nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: During this period the Taiwan Sotoku-fu (Government-General) took a hard-line policy backed up by military force, which caused the growth of resistant movements among the people in Taiwan.
Japanese: この時期、台湾総督府は軍事行動を全面に出した強硬な統治政策を打ち出し、台湾居民の抵抗運動を招いた。
English: Such policy with use of force created victims as well as caused public interest in and outside of Japan, so the 1897 session of the Imperial Diet debated whether Japan should sell Taiwan to France for 100 million yuan.
Japanese: それらは武力行使による犠牲者を生み出した他、内外の世論の関心を惹起し、1897年の帝国議会では台湾を1億元でフランスに売却すべきという「台湾売却論」まで登場した。
English: Under these circumstances, the post of Governor-General of Taiwan was held by military officers ranking Chujo (Middle Captain) or higher to govern Taiwan.
Japanese: こうした情況の中台湾総督には中将以上の武官が就任し台湾の統治を担当した。
English: Gentaro KODAMA, who assumed the fourth Governor-General in 1898, promoted Shinpei GOTO, a bureaucrat of the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs (in Japan) as Chief of Home Affairs, taking the carrot and stick approach toward the governance of Taiwan.
Japanese: 1898年、児玉源太郎が第4代台湾総督として就任すると、内務省(日本)の官僚として活躍していた後藤新平を民政長官に抜擢し、台湾の硬軟双方を折衷した政策で台湾統治を進めていく。
English: After the anti-Japanese movement was put down at the end of 1902, the Sotoku-fu became an entity not subject to Japanese law and the special governance approach was adopted.
Japanese: また1902年末に抗日運動を制圧した後は、台湾総督府は日本の内地法を超越した存在として、特別統治主義が採用されることとなった。
English: Goto, who was inclined towards scientific imperialism of Germany, claimed that it was difficult to assimilate the natives of colonies from a biological viewpoint and that Japan should follow the British colonial policies; the colony outside Japan should not be subject to Japanese law and should be governed under a special approach independent from Japan.
Japanese: 当時ドイツ帝国の科学的植民地主義に傾倒していた後藤は生物学の観点から植民地の同化は困難であり、英国政府の植民地政策を採用し、日本内地の外に存在する植民地として内地法を適用せず、独立した特殊な方式により統治するというものである。
English: Goto conducted research on Taiwanese society and customs and formulated the governance policy based upon research results to establish biological principles as well as to seek eventual assimilation.
Japanese: 後藤は台湾の社会風俗などの調査を行い、その結果をもとに政策を立案、生物学的原則を確立すると同時に、漸次同化の方法を模索するという統治方針であった。
English: Hara, who was influenced by French colonialism, claimed that it was possible to assimilate Taiwan to Japan as Taiwanese were similar enough to Japanese in race and culture, and that Japan should treat Taiwan as a part of Japan and apply the Japanese law to Taiwan.
Japanese: フランスの植民地思想に影響を受けた原は、人種・文化が類似する台湾は日本と同化することが可能であるとし、台湾を内地の一部とし、内地法を適用させるというものであった。
English: Shinpei GOTO, who served as Chief of Home Affairs from 1898 to 1906, introduced the governing policy of Taiwan based upon his own special governance.
Japanese: 1898年から1906年にかけて民政長官を務めた後藤新平は自らの特別統治主義に基づいた台湾政策を実施した。
English: During the period, the Governor-General of Taiwan was authorized 'special legislative power' in accordance with the Law No. 63, and had the centralized authority with administrative, legislative, judicial and military powers.
Japanese: この期間内、台湾総督は六三法により「特別立法権」が授権され、立法、行政、司法、軍事を中央集権化した存在となっていた。
English: Such strong ruling power contributed to the suppression of any anti-Japanese movements and thus contributed to the stability and safety of the Taiwanese society.
Japanese: これらの強力な統治権は台湾での抗日運動を鎮圧し、台湾の社会と治安の安定に寄与している。
English: In order to eliminate opium that was prevailing at that time, the government introduced a licensing system for smoking opium and a monopoly of opium to gradually increase the tax and to stop the issue of new licenses for opium, thus succeeding to get rid of opium from Taiwan (Policy to phase out opium).
