nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Odawara Castle was a firm castle, which Kenshin UESUGI and Shingen TAKEDA could not capture, but it was powerless in front of surrounding troops which had no possible reason to withdraw in that season.
Japanese: 小田原城は、上杉謙信や武田信玄も落とせなかった堅城だが、季節的な理由で撤兵する可能性のない包囲軍の前では無力であった。
English: Ujimasa and Ujiteru HOJO committed Seppuku and Ujinao was exiled to Mt.Kouyasan in Kii (Conquest of Odawara).
Japanese: 氏政・北条氏照は切腹し、氏直は紀伊の高野山に追放された（小田原征伐）。
English: However, like DATE clan who Hideyoshi forced to subdue, there remained warlords who could kept military force because they were not defeated military.
Japanese: しかし、臣従させた伊達氏のように、軍事的な殲滅の対象とならなかった諸大名が残っていたことにより、諸大名は軍事力を温存することができていた。
English: In 1591 Hideyoshi ceded Kanpaku position and family estate to his nephew Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, and became to be called Taiko (honorific title of former Kanpaku).
Japanese: 天正19年（1591年）には関白及び家督を甥・豊臣秀次に譲り、太閤（前関白の尊称）と呼ばれるようになる。
English: Hidetsugu seems to succeed TOYOTOMI clan; it seems to be reasonable to think that Hidetsugu succeeded a family estate once, but was disinherited later.
Japanese: 豊臣氏を継いだのは秀次と思われ、秀次は家督を相続したが廃嫡されたと考えるのが妥当と思われる。
English: Strictly saying, it seems that Hideyori's surname had remained HASHIBA during his all life because he was neither assigned to be Kanpaku nor the head of a family.
Japanese: また厳密には秀頼は関白宣下も氏長者にもなっていないので、生涯を羽柴姓で通したと思われる。
English: His surname was TOYOTOMI; but it seems that he was forbidden to use it officially without assignment of Kanpaku.
Japanese: 本姓は豊臣姓であるが、おそらく、関白宣下を受けなければ公式に豊臣姓を名乗ることを禁じられたのではないか？
English: Although Oribe FURUTA, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA and other disciples asked Hideyoshi to spare Rikyu's life, Rikyu committed Seppuku and died; and his head was displayed at Ichijo-modoribashi Bridge.
Japanese: 利休の弟子の古田織部、細川忠興らの助命嘆願も空しく、利休は切腹して果て、首が一条戻橋で晒された。
English: In the same year Masazane KUNOHE, one of NAMBU clan in Tohoku region, rose in revolt, triggered by an entanglement on succession race.
Japanese: この年、東北の南部氏一族、九戸政実が後継者争いのもつれから反乱を起こす。
English: As a reaction to request for help from Nobunao NAMBU, Hideyoshi dispatched punitive force against KUNOHE, composed by Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, a commander in chief, Ujisato GAMOU, Nagamasa ASANO and Mitsunari ISHIDA.
Japanese: 秀吉は南部信直の救援依頼に対し、豊臣秀次を総大将とした蒲生氏郷・浅野長政・石田三成を主力とする九戸討伐軍を派遣。
English: In 1592 Hideyoshi sent 160,000 troops to Joseon Dynasty (Bunroku Keicho no eki).
Japanese: 文禄元年（1592年）、16万の軍勢を李氏朝鮮に出兵した（文禄・慶長の役）。
English: At an early stage Japanese troops destroyed and overpowered Korean troops and occupied Seoul, Pyongyang and other cities, but the battle line was stuck by resistance of warriors in various places and reinforcements of Min Dynasty of China.
Japanese: 初期は朝鮮軍を撃破し、漢城、平壌などを占領するなど圧倒したが、各地の義兵の抵抗や明の援軍の到着によって戦況は膠着状態となり。
English: From 1593 they ceased fire and started negotiation to make a peace between Min Dynasty of China and Japan.
