nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: By Prince Mochihito's order he raised an army, named [Mochihito's] bereaved son Prince Hokuriku who ran away from the capital and supported him; he reached Kyoto after defeating a vast force of the Heike clan at the Battle of Kurikara-toge.
Japanese: 以仁王の令旨によって挙兵、都から逃れたその遺児を北陸宮として擁護し、倶利伽羅峠の戦いで平家の大軍を破って上洛する。
English: Although he was expected to restore order in the capital that had been devastated by the long years of famine and Heike clan's violence he came to be on bad terms with Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa because of his failure to restore order, worsening food situation caused by the vast army staying in the capital and his intervention in the succession of the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: 長年の飢饉と平家の狼藉によって荒廃した都の治安回復を期待されたが、治安回復の失敗と大軍が都に居座ったことによる食糧事情の悪化、皇位継承への介入などにより後白河法皇と不和となる。
English: At the Siege of Hojujidono Temple he incarcerated the Monk-Emperor and Emperor Go-Toba and became Seii Taishogun (currently, it is widely believed to be Seito Taishogun), but 10 days later he was defeated at Awazu in Omi Province by the troops of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune sent by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 法住寺合戦に及んで法皇と後鳥羽天皇を幽閉して征夷大将軍となり（近年では征東大将軍説が有力）、その10日後に源頼朝が送った源義経の軍勢によって近江国粟津で討たれた。
English: When his grandfather MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi and his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo were each other's enemies, MINAMOTO no Yoshikata received an order from his father, Tameyoshi, to go to Kanto from his family's base in Kyoto; Yoshinaka was born in Okura Yakata mansion in Musashi Province (present-day Ranzan-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama Prefecture) as the second son of Yoshitaka.
Japanese: 祖父の源為義と伯父の源義朝が対立的関係になった時、父為義の命を受けて本拠地の京都から関東に下った源義賢の次男として武蔵国の大蔵館（現在の埼玉県比企郡嵐山町）に生まれる。
English: During the conflict between his uncle Yoshitomo and his father Yoshikata in Kanto who sided with MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, Yoshitaka was defeated by his nephew Yoshihira; with the help of Shigeyoshi HATAKEYAMA and Sanemori SAITO young Yoshinaka evacuated to Shinano Province (Nagano Prefecture) after his father's defeat, grew up under the wing of Kaneto NAKAHARA, the powerful clan in Kisodani, and went by his popular name of "Jiro KISO."
Japanese: 関東での源為義派の父義賢と、伯父の義朝の対立の過程で、父の義賢が甥の源義平に討たれた後、幼少の義仲は　畠山重能、斎藤実盛らの援助で信濃国（長野県）に逃れ、木曾谷の豪族、中原兼遠の庇護下に育ち、通称を「木曾次郎」と名乗る。
English: In 1180, Prince Mochihito (Prince Takakura, Prince Sanjo), a son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa who was against TAIRA no Kiyomori, issued an order nationwide, and Yoshinaka's uncle MINAMOTO no Yukiie urged to raise armies across the nation.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）、平清盛と対立していた後白河天皇の皇子である以仁王（高倉宮・三条宮）が全国に令旨を発し、叔父源行家が全国で挙兵を呼びかける。
English: Yoshinaka's older brother MINAMOTO no Nakaie was adopted by MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu Genji clan and held the position of Hachijo Kurodo; he joined the army of Prince Mochihito in May and died in Uji together with Yorimasa.
Japanese: 摂津源氏の源頼政が養子にしていた義仲の兄の八条蔵人源仲家は、5月の以仁王挙兵に参戦し、頼政と共に宇治で討死している。
English: In June of the following year, 1181, he defeated Sukemoto JO who invaded from Echigo Province at the Battle at Yokotagawara; he advanced to Kozuke Province (Gunma Prefecture) at one point, but proceeded to Hokuriku-do without joining MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who raised an army in Kanto area.