Japanese: 流行していた阿片を撲滅すべく、阿片吸引を免許制とし、また阿片を専売制にして段階的に税を上げ、また新規の阿片免許を発行しないことで阿片を追放することにも成功した（阿片漸禁策）。
English: Therefore, there are different opinions about the ruling by Japan as follows; one opinion is that the infrastructure of Taiwan, such as education, people's livelihood, military and economy, was based upon one built by Japan at that time (Teng-hui LEE and others) and other opposing opinions are that overestimating the role of Japan in modernization leads to a justification for colonial rule, Japan imposed an agriculture-centered policy to make Taiwan a supply source of agricultural products to Japan and it resulted in delaying industrial development and the wealth of Taiwan was deprived by Japanese merchants Taiwan (Illustrated History of Taiwan, Illustration of Taiwanese History).
Japanese: そのため現在の台湾の教育・民生・軍事・経済の基盤は当時の日本によって建設されたものが基礎となっていると主張する意見（李登輝など）と、近代化の中の日本の役割を過大評価することは植民地統治の正当化と反発する意見、台湾は日本への農作物供給地として農業を中心に発展させられたため工業発展に遅れたと主張する意見、日本商人の搾取によって富が奪われたとする意見（図解台湾史、台湾歴史図説）も提示されている。
English: The second phase of Japanese rule was from 1915 when the Silaian Incident broke out to 1937 when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred, during which time the authority of colonialism by the Western countries fell and nationalism emerged due to the change of the world situation, especially after World War I.
Japanese: 日本統治の第2期は西来庵事件の1915年から1937年の盧溝橋事件であり、国際情勢の変化、特に第一次世界大戦の結果、西洋諸国の植民地統治の権威が失墜し、民族主義が高揚した時期である。
English: Self-determination based upon democracy and freedom became a mainstream of the world, and the principle of self-determination advocated by Woodrow Wilson and the colonial revolutionism by Vladimir Lenin had a great influence on colonies in the world.
Japanese: 民主と自由の思想による民族自決が世界の潮流となり、1918年1月にアメリカ合衆国大統領ウッドロウ・ウィルソンが提唱する民族自決の原則と、ウラジーミル・レーニンの提唱した植民地革命論は世界の植民地に大きな影響を与えるようになった。
English: In such changing world affairs, the Japanese governance policy of Taiwan was also changing.
Japanese: このような国際情勢の変化の中、日本による台湾統治政策も変化していく。
English: It was Taisho Democracy which objected to domain dominated politics and tried to realize party politics.
Japanese: それは藩閥政治に反対し政党政治を実現しようという大正デモクラシーであった。
English: In such political environment, Kenjiro DEN was appointed as the first civilian Governor-General of Taiwan in 1919.
Japanese: その政治環境の中、1919年に台湾総督に就任した田健治郎は初めての文官総統である。
English: Prior to his departure, Den conferred with then-Prime Minister Takashi HARA, with whom he agreed to pursue an assimilation approach in Taiwan as a principle policy, and formally announced the new policy in October of the year when he assumed the position.
Japanese: 田は赴任する前に当時首相であった原敬と協議し、台湾での同化政策の推進が基本方針と確認され、就任した10月にその方針が発表された。
English: Den stated that an assimilation policy was inland territorial expansionism and that the Taiwanese would be educated to understand their role and responsibilities as Japanese subjects loyal to the Imperial family.
Japanese: 田は同化政策とは内地延長主義であり、台湾民衆を完全な日本国民とし、皇室に忠誠な国民とするための教化と国家国民としての観念を涵養するものと述べている。
English: The Governor-General of Taiwan promoted the assimilation policy for the next twenty years, policy which included an establishment of an elected advisory committee to expand autonomy, the introduction of non-segregation to educational institutions, an issuance of the intermarriage act, a demolishment of flogging as criminal punishment, encouraging the study of the Japanese language in order to promote assimilation as well as to decrease discrimination of Taiwanese.
Japanese: その後20年にわたり台湾総督は同化政策を推進し、具体的な政策としては地方自治を拡大するための総督府評議会の設置、日台共学制度及び共婚法の公布、笞刑の撤廃、日本語学習の整備などその同化を促進し、台湾人への差別を減少させるための政策を実現した。
English: The government changed the hands-off approach taken by Shinpei GOTO and actively introduced railway and water systems and promoted assimilation policies.
