nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was introduced later, clothing accessories came to officially show a difference of social status and class mainly in the government-regulated organization, facility, etc.
Japanese: 後に律令制を導入すると官製を中心に本格的に身分・階級の違いを表すようになっていく。
English: Thereafter, costumes varied across the ages very quickly, but were classified to some extent according to the social status.
Japanese: その後、時代によって衣装はめまぐるしく変わりながらも、身分によってある程度分類されていた。
English: After the Meiji period, western-style clothing was gradually adopted in the military, authority and schools, and in many cases, many present-day Japanese people adopt a style of wearing European clothes on a daily basis, and wearing traditional Japanese clothes on celebration days and festive days.
Japanese: 明治時代以降、軍隊や官庁、学校などから次第に西洋風の服が採用されるようになり、今日では日常的には洋服を着用し、晴れの日やめでたい日（「ハレとケ」）など和服を着る、といったスタイルが多くなっている。
English: Traditional Japanese clothes, kimono (Japanese traditional clothing), Sebiro (business suit), yukata (Japanese summer kimono), Tsutsusode (kimono with tubular style of sleeve), Tomesode (formal, usually black, kimono with designs along the bottom of the skirt worn by married women on ceremonial occasions), Iro-Tomesode (colored, not black, Tomesode), Kariginu (informal clothes worn by Court nobles), Homongi (semi-formal kimono for women), Tsukesage, Komon (kimono with fine pattern), Iromuji (colored kimono without designs), Tsumugi (pongee), Uru kimono (woolen kimono), Haori (Japanese half-coat), Sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), Juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono), Jinbei (informal summer clothes for men (short jacket and trousers)), and Hoi (clerical garment)
Japanese: 和服、着物、背広、浴衣、筒袖、留袖、色留袖、狩衣（かりぎぬ）、訪問着、付け下げ、小紋、色無地、紬、ウール着物、羽織、束帯、十二単（じゅうにひとえ）、甚平、法衣
English: Setta (Japanese traditional sandals), Geta (Japanese wooden sandals), Zori (Japanese footwear sandals), Waraji (straw sandals), and Kanjiki (snow-shoes)
Japanese: 雪駄（せった）、下駄（げた）、草履（ぞうり）、草鞋（わらじ）、かんじき
English: Fashion changes drastically presently, and a new fashion is always born.
Japanese: 現在では、流行は激しく移り変わり、常に新しいファッションが生まれている。
English: Gothic & Lolita, Kosupure (costume play, dressing up as a favorite character), Bodikon (body conscious, tight-fitting clothing), Gal's fashion style
Japanese: ゴシック・アンド・ロリータ、コスプレ、ボディコン、ギャルファッション・スタイル
English: Food in Japan is called 'Japanese food' (or 'Japanese cuisine' scientifically), and quite different from that in western countries.
Japanese: 日本の料理は「日本料理」（学術的には「日本料理」）と呼ばれており、欧米の料理とはかなり異なっている。
English: Countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia which share the same rice-eating culture have many cuisines and foodstuffs similar to those in Japan.
Japanese: 同じ米食文化を共有する東アジアや東南アジア諸国には、日本と類似した料理、食材などが数多く見られる。
English: However, there is such a difference in the manner of eating that East Asian people share a one-pot dish cooked at the table or dish arranged on a big plate and Japanese people use individual dishes and have meals using a tray on which accompanying dishes are served individually.
Japanese: しかし東アジア諸国での食事の仕方は鍋料理や大きなお皿に盛った料理を皆で取り分ける食べ方が多くみられるが、日本では個人専用の食器を使い、個別におかずが出るお膳などで食事をとるなど違う点もある。
English: Within the area of chopstick culture, Japan is considered to be the only country where only chopsticks are used (it is normal to use dippers such as renge (Chinese spoon) and spoons in other regions when eating soup and rice).
Japanese: また、箸文化圏内で箸しか使わないのは日本だけとされる（他地域では汁物や米を食べる時にレンゲやスプーンなどのすくうものを使うのが一般的である）。
English: In addition, it is often seen only in Japan that dishes such as bowls and plates are held with the hand not holding chopsticks, meals are clearly divided into a main dish and side dishes (rice and accompanying dishes) and eaten alternately (so-called Sankaku tabe (triangular eating)).
