nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As known from these examples, white tabi are a symbol of purity so that they are treated differently from that of other kinds of tabi.
Japanese: これらの例からもわかるように白足袋は清浄を示す象徴であり、ほかの足袋とは性格の異ったものとして扱われている。
English: According to a theory, black tabi were made for economical reason because stains do not stand out on them.
Japanese: 一説には白足袋のように汚れが目立たず経済であるところから考案されたとも言われている。
English: Incidentally, it is a myth or a quite special custom since the Meiji period that black tabi should be worn on mourning occasions.
Japanese: なお弔事に黒足袋を用いるとするのは俗説もしくは明治時代以降のきわめて特殊な慣習である。
English: With dark blue cloth used for the surface part and black cloth for the sole part, the tabi of this kind are used by the stage assistants dressed in black on stages so that the tabi (usually white) do not stand out when the kuroko moves.
Japanese: 表生地／底生地に紺や黒の生地を使用し舞台の黒子が動いたときに白い部分が目立たないようなものも有る。
English: On the other hand, the size of knitted products is set to S/M/L/2L/3L/4L, with larger allowances for these settings, to enable the flexible characteristics of knitted products to be used effectively.
Japanese: 一方、ニット製品は生地の伸縮性を生かし,S/M/L/2L/3L/4Lと各サイズ設定に幅を持たせている。
English: These tabi squeeze feet less than those made of weaved cloth, and it is one of their features that they give a feeling similar to that of socks.
Japanese: 織物を使用して作られた足袋より拘束性も小さく靴下に近い履き心地が得られるのが特徴。
English: As these knitted products show foot shapes clearly, it was strongly considered that they were not suitable for being worn with formal attire in the past.
Japanese: 以前はニット製品で有るが為,足の形が表面化し正装には向かないという考え方が強かった。
English: However, nowadays, such a view has diminished slightly and tabi of this kind are used widely.
Japanese: しかしながら、現在ではそのような考え方も若干薄れ,広く使用されるようになった。
English: Furthermore, flexible materials such as tricot are also used for ' tabi covers', the products that are worn over tabi.
Japanese: その他,足袋の上に履くたびカバーと呼ばれる製品もトリコットなど伸縮性のある素材で作られている。
English: However, corresponding to the introduction of synthetic fibers after the war, clothes with cotton and polyester blend have become to be used for making tabi, and tabi made of tricot, cloth using nylon fibers, have also appeared.
Japanese: しかし、戦後化繊の流入により綿／ポリエステル混紡生地やナイロン糸トリコット足袋などが発生してきた。
English: Concerning the size, the size of textile tabi changes every one centimeter because they are not elastic, but S/M/L/2L/3L/4L are mostly used for knitted tabi because they are elastic and each of them can be fitted for a range of foot sizes.
Japanese: 綿等の織物で作られた足袋は大きく伸縮することが難しいのでサイズ構成もセンチ単位だが,編み物等ニット製品で作られた足袋は伸縮にゆとりが有るため多くはS/M/L/2L/3L/4Lとサイズ表示される。
English: Versions of etenraku with lyrics attached thereto are called "imayo" (popular style of song in Heian period) and the most famous among them is "Kuroda-bushi" (Song of Kuroda), which is often played in wedding receptions in Japan.
Japanese: 越天楽に歌詞をつけたのが『今様』であり中で最も有名なのが『黒田節』で、日本では結婚式などで演奏されることが多い。
English: "Toyosaka no mai" as well as "Urayasu no mai" often presented to gods by miko (shrine maidens) may be regarded as modern versions of imayo Etenraku.
Japanese: 『浦安の舞』と並んで巫女が奉納する場合が多い『豊栄の舞』も、現代版越天楽今様と言って良い。
English: The orchestral version arranged by Hidemaro KONOE (in 1931) is famous and was often covered by Leopold STOKOWSKI.
Japanese: 近衛秀麿による管弦楽編曲版（1931年）も有名で、レオポルド・ストコフスキーによっても度々取り上げられた。
English: In "Theme and Variation of Etenraku in Banshikicho Mode for Piano and Orchestra" arranged by Yoritsune MATSUDAIRA (in 1951), the melody line of Etenraku was used in Banshikicho mode which is different from "Hyo-jo" (a basic mode) while attempts for fusion with dodecaphony, Twelve-tone technique and with boogie-woogie are observed.