Japanese: 文禄2年（1593年）から休戦期に入り明との間に講和交渉が開始された。
English: In 1595, two years after the birth of Hideyori, Hideyoshi ordered Kanpaku Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, who was called 'Sessho(killer) Kanpaku' (of Sessho Kanpaku) to commit Seppuku by the reason of his immorality.
Japanese: 2年後の文禄4年（1595年）、「殺生関白」（摂政関白のもじり）と呼ばれたほどの乱行を理由に、関白・豊臣秀次に切腹を命じた。
English: There are various views as to whether Hidetsugu's immorality was true or not; there is a view that Hideyoshi regarded him as a nuisance because his son was born.
Japanese: 秀次の乱行が実際にあったかには諸説あり、実子が生まれたので秀次が邪魔になったという見方もされている。
English: In 1596 the negotiation of war was broken off and Hideyoshi sent 140,000 troops to Korea again in 1597 (Bunroku Keicho no eki).
Japanese: 文禄5年（1596年）、文禄・慶長の役の講和交渉は決裂し、慶長2年（1597年）、14万人の軍を朝鮮へ再度出兵した（文禄・慶長の役）。
English: A diary of an aristocrat in the same year recorded that an elephant was brought to Hideyoshi at Osaka Castle.
Japanese: 同年の貴族の日記に、大阪城にいる秀吉のもとに象が連れて来られたと記録されている。
English: On August 18, 1598, Hideyoshi passed away at Fushimi Castle, asking Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, a head of Go-Tairo, and Toshiie MAEDA, a guardian of Hideyori TOYOTOMI to look after affairs.
Japanese: 慶長3年（1598年）8月18日、五大老筆頭の徳川家康や豊臣秀頼の護り役の前田利家に後事を託して伏見城で没した。
English: His last poem was following; 'I have dropped as dew and vanished as dew; all things at Naniwa were only a dream'.
Japanese: 辞世の句は「露と落ち露と消えにし我が身かな浪速のことは夢のまた夢」。
English: This invasion for seven years was a disaster which damaged both land and people of Korea heavily and became one of the reasons for the subvert of Min Dynasty by a burden of enormous costs and waste of troops.
Japanese: 7年に及ぶこの戦争は、朝鮮には国土の荒廃と軍民の大きな被害をもたらした災厄であり、明には莫大な戦費の負担と兵員を損耗によって滅亡の一因となった。
English: Hideyoshi's tomb (graveyard, mausoleum and shrine) was built magnificently, but his funeral was not held because of confusion after his death.
Japanese: 秀吉の墓は壮麗に築かれた（墓所・霊廟・神社）ものの、没後の混乱のため、葬儀は遂に行なわれなかった。
English: Hideyoshi followed Nobunaga ODA's policies; he promoted business by Rakuichi-Rakuza (a policy of free-market economy) and a trade by Red seal ships, controlled cities and regulated business by an issue of coins.
Japanese: 秀吉は、政策面では織田信長を踏襲し、楽市楽座・朱印船貿易による商業振興と都市の掌握・貨幣鋳造による商業統制を行った。
English: It is evaluated that 'Taiko Kenchi' and 'Katanagari' promoted to establish tax system and build a basis of Shogunate system of Edo Period by clearing the difference between warrior and farmer.
Japanese: 太閤検地と刀狩は税制を確立させ、兵農分離と身分の格差を徹底させて江戸時代の幕藩体制の基礎を築いたと評価される（但し、近年では刀狩については不徹底に終わったという見方も有力である）。
English: However, such policies as 'Katanagari', 'Kenchi' and the hierarchization to warrior and farmer were implemented under ODA administration originally, so that it might be said that Hideyoshi could unify Japan because he imitated Nobunaga at least in the aspect of policies and strategies.
Japanese: しかし、刀狩や検地・兵農分離なども元々は織田政権化で進められていたものであり、このことから秀吉は少なくとも政策・戦略面では信長を模倣したからこそ天下を取れたともいえる。
English: Hideyoshi turned in favor of Christians at first, but he ordered to exile Christians in 1587 for the reasons that missionary priests forced people to have a faith, destroyed temples and shrines, and ate beef and pork.
