nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Rokkaku clan is one of four branch families of the Sasaki clan called Omi-Genji (Omi Gen clan), and had ruled the entire area of Minami Omi as the shugo (guard) since the Kamakura era.
Japanese: 近江源氏と呼ばれた佐々木氏の四家に分かれた家のうちの一つで、鎌倉時代より守護として南近江一帯を支配していた。
English: It is said that they called themselves the Rokkaku clan because they had a house in Rokkakudo (Choho-ji Temple), Kyoto.
Japanese: 六角氏と名乗ったのは、京都の六角堂に屋敷を構えたからだと言われている。
English: During the Kamakura period, the shogunate was particularly on the alert for the Sasaki clan, partly because most of the Sasaki clan had a history of belonging to the court's side in the Jokyu-no-ran War.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代、佐々木氏は、承久の乱で一族の多くが宮方に属した前歴もあって、幕府から特に警戒されていた。
English: After the death of Nobutsuna SASAKI, most of his territory was supposed to be inherited by his third son, Yasutsuna SASAKI; however, a move accepted by the shogunate after the appeal by Nobutsuna's disinherited first-born son Shigetsuna SASAKI, whereby the territory was divided into four on behalf of all Nobutsuna's sons.
Japanese: 佐々木信綱の死後、所領の多くは三男の佐々木泰綱が受け継ぐはずであったが、信綱の廃嫡された長男の佐々木重綱の訴えを幕府が容れたため、領土は兄弟で四分された。
English: The fact that the Rokkaku clan (namely the Yasutsuna family) was the legitimate blood of the Sasaki clan remained unchanged, but the Rokkaku clan's power was seriously weakening.
Japanese: 泰綱の一族である六角氏が佐々木氏の嫡流であることは変わりはなかったが、その勢力は大きく減退することになる。
English: At the downfall of the Kamakura shogunate, Tokinobu ROKKAKU took the side of Rokuhara Tandai, a local commissioner, intending it to be to the end, but was defeated and forced to surrender.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府の滅亡時は、六角時信は六波羅探題に最後まで味方したが敗れ降伏している。
English: The Rokkaku clan had been opposed to the Kyogoku clan, which originally belonged to the same family, since the Muromachi era when the Kyogoku clan was gaining power, and fought against the Kyogoku clan over the hegemony of Omi.
Japanese: 同族である京極氏とは、京極氏が台頭した室町時代以降敵対し、近江の覇権をめぐって争った。
English: Partly because Mt. Hiei-zan was within the territory, the regional rule had not been stabilized during the Muromachi era, and Mitsutsuna ROKKAKU and his son Mochitsuna ROKKAKU were forced to commit suicide due to the vassals' rebellion; thereafter, Hisayori ROKKAKU, who had inherited Mitsutsuna and Mochitsuna, committed suicide due to the strain of grief after the conflict with the Kyogoku clan.
Japanese: また、領内に比叡山が存在することもあって、室町時代を通じてその支配は安定せず、六角満綱、六角持綱父子は家臣の反乱により自害に追いやられ、それを継いだ六角久頼は京極氏との対立の末、心労により自害して果てている。
English: Kameju ROKKAKU, who is considered to be the family head after Hisayori (there are several theories over the identity of Kameju), belonged to the western army at the turmoil of the Onin War, and in the next generation that of Takayori ROKKAKU, the ninth-generation shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA and the tenth-generation shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA sent a punitive expedition to Takayori in 1487.
Japanese: 久頼の後に当主であったとみられる六角亀寿（どの人物に比定されるかは諸説ある）は応仁の乱では西軍に属し、その次代の六角高頼の代には、1487年（長享元年）には9代将軍足利義尚、10代足利義稙から討伐を受ける。
English: Takayori fought back against the invasion twice and further won the conflict with the Iba clan, which was the shugodai (delegated guard), thus becoming a warlord.
Japanese: 高頼はこの侵攻を二度に亘り跳ねのけ、さらに守護代である伊庭氏との対立に勝利し、六角氏の戦国大名化をなしとげた。
English: Sadayori became the kanryodai (delegated lord) of the Ashikaga shogun family, was based at Kannonji Castle, and built power across Omi in order to foster the full blossoming of the Rokkaku clan.