Japanese: また後藤新平の消極的な政策を改め、鉄道や水利事業などへの積極的な関与を行い、同化政策は具体的に推進されていった。
English: As a notable event in the social history of Taiwan, Xiantang LIN, who was born into a renowned wealthy family in Wufong, Taichung, founded Taiwan Dokakai (Taiwan Assimilation Society) in collaboration with Taisuke ITAGAKI visiting Taiwan, to demand the same right with the Japanese residents in Taiwan.
Japanese: この時期に勃興した台湾の社会史としては1914年、台中霧峰の著名な土着地主資産家である林献堂は来台した板垣退助と協力し在台日本人と同等の権利を求める台湾同化会を設立する。
English: However, soon after Itagaki left Taiwan, Taiwan Dokakai was disbanded by the Sotoku-fu.
Japanese: しかし、板垣が台湾を離れるとまもなく台湾総督府により解散させられた。
English: After that the Keihatsukai (The Enlightenment Society) was founded aiming at repealing Law No. 63 that allowed the centralized privileged of the Sotoku-fu, followed by Shinminkai (New People 's Society) formed after the Keihatsukai was disbanded.
Japanese: その後、台湾総督府の中央集権的な特権を認めた六三法の撤廃を求めて啓発会が結成され、その解散後は新民会が結成される。
English: However, when intellectuals criticized this movement, saying that repealing Law No. 63 meant the denial of the special character of Taiwan, the new movement was initiated to call for the establishment of a parliament in Taiwan.
Japanese: しかし知識人階級から六三法撤廃は台湾の特殊性の否定であるとの批判が出ると、台湾に議会設置を求める台湾議会設置請願運動が開始される。
English: In 1921, the first petition to establish a Taiwan parliament was submitted to the Imperial Diet of Japan and the deliberations on its establishment continued for the next thirteen years for a total of fifteen times.
Japanese: 1921年、第一回台湾議会設置請願書を大日本帝国議会に提出すると、以降13年15回にわたって継続的に行なわれた。
English: In 1921, the Taiwan Cultural Association was organized with Xiantang LIN as president, aiming at developing Taiwanese culture.
Japanese: 1921年には台湾文化の涵養を目的として、林献堂を総理とした台湾文化協会が設立される。
English: The Taiwan Cultural Association developed the enlightening movement for the public by organizing lectures or showing movies.
Japanese: 台湾文化協会は各地で講演会や映画上映などを行い大衆啓蒙運動を展開した。
English: In 1927, however, the left wing took control of the association and the right wing withdrew from the association, which incident resulted in a split of the social movement in Taiwan.
Japanese: しかし1927年、左派が協会の主導権を握ると右派の離脱を惹起し、台湾における社会運動は分裂することになる。
English: The Taiwan Cultural Association came virtually under the control of the Taiwanese Communist Party and fell apart at the same time with the arrest of the Taiwanese Communist Party members.
Japanese: 台湾文化協会は事実上台湾共産党の支配下に入り、台湾共産党が一斉検挙されると同時に台湾文化協会も崩壊した。
English: However, when the Taiwan People's Party also became radical initiated by Weishui JIANG, the right wing formed the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy with the establishment of local autonomy in Taiwan as a single goal.
Japanese: しかし、台湾民衆党も蒋渭水により左傾化すると右派は台湾の地方自治実現を単一目標に挙げる地方自治連盟を結成した。
English: When in 1937, the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy, which was the last political organization during the period of Japanese rule, was forced to shut down, which incident marked the end of political movements by 'Taiwanese.'
Japanese: 1937年、日本統治期最後の政治団体である地方自治連盟が解散に追い込まれ、「台湾人」による政治運動は終わりを告げた。
English: When the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred in 1937, Taiwan was regarded as an important resource supply base for Japan to develop the war.
Japanese: 1937年に盧溝橋事件が発生すると日本の戦争推進のための資源供給基地として台湾が重要視されることとなった。
English: Because the Sotoku-fu needed to improve Taiwanese awareness as the Japanese, it started to promote the kominka (subjects of the emperor) policy.
Japanese: 台湾における国民意識の向上が課題となった総督府により皇民化政策が推し進められることになる。
English: The kominka movement was the forced transformation of the Taiwanese into loyal subjects of the emperor, consisting of the four major campaigns: the encouragement to speak Japanese, the change of names to Japanese names, the military volunteer system and the religious, social and life style reforms.
