nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period) Sagi-ritsu (rules against falsity) prescribes that the person who made a statement different from the fact in the preparation of an imperial decree or soji (reports to be submitted to the emperor through Daijokan [Grand Council of State]) and josho (letters and/or documents to be submitted to the emperor) is sentenced 2-year imprisonment, and also it is stated as one of serious crimes in "Hossoshiyosho" (The Essentials for the Judiciary) (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) which describes the kugeho (court noble law, laws issued by the imperial court) at the end of Heian period.
Japanese: 養老律令詐偽律には、詔の作成や奏事・上書において事実と異なることを行った者を徒罪2年とするとされ、平安時代末期の公家法を伝える『法曹至要抄』でも重罪の1つとして説かれている。
English: In the Middle Ages it changed to the punishment for the similar crime by the bukeho (samurai law) to sentence the person who made a false statement to a legal institution which was an agent of the Emperor or Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 中世武家法においては転じて、天皇・征夷大将軍の代理である訴訟機関に対して虚偽の陳述を行った者もこの罪で処せられた。
English: Umaya no himemiko (date of birth and death unknown) was the eighth child (fourth princess) between Prince Shotoku and Kashiwadenominoiratsume.
Japanese: 馬屋古女王（うまやこのひめみこ、生没年不詳）は、聖徳太子と膳部菩岐々美郎女の第8子（第4王女）。
English: Before she was born, her father, Emperor Ninken escaped and hid himself because her paternal grandfather, Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano, was murdered by Emperor Yuryaku, who was her maternal grandfather.
Japanese: 彼女が生まれる以前、彼女の母方の祖父である雄略天皇により、父方の祖父である市辺押磐皇子が殺されたため、父の仁賢天皇は逃亡して身を隠していた。
English: Afterwards, since Emperor Seinei who was the Imperial prince of Emperor Yuryaku did not have children, her father, Emperor Ninken was received by the Imperial court, and was enthroned.
Japanese: その後雄略天皇の皇子の清寧天皇が子を成さなかった為、父の仁賢天皇は宮中に迎えられ即位した。
English: Later, Emperor Ninken who had collateral lineage, received Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko who was the Imperial princess of his enemy Emperor Yuryaku, as his empress, and ironically, the imperial lines that have been split into two since the times of his grandfathers were, unexpectedly, unified.
Japanese: その後傍系であった仁賢天皇は、父親の仇である雄略天皇の皇女の春日大娘皇女を皇后に迎え入れ、皮肉な事に奇しくも祖父同士の代から二つに分かれていた皇統が一つになった。
English: As an emperor of having genealogy of the two imperial lines and being the only son, Emperor Buretsu was supposed to maintain the imperial line, but he died young without having children.
Japanese: しかし二つの皇統の血筋を持ち、尚且つ唯一の男子である武烈天皇により皇統が維持される筈であったが、武烈天皇は子を成さず若くして崩御してしまった。
English: For this reason, Odoo (Emperor Keitai) that had remote collateral lineage, who was the grandson of the fifth generation of Emperor Ojin, was received from Echizen Province.
Japanese: その為、越前から応神天皇5世孫である遠い傍系皇族の男大迹王(継体天皇)が招かれた。
English: It is regarded that the reason for Princess Tashiraka becoming an empress to Emperor Keitai was largely due to political reasons that were to bring legitimacy to an Emperor of collateral lineage such was as her mother, Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko.
Japanese: 手白香皇女が継体天皇の皇后となった理由として、母である春日大娘皇女と同じく傍系天皇の正当性を立てるための政略的な要因が大きかったと考えられている。
English: In other words, Emperor Keitai who had quiet a remote collateral lineage, displayed his legitimacy in a kind of irimuko (man who takes his wife's premarital family name) by making Princess Tashiraka as his empress, who was the younger sister of the former emperor with the right genealogy.
Japanese: つまりあまりにも遠い傍系である継体天皇は、先代天皇の妹で正当な血筋を持つ手白香皇女を皇后にする事により、一種の入り婿という形で正当性を誇示したという事である。
English: For that fact, before Emperor Keitai came to Yamato, he had many consorts and had many children where he lived, and Amekunioshiharakihironiha no mikoto (the later Emperor Kinmei) who was a prince born to Princess Tashiraka was decided unofficially as the legitimate successor.
