nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Yodo kojo Castle is full of historic events, but there is a lack of information on castle construction unlike with the nearby Yodo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 淀古城については数多い歴史があるが、近隣の淀城と違って城郭は不明な点が多い。
English: The details of the Tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle) are unknown, but the "Komai nikki" (diary of Shigekatsu KOMAI) described the existence of Tenshu in Yodo kojo Castle.
Japanese: 天守に関しても詳細は不明であるが、『駒井日記』には淀古城の天守が存在していた事が記載されている。
English: Keiji Bypass Kumiyama Yodo Interchange → Kyoto prefectural road No.15, Uji Yodo Route → Kyoto prefectural road No.126, Shinmachi Teishajo-line →Kyoto-Moriguchi-line, Kyoto Fudo 13 Go and Osaka Fudo 13 Go (Kyoto/Osaka Prefectural Road No.13)
Japanese: 京滋バイパス　久御山淀インターチェンジ　→　京都府道15号宇治淀線　→　京都府道126号新町淀停車場線　→　京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線
English: Hashirama is a bay, space or distance between two pillars of a palace and so on in traditional Japanese architecture.
Japanese: 柱間（はしらま）は、伝統的な日本建築において、殿舎などの柱と柱との間（あいだ）のことである。
English: To express the dimension of the exterior surface of a building, the number of bays between two pillars is usually used instead of the sizes.
Japanese: 建築物の外観平面の形式を表現するとき、ふつうは寸法をいうことはなく、柱間の数であらわす。
English: In this case, Hashirama of Maguchi (width) is referred to as 'Ken' and that of Okuyuki (depth) as 'Men' (Sometimes Men is expressed as 'Depth is so-and-so Ken').
Japanese: その場合、間口（まぐち）の柱間は「間」（けん）といい、奥行の柱間は「面」という（面は「深さ何間」ということもある）。
English: For instance, 'Seven Ken and five Men' means the number of Hashirama of Maguchi is seven and that of Okuyuki is five.
Japanese: たとえば、「七間五面」というのは、間口の柱間は7つ、奥行の柱間は5つという意味である。
English: Since it has nothing to do with an actual dimension, the expression, a simply-expressed 'Seven Ken and five Men' may possibly mean that Okuyuki is longer than Maguchi.
Japanese: 実際の寸法とは無関係であるから、ひとくちに七間五面といっても、奥行が間口よりも大きい場合もあり得るわけである。
English: When the numbers of Ken and Men are equal like 'Three Ken and three Men', it is sometimes expressed as 'Keda sangen' (three squared mats).
Japanese: また、間の数と面の数とが等しい場合、たとえば「三間三面」というかわりに、「方三間」ということがある。
English: In this case, as 'Ken' of 'Keda sangen' ('gen'='Ken') is liable to be mistaken for 'Ken' (=6 Shaku) (approx.1.818m） to express dimensions, attention should be paid.
Japanese: この場合、方三間の間（けん）が寸法の間（けん）（＝6尺）と間違われやすいので注意が必要である。
English: While Sanjusangendo Temple (thirty-three Ken hall) in Kyoto does not mean the length of the structure is 33 Gen (approx. 1.818 x 33 = 59.994m) long, the name derived from the fact that the number of Hashirama (bays) of the Naijin (the inner sanctum located in the main hall) of the structure is 33 and its actual length is 65 Ken (approx. 1.818 x 65 = 118.17m).
Japanese: 京都の三十三間堂は、堂の長さが33間（げん）であるという意味ではなくて、内陣の柱間33あることからの名称であって、実際の長さは約65間（けん）である。
English: Ikkensha' or 'Sangensha' regarding the main building of a Shinto shrine means that it has one or three Hashirama on the front facade of the building.
Japanese: また、神社の社殿において、「一間社」、あるいは「三間社」などというのは、建物の正面の柱間が1つ、あるいは3つあるという意味である。
English: And, in the case of large structures, sometimes, only the number of Hashirama on the front facade is mentioned, for instance, 'Daibutsu-den Ichiu Niju Juikken' (The Great Buddha hall, one two-story building with 11 bays), then it is possible to know there are 11 Hashirama on the front facade but not for the depth or the side only by this description.
