nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When a user finishes using materials, he/she is required to return all the materials to the counter where he/she received them before leaving the library.
Japanese: 利用が終わった後は、まず受け取った資料をすべてカウンターに返却する。
English: International Library of Children's Literature: Mondays, public holidays (except Children's Day on May 5), the third Wednesday of the month, and the Year-End/New Year holidays
Japanese: 国際子ども図書館-月曜・祝日（ただし「こどもの日」の5月5日を除く）・毎月第3水曜・年末年始
English: For the management of an enormous amount of materials, as a rule the Tokyo Main Library applies a closed-stack system for its materials, with which all materials are stored in a closed stack room that is not directly accessible by the user.
Japanese: 東京本館は、膨大な資料を管理するため原則としてすべての資料を利用者が直接触れられない書庫に配架する閉架式図書館をとっている。
English: For this reason the user is first required to search for the materials he/she needs on the NDL-OPAC (a search-and-request system for materials housed in the NDL) and then request the materials via the system.
Japanese: このため利用者は、まずNDL-OPAC（国立国会図書館蔵書検索・申込システム）で必要とする資料を検索し、システムを通じて資料の申込を行う。
English: Based on the request data on the NDL-OPAC, the materials will be taken out from the stack room; however, it takes about 20-30 minutes before a user can collect the requested materials because enormous amounts of materials are taken out of the extremely large stack room.
Japanese: 書庫からはNDL-OPACの申込データをもとに資料が出納されるが、膨大な数の資料を広大な書庫から出納するため、利用者は本の受け取りに数十分程度の時間を要する。
English: The Tokyo Main Library consists of two buildings (the main building and the annex), but generally the counter on the second floor of the main building is in charge of lending books and the counter on the second floor of the annex is in charge of lending periodicals.
Japanese: 東京本館は本館と新館の2棟から成り立っており、基本的に本館2階カウンターが図書、新館2階カウンターが雑誌の出納を担当している。
English: Also, special materials rooms exist for special materials by topics, as well as for materials that are unique among national libraries.
Japanese: また、主題別の特殊な資料や、国会図書館として特色的な資料については、それぞれに専門室が設けられている。
English: Because some of the materials in the special materials rooms are available in open stacks, users can read some of the materials on open shelves such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, statistics, almanacs, newspapers, etc., and hold them in their hands.
Japanese: 専門室では利用の多い参考資料は開架されているため、そこでは百科事典、辞典、統計、生活暦、新聞などの一部は書架から直接手にとって利用することができる。
English: The Asian Materials Room, specializing in materials written in Asian and North African languages, was formerly situated in the Tokyo Main Library, but when the Kansai-kan was opened to the public it was transferred to the Kansai-kan with its collection and renamed as the Asian Resources Room.
Japanese: かつてはアジア・北アフリカ諸国の諸言語資料を専門とするアジア資料室も東京本館に置かれていたが、関西館の開館にともなってその蔵書とともに関西館に移転し、アジア情報室と改称した。
English: A user cannot copy materials alone using a photocopier but is instead required to make a request at the Copying Center.
Japanese: 複写（コピー）は、利用者自身がコピー機でコピーを取ることはできず、複写カウンターに申し込んで行う。
English: Free copying by a user is not allowed in the NDL because the NDL has an obligation to preserve materials as a deposit library, and the NDL is required to confirm the portions to be copied because copying by library users in general is limited to the portion that can be copied without obtaining the approval of a copyright holder as specified in Article 31 of the Copyright Act.
Japanese: 利用者の自由な複写を許さないのは、国立国会図書館が納本図書館として資料保全を図る必要があり、また図書館一般における利用者の複写は、原則として著作権法第31条の定める著作権者の許諾を得ない複写の範囲などに限られていることから、同館は複写する部分を図書館側がチェックすることになっているためである。
English: For this reason a user cannot copy full pages of the latest editions of serials and materials protected by copyright, even if they are valuable materials only available in the NDL.
Japanese: このため、たとえ国立国会図書館にしか所蔵されていない貴重な資料であろうとも、逐次刊行物の最新号や著作権の存続している資料の全頁を複写することはできない。
English: Because self-copying is not available, it takes between 10-30 minutes before photoduplicates can be collected after a request for photo-duplication is made, depending on the level of usage.
