nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The "Nihonshoki" describes that he was the Kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor so is heir apparent) of his older brother the Emperor Tenchi to begin with; however, some say that the book tries to deny the fact that the Emperor Kobun actually was the investiture of the Crown Prince, and justifies his succession to the imperial throne.
Japanese: また同書では当初から兄・天智天皇の皇太弟であると記されているが、弘文天皇の立太子の事実を否定し天皇の皇位継承を正当化する意図があるとする意見もある。
English: Some argue that the Emperor Tenmu changed the old name, 'Okimi' (great king) into 'Tenno' (emperor).
Japanese: 天武天皇がそれ以前の大王という呼称を「天皇」に改めるよう命じたのではないかと見るものもある。
English: The theory which argues that the Emperor Tenmu started using the title, 'Tenno' (emperor), is widely accepted.
Japanese: 天皇の称号は天武天皇が始めたとする説が広く支持されており、非常に有力となっている。
English: According to this theory, the Emperor Tenmu was virtually the first emperor in Japan. (however, some say the title 'Tenno' (emperor) was first used much earlier, in the era of the Empress Suiko and some say much later, after 701 AD.)
Japanese: これによれば、天武天皇が事実上の初代天皇だったこととなる（ただし、天皇号をより早く推古期に求める説や、遅く大宝以降とする説もある）。
English: People started to think of the emperor as a more god-like figure than before, and for this reason the court poet KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro wrote a poem saying 'Okimi (the emperor) is a god.'
Japanese: また、宮廷歌人柿本人麻呂の歌にも「大君は神にしませば」で始まる歌があるように天皇自身の存在もそれまでとは違う神格的な存在となっていった。
English: The below is a poem written by the meritorious vassal of the Jinshin War OTOMO no Miyuki after the Jinshin War, included in "Manyoshu" (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
Japanese: “万葉集”に壬申の乱が平定されてからの歌として、その乱での功臣大伴御行の作品で
English: "Okimi has changed the deep-soaking rice field, in which even a red-haired horse could sink up to its belly, into a great city, because he is a god."
Japanese: 大君は神であるので、赤駒が腹までつかるような田んぼまですっかり立派な都につくりかえられられた。
English: He defeated Prince Otomo (the Emperor Kobun), the son of Emperor Tenchi, in the Jinshin War, and ascended the throne at the Asuka Kiyohara no miya Imperial residence.
Japanese: 壬申の乱で天智天皇の息子である大友皇子（弘文天皇）を破り、飛鳥浄御原宮で即位する。
English: According to "Nihonshoki," it was agreed that the powerful Prince Oama would be the next emperor, however, contrary to the paper, in fact Prince Oama ascended the throne after defeating Prince Otomo.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』によるならば周知の事実として次期天皇は実力にも恵まれた大海人皇子と合意がなされていたが、反乱をおこした大友皇子を滅ぼした恰好となっている。
English: The fact about whether Prince Otomo was already the emperor at that time or not is still open to debate, because it decided who had rights and who didn't.
Japanese: この際に大友皇子が即位していたか否かで正統性が一方に傾くため、議論が絶えない。
English: If Prince Otomo already had ascended the throne then Prince Oama was the one who wrested the Imperial Throne from Prince Otomo.
Japanese: もし大友皇子が正統に即位していたならば、大海人皇子は皇位を簒奪したことになる。
English: In June 673, in order to establish bureaucracy, he decided to appoint officials who were from Kinai Province and were in the service of the court, Otoneri (Royal Attendant), and later gave them government posts depending on their ability.
Japanese: 天武元年（673年）5月に官僚機構の整備として畿内出身者で宮仕えするものはまず大舎人としその後才能を斟酌して官職を与えるようにした。
English: Not only the government officials (esp. one of low to medium rank) but also the common people could apply for the position of Otoneri.
Japanese: しかし、同時にこの大舎人の門戸は官人のみならず庶民にも門戸を開いていたものでもあった。
English: In 676, he opened the door of becoming government officials to people from outside Kinai Province, and appointed them in the position of Hyoe (palace guard) from the beginning.
Japanese: 天武5年（676年）、畿外の人々にも官人への道を開き、彼らには最初は兵衛として宮城の警護の役目を与えた。
English: In 678, he also set up the promotion system related to service evaluation and rank promotion of government officials.
