nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He achieved great popularity with his 'Bijin Okubi-e' (close-up portraits of beautiful women) which he began to compose around 1791.
Japanese: 寛政3年（1791年）頃から描きはじめた「美人大首絵」で人気を博した。
English: Utamaro devised a new composition focusing on a woman's face while omitting her body which the traditional bijin-ga portrayed.
Japanese: 歌麿はそれまで全身を描かれていた美人画の体を省き顔を中心とする構図を考案した。
English: This enabled him to minutely depict a belle's facial expressions and feelings.
Japanese: これにより、美人画の人物の顔の表情や内面を詳細に描くことが可能になった。
English: Utamaro portrayed only the common women like prostitutes, oiran (courtesans) and waitresses.
Japanese: 歌麿は、遊女、花魁、さらに茶屋の娘など無名の女性ばかりを作品の対象とした。
English: However, Utamaro's ukiyo-e became a medium that spread the names of his models across Edo.
Japanese: しかし、歌麿の浮世絵によってモデルの名前はたちまち江戸中に広まるなど、歌麿の浮世絵はひとつのメディアになった。
English: In response to it, the shogunate often gave him restrictions, but Utamaro continued to portray beautiful women in the form of hanji-e (picture puzzles).
Japanese: これに対し幕府はたびたび制限を加えたが、歌麿は判じ絵などで対抗し美人画を書き続けた。
English: Enraged by Utamaro's portrayal of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI viewing cherry blossoms at Daigo, the shogunate put him under house arrest, with his hands in chains.
Japanese: 歌麿が豊臣秀吉の醍醐の花見を題材にした浮世絵を書いたことが幕府の逆鱗に触れ、歌麿は手鎖の処分を受けた。
English: The portrayal of Hideyoshi who enjoys sake viewing cherry blossoms with his wives and concubines, including Kita no Mandokoro and Yodo-dono, is sometimes said to be a caricature of the then shogun, Ienari TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: また北政所や淀殿、その他側室に囲まれ花見酒にふける秀吉の姿が当時の将軍・徳川家斉を揶揄したものであるとも言われる。
English: Choshun MIYAGAWA (the date of birth unknown, 1682 - December 18, 1752) was an ukiyo-e artist in the Edo period.
Japanese: 宮川長春（みやがわちょうしゅん、天和(日本)2年（1682年）-宝暦2年11月13日(旧暦)（1752年12月18日））は、江戸時代の浮世絵師。
English: While many ukiyo-e artists produced both woodblock prints and drawings, Choshun MIYAGAWA concentrated on drawings and did not take up woodblock prints in his entire life.
Japanese: 浮世絵師の多くは版画と肉筆画の双方を制作したが、宮川長春は肉筆画専門の絵師で、生涯、版画には手を染めなかった。
English: Morobobu HISHIKAWA (the date of birth unknown, 1618 - July 25, 1694) was one of the leading male painters in the early Edo period, which is the early modern times in Japan.
Japanese: 菱川師宣（ひしかわもろのぶ、男性、元和(日本)4年（1618年）月日不詳-元禄7年6月4日(旧暦)（1694年7月25日））は、日本の近世にあたる江戸時代、その初期に活躍した絵師の一人。
English: He played an important role in developing ukiyo-e paintings, which till then had been just illustrations in picture books, into independent works of art appreciated for their aesthetics.
Japanese: それまで絵入本の単なる挿絵でしかなかった浮世絵を、鑑賞に堪え得うる独立した絵画作品にまで高めるという重要な役割を果たした。
English: Moronobu was born into the family whose business was to decorate textiles with embroideries and impressed metal foils, in Hongo, Hota, Hei County, Awa Province (present Kyonan-machi, Chiba Prefecture).
Japanese: 師宣は安房国平郡保田本郷（現・千葉県鋸南町）で暮らす縫箔師の家に生まれた。
English: Later he went to Edo to master the painting techniques of the Schools of Kano and Tosa, which produced official painters for the shogunate and the imperial court.