Japanese: その根拠に継体天皇は大和に入る以前、現地で複数の妃を持ち沢山の子がいたが、手白香皇女との皇子である天国排開広庭尊(後の欽明天皇)が正当な継承者として内定していた。
English: Thus, Emperor Kinmei, who was born to Emperor Keitai and Princess Tashiraka, became the ancestor of the Imperial Family which continues for long up till now.
Japanese: かくして継体天皇と手白香皇女との間に生まれた欽明天皇が、長く現在まで続く天皇家の祖となった。
English: The presence of Princess Tashiraka was strong, for it was she who saved the crisis of Imperial lineage, and although not in the male line, handed down the direct lineage.
Japanese: 皇統の危機を救い、男系ではないものの、直系の血筋を後世に受け継がせた手白香皇女の存在は非常に大きかったといえる。
English: Iwashiro OE (1744-January 11, 1813) was a member of Japan's Imperial Family.
Japanese: 大江磐代（おおえいわしろ、延享元年（1744年）-文化(元号)9年12月9日(旧暦)（1813年1月11日））は、日本の皇族。
English: She was born in Kurayoshi, Hoki Province (Kurayoshi City, Tottori Prefecture) in 1744 to her father, Soken IWAMURO who was a vassal of the Arao clan, a family of chief retainers of the Tottori Domain, and her mother, Orin who was a daughter of an iron wholesaler.
Japanese: 延享元年（1744年）に伯耆国倉吉（鳥取県倉吉市）で、鳥取藩の家老荒尾氏の家臣だった父・岩室宗賢と、鉄問屋の娘であった母・おりんとの間に生まれる。
English: She move to Kyoto at the age of nine, with her father, Soken, who had become a masterless samurai then became a town doctor.
Japanese: 9歳のときに浪人して町医者となっていた父・宗賢とともに京都に上がる。
English: After those stories including being adopted to and served the Kushige family, she took the name of the Tachibana clan in her teens, then as 'Tomeko OE,' she became a lady in waiting of the Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Fusako.
Japanese: 養女となり櫛笥家に仕えるなどの経緯をへて、十代のころには橘氏を名乗り「大江留子」として籌宮成子内親王の侍女となった。
English: Then, after the Imperial Princess Fusako married the Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Sukehito, Iwashiro also received his favor as a Nyobo and gave birth to three princes.
Japanese: その後、成子内親王が閑院宮典仁親王に嫁ぐと磐代も女房として親王の寵愛を受け、三人の皇子をもうけた。
English: Her oldest and the Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Sukehito's sixth son, the Imperial Prince Morohito, ascended the throne, taking the sonless Emperor Gomomozono's first Princess, the Imperial Princess Yoshiko as the empress.
Japanese: その長男で閑院宮典仁親王第六王子・師仁親王は、皇子のいなかった後桃園天皇の第一皇女・欣子内親王を中宮に迎え即位した。
English: After the Prince Sukehito passed away, she entered priesthood and became Renjoin, lived with her second son priestly Imperial Prince Einin, the seventh prince of the Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Sukehito, who had succeeded to the headship of the Shogoin family of monzeki (imperial priests).
Japanese: 典仁親王没後は出家して蓮上院となり、次男で聖護院門跡宮家を継いでいた閑院宮典仁親王第七王子・盈仁入道親王のもとで暮らした。
English: Kotaifujin (also called Sumemioya) means a person who was the biological mother of an Emperor and consort of the previous Emperor.
Japanese: 皇太夫人(こうたいふじん・すめみおや)とは、天皇の生母で、前天皇の夫人であった人をさす。
English: This title was given to distinguish Kotaifujin from Kotaigo 'Emperor's mother and dowager' and Kotaihi 'Emperor's mother and wife of Imperial member' before Emperor Daigo.
Japanese: 醍醐天皇より前には、皇太后を「帝の母で后｣、皇太妃を「帝の母で妃」と称したのに対しこう呼ばれた。
English: Kotaihi means a person who was the biological mother of an Emperor and the wife of the previous Emperor.
Japanese: 皇太妃(こうたいひ)とは、天皇の生母で、前天皇の妃であった人の呼称。
English: Sandai-Kyaku-Shiki is a term used to collectively refer to three Kyaku-Shiki acts (laws supplementary to the Ritsu-ryo, which were the statutes of the Nara and Heian periods) that were codified during the Heian era: the Konin-Kyaku-Shiki Act, the Jogan-Kyaku-Shiki Act and the Engi-Kyaku-Shiki Act.
