nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: His father was Michiari ROKUJO, Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), (the son of Michiteru KOGA) who was the founder of the Rokujo family and his mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Kiyosada.
Japanese: 父は六条家の祖である右近衛大将六条通有（久我通光の子）、母は藤原清定の娘。
English: When the retired Emperor Gouda of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) started the cloister government, gaining the appointment as a In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtier), Arifusa began to advance rapidly whereby after gaining the double assignments of Sadaiben (major controller of the left) and Sangi (councilor) in 1301, was promoted to Gon Chunagon (provisional vice-councilor of state) in 1303 which was followed by an additional post of the indenso (a job title to relay messages of court people to the retired emperor) climbing to the post of Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) in 1308.
Japanese: ところが、大覚寺統の後宇多上皇が院政を開始すると院近臣として登用されて急速に昇進し、正安3年（1301年）に左大弁兼参議となると、嘉元元年（1303年）には権中納言に昇進して後に院伝奏を兼ね、延慶(日本)元年（1308年）には権大納言に達した。
English: In "Masukagami" (The Clear Mirror), there is a description saying, "This Chujo (Middle Captain) excelled in scholarship and was appointed to important posts particularly in his later years..." suggesting that Arifusa was a darling of the poetry circle of the time.
Japanese: 『増鏡』には「この中将才かしこくて末の世にはことの他にもてなされて」云々と記され、当時の歌壇では寵児的存在だったと推察されている。
English: Arifusa and Tameyo played an active role in the Daikakuji-to poetry circle and, under the influence of Tameyo, Arifusa wrote Nomorinokagami (in 1295 albeit there is heresy concerning the year), making scathing attack on the poems of Tamekane KYOGOKU who belonged to the Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) group.
Japanese: 為世とともに大覚寺統側の歌壇で活躍し、その影響下で『野守鏡』（永仁3年（1295年）、但し異説あり）を著し、持明院統側の京極為兼の歌を激しく論難した。
English: Afterwards, with the administration transferred to Jitoin-to, Arifusa once again became obscure but was conferred Joichii (Junior First Rank) on February 20, 1318.
Japanese: その後政権が持明院統に移ったために再び不遇となるが、文保2年1月11日_(旧暦)（1318年2月12日）には従一位に叙せられる。
English: In 1319, when the cloister government by the retired Emperor Gouda resumed with Emperor Godaigo's accession to the throne, Arifusa was sick and confined to bed.
Japanese: 翌元応元年（1319年）、後醍醐天皇の即位によって後宇多上皇の院政が再開された時、有房は病の床にあった。
English: On July 24 of the same year, however, at the request of the retired Emperor Gouda, Uchitsune ICHIJO was suddenly dismissed from the post of Naidaijin (Minister of the Interior) and Arifusa, who had fallen into critical condition, was named as the successor.
Japanese: だが、後宇多上皇の希望により、同年6月28日_(旧暦)に突然、一条内経が内大臣を更迭されて既に危篤状態であった有房が後任とされた。
English: SHIGENO no Sadanushi (785–March 6, 852) was a bureaucrat in the early Heian Period.
Japanese: 滋野貞主（しげののさだぬし、延暦4年（785年）-仁寿2年2月8日(旧暦)（852年3月2日））は平安時代前期の官僚。
English: His children included SHIGENO no Yoshikage, SHIGENO no Yoshine, Tsunako (who was nyogo, a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor) of Emperor Ninmyo), Okuko (Kyujin, a court lady of Emperor Montoku), Naoiko (wife of MINAMOTO no Kuninori) and another daughter (wife of SHIGENO no Kibio).
Japanese: 子に滋野善蔭、滋野善根、縄子（仁明天皇女御）、奥子（文徳天皇宮人）、直子（源国紀室）、娘（滋野吉備雄室）らがいる。
English: In 807, successfully becoming a monjosho (student of Literary Studies in the Imperial University), Sadanushi was appointed as Dainaiki (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs) in 815 whereby, with his father, he received the title of Ason (the second highest of the eight hereditary titles) and was given the surname in 823.
