nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to an account of officers and men of the second battalion in "Seinan Kiden Book," Murata was described as 'Shinpachi had a rugged look, with height 1.8 meters and penetrating eyes which could cut into people, and he was very calm in his behavior.
Japanese: 『西南記伝』二番大隊将士伝に村田新八を「新八、人と為り、状貌魁偉、身長六尺、眼光炯々（けいけい）人を射る、而も挙止深沈にして大度あり。
English: Takamori SAIGO, long time ago, said to Goro SHINOZAKI, "Shinpachi MURATA is a samurai who has santoku (three primary virtues: valor, wisdom, and benevolence).
Japanese: 西郷隆盛曾て篠崎五郎に謂て曰く『村田新八は、智仁勇の三徳を兼備したる士なり。
English: During the Seinan War, whenever the war council was held and the warlords got together, Takamori first asked, "Isn't Shinpachi present?" So, Murata was respected under the care of Saigo.'
Japanese: 十年の役、軍議ある毎に、諸将会するや、隆盛先づ問て曰く『新八在らざる乎』と、西郷の為に推重せらるゝや、此の如し」と評している。
English: It is said that whenever he was home, he carried an accordion with him, and hardly ever put it down.
Japanese: 家にいるときはいつも風琴（アコーデオン）を携え、容易に手を離さなかったという。
English: Hoshu KATSURAGAWA (1751- August 2, 1809) was a doctor and Rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language).
Japanese: 桂川甫周（かつらがわほしゅう）宝暦元年（1751年）-文化(元号)6年6月21日(旧暦)（1809年8月2日）は、医師及び蘭学者。
English: His father, Hosan KATSURAGAWA, was the third of the Katsuragawa family and friends with Ryotaku MAENO and Genpaku SUGITA whom presented their book Kaitai Shinsho (New Book of Anatomy) to Shogun by his recommendation.
Japanese: 父桂川家3代目桂川甫三は、前野良沢、杉田玄白と友人で、解体新書は、彼の推挙により将軍に内献した。
English: There were two men who took the name of Hoshu in the Katsuragawa family and they were the fourth and the seventh generation of Hochiku KATSURAGAWA, who was the founder of the Katsuragawa family.
Japanese: 桂川家において甫周を名乗るものは2名居り、それぞれ桂川家の祖である桂川甫筑から数えて、4代目と7代目に当たる。
English: And there is a record that Hochiku (Kunitomi) the fifth announced his name as Hoshu during a certain period.
Japanese: また5代目にあたる桂川甫筑国宝(ほちく・くにとみ)も一時期甫周を名乗った記録がある。
English: The Katsuragawa family was a Shogunate Oku-ishi (inner physicians, doctors who treated the Tokugawa family) for generations since the sixth Shogun, Ienobu TOKUGAWA and they served as a Hogen (the second highest rank for Buddhist priests) which was the highest rank for surgeons, and therefore they were allowed to read books for Western studies freely.
Japanese: 桂川家は、第6代将軍徳川家宣から代々将軍家に仕える幕府奥医師であり、特に外科の最高の地位である法眼を務め、その為蘭学書を自由に読む事が許されていた。
English: After their death, both of them were buried in the grave of Katsuragawa family in Jogyo-ji Temple in Mita, Meguro Ward, Tokyo, but now the grave exists in Kamikasuya, Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture due to the relocation of the temple.
Japanese: 死後、両名とも東京都目黒区三田の上行寺の桂川家一門の墓に葬られたが同寺の移転に伴い、現在は神奈川県伊勢原市上粕屋に墓が存在する。
English: Since the grave had received a designation of historical site when it was in Tokyo, the signboard of the historical site designated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government is in the temple in Kanagawa Prefecture.
