nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It is also said that the chapter called 'Chapter of Sumori,' which is not included in the 54 chapters of the present text of The Tale of Genji, existed, and the chapter contains these descriptions of 'Sumori Sami.'
Japanese: またこれらの「巣守三位」についての記述は現行の源氏物語54帖の中には無い「すもりの巻」なる巻が存在し、その中に描かれているとされている。
English: In addition, some old commentaries such as 'Genji monogatari kokagami' (Small Mirror of The Tale of Genji) also mention 'Chapter of Sumori' or 'Sumori Sanmi.'
Japanese: また、「源氏物語小鏡」などの一部の古注釈にも「すもりの巻」や「巣守三位」にふれているものが存在する。
English: There are two opinions about this Sumori Monogatari: one is that it was complementally written by posterity based on Uji Jujo (The Ten Quires of Uji), and the other is that Sumori Monogatari including 'Chapter of Sumori' was once written by the same author who made the original story as a tale which took place after the death of Hikaru Genji, but for some reasons, it was thrown away, and later the present Uji Jujo which focuses on Ukifune was rewritten.
Japanese: この巣守物語については、宇治十帖を踏まえた後人の補作であるという説と、本編と同じ作者により光源氏死後の物語として「すもりの巻」を含む巣守物語が一度書かれたが、何らかの理由で破棄され、その後改めて浮舟を中心とした現在の宇治十帖が書かれたのではないかとする説が存在する。
English: It was completed before the early Kamakura period, and the form of the character suggests that it was probably made at the end of the Heian period, so this is regarded as the earliest old genealogy among the existing ones.
Japanese: 成立時期は鎌倉時代初期を下らない時期で、おそらく字体などから平安末と見られる、現存するものの中では最も古いと見られる古系図である。
English: It is not clear what the title originally was because it lacks the opening and ending pages.
Japanese: 冒頭と末尾が欠けているため本来どのような題号を持っていたのかは不明。
English: In the ending, it mentions the titles of chapters such as 'Norinoshi,' 'Sumori,' 'Sakurabito,' 'Hiwariko,' and so on which are not included in the present book; The Tale of Genji in circulation, and says that 'they do not always exist.'
Japanese: 末尾に「のりのし」、「すもり」、「さくら人」、「ひわりこ」といった現在流布している源氏物語に含まれない巻名をあげ、「これらはつねになし」と記している。
English: Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (The Preface to "A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry") is a preface to Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
Japanese: 古今和歌集仮名序（こきんわかしゅうかなじょ）は古今和歌集の序文である。
English: The preface explains the nature of waka in the opening sentence, followed by the history of waka, and then divided into six waka groups, each of which is explained further.
Japanese: 仮名序は、冒頭で和歌の本質とは何かを解き明かした後、和歌の成り立ちについて述べ、次いで、和歌を6分類し各分類について説明する。
English: The preface illustrates how desirable waka should be, mentioning the two names of Great Poets, KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro and YAMABE no Akahito in addition to listing six famous modern poets (lit. Six Immortal Poets).
Japanese: そして、和歌のあるべき姿を論じ、その理想像として2人の歌聖（柿本人麻呂と山部赤人）を挙げ、次に近代の高名な6人の歌人（六歌仙）を挙げる。
English: In the final section, the preface refers to the process of compiling the anthology and ends with the future prospects of waka.
Japanese: 最後に古今集の撰集過程について触れた後、和歌の将来像を述べて終わる。
English: People in the world are likely to express what they have in mind every time they see and hear things as well as when they experience many things under various situations.
Japanese: 世の中にある人、事・業しげきものなれば、心に思ふ事を、見るもの聞くものにつけて、言ひいだせるなり。
English: How could they refrain from making poems when they listen to nightingales in the blossoms or frogs in the water?
Japanese: 花に鳴く鶯、水に住むかはづの声を聞けば、生きとし生きるもの、いづれか歌をよまざりける。
English: It is poetry that, without any strength, shakes the heaven and the earth, makes invisible spirits moved, makes a man and woman intimate and eases a warrior's violent soul.