Japanese: 定頼は足利将軍家の管領代となり、観音寺城を本拠として近江一帯に一大勢力を築き上げ、六角氏の最盛期を創出した。
English: However, after the death of Sadayori, in the generation of Yoshikata ROKKAKU (who inherited Sadayori), the Rokkaku clan's power began to weaken due to various factors, including its defeat by Nagamasa ASAI at the Battle at Norada in 1560.
Japanese: しかし定頼の死後、後を継いだ六角義賢の代においては、1560年に野良田の戦いで浅井長政と戦って敗れるなど六角氏の勢力は陰りを見せはじめる。
English: In the generation of Yoshikata's son, Yoshiharu (Yoshisuke ROKKAKU), in 1563 the killing of his chief vassal Katatoyo GOTO and his son caused the Kannonji family feud--the infighting of the Rokkaku Family--which forced the signature of the Rokkaku Clan Act, at which the weakening of the Rokkaku clan became significant.
Japanese: その子・六角義治（義弼）の代においては1563年に重臣中の重臣であった後藤賢豊父子を殺害して、六角家の内紛となる観音寺騒動が起こし、六角式目への署名を余儀なくされるなど、六角氏の弱体化は明らかとなった。
English: As mentioned above, the Rokkaku clan was greatly weakened during the period of Yoshikata ROKKAKU and his son, Yoshiharu, and in 1568 the clan was defeated by the Joraku army led by Nobunaga ODA, losing its territory.
Japanese: このように六角氏は六角義賢・義治父子の時代に大きく衰退し、1568年、織田信長率いる上洛軍と戦って敗れ、領国を失うことになる。
English: Thereafter, although Yoshitaka and Yoshiharu put up guerrilla resistance against Nobunaga, ultimately they fell.
Japanese: その後、義賢と義治は信長に対してゲリラ的に抵抗したが、結局は没落していった。
English: Later, the Rokkaku clan was accepted as vassal by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and again used the Sasaki cognomen to become Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) during the Edo period.
Japanese: のち豊臣秀吉あるいは豊臣秀次によって家臣にとりたてられ、江戸時代には佐々木姓に復し旗本となった。
English: The descendant of Yoshiharu's younger brother, Yoshisada ROKKAKU (who is said to have been given the title of family head by Yoshiharu after the Kannonji family feud, but there is another theory), also survived as Hatamoto during the Edo period.
Japanese: 義治の弟六角義定（観音寺騒動の後に義治に当主の座を譲られたとされるが、異説もある）の子孫も江戸幕府の旗本として残った。
English: Yoshiharu's younger brother, Koichi, became a vassal of Nobukatsu ODA, and Koichi's son Masakatsu used the Ikoma cognomen and became a chief vassal of the Oda Family in the domain of Uda Matsuyama.
Japanese: 義治の弟高一は、織田信雄の家臣となり、その子正勝は生駒姓を称し、大和宇陀藩織田家の重臣となった。
English: The above is the conventionally accepted theory, but there is another theory which holds that the descendant of Ujitsuna ROKKAKU (the heir of Takayori and elder brother of Sadayori) survived under the aegis of Nobunaga, and that Yoshisato ROKKAKU (the old vassal of Yoshihide ROKKAKU, who was the father or elder brother, and the Kataimina (a name for a dead person)) served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become a feudal lord of 120,000 koku, was given the Toyotomi cognomen and the title of palace staff and was consistently well treated, all of which has been the prevailing theory in modern times.
Japanese: 以上が従来の通説であるが、異説としては、六角氏綱（高頼の嫡男で定頼の兄）の子孫が信長に庇護され存続し、六角義郷が、（父あるいは兄にあたる六角義秀の旧臣であり、片諱を与えた）豊臣秀吉に仕えて12万石の大名となり、豊臣姓と侍従の称号を授かり始終優遇されたとされ、近年有力視されている。
English: According to this theory, Sadayori's bloodline was the Mitsukuri Family of the Rokkaku clan's branch family as just a jindai (role).
Japanese: この説においては、定頼の系統は六角氏庶流の箕作家で、陣代にすぎなかったとされる。
English: The Yamashinanomiya family was the Imperial family, created by Imperial Prince Yamashinanomiya Akira, the son of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie, at the end the Edo period.
