nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Yoshihisa seems to have been proud of his family and the Shimazu clan, viewing Hideyaoshi as something of an upstart, and therefore choosing not to enter into corresponse with him.
Japanese: 義久は名族・島津氏の自尊心がかなり強かったらしく、秀吉のような成り上がり者を通信相手に選ばなかったといわれている。
English: He took a daughter of his grandfather, Tadayoshi SHIMAZU (his aunt) for his legal wife and after mourning her early death, he remarried to a daughter of Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA.
Japanese: 祖父島津忠良の娘（叔母）を妻に迎え、死別後は種子島時尭の娘を後妻とした。
English: However, because a record dated March 13, 1583 in 'UWAI, Kakuken Nikki' (Diary of Kakuken UWAI) refers to Goryo-sama and the territorial distribution of the Shimazu clan around 1599, printed in the "Sappan Kyuki-zatsuroku" (Miscellaneaous Records of old Satsuma) and to Yoshihisa's Naigi (wife), it is confirmed that he again remarried after the death of his second legal wife, but she is considered not to have been a legal wife.
Japanese: しかし、「上井覚兼日記」天正11年3月13日（旧暦）の記載に御料様の記載があることや、『薩藩旧記雑録』に所収された慶長4年頃の島津家の領地の配分について義久内儀義弘内儀分という記載があることから、2人の正室没後に後妻の存在が確認されているが、正室ではないと考えられている。
English: This woman is considered to have been the same person referred to as 'Ichinodai' in the "Shinjo-Shimazu-ke Bunsho" (History of the Shinjo-Shimazu family).
Japanese: この女性は『新城島津家文書』のなかに、「一之臺」と記載されている人物と同一ではないかと考えられている。
English: In addition, according to the section on Munetaka SAMEJIMA in the 'Honpan-Jinbutsushi' (Personages of Satsuma), there was a concubine of Yoshihisa's called Kojijyu who bore a male child after she was granted to Sukemitsu KIWAKI, giving rise to the theory that there was a child born out of wedlock, but she does not appear in official historical records, and the credibility of the account, including the existense of a concubine, is low.
Japanese: そのほか、「本藩人物志」鮫島宗堯の項に、義久の側室とされる小侍従なる女性が木脇祐光に下げ渡された後に男児を生んだ（鮫島宗堯）としていることから、落胤説もあるが公式史料には登場せず、小侍従の存在を含めて信憑性は低い。
English: There is a Hokyoin-to (Buddhist stupa) memorializing Yoshihisa and successive heads of the Shimazu family at Fukusho-ji Temple in Kagoshima City.
Japanese: 鹿児島市内の福昌寺(鹿児島市)に歴代島津家当主らと共に宝筐印塔がある。
English: In addition, there is a three-story stone pagoda which enshrines a relic of his body (said to be tooth) at the ruins of Kongo-ji Temple in Kokubu, Kirishima City, and there is a Gyakushu-to (a memorial stone erected for onself before death) that had been built to memorialize himself, Masumune HIRATA, Arinaga YAMADA and others in 1600 at Imakumano-Kannon-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 他にも霧島市国分の金剛寺跡には遺体の一部（歯と伝えられる）が祀られた三重石塔、京都市の今熊野観音寺には平田増宗、山田有栄らと共に慶長五年に建てた逆修塔がある。
English: "Shimazu Yoshihisa" (Sakijin KIRINO, PHP books, PHP Interface, 2005, ISBN 4569664199)
Japanese: 桐野作人『島津義久』（PHP研究所PHP文庫、2005年）　ISBN4569664199
English: "Ryukyu no Kaze" (Winds of Ryukyu) (NHK Taiga drama series, staring Hideo MUROTA)
Japanese: 『琉球の風(NHK大河ドラマ)』（NHK大河ドラマ、演：室田日出男）
English: Ansai YAMAZAKI (January 24, 1619 - October 16, 1682) was a Confucian scholar, neo-Confucian scholar, Shintoist and philosopher of the early Edo period.
