nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Nakasendai War was a rebellion that occurred in July 1335 in which Tokiyuki HOJO, a bereaved son of Takatoki HOJO (the 14th shikken [shogunal regent] of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), raised an army, with the support of Yorishige SUWA (the period of Northern and Southern Courts) of Shinano Province, with the aim to restore the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 中先代の乱（なかせんだいのらん）は、1335年（建武(日本)2年）7月(旧暦)、北条高時（鎌倉幕府第14代執権）の遺児北条時行が、信濃国の諏訪頼重(南北朝時代)らに擁立され、鎌倉幕府復興のため挙兵した反乱。
English: It is called the Nakasendai War based on the fact that Tokiyuki HOJO temporarily occupied Kamakura during the period between the former administration (Hojo clan) and the subsequent administration (Ashikaga clan).
Japanese: 先代（北条氏）と後代（足利氏）との間にあって、一時的に鎌倉を支配したことから中先代の乱と呼ばれている。
English: At the end of the Kamakura period, Emperor Godaigo launched an anti-shogunate movement and senior vassals of the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA, joined forces with the emperor.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代末期に後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こし、足利尊氏など幕府の有力御家人が呼応した。
English: Kamakura was occupied by Yoshisada NITTA in 1333 and the Hojo clan fell.
Japanese: 1333年（元弘3年/正慶2年）、鎌倉は新田義貞らの攻撃で陥落し、北条氏は滅亡する。
English: In Kamakura, the Kamakura shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established, and Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, and Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, Takauji's younger brother, were appointed to its head and shikken respectively.
Japanese: 鎌倉には、後醍醐天皇の皇子の成良親王を長とし尊氏の弟の足利直義が執権としてこれを補佐する形の鎌倉将軍府が設置された。
English: However, the Kenmu government failed to gain the support of samurai and the remnants of the Hojo clan repeatedly revolted against the government at various places.
Japanese: しかし建武政権は武家の支持を得られず、北条一族の残党などは各地で蜂起を繰り返していた。
English: In 1335, a conspiracy became apparent in which court noble Kinmune SAIONJI and the Hino clan, who had a relationship with the Hojo clan since they served as kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) during the Kamakura period, sheltered Yasuie (Tokioki) HOJO, a younger brother of Takatoki HOJO who was in hiding in Kyoto, and attempted to overthrow the government in support of Emperor Gofushimi of the Jimyoin line.
Japanese: 1335年（建武(日本)2年）には、鎌倉時代に関東申次を務め、北条氏と繋がりがあった公家の西園寺公宗や日野氏らが京都に潜伏していた北条高時の弟北条泰家（時興）を匿い、持明院統の後伏見天皇を擁立して政権転覆を企てた陰謀が発覚する。
English: Although Kinmune and others were killed after they failed to assassinate Emperor Godaigo, Yasuie escaped and appealed to the remnants of the Hojo clan in various places to raise an army.
Japanese: 公宗らは後醍醐天皇の暗殺に失敗して誅殺されたが、泰家は逃れ、各地の北条残党に挙兵を呼びかけた。
English: Tokiyuki, who was in hiding in the Hojo clan's former territory, Shinano Province, raised an army with the support of hereditary vassals such as Yorishige SUWA and the Shigeno clan.
Japanese: 北条氏の旧領である信濃に潜伏していた時行は、旧譜代の諏訪頼重や滋野氏らに擁立されて挙兵した。
English: The Hoshina clan and the Shinomiya clan who sided with Tokiyuki attacked the forces of Sadamune OGASAWARA, military governor of Shinano Province, in the battle of Aonuma and moved from place to place along the Shinano-gawa River to fight.
Japanese: 時行勢の保科氏や四ノ宮氏らは青沼合戦において信濃国守護小笠原貞宗を襲撃し、千曲川沿いを転戦した。
English: In the meantime, the Suwa clan and the Shigeno clan attacked the provincial government office of Shinano Province, forced the governor (Kiyohara-shi Mahito Bo) to commit suicide, entered Musashi Province and advanced toward Kamakura.
