nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Once the mountain path had come to be maintained well in accordance with civilization, religious women began to climb the mountains, relying on the mountaineering ascetic; this confounded the mountaineering ascetics, who then determined the borderlines of taboo by putting barrier stones and built women's halls for prayer and preaching.
Japanese: 文明が進んで、山道などが整備されると、信心深い女性が逆に修験者を頼って登山してくるようになり、困った修験者たちが結界石を置いてタブーの範囲を決め、その外側に女人堂を置いて祈祷や説法を行なったのだとする。
English: Kunio YANAGIDA, a scholar of folklore, paid attention to the barrier stone called Uba-ishi at the start of a trail up Mt. Iwaki-san (or Ubasute-yama), a mountain where old women would be abandoned, and in "Imo-no-chikara" and "Bikuni-ishi" introduced a legend that a woman who crossed over the barrier stone would change into a stone.
Japanese: 民俗学者の柳田国男は姥捨山・岩木山の登山口にも姥石という結界石があるのに着目し、結界を越えた女性が石に化したという伝説を『妹の力』『比丘尼石』のなかで紹介している。
English: It was thought that the area beyond the barrier stone or border stone was the other world (the other world over the mountain) and that a religious person could gain a superpower by doing unobstructed cultivation in a kind of other, cloistered world.
Japanese: 結界石・境界石の向こうは他界（他界山上他界）であり、宗教者は俗世から離れた一種の他界で修行を積むことによって、この世ならぬ力を獲得すると考えられた。
English: Moreover, there is a theory that it was caused by avoiding the jealousy of female gods because the mountain god Iwanaga-hime had, since ancient times, been considered to be a female.
Japanese: また、古来、山神、イワナガヒメが女神であることから、女神の嫉妬を避ける為との説もある。
English: For example, in the legend of Tono three mountains, which are seen in "Tono Monogatari (Tale of Tono)," each of three female gods lived in Mt. Hayachine-san and Mt. Rokkoshi-san, and they had kept nyonin kinsei for a long time.
Japanese: たとえば『遠野物語』に登場する遠野三山伝説では、早池峰山・六角牛山にそれぞれ3人の女神が住んだ山とされ、長らく女人禁制であった。
English: It could be thought that this was a taboo myth in order that women would not approach dangerous mountains.
Japanese: これは女性を危険な山に近づせないためのタブー神話であるとも考えられる。
English: However, Tagiri-bime, a god of Munakata-taisha Shrine Okitsunomiya on Oki-no-shima Island, which today keeps nyonin kinsei, is also a female god so that the myth that female gods were jealous and abhorred women might be established differently.
Japanese: しかし現在でも女人禁制である沖の島の宗像大社沖津宮の祭神、タギリビメも女神であることから、女神は嫉妬ぶかく、女性を忌むという神話も、別に成立していたのかもしれない。
English: According to the other theory, there is an explanation that women have difficulty practicing severe unobstructed cultivation because 'women tend to be psychic,' like priestesses and Itako (people who can communicate with the dead).
Japanese: また別の説では巫女やイタコといった「女性には霊がつきやすい」から荒修行が女性には困難であるという説明づけもされることがある。
English: As the reasons for Nyonin Kinsei, there exist various origins and theories as mentioned above.
Japanese: 女人禁制の理由については、上記のようなさまざまな由来や学説が唱えられている。
English: Additionally, there is a case that these were combined and changed over a period of history so that it is said to be difficult to reach general ideas from any one originating point.
Japanese: またそれらが歴史的な過程で絡み合い変容していく場合もあり、どれか一つをもって一般論を導き出すのは、困難といえる。
English: Additionally, it could be thought that the time when nyonin kinsei was adopted in festivals was the Edo period or after Meiji period when male chauvinism became widespread, and in "Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)" there is a description that women would join in festivals.