Japanese: セルフコピーができないために、混雑時にはコピーの申込みをしてから複写製品を受け取るまでに、数十分の時間がかかる。
English: Due to the waiting time for the materials to be taken out from the stack room, combined with the waiting time required for photo-duplication, a considerable amount of time is required for a user to collect photoduplicates of target materials and the length of waiting time is one of the burdens for a user when using the NDL.
Japanese: 資料出納の待ち時間に複写に要する待ち時間を加えると、目的の資料の複写物を入手するまでに相当の時間がかかり、待ち時間の長さは国会図書館利用の上で、利用者への大きな負担となっている部分である。
English: However, there are self-service photocopiers in the Kansai-kan, and the user can copy portions of reference materials by himself/herself.
Japanese: ただし、関西館にはセルフコピー機があり、参考資料の一部を利用者自身で複写することができる。
English: Even in this case the user is required to have the portion he/she has copied in materials confirmed by a library staff person.
Japanese: この場合も、図書館担当者による複写箇所の確認は受けなければならない。
English: Also, a registered user can look up and identify a material on the NDL-OPAC system via the Internet and request a copying service by mail by paying the actual costs only.
Japanese: また、あらかじめ利用者登録をすれば、インターネット上でNDL-OPACから資料を特定し、郵送でのコピーサービスを実費のみで受けることができる。
English: Because the remote copying service is connected with the Japanese Periodicals Index system, it is possible for a user to specify the article to be copied within the searched magazines and request that a copy of such article be sent to him/her.
Japanese: 遠隔コピーサービスは雑誌記事索引と連動し、検索した雑誌の特定の記事を指定してコピーを受け取ることも可能である。
English: The Kansai-kan, as the Kansai Main Library of the National Diet Library (NDL), is located in Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 国立国会図書館関西館（こくりつこっかいとしょかんかんさいかん）は、京都府相楽郡精華町にある国立国会図書館の関西本館。
English: Because the NDL Tokyo Main Library (Nagata-cho, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) had nearly reached its full storage capacity, it was decided to build a new facility that would serve as a 'digital library' for the highly advanced information society; the new facility was built in Kansai Science City (Keihanna Science City) (Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture), and was opened to the public as the Kansai-kan of the NDL in October 2002.
Japanese: 東京都千代田区永田町に所在する国立国会図書館・東京本館の蔵書収容能力が限界に達しつつあるため、高度情報化社会に対応した「電子図書館」の機能をも盛り込み、2002年10月に京都府相楽郡精華町の関西文化学術研究都市に開館した。
English: November 1978: The 'Basic Development Plan for the Kinki Region' was signed by the Prime Minister, thus signaling a growing demand for the establishment of the Second NDL (provisional name) from local governments, academic society and economic circles in the Kansai region.
Japanese: 1978年11月　「近畿圏基本整備計画」の内閣総理大臣決定：関西の自治体や学会、経済界から「第二国立国会図書館」（仮称）の設置要望が高まる。
English: April 1987: A report on the establishment of a new facility in Keihanna hill (now Kansai Science City) was submitted by the Research Committee to the chief librarian.
Japanese: 1987年4月　同調査会、京阪奈丘陵（後の関西文化学術研究都市）への「第二国立国会図書館」の設置を答申。
English: May 1987: 'The Project Headquarters for the Second NDL (provisional name)' was established.
Japanese: 1987年5月　「国立国会図書館第二国立国会図書館（仮称）設立計画本部」が設置される。
English: July 1987: The 'First Basic Plan for the Establishment of the Kansai-kan of the NDL (provisional name)' was submitted to the chief librarian of the NDL.
Japanese: 同年7月　同本部「国立国会図書館関西館（仮称）設立に関する第一次基本構想」を館長に提出。
English: August 1991: The 'Second Basic Plan for the Establishment of the Kansai-kan of the NDL (provisional name)' was drawn up at the advisory meeting.
Japanese: 1991年8月　特別顧問会議、「国立国会図書館関西館（仮称）設立に関する第二次基本構想」を策定。
English: December 1994: Recommendations for construction of the Kansai-kan were submitted by the NDL Building Commission to the Diet; additionally, the 'Outline of the Basic Construction Plan of the Kansai-kan of the NDL (provisional name)' was submitted.