Japanese: 皇民化運動は国語運動、改姓名、志願兵制度、宗教・社会風俗改革の4点からなる、台湾人の日本人化運動である。
English: The background of this movement was that a prolonged war caused the Japanese human resources to be exhausted and that Japan had no choice but to rely on the colonies.
Japanese: その背景には長引く戦争の結果、日本の人的資源が枯渇し、植民地に頼らざるをえなくなったという事情があった。
English: The kokugo (literally national language) movement was a thorough movement to make the Taiwanese use Japanese, whereby Japanese language schools were established throughout Taiwan and a Japanese speaking home was encouraged.
Japanese: 国語運動は日本語使用を徹底化する運動で、各地に日本語講習所が設けられ、日本語家庭が奨励された。
English: A Japanese speaking home, in which family members spoke Japanese even at home, was the ultimate goal of the kokugo movement.
Japanese: 日本語家庭とは家庭においても日本語が使われるというもので、国語運動の最終目標でもあった。
English: Though the change of family names was not forced, many Taiwanese changed their family names as it was advantageous to enhance social status.
Japanese: 改姓名は強制されなかったが、日本式姓名を持つことは社会的上昇に有利なこともあり、多くの台湾人が改姓名を行った。
English: As Japan was fighting a war with China, many objected to accept the Taiwanese of the Han race as soldiers, but the shortage of soldiers caused the government to introduce the volunteer soldier system and then the draft system in 1945.
Japanese: 日本は中国と戦争を行っていたことから、台湾の漢民族を兵士として採用することには反対が多かったが、兵力不足からやむをえず志願兵制、そして1945年からは徴兵制が施行された。
English: On October 1, 1937, the Taipei time/Western standard time (UTC +8) was abolished and unified to Tokyo time/Japan standard time (UTC +9).
Japanese: 1937年の10月1日には台北時間・西部標準時（UTC+8）が廃止され、東京時間・日本標準時（UTC+9）に統一された。
English: These movements were short term and failed to take root in Taiwan, but this would be one of the reasons that the Taiwanese society was more Japanized than other Chinese societies such as Hong Kong or Singapore controlled by Japan, but not subject to the thorough kominka movement.
Japanese: これらの運動は短期的であったこともあり、台湾社会に根付くことはなかったが、台湾が香港やシンガポールなど、日本の支配を受けたが皇民化運動が徹底されなかった他の華人社会に比べて日本的であるという理由の一つの説明にはなるだろう。
English: On August 15, 1945 the Pacific War ended with Japan issuing the imperial rescript on the termination of the war and Taiwan was to be seized by the Republic of China.
Japanese: 1945年8月15日、日本は終戦の詔書を発表し太平洋戦争が終結し、台湾は中華民国による接収が行われることとなった。
English: On August 29 of the same year, Kai Shek CHIANG, the head of the nationalist government, appointed Yi CHEN as governor of Taiwan province, and with the establishment of Taiwan Security Bureau on September 1, Chen served concurrently as Commander of Taiwan Security.
Japanese: 同年8月29日、国民政府主席の蒋介石は陳儀を台湾省行政長官に任命、9月1日には重慶市にて台湾行政長官公署及び台湾警備総部が設置され、陳儀は台湾警備司令を兼任することとなった。
English: Then on October 5, the front commander office of Taiwan provincial administration office was established, and the personnel for seizure moved to Taiwan from Shanghai and Chongqing from October 5 to October 24.
Japanese: そして10月5日、台湾省行政長官公署前進指揮所が台北に設置されると、接收要員は10月5日から10月24日にかけて上海市、重慶市から台湾に移動した。
English: At 10 o'clock in the morning of October 25, 1945, the ceremony of the surrender of Japan to Taiwan Province, China wartime administrative region, was held at Taipei City Hall.
Japanese: 1945年10月25日、中国戦区台湾省の降伏式典が午前10時に台北公会堂で行われた。
English: Rikichi ANDO, then Governor-General of Taiwan and Yi CHEN were present representing Japan and China, respectively, and signed a surrender instrument, after which Taiwan province administrative office officially started to work on the control of Taiwan.
