nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Renga is a traditional form of poetry, and the kaminoku (the first part of a poem) and shimonoku (the latter part of a poem) are linked together by several people.
Japanese: 連歌（れんが）は日本の伝統的詩形のひとつで、複数の人間で和歌の上句と下句を繋げていくものである。
English: There are rules for linking poems, and many forms, such as the kasen (superior poetry) and hyakugin (a type of renga), are structured according to the number of phrases.
Japanese: 句の繋げ方には規則があり、また句数によって歌仙、百吟などいくつもの形式がある。
English: Renga is also called 'Tsukuba no Michi (street of Tsukuba)' because the origin of renga goes back to the Showa-Mondoka (chorus poetry in the form of question and answer) between Yamatotakeru no Mikoto and Mihitaki no Okina, which depicted Mt. Tsukuba and was collected in "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters).
Japanese: 連歌は「筑波（つくば）の道」とも称されるが、これは連歌の起源を『古事記』にある、筑波山を詠みこんだ、ヤマトタケル（やまとたけるのみこと）と御火焼翁（みひたきのおきな）との唱和問答歌とすることによる。
English: The earliest form of renga can be seen in the Hachidaishu (the first eight collections of waka compiled by imperial command) as a form of tanrenga (a 31-syllable poem in which the first and latter parts are made by different composers).
Japanese: そのもっとも早い形は八代集にみられる短連歌（三十一文字の上の句と下の句を別々の作者が詠む）である。
English: Since the medieval Kamakura period, the Chorenga had evolved into a hundred-stanza sequence, and after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) it reached its golden age in the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 中世の鎌倉時代から100句を基準とする長連歌の形式が整えられ、南北朝時代(日本)を経て室町時代が最盛期とされる。
English: During the Muromachi period, Rengashi (poets who wrote only renga) such as Yoshimoto NIJO, Sogi, Shinkei and others appeared, and rengakai were held at the residences of court nobles and leading temples.
Japanese: 室町時代には二条良基、宗祇、心敬などの連歌師が出現し、貴族の邸宅や有力寺社などで連歌会が催された。
English: Once the culture of Kyoto spread to the countryside amid the turmoil of the Onin War, renga came to be composed not only in the Kinai District but throughout Japan as well.
Japanese: 応仁の乱で京都の文化が地方伝播すると、連歌も畿内だけでなく、日本各地で行われるようになる。
English: It was a festival in which the lecture was given, a memorial service for the deified spirit of Sugawara no Michizane with an icon was held, and renga were offered.
Japanese: 講を結び、図像をかかげて天神供養を行い、もって連歌を手向けとするものである。
English: Such rengakai developed mainly in Yamato Province, and through the Muromachi period it spread from the Kinai district to various other areas.
Japanese: こうした連歌会は大和国を中心に発達し、室町時代を通じて畿内から各地へ伝播していった。
English: A record of the Tenjinko Festival Rengakai has been transmitted, such as Someda Tenjin Rengakai held in Muromura, Yamato Province.
Japanese: 天神講連歌会記録としては大和国の室生村の染田天神連歌文書などが伝来する。
English: During the Sengoku period, Joha SATOMURA appeared and wrote many books on renga, having social relations with some daimyo (feudal lords), and established an educational position of renga among the newly appearing daimyo.
Japanese: 戦国時代には里村紹巴が出て、連歌書を多く著すとともに、諸大名と交際し、教養としての連歌の地位を新興の大名のうちにも確立させた。
English: The Satomura family later served the Tokugawa family, and led the renga society as an instructor of seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 里村家は後に徳川家に仕え、征夷大将軍の指南役として連歌界を指導した。
English: At the end of the Sengoku period, Moritake ARAKIDA and Sokan YAMAZAKI started Haikairenga (a type of renga).
Japanese: 一方戦国末期には、荒木田守武、山崎宗鑑などにより俳諧連歌がはじまる。
English: This was an attempt to pursue the subject matter of renga in the social conditions, and to try to find humor in the combination of a traditional poetic form and something familiar.
Japanese: これは伝統的な宮廷文化の枠組みの中にあった連歌の題材を、広く世相に求め、伝統的な詩形や題材と卑近なものの組みあわせのうちにおかしみを見出そうとする試みである。
English: During the Edo period Haikairenga reached its zenith, and Saikaku IHARA and Basho MATSUO appeared from the Kyoto-Osaka area; however, renga had become obsolete.