Japanese: 三代格式（さんだいきゃくしき）とは平安時代に編纂された弘仁格式、貞観格式、延喜格式の三つの格式(きゃくしき、律令の補助法令)の総称である。
English: Although codification of the above acts began in the Konin, Jogan (the era name in Japan) and Engi eras, respectively, they were in fact completed in later eras.
Japanese: なお、弘仁・貞観_(日本)・延喜とは、それぞれの格式が編纂された年代の元号であるが、実際の完成には時間がかかっている。
English: The Konin-Kyaku-Shiki Act was codified by FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu by order of the Emperor Saga, the Jogan-Kyaku-Shiki Act was codified by FUJIWARA no Ujimune by order of the Emperor Seiwa and the Engi-Kyaku-Shiki Act was codified by FUJIWARA no Tokihira by order of Emperor Daigo.
Japanese: 弘仁格式は嵯峨天皇が藤原冬嗣に、貞観格式は清和天皇が藤原氏宗に、延喜格式は醍醐天皇が藤原時平に、それぞれ命じて編纂させたものである。
English: The Kyaku Code codified the various social statuses that had existed between the years 701 and 819.
Japanese: 701年(大宝元年)から819年(弘仁10年)の間の格を編纂したもの。
English: The Shiki Code was codified between the years 701 and 819.
Japanese: 701年(大宝元年)から819年(弘仁10年)の間の式を編纂したもの。
English: Otanike (Otani family) is the yago (literally, the "house name") of the descendants of Kakue, a son of Hirotsuna HINO and Kakushin-ni.
Japanese: 大谷家（おおたにけ）は、覚信尼と日野広綱の間の息子覚恵の子孫の家号である。
English: Hirotsuna HINO was a low-ranking court noble in Kyoto and Kakushin-ni was the daughter of Shinran, the hereditary monshu (head of a Buddhist sect) and honshu (chief priest) of the Hongan-ji Temple (the largest school of the Jodo Shinshu sect of Buddhism).
Japanese: 日野広綱は京都の下級公家、覚信尼は浄土真宗の多数派である本願寺の門主（法主）を世襲した親鸞の娘である。
English: Subsequent to the establishment of the Myojihissho system (which required people to adopt surnames) in the Meiji period, the kancho of the Honganji school of the Jodo Shinshu sect (Nishi Hongan-ji Temple) and the kancho of the Otani school of the Shinshu sect (Shunshu-honbyo Mausoleum), which was established when the Hongan-ji was split in two in 1602, both adopted Otani as their surname.
Japanese: 明治時代に名字必称となると、浄土真宗本願寺派（西本願寺）の管長と、1602年に分かれた真宗大谷派（真宗本廟）の管長がともに姓とした。
English: The Otani surname comes from the fact that the Byodo Mausoleum of Shinran (as mentioned below) was settled on the land of Otani of Kitamon, the north gate of Chionin in Higashiyama, Kyoto.
Japanese: 大谷姓の由来は、後述する親鸞の廟堂が京都東山知恩院北門の大谷の地に定められたことによる。
English: As for the Chinese character used to refer to Otani, "大谷," a different character "豅" was once used, and later Hongan-ji Temple used the Chinese character "豅山 (Otanizan) as "Sango."
Japanese: 大谷は「豅」の字が充てられたこともあったが、後に本願寺は「豅山」（おおたにざん）を山号とした。
English: Interestingly, Hongan-ji Temple is counted among the warlords because it gained power equivalent to that of a warlord with the expansion of Ikko-ikki during the Sengoku period (Japan), and sometimes "Kennyo HONGANJI" or "Kosa HONGANJI" is used for Homyo (the Jodo Shinshu sect) of the monshu (chief priest) or for Imina with "Honganji" being prefixed; however, it is used simply for the convenience of naming, as the family line of the monshu, the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, never used Honganji as a last name or surname and there was no clan called Honganji.
Japanese: 本願寺は戦国時代(日本)には一向一揆の広がりのもとで戦国大名に伍する勢力をもったことから、戦国大名のひとつに数えられ、また門主の法名(浄土真宗)や諱に本願寺を冠して「本願寺顕如」、「本願寺光佐」というように呼ぶことがしばしばあるがあくまで呼称の便宜上であり、本願寺門主の家系が本願寺を家の名字・姓としたわけでも、本願寺氏という氏が存在したわけでもない。
English: Kakushin-ni was by Shinran's bedside when he died in 1262; and in 1272 he built Do, a temple building, to house his remains in Otani near Shinran's house in Higashiyama, Kyoto.