Japanese: また、ときには、大きな建築で、正面の間（ま）数だけでいうこともあって、たとえば「大仏殿一宇二重十一間」といえば、正面の柱間が11あるということは分かるが、奥行つまり側面はこれだけでは知ることはできない。
English: Taka-jo Castles existed in Miyazaki Prefecture (former Hyuga Province); there were three castles that had this name.
Japanese: 高城（たかじょう）は宮崎県（旧日向国）にあった城で同名の城が3つ存在する。
English: It was built by and the home of Nobunao SAIGO, who ruled Isahaya no sho Estate (mostly corresponding to present-day Isahaya City) in the medieval period.
Japanese: 中世の伊佐早荘（現諫早市にほぼ相当）を領した西郷信尚が築城し、西郷氏の居城であった。
English: The castle, however, was taken by Ieharu RYUZOJI as a result of the Battle of Kyushu waged by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and in early-modern times, it became a residential castle of the Isahaya family, the offspring of Ieharu RYUZOJI.
Japanese: だが、豊臣秀吉の九州の役に伴い龍造寺家晴に奪われ、近世においては子孫の諫早家の居城となった。
English: The Kids' Science Museum of Photons which is located in Kansai Science City is the first science museum for photons in Japan.
Japanese: きっづ光科学館ふぉとん（きっづひかりかがくかんふぉとん）は関西文化学術研究都市にある光に関する日本ではじめての科学館である。
English: While 'Kizzu' of the museum's name derives from 'Kids (children)' and the name of the location 'Kizu,' 'Foton' from 'Photon' which means photon.
Japanese: 名称の「きっづ」は「kids(子供)」と所在地である「木津」に、「ふぉとん」は光子を意味する「フォトン(Photon)」に由来する。
English: This museum takes up as a theme 'Light' which is something familiar to human beings but full of wide-ranging wonders, so everybody can experience wonders of the light and enjoy and learn the basic nature of the light to the state-of-the-art technologies that utilize the light.
Japanese: 身近なものでありながら、さまざまな不思議に満ちた「光」をテーマにしており、光の不思議を体験し、光の基本的な性質から最先端の光の利用技術まで、楽しみながら学ぶことができる。
English: There are exhibits on the history and scientific technologies of light and also a full dome video projection hall where visitors are allowed to participate in and experience attractions through puzzles and so on.
Japanese: 光の歴史や科学技術に関する展示のほか、全天周映像ホールではクイズなどを通じて来館者が体験参加できる。
English: There is also a 'Laser lab' where demonstration experiments, etc. on light are conducted and workshops where manual work can be done, and so on.
Japanese: また、光に関する演示実験などを行う「レーザーラボ」や、工作教室なども実施されている。
English: During spring and summer holidays, special events are held, where scientific technologies, experiments/manual work on light which cannot be dealt with in the permanent exhibits can be experienced.
Japanese: 春休みや夏休みなどには特別イベントが開催され、常設展示では扱うことのできない科学技術や光に関する実験・工作が体験できる。
English: The museum keeps a science club for elementary school pupils and junior high students, where full-year group research activities and so on are conducted.
Japanese: また、小学生や中学生を対象としたサイエンスクラブがあり、1年間を通じたグループ研究活動などが行われている。
English: Free admission may apply for infants and those in tours as part of school education.
Japanese: また、幼児や学校教育の一環としての見学などに対する入館料免除がある。
English: Approx. 12-minute ride on Nara Kotsu Bus 'for Kamo Station (Kyoto Prefecture)' or 'for Kunimidai 8-Chome'
Japanese: 奈良交通バス「加茂駅(京都府)行き」または「州見台八丁目行き」約12分
English: Bansho (Bansho/Banjo) were builders engaged in wooden architecture in medieval Japan.
Japanese: 番匠（ばんしょう/ばんじょう）とは、中世日本において木造建築に関わった建築工のこと。
English: Bansho is regarded to derive from Banjoko (builders and maintenance workers in the Ritsuryo system) who took turns repairing in Kodai Ritsuryosei (ancient East Asian system of centralized governance).