Japanese: 山階宮（やましなのみや）は、江戸時代末期、伏見宮邦家親王の王子、山階宮晃親王が創設した宮家。
English: The first family head, Imperial Prince Akira had a political career as a kokuji goyogakari (a general official of the Imperial Household in charge of State affairs) at the end of Edo period, and after the Meiji Restoration, he took important posts, such as gijo (official post) and ministerial governor of foreign affairs.
Japanese: 初代晃親王は、国事御用掛として幕末の政界で活躍し、明治維新後は、議定・外国事務総督などの要職を占めた。
English: While many Imperial Family members became military officers following after the European royal families, he remained a civil officer.
Japanese: 皇族がヨーロッパの王室に倣って軍人になる中、文官であることを通した。
English: Although he became Imperial Prince Nashimotonomiya Moriosa's adopted heir, he returned to the Yamashinanomiya as a koshi (successor) of Imperial Prince Akira in 1885.
Japanese: 一時、梨本宮守修親王の養嗣子となるが、明治18年に山階宮に復帰し、晃親王の後嗣となる。
English: Since he joined the Kaigun Kokutai (Naval Air Groups) and flew over Tokyo, he was known as "the prince in the sky."
Japanese: 海軍航空隊に入隊し東京上空を飛行したことから「空の宮様」として知られた。
English: He married Princess Sakiko, a daughter of Prince Kayanomiya Kuninori, but his family villa in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture was destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923.
Japanese: 賀陽宮邦憲王の王女、佐紀子女王と結婚したが、大正12年、関東大震災により鎌倉にあった宮家の別邸も倒壊。
English: Unfortunately, Princess Sakiko was staying at the villa and was crushed to death together with her unborn child.
Japanese: 折悪しくこの別邸に滞在していた懐妊中の佐紀子妃はおなかの胎児とともに圧死した。
English: Because of Princess Sakiko's death, Prince Takehiko suffered from mental illness, and he was placed in reserve duty in 1932.
Japanese: 佐紀子妃の薨去によって武彦王は精神に異常をきたし、昭和7年、予備役に編入された。
English: After the secession from the Imperial Family, he declared himself Mr. Yamashina, however, he was repeatedly hospitalized and passed away in a hospital in Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture in August, 1987.
Japanese: 皇籍離脱後は山階氏を名乗るが、その後も入退院を繰り返し、昭和62年8月に藤沢の病院で逝去した。
English: He founded the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, became the director, and was known as an authority on Japanese bird research.
Japanese: 山階鳥類研究所を創設し、所長となり、日本鳥類研究の第一人者として知られた。
English: He founded the Tsukuba History Laboratory at his residence in Yoyogi, Tokyo and published 'The Society of Japanese Historical Research,' which collected the indexes of literature on Japanese history.
Japanese: 東京代々木の自宅に筑波歴史研究室を設立し、国史の文献目録を収集した「国史学会」を発行した。
English: His second son Tsunehide TSUKUBA became a priest with homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) of Johen and became the monzeki (successor of a temple) of Kanshu-ji temple, which is connected to the Yamashinanomiya.
Japanese: 次男筑波常秀は、出家して法名を常遍と称し、山階宮ゆかりの勧修寺の門跡となった。
English: Prince Kikumaro's fourth son Hagimaro became Marquis Hagimaro KASHIMA, and his fifth son Shigemaro became Marquis Shigemaro KATSURAGI.
Japanese: 菊麿王の四男鹿島萩麿は伯爵鹿島萩麿、菊麿王の五男葛城茂麿は伯爵葛城茂麿となった。
English: The Higashifushiminomiya family is the Imperial family, which was founded by Imperial Prince Higashifushiminomiya Yorihito, a son of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie, during the late Meiji Era.
Japanese: 東伏見宮（ひがしふしみのみや）は、明治後期に伏見宮邦家親王の王子、東伏見宮依仁親王が創立した宮家。
English: Since Imperial Prince Yorihito did not become an heir when Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito died in 1903, Imperial Prince Yorihito newly created the Higashifushiminomiya family
Japanese: 1903年（明治36年）、小松宮彰仁親王は薨去するさいに依仁親王の継嗣を停止したため、依仁親王は新たに東伏見宮家を創設した。
English: He graduated from the Naval Academy in Brest, France in 1890, then he became the admiral of Yokosuka Chinju-fu (navy base), admiral of the Second Fleet, and then the full admiral.