Japanese: 覚信尼は、1262年に親鸞が亡くなったとき臨終を看取り、1272年に京都東山の自宅の近くの大谷に遺骸を納める堂を建てた。
English: The Do temple building became Otani-byodo Mausoleum, a site respected and worshiped by followers of the Jodo Shinshu sect as the Mausoleum of Shinran, which led to its administration as a position of caretaker by Kakue, the eldest son of Kakushin-ni.
Japanese: 大谷の堂は親鸞の廟として浄土真宗の門徒の尊崇を集める大谷廟堂となり、覚信尼の長男である覚恵が留守職としてその管理を行うこととなった。
English: However, because Otani-byodo Mausoleum drew pilgrimages and donations from various provinces, Kakue's child Kakunyo and Kakue's younger brother by a different father, Yuizen, started to fight for the position of caretaker; resulting in the narrow victory of Kakunyo, and therefore Kakunyo established the hereditary position of caretaker based on Kakunyo's family blood.
Japanese: ところが、大谷廟堂は諸国の門徒の参詣と寄進を集めることから、のちに留守職をめぐって覚恵の子覚如と、覚恵の異父弟唯善との間で争いとなり、覚如が辛うじて勝利して自己の家系による留守職の世襲を確立した。
English: Thereafter, Hongan-ji Temple, inherited by the descendants of Kakunyo, proceeded to the formation of the Honganji Buddhist sect, the influence of which expanded to the Hokuriku region via the fifth generation (Shakunyo) and the seventh generation (Zonnyo); the Honganji Buddhist sect was formed in Kaga-no-kuni, Noto-no-kuni, Echizen-no-kuni, Omi-no-kuni, and so on.
Japanese: 以来、覚如の子孫が継承した本願寺は教団の形成を進め、室町時代の第5代綽如のとき北陸地方へと進出、第7代存如の時代までに加賀国、能登国、越前国、近江国などで本願寺教団が形成されていった。
English: However, the Honganji Buddhist sect was founded much later than the Buddhist sects founded by other schools of the Jodo Shinshu sect following Shinran's death, and Hongan-ji Temple was still considered a branch temple of Shorenin at the beginning of the Muromachi period; it is said that because of their ties with the Hino family (Shinran's family), the Otani Family performed similar management duties to those performed by the Kujo Family.
Japanese: だが、親鸞死後より教団形成に努めてきた他の浄土真宗の系統に比べて教団形成は大きく出遅れ、室町時代前期の本願寺は青蓮院の末寺とされ、大谷家としては日野家（親鸞の実家）の縁で九条家の家司に准じた事も行っていたと言われている。
English: Early in the latter half of the fifteenth century, the Honganji Buddhist sect expanded across Japan through the activities of Rennyo, who became the eighth-generation monshu (chief priest); however, in 1465 the monshu was expelled from Otani Honganji Temple and moved to Yoshizaki, in Echizen, then to the Yamashina ward in the suburbs of Kyoto.
Japanese: 15世紀後半に入ると、第8代門主となった蓮如の活動によって本願寺教団は日本全国へと広がるが、1465年に大谷本願寺を破却されて門主は越前の吉崎、ついで京都郊外の山科区に移った。
English: In Kaga, against the backdrop of the power expansion of the Honganji Buddhist sect in the generation of Rennyo, Kaga Ikko-ikki occurred in 1488 and the Honganji Buddhist sect in Kaga expelled the Shugo Togashi clan, with the result that Kaga was called "a country ruled by peasants."
Japanese: 加賀では蓮如の代の教勢拡大を背景に、1488年に加賀一向一揆が起こり、加賀の本願寺教団は守護の富樫氏を追い、「百姓の治める国」といわれる状況が生まれることになる。
English: For about 100 years up to 1580, Kaga had been a country where the Ikkoshu sect ruled.
Japanese: 1580年までのおよそ百年間、一向宗が治める国となってしまうほどであった。
English: Following the dawn of the sixteenth century, amid the turmoil of Sengoku, the Honganji Buddhist sect engaged its activities in various regions in Japan using its power of organization, which was constituted by petty peasants up to samurai hierarchy such as the local samurai, the local ruling families and so on; however, in 1532 Yamashina Honganji Temple suffered damage due to the Tenbun-hokke-no-ran War, and therefore the tenth generation (Shonyo) moved to Ishiyama Gobo, which was opened in Nishinari-gun, Settsu-no-kuni (currently Osaka City) by Rennyo, which became Ishiyama Honganji Temple.
