nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In his youth he became a disciple of Gien, who was a high priest of the Hossoshu sect of Buddhism, and learned Sanskrit from Roben.
Japanese: 若年の頃、法相宗の高僧・義淵（ぎえん）の弟子となり、良弁（ろうべん）から梵語（サンスクリット語）を学ぶ。
English: In addition, Dokyo is believed to have learned and acquired a secret method of Sukuyo (an astrology based on the Sutra of constellations and planets) of Esoteric Buddhism during his retreat in Mt. Katsuragi in Yamato Province (present-day Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: また大和国（奈良県）の葛城山に篭り密教の宿曜秘法を習得したとも言われる。
English: Attending the naidojo (palace chapel, the space of which was reserved particularly for esoteric rituals) as a Zenji (Master of Zen Buddhism) in medical nursing, he successfully healed the illness of Empress Koken (the future Empress Shotoku) at Horanomiya (detached palace) in 761, and therefore, was highly respected after that.
Japanese: 看病禅師として内道場に出仕し、天平宝字5年（761年）、保良宮において孝謙天皇（後の称徳天皇）の病気を治して以後重んじられた。
English: Around the Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro in 764, Dokyo was appointed Shosozu (Lesser Secondary Prelate) in 763, and Daijo Daijin Zenji (the First Minister and Master of Meditation) in 765, and was granted the title of Ho-o (Dharma King) in 766, thereby pursuing political policies based on Buddhist philosophy.
Japanese: 藤原仲麻呂の乱の前後、天平宝字7年（763年）に少僧都に任じられ、天平神護元年（765年）に太政大臣禅師、翌年には法王となり、仏教の理念に基づいた政策を推進した。
English: He was supposedly involved in political policies centering around those related to Buddhism, and the fact is that with his backing, his younger brother Kiyohito was raised to the position of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) in the manner of accelerated promotion, thus actively promoting his relatives and disciples.
Japanese: 道鏡が関与した政策は仏教関係の政策が中心であったとされているが、彼の後ろ盾を受けて弟の浄人が大納言に抜擢された他、多くの一族・門人が登用された。
English: Dokyo's nepotism as noted above, together with his religious appearance when being involved in politics, evoked a sense of aversion among the Fujiwara clansmen who heaped blame on Dokyo.
Japanese: これが法体で政務に参与する事に対する反感も加わって藤原氏らとの不満を高めることになる。
English: SUGE no Asomaro who was a Dazai no Kanzukasa (Head Shinto Priest of Kyushu, stationed in Dazaifu) deceitfully informed Dokyo that there was an oracle message from Usa-jingu Shrine of Buzen Province (present-day Oita Prefecture) that Dokyo be made emperor, which led Dokyo, who believed the oracle, to laying claim to the imperial throne.
Japanese: 大宰府の主神であった習宜阿曾麻呂は、偽って豊前国（大分県）の宇佐神宮より天皇の位を道鏡に譲れとの神託があったと道鏡に伝え、道鏡はこれを信じて皇位に就く志を抱く。
English: However, WAKE no Kiyomaro who was sent as an imperial envoy reported to the superiors that the oracle had been fabricated, thereby preventing Dokyo from being enthroned.
Japanese: しかし、和気清麻呂が勅使として参向しこの神託が虚偽であることを上申したため、道鏡が皇位に就くことはなかった。
English: After the funeral of Empress Shotoku who died of illness in 770, Dokyo continued protecting the late Empress' mausoleum in the hope of a sheer chance, but on September 14, 770, Dokyo was appointed Zo Shimotsuke Yakushi-ji Betto (the chief of the constructing department of Shimotsuke Yakushi-ji Temple) and therefore sent to Shimotsuke Province, where he died and was buried as a commoner.
Japanese: 神護景雲4年（770年）に称徳天皇が病死するが、葬礼の後も僥倖を頼み称徳天皇の御陵を守っていたが、神護景雲4年8月21日（770年9月14日）、造下野薬師寺別当（下野国）を命ぜられて下向し、赴任地の下野国で没し庶人の待遇で葬られた。
English: On May 13, 772, his death was reported from Shimotsuke Province to Emperor Konin.
Japanese: 道鏡死去の報は、宝亀3年4月7日（772年5月13日）に下野国から光仁天皇に言上された。
English: Dokyo escaped penalty in recognition of his years of service, but four of his close relatives (YUGE no Kiyohito and his sons Hirokata, Hirota and Hirotsu) were arrested and banished to Tosa Province.