Japanese: 江戸時代には俳諧連歌が隆盛となり、上方から井原西鶴、松尾芭蕉らを輩出したが、連歌自体は廃れた。
English: Haikairenga was also changed into the Tsukinami School, which took the form seriously, but during the Meiji period it became outdated in the reform of poetry by Shiki MASAOKA from haikai to haiku.
Japanese: 俳諧連歌もまた江戸後期に至り月並流といわれる形式を重視したものに変化し、明治になり正岡子規の俳諧から俳句への革新によっていったんは廃れた。
English: After World War II, modern poets like Makoto OOKA paid attention to the nature of group creation of Renga, and tried to compose renga as group poems in a manner free from tradition, while some people returned to the renga as a traditional poetic form.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦ののちは、大岡信など現代詩詩人のなかから連歌の集団制作性に注目し、伝統的な枠にあまり囚われない集団詩としての連歌を実践する試みがある一方、伝統詩形としての連歌に再び回帰する動きもある。
English: The latter holds rengakai such as Fukagawa Bashoan (the hut in Fukagawa in which Basho lived), and composes renga by traditional master and renju (people who attend the party to compose poetry).
Japanese: 後者は深川芭蕉庵の連歌会などを催し、伝統的な宗匠と連衆による連歌句作を行っている。
English: Both groups are endeavoring to continue their practice through various channels of the Internet.
Japanese: また両者の傾向とも、インターネットによる実践を行う試みが各所で行われている。
English: Although there is a revival movement, the number of associations and people who make renga is still small by comparison to that of haiku.
Japanese: ただし、このような復興の動きがある反面、連歌を行う人口や結社の数は、俳句に比べれば僅少といえる状態にとどまっている。
English: Sagami (dates of birth and death unknown, 998? - after 1061) was a female poet in the early eleventh century, and one of the medieval 36 Immortal Poets.
Japanese: 相模（さがみ、生没年不明、長徳四年頃（998年？）-康平四年（1061年）以降か）は、11世紀初頭の女流歌人で、中古三十六歌仙の一人。
English: A poem collected in the Hyakunin Isshu (A Hundred Waka Poems) is well known as a love poem: 'The bitterness of your cold attitude makes me pain and cry; my sleeves, which are wet with tears and never dry themselves, remain without decaying as they are; but my reputation is down by superficial gossip about this romance; how frustrating!'
Japanese: 百人一首に収められた、「恨みわびほさぬ袖だにあるものを恋にくちなん名こそ惜しけれ」は恋歌として名高い。
English: Before 1020, she married OE no Kinyori, Governor of Sagami Province, and came to be called Sagami's wife.
Japanese: 寛仁四年（1020年）より以前に相模守大江公資に娶られ、相模の女房名で呼ばれるようになる。
English: Although she accompanied her husband to his place of work in Sagami Province, their married life broke down, and they divorced soon after returning to Kyoto in 1024.
Japanese: 夫の任地相模国に随行したものの、結婚生活が破綻し、万寿元年（1024年）帰京してまもなく、公資と離別した。
English: Subsequently, Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Sadayori, who was the oldest son of Shijodainagon FUJIWARA no Kinto, often made approaches to her.
Japanese: その後、四条大納言藤原公任の息男であり、自身も歌人として名高い中納言藤原定頼からたびたびの求愛を受けた。
English: After the death of her majesty Empress Shushi in 1049, she served Empress Ushi, a princess of Emperor Gosuzaku (a grandchild of Empress Shushi's brother).
Japanese: 永承四年（1049年）に主君・脩子内親王が薨去した後は、さらに後朱雀天皇の皇女祐子内親王（脩子内親王の弟の孫）に仕えた。
English: All uta awase were held with the support of distinguished persons, which suggests that she had a high reputation.
Japanese: いずれも貴顕の後援で主催された歌合で、彼女の名声が高かった証拠である。
English: She was a kind of leader of waka poetry in the group of six waka poets (FUJIWARA no Norinaga, TAIRA no Munenaka, FUJIWARA no Tsunehira, MINAMOTO no Yorizane, MINAMOTO no Yoriie (poet), and MINAMOTO no Kanenaga), and her personal collection of poetry shows her friendships with the Noin priest Izumi Shikibu, as well as MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu.