Japanese: さらに、1890年（明治23年）フランス・ブレヒト海軍兵学校を卒業し、その後、横須賀鎮守府司令長官、第二艦隊司令長官を歴任し、海軍大将に上る。
English: Moreover, he attended the coronation of George V (King of the United Kingdom) and held prominent positions such as the President of Japan Fisheries Association and the honorary president of La Societe Franco-Japonaise.
Japanese: また、英国ジョージ5世(イギリス王)の戴冠式に参列し、大日本水産会総裁、日仏協会名誉総裁などを歴任。
English: However, Prince Kuninomiya Kuniyoshi's third Prince Kunihide (Jigo HIGASHIFUSHIMI), who was raised by Imperial Prince Yorihito, was given the family name of HIGASHIFUSHIMI by demotion from nobility to subject in order to inherit the religious service of the Higashifushiminomiya, after reaching legal age, and the family became count.
Japanese: しかし、依仁親王が養育していた久邇宮邦彦王第3王子邦英王（東伏見慈洽）が成人後、東伏見宮の祭祀を受継ぐために臣籍降下することで東伏見の家名を賜り、伯爵家となった。
English: The Northern House of the Fujiwara clan was a family line whose originator was FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, the second son of FUJIWARA no Fuhito, the minister of the right.
Japanese: 藤原北家（ふじわらほっけ）とは、右大臣藤原不比等の次男藤原房前を祖とする家系。
English: The name came from the fact that the house of FUJIWARA no Fusasaki was located north of the house of his elder brother, FUJIWARA no Muchimaro.
Japanese: 藤原房前の邸宅が兄の藤原武智麻呂の邸宅よりも北に位置したことがこの名の由来。
English: The originator, Fusasaki, was promoted to councilor first among four Fujiwara brothers during the era of Emperor Gensho, later became the first Naishin (government post) since his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Kamatari, and fought as an aide close to the Emperor Gensho for political power against Nagayao.
Japanese: 祖の房前は元正天皇朝で藤原四兄弟に先んじて参議に昇進すると、後に祖父藤原鎌足以来の内臣となり、元正天皇の側近として長屋王と政権を争った。
English: During the era of Emperor Shomu, Fusasaki gained political power after the Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao) in 729 and controlled the political power as a pivotal figure, particularly among the political power by the four Fujiwara brothers, but he died in 737 together with other brothers due to the spread of smallpox.
Japanese: 聖武天皇朝になると、神亀6年（729年）長屋王の変により政権を掌握し、藤原四兄弟藤原四子政権でも中心人物として政権を主導したが、天平9年（737年）の天然痘蔓延により他の兄弟とともに病没してしまう。
English: Thereafter, from the late Nara period through the early Heian period the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan had been losing ground to the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, partly because although Fusasaki's sons, FUJIWARA no Nagate and FUJIWARA no Uona, became ministers of the left in the era of Emperor Konin, Nagate's heir, FUJIWARA no Oyori, died young and Uona was involved in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's war, whereupon he fell from power.
Japanese: その後奈良時代後期～平安時代初期にかけては、光仁天皇朝で房前の子である藤原永手・藤原魚名が左大臣となるも、永手の嫡男藤原家依は早逝し、魚名は氷上川継の乱に連座して失脚したこともあり、藤原南家・藤原式家に押されがちの状態にあった。
English: However, since the era of Emperor Heijo, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu (who had won the confidence of Emperor Saga) had rapidly gained power and started to overwhelm other families when the Southern House lost its power after the Iyo Shinno no Hen (Conspiracy of Imperial Prince Iyo) of 807, and the Ceremonial House lost its power after the Kusuko no Hen Conspiracy of 810.
Japanese: しかしながら、平城天皇朝以降、大同2年（807年）の伊予親王事件にて南家、弘仁元年（810年）の薬子の変にて式家の勢力が衰えると、嵯峨天皇の信任を得た藤原冬嗣が急速に台頭し他家を圧倒するようになった。
English: Moreover, the main branch of the Northern House became maternal grandfather over three generations--Fuyutsugu (Emperor Montoku), FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa (Emperor Seiwa) and FUJIWARA no Mototsune (Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami)--whereby the predominance of the Northern House was established.
