nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: For example, Shigekane and Shigenobu were given one portion of the name of Chikashige OTOMO, Harunobu one portion of the name of Chikaharu OTOMO, Shigenobu and his sons Shigemoto and Shigemasa one portion of the name of Yoshishige OTOMO (later Sorin OTOMO).
Japanese: 例えば、上野繁兼、上野繁信は大友親繁の偏諱を、上野治信は大友親治より偏諱を、上野鎮信、上野鎮基親子及び鎮信の弟　上野鎮政は、主君大友義鎮（後の大友宗麟）より偏諱を受けている。
English: Shigenobu gave some advice on household management to Sorin OTOMO but without success, which incident led the clan to leave the Otomo clan.
Japanese: 鎮信は大友宗麟に家政に関して諫言したものの聞き入れられず、一族は大友氏を離れた。
English: Later, the clan was divided into the family that worked as a vassal of the Ryuzoji clan and the one that survived as shoya (village headman) in an agricultural community.
Japanese: その後、竜造寺氏の家臣になった家系、帰農し庄屋として存続した家系とにわかれて存続した。
English: According to "Koenkishusei" (A History of Kisofukushima Town), the clan started when 木曾家佐 (Iesada KISO's son), a nephew of Iemura KISO (claimed to be the seventh descendent of Yoshinaka KISO), the lord of the Kiso family in Kiso-dani Valley, Shinano Province, settled in Ueno, Kiso County.
Japanese: 『高遠記集成』（『木曽福島町史』）によると、信濃国木曾谷の木曾家領主・木曾家村（木曾義仲七世孫と称する）の甥・木曾家佐（木曾家定の子）が木曽郡上野に土着したことから始まるという。
English: The Shin clan was a local ruling family who was influential in the western part of Hoki Province (West Hoki) from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 進氏（しんし）は南北朝時代(日本)から室町時代にかけて伯耆国西部（西伯耆）に勢力を持っていた国人。
English: The Shin clan originated from KI no Narimori who had been a member of the Ki clan, a powerful clan at the end of the Heian period; the Ki clan had had its base in West Hoki and the Shin clan was still powerful in West Hoki especially in Aimi County and Hino County for generations.
Japanese: 進氏は平安時代末期、西伯耆を中心に勢力を誇っていた紀氏、紀成盛を祖とする一族で代々、会見郡から日野郡にかけて権益を持っていた。
English: The clan initially called themselves the Kose clan or the Aimi clan; at the Battle of Mt. Senjo, they rushed to the battlefield to support Emperor Godaigo, and later for the achievements in the battle, they were given Rinji (emperor's important document) and praised by the emperor.
Japanese: 当初は巨勢氏、相見氏ともいい、船上山合戦に馳せ参じた際、その戦功を称えられ後醍醐天皇より綸旨が与えられた。
English: There still remains this Rinji, however, it is unclear whether the Kose clan and the Aimi clan to which the emperor gave this document was the original clan of the Shin clan or not.
Japanese: この綸旨は現在でも実物が伝えられているが、これを与えられた巨勢氏・会見氏が進氏につながる一族であるのか不明な点も多い。
English: The oldest record on the Shin clan is about Fumi-sho Manor in Hoki Province which had been possessed by Kajo-ji Temple of Yamashiro Province; according to the article, in 1345, SHIN no Saburo Nyudo (priest Chokaku) tried to take Ryokeshiki (an economical right as a lord of a manor); Fumi-sho Manor was located near present Yonago City.
Japanese: 文献に見える一番古い記録は興国6年（貞和元年、1345年）の山城国嘉祥寺領伯耆国布美庄に関するもので進三郎入道長覚が領家職を押領しようとしたとの記録が最古である（布美庄は現在の米子市付近に位置していた）。
English: In the Muromachi period, the Shin clan supported the Yamana clan and became a member of Hokishu (the local clans of Hoki Province); at the Onin War, they fought as Hokishu and made achievements, and as a result, they were appointed as Shugodai (deputy of Military Governor) of Hoki Province as well as the Nanjo clan.
