nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Those thoughts of the allied nations were put in a nutshell with the words of Allied Supreme Commander Waldersee, "It would prove difficult to conquer even a quarter of the Chinese people, even with all the allied powers combined."
Japanese: 列強のその時の思いは連合軍司令官ワルテルゼーの「列強の力を合わせたとしても、中国人の4分の1でも治めるのは困難であろう」ということばに言い尽くされている。
English: Russia's occupation of Manchuria led to the Russo-Japanese War, and when Japan won, their ambition moved up a level and they pushed on towards the Sino-Japanese War.
Japanese: ロシアの満州占領は日露戦争を導き、さらに辛うじてその勝者となった日本は一層の領土的野心を滾らせ、日中戦争へと邁進していくようになる。
English: On the other hand, the Christian church reestablished the arrogance that had brought antipathy from people since the Boxer Rebellion.
Japanese: 一方キリスト教会側も義和団以降、反感を買いやすかった倣岸な姿勢を改めるようになった。
English: They abstained from court trials that they were actively involved in, and their teaching plan gradually lessened.
Japanese: これまでむしろ積極的に関与していた裁判についても自粛するようになり、次第に教案は減少していった。
English: While at first it seems an unrelated incident, some research has regarded Bateigin Incident that occurred during the Boxer Rebellion as the remote cause of Kotoku Incident or High Treason Incident in 1910.
Japanese: 一見すると無関係のようであるが、幸徳事件（1910年）の遠因を義和団の乱の際に起きた馬蹄銀事件に求める研究がある。
English: The Bateigin Incident refers to the suspicion that dispatched troops embezzled silver ingots of the Qing called bateijgin.
Japanese: 馬蹄銀事件とは、清国の馬蹄銀という銀塊を、派遣部隊が横領したとの嫌疑である。
English: In other words, the Japanese Army bragged about its highly disciplined army both within it and outside, but this was not actually true, as vehemently pursued by a journalist of "Yorozuchoho" called Shusui KOTOKU.
Japanese: すなわち日本軍は自軍が綱紀正しかったことを内外に喧伝したが、実際はそうでもなかったことを『万朝報』の記者幸徳秋水らが厳しく追及した。
English: Due to a series of articles on this topic, Aritomo YAMAGATA resented Shusui KOTOKU, and this led to the severe measures of KOTOKU's execution.
Japanese: この一連の記事によって、幸徳秋水らは山縣有朋の恨みを買い、それが幸徳自身に処刑という厳しい処置が課される原因となったという。
English: Before the historical review, we will discuss how the Boxer Rebellion was viewed at that time.
Japanese: 歴史学における評価の前に、当時如何に義和団の乱が捉えられたかについて触れる。
English: When talking about the world at the time of the Boxer Rebellion, the theory of social evolution often plays a prominent role as an ideology, describing a binomial confrontation between civilization and barbarianism.
Japanese: 義和団の乱当時の世界は、社会進化論が有力なイデオロギーとして機能し、文明／野蛮という二項対立でもって物事が語られることが多かった。
English: The west and the non-west were forcibly compared using this binomial opposition, with an implicit understanding of hierarchical rank applied.
Japanese: さきの二項対立には、西欧／非西欧という本来別カテゴリーの二項対立が無理やり重ねられ、さらにこの二項には暗黙の了解として上下のランク付けがなされていた。
English: Moving from lower to higher rank or moving from non-western (barbaric) to western (civilized) was interpreted as 'evolution' or 'improvement'.
Japanese: 下位から上位へと移行すること、すなわち非西欧（野蛮）から西欧（文明）へ移行することこそが「進化」・「進歩」として受け止められていた。
English: The anti-Christian way or anti-western 'evil deeds' of the Boxers were not in line with a 'civilization', and as word of these barbaric acts spread across the world, China was severely criticized.
Japanese: そのような中で起きた義和団のアンチ・キリスト的、あるいは非西欧的「悪行」は、「文明」に悖る野蛮な行為としてすぐさま世界に広まり、激しい非難が中国に寄せられることになる。
English: However, among the people who understood the situation in China there were those that gave words of sympathy toward the Boxer Rebellion, and some saw through to the significance of the Boxer Rebellion.
Japanese: しかし一方中国の実情を知る人々の中には義和団の乱に対し同情的な声や、義和団の乱の意義を正しく見抜く人もあった。
English: For example, the Austro-Hungarian ambassador Arthur von Rosthorn, who had to undergo the siege of Beijing stated, "if I were Chinese, I would have become a member of Boxers," and R. Hart stated that the appearance of the Boxers heralded the dawn of nationalism.