Japanese: 山崎闇斎（やまざきあんさい、元和(日本)4年12月9日(旧暦)（1619年1月24日）-天和(日本)2年9月16日(旧暦)（1682年10月16日））は、江戸前期の儒者・朱子学者・神道家・思想家。
English: Born to a ronin (masterless samurai) family in Kyoto, he left home for Mt. Hiei at a young age to enter the Myoshin-ji Temple and become a monk.
Japanese: 京都で浪人(武士)の子として生まれ、幼くして比叡山に入り、ついで妙心寺に移って僧となる。
English: He had Neo-Confucian training from Jichu TANI in the Tosa Nangaku school, and he became seriously involved in Neo-Confucianism from his association with Kenzan NONAKA and Sansei OGURA, and accomplished an exclaustration to become a New-Confucian in 1642.
Japanese: 土佐南学派の谷時中から朱子学の手ほどきを受け、また野中兼山や小倉三省らとの交わりのなかで、朱子学への傾倒を深め、1642年に還俗して儒者となった。
English: He was invited to work as a Hinshi (guest teacher) for the lord of Aizu, Masayuki HOSHINA in 1665; and, took an active role in giving advice on the ruling of the domain.
Japanese: 1665年、会津藩主保科正之の賓師に迎えられ、藩政への助言者として活躍する。
English: The distinctive character of his philosophy was the denial of Hobatsu (expel outrageous tyrants, etc. from a capital), and this had significant influence on the Sonno-Joi (Revere the Emperor and expel the foreigners) at the end of the Edo period, as well as for Mito-gaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) and Koku-gaku (the study of Japanese classical literature).
Japanese: その思想の独自性は、放伐を否定した点にあり、水戸学・国学などとともに、幕末の尊王攘夷思想に大きな影響を与えた。
English: His disciples were Naokata SATO, Keisai ASAMI, Shosai MIYAKE, Konpai UEDA, Mokusai YUSA, Jinzan TANI, Kinmichi OGIMACHI and Yoshinao IZUMOJI.
Japanese: 門人には、佐藤直方・浅見絅斎・三宅尚斎・植田艮背・遊佐木斎・谷秦山・正親町公通・出雲路敬直らがいる。
English: His philosophy declared that the human spirit (Shinshin) and Tenjin (heavenly gods) were of the same source and were identical; Ansai YAMAZAKI enshrined his Shinshin in Hokora (a small shrine) in his house.
Japanese: 山崎闇斎は、人間の心（心神）は、即ち天神と同源であり同一であるとの思想から、自らの心神を自宅の祠に祀った。
English: Later, after his shrine was transferred to the Shimogoryo-jinja Shrine premises, the shrine was enshrined together in Sarutahiko-jinja Shrine and remains there today.
Japanese: のちに下御霊神社の境内に遷座して、猿田彦神社に合祀され、現存している。
English: Yoshioki OUCHI was the daimyo (feudal lord) of Suo Province who lived from the end of the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period.
Japanese: 大内義興（おおうちよしおき）は室町時代後期から戦国時代(日本)にかけての周防国の戦国大名。
English: As the kanreidai (representative of a shogunal deputy) and protector of the shogun, and the Shugo of the seven provinces of Suo, Nagato, Iwami, Aki, Chikuzen, Buzen, and Yamashiro, he was one of the great men of the early the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) prior to the appearance of Nobunaga ODA.
Japanese: 室町幕府の管領代となって将軍の後見人となり、周防・長門・石見・安芸・筑前・豊前・山城の7ヶ国の守護職を兼ね、織田信長らが登場する前の戦国時代前期の事実上の天下人として君臨した。
English: He was born in 1477, the son of Masahiro Ouchi, the twenty ninth family head of the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: 文明9年（1477年）、大内氏の第29代当主・大内政弘の子として生まれる。
English: When his father retired due to illness in 1494, he inherited the family estate and became the thirtieth family head of the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: 明応3年（1494年）、父・政弘が病気により隠居したため、家督を譲られて大内氏の第30代当主となる。
English: When his father died in 1495, Takemori SUE (Okifusa SUE's older brother) falsely charged the Nagato Shugodai, Hironori NAITO, of supporting Yoshioki's younger brother, Takahito OUCHI, leading Yoshioki to have Hironori and his son, Takahito NAITO, executed.
