nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Although it is said that he died of Rogai (tuberculosis) (chronic disease) or cancer, he was not very thin in stature.
Japanese: （持病の）労咳や癌で死んだと言われる割には、身体がふっくらしている。
English: However, there is another theory that it was painted by Yoshitsugu HATAKEYAMA as there were some questions, for example, that there was no evidence which showed that he was away from Noto at that time ("the mystery of the portrait of Shingen Takeda" by Masayuki FUJIMOTO).
Japanese: しかし、この時期能登から出た形跡が無いこと。などの疑問点から、畠山義続ではないかという学説が出ている（藤本正行『武田信玄像の謎』）。
English: Since there is no doubt that Shingen's portrait at Seikei-in Temple was painted by Tohaku HASEGAWA, the theory that this was the image of Shingen was accepted.
Japanese: 成慶院画像も等伯作であることが揺るがないことから、依然として像主を信玄に比定することは支持されている。
English: However, `Kenpon chakushoku Takeda Shingen gazo' (a portrait of Takeda Shingen) was not used in recent text books, and alternatively, the portrait `possessed by Jimyo-in Temple' was used.
Japanese: しかし、最近の教科書では「絹本著色武田信玄画像」は使われておらず、「持明院蔵」の肖像画が使用されている。
English: Today, NHK and Fuji Television Network, Inc tend not to use `Kenpon chakushoku Takeda Shingen gazo' (a portrait of Takeda Shingen).
Japanese: 現在、NHKやフジテレビでは「絹本著色武田信玄画像」を使用しないなどの傾向も見られる。
English: It is advocated that Kira Yoriyasu gazo (a portrait of Yoshiyasu Kira) possessed by Joshin-ji Temple, in Tokyo is regarded to be the image of Shingen (according to Fujimoto).
Japanese: また、東京都の浄真寺に所蔵されている吉良頼康画像を信玄画像とする説も提唱されている（藤本による）。
English: (Even if a castle is securely defended, it would be impossible to keep governing the country when people lose their patriotism for the country. A merciful act enables <you> to keep people's minds on your side, resulting in the country to proper, while more revenge will cause the country to be destroyed.)
Japanese: （どれだけ城を堅固にしても、人の心が離れてしまったら世を治めることはできない。情けは人をつなぎとめ、結果として国を栄えさせるが、仇を増やせば国は滅びる）
English: As he was quoted, Shingen never constructed a new castle within Kai Province during his life, and he kept living in Tsutsujigasaki-yakata (Tsutsujigasaki Mansion) encircled with single moat.
Japanese: この言の通り、信玄はその生涯の内一度も甲斐国内に新たな城を普請せず、堀一重の躑躅ヶ崎館に住んだ。
English: However, there was Yogaisan-jo Castle (Sekisui-ji Temple) as the keep at the back of Tsutsujigasaki-yakata (Tsutsujigasaki Mansion), which was a typical Yamashiro (mountain castle) of busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku period.
Japanese: ただし、後背には詰めの城である要害山（積翠寺）城があり典型的な戦国武将の山城ともいえる。
English: `A 50% chance of victory is great, 70% is OK, but 100% is horrible.'
Japanese: 「およそ軍勝五分をもって上となし、七分をもって中となし、十分をもって下と為す。」
English: `Even if you have had a major victory, you would definitely lose the next battle when you become arrogant.'
Japanese: 「たとへ戦に十分の勝ちを得るとも、驕を生じれば次には必ず敗るるものなり。」
English: Considering that Katsuyori, who won a string of battles, was defeated at the Battle of Nagashino, this word is considered to be a word of warning.
Japanese: 信玄死後、連戦連勝を重ねた勝頼が長篠で一敗地にまみれたことを重ねると、実に説得力のある戒めである。
English: (Nowadays, the word of Yozan UESUGI, the lord of the Yonezawa domain, `If you try to do, it can be achieved, if you don't, it will never be achieved. Achieving nothing is due to one's own intention to not try.' is better known than the word of Shingen, but was originally a quote from Shingen).
