nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: A date of death such as 'September 7 of the previous year,' 'June 10 of this year' or the like was described under each of the above descriptions.
Japanese: それぞれの下段に、「去年9月7日」「今年6月10日」などの死亡月日が付されている。
English: There was a record that Ko headed by 'Takamaro ENUMA NO OMI' had a member of Ko, 'Kuromaro ENUMA NO OMI, aged 28, seitei, died on December 10 of the previous year.'
Japanese: 戸主「江沼臣鷹麻呂」の戸口「江沼臣黒麻呂、年28、正丁、去年12月10日死」の記録がある。
English: There was a record that Ko headed by 'Otsumaro ENUMA NO OMI' had members of Ko, 'Kojikamaro ENUMA NO OMI, aged 21, chunan (young man from seventeen to twenty years old), died on December 10 of the previous year' and 'Sakaibe no Sakutojime, aged 58, teijo, died on December 18 of the previous year.'
Japanese: 戸主「江沼臣乙麻呂」の戸口「江沼臣小志鹿麻呂、年21、中男、去年12月10日死」、「坂合部昨刀自女、年58、丁女、去年12月18日死」の記録がある。
English: There was a record that Ko headed by 'Akanabe no umakai' had a member of Ko, 'Hatoribe no hakama (波加麻), aged 45, mildly handicapped, died on September 19 of the previous year.'
Japanese: 戸主「茜部馬甘」の戸口「服部波加麻、年45、残疾、去年9月19日」の記録がある。
English: In addition, there found several fragments describing 'Hayashimuraji' (only the name of Uji was clarified), and deaths of several persons (only the date of death or the age was clarified).
Japanese: その他、「林連」（ウジ名のみ判明）がみえ、数名（死亡月日のみ、または年齢のみ判明）の死亡を記載した断片がある。
English: Koshi no kimi' consisted of Koshi (district called Koshi (越, 高志 and 古志 in Chinese characters) and Kimi (a kind of Kabane).
Japanese: 「高志公」は、越＝高志＝古志という地域名＋公（きみ、カバネの一種）である。
English: According to Saidai-ji Monjo (documents of Saidai-ji Temple in Nara City) and unearthed articles of mokkan (a narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) in the latter half of the eighth century, it is considered that 'Koshi no kimi' was a name of Uji distributed in the southern part of Echigo such as Kubiki County, Koshi County, and so on in Echigo Province in ancient times.
Japanese: 8世紀後半の西大寺(奈良市)文書や木簡出土例などから「高志公」は古代の越後国頸城郡・古志郡など、越後南部に分布したウジ名と考えられる。
English: Kaga Province was established in 823 by separating two counties of Enuma and Kaga from Echizen Province.
Japanese: なお、加賀国は、弘仁14年（823年）に越前国のうち江沼・加賀の2郡を割いて建置された国である。
English: According to existing historical data, a distribution of 'Ohassebe' concentrated in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) such as two cases each in three provinces of Etchu, Shinano, and Kai, and also in the provinces of Totomi, Kozuke, Shimosa, and so on.
Japanese: 現存史料によれば、「小長谷部」の分布は越中2例、信濃2例、甲斐2例、遠江、上野、下総など東国に集中する。
English: It is judged that this Shibocho was created in the first half of the ninth century, because a year was described as 849 in Document No. 20 (back matter of a letter), and was described as 850 in Document No. 21 (letter), which were unearthed together.
Japanese: この死亡帳は同時に出土した20号文書（解文の書止部分）に「嘉承二年」（849年）、21号文書（書状）に「嘉祥三年」（850年）の年紀があることから、9世紀前半のものと判断される。
English: This Shibocho had a different format from two other kinds of Shibocho which were Shosoin monjo, and adopted a form of name records of double-deck description in which the 'name and age of person' were described above the 'classification of age and date of death,' and a style of describing two lines under the name of a person.