Japanese: 松平頼則作曲の『盤渉調越天楽の主題によるピアノと管弦楽のための主題と変奏』（1951年）は平調とは異なる盤渉調の越天楽のメロディを採用しつつ十二音技法やブギウギとの融合も試みられている。
English: The piece, which was played by the conductor Herbert von KARAJAN with piano solo played by Yvonne LORIOD, has received a high evaluation internationally.
Japanese: ヘルベルト・フォン・カラヤンの指揮とイヴォンヌ・ロリオの独奏で演奏されるなど世界的に評価されている。
English: Although a piece of ballet music titled "Orchestral dance music Etenraku" is included in works composed by Akira IFUKUBE, it was produced as his own original work.
Japanese: 伊福部昭にも『交響舞楽「越天楽」』と題したオーケストラによるバレエ音楽があるが、これは創作的意図で書かれた独自の作品である。
English: The seated statue of Shaka Nyorai (Shakyamuni) (the Asuka-daibutsu), which is the honzon of Ango-in (Asuka-dera Temple), is also considered to have been made by Tori.
Japanese: 安居院（飛鳥寺）本尊の釈迦如来坐像（飛鳥大仏）も止利作とされている。
English: However, only the upper half of the head, the left ear and a part of a finger of the left hand are considered to be the original portion as it was repaired extremely in later ages.
Japanese: だが、後世の補修が甚だしく、当初の部分は頭部の上半分、左耳、左手の指の一部のみとされている。
English: The distinctions of the statues by Tori or in the Tori-Shiki are the ancient Emon (clothes), dress code system, the almond-shaped eyes and the ancient smile (the archaic smile) which were affected by the style of Buddhist Statues of Chinese Northern Wei.
Japanese: 中国北魏の仏像の様式の影響を受けた、古式の衣文や服制、杏仁形の眼、古式の微笑（アルカイックスマイル）などに止利および止利式の仏像の特色がある。
English: Busshi is a name for someone who is in charge of making Buddhist statues and so on, in Japan.
Japanese: 仏師（ぶっし）とは、日本における、仏像などの制作を担当する者に対する名称である。
English: In the Asuka period, there were kin groups which had the skills of sculpting Buddhist statues, and the head of the family was called busshi.
Japanese: 飛鳥時代においては、仏像制作技術を持った血縁集団が存在しており、その長たる者を仏師と称していた。
English: In the Nara period, a national "zobutsusho" (a workshop) where Buddhist statues for "daiji" (major temples built by Emperors), especially national temples were made, was newly built.
Japanese: 奈良時代、大寺、とりわけ官立寺院の仏像を造営する官立の造仏所（ぞうぶつしょ）が新設された。
English: Engineers, most of them were busshi since the Asuka period belonged to zobutsusho as "bukko" (sculptors of Buddhist statues and altar fittings).
Japanese: 飛鳥時代以来の仏師を中心とした技術者たちは、仏工（ぶっこう）として造仏所に属した。
English: In comparison to "eshi" (painters) who belonged to "edokoro" (a workshop for paintings) in the Imperial Court, painters who were engaged on painting Buddhist statues under the patronage by the powerful temples and shrines were called "ebusshi."
Japanese: また、宮中の絵所に属する絵師に対して、有力な寺社勢力の庇護のもと、寺社の絵像の制作に従事した絵師たちを絵仏師（えぶっし）と呼んだ。
English: In the late Heian period, talented busshi left the constrained daiji and founded their own "bussho" (workshops or schools of Buddhist sculptors).
Japanese: 平安末になると、有力な仏師たちは、大寺の制約を離れた独自の仏所を持つようになった。
English: However in the recent years, rien is sometimes employed to mean the world of Kabuki as something which does not quite reflect the public at large, or a kind of an exclusive society that serves only elites.