Japanese: さらに、冬嗣（文徳天皇）・藤原良房（清和天皇）・藤原基経（朱雀天皇・村上天皇）と北家嫡流が三代に亘って天皇の外祖父となり、同家の優勢を確立した。
English: Subsequently, the main branch of the Northern House became the leader of Toshi/Toji, and produced regents and chief advisors to the Emperor.
Japanese: 以後、北家嫡流が藤氏長者となり、摂政・関白もこの系統から輩出することになった。
English: The derivative clan was not merely limited to court nobility but also included a large number of samurai families that had influence mainly in Kanto, Hokuriku and Tohoku, claiming to be descended from the Northern House--such as the FUJIWARA no Michikane-Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the FUJIWARA no Nagaie-Nasu clan, the Uesugi clan of the Kajuji group, the Fujiwara-Yamakage-Date clan, the FUJIWARA no Toshihito-Saito clan, the Kato clan, the FUJIWARA no Hidesato-Oshu Fujiwara clan, the Ashikaga clan (the Fujiwara clan), the Oyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan and the Onosaki clan.
Japanese: 派生氏族は公家ばかりではなく、藤原道兼宇都宮氏・小田氏、藤原長家那須氏、勧修寺流上杉氏、藤原山蔭伊達氏、藤原利仁斎藤氏・加藤氏、藤原秀郷奥州藤原氏・足利氏(藤原氏)・小山氏・結城氏・佐野氏・小野崎氏など、主に関東・北陸・東北を中心に活躍した多数の武家が藤原北家の末裔と称した。
English: Although the Northern House was the last of the four Fujiwara families to successfully flourish, as a result it spread the most extensive roots among the four Fujiwara families.
Japanese: 藤原四家の中では遅く花開いた一族だが、結果として藤原四家の中でも最も根を拡げることになった一族である。
English: The Southern House of the Fujiwara clan was a family line whose originator was FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, the eldest son of FUJIWARA no Fuhito, the minister of the right.
Japanese: 藤原南家（ふじわらなんけ）とは、右大臣藤原不比等の長男藤原武智麻呂を祖とする家系。
English: The name comes from the fact that the house of FUJIWARA no Muchimaro was located south of the house of FUJIWARA no Fusasaki.
Japanese: 藤原武智麻呂の邸宅が弟の藤原房前の邸宅よりも南に位置したことがこの名の由来。
English: Thereafter, in the period of the Emperor Kanmu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari who was Muchimaro's eldest son, and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro who was Muchimaro's third son, successively became minister of the right, whereby the power of Nanke was maintained.Thereafter, in the period of the Emperor Kanmu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari who was Muchimaro's eldest son, and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro who was Muchimaro's third son, successively became minister of the right, whereby the power of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan was maintained.
Japanese: 祖の武智麻呂は藤原北家の藤原房前とともに、元正天皇朝～聖武天皇朝にかけて長屋王と政権を争ったが、神亀6年（729年）長屋王の変により政権を掌握し、藤原四兄弟たちと共に聖武朝で政権を主導した（藤原四子政権）が、天平9年（737年）の天然痘蔓延により他の兄弟とともに病没してしまう。
English: Muchimaro had four sons, and from the era of Emperor Koken through that of Emperor Shotoku the first son, FUJIWARA no Toyonari (the minister of the right) and the second son, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (the grand minister of state), successively became ministers.
Japanese: 武智麻呂には4人の息子があり、孝謙天皇朝～称徳天皇朝にかけて、長男藤原豊成（右大臣）・次男藤原仲麻呂（太政大臣）が続いて大臣となった。
English: Nakamaro, in particular, backed Emperor Junnin and made his three sons (FUJIWARA no Masaki, FUJIWARA no Kusumaro and FUJIWARA no Asakari) sangi (councilors of state), whereby four people of Nakamaro and his sons became nobles and seized the dominant power; however, they fell from power as a result of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's war in 764.
Japanese: 特に仲麻呂は淳仁天皇を擁立すると、息子3人（藤原真先・藤原訓儒麻呂・藤原朝狩）を参議とし前代未聞の親子4人を公卿とするなど権力を独占したが、天平宝字8年（764年）藤原仲麻呂の乱により失脚した。
English: Thereafter, in the era of Emperor Kammu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari (Muchimaro's eldest son), and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro (Muchimaro's third son) successively became the minister of the right, whereby the power of the Southern House was maintained.