Japanese: この死亡帳は、正倉院文書の死亡帳2例とは書式が異なり、「人名＋年齢／年齢区分＋死亡年月日」という二段書きの歴名帳および人名の下の二行割書のスタイルを採用している。
English: Guessing from unearthed relics from ancient remains such as mokkan and so on, it is considered that this Shibocho adopted a 'practical' description style which was characteristic of official documents retained in regional offices, not of documents sent to Kyoto.
Japanese: これは、古代遺跡の木簡等の遺物出土例から推して、京進文書ではなく、地方の役所にとどめ置く公文書に特徴的な、「実用的」な記載様式とみられる。
English: This Shibocho described citizens in the area (around Akita County) controlled by Akita-jo Castle for one year from 'July of the previous year' to 'June of this year,' and was considered to be a transcript submitted to the provincial office of Dewa Province at that time (transferred in early ninth century).
Japanese: この死亡帳は、「去年7月」から「今年6月」までの一年間について、秋田城の支配領域（秋田郡周辺）の民について記載したもので、当時の出羽国国府（9世紀初頭に移転）に清書したものを提出したと考えられる。
English: Many of the people around then Akita County had ancestors coming from the Hokuriku region, such as Echigo Province, Kaga Province, and so on, and not a few of them had Uji originating from Togoku.
Japanese: 当時の秋田郡周辺の人々は、越後、加賀など祖先を北陸地方に持つ人が特に多く、東国に起源をもつウジも少なくなったかったとみられる。
English: In Ko 'headed by KOSHI NO KIMI' (no given name), as many as six members died in one year, because the first half of the ninth century was a rare time in ancient Japanese history when natural disasters occurred continuously.
Japanese: 「戸主高志公」（名を欠く）の戸では1年間に6名もの人が亡くなっているが、9世紀前半は日本古代史上でもまれにみる天変地異の続いた時代である。
English: Even in the Tohoku region, disasters and famines occurred one after the another, such as Great Earthquake in the Akita region in 830 (from "Ruiju Kokushi" [Classified National History]), Volcanic Eruption in Mutsu Province in 837, Famine in Dewa in 841, Famine in Mutsu in 843, Famine in Dewa in 846, Earthquake in Dewa in 850 (from "Shoku Nihon Koki" [Later Chronicle of Japan Continued] for five events from 837 to 850), and so on.
Japanese: 東北地方でも、天長7年（830年）の秋田地方の大地震（『類聚国史』）、承和(日本)4年（837年）の陸奥国の火山噴火、承和8年（841年）の出羽の飢饉、承和10年（843年）の陸奥の飢饉、承和13年（846年の）出羽の飢饉、嘉祥3年（850年）の出羽の地震（以上『続日本後紀』）など災害や飢饉が相次いでいる。
English: When contrasting the date of death with the deceased people by age and gender, many women and old people died from autumn to winter of the 'previous year,' and adult men died in June of 'this year.'
Japanese: 死亡年月日と老若男女を対比させると、「去年」の秋から冬にかけて女性と老人の死亡が多く、「今年」は成人の男性が6月に死亡している。
English: In the history of Japan, there were many cases in which a woman of high standing became a keishitsu, as in the case of a lawful wife.
Japanese: 正室と同じく、日本の歴史において身分の高い者が継室となる場合が多い。
English: It is a popular misconception that the most favorite concubine was raised to the position of the keishitsu after the death (or the divorce) of the lawful wife.
Japanese: 一般的に誤解されていることとして、寵愛深かった側室が正室の死後（もしくは離婚後）継室として格上げされるというものがある。
English: Honzowamyo is the oldest Japanese dictionary of medicines still in existence, and was compiled by Sukehito FUKANE.
Japanese: 本草和名（ほんぞうわみょう）とは深根輔仁撰による日本現存最古の薬物辞典（本草書）である。
English: This dictionary was compiled by Sukehito FUKANE, who served Emperor Daigo as a court physician and Gon no ihakase (assistant professor of medicine), during 901 to 923.
Japanese: 本書は醍醐天皇に侍医・権医博士として仕えた深根輔仁が延喜年間に編纂した。
English: The dictionary is modeled after "Xinxiu Bencao" compiled in Tang-dynasty China, and includes names of medicines, which were found in other Chinese medical books and translated into Japanese, and information about whether the medicines (medical plants) were produced in Japan and where they were produced.
