nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: While some of the members were council members of the party, it included among it's members of the Dai Nihon Kyokai were lawmakers of the House of the Representatives, many of whom also belonged to other political parties that maintained cooperative relations with Dai Nihon Kyokai, including the Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association [Japan]), The Policy Affairs Research Council (a political party in the Meiji period), and the Domei Club (League Club).
Japanese: 同会専属の衆議院議員も存在したものの、協力関係にあった東洋自由党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)・同盟倶楽部などと掛け持ちであった議員が多かった。
English: The Dai Nihon Kyokai condemned the Meiji government's diplomacy as weak-kneed, and under the slogans of "the rigorous enforcement of the treaties," "an autonomous foreign policy," and "a hard-line stance against Qing," it primarily advocated the refusal of all treaty revisions except for the conclusion of treaties on equal terms and opposition to mixed residence of foreigners and Japanese in Japan.
Japanese: 明治政府の外交を柔弱と非難して、「条約励行・自主外交・対清強硬」を掲げて対等条約締結以外の一切の条約改正の拒否、内地雑居反対論などを掲げた。
English: Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.
Japanese: だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
English: The Dai Nihon Kyokai called for cooperation from the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party) to build a coalition (taigaiko roppa [six parties advocating a hard-line foreign policy: the Dai Nihon Kyokai, the Toyo Jiyuto, the Kokumin Kyokai, the Policy Affairs Research Council, the Domei Kurabu and the Rikken Kaishinto]) against the government, the Jiyuto (Liberal Party [Japan: 1890-1898]), which was strengthening its partnerships with the government.
Japanese: 大日本協会は立憲改進党にも協力を呼びかけて、政府及びこれと連携を強めつつあった自由党_(日本)自由党(日本1890-1898)に対する包囲網（対外硬六派）を形成した。
English: In December, the Toyo Jiyto dissolved, and some of its members, including Kentaro OI, formally joined the Dai Nihon Kyokai.
Japanese: 12月には東洋自由党が解党して大井らが正式に大日本協会に属することになった。
English: However, some radical members of the society attacked foreigners in Japan, causing the government to crack down on the society as the signing of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation drew near.
Japanese: ところが、協会内の一部過激派が外国人襲撃事件を起こしたために、日英通商航海条約締結を目前とした政府の態度は硬化する。
English: On December 29 of the same year, when the House of Representatives was dissolved in opposition of the proposal to rigorously enforce the treaties, the Dai Nihon Kyokai was suddenly designated as a political organization to which the Assembly and Political Association laws applied, and on the same day it was ordered to disband with the attacks on foreigners cited as the reason for the order.
Japanese: 条約励行建議案に対抗するために衆議院解散が行われた同年12月29日、突如集会及政社法の対象となる政治団体の指定を受け、その日のうちに大日本協会は度重なる外国人襲撃事件を理由として解散を命じられることになった。
English: Sen-ryo-bako was a box exclusively used to store a large amount of koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) during the Edo period.
Japanese: 千両箱（せんりょうばこ）とは、江戸時代の日本において大量の小判を貯蔵することを目的とした箱。
English: As the name indicates, it was a box to store 1000 ryo, and a sen-ryo-bako was just enough to hold 40 koban or 40 wrapped lumps of ichi-bu-kin (a kind of gold coin) (equivalent to 25 ryo).
Japanese: その名の通り千両の貨幣を収納することを目的とした箱で、小判あるいは一分金の包塊（25両）が40個分収納可能であった。
English: From around 1854, other types of sen-ryo-bako such as those exclusively used for ni-bu-kin (a kind of gold coin) or those possible to store oban (former Japanese biggest oval gold coin) were also began to be used.
Japanese: 1854年頃からは二分金用の千両箱や大判が収納可能なタイプも使用されるようになっている。
English: Many of these boxes were made of Japanese cypresses or oak, and the corners were reinforced with iron plates.
Japanese: 用材としてはヒノキやカシの木が用いられ、角を鉄板などで補強しているものが多く見られる。
English: Although there were various sizes of boxes, the most ordinary type to store 1000 ryo was 40 cm long, 14.5 cm wide, and 12.3 cm deep.
Japanese: 大きさも様々であるが、千両が収納できる一般的なタイプの箱の大きさは縦40cm、横14.5cm、深さ12.3cm。
English: We often see a scene in TV drama in which a thief like 'Nezumi kozo' (a Japanese thief and folk hero during the Edo period) are jumping over from one roof to another with a sen-ryo-bako under his arm, however, because a box full of koban of 1000 ryo often weights more than 15 kg, it is difficult to run and jump to escape with it under his arm.
