nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Although he returned to Fumon-ji Temple and lived there temporarily, he gave kosetsu (lectures on Buddhist scriptures) at Myoshin-ji Temple during 1648 and 1651.
Japanese: 一時、普門寺に帰住していたが、慶安年間（1648年－1651年）には妙心寺で講説していた。
English: In September 1651, he assumed the position of chief priest of Myoshin-ji Temple at the age of 50, and was given a shie (purple canonical robe).
Japanese: 1651年（慶安4年）9月には、50歳で妙心寺の住持に就任し、紫衣を賜った。
English: In 1654 when a Chinese priest, Ingen Ryuki, came over to Japan from China, he became one of his pupils.
Japanese: 1654年（承応3年）中国から隠元隆きが来日すると、その弟子となる。
English: In 1657, he gave Emperor Gomizunoo kosetsu and was embraced by the Emperor to be given the title of Taiso Seito Zenshi.
Japanese: 1657年（明暦3年）には後水尾天皇に講説を行い、天皇の帰依を受け、大宗正統禅師の勅号を賜った。
English: He assisted Ingen in founding Manpuku-ji Temple on Mt. Obaku in Uji and was committed to the establishment of the Obaku Sect in Japan.
Japanese: 隠元のもとで宇治黄檗山萬福寺の建立を助け、日本における黄檗宗の開宗に尽力した。
English: In January 1664, he was appointed as the juji of Shomo-ji Temple in Hino town (Shiga Prefecture), a chokugan-ji (a temple built at an imperial command, praying for the stability of the country and the prosperity of the imperial family) built by Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo.
Japanese: 1664年（寛文4年）1月には、法皇となった後水尾帝の勅願寺であった日野町(滋賀県)の正明寺の住持となった。
English: In April 1668, he was invited by the Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo to Naiin (the innermost shrine of Shomo-ji Temple) and gave him bosatsu-kai (bosatsu (bodhisattva)'s commandments) there.
Japanese: 1668年（寛文8年）4月、後水尾法皇に招かれ、内院にて菩薩戒を授けた。
English: In April 1669, he officially took over Ingen's teachings and became the first Japanese who mastered Ingen's esoteric techniques.
Japanese: 1669年（寛文9年）4月には、正式に隠元の法を嗣ぎ、日本人初の隠元の嗣法者となった。
English: In August 1670, he went over to Osaka to attend a saie (a Buddhist mass where meals are served to priests) held at Kyuto-in Temple, but on August 23, a storm hit the area.
Japanese: 1670年（寛文10年）8月に大坂の九島院で催行された斎会に赴いたが、23日に暴風が襲った。
English: Despite danotsu's (the supporters of the temple) and his pupils' urgent request to evacuate, he remained seated at a zen hall even while the hall was being inundated, and eventually, he was found dead, seated in a zen position after the water receded.
Japanese: 檀越や門弟が避難することを求めたが、応じず、自ら洪水中に身を置き、水が引いた後も禅堂に坐したまま没していた、という。
English: Ryusan Tokuken (1284 - December 22, 1358) was a priest of the Rinzai Sect from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 龍山徳見（りゅうさんとくけん、弘安7年（1284年）－延文3年/正平(日本)13年11月13日(旧暦)（1358年12月14日））は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての臨済宗の僧。
English: At the age of 13, he became a priest at Jufuku-ji Temple in Kamakura to study Buddhism under Jakuan Joso, and later practiced Zen meditation under Yishan Yining of Enkaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 13歳で鎌倉寿福寺の寂庵上昭に師事して出家し、その後円覚寺の一山一寧に参禅した。
English: At the age of 22, he went over to China (the Yuan Dynasty) and studied Zen meditation under Togan Jojitsu and Kurin Seimu in Mt. Tendo.