Japanese: 明応4年（1495年）、父が死去すると、長門守護代の内藤弘矩が弟の大内隆弘を擁立しようとしたと陶武護（陶興房の兄）に讒言され、それを信じて弘矩と内藤弘和を誅殺してしまった。
English: However, upon learning the charges against the NAITOs were false, he executed their accuser, Takemori, and took the daughter of Hironori as his legal wife to restore the Naito clan.
Japanese: ただし、後に内藤親子の冤罪を知り、讒言した武護を誅殺し、弘矩の娘を正室に迎えて内藤氏を再興させている。
English: While engaging in battles with the Otomo and Shoni clans in northern Kyushu, he added title of Shugoshiki (military governor) of Aki and Iwami to his father's estate of Suo, Nagato, Buzen and Chikuzen, and expanded his power to a part of Higo Province as well.
Japanese: 北九州で大友氏や少弐氏らと合戦を繰り広げながら、父の代の領土であった周防、長門、豊前、筑前に加え、安芸、石見の守護職を兼ねるほかに肥前国の一部にも勢力を広げた。
English: He intervened in the internal conflict of the Otomo clan in 1496 to execute Masachika OTOMO, but his attempt to assign Daishoinsoshin OTOMO, whom he supported, as the Otomo clan successor failed in the face of resistance from Chikaharu OTOMO.
Japanese: 明応5年（1496年）には大友氏の内紛に介入して大友政親を処刑し、自らが擁立する大友大聖院宗心を大友家の後継者にしようとしたが、大友親治の反抗によって失敗している。
English: He attacked Masasuke and his son, Takatsune SHONI, in February 1497, leading to their suicides in April, and expanded his power in northern Kyushu.
Japanese: 明応6年（1497年）1月には少弐政資・少弐高経親子を攻め、4月に両名を自害に追い込んで北九州に勢力を拡大した。
English: However, Masasuke's third son, Sukemoto SHONI, raised an army in 1501, which allied with Chikaharu OTOMO in 1506, and showed signs of attacking the Ouchi estate.
Japanese: しかし政資の三男・少弐資元が文亀元年（1501年）に挙兵し、永正3年（1506年）には大友親治と連合して大内領に侵攻する気配を示した。
English: However, Yoshioki was in Yamaguchi in 1500 protecting former Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, who had fled Kyoto after the Meio no seihen (Meio Coup), so Yoshioki, with the help of Yoshitane, reconciled with Sukemoto SHONI in 1507, enabling him to maintain power in northern Kyushu.
Japanese: しかし明応8年（1500年）には前将軍で、明応の政変で京都を追われた足利義稙を山口に保護していたため、義興は永正4年（1507年）に義稙の仲介により少弐資元と和睦し、北九州の勢力を保っている。
English: In July 1507, Masamoto HOSOKAWA, who had gained control of the shogunate government by helping Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA become the Eleventh Shogun, was assassinated.
Japanese: 永正4年（1507年）6月、足利義澄を第11代将軍に擁立して幕政を牛耳っていた細川政元が暗殺された。
English: Yoshioki saw the resulting internal conflict within the Hosokawa clan as a good opportunity to invade Kinai region and, after ordering the mobilization of daimyo from Kyushu and Chugoku regions, departed Yamaguchi in December and had advanced into Bingo Province by January of the following year.
Japanese: その後も細川氏内部では抗争が続いたため、畿内進出の好機と見た義興は、九州・中国の諸大名に動員令を発し、11月には山口から進発し、12月に備後国にまで進出した。
English: In response, at the HOSOKAWAs, Masamoto's adopted son, Takakuni HOSOKAWA, allied with Yoshioki to oppose and resist Sumimoto HOSOKAWA, who escaped to Omi Province with Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA in March 1508.
Japanese: これに対して細川家では、政元の養子であった細川高国が義興と通じて細川澄元と対立・抗争し、永正5年（1508年）3月に澄元は高国・義興らに圧迫され、足利義澄と共に近江国に逃走した。
English: Yoshioki reached Kyoto in June, handed back the shogunship to Yoshitane in July though, as Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) and Kanreidai, he, along with Takakuni, controlled the government.
