nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Dated the same day, Hidetada TOKUGAWA was also appointed to Jiju (a chamberlain), with the name of Hidetada TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: 同日付で息子徳川秀忠も侍従に任官しているが、これは豊臣秀忠名義となっている。
English: In the similar way, it is considered that the following two decrees were also issued with the name of Ieyasu TOYOTOMI: the one of 'should assume both posts of Sakone no daisho (Major Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Samaryo gogen (Inspector of the Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses),' dated on December 28, the same year, and the one for promoting him to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and for changing the post to Naidaijin (Inner Minister), dated May 8 (in the old calendar), 1596.
Japanese: 同様に、同年12月28日付の「左近衛大将左馬寮御監両官職兼帯」の宣旨、慶長元年5月8日付の正二位内大臣の昇叙転任の宣旨についても豊臣家康の名義と考えられる。
English: The decrees having been issued for awarding ranks and for appointing posts to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA were lost (recorded in the article on May 8 (in the old calendar), 1645, of Tokugawa Jikki), and those that are now stored in Tosho-gu Shrine are the documents that were obtained through requesting the Imperial court to re-issue them in 1645, and there is a possibility that the name of Toyotomi was changed to Minamoto when re-issuing them.
Japanese: 現在、日光東照宮所蔵の徳川家康の任官叙位の宣旨は、徳川家康の任官叙位の宣旨が遺失したため（徳川実紀正保2年5月8日条）、正保2年（1645年）、征夷大将軍・徳川家光の要請により、朝廷に対して再発行の手続きによる文書として伝わっており、再発行の段階で豊臣から源に変更した可能性がある。
English: According to Ieyasu's will, his body was buried in Mt. Kuno in the southeast of Sunpu (present Tosho-gu Shrine on Mt. Kuno) initially, but after the first anniversary of his death, was re-buried in Tosho-sha Shrine in Nikko City due north of Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 家康の遺言により、始めは駿府の南東の久能山（現久能山東照宮）に葬られ、一周忌を経て江戸城の真北に在る日光市の東照社に改葬された。
English: The close retainers, Tenkai and Suden, contested whether his shingo should be Gongen (incarnation) or Myojin (a gracious deity), and with Tenkai having won, Ieyasu was made the Gongen (incarnation) of Yakushinyorai (Bhaisajyaguru, Buddha able to cure all ills) based on Sanno-ichijitsu Shinto.
Japanese: 神号は側近の天海と崇伝の間で、権現と明神の何れとするかが争われたが天海が勝ち、山王一実神道に則って薬師如来を本地とする権現とされた。
English: Then the shingo of Tosho-Daigongen was awarded on February 21 (in the old calendar), 1617, and the god rank of Shoichii (Senior First Rank) on March 9.
Japanese: それから、元和3年（1617年）2月21日に東照大権現の神号、3月9日に神階正一位が贈られる。
English: The decree permitting use of the character of gu (宮) was issued for Tosho-sha (社) on November 3 (in the old calendar), 1645, and the shrine became named Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine.
Japanese: 東照社は正保2年（1645年）11月3日に宮号宣下があり、日光東照宮となった。
English: As the founder of the Edo bakufu, Ieyasu was sometimes called Tosho-shinkun or Gongen-sama, and was worshiped throughout the Edo period.
Japanese: 家康は江戸幕府の始祖として東照神君、権現様とも呼ばれ江戸時代を通して崇拝された。
English: Daiju-ji Temple, the Matsudaira clan's family temple located in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture, and Ankokuin-reibyo on Mt. Koya, are his mausoleums as well.
Japanese: 他の霊廟としては松平氏の菩提寺である愛知県岡崎市の大樹寺、高野山にある徳川氏霊台の安国院殿霊廟がある。
English: By the way, of 15 Tokugawa shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA in addition to Ieyasu are not buried in Kanei-ji Temple nor Zojo-ji Temple.
Japanese: なお、徳川将軍15人中寛永寺か増上寺のどちらにも墓所がないのは家康以外には徳川家光と徳川慶喜がいる。
English: For being good at fighting, he was called 'the best in handling a bow along the Tokai-do road,' and was called 'God lord Ieyasu' in the Edo period.