Japanese: のち、江戸に出て狩野派、土佐派といった幕府や朝廷の御用絵師たちの技法を学んだ。
English: "Tokaido-bungen-ezu" (The Picture Map of the Tokai-do Highway) which he composed with Doin OCHIKOCHI is known as one of the best pictorial maps produced in the early Edo period.
Japanese: また、遠近道印（おちこちどういん）と組んで製作した『東海道分間絵図』は江戸時代前期を代表する道中図として知られている。
English: His masterpiece is "Mikaeri Bijin-zu" (A Beauty Looking over Her Shoulder) (see the top right image) which is an internationally acclaimed original ukiyo-e drawing.
Japanese: 代表作としては、世界的に有名な肉筆浮世絵である『見返り美人図』（右上の画像）が挙げられる。
English: This drawing became widely known when it was used for a postage stamp (worth five yen commemorating "The Philately Week") issued on November 29, 1948.
Japanese: この絵は、日本では昭和23年（1948年）11月29日発行の記念切手（『切手趣味週間』額面5円）のデザインになったことでも広く一般に知られたものである。
English: The woman is dressed in red kimono with embroideries of chrysanthemums and cherry blossoms, and her obi tied in 'Kichiya Style' which was in vogue in the late 17th century.
Japanese: 女性は、17世紀末期当時の流行であった帯和装の帯の結び方「吉弥結び（きちやむすび）」と、紅色の地に菊と桜の刺繍を施した着物を身に着けている。
English: In order to depict her costume most beautifully, Moronobu made her stop to look over her shoulder.
Japanese: それらを美しく見せる演出法として、歩みの途中で後方に視線を送る姿で描かれたものと考えられる。
English: Matabe IWASA (1578-July 20, 1650) was a painter in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 岩佐又兵衛（いわさまたべえ、天正6年（1578年）-慶安3年6月22日(旧暦)（1650年7月20日）は、江戸時代初期の絵師。
English: He was born as a son of the lord of Arioka-jo Castle in Itami, Kawabe County, Settsu Province (now Itami, Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture), Murashige ARAKI.
Japanese: 摂津国河辺郡伊丹（現在の兵庫県伊丹市伊丹）の有岡城主荒木村重の子として生まれる。
English: When the castle fell, most members of the Araki family were killed, but Matabe, who was in his second year, was saved by his nanny and sheltered in Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, and then came to use his mother's family name, IWASA, as his family name.
Japanese: 落城に際して荒木一族はそのほとんどが斬殺されるが、数え年2歳の又兵衛は乳母に救い出され、石山本願寺に保護されて、母方の「岩佐」姓を名乗るようになる。
English: At the age of 40, he moved to Kitanosho (now Fukui City) and stayed there for more than twenty years, and then moved to Edo, where he finished his life full of ups and downs.
Japanese: 40歳のころ北庄（現福井市）に移住し、同地に20余年留まった後、江戸に移り住み、そこで波乱に満ちた生涯を終える。
English: It is unknown who was his master of painting, although there is a theory that it was Naizen KANO, whose father was a vassal of Murashige.
Japanese: 絵の師匠は、村重の家臣を父に持つ狩野内膳という説があるがよくわかっていない。
English: He was one of Yamato-e (traditional Japanese painting) painters representing the early Edo period, equaling Sotatsu TAWARAYA, but he created his own unique style of painting by absorbing various schools' ways.
Japanese: 俵屋宗達と並ぶ江戸初期を代表する大和絵絵師だが、様々な流派の絵を吸収し独自の様式を作り上げた。
English: In the "Kanaya Screen," which had been divided into several pieces by now, the subjects of painting and techniques from Chinese and Japanese classics were beautifully fused, and viewers can see the fruits of his style.