Japanese: たとえば北京籠城を余儀なくされた外交官は「わたしが中国人だったら、わたしも義和団になっただろう」（オーストリー・ハンガリー帝国人A.E.ロストホーン）とのべているし、R.ハートは義和団の発生を国家的意識が目覚める前触れだといっている。
English: Even Yubi AOYAGI (Yubi) wrote 'The Pro-Argument for the Boxers' ("Yubishu" published by Bunmei-do in 1904) in Japan and showed sympathy with Boxers.
Japanese: 日本でも青柳有美（有美）は「義和団賛論」（『有美臭』文明堂、1904）という文章を書いて、義和団に共感を示している。
English: While it is agreed that the Boxer Rebellion had a large influence on Chinese and world history, a final evaluation of the Boxer Rebellion has yet to be determined, and criticism differs in regions such as China, Japan, Europe, and the US, and some Chinese researcher have similar arguments to Europe and the US, but differ in opinions.
Japanese: 中国史に、そして世界史に大きな影響を与えた点では一致するものの、義和団の乱についての評価は未だ定まっていないと言って良く、それが語られる地域－中国・日本・欧米－によって、無論中国人研究者であっても欧米的論調に近いものもあるが、論調が異なっている。
English: China and Japan perceived the Boxers as a nationalistic movement against the doctrine of the West and the Japanese empire, but it was interpreted as a reckless anti-foreign movement that attacked foreigners in nations such as the United States (by Esherick, Cohen, and others).
Japanese: 中国や日本では、欧米及び日本の帝国主義に反対する愛国運動という捉え方をするのに対し、アメリカなどでは闇雲に外国人を攻撃した排外運動という捉え方をしている（エシェリックやコーエン等）。
English: The former argued that while the Boxers were resisting Christian groups (missionaries and Chinese Christians) they saw their various privileges (administration or justice) firsthand, became aware that they were derived from the empire doctrine, and started the opposition movement.
Japanese: 帝国主義に関する点で、義和団はキリスト教集団（宣教師や中国人クリスチャン）との対立の中で彼等の持つ様々な特権（行政上あるいは司法上）に直面して、それらが帝国主義に由来することに自覚的となり反対運動を行ったと前者は論じる。
English: However, researchers from Europe and the US emphasized that Boxers were unaware of the empire doctrine, and the anti-foreign movement was born from simple xenophobia.
Japanese: しかし欧米の研究者たちは、義和団は帝国主義に自覚的でなく単に外国人恐怖症からくる排外運動だと主張している。
English: There was no agreement concerning whether the Boxers held the concept of national modernism or the exact implication of 'Qing' used in 'Support Qing, destroy the foreigners' or 'Overthrow Qing, destroy the foreigners' slogans.
Japanese: 義和団が近代的な国家概念を有していたかどうか、「扶清滅洋」や「掃清滅洋」といったスローガンにおける「清」とは具体的に何を指すのかという点で一致を見ない。
English: In other words, each debater has a different opinion on whether the Boxers had a patriotic doctrine or were the stimulant for nationalism.
Japanese: すなわちそのスタンスの違いから愛国主義だったといえるのか、あるいはナショナリズムの覚醒と言えるのかという点で論者の意見が分かれている。
English: During the siege of Beijing, the Japanese army defended the government of Prince Su, which was the residence of Aisin-Gioro Shanqi.
Japanese: 北京籠城において、日本軍が防衛を担当した区画にあった粛親王府は愛新覚羅善耆の邸宅である。
English: He had a strong relationship with Japan, especially with Naniwa KAWASHIMA, and Shanqi's daughter was later adopted by Kawashima (her Japanese name was Yoshiko KAWASHIMA).
Japanese: 彼は非常に日本との関係が深く、特に川島浪速とは自分の娘（日本名川島芳子）を後に川島の養女にするなど縁があった。
English: This Kawashima successfully negotiated the surrender of the Forbidden City without blood during the Boxer Rebellion.
Japanese: その川島はこの義和団の乱の際、説得によって紫禁城を無血開城させた人物である。
English: Prince Su and Naniwa KAWASHIMA later cooperated with each other while assisting with the independent movement of Manchuria, but their fates crossed from the Boxer Rebellion.