Japanese: その戦上手は「海道一の弓取」と称され、江戸時代には家康は「神君家康公」と呼ばれた。
English: On the contrary, in the era from the Meiji period to the end of the Pacific War, people hesitated to praise him, for the reason that he was a 'cunning retainer' who repressed the Imperial court.
Japanese: 逆に明治から太平洋戦争後までは、朝廷を抑圧した「奸臣」として、賞賛することは慮られるようになった。
English: The control system of the Edo bakufu that Ieyasu established, with the Tokugawa shogun family at its pinnacle, was an extremely complete one.
Japanese: 家康が礎を築いた徳川将軍家を頂点とする江戸幕府の支配体系は極めて完成度の高いものである。
English: The Edo bakufu exclusively controlled an area producing approx. 4 million koku of rice, including major cities controlled directly by the bakufu (called Tenryo), such as Kyoto, Osaka, and Sakai, and approx. 7 million koku when the territories of Hatamoto (direct retainers of the Tokugawa family) were included additionally, one-third of the total amount of rice crop in the nation (the amount was much more when the territories of Shinpan (whose lords were a relative of the shogun family) and Fudai-daimyo (the daimyo whose families were retainers from before the Battle of Sekigahara) were added as well.
Japanese: 江戸幕府は京都、大坂、堺など全国の幕府直轄主要都市（天領）を含め約400万石、旗本知行地を含めれば全国の総石高の1/3に相当する約700万石を独占管理（親藩・譜代大名領を加えればさらに増加する）した。
English: In addition, the bakufu had overwhelming power outclassing other daimyo, for example, by controlling the basis of monetary economy through the possession of important mines, such as the gold mine on Sado island, and through the monopoly of the minting right.
Japanese: さらには佐渡金山など重要鉱山と貨幣を作る権利も独占して貨幣経済の根幹もおさえるなど、他の大名の追随を許さない圧倒的な権力基盤を持っていた。
English: With this background, the bakufu regulated and controlled even the emperor's family in addition to the daimyo throughout the nation, shrines and temples, and the Imperial court, through various laws and regulations.
Japanese: これを背景に全国諸大名、寺社、朝廷、そして天皇家までをもいくつもの法度で取り締まり支配した。
English: When a person acted against the control or was judged to be dangerous for the bakufu, the person was not tolerated.
Japanese: これに逆らうもの、もしくは幕府に対して危険であると判断されたものには容赦しなかった。
English: Therefore, in the early Edo bakufu period, many daimyo were deprived of their territories.
Japanese: そのため江戸幕府の初期はいくつもの大名が改易（取り潰し）の憂き目にあっている。
English: Even the Imperial court and the emperor's family were no exception, and the Shie Incident (the great conflict between the shogunate and the Imperial Court, concerning priests' robes which were usually purple) was a symbolic one.
Japanese: これは朝廷や天皇家でさえも例外ではなく、紫衣事件などはその象徴的事件であった。
English: The bakufu financially oppressed even daimyo obedient to the bakufu, for example, with the Sankin-kotai system (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo), not to allow them to have the power to resist the bakufu.
Japanese: 幕府に従順な大名に対しても参勤交代などで常に財政を圧迫させ幕府に反抗する力を与えることを許さなかった。
English: It was the Ieyasu-established Edo bakufu that, placing the Tokugawa shogun family at its pinnacle of the reign based on its overwhelming power base, controlled daimyo throughout the nation, the Imperial court, and the emperor's family in the posture of 'Do not make them live nor kill them, and abolish a family if it resisted the bakufu (or was dangerous for the bakufu).'
Japanese: このように圧倒的な権力基盤を背景にして徳川将軍家を頂点に君臨させ、全国の諸大名・朝廷・天皇家を「生かさず殺さず、逆らえば（もしくはその危険があるならば）潰す」の姿勢で支配したのが家康の築いた江戸幕府であった。
English: The absolute control system of the Edo bakufu, in which only the Tokugawa shogun family was considered to be absolute, could be viewed as 'conservative and feudal.'
Japanese: このように徳川将軍家のみを絶対とする江戸幕府の絶対的な支配体系については「保守的・封建的」との見方もできる。
English: On the other hand, it is also an undeniable fact that, because such a solid control system had been established, the bakufu government could end the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (in Japan) and could be a long-term stable one that continued for more than 250 years, an unprecedentedly long term in global history.