Japanese: 今では分割されてしまったが、『金谷屏風』には和漢の画題と画技が見事に融合しており、その成果を見ることが出来る。
English: The distinctive feature of Matabe's painting can be seen best in the representation of people; they have strongly-built bodies and their movements are extremely emphasized, which could almost disturb a balance.
Japanese: 人物表現にもっとも又兵衛の特色が現れ、たくましい肉体を持ち、バランスを失するほど極端な動きを強調する。
English: It is frequently said that his works, whose distinctive features are his dramatic touch and energetic representation, are the origin of Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints).
Japanese: 劇的なタッチとエネルギッシュな表現が特色のその作品はしばしば浮世絵の源流といわれる。
English: He is said to be a model of 'Domomata,' or also called Matabe UKIYO, who is the main character of 'Keisei Hangonko,' which is a popular program in kabuki (Japanese traditional performing art) or bunraku (the traditional Japanese puppet theater).
Japanese: 歌舞伎や文楽の人気演目である「傾城反魂香」の主人公「吃又」こと浮世又兵衛とモデルとされる。
English: There is a theory that it is a work produced by 'previous-Matabe schools,' but today the theory that Matabe himself was involved in the production of this work is widely accepted.
Japanese: 「又兵衛前派」の作との意見もあるが、今日では又兵衛自身が制作に関与したとの説が有力
English: Rosetsu NAGASAWA (長沢芦雪) (the date of birth unknown, 1754- July 10, 1799) was a painter in the Edo period.
Japanese: 長沢芦雪（ながさわろせつ、宝暦4年（1754年）-寛政11年6月8日(旧暦)（1799年7月10日））は、江戸時代の絵師。
English: It is unclear even when Rosetsu became Okyo's disciple since his career is much less documented than those of great artists in his times.
Japanese: 同時代の高名な絵師と比べるとその履歴を示す資料は少なく、いつ応挙の弟子になったかさえはっきりとはわからない。
English: As will be mentioned below, however, there remains a document in which Rosetsu told of his father, Hikozaemon UESUGI when he stayed in Nanki.
Japanese: 後記の南紀滞在の際に芦雪自身が、自分の父が上杉彦右衛門であると述べたという資料が残っている。
English: Apparently, Rosetsu was bold, cheerful in a sense, but also arrogant.
Japanese: その性格は奔放で、ある意味快活である一方、傲慢な面があったと伝えられる。
English: That is probably why there is a groundless gossip or a bad publicity that 'he was later expelled by Okyo' in addition to many anecdotes that recount his perverse behaviors.
Japanese: そのせいか、｢後年応挙に破門された｣というような悪評とも言うべき根拠不明な巷説や異常な行動を伝える逸話は多い。
English: He is described as 'an eccentric painter,' together with his contemporaries like Shohaku SOGA and Jakuchu ITO (by Nobuo TSUJI).
Japanese: 同時代の曽我蕭白、伊藤若冲とともに｢奇想の画家｣と評される(辻惟雄評)。
English: Considerably diverging from his master Okyo's style by using the extreme contrast between black and white, big and small, or compositions that utterly ignore realism, Rosetsu's eccentric tendency manifests itself in the interior mural paintings which he made in Nanki.
Japanese: 黒白、大小の極端な対比や、写実を無視した構図など師である応挙の作風から逸脱しており、この傾向は南紀滞在の折の障壁画にはっきり表れている。
English: While his style was essentially bright and gallant, he occasionally produced grotesque and gruesome drawings like "Yamanba" (A Mountain Witch) in his later years.
Japanese: 作風は基本的に明るく軽快であるが、晩年になって『山姥』のような時折グロテスクで陰惨な印象の作品を残した。
English: From 1786 to 1787 he composed many interior mural paintings during his stay in Nanki.
Japanese: 1786年-1987年（天明6-7年）、南紀に滞在した折に多くの障壁画を残している。
English: Currently, a total of 180 interior mural paintings by Rosetsu remains in Muryo-ji Temple in Kushimoto, Joju-ji Temple in Koza, and Sodo-ji Temple in Tonda.