Japanese: なお、祭りに女人禁制が取り入れられたのは、男尊女卑が広く浸透したとされる江戸時代ないし明治時代以降のことと考えられ、『古事記』には祭りに女性が参加していた記述が見られる。
English: Moreover, in ancient Japan women were believed to be sacred persons who were generally haunted spirits, so that women were thought to have many qualifications for being enshrined as god, as represented by Himiko.
Japanese: また古代の日本では、女性は神聖な者で神霊が女性に憑依すると広く信じられており、卑弥呼に代表されるように神を祭る資格の多くは、女性にあると考えられていた。
English: For example, in Okinawa, where Shinto is said to remain in its original form, women were called 'kaminchu' (men were called uminchu) and no men were admitted in the place where Shinto priest (such as Noro) would perform religious services, as opposed to nyonin kinsei.
Japanese: 一例として神道の祖形を留めているといわれる沖縄では女性は「神人（かみんちゅ）」と呼ばれ（男性は「海人（うみんちゅ）」、ノロなどの神職が祭祀を行う場では女人禁制とは逆の男子禁制が敷かれていた。
English: On November 3, 2005, the members of 'a project to climb Mt. Omine-san,' which was set up by dissenters against the nyonin kinsei of Mt. Omine-san, visited the spot in order to climb Mt. Omine-san, and requested the release to the temple's side by submitting a questionnaire, but it ended in failure.
Japanese: 2005年11月3日、大峰山の女人禁制に反対する人々が結成した「大峰山に登ろうプロジェクト」（以下、プロジェクト）のメンバーが、大峯山登山のために現地を訪れ、寺院側に質問書を提出し、解禁を求めたが不調に終わった。
English: As a result, both sides agreed to have a chance to talk another day and broke up, but immediately after that the three women of the project stubbornly climbed the mountain in order to assert their view of the problem.
Japanese: その結果改めて話し合いの場を設けることで合意して両者解散したが、その直後に問題提起の為としてプロジェクトの女性メンバー3人が登山を強行した。
English: Against this action, criticism came from the temple's side, local people in opposition and portions of the mass media.
Japanese: この行為に対し寺院側、反対派地元住民、およびいくつかの報道機関が批判を行った。
English: While there is an opinion that "praises" the activity of the project side (it is a gesture of agreement with male chauvinism and an evil custom that is opposed to the principle of gender equality), there is another opinion that nyonin kinsei should be maintained firmly (it succeeds the religious and traditional culture that is rooted in Japan and does not promote discrimination such as male chauvinism so that the enforcement of mounting climbing is a hasty and foolish action that violates Japanese culture).
Japanese: プロジェクト側の行動を賞賛する意見（男尊女卑を肯定する象徴であり、男女共同参画理念に反する悪習である）もある一方、女人禁制は堅持すべきとする意見（日本に根付いた宗教・伝統文化を継承するものであり、男尊女卑などの差別を推進する意図のものではなく、強行登山は日本文化を冒涜する軽率な愚行である）もある。
English: Additionally, there is an opinion that criticizes the project side from the standpoint of the freedom of religion (even if a certain faith or custom seems to be superstitious in the context of modern values, it is not good to carelessly and forcibly abandon it so high-handedly, but instead one should wait for the believers to reform voluntarily).
Japanese: また信教の自由の立場からプロジェクト側を批判する意見（ある信仰や風習が近代的な価値観から見て迷信的に見えたとしても、高圧的かつ軽率にそれを捨てさせる態度はよくない。信仰している人たちの自発的な改革を待つべき）もある。
English: Moreover, some intellectuals criticize the project side because they do not act to require abolishment or amendment against the festivals and places in which traditionally no men are admitted, as a contrary practice in Japan (such as Utaki (Okinawa)).
Japanese: また日本には逆に男子禁制の風習がある祭礼や場所（御嶽(沖縄)など）があるが、それについて廃止・修正する行動がなされていない事に関して、プロジェクト側を批判する識者もある。
English: Tanabu Matsuri Festival (Mutsu City Aomori Prefecture): In recent years women have been permitted to pull floats, but basically it adopts nyonin kinsei so that women are not permitted to ride on floats.