Japanese: 22歳の時中国（元）に渡って天童山の東岩浄日・古林清茂などに参禅している。
English: He came back to Japan in 1349 after staying in Yuan for a long time, during which he studied the teachings of the Rinzai Sect, which ranges from those of Oryu (also known as Koryu) (a great Chinese priest) to those of Eisai (a Japanese Buddhist priest who studied in China, credited with bringing the Rinzai Sect of Zen Buddhism and green tea from China to Japan), and served as the chief priest of Tosotsu-ji Temple.
Japanese: また黄龍から栄西にいたる臨済宗の法流を受けて兜率寺に住するなど、長期間元に滞在して1349年に帰国している。
English: He was appointed the position of juji (the chief priest) of Kennin-ji Temple in Kyoto by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA, and later served as the juji of Tenryu-ji and Nanzen-ji Temples as well.
Japanese: 足利尊氏の弟足利直義の招きを受けて京都建仁寺の住持となり、その後は天竜寺・南禅寺にも住した。
English: Ryushu-shutaku (1308 - October 17, 1388) was a Buddhist priest of the Rinzai Sect in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan).
Japanese: 龍湫周沢（りゅうしゅうしゅうたく、延慶(日本)元年（1308年）－嘉慶(日本)2年/元中5年9月9日(旧暦)（1388年10月9日））は、南北朝時代(日本)の臨済宗の僧。
English: After Muso Soseki (a Buddhist priest of the Rinzai Sect given the title of Kokushi (the preacher of an Emperor) seven times) died, he played a central role in the Muso School, together with his senior schoolmate, Shunoku Myoha.
Japanese: 夢窓疎石が没した後は、兄弟子である春屋妙葩とともに夢窓派の中心的な僧となった。
English: After Myoha, who had been in a feud with Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, the kanrei (shogun's deputy) of the Ashikaga Shogunate, secluded himself in Tango Province, and he played a leading role in the Muso School while serving as the juji of Kennin-ji, Nanzen-ji, Tenryu-ji, and Rinsen-ji Temples consecutively.
Japanese: 妙葩が足利幕府の管領細川頼之と対立して丹後国に隠遁した後は、夢窓派の中心として活動し、建仁寺・南禅寺・天竜寺・臨川寺の住持を歴任した。
English: Although he was temporarily secluded in Shunneiin Temple after Yoriyuki was ousted from power, he was reinstated in the position of juji at Nanzen-ji Temple.
Japanese: 頼之が失脚した後、一時春寧院に隠棲したが、その後南禅寺の住持として復帰している。
English: Bunei-seikan (1568 - May 16, 1621) was a priest of the Rinzai sect from the Azuchi-momoyama to early Edo periods.
Japanese: 文英清韓（ぶんえいせいかん、永禄11年（1568年）－元和(日本)7年3月25日(旧暦)（1621年5月16日））は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代初期にかけての臨済宗の僧。
English: In 1600, he became a choro (senior priest) of Tofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto, and then, that of Nanzen-ji Temple.
Japanese: 1600年（慶長5年）に京都東福寺の長老となり、その後南禅寺の長老となった。
English: In April 1614, Bunei Seikan, who excelled at making Chinese poems, was ordered by Katsumoto KATAGIRI to make a poem to be carved on the temple bell of Hoko-ji Temple in Kyoto, whose Great Buddha Hall was to be reconstructed.
Japanese: 漢詩文に秀で、1614年（慶長19年）4月、片桐且元に命じられ京都方広寺大仏殿の再建工事において梵鐘の銘文を起草した。
English: But Ieyasu TOKUGAWA claimed that his poem included an ill-omened expression for him, and demanded that the Buddhist ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha of Todai-ji Temple be cancelled (this is so-called Hoko-ji Temple Bell Incident).
Japanese: だが、この銘文に不吉な語句があると徳川家康は因縁をつけ、大仏開眼供養の中止を求めた（方広寺鐘銘事件）。
English: In August of the same year, accompanied by Katsumoto, he went over to Sunpu (where Ieyasu's castle was located) to make excuses only to be blamed by priests of the (Kyoto) Five Zen Monasteries for having been there.