Japanese: また、東京都にあるときに史跡指定を受けている為、都指定史跡の看板が神奈川県の同寺内に掲げられている状態である。
English: Some materials were donated to Waseda University by the hand of the descendant of Mine IMAIZUMI who was the second daughter of Hoshu (Kunioki) KATSURAGAWA the seventh and an open exhibition was held at the university.
Japanese: いくつかの資料は、7代目桂川甫周(国興)の次女である今泉みねの子孫の手により早稲田大学に寄贈されており、同大学で公開展も行われた事がある。
English: Moreover the residence of the Katsuragawa family was in 1-10, Tsukiji, Chuo Ward, Tokyo and now the monument is in the place.
Japanese: また、桂川家の館は東京都中央区(東京都)築地1丁目10番地にあたり、現在同地に碑が立っている。
English: He learned surgical techniques with the guidance of Thunberg and his name was known abroad through "Nihon Kiko" (Thunberg's Travels in Japan) by Thunberg.
Japanese: ツンベルクについて外科術を学び、その名はツンベルクの著した『日本紀行』により、海外にも知られていた。
English: He was also an excellent educator and appointed as an instructor of the medical school which Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun) established, and he wrote "Kenbikyo Yoho" (microscope usage) in 1802.
Japanese: 教育者としても優れ、幕府が設立した医学舘の教官として任じられた他、享和2年『顕微鏡用法』を著した。
English: He was known as the first Japanese who used a microscope for medical purposes and gave lessons to Ienari TOKUGAWA and others how to use microscope and put effort into promoting it.
Japanese: 顕微鏡を医学利用した初めての日本人として知られるとともに、その使用法の教授を徳川家斉等に行い、普及に努めた。
English: One of his achievements included ordering the making of the Japan's first wooden dummy head based on a waxy dummy head presented from the curator of Dutch trading house.
Japanese: また、オランダ商館長から贈られた、蝋製の人頭模型を基に、日本初の木造人頭模型の作成を指示したなどの功績が有る。
English: Ienari asked them 'Does Russia know about Japan?' and Kodayu answered 'They know about Japan very well....I've heard some Japanese names such as Hoshu KATSURAGAWA and Junan NAKAGAWA. They said that their names appear in the book about Japan.'
Japanese: 「かの国(ロシア)では日本のことを知っているか」との質問に光太夫は「いろいろな事をよく知っています。
English: '...I've heard some Japanese names such as Hoshu KATSURAGAWA and Junan NAKAGAWA.'
Japanese: ......日本人としては、桂川甫周様、中川淳庵様という方の名前を聞きました。
English: He interrogated Kodaiyu and compiled "Hokusa Bunryaku" (A Brief Report on the Northern District [currently published by Iwanami bunko]) in 1794, and presented it to the Shogun.
Japanese: のちに光太夫を訪ね詳しい話を聞き取り、『北槎聞略』(寛政6年・1794年、現在は岩波文庫)を編み将軍に献上した。
English: He also did a translation of foreign geography, such as "Shinsei Chikyu Bankoku Zusetsu" (New World Map) in 1786, "Chikyu Zenzu" (World Map) in 1791, and "Roshia-shi" (Russian History) in 1793.
Japanese: 他に、『新製地毬萬國圖説』(1786年)、『地球全図』(1791年)、『魯西亜志』(1793年)など、外国地理に関する訳書がある。
English: WAKE no Kiyomaro (733 - April 4, 799) was a high-ranking official, who lived during the early Heian Period.
Japanese: 和気清麻呂（わけのきよまろ、733年（天平5年）-799年4月4日（延暦18年2月21日(旧暦)））は奈良時代末期から平安時代初期の高級官僚。
English: Shisei (clan and hereditary title) was originally Iwanashiwake no kimi, but later he changed his name to Fujino no mahito, Wake no sukune, and Wake no ason.