Japanese: 室町時代には山名氏のもとで伯耆衆の一員になり応仁の乱に参加、その功によって進美濃守は南条氏と共に伯耆守護代に任じられた。
English: In some records of the administrations, the name of the Shin clan is found as well as the Kogamo clan, Nanjo clan, Murakami clan of Hoki Province and so on which were powerful clans in Hoki Province in those days, therefore, the Shin clan is considered to have been one of such influential clans in West Hoki.
Japanese: このほか中央の文献には当時、伯耆国内で有力であった小鴨氏、南条氏、村上氏_(伯耆国)などと並んで進氏の名が記されており、西伯耆の有力者であったことがうかがい知れる。
English: In the Sengoku period, the Shin clan belonged to powerful clans of Chugoku region, such as the Amako clan which had advanced to Hoki.
Japanese: 進氏は戦国時代に入ると尼子氏など伯耆に侵出してきた中国地方の有力者のもとに属した。
English: This clearly indicates that the Shin clan, who served as Shugodai in the period of Noriyuki YAMANA, began to keep a distance from the Yamana clan for independence in the Meio era.
Japanese: このことからも山名教之の代には守護代を務めたこともある進氏は明応年間に入ると山名氏から離れ自立する動きを見せていたことが明らかになっている。
English: Although there is no record about the clan in years thereafter, in the records after Tensho era, "Shin Shimosa no kami" who was a vassal of the Nanjo clan in East Hoki is found, therefore, presumably some of the clan became vassals of other powerful clans.
Japanese: その後の一族の動向は不明だが、天正年間からは東伯耆の南条氏家臣に進下総守が確認され、一部の者は他の有力者の家臣に組み込まれていったものと推察される。
English: The KOTOKUI family was based in Nanto, Nara, and was a Jige-ke (family status of non-noble retainers who are not allowed into the Emperor's living quarters in the imperial palace)that served and practiced Onmyodo (a way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements).under the government.
Japanese: 幸徳井家（こうとくいけ/かでいけ）は、南都奈良を根拠地とした陰陽道を家業とする地下家の官人。
English: The KOTOKUI family descended from the ABE clan; however, since the first family head, Tomoyuki KOTOKUI was adopted by the KAMO clan, the family is considered as part of the KAMO line.
Japanese: 阿倍氏の末裔であるが、初代幸徳井友幸が賀茂氏の養子であったために、賀茂氏系とされるのが一般的である。
English: Tomonori was adopted by Sadahiro KAMO and changed his name to" Tomoyuki KAMO" in 1419.
Japanese: しかし、応永26年（1419年）にその養子縁組となり「賀茂友幸」と名乗った。
English: Tomoyuki was appointed to the Jugomi-ge (Junior Lower Fifth Rank) in October, 1423, then to the Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1454, and finally to Seisanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 1463.
Japanese: 友幸は応永30年（1423年）10月に従五位下に叙任され、享徳2年（1454年）に従三位、寛正4年（1463年）には正三位となる。
English: He later built his residence at Kotokui in the Takahatasaiwai village, located in the suburbs of Nara, and served the Monzeki (successor of a temple), Jinson at the Kofuku-ji Temple Daijo.
Japanese: しかし、後に奈良郊外の高畠幸村（たかはたさいわいむら）の幸徳井という地に居宅を構えて興福寺大乗院門跡尋尊に仕えた。
English: Aside from accomplishing his duties of Onmyodo and Rekido (study of the calendar), he also served as political advisor to Jinson.
Japanese: 尋尊のもとで友幸は陰陽道や暦道のことのみならず、政治顧問的な役目を果たしていたとされる。
English: After Tomoyuki's death in 1473 at age 83, his son, Tomoshige KOTOKUI took over his duties, and was appointed to the shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) by Jinson's recommendation.
Japanese: 文明_(日本)5年（1473年）に友幸が83歳で没した後も、子の幸徳井友重も尋尊に仕えてその推挙で正三位まで昇った。
English: The KOTOKUI family formed a lord-and-vassal relationship with the Kofuku-ji Temple, and backed by the temple's influence, controlled all things concerning the Onmyodo-Rekido of Nanto including Nichiji Kanjin (a way of divining something according to the time and day) to the shrines and temples as well as supervision of the Onmyoji (a master of Yin yang) and the Shomonji (a group of itinerant performers whose work encompassed both non-performance activites and religious rituals).