Japanese: 唐の『新修本草』を範に取り、その他漢籍医学・薬学書に書かれた薬物に倭名を当てはめ、日本での産出の有無及び産地を記している。
English: Although there are some errors in the identification of the medicines by analogy due to the low level of the study at that time, every single Japanese name of the medicines used before the early Heian period is recorded, and the origins and histories of them are revealed, and plenty of so-called itsubun (lost writings), which previously existed but do not exist now even in its home country, China, are included in the dictionary.
Japanese: 当時の学問水準より比定の誤りなどが見られるが、平安初期以前の薬物の和名をことごとく記載しておりかつ来歴も明らかで、本拠地である中国にも無いいわゆる逸文が大量に含まれている。
English: Therefore, the dictionary is a valuable material to learn the original versions of the lost medical books and to trace the origin of Chinese traditional medicine.
Japanese: よって、散逸医学文献の旧態を知る上で、また中国伝統医学の源を探る上でも貴重な資料である。
English: In addition, the dictionary influenced medical science and natural history in later ages; for example, it was quoted in "Ishinho" (an ancient medical book) written by TANBA no Yasuyori.
Japanese: また、丹波康頼の『医心方』にも引用されるなど後世の医学・博物学に影響を与えた。
English: Although it had been lost for a long time since then, an old manuscript of the two-volume dictionary composed of 18 chapters was dug up from the Momijiyama Library by Genkan TAKI, who served as a doctor in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and it came to be handed down again to posterity.
Japanese: その後、長く不明になっていたが、江戸幕府の医家多紀元簡が紅葉山文庫より上下2巻全18編の古写本を発見して再び世に伝えられるようになった。
English: The present whereabouts of the old manuscript discovered by Genkan TAKI is unknown, but there still remains the version revised and issued by Taki in 1796, which was also published for the general public six years later, and the National Palace Museum in Taiwan has another version traced from the old manuscript and once possessed by Tatsuyuki MORI.
Japanese: 多紀元簡により発見された古写本の現時点の所在は不明であるが、多紀が寛政8年（1796年）に校訂を行って刊行し、6年後に民間にも出された版本が存在する他、古写本を影写した森立之の蔵本が台湾の故宮博物院に現存する。
English: Chodai is a tent-shaped screen with about 242 square centimeters which was built as a nobility's living room or bedroom.
Japanese: 帳台（ちょうだい）は、貴人の座所や寝所として置かれた8尺四方のテント型の目隠し。
English: Its overall height is about 215 cm because three pillars about 203 cm in height are set on a foundation called 'tsuchii' laid on each of the four corners.
Japanese: 四隅に置いた「土居（つちい）」という土台の上に高さ6尺7寸の柱3本を立てるので全体の高さは7尺1寸である。
English: A bar called 'kamoi' is laid over the pillars, and akari-shoji (a translucent screen or sliding door made by pasting single sheets of white Japanese paper) with a lacquered frame is put on the top of it.
Japanese: 「鴨居」と呼ばれる横木を渡して、桟が漆塗りの明障子（あかりしょうじ）を乗せる。
English: After the chodai is built up, about 90 cm-high kicho (a curtained frame put up to screen royal personages or noble ladies from direct view of those around them) is stood up as a screen on each face of east, west and south and on hamayuka (a low podium).
Japanese: 帳台を立てると、東西と南の側と浜床に3尺の几帳を立てて目隠しにする。
English: The drapes of the faces on which the kicho is set up are rolled up for about 90 cm and held by tying strings from inside and outside just like kabeshiro (hangings used as a blind in a nobleman's residence).
Japanese: 几帳を置いた側の帳はやはり3尺ほど巻き上げ、壁代のように内外の紐で結び止める。
English: Only in the case of a bedroom for the empress, a black-lacquered podium called 'hamayuka,' whose size is 30 cm high and 273 cm square, is set up on the floor.
