nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Shikibukyonomiya (the Highness of Ceremonial) lost his temper at last, and called his daughter and grandchildren while Higekuro was out.
Japanese: とうとう業を煮やした式部卿宮は、髭黒の留守の間に北の方と子供たちを迎えにやる。
English: The daughter (Makibashira), whom Higekuro loved, declared that she would wait for her father alone, but was taken away crying, and left a poem of farewell on the pillar in the residence.
Japanese: 一人髭黒の可愛がっていた娘（真木柱）だけは父の帰りを待つと言い張ったが、別れの歌を邸の柱に残して泣く泣く連れられていった。
English: When Higekuro later saw it, he cried, and visited the Miya's family to see her, but only his sons were given back to him.
Japanese: 後でそれを知った髭黒も涙し、宮家を訪れて対面を願ったが、返されたのは息子たちだけだった。
English: When the New Year came, Higekuro finally allowed Tamakazura, who spent her days in mourning, to serve at the Imperial palace, and she made a splendid entrance.
Japanese: 明けて新年、相変わらず塞ぎこんでいる玉鬘に髭黒もようやく出仕を許す気になり、玉鬘は華々しく参内する。
English: Emperor Reizei, who immediately visited Tamakazura, was charmed by her beauty which was even greater than he had heard, and confessed his love for her eagerly.
Japanese: 早速訪れた冷泉帝は噂以上の玉鬘の美しさに魅了されて熱心に想いを訴える。
English: Higekuro, however, got upset about it, and urged Tamakazura to leave, and took her home.
Japanese: しかし、それに慌てた髭黒は退出をせきたててそのまま玉鬘を自邸へ連れ帰ってしまった。
English: Genji, thus deprived of Tamakazura, was bitter and still attached to her, and sent her several letters.
Japanese: まんまと玉鬘を奪われた源氏は悔しさを噛みしめ、なおも未練がましく幾度か文を送った。
English: Before long, Tamakazura gave birth to a son, and after that she did not serve at the Imperial palace, staying at home as Higekuro's wife.
Japanese: やがて玉鬘は男子を出産し、その後は出仕することもなく髭黒の正室として家庭に落ち着いた。
English: However, her grandfather took her and her mother in, and would not give her away, so she lived with her insane mother even after that.
Japanese: しかし、北の方と共に引き取った祖父が手放そうとしなかったため、その後も狂気の母と暮らす。
English: Her two younger brothers, who went back to her father's, got along with their stepmother, Tamakazura, so Makibashira rather envied them.
Japanese: 父の元に帰った弟二人は継母玉鬘との仲も良好で、真木柱は却って弟たちを羨んだ。
English: Later, in the second chapter of 'Wakana' (Spring Shoots), her grandfather, Shikibukyonomiya secretly planned to marry her to Kashiwagi, but she finally became the second wife of Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya.
Japanese: その後「若菜(源氏物語)下」で祖父式部卿宮が柏木(源氏物語)との縁組を密かに志したこともあったが、結局蛍兵部卿宮の後妻となる。
English: However, she bore him a daughter (Miya no onkata), but they did not get along with each other.
Japanese: しかし宮との間に一女（宮の御方）をもうけながらも、夫婦仲はしっくりいかなかった。
English: After the death of Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya, Kobai (younger brother of Kashiwagi) began to visit her, though he was worried about being seen, and he was accused by people for a while, but before long were formally married.
Japanese: 蛍兵部卿宮の死後は、紅梅(源氏物語)（柏木の弟）が始め人目を憚って通い、一時は世間から非難されたりもしたがやがて正式に結婚し北の方となった。
English: It was also the second marriage to Dainagon (chief councilor of state), who took his two daughters with him, but they got along with each other including their daughters.
Japanese: 大納言もまた娘二人を連れての再婚であったが、夫婦仲は良好で互いの娘たちも一家睦まじかった。
English: Subsequently, she bore him a son (Taifu no Kimi), and it is said that she spent her days relatively happily.