Japanese: 氏姓は当初、磐梨別公（いわなしわけのきみ）、のち藤野真人、和気宿禰、和気朝臣に改めた。
English: Around August 769, Kantsukasa (ritual official of Dazaifu [governmental office with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki, and Tsushima] under the Ritsuryo System), SUGE no Asomaro, who was also holding the position of Shinto priest at Usa-jingu Shrine, informed Empress Shotoku that he received an oracle that if the Empress would give the authority to Buddhist monk Dokyo's succession to the Imperial Throne, the universal peace would be secured.
Japanese: 7月頃、宇佐神宮の神官を兼ねていた大宰府の主神（かんつかさ）、習宜阿曾麻呂（すげのあそまろ）が宇佐八幡神の神託として、道鏡を皇位に就かせれば天下太平になる、と称徳天皇へ奏上する。
English: Dokyo, who believed in this oracle or it can be thought that Dokyo himself instigated SUGE no Asomaro to deliver this oracle, hoped to ascend to the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: 道鏡はこれを信じて、あるいは道鏡が習宜阿曾麻呂をそそのかせて託宣させたとも考えられているが、道鏡は自ら皇位に就くことを望む。
English: At first, Empress Shotoku tried to assign a mission to confirm the oracle to her direct advisor, Buddhist nun WAKE no Hiromushi, however, since 'Hokin' (Hiromushi's Buddhist name) was too poor in health to have a long journey, the Empress invited her younger brother WAKE no Kiyomaro and ordered him to confirm it.
Japanese: 称徳天皇は側近の尼僧和気広虫を召そうとしたが、虚弱な法均では長旅は堪えられぬため、弟の和気清麻呂を召し、姉に代わって宇佐八幡の神託を確認するよう、命じる。
English: When he tried to read the Empress's edict after dedicating treasures to the altar, the god delivered an oracle through Negi (Shinto mediumistic priestess) Karashima no suguri Yosome and refused to hear the imperial edict.
Japanese: 宝物を奉り宣命の文を読もうとした時、神が禰宣の辛嶋勝与曽女（からしまのすぐりよそめ）に託宣、宣命を訊くことを拒む。
English: As Kiyomaro suspected the truth of the matter, he asked Yosome to inquire the oracle once again, and when Yosome asked the god again for his appearance, a great god revealed himself transforming into a some 9-meter-high gigantesque monk.
Japanese: 清麻呂は不審を抱き、改めて与曽女に宣命を訊くことを願い出て、与曽女が再び神に顕現を願うと、身の丈三丈、およそ9ｍの僧形の大神が出現した。
English: The great god refused again to listen to the imperial edict, but Kiyomaro together with Yosome, received the great god's oracle that said, 'the reign of the Sun should be taken over by the Imperial family line, and illegitimate persons should be thoroughly swept away' ("Hachimanusa gotakusenshu").
Japanese: 大神は再度宣命を訊くことを拒むが、清麻呂は与曽女とともに大神の神託、「天の日継は必ず帝の氏を継がしめむ。無道の人は宜しく早く掃い除くべし」（『八幡宇佐御託宣集』）
English: They took the oracle back to the Imperial Court and informed Empress Shotoku of it (a plot of Usa Hachiman-gu oracle).
Japanese: 彼らはこの神託を朝廷に持ち帰り、称徳天皇へ報告した（宇佐八幡宮神託事件）。
English: It is said that Dokyo once cured Retired Empress Koken by using a mystical rites of Sukuyo (an esoteric Buddhism astrology based on the Sutra of constellations and planets, and an astrological doctrine of which was introduced from India), and since then, the Empress and Dokyo had maintained a close relationship.
Japanese: 道鏡は孝謙上皇の病を宿曜秘法を用いて治療し、それ以来、孝謙上皇と道鏡は密接な関係があったとされる。
English: When Retired Empress Koken abolished Emperor Junnin and she herself took over the Imperial throne as a second enthronement self-proclaiming as Empress Shotoku after suppressing the Rebellion of Emi no Oshikatsu, Dokyo's influence over the Empress became extremely strong and Dokyo ascended through the ranks to Dajodaijin (Grand Minister) Zenji (master of Zen Buddhism), and in the next year, to Hoo (the Emperor of the Buddhist Law).