Japanese: 以後、幸徳井家は興福寺と事実上の主従関係を結び、その力を背景に南都社寺への日時勘申を初め、陰陽師・声聞師の監督など南都に関する陰陽道・暦道に関する全てを取り仕切った。
English: There was a time when the KOTOKUI-reki Calendar was utilized instead of the one created by the Onmyoryo of Kyoto since the Onmyoryo calendar fell out of favor as the political situation of the time grew unsteady.
Japanese: 政情不安で機能停止した京都の陰陽寮に代わって幸徳井家による独自の暦（幸徳井暦）が編纂されたこともあった。
English: Onmyo no kami (Director of the Onmyoryo), Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO, the head of the Soke (head family) of the ABE clan, announced his resignation due to his disappointment in repeated mistakes in policy
Japanese: 江戸時代に入って当時の安倍氏宗家の当主であった陰陽頭土御門泰重が度々の不手際による失意から辞意を表明した。
English: However, the Kadenokoji family, the soke of the KAMO clan, which rivaled the ABE clan in Onmyodo, had died out.
Japanese: しかし、当時既に安倍氏と並ぶ陰陽道の元締とされていた賀茂氏宗家であった勘解由小路家（賀茂氏系）勘解由小路家（かでのこうじけ）は断絶していた。
English: Subsequently, the ninth head of the KOTOKUI family, Tomokage KOTOKUI became the Onmyo no kami in 1618.
Japanese: そのため、元和_(日本)4年（1618年）に幸徳井家9代目にあたる幸徳井友景が陰陽頭に任じられた。
English: Since then, Tomotane KOTOKUI and Tomosuke KOTOKUI, of the KOTOKUI family were successively chosen as Onmyo no kami; however, Shigenori later regretted his decision, and tried to regain the position from the KOTOKUI's.
Japanese: 以後、幸徳井友種・幸徳井友傳と幸徳井家出身の陰陽頭が続くが、後に泰重がこれを後悔して幸徳井家より陰陽頭の地位を取り戻そうとした。
English: However, Shigenori could not regain his credibility, and thus, the TSUCHIMIKADO family (the ABE clan) fell on hard times.
Japanese: だが、泰重が失った信頼が回復できずに土御門家_(安倍氏)は不遇の時代を迎える。
English: In 1670, Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO insisted on not only acquiring the position of Onmyo no kami, but also the right to rule the Onmyoji and the Shomonji throughout Japan.
Japanese: だが、寛文10年（1670年）に土御門泰福が陰陽頭の地位のみならず、全国の陰陽師・声聞師の支配権を主張した。
English: Tomosuke, backed by the Kofuku-ji Temple, resisted the challenge; however, he suddenly died at the age of 35 in 1682.
Japanese: 友傳は興福寺の支援を受けてこれに抵抗するが、天和_(日本)2年（1682年）に友傳が35歳で急死してしまう。
English: Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO was appointed to succeed the Onmyo no kami since the successor, Tomonobu KOTOKUI was still an infant.
Japanese: 後継者の幸徳井友信は幼少であるために、土御門泰福が後任の陰陽頭に任じらた。
English: Moreover, he pressured Tomonobu KOTOKUI to swear the KOTOKUI family's allegence to the TSUCHIMIKADO family, and to recognize the TSUCHIMIKADO family solely as the Soke of the Onmyodo,
Japanese: 更に元禄2年（1699年）には幸徳井友信に圧力をかけて、土御門家のみを陰陽道宗家として幸徳井家はその配下となることを誓約させられた。
English: Since then, as Onmyo no suke under the TSUCHIMIKADO family, the KOTOKUI family managed only the Rekichu (the annotation for the calendar) (although there was an exception when Yasukiyo KOTOKUI was appointed to Onmyo no kami in 1754 due to disturbance within the TSUCHIMIKADO family).