Japanese: また天武7年（678年）、官人の勤務評定（考）や官位の昇進（選）に関して考選法を定めた。
English: In 684, he enacted the Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) so as to establish the order of social status within the imperial court, and put the new system indicating court ranks by headgear colors in effect and made Imperial Princes able to gain court rank.
Japanese: さらに天武13年（684年）、八色の姓を制定して朝廷の身分秩序を確立し新冠位制を施行して冠位賦与を親王にまで拡大した。
English: In order to weaken Gozoku (local ruling family), he abolished Buqu (a serf) and also reformed the Jikifu system.
Japanese: 豪族の弱体化策として豪族に与えられていた部曲（かきべ）を廃止し、食封制度も改革した。
English: For this reason, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and Daibenkan (Major Controller) conducted the affairs of state and the position of Nagon without any practical power was given to the bureaucrats of high rank.
Japanese: これに対応して行政機構も太政官と大弁官が並立し上層官僚貴族には実質的な権力を伴わない納言の官職が与えられた。
English: The Emperor Tenmu didn't appoint any ministers during his reign so as to strengthen the Tenno Ship Politics.
Japanese: また、天武天皇は皇親政治を徹底するためにその治世中、大臣を1人も置かなかった。
English: According to "Nihonshoki" he ordered Ise no o (伊勢王) to create borders separating countries in November 684.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』天武13年（684年）10月の条に「伊勢王等を遣して、諸国の堺を定めしむ」とある。
English: The Daijo-sai festival (a festival to celebrate the succession of an emperor) was separated from the Niiname-sai festival (ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly-harvested rice to the deities) around this time and still is today.
Japanese: またこの頃から新嘗祭と大嘗祭の区別などがされ、現在にまで継承されている。
English: As for Buddhism, as the construction of the Daikandai-ji Temple was proceeded, the control of monks and nuns was strengthened.
Japanese: 仏教に対しても大官大寺等の造営が進められるとともに僧尼の統制が強化された。
English: According to one estimate the Emperor Tenmu (Tenmu Tenno) started using the Title of Emperor (Tenno). (some say the Emperor Suiko started using the title.)
Japanese: 一説によると天皇号の使用も天武天皇が始めたとされる（天皇号の始まりは推古天皇説などもある）。
English: Senseidai (astrology station) and Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) were established probably because the Emperor was good at Astrology, or they were influenced by the nations under the Ritsuryo codes like Tang and Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom), in which Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) was popular.
Japanese: 天皇自身、占星を得意としたのに加え、当時陰陽道などが律令国家である唐や新羅で盛んに行われたのが影響もしてか占星台や陰陽寮も設置させている。
English: Yakushi-ji Temple was built in Asuka and later moved to the present location. (The original site of Yakushi-ji Temple is located in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, and now is called Moto-yakushi-ji Temple (former Yakushi-ji Temple).)
Japanese: ただしこの薬師寺の建立地は飛鳥であり、現在の地ではない（現在、この薬師寺の址として奈良県橿原市に本薬師寺址という史跡が存在する）。
English: The palace in Nanba (Naniwa) was Baito (陪都) (secondary capital city) that was the emulation of the multi-capital system of the nations like Tang.
Japanese: この難波の宮殿は唐などの複都制に倣った陪都（副都）であるとされている。
English: According to one estimate, building of Fujiwara-kyo was also started in the era of the Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: また、藤原京の建造を開始したのも天武天皇のときであるとする説もある。
English: On the diplomatic front, they started accepting Shiragi-shi (envoy of Silla) and sending Kenshiragi-shi (Japanese envoy to Silla) because Shiragi unified the Korean Peninsula as one country in 676, and to secure the diplomatic relations with Shiragi they broke off diplomatic relations with Tang.
Japanese: 外交面においては新羅の朝鮮半島統一（676年）により新羅使の来朝を受け遣新羅使を派遣、新羅との国交保持のため新羅と対立していた唐との国交を断絶した。
English: It is said that HIEDA no Are who performed Kataribe (a reciter) when "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) was compiled, was ordered to recite the "Teiki" by the Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 後に、「古事記」編さんの際に語り部を行った稗田阿礼は天武天皇からこの帝紀を暗誦するよう命じられたといわれる。
English: On May 19, 675 the Emperor Tenmu enacted a new law prohibiting a meat diet; conserving alevin was required and eating, beef, horse meat, dog meat, meat of Japanese monkey, and chicken was banned from May 3 to October 27.
