nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The actual conditions of regional rule before introduction of the ritsuryo system is not apparent, because there are a lot of things unknown including the actual conditions of the Kuni no miyatsuko system and the relationship between Kuni no miyatsuko and the powerful clans in the capital.
Japanese: しかし、国造制の実態や中小豪族との関係で不明な点が多く、律令制以前の地方支配の実態は明確になっていない。
English: After the Taika reform, the positions of Kuni no miyatsuko became honorary, succeeded by heredity, as many kuni no miyatsuko dedicated themselves to preside over religious ceremenies, and the conventional duties of Kunino no miyatsuko were took over by Gunji accordingly
Japanese: 大化の改新以降は世襲制の名誉職、主に祭祀を司るものになり、従来の国造の職務は郡司に置き換えられた。
English: Regions ruled by kuni no miyatsuko were gradually reorganized and merged, or divided to replaced by a 'country' (kuni or province) designated in the legal system (Ritsuryo) of the ancient Japan
Japanese: また、国造が治めていた国は整理・統合、あるいは分割されていき、律令国に置き換えられていった。
English: There is 'Kuni no miyatsuko Hongi' ('Sendai kuji hongi' Vol. 10), which is a record on the periods of establishment of 135 Kuni no miyatsuko across the country which was founded in the 9th century and the persons who were appointed Kuni no miyatsuko.
Japanese: 9世紀成立の全国135の国造の設置時期・任命された者らの記録「国造本紀」（「先代旧事本紀」巻10）がある。
English: Kuni no miyatsuko hongi ko' written by Hiroshi KURITA in 1861 provides the origin of the document 'Kuni no miyatsuko', indication that it is a forged book, and detailed commentaries on the respective Kuni no miyatsuko.
Japanese: 文久元年(1861年)の栗田寛著作の国造本紀考に、国造本紀という文献の来歴や偽書の指摘、国造各々の詳細な解説が記述されている。
English: It has been pointed out that 'Kuni no miyatsuko hongi' was a highly esteemed document and not spread widely.
Japanese: 国造本紀は、珍重な書物で一般に広く普及したものではないという指摘がある。
English: Izumo no Kuni no miyatsuko was divided into the Senge family and the Kitajima family during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and both families have been survived as the hereditary priestly families.
Japanese: 南北朝時代に千家・北島の両家に分裂したが、現在も出雲大社社家として存続。
English: During the first half of the Heian period and the middle of the Edo period, the family lost its heirs but managed to survive by the female line.
Japanese: 平安時代前期と江戸時代中期に後嗣を欠いたことがあったが、女系相続により辛うじて家を維持した。
English: Inaba no kuni no miyatsuko - The Ifukube clan, a family of the priest of the Ube-jinja Shrine, took the name of Inaba no Kuni no miyatsuko; but the Inaba clan (Inaba no kuni no miyatsuko clan) was the real kuni no miyatsuko and the Ifukube clan was a branch family of the Inaba clan.
Japanese: 因幡国造-宇倍神社の神主であった伊福部氏は因幡国造を名乗っていたが、実際の国造は因幡氏（因幡国造氏）であり、伊福部氏はこの一族から分れた支流に当る。
English: Daijokan 太政官 (also known as Ooimatsurigotonotsukasa) was the highest organ of state power controlling jurisdiction, administration, and legislation of Japan under the Ritsuryo legal code system.
Japanese: 太政官（だいじょうかん、おおいまつりごとのつかさ）とは、日本の律令制における司法・行政・立法を司る最高国家機関を指す。
English: It was established based upon the provisional constitution Seitaisho (in the fourth year of the Keio era, Dajokantasshi No. 331) promulgated on June 11, 1868.
Japanese: 1868年6月11日（慶応4年/明治元年4月21日(旧暦)）に公布された政体書（慶応4年太政官達第331号）に基づいて置かれた。
English: After government organizational reform during the next year in 1869, Dajokan presided over the six ministries including the Minbusho.
Japanese: 翌1869年（明治2年）の官制改革で、民部省以下6省を管轄することとなった。
English: In 1885, the Cabinet was established, and accordingly, Dajokan was abolished.