Japanese: 一方、これほどまでの強固な支配体系が確立されたからこそ、戦国時代(日本)を完全に終結させ、そして江戸幕府が250年以上に及ぶ世界史上類を見ない長期安定政権となったことは否定できない事実である。
English: Therefore, Ieyasu's competence of having established the base of the Edo bakufu is evaluated highly.
Japanese: そのため、この江戸幕府の礎を築き上げた家康の手腕は今なお高く評価されている。
English: Furthermore, it is also said that, just because this control base existed, the transition to the new Meiji government could be made swiftly.
Japanese: また、この統治基盤が有ったからこそ、明治新政府へ移行が速やかに進められたとも言われる。
English: It can be evaluated that his employment of closed diplomatic policies leading to later national isolation enabled the nation to prevent invasion from various foreign nations towards the end of the bakufu era.
Japanese: 後の鎖国政策につながるような閉鎖的外交方針を諸外国との外交基本政策にしたことから、幕末まで海外諸国からの侵略を防げたと評価できる。
English: By the way, these 'achievements' were accomplished after his death, based on the situation at that time, and were irrelevant as accusations against him.
Japanese: なお、これらの「業績」は家康の死後に、当時の情勢において行われたもので、彼に対する非難としては的を外している。
English: There is the accusation as well that his establishment of a completely centralized feudal control system, in which, with the Tokugawa shogun family placed as the absolute monarch, even the emperor family in addition to the Imperial court as well as daimyo, temples and shrines throughout the nation were placed under its control virtually and closed diplomatic policies were taken, was a factor that delayed modernization of Japan.
Japanese: 徳川将軍家を絶対君主制とする、全国の諸大名をはじめ寺社勢力、朝廷そして天皇家までも実質支配下に置き、さらには外交面でも閉鎖的な徹底した中央集権的封建支配体制を築き上げたことは日本の近代化を遅れさせる一因となったという非難の声もある。
English: Furthermore, concerning this, there are many criticisms as well for having controlled farmers in the posture of 'Do not kill them nor make them live' and for the harsh repression of Christians.
Japanese: また、これに関連して「生かさず殺さず」の姿勢で百姓を支配しようとした事やキリシタンに対する厳しい弾圧への批判も多い。
English: Ieyasu is said to have neglected the Imperial court more than Nobunaga, and actually he virtually placed the Imperial court under his control.
Japanese: 家康は信長以上に朝廷をないがしろにしたと言われ、実際彼は朝廷を事実上支配下においていた。
English: In 1606, he prohibited the Imperial court from awarding official ranks to daimyo without recommendation of the bakufu, and established Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto, to thoroughly remove the political involvement of the Imperial court.
Japanese: 慶長11年（1606年）には幕府の推挙無しに大名の官位の授与を禁止し、禁中並公家諸法度を制定するなどして朝廷の政治関与を徹底的に排除している。
English: On December 17 during Osaka Fuyu no Jin, the Imperial court proposed Ieyasu to mediate reconciliation with a decree, but Ieyasu refused it.
Japanese: 大坂冬の陣の最中である12月17日、朝廷は家康に勅による和睦を斡旋したが、家康はこれを拒否した。
English: Furthermore, after the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu demanded that Emperor Goyozei, who had been pro-Toyotomi, should abdicate the throne.
Japanese: さらに関ヶ原の戦いの後、家康が親豊臣的であった後陽成天皇に譲位を要求した。
English: Then when the emperor tried to transfer the Imperial Throne to his younger brother, Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshihito, Ieyasu objected it saying that the prince had once become an adopted son of Hideyoshi, dethroned Emperor Goyozei in 1611 and transferred the Throne to Imperial Prince Kotohito (Emperor Gomizunoo).
Japanese: そして天皇がこれに応じて弟の八条宮智仁親王に皇位を譲ろうとすると、家康はかつて親王が秀吉の猶子になったことがあるとして反対し、慶長16年（1611年）には後陽成天皇を廃して、皇位を後水尾天皇（後水尾天皇）に譲らせている。
English: Ieyasu made enthronement and dethronement that even Nobunaga had not made, and taking the advantage that he led the enthronement of Emperor Gomizunoo, he tried to make Masako, the fifth daughter of Hidetada, enter the court as an Imperial consort while he was still alive, to control the emperor's family as the maternal grandfather (it is said that the story of making Masako enter the court as the Imperial consort started in 1612.
