo Castle in Harima Province found out Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA, a grandchild of Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA (illegitimate child of Takauji ASHIKAGA, adopted child of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA) and backed him up, and strengthened his own territory's defense under the legitimate reason and tried to fight back to bakufu.
Japanese: 本拠地の播磨国坂本城(播磨国)に帰った満祐は、足利直冬（足利尊氏の庶子、足利直義の養子）の孫の足利義尊を探し出して擁立し、大義名分を立てて領国の守りを固め、幕府に対抗しようとした。
English: After that, a punitive force to invade Harima, Bizen, and Mimasaka was decided, which consisted of a major army of Mochitsune HOSOKAWA, Sadamura AKAMATSU, and Mitsumasa AKAMATSU from Settsu Province and the Yanama family including Mochitoyo YAMANA from Tajima Province and Hoki Province.
Japanese: その後、細川持常、赤松貞村、赤松満政の大手軍が摂津国から、山名持豊ら山名一族が但馬国、伯耆国から播磨、備前、美作へ侵攻する討伐軍が決定した。
English: The major army set out on August 6th, but the practical supreme commander, Samurai-dokoro tonin, Mochitoyo YAMANA, was long start off Kyoto.
Japanese: 大手軍は7月11日に発向したが、事実上の総大将であった侍所頭人・山名持豊はなかなか京を動かなかった。
English: During that time, soldiers under Mochitoyo attacked doso (underground warehouse) and pawnshops in the capital and robbed properties calling it as a "battle array."
Japanese: その間に持豊配下の兵士が「陣立」と称して洛中の土倉・質屋を襲撃して財物を強奪した。
English: There was such an incident that Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, kanrei, got angry at these conducts and several days later, Mochitoyo finally expressed an apology.
Japanese: これには管領・細川持之も怒り、数日たってようやく持豊が陳謝するという事件がを起こっている。
English: On 20th, Noriyasu AKAMATSU started a night attack against the army of bakufu but a doshi-uchi (internecine strife) took place and retreated (Kuragosho war).
Japanese: 25日に赤松教康は幕府軍に夜襲をしかけるが、同士討ちが起きて退却している（庫御所合戦）。
English: The major army had little will to fight and stopped their military advance as Mochitoyo YAMANA at Tajimaguchi did not march.
Japanese: 大手軍は戦意が低く、但馬口の山名持豊が動かないため進軍を止めてしまった。
English: On August 26th, Mochiyuki petitioned the Emperor for Jibatsu Rinji (a written document for imperial edicts to hunt down and kill emperor's enemies) to suppress the Akamatsu clan and Emperor GoHanazono gave it to him.
Japanese: 8月1日、持之は赤松討伐のための治罰綸旨を奏請し、後花園天皇はこれを許した。
English: It is said that some court nobles sympathized with Mitsusuke or that there was a counterargument that the Akamatsu clan was not the Emperor's enemy but the incident was a private warfare between samurai families.
Japanese: 公家の中には満祐に同情する者や、赤松氏は朝敵ではなく武家の私戦であるとして反対する議論もあったとされる。
English: Kiyomichi KOGA of the Murakami-Genji (the Minamoto clan descended from Emperor Murakami) took advantage of the opportunity to get back the position of Genji no choja (chief of the Minamoto clan) that was superseded in the age of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA but bakufu could not come up with any policies (Kiyomichi was appointed Genji no choja on November 2nd (in the old lunar calendar) ("Kugyobunin" (directory of court nobles)).
Japanese: また、村上源氏の久我清通がこれを機に足利義満の時代に奪われた源氏長者の地位を取り戻すべく活動をしていたが、幕府は何の対策を打ち出せなかった（11月2日に清通は源氏長者に補任される（『公卿補任』）。
English: On September 13, the major army in the Settsu Province made an advance and Mochitsune HOSOKAWA and Sadamura AKAMATSU attacked from land route and Mochichika Hosokawa attacked the Noriyasu's camp at Shioya (present-day Kobe City) from sea route.
Japanese: 8月19日、摂津国の大手軍が動き、細川持常、赤松貞村は陸路から、細川持親は海路から塩屋（神戸市）の教康の陣を攻撃した。
English: Noriyasu fought up against the army of bakufu but received the message (it was a disinformation) that Tajimaguchi was burst through, and he lost his will to fight and retreated to Sakamoto-jo Castle.
Japanese: 教康は奮戦したが、但馬口が突破されたとの報（虚報であった）を受け、戦意を失って坂本城へ退却した。
English: Around the middle of September, Mochitoyo YAMANA pushed into Mayumi Pass, a border between Tajima and Harima Provinces, with his 4,500 horsemen and engaged in fierce battles for several days against Yoshimasa Akamatsu who was defending in those area.