Japanese: 16世紀に入ると、戦国の動乱の中で、本願寺教団は零細な農民から地侍、土豪などの武士階層に至るその組織力を武器に日本各地で活動を活発化させるが、山科本願寺は天文法華の乱により1532年に戦災にあい、第10代証如は摂津国西成郡（現在の大阪市）に蓮如が開いた石山御坊へと移り、石山本願寺とする。
English: Shonto promoted closer ties with feudal lords, the shogunate, and the imperial court so as to stabilize the power base of the Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 石山本願寺を本拠地として、証如は諸大名や幕府、朝廷との緊密化を図り、本願寺の勢力基盤を安定させた。
English: On the other hand, from the end of Shonyo's period the Honganji Buddhist sect in regions like Hokuriku started to become something of a maverick, escaping from the control of Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: 一方で、証如の時代の末期から、北陸をはじめとする地方の本願寺教団では、本願寺の統制を外れて独自路線を歩む者もあらわれつつあった。
English: At the period of the eleventh generation, Kennyo, who was a child of Shonyo, the Honganji Buddhist sect that became a virtually independent feudal lordship, expanded its influence into Kinai, which led to the confrontation with Nobunaga ODA, who tried to establish unified control by seizing seigniory from the religious power.
Japanese: 証如の子、第11代顕如のとき、事実上、自立した大名権力となっていた本願寺教団は、畿内に進出し、宗教勢力から領主権力を奪って統一支配を確立しようとする織田信長と対立することとなった。
English: The conflict between Hongan-ji Temple and the Oda clan, which began in 1570 and lasted over ten years as the so-called Ishiyama War, burdened Nobunaga heavily, since Hongan-ji Temple had gained the upper hand through the coalition between Kennyo and others who had entrenched themselves in the fortified Ishiyama Honganji Temple, and Hongan-ji Temple followers who carried on a resistance movement against the Oda clan in various regions.
Japanese: 1570年から十年にわたって続いた本願寺と織田氏の抗争、いわゆる石山戦争は、要塞化された石山本願寺に立て篭もる顕如らと、各地で織田氏への抵抗運動を繰り広げる本願寺門徒との連携によって本願寺が優勢に立ち、信長を大いに苦しめることとなる。
English: However, in 1574 Gansho-ji Temple in Nagashima-cho, Ise-no-kuni (Mie Prefecture) was destroyed by the Oda clan and the resistance movements in various regions settled as Ikko-ikki, which recovered Echizen from the Oda clan, were destroyed in 1575; and the navy of the Mori clan, which was allied with Hongan-ji Temple in Kizugawa-no kassen, was defeated by the navy of the Oda clan in 1578, assuming the defeat of Hongan-ji Temple in various places other than the premises of Hongan-ji Temple.
Japanese: しかし、1574年には伊勢国長島町(三重県)の願證寺が織田氏によって滅ぼされ、1575年に越前を織田氏から奪還した一向一揆が覆滅されるなど各地の抵抗がそがれ、1578年には木津川の合戦で本願寺と同盟する毛利氏の水軍が織田水軍に敗れるなど、本願寺の外では敗北を重ねていった。
English: Hongan-ji Temple retained its predominance by gaining support from Saikashu, but gradually it was isolated in the midst of enemies, ultimately succumbing to Nobunaga, who withdrew imperial command from the Emperor Ogimachi and left Ishiyama Honganji Temple in 1580, whereby Hongan-ji Temple as seigniory was extinguished.
Japanese: 本願寺は依然として雑賀衆などの支援を集めつつ強勢を保ったが、次第に敵中に孤立していき、1580年、ついに正親町天皇の勅命を引き出した信長に屈して石山本願寺を退去し、領主権力としての本願寺は消滅した。
English: At that time Kyonyo, who was the eldest child of Kennyo and insisted on continuing the resistance despite the intentions of Kennyo, had a falling out with Kennyo, and when Kennyo died in 1593, the third son Junnyo was welcomed as the successor.