Japanese: 秀吉は当初はキリシタンに好意的であったが、宣教師による信仰の強制、キリシタンによる寺社の破壊、宣教師たちの牛馬の肉食を理由に、天正15年（1587年）、伴天連（バテレン）追放令を出した。
English: In the historical research after late Edo Period, it is emphasized that Hideyoshi noticed an intension to conquest Japan by Spain and Portuguese through missionary's activities (Relate to the incident of Sun Fillip).
Japanese: 幕末以降の歴史書・研究史においては、秀吉は、宣教師の行いを通じて、スペインやポルトガルの日本征服の意図を察知していた事が強調されている（関連サン＝フェリペ号事件）。
English: But there is no exact evidence that Spain and Portuguese had an intension and plan to conquer Japan.
Japanese: しかし、スペインやポルトガルが日本征服を意図し、計画していたことについては正確な証拠がない。
English: For the stronger countries of the Western Europe, it was a common practice to occupy port by force and promote more conquest using that port as a strongpoint; Portuguese conquered Goa, Malacca and Macao in this way.
Japanese: 当時の西洋の強国にとって、武力で手に入れた港を拠点とし、そしてさらなる征服を進めるのが常套手段であり、ポルトガルは、ゴア、マラッカ、マカオをこの方法で征服している。
English: Such opinions were ignored by high officials of Spain and Portuguese.
Japanese: 、そういった提案は、スペインやポルトガルの高官によって無視されていた。
English: In the red seal license to Kennyo of Honganji Temple as of June 1,1587 during staying in Kyusyu, one of the papers to show Hideyoshi's idea on abroad, Hideyoshi wrote that 'the Emperor says that Korean King should come to Japan as an ancient example of Imperial Court' (Honganji Bunsh).
Japanese: 秀吉の対外認識について示す文書の1つに、九州遠征中の天正15年6月1日付で本願寺顕如に充てた朱印状の中で、「我朝之覚候間高麗国王可参内候旨被仰遣候」（「本願寺文書」）とある。
English: This shows Hideyoshi might think that Japanese laws and rules such as Soubujirei (an order to ban battles between Daimyo) should be implicated to Korea; in fact on May 9, he sent a letter to a woman 'Koho' who served Hideyoshi and his wife to suggest the idea of conquest of Korea (Joseon Dynasty) after the conquest of Kyusyu as following; ' I sent an emissary to Korea and ordered to conquest that country as well'.
Japanese: これは朝鮮が惣無事令などの日本の法令の適用対象として認識していた可能性を示すもので、実際に5月9日の段階で秀吉夫妻に仕える「こほ」という女性に対して「かうらい国へ御人しゆつか（はし）かのくにもせひはい申つけ候まま」と記して、九州平定の延長として高麗（朝鮮）平定の意向もある事を示す書状を送っている。
English: It is regarded that this Hideyoshi's way of thinking deeply influenced policies against Korea for Japanese invasion of Korea.
Japanese: こうした考え方が、文禄・慶長の役における対朝鮮政策にも深く影響していたと考えられている
English: This is because of such a background that the conquest of three Korean countries by Jinguu Empress was believed as a truth and that Japanese who lived in an island country (except priests or merchants who had a chance to meet foreigners) were less conscious on abroad for a long time, as "Soga monogatari" (Myohonji-bon) written in Kamakura Period described western Japan as 'Kikai, Korea and Io-island'.
Japanese: もっとも、かつては神功皇后の三韓征伐が史実と考えられていたこと、鎌倉時代の『曾我物語』（妙本寺本）においても日本の西の果てを「鬼界・高麗・硫黄嶋」と記されており、島国に住む日本人（外国と接する機会のある僧侶や商人などの例外を除く）における長年にわたる対外意識の希薄さが背景にあったと考えられている。
English: About human affairs Hideyoshi used Mitsunari ISHIDA and Yoshitsugu as a faction of civil officials and used Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA as a faction of commander of war.