Japanese: 現在、串本の無量寺、古座の成就寺、富田の草堂寺に計180面の障壁画が残る。
English: Kokan SHIBA (1747 - November 19, 1818) was a painter who lived during the Edo Period.
Japanese: 司馬江漢（しばこうかん、延享4年（1747年）-文政元年10月21日(旧暦)（1818年11月19日））は、江戸時代の絵師。
English: It is said that Kokan was acquainted with Gennai HIRAGA, and allowed to learn under Ryotaku MAENO and Naotake ODANO with the help of Gennai.
Japanese: 平賀源内と接点があり、彼を通じて前野良沢や小田野直武に師事したとも言われている。
English: There is a theory that Kokan drafted 'Tokaido Gojusan-tsugi', a masterpiece of Hiroshige ANDO.
Japanese: 安藤広重の名作「東海道五十三次」のオリジナルを描いたという説がある。
English: Among the painters who first developed the Western-style paintings in Japan, Kokan is viewed as influential along with Naotake ODANO.
Japanese: 日本における洋風画の開拓者としては、秋田の小田野直武（1746年-1785年）とともに重要な画家。
English: It is particularly worth noting that while Naotake employed Western drawing methods such as perspective and chiaroscuro while using traditional Japanese paints and ink, Kokan tried an oil painting using sesame oil.
Japanese: 直武の作品が、遠近法、明暗法などの西洋画法をとりいれつつ、画材は伝統的な絵具と墨とを使用していたのに対し、江漢は荏胡麻の油を使用した油彩画を描いたことで特筆される。
English: Kokan contributed to spreading Western paintings by featuring traditional Japanese sceneries such as Mt. Fuji while using Western drawing methods and oil-painting techniques, and offering the paintings to shrines and temples in various places across Japan.
Japanese: 江漢は、西洋画法と油彩の技法を駆使して富士などの日本的な風景を描き、それを各地の社寺に奉納することによって、洋風画の普及に貢献した。
English: One of his notable extant works, 'Soshu Kamakura Shichiriga-hama zu' (Mt. Fuji viewed from Kamakura Shichiriga-hama beach), was originally offered to Atagoyama-jinja Shrine of Shiba, Edo.
Japanese: 現存の代表作の「相州鎌倉七里浜図」はもともと江戸の芝・愛宕山に奉納したもの。
English: Although most Ema (a votive wooden plaque) deteriorates easily as they are hung on the walls of shrines and temples, this painting remains in a good shape as it was removed from the Shrine in early stage and preserved well.
Japanese: 社寺の壁などに掲げられる絵馬は傷みやすいものだが、この図は早い時期に社殿から取り外して保存されていたため、保存状態がよい。
English: As Kokan wanted to get away from all the annoyance associated with human relationship in his later years, he sent his own death notice to his acquaintances and shut himself away from society.
Japanese: 晩年人付き合いが煩わしくなり、自分の死亡通知を知人達に送り逼塞していた。
English: When he had to go out for errands and ran into one of his acquaintances as he had feared, he did not say a word and tried to run away.
Japanese: どうしても外出せねばならなくなり、案の定知人と遭遇するや返事もせず逃走した。
English: Kinsuke ENDO, Male, (February 15, 1836 - 1893), a bureaucrat, one of 5 great persons from Choshu domain in Meiji Period
Japanese: 遠藤謹助(えんどうきんすけ、男性、1836年（天保7年）2月15日-1893年（明治26年）)は、明治時代の長州藩出身の官僚で長州五傑の一人。
English: In 1886, Harry Parks (1828-1885), English envoy to Japan, arranged for English Admiral King to visit Choshu domain.
Japanese: 1866年　英国公使ハリー・パークス(1828-1885)はキング提督に長州藩を訪問させるよう調整した。
English: Kaoru INOUE and others greeted the admiral at Mitajiri and the next day meeting between Takachika MORI and his son, and King was realized at the admiral room in an English warship.