Japanese: （現在では米沢藩主・上杉鷹山の言葉としての「為せば成る為さねば成らぬ何事も成らぬは人の為さぬなりけり」の方が良く知られているが元々は信玄の言葉である）
English: Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan is an abbreviation of the phrase stated in, `Sonshi' (Chinese books about tactics), `其疾如風 其徐如林 侵掠如火 不動如山' (as fast as the wind, as quiet as the forest, as daring as fire, and as immovable as the mountain) (In Sonshi, it is followed by the phrase, `as hard as to understand a shade, as fast as thunder')
Japanese: 風林火山は、孫子(書物)に記された「其疾如風其徐如林侵掠如火不動如山（その疾（はや）きこと風の如く、その徐（しず）かなること林の如く、侵（おか）し掠（かす）めること火の如く、動かざること山の如し）」（孫子ではこの後に「難知如陰　動如雷霆　（知り難きこと陰の如く、動くこと雷霆（らいてい＝雷）の如し）」と続く）という語句を略したものである。
English: Shingen also wrote `其疾如風 其徐如林 侵掠如火 不動如山' (as fast as the wind, as quiet as the forest, as daring as fire, and as immovable as the mountain) on his banner, and fought his battles under it.
Japanese: 信玄もこれをもとに軍旗に「疾如風徐如林侵掠如火不動如山」と書いて戦った。
English: This banner is famous for being used by Shingen TAKEDA, but Shingen was not the first one to use it.
Japanese: ただし、武田信玄が使ったことで有名ではあるが、信玄が最初と言うわけではない。
English: During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, which was about 200 years earlier than the period of Shingen, the banner was used by Akiie KITABATAKE as a Jinki (the flag for a camp) containing the emblem, Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan (風林火山).
Japanese: 風林火山の旗印は信玄より200年ほど前の南北朝時代に北畠顕家が陣旗として使っていた。
English: In general, Shingen TAKEDA's image is strongly associated with Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan, and many works have been created using Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan in his image.
Japanese: とは言え一般的には武田信玄＝風林火山と言う印象は強く、その名を冠した作品は多い。
English: It is said that he owned more than 300 guns by 1555.
Japanese: 天文24年（1555年）の段階で鉄砲を300挺以上も所有していたと言われる。
English: In the section for 1555 of Katsuyamaki (the chronology of Kai Province), it is stated that `Harunobu TAKEDA (Shingen TAKEDA) entered Asahiyama-jo Castle, the fort of Asahiyama, with 3000 kuren (officials) *snip* 300 guns.'
Japanese: 勝山記の天文24年の項に「旭の要害（旭山城）へも武田晴信（武田信玄）公人数三千人（中略）鉄砲三百挺入候」とある。
English: The Takda army was so strong that people in the region ruled by Nobunaga talked about their strength, saying `The Takeada army and Uesugi army are the strongest in the world', even after the Takeda army suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Nagashino (refer to the section for April, 1528 of the records of Kofuku-ji Temple and Renjo-in Temple in Yamato Province).
Japanese: 武田軍の強さは、長篠の戦いで大敗した後も、信長の支配地域において「武田軍と上杉軍の強さは天下一である」と噂されるほどのものであった（大和国興福寺蓮成院記録・天正十年三月の項を参照）。
English: When Shingen pulled a string to ring a bell, several vassals were informed one after another, and eventually the last vassal in the upper stream flushed the water.
Japanese: 信玄がひもを引いて鈴を鳴らすと伝言ゲームのように配置された数人の家臣に知らされていき上流の者が水を流す仕組みである。
English: When one of his vassals asked Shingen, `Why do you call the toilet Yama (mountain) ?', Shingen gave a witty answer, `Because there is always Kusaki (it has two meanings; 草木: plants, and 臭き: bad smell, in different characters) in Yama (mountain).'
Japanese: 家臣が「何故、厠を山と言うのでしょう?」と尋ねた所、信玄は「山には常に、草木（臭き）が絶えぬから」と機知に富んだ回答をしている。
English: According to "Koyo Gunkan" (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family), when Nobunaga gave Shingen a gift of kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes), Shingen gave attention to the lacquer case in which kosode was contained, and he found out that the lacquer case was coated with many layers of lacquer after examining it by tearing, etc.