Japanese: 6月に上洛を果たした義興は、7月には義稙を将軍職に復帰させ、自らも左京大夫・管領代として高国と共に幕政を執行する立場になったのである。
English: However, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA frequently launched counter attacks (the Battle of Nyoigatake) to try and regain Kyoto.
Japanese: しかし細川澄元らは京都奪還を目指してたびたび反攻（如意ケ嶽の戦い）してくる。
English: Yoshioki invaded Omi with Takakuni in February 1510 but was defeated by contraries.
Japanese: 永正7年（1510年）1月には高国と共に近江に侵攻するが、逆に敗北してしまった。
English: Seeing this, Yoshizumi decided to declare war and invaded Settsu in August 1511.
Japanese: これにより義澄方は一大決戦を決意し、永正8年（1511年）7月には摂津に侵攻して決戦を挑んでくる。
English: Yoshioki and Takakuni attacked but were defeated at both Settsu and Izumi Province and they escaped to Tanba Province.
Japanese: これに対して義興は高国と共に迎撃するも、摂津でも和泉国でも敗北して丹波国に逃走した。
English: However, luck was on their side when Yoshizumi died suddenly in September 16, then they defeated Sumimoto's army in a decisive battle at Funaokayama Castle on September 25, and retook Kyoto (the Battle of Funaokayama).
Japanese: しかし8月14日に義澄が急死するなどの好条件にも助けられて、8月23日に船岡山城の決戦で澄元軍を破り、京都を奪還したのである（船岡山の戦い）。
English: Yoshioki's achievements of this period must have been considerable for he was promoted to the third rank at court, on a par with the Kugyo (nobles) in March 1512.
Japanese: このときの義興の活躍は相当のものだったようであり、永正9年（1512年）3月にはその武功により、従三位に昇位されて公卿に列せられた。
English: However, with his relationships with Shogun Yoshizumi and Takakuni HOSOKAWA gradually worsening, and Tsunehisa AMAGO of Izumo province invading his estates of Iwami province and Aki province, he retired from the post of Kanrei-dai and returned to Yamaguchi.
Japanese: しかし次第に将軍・義稙や細川高国と不仲になり、さらに領国の石見国や安芸国に対して出雲国の尼子経久が侵攻を開始してきたため、永正15年（1518年）8月2日に管領代を辞して山口に帰国した。
English: Tsunehisa, who had increased his power during Yoshioki's absence, was not weakened by Yoshioki's return and, in 1523, captured Hashiura in Iwami, and the Mori clan of Aki, who were subordinates of the Ouchi family, switched sides to the Amago clan.
Japanese: 義興の留守中に勢力を伸ばしていた経久の勢いは衰えることが無く、大永3年（1523年）には石見の波志浦を攻略され、安芸では大内家に従属していた毛利氏が尼子方に寝返った。
English: Using Motonari MORI, the guardian of the head of the Mori clan, Komatsumaru MORI, Tsunehisa was able to capture Kagamiyama-jo Castle in Aki-Saijyo, the center of Ouchi clan control in Aki.
Japanese: 経久は毛利氏の当主・毛利幸松丸の後見役である毛利元就を利用して、大内氏の安芸経営の拠点である安芸西条の鏡山城を攻略させるなどして、一時は大内氏を圧倒した。
English: As a result, in 1521, Yoshioki sent his army to Aki and Iwami but, although fighting the Amago clan for several years, he failed to achieve any favorable results.
Japanese: これに対して義興は大永元年（1521年）から安芸・石見に出兵して連年のように尼子氏と戦うが、思うように戦果が上がらなかった。
English: However, in 1524, he advanced to Aki Itsukushima and annihilated the Amago army at the battle for Sato Kanayama-jo Castle, and in 1525, with the return of Motonari MORI, he recovered somewhat power in Aki.
Japanese: しかし大永4年（1524年）に安芸厳島に進出して佐東銀山城の攻防戦で尼子軍を撃破し、大永5年（1525年）には毛利元就が再び帰参したため、安芸における勢力をやや回復する。
English: Since the Amago clan had fought the Yamana clan at San-in district, Yoshioki took back control of Iwami as well.
