nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: With your heart and continuous voice, and concentrating in Junen (10 invocations in Buddhism), call Namu Amida Butsu.
Japanese: かくのごとく心を至して、声をして絶えざらしめて、十念を具足して南無阿弥陀仏と称せしむ。
English: Since these six letters are the names that Hozo bosatsu (the name of Amida Buddha when he was conducting ascetic practices (Ini, or not yet reaching Satori (enlightenment)) received after conducting ascetic practices and reached Shogaku (true enlightenment), it is also called 'kago.'
Japanese: この六字は、すなわち法蔵菩薩（阿弥陀仏の修行〈因位〉時の名）が修行し、大願大行を成就して正覚を得た上の名であるから、「果号」とも呼ばれる。
English: Rokuji myogo are thought to be the most esteemed myogo because they show all the power of Nyorai (Tathagata), and they're used as Honzon.
Japanese: 如来のはたらきのすべて顕すとして、名号の中でも最も尊重され、本尊として用いられる。
English: In "Rennyo-shonin Goichidai-ki Kikigaki," a record of the sayings and acts of Rennyo, he said as follows.
Japanese: このことから蓮如の言行録である『蓮如上人御一代記聞書』に、次のようにある。
English: He said the letters 'Namu' are used only in the teachings of the saint (Shinran).
Japanese: 一のたまはく、「南無」の字は聖人（親鸞）の御流義にかぎりてあそばしけり。
English: He copied 'Namu Amida Butsu' with mud and hung it in a zashiki (a Japanese-style tatami room), and said that Amida Nyorai praised these Namu Amida Butsu.
Japanese: 「南無阿弥陀仏」を泥にて写させられて、御座敷に掛けさせられて仰せられけるは、不可思議光仏、無礙光仏もこの南無阿弥陀仏をほめたまふ徳号なり。
English: As stated above, he said it showed all the power of Amida Buddha.
Japanese: このように述べたことが伝えられ、阿弥陀仏の働きのすべてを顕すとしている。
English: It is based on a writing in "San Amidabutsu Ge" (Gatha in Praise of Amida Buddha), by Donran, that he saw Amida Nyorai and bowed from the bottom of his heart, showing his belief.
Japanese: 曇鸞が『讃阿弥陀佛偈』に、不可思議光一心帰命稽首礼と著し、自己の信念を表したことに基づく。
English: It is based on a writing in "Muryojukyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge" (Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in Pure Land) (also known as "Jodoron" (A Treatise on the Pure Land Sutra), "Ojoron" (A Treatise on Reborn)) by Seshin, that he had told Shaka he would devote himself, from bottom of his heart, to Amida Nyorai, so he wished to be in the Pure Land, showing his belief.
Japanese: 世親が『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』（『浄土論』・『往生論』）に、世尊我一心帰命尽十方無礙光如来願生安楽国と著し、自己の信念を表したことに基づく。
English: There is an opinion that the reason Shinran used Myogo Honzon, even though it was popular to worship icons as Honzon at that time, was that Shinran moved very often for propagation without holding temples and living in small thatched huts; thus it was impossible for him to have a wooden statue.
Japanese: 親鸞の存命時は、一般に偶像を本尊としていたのに、名号本尊を用いた理由については、親鸞は教化のため移住を繰り返し、寺を持たずに、常に小さい草庵に住んでいた為、木像を持つことが不可能だったという考えがある。
English: Also, the 'Rokuji myogo,' written by Rennyo on paper or silk to use as Honzon, and given to common people, was 'Myogo Honzon.'
Japanese: また蓮如は、本尊とするよう「六字名号」などを紙または絹に書し、庶民に与えたものが「名号本尊」である。
English: By this, Honzon began to be enshrined in each house, and the teaching spread rapidly.
Japanese: このことにより、各家庭に本尊が安置されるようになり、急速に教化されていく。
English: In Buddhist sects that practice the conception of Buddha, or 'Kanso Nenbutsu,' Buddhist statues are considered important, but in Jodo Shinshu the conception of Buddha isn't practiced.