Japanese: 甲陽軍鑑によると、信長から小袖が贈られた時に、信玄はそれが入れられていた漆箱の方に目をつけそれを割るなどして調べると、それは漆を何度も重ね塗りしたものであった。
English: Shingen said `The lacquer case shows that the Oda family is loyal to the Takeda family, their loyalty to the Takeda family is genuine,' from which it can be assessed that Shingen seemed to be a person who paid attention to details, however, Nobunaga's real intentions were not clear.
Japanese: その丁寧さから「これは織田家の誠意の表れであり、武田家に対する気持ちが本物だ」と言った事から、信長の真意はともかく細かい所にも気をつける性格だったようである。
English: Shingen initially planned to enter Kyoto on October 1, but extended it to October 3 (both dates were based on old lunar calender).
Japanese: 信玄は初め上洛を開始する日時を10月1日としていたが、それを10月3日まで先延ばした。
English: He established a secret organization called `Mitsumono' (secrecy organization of Shingen Takeda), and ordered them to gather information or carry out espionage (in "Koyo Gunkan" (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family), the organization is also described as Suppa (the secrecy organization of Shingen Takeda).
Japanese: 「三ツ者」と呼ばれる隠密組織を用いて、情報収集や諜報活動を行わせたと言われている（甲陽軍鑑では三ツ者のほか、素破とも表現されている）。
English: It is said that Shingen was successful at winning battles because he was quick to gather information.
Japanese: 信玄が戦争に常に勝利し続けたのは、常にこういった情報収集が素早かったためと言われている。
English: This gave him the impression that he went everywhere in Japan, and he was called the `the man with long legs.'
Japanese: このことから、まるで日本中を廻っていたかのような印象を持たれ「足長坊主」と異称された。
English: However it is suspect as to whether Shingen did these things, as the creditability of "Koyo Gunkan" was questionable in comparison with other historical materials.
Japanese: しかし、甲陽軍鑑の歴史資料としての信憑性は他の資料との比較から疑問視されており、この様な事を本当に行っていたかどうかは疑問である。
English: In `Koyo Gunkan,' it is stated that Shingen stated as follows.
Japanese: 上洛のとき、「甲陽軍鑑」において、次のようなことを信玄自らが述べたという記述がある。
English: `Shingen wishes to enter the Enshu, Mikawa, Mino, and Owari Province to rule those provinces, putting up a flag in a capital while Shingen is alive, and establish the Buddhist law, Oho (the law and customs for Buddhism), rules with Shinto religion and 諸侍, properly handling the affairs of state.'
Japanese: 「遠州・三河・美濃・尾張国へ発向して、存命の間に天下を取つて都に旗をたて、仏法・王法・神道・諸侍の作法を定め、政をただしく執行はんとの、信玄の望み是なり」
English: When the fire attack against Enryaku-ji Temple in Mt. Hiei by Nobunaga ODA happened (1571), Shingen tried to remove the Enryaku-ji Temple in Mt. Hiei to Kai Province, condemning Nobunaga as a `transfiguration of a demon.'
Japanese: 元亀2年（1570年）の織田信長による延暦寺比叡山焼き討ち(1571年)の際、信玄は信長を「天魔ノ変化」と非難し、比叡山延暦寺を甲斐に移して再興させようと図った。
English: For this, in 1572, Shingen was appointed to the position of daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) by a high monk of Enryaku-ji Temple in Mt. Hiei who survived.
Japanese: このため、元亀3年（1572年）に信玄は比叡山延暦寺の生き残った高僧から、大僧正の地位を与えられている。
English: In addition, Shingen sent Nobunaga a letter describing his position as daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order), which can be taken to have been a proclamation of war against Nobunaga.
Japanese: また、その大僧正の身分をわざわざ書いた宣戦布告ともいえる文を信長に送っている。
English: It is said that Shingen's entry to Kyoto was deemed difficult due to the long distance from Kai to Kyoto at that time.
Japanese: 信玄にとって甲斐から京都へ上洛する距離は、当時としてはかなりの遠隔地だったため、上洛は難しいとされていたと言われる。
English: In fact, Kai Province was less developed than Mino and Owari Province of Nobunaga, and was a mountainous province, which made it difficult to march through.
Japanese: 実際、織田信長の美濃・尾張に較べると甲斐は後進地域であるうえ、山国でもあるために行軍も難しかった。
English: The phrase, which was created making fun of Shinegen when Nobunaga entered Kyoto ahead of Shingen, was contained in Shinseninu tsukuba shu (anthology of Haikairenga (a type of Renga)), a book of Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) at that time; as shown below.