Japanese: 井上馨らは三田尻で出迎えて饗応し、翌日停泊する英国艦提督室で毛利敬親父子との会見が実現した。
English: After Meiji Restoration, he worked for the Mint Bureau (Japan) from 1870 through 1893.
Japanese: 明治維新後は、1870年から1893年まで造幣局(日本)に務めている。
English: In 1874, he conflicted with Kindle, the leader of foreigners hired to teach new techniques to the Mint Bureau and Endo lef the Mint Bureau.
Japanese: 明治7年には指導責任者であるイギリス人のお雇い外国人キンドルと衝突し、造幣局を去った。
English: But when the Mint Bureau canceled the contract with English Oriental Banking Corporation and disemployed nine foreigners including Kindle in January 1875, ENDO returned to the Mint Bureau again.
Japanese: しかし明治8年1月にはイギリス東洋銀行と契約を解消し、キンドル他9人のお雇い外国人が解雇されると、再び造幣局に戻る。
English: The custom of making pathways lined with cherry trees in the site of the Osaka Mint Bureau open to the public for one week in the middle of April every year began in 1883 by the order of ENDO who was Bureau Chief then and has been inherited to be still enjoyed as a special spring feature in Osaka.
Japanese: 毎年4月中旬の1週間、局内の桜並木を一般公開する大阪造幣局「桜の通り抜け」は1883年に当時の局長だった遠藤の指示により始まり、現在も大阪の春の風物詩として継承されている。
English: Kumajiro ARIYOSHI (1842-August 20, 1864) was a Japanese samurai, a patriot who belonged to Sonno-Joi-ha (supporters of the principle of advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) from the Choshu clan.
Japanese: 有吉熊次郎（ありよしくまじろう、天保13年（1842年）-元治元年7月19日(旧暦)（1864年8月20日））は、日本の武士･長州藩、尊皇攘夷派の志士。
English: He was commonly called Kumajiro; his real name was Yoshiaki (良明) or Yoshitomo (良朋); his by-name was Shitoku; his main name was FUJIWARA; and the epitaph on his gravestone was Yoshiaki FUJIWARA (藤原良明).
Japanese: 熊次郎は通称で、諱は良明（もしくは良朋）、字は子徳、本姓は藤原を称し、墓碑の刻字には藤原良明とある。
English: In 1842, he was born as the second son of a feudal retainer of the Choshu clan, Tadasuke ARIYOSHI (a younger brother of a kinju [attendant], Denjuro [傳十郎] ARIYOSHI).
Japanese: 天保13年（1842年）、長州藩士有吉忠助の次男（近習有吉傳十郎の弟）として生まれる。
English: After studying at hanko (a domain school) called Meirinkan, in 1857, at the age of 16, he entered Shoka Sonjuku School by Shoin YOSHIDA introduced by Shokai TSUCHIYA.
Japanese: 藩校の明倫館に学んだのち、安政4年（1857年）、16歳の時に土屋蕭海の紹介により吉田松陰の松下村塾に入塾する。
English: Shoin valued Tomitaro OKABE (子揖 Shiyu) of 'intelligence,' Ariyoshi (子徳 Shitoku) of 'honesty,' and Chuzaburo TERAJIMA (子大 Shidai) of 'composure,' and was contemplating making these three a group which would help him.
Japanese: 松陰は、「才」の岡部富太郎（子揖）、「実直」の有吉（子徳）、「沈毅」の寺島忠三郎（子大）と評して、この3名を一つのグループとして力にしようと考えている。
English: In 1858, accused of his sealing a written pledge of the assassination scheme of Roju (senior councils of the Tokugawa shogunate) Akikatsu MANABE planned by Shoin with his blood, he was put under house arrest by his uncle in his mother's line, Tasuke SHIRANE.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、松陰の老中間部詮勝暗殺計画に血盟をしたことから、外叔の白根多助により家に幽閉される。
English: He was one of eight Shoka Sonjuku School students who rushed to the houses of executives such as Masanosuke SUFU in order to inquire the reason for Shoin's criminal charge when Shoin was put in Noyama Prison again.