Japanese: 以後、幸徳井家は代々陰陽助として土御門家の指示のもとに暦注のみを管轄した（ただし、宝暦4年（1754年）に土御門家内部の混乱から幸徳井保暠が陰陽頭に任命された例外がある）。
English: However, even with their powerful influence, the TSUCHIMIKADO family was not able to interfere with the relationship between the KOTOKUI family and Nanto shrines like the Kofuku-ji Temple; therefore, the KOTOKUI family continued to oversee the Nichiji Kanjin (a way of divining something according to the time and day) to the Nanto shrines and temples among other tasks.
Japanese: ただし、土御門家といえども幸徳井家と興福寺などの南都社寺との関係に直接干渉することは出来ず、南都社寺への日時勘申などは引き続き幸徳井家が担当している。
English: Once six members of the KOTOKUI family achieved the status of the Kugyo (a court noble), they petitioned for the status of peerage after the Meiji Restoration; however, their petition was denied by the Meiji government
Japanese: 明治維新後、歴代中公卿を6名輩出した実績を根拠に華族への取立てを請願するも、明治政府より却下されている。
English: There is a theory that Shusui KOTOKU, a socialist during the Meiji Period, was a descendant from a branch of the KOTOKUI family.
Japanese: なお、明治の社会主義者・幸徳秋水は幸徳井家の傍流の子孫とする説がある。
English: Tanba Province was one of the old provinces of Japan, located in San'indo.
Japanese: 丹波国（たんばのくに）は、かつて日本の地方行政区分だった令制国の一つで、山陰道に位置する。
English: It covered the middle part of the present Kyoto prefecture, the east end of the present Hyogo prefecture, part of the present Takatsuki city in Osaka prefecture, and part of Toyono town, Toyono District in Osaka prefecture.
Japanese: 現在の京都府中部と兵庫県東辺の一部、および大阪府高槻市の一部・大阪府豊能郡豊能町の一部にあたる。
English: Together with Tango Province, it was sometimes called "Tanshu."
Japanese: 丹後国とあわせて、あるいは単独で丹州（たんしゅう）と呼ばれることがあった。
English: Because there seems to have been a woman named Tanba as a consort to an emperor, it appears that the name "Tanba" has existed since ancient times.
Japanese: 6世紀ころには「丹波」の名のつく女性が天皇の后となっていることから古代より丹波の名称はあったらしい。
English: When Tanba Province was formed in the seventh century, its territory spanned from the middle and north areas of the present Kyoto prefecture to the east end of the north and middle areas of the present Hyogo prefecture.
Japanese: 7世紀に丹波国が成立したときの領域は、現在の京都府の中部と北部、兵庫県の北部および中部の東辺に及んでいた。
English: Although the date is unknown, at some point the north-west area separated off as Tajima Province, and after that, five districts in north separated as Tango Province on April 3, 713, establishing boundaries that would last long after.
Japanese: 年号不明であるが北西部を但馬国、その後、和銅6年（713年）4月3日に北部5郡を丹後国として分離し、後世まで長く続く領域が定まった。
English: Basically, there are three big basins having different rivers; the Kameoka Basin, the Yura (Fukuchiyama) Basin and the Sasayama Basin, separated from each other by mountains.
Japanese: 丹波国は大まかに言って亀岡盆地、由良（福知山）盆地、篠山盆地のそれぞれ母川の違う大きな盆地があり、互いの間を山地が隔てている。
English: For this reason, Tanba was harder to unite as one province than other provinces like Kai, Owari and Tosa, and that made the history of Tanba complicated.
Japanese: このため、丹波国は甲斐国や尾張国、土佐国のように一国単位で結束した歴史を持ちにくい性質があり、丹波の歴史を複雑化した。
English: As for regional characteristics, the Nantan (Kuchitanba) area with Kameoka and Sonobe was closely linked to Yamashiro and Settsu Provinces, the Chutan area with Fukuchiyama and Ayabe to Tango and Tajima Provinces, and the Hyogo Tanba area with Sasayama, and Hikami to Tajima, Settsu and Harima Provinces.