Japanese: 同年12月　国立国会図書館建築委員会、関西館の建設を国会に勧告、「国立国会図書館関西館（仮称）建設基本計画概要」を提出。
English: In tandem with the establishment of the Kansai-kan, the required number of deposits for domestic publications increased to two copies, one of which is housed in the Kansai-kan.
Japanese: また、関西館設置に伴い、国内出版物の納本冊数が2冊となったが、うち一冊は関西館に収蔵される。
English: As for the closed stacks for these acquired materials, one of Japan's largest movable stacks has been adopted to increase its storage capacity; meanwhile at the Kansai-kan, the process of putting in and taking out the materials from the stacks has been automated with guided vehicles controlled by computers, providing advanced services suitable for the information society,
Japanese: これらの資料を収蔵する閉架式書庫には、収蔵能力を高めるために国内最大規模の移動書庫が採用され、コンピュータ制御の無人搬送車で資料の書庫からの出し入れを自動化するなど、情報化社会に対応しようと試みている。
English: One can search the materials housed in the Kansai-kan or request the materials in the closed stacks by using the terminals in the reading rooms.
Japanese: 閲覧室には検索用の端末が用意され、蔵書検索や閉架図書の閲覧請求などが可能となっている。
English: Moreover, the General Collections Room holds, in open stacks, the reference books, abstracts, indexes, domestic government publications/statutes and parliamentary documents, library and information science materials, major periodicals and newspapers, nationwide telephone directories, etc., in Japanese and other languages.
Japanese: 一方、総合閲覧室には、開架式で日本語および欧米語の参考図書、抄録・索引誌、国内の官庁出版物・法令議会資料、図書館情報学資料、主要な雑誌・新聞、全国の電話帳が閲覧に供されている。
English: The Asian Resources Room holds, in open stacks, books, serials (periodicals, academic journals), newspapers, etc., in Japanese and other languages concerning Asia.
Japanese: アジア情報室では、アジアに関連する日本語および外国語の図書、定期刊行物（雑誌、学術誌）、新聞などが開架式図書館に配架されている。
English: There are also terminals with databases for searching bibliographic data of Asian countries, materials housed in the library, and newspaper articles, but some of the contents cannot be printed.
Japanese: また、アジア各国の書誌情報や図書館所蔵、新聞記事名検索データベースを利用できる端末もあるが、一部については印刷が出来ない。
English: These are currently operated by the Mutual Aid Association of the House of Representatives, but in the future operators will be selected from the public.
Japanese: 現在は衆議院共済組合が運営しているが、今後は運営業者の公募が行われる予定である。
English: From Hosono Station (JR Katamachi Line) or Shin-Hosono Station (Kintetsu Kyoto Line), take the Nara Kotsu Bus 39 or 41, or the south route of the Seika Kururin Bus, and get off at the "Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan" (National Diet Library) (time required: approximately 10 minutes).
Japanese: 片町線祝園駅・近鉄京都線新祝園駅から奈良交通バス39・41系統もしくは精華くるりんバス南ルートに乗車、国立国会図書館下車（所要時間10分）。
English: From Gakken-Nara-Tomigaoka Station (Kintetsu-Keihanna Line), take Nara Kotsu Bus 41, 47 or 48 and get off at the "Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan" (National Diet Library) (time required: approximately 15 minutes).
Japanese: 近鉄けいはんな線学研奈良登美ヶ丘駅から奈良交通バス41・47・48系統に乗車、国立国会図書館下車（所要時間約15分）。
English: For this reason its positioning is similar to a Buddhist altar in Buddhism; however, unlike Buddhist alters, mausoleums were not placed in a main building but in a separate building dedicated for use as a mausoleum.
Japanese: その為、仏教における仏壇のような位置づけであるが、仏壇とは違い母屋の中には無く、霊廟専用の別棟があった。
English: Also, there are cases where mausoleums were erected not only to perform memorial rites in honor of ancestors but also to the spirit of someone people admired, as seen in numerous mausoleums sacred to the memory of Confucius or Guan Yu around the country.