Japanese: 田名部まつり（青森県むつ市）-近年、女性がヤマを曳くことは許されているが、基本的には女人禁制であり、ヤマに乗ることは許されていない。
English: Yamahoko floats in the Gion Matsuri Festival (Kyoto City): There are women's Hayashi-kata in some Yamahoko floats, but nyonin kinsei is adopted in regard to Naginata-boko, the first float of the parade.
Japanese: 祇園祭（京都市）の山鉾-一部の山鉾には女性の囃子方がいるが、巡行の先頭に立つ長刀鉾などは女人禁制である。
English: Hakata Gion Yamakasa (Fukuoka Prefecture): There are cases in which girls of elementary school age or younger can participate while wearing the same costume of Shimekomi as men.
Japanese: 博多祇園山笠（福岡県）-但し小学生以下の少女は男性同様の扮装（締め込み）で参加可能な場合有り。
English: Kishiwada Danjiri Matsuri Festival: Women are permitted to pull Danjiri floats but are not permitted to ride on them.
Japanese: 岸和田だんじり祭-女性がだんじりを曳くことは許されているが、だんじりに乗ることはできない。
English: Mine (Yamashi): In recent coal pit operations the custom has been abolished and women have come to work in the pits.
Japanese: 鉱山（山師）-近代の炭鉱では、慣習が途絶え、女性も坑内作業に従事するようになる。
English: In the tunnel under construction (Yamashi): Currently, female technicians are able to work without problems.
Japanese: 工事中のトンネル内（山師）-現在は女性技術者もおり、問題となることはない。
English: Kabuki: Although the founder of kabuki was regarded as a woman, nyonin kinsei has been implemented because of the problems of morality such as the appearance of groups which played kabuki and provided prostitution, giving rise to 'Yaro Kabuki,' which persists in the present day.
Japanese: 歌舞伎-歌舞伎の創始者とされているのは女性であるが、各地で歌舞伎劇と売春を兼ねる集団が出現するなど風紀上の問題から、女人禁制となり、現在に連なる男性のみの「野郎歌舞伎」となった。
English: Women's participation in the Association for Japanese Noh Plays (general accreditation of important intangible cultural heritage) was admitted in 2004.
Japanese: 日本能楽会（重要無形文化財総合認定）への加入は2004年に認められた。
English: Holy of holies of the Freemasons: The qualification for membership is limited to literate adult men who have no physical defects.
Japanese: フリーメイソンの至聖所-会員資格も五体満足で文盲でない成人男子に限定されている。
English: Membership golf clubs (which limit member qualification and facilities rights exclusively to men): Many golf clubs of long standing, such as St. Andrews, Augusta National Golf Club and Koganei Country Club, allow only men to participate.
Japanese: 会員制ゴルフ場（会員資格や施設使用権等を男性に限定しているゴルフクラブ）-セント・アンドリュース、オーガスタナショナルGC、小金井カントリー倶楽部などの歴史の古いゴルフ場が多い。
English: Juichimen Kannon (ekadaza mukha in Sanskrit) is one of the venerable entities of Bosatsu, which is worshipped in Buddhism.
Japanese: 十一面観音（じゅういちめんかんのん）、サンスクリットエーカダシャ・ムカ(ekadazamukha)は、仏教の信仰対象である菩薩の一尊。
English: As the features were explained in 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra' translated by Genjo, it is a Bosatsu having 11 faces on the head except for a face on the main body.
Japanese: 玄奘訳の「十一面神咒心経」にその像容が明らかにされているとおり、本体の顔以外に頭上に11の顔を持つ菩薩である。
English: It is also called Daikofusho Kannon, and it is said that the 10 faces on the front, back, left and right among the 11 faces on the head show Jicchi (ten stages) while the topmost Butsumen (the head of a Buddha) shows Buddhahood, or nirvana.
Japanese: 大光普照（だいこうふしょう）観音とも呼ばれ、頭上の11面のうち、前後左右の10面は菩薩修行の階位である十地を表し、最上部の仏面は仏果を表すとされる。
English: It is said that this shows the pious act of cutting away 11 kinds of ignorance and the earthly desires (無明煩悩) of living things, and to open Buddhahood.