Japanese: 人事においては、石田三成や大谷吉継らは文治・吏僚派、加藤清正や福島正則らを武断派として用いた。
English: It seems that Hideyoshi made both factions by giving them tasks which were appropriate to their abilities, but this separation led to a split of TOYOTOMI vassals after Hideyoshi's death.
Japanese: 秀吉としては個人の能力に見合った仕事を与えることで両派を形成したのだと思われるが、両派を分断したことは秀吉の死後、豊臣家臣団の分裂を招くことにもつながった。
English: It is famous that Nobunaga ODA exiled important vassals such as Hidesada HAYASHI and Nobumori SAKUMA, and Hideyoshi also exiled Masaharu MIKODA, Mitsuyasu KATO and Tomonobu BITO, and treated Takataka KURODA, an adviser of mission, unkindly and excluded him from the center of government.
Japanese: 織田信長が重臣の林秀貞や佐久間信盛らを追放したことは有名だが、秀吉も神子田正治や加藤光泰、尾藤知宣らを追放し、さらに軍師であった黒田孝高も冷遇して中枢から排除している。
English: Because these vassals were, as it were, hereditary vassal who had served Hideyoshi since he served Nobunaga, it is no exaggeration to say that these expulsions led to the decline of TOYOTOMI clan, who had no hereditary vassal actually.
Japanese: これらの面々は信長時代から秀吉に仕えていた譜代の家臣とも言ってよい人物だったため、その追放は譜代の家臣がいなかった豊臣家の衰退につながったと言っても過言ではない。
English: The existence of following two groups inside the administration after unifying Japan led to a conflict of political situation after Hideyoshi's death: a group of vassals who had strong associations with Hideyoshi and another group of outside Daimyos.
Japanese: 天下統一後の政権の中に、秀吉に縁の深い家臣団という一群と、外様大名という一群の二つの勢力が存在し、死後の政局争いの元となっている。
English: It turned to be one of the reasons for Daimyos such as Hideyuki GAMO (his servant) and Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA to join the East (TOKUGAWA) squad at the battle of Sekigahara that Hideyoshi decreased or changed their territories by nominal reasons such as rubbishy faults or youthfulness.
Japanese: 蒲生秀行(侍従)、小早川秀秋ら諸大名を大した罪でも無いのに若年などを理由に減封・移封したことは、関ヶ原の戦いで彼らを東軍（徳川方）につかせる一因を成した。
English: Hideyoshi's father, Yaemon was said to be a 'Hyakusyo', but it is a later way to see 'Hyakusyo' as a farmer and there is an opinion that his main business was 'Ashigaru' (conscripted foot-soldiers) of ODA clan (there is an another opinion that Hideyoshi was a peddler of needles before serving warlords and had a origin of merchant class, judging from his different ideas which a farmer could not hit).
Japanese: 秀吉の父・弥右衛門は百姓であったとされるが、百姓＝農民とするのは後代の用例であり、弥右衛門の主たる生業は織田家の足軽だったとする説もある（一説には百姓では思いつかないような発想などから秀吉は武家へ仕官以前は針の行商人で商人出身であったという説がある）。
English: The system of 'Ashigaru', which was given an important role in the troops of Dokan OTA and Soun HOJO, spread quickly all over Japan
Japanese: 太田道灌や北条早雲の軍制に重用された足軽は急速に全国へ広まっていた。
English: There is a research to point out that Hideyoshi began to use his surname after he married Nene from KINOSHITA clan.
Japanese: ただし、秀吉が初めて苗字を名乗るのは木下家出身のねねとの婚姻を契機とすることを指摘した研究もある。
English: In other words, such a possibility is pointed out as he was born from a hierarchy which people had no surname.
Japanese: つまり、それ以前は苗字を名乗る地盤すら持たない階層だった可能性も指摘されている。
English: A farmer class of this age was a comparatively huge hierarchy, composed by businesspersons of agriculture and manufacture; when a person who was from this class tried to become warriors' class such as local samurai, he usually used a place name like home village's name as a surname, and people of this class usually had authorized surnames which they could use among 'Ashigaru' in the community of village.