Japanese: 翌年の治承5年（1181年）6月、越後国から攻め込んできた城助職を信濃川横田河原の戦いで破り、一時上野国（群馬県）へ進むが、関東地方で挙兵した源頼朝とは合流せずに北陸道に進んだ。
English: Prince Mochihito's son evacuated to Hokuriku, and supporting him as Prince Hokuriku [Yoshinaka] declared his continued support of Prince Mochihito's army in 1182 and took control of Hokuriku, which was an important food source for the capital.
Japanese: 寿永元年、北陸では逃れてきた以仁王の子を北陸宮として擁護し、以仁王挙兵を継承する立場を明示し、京の重要な食料供給源である北陸を勢力圏として固めた。
English: In February 1183, MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (Saburo Senjo SHIDA), who fought against and was defeated by Yoritomo, and MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was ousted by Yoritomo, came to Yoshinaka for protection; because of this Yoritomo and Yoshinaka almost had a clash.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）2月、頼朝と敵対し敗れた源義広(志田三郎先生)と、頼朝から追い払われた源行家が義仲を頼って身を寄せ、この2人を庇護した事で頼朝と義仲は衝突寸前となる。
English: Both Yoshihiro and Yukiie were Yoshinaka's uncles and associated with Princess Akiko whom Yoshinaka's older brother served.
Japanese: 義広と行家は両名とも義仲の叔父であり、義仲の兄が仕えたあき子内親王に縁があった。
English: In " Tale of the Heike" and "Genpei Josuiki" Nobumitsu TAKEDA tried to marry off his daughter to Yoshinaka's heir MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (Shimizu no Kanja), and in revenge for being rejected he made a false accusation that Yoshinaka was trying to defeat Yoritomo by siding with the Heishi clan.
Japanese: 『平家物語』『源平盛衰記』では武田信光が娘を義仲の嫡男源義高(清水冠者)に嫁がせようとして断られた腹いせに、義仲が平氏と手を結んで頼朝を討とうとしていると讒言したとしている。
English: In March, the conflict between the two sides was temporarily settled by sending his heir Yoshitaka to Kamakura (Shimizu no Kanja) as a hostage.
Japanese: 3月に嫡子源義高(清水冠者)を人質として鎌倉に送る事で両者の対立は一応の了解がつく。
English: At Battle of Kurikara-toge at Mt. Tonami in Ecchu Province (from Oyabe City, Toyama Prefecture to Tsubata-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa Prefecture) Yoshinaka's army defeated a vast force of the Heishi clan, estimated to be a hundred thousand soldiers, led by TAIRA no Koremori; encouraged by this victory Yoshinaka's army rallied warriors en route and advanced toward Kyoto in full force.
Japanese: 5月、越中国砺波山の倶利伽羅峠の戦い（富山県小矢部市-石川県河北郡津幡町）で10万とも言われる平維盛率いる平氏の大軍を破り、勝ちに乗った義仲軍は沿道の武士たちを糾合し、怒濤の勢いで京都を目指して進軍する。
English: The rumor that Yoshinaka reached Mt. Hiei spread on July 22nd; the Heishi clan left the capital on the 25th with Emperor Antoku under their protection and fled to the West.
Japanese: 7月22日に義仲が比叡山に入ったという噂が広まり、25日に平氏は安徳天皇を擁して都を落ち、西国へ逃れた。
English: On July 27th, Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa returned to the capital guarded by Yoshitaka of Nishikibe no Kanja, a son of Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO who belonged to Yoshinaka's army.
Japanese: 7月27日、後白河法皇は義仲の軍勢に属する山本義経の子、錦部冠者義高に守護されて都に戻る。
English: In "Tale of the Heike", he described his emotion as "The white flag of the Genji clan enters the capital today for the first time in more than two decades".
Japanese: 『平家物語』では、「この20余年見られなかった源氏の白旗が、今日はじめて都に入る」とその感慨を書いている。
English: Yoshinaka entered the capital on the 28th, the following day, and went to see Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa at his palace together with Yukiie; they were ordered to search and destroy the Heishi clan.
Japanese: 義仲は翌日28日に入京、行家と共に後白河法皇の御所に参上し、平氏追討を命じられる。
English: The Monk-Emperor considered that Yoritomo had the highest degree of distinguished service, Yoshinaka the second and Yoshiie the third; he consistently positioned Yoshinaka secondary to Yoritomo and he suppressed Yoshinaka by sending a messenger to persuade Yoritomo to come to Kyoto.