Japanese: 古代律令制において交替で営繕に従事した番上工（ばんじょうこう）に由来するとされる。
English: They originally belonged to the construction-related government officials (Shurishiki (repair offices), Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry), Zojishi (provisional government office for construction and repair of the governmental temples) and so on) and the local authorities (Kokuga (provincial government offices), Kokubun-ji (provincial monasteries and so on) and, if needed, made trips for work, and when the Kamakura period started, free Bansho who did not belong to any organization increased in number centering around urban areas, which resulted in keen competition among Bansho, thus Daikushiki was established from the 13th to 14th century as a system to control the contracting rights for work.
Japanese: 元は建築関連の官司（修理職・木工寮・造寺司など）や地方機関（国衙・国分寺など）などに所属し、必要に応じて他所に出作していたが、鎌倉時代に入ると都市を中心として特定の組織に属しない散在工が増加し、番匠間に競争が激化したため、13世紀から14世紀にかけて作事請負権を掌る職の体系として大工職が成立した。
English: The 'Daiku' serving as Daikushiki played a role of leading Bansho lower than Inzu/Toryo (head of carpenters) and was supposed to be appointed by the employer, but the title of Daikushiki was sometimes transferred or sold and the employer's right of appointment lost substance.
Japanese: 大工職を務める「大工」は引頭・棟梁以下の番匠を統率する役目を担い雇主によって補任されるものであったが、譲与や売買によって大工職が移動することがあり、雇主の補任権限が形骸化した。
English: In addition, conflicts arose regarding Daikushiki and the contracting right for work was abused as a special privilege, which led to a steep rise of wages due to demanding high wages to the employer and led to delay and refusal of work, so the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government) ordered abolishment of the Daikushiki system, which was then gradually breaking down.
Japanese: 更に大工職を巡る相論や作事請負権を特権化させて反対に雇主に高い賃金を要求したことによって賃金の高騰や作業の遅滞・忌避が行われるようになり、永正7年（1510年）に室町幕府が大工職の撤廃を命じると次第に解体されていった。
English: Bansho were not required to pay tax other than to pay the appointment fee for Daikushiki and only belonged to the loose organization under the Toryo class, not like other occupations where they became Kugonin (purveyors to the Imperial household) and Jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) or formed guilds.
Japanese: 番匠は大工職の補任料を納める以外に租税負担が無く、他の職種のように供御人や神人になったり座を結成することもなく、棟梁層による緩やかな組織が存在しているのみであった。
English: At the beginning of the 16th century, Daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period came to appoint powerful Toryo as Daiku (head of builders) (Kunidaiku/Gundaiku) of the Daimyos' own territory and let them control the Bansho in the territory.
Japanese: 16世紀に入ると戦国大名が有力な棟梁を領国の大工（国大工・郡大工）に任じて領内の番匠を統率させるようになる。
English: Such a system of control over builders by the Daimyo was handed down to the carpenter organization in the feudal system, characteristic of the Shogunate.
Japanese: こうした大名による職人支配の体制が幕藩体制の大工組織へと継承されることになる。
English: Korai-mon Gate is a castle gate which started to be constructed during the Bunroku-Keicho War from 1592 to 1598.
Japanese: 高麗門は、文禄・慶長の役が行われた1592年から1598年の間に造られ始めた城門である。
English: It is a simplified type of the structure of the Yakui-mon gate (a gate architecture) with a large roof supported by Kagamibashira (main front pillars) and Hikaebashira (rear support pillars), for which ingenuity was exercised in reducing blind spots for defense by making the roof smaller.
Japanese: 鏡柱と控柱を一つの大きな屋根に収める構造の薬医門を簡略化したもので、屋根を小ぶりにして守備側の死角を減らす工夫が施された。
English: After the Edo period, many of them were constructed not only for castles but for shrines and temples, and for the gateways to towns as ｋido-mon gates, and so on.
Japanese: 江戸時代以降には、城郭に限らず神社仏閣や町の出入り口を仕切る木戸門などとして多く築造された。
English: The four pillars stand upright, and a small Kirizuma yane (gable roof) is placed on the two Kagamibashira connected by a Kabuki (horizontal beam) and a small Kirizuma yane is also placed between the Kagamibashira and the Hikaebashira in the rear.