Japanese: ほかにも、箸を持っていない方の手で茶碗や皿などの食器を持つ、主食と副菜（ごはんとおかず）を明確に分け交互に食べる（いわゆる三角食べ）など、日本以外では見られないようなことが多い。
English: In these years, low-fat Japanese food is evaluated, and is believed to be balanced and healthy food as a whole.
Japanese: 近年は低脂肪の日本食が評価され、全体で栄養バランスの取れた健康的な食事とも言われる。
English: From the viewpoint of world history, not many years have passed since the Meiji Restoration, and food culture is not classified by prefecture, but classified by region under a domain which existed before Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in the early Meiji period.
Japanese: 現在の日本は世界の歴史的観点から見て明治維新からそう月日が流れておらず、食文化は都道府県の区分けによって分かれているのではなく、明治初頭の廃藩置県前まであった藩ごとの地方によって分かれている。
English: Since a domain was formed by a wide variety of number of territories in accordance with climate and natural features, political culture, food culture, etc., a different food culture was born in each region in prefectures which were formed as a result of merging two or more domains such as Yamagata Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, etc., except for Kagoshima Prefecture which was formed by one domain, Kagoshima Domain (this was because in a period when prefectural transportation facilities did not develop, many borders were set out according to natural landscape such as mountain ranges).
Japanese: 藩は気候風土・政治文化・食文化などの関係によって多種多様の領土面積によって成り立っていた為、藩一つ全体が鹿児島県となった鹿児島藩などは別に、山形県・岩手県など複数の藩が一つにまとまった都府県では地方ごとに食文化が異なる状況が生じている（県交通機関の発達していない時代、国境の多くは山脈等の自然地形によって分かれている為）。
English: As stated above, a regional difference in food culture in present-day prefectures occurs not only because of a difference in products picked inland and at beaches, but also because of the merger of two or more domains whose food culture and customs were different.
Japanese: このように、現在の都道府県内部において地域ごとに食文化が異なるのは、内陸・海岸等の収穫物の違いもさる事ながら、食文化・風習そのものが違う藩の合併によっておきている。
English: Thanks to development of preserving technique, fresh seafood is available in any place in Japan (Japan is the No. 1 consumer of fish and shellfish in the world).
Japanese: 保存技術の発達により、日本のどこでも新鮮な海産物が手に入る（日本は魚介類の消費が世界一である）。
English: More people prefer eating bread and noodles to eating rice, and opportunities of taking traditional Japanese food reduce irrespective of generation.
Japanese: 米食よりパン食、麺類を好む人も多くなっており、世代を問わず伝統的な和食を取る機会も減ってきている。
English: For foreign people, it sometimes seems strange that Japanese people eat seafood and eggs raw.
Japanese: 外国から見ると、日本人が魚介類や卵を生で食べることは奇異に感じられることもある。
English: A cooking method that eaters themselves season or cook raw materials served like a one-pot dish cooked at the table seems to be rare in other countries.
