nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It is pointed out that a parental sparrow feeding its child was cribbed from the regular pattern in Song Dynasty paintings.
Japanese: 親雀が子に餌を与えるすがたは、宋画における定形の図様を借用しているとの指摘がある。
English: It is a black-lacquered platform with kinmakie (gold lacquer) and raden, and its kamachi (a frame) with a short support is covered in a thin gilt bronze plate.
Japanese: 黒漆に金蒔絵と螺鈿を施した壇であり、框と束は金銅の薄板でおおわれている。
English: "Kondo Shaka Nyorai zo mishotai" (an important cultural property) possessed by Chuson-ji Temple Enjo-in that partly represents the thoughts of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and "Kondo-Keman" (a national treasure, possessed by Konjiki-in Temple) are some of the casting products.
Japanese: 鋳造品では、中尊寺円乗院所蔵品として神仏習合思想を端的に示す『金銅釈迦如来像御正体』（重要文化財）、金色堂内陣長押に掛けられた『金銅華鬘』（国宝。金色院蔵）がある。
English: The former is said to be the one of fine arts, the representative work of Kakebotoke (hanging plaque Buddha) in the Heian period, and the latter is the greatest work of Japanese keman (Buddhist floral decorations).
Japanese: 前者は平安時代の懸仏の代表作といわれる名品であり、後者もまた日本の華鬘のなかでも最高傑作といわれる。
English: "Senkoku Senju Kannon tokyozo mirror" possessed by Sui-jinja Shrine in Toyokawa, Daisen City, Akita Prefecture is a bronze mirror on which line engraving seemed to be made in the 11th century.
Japanese: 秋田県大仙市豊川の水神社所蔵『線刻千手観音等鏡像』は11世紀に鏡面に線刻が施されたとみられる銅鏡である。
English: It is a hachiryokyo (eight-lobed bronze mirror) and designated as a national treasure; the standing statue of Senju Kannon with kenzoku (one's family and relations) are carved with tagane (chisel) on the mirror side, and on the back side of the mirror, Hosoge-mon (flower motif) is carved in the center as well as butterflies and birds in four directions.
Japanese: 鏡面にタガネで千手観音の立像と侍立する眷属を彫り、背面には中央に宝相華文、四方に蝶や鳥を配した図柄の八稜鏡であり、国宝に指定されている。
English: On top of that, a mirror was also believed to have the power of 'Hekija-e (exorcist scroll),' therefore, in some cases, it was buried with sutra into kyozuka.
Japanese: 一方では悪いものを寄せ付けない「辟邪」の威力をもつものとも信じられており、経とともに経塚に埋納される例もみられる。
English: About 600 mirrors from the end of the Heian through until the Edo period were excavated from a pond commonly known as 'Kagami-ga-ike Pond' in the Mt. Haguro, one of Dewa sanzan (three mountains of Dewa) (Yamagata Prefecture) (Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture).
Japanese: 出羽三山のひとつ羽黒山(山形県)（山形県鶴岡市）の通称「鏡ヶ池」からは、平安時代末期から江戸時代のものまで600面におよぶ鏡が出土している。
English: These mirrors are referred to as 'Haguro-kyo mirrors' as a whole, and are characterized by graceful patterns based on flowers and birds; they are the important references for researching Japanese mirrors.
Japanese: これは、「羽黒鏡」と総称され、花鳥を題材とした伸びやかで優雅な文様を特色としており、和鏡の研究に欠かせない資料となっている。
English: A box called 'Kingin sounryumon dosei kyobako' (金銀荘雲龍文銅製経箱) is a kyobako that contained Heike-nokyo, and it was created and handed down to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine as a treasures of the shrine in the latter half of the 12th century; it is designated as a national treasure.
Japanese: 平家納経を納めた経箱「金銀荘雲龍文銅製経箱」は、厳島神社の社宝として伝わった12世紀後半の作で、国宝に指定されている。
English: Iron mongery goods of Unryumon coated with gold and silver are tacked down on the copper plate gleaming black.
Japanese: 黒光りする銅板の上に金銀鍍金の雲龍文の金物を鋲（びょう）で留めている。
English: Bugaku (court dance and music) masks, Shishi lion (left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine), and komainu (a pair of stone-carved guardian dogs) were also dedicated to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine by the Taira clan.