Japanese: これは衆生の十一品類の無明煩悩を断ち、仏果を開かしめる功徳を表すとされる。
English: In Japanese it has various names such as 'Juichimen Kannon Bosatsu' and 'Juichimen Kanzeon Bosatsu,' but the name assigned as a national treasure or important cultural property is 'Juichimen Kannon.'
Japanese: 日本語では「十一面観音菩薩」、「十一面観世音菩薩」などさまざまな呼び方があるが、国宝、重要文化財等の指定名称は「十一面観音」となっている。
English: It seems to be a venerable status (尊格) that originated in India, but there is no distinguished work in India; however, its statues were produced eagerly in China and Japan through the dissemination of 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra' translated by Genjo in Tang.
Japanese: もともとはインド起源の尊格と思われるが、インドにおける作例は顕著なものがなく、唐の玄奘訳の「十一面神咒心経」が流布したことにより、中国および日本でさかんに造像された。
English: In Japan, the statues of Juichimen Kannon were produced and worshipped eagerly since the Nara period, and the statue of Juichimen Kannon in the wall paintingof Horyu-ji Temple Kondo (法隆寺金堂) (which was damaged by a fire in 1949) seems to be the oldest work.
Japanese: 日本では、奈良時代から十一面観音の造像・信仰はさかんに行われ、法隆寺金堂壁画（1949年の火災で焼損）中の十一面観音像が最古の作例と見なされる。
English: The other works from the Nara period are the statue of Shorin-ji Temple in Nara (a national treasure, coming from Daigorin-ji Temple (Omiwa-tera Temple), which is a jingu-ji temple (a temple associated with a shrine) in Omiwa-jinja Shrine) and the statue of Kannon-ji Temple in Kyoto (a national treasure), the statue of Yakushi-ji Temple in Nara (an important cultural property) and so on.
Japanese: 奈良時代の作例としては他に奈良・聖林寺像（国宝。大神神社の神宮寺の大御輪寺伝来）京都・観音寺像（国宝）、奈良・薬師寺像（重文）などがある。
English: The principal image of Buddha of Nigatsu-do in Todai-ji Temple is also Juichimen Kannon, but its feature is not clear because it is a Buddhist image that has infrequently been shown to the public since ancient times.
Japanese: 東大寺二月堂の本尊も十一面観音であるが、古来厳重な秘仏であるため、その像容は明らかでない。
English: Omizutori,' an annual event of that temple, is the event for the confession of sins to Juichimen Kannon (Juichimen Keka Hoyo).
Japanese: 同寺の年中行事である「お水取り」は、十一面観音に罪障の懺悔をする行事（十一面悔過法要）である。
English: Additionally, according to folklore, Taicho, a priest of Shugen-do (an ancient Japanese religion) in the Nara Period, had practiced asceticism while praying Juichimen Kannon since childhood, opened Hakusan, which is famous as Reijo (sacred ground) and succeeded in placing (感得) Myori Gongen, which had Juichimen Kannon as its honji (substance).
Japanese: また伝承では、奈良時代の修験道僧である泰澄は、幼少より十一面観音を念じて苦修練行に励み、霊場として名高い白山を開山、十一面観音を本地とする妙理権現を感得した。
English: After the Heian period, Shuei, who learned the ways of both the Shingon and Tendai sects, moved this Myori Gongen to Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple, which is one of the Sanno Shichisha (Seven Sanno Shrines) as Kyakujin Gongen (an enshrined diety to pray for the increase of customers in merchant families).
Japanese: 平安時代以降、真言宗・天台宗の両教を修めた宗叡は、この妙理権現を比叡山延暦寺に遷座し、客人権現として山王七社の一つに数えられている。
English: Juichimen Kannon is seen as a Bosatsu that performed the pious act of removing all hardships from living things due to its deep mercy, so that many statues had been produced in figures such as that of a goddess.