Japanese: 力をも入れずして天地を動かし、目に見えぬ鬼神をもあはれと思はせ、男女のなかをもやはらげ、猛き武士の心をもなぐさむるは、歌なり。
English: Oshu Gosannen Ki (A Chronicle of the Later Three Years War in Oshu) describes the war which was called 'Gosannen no Eki' (The Later Three Years War) or 'MINAMOTO no Yoshiie war' that occurred from 1083 (latter part of the Heian period) to 1088 in the Mutsu and Dewa provinces.
Japanese: 奥州後三年記（おうしゅうごさんねんき）は、平安時代後期の1083年（永保3）から、1088年（寛治2）にかけての、陸奥国・出羽国両国にまたがった争乱、いわゆる「後三年の役」、または「源義家合戦」と呼ばれるものを描いたものである。
English: The word 'Three Years' refers to the period from 1086, when the battle at Numanosaku occurred, to 1088, when Yoshiie was dismissed as Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province).
Japanese: 「三年」とされるのは京に合戦が伝わった応徳3年（1086年）の沼柵の戦いから、義家が陸奥守を解任された寛治2年（1088年）までを指す。
English: There were two kinds of "Oshu Gosannen Ki," the one written in 1171 at the end of the Heian period and another written in 1347 in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: その成立は、平安時代末期の承安(日本)1年（1171年）と、南北朝時代(日本)の貞和3年（1347年）の2段階がある。
English: The current one was written by extracting only Kotobagaki (captions) of Emaki (picture scroll) drawn in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: 現在目に出来るものは、南北朝時代に描かれた絵巻の、詞書のみを書き出したもの。
English: "Oshu Gosannen Ki" was included in the 20th volume of "Gunsho Ruiju"(Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA) and its preface was described as follows.
Japanese: 『奥州後三年記』は、『群書類従』第二十に納められたものでありその「序」にはこうある。
English: It is said that "Oshu Gosannen Ki" was written by extracting only Kotobagaki from "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba."
Japanese: 『奥州後三年記』は『後三年合戦絵詞』から、詞書のみを抜き出して誕生した作品であるといわれる。
English: The current "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" was written by Korehisa, Hida no kami (Provincial Governor of Hida), in 1347, 14 years after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and its three volumes are held at Tokyo National Museum.
Japanese: 現在、『後三年合戦絵詞』には、東京国立博物館に収蔵されている、鎌倉幕府滅亡の14年後の南北朝時代(日本)、貞和3年（1347年)に、飛騨守惟久により描かれた絵巻であり、三巻が現存する。
English: Gene who wrote the preface was one of the most educated priests pursuing his studies in those days and became Hoin (the highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) Gon Daisozu (the second highest grade that can be held by one who has reached the second highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) after learning Tendai Esoteric Buddhism.
Japanese: 序文を書いた玄慧は、天台密教を修めて法印権大僧都となった当時屈指の学僧である。
English: The fact that such an educated priest at that time wrote the preface shows that making this Emaki was a very important project.
Japanese: その当時屈指の学僧が、序文を担当していることで、この絵巻がかなりの一大事業であったことが判る。
English: In the December 6, 1506 section of "Sanetaka koki" (Sanetaka's Diary), there are descriptions that say Yasutomi NAKAHARA actually saw the pictures and that Kotobagaki was drafted by Gene Hoin and 'The writer of the first volume was Imperial Prince Sonen, the second volume was Kimitada-ko, the third volume was Rokujo Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) Arimitsu, the forth volume was Nakanao Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles), the fifth volume was Yasunaga (保脩) Ason, and the sixth volume was Yukitada-kyo (lord Yukitada)' ("Shiryo Taisei" [Grand collection of historical materials] edited by Zoho Shiryo Taisei Kanko-kai [publication association of Grand collection of historical materials, Enlarged] in 1965).
Japanese: 『実隆公記』1506年(永正3)11月12日条に、中原康富がその絵を実見したとあって、詞書は源恵（玄慧）法印が草し、詞書筆者は「第一尊円親王、第二公忠公、第三六条中納言有光、第四仲直朝臣、第五保脩朝臣、第六行忠卿」（増補史料大成刊行会編『史料大成』1965年）とある。
English: According to "Yasutomi-ki" (a diary by Yasutomi NAKAHARA) which is described below, what Yasutomi NAKAHARA saw was "Gosannen-e" in the Joan edition written by an order of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: 中原康富が見たものは、後述する『康富記』により、後白河法皇の承安版『後三年絵』である。
English: Therefore, Sanetaka SANJONISHI might have not known "Gosannen-e" in the Joan edition or guessed wrongly.