Japanese: 他に、平氏一門に属する人びとが厳島神社に奉納したものには舞楽面、獅子・狛犬などがある。
English: Court nobles at that time competed to decorate gorgeous crafts which amazed people at a feast, at a Buddhist mass, and at rites and festivals.
Japanese: 当時の貴族は祝宴や法会、祭礼などの席で人びとを驚かせる豪華な造り物を競って飾った。
English: Creations such as 'Gold crane and silver tree branch' and 'Silver crane and Isokata' created during the 12th century have been handed down to Kasuga-Taisha Shrine today as 'Kasuga-Taisha Shrine Wakamiya Imperial property Sacred Treasures,' both are designated as national treasures.
Japanese: 今日、春日大社に「春日大社若宮御料古神宝」として12世紀制作の「金鶴及び銀樹枝」「銀鶴及び磯形」が伝わっており、いずれも国宝に指定されている。
English: The saie hiogi (painted fan, made of slats of cypress wood), particularly Hi-ogi wooden fan were handed down to various places, and saie hiogi in the latter half of the 12th century possessed by Itsukushima-jinja Shrine is designated as a national treasure while another in the 12th century possessed by Sada-jinja Shrine in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture is designated as an important cultural property.
Japanese: 檜扇とくに彩絵檜扇も各地に伝わっており、厳島神社所蔵の12世紀後半の彩絵檜扇は国宝、島根県松江市の佐太神社所蔵の12世紀のものは重要文化財に指定されている。
English: The 'Akaito Odoshi Yoroi' (odoshi armor with red strings) that is said to be dedicated by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, 'Murasakiaya Odoshi Yoroi' (Violet-twilled-threaded Armor) that is said to be dedicated by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and 'Fusube Murasakigawa Odoshi Domaru Armor' that is said to be dedicated by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, all of which are possessed by Oyamazumi-jinja Shrine in Omishima Island, Iyo Province (present day Imari city), are regarded to be the creations of the 12th century.
Japanese: 伊予国大三島（現今治市）の大山祇神社所蔵の源義経奉納と伝わる「赤糸威鎧」（あかいとおどしよろい）、源頼朝奉納と伝わる「紫綾威鎧」、源義仲奉納と伝わる「熏紫韋威胴丸」（ふすべむらさきがわおどしどうまる）はいずれも12世紀の作とみられる。
English: "Nishi-Honganji-bon Sanju-rokunin-kashu" (a national treasure) is famous as a masterpiece of calligraphy created around this time.
Japanese: この頃制作された書道作品としては、『西本願寺本三十六人家集』（国宝）が知られる。
English: Waka of the Thirty-six Immortal Poets were discretely written in a gorgeous book with various ryoshi decorations such as yaburitsugi (a Heian-style collage technique used to decorate poetry sheets), kirihaku (decorative metal pattern on sculptures or paintings), fine powder in gold and silver, suminagashi (a marbleized pattern produced by dropping black ink on damp paper; frequently used during the Heian period on poetry sheets) and so on.
Japanese: 破り継ぎ、金銀の切箔・砂子、墨流しなどさまざまな料紙装飾を施した華麗な冊子に三十六歌仙の和歌を散らし書きにしたものである。
English: About 20 kinds of handwriting of Japanese patterns are recognized, and it is said that the beauty in kana (character) was pursued during the first half of the 12th century.
Japanese: 約20種類の和様の筆跡が確認されており、12世紀前半の約半世紀は仮名(文字)のあらゆる美しさが追求された時期であるといわれる。
English: The kotobagaki of emaki including "Genji Monogatari Emaki" that was mentioned earlier, Buddhist scriptures including "Heike-nokyo," the Genei-bon manuscript (a national treasure) with okugaki (postscript) in 1120 as a complete edition of "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) are the copied versions of the masterpieces established in the former period.
Japanese: また前代に成立した作品を書写したものとしては、既述の『源氏物語絵巻』などの絵巻の詞書や、『平家納経』などの経典のほか、『古今和歌集』には元永本（国宝）があり、元永3年（1120年）の奥書を有し、完本である。
English: "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) has Genryaku-kobon manuscripts (a national treasure) as well as okugaki collated in 1184, however, some of the scrolls are unavailable.
Japanese: 『万葉集』には元暦校本（国宝）などがあり、元暦元年（1184年）に校合の奥書があるが、全巻は揃っていない。
English: Senmen Koshakyo (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan) can be regarded as a unique handwriting reference, and a few handwritings of craftsman using Japanese patterns have been confirmed.