Japanese: 松陰が野山獄に再投獄された際は、その罪状を問うために周布政之助ら重役宅に押しかけた塾生8名の中の一人である。
English: In 1861, he went to Edo as an obante (a guard to defend Edo Bay) accompanying Shinsaku TAKASUGI for study purposes, and stayed in Yubikan on the premises of the Choshu hantei (the residence maintained by a daimyo) in Sakurada.
Japanese: 文久元年（1861年）、高杉晋作に随い御番手として江戸へ遊学、桜田の藩邸内にある有備館に入る。
English: In 1862, he attempted to assassinate a foreign minister in Kanazawa, Musashi Province with his fellow members including Takasugi, but the scheme was known to the heir of the lord of the domain, Sadahiro MORI, in advance and was not put into practice, and then the members were ordered confinement to the hantei.
Japanese: 文久2年（1862年）、高杉ら同志と武州金澤（金沢八景）で外国公使を刺殺しようとしたが、計画が事前に藩主世子の毛利定広に伝わったため実行に到らず、謹慎を命ぜられる。
English: The members who sealed the pledge on this occasion were these eleven: Takasugi, Genzui KUSAKA, Yahachiro YAMATO, Kurata NAGAMINE, Monta SHIJI (Kaoru INOUE), Gozo MATSUSHIMA, Terajima, Mikinojo AKANE (Taketo AKANE), Yozo YAMAO, Yajiro SHINAGAWA, and Ariyoshi.
Japanese: この時に血判署名した同志は有吉を含む、高杉、久坂玄瑞、大和弥八郎、長嶺内蔵太、志道聞多（井上馨）、松島剛蔵、寺島、赤禰幹之丞（赤根武人）、山尾庸三、品川弥二郎の11名である。
English: In 1863, he studied seamanship by orders of his clan, and then was ordered to serve in Kyoto Gakushuin School, where in capital Kyoto he pushed forward with the Sonjo (Sonno-Joi) movement.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）、藩命により航海術を学び、その後京都学習院への出仕を命じられ、京洛での尊攘運動に邁進する。
English: In the same year, after returning to Choshu due to the Coup of August 18 (September 30 in new calendar), he formed a group named Hachimantai with Kusaka, Shingoro HORI and other members in Yamaguchi.
Japanese: 同年、八月十八日の政変により帰国後、久坂、堀真五郎らと山口にて八幡隊を結成する。
English: In the Ikedaya Incident in 1864, he was attacked by Shinsengumi during the meeting with other fellow members including Toshimaro YOSHIDA, but escaped from the scuffle to the Choshu hantei, and then went to inform the people in the Choshu Domain of this sad news as a witness.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）の池田屋事件では、吉田稔麿ら同志と会合中に新選組に襲撃されるが、乱闘から長州藩邸に逃げ込み、事件の生き証人としてその悲報を国許に伝える。
English: In the same year, he went to Kyoto with other feudal retainers of the radical party, and in the Kinmon Incident (the rebellion at the Hamaguri-gomon Gate), he got severely injured and killed himself in the Takatsukasa House and so did Kusaka and Terajima.
Japanese: 同年、急進派の藩士らと上京、禁門の変（蛤御門の変）において重傷を負い、久坂、寺島らとともに鷹司邸内で自刃する。
English: His graveyards are located in Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku-jinja Shrine, in Kyoto City, and Mt. Asahi Shokon-sha Shrine in Yamaguchi City (Hachimantai Shokonjo [a shrine made for enshrining Hachimantai members who died for the nation]).
Japanese: 墓所は京都市の京都霊山護国神社、山口市の朝日山招魂社（八幡隊招魂場）。
English: Shojiro GOTO (April 13, 1838-August 4, 1897) was a samurai, feudal retainer of Tosa Domain and statesman in Japan.