Japanese: この間に諏訪氏、滋野氏らは信濃国国衙を襲撃して国司（清原氏真人某）を自害させたあと、武蔵国へ入り鎌倉へ進軍する。
English: Tokiyuki's force defeated the army of the Kamakura shogunfu at various places including Onakagegahara, and defeated the army of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA which came from Kamakura in order to intercept Tokiyuki's force.
Japanese: 時行軍は女影原など各地で鎌倉将軍府の軍勢を撃破、鎌倉から出陣して時行軍を迎撃した足利直義をも破る。
English: Naoyoshi escaped from Kamakura together with Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a very young son of Takauji, and Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo.
Japanese: 直義は尊氏の子の幼い足利義詮や、後醍醐天皇の皇子成良親王らを連れて鎌倉を逃れる。
English: In Kamakura, Imperial Prince Morinaga, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, was being confined after he was expelled from the Kenmu Government.
Japanese: 鎌倉には建武政権から失脚した後醍醐天皇の皇子護良親王が幽閉されていた。
English: When escaping from Kamakura, Naoyoshi made his vassal Yoshihiro FUCHINOBE kill Imperial Prince Morinaga in secret.
Japanese: 直義は鎌倉を落ちる際に密かに家臣の淵辺義博に護良親王を殺害させている。
English: Naoyoshi stayed in Mikawa Province, sent a report on the war to Kyoto and sent back Imperial Prince Nariyoshi.
Japanese: 直義は三河国に駐在し、乱の報告を京都に伝えると同時に成良親王を返還している。
English: Being informed of Tokiyuki's rebellion, Takauji ASHIKAGA requested Emperor Godaigo to permit him to suppress Tokiyuki and to confer on him the title of so-tsuibushi (job title which has the right of government, military affairs and police authority) and seii taishogun (literally, a general who subdues the barbarians) that were necessary for the establishment of military government.
Japanese: 時行勢の侵攻を知らされた建武政権では、足利尊氏が後醍醐天皇に対して時行討伐の許可と同時に武家政権の設立に必要となる総追捕使と征夷大将軍の役職を要請する.
English: Takauji went to the front without obtaining the emperor's authorization, but Emperor Godaigo later conferred the title of seii taishogun on Takauji.
Japanese: 尊氏は勅状を得ないまま出陣し、後醍醐天皇は尊氏に追って征東将軍の号を与える。
English: After uniting with Naoyoshi, Takauji repeatedly defeated Tokiyuki's force at Hashimoto and Sayo no nakayama in Totomi Province, Sagami-gawa River in Sagami Province, and so on.
Japanese: 尊氏は直義と合流し、遠江国橋本、小夜の中山、相模国相模川など各所で時行勢を連破する。
English: In Kamakura, Takauji gave onsho (reward grants), at his discretion, to those who followed him in the battle of suppressing the war, ignored the Kenmu Government's order to return to Kyoto and became alienated from the Kenmu government.
Japanese: 尊氏は鎌倉において、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に勝手に恩賞を分配したり、建武政権の上洛命令を無視したりするなど、建武政権から離反する。
English: After the Northern and Southern Courts were established, he was pardoned by the Southern Court (Japan) in Yoshino and fought against Ashikaga's forces as a member of the forces of the Nitta clan and Akiie KITABATAKE.
Japanese: 南北朝成立後は吉野の南朝(日本)から朝敵免除の綸旨を受けて南朝に従い、新田氏や北畠顕家の軍などに属して足利方と戦う。
English: However, he was captured by Ashikaga's force in 1352 and was executed in Kamakura in the next year.
Japanese: しかし、1352年（正平(日本)7年/文和元年）に足利方に捕縛され、翌年、鎌倉において処刑される。
English: "Kondei" means well-equipped cohorts, which were organized as local military forces from the Nara period through the Heian period.
Japanese: 健児（こんでい）は、奈良時代から平安時代における地方軍事力として整備された軍団。
English: Cohorts were deployed throughout the country as the national military organization under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes), which began to take full effect at the beginning of the eighth century.