Japanese: 信長が信玄に先んじて上洛した際、当時の俳諧書である新撰犬筑波集では、次のように揶揄する句が記されている。
English: There were many times Shingen destroyed alliances he formed during his life, for example, alliances with SUWA, ODA, IMAGAWA, and TOKUGAWA (HOJO as a consequence).
Japanese: 信玄は生涯で同盟を破った事は多く、諏訪、織田、今川、徳川（結果的には北条）などがあげられる。
English: Shingen, who was not happy about it, and kept calling him by his former family name, NAGAO.
Japanese: このため、面白くなかった信玄は、最期まで長尾姓のままで呼び続けたという。
English: The love letter, kishomon (sworn oath), to Masanobu KOSAKA, who had a homosexual relationship with Shingen, is still preserved to this day.
Japanese: 男色(衆道)関係にあったとされる高坂昌信に宛てた恋文/起請文が残っている。
English: His chronic pulmonary tuberculosis is widely accepted to be the cause of death, and was stated in Jii onjuku kenmotsu shojo (literary remains of Warring States period) (Sengoku Ibun (ancient writings in Sengoku period), No.2638), pneumonia, stomach cancer or esophageal cancer (stated in "Koyo Gunkan").
Japanese: 死因に関しては、侍医御宿監物書状（戦国遺文2638号）にみられる持病の労咳（肺結核）、肺炎、『甲陽軍鑑』による胃癌若しくは食道癌による病死説が有力である。
English: In the section of the Suganuma clan of the Hankanpu (Genealogy of the Protectors of the Shogunate) written by Hakuseki ARAI, a common saying that Shingen was shot and was injured when approaching the sound of a flute which he heard from inside the Noda-jo Castle, in MIkawa Province when Shinge encircled the castle, is described.
Japanese: 藩翰譜；新井白石著の菅沼氏の項で、武田信玄が、三河国野田城を攻囲中、城中から聞こえる笛の音に惹かれてやってきたところを、鉄砲に狙撃され負傷したという俗説があると記載されている。
English: It is also said that his death was caused by a decline inhis physical health resulting from schistosomiasis japonica (form of bilharzia caused by the Oriental blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum) which became epidemic as a local disease in modern times
Japanese: また、近代には地方病として蔓延した日本住血吸虫病による体力の低下という説もある。
English: In recent years, there is a theory that Shingen was manipulated by his roshin (old or key retainer), and Shingen's father was banished due to the coup by powerful local lords (kokujin) in Kai Province.
Japanese: 近年、信玄は老臣の操り人形で、父追放は甲斐の有力国人衆のクーデターだという説がある。
English: The theory is based on what Masatake KOMAI wrote about the dispute over the head of the Imagawa family in his diary about the day of Shingen experiencing his first battle as having been at the age of 16.
Japanese: その理由に、信玄が16歳にて初陣に出たと言う輝かしい日に、駒井政武は日記に、今川家の家督争いを書いている。
English: It is agreed within the academy that Shingen experienced his first battle at the age of 20.
Japanese: なお学会の見解としては20歳にて初陣に出たという意見で一致している。
English: Besides, Nobukata ITAGAKI's repeated acts against Shingen's intentions strengthened the creditability of this theory.
Japanese: また、板垣信方が主君の意向を無視した行動をたびたび起こしていることもこの説の信憑性を強めている。
English: In Yamanashi Prefecture, the former Kai Province, Takeda bishi (the crest of the Takeda family) are every where, from Kofu Station to ordinary houses.
Japanese: 旧甲斐国の山梨県では、甲府駅から一般家屋に至るまであらゆる場所に武田菱が見られる。
English: It is used in equipment in vehicles of riot police of Yamanashi Prefecture, or used in designs of E257 series used in `Azusa' (train) or `Kaiji' (train), Limited Express of East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Japanese: また山梨県警機動隊の車両などの装備品や、東日本旅客鉄道の特急「あずさ(列車)」や「かいじ(列車)」に使われるE257系のデザインにも用いられている。
English: At the time of people's visit for the New Year Greeting or for the celebration of emperor's birthday to the Imperial Palace, patterns similar to Takeda bishi can be seen in the vicinity of the veranda of Chowa den Hall in the palace where the emperor or imperial family members stood.
