nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The credibility of this document has been a controversial issue in the society of Japanese history that majority of them viewed as false; however, an old document that was found in the house of a wealthy farmer, the Nagatomi family (the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA who was the chairman of Kajima Corporation and the former advisor of the Kusunoki family council) in Shinzaike, Ibokawa-cho in Ibo-gun, Hyogo Prefecture and it was revealed that this geneology recorded in this manuscrit during the late Edo Period was actually copied from an old document.
Japanese: 上嶋家文書の真偽をめぐって学界では意見がわかれ、概ね否定的見解が主流であったが、後にその記載内容を裏書きする古文書が兵庫県揖保郡揖保川町新在家の豪農であった永富家（元楠木同族会顧問　鹿島建設株式会社会長鹿島守之助の生家）から発見され、この系図は江戸後期の写しであっても、古本を書写したものであることが証明された。
English: Even after the unification of the Courts, Kusunoki families continued to be active, producing some of the notable figures such as Masahide KUSUNIKI and Mitsumasa KUSUNOKI, who served as military commanders of Gonancho (Second Southern Court).
Japanese: 南北朝合一後に後南朝の武将としても楠木正秀や楠木光正ら楠木氏一族が確認できる。
English: During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), Masatora KUSUNOKI, who calls himself as the descendant of Masashige KUSUNOKI appeared and made efforts on restoring impaired reputation of the Kusunoki clan, who he thought was treated as gyakuzoku (rebel) by the Imperial court as having done them an ill office during the era of Ashikaga Shogunate that backed up the Northern Court, seeking assistance from Imperial court and Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)には楠木正成の末裔と自称する楠木正虎なる人物が現れ、北朝を擁立した足利幕府の時代に朝廷（北朝）に仇をなしたとして逆賊扱いであった楠木氏の名誉回復のために、朝廷や織田信長に援助を求めて名誉回復に尽力した。
English: During the Edo period, Shosetsu YUI, who was the catalyst of Keian Incident, learned military science from Masatatsu (or Fuden) KUSUNOKI and became the husband of his daughter.
Japanese: 江戸時代には、慶安の変を起こした由井正雪が正虎の子という楠木正辰（楠木不伝）に軍学を学び、正辰の娘婿となった。
English: From the time when the Southern Court became well recogized as the orthodox Imperial court, Masashige KUSUNOKI and the Kusunoki clan were praised as the representative of loyal subjects and were even rewarded.
Japanese: 南朝が正統な朝廷とする史観が定着するや、楠木正成や楠木氏は忠臣の代表として賞賛され、顕彰されるようになる。
English: Although there were many families who were identified as being descendants of the Kusuniki clan, it was not possible to confirm whether they were direct descendants, even when the state power of the Meiji government was used.
Japanese: しかし、明治政府の国家権力を以てしても、楠木氏末裔を称する氏族は数多いものの、楠木氏の直系の子孫を確認する事はできなかった。
English: Therefore, although other loyal families of the Southern Court such as the Kikuchi clan and the Nawa clan were raised to the peerage, there has been no peerage from the Kusuniki clan.
Japanese: そのため、同じ南朝の忠臣でも、菊池氏や名和氏などは子孫が華族に列したが、楠木氏からは華族は生まれていない。
English: It is said that the song writer Ujo NOGUCHI, who was active between the end of Meiji Period and the early Showa Period, is the descendant of Masaki KUSUNOKI and the younger brother of Masashige KUSUNOKI.
Japanese: 明治末から昭和初期の作詞家野口雨情の先祖は、正成の弟にあたる楠木正季であるという。
English: It is also said that Ko KUSUNOKI, a geologist and geophysist who served three times as the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) is the descendant of Masashige KUSUNOKI.
Japanese: また、地理学者・地球物理学で南極地域観測隊を3次にわたって務めた楠宏は楠木正成の子孫にあたるという。
English: Later, the Kusunoki family council was formed in the Minatogawa-jinja Shrine by the those who were finally confirmed as the descendants of the Kusunoki clan during the Dai-Nanko 600 years anniversary held in 1935 and is still active today.