Japanese: 日本側は台湾総督安藤利吉が、中華民国側は陳儀がそれぞれ全権として出席し降伏文書に署名され、台湾省行政長官公署が正式に台湾統治に着手した。
English: The administrative office was established in the former Taipei municipal office (today's Executive Yuan of the Republic of China) and with Yi CHEN, Jing-en GE, Yuan-fen KE, Chao-qin HUANG, Mi-jian YOU, Fei-ju SUNG and Wan-ju LI representing the National government, Xiantang LIN, Xin CHEN and Mao-sheng LIN on behalf of the residents of Taiwan and Rikichi ANDO and Haruki ISAYAMA representing Japan, the ruling of Taiwan by Japan ended.
Japanese: 公署は旧台北市役所（現在の中華民国行政院）に設置され、国民政府代表の陳儀、葛敬恩、柯遠芬、黄朝琴、游弥堅、宋斐如、李万居の他、台湾住民代表として林献堂、陳炘、林茂生、日本側代表として安藤利吉及び諫山春樹が参加し、ここに日本による台湾統治は終焉を迎えた。
English: The Taiwan Sotoku-fu was the highest governing authority in Taiwan during the period of Japanese rule, and it was headed by a Governor-General of Taiwan.
Japanese: 台湾総督府は日本統治時代の最高統治機関であり、その長官が台湾総督である。
English: The Sotoku-fu, characterized by the highly centralized system with the Governor-General wielding supreme executive, legislative, judicial and military power, governed Taiwan dictatorially.
Japanese: 総督の組織は中央集権式に特徴があり、台湾総督により行政、立法、司法、軍事が総覧され専制的な統治権が施行されていた。
English: The Home Affairs Bureau was further divided into four offices: Internal Affairs, Agriculture, Finance and Education, and Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA was appointed as Vice Governor-General when the Republic of Formosa existed on Taiwan.
Japanese: 民政局には内務、殖産、財務、学務の4部が設置されたほか、台湾民主国の活動が行われた期間に高島鞆之助が副総督として任命されたケースもある。
English: In 1896, the army and navy bureaus were merged to form the Military Affairs Bureau, and the General Affairs, Judicial and Communication Bureaus were separated from the Home Affairs Bureau, which separation resulted in the establishment of the seven-bureau system.
Japanese: 1896年、陸海軍両局が統合され軍務局に、また民政局より総務、法務、通信の各局が分離し7局体制が確立した。
English: Since then, the system of the Sotoku-fu was changed three times in 1898, 1901, and 1919, but the organizational structure was maintained.
Japanese: その後1898年、1901年、1919年の3回にわたる総督府官制変更の際にも組織形態は維持されていった。
English: The law relating to laws and ordinances to be enforced in Taiwan (Law No. 63) enacted in 1896, the amended law (Law No. 31) in 1906 and the third amended law (Law No. 3) in 1921, enforced delegated legislation in Taiwan, and the Sotoku-fu was positioned as the central authority.
Japanese: 1896年に施行された台湾ニ施行スヘキ法令ニ関スル法律明治29年法律第63号（六三法）及び1906年に公布された台湾ニ施行スヘキ法令ニ関スル法律明治39年法律第31号（三一法）或いは1921年の台湾ニ施行スヘキ法令ニ関スル法律大正10年法律第3号（法三号）により台湾に委任立法制度が施行され、総督府はその中央機関と位置づけられた。
English: General governmental policies were issued by the Sotoku-fu in the form of an edict of the Sotoku-fu after the Sotoku-fu bureaucrats formulated laws and ordinances.
Japanese: 一般の政策決定は総督府内部の官僚により法律が策定された後、台湾総督府による総督府令の形式により発行した。
English: Some of the policies such as the introduction of monopoly required a conference with the Japanese government in advance and authorization by the Diet.
Japanese: また専売制などの導入など一部の内容は日本政府との事前協議及び国会の承認を必要とした内容もある。
English: During 1895 to 1945, 19 governors-general of Taiwan were appointed.
Japanese: 1895年から1945年の期間中、日本は19代の台湾総督を任命している。
English: The period can be divided based on the background of the Governor-General: the early period of military governor-general, the period of civilian governor-general and the later period of military governor-general, and the tenure of each was two years and a half on average.
Japanese: その出身より前期武官総督期、文官総督期、後期武官総督期に分類することができ、各総督の平均在任期間は2年半である。
English: The Governors-General in the early days included Sukenori KABAYAMA, Taro KATSURA, Maresuke NOGI, Gentaro KODAMA, Samata SAKUMA, Sadami ANDO and Motojiro AKASHI.