Japanese: その後も桓武天皇朝において、武智麻呂の長男豊成の子藤原継縄と、三男藤原乙麻呂の子藤原是公が続いて右大臣となり、南家は勢力を維持した。
English: However, in 807, during the era of Emperor Heijo, FUJIWARA no Otomo (son of the Korekimi, or Dainagon (chief councilor of state)) and FUJIWARA no otoei/Tadatoshi (son of the Tsugutada, or Chunagon (vice-councilor of state)), who were in the second and third positions of the political power at the time, fell from power as a result of Iyo Shinno no Hen (the Conspiracy of Imperial Prince Iyo), whereby the family lines of Toyonari and Otomaro declined as the central nobility, followed by the fall of Nakamaro.
Japanese: しかしながら、続く平城天皇朝の大同2年（807年）に当時政権№2,3の座にあった、藤原雄友（是公の子：大納言）・藤原乙叡（継縄の子：中納言）が伊予親王の変により失脚し、仲麻呂に続き、豊成・乙麻呂の系統も中央貴族としては衰退した。
English: Incidentally, the descendant of FUJIWARA no Tamenori, who was descended from Otomaro and had distinguished himself as a samurai in the middle Heian era, expanded across the country and became the originators of the Ito, Kudo, Nikaido, Sagara, Kikkawa and Amano clans, etc.
Japanese: なお、乙麻呂の系統で平安中期に武人として頭角を顕した藤原為憲の子孫は各地に広がり、伊東氏、工藤氏、二階堂氏、相良氏、吉川氏、天野氏といった各氏の祖となった。
English: After the mid-Heian era, amid the political decline of the Southern House due to the expanding power of the Northern House, the descendant of FUJIWARA no Kosemaro, who was the fourth son of Muchimaro, survived as the central nobility and many of the descendants became scholars.
Japanese: 平安時代中期以後は、藤原北家に押され政治的に衰退する中、武智麻呂の四男藤原巨勢麻呂の子孫が中央貴族として続き、多くの学者を輩出した。
English: Moreover, from the descendant of FUJIWARA no Norisue, who was a vassal and close aide of Pope Goshirakawa and later became the maternal grandfather of Emperor Juntoku, came the Takakura Family (after the fall of the family in the late Muromachi era, the family was rebuilt and completed the kaigo (change of name of title) to the Yabu Family), meaning the Dojo Family.
Japanese: また、後白河法皇の近臣で後に順徳天皇の外祖父となった藤原範季の子孫からは堂上家である高倉家（室町時代末に絶家後、江戸時代に再興し藪家に改号）を輩出した。
English: The Sekke consisted of five families that the main branch of the Fujiwara Family clan had established during the Kamakura era, whereby it achieved the top rank of court nobility kakaku (family status).
Japanese: 摂家（せっけ）とは、鎌倉時代に成立した藤原氏嫡流で公家の家格の頂点に立った5家のこと。
English: The Sekke is also referred to as the Sekkan Family (Sekkannke), Gosekke (Gosetsu Family) or Shippei Family.
Japanese: 摂関家（せっかんけ）、五摂家（ごせっけ）、執柄家（しっぺいけ）ともいう。
English: Through the main branch of the family of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa of Fujiwara Hokke (Fujiwara Hoku Family), in the early Kamakura period, FUJIWARA no Tadamichi's sons, Motozane KONOE and Kanezane KUJO established the Sekkan Family (Sekkan-ke) of the Konoe group and Kujoryu Sekkan-ke, a regent family, respectively; this resulted in the division of the main branch of the family into two families (although there was, in addition the Matsudono Family of the Sekkan Family (Sekkannke) of the Matsudono group, the originator of which was Motofusa MATSUDONO, who was also a son of Tadamichi; but, the Matsudono Family is not counted as sekke, with the two families because, after Moroie MATSUDONO became regent, no one from the Matsudono Family became a regent or chief advisor of the Emperor and the family line failed many times).