Japanese: また、尼子氏も山陰方面で山名氏らとの戦いもあったため、石見における勢力も義興は奪い返した。
English: He fell ill during an attack on Aki Kadoyama-jo Castle in 1528 and died immediately after returning to Yamaguchi.
Japanese: 享禄元年（1528年）、安芸門山城攻めで病に倒れ、山口に帰還直後に死去した。
English: However, this did not mean he was a weak person, as he was a hero who spent his life on the battlefield.
Japanese: ただし、だからといって軟弱な人物ではなく、その生涯を戦陣の中で過ごした英雄である。
English: Instead, by acting like a court noble and making connections with the Imperial court by inviting court nobles who had escaped war in Kyoto to Yamaguchi, Kyoto culture flourished in Yamaguchi, leading to the establishment of Yamaguchi culture (Ouchi culture).
Japanese: むしろ、自らを公家のように振舞うことで、京都の戦火を逃れてやってくる公家を山口に迎えて朝廷とのパイプを作り、さらに京都文化を山口で開花させて、山口文化（大内文化）を創出させた。
English: His estate eventually came to be called the 'Little Kyoto of the West,' and the Ouchi clan had its heyday under his leadership.
Japanese: 領国を「西の小京都」と呼ばれるまでに繁栄させるなど、大内氏の全盛期を築き上げた人物である。
English: Despite controlling Kyoto, he was unable to use it to form a strong base in Kinai region as Nobunaga ODA did because his Suo estate was too far away from Kyoto and because of structural problems relating to the Ouchi clan's position as leaders of kokujin (local samurai).
Japanese: 上洛を果たしていながら、後の織田信長のように畿内で確固たる地盤を築き上げなかった理由は、領国の周防が京都から遠隔地すぎたこと、大内氏自体が国人の盟主的存在という構造的問題などがあったためと思われる。
English: Zeami (Zeami or Seami, (before the change of name) Ze-amidabutsu, 1363(?) (September 10, 1443{?}) was a Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh) performer in the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 世阿弥（ぜあみ、せあみ（改称前）世阿彌陀佛、正平(日本)18年/貞治2年（1363年）?-嘉吉3年8月8日(旧暦)（1443年9月1日）?）は日本の室町時代初期の猿楽師。
English: In cooperation with his father, Kanami (Kan-amidabutsu), Zeami perfected Sarugaku (present Noh) and left many books.
Japanese: 父の観阿弥（觀阿彌陀佛）とともに猿楽（申楽とも。現在の能）を大成し、多くの書を残す。
English: In his 40s and after, Zeamidabutsu, his Buddhist name in Jishu sect of Buddhism (In jishu, posthumous Buddhist names of men is Amida-nyorai (Amidabutsu) Go (byname). Ze (Se) came from Kanze) was abbreviated as Zeami and he became to be called Zeami.
Japanese: 40代以降に時宗の法名（時宗の男の法名（戒名）は阿弥陀如来（阿彌陀佛）号であり、ちなみに世は観世に由来）である世阿弥陀仏が略されて世阿弥と称されるようになった。
English: When Zeami was born, his father, Kanami was 31 years old and a leading player of the Yamato-Sarugaku.
Japanese: 世阿弥が生まれたとき父である観阿弥は31歳で、大和猿楽の有力な役者であった。
English: Recently uncovered documents regarding Zeami's mother have revealed that she could have been 'a daughter of Saemon Rokuro NAGATOMI in Ibosho, Harima Province;' however, the veracity of this claim is still in question.
Japanese: 世阿弥の母については、近年発見された文書により「播磨国揖保庄の永富左衛門六郎の娘」という説もあるが不詳。
English: The troupe lead by Kanami was patronized by Kofuku-ji Temple, but they moved to Kyoto and attained fame with a seven-day performance in Daigo-ji Temple.