Japanese: その後大納言との間に一男（大夫の君）をもうけて比較的幸福に過ごしたらしい。
English: She grew up to be a wise woman, who was cheerful and modern, in spite of her unhappy background, and took good care of Dainagon's eldest daughter when she entered Togu (the Crown Prince's palace). ('Kobai' - The Rose Plum)
Japanese: 不幸な生い立ちながらも明るく今風の人柄であるとされ、大納言の長女が東宮に入内した時も付き添ってよく世話をするなど、賢く生きる女性に成長した（「紅梅(源氏物語)」）。
English: In December, Emperor Reizei visited Oharano, and Tamakazura joined the party, too.
Japanese: 12月、冷泉帝の大原野行幸が行われ、玉鬘(源氏物語)も見物に参加した。
English: Tamakazura saw her father, To no Chujo (the first secretary's captain), for the first time, but she was more fascinated by the beauty of Emperor Reizei, who looked exactly like Genji.
Japanese: 初めて父頭中将の姿を見た玉鬘だったが、それ以上に源氏そっくりな冷泉帝の端麗さに見とれる。
English: Genji recommended Tamakazura's serving as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant), as if he had seen straight through her.
Japanese: そんな心中を見透かしたように、源氏は玉鬘に内侍司としての出仕を勧めた。
English: The Minister of the Palace, however, did not know the truth, and he declined, citing the illness of his mother, Omiya.
Japanese: しかし、いまだ事情を知らない内大臣は母大宮(源氏物語)の病を口実に遠慮する。
English: So Genji visited Omiya on his own initiative, and he confessed to her and the Minister of the Palace who Tamakazura was.
Japanese: そこで源氏は自ら大宮の見舞いに参上し、大宮とやってきた内大臣に玉鬘の素性を明かした。
English: The Minister of the Palace was then willing to take the role of koshi-yui, and on the day of Mogi, the father and daughter finally met each other.
Japanese: 内大臣も今度は喜んで腰結いを引き受け、裳着当日ようやく親子は対面を果たした。
English: Before long, people found out the truth, and Omi no Kimi was ridiculed more than ever because she envied Tamakazura, who was beloved by all.
Japanese: やがて事の次第が世間にも漏れ、近江の君は玉鬘ばかりが誰からも大切にされるのを羨んで、ますます周囲にからかわれた。
English: The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem that Yugiri composed: 'I am thoroughwort laden with dew and in the same field as you are; Please have pity on me.'
Japanese: 巻名は夕霧(源氏物語)が詠んだ和歌「同じ野の露にやつるる藤袴あはれはかけよかことばかりも」に因む。
English: Omiya passed away, and Tamakazura, who had been appointed to Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant), was in mourning for her grandmother, and was worried about entering the service.
Japanese: 大宮(源氏物語)が亡くなり、内侍司に任命された玉鬘(源氏物語)は孫として喪に服しながら、出仕を思い悩んでいた。
English: Then Yugiri appeared as a messenger for his father, Hikaru Genji, and he offered thoroughwort flowers to her on the pretext of kinship, confessing his secret love for her, but she did not take him seriously.
Japanese: そこへ夕霧が父光源氏の使いで訪れ、従兄弟の縁に事寄せフジバカマの花を差し出しつつ、秘めていた想いを訴えたが、玉鬘は取り合わない。
English: Yugiri came back to Genji, and tenaciously questioned him about what he really intended to do with Tamakazura, saying that there was a rumor that he would take her as one of his concubines.
Japanese: 源氏のところに戻った夕霧は、世間では源氏が玉鬘を側室の一人にするつもりだと噂していると言って、その真意を鋭く追求した。
English: Her suitors would not give up, though, and sent letters; Higekuro and Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya were especially infatuated with her.
Japanese: 求婚者たちからは諦めきれない文が届き、とりわけ髭黒や蛍兵部卿宮は熱心だった。
English: The title of this chapter was derived from saibara (a genre of Heian-period Japanese court music primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies) which Ben no shosho (the second son of To no Chujo, the first secretary's captain, later known as Kobai) sang.
Japanese: 巻名は宴の席で弁少将（頭中将の次男、後の紅梅(源氏物語)）が歌った催馬楽に因む。
English: Genji hurried to prepare for young lady Akashi's Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls), which was timed to coincide with Kinjo no Mikado's coming of age ceremony.
Japanese: 今上帝(源氏物語)の元服に合わせ、源氏も明石の姫君の裳着の支度を急いでいた。
English: Genji asked his women to mix incense, and on a rainy day of February 10, he invited Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya to judge an incense competition.