Japanese: 大同(日本)2年（807年）に文章生に及第し、弘仁6年（815年）に大内記となり弘仁14年（823年）には父とともに朝臣に改め、姓を賜った。
English: In 831, advancing to the court rank of Jugoinoge, Sadanushi, in cooperation with Confucian scholars, classified ancient and modern documents compiling 1000 volumes of "Hifuryaku" (2 volumes remain in existence today) and 20 volumes of "Keikoku-shu" (an anthology of Chinese poems compiled by Imperial command).
Japanese: 天長8年（831年）には従五位下に進み、儒学者たちと古今の文書を分類して『秘府略』1000巻（現存2巻）を撰集し、また『経国集』20巻を撰上した。
English: During the era of Emperor Ninmyo, after serving as Kura no kami (Chief of Kuraryo, Bureau of Palace Storehouses), Kudai-taifu (a post of Imperial Household Ministry), Hyobu taiyu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Hyobusho, Ministry of Military) and Danjo-daihitsu (Senior Assistant President of the Board of Censors), Sadanushi was appointed as Shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), holding the concurrent posts of Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) with the court rank being Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and Sanuki no kami (the governor of Sanuki Province).
Japanese: 仁明天皇の時に内蔵頭・宮内大輔・兵部大輔・弾正大弼をへて従四位上の大蔵卿に讃岐守を兼ね、式部大輔となる。
English: Since 842, Sadanushi successively held various positions including Sangi (the Councilor) and Kageyushi chokan (Secretary of the Office of Investigators of the Records of Outgoing Officials) and issued 'Bengi Jushiji.'
Japanese: 承和(日本)9年（842年）から参議・勘解由使長官などを歴任し、「便宜十四事」を陳述。
English: Yuzo KONDO (February 8, 1902 - February 25, 1985) was a Japanese potter.
Japanese: 近藤悠三（こんどうゆうぞう　1902年2月8日-1985年2月25日）は日本の陶芸家。
English: At the time, Kanjiro KAWAI and Shoji HAMADA graduated from Tokyo Higher Technical School and were researching ceramics, and Kondo learned ceramics engineering from Hamada.
Japanese: 当時、河井寛次郎と濱田庄司が東京高等工業を卒業して技手として陶磁を研究しており、近藤は濱田から窯業科学などを学んだ。
English: In 1921, he quit the experimental station and became an assistant to Kenkichi TOMIMOTO, who had just returned from England and opened a kiln in Yamato.
Japanese: 1921年に陶磁器試験場を辞め、イギリスから帰国して大和に窯を構えた富本憲吉の助手として師事。
English: He learned about groundwork and glaze technology as well as the spirit of ceramics art from Tomimoto.
Japanese: 素地や釉薬などの技法だけでなく、制作に対する心構えについても指導を受けている。
English: After returning to Kyoto in 1924, he studied sketches and western style painting at Kansai Art Academy and Western Art Research Institute, and established a kiln at Kiyomizu Shindo Ishidanshita.
Japanese: 1924年京都に戻った後、関西美術院洋画研究所でデッサンや洋画の研究をする傍ら、清水新道石段下に窯を構え制作を始める。
English: He was also presenting works of art of under glazed cobalt blue technique as well works using yuurikou and inlay techniques.
Japanese: この頃は染付の他に、釉裏紅や象嵌等の技法も用いた作品を発表していた。
English: In 1956, he received the gold award for Japanese Traditional Crafts at the 3rd Japan Traditional Art Crafts Exhibition with his 'Sansui Dyed Pot.'
Japanese: 1956年、「山水染付壺」で第3回日本伝統工芸展が日本伝統工芸会賞を受賞。
English: He expressed the dark and light with the brush technique based on tsuketate and gradation, presenting paintings like the motifs of pomegranates and plums.
Japanese: つけたてとぼかしを基調とした筆遣いによって濃淡を表し、ザクロや梅などをモチーフとして絵画的な表現を為した。
English: After 1960, he started using techniques to add red and gold on Gosu sometsuke, establishing his own style.
Japanese: 更に1960年以降、呉須染付に併用して赤絵や金彩の技法を用いる様になり、更に独特の作風を確立した。
English: He taught as the assistant professor and professor in the Ceramics Arts Department, Kyoto City University of Fine Arts from 1953, became the professor in 1956, and held the office of chancellor in October 1965.
Japanese: 1953年京都市立美術大学陶磁器科助教授、1956年同大学教授、1965年10月には学長に就任した。
English: He received the Shiju Hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon) in 1970, the Zui Hosho (Orders of the Sacred Treasure) and the Kyoto City Cultural Order Award in 1973.