Japanese: また、孔子を祀る廟や関羽を祀る廟が各地に多数存在するように、祖先の霊だけではなく、民衆が敬愛する対象の廟を建立して祭っている事もある。
English: Even though 'Otarashihime no byo jinja' (one of the head shrines of Usa-jingu Shrine) is included in Jimmyocho (List of Deities) in Engishiki (Codes and Procedures on National Rites and Prayers); however, 'Kashii-byo' (now Kashii-gu Shrine) is not included in Jimmyocho but included under the category of Shikiburyo in Engishiki, which indicates that there were cases where mausoleums were distinguished from shrines.
Japanese: 延喜式神名帳に「大帯姫廟神社」(現宇佐神宮本社の一つ)とあるが、一方では神名帳にないが延喜式の式部寮の項に「橿日廟」(現香椎宮)とあり、神社と区別されている例もあったらしい。
English: There are shrines dedicated to the spirits of the heads of han (domains) in the Edo period and the Bekkaku-Kampeisha, established after the Meiji period.
Japanese: 江戸時代に創建された各藩の藩祖を祀る神社や明治以降に創建された別格官幣社などがある。
English: Also, there are many cases where mausoleums were built to console the souls of the deceased as groups, as seen in the examples of Yasukuni-jinja Shrine, which is dedicated to the war dead, Yayoi-jinja Shrine (now Yayoido) which is dedicated to policemen and firefighters who have died while on duty, and Hiko-jinja Shrine, which is dedicated to the victims of airplane accidents, etc.
Japanese: また、戦死者などを祀る靖国神社、殉職警察官、消防士などを祀る弥生神社(現、弥生堂)、航空事故犠牲者を祀る飛行神社など、集合的に慰霊を目的として祀る例も多い。
English: Tenmangu is indeed a mausoleum, since it is dedicated to the memory of SUGAWARA no Michizane; however, Temmangu is commonly recognized as a shrine sacred to the god of Tenjin (the deified spirit of SUGAWARA no Michizane).
Japanese: 天満宮も菅原道真を祀るので廟には違いないが、天神としての神を祀っているという認識のが一般的である。
English: In most cases the founders of religious sects or major Buddhist parishioners (the shogunate family/the lord of a domain, etc.) were worshiped in the mausoleums annexed to the temples.
Japanese: 主に宗祖や有力檀家（将軍家・藩主等）などが寺院に付随して祀られていることが多い。
English: As a mausoleum set with gems and precious stones in marble, the Taj Mahal is also cited as the jewel of Islamic architecture.
Japanese: 大理石に宝石、貴石を散りばめた廟で、イスラム建築の至宝とも言われている。
English: The term "mausoleum" in Western countries refers to a large, impressive tomb constructed for a deceased leader.
Japanese: 欧米の霊廟、マウソレウム（Mausoleum）とは、亡くなった指導者のために構築される大きく印象的な墓を指している。
English: Later, mausoleums would enclose a burial chamber within a burial vault below the superstructure, but modern mausoleums have columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) in addition to the former burial chambers under the mausoleums.
Japanese: 後に亡くなった個々の人々の為の地下聖堂を含んでおり、近代のものは、従来の霊廟地下墓室に加え、納骨堂を持っている。
English: The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, in Los Angeles, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments.
Japanese: ロサンゼルスの聖マリア大聖堂は、埋葬のための6,000の陵と納骨堂のスペースを持っている。
English: The English word "mausoleum" derives from the Mausoleum of Maussollos, the grave for King Maussollos of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, who ruled Caria.
Japanese: 英名のマウソレウムは、カリア国を統治したアケメネス朝ペルシアの王、マウソロス（Maussollos）の霊廟が由来である。
English: Grant's Tomb in New York was designed based on the Mausoleum of Maussollos.
Japanese: ニューヨークにあるwGrantsTombはマウソロス霊廟を参考に作られた。
English: Other notable mausoleums include Abraham LINCOLN's tomb in Springfield, Illinois.
Japanese: 他には、スプリングフィールド(イリノイ州)のエイブラハム・リンカーンの墓などが有名である。
English: In formerly socialist countries, mausoleums were often created to preserve the bodies of the founders of their countries, with the way they looked when they were alive.