Japanese: 彼女は和歌六人党（藤原範永・平棟仲・藤原経衡・源頼実・源頼家（歌人）・源兼長）の歌道の指導的立場にあったばかりでなく、能因法師・和泉式部・源経信などとの交流もそれぞれの家集から伺える。
English: The number of her poems collected in "Goshui (Collection of Poetry)," which was compiled during the era of Emperor Shirakawa, was the second highest after Izumi Shikibu.
Japanese: 白河朝に編まれた『後拾遺和歌集』では和泉式部についで第二位の入集歌数を誇る。
English: MINAMOTO no Shitago (911-983) was a Japanese scholar and poet of the early Heian period.
Japanese: 源順（みなもとのしたごう、延喜11年（911年）-永観元年（983年））は日本の平安時代初期の学者、歌人。
English: Famed for erudition since his youth, he compiled the "Wamyo ruijusho" (Kango-Japanese Dictionary) in his twenties, which was the first categorical dictionary in Japan.
Japanese: 若い頃から博学で有名で、20代で日本最初の分類体辞典『和名類聚抄』を編纂した。
English: In 951, though he was still a student, he became a member (yoriudo) of the Wakadokoro (Bureau of Poetry), editing the Man'youshu and selecting waka for the Gosen Wakashu as one of the "Five Gentlemen of the Pear Chamber."
Japanese: 天暦五年（951年）には学生の身ながら和歌所の寄人となり、梨壺の五人の一人として『万葉集』の訓点作業と『後撰和歌集』の撰集作業に参加した。
English: Not only did he show an outstanding talent for Chinese prose and poetry, but he was also such a gifted waka poet that in 960 he contributed a poem to the Tentoku Dairi Uta-awase (Imperial Palace Poetry Contest of the Tentoku era) and served as a judge at various poetry contests.
Japanese: 漢詩文に優れた才能を見せる一方で、天徳(日本)四年（960年）の天徳内裏歌合にも出詠しており、様々な歌合で判者（審判）を務めるなど和歌にも才能を発揮した。
English: He was known as a man of great talent, and in his personal collection, "Minamoto no Shitago shu (The Personal Collection of Minamoto no Shitago)," there are large numbers of waka using intricate wordplay.
Japanese: 大変な才人として知られており、源順の和歌を集めた私家集『源順集』には、数々の言葉遊びの技巧を凝らした和歌が収められている。
English: Also, authorship of "Utsuho Monogatari (The Tale of the Hollow Tree)" has been attributed to him and "Ochikubo Monogatari (The Tale of the Lady Ochikubo)," and some scholars even regard him as the author of "Taketori Monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter)."
Japanese: また『宇津保物語』、『落窪物語』の作者にも擬せられ、『竹取物語』の作者説の一人にも挙げられる。
English: It is a war chronicle in 40 volumes that describes the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) from 1318 through 1368 (for about 50 years), starting from Emperor Godaigo's ascension to the throne and continuing through the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, the Kemmu Restoration and the split into northern and southern courts that followed its collapse; the Kanno disturbance, and the death of the second shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and ending with the assumption of the office of kanrei (deputy shogun) by Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA.
Japanese: 全40巻で、南北朝時代(日本)を舞台に、後醍醐天皇の即位から、鎌倉幕府の滅亡、建武の新政とその崩壊後の南北朝分裂、観応の擾乱、2代将軍足利義詮の死去と細川頼之の管領就任まで（1318年（文保2年）-1368年（貞治6年）頃までの約50年間）を書く軍記物語。
English: The name 'Taihei' is said to represent a prayer for peace, and some have suggested that it refers to the pacification of vengeful spirits.
Japanese: 「太平」とは平和を祈願する意味で付けられていると考えられており、怨霊鎮魂的な意義も指摘されている。
English: As many other novels and TV dramas called "Taiheiki" were made after World War II, some people call it "the classic Taiheiki" in order to avoid ambiguity.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後、『太平記』を称する小説やテレビドラマが多く作られたため、曖昧さを避けるために『古典太平記』と呼ばれることもある。
English: Although the author and the period in which it was written are unknown, there is a description in Sadayo IMAGAWA's 'Nan-Taiheiki ' stating that the priest Echin of Hossho-ji Temple (Enkan) showed Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA its 30-some volumes, and it is thought that the volumes up to the twenty-first, which describes the death of Emperor Godaigo, had been written by the middle of the fourteenth century, likely by men of letters close to the Ashikaga shogunate, such as Enkan, the priest Genne, etc.