Japanese: 1970年に紫綬褒章、1973年には勲等瑞宝章、京都市文化功労者章を受章。
English: On April 25, 1977, he was designated as an important intangible cultural heritage (Living National Treasure) as the holder of 'sometsuke' skills.
Japanese: 1977年4月25日、重要無形文化財（人間国宝）「染付」の保持者に認定された。
English: Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO (February 26, 1586-September 12, 1661) is a Kugyo (Court noble) and Inyoka (the Yin and Yang school of philosophy) of the early Edo period.
Japanese: 土御門泰重（つちみかどやすしげ、天正14年1月8日(旧暦)（1586年2月26日）－寛文元年8月19日(旧暦)（1661年9月12日））は、江戸時代初期の公卿・陰陽家。
English: There are Yasuhiro TSUCHIMIKADO, Takatoshi TSUCHIMIKADO, Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO among his children (however, the opinion is divided regarding the father of Yasutomi).
Japanese: 子に土御門泰広・土御門隆俊・土御門泰福らがいる（ただし、泰福の父については諸説あり）。
English: Though his family was once fell on bad time as his father lost his position while involved in intrigue during the incident of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, Yasushige passed genpuku (ceremony of attaining manhood) in 1603 after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and was designated as Shorokuinojo Ukone no shogen and Kurodo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade, Lieutenant of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards and Chamberlain), and promoted to Nakatsukasa Taijo in 1612.
Japanese: 父は豊臣秀次の事件に連座して失脚したため、一時衰微していたが、豊臣秀吉死後の慶長8年（1603年）に元服して正六位上右近将監兼蔵人に任じられ、同17年（1612年）には中務大丞に転じる。
English: However, as he failed in his family business, the studies on the calendar system, he gave away the authority of the study to Tomokage KOTOKUI of the Kamo clan in 1616.
Japanese: だが、家業の暦学において失態があり、元和(日本)2年（1616年）に賀茂氏系の幸徳井友景に暦学の権限を譲る。
English: As a result, Tomokage was designated as Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo, or Bureau of Divination) and Yasushige was transferred from Tenmon hakase (master of astronomy) to Sahyoe no kami (Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards), two years later.
Japanese: その結果、2年後には友景は陰陽頭に任じられ、泰重は後に天文博士から左兵衛督に転じた。
English: However, as he got into bad terms with Tomokage later and he also tried to recover the status of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) by the hand of the Tsuchimikado clan (the Abe clan), it caused a long conflict between the Abe clan line Tsuchimikado family and the Kamo clan line Kotokui family over authenticity in Onmyodo.
Japanese: しかし、後に友景と不仲になり土御門家_(安倍氏)による陰陽道再興を志向したために、陰陽道の権限を巡って阿倍氏系土御門家と賀茂氏系幸徳井家の長期にわたる内紛の原因となった。
English: He became Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) on February 22, 1635 and climb up to Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 1649.
Japanese: 寛永12年1月5日(旧暦)（1635年2月22日）に従三位となり、慶安2年（1649年）に従二位まで昇った。
English: Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO (July 23, 1655-July 25, 1717) was Kugyo (a court noble, non-Councilor) and Inyoka (the Yin and Yang school of philosophy) during the early Edo period.
Japanese: 土御門泰福（つちみかどやすとみ、明暦元年6月20日(旧暦)（1655年7月23日）－享保2年6月17日(旧暦)（1717年7月25日））は、江戸時代前期の公卿（非参議）・陰陽家。
English: He is said to be the son of Yasuhiro TSUCHIMIKADO and became a son-in-law of Yasuhiro's younger brother, Takatoshi TSUCHIMIKADO, however, there is here say that his real father was Takatoshi or Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO (father of Yasuhiro and Takatoshi).
Japanese: 土御門泰広の子でその弟土御門隆俊の養嗣子とされているが、実父を隆俊あるいは土御門泰重（泰広・隆俊の父）とする異説もある。
English: He became a successor of Yasushige due to the death of Yasuhiro and Takatoshi and succeeded the reign of the family by the death of Yasushige in 1661.