Japanese: 同年8月には且元に同行して駿府へ弁明に向かい、五山僧から非難されている。
English: This incident developed into a full-fledged confrontation between the Tokugawa and Toyotomi families, which eventually led to Osaka no Jin (The Siege of Osaka).
Japanese: 事態は鐘銘問題から徳川と豊臣家との対立に発展し、大坂の陣の遠因となった。
English: Bunei, who was considered to have taken the Toyotomi side, was ousted from Nanzen-ji Temple, leaving Tentokuin, his residence, temporarily abandoned completely.
Japanese: 文栄も連座し、南禅寺から追放され、住坊の天得院は一時廃絶の憂き目にあっている。
English: As shown in his ties with Kiyomasa KATO stated earlier, Bunei maintained a close relationship with the Toyotomi family.
Japanese: 文英は前述した加藤清正との関係で分かるように豊臣氏とのつながりが深かった。
English: This may have caused political confrontation with Konchiin Suden, an adviser to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and a resident of Nanzen-ji Temple, and led him to be banished.
Japanese: 同じ南禅寺住僧で徳川家康の顧問であった金地院崇伝と政治的に対立、追放された物と思われる。
English: Reigan (May 9, 1554 - October 15, 1641) was a priest of the Jodo sect of the early Edo period.
Japanese: 霊巌（れいがん、天文(元号)23年4月8日(旧暦)（1554年5月9日）－寛永18年9月1日(旧暦)（1641年10月15日））は、江戸時代前期の浄土宗の僧。
English: He entered the priesthood under Zoyo of Joun-ji Temple in his early teens, and he learnt from Doyo Teiha of Daigan-ji Temple at Omi in Shimousa Province (today's Chuo Ward, Chiba City) when he was 15 years old.
Japanese: 10代前半で浄運寺の増誉に師事して出家し、15歳のとき下総国生実（現在千葉市中央区(千葉市)）大巌寺の道誉貞把に従って修学した。
English: Later, he became a resident priest of Daigan-ji Temple, and built many Jodo sect temples in many places, including Reigan-in Temple in Nara and Yamada Reigan-ji Temple.
Japanese: その後大巌寺の住職となり、奈良霊巌院・山田霊巌寺など各地に浄土宗寺院を建立した。
English: He accepted Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's becoming a believer and built Reigan-ji Temple (Koto Ward, Tokyo) on Reigan-jima island in Chuo Ward, Tokyo in 1624; however, the temple was burnt down by the Great Fire of Edo in 1657 and the temple moved to Fukagawa, Edo, and after that the temple became one of the Kanto juhachi danrin (eighteen temples for studying the Jodo Sect determined by the Edo government).
Japanese: 徳川家康の帰依を受け、1624年（寛永元年）江戸霊巌島（東京都中央区）に霊巌寺(東京都江東区)を創建、1657年（明暦3年）の江戸の大火で全焼し江戸深川に移転、のち関東十八檀林の一つとなった。
English: In 1629, he became the 32nd head priest of Chion-in Temple in Kyoto, and when Chion-in Temple was burnt down by fire, he rebuilt it under the aegis of the grandson of Ieyasu, the 3rd Shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 1629年（寛永6年）には京都知恩院32世となり、知恩院が火災で焼失すると、家康の孫で3代将軍徳川家光の庇護の下、知恩院を再興した。
English: Ryohen (1150 - September 7, 1232) was a priest of the Shingon sect of the late Heian period to the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 良遍（りょうへん、久安6年（1150年）－貞永元年8月21日(旧暦)（1232年9月7日））は、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代にかけての真言宗の僧。
English: He was appointed to Daisozu (the upper Buddhist priests in the second highest position) and Hoin (the highest rank among Buddhist priests), and in 1218, he acceded to the third manager of To-ji Temple.
