nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In rural areas, as well, having the position of the provincial governor, working to revitalize the officers of the Ritsuryo system who had become mere empty figureheads, coexisting with the Protectors and jito (estate stewards), who had been part of the system of government by the samurai clans since the founding of the Kamakura bakufu, revealed the contradictions of the new government right from the beginning.
Japanese: 地方においても、形骸化していた律令制の官の復権である国司と、鎌倉幕府以来の武家による統治機構である守護・地頭の並立は、当初から新政の矛盾を示すものであった。
English: Moreover, the assessing of a new 5% tax to fund construction at the Imperial palace complex and the abrupt economic policy decisions to mint a new coinage, issue new paper notes, etc. only exacerbated the chaos facing the economy, already exhausted due to the just-ended war against the shogunate.
Japanese: また、大内裏の造営のための二十分の一税などの新税や、新貨幣鋳造、新紙幣発行などの唐突な経済政策は倒幕戦争直後の疲弊した経済の混乱に拍車をかけた。
English: The Hamaguri Rebellion (kinmon no hen) occurred on August 20, 1864 (the first year of the Genji era, July 19th in the old calendar) in the final days of the Edo period.
Japanese: 禁門の変（きんもんのへん）は、江戸時代後期の元治元年7月19日(旧暦)（1864年8月20日）に起きた事件である。
English: It is also known as the Incident at the Forbidden Gate, the Incident at the Hamaguri (Clam) Gate, the Genji Incident, and the Incident in the First Year of Genji.
Japanese: 蛤御門の変（はまぐりごもんのへん）、元治の変（げんじのへん）、元治甲子の変とも呼ばれる。
English: The reason it came to be called Hamaguri (Clam) Gate was that during the great Tenmei fire (on January 30, 1788 in the old calendar), the gate, which had until then always remained closed, was opened for the first time, and thus resembled a clam's shell opening in response to being subjected to fire.
Japanese: 蛤御門の名前の由来は、天明の大火（1788年1月30日(旧暦)）の際、それまで閉じられていた門が初めて開門されたので、焼けて口を開ける蛤に例えられた為である。
English: The Hamaguri Gate is located on the west side of the modern-day Imperial gardens in Kyoto; before the Great Tenmei fire, it was known as the Shinzaike Gate
Japanese: 蛤御門は現在の京都御苑の西側に位置し、天明の大火以前は新在家御門と呼ばれていた。
English: The Incident at the Forbidden Gate also came to be called the Hamaguri Rebellion because the fiercest fighting occurred near the Hamaguri Gate.
Japanese: 禁門の変が蛤御門の変とも呼ばれるのは、蛤御門付近が激戦区であった為である。
English: Choshu han (clan) had raised the sonno joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) slogan and begun interfering in the political situation in Kyoto; in 1863, the Aizu and Satsuma clans joined forces and on August 18 launched a coup to expel Choshu from Kyoto.
Japanese: 尊皇攘夷論を掲げて京都での政局に関わっていた長州藩は、1863年（文久3年）に会津藩と薩摩藩が協力した八月十八日の政変で京都を追放されていた。
English: The daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) of Choshu, Tadachika MORI, and his son Sadahiro MORI were ordered into house arrest in their hometown and lost their authority to lead politically, but in the capital and in Osaka, several Imperial loyalists from Choshu continued to work secretly to restore the Emperor to power.
Japanese: 藩主の毛利敬親と子の毛利定広は国許へ謹慎を命じられて政治主導権を失っており、京や大坂に密かに潜伏した数名の長州尊攘派はにわかに行動を続けていた。
English: Arriving in 1864, those in Choshu debated whether to adopt a proactive plan to march on Kyoto in a second attempt to win Emperor Komei over to the Choshu camp (at this point, the two arguing for the active advance on Kyoto were Matabe KIJIMA and Genzui KUSAKA.)