Japanese: 寝床には、皇后の場合のみ「浜床（はまゆか）」という高さ1尺、四方9尺の黒塗りの台を置く。
English: Furthermore, 'ryobin no jishiki', which is a blue-trimmed mat woven with soft rush dyed in various colors, and 'shitone,' which is wedded zabuton (traditional Japanese cushions used to sit on the floor) with interlining made of tatami, makuragicho (a small kicho screen set by the bedside), chinnomakura (a pillow made with eagle-wood) and bedclothes are placed thereupon.
Japanese: その上から「竜鬚の地舗（りょうびんのじしき）」という色とりどりに染めたイグサで織った筵に青い縁を縫ったもの、「茵」（しとね）と言って畳を芯にした綿入れの座布団、枕几帳、沈の枕、夜具を置く。
English: Hijikane (an "L" hook) is hammered into the point about 30 cm below the top of each of the two pillars on the closer side as one faces the chodai.
Japanese: 向かって手前側の柱二本には上から1尺ほどの位置に肘金（Ｌ字フック）を打ち付ける。
English: A silver net called 'mitsuno' and gofu (talisman) in the shape of rhinoceros made out of mulberry trees with waved patterns carved on it, which is used as protection against floods, are hung from the hooks.
Japanese: 「御角」（みつの）と呼ばれる銀の網を掛け、波模様を彫った桑の木で犀角をかたどった水難避けの護符を掛ける。
English: For chodai for the emperor and the empress, a weight of Shishi lion (yellow-colored and with opened maw) is placed on the front end of left side drape.
Japanese: 天皇･皇后の場合は、帳の前、左に重石の獅子（黄色で口を開いている）を置いた。
English: The both are gilt bronze-made and those shapes are said to be associated with a tale of Hosuseri no mikoto (a Japanese ancient god who was born in flame) that appears in Jindaiki (Records of period of gods).
Japanese: いずれも金銅製で、その形については、神代紀の火須勢理命の故事にちなむという。
English: It is also said that the komainu stands for Kirin, and using a golden kirin and a golden shishi lion as ornamental weights is following a precedent of the Empress Sokuten in Tang (China).
Japanese: また、狛犬は麒麟で、金麟金獅子を鎮子とするのは唐の則天武后の例によるという。
English: According to 'Matsu no ochiba' (a book on Shinto) written by Takanao FUJII, in the section of investiture of the Empress in 'Gokeshidai' (the Ritual Protocol of the Oe House), it is described that 'Two Shishi-shaped guardian dogs shall be placed on the left and right sides in front of the south face of the chodai.'
Japanese: 藤井高尚「松の落葉」によれば、「江家次第」立后の条に「師子形二」「師子形（二）御帳南面左右（一）」（（一）（二）は返り点）とある。
English: Furthermore, in the volume of Nunobiki no taki (Nunobiki falls) in 'Eiga monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes), shishimai (lion dance) is referred to as 'Shishi komainu.'
Japanese: さらに、「栄花物語」布引滝巻で獅子舞のことを「しし狛犬」といっている。
English: In addition, in the annotation of 'Yusenkutsu' (a Chinese novel by Chosaku in the Tang-Dynasty period), there is a description, 'To place stone-carved shishi lion in a bedroom is effective to avert monsters, goblins, and ghosts as well as to press the carpet.'
Japanese: かつ、「遊仙窟」の注に「以（レ）玉刻為（二）獅子（一）、安（二）牀頭（一）、避（二）鬼魅（一）、竝得（レ）鎮（二）押氈席（一）」（（一）（二）（レ）は返り点）とある。
English: It is also said that this indicates that the shishi-shaped guardian dogs used this way played a role not only as ordinary shishi lion but also as a charm to avert monsters, goblins, and ghosts.
Japanese: これによって、この獅子形は、獅子の用をなすとどうじに鬼魅を避けるまじないとなるものであったろう、という。
English: In the ancient and medieval periods of Japan, shoen (manor in medieval Japan) or feudal loads of the villages under the system of public lands and private estates, such as the great and powerful or the local jito (manager and lord of manor) set bounds on their territories (states) and insisted the justice of their domination over such territories.