Japanese: 仏身を観念する「観想念仏」を行とする宗旨では、仏像などを重んじるが、浄土真宗では仏身を観念することはない。
English: Following giving commentary in "Kanmuryoju-kyosho" (also known as Kangyosho) (Commentary on the Meditation Sutra) by Shandao, and "Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu-shu" (also known as Senchaku-shu) (Passages on the Selection of the Nenbutsu in the Original Vow) by Honen, Shinran stated in 'Gyo no maki' (a theme of Practice) of "Ken Jodo Shinjitsu Kyogyosho Monrui" (also known as "Kyogyoshinsho") (Selected passages revealing the true teaching, practice and attainment of the Pure Land) that the righteous practice is to call the name of Buddha, regarding the calling of 'Namu Amida Butsu' as the most righteous and important practice (Shojo no gyo) next to wishes by Amida Buddha.
Japanese: 善導の『観無量寿経疏』（『観経疏』）・法然の『選択本願念仏集』（『選択集』）に釈されたのを受けた親鸞は、『顕浄土真実教行証文類』（『教行信証』）の「行巻」に、正定の業とはすなはちこれ仏の名を称するなり。と、「南無阿弥陀仏」と称名する事こそが、正行の中で、阿弥陀仏の願に準じた一番重要（正定の業）であるとのべた。
English: Because doctrine decides 'Dokuju' (chanting sutras), 'Kanzatsu' (meditation), 'Raihai' (reverence) and 'Sandan Kuyo' (holding ceremonies) as Jogyo (sub-practices), there is no necessity for them to be limited to statues and pictures, so the use of Myogo Honzon does match the doctrine.
Japanese: 「読誦（どくじゅ）」「観察（かんざつ）」「礼拝（らいはい）」「賛嘆供養（さんだんくよう）」は、助行であるという教義であるため、仏像・絵像だけに限定される必要がなく、名号本尊を用いることは教義に合致する。
English: However, certain sects of Jodo Shinshu do not relate Myogo Honzon to regarding 'Myogo only' as Honzon.
Japanese: しかし、浄土真宗の一部の宗派で問題にしている、「名号のみ」を本尊とする事には繋がらないと、浄土真宗の他宗派では考える。
English: It is not a real wish of Amida Buddha for blind people and people who cannot read kanji (Chinese characters) (like foreigners) to be excluded from the subject of salvation.
Japanese: 盲目の人や（外国人など）漢字を読めない人たちが、救済の対象から外されてしまう、それは阿弥陀仏の本願ではない。
English: Also, people who cannot speak cannot conduct 'Shomyo' (Invocation of the Buddha's Name), but they can conduct jogyo, thanking Buddha and his virtue.
Japanese: また声が出せない者も、「称名」はできないが、助行はおこなえ、報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆することができる。
English: No matter whether it is a wooden statue, a picture or myogo, as a hoben (expediency) for the power of Amida Nyorai, which has no color or shape, Honzon is enshrined and being prayed in appreciation of Amida Nyorai's virtue.
Japanese: 木像・絵像・名号に関わらず、無色無形の阿弥陀仏のはたらき（真如）の方便として本尊を安置し、報恩報謝のために礼拝する。
English: Through the Zengyo Hoben (the way to lead people skillfully) by Amida, Shaka and high priests, the true belief will be granted.
Japanese: 弥陀・釈迦・善知識の善巧方便によりて、真実の信をばうることなるよし仰せられ候ふ。
English: However, the essence of this sentence is to emphasize devotion to Amida Buddha's power, not to worship Amida Buddha as a statue.
Japanese: しかしこの文の本質は、偶像として阿弥陀仏を崇拝するのではなく、阿弥陀仏のはたらきに帰依する事を強調する為の言葉である。
English: Considering the historical background, rich people such as nobility constructed temples, donated statues and pictures, and prayed.