Japanese: 作者・成立時期は不詳であるが、今川貞世の「難太平記」に法勝寺の恵珍上人（円観）が足利直義に三十余巻を見せたとの記事があり、14世紀中ごろまでには後醍醐天皇の崩御が描かれる巻21あたりまでの部分が円観、玄慧など足利幕府との密接な関わりを持つ知識人を中心に編纂されたと考えられている。
English: That version was revised and enlarged at the hands of Priest Kojima (the same person as Takanori KOJIMA?), among others, and it is thought that the present Taiheiki in 40 books had come into existence by around 1370.
Japanese: これが小島法師（児島高徳と同一人物か?）などの手によって増補改訂されてゆき、1370年ころまでには現在の40巻からなる太平記が成立したと考えられている。
English: Some have suggested the possibility that Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, and the kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA were involved in its revision.
Japanese: 室町幕府3代将軍足利義満や管領細川頼之が修訂に関係していた可能性も指摘されている。
English: It has been assumed that the reason it is consistently biased toward the Southern Court is that the author was on the side of the Southern Court or because it was for the repose of the dead souls of the Southern Court.
Japanese: 一貫して南朝よりであるのは、南朝側の人物が書いたとも南朝方への鎮魂の意味があったとも推測されている。
English: Also, it criticizes contemporary trends in society, such as 'basara (extravagance)' and gekokujo (the spirit of 'lower overthrowing the upper').
Japanese: また、「ばさら」と呼ばれる当時の社会風潮や下剋上に対しても批判的に書かれている。
English: The extant circulating text has 40 volumes in total, but Vol. 22 had already been lost by the sixteenth century, and it is believed that the present one was completed by taking material from the volumes before and after it.
Japanese: 現存流布本で全40巻だが、16世紀の時点で22巻は既に欠落しており、前後の巻より素材を抜き出して補完しているものと考えられている。
English: The work consists of three parts: Part 1, describing the period from Emperor Godaigo's ascension to the fall of the Kamakura shogunate (vols. 1 to 11); Part 2, describing the period from the failure of the Kemmu Restoration and the split into northern and southern courts to the death of Emperor Godaigo (vols. 12 to 21); and Part 3, describing the disorder inside the Ashikaga shogunate caused by the rampancy of the vengeful ghosts of the Southern Court (vols. 23 to 40).
Japanese: 内容は3部構成で、後醍醐天皇の即位から鎌倉幕府の滅亡を描いた第1部（巻1～11）、建武の新政の失敗と南北朝分裂から後醍醐天皇の崩御までが描かれる第2部（巻12～21）、南朝方の怨霊の跋扈による足利幕府内部の混乱を描いた第3部（巻23～40）からなる。
English: The overarching concepts behind the work are the Confucian theories of "taigi meibun" (the theory of social hierarchy) and "kun-shin ron" (the relationship between ruler and the ruled), along with the Buddhist idea of karmic retribution, and it is thought to have been influenced by Sung Confucianism.
Japanese: 全体の構想にあるのが儒教的な大義名分論と君臣論、仏教的因果応報論が基調に有り、宋学の影響を受けたとされる。
English: Based on these concepts, Emperor Godaigo is depicted in the story as an emperor who lacks virtue, although Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA argued in his historical complication, the 'Dai Nihonshi (History of Japan),' that Godaigo, who aimed at direct imperial administration, was in fact very orthodox.
Japanese: この考え方にもとづき、後醍醐天皇は作中で徳を欠いた天皇として描かれるが、徳川光圀は修史事業として編纂していた「大日本史」において天皇親政をめざした後醍醐こそ正統な天皇であると主張した。
English: Consequently, Takauji ASHIKAGA was regarded as a rebel, while Masashige KUSUNOKI, Yoshisada NITTA and others on the side of the Southern Court were idealized as loyal vassals (the Tokugawa shogunate family claimed that it had descended from the Nitta clan), with this continuing up through the Mitogaku, which led to sonno joi (revere the emperor; expel the barbarian) at the end of the Edo period, and koukoku-shikan (emperor-centered historiography) before the Pacific War.