Japanese: また、鍋料理のように、素材のまま出し、食べる人が自ら味付けや調理を行う料理法は、他の国にあまり例がないようである。
English: Tuna, bonito, salmon, Pacific saury, sardine, blow fish, mackerel, horse mackerel, crucian carp, and eel
Japanese: マグロ（まぐろ）、カツオ（かつお）、サケ（さけ）、サンマ（さんま）、イワシ（いわし）、フグ（ふぐ）、サバ（さば）、アジ（あじ）、フナ（ふな）、ウナギ（うなぎ）
English: Shrimp, squid, octopus, crab, and sea cucumber
Japanese: エビ（えび）、イカ（いか）、タコ（たこ）、カニ（かに）、ナマコ（なまこ）
English: Dried seaweed (rock laver, river laver, glue plant), green laver, kelp, and wakame seaweed
Japanese: 海苔（イワノリ、カワノリ、フノリ）、アオノリ、コンブ（コンブ）ワカメ
English: Komatsuna (Japanese mustard spinach), lettuce, wakegi (scallion), Japanese white radish, Chinese cabbage, turnip, green onion, eggplant, and cucumber
Japanese: コマツナ、レタス、ワケギ、ダイコン、ハクサイ、カブ、ネギ、ナス、キュウリ
English: Satoimo (taro), sweet potato, kuwai (arrowhead), yam, konnyaku imo (taro), and potato
Japanese: サトイモ、サツマイモ、クワイ、ヤマノイモ、コンニャクイモ、ジャガイモ
English: Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshu), Chinese orange, shaddock, bitter orange, Iyokan (Citrus Iyo), citron, and Citrus sphaerocarpa
Japanese: ウンシュウミカン、キンカン、ザボン、ダイダイ、イヨカン、ユズ、カボス
English: Dried bonito, kamaboko (fish minced and steamed), iriko (small dried sardine), dried scallop, noshiika (flattened dried cuttlefish), Matsumae konbu (a kind of shredded tangle), tatami iwashi (dried baby sardines flattened like paper), and Japan agar
Japanese: 鰹節、かまぼこ、炒り子、干貝、のしいか、松前昆布、たたみいわし、寒天
English: Ama natto (sugared red beans), Uiro (a sort of sweetened steamed cake made of rice powder), Gyuhi (a kind of rice cake made from glutinous rice or glutinous rice flour), Nerikiri (a cake made of white bean jam which is artistically colored or shaped), Manju (bun stuffed with azuki-bean paste), Yokan (azuki-bean jelly), Rakugan (hard candy), Kintsuba (a sword guard-like shaped baked cake of azuki bean jam wrapped with thin layer of wheat flour), candy, and Shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of rice cake)
Japanese: 甘納豆、ういろう(菓子)（ういろう）、求肥、練り切り、饅頭、羊羹、落雁、きんつば、飴（あめ）、汁粉
English: Kusamochi (rice-flour dumplings mixed with mugwort), Sakuramochi (rice cake with bean jam wrapped in a preserved cherry leaf), rice cracker, Kashiwamochi (a rice cake which contains bean jam and is wrapped in an oak leaf), Botamochi (rice ball coated with sweetened red beans, soybean flour or sesame), Daifuku (rice cake stuffed with bean jam), Arare (cube rice crackers), Abekawamochi (a freshly made rice cake coated with sweetened soybean flour or red bean jam), and Ankoromochi (a freshly made rice cake covered with azuki bean jam with crushed grain)
Japanese: 草餅、桜餅、煎餅、柏餅、ぼたもち、大福、あられ(菓子)、安倍川もち、あんころ餅
English: Furnace, shichirin (earthen charcoal brazier (for cooking)), stove, electronic stove for cooking, gas cooker, microwave oven, and rice cooker
Japanese: かまど、七輪、コンロ、クッキングヒーター、ガスレンジ、電子レンジ、炊飯器
English: Housings have been built using local building materials in various regions in Japan from old times.
Japanese: 日本各地では、古くからその土地にあった建材を利用した住宅が建てられてきた。
English: Although such regional differences existed, wooden housings (Japanese-style housing or Japanese-style house) were built everywhere in Japan.
Japanese: そのような地域差がありながらも、日本全国どこでも木を使った住宅（日本家屋、和風住宅）が建てられてきた。
English: The backgrounds of such housings were abundant woods, a humid climate, and the existence of engineers acquainted with the nature of wood.
Japanese: この背景には、豊富な木材と、湿度の高い気候、木の性質をよく知った技術者の存在などがあった。
English: Most housings were wooden until recently, but the number of ferro-concrete housings (separate houses and apartment buildings) is on the increase presently.
Japanese: 住宅は近年までほとんどが木造建築であったが、現在は鉄筋コンクリート造の住宅（戸建て、集合住宅）も多くなってきている。
English: Garan of Saiin (West Precinct) and Yumedono (Hall of Dreams) of Horyu-ji Temple, Yakushi-ji Toto (East Pagoda), Todai-ji Temple (Hokke-do Hall, etc.), Toshodai-ji Temple (Kondo (main building with a principal image of the temple), etc.), Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple, Chuson-ji Temple, Chuson-ji Temple Konjiki-do (golden hall), Sanjusangendo Temple, Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple), Jisho-ji Temple (Ginkaku-ji Temple), Kiyomizu-dera Temple, and Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine
Japanese: 法隆寺西院伽藍・夢殿、薬師寺東塔、東大寺（法華堂など）、唐招提寺（金堂など）、平等院鳳凰堂、中尊寺中尊寺金色堂、三十三間堂、鹿苑寺（金閣寺）、慈照寺（銀閣寺）、清水寺、日光東照宮
English: Hirosaki-jo Castle, Matsumoto-jo Castle, Maruoka-jo Castle, Inuyama-jo Castle, Hikone-jo Castle, Himeji-jo Castle, Matsue-jo Castle, Matsuyama-jo Castle (Bicchu Province), Marugame-jo Castle, Matsuyama-jo Castle (Iyo Province), Uwajima-jo Castle and Kochi-jo Castle (12 castles whose castle towers are now existing), and Nagoya-jo Castle, Osaka-jo Castle, Kumamoto-jo Castle, Shuri-jo Castle, Goryokaku, etc.