Japanese: 8月中旬、山名持豊は4500騎をもって但馬・播磨国境の真弓峠に攻め込み、この方面を守る赤松義雅と数日にわたり攻防があった。
English: On 22nd, Mochitoyo burst through Mayumi Pass and advanced toward Sakamoto-jo Castle chasing Yoshimasa who was falling back.
Japanese: 28日、持豊は真弓峠を突破し、退却する義雅を追撃しつつ坂本城に向かって進軍した。
English: On September 25th, Mochitoyo's troops arrived at Sakamoto-jo Castle and joined the major army of Mochitsune and besieged the castle.
Japanese: 9月1日、持豊の軍勢は坂本城へ到り、持常の大手軍と合流して包囲した。
English: Sakamoto-jo Castle, being a shugosho (provincial administration), was not robust enough as a place of fort and on 27th, Mitsusuke abandoned the castle and moved to Shiroyama-jo Castle (present-day Tatsuno City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: 守護所の坂本城は要害の地とは言えず、3日になって満祐は城を棄てて城山城（兵庫県たつの市）へ移る。
English: On October 3rd, Yoshimasa ran away and surrendered to the army of bakufu and many of local lords in the Harima Province turned their back on the Akamatsu clan and ran way.
Japanese: 9日、義雅が逃亡して幕府軍に降服し、播磨国の国人の多くも赤松氏を見放して逃げてしまった。
English: On 4th, the army of bakufu started a full-scale attack and Mitsusuke who prepared to meet his fate got Noriyasu and Norishige Akamatsu, his younger brother, out and committed suicide by disembowelment.
Japanese: 10日、幕府軍が総攻撃を行い、覚悟を決めた満祐は教康や弟の赤松則繁を城から脱出させ、切腹した。
English: Mochitoyo YAMANA was appointed shugoshiki (military governor) of the Harima Province for his achievement of destroying Mitsusuke, and the Bizen Province was given to Noriyuki YAMANA, the Mimasaka Province to Norikiyo YAMANA.
Japanese: 山名持豊は満祐を討ち果たしたことによって播磨国の守護職を与えられ、備前国は山名教之、美作国は山名教清に与えられた。
English: The Yamana clan that had lost much of their power by being defeated in the Meitoku War in the age of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA recovered their position and competed their power with the kanrei, the Hosokawa clan.
Japanese: 足利義満時代の明徳の乱で敗れて勢力を低下させた山名氏は大きく回復し、管領細川氏と力を競うようになる。
English: Noriyasu who escaped from the castle asked Akimasa KITABATAKE, his father in law, for help but was rejected and committed suicide, and Yoshitaka who Mitsusuke backed up was also killed.
Japanese: 脱出した教康は義父の北畠顕雅を頼るが拒まれて自害し、満祐が擁立した義尊も討たれている。
English: In 1457, surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan regained the sacred jewel, one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, and thanks to this achievement, the clan could be restored in the generation of Masanori AKAMATSU (grandchild of Yoshimasa) in the age of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA (the Choroku Incident).
Japanese: 長禄元年（1457年）に赤松氏の遺臣が禁闕の変で後南朝に奪われた三種の神器のうちの神璽を奪還した事で足利義政時代の赤松政則（義雅の孫）のときに再興を果たしている（長禄の変）。
English: A moat settlement is a village surrounded by a moat.
Japanese: 環濠集落（かんごうしゅうらく）とは、周囲に堀をめぐらせた集落（ムラ）のこと。
English: The use of moat is thought to have been introduced to Japan from the Chinese continent along with wet-rice cultivation, forming a new style of village boundary.
Japanese: 水稲農耕とともに大陸からもたらされた新しい集落の境界施設と考えられている。
English: The word for moat settlement in Japanese may be written in different ways to indicate whether it is a moat filled with water (環濠) or it is a dry moat (環壕).
Japanese: 堀をめぐらせた場合に環濠と書き、堀をめぐらせた場合に環壕と書いて区別することがある。
English: Water moat and dry moat are respectively thought to have its origin in the midstream of the Yangtze River and in Inner Mongolia (where the Xinglongwa Culture flourished), and were built in various places on the Japanese archipelago since the Yayoi period until the medieval period.
Japanese: 「環濠」と「環壕」のルーツはそれぞれ、長江中流域と内蒙古（興隆窪文化）であると考えられており、日本列島では、弥生時代と中世にかけて各地で作られた。