Japanese: 当時の時代背景から考えると、貴族など裕福な者たちが、寺社を建て仏像・絵像を寄進し、礼拝した。
English: It was to teach everyone that common people could also receive salvation through Amida Buddha by praying to myogo, which could be handed to anyone, without any difference between the rich and the poor.
Japanese: 誰にでも手渡せる名号を、貧富の差なく礼拝し、自分たち庶民も阿弥陀仏の救済の対象であるのだと伝えるためである。
English: Therefore, if the power of Amida Buddha is known and receives devotion, the shape of Honzon, whether it is a wooden statue, a picture or myogo, does not matter.
Japanese: よって、阿弥陀仏のはたらきを知り帰依すれば、本尊の形態は、木像・絵像・名号を問わない。
English: However, it isn't limited to the past life before a person was born but also includes all the past until Shukuzen is developed and a person is saved by Amida Buddha.
Japanese: しかし、生れる前の過去世に限ったことではなく、宿善開発して阿弥陀仏の救いに与かるまでの一切の過去を言う。
English: If a person has seen Shaka in the past, he will be able to believe this fact.'
Japanese: 「むかし、さらに世尊を見たてまつるもの、すなわち能くこの事を信ぜん。」
English: That is to say, if it isn't a person who has listened to the Original Vow of Amida Buddha in the past life, that person would not be able to have met the true Buddhism in this life and would not be able to earn the belief (be saved by Amida Buddha).
Japanese: つまり、過去世に仏教、阿弥陀仏の本願を聞いてきた人でなければ、今生で真実の仏教に遇い、信心獲得する（阿弥陀仏に救われる）ことはできないということ。
English: Koen (1074? - July 16, 1169) was a priest of the Tendai sect in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 皇円（こうえん、承保元年（1074年）？-嘉応元年6月13日(旧暦)（1169年7月9日）？）は、平安時代後期の天台宗の僧。
English: After that, he lived in Toto (eastern section) Nishidani of Enryaku-ji Temple and taught Tendai doctrine; Honen, the founder of the Nihon Jodo sect (Japanese Pure Land sect), studied there, too.
Japanese: その後延暦寺東塔西谷の功徳院に住して、天台教学を講義し、日本浄土宗の祖法然もその教えを受けた。
English: Also, he compiled 'Fuso ryakki,' a Buddhist historical book consisting of articles from Emperor Jinmu through Emperor Horikawa, written in classical Chinese and in chronological order.
Japanese: また、神武天皇から堀河天皇までの記事を、漢字の編年体でまとめた仏教史書「扶桑略記」を編纂している。
English: There is a legend stating that on July 16, 1169, at the age of 96, he became a giant snake at Sakuraga-ike Pond (Omaezaki City) in Shizuoka Prefecture and went into Bosatsu-gyo practice, wanting to earn the spiritual power to save people.
Japanese: 96歳の時、人々を救う霊能を得ようと1169年（嘉応元年）6月13日、静岡県の桜ヶ池(御前崎市)で大蛇となって菩薩行に入ったという伝説がある。
English: There is an epigraph of Ajari-do Hall standing in Oshokyo-in Temple, which is Oku no in (the inner sanctuary) of Sakuraga-ike Pond, and that is regarded as his tomb.
Japanese: 桜ヶ池の奥の院、応声教院にあじゃり堂の碑が立ち、これが墓所とされる。
English: Further, in Tamana City, Kumamoto Prefecture, which is Koen's birthplace, there is 'Renge-in Tanjo-ji Temple,' which commemorates Koen.
Japanese: なお、皇円の生地、熊本県玉名市には、皇円を記念して「蓮華院誕生寺」が建立されている。
English: Kosai (1163 - May 27, 1247) was a priest of the Jodo sect early in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 幸西（こうさい、長寛元年（1163年）-宝治元年4月14日(旧暦)（1247年5月20日））は、鎌倉時代前期の浄土宗の僧。
English: In the 'Shichikajo seikai,' (seven articles of religious commandments) of 1204, he made his signature as the 15th person.