Japanese: 8世紀初頭に本格運用され始めた律令制においては、国家の軍事組織として全国各地に軍団(古代日本)を置くこととしていた。
English: The Imperial decree issued on May 30, 734, said that kondei, choshi (non-regular soldiers) and senshi (soldiers guarding the Kyushu region) were exempted from a half amount of both so (rice tax) and zoyo (irregular corvee).
Japanese: 天平6年4月23日（734年）に出された勅（天皇の命令）には、「健児・儲士・選士の租と雑徭を半分免除する」とある。
English: In 738, the operation of kondei was totally suspended in all regions except for the Hokuriku-do and the Nankai-do Regions.
Japanese: 天平10年（738年）には、北陸道と南海道を除く諸道で健児を停止した。
English: In the four provinces of Ise, Omi, Mino and Echizen, kondei were formed with people who were between 20 years old and 40 years old and were trained in archery and horseback riding, and they were selected from young members of gunji (local magistrate) families and peasants.
Japanese: 伊勢国・近江国・美濃国・越前国の4か国において郡司の子弟と百姓の中から、20歳以上40歳以下で弓馬の訓練を受けた者を選んで健児とすることとされた。
English: There is an opinion that these kondei were restored by the greatest mogul of that time, EMI no Oshikatsu (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro), who intended to reinforce the defenses against Togoku.
Japanese: 当時最大の権力者だった恵美押勝（藤原仲麻呂）により、対東国防備の強化のため、健児を復活したのだとする見解もある。
English: At the end of the eighth century, Emperor Kanmu started a large-scale administrative reform in order to reconstruct the Ritsuryo system, which was becoming increasingly distant from the actual conditions.
Japanese: 8世紀末の桓武天皇は、現状との乖離が大きくなりつつあった律令制を再建するため、大規模な行政改革に着手した。
English: As part of that reform, in June 792, he discharged cohorts and soldiers deployed in all provinces except for Mutsu Province, Dewa Province, Sado Province, and provinces in the Saikai-do Region, and established the kondei system instead.
Japanese: その一環として、延暦11年6月（792年）、陸奥国・出羽国・佐渡国・西海道諸国を除く諸国の軍団・兵士を廃止し、代わって健児の制を布いた。
English: This kondei system was established in the same way as the system of the year of 762, and consequently, people who were skilled in archery and horseback riding were selected from young members of gunji (local magistrate) families and peasants.
Japanese: この時の健児は天平宝字6年と同様、郡司の子弟と百姓のうち弓馬に秀でた者を選抜することとした。
English: Meanwhile, as for those regions in which conventional cohorts and soldiers were not abolished, Sado Province and the Saika-do Region still faced potential threats from abroad, and Mutsu and Dewa Provinces continued fighting against Ezo.
Japanese: なお、軍団・兵士が廃止されなかった地域、すなわち、佐渡・西海道では海外諸国の潜在的な脅威が存在していたし、陸奥・出羽では対蝦夷戦争が継続していた。
English: Since these regions required the maintenance of the conventional military system, they didn't introduce the kondei system, which would have meant a scaled down military force to them.
Japanese: これらの地域では従前の軍制を維持する必要があったため、軍制の軽量化といえる健児制は導入されなかったのである。
English: It has been discovered that kondei soldiers were later included in the cohort system once the cohorts were revived, and subsequently, a special tax exemption system called kondei-den was established in order to maintain kondei, and approximately 3,600 kondei soldiers were deployed throughout the country (kondei were deployed in Mutsu, Dewa, and Sado Provinces as well, but not deployed in the Saikai-do Region) as a general rule in the tenth century.
Japanese: その後、軍団が復活すると、健児は軍団の兵士として位置づけられ、10世紀ごろには、健児維持に用するための健児田が設定されたり、全国定員が約3600人（陸奥・出羽・佐渡にも置かれるようになったが、西海道には置かれなかった）とされていたことなどが判っている。
English: The Sanpo War was a rebellion occurred in Gyeongsang Province, Korea, in 1510, provoked by the So clan, who was the shugo (military governor) of Tsushima Province, and kokyowa (Japanese residents who settled down in Korea with keeping Japanese nationality).