Japanese: テレビドラマなどで鼠小僧のような窃盗が逃亡する際に千両箱を脇に抱えながら屋根上を飛び移るシーンがあるが、実際に1000両分の小判の入った千両箱の重さは15キログラム以上になることもあるため、脇に抱えて走ったり飛んだりしながら逃亡するのは困難である。
English: Incidentally, there are hands-on spots where one can actually experience to lift a sen-ryo-bako with the equivalent weight of the real one at the Edo Tokyo Museum in Sumida Ward, Tokyo and the Mint Museum in Kita Ward, Osaka City.
Japanese: なお、東京都墨田区にある東京都江戸東京博物館や大阪市北区(大阪市)にある造幣博物館には、実物と同じ重さの千両箱を実際に持ち上げることができる体験コーナーがある。
English: Even now, boxes to store gold bullions (ingot) or bullion bars are sold at noble metal trading companies as "sen-ryo-bako" (sometimes such boxes are offered to purchasers as free gifts).
Japanese: 現代においても、金の地金（インゴット）や地金型金貨を貯蔵する箱が「千両箱」として貴金属商社などから販売されている（購入者に無料で贈り物することもある）。
English: Such boxes are the imitation of sen-ryo-bako in the Edo period, and they can store valuable goods from millions to tens of millions of yen (currency).
Japanese: 江戸時代の千両箱を模しており、円(通貨)に換算して数百万円〜数千万円の価値があるものを貯蔵することができる。
English: Furthermore, some pachinko parlors also prepare wooden boxes printed "sen-ryo-bako" on them, and those boxes are used to store pachinko balls or coins (medals) which players earned.
Japanese: またパチンコ店においても、遊技客が獲得したパチンコ玉やコイン（メダル）を収納する目的で作られた「千両箱」と印刷されている木製の箱がある。
English: Balls or coins are stored directly in the sen-ryo-bako or a box full of balls is stored (to prevent balls from spilling out of the box when they are transferred to another box).
Japanese: 中には玉やコインを直接収納するか、玉箱を丸ごと収納する（移し替えるときの玉こぼれを防ぐため）。
English: Because the box is not intended to be used for storage but to appeal the amount of balls to other customers, it has no cover and its inside can be seen directly.
Japanese: これは貯蔵を目的としたものではなく大量の出玉を来店客にアピールすることを目的としているため、蓋がなく中身が直接見えるようになっている。
English: The Dong Du Movement (Toyu Undo or Donzu Undo in Japanese: Phong trào Đông Du in Vietnamese) was an independence movement that started in Vietnam at the end of the 19th century.
Japanese: 東遊運動（とうゆううんどう、トンズーうんどう、ベトナム語：PhongtràoĐôngDu／風潮東遊）は、19世紀末からベトナムで発生した民族独立運動。
English: Since 1883, Vietnam was a French-protected state, where, around 1904, Phan Boi Chau and others, inspired by the Russo-Japanese War, organized an association advocating the anti-French movement.
Japanese: 1883年以来、フランスの保護国であったベトナムでは日露戦争に刺激され、1904年頃、ファン・ボイ・チャウ（潘佩珠）らによって反仏運動の結社が組織された。
English: In 1905, Chau went to Japan, where he sought military aid from Japanese and Chinese revolutionaries for Vietnamese cause, however, they criticized him for his idea of resorting to armed uprising and urged on him the importance of human resource development.
Japanese: 1905年、チャウは日本に渡って武器援助を仰ごうとしたが、武装蜂起の考え方を批判され、代わって人材育成の重要性を説かれた。
English: Chau accepted their suggestions, and encouraged young Vietnamese to go to Japan to study.
Japanese: チャウはその忠告を聞き入れ、ベトナムの青年らに日本への留学を呼び掛けた。
English: Over two hundred young Vietnamese and others who had passed Kakyo (ancient Chinese higher civil service examinations) went to Japan to study, and this movement became known as "the Dong Du Movement."
Japanese: 科挙に合格していた青年ら200人以上が日本に留学し、この運動は「東遊運動」と呼ばれるようになった。
English: The aim of the movement was to obtain freedom from French colonial rule, and Chau rallied like-minded people to foster young leaders of the independence movement and also raised funds from the public.
Japanese: 東遊運動はフランス植民地からの脱却を目指し、チャウは独立運動の若いリーダーを育てようと同志を募って大衆からも資金を集めた。
English: Chau also went to Japan himself and made every effort to further the independence movement, devoting his life to it.