Japanese: なお、皇居で行われる新年一般参賀や天皇誕生日の一般参賀において使用される宮殿・長和殿のベランダ（天皇や皇族らが立つ位置）周辺に武田菱と同じ紋様が存在する。
English: These patterns have been used for decoration or costumes used in the inner palace since ancient times, and has nothing to do with the Takeda family in Koshu (based on the answer of the information officer of Imperial Household Agency).
Japanese: これは古くから宮中の調度、装束に用いられているもので、甲州武田家とは無関係である（宮内庁広報係の回答より）。
English: For your information, Gionkita Hiroshima Prefectural Senior High School uses Takeda bishi as the school's emblem since the school is located along the foot of Takeda-yama Mountain where there was once the Sato-Kanayama Castle, the residence of Aki-Takeda clan, branch family of Takeda clan.
Japanese: また、広島県立祇園北高等学校は、校舎が武田氏の傍流安芸武田氏の居城佐東銀山城のあった武田山の麓に立地していることにちなみ、校章には武田菱があしらわれている。
English: Although theTakeda family died out in the generation of Katsuyori, the surviving retainers were kept under the protection of the Tokugawa clan.
Japanese: 武田家は勝頼の代で滅亡しているが武田家の遺臣は徳川氏によって保護された。
English: There were Takeda ronin (masterless samurai) that lived in a village in Kai Province, retaining their privilege as a former vassal of Takeda.
Japanese: また、甲斐では村落に居住しつつも武田旧臣に由緒を持ち特権を保持していた武田浪人が存在していた。
English: In the Edo period, "Koyo Gunkan" became popular, 24 busho (Japanese military commander), who were the most acclaimed Busho among busho of the Takeda family in the period of Shingen, were called `The Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda.'
Japanese: 江戸時代には『甲陽軍鑑』が流行し、信玄時代の武田家の武将達の中で特に評価の高い24名の武将を指して武田二十四将（武田二十四神将）と言われるようになった。
English: `The Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda' originally came from Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) or Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment), and the official category or name of Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda family didn't exist.
Japanese: 原典は江戸時代に作られた浮世絵や浄瑠璃で、正式に武田家中で二十四将と言う区分や呼称は存在しない。
English: The selected busho appeared in different periods, thus, there was no time that all 24 busho served Shingen together.
Japanese: 選ばれた武将達も時代は離れており、全員が同時期に信玄に仕えたことはない。
English: However, there are only 23 vassals in the Twenty-Four Generals, with Shingen added to the last one to make them the Twenty-Four Generals, which is the most distinctive feature.
Japanese: しかし、武田二十四将には家臣が23名しか入らず、信玄自身が二十四将の一人に数えられていることが最大の特徴である。
English: Apart from The Twenty-Four Generals, the big four of the Takeda clan (also referred to as four wise retainers of Takeda. Refer to Nobuharu BABA, Masatoyo Naito, Masakage YAMAGATA, Masanobu KOSAKA, who served Shingen and Katsuyori) is famous.
Japanese: 他に武田四天王(武田四名臣とも。信玄・勝頼を支えた馬場信春、内藤昌豊、山県昌景、高坂昌信の4人を指す）も有名。
English: In contrast with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, whose reputation was debased after the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, Shingen's reputation among common people was maintained and approved even by the Tokugawa shogunate since Shingen was regarded as "bushin (the god of war) who gave Ieyasu hardships so that Ieyasu would grow up as a person," and Ieyasu learned from Shingen's methods.
Japanese: 徳川幕府が成立してから著しく評価を落とされた豊臣秀吉とは対照的に、信玄は『家康公を苦しめ、人間として成長させた武神』として、また信玄の手法を家康が参考にしたことから、『信玄の神格化＝家康の神格化』となるので幕府も信玄人気を容認していたとされる。
English: In Kai Province which was entirely governed by the Tokugawa Shogunate, Shingen was respected as a person who commenced the original system based on Koshu sanpo (taxation law); Daishogiri zeiho (tax collection law), Koshu gold, and Koshu masu (measuring container).