Japanese: 元久元年（1204年）の「七箇条制誡」では１５番目に署名をしている。
English: Also, in 1206, when Kofuku-ji Temple appealed to In (the retired emperor), his name was pointed out, showing that he was energetically engaged in activities as a follower of Honen.
Japanese: また、建永元年（1206年）の興福寺が院に訴えた中にも、幸西の名が挙げられているなど、法然門下として活発な活動をした。
English: As a result, in 1207, when Honen was forced into exile to Tosa in the Kenei no honan (Kenei Persecution), he became exiled to Awa Province.
Japanese: 結局、1207年（承元元年）法然が土佐に流罪となった建永の法難では阿波国に流罪となった。
English: Further, in the so-called Karoku no honan (Karoku Persecution), which happened in 1227 after the death of Honan, his name was changed to 枝重 and he was exiled to Iki Province.
Japanese: さらに、法然没後の嘉禄3年（1227年）におこったいわゆる嘉禄の法難では、枝重と改名して壱岐国に配流となった。
English: As for this, it has also been said that he sent his disciple to Iki and that Kosai himself stayed in Sanuki Province.
Japanese: これについても、壱岐には弟子を遣わし、幸西自身は讃岐国にあったとも伝えられている。
English: Kosai asserted ichinengi, which states that ojo (birth in the Pure Land) will be made just by making one shomyo (Invocation of the Buddha's name) or having one moment's belief.
Japanese: 幸西は、一声の称名または一念の信で往生が成就するという一念義を主張した。
English: Kojo (779 - September 24, 858) was a priest of the Tendai sect early in the Heian period.
Japanese: 光定（こうじょう、宝亀10年（779年）-天安(日本)2年8月10日(旧暦)（858年9月24日））は、平安時代前期の天台宗の僧。
English: After that, on one hand, he made religious arguments against Gien and others in Nara Kofuku-ji Temple as one to represent Saicho's will, while on the other hand he busied himself in establishing Daijo-Kaidan (Mahayana ordination center) at Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: その後最澄の意を体して奈良興福寺の義延らと宗論をたたかわせる一方、延暦寺に大乗戒壇を開設することにも奔走した。
English: Kaison HITACHIBO (the date of birth and death unknown) is a legendary person whose name appears in "Genpei Seisui ki" (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira clans), "Gikeiki" (a military epic about the life of Yoshitsune), and "Heike Monogatari" (The tale of the Heike), and is said to be a Buddhist priest at the Onjo-ji Temple or Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: 常陸坊海尊（ひたちぼうかいそん、生没年未詳）は、『源平盛衰記』、『義経記』、『平家物語』にその名が見える伝説の人物で、園城寺または比叡山の僧であったとされる。
English: After becoming a retainer of Yoshitsune MINAMOTO, Kaison accompanied the flight of Yoshitsune and his party from Kyoto together with Musashibo Benkei and other retainers.
Japanese: 源義経の家来となった後、武蔵坊弁慶らとともに義経一行と都落ちに同行した。
English: In the Battle of Koromo-gawa River against the army of FUJIWARA no Yasuhira in Hiraizumi in Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) where Yoshitsune died, Kaison was said to survive because he and some other retainers of Yoshitsune visited a temple in the mountain.
Japanese: 義経の最後の場所である奥州平泉の藤原泰衡の軍勢と戦った衣川の合戦では、源義経の家来数名と共に山寺を拝みに出ていた為生き延びたと言われている。
English: There is a legend that Kaison became immortal (survived over 400 years, although his date of birth and death unknown) and told people the Genpei War or the Legend of Yoshitsune so vividly as if he saw such incidents with his own eyes.