Japanese: 三浦の乱（サンポのらん）とは、1510年（中宗(朝鮮王)4年）に朝鮮王朝慶尚道で起きた、対馬守護宗氏と恒居倭人（朝鮮居留日本人）による反乱。
English: In the fifteenth century, there existed a Japanese settlement called Sanpo in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, and major forces in the western part of Japan such as the So clan maintained amicable relations with the Korean Dynasty using Sanpo as their base.
Japanese: 15世紀、朝鮮半島南部に三浦と呼ばれる日本人居留地が存在し、宗氏を始めとする西日本諸勢力は三浦を拠点に朝鮮王朝に通交をしていた。
English: Since maintaining such amicable relations was a heavy burden for the Korean Dynasty, they gradually increased restrictions.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝にとってこうした通交は多大な負担であり、次第に制限を加えていく。
English: However, such restrictions were unacceptable to the So clan, which gave rise to a feud between the two sides (See the section on the trade restriction).
Japanese: それに対し宗氏にとって通交の制限は受け入れられるものではなく、両者の間に確執が生まれる（交易の制限節参照）。
English: An increased number of kokyowa (Japanese people living on the Korean Peninsula who had no intention of becoming naturalized Koreans) living in Sanpo also caused various problems, and the Korean Dynasties started to take a harsh stance towards them (see the "Increase in Number of Kokyowa" section).
Japanese: また三浦居住の恒居倭の増加に伴い様々な問題が生じ、朝鮮王朝は恒居倭に対し強硬な姿勢で臨むようになる（恒居倭の増加節参照）。
English: Under those circumstances, the dissatisfaction had gradually accumulated among the Japanese residents, and eventually the Sanpo War occurred in 1510 as a result of the outburst of their dissatisfaction, but this was suppressed by the Korean Dynasty (see the section of Evolution of the war).
Japanese: こうした中で蓄積された日本人の不満は、1510年に三浦の乱という形で爆発するが朝鮮王朝に鎮圧される（乱の展開節参照）。
English: Consequently, the settlement in Sanpo was closed and the trade was largely restricted, which made the So clan have to seek other possibilities such as the dispatch of gishi (envoys under false names who were sent to Korea in order to evade trading restrictions imposed by Korea) and the concentration of trading rights in Tsushima in order to survive (see the section of the Aftermath of the war).
Japanese: その結果三浦居留地は廃止され、通交も大幅な制限を受けることになり、宗氏は偽使の派遣や通交権の対馬集中といった活路を模索することになる（乱の顛末節参照）。
English: During the Middle Age, influential maritime forces called zenki-wako (early Japanese pirates) threatened East Asia, and the Korean Dynasty was obliged to take various countermeasures including the dispatch of troops, attempts to conciliate the pirates, and requests for suppression of the pirates sent to the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 中世東アジアにおいて倭寇前期倭寇と呼ばれる海上勢力が猛威を奮い、朝鮮王朝は討伐・懐柔・室町幕府への鎮圧要請など、様々な対応を余儀なくされる。
English: The Korean Dynasty maintained the government policy that the agriculture should be the base of the country's economy, and they basically had no need to trade with foreign countries except for some materials which were not produced within the country.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝は農本主義を国是としており、本来なら国内で産出することの無い必要最小限の物資の入手を除けば外国との交易を必要としていなかった。
English: However, they attempted to bring the wako pirates under their control and also secured the cooperation from the forces in the western part of Japan in exchange for amicable relations; additionally, they even converted the wako pirates themselves into peace coordinators.
Japanese: しかし倭寇沈静化を図り、通交権をもって西日本諸勢力から倭寇禁圧の協力を取りつけ、また倭寇自体を平和的通交者へと懐柔していった。
English: Since Tsushima was considered one of the most important bases of the wako pirates, the So clan, who was the governor of Tsushima Province, was requested to cooperate with the Korean Dynasty, so the So clan responded to that request and eventually began to undertake active participation in the trade between Japan and Korea.