Japanese: 道鏡は長年の功労により刑罰を科されることは無かったが、親族（弓削浄人とその息子広方、広田、広津）4名が捕えられて土佐国に流されている。
English: Dokyo, reportedly buried as a commoner, is believed to be resting in his tomb in the form of a tumulus within the precincts of Ryuko-ji Temple (Shimotsuke City, Tochigi Prefecture).
Japanese: 庶人として葬られたといい、龍興寺（栃木県下野市）境内に道鏡の墓と伝えられる塚がある。
English: As Dokyo was in Empress Koken's favor, it has widely been believed by scholars of the Heian Period onward that Dokyo fornicated with the Empress or that he had a macropenis, being fondly used as material of folktales as seen in "Nihon Genho Zenaku Ryoiki" (which is a set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki) and "Kojidan" (Talks of the Past).
Japanese: 孝謙天皇に寵愛されたことから、平安時代以降の学者によって天皇と姦通していたとする説や巨根説などが唱えられ、『日本現報善悪霊異記』や『古事談』など、説話集の材料にされることも多い。
English: Such an adultery theory remained until the prewar period based on Confucian misogyny whereby the femininity of Empress Koken was disdained, albeit lacking specific historical sources.
Japanese: この説は女帝である孝謙天皇を蔑む儒教的風潮と相まって戦前まで言われることもあったが、具体的な史料には乏しい。
English: The adultery theory was thus spread based on the fact that, as pointed out by some researchers, the extinguishment of the imperial line of Emperor Tenmu, caused by the death of Empress Shotoku, enabled the revival of the imperial line of Emperor Tenchi, and therefore it is likely that people on Emperor Tenchi's side needed to deliberately and unfairly insult the Empress and Dokyo so as to justify the succession of the imperial throne by the imperial line of Emperor Tenchi.
Japanese: こうした説が流布された背景には、称徳天皇の死をもって天武天皇系の皇統が断絶して天智天皇系の皇統が復活した事から、天智天皇系の皇位継承を正当化するために天皇と道鏡を不当に貶めるためという指摘がある。
English: Furthermore, there remains little specific evidence for a view that Dokyo had actually sought the imperial throne, which was however, quoted as being proved at the time of his demotion transfer, and the plot of the oracle of Usa-jingu Shrine (also known as Usa-hachiman Shrine) was not adopted as a specific evidence.
Japanese: また、道鏡が皇位を狙っていたと言う具体的な証拠も乏しく、左遷の時の理由に挙がってはいるものの、宇佐八幡神託事件などがあるにも関わらず、具体的な証拠として採用されていない。
English: Also, the demotion transfer merely caused him to quit as a politician and return to the normal priesthood, and should it be true that he had fornicated with a woman, who was not necessarily the Empress, he would have been deprived of his priesthood on the grounds of violating the precepts.
Japanese: その左遷もあくまで「政治家から一般の僧侶に戻った」というに過ぎず、仮に女性と通じていたというなら、相手が天皇でなくても戒律を破ったとして僧職を剥奪されるはずである。
English: Accordingly, some doubt whether the oracle of Usa-jingu Shrine really was about imperial succession, and the others speculate that it may be the Empress Shotoku herself who wished Dokyo's succession of the imperial throne.
Japanese: このため、宇佐神宮の神託の内容が実際に皇位継承に関するものだったのか疑問視する意見や、皇位を継承させたがったのは称徳天皇の方ではないかという意見もある。
English: Thus, there is an opinion that Dokyo should not be criticized without careful consideration based on only very limited extant historical sources, the neutrality of which is left open to question.
Japanese: そのため、中立性に疑問が残る僅かな史料から安易に道鏡を批評するのは適当ではないとの指摘もある。
English: Yuge-jinja Shrine in Kumamoto City is the source of a folktale which relates that 'Dokyo who had already lost his position visited this place and fell in love with a seductive, gorgeous lady called Princess Fujiko at first sight, so that he married her and enjoyed her devotion to hospitality and good copulation, which made that wild, debauchee monk Dokyo live peacefully as a good husband.'