Japanese: 法皇は勲功の第一を頼朝、第二が義仲、第三が行家として、あくまで義仲を頼朝の代官と位置づけ、頼朝に上洛を促す使者を送って義仲を牽制した。
English: On August 6th, more than 60 members of the Heike clan were expelled from government posts, and on the 11th, Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa appointed Yoshinaka as Samanokami and Echigo Kokushu with a rank of Ju Goi-ge, and Yukiie as Bingo Kokushu with a rank of Ju Goi-ge.
Japanese: 8月6日には平家一門の60余名が官職から追放され、11日に後白河法皇より義仲は従五位下左馬頭・越後国守、行家は従五位下備後国守に任ぜられる。
English: In "Tale of the Heike" it is said that Yoshinaka won the title of Asahi no Shogun then, and since Yoshinaka and Yukiie did not like the fact they shared their assigned territory with each other Yoshinaka was transferred to Iyo Kokushu, land related with Genji head family, and Yukiie was transferred to Bizen Kokushu; however, it was only Yukiie who showed his dissatisfaction at the difference between him and Yoshinaka, and there is no record of Yoshinaka's dissatisfaction ("Gyokuyo" Entry of August 11).
Japanese: 『平家物語』ではここで義仲が朝日の将軍という称号を得て、義仲と行家が任国を嫌ったので義仲が源氏総領家にゆかりのある伊予国守に、行家が備前国守に移されたとしているが、義仲と差があるとして不満を示したのは行家のみで、義仲が忌諱した記録は見られない（『玉葉』8月11日条）。
English: On August 14th, Yoshinaka intervened on the enthronement of the new emperor by claiming that this great achievement was due to Prince Hokuriku whom he backed up; he insisted the Imperial Court to enthrone the Prince as the emperor.
Japanese: 8月14日、義仲は新帝即位に介入し、今度の大功は自らが推戴してきた北陸宮の力であるとして、この宮を天皇として即位させるよう朝廷に執拗に申し立てた。
English: However, an opinion of a mere warrior like Yoshinaka could not be accepted, and in order to restrain Yoshinaka a few divinatory readings were performed; as a result the Imperial Court enthroned Shinomiya (Emperor Go-Toba), a son of Emperor Takakura and a brother of Emperor Antoku.
Japanese: しかし一介の武士に過ぎない義仲の意見が受け入れられるはずもなく、朝廷では義仲を制するため御占が数度行なわれた結果、8月20日に高倉天皇の皇子で安徳天皇の弟四之宮（後鳥羽天皇）を即位させた。
English: Since around that time, Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa and the aristocracy who valued tradition and formality began to dislike Yoshinaka, regarding him as a "barbarian" who had no knowledge and education.
Japanese: このあたりから伝統や格式を重んじる後白河法皇や貴族社会は知識や教養がまるでない義仲を「粗野な人物」として厭うようになっていった。
English: Unlike the Heike clan or Yoritomo who had spent his childhood in Kyoto Yoshinaka grew up in a mountain village and had no chance to encounter those things.
Japanese: 山村に育った義仲は、平家一門や子供時代を京都で過ごした頼朝とは違い、そうしたものに触れる機会が存在しなかったのである。
English: Since a vast army of warriors worn out by the military expedition stayed in Kyoto where food was extremely in short supply due to years of famine, depredations by the expeditionary force were widespread in and around the capital.
Japanese: 連年の飢饉で食糧事情が極端に悪化していた京都に、遠征で疲れ切った武士達の大軍が居座ったために遠征軍による都や周辺での略奪行為が横行する。
English: Although Yoshinaka assigned major warriors to various positions to guard the capital as soon as he arrived in Kyoto he could not control the entire army; this was because Yoshinaka happened to be the most powerful one among his army which was just a patchwork of warriors who rose in revolt in various places.