Japanese: 日本国における古代・中世の荘園や荘園公領制下の村落の領主である権門勢家や在地の地頭たちは、その領域(国家)を明確にして支配の正統性を主張していた。
English: Shoenezu is a pictorial map drawn for the above mentioned purpose or as a means of settling a concrete dispute arising therefrom.
Japanese: 荘園絵図（しょうえんえず）とは、上記のため、あるいはそれに起因した具体的な紛争を解決するための手段として描かれた絵地図である。
English: Close analysis of the shoenezu is not only one of the researching methods but also the subject of research for the ancient and medieval history of Japan in the category of historical geography, cartography and history.
Japanese: 荘園絵図を読み解くことは歴史地理学や地図学、歴史学における日本古代・中世史の研究手法の一つであり、研究主題である。
English: It was played by splitting participants into teams of right and left, having them bring items of a subject to be compared against each other between the teams in several rounds, and having a judge determine which team won the game at the end.
Japanese: 参加者を左右二組に分けて課題の品物などを持ち寄らせ、審判を立てて何回戦かを競い、左右チーム総合の勝敗を決めるもの。
English: Among the most well-known games of monoawase were utaawase (poetry match), eawase (picture match), and kaiawase (shell match), as well as toriawase (bird match) (also known as tokei [cockfight]), hanaawase (flower match) (also known as hanaikusa [flower battle]), kotoriawase (bird bench show), mushiawase (insect match), senzaiawase (plant match), ogiawase (fan match), and biwaawase (lute match).
Japanese: 代表的なものには、歌合・絵合・貝合などがあり、その他にも鳥合（闘鶏）・花合（花いくさ）・小鳥合（こちらは小鳥の品評会）・虫合・前栽合・扇合・琵琶合など。
English: Most of the time, major nobles, who were sponsors of each team, selected those skilled in a specific field from their relatives, vassals, and related parties.
Japanese: 大体は各チームのスポンサーとなる大貴族が、親類縁者・家臣など関係者の中からその道に優れた人を抜擢する。
English: Since even minor nobles would be able to have the honor of being selected if they were skilled at waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), especially utaawase, it is said that some of the people of low birth were desperate to come up with good poems, literally for their lives.
Japanese: 歌合などでは、小貴族であっても和歌の腕がよければ選ばれて光栄に浴することも出来たので、身分の低い参加者のうちには文字通り命がけの覚悟で歌を練るものもいたと言う。
English: The left team was dressed in warm colors, ranging from purple to orange at the time, and in big events, the designs of costumes of assistant menowarawa (girls) and of writing paper for wrapping items were also unified in colors ranging from reddish purple to red.
Japanese: 左方のチームカラーは暖色系統（当時は紫から橙色まで）で、大きな催しなどではアシスタントの女童たちの衣装や品物を包む料紙なども赤紫から紅の色合いで意匠を統一する。
English: The right team was dressed in cold colors, ranging from yellow to bluish purple at the time, and competed in elaborate design as well.
Japanese: 右方のチームカラーは寒色系統（当時は黄色から青紫まで）で、同じく凝った意匠を競った。
English: The selection of judges was a most delicate process, which would select veterans who not only had an eye for beauty but also had skills in writing, waka, and calligraphy, which was necessary for writing on judging paper.
Japanese: 審判（判者）の選定はもっとも神経を使うもので、審美眼はもちろん判定書に必要な書道や文章・和歌の道に優れた老練の人が選ばれる。
English: Also selected was a 'kazusashi' who used kushi (skewer) to record the number of wins and losses by each team in several rounds.
Japanese: 他に、数回戦を競うため各チーム勝ち負けの数を串で記録する記録係「数刺し」がいた。
English: In addition, there were cases where 'to,' who was in charge of commentary and direction for their team, and 'nennin,' whose job was to support their team, were selected.
Japanese: また、両チームにはチーム代表で解説や進行を担当する「頭」や、応援担当の「念人」が選出されることもある。
English: Ranbodori was an warrior's act of looting things and robbing people after war from the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) through the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 乱妨取り（らんぼうどり）とは、戦国時代_(日本)から安土・桃山時代にかけて戦いの後で兵士が人や物を掠奪した行為。
English: Many of the troops in those periods were farmers, who voluntarily participated for food supplies or for the purpose of looting on battle fields.