Japanese: 家康は信長でさえ行なわなかった天皇の廃立を行ない、さらに後水尾天皇を自らの主導で即位させたのをいいことに、家康存命中から秀忠の5女・和子を入内させ、外祖父として天皇家まで操ろうとしたのである（入内の話は慶長17年（1612年）から始まっていたという。
English: It was because Ieyasu and Emperor Goyozei died that so much time was needed before Masako actually entered the court as an Imperial consort (in 1620).
Japanese: 和子の入内が元和6年（1620年）まで長引いたのは、家康と後陽成天皇が死去したためである）。
English: It is said that Ieyasu dealt coldly with Hideyasu YUKI and Tadateru MATSUDAIRA, his sons, and the retainers who contributed significantly in establishing the bakufu.
Japanese: 家康は息子である結城秀康、松平忠輝や創業時の功臣に冷たく当たったなどと言われている。
English: In addition, for Tadakatsu HONDA, Ieyasu made his grand daughters, Kuma-hime and Sen-hime (daughters of Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA) to Tadamasa HONDA, Tadakatsu's son, and Tadatoki HONDA, Tadakatsu's grandson, respectively, and, for Hideyasu, Katsu-hime (Tensu-in), a daughter of Hidetada, to Tadanao MATSUDAIRA, Hideyasu's son.
Japanese: 本多忠勝に対しては、その子・本多忠政と孫・本多忠刻に自分の孫・熊姫と千姫（松平信康の娘）を嫁がせ、秀康の子・松平忠直には、秀忠の娘・勝姫(天崇院)を嫁がせるなどしている。
English: To Tadateru, he gave a territory equivalent to those of Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged braches of the Tokugawa family) (550,000-koku Takada in Echigo Province) before the Tadateru's family was abolished.
Japanese: 忠輝に対しても、改易前には徳川御三家並の所領が与えられていた（越後国・高田55万石）。
English: Although the Okubo family was abolished due to the Okubo Nagayasu incident (political strife with Masanobu HONDA), Tadatomo OKUBO, a grandson of Tadachika OKUBO, regained the status of daimyo.
Japanese: 大久保長安事件（あるいは本多正信との政争）で改易された大久保氏も大久保忠隣の孫・大久保忠職は大名として復権している。
English: After Ieyasu died, his territory was expanded, and Tadatomo OKUBO in the next generation regained the family's former territory of Odawara, with its earning base increased to a 110,000 koku of rice crop as a powerful Fudai daimyo (however, it cannot be denied that there is the view that this was because Tadatomo was a grandson of Ieyasu).
Japanese: 家康の死後は加増が行われ次代・大久保忠朝は旧領小田原への復帰と、11万石という有力譜代大名としての加増を受けている（ただし、忠職が家康の曾孫であるから、という見方もできるのも否めない）。
English: Furthermore, circulating competent persons is essential to activate an organization, and it can be interpreted that the series of actions was genuinely political to establish the bakufu system firmly.
Japanese: 更には、人材の環流は組織の活性化に必須であり、一連の行為はあくまで幕府の体制固めとして行われた政治的行為として解釈することもできる。
English: It is said that Ieyasu always alienated Hideyasu, his second son, and Tadateru, his sixth son, for the reason that dubious situations were involved in their births or their looks were bad.
Japanese: 次男・秀康や六男・忠輝らを、出生の疑惑や容貌が醜いなどの理由で常に遠ざけていたとされている。
English: (It is said that it was only a formal procedure for his sons to have given them territories, and both Hideyori and Tadateru were treated coldly by him for their entire lives).
Japanese: （領地を与えたのは自分の息子であるという形式上の対応に過ぎず、秀康も忠輝も家康に終生疎まれたという）。
English: In addition, the theory has recently been proposed that even the suicide by disembowelment of his son, Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, was not due to Nobunaga's demand but Nobuyasu was purged by Ieyasu himself.