Japanese: 大僧都・法印に任じられ、1218年（建保2年）には東寺三長者に就任している。
English: Songyu (July 22, 1469 - January 17, 1550) was a Jodo Sect priest who lived from the middle of the Muromachi period to the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
Japanese: 存牛（そんぎゅう、文明(日本)元年6月5日(旧暦)（1469年7月13日）-天文(元号)18年12月20日(旧暦)（1550年1月7日））は、室町時代中期から戦国時代(日本)にかけての浄土宗の僧。
English: He assumed the position of the third chief priest in Shinkomyo-ji Temple, and then succeeded to Chion-in Temple in Kyoto as the 25th chief priest in 1521.
Japanese: 信光明寺3世を経て、1521年（永正18年）京都知恩院25世を継いだ。
English: He reconstructed Chion-in Temple which had been devastated during the Onin War, and was permitted by the Emperor Gokashiwabara to call it the Grand Head Temple of the Jodo Sect.
Japanese: 応仁の乱（1467年-1477年）で荒廃した知恩院を再興し、後柏原天皇から浄土宗総本寺と公称することを勅許された。
English: Genchi (1183 - January 18, 1239) was a priest of the Jodo sect of the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 源智（げんち、寿永2年（1183年）－暦仁元年12月12日(旧暦)（1239年1月18日））は、鎌倉時代前期の浄土宗の僧。
English: While he revived Chion-in Temple in 1234, he established the basis of Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple.
Japanese: 1234年（文暦元年）知恩院を再興する一方で、百万遍知恩寺の基礎を築いた。
English: Shingon (1150 - December 8, 1236) was a Shingon Sect priest who lived from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 親巌（しんごん、仁平元年（1151年）－嘉禎2年11月2日(旧暦)（1236年12月1日））は、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代前期にかけての真言宗の僧。
English: He became the To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple), the first monzeki (the head priest of a temple formerly led by a founder of a sect, or a temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family) of Zuishinin Temple, and then acceded to Betto (the head priest) of Todai-ji Temple in 1235.
Japanese: 東寺長者・随心院初代門跡を経て、1235年（嘉承元年）東大寺別当に就任した。
English: Jikun Toren (1383 - February 5, 1471) was a Rinzai Sect priest in the middle of the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 竺雲等連（じくうんとうれん、永徳3年/弘和3年（1383年）－文明(日本)3年1月7日(旧暦)（1471年1月27日））は、室町時代中期の臨済宗の僧。
English: After he came back to Japan, he served at Shokoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, and assumed the position of chief priest of Nanzen-ji Temple in 1444, being assumed the position of Sorokushi (a managing priest in a Zen temple) in Rokuonin in Sokoku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 帰国した後、京都相国寺を経て、1444年（文安元年）南禅寺の住持となり、1455年（康正元年）には相国寺の鹿苑院に住して僧録司に任じられた。
English: He was good at translating Chinese into Japanese through adding kunten (puctuation marks), especially good at studying the art of divination, and established the basis for the study of history books at gosan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government).
Japanese: 漢書の訓点に秀で、特に易学の研究に優れ、その後の五山における史書研究の基礎を築いた。
English: Reiku (1652 - November 4, 1739) was a Tendai Sect priest in the middle of the Edo period.
Japanese: 霊空（れいくう、承応元年（1652年）－元文4年10月4日(旧暦)（1739年11月4日））は、江戸時代中期の天台宗の僧。
English: At the age of 27 he became disciple to Myoritsu, and after Myoritsu's death in 1690, he, together with Myoritsu's disciples, worked hard to restore the style of the priest.
Japanese: 27歳のとき妙立に師事し、1690年（元禄3年）に妙立が没した後は、その弟子を率いて僧風の復興に努めた。
English: By the middle of the Edo period, as Hongaku philosophy (philosophy of awareness) through oral instruction, which had started in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), was becoming more prevalent, and Tendai doctrine and manners of priests had deteriorated markedly, he worked hard to correct the priestly ethic by reforming two types of learning, namely Jo (Samachi) and E (Wisdom), and introducing additional precept learning based on Shibunritsu (Four-Part Vinayapitaka, which explains about regulations and prohibited matters of the priests) in perceptive science.