Japanese: 熊本市にある弓削神社(熊本市)には「道鏡が失脚した後この地を訪れて、そこで藤子姫という妖艶華麗な女性を見初めて夫婦となり、藤子姫の献身的なもてなしと交合よろしきをもって、あの大淫蕩をもって知られる道鏡法師がよき夫として安穏な日々を過ごした」との俗話がある。
English: The legend of his macropenis has been so persistent that a kind of ground beetles, which can be found in the mountains of Osaka and Nara and have an extremely big penis compared to the length of body, were therefore named 'Dokyo Osamushi.'
Japanese: 道鏡の巨根伝説は根強く、大阪・奈良の山中に生息する体長に比して非常に大きな交接器を持つオサムシの一種が「ドウキョウオサムシ」と命名されている。
English: Yukimasa NIKAIDO (year of birth and death unknown) held the office of Mandokoro-rei (later called Mandokoro Betto [administrator of a Buddhist temple]), a member of the １3-person parliament during the Kamakura Period.
Japanese: 二階堂行政（にかいどうゆきまさ、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉幕府の政所令・後に別当、十三人の合議制の一人。
English: With his family line starting with FUJIWARA no Otomaro; his father was FUJIWARA no Yukito and his mother was the younger sister of Yoritomo MINAMOTO's maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Suenori who held the office of Atsuta daiguji (the highest priest serving at Atsuta Shrine in Owari Province).
Japanese: 家系は藤原南家藤原乙麻呂流で父は藤原行遠、母は源頼朝の外祖父熱田大宮司藤原季範の妹であった。
English: According to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text that records the lineages of the aristocracy) and 'Family Tree of the NIKAIDO clan', the NIKAIDO family had been ranked Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) for generations; Koreto and Koreyuki served as Suruga no kami (the governor of Suruga Province) and Koreyori worked as Totoumi gon no kami (the governor of Totoumi Province).
Japanese: 「尊卑分脈・二階堂系図」によれば維遠、維行が駿河守、維頼が遠江権守で代々従五位下。
English: Although the records of 'Zoku Gunshoruiju' (The Collection of Historical Sources, second series) and 'Family Tree of the KUDONIKAIDO clan' show that four generations of the NIKAIDO family from Koreto, Koreyuki, Koreyori to Yukito served as Totoumi no kami (the governor of Totoumi Province), both records could be created after the establishment of the NIKAIDO clan therefore these descriptions might be fabricated in some parts.
Japanese: 「続群書類従・工藤二階堂系図」では維遠、維行、維頼、行遠の4代が遠江守に任官したことになっているが、いずれも二階堂氏として家を興した後に作成された系図であろうことから割り引いて考える必要がある。
English: And it is recorded that his father, FUJIWARA no Yukito, was deported to Owari in the Hoen Era (1135 - 1141) for his killing of the provincial governor of Totoumi Province, and Yukimasa was born to the younger sister of FUJIWARA no Suenori, the Atsuta daiguji in Owari Province, during that period.
Japanese: ただし父は藤原行遠は保延年間（1135～1141年）に遠江国司を殺害して尾張に流配されており、そのときに熱田大宮司藤原季範の妹との間に行政が生まれている。
English: However, given that the father of FUJIWARA no Suenori assumed the post of Mokudai (a deputy provincial governor) of Owari Province while continuing living in Mikawa (according to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku') and that it was common in this period of time that children of a provincial governor had a big influence on their ruling areas, it is possible the grandfather wielded a certain amount of power in Totoumi and Suruga without leaving these areas.
Japanese: 藤原季範の父は「尊卑分脈」によれば三河に住みながら尾張目代を務めており、当時の受領国司の子弟が、在地に勢力を張るという図式に当てはめれば、行政の祖父らは遠江・駿河などに留住してある程度の勢力を持っていたのかもしれない。
English: The name of Yukinari first appeared in Article August 24 of 1184 in "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East; a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]) as a muneage bugyo (ridgepole-raising shogunate administrator) of a newly-built Kumonjo (an administration office) along with MIYOSHI no Yasunobu.
Japanese: 行政の『吾妻鏡』での初見は1184年（元暦元年）8月24日条であり、新造の公文所棟上げの奉行として三善康信とともに登場する。
English: In the Kissho-hajime (the ceremony announcing the start of new official works) of a newly-built Kumonjo in October 6, 1184, he participated in the ceremony as a yoriudo (an officer for Kumonjo) under the bettor, OE no Hiromoto (then called, NAKAHARA no Hiromoto).