Japanese: その後、1935年（昭和10年）の大楠公600年祭時に、ついに確認された楠木氏子孫によって、湊川神社内に楠木同族会が結成されて現在に至っている。
English: The clan derived from Ishibashi-mura villages in various Provinces including Kai, Mino, Shimotsuke, Mikawa, Owari, Sagami, Musashi, Hitachi.
Japanese: 甲斐国､美濃国､下野国､三河国､尾張国､相模国､武蔵国､常陸国等に石橋村がありこれ等より起こる。
English: Assuming that the name Ishibashi is derived from the name of a place, some writings including "Seishi Kakei Daijiten" (a large dictionary of Japanese surnames) state that Kazuyoshi (or Masayoshi) Ishibashi adopted his surname from a place called Ishibashi, Shimotsuke Province, but the origin of the name Ishibashi is unclear because there are many places called Ishibashi; in addition to Ishibashi in Shitara County in Mikawa Province, the Ashikaga clan's territory in the Kamakura period, or another Ishibashi in Kyoto, there are the places which were named after a stone bridge (Ishibashi literally means 'Stone Bridge') throughout Japan.
Japanese: 石橋の名を地名に由来するのもだとすると、『姓氏家系大辞典』等では、下野国石橋が和義の名字のもととなったと想定しているが、鎌倉期の足利家領三河国設楽郡内にも石橋の地名があるし、京都市中にも石橋の地名があり、全国各地に石の橋に因んで存在し、未だに由来が判然としない。
English: It is possible that the clan, which was promoted to Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA's shukuro (chief vassal) and hyojoshu (members of council of state), needed a name as a clan.
Japanese: 何れにしても、石橋氏の呼称は足利直義派宿老及び評定衆の筆頭にまで上り詰めたため、一家として名を表すことが必要だった事によるものであると考えられる。
English: Yoshitoshi ASHIKAGA, a son of Ieuji ASHIKAGA who was the illegitimate eldest son of Yasuuji ASHIKAGA, inherited Hirosawa-go, Kozuke Province and changed his name to Yoshitoshi HIROSAWA.
Japanese: 足利泰氏の庶長子足利家氏の子義利は上野国広沢郷を伝領し、広沢義利と名乗った。
English: Kazuyoshi followed Takauji ASHIKAGA with Takatsune SHIBA of head family of the Ishibashi family and when Takauji escaped to Saigoku (western part of Japan), he was appointed as a guard of the Mitsuishi-jo Castle of the Bizen Province.
Japanese: 和義は宗家である斯波高経の下、足利尊氏に従い、尊氏西走の時、備前国三石城の守備を任された。
English: This success led him to serve as Shugo (a military governor) of Hoki, Bingo, and Wakasa Provinces as well as hold some main posts of the Muromachi Shogunate such as Kanto-bugyo (a commissioner of the appointment to an office), Hikitsuke tonin (chairman of the court of justice) and hyojosho (a member of the Council of State).
Japanese: これにより、伯耆国、備後国、若狭国などの守護を歴任したほか官途奉行、引付頭人、評定衆等と室町幕府の重役を歴任した。
English: However, in 1363, he had an argument with his second cousin Takatsune SHIBA and lost all his posts.
Japanese: しかし貞治2年（1363年）、再従兄弟である斯波高経と対立し、全役職をとかれて失脚してしまう。
English: Kazuyoshi was the first clan member to be appointed as Shugo by the Ashikaga government, but one year service was not long enough to vassalize local lords, which fact partly resulted in his rapid decline.
Japanese: また、足利政権から正式に守護に選ばれたのは、一族で和義が最初であったが、在国一年程度では国人の被官化には繋がらずそれが、勢力を急速に落とした要因にも成っている。
English: In 1366, after Takatsune SHIBA's downfall, Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA ordered Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI, Kazuyoshi's son, to cooperate with the Oshu governor Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to search out and kill Haruie KIRA.