Japanese: このとき顕如の意向に反して抵抗を続けることを主張した長子教如と顕如は仲違いし、1593年に顕如が示寂すると、三男の准如が後継者に立てられた。
English: This incident was the starting point of the path of schism over the position of the monshu (chief priest) of Hongan-ji Temple, and in 1602 Ieyasu TOKUGAWA split Hongan-ji Temple by giving Kyonyo a temple and land for Higashi Hongan-ji Temple, which was thus separated from Junnyo's Honganji Buddhist Sect.
Japanese: これより門主の座をめぐって本願寺は分裂の道を歩み始め、1602年に徳川家康が教如に准如の本願寺教団と別の寺地を与えて東本願寺を分立させた。
English: At this point numerous followers moved from Junnyo's Buddhist sect, which became Nishi (West) Hongan-ji Temple, to Kyonyo's Higashi Hongan-ji Temple, whereby Hongan-ji Temple was split into eastern and western factions.
Japanese: このとき、西本願寺となった准如の教団から東本願寺の教如のもとに移る門徒が多くあらわれ､本願寺は東西に分裂した。
English: There was a custom developed over generations that both the eastern and western family heads of the Otani Family's having lineage from Shinran, who was a son of the court noble Arinori HINO, and Hirotsuna HINO (Kakunyo's father) were adopted by influential court nobles; consequently, both the Otani families have increasingly been related to court nobles considering the maternal line, since they kept marriages with court nobles over generations.
Japanese: もともと公家の日野有範の子息である親鸞と、日野広綱（覚如の父）の血統を引く東西両大谷家当主は、代々有力公家の猶子になる慣習があり、また、代々公家と通婚を続けており母系によっても公家化が進んでいった。
English: In view of the above-mentioned facts, both of the Otani families were listed as new members of the nobility and entitled to hold the position of Hakushaku (roughly equivalent to a count or countess in English) after the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: このような経緯から明治維新後、両大谷家は華族に列し、ともに伯爵を授けられた。
English: It is believed that the Matsunaga clan originated from Shinzei, the sixteenth generation from the ancestor TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, who had become a Kokushi official of Wakasa-no-kuni and therefore called himself Matsunaga KI, after Matsunaga no sho, the domain of Onyu, in Wakasa-no-kuni.
Japanese: 松永氏は祖先の武内宿禰から16世の孫真済が若狭国国司となり、同国遠敷郡松永荘より紀松永と称したことに始まるとされる。
English: This means that the Matsunaga clan is descended from the Ki clan, but the warlords of the Matsunaga clan referred to themselves as being descended from the Fujiwara clan or the Genji (Gen clan).
Japanese: これによると紀氏の流れということになるが、戦国大名の松永氏は藤原氏または源氏を自称している。
English: The Matsunaga clan was a family of feudal lords whose originator was Hisahide MATSUNAGA, a Kanyu (crafty hero) from a period of troublesome times, but even the specifics of Hisahide's place of origin are not known.
Japanese: 乱世における一代の奸雄・松永久秀を祖とする大名家であるが、この久秀は出自すら詳しくわかっていない。
English: However, recent study has brought forth Iwashimizu Hachimangu in Yamashiro-no-kuni as the widely accepted theory, and from this theory there comes another theory that Dosan SAITO, who was also from Yamashiro and had assumed control of Mino-no-kuni, was an old friend of Hisahide.
Japanese: ただ、近年の研究から山城国の石清水八幡宮近辺が有力説として上がり、そのために同じ山城出身の美濃国を乗っ取った斎藤道三と旧知の間柄にあったという説まで存在する。
English: Hisahide excelled at military strategy and fortification, and, as is apparent from the fact that in 1560, although he was still a vavasor, he (including his master's house) was appointed as a shobanshu (an official who accompanies the shogun) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); thus the Matsunaga clan had come a long way, thanks to Hisahide's excellent abilities.
Japanese: 軍事面や築城に優れ、1560年には陪臣の身でありながら主家同様に室町幕府の御相伴衆にまで列せられているのを見てもわかるように、松永氏は久秀の優秀な能力において成長を遂げていったのである。
English: However, it is a widely accepted theory that the sudden death of Chokei's younger brother Kazumasa SOGO in 1561 and the death of Chokei's son Yoshioki MIYOSHI in 1563 were the results of poisoning by Hisahide.