Japanese: なお、扇面古写経もまた異色の書跡資料といえるが、そこでは和様の使い手数名の筆跡が確認されている。
English: FUJIWARA no Korefusa (Korefusa SESONJI) in the first half of the 12th century who wrote kotobagaki of "Genji Monogatari Emaki" using the overwriting method and FUJIWARA no Koreyuki (Koreyuki SESONJI) in the latter half of the 12th century who copied "Ashide-e Wakan Roeishu Sho" which was described earlier were from the Sesonji family.
Japanese: 重ね書きの手法も用いて『源氏物語絵巻』の詞書を書いた12世紀前半の藤原伊房（世尊寺伊房）、上述の『芦手絵和漢朗詠集抄』を書写した12世紀後半の藤原伊行（世尊寺伊行）はともに世尊寺家の出身である。
English: FUJIWARA no Korefusa was the third generation, and FUJIWARA no Koreyuki was the sixth generation from FUJIWARA no Yukinari, one of sanzeki (the three great brush traces) that established Japanese patterns.
Japanese: 三跡のひとりで和様を大成した藤原行成から数えて3代目と6代目にあたる。
English: Both of them belonged to Sesonji school of calligraphy that was regarded as the most prestigious in the Imperial Court and also as having an elegant method.
Japanese: ともに宮廷において最も権威のある、流麗典雅な書法とされた世尊寺流に属している。
English: The sixth generation, Koreyuki wrote "Sesonji School of Japanese Calligraphy," the first Japanese calligraphy book, and the seventh generation, Koretsune wrote the book, "Saiyosho" (teachings on calligraphy) in which techniques taught from FUJIWARA no Norinaga were summarized.
Japanese: なお、6代伊行は日本最初の書論書『日本の書流世尊寺流』を、7代伊経も藤原教長から授かった秘伝をまとめた書論書『才葉抄』を著している。
English: FUJIWARA no Tadamichi who was referred to as 'Hosshoji-dono' (Mr. Hossho-ji Temple' or 'Hosshoji Kanpaku' (a chief advisor to the emperor at Hossho-ji Temple) was also known as a noshoka (master of calligraphy).
Japanese: 「法性寺殿」「法性寺関白」といわれた藤原忠通も能書家として知られた。
English: His calligraphic style was called the Hosshoji school, and it became popular from the end of the Heian period to the middle of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: その書風を法性寺流といい、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代中期にかけて流行した。
English: It is characterized by masculine calligraphy with a powerful and dynamic touch based on the calligraphic style of Sesonji school.
Japanese: 世尊寺流の書風をもとに力強さと豪放さを加えた男性的な書を特徴としている。
English: The shoho of Hosshoji school was succeeded by his children, Kanezane KUJO and his grandchild, Yoshitsune KUJO; the popularity in shoho at that time was split by both Sesonji school and Hosshoji school.
Japanese: 法性寺流の書法は子の九条兼実、孫の九条良経らに受け継がれ、当時の書法の人気を世尊寺流とのあいだで二分した。
English: Meanwhile, one characteristic in this period is that interests from the cultural aspect were drawn to the lives of samurai or common people as attention was paid to them.
Japanese: 新興勢力である武士や庶民の生活にも目が向けられるようになり、そこに文化的関心が寄せられたのもこの時代の特徴であった。
English: "Shomon-ki" (Tale of Masakado) that depicted the rebellion in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) in the Johei and Tengyo War by TAIRA no Masakado and "Mutsuwa-ki" (A Record of Mutsu, or A Chronicle of the Earlier Nine Years' War) that depicted Zen Kunen Kassen (Former Nine Years War) in Mutsu Province were based on the wars in local regions, therefore, they depicted local samurai well.
Japanese: 承平・天慶の乱における平将門の東国での反乱を描いた『将門記』、陸奥における前九年合戦の経過を記した『陸奥話記』はともに地方の合戦に取材したもので、地方武士の様相がよく描かれている。
English: As a precedence of military epic, they have great meaning in literal history, all of which were written in Japanese style kanbun (Sino-Japanese).
Japanese: 軍記物のさきがけをなすものとして文学史上の意義も大きく、いずれも日本風の漢文で書かれている。
English: During a couple of hundred years from the Insei period until the first half of the medieval period, collecting anecdotes from high-rank court nobles, government official in the middle and low rank, or priests, and compiling those anecdotes into a collection of anecdotes became popular.