Japanese: 泰広・隆俊の死により泰重の後継者となり、寛文元年（1661年）の泰重の死によりその家督を継いだ。
English: The Tsuchimikado family (the Abe clan) served as Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo, or Bureau of Divination) for generations, however, the post was transferred by Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO to the Kotokui family at the beginning of Edo period, and after that, the conflicts over the authenticity of the control of the Onmyoji long lasted between Yasushige who was requiring to return the post of Director and the Kotokui family, but who was rejected the return.
Japanese: 土御門家_(安倍氏)は、代々陰陽頭を務めていたが、江戸時代初期に土御門泰重がその座を幸徳井家に譲渡、その後その陰陽師支配の権限を巡る争いから陰陽頭の返上を求める泰重とこれを拒む幸徳井家側との対立が長く続いた。
English: In 1670 when Yasutomi passed the genpuku ceremony and was designated as Shorokuinoge Kurodo (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade, Chamberlain) and Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), the disputes occurred again with Tomohiro KOTOKUI regarding Onmyoji no kami, however, Tomohiro died suddenly at the age of 35 in 1682, and the Edo bakufu shogunate which arbitrated the conflicts handed down the ruling that the son of Tomohiro was too young to execute the post, thus Yasutomi who was at Jugoinojo Hyobu-shoyu (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade, junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of Military) acceded the post, and in the next year, he was authorized to control and license the Onmyoji of the whole country.
Japanese: 泰福が元服して正六位下蔵人兼近衛府に任じられた寛文10年（1670年）にも泰福と幸徳井友傳の間で陰陽頭を巡る相論が発生するも、天和_(日本)2年（1682年）に友傳が35歳で急死、相論の仲裁にあたっていた江戸幕府は友傳の子は幼くて職務が行えないと裁定したため、当時従五位上兵部少輔であった泰福が陰陽頭に就任、継いで翌年には諸国の陰陽師を支配・免許の権限が与えられた。
English: During the kaireki (changing of calendar) in 1684, though he once asserted to adopt the Daito calendar, later he admitted that the Jokyo reki (Jokyo calendar) of Harumi SHIBUKAWA who was a scholar belonging to the same school as Yasutomi of Ansai YAMAZAKI was superior and reported the fact to the emperor to perform, and in 1689, he put pressure upon the Kotokui family and had them promised to be respectful to the Tsuchimikado family as the originator of Onmyodo and controlled the Kotokui family.
Japanese: 貞享元年（1684年）の改暦に際しては大統暦の実施を主張するも、後には山崎闇斎のもとで同門であった渋川晴海の貞享暦が優れていることを認めてこれを実施するように上奏し、元禄2年（1699年）には幸徳井家に圧力をかけて土御門家を陰陽道宗家として仰ぐ事を約束させ、同家を支配下に置いたのである。
English: With this achievement, he was appointed to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1698 and promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 1714.
Japanese: この功績によって元禄11年（1708年）に従三位に昇り、正徳(日本)4年（1714年）に従二位にまで昇進する。
English: And he studied Suika Shinto under Ansai YAMAZAKI and made ties with aforementioned Harumi, Fuyutsune ICHIJO and Sadayori NOMIYA.
Japanese: また、山崎闇斎から垂加神道を学び、前述の晴海や一条冬経・野宮定縁らと結ぶ。
English: Further, he was influenced by them and established a new and unique Shinto theory (Tsuchimikado Shinto) by combining Onmyodo and Shinto.
Japanese: また、その影響を受けて陰陽道と神道を組み合わせた独自の神道理論（土御門神道）を打ち立てた。
English: However, Harumi SHIBUKAWA who was virtually the head of kaireki work was nominated by the Edo bakufu and to become a Tenmonkata (astronomer appointed by the bakufu), the center of kaireki work had been moved to Edo.
Japanese: だが、一方で改暦の実質上の中心であった渋川晴海が江戸幕府に召されて天文方に入ったために改暦の中心が江戸に移る結果を招いた。
English: FUJIWARA no Akirakeiko (829-June 27, 900) was the daughter between FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and his wife, MINAMOTO no Kiyohime, and nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)) of the Emperor Montoku.
Japanese: 藤原明子（ふじわらのあきらけいこ/めいし、天長6年（829年）-昌泰3年5月23日(旧暦)（900年6月22日））は、藤原良房と源潔姫の娘で文徳天皇の女御。
English: As her family home was the Seiwa-in Temple (commonly called "Somedono,") she was called Somedono no kisaki.