Japanese: したがって、三条西実隆は承安版『後三年絵』を知らなかったのか、取り違えたのかもしれない。
English: However, it is said that the writers of Kotobagaki of each volume coincide with the names of writers which were described in the end of each volume of the existing "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" at the Tokyo National Museum.
Japanese: しかし、各巻の詞書筆者は、東京国立博物館蔵の現存『後三年合戦絵詞』各巻末に記された筆者名と見事に一致しているという。
English: For this reason, it is considered that "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" in the Jowa edition originally consisted of six volumes.
Japanese: このことから、貞和版『後三年合戦絵詞』は、本来6巻であったとされる。
English: However, before that, it was known that the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa ordered Joken hoin to have four volumes of Emaki drawn by the painter Akizane (明実) in 1171, about ten years after the Heiji War and after the Emperor Goshirakawa became a priest and a Cloistered Emperor after the enthronement of Emperor Takakura whose wife was a daughter of TAIRA no Kiyomori.
Japanese: しかしそれより以前、平安時代末期の承安(日本)1年（1171年）、平治の乱から約10年、平清盛の娘を妻とする高倉天皇の即位後、後白河天皇が出家して法皇となった後に、後白河法皇が静賢法印に命じ、絵師明実の筆による4巻の絵巻を制作させたことが知られる。
English: In the April 27, 1174 section of "Kikki" (a diary by Tsunefusa YOSHIDA), there is a description that says "It is a picture of the war against people in the province such as Takehira and Iehira when Yoshiie Ason was Mutsu no kami."
Japanese: それを記した吉田経房の日記『吉記』承安4年（1174年)3月17日条には、「義家朝臣為陸奥守之時、興彼国住人武衡家衡等合戦絵也」とある。
English: Gaining the trust of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, he was assigned to the regent of Rengeo-in Temple (Sanjusangen-do Hall) and engaged in various Emaki including "Gosannen-e."
Japanese: 後白河院の信任を得て蓮華王院（三十三間堂）執行（寺院総括者・上座）を任じられ、『後三年絵』を始めとした絵巻に関与した。
English: In order to distinguish this from the current "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba," we will write this as "'Gosannen-e' in the Joan edition" hereafter.
Japanese: 以下これを現存『後三年合戦絵詞』と区別するため、以降承安版『後三年絵』と記す。
English: There was another unexpected piece of evidence for the existence of "Gosannen-e" in the Joan edition which was established at the Rengeo-in Temple.
Japanese: この蓮華王院の承安版『後三年絵』の存在は思わぬところにもうひとつの傍証があった。
English: The Yudo clan who controlled Maki, the Akuhara village of Chichibu in the Musashi Province became the head of Kodama Party which was one of the Musashi-shichito Parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province).
Japanese: 武蔵国の秩父、阿久原牧を管理していた有道一族が、武蔵七党のひとつ、児玉党の長となる。
English: In that Okibumi, there was a description of Tomomasa HIRAGA, who was Kyoto-shugo (military governor of Kyoto), and his group were shown the Emaki which was secretly held in the hozo (treasure house) of Rengeo-in Temple in the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: その中に、鎌倉時代の初めの頃、当時京都守護であった平賀朝雅とその一行が、蓮華王院の宝蔵に秘蔵されていた絵巻を見せてもらったとある。
English: This Emaki produced by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, that is, "Gosannen-e" which consisted of four volumes, was shown to Yasutomi NAKAHARA when he went to the Fushimi dono Palace of the Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadatsune in 1444, and he wrote about the story of this Emaki in his diary in kanbun (Sino-Japanese).
Japanese: この後白河法皇プロデュースの絵巻は、後年、文安1年（1444年）に中原康富（やすとみ）が、伏見宮貞常親王の伏見殿に行った折り、御室（仁和寺）宝蔵から取り寄せた『後三年絵』という4巻からなる絵巻を見せてもらい、康富はそこで見た絵巻の粗筋を、漢文で日記に記した。
English: This 'Yasutomi-ki' shows parts which both the current "Oshu Gosannen Ki" and "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" are lacking, for example, the death of KIYOHARA no Sanehira and the process of the conflict between FUJIWARA no Kiyohira and his younger maternal half-brother KIYOHARA no Iehira after that.