Japanese: 院政期から中世の前半にかけての数百年間、上級貴族から中・下級の官人あるいは出家した人びとによって、説話を集めて、説話集を編むという文学行為が流行する。
English: More than 1,000 Buddhism anecdotes now and past or common tales in three countries; India, China and Japan, were compiled into "Konjaku Monogatari shu" (The Tale of Times Now Past).
Japanese: 天竺（インド）・震丹（中国）・本朝（日本）の3国にわたる古今の仏教説話や世俗説話1000あまりを集大成したのが『今昔物語集』である。
English: Its title came from the beginning of each story; each story begins with 'Imaha mukashi' (past from now).
Japanese: 書名は、それぞれの物語が「今ハ昔」の書き出しではじまることに由来する。
English: It was written in Japanese-Chinese mixed style with katakana in the early 12th century, and is said to be compiled by MINAMOTO no Takakuni.
Japanese: 12世紀はじめに片仮名まじりの和漢混淆文体で書かれたもので、源隆国編纂と伝えられる。
English: In 'Honchobu sezoku hen' (section describing the secular lives) (本朝部世俗編) the lives of samurai or people who lived through the transition period are vividly described.
Japanese: とくにその「本朝部世俗編」では転換期をたくましく生きる武士や民衆（下衆）の生活がいきいきと描き出されている。
English: Some of literary works of modern Japanese literature including Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA referenced some of those stories.
Japanese: 芥川龍之介の作品はじめ近代日本文学にも数多く題材を提供していることでも知られる。
English: The Buddhist anecdotes and common tales are included in anecdotes as well as Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) in the society of court nobles and inside stories of the Imperial Court, which are called court noble tales.
Japanese: 説話には、仏教説話、世俗説話のほか、貴族社会の有職故実や宮廷の裏話を語るものがあり、貴族説話と呼ばれる。
English: "Godansho" (the Oe Conversations, with anecdotes and gossip) selected by OE no Masafusa who served Emperor Gosanjo and the Retired Emperor Shirakawa and recorded by FUJIWARA no Sanekane (kurodo [chamberlain]), is a representative example of anecdotes; it was written in the first half of the 12th century.
Japanese: その代表に後三条天皇、白河上皇に仕えた大江匡房が撰し、藤原実兼(蔵人)が筆録した『江談抄』があり、12世紀前半に書かれた。
English: Thereafter, collections of anecdotes; "Uchigiki shu" (Collection of Buddhist Tales) in which Buddhism anecdotes were collected for drafts of preaching in 1134, "Kohon Setsuwa shu" (Collection of Old Tales) in the first half of the 12th century, "Hobutsu shu" (A Collection of Treasures) written by TAIRA no Yasuyori in 1179, were completed; a big stream of literature of preaching stories were succeeded by subsequent generations.
Japanese: 以後も長承3年（1134年）に仏教説話を集めて説法の手控えとした『打聞集』、12世紀前半の『古本説話集』、治承3年（1179年）に平康頼によって著された『宝物集』などの説話集が成立し、説話文学の大きな流れは次代に継承されていく。
English: When society was in process of change, it became difficult for court nobles to find a subject from their daily life, and that's why no other fictionalized stories surpassed the "Tale of Genji."
Japanese: 社会が変貌するなかで、貴族はもはや自己の現実生活のなかから題材をみいだすことが難しくなり、『源氏物語』ののちは創作物語にはこれをしのぐものがなかった。
English: A number of people felt that they were in the transition period, and the view point to matter-of-factly see the history was developed among them, thus, historical tales such as "Eiga Monogatari" (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) or "Okagami" (the Great Mirror) appeared.
Japanese: その一方で、時代が転換期を迎えたことを多くの人びとが感じとり、そのなかで歴史を冷静にみつめる視点が育まれて『栄花物語』や『大鏡』などの歴史物語があらわれた。
English: "Eiga Monogatari" (main part of a book, volume 1-30) which is said to be written by Akazome Emon in the 11th century is different from official histories in Chinese style such as Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories).
Japanese: 11世紀の赤染衛門作と伝えられる『栄花物語（栄華物語）』正編（巻1-30）は、六国史のような中国風の正史とは異なる。
English: Although it traced back the glory in past, however, it is written in kana and chronological order which was the first time for historical documents.