Japanese: 貞治5年（1366年）、斯波高経が失脚すると征夷大将軍足利義詮は和義の子石橋棟義を抜擢して奥州管領斯波直持と吉良貞経と協力して吉良治家を追討させた。
English: According to the legend of Shionomatsu, the Utsunomiya clan, dispatched by Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kamakura region) who placed Ou under his jurisdiction, entered Shionomatsu in 1392, but rebellious Akimochi OSAKI, Oshu Tandai (supervisor for the civil government and military affairs in Oshu), in cooperation with Mitsunobu KASAI, searched out and killed the Utsunomiya clan in 1400.
Japanese: 塩松の伝承に拠れば、奥羽まで管轄下に置く事になった鎌倉公方・足利氏満によって1392年宇都宮氏が塩松に入部してきたが、反発する奥州探題・大崎詮持が1400年に葛西満信らと共に宇都宮氏を追討。
English: The Osaki clan which defeated the Utsunomiya clan dispatched Mochiyoshi OSAKI, Akimochi's uncle, to Shionomatsu as Mochiyoshi SHIONOMATSU.
Japanese: 同氏が討った大崎氏は詮持の叔父・大崎持義を塩松持義として入部させる。
English: A few years later (or a few decades later according to some people), Mochiyoshi died and Mitsuhiro ISHIBASHI (Muneyoshi's son) who belonged to Mochiyoshi's family reportedly entered Shionomatsu as Mochiyoshi's son-in-law.
Japanese: 数年後（十数年後とも）、持義も没してしまったため、同族に当たる石橋満博（棟義の子）が持義の女婿として入部したとされる。
English: After that, in the Shocho and Eikyo eras, a direct descendant called 'Saemon-no-suke-nyudo ISHIBASHI' was living in Kyoto, while, as "Mansai Jugo Nikki" (Mansai's diary) states '奥篠河殿、並伊達蘆名白河懸田川俣塩松石橋也' (Lord Sasagawa and Date, Ashina, Shirakawa, Kakeda, Kawamata, Shionomatsu, Ishibashi), a branch family of the Ishibashi clan surnamed Shionomatsu was living in eastern Adachi County.
Japanese: その後正長・永享期には嫡流と思しき「石橋左衛門佐入道」が在京すると共に、正長元年（1428年）の『満済准后日記』に「奥篠河殿、並伊達蘆名白河懸田川俣塩松石橋也」と登場し、安達郡東方を分郡に塩松を名字とする庶流を分出していた。
English: In addition to the Kira and Shibukawa clans, the Ishibahshi clan was also recognized as a family of pedigree of the Ashikaga family in the Muromachi period, but there was no future for the clan as Shugo Daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords).
Japanese: こののちも、室町時代において吉良氏や渋川氏とともに、足利一門の名門御一家として幕府内において一目置かれたが、最早守護大名衆の列からは完全に外された存在であった。
English: In the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), having the territories in Hitokubota and Yoshino, Kando County, Izumo Province as well as in Otakitago, Ano County, Iwami Province, Genzaemon no jo ISHIBASHI and Shinzaemon no jo ISHIBASHI, possibly of the Ishibashi clan, both of whom became the influential retainers of the Sawa clan, a local lord, and were appointed as head of merchants of Unshu (= Izumo County), emerged from the Shimane Ishibashi clan.