Japanese: その後、海尊が不老不死の身となり（400年位生きていたとも伝えられている。生没年は不明。）源平合戦や義経伝説を見てきたように語っていたと伝えられている。
English: Razan HAYASHI wrote in his book "Honcho Jinja Ko" (a study of Japanese shrine) that, in the early Edo period, an old man named Zanmu told the Genpei War and people believed that he was Kaison.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期に残夢という老人が源平合戦を語っていたのを人々が海尊だと信じていた、と『本朝神社考』に林羅山が書いている。
English: Donkai (1265 - March 20, 1327) was a priest of the Ji sect in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 呑海（どんかい、文永2年（1265年）-嘉禎2年2月18日(旧暦)（1327年3月12日））は、鎌倉時代後期の時宗の僧。
English: In 1301, he established Konko-ji Temple, Shichijo-dojo seminary in Kyoto and succeeded Yugyo Shonin in 1319.
Japanese: 1301年（正安3年）京都に七条道場金光寺を建立し、1319年（元応元年）遊行上人を継いだ。
English: With the support of his elder brother Kagehira MATANO, Donkai built Shojoko-ji Temple in Fujisawa, Sagami Province and lived there.
Japanese: 兄の俣野景平の援助により相模国藤沢に清浄光寺を建立してそこに住した。
English: Sena (1647 - November 6, 1735) was a waka poet during the mid Edo period.
Japanese: 宣阿（せんあ、正保4年（1647年）-享保20年9月22日(旧暦)（1735年11月6日））は、江戸時代中期の歌人。
English: Sena was born as the second son of Masanori KAGAWA, the chief retainer of the Kikkawa clan, and went to Kyoto in 1673.
Japanese: 吉川家家老の香川正矩の次男として生まれ、1673年（延宝元年）に上洛した。
English: He started as a Confucian scholar, but after he entered into the priesthood in 1687 he turned into a waka poet and studied under Sanenari SHIMIZUDANI of the Nijo school of poetry (Sanjonishi family).
Japanese: 初め儒学者として活動したが、1687年（貞享4年）に出家したのを契機として歌人に転じ、二条派の清水谷実業（三条西家一門）に師事。
English: Although Sena is famous as the author of 'Intoku-taiheiki,' its original 'Intoku-ki' (the war chronicle of the Sengoku Period in the Chugoku region) was written by Sena's father Masanori KAGAWA.
Japanese: 宣阿は「陰徳太平記」の著者として有名であるが、その原典である「陰徳記」は宣阿の父、香川正矩が執筆していたものである。
English: In 1665, his elder brother Masatsune (正経) asked Sakon UTSUNOMIYA (宇都宮三近), a Confucian scholar from Iwakuni to write 'Intoku-ki no jo' (preface of the Intoku-ki).
Japanese: 寛文5年（1665年）兄・香川正経は、岩国出身の儒学者宇都宮三近に依頼し、「陰徳記序」を執筆させている。
English: In 1695, Kagetsugu wrote 'Intoku-ki jijo' (preface of the Intoku-ki) and it is estimated that he completed 'Intoku-taiheiki' around that time.
Japanese: 元禄8年（1695年）景継は「陰徳記自序」を書いており、この頃に「陰徳太平記」は完成していたと考えられている。
English: In 1698, the book was submitted for censorship by the Iwakuni Domain that issued permission for publication in 1706; the book was finally published in 1717.
Japanese: 元禄11年（1698年）岩国藩の検閲を経て、宝永3年（1706年）出版許可、享保2年（1717年）出版に至った。
English: A long-cherished ambition of two generations of the Kagawa family was realized 60 years after the death of Masanori, the father.
Japanese: 親子二代に渡る香川家の宿願は、父・正矩の死後60年近くを経て、叶うのである。
English: Shinga (801 - February 1, 879) was a priest of the Shingon sect of Buddhism during the early Heian period.
Japanese: 真雅（しんが、延暦20年（801年）-元慶3年1月3日(旧暦)（879年2月1日））は、平安時代前期の真言宗の僧。
English: Shinga studied under his elder brother Kukai, and after Kukai died, Shinga inherited Gufuku-ji Temple (Asuka-mura Village) and Shingon-in of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 兄空海に師事し、空海の没後に弘福寺(明日香村)・東大寺真言院などを引き継いだ。
English: In 847, he was appointed to Betto (the head priest) of Todai-ji Temple and in the following 848 to Gon no Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, 15th-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline").
