nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In Japan, some amateur historians speculate that, since the 'Kokushi-koku' was known as another name of Japan in Korea and China at that time, the Baekje royal family members were sent to Wakoku (Japan) and stayed there for a long time (assuming that the hostages that appeared in the Nihonshoki [Chronicles of Japan] included these Baekje royal family members), and as these royal family members brought back a Japanese habit of painting one's teeth black, Baekje people called them the Kokushi (literally, "black-teeth") family, which gradually became a widely-used name in the country.
Japanese: また、日本では、一在野の史家の論ではあるが、「黒歯国」は当時の朝鮮や中国などでは日本の異称として知られていたことから、倭国（日本）に派遣されて、長期滞在（日本書紀などに見られる百済の王族などの人質などを想定）し、それらの王族が帰国後、倭国の文化であった歯を黒く染める風習（お歯黒）を百済に持ち込んだために、百済の人々から「黒歯」氏とよばれ、それが定着したとする論もある。
English: Kanzaburo NAKAMURA, the first (1598 - June 9, 1658) was a kabuki actor in early Edo period.
Japanese: 初代中村勘三郎（しょだいなかむらかんざぶろう、慶長3年（1598年）-万治元年6月9日(旧暦)（1658年7月9日））は、江戸時代初期の歌舞伎役者。
English: He learned Okura school of "kyogen" (a farce played during a Noh cycle) with his older brother and a kyogen performer, Kanjiro NAKAMURA, and with this experience, he created the dance, "Saruwaka," his lifetime masterpiece.
Japanese: 兄の狂言師、中村勘次郎らと大蔵流狂言を学び、その経験を生かして、生涯の傑作、舞踊『猿若』を創作したという。
English: In the same year he built a theater, "Saruwaka-za Theater," later "Nakamura-za Theater" in Nakabashinanchi in the city of Edo, and he became the manager.
Japanese: 同年江戸市内の中橋南地に劇場『猿若座』のちの『中村座』を建て、彼はそこの支配人(座元）となる。
English: After that, successive Kanzaburo runs Nakamura-za Theater as a manager, and Nakamura-za Theater became the most prestigious theater in Edo.
Japanese: 以後勘三郎代々が中村座座元として経営に携わり、中村座は江戸で一番の権威ある劇場となる。
English: Before long, "Saruwaka mai" (saruwaka dance) gained a popularity in the city of Edo, and in 1633, Kanzaburo sang "Kiyari ondo" (lumber carrier's chants) at the fore of the pleasure boat for the government, "Atake maru" while its cruise, and he was bestowed "Jinbaori" (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor) from the Shogun family.
Japanese: やがて『猿若舞』が江戸中の人気を集め、1633年（寛永9年）、勘三郎は幕府の御用船『安宅丸』回航の際に船先で『木遣り音頭』を唄い、将軍家より陣羽織を拝領する。
English: Later on, he was often invited to the residence of the Shogun family to dance "Saruwaka mai" and gained a reputation, while he was bothered by the loss of "Nakamura-za Theater" by fire and by the regulations by the magistrate's office.
Japanese: その後しばしば将軍家に招かれ『猿若舞』を躍り名声を獲る一方、『中村座』の焼失や奉行所からの取り締まりにも悩まされる。
English: In 1657, he lost Nakamura-za Theater by the Great Fire of Meireki, and in May he left Edo and moved to his hometown, Kyoto for a while.
Japanese: 1657年（明暦3年）の明暦の大火では中村座を失い、5月江戸を離れて一時故郷の京に上がる。
English: In Kyoto he performed "Saruwaka mai" and "Shinpochidaiko" with his biological son, Kanjiro NAKAMURA (later Kanzaburo NAKAMURA, the second) in the presence of Emperor Gosai.
Japanese: 京では後西天皇の御前で『猿若舞』『新発智太鼓』を実子の中村勘治郎（のち中村勘三郎(2代目)）とともに上演。
English: As rewards he received a velvet "haori" (a Japanese half-coat) with a crest of three oak leaves, and Kanjiro received a name "Akashi NAKAMURA" respectively.
Japanese: 褒美にビロード地に丸に三つ柏紋の羽織、勘治郎には『中村明石』の名をそれぞれ賜る。
English: He was one of the most important kabuki actors after IZUMO no Okuni, a founder of Nakamura-za Theater, and also a progenitor of kabuki actors named NAKAMURA.