Japanese: 江戸時代中期には、南北朝時代(日本)に始まった本覚思想の口伝法門が広まり、天台教学・僧儀の退廃が目立ってきたことから、定慧の二学を刷新し、戒律学における四分律兼学による律儀を導入するなど僧風の是正につとめた。
English: In 1693, he renewed Anraku-in in Sozan (literally, founder's mountain) Iimuro into Ritsu-in (vinaya temple) regarding additional precept learning based on Shibunritsu under the order of Cloistered Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Koben and become the founder of the Anraku-in School.
Japanese: 1693年（元禄6年）輪王寺宮公弁法親王の命により祖山飯室の安楽院を天台・四分律兼学の律院に改め、安楽院流の祖となった。
English: Ryonen (1646 - October 29, 1711) was a Buddhist nun of the Obaku Sect who lived from the early Edo period to the mid-Edo period.
Japanese: 了然（りょうねん、正保3年（1646年）－正徳(日本)元年9月18日(旧暦)（1711年10月29日））は、江戸時代前期から中期にかけての黄檗宗の尼僧。
English: After serving Tofukumonin, Chugu (second consort of the emperor) of the Emperor Gomizunoo, she married Bansui MATSUDA and had two boys and three daughters.
Japanese: 初め後水尾天皇の中宮東福門院に出仕したのち、松田晩翠と結婚し2男3女を生んだ。
English: However, she left the Matsuda family in 1672 and served Takagimi, a grandchild of Chugu Tofukumonin.
Japanese: しかし、1672年（寛文12年）松田の家を出て、中宮東福門院の孫にあたる好君に使えた。
English: After the death of Takagimi, she studied under Princess Richu in Hokyo-ji Temple in Kyoto, daughter of Emperor Gomizunoo, and entered into the priesthood.
Japanese: 好君の没後、京都宝鏡寺の理忠女王（後水尾天皇の皇女）に師事して剃髪した。
English: She then went to Edo and asked Michiyasu HAKUO, a Zen monk of the Obaku Sect, to take her in as his disciple, but her request was refused because of her good looks and only eventually was she allowed to become his disciple after burning her face.
Japanese: 江戸にくだり黄檗宗の禅僧白翁道泰に入門を願ったが、美貌のため許されず、自ら顔面を焼いて入門を許された。
English: In 1693, she built Taiun-ji Temple in Kamiochiai village, Musashi Province (now Shinjuku-ku Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) with having HAKUO as kaizan (a founder of temple as the first chief priest) and called herself second founder.
Japanese: 1693年（元禄6年）武蔵国上落合村（現在東京都新宿区）に泰雲寺を創建し、白翁を勧請開山にむかえ、自らは2世を称した。
English: Nenku (year of birth unknown - August 30, 1297) was a priest of the Jodo sect of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 然空（ねんくう、生年不詳－永仁5年8月11日(旧暦)（1297年8月30日））は、鎌倉時代の浄土宗の僧。
English: He entered Hieizan Mt. Hiei and initially learnt the doctrine of the Tendai sect; however, he learnt from a priest of the Jodo sect, Ryochu, and learnt the doctrine of the Jodo sect and resided at Nishitani-hokomyo-in temple on the premises of Ninna-ji Temple.
Japanese: 初め比叡山に登り天台教学を修学したが、その後浄土宗の僧良忠に師事して浄土教学を修めて仁和寺西谷法光明院に住した。
English: Meanwhile, he became the 4th chief priest of Shojoke-in Temple at Ichijo, Kyoto and made efforts in missionary work of the Jodo sect, and his doctrine was called Ichijo-ryu (Nishitani school.)