Japanese: これにより足利尊氏は逆賊であり南朝側の楠木正成や新田義貞などは忠臣として美化され（徳川将軍家は新田氏の末裔を称していた）、これがのちに水戸学として幕末の尊王攘夷運動、さらに太平洋戦争前の皇国史観へと至る。
English: The influence of 'Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike)' is seen everywhere in the book, with Emperor Godaigo's passing away in the middle corresponding to the death of TAIRA no Kiyomori, etc.; moreover, the text occasionally wanders with quotations from classic works, and many parts have been dramatized.
Japanese: 中盤の後醍醐天皇の死が平清盛の死に相当するなど、随所に「平家物語」からの影響が見られ、また時折本筋を脱線した古典からの引用も多く、脚色も多い。
English: Taiheiki' was passed on from the medieval period by monogatari-so (storytelling priests) through taiheiki-yomi (taiheiki storytelling or storytellers) and was used as a text for primary study, later becoming one of the stories told in the kodan (vaudeville storytelling) of the Edo period.
Japanese: 「太平記」は中世から物語僧の「太平記読み」によって語られ、初等学問に置けるテキストの役割や江戸時代には講談で語られる物語の1つとなる。
English: It also influenced early-modern Japanese literature; for example, after the Forty-Seven Ronin Incident in the Genroku era, where 47 ronin of the Ako domain took vengeance on Yoshinaka KIRA, the story was told as 'Chushingura (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers)' by Izumo TAKEDA and others under the pretext of 'The Tale of Takasada ENYA.'
Japanese: 赤穂藩赤穂浪士が吉良義央を討ち果たす元禄赤穂事件が起ると、竹田出雲らにより太平記の「塩冶高貞の物語」に仮託されて「忠臣蔵」として書かれるなど、日本の近世文学にも影響する。
English: Because the period of the Northern and Southern Courts is regarded, along with ancient history, as a period connected with the origins of the Imperial Family, and the images of Takauji as a rebel and Masashige as a loyal vassal had been fixed as the basis of koukoku-shikan, the 'Taiheiki' has rarely been used as the subject of novels, movies and TV dramas.
Japanese: 南北朝時代は古代史と並び天皇家のルーツに関わる時代で、皇国史観のもと逆臣・尊氏や忠臣・正成などのイメージが固定化された「太平記」は、小説や映画・TVドラマなどの題材として作品化される事は極めて稀であった。
English: Against that tendency, after World War II Eiji YOSHIKAWA wrote a novel about the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) called the "Shihon Taiheiki," giving Takauji ASHIKAGA a new interpretation that was different from the previous image of him.
Japanese: その風潮に対して、吉川英治は戦後、『私本太平記』において足利尊氏をそれまでのイメージと違う新たな解釈を加えて南北朝時代を小説化した。
English: In 1991, a drama "Taiheiki" (NHK Taiga drama) based on this "Shihon Taiheiki" was made and broadcasted by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation.
Japanese: 1991年にはこの『私本太平記』を原作に、日本放送協会大河ドラマ『太平記(NHK大河ドラマ)』が放送された。
English: A contemporary, Sadayo (Ryoshun) IMAGAWA, pointed out errors in Taiheiki in his 'Nan Taiheiki (Faulting the Taiheiki),' which was written in 1402.
Japanese: 同時代を生きた今川貞世（了俊）は1402年（応永9年）に著わした「難太平記」において内容の誤りを指摘している。
English: However, this might be related to the fact that Imagawa was an important figure in the Muromachi shogunate.
Japanese: ただし、それは、今川が室町幕府の重鎮であったことと関係するのかもしれない。
English: In the early-modern period, Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA used it as a source for his book "Dai Nihonshi," but Kunitake KUME, a professor at the University of Tokyo during the Meiji era, denied its value as a source.
Japanese: 近世では、徳川光圀は『大日本史』において資料としているが、明治の東京大学教授・久米邦武は資料的価値を否定している。
English: Additionally, there was a dispute about the historicity of a warlord on the side of the Southern Court named Takanori KOJIMA, said to be described only in the 'Taiheiki,' between Yasutsugu SHIGENO, who denied it, and Oko KAWADA, who sought a more careful interpretation of the materials (it is erroneous to see this as rooted in ideological opposition, with Shigeno as progressive and Kawada as conservative).