Japanese: 出雲阿国以後に現れた重要な歌舞伎役者の一人、中村座開祖で、中村姓の歌舞伎役者の始祖でもある。
English: There's another theory about his birth, saying that he was the same person as Kanzaburo, a grandson of Ukon NAKAMURA who was the youngest brother of Kazuuji NAKAMURA, but it is uncertain.
Japanese: また、出自の異説として中村一氏の末弟・中村右近の孫の勘三郎と同一人物であるという説もあるが、定かでは無い。
English: Yuko HATAKEYAMA (December, 1865 - May 20, 1891) was a woman who committed suicide during the period the relationship between Japan and Russia became tense, leaving a suicide note to apologize to the crown prince of Russia who had been attacked by a Japanese in the Otsu Incident of 1891.
Japanese: 畠山勇子（はたけやまゆうこ、慶応元年（1865年）12月-明治24年（1891年）5月20日）は、1891年の大津事件で日露関係が緊張した際、被害者のロシア皇太子に謝罪の遺書を残して自殺した女性である。
English: She was born as the oldest daughter of Jihei HATAKEYAMA in Yokosuka, Kamogawa-cho, Nagasa County, Awa Province (present Kamogawa City, Chiba Prefecture) in 1865.
Japanese: 1865年、安房国長狭郡鴨川町横渚（現・千葉県鴨川市）に畠山治平の長女として生まれる。
English: The Hatakeyama family had been farmer of Kamogawa and once very rich, however, at the Meiji Restoration they invested a lot of money, and later became very poor.
Japanese: 畠山家は鴨川の農家で、かつては資産家であったが、明治維新のおりに私財を投じたため、生活は貧困であったという。
English: She lost her father at the age of 5, and married a commoner in the neighboring Chitose Village (present Minamiboso City) at the age of 17, however she did not get along and divorced at the age of 23.
Japanese: 5歳で父を失い、17歳で隣の千歳村（現南房総市）の平民に嫁いだが、うまくいかず23歳で離婚。
English: After moving to Tokyo, she worked as maid at residences of the peerage and at a residence of a banker in Yokohama, and by the introduction of her uncle, she began to serve a fish wholesaler as a live-in hariko (woman doing needlework) in Muromachi, Nihonbashi Ward (present Chuo Ward, Tokyo).
Japanese: 東京に出て華族の邸宅や横浜の銀行家宅の女中として働いた後、伯父の世話で日本橋区（現・中央区(東京都)）室町の魚問屋にお針子として住み込みで奉公する。
English: Since she had interests in politics and history under the influence of her father and uncle, she read newspapers containing political elements enthusiastically so that a storekeeper and her peers considered her a freak.
Japanese: 父や伯父の影響で、政治や歴史に興味を持ち、政治色の強い新聞などを熱心に読み、店の主人や同輩たちから変人とみなされていた。
English: As soon as the Otsu Incident happened, she deplored and fussed that a national emergency had occurred, however, the close people ignored her fuss thinking 'there she goes again.'
Japanese: 大津事件が起こるや、国家の有事としきりに嘆いたが、周囲は「またいつもの癖が始まった」と相手にもしなかったという。
English: On May 11, the crown prince of the Russian Empire (the Tsar's son, Tsarevich Nicholas) who would become Nicholai II (Tsarevich Nicholas II) was wounded seriously in the attack by a thug (Otsu Incident) during his visit to Japan, and people seethed in all over Japan.
Japanese: 5月11日来日中のロシア帝国のニコライ2世が暴漢に襲われて重傷を負う事件が発生（大津事件）、日本中が騒然となった。
English: In such a situation, Russia decided and ordered that the crown prince of Russia should return to Russia from Kobe Port in a hurry.
Japanese: そうした中、ロシア皇太子が本国からの命令で急遽神戸港から帰国の途につくことになった。
English: Hearing that, Yuko left the fish wholesaler with an excuse that she would return to her hometown, and rushed to the residence of her uncle Rokubei ENOMOTO in Shitaya.
Japanese: それを知った勇子は、帰郷するからと奉公先の魚問屋を辞め、下谷の伯父の榎本六兵衛宅に押しかけた。
English: Enomoto was a trader and a weapon dealer from whom feudal lord families including Shimazu, Mori, Yamauchi, Maeda and Hachisuga had purchased guns secretly from the shogunate, and after the Meiji Restoration, he made a fortune by export of raw silk thread.