Japanese: 元治元年に入ると、孝明天皇を再び長州陣営のものとする為、京都に乗り込もうとする積極策が長州で論じられた（この時の積極的に上洛を説いたのが、来島又兵衛、久坂玄瑞。
English: When word of the July 8 Ikedaya Incident, in which the Shinsengumi forces had assassinated domainal samurai warriors, reached Choshu, the prudence faction, which included Masanosuke SUFU, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, and Samanosuke SHISHIDO, tried to calm the raging debate in the clan, but members of the activist faction, like the elders of the three clans, Echigo (Mototake) FUKUHARA, Uemonnosuke (Kanenobu) MASUDA, and Shinano (Chikasuke) KUNISHI, cunningly created a group designed to destroy Satsuma, against whom there was considerable enmity, and to that end they prepared for battle; Masuda and Gensui KUSAKA began gathering troops at Mt. Tenno and Mt. Takara in the town of Oyamazaki, while Kunishi and Matabe KIJIMA gathered troops at Saga Tenryu-ji temple, and Echigo FUKUHARA at the Choshu estate at Fushimi.
Japanese: 6月5日(旧暦)の池田屋事件で新選組に藩士を殺された変報が長州にもたらされると、慎重派の周布政之助、高杉晋作や宍戸左馬之助らは藩論の沈静化に努めるが、福原越後や益田右衛門介、国司信濃の三家老等の積極派は、討薩賊会奸を掲げて挙兵し、益田、久坂玄瑞らは大山崎町天王山、宝山に、国司、来島又兵衛らは嵯峨天龍寺に、福原越後は伏見長州屋敷に兵を集めて陣営を構える。
English: Within the Imperial Court, there was a struggle between hard-liners that wanted to destroy Choshu's military force and others who wished to appease them, while Keiki HITOTSUBASHI (later known as Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA), who served as Viceroy and Protector of the Imperial Palace, called on the soldiers to withdraw, but the Choshu soldiers clashed with various groups of samurai warriors from Aizu, Kuwana, and Satsuma clans near Kyoto's Hamaguri Gate (in the Kamigyo ward of modern-day Kyoto); but the forces of Choshu, chanting their Revere the Emperor slogan, were annihilated, and Matabe KIJIMA, Gensui KUSAKA, and Chusaburo TERAJIMA were among those who died in battle.
Japanese: 朝廷内部では長州勢の駆逐を求める強硬派と宥和派が対立し、禁裏御守衛総督を勤める一橋慶喜（徳川慶喜）は退兵を呼びかけるが、京都蛤御門（京都市上京区）付近で長州藩兵が、会津・桑名藩・薩摩各藩の諸隊と衝突、尊皇攘夷を唱える長州勢は壊滅、来島又兵衛、久坂玄瑞、寺島忠三郎らは戦死した。
English: At that time, the daimyo of Aizu, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, who was charged with the defense of Kyoto, had started cooperating with the Satsuma clan, and set up a system to oppress the radical loyalist faction in Choshu.
Japanese: 当時、京都守護職であった会津藩主・松平容保は薩摩藩と連携して、長州の尊攘急進派を弾圧する体制を整えていたのである。
English: Using the fact that the Choshu loyalists dared to fire their guns in the direction of the Imperial palace during the Hamaguri rebellion as a pretext, the Tokugawa shogunate labeled Choshu domain an official enemy of the Court, and as such launched the First Punitive Expedition against them.
Japanese: 禁門の変に於いて長州藩兵が御所へ向けて発砲した事等を理由に幕府は長州藩を朝敵として、第一次長州征伐を行う。
English: After the battle, the Choshu forces, who managed to escape, set fire to the Choshu estate in Kyoto and fled, while the Aizu forces attacked an estate near the Nakadachiuri Gate, thought to be where Choshu soldiers were hiding.
Japanese: 戦闘の後、落ち延びる長州勢は長州藩屋敷に火を放ち逃走、会津勢も長州藩士の隠れているとされた中立売御門付近の家屋を攻撃した。
English: Because of the flames rising from these two places the neighborhoods and the entire city of Kyoto were struck by the great fire known as the 'don-don yake' (quick quick burning), in which everything between Ichijo avenue on the north all the way to the Main Mausoleum of the Shin (Pure Land) Sect (which refers to Higashi Hongan-ji temple) on Shichijo avenue to the south, a wide swath of land and many temples and shrines, were destroyed by fire.