Japanese: 前期武官総督期の総督は樺山資紀、桂太郎、乃木希典、兒玉源太郎、佐久間左馬太、安東貞美、明石元二郎である。
English: Among them, Sadami ANDO and Motojiro AKASHI carried out the policies to protect Taiwanese interests, and Akashi was buried in Taiwan after his death.
Japanese: この中で安東貞美と明石元二郎は台湾人の権益を保護する政策を実施し、明石はその死後台湾に墓地が建立されている。
English: The civilian period occurred at roughly the same time as the Taisho Democracy, and the Governors-General during this period were nominated by political parties in Japan.
Japanese: 文官総督時代は大正デモクラシーの時期とほぼ一致し、日本の政党の推薦を受け赴任された。
English: The Governors-General appointed from 1919 to 1937 included Kenjiro DEN, Kakichi UCHIDA, Takio IZAWA, Mitsunoshin KAMIYAMA, Eizo ISHIZUKA, Masahiro OTA, Hiroshi MINAMI and Kenzo NAKAGAWA.
Japanese: 1919年から1937年までに田健治郎、内田嘉吉、伊沢多喜男、上山満之進、川村竹治、石塚英藏、太田政弘、南弘、中川健蔵が就任している。
English: During their tenures, the government changed their governance policy from the suppression of anti-Japanese movement to the establishment of a stable society by developing the economy.
Japanese: また台湾の統治方式を抗日運動の鎮圧から経済建設による社会安定に転換した時期である。
English: In 1937 the Japan-China war broke out and the military importance of Taiwan heightened, so military officers were again appointed to the post.
Japanese: 1937年に日華事変が勃発し台湾の軍事的価値が高まると、再び武官が台湾総督に任命されるようになった。
English: The Governors-General during this period included Seizo KOBAYASHI, Kiyoshi HASEGAWA, and Rikichi ANDO, and their policies primarily focused on meeting the military demand to support the Japanese war efforts, making Taiwan into the military base.
Japanese: この時期の総督は小林躋造、長谷川清、安藤利吉であり、戦争遂行のための軍事需要への対応と軍事基地化がその政策の中心であった。
English: Ando, the last Governor-General, was arrested as war criminal after the war and killed himself in Shanghai in 1946.
Japanese: また最後の総督である安藤は、戦後戦犯とみなされ拘束され、1946年に上海において自殺している。
English: In the early days of Taiwan Sotoku-fu, the Chief of Home Affairs was referred to as 民生局長官 (1895-1896), 民生局長 (1896-1898), 民生長官 (1898-1919) and 総務長官 after August 20, 1919.
Japanese: 台湾総督府初期は民政局長官（1895年-1896年）、民政局長（1896年-1898年）、民政長官（1898年-1919年）と称され、1919年8月20日に総務長官と改称された。
English: The Chief of Home Affairs assisted the Governor-General and was responsible for the actual implementation of each policy formulated by the Sotoku-fu.
Japanese: 総務長官は台湾総督の姿勢を輔弼すると共に、台湾総督府の各政策の実務を担当した。
English: Successive Chief of Home Affairs and its forerunners such as Director of the Home Affairs Bureau (民政長官) included Takashi MIZUNO, Shizuo SONE, Shinpei GOTO, Tatsumi IO, Kumaji OSHIMA, Shunji MIYAO, Kakichi UCHIDA, Hiroshi SHIMOMURA, Sagataro KAKU, Fumio GOTO, Kakichi KAWARADA, Jiro HITOMI, Morio TAKAHASHI, Shin KINOSHITA, Hiroyoshi HIRATSUKA, Jiro MORIOKA, Itsuki SAITO and Ichiro NARITA.
Japanese: 台湾総務長官は、前身である民政長官などを含め水野遵、曽根静夫、後藤新平、祝辰巳、大島久満次、宮尾舜治、内田嘉吉、下村宏、賀来佐賀太郎、後藤文夫、河原田稼吉、人見次郎、高橋守雄、木下信、平塚広義、森岡二郎、斎藤樹、成田一郎が就任している。
English: Among them, Shinpei GOTO, who built the foundation of the Taiwanese economy under Japanese rule, was a person with the most notable achievements.