Japanese: 榎本は貿易商で、島津・毛利・山内・前田・蜂須賀ら大名家が幕府に内緒で銃を買い入れていた武器商人で、維新後は生糸の輸出で財をなしていた。
English: Since Yuko thought her uncle would understand her thoughts, she asked him to do something, explaining 'if the crown prince returns like that, our Emperor who went all the way to Kyoto to apologize would lose face.'
Japanese: 勇子は伯父ならば自分の気持ちを理解してくれるだろうと考え、「このまま帰られたのでは、わざわざ京都まで行って謝罪した天皇陛下の面目が立たない」と口説いた。
English: Although her uncle remonstrated with her explaining that there was no help for a mere common woman to concern about the nation's serious matters, the obsessed Yuko left for Kyoto by a train.
Japanese: 伯父は一介の平民女性が国家の大事を案じてもどうなるものでもあるまいと諫めたが、思い詰めた勇子は汽車で京都へ旅立った。
English: In Kyoto, after visiting a lot of temples by a rickshaw, Yuko presented petitions on which front were written 'Mr. Official of Russia,' 'Messrs. Japanese Government' and 'Messrs. Government' to Kyoto prefectural office after seven p.m. on May 20.
Japanese: 勇子は京都で様々な寺を人力車で回った後、5月20日の午後7時過ぎ、「露国御官吏様」「日本政府様」「政府御中様」と書かれた嘆願書を京都府庁に投じた。
English: In front of the prefectural office, she tied her legs together with a towel to avoid appearing ugly after the suicide, and committed suicide by cutting her throat and chest deeply with a razor.
Japanese: 府庁前で死後見苦しからぬようにと両足を手拭で括って、剃刀で咽喉と胸部を深く切って自殺を謀った。
English: Since she could not die soon, she was taken to hospital to receive treatment; however, she died of a loss of blood with a deep cut.
Japanese: しかしすぐには死ぬことができず、すぐに病院に運ばれて治療が施されたが、傷の深さゆえ出血多量で絶命した。
English: In those years Japan was a lesser country of the Far East, so she thought that Japan might be destroyed if one of powers Russia declared war on the pretext of this incident.
Japanese: 当時の日本はまだ極東の弱小国であり、この事件を口実に大国ロシアに宣戦布告でもされたら国家滅亡さえ危ぶまれる、彼女はそう判断したのである。
English: She had mailed her suicide notes to her uncle, mother and younger brother separately from the petitions, and the number of her letters brought the total to ten.
Japanese: 伯父や母、弟にあてた遺書は別に郵便で投函しており、総計10通を遺していた。
English: The news about her brave death was spread among people by some nationalists praising her as 'the chaste and strong-minded woman Yuko' and a grand memorial service for her was held.
Japanese: その壮絶な死は「烈女勇子」と国家主義者が喧伝して世間に広まり、盛大な追悼式が行われた。
English: Lafcadio Hearn (Yakumo KOIZUMI) and a Portuguese consul, Wenceslau José de Sousa de Moraes visited her grave.
Japanese: 彼女の墓にはラフカディオ・ハーン（小泉八雲）やポルトガル領事・ヴェンセスラウ・デ・モラエスも訪れている。
English: Also Moraes introduced her to the magazine "Serões" in Lisbon.
Japanese: モラエスはまた、リスボンの雑誌『セロエーズ』Serõesに彼女を紹介している。
English: Some people say that the Russian side took a generous attitude (they did not carry out armed reprisals nor demand reparation) because her death had captured the international society's sympathy through her suicide note to the crown prince Nicholaii and sensational reports by newspapers.
Japanese: 彼女の死は、ニコライ皇太子に宛てた遺書やセンセーショナルな新聞の報道などによって国際社会の同情をかい、ロシア側の寛容な態度（武力報復・賠償請求ともになし）につながったとの評価もある。
English: Hisasuke TAKATSUKASA (1726 to April 19, 1733) was a kuge (court noble) in Edo period.
Japanese: 鷹司尚輔（たかつかさひさすけ、享保11年（1726年）－享保18年3月6日(旧暦)（1733年4月19日））は、江戸時代の公家。
English: Shohaku NIWA (1691 - May 12, 1756) was a notable scholar of herbalism in mid Edo period.