Japanese: 十一面観音はその深い慈悲により衆生から一切の苦しみを抜き去る功徳を施す菩薩であるとされ、女神のような容姿に造られたものが多い。
English: Many statues of Juichimen Kannon put Kebutsu (the artificial Buddha) on the front top of the head and put faces of emotions such as Butsumen, Bosatsumen (Bodhisattva heads), Shinnumen (three angry faces), Kugejoshutsumen (plain faces with fangs) and Daishomen (a laughing face) on the head while letting the right hand hang down, and having in the left hand a vase in which there is a lotus.
Japanese: 多くの十一面観音像は頭部正面に、阿弥陀如来の化仏（けぶつ）をいだき、頭上には仏面、菩薩面、瞋怒面（しんぬめん）、狗牙上出面（くげじょうしゅつめん）、大笑面など、人間の喜怒哀楽を表現した面を乗せ、右手を垂下し、左手には蓮華を生けた花瓶を持っている姿であることが多い。
English: Shinnumen is an expression of anger with the arching of the eyebrows and a downturned mouth; Kugejoshutsumen is an expression in which a canine tooth is bared between pressed lips, and Daishomen is an expression of a smile, more specifically a big grin.
Japanese: 瞋怒面は眉を吊り上げ、口を「へ」の字に結んで怒りの表情を表したもの、狗牙上出面は結んだ唇の間から牙を現わすもの、大笑面は大口を開けて笑う表情を表したものである。
English: Usually, Butsumen is put atop the head, Bosatsumen (three faces) at the front side on the head, Shinnumen (three faces) on the left side (on the observers' right), Kugejoshutsumen (three faces) on the right side (on the observers' left) and Daishomen (one face) on the back which can not be seen from observers.
Japanese: 通例、頭頂に仏面、頭上の正面側に菩薩面（3面）、左側（向かって右）に瞋怒面（3面）、右側（向かって左）に狗牙上出面（3面）、拝観者からは見えない背面に大笑面（1面）を表わす。
English: According to 'Juichimen Shinjushin-kyo Sutra,' the right hand which is hanging down has a beadroll and the left hand holds a vase with a red lotus in it.
Japanese: 「十一面神咒心経」によれば、右手は垂下して数珠を持ち、左手には紅蓮を挿した花瓶を持つこととされている。
English: On the other hand, the statue of Juichimen Kannon as a principle image of Buddha in Hase-dera Temple (真言宗豊山派総本山長谷寺), the grand head temple of the Shingon sect Buzan-ha, has as is customary a lotus in a vase in the left hand, but it is the greatest characteristic that it has a big shakujo (pewter staff) and stands upon a rock.
Japanese: 一方、真言宗豊山派総本山長谷寺本尊の十一面観音像は、左手には通常通り蓮華を生けた花瓶を持っているが、右手には大錫杖を持ち、岩の上に立っているのが最大の特徴である。
English: The statues of Juichimen Kannon that are placed in many Buzan-ha temples show these features, and consequently they are called 'Juichimen Kannon of the Hase-dera style.'
Japanese: 豊山派の多くの寺院に安置された十一面観音像はこの像容となっているため、通常の十一面観音像と区別して「長谷寺式十一面観音」と呼ばれる。
English: In the pure esoterica that was transmitted by Kukai, the statues with four arms were produced based on the sutra translated by Fuku, but the statues with two arms were predominant in Japan.
Japanese: 空海によって伝えられた正純密教では、不空の訳経に基づく四臂像も造像されたが、日本における作例は二臂像が圧倒的に多い。
English: On Daradara Jirijiri Dorodoro Ichibachi Sharei Shareiharasharei Harasharei Kusomei Kusomabarei Irimiri Shirishichi Jaramahanaya Haramashuda Sataba Makakyaronika Sowaka
Japanese: オン・ダラダラ・ジリジリ・ドロドロ・イチバチ・シャレイ・シャレイハラシャレイ・ハラシャレイ・クソメイ・クソマバレイ・イリミリ・シリシチ・ジャラマハナヤ・ハラマシュダ・サタバ・マカキャロニキャ・ソワカ
English: Jizo Bosatsu (d kSiti gharbha in Sanskrit) is one of the venerable entities of Bosatsu, which is worshipped in Buddhism.