Japanese: 当時の百姓身分は農業や手工業の比較的規模の大きい経営者階層であり、この層に出自する者が地侍などの形で武士身分に食い込みを図るときには、勢力地盤となっている村の名前などを苗字とするのが普通であるし、そもそもこの階層は惣村共同体の足軽中で通用する程度に権威のある私称の苗字を保持しているのが通例であった。
English: If Hideyoshi did not have a basis to use a surname, it is possible to think that he was not from farmer class but from lower class than farmer.
Japanese: それすらも自前で名乗る地盤を持たなかったとすれば、秀吉の出自は百姓身分ですらない、さらに下層の出身者である可能性がある。
English: It could be said that there still remains mystery about the true place of origin and early life of Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 秀吉の真の出自と初期の人生についてはいまだ謎に包まれている側面が大きいとも言える。
English: Hideyoshi hardly had children, but there is an opinion that he got a boy and a girl when he was a master of Nagahama Castle.
Japanese: 生涯において子宝に恵まれにくかった秀吉であるが、長浜城主時代に一男一女を授かったという説がある。
English: The Hikiyama Matsuri Festival held at Nagahama every April (every October, in old days) was said to begin from the time when people were given congratulatory gold sands from Hideyoshi, who was glad to having a boy, and made a float and showed it at the festival of Nagahama Hachimangu Shrine.
Japanese: 長浜で毎年4月（昔は10月）に行われる曳山祭は、秀吉に男の子が生まれ、そのことに喜んだ秀吉からお祝いの砂金を贈られた町民は、山車を作り、長浜八幡宮の祭礼に曳き回しことが、始まりと伝えられている。
English: However, his son Hidekatsu died of disease in his childhood (later Hideyoshi named two adopted sons as Hidekatsu).
Japanese: しかし、実子秀勝は、幼少で病死（その後、秀吉は、2人の養子を秀勝と名付けている）。
English: In Myohoji Temple at Nagahama there remains a portrait of a child, who is said to be Hidekatsu HASHIBA, a stone monument, which is said to be Hidekatsu's tomb, and an ancestral tablet.
Japanese: 長浜にある妙法寺には、伝羽柴秀勝像といわれる子どもの肖像画や秀勝の墓といわれる石碑、位牌が残っている。
English: Detail of a girl was not clear, but there is a following inscription on the back of Mida statue which Shanain Temple in Nagahama city holds.
Japanese: 女子については、名前を含め詳細不明であるが、長浜市内にある舎那院所蔵の弥陀三尊の懸仏の裏に次のような銘記がある。
English: A historical record of Omi Sakata county describes that this Mida statue was donated by Hideyoshi for a daughter who was born in 1574.
Japanese: 「江州北郡羽柴筑前守殿天正九年御れう人甲戌歳奉寄進御宝前息災延命八月五日如意御満足虚八幡宮」これは秀吉が、天正2年（1574年）に生まれた実娘のために寄進したと近江坂田郡誌に記載されている。
English: However, Shanain Temple now explains that it was donated for Hideyoshi's mother, Omandokoro.
Japanese: しかし、舎那院では現在、秀吉の母である大政所のために寄進されたものであると説明している。
English: According to Tamonin Diary, Omandokoro died at 76 years old in 1592; so there is a gap of the date.
Japanese: 多聞院日記によれば、大政所は文禄元年（1592年）に76歳で亡くなっているとされているので年代にズレがある。
English: The document says that the person for whom Hideyoshi donated the statue was "a beauty", so that it is suspicious whether it means 76 years old woman; and it is appropriate to think that Hideyoshi had a girl.
Japanese: 「御れう人」とは麗人のことであり、76歳の老人にまで解釈が及ぶものかどうか疑問であり、秀吉に女児が生まれたと考える方が妥当である。
English: It is famous that Hideyoshi was called 'Saru' (monkey), but it is said that an appearance of Hideyoshi's portrait evoked 'monkey' so that the story that he was nicknamed 'Saru' by his looking was spread.