Japanese: なお、戦国時代には、出雲国神門郡一窪田・吉野や石見国安濃郡太田北郷等に所領を持ちつつ、国人佐波氏の有力家人となり、雲州商人司に任ぜられた石橋氏の一族と思しき石橋源左衛門尉や石橋新左衛門尉が「島根石橋家」に登場する。
English: According to the "Ishibashi Clan Family Tree" handed down to Dr 石橋正良 of Yame City, Fukuoka Prefecture, the Ishibashi clan in the Yame region started when Uemon-morikiyo ISHIBASHI (died in 1601), a senior vassal of the lord of the Shimoda-jo Castle of the Chikugo Province 堤貞元 who was a Seiwa Genji-lined samurai from Hizen Province and a family member of the Otomo clan of the Bungo Province, settled in Hoshino-mura village, Ikuha County, Chikugo Province in a certain point of the Tensho era (1573 - 1593).
Japanese: 福岡県八女市の医師石橋正良宅に伝わる『石橋氏系図』によると、八女地方の石橋一族は、清和源氏の血を引く肥前出身の武士で豊後大友氏の門族である筑後国下田城主堤貞元の重臣石橋右衛門盛清（慶長6年没）が天正年間（1573年から1593年）に、筑後国生葉郡星野村に定住したのがはじまりである。
English: Sakuemon Norikiyo, the third generation of Morikiyo started medical practice during the Kanei era (1624 - 1643) and since then, with the new branch families established, the Ishibashi became successful as a doctor family.
Japanese: 医業は盛清の3代目にあたる作右衛門教清が寛永年間（1624年から1643年）に起こし、爾来、分家新立によって石橋医家の繁栄がもたらされた。
English: Lawyer Ningetsu ISHIBASHI, a high-profile literary critic of the Meiji period, who had the 'Maihime dispute' against Ogai MORI was a descendant of this clan.
Japanese: 森鴎外との「舞姫論争」など、明治の文芸評論家として注目を集めた弁護士石橋忍月はこの流れを汲む。
English: Because Mitsunao ASHIKAGA, head of Sasagawa Gosho (an administrative organization for governing Tohoku regions settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi Period) was supporting the Kyoto side, the Shionomatsu clan acted as the liaison with Kyoto and arranged accommodation for envoys from the Shorgunate.
Japanese: 篠川御所足利満直は京都方であったので、京都との取次ぎ及び幕府の使者の宿泊は塩松氏が行っていた。
English: There was a theory that, in 1440, just after the downfall of the Kamakura government in the Eikyo War, Mitsunao ASHIKAGA (nicknamed Sasagawa Gosho) was attacked and killed by Mitsuyasu HATAKEYAMA, Mochishige HATAKEYAMA, Sakon no shogen ISHIBASHI, 石橋祐義, Morinobu ASHINA and Toshimasa TAMURA, etc, but questions remain about the Ishibashi clan's involvement (in fact, it is said that the Ishikawa clan killed Sasagawa Gosho).
Japanese: 鎌倉府が永享の乱で崩壊した直後の永享12年（1440年）、篠川御所足利満直は畠山満泰、畠山持重、石橋左近将監、石橋祐義、蘆名盛信、田村利政らに攻められて殺害されたとの説もあるが石橋氏らの関与は疑問が呈されている（実際に篠川御所を弑したのは石川氏であろうと言われる）。
English: It is possible that the Shionomatsu clan chose to live as a local lord after the demise of Sasagawa Gosho.
Japanese: 何にせよ塩松氏は、篠川御所を廃した後、一地方国人としての道を選んだと考えられる。
English: Because what happened to the clan at that time was not written in the "Amarume shi Kyuki" (Old Record by the Amarume Clan) which had many details of local lords, the clan, which was ranked in the same level as the Osaki and the Mogami clans as a family of the Ashikaga clan, boasted of high family status.
Japanese: この頃の事は国人衆の記述が多い『余目氏旧記』にも出でこない事を考えると、足利一門として大崎氏や最上氏と同列に認識されていたと思われ、塩松氏（石橋氏）は高い家格を誇っていたこともわかる。
English: In the Tenbun War, which occurred from the Date clan's succession race, during the Sengoku period, 塩松尚義 joined war on Tanemune DATE's side, but sided with Harumune DATE later.