Japanese: 1885年（明治18年）、内閣(日本)が発足したことに伴い廃止された。
English: When the ritsuryo legal code system was introduced from China to ancient Japan, two main ministries, Jingikan, responsible for worship, and Daijokan, responsible for politics, were clearly separated.
Japanese: 古代日本において中国から律令制を導入する際、祭祀を行う神祇官と政治を司る太政官を明確に分けた。
English: Daijokan was the highest organ of state power presiding over eight ministries of Nakatsukasasho, Shikibusho, Minbusho, Jibusho, Hyobusho, Gyobusho, Okurasho, and Kunaisho (Injikanrei).
Japanese: 太政官は中務省、式部省、民部省、治部省、兵部省、刑部省、大蔵省、宮内省の八省を統括する最高機関である（因事管隷）。
English: When sessho and kanpaku attended the government in place of the emperor during the Heian period, Daijokan still functioned as the highest organ of government, although its position was relatively lowered.
Japanese: 平安時代になると、摂政や関白が天皇の代理として政治を執り行ったため、相対的に地位が低下したが、国政に関する最高機関として機能し続けた。
English: When it came to the age of the warrior government, during the Kamakura period, Daijokan still functioned as an organ of government, but during the Muromachi period, the Daijokan gradually lost its essential power to become just a nominal title to indicate rank in the government.
Japanese: 武家社会の時代に入っても、鎌倉時代には政務機関として機能していたが、室町時代になると次第に形骸化が進み、単純に格式を表わす職名になった。
English: As other governmental organizations under the ritsuryo legal code system, Daijokan was also divided into four ranks of kami, suke, jo, and sakan.
Japanese: 太政官も、律令制の他の官制と同じように、長官（かみ）、次官（すけ）、判官（じょう）、主典（さかん）の四階級（四等官）が存在する。
English: The organization of Daijokan was divided into Giseikan as the policy-making branch, Shonagonkyoku, Sabenkankyoku, and Ubenkankyoku as bureaus, and Junsatsushi as the extraordinary inspector.
Japanese: 太政官は、機構としては政策決定機関である議政官（ぎじょうかん）と、事務部門である少納言局・左弁官局・右弁官局および臨時監察官である巡察使に分かれた。
English: Daijokan was established as an organization integrating the roles of two ministries in the Tang government, Monkasho, responsible for deliberation of imperial documents, and Shoshosho, responsible for administration, with two ministries of Shonagonkyoku, that functioned as Monkasho, and Benkankyoku, that functioned as Shoshosho; however, Giseikan functioned as a deliberation branch, the essential power of Shonagonkyoku was lost, while Benkankyoku, responsible for civil service, gained power to exert its influence on Geki, the office placed under Shonagonkyoku.
Japanese: 太政官は唐の制度における門下省（審議）と尚書省（行政）の役割を統合した性格を有しており、門下省的な役割を担った少納言局と尚書省的な役割を担った弁官局が並立したが、議政官が実際の審議機関となったことによって少納言局の権限が形骸化される一方で、行政事務を管轄する弁官局の力が強まって、外記に対しても影響を行使するようになったとされている。
English: When Gekikyoku was separated from Shonagonkyoku later, officials belonged to Shonagonkyoku, Sabenkankyoku, Ubenkankyoku, and Gekikyoku, were called Jokan.
Japanese: 後に少納言局から外記局が分立して少納言局・左弁官局・右弁官局・外記局に属する官人を政官（じょうかん）と称した。
English: Before the Heian period, Daijodaijin was not a standing position, as Sokketsu no Kan, but during the Heian period, it was established as a standing position.
Japanese: -平安時代以前は常設の職では無かった（則闕の官という）が、平安以降は常設される。
English: In ancient China, 'Taikaku' (or also pronounced Daikaku) was an organization that presided over eight ministries, and assisted the emperor in discussing government policies.
Japanese: 古代中国では、八省の上にあってこれを統括し、また皇帝を補佐して政策を審議する機関のことを「台閣」と呼んだ。
English: When the ritsuryo legal code system was introduced to Japan and Daijokan was established to preside over the eight ministries, Giseikan, the policy-making branch of Daijokan, was especially called 'Taikaku' during Chinese Tang.