Japanese: 秀吉が猿と呼ばれたことは有名であるが、絵に残っている秀吉の容姿から「猿」を連想し、「猿」という呼び名は見た目から来たという説が流布するようになったと言われている。
English: There is an another view that his nickname Saru originated from a graffiti after installation of Kanpaku, which said 'Saru (that) Kanpaku' used as an irony to mean 'he was born from lowly class which nobody knows'.
Japanese: 秀吉が猿と呼ばれたのは、関白就任後の落書などの中で「どこの馬の骨とも分からない身分の低い生まれ」という意味の皮肉として使われた「さる関白」という表現に由来するものという説もある。
English: And there is a view that Nobunaga did not call him 'Saru' (another view says he was called Saru behind his back among ODA clan, hated to be called Saru and showed no mercy against people who called Saru'); Tatsuo FUJITA guesses that he made up the nickname of 'Saru' because he wanted to utilize Sanno Faith (a monkey is a messenger of Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine).
Japanese: また、信長は「猿」と呼んでいないとの主張（一説に織田家中で陰口として猿と呼ばれていて、秀吉は猿と呼ばれるのを非常に嫌い、猿と呼んだものには容赦をしなかったという）もあり、藤田達生は山王信仰（猿は日吉大社の使い）を利用するため「猿」という呼び名を捏造したと推測している。
English: It is said that the nickname of 'bold mouse' was used only when Nobunaga wrote it in the letter to Kodaiin in order to scold him and not used usually.
Japanese: 「禿げ鼠」の呼び名も、信長の高台院への書状の中で秀吉を叱責する際に一度触れられたのみで、常用されていたわけではないと言われている。
English: In the record of Luice Frois and Toshiie MAEDA's reminiscences 'Kokuso Yuigon', Hideyoshi suffered from hyperdactylia and had one more finger.
Japanese: 秀吉は指が一本多い多指症だったとルイス・フロイスの記録や前田利家の回想録「国祖遺言」に記されている。
English: According to the latter, he had one more thumb in his right hand and was called 'Muttsu-me (sixth)' by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 後者によれば右手の親指が一本多く、信長からは｢六ツめ｣と呼ばれていたという。
English: At that age (now also) in many cases people who suffer from hyperdactylia have their fingers cut in their childhood, but it is said that Hideyoshi had kept six fingers through his life even if he was seen oddly and did not hide the fact until he unified Japan.
Japanese: 当時は（現在もそうだが）、多くの場合、幼児期までに切除して五指とするが、秀吉は周囲から奇異な目で見られても六指で生涯を通し、天下人になるまでその事実を隠すことがなかったという。
English: However, after unifying Japan, he erased this fact from records, and had painters draw his portrait with thumb of his right hand hidden.
Japanese: しかし、天下人となった後は、記録からこの事実を抹消し、肖像画も右手の親指を隠す姿で描かせたりした。
English: Although the view of six fingers is influential from the record of Toshiie MAEDA, many biographies do not mention about this because of lack of clear evidence.
Japanese: 現在では、前田利家の証言記録などから六指説を真説とする考えが有力であるものの、一次資料が存在しないこともあり、いまだにこのことに触れない秀吉の伝記は多い。
English: As even the latest novel treats this view oddly, this view has not recognized in general.
Japanese: 近年発表された小説でさえこの説を奇説扱いするなど、まだ一般に認知されるには至っていない。
English: In cartoon, "Sengoku" and "Shigurui" adopted this view and Hideyoshi in these works has six fingers.
Japanese: なお、戦国時代を題材にした漫画では、センゴクとシグルイがこの説を取り入れており、これらの作品に登場する秀吉は六指である。
English: There is a famous view that Hideyoshi wore a false mustache because he wore little actually (it was a custom for warlords at that age to wear mustache so that a person who wore less mustache usually wore false mustache).
Japanese: 秀吉は髭が薄かったため、付け髭をしていたという有名な説がある（ただ当時の戦国武将が髭を蓄えるのは習慣であり、薄いものが付け髭をするのは普通のことであった）。
English: There are various views on the cause of his death; one of them was that he died of syphilis.