Japanese: 現存する『奥州後三年記』『後三年合戦絵詞』ともに欠けている部分、例えば清原真衡の死と、その後の藤原清衡と異父弟・清原家衡の衝突の経緯などを、この「康富記」から知ることが出来る。
English: For example, regarding the death of KIYOHARA no Sanehira, there is the line 'During this time Sanehira died of disease on the way to Dewa.'
Japanese: 例えば清原真衡の死については、「此間真衡於出羽発向之路中侵病頓死了」とある。
English: In addition, almost whole sentences on 'Gosannen-e' in "Yasutomi-ki" were described in a book "Bushi no Tanjo" (The Origin of Samurai Warriors) written by Yukihiko SEKI (NHK Books, 1999) in Japanese instead of kanbun.
Japanese: 尚、『康富記』での「後三年絵」に関するほぼ全文が、関幸彦『武士の誕生』（NHKブックス1999年）に、漢文でなく書き下し文で載っている。
English: The preface was written by Gene who was assumed to be a writer of "Taiheiki" (The Record of the Great Peace) and had a deep relationship with the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 更にその序文が『太平記』の作者にも擬せられ、室町幕府との関わりが深い玄慧の筆である。
English: Most of the "Taiheiki" was fiction although it described the events in almost the same period, so its value as historical material has been denied since the Meiji period.
Japanese: その『太平記』は、極めて近い年代の出来事を記述したにも関わらず、創作が多く、その史料価値は明治時代から否定されている。
English: For those reasons, there is doubt that "Oshu Gosannen Ki" which extracted sentences from "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" in the Jowa edition was merely fiction.
Japanese: これらを重ね合わせると、和本『後三年合戦絵詞』の詞文を書き出した『奥州後三年記』は、単なる物語に過ぎないのでは、との疑いも生まれる余地がある。
English: On the other hand, it seems that the Kotobagaki of "Gosannen-e" in the Joan Edition which was the Emaki produced by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa referred to Kokuge (an official document submitted to Dajokan by Kokushi), kanpu (official documents from Dajokan, or Great Council of State), diaries of Kugyo (the top court officials) and other records and reports in those days.
Japanese: 一方、後白河法皇プロデュースの絵巻承安版『後三年絵』の詞書は、当時に残る国解、官符、公卿の日記、その他の記録、伝聞を参考にしたであろうと思われる。
English: Then, it might have been as credible as the "Mutsu Waki" (A Tale of Mutsu), although it was not the most important historical material.
Japanese: それならば、一次史料ではないながらも、『陸奥話記』に近い信憑性はおけたかもしれない。
English: However, judging from the descriptions of "Yasutomi-ki," it is regarded that the existing "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" in the Jowa edition should basically correspond to "Gosannen-e" in the Joan edition although the tales on MINAMOTO no Yoshiie might be expanded.
Japanese: しかし『康富記』の内容から、現存する貞和版『後三年合戦絵詞』は、源義家に関わる説話の増補が想定されるとはいえ、基本的には承安版『後三年絵』とほぼ一致しているはずだと見られている。
English: If any parts which praised the Minamoto clan were added after the Kamakura period, it is highly possible that it was the description on 'the disturbed ganko' (lining up shoulder to shoulder like flying geese).
Japanese: 鎌倉時代以降に付け加えられた、源氏賛美の部分があるとすれば、その可能性が最も高いのは「雁行の乱れ」である。
English: A description saying 'He went to the Uji-dono (palace) and told them to attack Sadoto' should have been just after Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign), when Masafusa was still in his early 20s.
Japanese: 「宇治殿へ参じて貞任をせめん事など申ける」は前九年の役の直後であるはずで、匡房はまだ20歳代前半である。
English: If an early 20s man other than 40s or 50s man 'said to himself that he did not know the way a highly capable samurai fights a war,' OE no Masafusa must have been a really 'rotten egg.'