Japanese: 一方、京都一条の清浄華院第4世の住持となり、浄土宗の布教に力を尽くし、然空の法流は一条流（西谷流）と称されるようになった。
English: Daisetsu Sono (April 7, 1313 - October 1, 1377) was a Buddhist monk of the Rinzai Sect in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 大拙祖能（だいせつそのう、正和2年3月3日(旧暦)（1313年3月30日）－永和(日本)3年/天授(日本)3年8月20日(旧暦)（1377年9月23日））は、南北朝時代(日本)の臨済宗の僧。
English: Thereafter, he studied under Futaba Sogen of Kyoto Tofuku-ji Temple, Okawa Dotsu of Kamakura Daikei-ji Temple and Tengai Shiko of Engaku-ji Temple and he also practiced Zen meditation under Kengai Koan, Tomin Enichi and Muso Soseki.
Japanese: その後京都東福寺の双葉宗源、鎌倉大慶寺の大川道通、円覚寺の天外志高に師事して修行し、また険崕巧安・東明恵日・夢窓疎石に参禅した。
English: He went to Yuan, China in 1343, practiced Zen meditation under Mugon Shosen, Toyo Tokki and Sengen Gencho and was awarded inka (certification of spiritual achievement) by Sengen.
Japanese: 1343年に中国の元に渡って無言承宣・東陽徳輝・千巌元長らに参禅して、千巌から印可を受けた。
English: After returning to Japan, he successively played the role of chief priest of Manju-ji Temple in Bungo Province and Kichijo-ji Temple in Kozuke Province.
Japanese: 1358年に帰国したのちは、豊後国万寿寺・上野国吉祥寺の住持を歴任した。
English: Following this he was able to convert Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, and was invited to Kamakura Engaku-ji Temple and Kencho-ji Temple, but he firmly declined these invitations and instead resided at Ryogon-ji Temple in Kasama district, Hitachi Province.
Japanese: その後、3代将軍足利義満の帰依を受け鎌倉円覚寺・建長寺に招かれたが、これを固辞して常陸国笠間郡の楞厳寺に住した。
English: Gensho (1146 - 1204?) was a priest of the Shingon sect of the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 玄証（げんしょう、久安2年（1146年）－元久元年（1204年）?）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前期にかけての真言宗の僧。
English: Although the year of his death was said to be 1204, it seems that he lived up to around 1206.
Japanese: 没年については1204年〈元久元年）とされるが、1206年〈建永元年〉ごろまで生きていたようである。
English: He learnt Shingon Esoteric Buddhism from fuhodeshi (literally, mastered disciples), Daijobosshoin of Kakuban and Hanka of Daigo-ji Temple.
Japanese: 覚鑁の付法弟子である大乗房証印および醍醐寺範果から真言密教を学んだ。
English: In 1193, he prayed for the safe delivery of Gishumon-in, and was appointed Dento Daihosshii.
Japanese: 1193年（建久4年）宜秋門院の安産祈願を行い、伝灯大法師位に叙せられた。
English: He copied and collected many works of iconography and sutra regarding esoteric Buddhism, and a number of materials are left at Kozan-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: 多くの密教に関する図像・経典類を書写して収集しており、京都高山寺に数多く残されている。
English: Mokurai SHIMAJI (March 10, 1838 - February 3, 1911) was a priest of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) Hongan-ji school who actively worked in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 島地黙雷（しまじもくらい,天保9年2月15日(旧暦)（1838年3月10日）-明治44年（1911年）2月3日）は、明治時代に活躍した浄土真宗本願寺派の僧。
English: In 1868, he advocated reforms of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple with Renjo AKAMATSU in Kyoto, such as abolishment of the Bokan system (bokan was a priest who served the Monzeki families) and promotion from adherents, and in 1870, he became a 'sansei' (a post in the office) of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 1868年（明治元年）、京都で赤松連城とともに、坊官制の廃止・門末からの人材登用などの、西本願寺の改革を建白し、1870年（明治3年）に、西本願寺の参政となった。
English: In 1872, he was appointed a member of the Iwakura mission at the request of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple and made an inspection tour of Europe and so on.