Japanese: 弘前城、松本城、丸岡城、犬山城、彦根城、姫路城、松江城、松山城(備中国)、丸亀城、松山城(伊予国)、宇和島城、高知城（以上「現存天守現存12天守」）、名古屋城、大阪城、熊本城、首里城、五稜郭など
English: After the Meiji period, an architectural style and technique imported from Europe changed Japanese architecture drastically.
Japanese: 明治時代以後、ヨーロッパの建築様式・技術が伝えられ、日本の建築も大きく変わっていった。
English: Towers: Tokyo Tower, Kyoto Tower, Tsutenkaku Tower, Fukuoka Tower, Nagoya TV Tower, and Sapporo TV Tower
Japanese: タワー建築：東京タワー、京都タワー、通天閣、福岡タワー、名古屋テレビ塔、さっぽろテレビ塔
English: Domed stadium: Tokyo Dome, Osaka Dome, Nagoya Dome, Fukuoka Dome, and Sapporo Dome
Japanese: ドーム球場：東京ドーム、大阪ドーム、ナゴヤドーム、福岡ドーム、札幌ドーム
English: Athletics stadium: Kokuritsu Kasumigaoka Rikujo Kyogjo (National Olympic Stadium), Nippon Budokan, Saitama Super Arena, and Ryogoku Kokugikan
Japanese: 競技場：国立霞ヶ丘陸上競技場、日本武道館、さいたまスーパーアリーナ、両国国技館
English: Each region in Japan has souvenirs called 'specialty of the region,' and such daily necessities are the result of efforts made by local people who tried to make products in line with local nature, history, industry and tradition.
Japanese: 日本各地で、「ご当地～～」と呼ばれる土産品があるが、それらの日用品は、地域の自然や歴史、産業、伝統などに見合った製品を作ろうとしてきた地域の人々の工夫の賜物である。
English: Although many daily necessities came to be produced at plants of major companies presently, to the technique of production, the technique of traditional crafts accumulated from old times is often applied.
Japanese: また、日用品も、現代では多くが大企業の工場で作られるようになったが、その技術も、古くから培われてきた伝統工芸品の技術を応用して生産されているものが多い。
English: In general, Japanese people think that a modest attitude of keeping down self-assertiveness is a virtue, and have a concept of 'harmony' of trying to avoid conflict with surrounding people, and therefore, Japanese people have customs and etiquette in human relationships which are unique and are not owned by other races.
Japanese: 総じて自己主張を抑える奥ゆかしさが美徳とされ、周りとの軋轢を避けようとする「和」の観念から、他の民族とは違った日本独特の人間関係における慣習や礼儀が見られる。
English: Greeting: The Japanese language has many linguistic concepts along with delicate nuances which are nonexistent in other cultural areas such as itadakimasu (expression of gratitude before meals), gochisosama (deshita) (phrase used after one has been treated (especially after meals), tadaima (I'm home!), okaeri (nasai) (welcome home), itterasshai (have a good day), ittekimasu (I'm going now), shitsureishimasu (shita) (excuse me), ojamashimasu (shita) (excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you), etc.
Japanese: あいさつ：いただきます、ごちそうさま（でした）、ただいま、おかえり（なさい）、いってらっしゃい、いってきます、失礼します（した）、お邪魔します（した）など、他の文化圏にはない微妙なニュアンスをともなう言語概念が多い。
English: Conference on bidding: A very Japanese-natured original method to solve troubles through discussions among people only at the high level, not based on the fair rules.