Japanese: 丹羽正伯（にわしょうはく、元禄4年（1691年）-宝暦6年4月14日(旧暦)（1756年5月12日））は、江戸中期を代表する本草学者である。
English: He was ordered to undertake Saiyaku (to gather medicinal herbs in the fields and mountain) research in various regions with Genjo NORO and Masakatsu UEMURA, as well as to manage Shimousa Yakuen (medicinal-herb garden) and cultivate herbs there.
Japanese: 野呂元丈・植村政勝らと各地の採薬調査を行う傍ら、下総薬園の管理、薬草の栽培を命じられた。
English: The name of the place (present Yakuendai, Funabashi City, Chiba Prefecture) in which Shimousa Takidaino Yakuen (medicinal-herb garden) managed by Shohaku was located is derived from the garden.
Japanese: なお、正伯が管理をしていた下総滝台野薬園(現・千葉県船橋市薬円台)がその後、同地の地名の由来となった。
English: In the region, the place 'Yakuendai' is also called by another name 'Shohaku Shinden' in honor of Shohaku's great achievement, and the name appears in some old maps.
Japanese: また、彼の功績を称え、「薬園台」を地域では別名「正伯新田」という呼称もあり、古地図にも記されている。
English: Notable books written by Shohaku include 'Shobutsuruisan', a book of herbalism he took over from Jakusui, and 'Shokoku sanbutsucho', a book describing results of his exhaustive researches on various plants, animals and minerals from all over Japan.
Japanese: 主な著書は、若水から引き継いだ本草学書「庶物類纂」や全国の動植物、鉱物等産物を網羅的に調査した「諸国産物帳」などがある。
English: Later, people in Yakuendai-mura village founded a monument for honoring his achievements, and inscribed on the front of the monument is "Taitsu-in Nichiryo" (Shohaku's posthumous Buddhist name).
Japanese: 後に薬園台村の人びとにより、顕彰の供養碑が建てられ、その正面には諦通院日慮と刻まれている。
English: Koan WATANABE (1582 - 1711) was a former vassal of Tadanaga TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 渡辺幸庵（わたなべこうあん、天正10年（1582年）－宝永8年（1711年））は、元徳川忠長家臣。
English: Later, he served as a guard of the Fushimi-jo Castle in 1613, a guard of the Sunpu-jo Castle in 1618, and a guard of the Nijo-jo Castle in 1625.
Japanese: その後、慶長18年（1613年）に伏見城番、元和5年（1618年）駿府城番、寛永2年（1625年）二条城番に当たる。
English: During the reign of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, he was chosen as fuyaku (a warrior who educates the Lord's son to become a great leader) of Tadanaga, but after Tadanaga's lands were forfeited and Tadanaga himself was ordered to commit suicide by disembowelment, he underwent hardship of being a ronin (a masterless samurai).
Japanese: 徳川秀忠の代に、忠長の傅役に選ばれるも、忠長が領地没収の上切腹させられた後は浪人の憂き目に遭う。
English: In later years, he stayed with Tsunanori MAEDA and ordered a feudal retainer of the Kaga domain to organize the experiences of his journey into a book called "Conversation with Koan WATANABE".
Japanese: 後年、前田綱紀の元へ身を寄せると旅の経験を加賀藩士に『渡辺幸庵対話』という本にまとめさせる。
English: The book also describes about Munenori YAGYU and Musashi MIYAMOTO (the latter is written as Musashi TAKEMURA, who was confused with Yoemon TAKEMURA, a high-caliber disciple) and evaluates Musashi's ability as being higher than that of 'Tajima even in nine-stone handicap Igo (board game of capturing territory) matches'.
Japanese: 本の中では柳生宗矩と宮本武蔵（本の中では竹村武蔵と書かれており、高弟の竹村与右衛門と混同している）にふれる記述もあり、「但馬にくらぶれば、碁にていえば井目（せいもく）も武蔵強し」と武蔵の方が実力は上だと評している。
English: The age of 130 is not realistic, and a theory exists that he is fictitious from the beginning.
Japanese: 現実的に130歳という年齢は考えられず、そもそも架空の人物だとする説も存在する。
English: Ryotaro SHIBA created a short story called 'The true story of Musashi MIYAMOTO' based on the description of "Conversation with Koan WATANABE".