Japanese: 藤原北家の藤原良房の嫡流を経て、鎌倉初期に至り藤原忠通の子の近衛基実と九条兼実がそれぞれ近衛流摂関家と九条流摂関家を成立させ、嫡流が2家に分裂した（この他に同じ忠通の子である松殿基房を祖とする松殿流摂関家の松殿家があったが、松殿師家が摂政になった後は摂政・関白を輩出することなく何度も断絶を繰り返しているため摂家には数えない）。
English: Later, the Konoe Family, which was the main branch, was established from the Sekkan Family (Sekkan-ke) of the Konoe group, and the Takatsukasa Family was established by Kanehira TAKATSUKASA.
Japanese: のち、近衛流摂関家からは嫡流の近衛家ならびに、鷹司兼平により鷹司家が成立。
English: Furthermore, the Nijo, Ichijo and Kujo families were established by Michiie KUJO's sons Yoshizane NIJO, Sanetsune ICHIJO and Norizane KUJO, respectively, from Kujoryu Sekkan-ke, the regent family.
Japanese: さらに九条流摂関家からは、九条道家の子の二条良実、一条実経、教実により、それぞれ二条家、一条家、九条家が成立した。
English: After the establishment of Gosekke, only a member of the Gosekke could be appointed as regent or chief advisor to the Emperor, meaning that the five families comprising the Sekke dominated the positions of regent and chief advisor to the Emperor.
Japanese: 五摂家成立以後は、摂政・関白にはこの5家の者のみが任じられ、摂家たる5家は摂政、関白職を独占した。
English: At that time he called himself TAIRA no Ason but became Yoshi, the adapted child of Sakihisa KONOE in 1585; ultimately, he became FUJIWARA no Hideyoshi and thereby achieved the position of chief advisor to the Emperor.
Japanese: 当時は平朝臣を称していた）は、1585年（天正13年）に近衛前久の猶子となり藤原秀吉となることで関白就任を果たした。
English: Later, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's adopted child, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, was appointed as the Emperor's chief adviser under the name of TOYOTOMI no Ason, thus marking the only exception to the tradition that no member of the family other than Gosekke would be appointed as the chief advisor to the Emperor.
Japanese: その後、豊臣秀吉の養子である豊臣秀次は「豊臣朝臣」として関白に任じられており、これが五摂家以外で関白に任じられた唯一の例外である。
English: When the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, it enacted the Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto (Court Noble's Act), whereby the structure in which the appointment of a regent or chief advisor to the Emperor could not be made without a recommendation by the bakufu.
Japanese: 江戸幕府が成立すると、幕府は禁中並公家諸法度を制定して、摂政・関白は幕府の推薦なくして任命できない仕組みとなった。
English: On the other hand, the bakufu offered official and unofficial support for the regent, chief advisor to the Emperor and the sekke.
Japanese: その一方で、幕府は摂政・関白並びに摂家に対する公然・非公然の支援を行った。
English: As a result, after the Kan-ei period the regent and chief advisor to the Emperor presided over the Imperial Court's decision that the regent and chief advisor to the Emperor were, as a general rule, not able to participate, even in the period of the Sekkan (regent to the Emperor) government; thus any court noble who was from the Seiga Family or another family of lower position would be deprived of the rights of participation and speaking, even if the court noble was a minister.
Japanese: この結果、寛永年間以後は摂関政治の時代ですら建前上決定に参与出来なかった朝議を摂政・関白が主宰し、清華家以下の公家は大臣であっても参加権・発言権が剥奪されるようになった。
English: Moreover, in the case where a family line of the Sekke failed, there was an additional provision that only the adopted child from the Imperial Family or the adopted child from the same sekke was allowed to inherit the sekke, and the tacit provision that only the person who once took the position of regent, chief advisor to the Emperor or seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") could be appointed as the grand minister of state, whereby court nobles from the Seiga Family and other families of the lower position were expelled from their positions as mainstays of the Imperial Court.
Japanese: また、摂家が断絶した場合の後継の養子には必ず皇族か同じ摂家からの養子しか認められなくなり、太政大臣の任官要件に摂政・関白・征夷大将軍の経験者という暗黙の規定が追加されて、清華家以下の公家は朝廷中枢から排除された。
English: As a result, it became possible to administer the Imperial Court of the Edo period by the agreements of the Gosekke alone, so that it became difficult even for the Emperor to oppose the Imperial Court.
Japanese: その結果、江戸時代の朝廷は五摂家の当主の合意のみでの運営が可能となり、天皇と言えどもそれに抗う事は困難となった。