Japanese: 粛親王と川島浪速は後に協力して満州独立運動に荷担していくが、二人の運命は義和団の乱以降交叉し始めたといえる。
English: There was international criticism and reflection regarding the severe demands for reparations, and each nation that received reparations returned it in various forms.
Japanese: あまりにも過酷な賠償金請求に対し、やがて国際的な批判と反省が起こり、賠償金を受け取った各国は様々な形で中国に還元することとなった。
English: For an example, the United States established Tsinghua University (from 1911) in Beijing with the reparations.
Japanese: たとえばアメリカは、賠償金によって北京に清華大学（1911年～）を創設した。
English: This university grew to be a prestigious institution representing China along with Peking University and is even now reputed to be at the top in the field of science.
Japanese: この大学は北京大学と並んで中国を代表する名門大学として成長し、現在でも理系分野ではトップと言われている。
English: Japan decided to use a part of the reparation in the Eastern Cultural Project in 1922 and reported to the Chinese side.
Japanese: 日本も1922年に賠償金の一部を中国に対する東方文化事業に使用することを決定し、中国側に通告した。
English: The department of cultural affairs with China was established within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Japan, and the 'General Committee of Eastern Cultural Project' also began.
Japanese: 日本の外務省には、対支文化事業部が新設され、日中共同による「東方文化事業総委員会」が発足した。
English: Furthermore, they assisted groups that dealt with the progress of Japanese and Chinese relations such as Toa-dobunkai nationalism group, Dojinkai, the Institute of Japan and China, the Japanese group residing in China, and Chinese students studying abroad in Japan.
Japanese: また、東亜同文会・同仁会・日華学会・在華居留民団など日本国内で日中関係進展にかかわる団体への補助を行ったり、中国人留日学生への援助を行った。
English: This applied to the establishment of Beijing Institute for the study of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shanghai Natural Science Laboratories, and Academy of Oriental Culture.
Japanese: これは北京人文科学研究所・上海自然科学研究所・東方文化学院の設立を指す。
English: The Academy of Oriental Culture was later reorganized as the Institute of Advanced Studies on Asia of Tokyo University and Eastern Section, Institute for Research in Humanities Kyoto University.
Japanese: 東方文化学院は、後に東京大学東洋文化研究所と京都大学人文科学研究所東方部に改編された。
English: Eastern Section, Institute for Research in Humanities Kyoto University is located inside a beautiful western style building like a Christian church near Ginkaku-ji Temple in Higashiyama, and the tower has stained glass windows.
Japanese: 東山銀閣寺の近くに建つ京都大学人文科学研究所東方部は、キリスト教会のような塔を持った美しい西洋風の建物で、塔の窓にはステンドガラスが使われている。
English: The one year long occupation of Beijing by the Eight-Nation Alliance resulted in Chinese national treasures flowing out of country due to looting and fraud.
Japanese: 八ヶ国連合軍の一年にわたる北京占領は、掠奪と詐取によって中国の国宝級文物の国外流出を促した。
English: The emperor's palace itself avoided looting, but most of the Temples of Heaven and products of culture stored in Wangfu were damaged.
Japanese: 宮城そのものの掠奪は免れたものの、その周囲にあった天壇や王府に所蔵されていた文物はほとんどが被害に遭っている。
English: The European and American armies that conquered Beijing looted many sacred documents but did not understand their value, so many were treated roughly and damaged.
Japanese: 盗難され、また欧米系占領軍から見て価値の分からない秘籍などはぞんざいに扱われ破損したものも多かった。
English: For example, the Imperial Archives that stored the "True Record" (the official records of the dynasty) and 'commandment' (imperial orders from the emperor) were attacked as well and these documents suffered severe damage.
Japanese: たとえば『実録』（王朝の公的記録）や「聖訓」（皇帝勅書）等を収めた皇史宬も襲われたため、多大な被害を出している。
English: Valuable treasured documents such as four scrolls of "歴聖図像," 45 volumes of "今上起居注,""皇宋会編" written by 方賓 (sohan (wooden print made during Song dynasty)), "十七朝聖藻集" (明版) by 呉応箕 also disappeared.
Japanese: 他にも『歴聖図像』4軸や『今上起居注』45冊、方賓『皇宋会編』（宋版）、呉応箕『十七朝聖藻集』（明版）など貴重な秘蔵文書が消失した。
English: Furthermore, "Siku Quanshu" (Complete library in four branches of literature), "Gujin Tushu Jicheng" (Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings from the Earliest to Current Times), and "Daizokyo" (complete collection of Buddhist manuscripts) were damaged or partially lost.