Japanese: 当時の軍隊は農民が多く、食料の配給や戦地での掠奪目的の自主的参加が見られた。
English: The loot gained from robbing was put on the market, while daimyo (feudal lords) overlooked these violence and encouraged the acts in their neighborhood.
Japanese: 人狩りの戦利品が戦後、市に出され、大名もそれら乱暴狼藉を黙過したり、褒美として付近を自由に乱取りさせた。
English: They attacked villages around battle fields, where they took all of the farm crops and kidnapped women and children for money or for use as slaves.
Japanese: 戦場付近の村を襲い農作物を根こそぎ奪い、女・子供をさらい売り払うか奴隷にするかした。
English: According to a theory put forward by Hideo KURODA, professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo, Nobunaga ODA beat IMAGAWA 'because Oda conducted a surprise attack on the Imagawa army, who were caught off guard while in the act of looting private homes.'
Japanese: 織田信長の勝因を、「民家への略奪行為で油断する今川方を急襲したから」とする説を、黒田日出男東京大学名誉教授が唱えている。
English: In the Meiji period, it was particularly believed by the army that the Oda army attacked by way of a detour, but in recent years, the belief that they attacked head-on has been favored, based on Shincho Koki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA).
Japanese: 明治時代には陸軍を中心に迂回奇襲説が、近年では信長公記に基づいて正面攻撃説が主流であった。
English: Focusing on Koyo Gunkan (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family), however, Kuroda determined that 'lapses of memory were seen, but the stories are not maliciously fabricated; this is a historical material of good quality based on their experiences.'
Japanese: だが、黒田は甲陽軍鑑に着目し、「記憶違いはあるが、悪意の捏造はなく、体験に基づく良質な史料」と断定。
English: Given the fact that the Takeda clan and the Imagawa clan were allied, he said, 'it would be hard to believe that they mistook the reason for the Imagawa's defeat, and this is based on a reliable source obtained from the losers by a third party.'
Japanese: 当時武田氏と今川氏は同盟していたため「敗因を間違えるとは考え難く、第三者が敗者から得た信頼できる情報に基づく」とした。
English: Koyo Gunkan states that 'just when the Imagawa army thought they had won the battle (another previous battle) that day and went off for looting, the Oda army was mixed up in them and took Yoshimoto's head,' while another historical source confirms that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was quoted as saying 'the Imagawa army was looting, and caught off guard.'
Japanese: 甲陽軍鑑には「その日の（事前にあった別の）戦いに勝ったと思った今川軍が略奪に散る中、織田軍が味方のように入り交じり、義元の首を取った」とあり、又別の史料で徳川家康が「今川軍が略奪し、油断していた」と証言したのも確認。
English: Calling looting "Randori," Kuroda named his new theory 'Sudden Attack in Randori-State Theory.'
Japanese: 黒田は略奪を”乱取り”と呼び、新説を「乱取り状態急襲説」と名付けた。
English: Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji is the imperial decree promulgated by the Imperial Court against MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in October (by the old calendar), 1183.
Japanese: 寿永二年十月宣旨（じゅえいにねんじゅうがつのせんじ）は、寿永2年（1183年）10月(旧暦)に朝廷から源頼朝に下された宣旨。
English: It is believed that the decree officially recognized the dominion of Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo as well as made him guarantee the payment of kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and nengu (land tax) from shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and koryo (an Imperial demesne) in the Togoku.
Japanese: 頼朝に対して、東国における荘園・公領からの官物・年貢納入を保証させると同時に、頼朝による東国支配権を公認したものとされる。
English: In the section of 13th day of intercalary 10th month of 1183, the following is described as the report from OTSUKI no Takamoto.
Japanese: 寿永二年閏十月十三日条には小槻隆職からの伝聞として、次のように記されている。
English: Putting the above historical records together, the contents of this decree can be summarized as; the order that required lords of the manor and kokuga (provincial government officers) to restore the territorial rights for shoen and koryo, and the approval of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's administrative authority on the Togoku region in order to make the above restoration come true.