Japanese: 天武4年4月17日(旧暦)（675年5月19日）のいわゆる肉食禁止令で4月1日(旧暦)（5月3日）から9月30日(旧暦)（10月27日）までの間、稚魚の保護と五畜（ウシ・ウマ・イヌ・ニホンザル・ニワトリ）の肉食を禁止する。
English: On May 19, 675 the Emperor Tenmu enacted a new law prohibiting a meat diet; conserving alevin was required and eating, beef, horse meat, dog meat, meat of Japanese monkey, and chicken was banned from May 3 to October 27.
Japanese: 庚寅詔諸國曰自今以後制諸漁獵者莫造檻阱及施機槍等類亦四月朔以後九月三十日以前莫置比滿沙伎理梁且莫食牛馬犬猿雞之肉以外不在禁例若有犯者罪之-『日本書紀』
English: It is said that the earliest Japanese coin, Fuhonsen coin was also issued in the era of the Emperor Tenmu.
Japanese: 現在日本最古の貨幣とされている「富本銭」も天武天皇の時代に発行されたとされている。
English: The Emperor Tenmu issued a Mikotonori (imperial edict) saying 'Wars are the heart of politics,' and ordered the government officials that lived in Kinai Province to train with weapons and practice horseback riding.
Japanese: 「政（まつりごと）の要は軍事（いくさのこと）なり」と記した詔を発し、畿内の官人らに武器や乗馬の訓練をするように命じている。
English: Probably as a part of the policy to put the Japanese nation under the Ritsuryo codes, he ordered the nation to change the hairstyle to Mizura, which was unique to Japan, in 681.
Japanese: 律令国家を目指しての政策の一環としてか、天武11年（681年）にはそれまでの日本独自の髪型である角髪を改めるように命じている。
English: In 682, they started using the color of Chofuku (cloths which the people who come to work at the court on a regular basis wear) to indicate one's Ikai (Court rank) instead of the color of the court caps.
Japanese: また、天武12年（682年）には位階を示す色を従来の冠の色から朝服の色に変更している。
English: A strongly-rooted theory still argues that the Emperor Tenchi wasn't the brother of the Emperor Tenmu, and another strongly-rooted theory says the Emperor Tenmu was either the Emperor Tenchi's older paternal half-brother or the older maternal half-brother.
Japanese: しかし、「天智と天武は兄弟ではなかった」「天武は天智の異母兄、若しくは異父兄だったのではないか」といった説も根強く言われている。
English: It is because while "Nihonshoki" says that the Emperor Tenchi was born in 626, "Ichidai Yoki" (summary chronicle of each reign) and "Honcho koin jounroku" (the Emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period) says that the Emperor Tenmu was born in 622 and "Konendai ryakki" (Short Imperial Chronicle) says he was born in 623 which is a few years earlier than that of the Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代に成立した『一代要記』や『本朝皇胤紹運録』、『皇年代略記』ではそれぞれ生年が推古天皇30年（622年）・31年（623年）と考えられ『日本書紀』での天智天皇の生年・推古天皇34年（626年）を上回る事等がその根拠とされている。
English: Although according to a well known theory, the Emperor Tenmu and Aya no kimi, who was the son of the Empress Kogyoku and her former husband Takamukuo, was actually the same person (therefore the Emperor Tenmu was the older maternal half-brother of the Emperor Tenchi); there are no contradictions within the historical materials (The details are as follows.)
Japanese: 特に母の皇極天皇が舒明天皇の前に結婚していた高向王との間に生まれた漢王と同一人物（つまり、天武異父兄説）ではないかとする考えが有名であるが、同一史料には矛盾は見られない（詳しくは下記参照）。
English: Also there is criticism against the theory, which says that it is not right to compare papers like "Ichidai Yoki" with "Nihonshoki" in equal measure because they were compiled in different times and under different situations.
Japanese: そしてこれら一代要記等の史料と日本書紀は編纂された時代も性質も異なり、同列で比較するのはおかしいという反論もある。
English: Although some researchers don't agree, the academy claims that the Emperor Tenmu was 55 (56) years old when he passed away and the year of birth should be in 631 if you back-calculate, even though the papers like "Ichidaiyoki" say he was 65 years old, because the academy thinks that the compilers of those papers mistook 55 for 65 in the text-editing operation.