Japanese: 様々な説が唱えられており、有名な説の一つに梅毒によって死亡したというものがある。
English: In his last years he became senile and it is said he had incontinence in front of people (in NHK saga drama such as "Dokuganryu Masamune" and "Komyo ga Tsuji" (Crossroads of the Achievement), there were scenes that old Hideyoshi had incontinence).
Japanese: 晩年は老耄だったようで、人前で小便を漏らすこともあったとされる(大河ドラマ・独眼竜政宗(NHK大河ドラマ)および功名が辻(NHK大河ドラマ)では晩年の秀吉が失禁するシーンが描かれた。)。
English: Hideyoshi is often described as a person who did not like to kill people, but he seemed to have a cruel aspect at least as hard as other warlords not only in his last years but also when he was a vassal of Nobunaga; shown by such facts as he annihilated Kohoku Ikko Ikki (a riot by people who believe Ikko-shu) in 1571 (according to Matsushita Record and Nobunaga Kouki (Nobunaga's biography) and that he executed more than 200 women and children by impalement for children and crucifixion for women in 1577 (from Hideyoshi's letter as of December 5).
Japanese: ドラマなどでは人を殺すことを嫌う人物のように描写されることの多い秀吉であるが、実際には元亀二年に湖北一向一揆を殲滅したり（松下文書や信長公記より）、天正五年に備前・美作・播磨の国境付近で毛利氏への見せしめのために、女・子供二百人以上を子供は串刺しに、女は磔にして処刑する（十二月五日の羽柴秀吉書状より）等、晩年だけでなく信長の家臣時代でも、少なくとも他の武将並みの残酷な一面があったようである。
English: After the battle of Komaki and Nagakute he had to provide his mother and sister as hostages to TOKUGAWA side temporally, and later he had Ieyasu bind over Shigetsugu HONDA because he had given his mother shabby treatment.
Japanese: 小牧・長久手の戦いの後、必要に迫られて一時徳川方に母と妹を人質に差し出したが、そこで母を粗略に扱った本多重次を後に家康に命じて蟄居させている。
English: While Hideyoshi stayed at Nagoya of Hizen province for the invasion of Korea, he heard that his mother fell into critical condition and went home quickly but could not arrive before her last moment.
Japanese: 朝鮮出兵のために肥前名護屋に滞在中、母の危篤を聞いた秀吉は急いで帰京したが、結局臨終には間に合わなかった。
English: There is a description in an official textbook in Meiji Period that Hideyoshi was a dutiful son especially.
Japanese: 明治時代の国定教科書でも、特に秀吉が親孝行であったと記述されているほどである。
English: He was said to be passionate as he had a 10-years-old concubine; however, we consider the following circumstances; in pre-modern era not only in Japan but also all over the world, levels of rights of women and children were much lower than present time and sex with a child was permitted to some extent.
Japanese: 10歳の女子を側室として迎えたりするなど、かなりの好色家であったと言われているただし前近代では日本のみならず世界中で女性・子供への人権保障水準が現在とは比較にならないほど低く、児童性愛も一定程度許容されていた事情もある。
English: The prophet Muhammad of Muslim had intercourse with 9-years-old girl, Aisha.
Japanese: イスラームの預言者ムハンマドも9歳の少女アーイシャと性行為を行っている。
English: Loice Frois described about Hideyoshi critically as 'extremely amorous and hedonistic like a beast'.
Japanese: ルイス・フロイスは、秀吉のことを「極度に淫蕩で、獣欲に耽溺していた」と批判的に記述した。
English: Hideyoshi himself seemed to recognize his lechery, judging from his letter to Hidetsugu when he ceded Kanpaku position 'Do not run after women like me'.
Japanese: 秀次に関白職を譲る時に与えた訓戒状に「女狂いなど自分の真似はするな」とあることから、秀吉も好色を自覚していたようである。
English: He ordered Daimyo as an important task to bring tiger meats, which were considered to be a good for building energy.