Japanese: 源氏は女君たちに薫物の調合を依頼し、雨の少し降った2月10日、蛍兵部卿宮を迎えて薫物合わせの判者をさせる。
English: Every incense smelled so wonderful that even Hotaru no Miya could not decide which was better.
Japanese: どの薫物も皆それぞれに素晴らしく、さすがの蛍宮も優劣を定めかねるほどだった。
English: Togu (the Crown Prince) was also looking forward to her coming, but Genji knew that other Kugyo (top court officials) hesitated to send their daughters to the kokyu (Empress's residence), so he postponed her entrance.
Japanese: 東宮も入内を待ちかねていたが、源氏は他の公卿たちが遠慮して娘を後宮に入れることをためらっていると知り、敢えて入内を遅らせる。
English: Genji settled her in Shigeisha (The Paulownia), and asked various people to make lovely calligraphy models and to furnish lavish goods.
Japanese: 局は淑景舎（桐壺）と決め、華麗な調度類に加えて優れた名筆の手本を方々に依頼する源氏だった。
English: The Minister of the Palace, who heard the rumor, was still worried about the treatment of Kumoi no Kari.
Japanese: そんな噂を聞きながら、内大臣は雲居の雁の処遇に相変わらず悩んでいた。
English: Genji was also anxious about Yugiri, who had difficulty getting married, and encouraged him indirectly to marry another woman.
Japanese: 源氏も夕霧(源氏物語)がなかなか身を固めないことを案じ、それとなく他の縁談を勧める。
English: Kumoi no Kari, who heard about it, was shocked and felt resentment at the indifference of Yugiri, who did not tell her anything.
Japanese: その噂を耳にした雲居の雁は衝撃を受け、何も言わない夕霧の冷淡さを恨んでいた。
English: Kingyoku Wakashu is a personal collection of poetry written in the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 金玉和歌集（きんぎょくわかしゅう）は、平安時代中期に書かれた私撰の和歌集。
English: However, there was no title as 'a student of Japanese poetry' in Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system), and it was actually FUJIWARA no Kinto who used a changed name.
Japanese: 大学寮には「倭歌得業生」なる称号は存在せず、実際には藤原公任が変名を用いたものである。
English: It is supposed to have been compiled from 1007 to 1011.
Japanese: 寛弘4年（1007年）から同8年（1011年）に編纂されたと推定されている。
English: According to the preface of "Goshui Wakashu" (4th imperial anthology), Kinto described the origin of the title as 'I chose the best of best poets in the past and now, and named it as a collection of gold gems.'
Japanese: 『後拾遺和歌集』序によれば、公任が「今も古も優れたる中にすぐれたる歌を書き出して黄金（こがね）の玉の集となる名づけたる」と題名の由来を解説している。
English: Among many waka from "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) to the present (Kanko era), total 78 poets are recorded in three parts: 39 poets in four seasons (spring: 22, summer: 2, autumn: 7, and winter: 8), 7 poets in love, and 32 poets in misc (there are books that contain 69 poets or 76 poets).
Japanese: 『万葉集』から現在（寛弘期）までの和歌のうち、四季39首（うち、春22・夏2・秋7・冬8）・恋7首・雑32首の3部構成で計78首が採録されている（ただし、69首本・76首本もある）。
English: Among kajin (waka poet), KI no Tsurayuki has the most poets (eight), followed by OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune and Ise (Poetess).
Japanese: 歌人別では紀貫之の8首が最多で、以後凡河内躬恒、伊勢(歌人)が後に続いている。
English: "Mumyosho" was a karon sho (a document of theory and criticism about classic Japanese poems) in the Kamakura period written by KAMO no Chomei.
Japanese: 『無名抄』（むみょうしょう）は、鴨長明による鎌倉時代の歌論書（和歌に関する理論および評論の書）。
English: The exact year when it was established is unknown, but it is considered to have been established after November 1211 and before 1216, when KAMO no Chomei died.
Japanese: 正確な成立年は不詳であるが、建暦元年（1211年）10月以降、鴨長明没の1216年までに成立したと考えられている。
English: There are more than six versions, and their differences derive from addition in later period.