Japanese: かつての社会主義諸国では、建国の父を生前の姿そのままに永久保存する形の廟がしばしば作られた。
English: These include 'Lenin's Mausoleum' in Moscow, 'Chairman Mao Memorial Hall' (Zedong MAO) in Beijing, the 'Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum' in Hanoi, 'Kumsusan Memorial Palace' (Il-Sung KIM) in Pyongyang, etc.
Japanese: モスクワの「レーニン廟」、北京の「毛主席紀念堂」（毛沢東）、ハノイの「ホー・チ・ミン廟」、平壌の「錦繍山記念宮殿」（金日成）など。
English: These phenomena are sometimes criticized as a deviation from the original doctrine of Socialism.
Japanese: このような現象に関しては、本来あるべき社会主義の理念からの逸脱として非難されることがある。
English: Buddha's sariras refer to the cremated ashes of Buddha's bones as well as the remains of the coffin and altar that were used for the cremation of Buddha when he passed away.
Japanese: 仏舎利（ぶっしゃり）とは、入滅した釈迦が荼毘に付された際の遺骨及び棺、荼毘祭壇の灰塵を指す。
English: The term 'sarira' (śarīra), a word borrowed from Sanskrit, means the skeletal remains or body (the term śarīra शरीर originally means 'body' in Sanskrit and also refers to 'dead body' as in English).
Japanese: 「舎利」は遺骨または遺体を意味する梵語シャリーラ(śarīra)の音写（śarīraशरीरの本義は単に「肉体」の意で、英語body同様に死体も指す）。
English: In Japan, Buddha's sarira is often used as a synonym of sarira, and the term sarira is used to distinguish the remains of others from those of the saints or Buddha.
Japanese: また、仏舎利と舎利は日本に於いてしばしば同義語で、「舎利」と言うことで聖者や釈迦のそれを他と区別する。
English: In this connection, some say the term 'shari (rice/vinegared rice)' for sushi is derived from sarira, but that view is wrong.
Japanese: ちなみに寿司で言う「シャリ」（飯／酢飯）の語源との説もあるが、これは誤り。
English: Initially, the Malla tribe that ruled Kushinagar (Kusinara), where Buddha died, expressed the view that Buddha's sariras should be solely owned by them, and a dispute arose over Buddha's sariras between the Malla tribe and other countries that had Buddhism as the state religion; consequently, Buddha's sariras were equally divided into eight pieces and, along with the case and remaining ashes, were dedicated to 10 temples in the surrounding countries within and outside Kushinagar.
Japanese: 釈迦入滅の地クシナガラの統治部族マウラ族は当初仏舎利の専有を表明し、仏教を国教とする周辺国との間に仏舎利を巡って争いが発生する事態となったが、結果として8等分され、それに、容器と残った灰を加えて周辺内外の10か所の寺院に奉納された。
English: 200 years later, King Asoka of the Maurya Dynasty in India, who was a pious Buddhist, unified the whole land of India under his sway.
Japanese: 200年の後、インドの敬虔な仏教徒であったマウリヤ朝のアショーカ王はインド統一を果たした。
English: He excavated seven out of eight places around the country where the Buddha's sariras had been dedicated, and pulverized the bones and divided them grain by grain, and subdivided the ashes into minute quantities; then he redistributed them to an enormous number of temples inside and outside the country; these were said to number some 80,000 temples, including the ones in surrounding countries.
Japanese: 全国8個所に奉納されていた仏舎利のうち7か所の仏舎利を発掘し、遺骨は細かく粉砕しひと粒ひと粒に分け、灰塵は微量づつに小分けする作業を行って、最終的に周辺国も含めて8万余の膨大な寺院に再配布を実施した。
English: Many monks from China, to which Buddhism was introduced in later years, headed out to India and the Kingdom of Thailand, where Buddha's sariras had been dedicated, and they held a memorial service with gems, etc., in front of stupa (a cone-shaped Buddhist monument in which Buddha's sariras were laid; a model and the origin of Japanese sotoba, or stupa); they took the gems as 'substitutes for Buddha's sariras' to China and applied them to the pagodas of their temples.