Japanese: 1872年（明治5年）、西本願寺からの依頼によって岩倉使節団の一員となり、ヨーロッパ方面への視察旅行を行なった。
English: He visited the birthplace of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem, and on the way home he visited and prayed at the cultural ruins of Shakyamuni.
Japanese: エルサレムではキリストの生誕地を訪ね、帰り道のインドでは釈尊の仏跡を礼拝した。
English: He also advocated politico-religious separation, freedom of faith in 'Sanjo-kyosoku Hihan' and worked for the revival of Buddhism which was placed under Shintoism, and the separation from Daikyoin (Great Teaching Institute).
Japanese: 「三条教則批判」の中で、政教分離、信教の自由を主張、神道の下にあった仏教の再生、大教院からの分離を図った。
English: In 1888, he became a member of Seikyo-sha, which published a Magazine "Nihonjin" (Japanese).
Japanese: 1888年（明治21年）、雑誌『日本人』の発行所である政教社の同人となる。
English: Complete works of Mokurai SHIMAJI, Total 5 volumes: compiled by Kenko FUTABA and Hirotaka FUKUSHIMA, Hongan-ji Shuppan-kyokai, 1973 - 1978
Japanese: 島地黙雷全集　全5巻　二葉憲香、福嶋寛隆編本願寺出版協会1973－78
English: Nissho (1829 - 1908) was a priest of the Nichiren sect (Fujufuse school) of the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
Japanese: 日正（にっしょう、1829年－1908年）は、幕末から明治期にかけての日蓮宗〈不受不施派〉の僧。
English: As Fujufuse school was banned under the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the believers of this school belonged to the Nichiren sect Ju school or other sect's temples for the public (Naishin or Naishinja (inwardly-having faith)), Nissho tried to unify the school and successfully gained an official approval of the fujufuse school with an official notice of Kyobusho (the Ministry of Religion) in 1878.
Japanese: 江戸幕府のもとで禁制となっており表向きには日蓮宗受派または他宗の寺院に属していた不受不施派の信者（内信・内信者）の統一化を図り、1878年〈明治9年）教部省の達（たっし）により不受不施派の公認を得ることに成功した。
English: He obtained the residence of a doctor, Hosetsu NANBA of Aki Province (today's Okayama Prefecture) in the end of Edo period, converted it and built Myokaku-ji Temple (Okayama City), and made it the head temple.
Japanese: ついで江戸時代末期に安芸国（現在岡山県）の医者難波抱節の邸宅を手に入れ、妙覚寺(岡山市)を創建し本山とした。
English: Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben (September 16, 1669 - June 6, 1716) was a Buddhist monk of the Tendai Sect in the Edo period.
Japanese: 公辨法親王（こうべんほっしんのう、寛文9年8月21日(旧暦)（1669年9月16日）-正徳(日本)6年4月17日(旧暦)（1716年6月6日））は江戸時代の天台宗僧侶。
English: In addition to becoming Monzeki (head priest of a temple who is a member of the Imperial Family) of Bishamon-do Temple, he successively served as the head priest of Mt. Nikko (Nikko Toshogu Shrine, Rinno-ji Temple) and Mt. Toei (Kanei-ji Temple).
Japanese: 毘沙門堂門跡のほか日光山（日光東照宮、輪王寺）・東叡山（寛永寺）貫主、座主を兼任した。
English: In 1674, he became a disciple of Kokai (monk), the head priest of Izumo-ji Temple on Mt. Goho (Monzeki of Bishamon-do Temple) and vowed to follow the religious precepts.