Japanese: 日本でも律令制が導入されて太政官が八省の上に置かれると、政策決定機関である議政官のことを特に唐名で「台閣」（たいかく）と呼ぶようになった。
English: Taikaku' was handed over to the Dajokan system during the Meiji period, and in 1885, the Daijokan system was replaced by the cabinet system led by the Cabinet 'Naikaku,' derived from 'Taikaku.'
Japanese: この呼称は明治の太政官制にもひきつがれ、やがてこれを言い替えた「内閣」を中心とする内閣制度が、1885年に太政官制に取って代わった。
English: Dajokan, which was differentiated from the above-mentioned Daijokan by its pronunciation, was the highest administrative organ established in accordance with Seitaisho in 1868 when the Meiji Restoration took place.
Japanese: 太政官（特に「だじょうかん」と読み分けられる）は、明治維新が開始された1868年（慶応4年/明治元年）、政体書によって設置された最高行政機関である。
English: Although the name 太政官 under the ritsuryo system was adopted, Dajokan during the Meiji period underwent several reforms in the organization.
Japanese: 職名は律令制の名称がそのまま使われていたが、その組織に関しては幾度か改革がされた。
English: Dajokan was abolished in 1885 when the Cabinet system started.
Japanese: 1885年（明治18年）に内閣(日本)制度が発足したことに伴い、廃止された。
English: During the period from 1868 to 1885, government organization did not remain stable as it was frequently reformed or broken up.
Japanese: 1868年（慶応3年）から1885年（明治18年）に至る期間は、官制の改廃が著しく、常に一定しない。
English: When a grand edict for the Restoration of Imperial Rule was issued on January 3, 1868, a new political system was urgently needed to replace the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which still remained in power with its strong system.
Japanese: 1868年1月3日（慶応3年12月9日(旧暦)）に王政復古(日本)が出されると、依然として強力な政治体制を維持していた江戸幕府に代わる政治体制の確立が急務となった。
English: Then, the three posts to replace the bakufu, the seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), and the regents sessho and kanpaku were established: Sosai, which was held by Prince ARISUGAWA Taruhito; Gijo, which was held by ten members consisting of two members of the Imperial family, three court nobles, and the lords of the five domains Satsuma, Owari, Echizen, Hiroshima, and Tosa; and Sanyo, held by twenty members consisting of five court nobles, and three members from each of the above-mentioned five domains.
Japanese: そこで、幕府・征夷大将軍・摂政・関白に代わるものとして、総裁三職の総裁（有栖川宮熾仁親王、議定（皇族2名・公卿3名・薩摩藩・尾張藩・越前藩・広島藩・土佐藩の各藩主の計10名）、参与（公卿5名、議定5藩より各3名の計20名）の三職が任命された。
English: In January 1868, seven branches Jingi, Naikoku, Gaikoku, Kairikugun, Kaikei, Keiho, and Seido were placed under the three posts so that the three posts and seven branches administered the government for the time.
Japanese: 慶応4（明治元）年1月には、この下に神祇・内国・外国・海陸軍・会計・刑法・制度の七科を置いて三職七科とし、当面の政務に当たることになった。
English: In February, the seven branches were established as bureaus and a new bureau Sosaikyoku was added so, there were three posts and eight bureaus (Kairikugun branch was renamed Gunbokyoku.)
Japanese: 翌2月には、科を局として総裁局を設置し、三職八局とした（なお、海陸軍科は軍防局と改称された）。
English: Fukusosai, meaning deputy Sosai, was established in the Sosaikyoku, and held by two of Gijo Tomomi IWAKURA and Sanetomi SANJO to assist the Sosai Prince Taruhito.
Japanese: 総裁局には副総裁を置き、議定の岩倉具視と三条実美をこれに任命して、熾仁親王を補佐することとなった。
English: On June 11, 1868, Seitaisho (the fourth year of the Keio era, Dajokantasshi No. 331), which was drafted by Taneomi SOEJIMA and Takachika FUKUOKA and can be regarded as the Constitution, was promulgated under the name of Dajokan.
Japanese: 1868年6月11日（慶応4年4月21日(旧暦)）、副島種臣・福岡孝弟の起草による、基本法ともいえる政体書（慶応4年太政官達第331号）が、太政官の名で布告された。
English: Seitaisho prescribed that the form of the new government should be based on a Charter Oath of Five Articles 'the Gokajo no Goseimon' and defined Separation of Power, Election of Officials, and Local Administration units Fu, Han, and Ken.