Japanese: 仏教が後年に伝来する中国では、多くの僧が仏舎利の奉納されたインドやタイ王国に赴き、仏舎利の収められたストゥーパ（仏舎利を納骨する円すい形の仏塔。日本の卒塔婆のモデルであり語源である）の前で供養した宝石類を「仏舎利の代替品」として持ち帰り、それを自寺の仏塔に納めた。
English: This method of using gems as substitutes for Buddha's sariras was also used in Japan in old times.
Japanese: この宝石を仏舎利の代用として奉納する手法は古くから日本でも行われてきた。
English: It has been said that Buddhism was officially introduced into Japan either in 538 or in 552, and that Buddhist statues and sutra were brought over at the same time, but there was no description of sariras.
Japanese: 仏教公伝は538年とも552年とも伝えられており、このとき仏像や経典が渡来したとあるが、舎利についての記述はない。
English: There is a description in the "Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)" that 'Buddha's sariras were placed in the cornerstone of a pillar of 刹 in Hoko-ji Temple' in January 15, 593 (in old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には、推古元年正月15日（西暦593年）に、「仏の舎利を以て、法興寺の刹の柱の礎の中に置く」とある。
English: In 1956, as a result of an excavation of the area surrounding Asuka-dera Temple, an ancient foundation of Hoko-ji Temple (Gango-ji Temple) was found.
Japanese: 1956年、飛鳥寺周辺の発掘調査により、法興寺（または元輿寺）の遺構が現れた。
English: A vessel for Buddha's sariras placed in a wooden box was found in a pillar foundation of the stupa, which no longer exists.
Japanese: そして今は失われた仏塔の芯礎から、木箱に収められた舎利容器が発見された。
English: The sariras were placed in the pillar foundation in 593, but the stupa was burned down in 1196 as the result of lightning.
Japanese: 舎利は593年に芯礎に安置されたが、完成した仏塔は1196年に落雷のため焼失した。
English: It is said that in the following year the sariras were dug out, placed in a new vessel and a wooden box, and buried in the pillar foundation again.
Japanese: 舎利は翌年いったん掘り出され、新しい舎利容器と木箱に入れて、ふたたび芯礎部分に埋めたものという。
English: During the Asuka period, temples with outstanding stupa, such as Hoko-ji Temple, Ikaruga-dera Temple (now Horyu-ji Temple), and the existing Shitenno-ji Temple, were built, whose stupa were dedicated to Buddha's sariras.
Japanese: 飛鳥時代には法興寺、斑鳩寺（現在の法隆寺）、現在の四天王寺など、立派な仏塔を備えた寺院が建立されているが、これらの仏塔は仏舎利を祭るものである。
English: There is a description in the "Nihon Shoki" that Buddhist statues, a golden stupa and sariras were sent by Jinpyeong-wang of the Silla Kingdom in July, 623 (in old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 『日本書紀』はまた、推古30年7月（西暦623年）に新羅の真平王が仏像・金塔・舎利などを贈ってきたとある。
English: In Buddhism's early days, Buddhist doctrine was valued so statues were not created based on the Indian customs and religious observances.
Japanese: 初期仏教では仏法（教え）を貴び、またインドの慣習儀礼に基づき像を造ることがなかった。
English: However, when Buddhism was introduced into Japan, Buddhist statues existed from the beginning, so Buddha's sariras and stupa, which were dedicated to the sariras, were not necessarily at the center of the religion.
Japanese: しかし日本へ伝来したときは最初から仏像があったので、仏舎利とそれを祭る仏塔は必ずしも信仰の中心ではなかった。
English: While Jianzhen visited Japan with Buddha's sariras in 754, Kukai brought back a large number of Buddha's sariras with Shingon Esoteric Buddhism in 806.
Japanese: 754年に鑑真が仏舎利を携えて来日しているが、806年に空海らが真言密教とともに大量の仏舎利を持ち帰った。
English: Subsequently, worship for Buddha's sariras was reignited in Japan and people started to worship not only sariras in stupa but also in a vessel for Buddha's sariras within the building.