Japanese: 6種類以上の諸本が存在するが、その違いは後の人による付加部分の違いに由来する。
English: For treatise on waka poetry, it describes theories of Yugen (the subtle and profound), Daiei (poetry composed on a set theme), and technique such as Honkatori (writing poems quoted parts of old poems).
Japanese: 歌論としては、幽玄論、題詠論、本歌取りなどの技術論などを記述している。
English: Other than these, it contains various descriptions including anecdotes of forefathers and comments on kajin of the same period, and has essay-like style.
Japanese: そのほかにも、先人の逸話や同時代の歌人に対する論評など多岐にわたる内容を持ち、随筆風な記述である。
English: Honkatori is a technique used to create waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) in the study of Japanese poems to take in one or two phrases of old and famous poem (the original) to create a new poem.
Japanese: 本歌取（ほんかとり）とは、歌学における和歌の作成技法の1つで、有名な古歌（本歌）の1句もしくは2句を自作に取り入れて作歌を行う方法。
English: This technique was used to give depth by using the original as a background and to make the expressive effect multilayered.
Japanese: 主に本歌を背景として用いることで奥行きを与えて表現効果の重層化を図る際に用いた。
English: As it is clear if you compare these two poems, Tsurayuki adopted the first and second phrases of Nukata no Okimi's poem and created the third and the rest by himself.
Japanese: この、2作品を比較すれば明らかなように、貫之は額田王の第1句・第2句をそのまま採用して第3句以後を自作としている。
English: FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke of Rokujo Toke (the Rokujo Fujiwara family) made critical assessment as 'stealing old poems.'
Japanese: 六条藤家の藤原清輔はこれを「盗古歌」（こかをとる）ものとして批判的に評価した。
English: FUJIWARA no Teika, a child of Toshinari, summarized the principle of honkatori as follows in "Kindai shuka" (Superior poems of our time) and "Eiga taigai" (Essentials of Poetic Composition):
Japanese: 俊成の子・藤原定家は、『近代秀歌』・『詠歌大概』において、本歌取の原則を以下のようにまとめている。
English: Except famous poets' poems that are evaluated as excellent, it is allowed to use the first two phrases including Makura word (Poetic epithet convention) or jokotoba (a preface word) of the original.
Japanese: 著名歌人の秀句と評される歌を除いて、枕詞・序詞を含む初2句を本歌をそのまま用いるのは許容される。
English: The original should be taken from Sandaishu (three major collections of Japanese poetry; Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry, Later Collection of Japanese Poetry and Collection of Japanese poetry compiled by imperial command), "Ise Monogatari" (The Tales of Ise), or "Sanjurokunin kashu" (Thirty-Six Anthologies), not from recent poetry (from the view point of Teika).
Japanese: 本歌として採用するのは、三代集・『伊勢物語』・『三十六人家集』から採るものとし、（定家から見て）近代詩は採用しない。
English: Rokkashu are the six great private collections of poetry in the age of Shinkokin (Wakashu) (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
Japanese: 六家集（ろっかしゅう）とは、新古今時代の優れた六つの私家集のことである。
English: More specifically, they are "Choushu Eiso" by FUJIWARA no Toshinari, "Sankashu" by Saigyo, "Akishino gesseishu" by Yoshitsune KUJO, "Shuiguso" by FUJIWARA no Teika, "Minishu" by FUJIWARA no Ietaka (Junii (Junior Second Rank)), and "Shugyoku-shu" by Jien.
Japanese: すなわち、藤原俊成の長秋詠藻・西行の山家集・九条良経の秋篠月清集・藤原定家の拾遺愚草・藤原家隆(従二位)の壬二集・慈円の拾玉集のことである。
English: Maigetsusho (The Monthly Commentary) is a treatise on waka poetry written by a kajin (waka poet) FUJIWARA no Teika in 1219.
Japanese: 毎月抄（まいげつしょう）とは、1219年（承久元年）歌人藤原定家が著した歌論書。
English: It is a style in which someone asks Teika to correct a waka, and Teika teaches him while preaching 10 types of waka rules of behavior (the ushin (sentiment with artistic sensibility) style, the Yugen (the subtle and profound) style, style with concrete meaning, balanced and harmonious style, elegant style with sense of tension and neatness, style with distinct visual depictions, intellectually artful style, style with uncommon idea, complicated and skilled style, and strong and sharp style), among which Teika especially placed importance on the ushin style.