Japanese: 847年（承和(日本)14年）東大寺別当、翌848年（承和15年）には権律師に任じられた。
English: In 852, he built Jogan-ji Temple and in 860 he became To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple).
Japanese: 852年（仁寿2年）貞観寺を建立し、860年（貞観(日本)2年）には東寺長者となった。
English: He accepted conversion of Emperor Seiwa and FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa to Buddhism and in 864 was appointed as Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest) and was called Jogan-ji Sojo.
Japanese: 清和天皇・藤原良房の帰依を受け864年（貞観6年）には僧正に任じられて貞観寺僧正と称された。
English: In 1828, the honorific title Hoko Daishi was conferred on him posthumously for the 950th anniversary of his birth.
Japanese: 1828年（文政11年）、950回忌に際して法光大師の諡号が追贈された。
English: Koin (1145 - July 13, 1216) was a waka poet and a priest of the Tendai sect who lived from the end of Heian period until the early part of the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 公胤（こういん、久安元年（1145年）-建保4年6月20日(旧暦)（1216年8月5日））は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前期にかけての天台宗の僧・歌人。
English: He entered Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple) to study the Tendai sect and Esoteric Buddhism under his uncle, Gyoken (行顕), and became ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism; a high priest).
Japanese: 園城寺（三井寺）に入って叔父行顕に天台宗・密教を学び、阿闍梨となる。
English: Later, upon request by Masako HOJO, he took care of Kugyo, who was a bereaved child of MINAMOTO no Yoriie, as his pupil.
Japanese: 後に北条政子の願いにより源頼家の遺児である公暁を弟子として預かった。
English: Meanwhile, he enjoyed great prestige from the Retired Emperor Gotoba, and was appointed chori (chief priest) of Onjo-ji Temple, betto (head priest) of Hosho-ji, and was conferred the rank of Sojo (a priest ranked in the highest managerial position).
Japanese: 一方で後鳥羽上皇の信望も厚く、園城寺長吏・法勝寺別当・僧正に任じられている。
English: In the earliest years, he wrote 'Jodo ketsugi-sho' (Deciding the Meaning of the Pure Land) in which he criticized Honen's 'Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shu' (Holy Writings of the Jodo Sect) which was written in 1198; but in later years, he is said to have devoted himself to nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation).
Japanese: 当初は1198年（建久9年）法然が「選択本願念仏集」を著したとき、これを批判した「浄土決疑抄」を著したりしたが、後に念仏に帰依したとされる。
English: He was also a waka poet and had one of his poems (Poem No. 1935) selected for "Shinkokin Wakashu" (New Collection of Ancients and Modern Poems).
Japanese: 歌人でもあり、『新古今和歌集』に1首（歌番号1935）入集している。
English: Shoshu (1215 - December 26, 1291) was a priest of Todai-ji Temple in the mid Kamakura Period
Japanese: 聖守（しょうしゅ、建保3年（1215年）-正応4年11月27日(旧暦)（1291年12月19日））は、鎌倉時代中期の東大寺の僧。
English: Nanpo Shomyo (1235 - February 17, 1309) was a priest of the Rinzai sect in the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 南浦紹明（なんぽしょうみょう、嘉禎元年（1235年）-延慶(日本)元年12月29日(旧暦)（1309年2月9日））は、鎌倉時代の臨済宗の僧。
English: His imina (a given name) spelled 紹明 (pronounced both as Shomyo and Jomin) and his dogo (originally honorific names for high-ranking priests) was Nanpo.
Japanese: 諱は紹明（「しょうみょう」とも「じょうみん」ともよむ）、道号は南浦。
English: In 1259, he traveled to Sung and took over Ho (dharma) of Kido Chigu.
Japanese: 1259年（正元(日本)元年）宋(王朝)に渡って、虚堂智愚の法を継いだ。
English: Later, he served as chief priest at Kotoku-ji Temple in Chikuzen Province in 1270 and at Sofuku-ji Temple in Hakata (currently Fukuoka City) in 1272.