Japanese: 司馬遼太郎が『渡辺幸庵対話』の記述を元に、「真説宮本武蔵」という短編を創作している。
English: Sanemichi ICHIJO (September 1, 1788 to June 22, 1805) was a Kugyo (high court noble) in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 一条実通（いちじょうさねみち、天明8年8月2日(旧暦)（1788年9月1日）－文化_(元号)2年5月25日(旧暦)（1805年6月22日））は、江戸時代後期の公卿。
English: He reached the manhood and was promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakone gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) in 1801, to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakone gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) in the same year, and further to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) in the next year.
Japanese: 享和元年（1801年）に元服して、従五位下左近衛権少将に任ぜられ、その年の内に従四位下左近衛権中将に、更に翌年には正四位下へと昇進する。
English: On April 10, 1803, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and became a Kugyo (high court noble).
Japanese: 享和3年2月19日(旧暦)（1803年4月10日）、従三位に昇進して公卿に列する。
English: Mutsugi SENGOKU (July 22, 1857 - October 30, 1931) was a Japanese railway bureaucrat, businessman and statesman.
Japanese: 仙石貢（せんごくみつぎ、安政4年6月2日（1857年7月22日）-昭和6年（1931年）10月30日）は、日本の鉄道官僚、実業家、政治家。
English: Although he was called 'Kaminari Daijin' (literally, thunder minister) and kept being highly eccentric through his life, he produced great achievements as railway technician and manager.
Japanese: 「雷大臣」などといわれ、一生奇行で通した人物であるが、鉄道技術者、経営者として果たした功績は大きい。
English: In 1884, he worked at Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and took charge of constructions of Nippon Railway and Kobu Railway.
Japanese: 明治17年（1884年）工部省鉄道局勤務、日本鉄道、甲武鉄道工事を担当。
English: On January 30, 1926, he became the minister of Railway in the first Wakatsuki Cabinet (resigned before the expiration on June 3).
Japanese: 大正15年（1926年）1月30日第1次若槻内閣で鉄道大臣（6月3日途中辞任）。
English: There remains an episode he attended the graduation ceremony of Tokyo Imperial University wearing washed-out yukata.
Japanese: 東京帝国大学の卒業式に洗いざらしの浴衣で出席した、というエピソードがある。
English: Of course, he received complaints from the people concerned, however he did not change it, insisting 'I have no other clothe even though looking for in heaven or in earth.'
Japanese: 当然関係方面から苦情が来たが、「天にも地にも此れ1枚しかない」と言って押し通した。
English: During taking charge of the building of Kobu Railway, he was troubled about laying a railroad between Nakano and Tachikawa.
Japanese: 甲武鉄道の工事担当者であった時期、中野～立川間の線路敷設で悩んでいた。
English: Although he initially planned to lay the railroads along the Ome-kaido Road and along the Kosyu-kaido Road, residents had been developping a strong movement against building a railway at that time.
Japanese: 青梅街道や甲州街道沿いに敷設したかったが、当時鉄道敷設には強烈な反対運動が起こっていた。
English: After much being troubled about it, he flew into a rage finally and drew a red straight line on a map with a cry of resolve.
Japanese: 悩みに悩んでついに怒り心頭に発し、地図上に「えい、やっ」と、一直線の赤線を引いた。
English: It is said that became the present straight railroad of about 25 kilometers connecting Nakano Station (Tokyo Prefecture) and Tachikawa Station.
Japanese: これが、現在の中野駅(東京都)から立川駅に至る約25kmの直線であるという。
English: There remains another story about that, according to it, 'a surveyor, who had been requested many things on selecting the route, got angry and throw a ruler on the map, then they decided the route as the ruler had fallen'; however it is considered that both stories are only legends.
Japanese: なお、この話については「測量技師がルート選定にいろいろ注文を付けられて腹を立て、放り投げた定規が地図の上に落ちたところに決めた」という異説もあり、いずれも伝説の域を出ないと思われる。
English: After he woke up at five in the morning and had breakfast in the bed, he put on his shoes on zashiki (a Japanese style guest room with tatami flooring) and left for the field without washing his face.
Japanese: 朝は5時に起きて床の中での朝食後、洗顔もせずに靴を座敷ではいて現場に行った。
English: He worked hard as for lunch he wrenched some vegetables off from neighboring fields, and walked around all day and pressed the masters, and made workmen work until the rise of the moon.
Japanese: 昼食は付近の畑から野菜をもぎとり、一日中歩きまわって親方達を督促し、月が出るまでは工事をやめさせないという仕事ぶりを発揮した。
English: It is said that his behavior was beyond eccentric, since even without permission he drilled into walls of houses, saying they obstructed the measurements for the laying.