Japanese: 形態はある人が毎月定家に和歌の添削を請い、それに対し定家が和歌の作法について10種類の有り様（有心体、幽玄な様、事の然るべき様、麗しい様、長高な様、見様、面白い様、一節ある様、濃い様、鬼拉体）を説きながら指導したもので、特に有心体を重要視したものである。
English: Shinsen Inu Tsukuba shu is a collection of haikairenga (a type of linked verse) that was made during the second half of the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 新撰犬筑波集（しんせんいぬつくばしゅう）は、室町時代後期の俳諧連歌撰集。
English: It is thought that the personal collection of Sokan YAMAZAKI was enlarged periodically in later years, and there are many variants of the collection and the contents differ among them.
Japanese: 山崎宗鑑のものに後代次々と増補されていったと考えられ、異本が多く収録内容も多様である。
English: This is the earliest collection of haikairenga after "Chikuba Kyogin shu" (Comic Song Collection), and it became famous as a pioneering collection of haikairenga in modern times.
Japanese: 俳諧連歌集としては『竹馬狂吟集』に次ぐ最初期の撰集で、近世以降、特に俳諧連歌集の祖とされ有名になった。
English: However, they were called "Haikairenga" or "Selections from Haikairenga," therefore "Inu Tsukuba shu" was not a title which was used from the beginning.
Japanese: しかし写本では『俳諧連歌』『俳諧連歌抄』と呼ばれており、『犬筑波集』は当初からの呼称ではない。
English: Inu' (literally, a dog) is a derogatory expression for Haikairenga among those favoring Renga, and "Inu Tsukuba shu" is a title which was used in contrast with a collection of renga, "Shinsen Tsukubashu" (New Selection of Renga Poetry of Tsukuba).
Japanese: 「犬」は連歌からの俳諧連歌に対する卑称で、『犬筑波集』は連歌集たる『新撰菟玖波集』に対する表現となっている。
English: It is said that haikairenga is poetry aiming at vulgar comedy written in obscene and explicit language with the intention of criticism on renga.
Japanese: 卑俗な滑稽を狙って卑猥な表現を直接的に歌っており、連歌への反意・批判の意図が感じられるとされる。
English: "Eikyoki" is an account of war that covers the incidents ranging from the Eikyo War and Yuki War in the Muromachi period to the political circumstances in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region).
Japanese: 『永享記』（えいきょうき）は、室町時代の永享の乱・結城合戦からその後の東国情勢を描いた軍記である。
English: Confirmed by various historical materials, the contents are said to be accurate and reliable, so it has often been used for the study of history until today.
Japanese: 内容は諸史料と比較しても正確で信頼性が高いとされ、現在まで多くの歴史学研究で利用されている。
English: Both the year of completion and the author are unknown, but it was revealed that various war records concerning Eikyo War and Yuki War were based on the military record, "Kamakura Mochiujiki."
Japanese: 成立年代・作者ともに不明だが、永享の乱・結城合戦の諸軍記は全て『鎌倉持氏記』が源流にあることが明らかにされている。
English: It is considered a true record of war which was written fairly without much embellishment.
Japanese: 軍記物としては文学的な潤色も少なく全体に公平な立場から実録的に書かれている。
English: There is an account of war called "Yuki Senjoki" (the record of Yuki War), which has almost the same contents as "Eikyoki," and is considered one of the denpon (existent books of transcription and published books).
Japanese: また『永享記』とほぼ同内容の軍記に『結城戦場記』があり、伝本のひとつとも評されている。
English: Comparing "Eikyoki" with "Yuki Senjoki," the latter is regarded as a good manuscript which is closer to the original.
Japanese: 『永享記』と『結城戦場記』を比較すると、『結城戦場記』の方がより母本に近い善本とされる。
English: However, the relationship between these two records has not necessarily been established, and sometimes both names are written down together like this: 'Eikyoki (Yuki Senjoki).'
Japanese: しかし、両記間の関係は必ずしも確立しておらず「永享記（結城戦場記）」といった形で両記を併記することもある。
English: Most denpon such as "Eikyoki" and "Yuki Senjoki" began with a genealogy of the Ashikaga clan, which is followed by details of Eikyo War and Yuki War, restoration of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Takamigahara Battle in which the Yamanouchi-Uesugi clan and the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan fought during the Chokyo Rebellion, and the appearance of Soun HOJO.