Japanese: ただし、近年では一般社会と多少の意識がずれた、若しくは或る種の名門的な存在の特別な社会としてあえて歌舞伎界を梨園と呼ぶことがある。
English: The origin of rien is when in 712, the first year of Emperor Xuan Zong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, the performers and musicians were gathered together in a garden with pear trees called Rien (pear orchard) at the imperial garden called Seinaien in the north-western suburb of Changan, the capital of Tang, for the purpose of practicing their arts at facilities called Ongaku kyoshu-fu (Music School).
Japanese: その由来は唐の玄宗(唐)の初年（712年）に、唐都長安西北郊の西内苑内で、芸人達がナシが植えられている梨園と称される庭園に集められ、音楽教習府と呼ばれる施設で芸を磨いたことに始まる。
English: In Onkaku kyoshu-fu, there were musicians who belonged to Taigakusho (music department) of Taijo-ji (a government office which was in charge of the rituals at the court), such as the disciples of zabugi (musicians accompanying the dance performed at the party held at the court), female dancers belonging to kyobo (training center for imperial dancers), and some of the court ladies.
Japanese: 音楽教習府には、太常寺太楽署所属の楽人で、坐部伎の楽人子弟、教坊の妓女、宮女の一部とが属した。
English: They were called the Emperor's Rien Disciples because Emperor Xuan Zong himself taught his favorite faqu (a type of Tang popular songs) directly to them.
Japanese: 玄宗の嗜好する法曲を、皇帝が直々に教えたため、皇帝梨園弟子と称された。
English: Although the court music declined severely as a result of the An Shi Rebellion, it was revived in the subsequent generation and in 838, faqu was renamed senshokyoku (仙韶曲), and rien was renamed senshoin (仙韶院).
Japanese: 安史の乱で宮廷の音楽も壊滅して衰退したが、その後再興され、838年には法曲を仙韶曲と改め、梨園を仙韶院と改めた。
English: Soboro is also prepared by stirring beaten eggs with or without seasoning agents in a skillet over high heat until hot to break up the bits of eggs into dried small clusters.
Japanese: あるいは、溶き卵などを、そのままあるいは調味して、汁気がなくなりぱらぱらになるまで炒った食品。
English: A dish prepared with pumpkin or daikon (Japanese radish) simmered with minced chicken (soboro made of chicken) is also called soboroni.
Japanese: また鶏肉のそぼろをダイコンやカボチャの煮物に用いたものはそぼろ煮と呼ばれる。
English: However, oboro that reads in oboro kombu (shredded tangle), oboro tofu (half curdled tofu that is being produced in the making of tofu), and oboro manju (a regular round manju, bun stuffed with azuki-bean paste except that its very thin covering is peeled off after it is steamed) is not the oboro in the aforesaid meanings.
Japanese: ただし、おぼろ昆布（薄く削ったコンブ）、おぼろ豆腐（固まりかけの豆腐）、おぼろ饅頭（皮を剥いた饅頭）のおぼろは、この意味のおぼろではない。
English: The Kyoto Prize is the international award given to the people who made great contribution to science, technology and culture.
Japanese: 京都賞（きょうとしょう）とは、科学や技術、文化において著しい貢献をした人々に与えられる国際賞。
English: The prizewinner is given a Kyoto Prize medal, a diploma and 50 million yen as a supplementary prize.
Japanese: 受賞者には京都賞メダルとディプロマ（証書）、副賞5000万円が贈られる。
English: Various educational events are held during the Kyoto Prize week, such as special classes by prizewinners in high schools, exchange programs with primary and junior high school students and forums for university students.
Japanese: また京都賞ウイークがあり、期間中には、受賞者による高校特別授業や小中学生との交流事業、大学生を対象にしたフォーラムなど、各種教育イベントも実施している。
English: The Kyoto Prize is managed by the Inamori Foundation which was set up by Kazuo INAMORI who is chairperson emeritus of Kyocera Corporation and former kaito (society president) of the Kyoto Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
Japanese: 京セラの名誉会長で元京都商工会議所会頭である稲盛和夫によって設立された財団法人稲盛財団によって運営される。
English: Shiyu no Utage is a public event of cheerleading clubs sponsored by K.K.D.R.UNIV. Cheerleader Union (the four private universities cheerleading league in Kansai region).