Japanese: 地蔵菩薩（じぞうぼさつ）、サンスクリットクシティ・ガルバ(dkSitigharbha)は、仏教の信仰対象である菩薩の一尊。
English: d kSiti' means 'the earth' and 'gharbha' means 'in the womb' or 'womb,' but it is freely translated into 'Jizo.'
Japanese: クシティは「大地」、ガルバは「胎内」「子宮」の意味で、意訳して「地蔵」と言う。
English: It is named after the belief that it enwraps troubled people with its immeasurably great mercy and saves them, such that the earth has the power to cultivate all lives.
Japanese: 大地が全ての命を育む力を蔵するように、苦悩の人々をその無限の大慈悲の心で包みこみ、救う所から名付けられたとされる。
English: It is generally believed to be 'a protective deity of children' so that the sweets that children love are often offered on the altar.
Japanese: 一般的には「子供の守り神」として信じられており、よく子供がよろこぶお菓子が供えられている。
English: It is considered that it follows Shaka-muni Buddha in the Touriten (Trayastrimsa heaven) and senses the capability of living things each morning in Dhyana (meditation), and that it is a Bosatsu that relieves living things who live in the wheel of life of Rikudo (the six realms of Jigoku-do (Naraka realm, or hell realm) (地獄道), Gaki-do (Preta realm, or hungry ghost realm), (餓鬼道), Chikusho-do (Animal realm) (畜生道), Shura-do (Ashura realm, or realm of demigods) (修羅道), Jin-do (Human realm) (人道) and Ten-do (Deva realm, or realm or blissful state) (天道), while there exists no Buddha in this world after Shaka entered nirvana and before Miroku Bosatsu (Maitreya Bodhisattva) appears, 5670 million years later.
Japanese: とう利天に在って釈迦仏の付属を受け、毎朝禅定に入りて衆生の機根(性格や教えを聞ける器）を感じ、釈迦の入滅後、56億7000万年後に弥勒菩薩が出現するまでの間、現世に仏が不在となってしまうため、その間、六道（地獄道・餓鬼道・畜生道・修羅道・人道・天道）を輪廻する衆生を救う菩薩であるとされる。
English: Many statues are generally expressed in the figure of a shaven Shomon or Bikuni (figures of priests or priestesses) putting on robes with Nyoi-hoju in the left hand and Shakujo in the right hand or with Nyoi-hoju in the left hand and Yogan-in figurative gestures (wish-granting mudra, showing the palm and hanging down) in the right hand.
Japanese: 一般には剃髪した声聞・比丘形（僧侶の姿）で袈裟をまとい、左手に如意宝珠、右手に錫杖を持つ形、または左手に如意宝珠を持ち、右手は与願印（掌をこちらに向け、下へ垂らす）の印相をとる像が多い。
English: However, in Mikkyo it is expressed in the normal figure that piles its hair high and wears accessory as a principal image of Garbha-mandala Jizo-in; it has Nichirin (日輪) in front of the right-side breast in the right hand and has a lotus that bears Doban while placing the left hand on the left hip.
Japanese: しかし、密教では胎蔵曼荼羅地蔵院の主尊として、髪を高く結い上げ装身具を身に着けた通常の菩薩形に表され、右手は右胸の前で日輪を持ち、左手は左腰に当てて幢幡を乗せた蓮華を持つ。
English: 1. They shall rapidly climb the divine stages of advancement; 2. they shall be free of all bad karma; 3. they shall be guarded by all the Buddhas; 4. they shall never again suffer setbacks along the Bodhi path; 5. they shall experience greater willpower to do good; 6. they shall remember their past lives and experiences; 7. they shall eventually achieve Buddhahood.