Japanese: その中で顕著な活動をした人物に後藤新平があげられ、日本統治時代の台湾経済の基礎を築いた人物である。
English: Besides the Governor-General and the Chief of Home Affairs, there were the secretarial office of the governor general, departments of law enforcement, agriculture, finance, education, mining, external affairs, and judicial affairs.
Japanese: 総督及び総務長官以外に総督官房、警務局、農務局、財務局、文教局、鉱工局、外事部、法務部などが設置された。
English: Other governmental bodies included judicial and educational departments such as courts, corrections, orphanages, police academies, transportation, port authority, monopoly bureaus, Taihoku Imperial University, schools of all levels, agricultural and forestry research stations.
Japanese: これら行政機関以外に法院、刑務支所、少年教護院、警察官訓練所、交通局、港務局、専売局、台北帝国大学、各直属学校、農林業試験所などの司法、教育関係の部署を擁していた。
English: In addition to the central administrative bodies, the administrative regions were established for local governance and during fifty years under Japanese rule, they were changed as many as ten times.
Japanese: 中央行政機構以外に、内政統治を行うための行政区域が設置され、日本統治の50年間に10回もの改変が行われている。
English: In 1895 Japan started ruling Taiwan and set up three prefectures of Taihoku, Taiwan, and Tainan and Hoko-cho.
Japanese: 1895年、台湾統治に着手した日本は台北、台湾、台南の3県と澎湖庁を設置した。
English: After the frequent structural changes, the administrative divisions of Taiwan were confirmed as follows: the administrative regions consisting of Taihoku-shu, Shinchiku-shu, Taichu-shu, Tainan-shu and Takao-shu and Taito-cho, Karenko-cho and and Hoko-cho (independent from Takao-shu in 1926) were established in 1920 with the local administrative regions of shi (city), machi (town) and sho (village) ("sha" for the Takasago Tribe settlement) under each administrative region.
Japanese: その後組織可変が頻繁に行われ、1920年に実施した台北州、新竹州、台中州、台南州、高雄州、台東庁、花蓮港庁および澎湖庁（1926年高雄州より離脱）の日本統治時代の台湾行政区分設置と、その下に置かれた市・街・庄（高砂族の集落には社が置かれた）の地方行政区域で最終的な地方行政区域が確定することとなた。
English: The administrative regions established at this time influenced the Nationalist Government when it determined Taiwan administrative regions.
Japanese: この時の行政区域はその後の国民政府による台湾行政区域決定にも影響を与えている。
English: Five shu and three cho were equivalent to prefectures in the mainland Japan, and shi, machi, sho and sha were equivalent to cities, towns and villages.
Japanese: なお、5州3庁は内地の都道府県に、市・街・庄および社は内地の市町村にそれぞれ相当する。
English: In establishing the administrative regions in 1920, the original names were changed to Japanese names in some places, such as 打狗 to 高雄市、錫口 to 松山区 (台北市)、枋橋 to 板橋市、阿公店 to 岡山鎮、媽宮 to 馬公市, and these names are still used even today.
Japanese: また1920年の行政区域設定の際には、打狗を高雄市、錫口を松山区(台北市)、枋橋を板橋市、阿公店を岡山鎮、媽宮を馬公市としたような日本的地名等への改称が行われ、改称された地名は現在でも数多く使用されている。
English: The Qing dynasty, of which the defeat was inevitable in the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, aimed at an early peace pact and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan on April 17 of the same year, in which it agreed to cede the Taiwan region (the island of Taiwan and Penghu archipelago) as Japan demanded.
Japanese: 1895年に日清戦争の敗北が決定的になった清朝は、戦争の早期講和を目指して同年4月17日に日本と下関条約を締結し、その際に日本が求めた台湾地域（台湾島と澎湖諸島）の割譲を承認した。
English: However, some officials of the Qing dynasty as well as Chinese immigrants living in Taiwan repelled the decision by the Qing dynasty and proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of Formosa on May 25 of the same year to resist the seizure by Japan with the volunteer army led by Feng-chia CHIU.
Japanese: しかし台湾に住む清朝の役人と中国系移民の一部が清朝の判断に反発して同年5月25日「台湾民主国」を建国、丘逢甲を義勇軍の指揮官とし日本の接収に抵抗した。