Japanese: 40代から50代ならいざしらず、20代前半の者が「器量はよき武士の合戦の道をしらぬよとひとりごち給ひける」などと、言ったのなら、大江匡房は実に「鼻持ちならない嫌なやつ」ということになる。
English: He was promoted to Sanmi (Third Rank) also called 'kyo' (minister) on January 3, 1086, when Yoshiie had already begun 'Yoshiie's war' in the Oshu Province.
Japanese: そもそも「卿」言われるような三位への昇叙は応徳3年（1086年）11月20日であり、既に義家は奥州で「義家合戦」を始めている。
English: It is natural to think that since it was an added episode there are some contradictions on dates.
Japanese: 後付の逸話であるからこそ、年代の矛盾が出てくると考えるのが自然だろう。
English: In addition, it is also natural to think that since that episode was written in later, it called OE no Masafusa, 'Go no sochi (his pseudonym) Masafusa kyo' according to the naming of the time.
Japanese: また、書かれたのが後世だから、書かれた当時の呼び方で、大江匡房を「江帥匡房卿」と呼んだのだとしても、いかにもな逸話である。
English: As mentioned above, even if it includes some episodes or modifications of the later times, there is an original text of "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" in the Jowa edition in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts which was written in the end of the Heian period.
Japanese: 上記の通り、後世の逸話、文飾が紛れ込んでいるにしても、南北朝時代時代の貞和版『後三年合戦絵詞』には、更に平安時代末期の底本がある。
English: Therefore, "Oshu Gosannen Ki" is the sole historical material which transmitted the background of Gosannen no Eki in the Oshu Province by covering missing parts from "Yasutomi-ki."
Japanese: このため、欠損分を『康富記』から補う形で、『奥州後三年記』が、後三年の役の奥州での経緯を今に知る、唯一の史料となっている。
English: Although some scholars explain this as 'A wife chased her husband's head in tears,' it is right to interpret that as 'A man was killed and his wife was taken away and made a mock.'
Japanese: これを、「夫の首を妻が泣きながら追いかけた」と説明する学者も居るが、「男は殺され、その妻は連行されて慰みものにされた」と読むのが正しい。
English: If this story started spreading just after the war, compared with the stories of "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" (Tales of Times Now and Then collection) which was written in almost the same period, for example, 'A story TAIRA no Koreshige punished FUJIWARA no Moroto,' its savagery was distinguished.
Japanese: この話が、乱の直後から伝えられたものとの想定すれば、さして年代は違わないはずの『今昔物語集』の何処を見ても、例えば「平維茂、藤原諸任を罰ちたる語」の話などと比べても、このような凄惨さは類を見ない。
English: In addition, it seems that there was a description about 'A story that MINAMOTO no Yoshie punished KIYOHARA no Takehira and so on' in the 14th section of volume 25 in "Konjaku Monogatari Shu," but its contents other than title are not left.
Japanese: 尚、『今昔物語集』にも、巻25の14話に「源義家朝臣、罰清原武衡等話」があったらしいが、タイトルが残るだけで本文は伝えられていない。
English: One of the characteristics of both "Oshu Gosannen Ki" and "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" in the Jowa edition is its savagery.
Japanese: 『奥州後三年記』も、貞和版『後三年合戦絵詞』も、その特徴のひとつは残虐性である。
English: Although in "Mutsu Waki" there was also a story where he cut the neck of FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo with a dull sword like beating, this is far more savage.
Japanese: 確かに『陸奥話記』にも、藤原経清の首を鈍刀をもって、何度も打ち据えるように斬り殺した、というような話はあるが、レベルが違いすぎる。
English: In addition, in "Mutsu Waki" there are more humane descriptions which can be regarded as sympathies against the Abe clan in spite of the praise of MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi.
Japanese: また、『陸奥話記』には、源頼義を賛美しながら一方で、安部氏に対する同情ともとれる、人間味あふれる記述の方が勝っている。
English: Some people regard that the savagery of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa reflected the savagery of the pictures which described this story in detail, for example, Chito had a tong pull out and hung on a tree, and stepped on the head of his master KIYOHARA no Takehira at the end of his physical life.