Japanese: しかし、過去の栄光をしのびながらも、歴史を扱った書としてはじめて仮名書き、編年体で書かれている。
English: Depiction of people's image, and statements on annual events, rituals, clothes, and monoimi (confinement to one's house on unlucky days) were used as a great references to know history.
Japanese: また、人物の容姿描写、年中行事、儀式、服飾、物忌に関する記述などはすぐれた歴史資料となっている。
English: In 1092, sequels to "Eiga Monogatari" (volumes 31 to 40) were written, the author is deemed as Idewanoben.
Japanese: 寛治6年（1092年）には『栄花物語』の続編（巻31-40）が執筆され、筆者は出羽弁とみられている。
English: "Okagami" (the Great Mirror) is called "Yotsugi Monogatari" (The Tales of Yotsugi) in that the story is progressed through the conversation between a 190 year-old okina (old man) named OYAKE no Yotsugi and a 180 year-old okina named NATSUYAMA no Shigeki.
Japanese: 『大鏡』は物語が190歳の大宅世継と180歳の夏山繁樹の2人の翁の対話で展開することから『世継物語』とも呼ばれている。
English: In "Okagami," the history of emperors for 14 generations, from the Emperor Montoku to Emperor Goichijo in 1025, was stated in Kidentai (biographical historiography).
Japanese: 文徳天皇から後一条天皇の万寿2年（1025年）に至る14代の歴史を紀伝体で叙述している。
English: While it reviewed the period when the Fujiwara clan was in full flower, it matter-of-factly depicted the glory of the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 藤原氏全盛の時代を回顧しながらも藤原氏の栄華を客観的に叙述している。
English: A new method of using dialog or Q&A to depict history, never seen before, had a strong impact on the historical depiction in later ages.
Japanese: また、座談や問答を採り入れて叙述するなど、これまでの歴史書にない斬新さがみられ、その鋭い叙述は、後世の歴史叙述に強い影響をあたえた。
English: "Imakagami" (The Mirror of the Present), collection of biography and anecdotes, completed after "Okagami," is regarded completed in 1170.
Japanese: 『大鏡』のあとを受けた伝記・逸話集の『今鏡』は嘉応2年（1170年）成立とみられる。
English: It covered 145 years for the 13 generations from 1025 to the reign of Emperor Takakura in 1170, and it was also called "Shoku Yotsugi" (a sequel to the Tale of Yotsugi).
Japanese: 万寿2年から高倉天皇の嘉応2年までの13代145年間を扱い、『続世継』ともよばれた。
English: Tale literature during the Insei period was created under the overwhelming reputation and influence of "Genji Monogatari."
Japanese: 院政期の物語文学は、『源氏物語』の圧倒的な評価と影響のもとにうまれた。
English: According to the okugaki that FUJIWARA no Teika attached on the Gyobutsubon (Emperor's book stock) of "Sarashina Nikki," "Hamamatsu Chunagon Monogatari" (The Tale of Hamamatsu Chunagon) and "Yowanonezame" (Awaken at the midnight) were written by her as well.
Japanese: 御物本『更級日記』に藤原定家が付した奥書には『浜松中納言物語』『夜半の寝覚』も彼女の作と書かれている。
English: They are both criticized as imitating "Genji Monogatari" or dealing with unrealistic subjects.
Japanese: いずれも『源氏物語』の模倣であるとか、非現実的な題材を扱っているなどと評される。
English: On the other hand, there is a different opinion that each story has its own subject and a new tendency; their reputation has been reviewed in recent years.
Japanese: それぞれ固有の主題と新しい傾向をみせているとの評価もあり、近年見直しが進んでいる。
English: The tale with the highest reputation among those in the latter half of the 11th century is "Sagoromo Monogatari" (The Tale of Sagoromo) which is considered to be written by Rokujosaiin no senji.
Japanese: 11世紀後半の物語群のなかで最も高い評価を受けてきたのは、六条斎院宣旨作と考えられる『狭衣物語』である。
English: The love history of the story's main man character, Sagoromo no taisho who is never satisfied with love, is emotionally depicted.
Japanese: 主人公の男性狭衣大将の追い求めて充足されない恋の遍歴が情感豊かに描かれている。
English: "Torikaebaya Monogatari" (The Changelings) is a famous tale that depicts a brother and a sister who attempt to live through their lives; they were opposite in personality, and were treated and raised as the opposite gender by their father.