Japanese: また、一円が幕領支配となった甲斐国においては、大小切税法や甲州金、甲州桝の甲州三法に象徴される独自の制度を創始した人物と位置づけられ、崇められるようになった。
English: During the Meiji Period, Shingen's image became prevalent, and in Yamanashi Prefecture, which was tenryo (bakufu-owned land) during the Edo period, Shingen was recognized as a person who represented local history.
Japanese: 明治には信玄のイメージが広く定着するが、江戸期を通じて天領であった山梨県においては信玄は郷土史の象徴的人物と認識されるようになった。
English: Before the war, Ministry of Interior (Japan) offered to upgrade the Takeda-jinja Shrine to Bekkaku kanpeisha (the new shrine ranking that the Meiji government set up as the shrines which enshrined gods of heaven and earth can not be equally treated with the ones which enshrine people) in exchange for validating Kinno jiseki (vestige of loyalty) of Shingen.
Japanese: 戦前は内務省(日本)が武田神社の別格官弊社への昇格条件に信玄の勤王事跡の挙証を条件としていたこともあった。
English: After the war, Eiyu Shikan (hero-centered historiography) or Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) were eliminated and the empirical study on the medieval history or the Takeda clan were conducted.
Japanese: 戦後は、英雄史観や皇国史観を廃した実証的研究が中世史や武田氏研究でも行われるようになった。
English: Researchers including Masayoshi ISOGAI, Haruo UENO, Shoji SASAMOTO, Shunroku SHIBATSUJI, Yu HIRAYAMA, Takashi AKIYAMA appeared, and published documents on the empirical study or the Takeda clan related materials.
Japanese: 磯貝正義、上野晴朗、笹本正治、柴辻俊六、平山優、秋山敬らの研究者が出現し、実証的研究や武田氏関係史料の刊行を行っている。
English: Shingen was positioned as a symbol of the local region by Yamanashi Prefecture or Kofu City, becoming a resource for historic tourist business, in the process of promoting tourist business.
Japanese: 観光事業振興の動きの中で信玄は県や甲府市によって歴史的観光資源となる郷土の象徴的人物として位置付けられた。
English: On Saturday and Sunday of the week of April 12, the anniversary of Shingen's death, an urban festival, Shingen-ko Festival whose key feature is `Koshugundan shutsujin' (departure of the army of Koshu for the front) is held.
Japanese: 信玄の命日にあたる4月12日の土日には時代行列「甲州軍団出陣」を目玉とした都市祭礼である信玄公祭りが開催されている。
English: Furthermore, various theories derived from Shingen regarding tourism products were formed, for example, Hoto (a popular regional dish, made by stewing flat udon noodles and vegetables in miso soup) as food for tourists, which was originally traditional food in Yamanashi Prefecture, is advertised as being `a combat ration used by Shingen.'
Japanese: また山梨の日常食であったほうとうが「信玄の陣中食」として観光食としてアピールされるなど、観光物産に関わるさまざまな信玄由来説が形成された。
English: Katsuyori TAKEDA was a busho (Japanese military commander) and a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in Kai Province from the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) to Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 武田勝頼（たけだかつより）は、戦国時代(日本)から安土桃山時代にかけての甲斐国の武将・戦国大名。
English: He was also known as Suwa Shiro Katsuyori because he succeeded the Suwa clan at first, or as Ina Shiro Katsuyori because he was the lord of Takato-jo Castle in Inatani (Ina valley), Shinano Province.
Japanese: 当初は諏訪氏を継いだため、諏訪四郎勝頼、あるいは信濃国・伊奈谷の高遠城主であったため、伊奈四郎勝頼ともいう。
English: His father Shingen petitioned Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA to grant an official rank and Henki (a portion of the name of a person in high rank, which is given to a retainer to show the subordination) to Katsuyori, but it was not materialized due to the pressure of Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 父信玄は足利義昭に官位と偏諱の授与を願ったが、織田信長の圧力によって果たせなかった。
English: He was born as an illegitimate child of Shingen who had enlarged his territory to Shinano Province, and succeeded the Suwa clan, becoming the lord of Takato-jo Castle.
Japanese: 信濃への領国拡大を行った信玄の庶子として生まれ、諏訪氏を継ぎ高遠城主となる。
English: When the Takeda clan's legal son Yoshinobu was disinherited due to Takeda Yoshinobu Incident, he became the heir, and in 1573, he took over as head of the family as the result of Shingen's death.