Japanese: また、「太平記」にしか記載がないとされている南朝方の武将・児島高徳の実在性を巡って、これを否定する重野安繹と、より慎重な資料批判を求める川田甕江（甕江）との間で論争が起こった（重野＝進歩的、川田＝保守的という思想的対立に理由を求める見方には誤りがある）。
English: Today it is regarded as a source to be studied in comparison with other important sources such as contemporary diaries, etc.
Japanese: 現代では同時代の日記など他の一級資料と内容を比較することで、歴史的資料として研究されている。
English: It is the first of the so-called 'Four Mirrors,' although it describes the second-oldest period.
Japanese: いわゆる「四鏡」の最初の作品であり、内容的には2番目に古い時代を扱っている。
English: It is also called 'The Tale of Yotsugi,' 'The Tale of Old Man Yotsugi (Yotsugi no okina ga monogatari)' or 'The Tale of Yotsugi's Mirror (Yotsugi no kagami no maki).'
Japanese: 他の呼び方として「世継物語」、「世継の翁が物語」「世継のかがみの巻」とも称される。
English: It describes 176 years of the Imperial Court's history, the reigns of 14 emperors from Emperor Montoku's ascension up to 1025 and the reign of Emperor Go-ichijo, with the prosperity of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and especially the glory of Michinaga FUJIWARA as its core, being written in the style of a dialogue between two extremely old men, 190-year-old OYAKE no Yotsugi and 180-year-old NATSUYAMA no Shigeki, with the criticisms of a young samurai, taking place at the enlightenment sermons (bodaiko) held at the Urinin.
Japanese: 文徳天皇即位から後一条天皇の万寿2年（1025年）に至るまで14代176年間の宮廷の歴史を、藤原北家、ことに藤原道長の栄華を軸にして、大宅世継（190歳）と夏山繁樹（180歳）という長命な二人の老人が雲林院の菩提講で語り合い、それを若侍が批評するという対話形式で書かれている。
English: It is written in a mix of wago (Yamato kotoba, native Japanese words) with kango (words of Chinese origin) and Buddhist terms, and is full of simple but dramatic expressions.
Japanese: 和語（大和言葉）に漢語、仏語を交えて書かれており、簡潔でありながら劇的な表現に富む。
English: In episodes such as the power struggle between brothers Kanemichi and Kaneie FUJIWARA, and Michikane FUJIWARA's deceiving Emperor Kazan into taking holy orders, the author vividly depicts the individual characters and strategies of the powerful, thus constituting some of the best parts of the work.
Japanese: 藤原兼通・藤原兼家兄弟の権力争いや藤原道兼が花山天皇を欺いて出家させる場面では権力者の個性的な人物像や謀略が活写されており特に圧巻である。
English: Also, when the work was expanded there was a story written about what happened afterwards, called 'The Tale of Another Old Man' (Ni no mai no okina no monogatari), which was said to have been written by 'a master of the Empress's household.'
Japanese: また、結末の後に増補された折に「二の舞の翁の物語」などと称される後日談が書かれており、これについては「皇后宮大夫」が書いたとされている。
English: Accordingly, it is assumed that probably MINAMOTO no Masasada (or his predecessor FUJIWARA no Ietada), who served as the master of the Empress's household during the period when Okagami is thought to have been expanded, was responsible for the additions.
Japanese: このことから、増補されたと考えられる時期に同職を務めた源雅定（あるいは前任の藤原家忠）が増補者であろうと推測されている。
English: Additionally, OYAKE no Yotsugi mentioned in the work that he was born on January 15 of the year of Emperor Seiwa's abdication, making his date of birth February 13, 876 (in the Julian calendar).
Japanese: ちなみに、大宅世継は作中で自分は清和天皇が退位した年の1月15日(旧暦)生まれだと発言しており、彼の生年月日は貞観_(日本)18年1月15日（ユリウス暦876年2月13日）ということになる。
English: Baishoron is a Japanese war tale and a history of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) as great as the Taiheiki.
Japanese: 梅松論（ばいしょうろん）は、太平記と双璧をなす南北朝時代(日本)の軍記物語・歴史書。
English: Although the author is unknown, it has been suggested that a retainer of Takauji ASHIKAGA or a monk closely connected with Muso Kokushi.