Japanese: 政体書は、新政府の政体を「五箇条の御誓文」に基づくものとし、権力分立・官吏公選・府藩県三治制などについて規定している。
English: Based on Seitaisho, a new government system started on June 17.
Japanese: この政体書に基づいて6月17日（4月27日(旧暦)）新しい体制が発足した。
English: The new government aimed at establishing a firm control over the territorial lord's Daimyo and the Japanese people by organizing Dajokan for ruling over the entire state power, while securing Separation of Power inside the government to prevent an emergence of any autocratic power.
Japanese: 国家権力全体を支配する組織を太政官と称して、同時に内部では権力分立を行って専制権力の発生を阻止しながら、諸大名や国民を強力に支配していく体制を組織しようとしたのである。
English: All power and authority in the empire shall be vested in the Dajokan and thus the grievances of divided government shall be done away with and the power and authority of the Dajokan shall be divided into three powers; legislative, judicial, and executive and thus the grievances of bias shall be done away with.
Japanese: 一　天下ノ権力総テコレヲ太政官ニ帰ス則チ政令二途ニ出ルノ患無カラシム太政官ノ権力ヲ分ツテ立法司法行政ノ三権トス則偏重ノ患無カラシムルナリ
English: Legislative officials shall not be allowed to fill the positions of executive officials, and executive officials shall not be allowed to fill the positions of legislative officials; however, provisional tours of inspection in Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka as well as the reception of missions from abroad shall be supervised by legislative officials.
Japanese: 一　立法官ハ行政官ヲ兼ヌルヲ得ス行政官ハ立法官ヲ兼ヌルヲ得ス但シ臨時都府巡察ト外国応接トノ如キ猶立法官得管之
English: Sosai was abolished among the three posts while Prince ARISUGAWA Taruhito was staying in Edo, and two Fukusosai held the position of the virtual head of the government called Hosho.
Japanese: 三職のうち総裁が廃止されて（当時、有栖川宮熾仁親王は、江戸に滞在中）、副総裁2人が輔相と称して事実上の政府首班に就いた。
English: Giseikan that was responsible for legislation was made of Jokyoku consisting of Gijo and Sanyo, and Kakyoku consisting of representatives called Koshi from the domains.
Japanese: 立法を司る議政官は、議定・参与からなる上局と諸藩の代表（貢士）からなる下局から構成された。
English: Five bureaus of Gyoseikan, Jingikan, Kaikeikan, Gunmukan, and Gaikokukan were responsible for administration; especially Gyoseikan, headed by Hosho, supervised the other four offices.
Japanese: 行政権を司るのは、行政・神祇・会計・軍務・外国の各官（官庁）からなる五官であり、特に行政官は輔相を長として他の4官を監督する役割も担った。
English: Among the three offices in which three powers of the state were vested, Shihokan, that exercised judicial power, was under the supervision of Gyoseikan like the above-mentioned four bureaus, which made the independence of the Judiciary a mere formality.
Japanese: 三権を担う官のうち司法権を扱う司法官は、実際には4官同様、行政官の監督を受けていたため、司法権の独立は形骸化した。
English: As two Hosho were members of Jokyoku of Giseikan, the status of Gijo, the Separation of Power, was merely nominal.
Japanese: さらに、輔相は議定の資格で議政官（上局）の構成メンバーでもあったため、権力分立は形ばかりとなっていた。
English: In 1869 after the Boshin War, surrender of domain registers was undertaken, and the domains became local administrative divisions of the government.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争終了後の1869年（明治2年）に入ると、版籍奉還が実施されて、諸藩は政府の地方機関として位置づけられた。
English: Subsequently, the Election of Officials was carried out according to Seitaisho so the conservative court nobles and lords were removed.
Japanese: 続いて政体書に基づく「官吏公選」が行われて守旧派の公家や諸侯は事実上排除される形となった。
English: On August 15, 1869, a new Dajokan system was introduced based upon government structure that underwent the above-mentioned reforms.