Japanese: 4本の柱は直立しており、2本の鏡柱上に冠木を渡して小さな切妻造を被せ、鏡柱と内側の控え柱の間にも小さな切妻屋根を被せる。
English: Until the Keicho era, the roof is placed directly on the Kabuki like the Himeji-jo Castle 'He no mon Gate' and the Nagoya-jo Castle 'Honmaru Ni no mon Gate,' but after the early Edo period, gates with Tsuka (short upright materials) on top of the Kabuki, which makes a wall extend upwards, came to be constructed like the Korai-mon Gate, Edo-jo Castle 'Soto sakurada mon Gate.'
Japanese: 慶長年間までは姫路城「への門」や名古屋城「本丸二の門」のように直接、冠木に屋根をかけていたが、江戸時代初期以降に、江戸城「外桜田門」の高麗門のように冠木の上に束が立てられ、小壁が立ち上がった姿のものが造られるようになった。
English: Kyo-yashiki residences were Hantei (residence) maintained in Kyoto by Daimyo (feudal lord) of Han (domains) in the Edo period.
Japanese: 京屋敷（きょうやしき）は、江戸時代に諸藩が京都に設置した藩邸のこと。
English: While the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) did not want Daimyo of domains to contact the Imperial court, it maintained the Nijo-jodai (the keeper of Nijo-jo Castle)/the Nijo zaiban (resident officer of Bakufu) and the Kyoto shoshidai (the Bakufu military governor stationed in Kyoto)/the Kyoto gundai (rural intendants) in Kyoto which was the center base of the Edo bakufu for controlling the Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)), and there were many of Kyo-yashiki residences in Kyoto.
Japanese: 江戸幕府は諸大名が朝廷と接触することを望まなかったが、その一方で二条城代・二条在番や京都所司代・京都ｃが設置され、江戸幕府の西国支配の中心地であった京都には多くの京屋敷が置かれていた。
English: At the stage of 1637, 68 of the daimyo yashiki (mansion of a feudal lord) (including 48 of the Saigoku daimyo's)/over 60 of the Daikan's (rural intendants) and other Buke-yashiki (samurai residence) were identified.
Japanese: 寛永14年（1637年）の段階で大名屋敷68（うち西国系が48）・代官及びその他武家屋敷が60余り確認されている。
English: The former had their Kyo-yashiki around the periphery of Nijo-jo Castle, the core of the control of Kyoto by Bakufu, because they lived in Kyoto sometimes as a place for their assignments by Bakufu.
Japanese: 前者の場合は幕府の役職に就いて京都に赴任する場合があり、京屋敷も幕府の京都支配の中核である二条城の周辺に設置されていた。
English: The Kyo-yashiki of the Tozama daimyo, contrarily, were allowed to maintain only low-level officials such as Rusui (caretaker or keeper (official post in the Edo era)) and in some cases, the management of a Kyo-yashiki was entrusted to a purveyor.
Japanese: これに対して、外様大名の京屋敷は留守居など下級役人しか置けず、場合によっては御用達を務める商人に管理が委託されている場合もあった。
English: In addition, most of the land for the Kyo-yashiki residences was purchased by domains which desired to maintain the residences, so the taxes like the Nokiyaku tax/Yakugin tax were imposed as in the case of the general townspeople without exemption.
Japanese: また、京屋敷の用地はほとんどの場合は設置を望む藩が買得した土地であったため、一般の町人と同様に軒役・役銀などの租税の賦課がかけられ、免除されることは無かった。
English: Some of the reasons why the Kyo-yashiki residences were maintained despite such situations were the facts that Kyoto was a representative production district of Japan for artifacts and also the center of learning/culture even in the particular period when the political power of the Imperial court fell down.
Japanese: それでも京屋敷が置かれた背景には朝廷の政治的権威が失墜したこの時代にあっても京都は日本を代表する工芸品の生産地であり、学問・文化の中心都市でもあった。
English: Also, Kyoto had many of consumers in each social class, from the Court noble, the Buddhist monk to the commercial and industrial men, and was developed in the financial business.
Japanese: また、公家や僧侶から商工業者まで各階層の消費者を多く抱えており、金融業も発展していた。
English: The Kyo-yashiki residences played a role in purchasing high-level artifacts of each domain, collecting the knowledge/information on ceremonies and rites, promoting the sale of the products of their own domains and financial dealings like borrowing from merchants, and so on which were close to the role of the Kurayashiki (Warehouse-residence) in Osaka.