Japanese: その後は1270年（文永7年）筑前国興徳寺、1272年（文永9年）、博多崇福寺(福岡市)（そうふくじ）の住持をつとめた。
English: In 1309, he was posthumously awarded by the Retired Emperor Gouda the Kokushi (literally, "a national teacher" or "an emperor's master")-go of 'Entsu Daio,' which was the first Kokushi-go granted to a zen monk in Japan.
Japanese: 没後の延慶2年（1309年）、後宇多上皇から「円通大応」の国師号が贈られたが、これは日本における禅僧に対する国師号の最初である。
English: Hokei (Buddhist law), starting with Nanpo Shomyo (Daio Kokushi [大応国師]), taken over by Shuho Myocho (Daito Kokushi [大灯国師]) and culminating with Kanzan Egen (関山慧玄), is called 'Otokan' (応灯関) to which the Rinzai sects in Japan today all belong.
Japanese: 南浦紹明（大応国師）から宗峰妙超（大灯国師）を経て関山慧玄へ続く法系を「応灯関」といい、現在、日本臨済宗はみなこの法系に属する。
English: Kangen (854 - July 9, 925) was a priest of the Shingon sect during the mid Heian Period.
Japanese: 観賢（かんげん、斉衡元年（854年）-延長(元号)3年6月11日(旧暦)（925年7月4日））は、平安時代中期の真言宗の僧。
English: In 872, Kangen entered the priesthood and received the religious precepts under Shinga, studied the doctrines of Sanron sect and Shingon Esoteric Buddhism under Shobo and went through Kanjo (the ceremony to be the successor) in 895.
Japanese: 貞観(日本)14年（872年）真雅について出家・受戒し、聖宝より三論宗・真言密教の教学を学んで、寛平7年（895年）に灌頂を受けた。
English: After successively holding the positions of betto of Kawara-dera Temple, Gon no Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, 15th-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline"), To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple), zasu (a head priest) of Daigo-ji Temple, and kengyo (temple administrator) of Kongobu-ji Temple, Kangen was appointed in 923 as Gon no Sojo (the provisional lower priest in the highest position).
Japanese: その後は川原寺別当・権律師・東寺長者・醍醐寺座主・金剛峯寺検校を歴任し、延長元年（923年）には権僧正に任じられた。
English: In addition, Kangen restructured Shingon sect, based in To-ji Temple, by storing in the Kyozo (sutra repository) the 'Sanjujo Sasshi' (30 volumes of esoteric Buddhist scripture hand-copied by priest Kukai when he was staying in China) brought back by Kukai from Tang Dynasty, and determining that the volumes should be looked after by choja of Shingon sect generations after generation.
Japanese: ほか、空海が唐から請来した「三十帖冊子」を東寺の経蔵に納めて以後代々の真言宗長者の相承とするなど、東寺を中心として真言宗の再編を行った。
English: Hozo (905 - 969) was a priest of the Hosso sect during the mid Heian period.
Japanese: 法蔵（ほうぞう、延喜5年（905年）-安和2年（969年））は、平安時代中期の法相宗の僧。
English: At Todai-ji Temple, Hozo studied Dharmalogy of the Hosso Study under Kanku, Sanron Teachings under Enshin, and Esoteric Buddhism under Teijo of Daigo-ji Temple, living in Jisso-in Temple of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 東大寺で寛救（かんく）に師事して法相教学を、延敒（えんしん）に師事して三論教学を、また醍醐寺の貞助に師事して密教を学んで、東大寺実相院に住した。
English: Following the appointment as Gon no Risshi (generally in Shingon sect, 15th-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, "supernumerary master of discipline") in 964, he was promoted in 968 to become Gon no Shosozu (a provisional junior rank in the second highest managerial position).
Japanese: 翌964年（応和4年）権律師に任じられ、968年（安和元年）権少僧都まで至っている。
English: In 961, in the conflict with KAMO no Yasunori, Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang), over honmyoku (a ceremony of holding a service for the 12 zodiac signs in lunar maison) for Emperor Murakami, Hozo submitted a kanmon (written reports for what the Imperial Court requested).