Japanese: 『永享記』『結城戦場記』ともに伝本の多くは足利氏の系譜を始めに記し、永享の乱・結城合戦の顛末、鎌倉府再興、長享の乱で山内・扇谷上杉氏が戦った高見原合戦や北条早雲の登場までで構成されている。
English: However, it is pointed out that the original book consisted of 14 volumes in total ending with 'Koga Castle incidents,' and the chapters after 'Dokan OTA incidents' were probably inserted later based on "The Record of Dokan OTA."
Japanese: しかし、本来の形は「古河城事」までの全14章で「大田道灌事」以下は『太田道灌記』をもとに後から挿入された可能性が指摘されている。
English: The "Genji monogatari toshidate," also known as the "Genji monogatari toshidachi," chronologically organize the events in the world of the Tale of Genji on the basis of the age of the main character (Hikaru Genji in the first and the second part and Kaoru in the third part).
Japanese: 源氏物語年立（げんじものがたりとしだてまたはげんじものがたりとしだち）とは、源氏物語の作品世界内における出来事を主人公（第一部と第二部は光源氏・第三部は薫）の年齢を基準にして時間的に順を追って記したものをいう。
English: The Tale of Genji describes events during the reigns of four emperors, covering a period of over seventy years, but the author seldom specifies the ages of the characters in the story.
Japanese: 源氏物語においては70年余りの帝王4代にわたる出来事が描かれているが、作中で登場人物の年齢が明記されることは少ない。
English: Even the age of Hikaru Genji, the main character, is never given clearly between the 'Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court) chapter, where the author writes that 'he celebrated his attainment of manhood at the age of twelve,' and the 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves) chapter at the end of the first part, where it is written that 'the next year, he would become forty.'
Japanese: 主人公である光源氏の年齢ですらも「桐壺」巻において「十二にて御元服したまふ」と記された後は、第一部の最後である藤裏葉巻の「明けむ年、四十になりたまふ」（翌年40歳になる）という箇所まで一度も年齢が明記されることはない。
English: Therefore, Hikaru Genji's age all throughout the period between the 'Hahakigi' (The Broom Tree) chapter and the 'Fuji no Uraba' chapter was determined by guessing how many years had passed on the basis of clues in the story, such as the description of seasons, then calculating backwards from the 'Fuji no Uraba' chapter.
Japanese: そのため帚木巻から藤裏葉巻までの間の光源氏の年齢というのはすべて作品中で描かれている季節などから経過年数を推測した上で、藤裏葉巻から逆算して考察することによって明らかにされている。
English: Furthermore, it is also rare for other characters' ages to be mentioned clearly.
Japanese: さらにそれ以外の登場人物についても、その年齢が明記されることは希である。
English: It has long been said that there exists an unsolvable contradiction about the ages of characters such as Rokujo no Miyasudokoro.
Japanese: 六条御息所などは年齢に関する記述について古くからどうしても解決できない矛盾が存在するとされている。
English: In addition, the context of many of the events in the story and the intervals between them are not specified.
Japanese: また作品中で起こった出来事の前後関係や時間的な隔たりについても明記されていない事が多い。
English: As a result, not only are they unclear, they are also open to varying interpretations.
Japanese: そのため、それらが一見明らかで無いだけでなく異なった解釈が生まれる余地が存在する。
English: In addition to this ambiguity, the Tale of Genji has a complicated structure where the author does not describe events in the story in simple chronological order, but has some periods of time overlapping and omits others completely.
Japanese: そのような状況であるにも関わらず、源氏物語は作品世界の中の出来事を単純に時間を追って記しているのではなく、描かれる時間帯に重なりが存在したり、描かれていない時間帯が存在するという複雑な構造を持っている。
English: Therefore, when reading the Tale of Genji, it has been common practice to make it more understandable by arranging the events in the story with the age of the main character, Hikaru Genji, at the core.
Japanese: そのため、源氏物語を読むに当たって作品世界の中での出来事を主人公である光源氏の年齢軸にして整理することによって理解しやすくすることが広く普及している。
English: There is a lot of speculation about the chronologies, not only in separate commentaries but also in annotations in manuscripts.