Japanese: 学会では「『一代要記』などの65歳は56歳（同55歳）の写し間違いであり、逆算して631年生まれである」としているが、無理があると反対する研究者もいる。
English: The dates of birth of the Emperor Tenchi and the Emperor Tenmu indicated in major historical papers other than "Nihonshoki" (left: the Emperor Tenchi, right: the Emperor Tenmu).
Japanese: 日本書紀以外の主な史料の天智・天武の生年（左が天智、右が天武の生年）。
English: "Ichidaiyoki" - 619, 622
Japanese: 一代要記・・・・・・・・・推古天皇27年（619年）・30年（622年）
English: "Jinno Shoto-roku" (a record of authentic line of emperor) and "Honcho koin jounroku" (the Emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period) - 614, 622
Japanese: 神皇正統録・本朝皇胤紹運録・・・推古天皇22年（614年）・30年（622年）
English: "Konendai ryakki" - 614, 623
Japanese: 皇年代略記・・・・・・・推古天皇22年（614年）・31年（623年）
English: 668: It is said that he was put up to be the Kotaitei of the Emperor Tenchi (some disagree).
Japanese: 天智天皇7年（668年）天智天皇の皇太弟に立てられたとされる（否定する説もある）。
English: 671: Although the Emperor Tenchi, who was severely ill, he asked the Prince Oama (the Emperor Tenmu) to look after his affairs when he was gone, the Prince Oama (the Emperor Tenmu) refused firmly and became a priest, moving to Yoshino.
Japanese: 天智天皇10年（671年）重病の天智天皇に後事を託されるも固辞し、出家して吉野に移る。
English: 672: the Prince Oama defeated the son of the Emperor Tenchi the Prince Otomo (the Emperor Kobun) in the Jinshin War
Japanese: 弘文天皇元年（672年）壬申の乱で天智天皇の息子である大友皇子（弘文天皇）を破る。
English: 678: The Emperor Tenmu set up the promotion system related to the service evaluation and rank promotion of government officials.
Japanese: 天武天皇7年（678年）官人の勤務評定や官位の昇進に関して考選法を定める。
English: He made the people like the Empress and the Prince Kusakabe swear not to fight each other over the right of succession to the imperial throne (Yoshino Pact).
Japanese: 皇后、草壁皇子らに皇位継承争いを起こさないよう誓わせる（吉野の盟約）。
English: 680: The Emperor Tenmu built Yakushi-ji Temple wishing the Empress to get back on her feet.
Japanese: 天武天皇9年（680年）皇后（後の持統天皇）の病気平癒のため薬師寺の建立を命じる。
English: After the death of the Empress Shotoku, the great-great-granddaughter of the Emperor Tenmu, the grandson of the Emperor Tenchi the Emperor Konin took over the imperial line.
Japanese: 玄孫の称徳天皇の崩御により、皇統は天武系から天智天皇の孫である光仁天皇に移った。
English: Although the Emperor Konin's empress was the Imperial Princess Inoe who was the paternal half-sister of the Empress Shotoku, the Emperor Kanmu, the son of the Emperor Konin and his concubine, took over the imperial line and it has continued up until today.
Japanese: 光仁天皇の皇后は称徳天皇の異母姉妹の井上内親王であるが、側室を母に持つ桓武天皇の系統が長く現在まで続く事になる。
English: Although the blood line of the Emperor Tenmu completely vanished from the Imperial line, a descendant of Imperial Prince Toneri was given the family name of KIYOHARA no Mahito and became the patriarch of the Kiyohara clan, and a descendant of Prince Takechi was given the family name of TAKASHINA no Mahito and became the patriarch of the Takashina clan; they both prospered for a long time.
Japanese: 天武天皇の血筋は皇統からは完全に絶えたものの、舎人親王の子孫が清原真人の姓を賜り清原氏の祖となり、高市皇子の子孫が高階真人の姓を賜り高階氏の祖となるなど、後世まで長く繁栄する。
English: However, as for the Takashina clan, because TAKASHINA no Morohisa, the eighth generation decedent of the Emperor Tenmu, was an adopted son, the line of Emperor Tenmu stopped there.
Japanese: 但し高階氏に関しては、天武天皇の雲孫（8代孫）に当たる高階師尚が養子なので、以降天武天皇血筋は継いでいない。
English: The mausoleum was robbed and most of the funerary goods were taken away in 1235.