Japanese: こうした政治情勢の変動に対応して、1869年8月15日（明治2年7月8日(旧暦)）に、新しい太政官制が導入された。
English: The government organization based on Seitaisho that was created under the influence of the United States of America was abolished, and the government organization that was close to the old form and was based on the unity of religion and government called 'Saisei Icchi,' in principle, was adopted as the new system.
Japanese: これは、アメリカ合衆国の影響を受けた政体書体制を廃止して、「祭政一致」を原則とした復古的な官制であった。
English: The new government system took the form of two offices and six ministries such that Jingikan was restored to be placed above Dajokan at first, and six ministries of Minbusho, Okurasho, Hyobusho, Gyobusho, Kunaisho, Gaimusho were established, and other organizations including Jishoin, Danjodai, Shugiin, and Daigakko were also established.
Japanese: まず神祇官が復活して太政官よりも上位に置かれ、太政官の下には民部省・大蔵省・兵部省・刑部省・宮内省・外務省が設置されるという二官六省制が採られ、侍詔院・弾正台・集議院・大学校などの諸機関が置かれた。
English: Dajokan had 'the three posts,' consisted of Sadaijin, Udaijin, three Dainagon, and three Sangi, to take the command of the office.
Japanese: 太政官には左右両大臣と3名の大納言、3名の参議からなる「三職」が置かれて指揮をとった。
English: Those at the three posts took an oath of allegiance and fair administration to Emperor Meiji by putting their pledge called 'Sanshoku meiyaku' and 'Yakusoku shijo' into effect to the emperor.
Japanese: 三職は明治天皇に対して「三職盟約」・「約束四条」と呼ばれる誓約を行って天皇への忠誠と公正な政務を誓った。
English: Along with the renewal, 'the chart of court ranks with posts and offices' was amended such that Sadaijin and Udaijin were given the title of Junior First Rank or Senior Second Rank, Dainagon was given the title of Junior Second Rank, Sangi and Kyo were given the title of Senior Third Rank, Taifu (also known as Tayu) was given the title of Junior Third Rank, Shoyu was given the title of Senior Fourth Rank, and Junior and Senior Ninth Ranks were added between Eighth Rank and the Starting Rank.
Japanese: また、これに伴い「官位相当表」が改正され、左右両大臣は従一位または正二位、大納言は従二位、参議・卿は正三位、大輔は従三位、少輔は正四位とされ、また八位と初位の間に正・従の九位の位階が追加された。
English: In the appointment procedure, appointments of Fourth Rank and above were called Chokuju, those of Sixth Rank up to Fourth Rank were called Soju, and those of Seventh Rank and below were called Hanju, but they were immediately amended to Chokunin, Sonin, and Hannin with the court ranks remaining as they were.
Japanese: また、任命手続きにおいては四位以上を「勅授」・六位以上を「奏授」・七位以下を「判授」と呼んだがすぐに改められて、位階の授与については従来通り、役職の任命については勅任・奏任・判任と改称されることになった。
English: Nevertheless, the major posts were monopolized by Imperial family members and the court nobles after all such that Udaijin were held by SANJO, Dainagon was held by IWAKURA and Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, with a small number of members from samurai warrior families who were selected so, Sangi was held by Issei MAEBARA and Taneomi SOEJIMA, and Minbukyo was held by the former lord of Fukui domain, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA.
Japanese: だが、蓋を開けてみると右大臣に三条、大納言に岩倉と徳大寺実則がついたのを始めとして主要官職を皇族と公家が独占して、わずかに参議に前原一誠・副島種臣、民部卿に前福井藩松平慶永が武士階層から選ばれただけであった。
English: The conservatives succeeded in their scheme of driving out those including Takayoshi KIDO, Toshimichi OKUBO, and Taisuke ITAGAKI to the sinecures of Jishoingakushi.
Japanese: 保守派の画策によって木戸孝允・大久保利通・板垣退助らは閑職であった侍詔院学士に追いやられてしまったのである。
English: IWAKURA opposed that and additionally appointed OKUBO and Saneomi HIROSAWA (Takayuki SASAKI was added later) to roll back the situation by consulting SANJO.
Japanese: これに反発した岩倉は、三条と相談して大久保と広沢真臣（後に佐々木高行も加えて）を追加任命して巻き返しを図ったのである。
English: On October 23, 1868, the ministries were merged for the purpose of integrating the tax collection and finance systems, and Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA, the Minbukyo, held the position of Okurakyo, and Shigenobu OOKUMA, the Okurataifu, held the position of Minbutaifu.