Japanese: 独立した注釈書だけでなく写本の注記にも年立に関する考察は数多く記されている。
English: For instance, Hikaru Genji's age in the "rainy night's judgment" scene in the 'Hahakigi' chapter, which is considered the restarting point when counting backwards from the 'Fuji no Uraba' chapter, is seventeen years old according to the new chronologies, and sixteen if the old chronologies are followed.
Japanese: 例えば藤裏葉巻から逆算した再出発点にあたる帚木(源氏物語)での『雨夜の品定め』の場面での光源氏の年齢について、新年立では17歳、旧年立では16歳となる。
English: However, according to the notes attached to the end of the 'Hahakigi' chapter in the "Shichigo-Genji," which is a copy of the 13th century Kawachi-bon manuscript and is kept at the Higashiyama Go-bunko library, it is known that there were also theories that he was fifteen or nineteen years old.
Japanese: が、河内本系の写本である東山御文庫蔵『七毫源氏』の帚木巻巻末に付記された注釈では15歳説や19歳説があったことが知られる。
English: Kikan IKEDA says that the appearance of the 'Genji monogatari toshidate,' together with the appearance of the 'Genji monogatari kokeizu' (old genealogies on the Tale of Genji), indicates that people at that time were beginning to look at the Tale of Genji from a scholarly point of view.
Japanese: 池田亀鑑は、このような源氏物語年立が成立したことは源氏物語古系図の成立と併せて当時の人々が源氏物語に対して研究的態度で接するようになったことの現れであるとしている。
English: In a surviving fragment of the Sarashina Nikki (Sarashina Diary), which records events around 1020 or so, soon after the Tale of Genji was written, the author, SUGAWARA no Takasue, writes that his daughter read the Tale of Genji "with something called 'Fu' beside her."
Japanese: 源氏物語が成立してまもなくの1020年ころのことを記したと見られる更級日記の逸文において、著者の菅原孝標女が源氏物語を読むに当たって「譜をぐして」（「譜」と呼ばれるものを手元に置いて）源氏物語を読んだとする記録が残されている。
English: Although there are no definite records of what this so-called 'Fu' was, the following possibilities have all been put forward.
Japanese: この「譜」と呼ばれるものが何であったのかについては明確な記録は残っていないが、下記など、さまざまな可能性が推測されている。
English: Many of the old commentaries on the Tale of Genji interpreted it on the assumption that events described in each chapter simply followed the events in the previous chapter.
Japanese: 古い時代の源氏物語の注釈の中には、単純に各巻がそれぞれ一つ前の巻で描かれている出来事に続く時点の出来事を描いていることを前提にして解釈を加えているものも多く見られた。
English: However, with the start of serious scholarship on interpreting the Tale of Genji, it became clear that some periods of time are not described and that there is some 'overlap' between chapters.
Japanese: が、本格的な学問としての源氏物語の解釈が始まるとともに、源氏物語には作中に描かれていない期間が存在したり、各巻で描かれる時間帯に「重なり」が存在することが明らかになってきた。
English: Consequently, with the beginning of serious interpretation of the Tale of Genji, people began to consider the age of the characters, the contexts and intervals between the various events in the story.
Japanese: そのため、源氏物語の本格的な注釈の始まりとともに登場人物の年齢や、作中でのさまざまな出来事の前後関係や時間的な隔たりについて考察されるようになってきた。
English: Such consideration is already seen in the 'Okuiri,' which is said to be the first commentary on the Tale of Genji.
Japanese: このような考察は源氏物語の注釈書の始まりといえる「奥入」の中においてすでに見ることができる。
English: The 'Kakai-sho,' a compilation of the old commentaries, devotes a considerable number of pages to examining the chronological record.
Japanese: 古注の集成という性格を持つ「河海抄」においては年譜の考察にかなりの紙数が費やされている。
English: Kanera ICHIJO was the first person to compile such a systematic chronology covering every chapter of the Tale of Genji.
Japanese: このような源氏物語の全巻にわたる体系的な年立を初めてまとめ上げたのは一条兼良である。
English: The work, written in 1453, is called 'Genji monogatari toshidate' or 'Genji monogatari shokan toshidate'.
Japanese: 作品は1453年（享徳2年）に作られた、「源氏物語年立」または「源氏物語諸巻年立」と呼ばれるものである。