Japanese: 『とりかへばや物語』が有名で、男女の性格が正反対の兄妹が、父によって男女入れ替えて育てられ、それぞれの人生を切りひらこうとする物語である。
English: Above all, 'Mushimezuru-Himegimi' (A lady who loves insects and caterpillars) in which unique material is dealt, has been read by people in later ages.
Japanese: なかでも「虫めづる姫君」は風変わりな題材を扱い、後世、人びとに読みつがれてきた。
English: "Sarashina Nikki" is a famous example of daily literature; it is the diary of the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue who grew up full of aspiration for "Genji Monogatari" which she just heard of by name.
Japanese: 少女時代から、名のみ聞く『源氏物語』に限りない憧れを抱いて成人した菅原孝標女の日記『更級日記』が有名である。
English: It is a diary flashing back her entire life that contained the journey from the Kanto region to Kyoto, the encounter with "Genji Monogatari," and the period from her marriage to her afterlife.
Japanese: 関東から京への旅、『源氏物語』とのめぐり会い、結婚から晩年に至るまでを記した生涯の回想日記である。
English: The author of "Kagero Nikki" (The Gossamer Years) was her aunt, the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, and it is pointed out that she was influenced by her.
Japanese: 『蜻蛉日記』の作者藤原道綱母は、彼女の叔母にあたり、その影響が指摘されている。
English: Apart from Sarashina Nikki, "Jojin Ajari no haha no shu" (A collection of poems by mother of Jojin Ajari) written by a female author (the mother of Jojin Ajari), "Sanukinosuke Nikki" (the Diary of Sanukinosuke) (by FUJIWARA no Nagako), "Takakurain in Itsukushima Gyoko ki" (The record of the visit of a retired Emperor Takakura to Itsukushima) (by a male author, MINAMOTO no Michichika) are famous examples as well.
Japanese: 他の日記には、女流作家による『成尋阿闍梨母集』（成尋阿闍梨母）、『讃岐典侍日記』（藤原長子）、男性による『厳島御幸記』（源通親）がある。
English: As for waka, chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) including "Goshui Wakashu" (fourth imperial anthology), "Kinyo Wakashu" (Kinyo Collection of Japanese poems), "Shika Wakashu" (shika collection of Japanese poems), "Senzai Wakashu" (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years), were compiled.
Japanese: 和歌では、『後拾遺和歌集』、『金葉和歌集』、『詞花和歌集』、『千載和歌集』の勅撰和歌集が編纂された。
English: Famous waka poets such as FUJIWARA no Toshinari or Saigyo (secular name Norikiyo SATO) who was originally a samurai appeared and facilitated to develop a new style in "Shinkokin Wakashu" (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry); they played a big role to develop waka during the medieval period.
Japanese: おもな歌人として藤原俊成や武士出身の西行（俗名佐藤義清）があらわれ、『新古今和歌集』の新風形成に影響を与え、中世和歌の形成に大きな役割を果たした。
English: Toshinari compiled "Choshu eiso" (FUJIWARA no Shunzei's personal collection of poetry) in 1178, and Saigyo compiled a private poetry collection named "Sanka shu" in 1190.
Japanese: 俊成は治承2年（1178年）に『長秋詠草』、西行は建久元年（1190年）に『山家集』と称した私家集をそれぞれ編纂している。
English: The prosperity of waka in the period of Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) facilitated the development in the study of poetry; beginning with 'Kanajo' (a preface written in kana) by KI no Tsurayuki of "Kokin Wakashu," subjective pieces such as "Shinsen Zuino" (The Essentials of Poetry, Newly Compiled) of FUJIWARA no Kinto appeared.
Japanese: 国風文化の時代の和歌の隆盛は歌学の発展を促し、『古今和歌集』の紀貫之「仮名序」がその先駆けをなすといわれ、藤原公任の『新撰髄脳』などの自覚的な著作もあらわれるに至った。
English: In the Insei period, "Toshiyori Zuino" (Toshiyori's Poetic Essentials) was written by MINAMOTO no Toshiyori in 1115, and "Fukuro zoshi" (Book of Folded Pages) was written by FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke in 1158.