Japanese: 同年10月6日条の新造公文所の吉書始では、別当大江広元（当時は中原）の元に寄人として列席している。
English: According to Article September 7 of 1189 in "Azuma Kagami", Yukimasa was in charge of settling a dispute of an incident related to Hachiro YURI (a retainer of FUJIWARA no Yasuhira) who was captured in September 7 during the Battle of Oshu of 1189, and also Article September 8 says that he compiled a report on the Battle of Oshu to be delivered to the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 1189年（文治5年）の奥州合戦では、『吾妻鏡』9月7日条の藤原泰衡の郎従由利八郎を生虜った件での相論を奉行し、また、その翌日の9月8日条には、朝廷への奥州合戦の次第を報告するにあたってそれを行政が書いたことが記されている。
English: In Article September 15 of 1190 which describes the MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's visit to Kyoto, Yukinari was listed as the head of bugyonin (magistrates) who supervised various matters including routes to take, money and other miscellaneous things.
Japanese: その翌年の1190年（建久元年）9月15日条の源頼朝の上洛では路次の事、貢金、その他全体の雑事を沙汰する諸事奉行人の筆頭に行政の名が見える。
English: At the same time, he was frequently named as Sata (an officer in charge of enforcing a lord's order) in "Azuma Kagami", and in Article January 15 of 1191, he was referred to as 'the accountant, FUJIWARA no Asomi Yukinari', which position was ranked second to Betto, OE no Hiromoto.
Japanese: その他、この時期『吾妻鏡』に見える沙汰等に行政の名が多く見られ、『吾妻鏡』1191年（建久2年）1月15日条に政所では別当・大江広元に次ぐ政所令として「主計の允藤原朝臣行政」とある。
English: In 1193, he was conferred Goi (Fifth Rank) and called Minbu no Taifu, and promoted to Betto when Mandokoro bettor employed a multiple-Betto system the same year.
Japanese: その後の1193年（建久4年）、五位に叙され民部大夫と呼ばれるようになり、同年政所別当が複数制になった時に別当に昇格した。
English: According to Article April 12 of 1199 which MINAMOTO no Yoriie who succeeded Yoritomo decided to stop the direct involvement in lawsuits, and 13 senior vassals became in charge of settling a matter through discussion, Minbu no Taifu Yukinari was listed among the vassals along with OE no Hiromoto and MIYOSHI no Yasunobu, indicating that Yukimasa was one of the governmental bureaucrats responsible for practical work to support the early stage of the Kamakura Government.
Japanese: 1199年（正治元年）4月12日条には頼朝の跡を継いだ源頼家が直に諸訴論に関与することを停止し、13人の重臣が合議して決定することになったとあるが、その中に民部大夫行政の名も入っており、大江広元、三善康信と並んで初期鎌倉政権を支えた実務官僚であったことが解る。
English: Another child, Yukimura NIKAIDO, served as a military commissioner and compiled a record of the Battle of WADA and a list of rewards given to soldiers, as shown in the Article May 4 of 1213 written during the Battle of Wada.
Japanese: またもう一人の子二階堂行村は1213年（建暦3）和田合戦における5月4日条においてに「山城判官行村奉行たり。
English: The article describes that 'he was a judge of Yamashiro Province and Yukichika and Tadaie supported him.'
Japanese: 行親・忠家これを相副う」とあり、軍奉行として合戦記・論功行彰を取り纏めている。
English: It is believed that many records written by Yukimasa NIKAIDO, Yukimitsu NIKAIDO and Yukimura NIKAIDO were used in "Azuma Kagami", and some of its descriptions, such as ones in the Article September 15 of 1204 and December 19 of 1213, honor Yukimitsu NIKAIDO.
Japanese: 二階堂行政、二階堂行光、二階堂行村の筆録は『吾妻鏡』の編纂において、かなり利用されていると見られており、吾妻鏡　1204年（元久元）9月15日条、1213年（健保元）12月19日条などには二階堂行光を顕彰する記事も見られる。
English: FUJIWARA no Kiyohira was a warlord in the late Heian period and the founder of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: 藤原清衡（ふじわらのきよひら）は、平安時代後期の武将で奥州藤原氏の祖。
English: He was born as a son of FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo from the local ruling family of Watari County, Mutsu Province (later Iwaki Province), and a daughter of ABE no Yoritoki.