Japanese: しかし、1235年（文暦2）に盗掘にあい、大部分の副葬品を盗まれた。
English: It is said that the casket was opened and the body was pulled out, hence the Emperor's skeleton and gray hair were all over in the sepulcher.
Japanese: また棺も暴かれ、遺体を引っ張り出したため、墓室内には天皇の遺骨と白髪が散乱していたという。
English: The cremains (her body was cremated) of his wife, the Empress Jito, were abandoned nearby and only the cinerary urn was taken away.
Japanese: 妻の持統天皇の遺骨は火葬されたため銀の骨壺に収められていたが、骨壺だけ奪い去られて遺骨は近くに遺棄された。
English: Also the condition of the rock chamber at that time was depicted in "Aoki no Sanryoki" written when the grave robbing happened.
Japanese: また、盗掘の際に作成された『阿不幾乃山陵記』に石室の様子が書かれている。
English: Empress Jito (645 – January 17, 703) was the forty-first imperial ruler (empress regnant) of Japan.
Japanese: 持統天皇（じとうてんのう・大化元年（645年）-大宝(日本)2年12月22日(旧暦)（703年1月13日））は、日本の第41代天皇。
English: Her shosei (rule without having officially ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne) began on October 4, 686, and following her enthronement, she ruled from February 17, 690 to August 25, 697.
Japanese: 女性天皇である（称制：朱鳥元年9月9日(旧暦)（686年10月1日）、在位：持統天皇4年1月1日(旧暦)（690年2月14日）-持統天皇11年8月1日(旧暦)（697年8月22日））。
English: She had two Japanese-style posthumous names: One was 'Oyamatoneko Ame no Hironohime no Mikoto,' which was used to refer to her in the description given in the "Shoku-Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued) of her cremation on January 31, 704; the other is 'Takamanohara Hiro no Hime no Sumeramikoto,' which was referred to in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) as the name given to her in 720, a time when other emperors also received that kind of name.
Japanese: 和風諡号は2つあり、『続日本紀』の大宝3年（703年）12月17日の火葬の際の「大倭根子天之廣野日女尊」（おほやまとねこあめのひろのひめのみこと）と、『日本書紀』の養老4年（720年）に代々の天皇とともに諡された「高天原廣野姫天皇」（たかまのはらひろのひめのすめらみこと）がある。
English: (The word 'Takamanohara' appears in "Nihonshoki" only twice; one is this reference of the Empress Jito and the other appears in a part of Volume four at the beginning.)
Japanese: （なお『日本書紀』において「高天原」が記述されるのは冒頭の第4の一書とこの箇所のみである。）
English: The Chinese-style posthumous name, Jito, was given after a phrase 'Keitai jito' (maintenance of the imperial rule) by OMI no Mifune who also gave posthumous names to other emperors.
Japanese: 漢風諡号、持統天皇は代々の天皇とともに淡海三船により、熟語の「継体持統」から持統と名付けられたとされる。
English: Her father was the Emperor Tenchi, and her mother was Ochi no Iratsume, a daughter of SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro.
Japanese: 天智天皇の娘で、母は蘇我倉山田石川麻呂の娘、遠智娘（おちのいらつめ）。
English: She married her father's younger maternal half-brother, Oama no Miko (Prince Oama, later the Emperor Tenmu), together with her older maternal half-sister, Ota no Himemiko.
Japanese: 同母姉の大田皇女とともに、父の同母弟である大海人皇子（のちの天武天皇）の妃となった。
English: In the later years of the Emperor Tenchi, disputes over the succession to the Imperial Throne estranged her husband Oama no Miko from her father the Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: 天智天皇の晩年には、皇位継承をめぐって夫・大海人皇子と父・天智天皇の仲が悪化。
English: After her husband's death, she killed Otsu no Miko (Prince Otsu), a son of her sister Ota no Himemiko, suspecting him to be a rebel.
Japanese: 夫の没後は、姉（大田皇女）の皇子・大津皇子を謀反の嫌疑をかけて殺した。
English: After several years of shosei, she ascended the throne as an empress regent at Asuka kiyomihara no miya Imperial residence in 690.