Japanese: このため、各藩の高度な工芸品などの調達や儀式典礼に関する知識・情報の収集、自藩の産物の売り込みや商人からの借財などの金融取引など、大坂の蔵屋敷に近い役割を果たしていた。
English: At the end of the Edo period, the Imperial court movements came to influence the domestic and international situation, so lords/senior vassals/patriots of Han (domains) started such political activities as the Kobu Gattai (Union of Court and Bakufu) movement and the Sonno Joi Movement (a movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), etc. based in Kyo-yashiki residences.
Japanese: もっとも幕末期になると朝廷の動向が再び内外の情勢に影響を与えるようになったため、諸藩の藩主・重臣・志士が京屋敷を拠点として公武合体運動や尊王攘夷運動などの活動を行うようになる。
English: Some powerful Han (domains) tried to cope with the changing of political situations by equipping themselves with military capabilities moving their Hantei to some large plot of land in the suburbs.
Japanese: そして中には郊外の広い土地に藩邸を移して軍事的機能を持たせて政治状況の変動に対応しようとした有力藩もあった。
English: Kaiuso Garden (the former residence of Katsutaro INABATA) is a garden that was made in present-day Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, by Jihei OGAWA the seventh, commonly called Ueji (a pioneer gardener of modern Japanese gardens).
Japanese: 何有荘（かいうそう）（旧稲畑勝太郎邸）は、七代小川治兵衛（近代日本庭園の先駆者とされる庭師）通称植治が作り上げた京都市左京区にある庭園。
English: Hana no gosho Palace is a popular name for the Ashikaga Shogun family residence that stretched over a space of 110 meters from east to west and 220 meters from north to south, surrounded by the current Karasuma-dori Street, Imadegawa-dori Street, Kamidachiuri-dori Street and Muromachi-dori Street in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 花の御所（はなのごしょ）は、現在の京都市上京区の烏丸通・今出川通・上立売通・室町通に囲まれた東西一町南北二町の足利将軍家の邸宅の通称。
English: This large piece of land came about because the land of two residences, Hanatei (literally, flower residence) of the Muromachi family and Kikutei (literally, chrysanthemum residence) of the Imadegawa family, were merged together.
Japanese: 室町家の花亭と、今出川家の菊亭を併せて一つの敷地としたため広大な敷地を有する邸宅となった。
English: It is located to the south of Doshisha University's Kanbaikan, across Karasuma-dori Street from the current Doshisha University Imadegawa Campus.
Japanese: 現在の同志社大学今出川校地の烏丸通を挟んで向かい側の場所にある同志社大学・寒梅館以南に位置する。
English: It was a long-standing practice to call it the residence of shogun 'bakufu,' that is to say 'the Muromachi bakufu' (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 古くより将軍の居所は「幕府」と呼ばれる事があり、すなわち「室町幕府」である。
English: From the mid Edo period, the term "bakufu" started to be used as a name of the samurai government, and this is the reason why the Ashikaga government is called 'the Muromachi bakufu.'
Japanese: 江戸時代中期より武家政権の名前として幕府の用語が使われるようになり、足利家の政権を「室町幕府」と呼称するのはこれに由来している。
English: In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Takauji ASHIKAGA, confronting Emperor Godaigo, established a samurai government in Kyoto and, while he lived on the Nijo-dori Takakura-dori to act as a guardian for the Northern Court (Japan), the Second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA lived in Sanjo bomon.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)、後醍醐天皇と対立して京都に武家政権を開いた足利尊氏は、北朝(日本)を後見するため二条通高倉通に住み、2代将軍の足利義詮は三条坊門に住んでいた。
English: Yoshiakira bought Sueaki MUROMACHI's residence, Hatatei, as his second residence and it was later offered to the Retired Emperor Suko from the Ashikaga family.
Japanese: 義詮は、室町季顕から、その邸宅である花亭を買上げ別邸とし、のちに足利家より崇光上皇に献上された。
English: As Hanatei became the gosho (Imperial Palace) of the Retired Emperor Suko, people began to call it the 'Hana no gosho Palace' but soon it dropped out of use.