Japanese: 延宝2年（1674年）、護法山出雲寺（毘沙門堂門跡）門主公海(僧)の室に入り受戒。
English: In 1678, he entered into the priesthood seven days after he was given the title of Imperial Prince by Imperial proclamation and his title became Cloistered Imperial Prince.
Japanese: 延宝6年（1678年）、親王宣下を受け7日後に出家得度、法親王となる。
English: The "Daishu Nihaku-dai" (two hundred problems of Tendai), which was compiled at the order of Koben, is still used today, and is seen as a precious and fundamental piece of religious literature.
Japanese: 公辨の命によって編集された『台宗二百題』は今日でも基礎文献として重用されている。
English: During 1688 and 1704, he constructed Oshitsuen (御漆園, a lacquer tree field) at Mt. Nikko for the purpose of industrial development and promoted the planting of lacquer trees.
Japanese: 元禄年間（1688年～1704年）、産業奨励のため日光山に御漆園を造営し漆の植樹をすすめる。
English: Thanks to his efforts, lacquer ware production techniques, such as Nikko carving, Momiji-nuri (lacquer ware with maple leaf patterns) and Nikko Shunkei-nuri (Shunkei-nuri (a technique of applying transparent urushi lacquer over wood grain so the natural wood pattern shows through and was reportedly invented by a 14c lacquer master named Shunkei) ware produced in Nikko), were established and lacquer ware production was commercialized.
Japanese: これにより日光彫、紅葉塗、日光春慶塗などの漆器の製造技術、産業化が確立する。
English: In response to a petition submitted by Ryoo DOKAKU, in 1703 he reconstructed kangakuryo (learning dormitory) on Mt. Toei, which had been destroyed by fire, as a Kangakukoin (a learning school) operated by bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 元禄16年（1703年）、了翁道覚の請願に応じ、焼失した東叡山勧学寮を幕府所管の勧学講院として再興する。
English: In 1714, he ordered Chishu of Gano-in Temple to compile a book of discussion and published "Daishu Nihaku-dai."
Japanese: 正徳4年（1714年）、願王院の智周に論議書の集成を命じ『台宗二百題』を刊行する。
English: According to "Tokugawa Jikki" (The official records of the Edo bakufu), Koben urged Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, then shogun, to order the Ako Roshi (lordless samurai of Ako clan) to commit seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) when the Genroku Ako Incident occurred in 1703.
Japanese: 元禄15年（1703年）に起こった元禄赤穂事件では、公辨が将軍徳川綱吉に赤穂浪士に切腹を命ずる決断を促したとする逸話が『徳川実紀』などによって伝えられている。
English: As Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben was close to Tsunayoshi because his maternal aunt was a lady-in-waiting of Nobuko TAKATSUKASA, Tsunayoshi's legal wife, Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben was in a position to be consulted by Tsunayoshi even though he was far younger than Tsunayoshi.
Japanese: 公辨法親王の母方の叔母が綱吉の正室鷹司信子の侍女だった縁から両者は親しく、公辨法親王の方が綱吉よりはるかに若年ではあったが綱吉の相談に与る立場にあった。
English: After the Incident, Tsunayoshi was worried about the punishment to be imposed on the Ako Roshi because there was a conflict of opinion among the officials in the bakufu.
Japanese: 事件後、浪士たちの処置をめぐって幕閣内で意見の対立があり綱吉は裁定に苦慮していた。
English: When Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben paid a New Year's visit to Tsunayoshi on March 17, 1703, Tsunayoshi mentioned, while chatting, that he was worried about the punishment against the Ako Roshi.
Japanese: 元禄16年（1704年）2月1日、公辨法親王が年賀のため綱吉に謁すると、綱吉は雑談の中で赤穂浪士の処断に苦慮していることを話題にした。
English: Though Tsunayoshi had already decided to order seppuku, he couldn't stop feeling that he wanted to save the lives of the Roshi.
Japanese: 綱吉はいったんは切腹を命ずる決裁を下していたが、浪士の命を惜しむ気持ちを捨てきれなかった。