Japanese: 陸奥国（後の磐城国）亘理郡の豪族藤原経清と、安倍頼時の娘の間の子として生まれる。
English: Tsunekiyo of Watari District is said to be a descendant of FUJIWARA no Hidesato (TAWARA no Toda) from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and his name appears as 'Tsunekiyo of Mutsu District' in "Zo Kofukuji Ki" (Records of the Construction of Kofuku-ji Temple), which lists the names of the Fujiwara clan who held the court rank equal to or higher than Goi (Fifth Rank).
Japanese: なお、亘理経清は、藤原北家の藤原秀郷（俵藤太）の子孫とされており、1047年（永承2年）の五位以上の藤原氏交名を記した『造興福寺記』に、「経清六奥」（六奥は陸奥の意）と名前が見えている。
English: It indicates that the Fujiwara clan in the Imperial Court then recognized him as a member of the clan.
Japanese: そのことから、当時藤原氏の一族の係累に連なる者と中央の藤原氏からも認められていたようである。
English: In Zen Kunen no Eki (Earlier Nine Years' War), his father Tsunekiyo turned against MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and supported the Abe clan (in Mutsu Province), who lost in the Battle of Kuriyagawa and he also died with them.
Japanese: 父・経清は前九年の役で源頼義に反旗を翻し安倍氏(奥州)に味方したが厨川の戦いで敗れた安倍氏と最後をともにした。
English: He was to be killed as the heir of an enemy warlord, but then allowed to survive because his mother came to remarry KIYOHARA no Takesada, the first son of warlord KIYOHARA no Takenori who had destroyed the Abe clan, and Kiyohira, as her child, was also adopted by KIYOHARA no Takesada.
Japanese: 敵将の嫡男であったので本来は処刑される運命にあったが、母が安倍氏を滅ぼした敵将である清原武則の長男清原武貞に再嫁することになって危うく難をのがれ、連れ子の清衡も清原武貞の養子となった。
English: The Kiyohara family had KIYOHARA no Sanehira, who was the first son of Takesada and Kiyohira's older brother-in-law, Kiyohira, and KIYOHARA no Iehira, who was Kiyohira's younger maternal half-brother, as well as KIMIKO no Hidetake, who was a cousin and son-in-law of KIYOHARA no Takenori, and thus this complex kinship relationship might easily cause a dispute between the family members.
Japanese: 清原家には、清衡の異父異母兄になる武貞の長子清原真衡、清衡、異父弟になる清原家衡があったうえに、吉彦秀武が清原武則の従兄弟にして娘婿であるなど複雑な血縁関係で結ばれた一族が存在しており、ややもすると血族の間で内紛が起こり易い状態にあった。
English: When Hidetake turned against Sanehira, Kiyohira and Iehira supported Hidetake, and Sanehira, being supported by Governor of Mutsu Province MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, attacked Kiyohira and Iehira.
Japanese: 秀武が真衡に背くと清衡、家衡はこれに同調したため、真衡は陸奥守であった源義家の支援を受けて清衡、家衡を攻めた。
English: The decision of Yoshiie is presumed to have been advantageous to Kiyohira, and many consider that it is because Yoshiie tried to provoke a confrontation in order to weaken the Kiyohara clan.
Japanese: 義家の裁定は清衡に有利なものであったと推測されており、義家が清原氏弱体化を意図し対立を煽ったとする見解が多数存在している。
English: Iehira was of course discontent about the decision, and in 1086, attacked the residence of Kiyohira and killed his wife, children and all family members.
Japanese: 当然、家衡は裁定に不満を持ち、応徳3年（1086年）に清衡の屋敷を襲撃し、妻子眷属を皆殺しにする。
English: Go Sannen no Eki was considered as a private battle between the members of the Kiyohara clan, and no reward nor court rank was awarded to Kiyohira, but he became a powerful man possessing six counties in Mutsu Province as the last survivor of the family.
Japanese: 後三年の役は清原氏の私闘とされ、何の恩賞もなく清衡にも官位の賞与も無かったが、一族最後の残存者として奥六郡を領する勢力者となった。
English: Kiyohira tried to expand his territory based in Toyota Mansion in Esashi County (now in Oshu City), while securing his position as a ruler of Ou region (now Tohoku region) by deepening his relationship with the Fujiwara clan in Kyoto by means such as presenting horses to Kanpaku (imperial regent) FUJIWARA no Morozane in 1091, by paying taxes on behalf of Otakayama-jinja Shrine in Shibata County and Kattamine-jinja Shrine in Katta County, and so on.