Japanese: また『四庫全書』や『古今図書集成』や『大蔵経』も破損・一部散逸などの憂き目にあっている。
English: Sanjiro SHIMURA, who was a researcher of oriental history, regretted 'Daizokyo, a collection of books, successive commandments, diverse documents mounted on figured satin and damask, all books became lost, scattered in all directions in 閣中, I cannot see to quell the violence.
Japanese: 東洋史研究者市村瓉次郎は北京に赴き調査した際に「大蔵の経典、図書集成、歴代の聖訓、其他種々の書籍の綸子緞子にて表装せられたるもの、悉く欠本となりて閣中に縦横にとり乱され、狼藉を極めたる様、目もあてられず。
English: Many national treasure works of art flowed out of China, and ironically the value of Chinese art came to be known across the world from this.
Japanese: 多くの国宝級美術品が中国国外に流出したが、それは皮肉にも中国美術品の価値を世界に広めることになった。
English: The interest in oriental art gradually shifted from Japonism to traditional Chinese art, and this became the target of a scramble, and many fake objects (replica) were created.
Japanese: ジャポニズムによって切り開かれた東洋美術への関心は、次第に中国伝統美術にも注がれはじめ、争奪の的となり、さらには多くの模造品（贋物）が作られるようになった。
English: Japanese art merchants were greatly involved in making the world aware of the value of Chinese art.
Japanese: こうした中国美術の価値を世界に知らしめるのに大きく関係したのは、日本の美術商たちである。
English: Their representatives were Yamanaka Trading Co., Ltd. of Sadajiro YAMANAKA, Ryusendo of Matsutaro MAYUYAMA, the Okura Shukokan Museum of Fine Arts of Kihachiro OKURA, and they bought antique calligraphic work and paints, bronze ware, porcelain and books from China to sell to Europe and the United States.
Japanese: その代表は山中定次郎の山中商会・繭山松太郎の龍泉堂・大倉喜八郎の大倉集古館であり、彼等は書画骨董・青銅器・磁器・書籍といったものを中国から購入し欧米に販売していった。
English: Representative examples include the 'Koshokujinyu' (Tiger devouring human) at Sen-oku Hakuko Kan and many "Yongle Encyclopedias" stored at the Toyo Bunko (Oriental Library).
Japanese: 泉屋博古館にある「虎食人卣」（こしょくじんゆう）や東洋文庫が多く所蔵する『永楽大典』はその代表例である。
English: Yumokujo' (replica from Tang Dynasty) of Xizhi WANG was a treasure of Emperor Qianlong, but after it was granted as an Imperial gift to Yixuan, 1st Prince Chun, it flowed out to Japan during the Boxer Rebellion.
Japanese: この他王羲之「遊目帖」（唐代模本）は乾隆帝の秘蔵品であったが、やがて愛新覚羅奕キンに下賜された後、義和団の乱の際に日本に流出した。
English: He was born as the child of a lower rank kijin (a member of the Eight Banners during the Qing dynasty) of Manchuria, but his father was killed by the Eight-Nation Alliance force when he was young.
Japanese: 彼は下級の満洲旗人の子として北京に生を享けたが、幼くして八ヶ国連合軍に父を殺されている。
English: 55 Days at Peking' (filmed in 1963, directed by Nicholas Ray, starring Charlton Heston) was filmed in Spain, and the film company recruited Chinese people from all across Spain so that several thousand Chinese could appear in the film.
Japanese: 「北京の55日55DaysatPeking」（1963年、監督：ニコラス・レイ、主演：チャールトン・ヘストン）撮影はスペインで行われたが、数千名の中国人を出演させるため、映画会社はスペイン全土から中国人を集めたという。
English: Furthermore, there was a story that since there were many Chinese people employed in Chinese restaurants, most of the Chinese restaurants in Spain were closed for several months during filming.
Japanese: またチャイニーズレストランで働く中国人が多かったため、撮影期間中の数ヶ月は、スペインのチャイニーズレストランがほとんど閉店したという話が残っている。
English: Due to the theme depicted in the film, it was not permitted to be shown in Hong Kong until the 1980's.