Japanese: 地域性として亀岡・園部の南丹（口丹波）地方は山城国・摂津国、福知山・綾部の中丹は丹後・但馬、篠山・氷上の兵庫丹波は但馬・摂津・播磨国に密接に係わっている。
English: Since ancient times, authorities have regarded Tanba as an important area due to its geographic situation as one of the entrances to Kyoto, so Tanba was, just like Harima and Yamato provinces, under control of the Rokuhara Tandai in the Kamakura period and the Kyoto Shoshidai in the Edo period.
Japanese: 丹波国は古くより京都の出入口に当たる地理的条件から各時代の権力者から重要視され、播磨や大和などと並んで鎌倉時代の六波羅探題や江戸時代の京都所司代などの支配を受けた。
English: All the more because of this, Tanba became involved in the conflicts and wars of the capital as soon as they broke out.
Japanese: ただそれだけにひとたび都で戦乱が起こった時は戦乱にすぐ巻き込まれた。
English: It was also the stage for some big upheavals in Japanese history, for example, when Takauji ASHIKAGA raised his army in Shinomura (now Shino-cho in Kameoka city) at the end of the Kamakura period, and in the Azuchi-momoyama period, when Mitsuhide AKECHI, the lord of Kameyama Castle, probably following such an example, started the Incident at Honno-ji.
Japanese: そして篠村（亀岡市篠町）では、鎌倉時代末期には足利尊氏が挙兵し、安土桃山時代にも亀山城(丹波国)主の明智光秀が本能寺の変へと向う際にそれに倣ったとされるなど、時代変革の舞台ともなった。
English: Though the story is less famous, in the Sengoku period, the Hatano clan at Yakami Castle united the other clans in Tanba and advanced into surrounding provinces like Yamashiro.
Japanese: さほど有名ではないが、戦国時代(日本)に八上城の波多野氏は丹波諸豪族をまとめると、これを率いて山城国など周辺諸国に進出したこともある。
English: In Edo period, though there were not any daimyo who governed the whole province, instead there were seven "domains" (han) in the province; Tanba-Kameyama, Sonobe, Ayabe, Yamaga, Sasayama (Yakami), Tanba-Kaibara, and Fukuchiyama Domain.
Japanese: 江戸時代は一国を有する大名は出なかったものの一国7藩（丹波亀山藩、園部藩、綾部藩、山家藩、篠山藩（八上藩）、丹波柏原藩、福知山藩があった。
English: As for Tanba-Kameyama and Sasayama domains in particular, it shows how the Tokugawa shogunate regarded them as important that "Fudai daimyo" like Matsudaira and Aoyama were often transferred there, and that governors there often served as Roju, Jisha-bugyo, the Kyoto Shoshidai and Osakajodai.
Japanese: そのうち、丹波亀山藩と篠山藩については松平氏や青山氏を中心として譜代大名による移封が多く、藩主が老中や寺社奉行、京都所司代、大坂城代を歴任するなど徳川幕府の重視する藩であったことがわかる。
English: During the Meiji Restoration, partisans of the Emperor formed the Yamaguni-tai in Yamagunigou, Kitakuwada District (the present Keihoku, Ukyo-ward, Kyoto city) and the Yumiya-tai in Umajimura, Minamikuwada District, following San'indo Chinbu Sotoku Kinmochi SAIONJI from one place to another to fight.
Japanese: 明治維新の際、北桑田郡山国郷（現在の京都市右京区京北）で勤皇を標榜する山国隊が、南桑田郡馬路村（現在の亀岡市馬路町）では弓箭隊が結成され、山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望に従って各地を転戦した。
English: At that time, Kojuro NAKAGAWA, who was the son of a Yumiya-tai member and later established Ritsumeikan University, met Saionji.
Japanese: このとき、弓箭隊の郷士の息子である中川小十郎（後の立命館大学の創立者）が西園寺と出会うことになる。
English: On December 19, 1871, Kuwada, Funai and Ikaruga Districts were joined to Kyoto prefecture, and Amada, Hikami and Taki Districts became part of Toyooka Prefecture.
Japanese: 廃藩置県後の明治4年（1871年）12月19日の第1次府県統合により、桑田郡、船井郡、何鹿郡は京都府に、天田郡、氷上郡、多紀郡は豊岡県に分けられた。
English: Furthermore, on August 21, 1876, in the second prefectural consolidation, Toyooka Prefecture was dissolved, and Amada District was annexed to Kyoto Prefecture while Hikami and Taki Districts were annexed to Hyogo prefecture.