Japanese: 徴税機構と財政機構の一本化を目指して明治2年8月11日(旧暦)に両省を合併、民部卿松平慶永が大蔵卿を大蔵大輔大隈重信が民部大輔を兼任した。
English: That was the scheme of the young officials of Kaimeiha faction including OOKUMA and Hirobumi ITO, the Okurashoyu, whom Takayoshi KIDO, who urged the need of establishing a centralized government, supported.
Japanese: 今度は中央集権体制の確立を急ぐ木戸孝允の支持を得た大隈や大蔵少輔伊藤博文ら開明派若手官僚の画策であった。
English: OKUBO and others, in alliance with other Sangi and local officers, opposed the movement by insisting that the newly merged ministry possessed authority more so than the Dajokan, and demanded the expulsion of OOKUMA and ITO and the separation of the ministry.
Japanese: 一方、大久保らはこうした動きに対して、新省が太政官を上回る権限を持つとして反発し、他の参議や地方官と結んで大隈・伊藤の排撃と再分離を求めた。
English: Then in August 6, 1870, OKUBO led the decision to separate the ministry.
Japanese: その結果、1870年8月6日（明治3年7月10日(旧暦)）に大久保が主導して両省の再分離が決定された。
English: In the end, however, the factions compromised on that matter and on December 12, 1870, they decided to merge the Minbusho and Okurasho again on September 11, 1871 in exchange for the separation of the Kobusho, that was specialized in promoting industry.
Japanese: だが、最終的に両派の間で妥協が成立して、1870年12月12日に（明治3年閏10月20日(旧暦)）殖産興業を専門に扱う工部省の分離と引き換えに1871年9月11日（明治4年7月27日(旧暦)）に民部・大蔵両省の再合併が決定された。
English: It is considered that the compromise was made because OKUBO recognized the importance of a centralized government in the process of promoting Haihanchiken, the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures, and agreed on the policy of KIDO and others; separation of the part that specialized in the promotion of industry divided the power concentrated in the new merged ministry; and the OKUBO's faction wanted to avoid an all-out conflict with the young officials of the Kaimeiha faction who were to lead the future government.
Japanese: これは廃藩置県などの推進の過程で大久保が中央集権の必要性を認めて木戸らの方針に同意する方向へと変わると同時に、殖産興業の分離で合併後の新省が持つ権限の分割に成功したこと、更には将来の政府を担う開明派若手官僚との全面衝突を避けたいとの思惑があったからであると言われている。
English: In 1871, there was a behind-the-scenes movement toward achieving Haihanchiken in the government and troops were called out from the three domains of Satsuma, Choshu, and Tosa to form Goshinpei, the army under the command of the government, and Takamori SAIGO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, who returned to their birthplaces, were called back to the government.
Japanese: 更に1871年に入ると廃藩置県に向けた政府内の動きが密かに動き出し、薩摩・長州・土佐3藩の兵を御親兵として集めるとともに、郷里に帰っていた西郷隆盛と板垣退助を呼び戻した。
English: On August 29, 1871, Haihanchiken was carried out.
Japanese: 1871年8月29日（明治4年7月14日(旧暦)）、廃藩置県が断行された。
English: During the same period, the government carried out several reforms establishing the Shihosho and Monbusho ministries, then the central government Seiin, the advisory council Sain, and the coordinating organization Uin were established, and Jingikan was raised to the ministry Jingisho.
Japanese: ほぼ前後して司法省と文部省が設置され次いで正院（中央政府）・左院（諮問機関）・右院（調整機関）が設置され、神祇官が神祇省に格下げされるなどの改革が断行された。
English: Personnel changes took place at the same time; Sanetomi SANJO took office as Dajodaijin, SAIGO, KIDO, OOKUMA, and ITAGAKI took office as Sangi, and IWAKURA and Hirofusa MADENOKOJI remained in the government, but the other court nobles and lords were dismissed from offices and the traditional court lady system of the Imperial Court was abolished.