Japanese: 1.速超聖地、2.悪業消滅、3.諸佛護臨、4.菩提不退、5.増長本力、6.宿命皆通、7.畢竟成佛
English: Among Enra-o-juki Shishu Gyakushu Shoshichiojo Jodo-kyo Sutra (閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経) (Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra, Yuxiu Shiwang Shengqijing Sutra) and Juo-kyo Sutra (Jizo Bosatsu Hossin Innen Juo-kyo Sutra), a belief that Jizo Bosatsu is the same entity as Enma, tied with Juo belief in Taoism.
Japanese: 偽経とされる閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経（預修十王生七経）や十王経（地蔵菩薩発心因縁十王経）によって、道教の十王信仰と結びついて地蔵菩薩を閻魔と閻魔と同一の存在であるという信仰が広まった。
English: According to that, the king Enma watches people closely as Jizo Bosatsu so that he can fairly bring the dead to justice.
Japanese: 閻魔王は地蔵菩薩として人々の様子を事細かに見ているため、綿密に死者を裁くことができるとする。
English: In Japan since the Heian period, when the Pure Land Faith was widespread, people increasingly believed that the living things who could not be reborn in the Land of Bliss after death inevitably went to Hell, so that they had to hope from Jizo Bosatsu for relief from their suffering in Hell.
Japanese: 日本においては、浄土信仰が普及した平安時代以降、極楽浄土に往生のかなわない衆生は、必ず地獄へ堕ちるものという信仰が強まり、地蔵に対して、地獄における責め苦からの救済を欣求するようになった。
English: There is a folk belief that Jizo Bosatsu guards children who are bullied by ogres at Sai-no-kawara (the limbo of children) so that Jizo Bosatsu has been worshipped for the veneration of children and miscarried fetuses.
Japanese: 賽の河原で獄卒に責められる子供を地蔵菩薩が守るという民間信仰もあり、子供や水子の供養でも地蔵信仰を集めた。
English: In China, Jizo Bosatsu is called Jizo-o Bosatsu (tied with Juo thought) and is worshipped as a master of the underworld.
Japanese: 中国においては、地蔵菩薩は十王思想と結びついて地藏王菩薩とも呼ばれ、冥界の教主としても信仰される。
English: Because it brings the dead to justice as the king Emma, it is mainly worshipped in order to wish for relief (from Hell) after death.
Japanese: 閻魔王として死者を裁くことから、主に死後の（地獄からの）救済を願って信仰される。
English: In the Naka Ward of Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) there exists Jizo-o-byo Temple (Chuka Giso) (Chinese cemetary), which was built by Chinese residents and enshrines the rest of the dead.
Japanese: 日本の神奈川県横浜市中区にも、華僑によって建立された死者の永眠を祀る地藏王廟（中華義荘）がある。
English: This is based on the fact that a priest Jizo (696 to 794), who is also called Kin-osho or Kana Jizo in Shiragi, the Silla dynasty, lived in Huacheng Temple at this place.
Japanese: これは、新羅の金和尚、金地蔵とも呼ばれる地蔵という僧（696年-794年）が、この地にある化城寺に住したことに因むものである。
English: Jizo, who entered nirvana in this place at the age of 99, remained the same figure as living when his casket was opened three years later in order to be enshrined in a tower, so that the faith to see him as the same as Jizo-o Bosatsu was created and the place of the tower became a sacred site of Jizo-o Bosatsu.
Japanese: 齢九十九で、この地で入滅した地蔵は、3年後に棺を開いて塔に奉安しようとしたところ、その顔貌が生前と全く変わることがなかったことなどから、地蔵を地藏王菩薩と同一視する信仰が生まれ、その起塔の地が地藏王菩薩の聖地となったものである。
English: According to that historical event, it has been worshipped until now as a sacred place in Chinese Buddhism, as have Mt. Wutai Shan of Monju Bosatsu, Mt. Emeishan of Fugen Bosatsu and Mt. Putuo of Kannon Bosatsu.