Japanese: 清衡は本拠地を江刺郡豊田館（現奥州市）に構え勢力の拡大を図る一方、寛治5年（1091年）に関白藤原師実に貢馬するなど京都の藤原氏と交誼を深め、また柴田郡の大高山神社・刈田郡刈田嶺神社の年貢金を代納する等して、奥羽の統治者としての地位を築いた。
English: In June 1092, Governor of Mutsu Province FUJIWARA no Motoie wrote an official letter alleging that Kiyohira might be plotting an attack, and it is presumed to be around that time that he became Oryoshi (Suppression and Control Agent) (there is another theory saying that he was appointed as Oryoshi in 1089).
Japanese: 寛治6年（1092年）6月の陸奥守藤原基家(陸奥守)の解文では、清衡に合戦の企ての嫌疑がかけられているが、この頃陸奥押領使となったのではないかと推定されている（任押領使を寛治3年（1089年）とする見解もある）。
English: Around Kaho era (1094 - 1095), he moved to Hiraizumi in Iwai County and started to construct the city, which was to be the center of politics and culture.
Japanese: 嘉保年中（1094年-1095年）頃には、磐井郡平泉に居を移し、政治文化の中心都市の建設に着手。
English: In 1108, he started to construct Chuson-ji Temple and the basis of grand medieval city Hiraizumi, which led to 100 years' prosperity of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan over four generations.
Japanese: 1108年には中尊寺造営を開始して壮大な中世都市平泉の原型をつくり、奥州藤原氏四代100年の栄華の基礎を築いた。
English: The construction of Konjiki-do Hall (Golden Hall) of Chuson-ji Temple was completed, with gorgeous decorations of gold, silver and raden (mother-of-pearl inlay work), and in the following year (1128), he died at the age of 73, having a long life for a person of that time.
Japanese: 金銀螺鈿をちりばめた中尊寺金色堂の落慶の翌年（大治3年）、当時としては長命の73歳で没した。
English: In the document known as Chusonji Kuyo Ganmon (Prayer for the Dedication of Chuson-ji Temple), he referred to himself as 'chief of eastern barbarians' and 'head of subjected barbarians.'
Japanese: ちなみに中尊寺供養願文として知られる文書では、自らを「東夷の遠酋」「俘囚の上頭」と表現している。
English: As a result of the investigation of Kiyohira's body buried at Konjiki-do Hall, his blood type is AB and there is no contradiction about the direct line of four generations down to his great-grandson FUJIWARA no Yasuhira.
Japanese: 金色堂に納められた清衡の遺骸を調査した結果、血液型はAB型であり、曾孫の藤原泰衡まで四代直系で矛盾はないとされる。
English: According to an X-ray examination, the left side of the body shows remarkable bone atrophy, which indicates that he suffered partial paralysis due to cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral embolism or cerebral tumor.
Japanese: レントゲン検査によると、左半身に顕著な骨萎縮が見られ、脳溢血、脳栓塞、脳腫瘍などによる半身不随であったと見られる。
English: It is presumed that he developed the disease probably from 1117 to 1119, when he was unlikely to recover and his wife transcribed sutra and dedicated it to a temple.
Japanese: 発症時期は快方が見込めなくなった頃に妻が筆写納経を行った1117年-1119年頃ではないかと推測されている。
English: The age of death is estimated to be over 70, which coincides with the one according to historical materials.
Japanese: 没年齢は歯の状態から70歳以上と見られ、史料の没年齢と矛盾はないとされる。
English: However, her identity is unclear, and there are various theories about it such as a relative of TAIRA no Kunitae who was a maternal relative of his father Tsunekiyo, the Jo clan (Taira clan) in Echigo Province, the Iwaki clan (Kaido-Taira clan), the Daijo clan in Hitachi Province, or a member of the Taira clan in Kyoto, but none of them is decisive.
Japanese: しかし出自に関しては明らかではなく、父経清の母方である平国妙の縁者、越後国城氏(平氏)、海道平氏岩城氏、常陸国大掾氏、都の平氏の誰かなど諸説があるがどれも決め手には欠ける。
English: The postscript of 'Konshiki Kinginji Kosho Issaikyo, Daibon-kyo, Kan 22' (Complete Buddhist Scriptures Written in Gold and Silver on Dark Blue Paper, Mahaprajnaparamita-sutra, Volume 22) indicates that Kiyohira had six sons and three daughters at that time.