Japanese: この二箇所から上がった火で京都市街は「どんどん焼け」と呼ばれる大火に見舞われ、北は一条通から南は七条の真宗本廟に至る広い範囲の街区や社寺が焼失した。
English: The Third Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3, the Third Session of the Conference of the Parties) held on December in 1997 by the United Nations in the Kyoto International Conference Center (Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture), was an international conference of which the main object was to reach an international consensus on regulations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases,
Japanese: 第3回気候変動枠組条約締約国会議（だい3かいきこうへんどうわくぐみじょうやくていやくこくかいぎ）は、1997年12月に国際連合により国立京都国際会館（京都府京都市）で開催された、温室効果ガス排出規制に関する国際的な合意形成を主な目的とした国際会議である。
English: It was the third session of the Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) which had been held each year since the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change came into effect, and is also commonly referred to as the Kyoto Conference, the Kyoto Conference to stop global warming, and the COP3.
Japanese: 気候変動枠組条約の発効以来、毎年開かれている気候変動枠組条約締約国会議(COP)(COP)の第3回目の会合であり、通称、京都会議、地球温暖化防止京都会議、COP3（コップスリー）とも呼ばれる。
English: In the COP3, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted to impose regulations on the emission of greenhouse gases by industrialized countries.
Japanese: この会議において、先進国に温室効果ガス排出規制を課す京都議定書が採択された。
English: The name of the era was changed in March 18, 1558 due to the ascension of Emperor Ogimachi
Japanese: 弘治4年2月28日(旧暦)（ユリウス暦1558年3月18日）正親町天皇即位のため改元
English: In May 27, 1570 the name of the era was changed to Genki.
Japanese: 永禄13年4月23日(旧暦)（ユリウス暦1570年5月27日）元亀に改元
English: 1562: The Kokujins of Hoki no kuni such as the Nanjo and Yukimatsu clans, recovered their previous lands thanks to the support of the Mori clan.
Japanese: 5年夏（1562年）-毛利氏の支援により南条氏・行松氏ら伯耆国国人衆、旧領を回復する
English: 1563: The Shugo group of Inaba-no-kuni lead by Toyokazu YAMANA lose to the military strength of Takanobu TAKEDA at the Battle of Yutokoroguchi.
Japanese: 6年4月3日(旧暦)（1563年）-湯所口の戦いで山名豊数率いる因幡国守護勢が武田高信の軍勢に敗れる
English: The Tokyo Tento is when Edo was designated as Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 東京奠都（とうきょうてんと）は、明治維新のとき江戸が東京とされたこと。
English: During this period, transfer of the capital was avoided, and this was referred to as Tento (established as the capital) or a system of multi-capitals.
Japanese: このとき都を移す遷都を避け、京都との複都制とされたため奠都（都を定めること）と称される。
English: Following the relocation of the government (Dajokan) to Tokyo, the Emperor's second visit to Tokyo was sometimes referred to as 'the actual relocation of the capital to Tokyo.'
Japanese: また、天皇の2度目の東幸に伴ない政府（太政官）が東京に移されたことを「事実上の東京遷都」と言うこともある。
English: During the end of the Edo period Kyoto was the center of government due to the return of political power to the emperor and restoration of monarchy (Japanese), but there were calls from within the new emperor's government for capital relocation.
Japanese: 幕末の京都は、大政奉還や王政復古(日本)により、政治の中心地となっていったが、京都の新政府内部から、新たに天皇親政を行なうにあたって遷都を行おうという声があがっていた。
English: However, at this point the state of Edo was still not stable, and Osaka was recognized as being one of the main areas of concern.
Japanese: しかし、この時点では江戸の情勢が未だ安定しておらず、主に大坂がその地として意識されていた。
English: Directly after the battle of Toba and Fushimi on February 10, 1868, Sanyo and Toshimichi OKUBO regarding the presidency and Imperial Prince Taruhito, Arisugawa-no-miya, advocated that the emperor make a pilgrimage to Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine, and then go to Osaka where he would continue to reside.
Japanese: 鳥羽・伏見の戦い直後の明治元年（慶応4年）1月17日（1868年2月10日）、参与・大久保利通は、総裁・有栖川宮熾仁親王に対して、天皇が石清水八幡宮に参詣し、続いて大坂行幸を行なって、その後も引き続き大坂に滞在することを提言した。
English: Because of this the Imperial court decided to part with conventional ways and move ahead with diplomatic ties, while improving the navy and army.
Japanese: これにより、朝廷の旧習を一新して外交を進め、海軍や陸軍を整えることを図るとする。
English: The Naniwa-sento (Transferring of the national capital to Osaka) petition was also submitted during the Daijokan council on January 23, of the same year.