Japanese: 観阿弥がひきいる一座は興福寺の庇護を受けていたが京都へ進出し、醍醐寺の7日間興行などで名をとどろかせた。
English: In 1374 or 1375, when Zeami, who was 12 years old at the time, appeared on stage in the Sarugaku Noh performance held by Kanami, he caught the attention of the Muromachi Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 1374年または1375年、観阿弥が今熊野で催した猿楽（申楽）能に12歳の世阿弥が出演したとき、室町将軍足利義満の目にとまった。
English: On the occasion of Gion-e in 1378, Zeami attended the box of Shogun Yoshimitsu and he was criticized by Kuge ('Gogumaiki,' the journal of Kintada SANJO).
Japanese: 1378年の祇園会では将軍義満の桟敷に世阿弥が近侍し、公家の批判をあびている（「後愚昧記」）。
English: It is thought that Zeami created the Noh format 'Mugen-noh,' where words, postures, songs and dances, and stories show the beauty of Yugen, so as to satisfy the tastes of his spectators.
Japanese: 世阿弥は観客である彼らの好みに合わせ、言葉、所作、歌舞、物語に幽玄美を漂わせる能の形式「夢幻能」を大成させていったと考えられる。
English: Generally speaking, the level of cultural training of the Sarugaku players was low, but Zeami had acquired some cultural training under the patronage of the Shogun and his nobles.
Japanese: 一般に猿楽者の教養は低いものだったが、世阿弥は将軍や貴族の保護を受け、教養を身に付けていた。
English: He learned Renga (linked verse) from a regent, Yoshimoto NIJO, and this subsequently influenced Noh and Zeami's Theory of Noh.
Japanese: 特に摂政二条良基には連歌を習い、これは後々世阿弥の書く能や能芸論に影響を及ぼしている。
English: Even after Yoshimitsu's death, Zeami continued to deepen Sarugakuin during Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA's reign as Shogun.
Japanese: 義満の死後、将軍が足利義持の代になっても、世阿弥はさらに猿楽を深化させていった。
English: Around this time both "Fushikaden" (The Flowering Spirit) (circa 1400) and "Shikado" were written.
Japanese: 『風姿花伝』（1400年ごろ成立か）『至花道』が著されたのもこのころである。
English: As Yoshimochi preferred Dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples) to Sarugaku, Zeami enjoyed less patronage than he received from Yoshimitsu.
Japanese: 義持は猿楽よりも田楽好みであったため、義満のころほどは恩恵を受けられなくなる。
English: However, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA gave preferential treatment to Saburo-motoshige KANZE (Onami), a cousin of Motomasa.
Japanese: しかし将軍足利義教は、元雅の従兄弟にあたる観世三郎元重（音阿弥）を重用。
English: Zeami and Motomasa, father and son, gradually lost their status and performance venues; they were barred from entering Sento-gosho (1429) and had the Gakuto title of Daigo-seiryogu revoked (1430).
Japanese: 仙洞御所への出入り禁止（1429年）、醍醐清滝宮の楽頭職罷免（1430年）など、世阿弥・元雅親子は地位と興行地盤を着実に奪われていった。
English: In 1436, he wrote "Kintosho" (The Book of Golden Island), but his whereabouts and other details of his life remain unclear.
Japanese: 1436年（永享8年）には『金島書』を著すが、その後の消息はよく分かっていない。
English: In his later days, Zeami joined the Zen temple Fugan-ji in Yamato Province. A Nocho (tax ledger) has been discovered with both his name and his wife's (Tsutomu KOSAI, "Zeami Shinko"(New thoughts on Zeami)).
Japanese: 晩年には大和国の禅寺・補巌寺に帰依していており、彼と妻の名を記した納帳が発見されている（香西精『世阿弥新考』）。
English: According to the 'Kanze Kojiro Gazo-san,' he died in 1443.
Japanese: 「観世小次郎画像賛」によれば嘉吉三年（1443年）に没したことになっている。
English: There are close to 50 plays attributable to Zeami still performed on stage today, including "Takasago," "Izutsu," and "Sanemori."
Japanese: 世阿弥の作品とされるものには『高砂』『井筒』『実盛』など50曲近くがあり、現在も能舞台で上演されている。
English: His treatises on artistic performances, such as Fushikaden, have been lauded for both their historical and literary aesthetic value.