Japanese: 義仲は上洛してすぐに、主立った武士達に都を守護する配置を決めて警備に当たらせたが、元々義仲の軍勢は諸国で蜂起した武士たちの寄り合い所帯であり、その中で義仲がもっとも有力だっただけで全体の統制が出来る状態になかった。
English: Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa often ordered Yoshinaka to search and destroy the Heishi clan who had fled to the West in order to get rid of him from Kyoto.
Japanese: 後白河法皇は京都から厄介払いすることを目的として、たびたび義仲に西国へ逃れた平氏の追討を命じるようになった。
English: The Monk-Emperor urged Yoshinaka to mobilize his army by giving him a sword personally so that Yoshinaka could not disobey; he left his right hand-man Kanemitsu HIGUCHI in Kyoto in order to keep an eye on Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa and set off to Harima Province on September 20th in order to search and destroy the Heishi clan.
Japanese: 法皇は自ら義仲に刀を下賜して出陣を促し、やむなく義仲は腹心の樋口兼光を京都に残して後白河法皇を牽制しながら、9月20日に平氏追討のために播磨国へ向かって出陣した。
English: However, because the Kiso Genji army was not used to naval battles and it suffered an utter defeat by the Heishi Suigun Navy at the Battle of Mizushima in Bicchu Province (Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture).
Japanese: しかし海戦に不慣れな木曾源氏軍は、備中国の水島の戦い（岡山県倉敷市）で平氏水軍に惨敗。
English: While Yoshinaka was away fighting the battle, the Imperial Court continually urged Yoritomo to come to Kyoto, but Yoritomo rejected the invitation; Yoritomo got the Imperial Court to agree to the recognition of his reign over Eastern Japan in exchange of paying annual land taxes [to the Imperial Court] from Eastern Japan (Emperor's order in October 1183); Yoshinaka protested to this when he came back to the capital.
Japanese: 義仲の出陣中に朝廷ではしきりと頼朝の上洛を促し、頼朝はこれを断って東日本からの年貢を都まで送るかわりに、東国の支配権を認めさせており（寿永二年十月宣旨）、義仲は都に戻ってからこれに抗議している。
English: Yoshinaka, afraid of Yoritomo's menace, tried to get the Monk-Emperor's decree to search and destroy Yoritomo and also tried to go to the North with the Monk-Emperor in response to the Heishi clan's regaining strength, but all requests were rejected.
Japanese: 頼朝の脅威を恐れる義仲は、頼朝追討の院宣を得ようとしたり、平氏が勢力を盛り返したのを受けて法皇を伴って北国行きを計るも拒否される。
English: Yukiie, who was on bad terms with Yoshinaka, went to Harima Province on November 8th to search and destroy the Heishi clan, but after his immediate defeat he went into hiding and did not return to the capital.
Japanese: 義仲と不和となった行家は11月8日播磨国へ平氏追討に向かってたちまち敗れたのち、都に戻らず姿をくらませた。
English: The Monk-Emperor no longer had the intention to accept Yoshinaka, and in order to counter Yoshinaka he gathered monk warriors and Ishinage homeless wanderers by getting cooperation from Mt. Hiei and Onjo-ji Temple and had them build trenches and barriers to arm Hoju-ji Temple.
Japanese: 法皇にはもはや義仲を受け入れるつもりはなく、義仲に対抗すべく比叡山や園城寺の協力をとりつけて僧兵や石投の浮浪民などを集め、堀や柵をめぐらせ法住寺の武装化を計る。
English: Some people including the Omi Genji clan and the Settsu Genji clan belonging to Yoshinaka's camp started to take sides with the Monk-Emperor, and his camp surpassed Yoshinaka's camp in number.
Japanese: 義仲陣営の近江源氏や摂津源氏など法皇方に付く者も出てきて、数の上では義仲側を凌いだ。
English: Kanezane KUJO consistently criticized the Monk-Emperor's conduct to provoke Yoshinaka as below; "There is no way that Yoshinaka will immediately jeopardize the nation.
Japanese: 九条兼実は義仲を挑発する法皇の行為を「義仲たちまちに国家を危うくし奉る理なし。
English: The Monk-Emperor issued Yoshinaka an order to search and destroy the Heishi clan on November 7th and ordered him to leave Kyoto; Yoshinaka, watching out for Yoritomo's movement, could not accept this.