Japanese: さらに同年1月23日には、太政官の会議において浪華遷都（大坂遷都）の建白書を提出するに至った。
English: However, if the capital was to be moved, Kyoto, the capital of 1000 years would have to be abandoned, and the proposal met strong opposition from the noble the conservative nobles, eventually being repealed on January 26, of the same year.
Japanese: しかし、遷都を行えば千年の都である京都を放棄することとなるとして、これに抵抗の大きい公卿ら保守派の激しい反対を受け、同年1月26日に廃案となった。
English: Okubo continued by going through the vice-president and Tomomi IWAKURA by making an easily acceptable proposal to the conservatives where the emperor would be punitively expedited to Osaka momentarily, and this proposal was settled on January 29, 1868.
Japanese: 続いて大久保は、副総裁・岩倉具視を通して、保守派にも受け入れられやすい親征のための一時的な大坂行幸を提案し、同年1月29日これが決定した。
English: Voices of opposition grew from the nobles, imperial court and citizens of Kyoto after the Osaka Gyoko worried that it would lead to a transfer of the capital.
Japanese: 大坂行幸の発表により、これが遷都に繋がるのではないかと捉えた公家や宮中・京都市民から、反対の声が高まった。
English: The vice president, Sanetomi Sanjo and 1,655 others arrived at Tsumura-Betsuin, Hongan-ji Temple on March 23, 1868, and made it the Anzaisho (provisional palace for Gyoko).
Japanese: 副総裁・三条実美ら1,655人をともない、同年3月23日に大坂の本願寺津村別院に到着、ここを行在所とした。
English: The emperor viewed the war vessels from Mt. Tenpo and after being in Osaka no less than 40 days went back home on April 8.
Japanese: 天皇は天保山で軍艦を観覧するなどして、40日余りの大坂滞在の後、同年閏4月8日京都に還幸した。
English: During this time an argument for transferring the capital to Edo was received from Hisaka MAEJIMA to Okubo who believed that more important than transferring the capital to Naniwa (Osaka), which was not in danger of decline, the capital should be transferred to Edo, one of the largest cities, because if it wasn't made the imperial capital the citizens would break up and Edo would crumble.
Japanese: この間、遷都しなくても衰退の心配がない浪華（大坂）よりも、世界の大都市のひとつであり、帝都にしなければ市民が離散してさびれてしまう江戸のほうに遷都すべきだとする前島密による「江戸遷都論」が大久保に届けられた。
English: During April 11 the same year, events like the opening of Edo castle, that went off without a hitch, grabbed attention from Osaka to Edo.
Japanese: 同年4月11日には江戸城が無傷で開城されるなど、注目が大坂から江戸に移っていった。
English: On April 1, 1868, Takato OKI (Gunmukan Hanji (officer of Gunmukan Ministry)) and Shinpei ETO (army supervisor for Tosei-daitokufu) submitted a Kyoto and Tokyo petition to Iwakura as an Argument for the Saga clan.
Japanese: 明治元年（1868年）閏4月1日、大木喬任（軍務官判事）と江藤新平（東征大総督府監軍）が、佐賀藩論として「東西両都」の建白書を岩倉に提出した。
English: This was to fix Eastern Japan, where 1000 years of virtue did not reach, by making Tokyo Edo, and it was important to gather popular minds, which would eventually connect both capitals of Tokyo and Kyoto by rail.
Japanese: これは、数千年王化の行き届かない東日本を治めるため江戸を東京とし、ここを拠点にして人心を捉えることが重要であるとし、ゆくゆくは東京と京都の東西両京を鉄道で結ぶというものだった。
English: This idea was the same as the 'Osaka Gyoko' plan proposed by Okubo, and because the capital was not transferred it was a proposal that the conservatives could take in comparatively easily.
Japanese: この意見も大久保が提案した「大坂行幸」と同じく、遷都ではないため保守派にも比較的受け入れられやすい案であった。
English: The concept of placing the imperial palace in Edo and making it Tokyo was a plan that appeared in the Keiseika (intellectuals) that Nobuhiro SATO wrote in 1823, during the last of the Edo period titled "The Secret Merger Plan," and it is said that Toshimichi OKUBO was influenced by this and advocated moving the capital to Tokyo.