Japanese: この話を詳細に書き記し、舌を引き抜く処、その後千任が木に吊され、力尽きて主人清原武衡の生首を踏んでしまうところを絵に描いた嗜虐性を、後白河法皇の嗜虐性と見る見方もある。
English: However, considering the tradition of Yoshiie's hell in Kyoto and a description of "Chuyuki" (a diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada who lived in the same period as Yoshiie) as 'The late Yoshiie Ason had killed many innocent people as the head of warriors for a long time. His piling sins may affect on his descendants,' it is one of the aspects of Yoshiie told by a samurai in the imperial capital who joined the war with Yoshiie, so that it can be regarded as the truth.
Japanese: しかしながら、京に伝えられた義家の無限地獄の伝承や、義家の同時代人藤原宗忠が、その日記『中右記』に、「故義家朝臣は年来武者の長者として多く無罪の人を殺すと云々。積悪の余り、遂に子孫に及ぶか」と記したことも合わせ考えると、義家に従って参戦した京武者から伝え聞いた義家のひとつの側面であり実話と見なしうる。
English: It is described that the Kotobagaki of "Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba" in the Jowa edition was drafted by Gene hoin, and the sentences were written by Gene and the pictures were drawn by Hida no kami (governor of Hida Province) Korehisa.
Japanese: 貞和版『後三年合戦絵詞』詞書は、玄慧法印が草したとあるので、表現自体は玄慧のもの、絵自体は飛騨守惟久の筆だ。
English: However, the same story should have also been described in "Gosannen-e" in the Joan edition by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: が、同じ話は後白河法皇の承安版『後三年絵』にも載っていたはずである。
English: If the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa was sadistic, he should have shown it strongly in the process of editing of Joan edition.
Japanese: 後白河法皇の嗜虐性があったとすれば、承安版の編集に当たって、それを強調したことだろう。
English: It seems that a description that 'Most of the birds do not live in deep mountains where eagles live. Among the Minamoto clan, Hachiman Taro is awful' in the second volume of "Ryojin Hisho" (folk song collection) edited by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, reflected such tradition.
Japanese: 後白河法皇が編纂した『梁塵秘抄』巻第二にある「鷲の棲む深山には、概ての鳥は棲むものか、同じき源氏と申せども、八幡太郎は恐ろしや」は、そのような言い伝えを反映しているものと思われる。
English: In addition, a description by FUJIWARA no Munetada who lived in the same period as Yoshiie, saying 'He killed many innocent people. His piling sins may affect on his descendants,' corresponds to the descriptions as below.
Japanese: また、義家の同時代人、藤原宗忠が「多く無罪の人を殺すと云々。積悪の余り」というのは、以下に引用する部分に符合する。
English: No one thinks that such descriptions were added in order to praise Yoshiie after the Kamakura period.
Japanese: このような部分を義家賛美の為に鎌倉時代以降に付け加えた、と思う人は居ない。
English: Such tactics can be seen in the war between different ethnic groups even today, but any samurai in the capital who usually fought individually on a horse did not adopt it.
Japanese: このような戦法は、異民族間の戦争においては現代でも見られることであるが、騎馬武者の個人戦をベースとした京武者の感覚には無い。
English: There is a description that in the end of the battle at the Kanazawa barrier the Yoshiie army which surrounded it remembered the dreadful defeat at Numanosaku in the previous year, which was written as 'Suffering from big snow, the Imperial army lost advantages for fighting and many soldiers died of coldness and hunger, or ate horse meat,' wrote a letter and sent anything which could be changed to traveling cost for their wives and children who remained at kokufu (provincial office, i.e., the Taga castle) to be able to go back to Kyoto after their death.
Japanese: 金沢の柵での戦いの終盤で冬になり、柵を包囲する義家軍も「大雪に遭い、官軍、戦うに利をうしない、軍兵多くは寒さに死し飢えて死す、或いは馬肉を切りて食し・・・」（康富記）という、前年の沼柵での悲惨な敗北を思い出し、自分が死んだあと、国府（多賀城）に残る妻子が、なんとか京へ帰れるようにと、手紙を書き、旅賃に変えられそうなものを送り届けるシーンがある。
English: It seems that they were roto for administration staff as temporary contract employees whom Yoshiie had brought in order to govern his ningoku (place of appointment) for five or six years.
Japanese: それも5年から6年の任国統治の為に、最初から引き連れてきた行政のスタッフ、期間契約社員としての郎党（館の者共）と見られる。
English: According to the theory in the third quarter of the 20th century, Yoshiie was considered to have fought in Gosannen no Eki with many samurai of Kanto region.