Japanese: 11月7日、法皇は義仲に再度平氏追討令を出して、京都から出て行くよう命じたが、頼朝の動きを警戒する義仲が承伏できるものではなかった。
English: However, again, on November 17th, the Monk-Emperor demanded Yoshinaka to leave Kyoto and warned him that a "search-and-destroy decree" [for Yoshinaka] would be issued if he did not accept.
Japanese: しかし11月17日、法皇は改めて義仲に京都退去を要求し、応じない場合は「追討の院宣」を下すと通告。
English: On the 18th, Emperor Go-Toba visited Hojujidono Temple; the nobles were also gathered and the decree for searching and destroying Yoshinaka was about to be issued.
Japanese: 18日には後鳥羽天皇が法住寺殿へ行幸、公卿らも参内して義仲追討の院宣が下されようとしていた。
English: On the 19th, Yoshinaka, finally boiling over, attacked and set fire on Hojujidono Temple and killed more than a hundred people including the Tendaizasu Myoun and Monk-Prince Enkei, a son of Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who were actively involved in the Monk-Emperor's induction; while naked court ladies were running away he incarcerated the Monk-Emperor and Emperor Go-Toba in the Sessho's house in Gojo Higashi no Toin and raised a cry of triumph for capturing power.
Japanese: 19日、ついに爆発した義仲は法住寺殿を襲撃して火を放ち、法皇の徴兵に積極的に関与した天台座主の明雲や後白河法皇の皇子である円恵法親王など百余人を殺害、裸形の女房らが逃げまどう中、法皇と後鳥羽天皇を五条東洞院の摂政邸に幽閉して勝ち鬨の声をあげ、政権を掌握した。
English: It is said that Yoshinaka tossed the head of Myoun, the monk of the highest rank in Tendai Shu, into the river, saying "Who cares about such a man?" ("Gukansho")
Japanese: 義仲は天台宗の最高の地位にある僧の明雲の首を「そんな者が何だ」と川に投げ捨てたという（『愚管抄』）。
English: Though the description that Yoshinaka forcibly married FUJIWARA no Ishi, a daughter of FUJIWARA no Motofusa (former Kampaku), in "Tale of the Heike" is not found in historical materials, it might have happened because Yoshinaka had close contacts with Motofusa on November 21st and 22nd.
Japanese: 『平家物語』で義仲が藤原基房（前関白）の娘藤原伊子を強引に自分の妻にしたという部分は史料にはみられないが、義仲が11月21日、22日に基房と深く接触している事から、ありえた事と思われる。
English: On December 1st, he became Mimaya betto for the Monk-Emperor, and on December 22nd, he had Moroie MATSUDONO, a son of Motofusa and only 12 years old, appointed as Naidaijin Sessho.
Japanese: 12月1日、院の御厩となり、さらに12月22日、基房の子でわずか12歳の松殿師家を内大臣摂政に任命させる。
English: On December 15th, he forced the Monk-Emperor to issue a decree for searching and destroying Yoritomo in Kamakura.
Japanese: 12月15日には法皇に強要して鎌倉の源頼朝追討の院宣を出させている。
English: On January 6th, 1184, Yoshinaka had a great deal of fear upon hearing a rumor that the troops of Kamakura crossed Sunomata-cho and entered Mino Province.
Japanese: 寿永3年（1184年）1月6日、鎌倉の軍勢が墨俣町を越えて美濃国へ入ったという噂を聞いて、義仲は大いに畏怖する。
English: On January 10th, he appointed himself as Seii Taishogun (according to "Azuma Kagami" and "Hyakurensho" historical records compiled later.
Japanese: 1月10日には自らを征夷大将軍に任命させた（後世の編纂史料『吾妻鏡』『百錬抄』による。
English: In "Gyokuyo" and "Sankai Koryo Nukigakiyo" [an excerpt from "Sankaiki"], journals from the same period, it is mentioned that he was appointed as Seii Taishogun on January 15th, which is more widely accepted now).