Japanese: 特に対馬は倭寇の一大拠点と目されており、対馬守護であった宗氏に対してもこうした協力が要請され、宗氏もそれに応え日朝交易に積極的に参加をしていった。
English: When the Korean Dynasty was founded, there was no restriction on entrance ports, and foreigners who visited Korea for trade were allowed to enter any port.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝建国当初は入港場に制限はなく、通交者は随意の浦々に入港することが可能であった。
English: However, since the Korean Dynasty was afraid that the information about their defensive preparation along the territory might be leaked to the wako pirates, they limited the entry of koriwasen (ships used to deliver daily necessities such as rice, fish and salt) in 1407, so that these ships were allowed to use only the Pusanpo (port of Busan) and the Seiho (port of Sei, and this port was also called Naijiho), which both were located in Jinhae City, South Gyeongsang Province. The Dynasty also applied the same policy to shisosen (ships used to dispatch envoys) in 1410.
Japanese: しかし各地の防備の状況が倭寇に漏れるのを恐れ、交易統制のためもあり、1407年、朝鮮王朝は興利倭船（米、魚、塩など日常品の交易をする船）の入港場を釜山浦・薺浦（乃而浦とも、慶尚南道の鎮海市）に制限し、1410年には使送船（使節による通交船）についても同様の措置が取られる。
English: In 1426, when a local magnate in Tsushima called the Soda clan requested free trade everywhere in Gyeongsang Province, the Dynasty rejected their request but in return they granted the clan additional permission of entry to the Enbo, a port located in Ulsan Metropolitan City.
Japanese: 1426年、対馬の有力者早田氏が慶尚道全域で任意に交易できるよう要求したのに対し、拒絶する代償として塩浦（蔚山広域市）を入港場に追加した。
English: The medieval trade between Japan and Korea consisted of three trading styles: shinjo (courtesy visits with gifts) by trading envoys and kaishi (luxurious return gifts), the public trade by the Korean Dynasty, and private trade by Japanese and Korean merchants.
Japanese: 中世日朝交易は、通交使節による進上と回賜、朝鮮王朝による公貿易、日朝双方の商人による私貿易の三つの形態が組み合わさったものであった。
English: For the Korean Dynasty, the public trade was not a source of benefits, and it was rather a great strain on the national treasury.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝にとって公貿易は利益を産み出すものではなく国庫を圧迫する要因となっていた。
English: Korea had to pay for the living expenses of traders during their stay in Korea and the transportation expenses of commodities, and these financial burdens were too heavy to be ignored.
Japanese: また朝鮮国内における通交者の滞在費・交易品の輸送も朝鮮側が担っており、こうした負担も無視出来ないものであった。
English: Since the number of trade transactions increased because of the development of the Japanese economy, the Korean Dynasty was no longer able to manage such financial burdens, and they finally began to restrict the trading activities.
Japanese: 日本経済の発達に伴い交易量が増大した結果、朝鮮王朝はこうした負担に耐えられなくなり、交易の制限を図るようになる。
English: On the other side, Tsushima was a mountainous country with small arable land, so it was difficult to govern the territory only with taxes imposed on the land.
Japanese: それに対し、対馬は山がちで耕地が少なく土地を通じた領国支配は困難であった。そのため、宗氏は通交権益の知行化を通じて有力庶家の掌握や地侍の被官化を行い、領国支配を推し進めていた（宗氏領国）。
English: Therefore, the So clan established their dominance over the territory by obtaining the revenue arose from the trade with Korea in order to have a command of influential families and place local samurai under the clan's order (this is called the Territory of the So clan).
Japanese: そのため、宗氏は通交権益の知行化を通じて有力庶家の掌握や地侍の被官化を行い、領国支配を推し進めていた（宗氏領国）。
English: In addition, they lost their territory in the northern Kyushu because the influence of their master the Shoni clan became weak, so they had to grant their vassals the rights and interests of the trade instead of the land. Therefore they were eager for the expansion of the trade, and they could never accept the restrictions on the trade.
Japanese: また主家である少弐氏の敗勢により九州北部の所領を喪失し、家臣に代替えとして通交権益を宛がう必要もあり、通交の拡大を望みこそすれ制限は受け入れられるものではなかった。
English: Consequently, the So clan intended to enhance the trade using various measures, but the clan's intent triggered a conflict with the Korean Dynasty.