Japanese: 更に同時に人事面でも改革が進められ、太政大臣に三条実美・参議に西郷・木戸・大隈・板垣が就任して、これに岩倉と万里小路博房が政府内に留まったものの他の公家・諸侯は悉く職を免ぜられ、また旧来通りの宮中の女官の排除も行われた。
English: The court rank system was replaced by the official rank system, in which civil officials third grade and above and military officers fourth grade and above were called Chokuninkan, the officials and officers seventh grade and above were called Soninkan, and those eighth grade and below were called Hanninkan.
Japanese: 更に位階制を廃止して15階からなる官等制（文官は3等・武官は4等以上を勅任官、7等以上を奏任官、それ以下を判任官とする）を導入した。
English: There, the basic form of the Dajokan system during the Meiji period in which the Emperor led the whole government from the Dajokan inclusive by attending his business in person and making decisions by himself with the three ministries assisting him in directing Sangi and Kyo (i.e., Sangi and Kyo did not take responsibilities of assisting the Emperor); and the origin of the domain clique called Hanbatsu formed by the members of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, and Hizen domains were established.
Japanese: これによって、天皇が親臨・親裁形式で太政官以下を率い、三大臣がこれを輔弼して参議・卿を指揮する（従って参議以下には輔弼責任はなかった）という明治の太政官制の基本形式と薩長土肥出身者によるいわゆる藩閥の原点か確立したのである。
English: January, 1875, the eighth year of Meiji, Toshimichi OKUBO and Hirobumi ITO, who were Sangi, asked Takayoshi KIDO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, who had resigned after a debate about conquering Korea, to return to the government as Sangi at a meeting in Osaka.
Japanese: 1875年（明治8年）1月、参議の大久保利通と伊藤博文は、征韓論などをめぐって辞職した木戸孝允と板垣退助に対し、参議に復職することを求めた（大阪会議）。
English: In February of the same year, the two parties agreed to gradually transform Japan into a constitutional monarchy and decided on the two persons returning to the government.
Japanese: 同年2月に至り、立憲体制へ漸次的に移行することで一致し、二人の復帰が決まった。
English: The Imperial edict Rikken Seitai no Shosho (Dajokanfukoku No. 58) was issued on April 14, 1875, whereby the base of the separation of powers was formed such that placed Dajokan and Seiin to take responsibility for administration, Genroin, and Chihokankaigi to take responsibility for legislation, and Daishinin to take responsibility for jurisdiction.
Japanese: 同年4月14日には、立憲政體ノ詔書（太政官布告第58号）を発して、行政を担当する太政官・正院、立法を担当する元老院(日本)・地方官会議、司法を担当する大審院を置く三権分立制の基礎を形作った。
English: This system continued until it was replaced by the Cabinet system in 1885.
Japanese: この体制は、1885年（明治18年）に内閣(日本)が発足するまで続いた。
English: Laws like the Dajokanfukoku and Dajokantasshi during this period are considered still effective today, unless the laws established thereafter are inconsistent with them.
Japanese: この時代に出された太政官布告・太政官達などの法令は、後に制定された法令に矛盾しない限り、効力は存続するとされている。
English: It is considered that laws recognized as under the Constitution of the Great Empire of Japan are effective today, unless they are inconsistent with the Constitution of Japan.
Japanese: 現在でも、大日本帝国憲法下で法律としての効力があったと解される場合は、日本国憲法の内容に反しない限り、効力は存続していると解されている。
English: Genro indicates a senior top-level statesman in the Japanese government in the era from the latter half of the Mejia period to the early Showa period.
Japanese: 元老（げんろう、英：elderstatesman）とは、明治時代後期から昭和時代初期にかけて、日本政府の最高首脳であった重臣である。
English: The persons who contributed to the Meiji restoration significantly were called genkun, and it is said that this term was an abbreviation created mainly by mass media, because they virtually led the politics in the new Meiji government for a long period (Choro-genkun (senior Genkun) -> Genkun-ro (old Genkun) -> Genro, or an abbreviation of Genkun-shoro (senior Genkun persons).
Japanese: 明治維新に功績のあった人物を元勲と呼ぶが、彼らが明治新政府において長期間に渡って事実上政治を牽引していたことから、主にマスコミ周辺から誕生した略称だと言われている（長老元勲→元勲老→元老、もしくは元勲諸老の略）。