Japanese: 四雄の宴（しゆうのうたげ）とは、関西四私立大学応援団連盟による応援団リーダー公開のイベントのこと。
English: This event is held on the last day of September every year in the Great Staircase in the JR Kyoto Station Building (Muromachi Koji Square).
Japanese: 毎年、9月末日にJR京都駅ビルの大階段広場（京都駅ビル室町小路広場）で行われる。
English: With the opening of displaying flags of each university cheerleading club, the event warms up with chorus of school songs or cheerleading club's songs, and joint performances of brass band clubs or cheerleaders.
Japanese: 各大学の応援団旗が一斉に掲げられるオープニングに始まり、大学校歌・応援歌の合唱や、吹奏楽部、チアリーダー部による合同ステージなどで盛り上がる。
English: The finale comes with a medley of cheerleading club songs of universities which join in K.K.D.R.UNIV. Cheerleader Union.
Japanese: フィナーレは、関西四私立大学応援団連盟に加盟する各校の応援歌メドレーで締めくくられる。
English: More than 3,000 visitors come to this event in recent years; since it is held in Kyoto, they give enthusiastic encouragement especially to the home team such as Doshisha University or Ritsumeikan University.
Japanese: 近年では、来場者が3,000人を超し、京都で開催されるため、同志社大学、立命館大学への声援がひときわ大きい。
English: In 2005, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of K.K.D.R.UNIV. Cheerleader Union, Kyoto University Cheerleading Party and Kinki University Cheering Party, whose baseball teams join in the Kansai Big 6 Baseball League, was specially invited to this event.
Japanese: また、2005年は関西四私立大学応援団連盟発足30周年ということで特別に野球部が関西学生野球連盟に加盟している、京都大学の京都大学応援団と近畿大学の近畿大学応援部を招待した。
English: The use of taiko drums of each cheerleading club was permitted until 1999; however, so much noise of taiko drums on the stage caused such an accident that a vibration sensor was activated making the Shinkansen stop.
Japanese: 1999年度までは各応援団の団太鼓の使用を許可していたが、1999年度のステージにおいて団太鼓の大音量で、新幹線の感震器を反応させ停めるという珍事を起こした。.
English: Sesson (ca. 1504-1589) was a suiboku (ink-wash painting) painter who lived in the late Muromachi period.
Japanese: 雪村（せっそん、永正元年（1504年）？－天正17年（1589年）頃）は、室町時代後期の、水墨画家。
English: At a young age he entered Shoju-ji Temple for training; the temple was an ancestral temple of the Satake clan and held many cultural properties such as paintings, which greatly influenced Sesson's paintings.
Japanese: 幼くして正宗寺に入って修行、同寺は佐竹氏の菩提寺であり、絵画をはじめとした多くの文化財があり、雪村の絵に大きな影響を与えた。
English: It seems that in 1546 in the Aizu region, he imparted the way of appreciation of paintings to Moriuji ASHINA, and in 1550 he visited Odawara City and Kamakura City where he came into contact and communicated with artist monks.
Japanese: 天文(日本)15年（1546年）会津地方で蘆名盛氏に絵画の鑑賞法を授け、天文19年（1550年）には小田原市や鎌倉を訪れ、多くの名品に接し画僧達と交流したらしい。
English: Since his mid-sixties, he was active mainly in Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces); in his latest years he lived under the patronage of the Tamura clan and is said to have died in the present-day Miharu-machi in Fukushima Prefecture.
Japanese: 60歳半ば以降は奥州を中心に活動、最晩年は田村氏の庇護のもと現在の福島県の三春町で没したとされる。
English: Much about his life remains unclear, including the year of birth; however, records indicate that he was painting at least until he was eighty-two years old.
Japanese: その生涯には不明な点が多く、生没年もはっきりしないが、記録によれば少なくとも82歳までは絵を描いていたことがわかっている。
English: As can be expected from his name, Sesson himself was strongly conscious of Sesshu and respected Sesshu, although Sesshu's painting style did not influence Sesson.
Japanese: 名前から分かるように、雪村自身、雪舟を強く意識し尊敬していたようだが、画風に影響を受けなかった。
English: In 1974 his works were included in various collections of paintings which were organized in Tokyo National Museum; thus the value of his works according to Japanese art history became confirmed.