Japanese: そのため、宗氏は様々な手段で通交の拡大を図り、朝鮮王朝と軋轢を引き起こすことになる。
English: In accordance with the Kakitsu Treaty concluded in 1443, the Korean Dynasty decided to set the maximum number of saikensen (annual shisosen) from Tsushima at 50 per year.
Japanese: 1443年の嘉吉条約により、朝鮮王朝は対馬から通交する歳遣船（毎年派遣される使送船）の上限を年間50隻に定める。
English: In response, the So clan proposed not to count tokusosen (ships used to send envoys for urgent matters) among saikansen, and requested that another policy should be applied to saikensen registered under the names of their branch families, separately from the treaty for the toshu saikensen (ships of the So head house used to dispatch envoys to Korea).
Japanese: それに対し宗氏は特送船（緊急の用事で送る使送船）を歳遣船の定数外とし、島主歳遣船（宗氏本宗家名義の歳遣船）とは別に有力庶家名義の歳遣船を定約を要求する。
English: The So clan also requested the Korean Dynasty to increase the maximum number of the toshu saikensen, but this request was rejected by the Korean Dynasty.
Japanese: 宗氏はまた島主歳遣船の上限を引き上げるよう要求するが、これは朝鮮王朝から拒絶されている。
English: Moreover, the So clan tried to increase the number of trade transactions by making up false envoys using names of clans who existed outside Tsushima or names of fictitious clans.
Japanese: さらに対馬島外勢力や実在しない勢力名を騙った新たな通交者の偽使を仕立て上げ、通交の拡大を図った。
English: In the trade between Japan and Korea of those days, Japan exported pepper, tanboku (sacred tree), shubeni (scarlet pigment), copper, and gold, while Korea exported cotton cloth.
Japanese: 当時の日朝貿易における日本側の輸出品は胡椒・丹木・朱紅・銅・金等であり、朝鮮側の輸出品は綿布であった。
English: The Korean Dynasty raised the exchange rate of cotton cloth in 1488, because they were afraid that the state-reserved cotton cloth might run out.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝は綿布の国庫備蓄が底をつくことを恐れ、1488年に綿布の交換レートの引き上げを行った。
English: In 1494 they prohibited the public trade of gold and shubeni and in 1498 they prohibited the public trade of copper.
Japanese: 1494年には金・朱紅の公貿易禁止、1498年には銅の公貿易も禁止する。
English: Against this movement, the So clan tried to export copper by shipping it over by tokusosen which had been used only for diplomatic negotiations until then.
Japanese: それに対し宗氏は、それまでは外交交渉のため使用していた特送船を使って銅の輸出を図る。
English: The envoy of the So clan who visited Korea in 1500 brought 115 thousand kins (69,000kg) of copper, but the Korean Dynasty purchased only one third of the total amount and told the envoy to take the rest back to Japan.
Japanese: 1500年に朝鮮に訪れた宗氏の使者は11万5千斤の銅を持ち込むが、朝鮮王朝は三分の一を買い取り残りを持ち帰らせる。
English: Two years later, the envoy visited Korea again and pressed the Korean Dynasty for the purchase of the remaining copper, but the Dynasty proposed they would purchase one third of the remaining copper after raising the exchange rate of cotton cloth against copper, and eventually, the negotiation ended in failure.
Japanese: 2年後再度訪れた使者は残余の買い取りを迫るが、朝鮮王朝は綿布の交換レートを引き上げた上での三分の一の買い取りを提示し、交渉は物別れに終わる。
English: In 1508, they again had a similar negotiation, although its result is unknown because any related documents are not left.
Japanese: 資料が残っておらず結果は不明ながら、1508年にも再度同様の交渉が行われている。
English: This large amount of copper was not mined by the So clan, and it is thought that a large amount of copper had been accumulated as excess stock in Tsushima and Hakata due to the trade restrictions imposed by the Korean Dynasty.
Japanese: こうした大量の銅は、宗氏が新たに入手したものではなく、朝鮮王朝が交易の制限を強化していく中、対馬・博多において大量に過剰在庫となって溜まっていたものと考えられる。
English: Dissatisfaction was growing at the So clan due to a number of conflicts over the trade restrictions, and that became one of the triggers for the Sanpo War.