Japanese: 文禄・慶長の役で、大名に大事な役目として、優れた精力剤とされていた虎の肉の献上を命じたこともある。
English: Daimyos of Sengoku Period had a taste of sodomy with vassal boys (so-called 'Shudo') (one of famous couples are Nobunaga ODA and Naritoshi MORI).
Japanese: 戦国大名は主君と臣下の男色（いわゆる「衆道」）を武士の嗜みとしていた（有名なのは織田信長と森成利などである）。
English: There is a following episode; when a vassal, who was suspicious that Hideyoshi was not interested in sodomy, brought the most beautiful boy among vassals to Hideyoshi and had them stayed only by themselves, Hideyoshi only asked him, 'Do you have a sister?'
Japanese: 男色傾向の無さを訝しんだ家臣が家中で一番との評判の美少年を呼び入れ、秀吉に会わせ二人きりにさせたのだが秀吉はその少年に「お前に妹か姉はいるか？」と聞いただけだったとされる。
English: From Meiji Period to prewar of Showa Period, there was an effort to show Hideyoshi as a model of people for the policy of increasing wealth and military power because he had promoted to Kanpaku Daijodaijin in spite of lowly origin; and he was often seen favorably (an aspect is pointed out that seeing Hideyoshi positively led to looking down Ieyasu and coming down Edo Shogunate, and that, as a result, it led to boosting up legitimacy of Meiji Government).
Japanese: 明治から昭和の戦前にかけては、富国強兵政策や身分が低いながらも関白太政大臣になったということで民衆の手本にしようという試みもあり、好意的に捉えられることが多かった（秀吉を肯定することで家康を貶め、しいては江戸幕府の評価を下げることで明治政府の正当性を高めるという側面もあったとも指摘される）。
English: In that reputation he was regarded as a cheerful warlord who was very charming and won by policies rather than force, so he was often called 'Taiko san'.
Japanese: その評価では、日本では武将ながら愛嬌に満ちた存在、武力より知略で勝利を得るなど、陽的な人物とされ、「太閤さん」と呼ばれることも多い。
English: In stories created from such an evaluation Hideyoshi was described as a cheerful bright man, while Nobunaga was described as a clever genius and Ieyasu as an honest and prudent man.
Japanese: このような評価から創られた物語では、信長を怜悧な天才、家康を実直な慎重家と設定し、彼らとの対比で秀吉を陽気な知恵者として描かれることが多い。
English: On the contrary, in Edo Period Hideyoshi was come down under 'the historical view of TOKUGAWA' as Mitsunari ISHIDA was looked down intentionally.
Japanese: 江戸時代では逆に「徳川史観」の元に、石田三成などのように意図的に貶められた存在として描かれていた。
English: In this way there are many places where people think Hideyoshi favorably, so there is a memorial museum at his birthplace, Nakamura-ku Ward in Nagoya city.
Japanese: このように秀吉を好意的に評価する土地は多く、特に、誕生の地である名古屋市中村区（記念館がある。
English: And in Nagoya Festival a person who plays Hideyoshi's role has a parade with persons who play Nobunaga ODA's and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's roles; in Osaka city where he put a government (he was considered to build up the basis for the development of commerce in Osaka during Edo Period) he is very popular.
Japanese: また名古屋まつりでは毎年織田信長・徳川家康とともに彼に扮した人物がパレードする）、政権を執った本拠地の大阪市（江戸期の大坂商業発達の基盤を築いたという見方も強い）などでは人気が高い。
English: He was good at calligraphy unexpectedly and Rozanzin KITAOJI evaluated his works highly as Hideyoshi would be chosen if three good chirographers were newly selected.
Japanese: 意外なことに書道に優れ、北大路魯山人は秀吉の書に対して、新たに三筆を選べば、秀吉も加えられると高く評価した
English: However, this is not equal to the fact that Hideyoshi was highly educated; it is said that he used many wrong letters, phonetic equivalent and kana characters in his letters.
Japanese: ただしこれは秀吉に高い教養がある事を示すものではなく、彼の書簡には誤字や当て字、仮名が多用されていたと言われる。