Japanese: 1974年に東京国立博物館で展覧会が催された、様々な画集に入ることで、日本美術史上での価値が確立した。
English: The term "Yoshoku" refers to western food served in Japan.
Japanese: 洋食（ようしょく）とは、日本国内で供される西洋風の料理を指す用語である。
English: It sometimes includes western food in China and Korea, which has been spread through Japan's influence.
Japanese: 中国や韓国にも、日本の影響から洋食の流れをくむ料理が広まっており、これらを含めて指すこともある。
English: Although there are orthodox western restaurants including French and Italian which follow recipes from their origins in Western countries, many restaurants have added their own changes in order to fit Japanese people's taste.
Japanese: フランス料理店やイタリア料理店など欧米各国のレシピに則った料理を供する形態も存在するが、欧米の料理（西洋料理）を日本人向けにしたものも多数ある。
English: For example, Yoshoku such as escalope (Nemuro City, Hokkaido Prefecture) and Turkey rice (Nagasaki Prefecture) could be said to be local to Japan.
Japanese: エスカロップ（北海道根室市）やトルコライス（長崎県）のような日本の郷土料理と言える洋食さえも存在する。
English: In this article, the term 'Yoshoku' refers to western style dishes which were developed in Japan.
Japanese: ここでは日本国内において発展を遂げた西洋風の料理を「洋食」として取り上げる。
English: Yoshoku was established in Japan during the Meiji period, and was not so older than Japanese food.
Japanese: 日本における洋食の成立時期は明治時代であり、和食と比較するとそれほど古いものではない。
English: Fried dishes called 'furai' such as fried meat, croquettes, fried prawns, and dishes such as curry and rice, hamburger, gratin, hashed rice and spaghetti Neapolitan are representative of Yoshoku.
Japanese: カツレツ、コロッケ、エビフライに代表されるフライと呼ばれる揚げ物料理やカレーライス、ハンバーグ、グラタン、ハヤシライス、ナポリタンなどが代表的なメニューである。
English: Since such dishes have a relatively short history when compared to Japanese food, there are few regional differences, and similar menus can be found all over Japan, which makes it easier for family restaurants to spread those menus throughout all of Japan.
Japanese: 和食と比較して歴史が短いことから地域差が小さく、全国的に見ても類似したメニューとなることが多いためファミリーレストランなどによる全国展開が比較的容易な分野でもある。
English: Many cooks, who learned western cuisine after the Meiji period, established 'creative cuisine' such as chicken rice and rice omelets without following the traditional western recipes, matching the tastes to Japanese consumers' preference, which can not be found in Western countries.
Japanese: 洋食の中には、明治時代以降に西洋料理を習得した料理人が、必ずしも西洋料理のレシピに則らず、日本人消費者の好みに合うよう作り上げた「創作料理」的なものも少なくないため、母体となる欧米には見られないチキンライス、オムライスのような料理も少なからず存在する。
English: Yoshoku has been popular among Japanese for a long time, and various ingredients, seasonings and sauces have been tried in order to create dishes in a semi-Western style.
Japanese: 長年にわたり日本人に深く親しまれ、素材、味付け、ソースといったさまざまな部分において和洋折衷が試みられた
English: For example, pork cutlets are served with a cup of miso soup, pickles and chopsticks as a Japanese set meal in many restaurants.
Japanese: 例えば、豚カツは味噌汁・漬物とともに箸を添えて和定食として出されることが多くなっている。
English: The sauces (seasoning), which are a character of western food, are also used in Yoshoku, but it does not use the complicated sauces used in French cuisine, and only specific ones are used.
Japanese: 西洋料理の特徴であるソース(調味料)を洋食でも用いるが、フランス料理のような複雑多様なソースの体系は持たず、よく使われるソースの種類はある程度限られている。
English: This trend influenced and established the use of Worcester sauce on fried dishes, which led to a dish named issen yoshoku, which used Worcester sauce and was later developed into okonomiyaki (savory pancake with various ingredients).