Japanese: 戦国時代に入り伊達氏の後継争いから生じた天文の乱では塩松尚義は伊達稙宗派として参戦したが、後に伊達晴宗派に鞍替えしている。
English: However, in 1550, due to the revolt of his senior vassal Sadayori OUCHI against him, Naoyoshi was held captive within the castle and lost his authority.
Japanese: しかし、天文(元号)19年（1550年）尚義は重臣の大内定頼に下克上され、城内に監禁され実権を奪われた。
English: By this, the Ishibashi-Shionomatsu clan ended and the Shionomatsu clan after that meant the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: これにより石橋塩松氏は滅亡し、以降塩松氏というと大内氏のことをさすことになる。
English: Later, the Sakanoe clan gained the following hereditary titles: Kiyomizu-dera betto (Chief Priest at Kiyomizu-dera Temple), Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), Uhyoefu (Right Division of Middle Palace Guards), Yamato no kuni no kami (governor of Yamato Province), Myobo hakase (Professor of law), Saemon-fu taijo (Senior Lieutenant at the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), Kebiishi taijo (chief official with judicial and police powers) and so on.
Japanese: 後に清水寺別当、鎮守府将軍、右兵衛府、大和国守、明法博士、左衛門府大尉、検非違使大尉等を世襲した。
English: The Sakanoue clan is said to have been the descendant of Emperor Ling of the Later Han Dynasty, and the ancestor of the clan is said to have been Prince Achi (Achi no Omi), who was naturalized in Japan in the era of Emperor Ojin.
Japanese: 後漢霊帝(漢)の後裔と言われ、応神天皇の時代に日本に帰化した阿智王（阿智使主）を祖とすると伝わる。
English: Prince Achi (Achi no Omi) is considered to be the child of 石秋王, who was the child of the last emperor of the Later Han Dynasty, Kentei.
Japanese: 後漢の最後の皇帝、献帝の子といわれる石秋王の子が阿智王（阿智使主）であるとする。
English: The successive descendants of Prince Achi were '高尊王, TSUGA no Atai, 阿多倍王,' and so on, and the grandchild of 阿多倍王 is said to have been the founder of Sakanoue clan 志努 (Another theory suggests that 志努 was the child of Tsuka no Omi, who was the child of Achi no Omi).
Japanese: その後、「高尊王―都賀直―阿多倍王」と続き、阿多倍王の孫が、坂上氏初代の志努であるという（別説では「阿智使主―都加使主」の子ともされる）。
English: SAKANOUE no 弓束, the child of SAKANOUE no 駒子, who was one of the children of SAKANOUE no 志努, was followed by 首名, Okina, 大国, Inukai, SAKANOUE no Karitamaro, and SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.
Japanese: 坂上志努の子の一人である坂上駒子の子が坂上弓束で、首名、老、大国、犬養、そして坂上苅田麻呂と続き、坂上田村麻呂にたどり着く。
English: There are two known facts, one is that SAKANOUE no Okina and SAKANOUE no Kunimaro sided with Emperor Tenmu, and did good performances in the Jinshin War, the other is that SAKANOUE no Inukai, who was recognized for his martial arts skills by Emperor Shomu, took the first step toward becoming a warrior.
Japanese: 判明しているのは、坂上老、坂上国麻呂が壬申の乱で天武天皇方として活躍した事と坂上犬養が聖武天皇に武才を認められて武人の第一歩を踏み出した事である。
English: Tamuramaro is said to have had many children including SAKANOUE no Ono, SAKANOUE no Hirono, SAKANOUE no Kiyono, SAKANOUE no Masano, and SAKANOUE no Haruko, who was the wife of Emperor Kanmu, as for the situation in the Sakanoue clan after Tamuramaro, it was SAKANOUE no Ono who had been a feudal lord of Hirano Sho, Sumiyoshi-gun Settsu Province (present-day Hirano-ward, Osaka city) that succeeded to the reigns of the head family of Sakanoue clan.