Japanese: さらに、明治9年（1876年）8月21日の第2次府県統合により豊岡県は廃止され、天田郡が京都府に、氷上郡、多紀郡の二郡が兵庫県に編入されることとなった。
English: After that, on April 1,1958, in the municipal consolidation, Kashida-mura in Minamikuwada District, Kyoto prefecture was annexed to Takatsuki city, Osaka prefecture, and Maki and Terada areas in Nishibetsuin-mura, Kameoka city, Kyoto prefecture became part of Toyono town, Toyono District, Osaka prefecture.
Japanese: その後、昭和33年（1958年）4月1日の市町村合併により、京都府南桑田郡樫田村が大阪府高槻市に、京都府亀岡市西別院村の牧、寺田地区が大阪府豊能郡豊能町に編入されている。
English: The Kokufu was placed in Kuwada District, and there are various theories about its location: that it was at the Chiyokawa site in the present Kameoka city, or at the present Yagi-cho Yaga in Nantan city (the former Yagi-cho Yaga in Funai District) or at Miyake-cho in Kameoka city (there is another theory that it was a Kokuga), but the precise location is still unclear.
Japanese: 国府は桑田郡にあり、現在の亀岡市千代川遺跡または南丹市八木町屋賀（旧船井郡八木町屋賀）または亀岡市三宅町（国衙との説もある）にあてる説があるが、未だ確定していない。
English: In Engi-shiki Jinmyo-cho, there are four taisha with five gods enshrined and sixty-five shosha with sixty six gods enshrined, sixty-nine shrines with seventy-one gods enshrined in total.
Japanese: 延喜式神名帳には大社5座4社・小社66座65社の計71座69社が記載されている。
English: Kitakuwada District (Keihoku, Ukyo-ward and Hirogawara, Sakyo-ward in Kyoto city, Miyama town, Nantan city and Kamiyoshi, Yagi-cho in Kyoto prefecture)
Japanese: 北桑田郡（京都市右京区京北・左京区広河原、南丹市美山町(京都府)・八木町神吉）
English: Funai District (Kyo-Tanba town, the part of Hiyoshi-cho in Nantan city, Kyoto prefecture, Sonobe-cho and Yagi-cho except the former Kamiyoshi -mura in Kitakuwada District, which was annexed in 1955)
Japanese: 船井郡（ふない：京丹波町、南丹市日吉町(京都府)・園部町・八木町のうち旧北桑田郡神吉村（1955年に編入）を除く地域）
English: Amada District (A part of Fukuchiyama city except the former Saga-mura in Ikaruga District, the former Kumohara-mura in Yosa District(which has been joined to Amada District since 1902) and the former Oe-cho in Kasa District.)
Japanese: 天田郡（あまだ：福知山市のうち旧何鹿郡佐賀村、旧与謝郡雲原村（1902年以降は天田郡）、旧加佐郡大江町(京都府)を除く地域）
English: Nantan or Kuchitan (all part of Tanba), Kameoka city, Nantan city (including the former Sonobe-cho, Yagi-cho, Hiyoshi-cho in Funai District and Miyama-cho in Kitakuwada District) and Funai District.
Japanese: 南丹または口丹（くちたん：全域丹波）亀岡市・南丹市（旧船井郡園部町・八木町・日吉町、北桑田郡美山町）・船井郡
English: Chutan (the area extends over Tanba and Tango), Fukuchiyama city, Ayabe city and Maizuru city (the former Amada, Ikaruga and Kasa Districts.)
Japanese: 中丹（ちゅうたん：丹波と丹後にまたがる地域）福知山市・綾部市・舞鶴市（旧天田郡・旧何鹿郡・旧加佐郡）
English: Hyogo Tanba, with Sasayama and Tanba cities, makes up in population and area about 20% of the Tanba region, but Kyoto Tanba, with cities such as Kameoka, Nantan, Ayabe, Fukuchiyama and Kyotanba town in Funai District, is much bigger.