Japanese: 揚げ物にウスターソースをかけるスタイルは、この中で生み出されており、その影響でウスターソースを用いるだけで一銭洋食なる名称の食べ物も生み出され、これは後にお好み焼きへと派生していく。
English: In addition, a cooking method known as teriyaki (grilling with soy sauce and sugar), is often used for hamburger and chicken, which has spread not only in Japan but also in various countries around the world such as the United States of America.
Japanese: また、ハンバーグや鶏肉などの調理法として醤油を利用した照り焼きがしばしば用いられるが、この方法は日本のみならずアメリカ合衆国をはじめとする世界各国へと広がりを見せている。
English: The custom to serve rice on a dish instead of bread, and to eat rice and the western food as side dishes one after the other was also created.
Japanese: パンの代わりに飯を皿に盛り、料理をおかずとして交互に食べるという慣習も生まれた。
English: This is a style following the conventional Japanese eating habits, but in this case the rice is often called 'raisu' and treated as different from that served in a bowl in Japanese food.
Japanese: 従来の日本の食慣習に沿った方式ではあるが、この場合しばしば、ご飯は「ライス」と呼ばれ、茶碗に盛った和食のそれとは別のものとして扱われる。
English: At the same time, a unique table manner which involves placing rice on the back of the fork was created.
Japanese: 同時にフォーク(食器)の背にライスを載せ食べるという独特のテーブルマナーが醸成されていった。
English: Department store restaurants were major place which served Yoshoku during the high-growth period of the Showa period, and has been taken up in part by family restaurants in recent times.
Japanese: 昭和の高度成長期にはデパートの食堂も洋食を提供する代表であり、近年はファミリーレストランがその役割を一部担っている。
English: From the process of modernization, which began in the civilization and enlightenment age in the Meiji period, until after the war, Yoshoku was considered rakish and expensive for common people due to the fact that the industries which supplied food materials for Yoshoku had not been developed yet.
Japanese: 文明開化に始まる日本の近代化の過程では洋食はハイカラな存在であり、また、洋食に適した食材を供給する諸産業も成熟していなかったことから戦前・戦中の庶民にとっては高価なご馳走であった。
English: The postwar period saw Yoshoku become more popular among common people, which was partly due to the fact that they received western food from the allied forces based on a lack of food.
Japanese: 洋食が庶民の味として定着したのは戦後であり、食糧難もあって連合軍からもたらされた西洋風の食糧を食卓に受け入れざるを得ない事情もあった。
English: Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
Japanese: こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
English: Yoshoku has become popular in Japanese households and has been considered to be a part of Japanese food culture as well as Japanese food.
Japanese: こうして洋食そのものが家庭の味として定着し、いまや多くの人にとって和食と同様に日本の食文化として位置づけられるに至っている。
English: On the other hand, a large amount of imported feed is needed in order to produce livestock products which are often used for Yoshoku, which is one of the reasons for the decrease in the food self-sufficiency ratio.
Japanese: 一方で洋食で多用される畜産物を生産するためには大量の輸入飼料が必要になり、洋食の普及が食糧の自給率低下をもたらす要因のひとつにもなっている。
English: In addition, since Yoshoku tends to have a high caloric content due to its heavier usage of dairy products and oil when compared to Japanese food, some people, including the middle-aged and the elderly tend to avoid Yoshoku.
Japanese: また、和食と比較して乳製品や油などを多用することから高カロリーな料理となる傾向があるため、中高年を中心に洋食を敬遠する傾向も見られる。
English: Japanese food is gradually being favored again, due to rising health concerns, and Yoshoku is often treated lightly by the government when it comes to "dietary education."
Japanese: さらに、健康志向の高まりを背景に和食を軸にした日本型食生活へと回帰する動きも大きくなりつつあり、国が推進する「食育」においても洋食的なメニューが軽視されることが度々である。
English: Whether or not to catch upon the change occurring in eating habits will most likely to decide the fate of Yoshoku.
Japanese: 今後はこうした食生活の変化に適合していくことが洋食の将来を左右することになるであろう。
English: It was adopted as a food to sustain the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and became popular because it matched Japan's food culture which was based on rice.