Japanese: 田村麻呂以降の坂上氏の動向であるが、田村麻呂には坂上大野、坂上広野、坂上浄野、坂上正野、そして桓武天皇の后だった坂上春子らの多数の子がいたと伝わっているが、坂上氏宗家の家督を継いだのは摂津国住吉郡平野庄（大阪市平野区）の領主となった坂上大野だった。
English: SAKANOUE no Masamichi, who was the next generation of Kiyono, was engaged in operating of Tohoku district, the operation of which had been started by Tamuramaro, and operating of Hirano Sho, the operation of which had been started by his uncle Hirono (it is not clear whether Masamichi was the son of Kiyono or Hirono).
Japanese: 浄野の次の坂上当道は、田村麻呂以来の東北経営と父あるいは伯父の広野（当道は浄野の子とも広野の子ともされている）にはじまる平野庄の経営に携わった。
English: SAKANOUE no Yoshikage, the son of Masamichi, played an active role as a warrior in Tohoku region, and his son SAKANOUE no Korenori, and his grandson SAKANOUE no Mochiki became famous as kajin (waka poets), then, their descendants successively served to Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief), where they took over the positions of Myoho hakase (professor of law) and Kebiishi police officer.
Japanese: 当道の子の坂上好蔭は武人として東北で活躍するが、その子の坂上是則、孫の坂上望城は歌人として名をなし、その子孫は代々、京都の検非違使庁に出仕し明法博士や検非違使大尉を継承した。
English: SAKANOUE no Mineo, the son of Hirono (if Masamichi was the son of Hirono, Mineo could have been the elder brother of Masamichi), was in the capital where he served as jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff), then SAKANOUE no 峯盆, the grandson of Hirono, and SAKANOUE no Yukimatsu, the great-grandson of Hirono, was also in charge of operating Tohoku district and serving in the capital.
Japanese: 広野の子（当道が広野の子なら当道の兄）の坂上峯雄は侍従として都にあったが、孫の坂上峯盆も曾孫の坂上行松も東北経営と都での任に就いている。
English: According to the records at the SAKANOUE clan's Uji-dera Temple (temple built for praying a clan's glory), after Masamichi, Yukimatsu SAKANOUE took over the management of Hirano Sho.
Japanese: 当道の後の平野庄の経営については、坂上氏の氏寺の長寶寺記によれば坂上行松が継いだとされる。
English: Hirano Shichimyo-ke (seven branch families of Hirano clan) including the Sueyoshi clan, were generated from the Hirano clan founded by SAKANOUE no Yukimatsu (according to the record of Choho-ji Temple, the genealogy of the Sueyoshi clan) then they supported the head famiy Sakanoue clan which operated Hirano Sho, successively referred to themselves as "Minbu", and were in charge of operatting Hirano, an autonomous city in the medieval period which was a match for Sakai City.
Japanese: 坂上行松（坂上行増）を祖とする平野氏（長寶寺寺記、末吉氏家譜）から末吉家をはじめとする平野七名家が登場し、宗家の平野庄の坂上氏を支え、代々「民部」を称し、堺市と並ぶ中世の自治都市の平野を担った。
English: The head family Sakanoue clan, successively maintained matrimonial relations with Kuge (Court nobles) and they lived in a mansion near Choho-ji Temple until they moved to Tokyo in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 宗家の坂上氏は、代々、京都の公家との姻戚関係を維持し、明治時代に東京に移るまでは長宝寺の近くに構えた屋敷に住んでいた。
English: Later, descendants of the Sueyoshi clan were divided into two, namely the Higashi Sueyoshi clan (the Suyoshi Kanbe family) and the Nishi Sueyoshi clan (the Sueyoshi Magozaemon family), and even to this day, the two clans still reside in Hirano.