Japanese: 同時代の日記『玉葉』『三槐荒涼抜書要』〔『山槐記』の抄出〕では1月15日に征東大将軍就任となっており、近年ではこちらの説が有力）。
English: He kept making a peace overture with the Heishi clan in Harima Province and tried to bring the Monk-Emperor with him to the North and Omi, but he gave up on this idea.
Japanese: 播磨国の平氏との和睦工作を続け、法皇を伴って北国や近江への下向を計るが断念。
English: Yoshinaka fortified his defense in Kyoto and readied himself to fight at the outbreak of the war against Kamakura GENJI army; however, because of a string of reckless violence since the incarceration of the Monk-Emperor, the KISO Genji army ran away one by one from the face of the enemy, and Yoshinaka was defeated in the battles at Uji-gawa River and Seta.
Japanese: 義仲は京都の防備を固めて鎌倉源氏軍との開戦に及んだが、法皇幽閉にはじまる一連の暴挙のため、木曾源氏軍の兵士は次々と敵前逃亡し、宇治川や瀬田での戦いに惨敗した。
English: Yoshinaka himself also died in the battle at Awazu in Omi Province (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) on January 20th (Battle of Uji-gawa River).
Japanese: 義仲自身も1月20日、近江国粟津（滋賀県大津市）で討ち死にした（宇治川の戦い）。
English: When Yoshinaka died in the battle his heir MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (Shimizu no Kanja) was in Kamakura as the husband of Yoritomo's daughter Ohime; he tried to escape but was killed, which put an end to the Yoshinaka family.
Japanese: 義仲が戦死したとき嫡子・源義高(清水冠者)は頼朝の娘大姫の婿として鎌倉にいたが、逃亡を図って討たれ、義仲の家系は絶えた。
English: Yoshinaka's younger sister, Miyagikuhime, was in Kyoto as an adopted daughter of Masako HOJO; on May 1st, 1185, she was summoned to Kamakura by Yoritomo concerning the issue of misappropriation of a territory that used her name.
Japanese: 義仲の妹である宮菊姫は北条政子の猶子となって京都にいたが、元暦2年（1185年）5月1日、彼女の名を借りた領地横領の問題に関して頼朝から鎌倉に呼び出されている。
English: Miyagiku explained that she was not involved in the misappropriation; Yoritomo, pitying her, gave her a territory in Mino Province and ordered some of Yoshinaka's favorite Gokenin in Shinano Province to treat Miyagiku with respect ("Azuma Kagami").
Japanese: 宮菊は横領に関わりない事を弁明し、憐れんだ頼朝から美濃国の領地を与えられ、義仲恩顧の信濃国の御家人たちに宮菊を尊重するよう命が出されている（『吾妻鏡』）。
English: Yoshinaka's grave is in Asahizan Gichu-ji Temple (Baba, Otsu City, Gifu Prefecture), set up in Muromachi Period near where he died.
Japanese: 義仲の墓所は、室町時代に没地近くに開かれた朝日山義仲寺（滋賀県大津市馬場）にある。
English: Basho was deeply moved by Yoshinaka's life and he expressed his desire before his death to be buried next to Yoshinaka.
Japanese: 芭蕉はかねがね義仲の生涯に思いを寄せ、生前から義仲の隣に葬って欲しいと言っていた。
English: Also, in Tokuon-ji Temple in Hiyoshi-mura in Nagano Prefecture, Yoshinaka's mausoleum is built as well as five graves of his family members that stand next to it.
Japanese: また、長野県日義村の徳音寺には、義仲の霊廟と五基並んだ一族の墓が建立されている。
English: Today in his birthplace, Kamagata-hachimangu Shrine is built, and the spring water allegedly used for Yoshinaka's first bath is found.
Japanese: 現在は生誕地には鎌形八幡宮が建ち、義仲の産湯を汲んだとされる清水が残されている。
English: Four warlords who made a good showing under Yoshinaka, Kanehira IMAI, Kanemitsu HIGUCHI, Yukichika NENOI and Chikatada TATE are called Yoshinaka Shitenno.