Japanese: この映画は、そのテーマ性から香港では1980年代後半まで上映は禁止されていた。
English: However, it is better to remind oneself that a great amount of historical truth was altered to make the film appealing to audiences in Europe and the United States.
Japanese: ただこの作品は欧米での受けが良くなるよう、歴史的事実がかなりデフォルメされている点は留意されねばならない。
English: The roles of England and the United States in the siege were stressed, and it had a thick oriental stereotype applied to it as it depicted Chinese people who brazenly targeted money by hawking food.
Japanese: 籠城戦において英米人の役割が誇張され、食料をもってくる中国人を露骨に金銭が目的としているように描写しているように、オリエンタリズム的な色合いが濃いものとなっている。
English: Datsua-shiso thought is a concept mainly advocated by Yukichi FUKUZAWA, which encourages an abolishment of Confucianism and a departure from Sinocentrism.
Japanese: 脱亜思想（だつあしそう）とは、福澤諭吉に代表される儒教を廃して中華思想から脱却しようとする思想のこと。
English: There are some literary works describing Datsua-shiso thought, such as "Gakumon no susume" (An Encouragement of Learning) or "Bunmeiron no gairyaku" (An Outline of a Theory of Civilization) written by Yukichi FUKUZAWA.
Japanese: 脱亜思想を示した著作としては、福澤諭吉の『学問のすゝめ』や『文明論之概略』などがある。
English: In the 34th essay collected in "Fukuo Hyakuwa" (One Hundred Discourses of Fukuzawa), which was entitled 'Hanshin-Hangi wa Fuka nari' (A half-baked notion is unacceptable), Yukichi FUKUZAWA explained Datsua-shiso thought as follows.
Japanese: 福澤諭吉は『福翁百話』の第34話「半信半疑は不可なり」において、次のように脱亜思想を説明している。
English: By the way, 'Datsua-shiso' and 'Datsua-ron' (literally meaning 'theory of leaving Asia') which tend to be confused with each other, should be distinguished, because 'Datsua-shiso' is a common thought and 'Datsua-ron' (On Departure from Asia) is a title of an editorial article in the newspaper, "Jiji Shinpo" (News of current affairs).
Japanese: ちなみに、「脱亜思想」と「脱亜論」とは混同されがちであるが、「脱亜思想」は一般的な思想の名前であり、「脱亜論」は新聞『時事新報』の社説の名前であることから、両者を区別して扱う必要がある。
English: Kyogaku Seishi is an education policy presented to Sangi (Councilors) Hirobumi ITO and Munenori TERASHIMA (also the Mombukyo [chief of the Ministry of Education]) by the Meiji Emperor in 1879.
Japanese: 『教学聖旨』（きょうがくせいし）は、1879年に明治天皇より参議伊藤博文・同寺島宗則（文部卿兼務）に出された教育方針。
English: It consisted of two parts: a section called 'Kyoiku Taishi', which provided an overall outline; and a section called 'Shogaku Jomoku Niken', which provided a description of primary school education.
Japanese: 総論である「教学大旨」及び小学校教育に関する「小学条目二件」から構成されている。
English: Opposed to the thought-provoking education policy of the Meiji government that had been in place since the Government Order of Education in Japan, Kyogaku Seishi wanted to return to the type of Confucian-centered educational system that had been pursued prior to the Meiji period; he believed that just practical learning with the main focus on reading, writing and arithmetic combined with the teaching of Confucian-type virtues was sufficient for the masses.
Japanese: 学制以来の明治政府の啓蒙主義的な教育政策を否定し、明治以前の儒教中心の教育に戻すこと、庶民教育は読み書き算盤を主体とする実学と儒教的徳目育成のみで十分とする趣旨であった。
English: However, Ito was enraged when he found out that the actual writer of the document was a jiho (Emperor's aide) Nagazane MOTODA who was well known as a conservative Confucianist.
Japanese: ところがこの文章の実際の執筆者が保守的な儒学者として知られていた侍補の元田永孚であることが分かると、伊藤は激怒した。
English: For a long time, Ito had been wary of Motoda who was known for his adverse opinion towards the modernization of Japan, and Ito immediately wrote 'Kyoikugi' (Proposition on Education) protesting vehemently that Motoda's view is the unrealistic theory; and thus they fiercely confronted each other.
Japanese: かねてより日本の近代化そのものに否定的な考えを持っていることで知られた元田に警戒感を抱いていた伊藤は、ただちに「教育議」を執筆して元田の主張こそ現実離れの空論であると噛み付き、両者は激しく論争した。
English: Soon Ito decided to abolish the role of jiho but agreed to strengthen moral education to hold out against the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and decided to allow the continuation of the government's education policy.