Japanese: 談合：元々は公平なルールに拠らず上層部だけの話し合いによる日本人気質の濃い揉め事の解決方法。
English: This method had originated from discussions between villages about water intake to rice fields during periods of drought, and has spread as a commercial custom as a method to distribute many public work projects including civil engineering and construction in these years.
Japanese: 水枯れ期の田圃への取水についての村落同士の話し合いなどを発生起源とし、近年では土木・建設をはじめ多くの公共事業の分配方法の商慣習として万延していた。
English: As in the case of cartels in other countries, this method came to be disclosed as a criminal act in commercial transactions.
Japanese: 諸外国におけるカルテル同様、商行為上の犯罪行為として摘発されるようになってきている。
English: In the modern age when the sense of religion fades, the Buddhist ritual funeral service in the form of Buddhism is often held for as a funeral ceremony, except for the special case of holding a Christian or Shinto ritual funeral service in accordance with religious beliefs.
Japanese: 宗教意識が薄れている現代にあって、葬式は、特に宗教上の信念があってキリスト教式、神道式で行われる場合を除けば、仏教の形式を用いる仏式葬儀が行なわれることが多い。
English: This resulted from the fact that a relationship between a family temple and a Buddhist parishioner was continued from ancient times to modern times, and is considered to have been popularized and have become a custom rather than just as a pure religious event.
Japanese: これは、古来からの菩提寺と檀家の関係が現代まで引き継がれた結果のもので、純粋な宗教行事というより、習俗化したものといえる。
English: Due to participation by funeral directors which appeared as a service business in the early modern times, and an increase in the number of people who are in doubt about commercialized Buddhist ritual funeral services, burial services in nature (ash scattering, burial in the space, burial in the forest) have also started spreading as a form of funeral ceremony.
Japanese: 近代になってサービス業として登場した葬儀会社の介入もあり、ビジネス化された仏式葬儀に疑問を持つ人びとも増えつつあり、自然葬（散骨、宇宙葬、森林葬など）もひとつの形式として浸透し始めている。
English: Miai (formal marriage interview), Yuino (exchange of engagement gifts), Nakodo (matchmaker), wedding ceremony and wedding center, San-san-kudo (a manner for a bride and groom to drink sake at a wedding ceremony), Ironaoshi (an event that either or both of bride and groom change a dress at the wedding reception), Tokoiri (consummation of a marriage), and honeymoon
Japanese: 見合い、結納、仲人、婚礼・結婚式・結婚式場、三々九度、色直し、床入り、新婚旅行
English: Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the health and growth of young children), entrance ceremony, graduation ceremony, coming-of-age celebration, farewell party, Kanreki (the celebration of a person's 60th birthday), Koki (the celebration of a person's 70th birthday), Kiju (the celebration of a person's 77th birthday), Sanju (the celebration of a person's 80th birthday), Beiju (the celebration of a person's 88th birthday), Sotsuju (the celebration of a person's 90th birthday) and Hakuju (the celebration of a person's 99th birthday), Wakashuyado (a kind of house in a village for wakashu (young people) to stay or work together), Genpuku (coming-of-age ceremony for boys), retirement, and becoming a priest, Tokudo (enter the Buddhist priesthood) and Teihatsu (tonsure)
Japanese: 七五三、入学式、卒業式、成人式、送別会、還暦・古希・喜寿・傘寿・米寿・卒寿・白寿、若衆宿、元服、隠居、出家・得度・剃髪
English: Head family and branch family, family estate, adoption, Irimuko (man who takes his wife's premarital family name), Heyazumi (an adult-aged eldest son who has yet to come into his inheritance), Yakkaimono (dependent), Goke (widow) and Ikazu goke (unmarried old woman), and Myoji (family name) and Yago (house name)