Japanese: 丹波の範囲は、現在の兵庫県側は篠山市及び丹波市で人口・面積ともに全体の2割弱、京都府側は亀岡市、南丹市、船井郡京丹波町、綾部市、福知山市であるので、兵庫県部分より京都府部分のほうが広大。
English: The reason why Tanba is divided into "Hyogo Tanba" and "Kyoto Tanba" is that it extends into both prefectures according to the present administrative divisions.
Japanese: 兵庫丹波・京都丹波と分類することは現在の行政区分により丹波が2府県にまたがるためである。
English: In the first place, Tanba, Tajima and Tango were divided up into two prefectures by people like Toshimichi OKUBO in the Meiji government who wanted to strengthen centralized control, ignoring their regional similarities.
Japanese: そもそも丹波は、中央集権体制を進める明治政府の大久保利通らにより、但馬・丹後を含め似通った地域性を無視して2府県に分けられた。
English: Except Kameoka city, the former Sonobe-cho and Yagi-cho in the Funai District, these areas were far from the capitals of each prefecture, and were not considered important by the national government, and the population grew smaller and smaller during the period of high economic growth.
Japanese: 亀岡市及び旧船井郡園部町、八木町を除き都道府県庁所在地から遠くはなれ、両府県および国の施策からは重きを置かれずにいたので、高度経済成長にいっそうの過疎が強まった。
English: Furthermore, for 5 years from November 2, 1871 to August 21, 1876, while Kuwada, Ikaruga and Funai Districts and Yamashiro province were part of Kyoto prefecture, Hikami, Taki and Amada Districts, Tajima and Tango provinces were part of Toyooka prefecture.
Japanese: なお、1871年（明治4年）11月2日～1876年（明治9年）8月21日の約5年間は、桑田、何鹿、船井3郡および山城国が京都府、氷上、多紀、天田3郡および但馬、丹後が豊岡県と言う構成であった。
English: It was the proposal of Mr. Tsutomu SAKURAI of the former Izushi Domain that Toyooka prefecture be divided up into two areas, annexing Amada District and Tango to Kyoto while annexing Hikami and Taki Districts and Tajima to Hyogo, but he seems to have suggested consolidating Toyooka prefecture and Shikama prefecture (Harima province) at first.
Japanese: 豊岡県を二分し、天田郡と丹後が京都府、氷上、多紀2郡と但馬が兵庫県に編入されることになったのは旧出石藩士の桜井勉氏の案であるが、当初桜井氏は豊岡県全域と飾磨県（播磨）との合併を進言したようである。
English: In November 2004, as the result of the consolidation, the former Hikami District announced itself as Tanba city over the opposition of the surrounding areas, although it was the whole former Tanba region that made the name known widely, and not only Sasayama city, which was proud of itself as the city that established some famous brands like "Tanba kuromame (black soybean)", "Tanba matsutake (mushroom)", etc. (from Kobe shinbun, July 17, 2003, etc.), but also the mayor of Ayabe city in Kyoto opposed it (from Kyoto shinbun, July 5, 2003).
Japanese: 丹波の名を広めたのは旧丹波国全域であり、「丹波黒豆」や「丹波松茸」などの丹波ブランドを確立したと自負している篠山市に加え神戸新聞2003年7月17日付記事など、京都府内の綾部市長からも反対の声があったにも関らず京都新聞2003年7月5日、2004年（平成16年）11月、旧氷上郡が町村合併で周囲の反対を押し切る形で丹波市を名乗った。
English: At that time, there was a Tanba town in Kyoto, though there was no legal issue of competition, due to the difference between town and city, and the problem itself disappeared when Tanba town consolidated with the surrounding towns and renamed itself Kyotanba town on October 11, 2005.
Japanese: 2004年当時、丹波町（京都府）が存在していたが、市町の違いがあるので、競合そのものに法律上の問題はなかったが、丹波町が周辺の町と合併して京丹波町が発足した2005年（平成17年）10月11日をもって、丹波市・丹波町の並存は解消した。
English: Tanba and Tango together are called "Ryo-Tan" (the two "Tan"s), Tanba and Tajima are called "Tan-Tan," and Tanba, Tango and Tajima are called "San-Tan" (the three "Tan"s) all together.