Japanese: また、長男・松平信康の切腹に関しても、信長の要求によるものではなく、家康自らの粛清説も近年唱えられている。
English: Furthermore, he isolated Tadakatsu HONDA and Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, of Tokugawa-shitenno (the four powerful generals serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), from the core of his control after the Battle of Sekigahara, and abolished the family of Tadachika OKUBO, a distinguished military group member almost equivalent to these two persons, through the Okubo Nagayasu incident, and made him lose his power.
Japanese: さらには、徳川四天王である本多忠勝や榊原康政を関ヶ原の戦い後に中枢から隔離し、この2人に匹敵するほどの武功派であった大久保忠隣を大久保長安事件で改易・失脚させている。
English: However, Ieyasu had Nagayasu's half-decayed dead body dug out, decapitated it, and exposed the head on the river bed of the Abe-gawa River to be viewed publicly.
Japanese: しかしながら、家康は長安の半ば腐敗した遺体を掘り起こして斬首し、さらにその首を安倍川の川原で晒し首にしている。
English: From these facts, he is also evaluated as having been ruthless even for his sons or retainers.
Japanese: これらの事から、息子や家臣に対しても冷酷非情な面を見せる人物だったとの評価もある。
English: However, Ieyasu used many retainers of the Imagawa clan, of the Takeda clan, and of the Hojo clan, all of whom had once been his enemies, and employed many of their military strategies and political measures.
Japanese: とはいえ、家康はかつて敵対していた今川氏・武田氏・北条氏の家臣も多く登用し、彼らの戦法や政策も数多く取り入れている。
English: In "Koro-shodan" (literally, talks by old men), it is described that Ieyasu told Yasushige HONDA as in the following: 'As I used persons well, pretending not to know them, they worked as my trusted men and accomplished achievements valiantly.'
Japanese: 『故老諸談』には家康が本多康重に語った言葉として「われ、素知らぬ体をし、能く使ひしかば、みな股肱となり、勇功を顕したり」と記されている。
English: Ieyasu candidly respected Kenshin TAKEDA who made him experience a humiliating rout, and actively learned Shingen's military strategies and philosophy from retainers of the Takeda clan.
Japanese: 家康は、自分に屈辱的な大敗を経験させた武田信玄を素直に尊敬し、武田氏の遺臣から信玄の戦術や思想を積極的に学んだ。
English: In addition, he also respected MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and was fond of reading 'Azumakagami' where Yoritomo's words and deed were recorded.
Japanese: また源頼朝も尊敬し、頼朝の言動が記録された「吾妻鏡」を愛読していた。
English: On the other hand, he did not employ complete meritocracy as Nobunaga did, where social statuses and social orders were ignored, nor did he increase his retainers as Hideyoshi did, based on his own charisma, or by using money or a territory as a lure.
Japanese: その反面、信長のように身分や序列を無視した徹底的な能力主義をとることはなく、秀吉のように自らのカリスマ性や金、領地を餌に釣って家臣を増やす事もなかった。
English: However, as described later, it seems that he had a complicated feeling for Nobunaga, and Nobunaga's influence can be known from the fact that the two persons of Hideyoshi and Ieyasu, who became Tenkabito (the ruler of the nation), were once under Nobunaga.
Japanese: とはいえ、後述のように信長に対しては複雑な感情を持っていたようであり、また秀吉・家康の天下人となった二人とも信長の元にいたことからその影響力が窺い知れる。
English: For this reason he was late in unifying the nation, but he placed only his confident subordinates around him, and could become Tenkabito, helped by defects of the Toyotomi government as well.
Japanese: そのためか、彼らに天下を統一され遅れをとったが、代わりに自身は信頼できる部下だけで周囲を固め、豊臣政権の不備もあって天下人となった。
English: However, because of these subordinates, retainers of the daimyo such as the Imagawa family, the Takeda family, and the Hojo family, which he himself had not ruined directly, were included, and it can also be said that he reaped the benefits (or that Nobunaga and Hideyoshi were made responsible for all dirty activities done in unifying the nation).