Japanese: 義仲の下で活躍した、今井兼平、樋口兼光、根井行親、楯親忠の4人の武将を義仲四天王という。
English: "Though good-looking and handsome in appearance, he is a robust country boy and amusingly shameless and stubborn"
Japanese: 「眉目形はきよげにて美男なりけれども、堅固の田舎人にて、あさましく頑なにおかしかりけり」
English: "Though a fair-skinned, good-looking man, his blunt demeanor and stubborn wording are helpless" ("Genpei Josuiki")
Japanese: 「色白う眉目は好い男にて有りけれども立ち居振る舞いの無骨さ、言いたる詞続きの頑ななる事限りなし」（『源平盛衰記』）
English: In Gokoku Hachiman-jinja Shrine in Oyabe City in Toyama Prefecture, there is Yoshinaka's statue holding the reins on a horse.
Japanese: 富山県小矢部市の護国八幡神社に騎馬姿で手綱を持った義仲の銅像がある。
English: In the courtyard in "Yoshinaka Yakata" a historical museum in Hiyoshi-mura in Kiso-gun in Nagano Prefecture (present-day Kiso-machi), there stands his statue next to Tomoegozen.
Japanese: 長野県木曽郡日義村（現・木曽町）の歴史資料館「」の中庭に、巴御前と並ぶ銅像が立つ。
English: In "Shinano no Kuni" (the song of Nagano Prefecture), Yoshinaka is introduced as one of the people from the prefecture.
Japanese: 義仲は「信濃の国」（長野県歌）に、県出身者の一人として詠われている。
English: The place-name of Hiyoshi-mura in Kiso-gun where Yoshinaka grew up was named after "Asahi Shogun Yoshinaka" in 1874 (Hiyoshi-mura became Kiso-machi in November 1st, 2005 and the name has disappeared).
Japanese: また義仲が育った木曽郡日義村は、「朝日将軍義仲」に由来して1874年に命名された地名であった（日義村は2005年11月1日から木曽町となり消滅）。
English: The "Historical Procession" in Genji Festival held every April in Kawanishi City in Hyogo Prefecture, where the Seiwa Genji clan originated, has Yoshinaka in armor on a horse as well as MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, the ancestor, and successive warlords of the Seiwa Genji clan.
Japanese: 清和源氏発祥の地、兵庫県川西市で毎年4月に行われる源氏まつりの「懐古行列」では、先祖源満仲を始めとする清和源氏累代の武将達と並び騎馬武者姿の義仲が登場する。
English: A Lion Mask inscribed with the year 1598 has been handed down, which shows that it had started around that time.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）幕銘の獅子頭が伝承されており、そのころから始まっていた。
English: Its details can be found in "Iwate Prefectural Museum 2004 Traditional Performing Arts Concert/Iwate Prefecture Cultural Property Association the 57th Iwate Local Performing Arts Festival".
Japanese: 「岩手県立博物館平成16年度伝統芸能鑑賞会/岩手県文化財愛護協会第57回岩手郷土芸能祭」に詳しい。
English: Mitsuhide AKECHI was a warrior who lived in both the Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods.
Japanese: 明智光秀（あけちみつひで）は、戦国時代(日本)、安土桃山時代の武将。
English: Mitsuhide and his wife had two daughters, Nobusumi ODA's wife and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA's wife Garasha (Christian name Gracia) HOSOKAWA, and a son, Mitsuyoshi (Jugoro) AKECHI.
Japanese: 2人の間には、織田信澄室、細川忠興室細川ガラシャ（洗礼名ガラシャ）、嫡男明智光慶（十五郎）がいる。
English: There are two theories about the year of his birth, 1528 and 1526.
Japanese: 生年は享禄元年（1528年）と大永6年（1526年）の2つの説がある。
English: There are also two theories about his birthplace, putting it at Akechi-jo Castle in Akechi, Kani City, Gifu Prefecture, or at Miyama, Yamagata-shi.