Japanese: 測量などでは邪魔になる家屋があると無断で壁に穴をぶちあけるという奇行ぶりであったという。
English: However, it was a good work which showed that he was the first bachelor of engineering who built a railroad, and people praised him saying that his railroads were more practical than the past railroads.
Japanese: しかし、工学士としてはじめて鉄道をつくっただけあり、それまでの線路より合理的に作られていると評判になった。
English: During the examination of the route of the railroad over Usui-toge Pass, there were various proposed ideas including steep line going through the spot from 25‰ to 100‰, loop line, switchback, and cable car.
Japanese: 碓氷峠を越える鉄道建設ルートの検討では、25‰から100‰にも達する急勾配線、ループ線、スイッチバック、ケーブルカーなどが候補に挙がっていた。
English: However the director of the Railway Bureau, Masaru INOUE knew that a railway going up a 60 ‰ grade by rack-style railway (toothprint-style railway) had been completed in Germany in 1885 from a report by Sengoku and Sanjiro YOSHIKAWA who had been studying in Germany at that time, therefore he decided to construct Abt-system railway between Yokogawa Station (Gunma Prefecture) and Karuizawa Station.
Japanese: しかし鉄道局長官井上勝は、当時ドイツに留学中の仙石と吉川三次郎からの報告により、明治18年（1885年）ドイツで60‰の勾配をラック式鉄道（歯型レール）で登る鉄道が完成したことを知り、横川駅(群馬県)～軽井沢駅間をアプト式鉄道で建設することを決定した。
English: The construction started in 1891 and the railway was opened in 1893.
Japanese: 明治24年（1891年）に着工し、明治26年（1893年）に開通している。
English: After he assumed the president of Chikuho Railway in 1896, he forwarded consolidation of companies to streamline the railway management in Kyushu region.
Japanese: 明治29年に筑豊鉄道社長に就任したのち、九州内の鉄道経営の合理化を図って会社合併を進めた。
English: Although immeiately before the resignation he ordered Brill Passenger Car for Kyushu Railway Brill from J. G. Brill and Company in the United States, however it had never used satisfactorily since it had arrived in Japan after Kyushu Railway was nationalized by Railway Nationalization Act.
Japanese: 末期には、九州鉄道ブリル客車をアメリカのブリル社に発注したりもしているが、日本に到着したのは同社の鉄道国有法後で、満足に活用されることはなかった。
English: By the way, although he sometimes used Sanyo Railway when he was the president of Kyushu Railway, he left critical comments on its speed.
Japanese: なお、この九州鉄道の社長時代にしばしば山陽鉄道を利用したが、そのスピード運行ぶりには批判的な感想を残している。
English: Sengoku was an advocate for the broad-gauge railway and made a lot of proposals when he was the president of Railway Bureau.
Japanese: 仙石は鉄道広軌化論者であり、鉄道院総裁時にはいろいろな献策をしている。
English: Keihin-Tohoku Line between Tokyo Station and Takashimacho temporary Station (later the second Yokohama Station) started operating to meet the schedule for the opening of Tokyo Station in 1914.
Japanese: 1914年（大正3年）の東京駅開業に合わせ、東京駅～高島町仮駅（後の二代目横浜駅）の間で京浜東北線電車の運転を開始した。
English: However, from the first day of the operation, troubles occurred and the trains were stuck because the track had not hardened enough and the pantographs made in America did not work rightly.
Japanese: しかし、軌道が固まっていなかったことや米国製パンタグラフの不調もあって、運行開始当日から電車が立ち往生するトラブルが発生。
English: Since they could not solve the troubles for a while, at last they published an apology in a newspaper under the name of Sengoku, the president of Railway Bureau.
Japanese: その後も収束しなかったことから、鉄道院総裁である仙石の名前で新聞に謝罪広告が掲載されるに至った。
English: Tametsune REIZEI (October 31, 1654 to November 12, 1722) was a kuge (court noble) in Edo period.
Japanese: 冷泉為経（れいぜいためつね、承応3年9月21日(旧暦)（1654年10月31日）-享保6年10月4日(旧暦)（1722年11月12日））は、江戸時代の公家。
English: In 1654, he was born as the second or third son of Yorinari HAMURO, and was adopted by Tamemoto REIZEI of the Shimo-Reizei family.