Japanese: 江戸に皇居を置き東京とするという構想は、江戸時代後期の経世家である佐藤信淵が文政6年（1823年）に著した『混同秘策』に既に現われており、これに影響を受けて大久保利通も東京奠都を建言したという。
English: In May 24, 1868, when it was decided that the Tokugawa clan would transfer 700,000 koku from Edo to Sunpu, the Oki and Eto draft for Kyoto and Tokyo to be the capital was decided upon, and on June 19 the government surveyed Sanyo, Takayoshi KIDO, and Oki about whether Edo was appropriate for the Imperial capital.
Japanese: 明治元年（1868年）5月24日、徳川氏が江戸から駿府70万石に移されることが決まると、大木・江藤の東西両都案も決され、政府は同年6月19日、参与・木戸孝允と大木に江戸が帝都として適しているかの調査にあたらせた。
English: Two of these men went to Kyoto on July 7 after discussions with Arisugawa no miya, Sanjo, Okubo, Eto and others, and reported that it was possible to transfer the capital.
Japanese: 2人は有栖川宮・三条・大久保・江藤らと協議の上、同年7月7日に京都へ戻り、奠都が可能であることを報告した。
English: After this, an imperial edict that Edo be renamed Tokyo was issued on July 17.
Japanese: これを受けて同年7月17日、江戸ヲ称シテ東京ト為スノ詔書が発せられた。
English: In the edict the emperor announced that the name of Edo was changed to Tokyo so that he could watch both east and west together as families and because Edo was the largest city and the most strategic spot in the east and that he would conduct government business from there.
Japanese: この詔書では、天皇が日本をひとつの家族として東西を同視するとし、江戸が東国で第一の大都市・要所であるため天皇がここで政治をみることと、そのために江戸を東京と称することが発表された。
English: Although the transfer of the capital to Tokyo was not made entirely clear due to concerns about the conservatives and Kyoto citizens, Tokyo was born just as proposed.
Japanese: 保守派や京都市民への配慮から、東京奠都を明確にはしなかったものの、東西両都の方針通り東京が誕生した。
English: The emperor performed the enthronement ceremony on August 27, 1868, which was delayed because of strong political unrest, and left Kyoto for Tokyo on September 20.
Japanese: 天皇は明治元年（1868年）8月27日、政情の激しい移り変わりにより遅れていた即位の礼を執り行ない、同年9月20日に京都を出発して、東京に行幸した（東幸）。
English: In the company of Iwakura, the Gitei Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, the governor of foreign affairs, Munenari DATE, and others, along with the army of the four clans of Choshu, Tosa, Bizen, and Ozu, a total of 3,300 people visited Tokyo.
Japanese: 岩倉、議定・中山忠能、外国官知事・伊達宗城らをともない、警護の長州藩、土佐藩、備前藩、大洲藩の4藩の兵隊を含め、その総数は3,300人にも及んだ。
English: The emperor arrived at Edo castle on October 13, 1868 and that was then renamed Tokyo castle and recognized as the east imperial castle.
Japanese: 天皇は同年10月13日に江戸城へ到着、江戸城はその日のうちに東幸の皇居と定められ東京城と改称された。
English: Then on October 17, the emperor declared that he, himself, would decide the total government for the imperial country about to be unified, and east and west to be identified.
Japanese: 続いて同年10月17日には、天皇が皇国一体・東西同視のもと内外の政を自ら裁決することを宣言する詔を発した。
English: After going to the east the emperor was to return to Kyoto, but Sanjo submitted a report to hold off an early visit to Kyoto due to the fact that a quick return would dishearten the people of Kanto.
Japanese: 東幸に続いて京都への還幸となったが、この還幸にあたって三条は独り賛成せず、今すぐに京都に戻れば関東の人心を失するとして早々の還幸を牽制する意見書を提出した。
English: Sanjo compared the advantages and disadvantages from the dismay of the people of Kyoto and Osaka who had received the emperor's kind blessings for over a thousand years, and the animosity and despair that the people of Kanto who had received over the 300 years of favors from the Tokugawa clan, and said that the world would not be lost if Kyoto or Osaka was lost due to the geographically superior Tokyo because the destiny of the country and the rise and fall of Kyoto and Osaka fell upon the hearts of those in Kanto.