Japanese: 数年の称制を経て、自身が女帝として690年、飛鳥浄御原宮で即位した。
English: (There is a description in "Fuso ryakki" [A Brief History of Japan], saying 'the empress conducted shosei at the government in the year of hinotoi [which means 687 here]; that she ascended the throne four years after; and that she put the capital in the Fujiwara Palace, Asuka kiyomihara no miya, Takaichi County, Yamato Province.)
Japanese: （『扶桑略記』に、「皇后朝に臨んで称制し丁亥の歳をもって元年となす四年に至って即位し大和國高市郡明日香淨御原宮藤原宅に都す」とある）
English: She accomplished the construction of Yakushi-ji Temple in Yamato Province, which the Emperor Tenmu had started construction of with a prayer to God for healing the sickness of the empress during his life.
Japanese: 天武が、生前に皇后の病気平癒を祈願して造営を始めた大和国の薬師寺を完成させた。
English: Grandchildren: Karu no miko (the Emperor Monmu), Hitaka no Himemiko (the Empress Gensho), Imperial Princess Kibi (the empress of Nagaya-o [Prince Nagaya])
Japanese: 孫：珂瑠皇子（文武天皇）、氷高皇女（元正天皇）、吉備内親王（長屋王妃）
English: Their direct descendants formed the Imperial line from the Emperor Tenmu, and played an important role in the field of culture and politics during the Nara period.
Japanese: その系統は天武系の嫡流として奈良時代における文化・政治の担い手となった。
English: However, her great-great grandchild, the Empress Koken, was the last empress regent in the Imperial line from Emperor Tenmu, and the next emperor was Emperor Konin in the Imperial line from Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: しかしながら玄孫の孝謙天皇で天武天皇系から天智天皇系の光仁天皇に移った。
English: Their child, Imperial Prince Osabe (the Empress Jito's great-great-great grandchild) received the investiture of the Crown Prince as a symbol of fusion of the two Imperial lines of Tenchi and Tenmu.
Japanese: 間の子である他戸親王(持統天皇の来孫)が、天智・天武皇統融合の象徴として立太子された。
English: An older sister of Imperial Prince Osabe, Imperial Princess Sakahito got married to the Emperor Kanmu, and gave birth to Imperial Princess Asahara, who got married to the Emperor Heizei.
Japanese: 他戸親王の姉の酒人内親王は桓武天皇の妃となり、朝原内親王(平城天皇の妃)を儲けた。
English: Among the Empress Jito's descendents who demoted from nobility to subject, her great-great-great-great grandchild Mineo no Miko (Prince Mineo) received the surname of TAKASHINA no Mahito in 844, and became an ancestor of the Takashina clan.
Japanese: 臣籍降下した中では承和(日本)11年（844年）に昆孫の峯緒王が高階真人姓を賜り高階氏の祖となった。
English: However, his child, Shigenori TAKASHINA (the Empress Jito's great-great-great-great-great grandchild) had the position of family head succeeded to his adopted child, so the Imperial line of the Empress Jito ended at his generation.
Japanese: しかしながら子の高階茂範(持統天皇の仍孫)は養子を取り家督を継がせているため、彼を最後に持統天皇の系統は断絶することになった。
English: The Empress Jito had great grandchildren, including Hironari no Miko (Prince Hironari) and Hiroyo no Miko (Prince Hiroyo), who had to demote to subject, so their descendents are unknown.
Japanese: 但し皇子の身分を剥奪された曾孫の広成皇子・広世皇子両皇子など、歴史の闇の彼方へ姿を消すものもある。
English: Her tanka (31 syllables' poem) appears in Manyoshu volume one as the 28th zoka (poems other than love poems and elegies), and her name is referred to as the Empress at Fujiwara Palace (Takamanohara Hirono Hime no Sumeramikoto; who started ruling in 686 for 11 years, abdicated the throne to Karu no Hitsugi no miko [Emperor Monmu] and became a Daijo Tenno [the retired empress]).
Japanese: 万葉歌人としても万葉集巻1雑歌28に藤原宮御宇天皇代（高天原廣野姫天皇元年丁亥11年譲位軽太子尊号曰太上天皇）天皇御製歌として名を留めている。
English: She was buried with her husband the Emperor Tenmu, and her ashes were kept in a silver urn.
Japanese: 天武天皇とともに合葬され、持統天皇の遺骨は銀の骨壺に収められていた。
English: And the investigation report of the robbery, "Afuki no sanryoki," describes its rock chamber.