Japanese: 院政期に入ると、永久(元号)3年（1115年）に源俊頼によって『俊頼髄脳』、保元3年（1158年）に藤原清輔によって『袋草紙』が書かれている。
English: Incidentally, 'zuino' refers to 'the documents that described the essential part of waka,' and it is a noun to refer to the treatise on waka poetry.
Japanese: なお、「髄脳」とは「和歌の本質を説いた書物」の意であり、歌論書を示す普通名詞である。
English: As for public entertainment, court nobles enjoyed songs and ballads from former generations; saibara (genre of Heian-period Japanese court music - primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies), kagura-uta (songs to accompany kagura performances) and roei recitation of famous phrases from Chinese-style poem or waka.
Japanese: 芸能では、貴族層は前代以来の歌謡である催馬楽（さいばら）や神楽歌、漢詩や和歌の名句を吟ずる朗詠を楽しんだ。
English: It is sung accompanied by wagon (Japanese harp) at a relaxing time after the formal feast of court nobles.
Japanese: 和琴などを伴奏として、貴族の正式な宴の後のくつろいだ席などで歌われた。
English: The songs 'Kashin' (lucky day) are representative of Roei; songs other than 'Kashin' were read in kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts), while 'Kashin' was read in ondoku (Chinese reading of kanji).
Japanese: 「嘉辰」は朗詠の代表的な楽曲で、「嘉辰」以外は歌詞を訓読するが、「嘉辰」のみはすべて音読された。
English: During the Hoan era (1120-1125), FUJIWARA no Mototoshi wrote "Shinsen Roei Shu" (New Selection of Sung Poems).
Japanese: 保安(元号)年間（1120年-1125年）に藤原基俊が『新撰朗詠集』を著している。
English: Sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) which was mainly comical arts and songs, was popular as a public amusement.
Japanese: 当時民間の娯楽として人気のあった猿楽は滑稽を主とした雑芸・歌曲であった。
English: In the latter half of the 11h century, "Shin sarugo ki" was written; it is considered to be written by FUJIWARA no Akihira in his later days.
Japanese: 11世紀後半には『新猿楽記』が著されており、藤原明衡の晩年の手になるものではないかと考えられている。
English: Dengaku, a dance in time with hayashi (musical accompaniment played on traditional Japanese instruments) such as fue (Japanese flute), drum, sasara (a Japanese traditional percussion instrument) also started drawing attentions of court nobles; it eventually was introduced to the Imperial Court after it entered Kyoto or Nara and became a public entertainment.
Japanese: 笛・鼓・ささらなどの囃しにあわせて踊る田楽も同様に貴族の関心をひくようになり、やがて京都や奈良にはいって芸能化されると、宮廷にも流れ込んでいった。
English: Above all, 'Dengaku at Matsuo Festival' of Matsunoo-taisha Shrine (Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City) or 'The big Dengaku festival in Eicho era' which explosively became popular in the summer of 1096, are famous.
Japanese: なかでも松尾大社（京都市西京区）の「松尾祭の田楽」や、永長元年（1096年）の夏に爆発的に流行した「永長の大田楽」は有名である。
English: The people rushed into the court, dancing frantically, which was recorded as 'all the people in the castle looked crazy.'
Japanese: 乱舞した人びとが宮中に入り、「一城の人、皆狂うがごとし」との記録がある。
English: The imayo (popular style of song during the Heian period), a popular music among common people, which was based on the seven-and-five syllable meter and four phrases and sung by shirabyoshi, female entertainer (who was often a yujo [a prostitute]), was loved by the noble society.
Japanese: 当時の民間の流行歌謡であり、白拍子という女性芸人（しばしば遊女を兼ねた）のうたう七五調四句を基調とする今様も貴族社会でもてはやされた。
English: Goshirakawa-in (Retired Emperor Goshirakawa) had been taking lessons of Imayo from Aohata no kugutsu in Mino Province since he was in his teens.
Japanese: 後白河院もみずから10代の頃より美濃国の青墓の傀儡を師として厳しく今様を修練している。
English: OE no Masafusa, the greatest man of culture during the Insei period wrote "Kugutsushiki" (a document about entertainers), "Yujo ki" (a document about prostitutes), and "Rakuyo dengakuki" (a document about dengaku which was held in the era of Emperor Horikawa).
Japanese: 院政期最大の文化人大江匡房にも『傀儡子記』や『遊女記』、『洛陽田楽記』などの著作がある。