Japanese: また、『風姿花伝』などの芸論も史料価値だけではなく、文学的価値も高いとされている。
English: In his book, "Fushikaden" (or "Kadensho"), the power to emotionally move his audience is expressed as 'Hana' (flower).
Japanese: 著書『風姿花伝』（『風姿華傳』、『花伝書』）では、観客に感動を与える力を「花」として表現している。
English: The contents of "Fushikaden" were long kept secret - 'If it is hidden, it is the Flower; if it is not hidden, it is not the Flower.'
Japanese: 「秘すれば花なり。秘せずは花なるべからず」として『風姿花伝』の内容は長らく秘伝とされてきた。
English: Yokyoku means staves and words for Noh or playbook for Noh itself (Utai-bon (chant book)).
Japanese: 謡曲とは、能における節と詞（ことば）、または能の脚本（謡本）そのものを指す。
English: Zeami wrote down his father's teachings and his own acquired views on the performing arts in order to approach his art as a michi - as a way of life, and as an ie - as a family heritage ("Fushikaden").
Japanese: 世阿弥は父の遺訓、また自ら会得した芸術論を、「道のため、家のため」（『風姿花伝』）多数書き遺した。
English: His Densho were treated as secrets and many of them are owned by the Ochi-Kanze family, who are the blood descendants of Zeami, the Kanze head family, and the Konparu family through Zeami's son-in-low, Zenchiku.
Japanese: その伝書は秘伝とされ、世阿弥の血筋を承けた越智観世家、そして観世宗家、また女婿禅竹を通じて金春家などが多く所蔵した。
English: Most of Densho, of which Ochi-Kanze reportedly owned the largest part, was transferred to the Kanze head family.
Japanese: 越智観世が最も多く有していたといわれる伝書はあらかた観世宗家に渡った。
English: Aside from this, multiple Densho were given to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had an affinity for Noh by Ochi-Kanze; Yusai HOSOKAWA and Nobutada ODA later obtained them through Ieyasu.
Japanese: またそれとは別に、越智観世から複数の伝書が能を愛好した徳川家康に献上され、家康を通じて細川幽斎や織田信忠がこれを手に入れている。
English: As only a few exceptions, together with the 14th Tayu, Kiyochika KANZE, the 15th Tayu, Motoakira KANZE, who endeavored to collect Zeami Densho, published "Shudosho" (Learning the Way) in 1772 adding annotation and distributed to a part of Za-shu; and Munetake TAYASU, Motoaki's sponsor, transcribed a part of books owned by Kanze Tayu; and in 1818, Tanehiko RYUTEI obtained "Sarugaku Dangi" (Talks about Sarugaku), which was included in Ieyasu's collection and several men of letters around his transcribed it.
Japanese: 数少ない例外として、14代大夫の観世清親とともに世阿弥伝書の収集に尽力した15代大夫の観世元章が、1772年に『習道書』に注釈を加えて出版し、座衆の一部に配布したこと、元章の後援者であった田安宗武が観世大夫が所蔵する本の一部を書写したこと、そして1818年に柳亭種彦が家康の蔵書であった『申楽談儀』を手に入れ、周囲の文人数名が写本を作ったことが挙げられる。
English: However, no Zeami's works came out in public other than those cases.
Japanese: しかしながら、これ以外に目立った形で世阿弥の著作が表に出ることはなかった。
English: In the 20th century, Togo YOSHIDA published the "Zeami Ju-Roku Bushu" (The Sixteen Treatises of Zeami) to introduce all of Zeami's Densho known at that time.
Japanese: 20世紀に入り、吉田東伍が『世阿弥十六部集』を出版し、当時知られていた世阿弥の伝書を一挙刊行した。
English: Research on Zeami has progressed and has since identified, at present, 21 kinds of Densho from Zeami.
Japanese: 以後研究が進み、現在では世阿弥の伝書として二十一種が認められている。
English: Naomasa AKAI, 1529 - April 25, 1578, was a member of the Gozoku (local ruling family) in Tanba Province in the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 赤井直正（あかいなおまさ、享禄2年（1529年）－天正6年3月9日(旧暦)（1578年4月8日））は、戦国時代(日本)の丹波国の豪族。
English: As a substantial leader of Akai clan, he wielded his power in Tanba area centering around Hikami District.