Japanese: 後藤象二郎/象次郎（ごとうしょうじろう、天保9年3月19日(旧暦)（1838年4月13日）-明治30年（1897年）8月4日）は、日本の武士・土佐藩士、政治家。
English: He was born as the first son of Sukeemon GOTO, a Umamawari-kaku (horse guard) (150 koku, crop yields) in 片町 (Katamachi), a Kochi-jo Castle town.
Japanese: 土佐藩の馬廻格・後藤助右衛門（150石）の長男として高知城下片町に生まれる。
English: In 1858, with Yoshida's recommendation, he became a Bugyo, a magistrate of Hata district, and in 1861, he was promoted to a Gokinju metsuke (inspector of attendants) and later became a Fushin bugyo (shogunate administrator of activities by a community, such as cleaning or fixing stone wall), however, he fell from power after the assassination of Yoshida.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、吉田の推挙により幡多郡奉行、文久元年(1861年)には御近習目付、その後は普請奉行として活躍するが、翌年に吉田が暗殺されるや失脚。
English: In 1863, he came back to the political arena of Tosa Domain, won the confidence of Yodo YAMAUCHI, a former lord of Tosa Domain, and learned Rangaku (western studies), seamanship and English studies at Kaiseijo (a school run by Bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] for western studies) in Edo.
Japanese: 文久3年（1863年）に藩政に復帰し、前藩主山内容堂の信頼を得るとともに、江戸の開成所にて蘭学や航海術、英学も学ぶ。
English: As the vanguard of Kobu-gattai group, (a party of advocating Kobu-gattai which unites the court and the shogunate) Goto clamped down Tosakinno Party (loyalist clique of Tosa) and carried out punishments of the members, including Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) of Zuizan TAKECHI.
Japanese: 後藤は公武合体派の急先鋒として、武市瑞山らを切腹させるなど土佐勤王党を弾圧する。
English: He talked with Ryoma SAKAMOTO, a member of the sonno (reverence for the Emperor) group and proposed Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) based on Senchu hassaku (the basic outline of the new regime made by Ryoma SAKAMOTO), which was advised to Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), by Yodo.
Japanese: 尊皇派の坂本龍馬と会談し、坂本の提案とされる船中八策に基づき、容堂による征夷大将軍・徳川慶喜への大政奉還を進言する。
English: Thanks to these contributions, he was promoted to Churo (officials and advisors for lord of Domain) with 700 koku and later he gained 1500 koku because he received yakuryo (executive allowance) as an official in the position of administration.
Japanese: これらの功によって中老職・700石、のち執政として役料を合わせ1500石に栄進する。
English: In 1868, a treasured sword of honor was given to Goto and Hiroshi NAKAI from Victoria (Queen of England) because of his contribution to suppress the incident of the attack on Parkes, a British consul.
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）、英国公使パークス襲撃事件鎮圧の功により、中井弘と共に英国ヴィクトリア(イギリス女王)から名誉の宝剣を贈られている。
English: Although he served in important positions of the new government, such as Sanyo (councilor), chairman of the Council of the Left and Sangi (councilor), he left the new government with Taisuke ITAGAKI and Takamori SAIGO after the defeat in Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) of 1873.
Japanese: 新政府では参与、左院議長、参議などの要職に就くが、明治6年（1873年）の征韓論に敗れ、板垣退助・西郷隆盛らと共に下野する。
English: Goto set up the Aikokukoto Party with Itagaki, Shinpei ETO and Taneomi SOEJIMA and submitted the political statement for democratic representatives.
Japanese: 板垣・江藤新平・副島種臣らと共に愛国公党を結成し、民撰議院設立建白書を建白する。
English: In 1881, Goto set up the Liberal Party (Meiji Period) with Itagaki, a leader of the party, but he changed his mind to cooperate with the government.