Japanese: 20世紀第三四半期の学説では、義家は多くの関東の武士を引き連れて、後三年の役を戦ったとされる。
English: But it could be impossible that they had brought wives and children in a temporary war during an off-season for farmers.
Japanese: しかし、農閑期の一時的な出稼ぎ戦争に、妻子を伴ってくるようなことはあり得ない。
English: In addition, many samurai of the Kanto region followed MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi in Zen Kunen no Eki because of the Imperial order.
Japanese: 更に、前九年の役でも源頼義に、関東の武士が沢山従ったが、それは朝廷の命令があったからである。
English: It seems that armed groups grew greatly and the samurai of the Minamoto clan became their head.
Japanese: この間に、武士団の大きな成長、源氏の武士の棟梁への上昇があった、と見られてきた。
English: Then, we will examine the characters of Yoshiie's roto in "Oshu Gosannen Ki" which was the oldest historical material that transmitted the detail of Gosannen no Eki.
Japanese: そこで、後三年の役の現地の様子を伝える最古の史料、『奥州後三年記』の中で、義家の郎党として出てくる登場人物を見ていくことにする。
English: Since he was conferred to goi, it can be guessed that he showed up in Kyoto or served Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) or other influential families.
Japanese: 五位に叙爵されていることで、在京活動、あるいは摂関家その他権門への臣従が想定される。
English: The word '兼' of 兼仗 (Kenjo) is correctly written by using the letters of '人' (person) and '兼' (combine), and the word '仗' refers to a weapon, so that its ballpark role can be guessed by the words of 'person, combine, and a weapon.'
Japanese: 兼仗の「兼」は正確には「人べんに兼」、「仗」は武器、「人、兼ねる、武器」でおおよその役割は想像できよう。
English: For example, Chinju-fu shogun (Commander in Chief of the Defense of the North) could put Kenjo as a follower who was selected and admitted by Shogun.
Japanese: 例えば鎮守府将軍の場合は、将軍判授（将軍が選んで朝廷に申請）の従者として兼仗を置くことが出来た。
English: Motohisa YASUDA insists that FUJIWARA no Kagemichi in 'Mutsu Waki' corresponds to Kagemichi KAMAKURA and that it is reasonable to consider that his younger brother KAMAKURA Gon no kami (provisional governor) Kagenari was adopted by TAIRA no Tomonari, a son of TAIRA no Yoshimasa, as a son and his son was Gongoro Kagemasa.
Japanese: 安田元久は、「陸奥話記」の、藤原景通こそ鎌倉景通だとし、その弟、鎌倉権守景成が平良正の子、致成（ともなり）の養子となって、その子が権五郎景政とするのが最も妥当としている。
English: Although "Sonpi Bunmyaku" (a text compiled in thefourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) followed this theory, this adoption has not been confirmed.
Japanese: 『尊卑分脈』はこの説をとるが、この養子関係等についてはまだ確認されていない。
English: FUJIWARA no Kagemichi was a samurai in the imperial capital who was based in the Mino Province and became Kaga no suke (Assistant governor of Kaga Province), and his descendants began to use the name Kato.
Japanese: 藤原景通は美濃を本拠とした京武者で加賀介となり、そこからその子孫は加藤を名乗るようになる。
English: If Yasuda's assumption is true, it is highly probable that he was mobilized because of the connection between samurai in the imperial capital, that is, the fact that he was a child of roto (allied troops) in Kyoto.
Japanese: 仮に安田の想定通りであれば、京における郎党（同盟軍）の子弟という、京武者コネクションでの動員の可能性が高くなる。
English: However, both Minoru NOGUCHI and Yasuo MOTOKI guess that he was a grandchild of TAIRA no Sadamichi (Sadamitsu USUI), a roto of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, who appeared in 'A story that Yorinobu asked TAIRA no Sadamichi to kill a person' in the tenth section of volume 25 of "Konjaku Monogatari Shu."
Japanese: しかし、野口実、元木泰雄両名は、『今昔物語集』巻第二十五第十「依頼信言平貞道切人頭語」に出てくる源頼光の郎党、平貞通（道）（碓井貞光）の孫と推定している。