Japanese: 清和院（通称染殿）が里邸であったため、染殿后（そめどののきさき）とよばれた。
English: Within the year she became a nyogo (850), she gave birth to Imperial Prince Korehito, the later Emperor Seiwa.
Japanese: また、その年（850年）のうちに惟仁親王（のちの清和天皇）を出産する。
English: She was ranked as Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 853 and promoted to Juichii (Junior First Rank) in 858.
Japanese: 仁寿3年（853年）に従三位、天安(日本)2年（858年）には従一位に叙せられた。
English: She was given the title "Empress Dowager" by her own son, the Emperor Seiwa, and also the "Grand Empress Dowager" by her grand son, the Emperor Yozei.
Japanese: また、子の清和天皇からは「皇太后」、孫の陽成天皇からは「太皇太后」の号を贈られた。
English: It seems that she suffered from a kind of depression from around 865, which was implied in "Konjaku Monogatari (Shu)" (The Tale of Times Now Past) as she was annoyed by mononoke (evil spirits).
Japanese: また、貞観(日本)7年（865年）ごろから一種のうつ病のようなものにかかっていたらしく、それらしき記述（物の怪に悩まされる）が『今昔物語集』などに見られる。
English: Although it can be said that she was established with her aunt FUJIWARA no Nobuko and a cousin FUJIWARA no Takaiko as well the cornerstone of Sekkan (regent to the emperor) government of Yoshifusa, namely the Fujiwara family, she never wanted to go mainstream.
Japanese: 彼女は、叔母である藤原順子、従妹の藤原高子とともに良房の（ひいては藤原家の）摂関政治の礎を築いたともいえるが、自ら表に出ようとはしなかった。
English: Tsunemori KIKKAWA (1290-1358) was a bushi (samurai) of the Nanbokucho period (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts).
Japanese: 吉川経盛（きっかわつねもり、正応3年（1290年）－正平(日本)13年/延文3年（1358年））は南北朝時代(日本)の武士。
English: In 1333 when the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was ruined, the Kenmu restoration where the political center was the emperor began.
Japanese: 1333年に鎌倉幕府は滅亡し、天皇を中心とした建武の新政が始まった。
English: However, the direct administration of Emperor Godaigo failed and his administration was ruined because he adopted a package of anachronistic measures in sequence.
Japanese: しかし、時代錯誤の政策を次々と打ち出す後醍醐天皇の親政によって政権は崩壊。
English: In the turmoil after the collapse of the administration, in 1335, Tsunemori KIKKAWA was, for example, subjected to the Shugo (provincial constable), Nobutake TAKEDA and attacked the Yano-jo castle of Rengaku KUMAGAI who was on the side of the Southern Court.
Japanese: その後の騒乱において、1335年に吉川経盛は守護・武田信武に従い、南朝(日本)方・熊谷蓮覚の矢野城を攻撃するなどした。
English: Amid the mayhem of the conflicts between the Northern and the Southern courts, a cousin of Tsunemori KIKKAWA, Tsunekane KIKKAWA and his son, Tsunemi KIKKAWA became allegiant to the Southern Court.
Japanese: その南北朝の騒乱の最中、吉川経盛の従兄弟・吉川経兼とその子の吉川経見は南朝方に帰順。
English: When the Kanno Disturbance broke out, they took sides with Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and did not follow Tsunemori KIKKAWA who took sides with Takauji ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 観応の擾乱では足利直義方に味方して、足利尊氏方の吉川経盛には従わなかった。
English: The father and son of Tsunekane and Tsunemi were designated to Gonnokami of Suruga Province and Saemon no jo (third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) respectively due to the deserters at the battles by the Emperor Gomurakami of the Southern Court.
Japanese: 経兼・経見父子はその活躍により、南朝の後村上天皇により経兼は駿河権守、経見は左衛門尉の官位を与えられている。
English: The younger brother of Tsunemori KIKKAWA, Tsunenaga KIKKAWA also joined the side of the Southern Court and appeared at Mt. Senjo, Hoki Province with the order of Emperor Godaigo.