Japanese: 孝謙上皇は恵美押勝の乱鎮圧の後、淳仁天皇を廃して自ら称徳天皇として重祚すると、天皇の道鏡の権勢は非常に強まり、太政大臣禅師、翌には法王となった。
English: When the Empress heard Kiyomaro's report, she got angry, and firstly she demoted Kiyomaro to Inaba no ingainoge, and afterwards, she obliged him to change his name to (WAKABE no Kitanamaro)and condemned him an exile to Osumi Province (present Kagoshima Prefecture).
Japanese: 清麻呂の報告を聞いた天皇は怒り、清麻呂を因幡員外介にいったん左遷の上、さらに別部穢麻呂（わけべのきたなまろ）と改名させて大隅国（現在の鹿児島県）に配流とした。
English: After Empress Shotoku's death and Dokyo's downfall, Kiyomaro was given an important position as a governmental official responsible for practical works in the Emperor Kanmu's reign.
Japanese: 称徳天皇が崩御し道鏡失脚後、清麻呂は桓武天皇朝で実務官僚として重用されて高官となる。
English: In 785, he carried out a work to directly connect Kanzaki-gawa River with the Yodogawa-River to ensure the commodity distribution route to Heiankyo
Japanese: には、神崎川と淀川を直結させる工事を行い平安京方面への物流路を確保した。
English: After that he also carried out the work to level the Uemachi Plateau and construct a channel in order to make Yamato-gawa River flow directly into the Osaka Bay, but his attempt failed (it is said that Kawazoko-ike Pond situated in the premise of Chausuyama Tumulus (Osaka), in Tennoji Ward, Osaka City is a remain of this failed project and there is a bridge called 'Wake-bashi Bridge.')
Japanese: その後、に上町台地を開削して大和川を直接大阪湾に注ぐ工事を行ったが失敗している（大阪市天王寺区の茶臼山古墳(大阪市)にある河底池はその名残りとされ、「和気橋」という名称の橋がある）。
English: Following the order of Emperor Kanmu, he also compiled the genealogy of the Wa clan, the family line of the Emperor's mother, TAKANO no Niigasa, and offered it to the Emperor as the genealogy of the Wa clan.
Japanese: 桓武天皇の勅命により天皇の母・高野新笠の出身氏族和氏の系譜を編纂し、和氏譜として撰上した。
English: His old sister, WAKE no Hiromushi (Buddhist nun Hokin) was also well known for the activities of relieving orphaned children, which she carried out with her husband, Katsuragi no henushi.
Japanese: また、姉の和気広虫（法均尼）は夫・葛城戸主（かつらぎのへぬし）とともに、孤児救済事業で知られる。
English: On April 16, 1851, Emperor Komei praised WAKE no Kiyomaro's achievement and granted him Shoichii (Senior First Rank) and the title of god 'Goo Daimyojin.'
Japanese: 3月15日、孝明天皇は和気清麻呂の功績を讃えて正一位と「護王大明神」の神号を贈った。
English: The mausoleum in the precincts of Jingo-ji Temple where WAKE no Kiyomaro was enshrined underwent the denomination change and came to be called Goo-jinja Shrine, designated as one of the Bekkaku-Kanpeisha (special government shrines), and was transferred from the precincts of Jingo-ji Temple to in front of Hamaguri-gomon gate of Kyoto Imperial Palace by the order of Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 神護寺の境内にあった和気清麻呂を祀った廟は護王神社と改称され別格官幣社に列し、、明治天皇の勅命により、神護寺境内から京都御所蛤御門前に遷座した。
English: In his hometown, Waki-cho, Okayama Prefecture, the Waki clan's tutelary god, Wake-jinja Shrine is located, and WAKE no Kiyomaro and WAKE no Hiromushi are enshrined there.