Japanese: その故事によって、文殊菩薩の五台山、普賢菩薩の峨眉山、観音菩薩の普陀山と並ぶ中国仏教の聖地として、今日まで信仰を集めている。
English: This is originated from a theory that six kinds of Jizo Bosatsu relieve each of the six worlds, based on the Buddhist concept of Rokudo-rinne or Rebirth in the Six Worlds (whereby all lives repeat incarnation in the six worlds).
Japanese: これは、仏教の六道輪廻の思想（全ての生命は6種の世界に生まれ変わりを繰り返すとする）に基づき、六道のそれぞれを6種の地蔵が救うとする説から生まれたものである。
English: In many cases they are called Danda Jizo, Hoju Jizo, Hoin Jizo, Jiji Jizo, Jogaisho Jizo, Nikko Jizo or Kongogan Jizo, Kongoho Jizo, Kongohi Jizo, Kongodo Jizo, Hokoo Jizo, Yotenga Jizo in the order of Jigoku-do, Gaki-do, Chikusho-do, Shura-do, Jin-do and Ten-do, but some documents describe names other than the above.
Japanese: 地獄道、餓鬼道、畜生道、修羅道、人道、天道の順に檀陀（だんだ）地蔵、宝珠地蔵、宝印地蔵、持地地蔵、除蓋障（じょがいしょう）地蔵、日光地蔵と称する場合と、それぞれを金剛願地蔵、金剛宝地蔵、金剛悲地蔵、金剛幢地蔵、放光王地蔵、預天賀地蔵と称する場合が多いが、文献によっては以上のいずれとも異なる名称を挙げている物もある。
English: At any rate, it is nearly impossible to determine each name of Jizo Bosatsu only by its features.
Japanese: いずれにしても、像容のみからそれぞれの地蔵がどれに当たるかを判別することはほぼ不可能である。
English: In the Golden Hall of Chuson-ji Temple, each of six statues of Jizo Bosatsu are placed on the three Buddhist altars in which the bodies of FUJIWARA no Kiyohira, FUJIWARA no Motohira and FUJIWARA no Hidehira are placed, and the figures of each statue are nearly identical to one another.
Japanese: 中尊寺金色堂には、藤原清衡・藤原基衡・藤原秀衡の遺骸を納めた3つの仏壇のそれぞれに6体の地蔵像が安置されているが、各像の姿はほとんど同一である。
English: One of the kings thought he would relieve people by becoming Buddha by himself, and he became the Buddha called Issaichii-nyorai.
Japanese: 一人は自らが仏となることで人を救おうと考え、一切智威如来という仏になった。
English: However, the other king dared to reject becoming Buddha in spite of being capable of doing so; instead he willingly went to Hell, keeping his human form, and continuously endeavored to relieve all the troubles and wandering of souls.
Japanese: だが、もう一人の王は仏になる力を持ちながら、あえて仏となることを拒否し、自らの意で人の身のまま地獄に落ち、すべての苦悩とさ迷い続ける魂を救おうとした。
English: There are many stories that the miraculous efficacy of Jizo Bosatsu is enormous enough to diminish people's sins and make them Buddha, and that he relieves people as a scapegoat for their suffering.
Japanese: 地蔵菩薩の霊験は膨大にあり、人々の罪業を滅し成仏させるとか、苦悩する人々の身代わりになって救済するという説話が多い。
English: Although Bosatsu is a Buddha ranked at high status next to Nyorai, Jizo Bosatsu stepped down from the status with the determination that ' I won't go back to the Bosatsu world unless my wish to relieve all living things comes true,' and he continued travel to relieve unrelieved living things and the souls of young children who died before their parents, walking on foot through Rokudo.
Japanese: 菩薩は如来に次ぐ高い見地に住する仏であるが、地蔵菩薩は「一斉衆生済度の請願を果たさずば、我、菩薩界に戻らじ」との決意でその地位を退し、六道を自らの足で行脚して、救われない衆生、親より先に世を去った幼い子供の魂を救って旅を続ける。