Japanese: 上記史料を総合すると、本宣旨は、東国における荘園・公領の領有権を旧来の荘園領主・国衙へ回復させることを命じる。その回復を実現するため源頼朝の東国行政権を承認するという2つの内容から構成されている。
English: Shinichi SATO assumes that the first part that is the order for the restoration of shoen and koryo is the main part of this decree, and the latter part that is the delegation of the authority on the Togoku region to Yoritomo is the additional clause.
Japanese: これについて佐藤進一は、前段の荘園公領回復令が本宣旨の主文であり、後段の頼朝への東国行政権委任令が付則の形態をとったであろうと推定している。
English: Especially for the latter part that is the delegation of the administrative authority on the Togoku region to Yoritomo, there is a theory that positively values it as a ground-breaking event for the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: このうち、特に後段の東国行政権の公認をめぐっては、鎌倉幕府成立の画期として積極的に評価する説がある。
English: On the other hand, there is another theory that gives negative evaluation to it regarding it as a regression because it merged the independent Togoku government into the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 一方、独立した東国政権が朝廷へ併合されたのは後退であるとして消極的な評価を与える説もある。
English: Moreover, while some historians, such as Shinichi SATO and Susumu ISHII consider the extent of the area subject to this decree as the whole area throughout Tokaido (an old Japanese geographical region that was situated along the southeastern edge of Honshu) and Tosando(an old Japanese geographical region that was situated along the central mountains of Honshu), Masataka UWAYOKOTE insists that it was limited to the thirteen provinces located eastward of Totomi Province and Shinano Province.
Japanese: また、本宣旨が対象とする地域範囲についても、佐藤進一や石井進(歴史学者)らが東海道・東山道全域とするのに対し、上横手雅敬は遠江・信濃以東の13カ国に限定されていたとする。
English: In July, 1183, Heike escaped from Kyo (the imperial capital) due to the defeat in the battle at Hokurikudo (an old Japanese geographical region situated along the northwestern edge of Honshu).
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）7月、北陸道での敗戦により平家が京を脱出した。
English: The marine control over the Seto Inland Sea and the dominance over Sanyodo (a Japanese term denoting an ancient division of the country, corresponding for the most part with the modern conception of the Sanyo region), Shikoku and Kyushu regions were seized by the Taira clan that had escaped to Saigoku (western part of Japan).
Japanese: 西走した平氏は瀬戸内海の制海権を握り、山陽道・四国・九州を掌握していた。
English: Likewise, in Togoku, the Tokaido and the Tosando areas located east of Mino Province had been put under the influence of the Minamoto no Yoritomo government, and the Hokurikudo was under the control of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
Japanese: また東国も、美濃国以東の東海・東山道は源頼朝政権の勢力下におさめられ、北陸道は源義仲の支配下にあった。
English: Although the harvest time of August and September was close at hand, the Imperial Court was in a condition of little possibility of nengu unjo from the shoen and the koryo in the various districts to the Imperial Court and the influential families.
Japanese: 8月・9月という収穫期を目前としながら、諸国の荘園・公領から朝廷・諸権門への年貢運上はほとんど見込めない状況にあったのである。
English: In addition, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's army, which had entered into the capital, committed plunders and embezzlements in and around the capital.
Japanese: さらに、入京した源義仲軍が、京中および京周辺で略奪・押領をおこなっていた。
English: It also made the shortage of materials and foods in the capital go from bad to worse and led to dysfunction in the Imperial Court government.
Japanese: それも併せて、京の物資・食料は欠乏の一途をたどり朝廷政治の機能不全が生じ始めていた。
English: In the grant of honors awarded by the Imperial Court immediately after MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka entered into the capital, Yoritomo was granted the greatest deed of valor, owing to his political negotiation skills.
Japanese: 源義仲の入京直後に行われた朝廷の論功行賞では、頼朝による政治交渉が功を奏し、勲功第一は頼朝となった。