Japanese: 赤井氏の実質的な指導者として、氷上郡を中心に丹波で大きな勢力を誇った。
English: He once served Nobunaga ODA, but soon betrayed him; he conflicted with Mitsuhide AKECHI, who was sent by Nobunaga.
Japanese: 一時織田信長に従うもののまもなく背き、信長の派遣した明智光秀に対して猛烈な抵抗を繰り広げた。
English: According to Kansei Choshu Shokafu, it is said that the Akai clan is descended from the Ashida clan of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), the line of MINAMOTO no Yorisue, who was a son of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, Kawachi-Genji from Shinano Province.
Japanese: 赤井氏は清和源氏源頼季流（河内源氏・源頼信の子。発祥は信濃国）より発した芦田氏の流れということになっている（寛政重修諸家譜より）。
English: Since there is a place called Ashida in Hikami-gun, Tanba Province, the Akai clan must have been Gozoku residing in Hikami District from the beginning.
Japanese: 丹波国氷上郡内に芦田の地名があることから元から氷上郡にいた在地の土豪であろう。
English: The full-scale activities of the Akai clan began, when Kuro Tameie was given by his father, Hachiro Ienori, three districts, Hikami-gun, Amata-gun and Ikaruga-gun; while he lived in Akai in 1215.
Japanese: 九郎為家が赤井に住み、1215年に父・八郎家範から氷上、天田郡、何鹿郡の3郡を与えられたことから、赤井氏の本格的な活動が始まる。
English: Since Naomasa was the second son, he was adopted into the Ogino family, a kin to the Akai clan and based at Kuroi Castle (Kasuga-cho, Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture) and used the name of Ogino.
Japanese: 直正は次男であったことから赤井氏の同族で黒井城（兵庫県丹波市春日町(兵庫県)）に拠る荻野氏の養子に入って荻野姓を称した。
English: Later, while he was still young, he killed Iyo no kami OGINO, his father-in-law, and took Kuroi Castle (1554).
Japanese: のちにまだ青年のころ、義父で舅の荻野伊予守を殺害し、黒井城を奪う（1554年）。
English: There are various opinions on the origins of his common name, Akuemon; some say that it came from this incident, and others say that he called himself with this name.
Japanese: 通称の「悪右衛門」はこの事件からついたのだとも、自称していたものだとも諸説ある。
English: Due to his courage they were afraid of calling him 'Red ogre of Tanba' and he was ranked with the 'Blue ogre'; along with Norinari MOMII of Momii Castle in Taki-gun (Sasayama City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: また、勇猛ぶりから「丹波の赤鬼」と恐れられ、「青鬼」こと多紀郡籾井城（兵庫県篠山市）の籾井教業と並び称せられた。
English: He took the daughter of Motohide HATANO as his legal wife but lost her and, later, took the younger sister of Sakihisa KONOE, former chief adviser to the Emperor, as his legal wife.
Japanese: 正室として波多野元秀の娘を娶ったが死別し、その後、前関白近衛前久の妹の近衛氏を正室として娶る。
English: In 1557, his elder brother, Iekiyo died because of a wound from a battle with Nagayori MATSUNAGA, and Naomasa led the Akai family by acting as guardian for his young nephew, Tadaie AKAI while Naomasa himself lived in Kuroi Castle.
Japanese: 弘治(日本)3年(1557年)、兄家清が三好家の松永長頼との戦いでの傷がもとで死去したため、直正は黒井城に居住したまま幼少の甥赤井忠家を後見して赤井一族を率いた。
English: In 1565, he succeeded in attacking and overthrowing Nagayori MATSUNAGA (name of Nagayori MATSUNAGA after inheriting Naito clan), who was a desire for revenge for the death of his elder brother taking advantage of the confusion after the death of Chokei MIYOSHI.
Japanese: 1565年には三好長慶逝去後の混乱を突いて兄の仇である松永長頼（松永長頼の内藤氏の継承後の名）を攻め滅ぼすことに成功した。