Japanese: 大日本帝国海軍の糧食として採用され、米飯を主食とする日本の食文化とマッチして定着。
English: Additionally, the efforts by food manufacturers such as House Foods Corp. cannot be ignored in terms of explaining its sustained popularity.
Japanese: また、定着の要因としてハウス食品など食品メーカー各社による経営努力があることも見逃せない。
English: Stew was originally a high-class meal cooked by simmering meats for a long time, but after a period of high economic growth, an easier method involving the use of roux became popular.
Japanese: シチュー-元来、肉類を時間をかけて煮込む高級なものであったが、高度経済成長期以降、簡便なルウを用いる調理方法が普及。
English: Fried chicken in Japanese sweet and peppery vegetable sauce was originally a local food in Miyazaki Prefecture, but is now eaten all over Japan.
Japanese: チキン南蛮-もともとは宮崎県ローカルの料理だが、現在では全国的に食べられている。
English: Stuffed cabbage is sometimes used as an ingredient in oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc.), which is original in Japan.
Japanese: ロールキャベツ-日本独自の食べ方として、おでんの具になることがある。
English: Fried dishes are often treated as Japanese food such that fried prawns and oysters, mentioned below, which are often served with a cup of miso soup, pickles and chopsticks in a set meal.
Japanese: フライ(料理)-下記のエビフライ、カキフライは豚カツ同様、味噌汁に御新香、箸を添えた膳立てで出されるなど、和食のような扱いを受けることもしばしばある。
English: Fried oysters is a creative cuisine developed in Japan and is not a general method of cooking in Western countries where people usually eat raw oysters.
Japanese: カキフライ-日本で開発された創作料理であり、生食を主とする欧米では一般的な調理方法ではない。
English: Fried prawns are a standard item found in Yoshoku, which is not a general method of cooking used in Western countries, either.
Japanese: エビフライ-洋食の定番メニューであるが、これも欧米では一般的な調理方法ではない。
English: Frying is the most prevailing cooking method of prawns at present, and it should be noted that Japan became the largest importer of prawns in the world due to the spread of the fried prawns.
Japanese: 現在では最も一般的なエビの調理方法であり、またエビフライの普及により日本が世界的なエビの輸入国となったことも見逃せない。
English: Hashed rice originates from a combination of hashed beef or beef stroganoff with rice.
Japanese: ハヤシライス-ハッシュドビーフまたはビーフストロガノフとご飯との組合せが更に変化したもの。
English: Unique spaghetti in Japan such as spaghetti Neapolitan and other spaghetti dishes which include salted cod roe or fermented soybeans are popular.
Japanese: スパゲッティ-ナポリタンなどの日本独自のものや、タラコ･納豆などの特定調理法のスパゲッティがよく食べられている。
English: Beef cutlet is not generally eaten in East Japan, but popular in the Kinki region.
Japanese: 牛カツ（ビフカツ）-東日本では一般的ではないが、近畿地方ではよく食べられている。
English: Steak is a standard item in Yoshoku, and is often served as Japanese food with Japanese style sauce and chopsticks in some steak restaurants.
Japanese: ステーキ-洋食の典型的なメニューだが、専門のステーキ店ではしばしば和風のソースや箸を用いるなど和食的な要素もある。
English: Diced steak' is served at relatively low price and a standard item in family restaurants.
Japanese: 比較的安価で供されるものに「サイコロステーキ」があり、ファミリーレストランの定番メニューとなっている。
English: Hamburger spread early as a home cuisine because it uses ground meat which is cheaper than other meats.
Japanese: ハンバーグ-肉料理の中では比較的安価なひき肉を用いるため、家庭料理として早くから普及した。
English: Yari (a spear with a small head) was developed in late Kamakura period by following naginata (a long pole with a sharp curving sword), which had been the mainstream in the mid Heian period and later.
Japanese: 平安時代中期以降に主流だった薙刀の後を追うような形で鎌倉時代後期に槍が生まれた。
English: When it was first generated, it was for zohyo use (for common soldiers use); however, it gradually became common among busho (Japanese military commanders) for their own use, and the art of the spearmanship was developed.
Japanese: 発生当初は雑兵用だったが、次第に武将も使うようになり、槍術が発達した。