Japanese: 武田氏の正嫡である義信が信玄後期の武田義信義信事件により廃嫡されると継嗣となり、元亀4年（1573年）には信玄の死により家督を相続する。
English: He succeeded the policy of Shingen, who broke up Ko So Sun Sangoku Domei (tripartite alliance of Kai, Sagami and Suruga) because of a conflict with Echigo, invaded Suruga and put the strategy to conquer westward into action.
Japanese: 越後との対立から甲相駿三国同盟を破棄し駿河侵攻、西上作戦を行い三河に進出した信玄の方針を継承した。
English: He confronted Nobunaga ODA and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, but suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Nagashino in 1575.
Japanese: 織田信長、徳川家康と対峙するが、天正3年（1575年）長篠の戦いにおいて織田・徳川連合軍に大敗を喫する。
English: Although he formed an alliance with Echigo and changed his diplomatic policies, he had no choice but to hedge his bets on Oda-Tokugawa camp and Gohojo clan in Sagami Province, which sparked unrest in his territory.
Japanese: 越後と同盟し外交方針を転換するが、織田・徳川両氏と相模の後北条氏との両面作戦を余儀なくされ、領国の動揺を招く。
English: In the last days of his administration, he tried to preserve his territory by moving Fuchu (provincial cities which consist of local governments as the core of the city) to Shinpu-jo Castle, but he failed because of Nobunaga ODA's invasion (subjugation of Takeda).
Japanese: 政権末期には本国で新府城への府中移転により領国維持をはかるが、織田信長の侵攻（武田征伐）により失敗。
English: From the early modern times to the modern times, Katsuyori received opposing evaluations because some people considered that he had brought about the fall of the Takeda clan, comparing him to Shingen who had been seen as a deity and a heroic figure while others gave him a favorable evaluation because they saw him as a tragic family head.
Japanese: 近世から近現代にかけて神格・英雄化された信玄との対比で武田氏滅亡を招いたとする否定的評価や悲劇の当主とする好意的評価など相対する評価がなされた。
English: In the research for the Takeda clan, Katsuyori was hardly ever an independent research object, but in recent years, researches into various objects including the diplomatic policies and the domestic affairs of Katsuyori's government, his biography are under way, as the result of the excavation and research of Shinpu-jo Castle.
Japanese: 武田氏研究においても単独のテーマとしては扱わることが少なかったが、近年では新府城の発掘調査を契機とした勝頼政権の外交政策や内政、人物像など多様な研究が行われている。
English: His mother was "Goryonin SUWA," a daughter of Yorishige SUWA, the feudal lord of Suwa in Shinano Province, who was in alliance with the Takeda clan from the last days of Nobutora TAKEDA to the early days of Harunobu (her real name is unknown, 乾福院殿).
Japanese: 母は武田信虎後期から晴信初期に同盟関係であった信濃諏訪領主・諏訪頼重の娘「諏訪御料人」（実名不詳、乾福院殿）。
English: The Suwa clan was destroyed in 1542 because the alliance collapsed, and Goryonin SUWA was received as a concubine of Harunobu at his residential castle, Tsutsujigasaki-yashiki (Tsutsujigasaki Mansion) in Kofu district (entry of 1542, "Kohakusaiki" (a recorded diary on the history of the Sengoku period supposedly written by Masatake Komai).
Japanese: 諏訪氏は同盟関係が破綻したため天文11年（1542年）に滅ぼされ、諏訪御料人は晴信の側室として武田氏の居城である甲府の躑躅ヶ崎館へ迎えられた（『高白斎記』天文11年条）。
English: Although "Kohakusaiki" (a recorded diary on the history of he Sengoku period supposedly written by Masatake Komai) has many articles about Yoshinobu (the heir of the Takeda family) and the second son Nobuchika (Ryuho), no information is found about his childhood including his menoto (a woman providing breast-feed to a highborn baby) and his guardian as there is no article about Katsuyori and Goryonin SUWA.
Japanese: 武田家嫡男の義信や次男信親（竜宝）に関する記事の多い『高白斎記』においても勝頼や諏訪御料人に関する記事は見られず、乳母や傅役など幼年期の事情は不明。