Japanese: 三条はこの中で、天皇に数千年も親しく恵みを受けてきた京都・大坂の人々の動揺と、徳川氏に300年恩恵を受けてきた関東の人々に恨みや失望を与えることの利害得失を比べ、関東の人心に京都・大坂の盛衰や国の興廃がかかっているのであり、京都・大坂を失っても地勢に優れる東京を失わなければ天下を失うことはないと述べた。
English: The day for the emperor to return home was delayed due to Sanjo's opinion, but Iwakura believed that it was necessary to hold the third anniversary of the late emperor Komei and a ceremony to define the empress, and the emperor left for Kyoto on December 8, arriving on December 22, 1868.
Japanese: 三条の意見により還幸の日が延びていたが、先帝（孝明天皇）の三年祭と立后の礼を行なう必要があるという岩倉の意見もあり、明治元年（1868年）12月8日、天皇はひとまず京都に還幸し同年12月22日に到着した。
English: So as not worry the citizens of Tokyo, it was announced that the emperor would return to Tokyo and the imperial palace would be built on the remains of the old castle keep.
Japanese: この還幸にあたり、東京市民に不安を与えないよう再び東京に行幸することと、旧本丸跡に宮殿を造営することが発表された。
English: Before the second return of the emperor to Tokyo on January 25, 1869, Iwakura believed that there were many in the government including civilians who thought of the move as a capital transition without understanding the true intentions of the emperor, and from the agitation of those in Kyoto and Osaka, held out a proposition of an expostulation edict to let everyone know the reason why the emperor was returning again to set up a new government in Kanto where his influential virtue had not been delivered in the past.
Japanese: 明治2年（1869年）1月25日、東京への再度の行幸を前に岩倉は、天皇の意向を知らずに政府や民間で遷都があるかのように思っている者が少なからずいるために、京都や大坂の人々の動揺が大きくなっているとし、関東諸国は王化が行き届いていないため新政を施すための再幸である旨を十分に分からせるための諭令を出すよう求める建議を行なった。
English: It was also taken into account that there were those inside the government praising the capital transition theory, but a transition that had no basis in the mind of the emperor, was not going to be approved by having retainers praise it.
Japanese: また、政府内でも遷都論を唱えるものがいるとし、天皇の考えによる遷鼎（遷都）の沙汰もなく、臣下の身でこれを唱えることは決して承知しないと遷都論に釘をさした。
English: With the decision to hold the Daijosai in the winter, the emperor returned the following March to Tokyo and on March 7, returned to Tokyo with Sanjo and others (2nd time going east.)
Japanese: 同年3月7日、翌年の3月には京都に戻り冬に大嘗祭を行なうこととして、三条らを従えて再び東京への行幸が行われた（2度目の東幸、再幸）。
English: The emperor entered Tokyo castle on March 28, and renamed the castle the imperial palace so that he could live there.
Japanese: 天皇が同年3月28日東京城に入り、ここに滞在するため東京城を「皇城」と称することとされた。
English: This time when the 'Emperor was located in Tokyo', the Daijokan was transferred to Tokyo, and Rusukan was established in Kyoto.
Japanese: このとき「天皇の東京滞在中」とした上で太政官が東京に移され、京都には留守官が設置された。
English: Every time the Emperor and empress left for Tokyo, there were calls in opposition and cancellations by the nobles, domain lords, government officials, and citizens in Kyoto, and the government issued a statement saying 'The emperor will be visiting all around, and there is nothing to worry about because Kyoto is the imperial palace of 1000 years which is still very important.' in the "Official Notice" that was released from the Kyoto government and was able to calm everyone's hearts.
Japanese: 天皇・皇后の東京への行幸啓のたびに、公卿・諸藩主・京都の政府役人・京都市民などから行幸啓の中止・反対の声があがり、政府は「これからも四方へ天皇陛下の行幸があるだろうが、京都は千有余年の帝城で大切に思っておられるから心配はいらない」とする諭告（『告諭大意』）を京都府から出させ、人心の動揺を鎮めることに努めた。
English: There were also plans made for the transfer of the capital to Nagoya during these situations when there was turmoil from the opposition against visiting Tokyo.