Japanese: まもなく伊藤は侍補の廃止を決断する一方、高まる自由民権運動に対抗するために道徳教育の強化には同意して政府の教育政策の継続が認められた。
English: However, with the deepening of the Meiji Emperor's trust for Motoda who insisted on direct rule by the Emperor and raised frontal objection to the Meiji government's plan to establish a constitutional state, Ito struggled with the dissociation between the government's policy and the Emperor's intention.
Japanese: だが、明治政府の立憲国家建設に真っ向から反対して天皇親政を唱える元田に対する明治天皇の信任は増すばかりであり、伊藤らは政府の方針と天皇の意向の乖離に苦慮することになる。
English: On the other hand, Motoda's idea was not realized in its original form but his Confucian and absolute Imperialism was realized in the form of the "Kyoiku Chokugo" (Imperial Rescript on Education).
Japanese: 一方、元田の理念はそのままの形では実現されなかったものの、その儒教的・絶対的な天皇中心主義は『教育勅語』という形で実現することになった。
English: Toki Yasuyori Rebellion was an incident that occurred from 1389 to 1390, during the Muromachi period of Japan, in which Yasuyuki TOKI, a shugo daimyo (shugo is a governor of a province during the middle ages of Japan, and a shugo daimyo is a regional lord who has an official title of shugo from the government of the time) was defeated by the Muromachi bakufu.
Japanese: 土岐康行の乱（ときやすゆきのらん）は、室町時代の康応元年（1389年）－明徳元年（1390年）に守護大名の土岐康行が室町幕府に討伐された事件である。
English: The Toki clan, which descended from Mino-Genji, had a huge power in Mino Province and became a senior vassal of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 美濃源氏の土岐氏は美濃国で大きな勢力を有し鎌倉幕府の有力御家人となった。
English: Yorisada TOKI took sides with the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts of Japan, and was appointed as Mino shugoshiki (military governor of Mino Province) by the Muromachi bakufu for helping Takauji ASHIKAGA; after that, he became one of the meritorious vassals for his great achievement when the bakufu was established.
Japanese: 土岐頼貞は南北朝時代(日本)では北朝(日本)について室町幕府から美濃守護職に任じられ、足利尊氏を助けて功績が大きく幕府創業の功臣となった。
English: His grandchild, Yoriyasu TOKI, became the shugo of three provinces: Mino, Owari and Ise, and became one of the hyojoshu (members of the Council of State) to establish the golden age of the Toki clan.
Japanese: その孫の土岐頼康は美濃国・尾張国・伊勢国の3ヵ国の守護に任ぜられて評定衆に連なり、土岐氏の最盛期を築いた。
English: During the period, under the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Yoriyasu invoked the wrath of Yoshimitsu because he returned to his own province without permission due to a feud with Shogunal Deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, and Yoshimitsu even issued a punitive order (later, Yoriyasu apologized was forgiven).
Japanese: 三代征夷大将軍足利義満の時、頼康は管領細川頼之と不和になって勝手に帰国してしまい、義満を激怒させ討伐令を出されたことがある（後に謝罪して許された）。
English: In the Koryaku Coup, occurred in 1379, Yoriyasu worked with Yoshimasa SHIBA to expel Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 康暦元年（1379年）の康暦の政変では斯波義将とともに細川頼之排斥に動いている。
English: Yasuyuki appointed his cousin Akinao TOKI to a guard of Owari, and sent his brother Mitsusada TOKI as a daikan (local governor) of Kyoto, where the bakufu existed, to attend Yoshimitsu in a short distance.
Japanese: 康行は従兄弟の土岐詮直を尾張守護代とし、弟の土岐満貞を京都代官として義満に近侍させた。
English: At that time, Yoshimitsu wanted to make the shogunate an autocratic power, and thus he aimed to weaken major shugo clans, whom he had trouble to control.
Japanese: 将軍専制権力の確立を目指す義満は統制が困難だった有力守護大名の弱体化を狙っていた。
English: In 1388, Yoshimitsu allowed Yasuyuki to succeed the entitlement of shugoshiki only for Mino Province and Ise Province, and he gave the one for Owari Provide to Mitsusada.