Japanese: とはいえ、その部下の中には今川氏・武田氏・北条氏等の自身が直接（主導）的には滅ぼしてはいない大名の家臣も含まれているため一種の漁夫の利（統一の際の汚れ役を信長・秀吉が被ってくれた）ともいえる。
English: He can be said having been a good enough ruler in that he learned from great predecessors, because he made wise selections from what he learned and acted himself corresponding to the situation at the time and to his situation.
Japanese: 偉大な先人から学びとり、それを取捨選択しその時流や自分の状況にあう行動をとったことは十分に名君と呼ぶに値するともいえる。
English: This nickname was used in kabuki plays in the Edo period as the name of a villain to indicate Ieyasu indirectly.
Japanese: 江戸時代の歌舞伎作品において、家康を暗喩する悪玉の名前として用いられたものである。
English: Although having been used for indicating that Ieyasu was good at plotting, this nickname also gives the impression that he was a mean person as well, causing a factor to have degraded recent evaluations of Ieyasu considerably.
Japanese: これは、家康が謀略に長けていたことを表すものであるが、同時に卑劣な人物であったという印象も与えるものであり、近年の家康に対する評価を大変低くさせている一因となっている。
English: It is said that Ieyasu was a calm and composed resourceful general, but he had impatient and nervous characters as well: For example, it is said that when the eastern military group forces were placed in an advantageous situation in the initial phase of the Battle of Sekigahara, he cut the sashimono (flagpole) of the pageboy named Chozaburo MONNA.
Japanese: 家康は常に冷静沈着な知将だったとされているが、短気で神経質な一面も持ち、関ヶ原の序盤戦で東軍が不利だったとき、門奈長三郎という小姓の指物の竿を一刀のもとに切り捨てたという。
English: It is also said that when irritated or placed in a disadvantageous situation, he always bit the nail of his thumb, and sometimes bit it so strongly that the skin was broken and it bled.
Japanese: さらに家康は苛立ったり、自分が不利になったりすると、親指の爪を常に噛み、時には皮膚を破って血を流すこともあったという。
English: Although he was evaluated as a cool-headed realist, there were also the cases, as described in the following, in which he was swayed by emotion: When a child of Yoshinobu NATSUME, who had been killed in place of Ieyasu in the Battle of Mikatagahara, violated a rule, Ieyasu pardoned him by a special procedure beyond the law, and Ieyasu also spared Masayuki SANADA's life responding to Tadakatsu HONDA's desperate appeal.
Japanese: 情を排する冷徹な現実主義者との評価がある一方、三方ヶ原の戦いで家康の身代わりとなって討死した夏目吉信の子が規律違反を犯しても超法規的に赦し、本多忠勝の決死の嘆願で真田昌幸を助命するなど、感情に流されるケースもある。
English: There was a popular view that Samurai in Mikawa were killed without showing their backs to the enemies in the Battle of Mikatagahara, and furthermore, it is also recorded (in "Hagakure-oboegaki" (a memorandum on Bushido)) that the blind faithfulness of samurai in Mikawa, including Yoshinobu and Mototada TORII, was called by the enemies "dog-like faithfulness."
Japanese: 三方ヶ原の戦いで三河武士が背を向けず死んで行ったという俗説をはじめ、吉信、鳥居元忠らの盲目的ともいえる三河武士たちの忠節ぶりは敵から『犬のように忠実』と言われた（『葉隠覚書』）。
English: Therefore, it seems that Ieyasu was very popular and was strongly trusted by samurai at least in the Mikawa area, his home base.
Japanese: これらのから、少なくとも地元である三河武士が持つ家康への人望は非常に厚かったようである。
English: However, this can be said for the entire Matsudaira family, and it must also be taken into account that an uprising was caused for him.
Japanese: しかしながら、これは松平家全体にもいえることでありまた一揆を起こされたことも考慮する必要がある。
English: Needless to say, he valued competent persons highly, and employed many former retainers of the Imagawa clan, of the Takeda clan, and of the Hojo clan in addition to those of Fudai retainers in the Ansho and Okazaki areas.
Japanese: 無論、有能な人材も重視し、安祥・岡崎譜代だけでなく今川氏・武田氏・北条氏の旧臣を多く召抱えた。
English: In his Ogosho era, he employed, based on competence, priests, merchants and scholars in addition to samurai, and furthermore, William Adams, an Englishman (it was only Ieyasu who gave a foreigner a territory as a samurai), to establish the base of the Edo bakufu.