Japanese: しかし1561年の長慶の弟・十河一存の急死や1563年の長慶の子・三好義興の死は、久秀の毒殺説が有力である。
English: At the very least the death of Chokei's younger brother Fuyuyasu ATAGI in 1564 is attributed as murder, as the end result of Hisahide's slander against Chokei; moreover, it appears that Hisahide was trying to take over the Miyoshi clan.
Japanese: 少なくとも、1564年の長慶の弟・安宅冬康の死は久秀が長慶に讒言して殺させたものであり、久秀はどうも三好氏の乗っ取りを企んでいたようである。
English: During the same year Chokei also died of an illness, which led to the weakening of the Miyoshi clan, and in 1565 Hisahide murdered Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the Shogun of the period, in an attempt to gain the hegemony in Kinai.
Japanese: 同年、長慶も病死して三好氏が弱体化すると久秀は畿内における覇権を握ろうと1565年、時の将軍・足利義輝を殺害する。
English: While being opposed to Nagayasu MIYOSHI, Tomomichi IWANARI and Masayasu MIYOSHI, Hisahide for a while gained the hegemony in Kinai, which lead to the full blossoming of the Matsunaga clan; however, in 1568, when Nobunaga ODA came to Kyoto in support of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Yoshiteru's younger brother, since Hisahide noticed Nobunaga's excellent caliber and overwhelming military power, Hisahide presented a fine art work--a tsukumonasu (Chinese tea caddy)--to Nobunaga as a sign that he would yield, and thus he became Nobunaga's vassal.
Japanese: そして三好三人衆と対立しながらも一時は畿内における覇権を掌握し、松永氏の最盛期を築き上げたが、1568年、織田信長が義輝の弟・足利義昭を奉じて上洛してくると、信長の優れた器量と圧倒的軍事力を知って、名器・九十九髪茄子を信長に献上して降伏し、信長の家臣となっている。
English: However, when Nobunaga became opposed to Yoshiaki and faced a predicament because a military cordon around Nobunaga had been organized, Hisahide betrayed Nobunaga.
Japanese: しかし久秀は、信長が義昭と対立して信長包囲網が敷かれて窮地に陥ると、これに背いている。
English: However, at this time various negative factors, such as the death of Shingen TAKEDA and the downfall of Muromachi bakufu, compelled Hisahide surrender to Nobunaga ODA at the end of 1573.
Japanese: しかしこのときは武田信玄の死や室町幕府の滅亡など悪条件が重なって、1573年末に織田信長に降伏している。
English: In 1577, in response to Kenshin UESUGI's invasion of Noto-no-kuni and Kaga-no-kuni, Hisahide raised a rebellion again and was shut up within Shigisan Castle.
Japanese: そして1577年、上杉謙信の能登国・加賀国侵攻に呼応して、再び謀反を起こし信貴山城に立て籠もる。
English: However, because the Oda army had power to spare--despite the defeat by Kenshin UESUGI in the Battle of the Tetori River--Hisahide was soon driven into a corner by the Oda army, which used the strategy of defeat one by one.
Japanese: しかし、織田軍は手取川の戦いで上杉謙信に敗北していたものの十分な余力を残していたため、久秀は各個撃破の戦略を採った織田軍にあえなく追い詰められた。
English: At that time, Hisahide's heir, Hisamichi MATSUNAGA also killed himself, which resulted in the complete downfall of the Matsunaga clan.
Japanese: このとき、久秀の嫡男・松永久通も自害して、戦国大名としての松永氏は完全に滅亡した。
English: However, it is said that Hisahide's son, Nagatane MATSUNAGA, who ultimately became a priest and led a wandering life, survived, and that his son Teitoku MATSUNAGA left his name to posterity as a Haiku poet.
Japanese: だが、出家して放浪中であった久秀の息子松永永種が生き残り、その息子である松永貞徳は俳人として名を残したという。
English: There was also a Confucianist whose name was Kokka MATSUNAGA in the domain of Owari, and he too was considered a descendant.
Japanese: なお、尾張藩に松永国華という儒学者もいたが、この人物も子孫とされている。
English: The Rokkaku clan was a samurai family (shugo guar feudal lord) descended from the Sasaki clan of Uda-Genji (Uda-Gen clan) and whose influence was centered in the southern part of Omi-no-kuni from the Kamakura era through the Sengoku period (Japan).
Japanese: 六角氏（ろっかくし）は宇多源氏佐々木氏の流れを汲む、鎌倉時代から戦国時代(日本)にかけて近江国南部を中心に勢力を持った武家（守護大名）。