Japanese: また、盗掘の際に作成された『阿不幾乃山陵記』に石室の様子が書かれている。
English: Emperor Keiko (13 B.C. - December 23, A.D. 130) was the twelfth emperor (reign: August 22, A.D. 71-December 23, A.D. 130), being described in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) and "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).
Japanese: 景行天皇（けいこうてんのう、垂仁天皇17年（紀元前13年）-景行天皇60年11月7日(旧暦)（130年12月24日））は、『古事記』『日本書紀』に記される第12代の天皇（在位：景行天皇元年7月11日(旧暦)（71年8月24日）-同60年11月7日（130年12月24日））。
English: A Japanese-style posthumous name was 大足彦忍代別天皇 (Otarashihiko oshirowake no Sumeramikoto) and it was written as 大帯日子淤斯呂和氣天皇 in Kojiki.
Japanese: 和風諡号は大足彦忍代別天皇（おおたらしひこおしろわけのすめらみこと）・大帯日子淤斯呂和氣天皇（古事記）。
English: Not only the twelfth Emperor Keiko, the thirteenth Emperor Seimu and the fourteenth Emperor Chuai, but also the thirty-fourth Emperor Jomei and the thirty-fifth Emperor Kogyoku, who really existed and were certainly on the throne in the early seventh century, had the title "Tarashihiko."
Japanese: 「タラシヒコ」という称号は12代景行、13代成務、14代仲哀の3天皇が持ち、時代が下って7世紀前半に在位したことが確実な34代舒明、35代皇極の両天皇も同じ称号をもつ。
English: For this reason, there is a theory that the title "Tarashihiko" was made and used in the early seventh century, and this title was given to the twelfth to fourteenth Emperors after the seventh century, so existence of Emperor Keiko is being questioned.
Japanese: このことから、タラシヒコの称号は7世紀前半のものであるとして、12,13,14代の称号は後世の造作と考える説があり、景行天皇の実在性には疑問が出されている。
English: Story of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto is described in most part of Kojiki and Nihonshoki, while Teiki (a genealogy of the imperial family) is described in the rest part of them, so their historicity is questionable.
Japanese: 記紀の記事は多くが日本武尊（やまとたける）の物語で占められ、残るのは帝紀部分のみになり史実性には疑いが持たれる。
English: The capital was Makimuku no hishiro no miya (it is considered to be possibly current Anashi, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 都は纒向日代宮（まきむくのひしろのみや、現在の奈良県桜井市穴師か）。
English: In his later years, he visited Omi Province in 128, and after he stayed in Shigatakaanahomiya (present Anou, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) for three years, he died in 130.
Japanese: 晩年の景行天皇58年（128年）に、近江国に行幸、志賀高穴穂宮（しがのたかあなほのみや、現在の滋賀県大津市穴太）に3年間滞在した後、同60年（130年）崩御。
English: In August, 71, he ascended the throne and appointed Harima no inabi no ooiratsume to the Empress the next year.
Japanese: 景行天皇元年（71年）7月に即位、翌年に播磨稲日大郎を皇后に立てる。
English: In 74, he visited Mino Province and stayed at Kukurinomiya (Kani City, Gifu Prefecture).
Japanese: 4年（74年）、美濃国に行幸し、泳宮（くくりのみや、岐阜県可児市）に滞在。
English: In 82, since Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) disobeyed him, the Emperor himself left for the west to conquer them in August.
Japanese: 景行12年（82年）熊襲が背いたので、これを征伐すべく、8月に天皇自ら西下。
English: He got the information about rebels from Kamunatsusohime at saba (the land under direct control of an emperor), Suo Province (Hofu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture) and killed them.
Japanese: 周防国の娑麼（さば、山口県防府市）で神夏磯媛から賊の情報を得て誅殺した。
English: Then, he entered Chikushi (Kyushu) and set up the temporal shrine in Miyako-gun, Buzen Province (Yukuhashi City, Fukuoka Prefecture).
Japanese: 筑紫（九州）に入り、豊前国京都郡（福岡県行橋市）に行宮（かりみや）を設ける。
English: After he executed tsuchigumo (those in ancient times who were not subjects of the Yamato court) in Okita, Bungo Province, he finally entered Hyuga Province.
Japanese: 豊後国の碩田（おおきた）で土蜘蛛を誅して、11月ようやく日向国に入る。