Japanese: また吉川経盛の弟・吉川経長も南朝方に参加し、後醍醐天皇の綸旨を奉じて、伯耆国船上山に参上している。
English: His son Sanetsune also participated in the punitive force with the migyosho (document for informing of decisions made by third or upper ranked authorities) of Yoshisada NITTA against the defeated army of Takauji ASHIKAGA who escaped to Kyushu.
Japanese: その子吉川実経も新田義貞の御教書を奉じて、九州へと敗走した足利尊氏方の残党討伐に参加している。
English: While Tsunemori had concerns about the selfish behavior of members of the clan, he gave away the reigns of the family to his legitimate heir, Tsuneaki KIKKAWA in 1350, and died of disease in 1358.
Japanese: 経盛は一族の身勝手な行動に憂慮し、1350年に嫡子の吉川経秋に家督を譲り、1358年に病死した。
English: Tadatoshi OOKA (1572 - September 8, 1600) was a Japanese military commander who lived in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 大岡忠俊（おおおかただとし、元亀3年（1572年）-慶長5年8月1日(旧暦)（1600年9月8日））は安土桃山時代の武将。
English: He served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA with his father, Tadamasa, and on September 8, 1600, he joined the Mototada TORII corps in the Battle of Fushimi-jo Castle (the Battle of Sekigahara), was besieged in Fushimi-jo Castle, and died in and attack by the West squad.
Japanese: 父・忠政とともに徳川家康へ仕え、慶長5年8月1日(旧暦)（1600年9月8日）、伏見城の戦い（関ヶ原の戦い）で鳥居元忠隊に属し、伏見城へ篭城し、西軍側の攻撃を受けて討ち死に。
English: Gisho (1404-April 13, 1441) was the son of the third seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 義昭（ぎしょう、応永11年（1404年）-嘉吉元年3月13日(旧暦)（1441年4月4日））は、室町幕府第3代征夷大将軍・足利義満の子。
English: To be distinguished from the last shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA (the same kanji 義昭, pronounced as Yoshiaki, are applied for both Gisho and Yoshiaki), he was also called Gisho DAIKAKUJI.
Japanese: 室町幕府最後の将軍である足利義昭（よしあき）と区別するために大覚寺義昭（だいかくじぎしょう）とも呼ばれている。
English: The mother is unknown, however, "Myohoin dono" thought to be a three-year old boy nurtured as an adopted child of Shigemitsu HINO in 1406 is thought to be the same person as Gisho when their ages are considered.
Japanese: 母親は不明だが、応永13年（1406年）に日野重光の養子として養育されていたとされる義満の3歳になる男子「妙法院殿」が年齢的に義昭と同一人物と考えられている。
English: As the Hino family was "gaiseki," maternal relatives for generations of the Ashikaga family positioned to accede to the shogunate, it is assumed that the real mother of Gisho was of a woman of a certain rank because Gisho became an adopted child of the Hino family.
Japanese: 日野家は代々足利将軍家の外戚であり、そこの養子とされたということより、実の母親もそれ相応の社会的地位を持っていた出自であったと推定されている。
English: Later, Gisho entered the priesthood at the Daikaku-ji Temple in 1414 and took part in a kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor) by Daisojo Shunson as an officiating monk in 1419, and was appointed to Toji choja in 1422 and 1427.
Japanese: その後、応永21年（1414年）に大覚寺に入って出家し、同26年（1419年）に大僧正俊尊を導師として灌頂を受け、応永29年（1422年）と34年（1427年）に東寺長者に補任されている。
English: In 1428, however, the next year of the Gisho's second appointment as Toji choja, the sixth shogun had to be chosen from the sons of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: ところが2度目の東寺長者補任の翌年である正長35年（1428年）、足利義満の子のうちより第6代将軍を選出することになる。
English: The circumstances around the sons of Yoshimitsu including Gisho became frantic, and Shoren-in Monzeki Gien (head priest of Shoren-in temple) (Yoshinori ASHIKAGA), a half brother of Gisho who was older than Gisho by 11 years was finally chosen as the sixth shogun.
Japanese: このため、義昭も含めて義満の子供達の周辺の動向は慌しくなるが、選ばれたのは11歳年長の異母兄である青蓮院門跡義円（足利義教）であった。
English: While Yoshinori tried to reconstruct the Muromachi bakufu shogunate, he was very suspicious and a lot of kuge (court nobles) and Buke (samurais) were punished or killed for minor reasons.