Japanese: また、出身地の岡山県和気町には、和気氏一族の氏神和気神社が鎮座し、和気清麻呂・和気広虫が祀られている。
English: According to one legend (in Kokurakita ward, Kitakyushu City), when he was exiled to Usa, he was saved by a boar from a difficult situation, and based on this legend, in those shrines such as Goo-jinja Shrine and Wake-jinja Shrine, a pair of 'shrine boars' (guardian boars) are placed instead of a pair of shrine dogs (a pair of stone-caved guardian dogs situated at the gate of a shrine).
Japanese: なお、宇佐へ配流の際にイノシシによって難事を救われたとの伝説（北九州市小倉北区など）から、護王神社・和気神社などでは狛犬の代わりに「狛猪」が置かれている。
English: Before the World War II, Kiyomaro was considered as one of the Emperor's faithful servants comparable to Masashige KUSUNOKI, and his image was printed on a bill ('ro' ten yen bill).
Japanese: 第二次大戦前は、清麻呂は楠木正成などとならぶ勤皇の忠臣と見なされ、紙幣（ろ拾圓券）に肖像（想像）が印刷された。
English: Even now, he is considered as a loyal subject and his bronze statues are placed in various places such as in the vicinity of the Japan Meteorological Agency in Ote-machi, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo and in the premise of Wake-jinja Shrine in Wake-cho, Okayama Prefecture.
Japanese: 現在でも忠臣とされ、東京都千代田区大手町の気象庁付近や、岡山県和気町の和気神社境内など、各地に銅像がある。
English: Hikojiro UCHIYAMA (1797 - June 23, 1864) was a yoriki (a police sergeant) of Osaka Nishimachi magistrate in the end of the Edo period.
Japanese: 内山彦次郎（うちやまひこじろう、寛政9年（1797年）‐元治元年5月20日(旧暦)（1864年6月23日））は、幕末の大阪西町奉行所与力である。
English: Although he was capable and achieved great results as a economic official, he was not evaluated fairly because he was said to be assassinated by Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of the Tokugawa shogunate).
Japanese: 能吏であり経済官僚としての実績が大きいが、新撰組に暗殺されたと伝わる最期の為に評価のポイントがずれている。
English: Uchiyama as yoriki was involved in price control as with other economic officials and there are reports that he submitted to machi-bugyo (town magistrate).
Japanese: 与力としての内山は、他の経済官僚と同じく物価統制に携わっており町奉行へ提出した報告書なども残されている。
English: Before he was in office, merchants in Edo had bought up rice in Osaka for speculation purposes with the consent of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and unreasonably raised rice price.
Japanese: 彼の在職以前から大坂において江戸の商人が投機目的で幕府の認可を得た買占め行為を行い米価を不当につり上げていた。
English: It was a matter of course to focus on price control in Edo in terms of national influence and Uchiyama as government official also advocated it.
Japanese: 全国的な影響力から江戸の物価統制を中心に考えるのは当然であり官僚としての内山もこれを支持している。
English: However, local distributors were oppressed and as a result rice price throughout the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) including Osaka jumped extraordinarily.
Japanese: しかし、在地の流通たちが痛めつけられた結果、大坂を含め畿内一円での米価の価格は異常なまでに跳ね上がった。
English: Yoriki who should monitor fair trade turned a blind eye to market intervention by enormous transfers of funding for certain privileged classes.
Japanese: 一部の特権階級のため莫大な資金を投入しての市場介入に公正な取引を監視する筈の与力たちが見て見ぬふりをする。
English: The War of Heihachiro OSHIO in 1837 was a rebellion by Oshio who hated the attitude of such government officials.
Japanese: 天保8年（1837年）、大塩平八郎の乱は、このような役人の態度を憎んだ大塩の暴発でもあった。
English: It is told that, at that time, Uchiyama was one of the persons who found Heihachiro OSHIO and his son hiding in the house of Gorobe MIYOSHIYA and surrounded them.