Japanese: 明治14年（1881年）、板垣を中心として自由党(明治)を結成するが、のちに政府への協力に転じる。
English: He served as Minister of Communication in the Kuroda cabinet and the first Matsukata cabinet, and as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in the second Ito cabinet.
Japanese: 黒田内閣や第1次松方内閣で逓信大臣、第2次伊藤内閣で農商務大臣などを歴任。
English: In 1874, he bought Takashima coal mine in Nagasaki Prefecture from the government for about 550,000 yens and established a company called Horaisha.
Japanese: 明治7年（1874年）、長崎県の高島炭鉱を政府から約55万円で払い下げを受けられて蓬莱社を設立する。
English: However, the company went bust two years later because of sloppy management, which he resold to Yataro IWASAKI of the Mitsubishi (a financial clique).
Japanese: しかし、2年後に放漫経営のため破綻し、三菱の岩崎弥太郎に売却している。
English: His legitimate son, Taketaro GOTO served as the first president of Nippon Katsudo Film company (the predecessor of Nikkatsu).
Japanese: 嫡男後藤猛太郎は、日本活動フィルム会社（日活の前身）初代社長をつとめた。
English: Since Yasuyata's first son, Shozo GOTO, did not follow the procedures to succeed to the peerage, the Goto family lost the title as a count.
Japanese: その長男後藤省三は襲爵手続きをしなかったため、後藤家は爵位を喪失した。
English: The reason for Goto's high reputation is his great achievement in Tosa Domain and national politics at the end of Edo period.
Japanese: 後藤が著名である理由として、幕末期に土佐藩や国政に関わった功績が挙げられる。
English: Goto changed his political attitude from Kobu-gattai (reconciliation between the imperial court and the shogunate) to Hisabaku (anti-shogunate) because the movement towards the anti-shogunate was dramatically fostered by Satsuma-Choshu Alliance, which put pressure on the leaders of Tosa Domain.
Japanese: 公武合体から非佐幕へと政治姿勢を転換させた背景として、時流が薩長同盟によって倒幕へ傾斜したことに対する土佐藩の焦りが挙げられる。
English: Goto proposed Sakamoto's idea, Taisei Hokan, to Yodo and adopted it as the opinion of Tosa Domain, which contributed to the realization of Taisei Hokan.
Japanese: 後藤は坂本の大政奉還策を容堂に進言し、同策を藩論として大政奉還の実現に寄与した。
English: Because Goto did not mention that Taisei Hokan was Sakamoto's idea, some people criticized him for being an interceptor.
Japanese: しかし、同策が坂本の発案である旨を述べなかった事から、後藤が坂本の功績を横取りしたという汚名も蒙っている。
English: However, considering the fact that he had served as a liaison among Sakamoto, Yodo and Yoshinobu, which became the driving force for Meiji Restoration, he should be valued for his contributions.
Japanese: しかしながら、坂本や容堂、慶喜とのパイプ役を担って、明治維新への原動力となった点を考慮すれば十分な評価に値する。
English: After Meiji Restoration, Goto held important positions of the government, but he had a low profile and was underestimated compared to other statesmen who had contributed to Meiji Restoration because having left the government to join the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and entered business world made his political attitude look inconsistent, and the existence of the hero 'Ryoma SAKAMOTO' was so prominent that he was little known at the time.
Japanese: 維新後は政府の要職を歴任したほか、自由民権運動や実業界への転身に見られるように活動に一貫性がなく、また「坂本龍馬」という英雄の影に隠れてしまっている事もあって、維新の元勲の中では知名度も低く評価も高くはない。
English: Especially, Goto often disappointed the members of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement by having been bought off by the government.
Japanese: 特に、自由民権運動では政府の買収に応じるなど、同活動家を幾度も失望させている。
English: In addition, since he was the person who had put Takechi to death, some people criticized him for killing the future Prime Minister.
Japanese: また、武市を処刑に追い込んだ張本人であるため、一部では「将来の総理大臣を殺した」者として非難されている。