Japanese: その後、東末吉家（末吉勘兵衛家）、西末吉家（末吉孫左衛門家）に分かれた末吉氏の子孫は、現在も平野の地に現存。
English: The Hirano clan - the descendant of SAKANOUE no Hirono nicknamed 'Hirano-dono' originated from SAKANOUE no Yukimatsu (Yukimasu HIRANO), the son of Akitajo no suke Gon no kami SAKANOUE no 峯盆, the three generations after Hirono.
Japanese: 平野氏…「平野殿」こと坂上広野の子孫といい、広野の3代後の清水寺別当坂上峯盆の子の秋田城介権守坂上行松（平野行増）にはじまる。
English: The Sueyoshi clan - the descendant of Hirano clan originated from 平野利方(末吉勘兵衛利方), the younger brother of Rikichi Hirano, who was Hayato no Kami (the chief of the Imperial Guards) of Hirano Sho.
Japanese: 末吉氏…平野氏の末裔で、平野隼人正利吉の弟の平野利方（末吉勘兵衛利方）に始まる。
English: The Sueyoshi clan was the highest rank of the Hirano Shichimyo families with a long history, which was engaged in the administration of an autonomous city 'Hirano district' in the Warring States period.
Japanese: 平野七名家の筆頭で、戦国時代の自治都市「平野区」の執政を勤めた由緒ある家柄。
English: The Sueyoshi clan was involved in trading with Spain and Portugal, trading with foreign countries which had a shogunal license called Syuinjo, and operating Fushimi Ginza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver), and served as a local governor of Tokugawa Bakufu during the Edo period.
Japanese: 南蛮貿易や朱印状貿易、伏見銀座の運営にかかわり、江戸時代は徳川幕府の代官職を務めるなどした。
English: The Tamura Clan - originated from 古哲 Tamura, who was the great-grandson of SAKANOUE no Kiyono, in Tamura-gun, Mutsu Province.
Japanese: 田村氏…陸奥国田村郡に起こり坂上浄野の曾孫の田村古哲にはじまるという。
English: The Tamura clan was a leading Daigozoku (large local ruling family) in Oshu (northern Honshu); one of its members became the lawful wife of Masamune DATE, and the clan continued to flourish as a famous Daimyo family (feudal lord family) during the Edo period.
Japanese: 奥州屈指の大豪族で、伊達政宗の正室を出し、江戸時代も名望大名家として続いた。
English: Although the head family of the Kojima clan took sides with Toyotomi and perished in Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka), later its branch family became the head of a large village.
Japanese: 大坂の役では豊臣方につき本家は滅亡したが、庶流が後に大庄屋と成った。
English: Known as 'Hirano-dono,' he was the kaihatsu-ryoshu (local notables who actually developed the land) of Hirano Sho in Settsu Province (present day Hirano-ward, Osaka City), and also had a reputation as a warrior.
Japanese: 摂津国平野庄（大阪市平野区）の開発領主であり「平野殿」と呼ばれ、武人としても名声が高かった。
English: In her old age, she lived in Hirano Sho under her brother, Hirono's care, and found the SAKANOUE clan's Choho-ji nunnery.
Japanese: 晩年は弟の広野を頼り、平野庄に住み、坂上氏の尼寺の長寶寺を開いたと伝わる。
English: He became Mutsu Gon no suke (provisional vice governor of Mutsu Province), and aided Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) ONO no Harukaze, playing an important military role in suppressing the rebels in the Gangyo War (a rebellion staged by Ezo (northerners) in Akita-jo castle).
Japanese: 陸奥権介となり、鎮守府将軍小野春風を助け、878年の元慶の乱（秋田城で蝦夷が起こした反乱）を鎮圧するために出兵するなど軍人としても活躍した。
English: His waka poems were selected in such anthologies as Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), Shinkokin Wakashu (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), Gosen Wakashu (Later selected collection of Japanese poetry), Shui wakashu (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems), and Shinshui wakashu (New Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems).