Japanese: この際に内山は美吉屋五郎兵衛方に潜伏していた大塩平八郎父子を発見、包囲した1人であると伝えられる。
English: Both of Uchiyama and Oshio who were local yoriki lived close to each other and they knew each other.
Japanese: 互いに地付きの与力である内山は大塩と近所であり知らない仲ではなかった。
English: According to the book "Heihachiro OSHIO" written by Ogai MORI, Uchiyama who was a trainee of yoriki at that time was hated by Oshio.
Japanese: 森鴎外が書き残した書『大塩平八郎』によれば、当時与力見習であった内山は大塩に憎まれていたとされている。
English: It is unknown whether there was actually a feud between Oshio and Uchiyama, but it is said that there is a letter to Uchiyama which was sent by Oshio in 1831 in Josen-ji Temple in Moriguchi City, Osaka Prefecture.
Japanese: 大塩と内山との間に実際に確執があったのかどうかは不明だが、文政13年（1831年）に大塩が内山に宛てた書簡が大阪府守口市盛泉寺に残されているとのこと。
English: On June 23, 1864, Hikojiro UCHIYAMA was assassinated by an unknown assailant.
Japanese: 元治元年5月20日（1864年6月23日）、内山彦次郎は何者かによって暗殺された。
English: Uchiyama was beheaded and his head was exposed to public view with zankanjo (document in which the charges in his lifetime [=reason to kill him] was written) (According to one theory, zankanjo was just placed on his dead body).
Japanese: 内山は首を落とされ、斬奸状（生前の罪状＝殺す理由を記した文書）とともに晒された（一説に遺体の上に斬奸状を置かれただけ、とも）。
English: It is generally said that the criminals were four people: Soji OKITA, Shinpachi NAGAKURA, Sanosuke HARADA and Genzaburo INOUE of Shinsengumi and another theory suggests that the criminals were Isami KONDO and Toshizo HIJIKATA in addition to these four people.
Japanese: 一般に犯人は新選組の沖田総司・永倉新八・原田左之助・井上源三郎の4人とも、これに近藤勇や土方歳三が加わっていたともされる。
English: It is said that the motive that Shinsengumi assassinated Uchiyama was as follows: Uchiyama was suspected of having cooperated with Onogawa-beya (a sumo stable) in the 'Osaka sumo wrestling incident' that a scuffle occurred between Shinsengumi and sumo wrestlers of Onogawa-beya when Shinsengumi went to Osaka for a business trip in the year before; or the investigation of the incident was aggressive and it caused a feud between Uchiyama and Kondo and then Kondo had a grudge against Uchiyama; or Uchiyama was suspected of having driven up rice price and oil price in conspiracy with supporters of tobakuha (anti-bakufu, crushing-the-bakufu faction) and inflicted a well-deserved punishment on him.
Japanese: 新選組が内山を暗殺した動機は、前年、新選組が大阪出張をした際に小野川部屋力士らと乱闘騒ぎを起こした「大阪角力事件」で内山が小野川部屋に協力した疑いがあったことやその吟味が高圧的で近藤との間に確執が起きたための遺恨であるとか、内山が倒幕派志士と結託して米価や油の値を吊り上げていると疑った上での天誅であると言われている。
English: As a basis for this theory, the "Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki" that Shinpachi NAGAKURA, a former leading member of Shinsengumi, dictated in his later years and the "Shinsengumi Shimatsuki" written by Kanefumi NISHIMURA, a terazamurai (samurai who performed administrative functions at temples) of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple in Kyoto where Shinsengumi used as their post can be given.