Japanese: 場所は岐阜県可児市明智の明智城、山県市美山出身という2つの説がある。
English: The details of his adolescence are unclear; according to common belief, he was from the Toki clan, a constable of Mino Province, and while serving Sengoku Daimyo Dosan SAITO, he took Dosan's side in the battle between Dosan and Yoshitatsu in 1556, in which AKECHI-jo Castle was attacked, resulting in the breakup of the clan.
Japanese: 青年期の履歴は不明な点が多いが、通説によれば、美濃国の守護土岐氏の一族で、戦国大名の斎藤道三に仕えるも、弘治(日本)2年（1556年）、道三と斎藤義龍の争いの際、道三方に味方し、義龍に明智城を攻められ一族が離散したとされる。
English: In addition, interpreting "Akechi" in 'Eiroku Rokunen (1563) Syoyakunin pu' to mean Mitsuhide, some theories suggest that he had been serving Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA after leaving Mino Province until he served the Asakura clan.
Japanese: なお、『永禄六年諸役人附』に見える「明智」を光秀と解し、美濃以後朝倉氏に仕えるまでの間、足利義輝に仕えていたとする説もある。
English: When Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA escaped to Wakasa Province for Yoshizumi TAKEDA's help, and then, to Echizen Province for ASAKURA's help, Mitsuhide made contact with Yoshiaki.
Japanese: 足利義昭が姉婿の武田義統を頼り若狭国に、さらに越前国の朝倉氏に逃れると、光秀は義昭と接触をもつ。
English: It is thought that Mitsuhide's mother was Yoshizumi TAKEDA's sister and Yoshikage ASAKURA's mother was from the Takeda clan of Wakasa TAKEDA, which allowed Mitsuhide to serve as an entertainer for Yoshiaki.
Japanese: 光秀の母は武田義統の姉妹と伝えられ、また朝倉義景の母も武田氏若狭武田氏の出であり、それで義昭の接待役を命じられたものと考えられる。
English: Yoshiaki, accordingly, requested through Mitsuhide for Nobunaga ODA to attack Kyoto and to appoint Yoshiaki to Seii Taishogun.
Japanese: そこで光秀を通して織田信長に対し、京都に攻め上り自分を征夷大将軍につけさせるよう要請した。
English: Yoshiaki did so because Mitsuhide's aunt might be Dosan SAITO's wife and Mitsuhide himself might be a cousin of Nobunaga's lawful wife, a daughter of Dosan SAITO or Princess Noh, on which relationship Yoshiaki depended.
Japanese: 光秀は、叔母が斎藤道三の夫人で、信長の正室である斎藤道三娘（濃姫）とは従兄妹関係にあった可能性があり、その縁を頼ったのだともいわれる。
English: According to reliable, historical materials, Mitsuhide assumed governmental duties for the neighborhood of Kyoto, which the ODA clan was dominating, with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (later changed to HASHIBA) and others in 1569.
Japanese: 信頼できる史料によると、永禄12年（1569年）頃から豊臣秀吉（のち羽柴に改姓）らと共に織田氏支配下の京都近辺の政務にあたったとされる。
English: Achieving a lot of good results in battles, Mitsuhide was given Shiga District, Omi Province in 1572, where he built Sakamoto-jo Castle and occupied it.
Japanese: 数々の戦功をあげ元亀3年（1572年）頃に近江国滋賀郡を与えられ、坂本城を築城してこれを居城とした。
English: In 1575 he was given a surname of the Koreto clan and the government post of the Junior 5th Rank, Minor, Hyuga no kami, calling himself Hyuga no kami Koreto.
Japanese: 天正3年（1575年）には惟任氏（これとう）の姓、従五位下、日向守（ひゅうがのかみ）の官職を与えられ、惟任日向守と称す。
English: The castellan Mitsuhide, in charge of attacking Tamba Province, continued to do battle in many areas in Kinki region, for example, with Murashige ARAKI and Hisahide MATSUNAGA, who disobeyed Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and Nobunaga, and subjugated the Province before 1579.
Japanese: 城主となった光秀は、石山本願寺や信長に背いた荒木村重、松永久秀を攻めるなど近畿地方の各地で転戦しつつ丹波国の攻略を担当し、天正7年（1579年）までにこれを平定。