Japanese: 本家・分家、家督、養子縁組、入り婿、部屋住み・やっかい者、後家・行ず後家、名字・屋号
English: Yoriai (gathering), Murahachibu (ostracism), neighborhood association, circular notice, Tonarigumi (neighborhood association (established in Japan in 1940)), network, drinking party and joint party, and various club activities
Japanese: 寄合い、村八分、町内会、回覧板、隣組、連絡網、コンパ・コンパ合同コンパ、各種クラブ活動
English: Chugen (Bon gift), Seibo (year-end gift), New Year's greetings, Shochumimai (summer greeting card), Kanchumimai (winter greeting card), Kajimimai (expressing one's sympathy after a fire), Byokimimai (visit to a sick person), Kaikiiwai (celebrating recovery from illness), Uchiiwai (gift for close relatives or friends), Noshi (long thin strip of dried sea-ear attached to a gift) and Mizuhiki (decorative Japanese cord made from twisted paper), Koden (condolence gift) and Kodengaeshi (present given in return for funeral offering), ceremonial occasions, Mujin-ko (beneficial association) and Tanomoshi-ko (beneficial association), and Okaeshi (returning a favor)
Japanese: 中元、歳暮、年賀、暑中見舞、寒中見舞、火事見舞、病気見舞、快気祝、内祝、熨斗・水引、香典・香典返し、冠婚葬祭、無尽講・頼母子講、お返し
English: Jichinsai (ground-breaking ceremony), Teiso (laying of foundation stone), Jotoshiki (the roof-laying ceremony), something Hiraki (or biraki) (opening, start, etc.) (e.g. jimushobiraki (opening of office), pianobiraki (start of playing the piano), Kagamibiraki (cutting and eating of Kagamimochi (a large, round rice cake offered to a deity), etc.), Nakajime (break) and Ohiraki (breakup (of a ceremony, wedding, party, meeting, etc.)), and Ipponjime (three sets of three claps and one final clap performed at the end of a special event) and Sanbonjime (three sets of Ipponjime)
Japanese: 地鎮祭、定礎、上棟式、～開き（事務所・ピアノ・鏡、etc.）、中締め・お開き、一本締め・三本締め
English: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Education Board, school superintendent, principal (president), teacher, teacher's license, and teaching practice
Japanese: 文部科学省、教育委員会、教育長、校長（学長）、先生、教員免許、教育実習
English: Hibachi (brazier), stove, Kiserubon (ash tray), Kaya (mosquito net), Kayari (outdoor fire with dense smoke to repel mosquitoes) and Katorisenko (mosquito repellent stick), and Sensu (folding fan) and Uchiwa (round fan)
Japanese: 火鉢、ストーブ、煙草盆、蚊帳・蚊遣り・蚊取り線香、扇子・団扇（うちわ）
English: Commuter train, private car, bus (transportation facility), taxi, limousine, chauffeur service, motorbike, bicycle, and wheelchair
Japanese: 通勤電車、マイカー、バス_(交通機関)、タクシー、ハイヤー、運転代行、バイク、自転車、車椅子
English: For Japanese calendar, also refer to Template seasonal topic, Template today's calendar, and Template what happened on this date in the past.
Japanese: 日本の暦については、Template季節の話題、Template今日のこよみ、Template今日は何の日も参照。
English: Genka reki (Genka calendar), Giho reki (kind of Chinese calendar), Taien reki (Taien calendar), Goki reki (Wuji calendar, a luni-solar calendar developed in the Tang by Guo Xianzhi and used in China during 762 - 821), Senmyo reki (a variation of the lunar calendar that was created in ancient China), Jokyo reki (Jokyo calendar), Horyaku reki (Horyaku calendar), Kansei reki (Kansei calendar), and Tenpo reki (Tenpo calendar)
Japanese: 元嘉暦、儀鳳暦、大衍暦、五紀暦、宣明暦、貞享暦、宝暦暦、寛政暦、天保暦
English: Although events concerning agriculture, etc. were major events around before the war, they are only held in rural areas due to decreased farmers and mechanization.