Japanese: 961年（応和元年）には村上天皇の本命供（ほんみょうく）をめぐって陰陽師賀茂保憲と対立し、勘文を奉っている。
English: Kakujo (1521 - February 4, 1574) was a Buddhist priest of the Tendai sect who lived during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan).
Japanese: 覚恕（かくじょ、大永元年（1521年）-天正2年1月3日(旧暦)（1574年1月25日））は、戦国時代(日本)の天台宗の僧。
English: He entered the Buddhist priesthood at Manshu-in Monzeki temple (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or Imperial Family) of Enryaku-ji Temple in 1525, and he inherited Manshu-in Monzeki temple in 1527.
Japanese: 1525年（大永5年）延暦寺曼殊院門跡において得度し、1527年（天文(元号)6年）曼殊院門跡を相続した。
English: He was called Konrenin Jugo (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) by the imperial proclamation of Jusangu (same as Jugo) in 1557.
Japanese: 1557年（弘治(日本)3年）准三宮の宣下をうけて金蓮院准后と称した。
English: In 1570, he became the 166th Tendai-zasu amid the chaos of the Sengoku period (Japan).
Japanese: 1570年（元亀元年）戦国時代(日本)の混沌とした中で166世天台座主となった。
English: In the following year, 1571, he escaped from danger of the fire attack against Mt. Hiei by Nobunaga ODA (in 1571) because he was not on Mt. Hiei at that time.
Japanese: 翌1571年（元亀2年）織田信長による比叡山焼討ち(1571年)の際には比叡山にいなかったために難を逃れた。
English: However, he exiled himself relying on Shingen TAKEDA in Kai Province because he was pursued for his responsibility for the resistance on Mt. Hiei.
Japanese: しかし、比叡山抵抗の責任を追及されたため、甲斐の武田信玄を頼り亡命する。
English: Cloistered Imperial Prince Gyojo (November 29, 1640 - May 28, 1695) was a member of the Imperial family and a Buddhist priest who lived during the early Edo period.
Japanese: 尭恕法親王（ぎょうじょほっしんのう、寛永17年10月16日(旧暦)（1640年11月29日）-元禄8年4月16日(旧暦)（1695年5月28日））は、江戸時代前期の皇族・僧。
English: In 1691, he erected Tetsuryuan in the site of the temple as a retreat during his old age, and relocated there.
Japanese: 1691年（元禄4年）寺内に隠居所の鉄龍庵を建てて、そこに移り住んだ。
English: Shinku (1146 - October 15, 1228) was a priest of the Jodo sect from the latter Heian period through the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 信空（しんくう、久安2年（1146年）-安貞2年9月9日(旧暦)（1228年10月8日））は、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代前期の浄土宗の僧。
English: He received Endon bosatsukai (the bodhisattva precepts of the sudden and perfect teaching) from Eiku of Kurodani in Mt. Hiei, and later he learned about the Jodo sect under Honen, who was the founder of that sect in Japan; additionally, he served as his anideshi (senior apprentice).
Japanese: 比叡山黒谷の叡空に円頓菩薩戒を受け、その後兄弟子にあたる日本浄土宗の祖法然に浄土教学を学んだ。
English: In 1204, resulting from the suppression of the Jodo sect by the Tendai sect, he endeavored to write 'Shichikajo Seikai' (The Seven Articles of Religious Commandments) as shown by Honen, and when Honen was banished he strived to maintain the Jodo sect in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1204年（元久元年）天台宗の浄土門に対する弾圧に関し、法然が示した「七箇条制戒」に執筆をつとめ、法然が流罪となっている間は京都における教団維持に尽力した。
English: After the death of Honen, he was placed in charge of Kurodani honbo, Shirakawa honbo and their sutras, and that group came to be called Shirakawamon.
Japanese: 法然が没した後は黒谷本坊・白川本坊や聖教類を託され、その門流は白川門とと称された。