Japanese: 崇光上皇の御所となったことにより花亭は「花の御所」と呼ばれるようになったが、しばらくして使用されなくなった。
English: In 1378, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, started to build a new residence for the Ashikaga family on grounds stretching over a space of 110 meters from east to west and 220 meters from north to south, which included both sites of the Emperor Suko's gosho on Kitakoji-dori Muromachi-dori Street and of Kinnao IMADEGAWA's Kikutei, which had burned down.
Japanese: 3代将軍となった足利義満は1378年（天授4年/永和4年）に北小路通室町通の崇光天皇の御所跡と今出川公直の邸宅である菊亭の焼失跡地を併せた敷地（東西1町、南北2町）に足利家の邸宅の造営をはじめた。
English: In 1379, the shinden (main house) was built and when the residence was completed in 1381, he moved there from the Sanjo bomon dai Palace.
Japanese: 1379年には寝殿が作られ、1381年に完成すると、それまでの三条坊門第から移住する。
English: The fact that Kitakoji-dori Street is near Tsuchimikado dairi Palace and the Shogun's residence covered land twice as large as the gosho can be seen as Yoshimitsu showing off towards the court noble society.
Japanese: 北小路通は土御門内裏に近く、敷地だけでも御所の2倍にも及ぶ規模の将軍邸は公家社会に対する義満のデモンストレーションを兼ねていたと思われる。
English: It is said that in the garden, water was drawn in from the Kamo-gawa River (the Yodo-gawa River system) and flowers and trees of every season offered by shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese territorial lord) were planted, resulting in the name 'Hana no gosho' (literally, the flower palace).
Japanese: 庭内には鴨川(淀川水系)から水を引き、各地の守護大名から献上された四季折々の花木を配置したと伝わり、「花の御所」とよばれた。
English: Yoshimitsu held a range of events such as poetry events and kemari (a game played by aristocrats in the Heian period) events, inviting the Emperor Goenyu, kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), Morotsugu NIJO, and others.
Japanese: 義満はここに後円融天皇や関白二条師嗣などを招いて詩歌や蹴鞠の会などを催した。
English: When he abdicated as Shogun in favor of his son, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in 1394, Yoshimitsu moved from the gosho to the newly-built Kitayama dai (Kitayama residence) (the current Rokuon-ji Temple).
Japanese: 1394年に将軍職を息子の足利義持に譲ると、義満はここから新築した北山第（現鹿苑寺）へ移る。
English: While Yoshimochi, who was said to be on bad terms with Yoshimitsu, left Muromachi dai Palace after Yoshimitsu's death, the palace remained the residence of the Shogun for a long time, as the sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA lived there.
Japanese: 義満と不和であったとされる義持は義満の死後に室町第を離れるが、6代将軍の足利義教が住むなど長く将軍の邸宅であった。
English: Later, Muromachi dono Palace was repeatedly rebuilt, although on a smaller scale, but it went completely out of use when the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA constructed Nijo gosho Palace in 1559 in the grounds where the residence of the Shiba Buei family, which was one of Sankanrei ke (three families in the post of kanrei, or shogunal deputy), and moved there.
Japanese: その後、室町殿は何度か小規模なものであるが再建が繰り返されたが、13代将軍足利義輝が1559年に三管領家の斯波武衛家邸宅跡に二条御所を造営・移転したために廃止された。
English: After repeated destruction due to war and reconstructions, the original buildings from that time do not exist any more, but the Daisho-ji Temple, one of the Amamonzeki Temples (a temple run by nuns of noble women), started as Okamatsu dono which was built inside the residence ground, remains on almost the same spot as it was in those days (originally, it is considered to have been located in Okamatsu-cho Town but it is currently located in neighboring Gosho Hachiman-cho Town).
Japanese: 度重なる戦乱により幾度となく消失と再興を繰り返したため当時の建物は残っていないが、邸内に建てられた岡松殿より始まる尼門跡寺院の大聖寺が、ほぼ当時の場所に残る（元は岡松町にあったものと思われるが、現在は隣接する御所八幡町にある）。
English: The Daisho-ji Temple began when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA gave Okamatsu dono in Hana no gosho Palace to his lawful wife's aunt (Nobuko HINO, later called Ippon OKAMATSU (岡松一品)) as her residence.