Japanese: 以降、日本において仏舎利信仰が再燃し、仏塔だけでなく舎利容器に収めたものを室内でも礼拝するようになる。
English: Because of the national seclusion in the Edo period and the anti-Buddhism movement in the Meiji period, interactions with overseas countries broke off, but there were a few cases where Buddha's sariras were given as a result of interactions with the countries of Theravada Buddhism such as Sri Lanka and Thailand after 1900, at the end of the Meiji period.
Japanese: 江戸時代の鎖国、明治の廃仏毀釈などで海外との交流は途絶えるが、明治末期の1900年以降、スリランカ、タイ王国などの上座部仏教圏との交流から仏舎利を贈与された例がいくつかある。
English: Buddha's sariras will multiply in number, become bigger or change colors if owned by someone who deserves to have them.'
Japanese: 「仏舎利奉戴に相応しい者が持てば数も増え、大きくなったり、変色したりする」
English: This tradition has been a hotbed of craft such as, 'If Buddha's sariras increase in number, it is a sign of good business,' as seen in a comment by Hogen FUKUNAGA, founder of Ho-no-Hana Sampogyo, a religious organization, who stated, 'When I was given genuine Buddha's sariras, they multiplied by 100 due to my supernatural power.'
Japanese: この伝承が、宗教団体法の華三法行を主催した福永法源が「真性仏舎利を奉戴した後、超能力で100個に増えた」と言ったことからも分かるように、「仏舎利が増えるならビジネスになる」という悪智慧の温床にもなってしまっている。
English: According to another version, the so-called sariras of Buddha spread throughout Asia in a combined weight of two tons.
Japanese: 一説には、現在アジア全土に自称仏舎利の合計は2トンにも達するという。
English: There are genuine Buddha's sariras that are the remains of Buddha's bones and ashes, as well as substitutes such as gems, etc; over the years it has become confusing and unclear which of Buddha's sariras, whether genuine or substitutes, were dedicated in which temple.
Japanese: 仏舎利は、釈迦の遺骨・灰塵である真性の仏舎利のほか、宝石等による代替仏舎利が、時を経るごとに混乱して真・代いずれが何処の寺院に奉納されているのかが不明瞭になっている。
English: Therefore, the Sri Lankan government conducted research on actual conditions and manages them by collecting Buddha's sariras where possible.
Japanese: そのため後年スリランカ政府が実態を調査し、回収可能なものは回収するなどして管理している。
English: The Sri Lankan government says, 'We do not give away Buddha's sariras as an exchange for money (donation), but we give them to the temples that deserve to receive them based on our investigation and selection.'
Japanese: 現在スリランカ政府は「仏舎利は金銭（布施）による取引で贈与することはなく、奉戴するに相応しい寺院団体を審査のうえで選出し、贈与している」としている。
English: What is deemed to be the true remains of Buddha's bones, archaeologically, was excavated in India in 1898 and subsequently transferred by the United Kingdom, which ruled India at that time, to Siam (now the Kingdom of Thailand).
Japanese: 考古学的に本物の釈迦の遺骨とされるものは、1898年にインドで発掘されたものであり、これは当時インドを支配していた英国からシャム国（現在のタイ王国）に譲渡されている。
English: A portion of the sariras was given to the Japanese people by Rama V of Siam, and Kakuozan Nissen-ji Temple (now Kakuo-zan Nittai-ji Temple) was built to deposit it.
Japanese: その一部はシャム国王ラーマ5世から日本国民へ贈られ、それを納めるために創建されたのが覚王山日暹寺（現在の覚王山日泰寺）である。
English: Buddha, in his later years, said to his disciples, 'All things must come to an end; when I am dead, my teachings will lead you; never shirk, but keep studying.'
Japanese: 釈迦は晩年、弟子らに対して「総てのものには必ず終わりがある／私の亡き後は私の遺した教えが皆の拠り所である。怠らず弁ぜよ」と語った。
English: Because the Buddha explained that the handing down of doctrine was of the greatest importance as Shogyo-mujo (all things are impermanent) is inevitable, in later years there were some who believed that worshiping and venerating the Buddha's sariras, which exist as tangible things, deviates from the Buddha's intention.
Japanese: 諸行無常は必然とした上で、教義の伝承を最重要と説いていることから、後代の解釈では、物として実在する仏舎利を過度に崇拝崇敬することは釈迦の意向から逸脱している、と考える向きもある。