Japanese: 嘉慶2年（1388年）義満は美濃国、伊勢国の守護職の継承のみを康行に許し、尾張国は満貞に与えてしまった。
English: Mitsusada was an ambitious person and wanted to have the shugoshiki of Owari Province, so he pandered to Yoshimitsu, making false accusations against Yasuyuki and Akinao.
Japanese: 満貞は野心家で尾張守護職を欲して度々義満へ康行と詮直の讒言をしていた。
English: Akinao, a deputy shugo, got raged with anger over the treatment, and refused Mitsusada, who came down to Owari to assume the shugo position; it eventually caused a battle between them in Kuroda juku, Owari Province and Mitusada was put to rout.
Japanese: これに激怒したのが尾張守護代の詮直で、満貞は尾張国へ下向するがこれを拒んで尾張国黒田宿で合戦になり、満貞は敗れて敗走した。
English: Yoshimitsu did not miss this opportunity and commanded to put down Yasuyuki as a rebel in May 1389, so Yoritada TOKI and Yorimasu TOKI, father and son, of the Toki clan tried to do it.
Japanese: 義満はこの機を逃さず、康応元年（1389年）4月に康行を謀反人と断じて討伐を命じ、土岐氏一族の土岐頼忠・土岐頼益父子が征討に向かった。
English: In April 1390, Yasuyuki raised an army in Kojima-jo Castle, Ikeda District, Mino Province (Ibigawa-cho, Gifu Prefecture), but he was defeated and eventually lost his power.
Japanese: 翌明徳元年（1390年）閏3月に康行は美濃国池田郡小島城（岐阜県揖斐川町）で挙兵するが敗れて没落した。
English: Yasuyuki lost the status of shugoshiki of Mino and Ise Provinces, and the status for Mino was given to Yoriyo Yoritada) TOKI, who provided excellent services during the war against Yasuyuki, and the status for Ise was given to Mitsunaga NIKI.
Japanese: 康行の美濃国・伊勢国の守護職は没収され、美濃国は戦功のあった土岐頼世（頼忠）、伊勢国は仁木満長へ与えられた。
English: According to "Inryoken Nichiroku" (Inryoken's Diary), Yoshimitsu at first thought to end up the family line of the Toki clan, but held back the idea by the intervention of Unkei Shizan, a monk; in the end Yoriyo was ordered by Yoshimitsu to donate some places to the monk as a graditude, and Yoriyo donated Tamamura no ho of the province of Mino.
Japanese: 『䕃涼軒日録』によると義満は土岐氏の断絶を考えたが、雲渓支山のとりなしでこれを思い止まり、義満は頼世へ支山に感謝して在所を寄進するよう命じ、頼世は美濃国玉村保を寄進したという。
English: Yoshimitsu didn't stop his policy to weaken major shugo daimyo clans, and in 1391, the Yamana family, who had dominated eleven pronices and was even called "Rokubunno-Ichi dono (literally, the lord who has one sixth of the country) was conquered by the Meitoku War.
Japanese: 義満の有力守護大名弱体化政策は続けられ、明徳2年（1391年）には11カ国を領して『六分の一殿』と呼ばれた山名氏一族が征伐された（明徳の乱）。
English: In 1399, Yoshihiro OUCHI, a shugo who held six provinces, allowed himself to be provoked into the battle only to be defeated by Yoshimitsu (Oei War).
Japanese: 応永6年（1399年）には6カ国の守護だった大内義弘が義満の挑発によって挙兵して滅ぼされた（応永の乱）。
English: Later, the title of shugoshiki of Mino was transferred to Yorimasu TOKI, and from the time onwards his family line became the soryo (chief branch of the family) of the Toki family to govern Mino Province.
Japanese: 美濃守護職は後に土岐頼益へ譲補され、以後、頼益の家系が土岐氏の惣領として美濃国を支配する。
English: Yasuyuki was forgiven in 1391, and by his distinguished war service in Meitoku War, he was appointed as shugo again, but of the northern half of Ise Province in 1400.
Japanese: 康行は明徳2年（1391年）に許されて明徳の乱で戦功を挙げ、応永7年（1400年）に伊勢北半国守護に再任された。
English: Mitsusada joined the Meitoku war, but he was blamed when he behaved in unfair way, and was dismissed from Owari Shugoshiki in 1392.
Japanese: 満貞は明徳の乱に参戦するが、卑怯な振る舞いがあったと咎められて明徳3年（1392年）に尾張守護職を解任されている。