Japanese: 「紺紙金銀字交書一切経　大品経　巻二十二」の奥書から、元永2年（1119年）当時清衡には6男3女の子供がいたと見られる。
English: There is a theory that he served at the Imperial Court in Kyoto during Kanji and Kowa era, adopting his wife's surname 'Taira' and is referred to as 'Hyoe no Jo (Lieutenant of the Middle Palace Guards) Kiyohira' and 'TAIRA no Kiyohira' in "Chuyuki" (the diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada).
Japanese: なお、『中右記』に見える「兵衛尉清衡」、「平清衡」を清衡のこととし、寛治～康和年間に、妻の姓である「平」を名乗り在京し任官していたとする説がある。
English: ABE no Nakamaro (698 - 770) was a Japanese student sent to Tang Dynasty China during the Nara Period.
Japanese: 阿倍仲麻呂（あべのなかまろ、文武天皇2年（698年）-宝亀元年（770年））は奈良時代の遣唐留学生。
English: He passed 'Kakyo' (an examination for Chinese state bureaucrats) in Tang and ascended through the ranks to become a high official of Tang Dynasty, but he could not achieve his dream of returning to Japan.
Japanese: 唐で科挙に合格し、唐朝諸官を歴任して高官に登ったが、日本への帰国を果たせなかった。
English: Nakamaro was born the first son of ABE no Funamori in Yamato Province in 698 and praised for his academic ability when he was young.
Japanese: 698年阿倍船守の長男として大和国に生まれ、若くして学才を謳われた。
English: In 717, he accompanied the eighth Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China led by TAJIHI no Agatamori and studied in Changan, the capital of Tang.
Japanese: 717年（霊亀2年）多治比県守が率いる第8次遣唐使に同行して唐の都、長安に留学する。
English: After passing Kakyo, Nakamaro was appointed as a 校書 of 司経局 in Rakuyo in 725, and promoted to 左拾遺 and 左補闕 in 728 and in 731 respectively.
Japanese: 科挙を受験して合格したので、725年洛陽の司経局校書として任官し、728年左拾遺、731年左補闕と官位を重ねた。
English: As Nakamaro mainly assumed the posts of the literature department in the Imperial Court of Tang, he seemed to have fellowship with many Tang poets including Li Po (Rihaku), Wei WANG and Chu Guang-xi, and "Zentoshi" (The Whole Collection of Tang Poetry) contains several poems of Tang poets featuring Nakamaro.
Japanese: 仲麻呂は唐の朝廷で主に文学畑の役職を務めたことから、李白・王維・儲光羲ら数多くの唐詩人と親交していたらしく、『全唐詩』には彼に関する唐詩人の作品がいくつか現存している。
English: In 733, another Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty led by TAJIHI no Hironari (a younger brother of Agatamori) arrived in Tang, but Nakamaro did not embark on the ship to Japan for pursuing further career as an official in Tang.
Japanese: 733年、多治比広成（県守の弟）が率いる遣唐使が来唐したが、さらに唐での官途を追求するため帰国しなかった。
English: The envoy ships set sail for Japan a year later, but only one of them, ship first managed to arrived in Tanegashima Island of Japan after being adrift on the sea, and other three ships were wrecked.
Japanese: 翌年帰国の途に就いた遣唐使一行はかろうじて第1船のみが種子島に漂着、残りの3船は難破した。
English: While the group led by Nashiro managed to arrive in Japan later, another group led by HEGIRI no Hironari, the third officer of the envoy to Tang China, which was captured by Kingdom of Champa after being adrift on the sea, returned to Changan.
Japanese: 名代一行を何とか帰国させると、今度は崑崙国（チャンパ王国）に漂着して捕らえられ、中国に脱出してきた遣唐使判官・平群広成一行4人が長安に戻ってきた。
English: After 35 years of service in Tang, Nakamaro decided to return to Japan with Kiyokawa.
Japanese: すでに在唐35年を経過していた仲麻呂は清河らとともに翌年帰国を図った。
English: On Nakamaro's departure, Wei WANG wrote a poem saying, 'I sent off the chief of secretary department, Choko (Zhao Heng), returning to Japan'.
Japanese: この時王維は「秘書晁監（ひしょちょうかん、「秘書監の晁衡」の意）の日本国へ還るを送る」の別離の詩を詠んでいる。
English: However, ship first which Nakamaro and Kiyokoawa were aboard met a severe storm and drifted southward.
Japanese: しかし、仲麻呂や清河の乗船した第1船は暴風雨に遭って南方へ流される。