Japanese: 東京再幸の反対運動の騒動の際には、ときの情勢に乗じて名古屋遷都を画策するものまで現われた。
English: The old imperial palace was left in Kyoto, and the branch offices and Kyoto Rusu, such as the Gyobu Ministry (military government administration), Ministry of Finance, and Hyobusho were all abandoned by 1871, and the administrative organizations of Japan vanished.H78
Japanese: 京都では京都御所を後に残して、明治4年（1871年）までに刑部省・大蔵省・兵部省などの京都留守・出張所が次々に廃され、日本の行政機関が消えていった。
English: The Rusukan was moved from Kyoto Prefecture to the imperial court by May of 1870, where it was combined with the Imperial Household Ministry in December, then removed in August 23, 1871, and then all of the capital organizations were moved to Tokyo.
Japanese: また留守官は明治3年5月に京都府から宮中に移され、同年12月に京都の宮内省に合併、明治4年（1871年）8月23日には廃され、東京への首都機能の移転が行われた。
English: On March 14, 1870, it was announced to the citizens of Kyoto that the emperor's return to Kyoto would be delayed citing the suppression of Tohoku which had not been taken over yet, bad harvest, and the lack of national funds.
Japanese: 明治3年（1870年）3月14日、東北の平定が未だに行き届かないこと、諸国の凶作、国費の欠乏など諸々の理由で京都への還幸を延期することが京都市民に発表された｡
English: It was announced in March 1871 that the Daijosai would be held in Tokyo, which was held on November 17, 1871.
Japanese: 翌明治4年（1871年）3月になって、結局大嘗祭は東京で行うことが発表され、同年11月17日に東京で行なわれた。
English: The center of government returned once again to the land of Tokyo which became Edo.
Japanese: こうして京都を都として残す形をとりつつ、江戸も東京として新たに都とされ、政治の中心地が東京となった江戸の地に再び戻ることとなった。
English: June 1872: When the emperor stopped in Kyoto he was viewed as that he was visiting Kyoto and not returning home.
Japanese: 明治5年5月（1872年6月）-天皇が京都に立ち寄る際、「還幸」ではなく「行幸」とされる。
English: February 1877: The emperor orders the preservation and maintenance of the old imperial palace in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1877年（明治10年）2月-天皇が京都の皇居（京都御所）の保存・旧観維持を指示。
English: 1889: It was ruled in the Imperial House Act that the 'Sokui no rei (enthronement ceremony)' and 'Daijosai' would be held in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1889年（明治22年）-旧皇室典範で「即位の礼」と「大嘗祭」は京都で行うと規定。
English: 1909: The Saiden (rice fields for cultivating rice plants for deities) where the Daijosai is held, names were changed from east and south areas to Yuki and west and north areas to Suki in the Tokyoku-rei (former Imperial House Law) (Abolished in 1947)
Japanese: 1909年（明治42年）-登極令（昭和22年廃止）で大嘗祭の斎田は京都以東・以南を悠紀、以西・以北を主基の地方とされる。
English: 1947: The Imperial Household Act plainly states that the Sokui no rei (enthronement ceremony) will be performed, and there is no provision for the Daijosai or place for it.
Japanese: 1947年（昭和22年）-皇室典範で単に「即位の礼を行う」とし、大嘗祭と場所は規定されなかった。
English: 1948: The name Miyagi in Tokyo was abolished and was then called the imperial palace.
Japanese: 1948年（昭和23年）-東京の「宮城」の名称が廃され皇居と呼ばれる。
English: The Kyoto Shugoshoku (literally, "office of the protector of Kyoto") was an important post in the Edo bakufu that was newly created at the end of the Edo period; it was one of the three key posts in the bakufu, the others being the Seiji-Sosaishoku (literally, "political governor") and the Shogun-Kokenshoku (literally, "guardian of the Shogun").
Japanese: 京都守護職（きょうとしゅごしょく）は幕末に新たに設けられた江戸幕府の要職であり、政事総裁職・将軍後見職と並ぶ三役の一つ。
English: Katamori MATSUDAIRA, the feudal lord of Aizu, took up this post on September 24, 1862.
Japanese: 会津藩主・松平容保が文久2年閏8月1日(旧暦)（1862年9月24日）に就任。
English: Originally, Kyoto shoshidai and Kyoto machibugyo (Kyoto town magistrate) held the post to maintain order in the town under the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 元来、江戸幕府においては京都所司代・京都町奉行が治安維持の任についていた。