Japanese: 筆者は不詳だが、足利尊氏の側近とも夢窓国師に関係の深い僧侶とも推量されている。
English: Starting from the Kamakura shogunate's political achievements, it describes the course of Takauji's seizure of power from a standpoint arguing for the legitimacy of the establishment of the Muromachi shogunate by the Ashikaga clan.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府の治績から尊氏が政権を掌握するまでの過程を、足利氏による室町幕府創立の正当性を主張する視点から描いている。
English: It describes the restoration of peace in the country, continues to comment about the evaluation of Takauji's character by Muso Kokushi, and in the end it reveals the origin of the name of this book, comparing the glory of the Ashikaga shogunate to plum blossoms and his descendants' prosperity to the green of the pine.
Japanese: 天下平定の様子、さらに夢窓国師による尊氏の人物評そして最後に足利将軍の栄華を梅花に、子々繁栄を松の緑に喩えて書名の由来を述べて終わっている。
English: She became TACHIBANA no Michisada, Izumi-no-kuninokami's wife, and was called 'Izumi Shikibu,' this being a combination of the country of her husband's post and the name of her father's office.
Japanese: 和泉国守の橘道貞の妻となり、夫の任国と父の官名を合わせて「和泉式部」の女房名をつけられた。
English: Although their marriage later failed, the daughter born between them--KOSHIKIBU no Naishi--inherited her mother's poetic gifts.
Japanese: 道貞との婚姻は後に破綻したが、彼との間に儲けた娘小式部内侍は母譲りの歌才を示した。
English: She was said to be one of the ladies-in-waiting in attendance on Empress Shoshi (also read as Masako) and to have been called Omotomaru at first, but there are also theories that contradict this assertion.
Japanese: はじめ御許丸（おもとまる）と呼ばれた太皇太后宮昌子内親王付きの女房だったらしいが、それを否定する論もある。
English: While she was still Michisada's wife, her love affair with the third son of Emperor Reizei, Prince Tametaka (977 - 1002), became the gossip of the court, and she was disowned by her father for loving someone above her station.
Japanese: まだ道貞の妻だった頃、冷泉天皇の第三皇子為尊親王（977年－1002年）との熱愛が世に喧伝され、身分違いの恋だったとて親から勘当を受けた。
English: After the death of Price Tametaka, she was then courted by Prince Atsumichi (981 - 1007), his younger brother by the same mother.
Japanese: 為尊親王の死後、今度はその同母弟敦道親王（981年－1007年）の求愛を受けた。
English: As the prince's concubine, she bore him one son, Eikaku, but he died young in 1007.
Japanese: 親王の召人として一子永覚を儲けるが、親王は寛弘4年（1007年）に早世した。
English: From 1008 to 1011, she served as a lady-in-waiting to Empress Shoshi (also read Akiko), the wife of Emperor Ichijo.
Japanese: 寛弘末年（1008年－1011年）、一条天皇の中宮藤原彰子に女房として出仕。
English: When she was past the age of 40 she married FUJIWARA no Yasumasa, a retainer of her master Shoshi's father, Fujiwara no Michinaga; FUJIWARA, who was famous for his bravery, went to Tango, the country of her new husband's post.
Japanese: 40歳を過ぎた頃、主君彰子の父藤原道長の家司で武勇をもって知られた藤原保昌と再婚し、夫の任国丹後国に下った。
English: She was still alive when her daughter KOSHIKIBU no Naishi died in 1025, but nothing is known about her later years.
Japanese: 万寿2年（1025年）、娘の小式部内侍が死去した折にはまだ生存していたが、晩年の詳細は分らない。
English: Her love poems, laments and Buddhist poems best express her sincere feeling, and she has many masterpieces, particularly among her passionate love poems.
Japanese: 真情に溢れる作風は恋歌・哀傷歌・釈教歌にもっともよく表され、殊に恋歌に情熱的な秀歌が多い。
English: Her talent was praised even by her contemporary, the great poet FUJIWARA no Kinto, and she was truly one of the best court poets of either gender.
Japanese: その才能は同時代の大歌人藤原公任にも賞賛され、正に男女を問わず一、二を争う王朝歌人といえよう。
English: There exists an "Izumi Shikibu Nikki," a diary about the details of her love with Prince Atsumichi in story form, but whether she in fact wrote it is questionable.
Japanese: 敦道親王との恋の顛末を記した物語風の日記『和泉式部日記』があるが、これは彼女本人の作であるかどうかが疑わしい。