Japanese: 古今和歌集、新古今和歌集、後撰和歌集、拾遺和歌集、新拾遺和歌集などに入選した。
English: Akikane's father SAKANOUE no Norimasa, (who was Sadashige's adoptive son, and one of the ancestors of the Nakahara clan which specialized in Myobodo (study of Codes)), reverted to his original family name, Nakahara.
Japanese: なお、明兼の父・坂上範政（定成養子・明法道中原氏の祖の1人）が実家の中原氏に復姓した。
English: Due to this, Akikane sometimes penned his name as 'Akikane NAKAHARA,' but usually used the name, 'SAKANOUE.'
Japanese: そのため、「中原明兼」名義の署名もあるが、この系統のみは「坂上氏」を名乗った。
English: Achi-jinja Shrine - the Shito shrine located in 1 Honmachi, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture, derived from Prince Achi (Achi no Omi), who was the ancestor of Sakanoue and Yamatonoaya clans,
Japanese: 阿智神社：岡山県倉敷市本町1、坂上氏の祖、東漢氏の祖、阿智使主に由来する神社。
English: In the early Sengoku period (Period of Warring States in Japan), Sadahide (貞秀) GAMO strongly supported Shugo (provincial military governors) Takayori ROKKAKU to make the Rokkaku clan one of powerful Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period); however, Sadahide's heir Hideyuki died young and before naming the new heir, Sadahide died, therefore, a conflict arose between Hideyuki's oldest son Hidenori GAMO and Sadahide's son Takasato GAMO.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)の初期の蒲生貞秀は、守護の六角高頼をよく補佐し、六角氏の戦国大名化に貢献したが、嫡男の秀行が早世したため、その死後に嫡孫の蒲生秀紀と子の蒲生高郷との間に争いがおきた。
English: Takasato's son, Sadahide (定秀) GAMO served the Rokkaku clan as Syukuro (a chief vassal of a samurai family); however, during the period of Katahide GAMO, the Rokkaku clan was destroyed by the Oda clan; after that, the Gamo clan served the Oda clan and was given important status by the achievements and some occasion including the marriage between Katahide's son Ujisato GAMO and a daughter of Nobunaga ODA; therefore, the Gamo clan at last successfully became Daidaimyo (a feudal lord with a greater stipend) and played important roles during the period of the Oda government and the Toyotomi government.
Japanese: 高郷の子の蒲生定秀は六角氏の宿老として活躍するが、蒲生賢秀の代に六角氏が織田氏に滅ぼされると、蒲生氏は織田氏に属し、賢秀の子である蒲生氏郷が織田信長の娘婿に迎えられるなど重用されたため、織田政権とそれを継承した豊臣政権において蒲生氏は大大名として大きく躍進した。
English: However, after Ujisato, who had been well-known as a great commander, died young, the power of the Gamo clan declined, and even though the clan managed to survive as daimyo of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the family heads died young one after another, and finally the Gamo clan ended due to the absence of the heir.
Japanese: しかし、名将として知られた氏郷が若くして没したため蒲生氏は衰退し、徳川幕府の大名として存続することには成功したものの、その後も当主の夭折が続いたため後継がなく蒲生氏は断絶した。
English: In fact, Shunsei GAMO, a son of FUJIWARA no Norikiyo, began to call himself the Gamo clan when he established his base in the Gamo-in Manor in Osumi Province.
Japanese: 平安時代に教清の子の蒲生舜清が大隅国の荘園である蒲生院を拠点としたのが始まり。
English: However, during the Kamakura period and Muromachi period, the Gamo clan had to bear under the reigns of the Shimazu clan which had been Shugo.
Japanese: しかし、鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて守護として君臨した島津氏の下風に立たされることとなった。
English: When the power of the Shimazu clan grew weak from internal conflicts during the Sengoku period, Shigekiyo GAMO banded with the Kimotsuki clan and fought with the Shimazu clan.
Japanese: 戦国時代(日本)、蒲生茂清が登場し、肝付氏らと結んで内紛で衰退した島津氏と対抗した。