Japanese: 承応3年（1654年）葉室頼業の次男あるいは三男として生まれ、下冷泉家の冷泉為元の養子となる。
English: Tatsunosuke ICHIMURA (1846 - March 15, 1872) was a member of "Shinsengumi" (a group which guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 市村辰之助（いちむらたつのすけ、弘化3年（1846年）-明治5年2月7日(旧暦)（1872年3月15日））は、新撰組隊士。
English: He was born in 1846, as a second son of a feudal retainer of Ogaki Domain, Hanemon ICHIMURA.
Japanese: 弘化3年（1846年）、大垣藩士、市村半右衛門の二男として生まれる。
English: In 1858, he lived as a "ronin" (masterless samurai) due to his father's forfeit of his "hanseki" (registration for the domain), and in 1867 when the group recruited its members, he joined the group with his younger brother, Tetsunosuke.
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、父の藩籍剥奪により、浪人生活を送り、慶応3年（1867年）の隊士募集の時に弟鉄之助を従え入隊。
English: In March 1868, he escaped from Shinsengumi after swarming around Goheishinden district (present Ayase, Adachi Ward, Tokyo).
Japanese: 慶応4年（1868年）3月、五兵衛新田（現在の東京都足立区綾瀬(足立区)）屯集を最後に新撰組を脱走。
English: Yasutomo KOREMUNE (another names: Yasutomo TONAI/Yasutomo KAGOSHIMA) was a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) in the Kamakura Period in Japan.
Japanese: 惟宗康友（これむねやすとも、別名藤内康友・鹿児島康友）は、日本の鎌倉時代の御家人。
English: He served as Tonai udoneri (ministerial equerry appointed by the Fujiwara clan), an official at Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses), daibu (master) of Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks) of 大夫日本 and Gunji (local magistrate) for Kagoshima doubling as Benzaishi (official collecting kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and somai (rice)).
Japanese: 藤内内舎人・馬寮・大夫日本における大夫四等官・鹿児島郡司并弁済使職。
English: Also he referred himself as the Kagoshima clan, and was a gokenin of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and filled posts of Kinri (the Imperial Palace) Shuin in Nitta-jinja Shrine in Satsuma Province (Satsumasendai City) as well as Inju (the chief of a temple) in Godai-in temple in Bunji era.
Japanese: 文治年間の頃に於いて禁裏薩摩国新田神社(薩摩川内市)執印職并五大院院主職・鎌倉幕府御家人で、鹿児島氏を称する。
English: Also, relationship between the Koremune clan and Sekkan-ke (families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) must also be considered from the facts that Kagoshima was in Shimazu-no-sho estate (a private estate of the Konoe family that was a Sekkan-ke) and that Yasutomo was Tonai udoneri appointed by the Fujiwara clan.
Japanese: また鹿児島は島津荘(摂関家であった近衛家領荘園)内で、また康友は藤内内舎人である事から、摂関家との関係も考慮する必要があると思われる。
English: In December 1203, in respect of arguments over the posts of Gunji and Benzaishi for Kagoshima of yosegori (lands donated to the lord) in Shimazu-no-sho estate (manor), the Kamakura bakufu ordered shugosho (provincial administrative office) to make a decision based on the principle of hereditary succession.
Japanese: 建仁3年12月、島津荘寄郡鹿児島郡司弁済使職の意見に対し、鎌倉幕府から相伝の道理に基づき守護所に裁決された。
English: The Family name Koremune implies that the Koremune clan descended from the Hata clan and in respect of the members of the clan whose names included a kanji letter "忠" (meaning "faith") as tsuji (distinctive character used in the names of all people belonging to a single clan or lineage), there are two explanations, one is that they were from families branched out from Emperor Shomu and the other is that they were from families branched out from Emperor Daigo.
Japanese: 惟宗姓である事から秦氏の後裔であり、忠を通字とする惟宗氏に皇別の聖武天皇説・醍醐天皇説の二流がある。
English: The Shuin clan and the Kokubun clan (Satsuma Province), who were descendants of Yasutomo, are thought to be descendants of Emperor Daigo, from whom Imperial Prince Yasuakira, Prince Yoshiyori and Gusen KOREMUNE descended in this order.
Japanese: 康友の子孫の執印氏や国分氏(薩摩国)は醍醐天皇後裔説の、醍醐天皇―保明親王―慶頼王―惟宗具瞻としている。