Japanese: 大御所時代には武士のみならず僧・商人・学者、更には英国人・ウィリアム・アダムス（武士として知行を与えたのは家康のみ）と実力も考慮して登用し、江戸幕府の基礎を作り上げていった。
English: In Hongan-ji Temple of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), which was the largest armed religious power in the Sengoku period, Kyonyo, the eldest son of Kennyo, the eleventh chief priest of the temple, and Junnyo, the third son of him confronted after Kennyo died.
Japanese: 戦国時代最大の武装宗教勢力であった浄土真宗本願寺は第十一世門主・顕如の死後、顕如の長男・教如と三男・准如が対立した。
English: Then Kyonyo became independent of the temple and established Higashi (eastern)-Hongan-ji Temple (the Otani group of the Shinshu sect), and for this, Junnyo established Nishi (western)-Hongan-ji Temple (the Hongan-ji group of the Jodo Shinshu sect), separating Hongan-ji Temple into Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple and Nishi-Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 教如が独立する形で東本願寺（真宗大谷派）を設立、後にこれに対して准如が西本願寺（浄土真宗本願寺派）を設立し、東西本願寺に分裂した。
English: According to an established theory, it is said that Ieyasu, who had suffered from an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa in his youth, enticed Kyonyo to separate Hongan-ji Temple to make the power of Hongan-ji Temple diminish.
Japanese: 定説として、若き日に三河一向一揆に苦しめられた事のある家康が、本願寺の勢力を弱体化させるために、教如をそそのかして本願寺を分裂させたとされてきた。
English: However, recently, the Otani group of the Shinshu sect has officially expressed, as a result of historical study, the viewpoint that Kyonyo did not establish Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple by being enticed by Ieyasu but had originally the intention of independence.
Japanese: しかしながら、近年になって真宗大谷派が「教如は家康にそそのかされて東本願寺を設立したのではなく、元々独立志向があった」とする見解を史学研究の結果として正式に表明している。
English: Therefore, it is impossible to assert the popular theory that Ieyasu plotted the separation of Hongan-ji Temple into Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple and Nishi-Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: そのため、本願寺の東西分裂が通説のような家康の策謀によるものであったか否かは断定できない。
English: However, it leaves no doubt that at least, Ieyasu supported Kyonyo and contributed the land space for building Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple in this incident of separating the temple (even the Otani group of the Shinshu sect admits that Ieyasu was involved in establishing Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple by Kyonyo).
Japanese: しかし、少なくともこの分裂劇に際し、教如を支持して東本願寺の土地を寄進したのが家康であることは確かである（真宗大谷派も教如の東本願寺の設立に家康の関与があったことは認めている）。
English: Then after the separation of Hongan-ji Temple, Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple and Nishii-Hongan-ji Temple came to confront each other, and resultantly, the sect gradually lost the strong armed religious power that had been threatened daimyo in the Sengoku period.
Japanese: そしてこの本願寺の東西分裂によって東西本願寺はお互いに対立関係に陥り、結果戦国時代に諸大名を脅かしたような強大な武装宗教勢力としての形を変えていった。
English: Once, Nobunaga fought with the forces of Hongan-ji Temple and then made peace with them, but succeeded in undermining the power of Hongan-ji Temple, for example, by making it lose the authority of the temple that had exerted an overwhelming influence for long years.
Japanese: かつて、信長は本願寺と交戦しその後和睦したが、実質的には長年猛威を振るってきた本願寺の権威を失墜させるなどの弱体化に成功した。
English: However, although to what extent Ieyasu was involved in the affairs of the temple is unknown, he resultantly made Hongan-ji Temple separated internally, weakening the power of the temple by inducing self-destruction.
Japanese: しかしながら、家康の場合はその関与の度合いは不明とは言え、結果的に本願寺を内部分裂させ、彼らの自滅を誘う形でその勢力を更に弱めていった。
English: However, when the uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa occurred, the enemy Ikko sect side included Ieyasu's former retainers, such as Masanobu HONDA and Yoshinobu NATSUME.
Japanese: ただし、三河一向一揆が起こった際、敵方の一向宗側には本多正信や夏目吉信など、家康の家来だった者もいた。