Japanese: 農業類に関する行事も戦前ごろまで大きな行事であったが、農家の減少や機械化により農村部以外では行われないようになった。
English: New Year's Holidays (the first three days of the New Year from the 1st to the 3rd), New Year, Hatsuyume (the first dream in the New Year), Nengajo (New Year's card) (mainly on the first day), new semester, Hatsumode (the practice of visiting a shrine or temple at the beginning of the New Year), Nanakusagayu (seven-herb rice porridge), New Year's party, Kagamibiraki (the custom of cutting and eating a large, round rice cake, which had been offered to the gods at New Year's, on January 11) (the 11th day), and Sagicho (ritual bonfire of New Year's decorations)
Japanese: -正月（三が日は1日～3日）、新年、初夢、年賀状（1日が主）、新学期、初詣、七草粥、新年会、鏡開き（11日）、左義長
English: Boys' Festival (the 5th), Golden Week (early-May holiday season in Japan) (the time of the holiday changes every year due to the length of holidays before and after the 3rd, 4th and 5th), and Mother's Day (the second Sunday)
Japanese: -端午の節句（5日）、ゴールデンウィーク（3日、4日、5日を中心に連休の長さにより毎年変動）、母の日（第2日曜）
English: New semester, disaster prevention (the 1st), autumnal equinox, Jugoya (night of the full moon), Aki no higan (the autumnal equinox), and Respect-for-Senior-Citizens Day (the third Monday)
Japanese: -新学期、防災（1日）、秋分、十五夜、秋の彼岸、敬老の日（第3月曜）
English: Oseibo (year-end gift), Christmas (around the 24th and 25th), New Year's Eve and bells on New Year's Eve (the 31st), and the year-end party
Japanese: -お歳暮、クリスマス（24日、25日頃）、大晦日・除夜の鐘（31日）、忘年会
English: In this country of which most belongs to a mild and humid climate zone, and where changes of the seasons are clear, a life by settlement based on rice cropping became a foundation of life due to these climate conditions.
Japanese: 国土の大半が温暖湿潤な気候帯に属し、春夏秋冬がはっきりと推移するこの国においては、この気象条件から、稲作による定住生活が生活の基盤となった。
English: Therefore, people living in this country are sensitive to changes of the seasons, and are modest, but, the nationality of being very sensitive to the nature was fostered.
Japanese: それゆえ、この国に棲む人々は四季の移ろいに敏感で、穏やかではあるが自然に対して感受性の鋭い国民性が育まれた。
English: Due to being an island country surrounded by the sea, and isolated, contact with other races was restricted to some extent, and in addition to the above characteristics, the way for generating a unique and rich culture was paved.
Japanese: また、周囲を海に囲まれ個立した島国であることで、他民族との接触に一定の制御が加えられ、前記の特質に加えてさらに、独特の豊穣な文化を醸し出す下地ともなってきた。
English: Festivals which have been held from old times in Japan are often held as events worshiping a deity, using Mikoshi (portable shrine carried in festivals) or Goshintai (object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity).
Japanese: 日本で古くから行われている祭りでは神を祭る行事として神輿や御神体を使って行われていることが多い。
English: The meaning of praising a deity, praying for a good harvest or health, or blowing away evils is contained.
Japanese: 神を称え、豊作や健康を祈ったり、邪悪なものを吹き飛ばすというような意味合いも込められる。
English: Although there is no specific day when festivals are held in a concentrated manner like 'Christmas' or 'Halloween' in the Christian area, many festivals are held in summer from a seasonal viewpoint, and Bon Festival Dance and fireworks festivals are often held.
Japanese: キリスト圏でいう「クリスマス」や「ハロウィン」というように祭りが一日に集中するような日というものは特にないが、季節で見ると夏に多く行われ、盆踊りや花火大会が多く開催される。
English: In Japan some households have both a Buddhist altar (where ancestors and the dead are enshrined) and household Shinto altar (where the God of Shinto is enshrined), while the number of households having neither of those increases lately.
Japanese: 日本では、仏壇（仏教に従って先祖や故人をまつる）と神棚（神道の神をまつる）が両方あるという家庭もあり、いっぽう近年では、そのどちらもないという家庭も増えている。
English: Although many people are personally involved in a specific religion or religious school, Japanese people do not have a strong sense of religion as a whole, and the majority are substantially close to having none.
Japanese: 特定の宗教・宗派に個人的に関わる人も多いが、日本人は全体として宗教意識が希薄であり、事実上の無宗教に近い人々が多数派である。
English: There is seen such a phenomenon of mixed religious form as funeral services are generally held in accordance with Buddhist rituals, and wedding ceremonies are held in accordance with the Christian or Shinto rituals.
Japanese: 一般的に葬礼は仏式で行われることが多く、結婚式はキリスト教式あるいは神式で、といった宗教形式の混在現象が見られる。