Japanese: この説の根拠としては、元新選組幹部・永倉新八が晩年に口述した『新選組顛末記』や、新選組が屯所として利用した京都西本願寺の寺侍・西村兼文が残した『新撰組始末記』などが挙げられる。
English: Regarding the documents cited as evidence, the "Roshi (masterless samurai) Bunkyu Era Patriotism Articles" (a diary written before the "Tenmatsuki") by Shinpachi NAGAKURA which was discovered later does not describe 'the Uchiyama assassination' and the "Tenmatsuki" seems to have been dramatized by Nagakura himself and an editor of 'Otaru Shimbun' in which the "Tenmatsuki" was serialized, while Kanefumi NISHIMURA who wrote the "Shimatsuki" bore ill will toward Shinsengumi and therefore both documents lack credibility.
Japanese: 根拠とされる書物も、後に発見された永倉新八『浪士文久報国記事』（『顛末記』以前に書かれた日記）では「内山暗殺事件」について触れておらず、また『顛末記』には永倉自身ないしはそれが連載されていた「小樽新聞」編集者によると見られる脚色のあとがあり、一方『始末記』の西村兼文は新選組に悪意を持っていたため、共に信憑性を欠くというわけである。
English: In fact, a storm of so-called Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and tobaku (overthrowing the Shogunate) has been sweeping in Kyoto and Osaka of that time and incidents in which bakuri (shogunate official) such as officials in a magistrate's office were assassinated by supporters of tobakuha occurred frequently and therefore a theory that Uchiyama was assassinated by such supporters cannot be ruled out.
Japanese: 事実、当時の京都・大阪ではいわゆる「尊王攘夷・倒幕」の嵐が吹き荒れており、倒幕派志士による奉行所役人など幕吏の暗殺事件も多発していたことから、そうした志士による犯行説も捨て切れない。
English: Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE (January 1, 1834 - January 4, 1912), was a court noble in the end of Edo Period and a politician in the Meiji Period.
Japanese: 東久世通禧（ひがしくぜみちとみ、1834年1月1日（天保4年11月22日(旧暦)）-1912年（明治45年）1月4日）は、江戸時代末期の公家、明治時代の政治家。
English: In January 1, 1834, he was born in Kyoto as the child of Michinaru HIGASHIKUZE.
Japanese: 1834年1月1日、東久世通徳（ひがしくぜみちなる）の子として京都に生まれる。
English: However, when the power of the Imperial Court was transferred from the supporters of Sonno Joi to the supporters of Kobu Gattai (integration of the imperial court and the shogunate), owing to the Coup of August 18 that took place in 1863, he escaped to the Choshu Domain by ship protected by the army of Choshu Domain together with Sanetomi SANJO, Suetomo SANJO, Nobuyoshi SAWA, Motoosa MIBU, Takauta SHIJO, and Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI.
Japanese: しかし文久3年（1863年）、八月十八日の政変によって、朝廷の実権が尊皇攘夷派から公武合体派に移ると、長州藩兵に守られ、三条実美、三条西季知、澤宣嘉、壬生基修、四条隆謌、錦小路頼徳とともに船で長州へ逃れた。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, he achieved a resurgence, and consecutively held important positions such as the ministerial governor of foreign affairs, governor of Kanagawa Prefecture, chief of Hokkaido Development Commissioner, and the Grand Chamberlain.
Japanese: 明治維新後、復権を果たし、外国事務総督、神奈川府知事、開拓使長官、侍従長などを歴任する。
English: In 1871, he accompanied the Iwakura Mission lead by the plenipotentiary delegate Tomomi IWAKURA, and enriched his experience.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）岩倉具視を全権とする岩倉使節団に随行し、見聞を広める。
English: The Higashikuze family was originally endowed with the rank equivalent to viscount, however, the family was raised to count for the distinguished service that Michitomi rendered.
Japanese: 東久世家は本来は子爵相当であったが、通禧の功が考慮され伯爵となった。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoritaka was a busho (Japanese military commander) of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in the end of the Heian and the early Kamakura periods.