Japanese: 義教は幕府権力再建に尽力したが、一方で猜疑心も強く、些細な理由で処罰されたり殺害されたりする武家や公家が相次いだ。
English: In 1434, the legal son of Shigemitsu HINO, the adoptive father of Gisho was killed under suspicion of treason for the reason that his real sister and a concubine of Yoshinori gave birth to a baby boy (the next seventh shogun, Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA).
Japanese: 永享6年（1434年）には、義昭の養父・日野重光の嫡男である日野義資が義教の側室である実妹の日野重子が男子（後の第7代将軍足利義勝）を生んだことを理由に謀叛の疑いをかけられて処刑されたのである。
English: Among these circumstances, the custom of the visits and invocations by Daikakuji monseki at Muromachi-dono, since the era of Yoshimitsu, discontinued, and the relationship between Gisho and Yoshinori gradually became estranged.
Japanese: そのような中で義満時代以来恒例であった大覚寺門跡が室町殿を訪れて祈祷を行う慣例が途絶え、義昭と義教の仲は次第に疎遠となっていった。
English: Before the dawn of August 21, 1437, Gisho secretly escaped from Daikaku-ji temple and disappeared.
Japanese: 永享9年7月11日(旧暦)（1437年8月12日）未明、義昭は秘かに大覚寺を出奔して行方不明となった。
English: The heads of the shogunate including Yoshinori thought that because Daikaku-ji was a temple that had a relationship with the Southern Court and further, Kogakubo, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA was clearly anti-shogunate, Gisho escaped while allied with either of them, and the shogunate ordered to search for Gisho elsewhere across the Kinai area.
Japanese: 義教以下幕府首脳は大覚寺が南朝(日本)ゆかりの寺院であり、更に古河公方足利持氏も反幕府の動きを見せていたことから、義昭はそのどちらかと結んで出奔したと判断して畿内各地で捜索を開始した。
English: In the next month, a rumor that Gisho returned to secular life and raised an army in Yoshino reached the shogunate, and the shogunate dispatched a punitive force to the Yamato Province in April of the next year (1438), and the monks of Daikaku-ji temple and the Yamana clan's former retainers who resisted in Yoshino were defeated in September.
Japanese: 翌月には義昭が吉野で還俗して挙兵したという情報が入り、翌永享10年（1438年）3月には大和国に討伐軍が派遣されて、9月には吉野で反抗していた大覚寺の僧侶と山名氏旧臣が討たれた。
English: Although some call this incident "Daikaku-ji Gisho no ran" (The rebel of Daikaku-ji Gisho), actually, there is no evidence that Gisho stayed at Yoshino during the time of the turmoil and Gisho was among those who raised army against the shogunate, and the fact was that only a rumor spread.
Japanese: これを「大覚寺義昭の乱」と呼ぶ場合もあるが、実際のところは一連の騒動の期間に義昭が吉野に滞在していた証拠は勿論、挙兵の中に義昭当人がいることを確認した者も存在せず、あくまでも風説の独り歩きでしかなかった。
English: Further, There were no factors in Gisho's behavior revealing that he had a relationship with the Southern Court or Kamakura Bakufu, and it is possible to interpret his behavior that he was only scared of Yoshinori's purge and escaped the temple before it happened.
Japanese: また、その後の義昭の行動にも南朝や鎌倉府との関係を示す要素は残されておらず、単に義教から粛清されるのを恐れて先に出奔して姿を晦ましただけとも解釈可能である。
English: And when considering the relationship of Daikaku-ji temple and the Southern Court, there is a great possibility that monks of the Daikaku-ji cooperated with Gonancho (Second Southern Court) and the Kitabatake clan who advocated the reconstruction of the Southern Court, raised an army without Gisho (or only using the name of Gisho), so whether the rebels really had something to do with Gisho was quite doubtful.
Japanese: 更に大覚寺と南朝の関係を考えた場合、義昭とは無関係に（あるいは名前だけ使って）大覚寺の僧侶が南朝再興を目指す後南朝や北畠氏などと連携して挙兵に及ぶ可能性は十分考えられることから、この挙兵が本当に義昭と関係あるかどうかはハッキリとしないのである。