Japanese: 大聖寺は足利義満が、正室の叔母（日野宣子、のちに岡松一品と称される）に花の御所内の岡松殿を与えて住まわせたことに始まるとされる。
English: Kyoto Racecourse is a racecourse located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 京都競馬場（きょうとけいばじょう）は京都府京都市伏見区にある競馬場である。
English: The turf course of 1,800 meters (outer course) and 1,600 meters (inner course) came into use from the third race meeting (corresponded to the fourth meeting in usual years).
Japanese: 第3回開催（例年の第4回開催）より芝1800m（外回り）・芝1600m（内回り）の使用を開始。
English: The horse races of seventh and eighth day of the first race meeting, which were scheduled on January 21 and 22, were cancelled due to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.
Japanese: 阪神・淡路大震災の影響で1月21日･1月22日の第1回7･8日目が中止。
English: The horse races of seventh and eighth day of the first race meeting, which were cancelled previously, were held on June 3 (Hankyu Hai) and June 4 (Takarazuka Kinen) as rehabilitation racing.
Japanese: 中止となった第1回7･8日目は6月3日（阪急杯）･6月4日（宝塚記念）に復興競馬として開催。
English: On February 10, the fifth day of the second race meeting, 10R and 11R were held using the dirt track because of an accumulation of snow.
Japanese: 2月10日の第2回5日目は積雪の影響で、10R・11Rがダートコースに変更。
English: On the same day, 9R Violet Stakes was conducted under the condition where the position of horses couldn't be confirmed, due to a snow storm that began immediately before the start, until they came to a point about 200 meters before the goal.
Japanese: 同日行われた9Rバイオレットステークスは、発走直前に吹雪となり、ゴールまで約200mの地点までどの馬がどの位置取りだったかなど、まったく確認が出来ない状況でのレースとなった。
English: Also, the starting time of 1R was put off by an hour and 5R and 7R were held on the dirt course instead of turf course.
Japanese: また1Rの発走時刻を1時間繰り下げるとともに、5R・7Rの芝レースはダートの競走に変更。
English: Also, the starting time of 1R was put off by 25 minutes and 5R, 6R, 9R, 10R and 11R were held on the dirt instead of the turf course.
Japanese: また1Rの発走時刻を25分繰り下げるとともに、5R・6R・9R・10R・11Rの芝レースはダートの競走に変更。
English: The construction work of the No.2 gate was completed and it came into use on February 28 when Park-WINZ (an event to use the racecourse as an off-course betting shop for the races held at other racecourses) was held.
Japanese: No.2ゲートの工事が完了し、2月28日のパークウインズより使用開始。
English: These days, many jockeys use a spurt on the downward slope from the third corner to the fourth corner since the straight is even.
Japanese: 直線が平坦であるため、近年は第3コーナーから第4コーナーにかけての下り坂でスパートをかける馬が多い。
English: The radius of the curve from the third to the fourth corner of the outer turf course changes from 109.0 meters to 376.0 meters, to 456.0 meters, then to 100.0 meters.
Japanese: 芝外回りコースの第3コーナーから第4コーナーのカーブ半径は、109.0m→376.0m→456.0m→100.0mと推移している。
English: Other characteristics of the course are the angular corners and the false straight (similar to the false strait of Hippodrome de Longchamp) situated between the corners (though Tokyo Racecourse and Hanshin Racecourse have similar characteristics, theirs are not so extreme as those of Kyoto Racecourse).
Japanese: コーナーが角張っており、中間に非常に緩やかな偽直線（フランスのロンシャン競馬場で言うフォレス・ストレート）を挟んでいることも特徴（東京競馬場や阪神競馬場の内回りコースも同様の特徴があるがここまで極端ではない）。
English: Thanks to the above characteristics, the so-called 'makuri' (a kind of jockey's technique) is effective since the loss of distance is relatively small even though a jokey takes the outer route.
Japanese: これにより偽直線の部分は外を回ることによる距離ロスが少なくなり、いわゆる「まくり」が決まりやすい。