Japanese: 源頼隆（みなもとのよりたか）は、平安時代末期、鎌倉時代初期の河内源氏の武将。
English: In the Heiji War, Yoritaka's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka, lost his life in order to save Yoshitomo at Ryugegoe.
Japanese: 平治の乱で父・源義隆は竜華越で源義朝の身代わりとなって討ち死にした。
English: After the defeat of the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan carried out a thorough hunt for relatives of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 源氏が敗北すると、平氏方による源氏の縁者に対する厳しい探索が行われた。
English: Although he was only about 50 days old, Yoritaka was also arrested and the following year sent to Tsunetane CHIBA, a local ruling family of Shimosa Province.
Japanese: 生後50日余りの頼隆も捕らわれて、翌年下総国の豪族・千葉常胤の下に配流される。
English: Tsunetane, having been sympathetic to the Minamoto clan, protected and raised Yoritaka carefully.
Japanese: かねて源氏に同情の念をもっていた常胤は頼隆を庇護し大切に育てられた。
English: Although MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was a bereaved child of Yoshitomo banished to Sado, raised his army against the Taira clan, he was defeated by Kagechika OBA and other commanders on the Taira side in the Battle of Ishibashiyama in August, 1180, and forced to run to the Boso peninsula, hiding himself in the residence of Tsunetane CHIBA, who declared to support Yoritomo.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）8月(旧暦)、伊豆国に流されていた義朝の遺児・源頼朝が打倒平氏の兵を上げ、石橋山の戦いにおいて平氏方の大庭景親らに敗れて房総に逃れると、頼朝への加勢を表明した千葉常胤の館に入る。
English: On October 14, Tsunetane called on Yoritomo with Yoritaka to pay his respects and recommended Yoritomo to accept Yoritaka as a retainer.
Japanese: 9月17日(旧暦)、常胤は頼隆を伴って頼朝の前に伺候し、頼隆を用いるよう申し入れた。
English: Sympathizing with Yoritaka as another bereaved child of the Minamoto clan, Yoritomo treated Yoritaka very well, even allowing him to take better seat in a meeting than Tsunetane, who had followed and supported Yoritomo devotedly with a large force.
Japanese: 頼朝は頼隆が源氏の孤児であることに温情を示し、大軍を引き連れて随身した常胤よりも上座に据えるなどの厚遇を施したという。
English: When Yoritomo buried the cremains of his father Yoshitomo at Shochoju-in Temple on October 5, 1185, Yoritaka and Yoshinobu HIRAGA carried the palanquin for the cremains and only Yoritaka, Yoshinobu and Koreyoshi OUCHI were allowed to enter the temple, suggesting that Yoritomo continued to take care of Yoritaka very well as a member of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: その後も源氏一門として遇され、文治元年（1185年）9月3日(旧暦)、頼朝が父義朝の遺骨を勝長寿院に埋葬した際、遺骨を運ぶ輿を頼隆と平賀義信が運び、頼隆・義信・大内惟義のみを御堂の中に参列させている。
English: Yoritaka travelled with Yoritomo when proceeding to the capital in November, 1190, and attending the memorial service to celebrate the construction of Todai-ji Temple in April, 1195.
Japanese: 建久元年（1190年）10月(旧暦)の頼朝の上洛、建久6年（1196年）3月(旧暦)の東大寺落慶供養などに随行。
English: After the death of Yoritomo, Yoritaka returned to his territory, the estate of Wakatsuki, Shinano Province, and then received the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed as the Governor of Izu Province.
Japanese: 頼朝の死後、所領の信濃国若槻庄に下り、従五位下・伊豆守に叙せられている。
English: Sumako MATSUI (March 8, 1886 - January 5, 1919) was an actress of the Japanese shingeki (literally, new play).
Japanese: 松井須磨子（まついすまこ、1886年3月8日-1919年1月5日）は、日本の新劇俳優。