Japanese: こうした交易の制限を巡る軋轢が繰返される中、宗氏は不満を募らせ三浦の乱の一因となっていく。
English: At the outset, the Korean Dynasty considered Sanpo as just entrance ports and they did not anticipate that Japanese people would settle down there.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝の当初の目論見では三浦は入港場にすぎず、日本人の定住は想定していなかった。
English: However, since Tsushima had such poor land that it could not absorb the surplus population within the territory, some Japanese people as well as people involved in trading began to settle in Sanpo, and these people were called kokyowa.
Japanese: しかし対馬は土地が痩せ島内で過剰人口を吸収できず、交易従事者のみならず三浦に定住する日本人（恒居倭）が出現する。
English: They expanded their residential area beyond the boundary of the permitted Japanese settlement, and they had various activities such as the purchase of farming land to grow agricultural products, the fishing at the coastal area of the Korean Peninsular, and illegal trading.
Japanese: 彼らは倭館の関限を超えて居住し、田地を購入して耕作、朝鮮半島沿岸での漁、密貿易など様々な活動を行った。
English: Since the Korean Dynasty was afraid that kokyowa might become wako, they hesitated to use their administrative powers such as the police authority, the legal jurisdiction, and the authority of tax collection, and they just left the government of that area to some influential Japanese people.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝は恒居倭の倭寇化を恐れ、検断権（警察・司法権）・徴税権といった行政権を行使できず、日本人有力者による自治に任せるままであった。
English: The Korean Dynasty was worried about the increased number of kokyowa, and they repeatedly demanded that the So clan should take measures to repatriate kokyowa.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝は恒居倭の増加を危惧し、宗氏に恒居倭を送還するよう度々要請を行なう。
English: At the beginning, since the So clan did not have a command of kokyowa, they actively sent kokyowa back to Tsushima, which was the place under the control of the clan.
Japanese: 宗氏は当初恒居倭を掌握しておらず、自身の支配下にある対馬への送還に熱心であった。
English: However, after the residents who were not under the control of the So clan were cleaned up from Sanpo by the repatriation of 1436, the Sanpo Daikan (local governor in Sanpo) dispatched by the So clan began to govern this area.
Japanese: しかし1436年の送還により宗氏の支配下にない者達が一掃され、以降三浦は宗氏の派遣する三浦代官の支配するところとなる。
English: Consequently, the So clan became less interested in the repatriation of the residents, and the population in Sanpo increased drastically: the population was 206 in 1436, and it increased to over 1,650 in 1466, and then it eventually reached 3,105 in 1494.
Japanese: その結果宗氏は送還に消極的になり、三浦人口は1436年の206人から1466年には1650余人、1494年には3105人まで急増することになる。
English: The increased population of kokyowa caused various problems such as the occupation of fishing grounds by kokyowa, the pirate-like behavior by kokyowa, the consistent illegal trading accompanied by a collusive relationship between kokyowa and Koreans, tax evasion by some Korean who lived in the vicinity of Sanpo, and the emergence of Korean pirates.
Japanese: 恒居倭の増加に伴い、恒居倭による漁場の占拠、恒居倭の倭寇化、密貿易の恒常化及び恒居倭と朝鮮人の癒着、三浦周辺朝鮮人の納税回避、朝鮮人水賊の活発化など、様々な問題が噴出する。
English: The Korean Dynasty described the situation of Sanpo and said, 'Sanpo is, so to speak, a tumor in the belly, and is about to collapse,' and a sence of crisis grew among them.
Japanese: 朝鮮王朝は三浦の状況を、「譬えるなら、腫瘍が腹に出来、すぐにでも崩れそうな状況」と危機感を募らせていく。
English: At the end of the fifteenth century, since the Korean Dynasty became tired of the situation, they changed their policy and started to take a harder stance towards kokyowa.
Japanese: 15世紀末、こうした事態に耐えかねた朝鮮王朝は恒居倭に対し強硬姿勢に転ずる。