Japanese: 丹波と丹後をあわせて両丹（りょうたん）、丹波と但馬をあわせて但丹または丹但（たんたん）、丹波と丹後、但馬をあわせて三たん（さんたん）と呼ばれる。
English: Telephone Number: Tel. 0774-63-1122/Fax. 0774-63-4781
Japanese: 電話番号　TEL0774-63-1122　FAX0774-63-4781
English: Kyoutanabe City is a city in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, located near the border with Osaka Prefecture and Nara Prefecture.
Japanese: 京田辺市（きょうたなべし）は、京都府南部の大阪府・奈良県との県境近くに位置する市。
English: Kyoutanabe is in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture near the cities of Yawata and Jouyou, and the towns of Tsuzuki-gun Ide and Souraku-gun Seika, as well as Hirakata City in Osaka Prefecture, and Ikoma City in Nara Prefecture; it is located at the intersection of three prefectures.
Japanese: 京田辺市は京都府南部、八幡市・城陽市・綴喜郡井手町・相楽郡精華町・大阪府枚方市・奈良県生駒市と接し、三府県の三角地帯の中央部に位置する。
English: The city is in between the Kizu River to the east, which runs north-south, and the Ikoma mountains to the west; and the West Japan Railway Katamachi Line and the Kintetsu Kyoto Line run through the middle of the city.
Japanese: 市の東側を南北に沿って流れる木津川(京都府)と、西側の生駒山系に挟まれており、中心部を西日本旅客鉄道片町線・近畿日本鉄道近鉄京都線が通る。
English: It became the 12th city in Kyoto Prefecture, the first in 20 years after Yawata City, and the 669th City nationwide.
Japanese: 京都府で八幡市以来20年振り12番目、全国で669番目の市として誕生した。
English: Kyoto Tsuzuki-gun Tanabe Chou (Town) was made a city by the name of Kyoto Tanabe City, in order to avoid confusion with Tanabe City in Wakayama Prefecture, and then had its name changed to Kyoto Kyoutanabe City (it was added "Kyo"of Kyoto) the same day.
Japanese: その際和歌山県田辺市との重複を避けるため、京都府の「京」を冠して『京田辺市』となった京都府綴喜郡田辺町を「京都府田辺市」とする町を市とする処分（市制施行）と、「京都府田辺市」を「京都府京田辺市」とする市の名称変更が、同日に実施されている。
English: Yamashiro Tanabe Post Office (610-03) (Neighboring Tsuzuki-gun Ide-chou is included in its delivery area)
Japanese: 山城田辺郵便局（610-03）（隣接する綴喜郡井手町も配達区域に含まれる）
English: (to Takarazuka St. - Kitashinchi St. - Kyoubashi St. (Osaka)) Matsui Yamate St. - Osumi St. - Kyoutanabe St. - Doshisha-mae St. - JR Miyamaki St. (to Kizu St. (Kyoto))
Japanese: （宝塚駅・北新地駅・京橋駅(大阪府)方面～）松井山手駅・大住駅・京田辺駅・同志社前駅・JR三山木駅（～木津駅(京都府)方面）
English: (to Kyoto St. - Kintetsu Tanbabashi St. - Okubo St. - (Kyoto)) Shin-Tanabe St. - Koudo St. - Miyamaki St. - Kintetsu Miyazu St. (to Takanohara St. - Yamato Saidaiji St. - Kintetsu Nara St. - Kashiharajingumae St.)
Japanese: （京都駅・近鉄丹波橋駅・大久保駅(京都府)方面～）新田辺駅・興戸駅・三山木駅・近鉄宮津駅（～高の原駅・大和西大寺駅・近鉄奈良駅・橿原神宮前駅方面）
English: Kintetsu Shintanabe and JR Kyoutanabe Stations function as the center of Kyoutanabe City's downtown, while Matsui Yamate Station is at the heart of Keihan East Rose Town.
Japanese: 近鉄新田辺駅とJR京田辺駅は京田辺市街の中心、松井山手駅は京阪東ローズタウンの中心駅として機能している。