Japanese: また、チャウ自身も日本に渡って奔走し、その人生を民族独立運動に捧げた。
English: When Vietnamese students and others in Japan began to form an anti-French movement organization and started its campaign, French government cracked down on them in different ways, which included putting their relatives in prison and interfering with money transfers.
Japanese: やがて日本にいる留学生らが反仏運動の結社を組織し活動しだすと、フランス側は留学生の親族を投獄し、送金を妨害するなどして弾圧を行った。
English: After the signing of the Japanese-French agreement in 1907, the French government demanded the handover of the students from its Japanese counterpart.
Japanese: 1907年、日仏協約が締結されると、フランスは日本政府に対して留学生の引渡しを要求した。
English: Although theJapanese government did not accept the demand, all Vietnamese students were expelled from Japan in 1909.
Japanese: 日本政府はその要求には応じなかったものの、1909年には留学生全員を国外に退去強制している。
English: Chau fled to the city of Shanghai after being deported from Japan, and in 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution (Chinese Revolution), he established "Kofukukai" (Quang Phuc Hoi [Vietnamese for Vietnam Restoration Society]) in Guangdong Province and began working toward the liberation of Vietnam from French colonial rule by force.
Japanese: その後、日本から追放されたチャウは上海市に逃れ、辛亥革命後の1912年、広東省で「光復会」を創設して武力によるベトナムの解放を目指した。
English: Doyoso is a shoso (public repository) to store doyo, which was shozei (rice tax) allowed to be consumed, in ancient ritsuryosei (system of centralized governance).
Japanese: 動用倉（どうようそう）とは、古代律令制において、出納が許された正税（動用）を納めた正倉のこと。
English: In 708, when the system of fudokoku (staples for an emergency, stored in fudoso) was introduced, the opposite idea of 'doyo' was also introduced.
Japanese: 和銅元年（708年）に不動穀制度が導入された折に、対になる概念として「動用」が導入された。
English: Rice in husk collected through Soyocho tax system and placed in a shoso of kokuga (provincial government office compounds) became fudokoku after inspection and sealing when the shoso was filled, while the rice in husk before inspection and sealing was used in case of emergency, like almsgiving, according to the judgement of kokushi (an officer of a province).
Japanese: 租庸調として国衙などに置かれた正倉に納付された稲穀は、正倉の中身が満載となると検封を経て不動穀とされたが、これに対して検封されていない正税の稲穀は国司の判断によって賑給などの非常の出費などに用いられた。
English: This is called doyo (there were also doyo of millet and sake according to existing shozei records, and therefore, doyo of rice in husk is especially called 'doyokoku').
Japanese: これを動用という（なお、現存する正税帳には粟や酒の形態で管理されていた動用も存在している。このため、動用の稲穀を特に「動用穀」とも称する）。
English: Shuki-daiban are vermilion-lacquered household goods succeeded as the Fujiwara clan's treasures by successive Toshi choja (head of the Fujiwara clan).
Japanese: 朱器台盤（しゅきだいばん）とは、藤原氏の家宝として歴代藤氏長者に継承されてきた朱塗りの什器のこと。
English: It is noted from several records that shuki (vermilion-lacquered dishes and drinking vessels) for grand banquets were stored in four nagabitsu (long wooden box with a lid) and there were 27 daiban (low and rectangular table on which food was served, used by nobles in the Heian period) to place shuki, including five large daiban.
Japanese: 諸記録によれば、大饗の際に用いた朱器（朱塗りの食器・酒器）が長櫃4台に納められ、また朱器を置くための台盤が大きな物が5つありそれを含めて27個存在したとされている。
English: According to the tradition, they were contributed to Kangakuin (educational institution) by FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu and possessed by successive Toshi choja who doubled as betto (chief officer) of Kangakuin for generations.
Japanese: 伝承によれば、藤原冬嗣が勧学院に納めた物とされ、以後代々勧学院の別当を兼務した藤氏長者が所持していたとされている。
English: But their first confirmed appearance in written records is after the time of FUJIWARA no Kaneie and the first transfer of Shuki-daiban ('Shuki watari no gi' [Ceremony for the transfer of Shuki]) to be held on the occasion of the change of Toshi choja at Higashi Sanjo-dono Palace did not take place until the time of FUJIWARA no Morozane.
Japanese: ただし、記録上実際に確認できるのは藤原兼家以後のこととされ、朱器台盤の授受（「朱器渡りの儀」）が藤氏長者交替の際に東三条殿において行われたのは藤原師実以後とされている。
English: There is a well-known historical event that, when FUJIWARA no Tadazane disowned his eldest son FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, who was Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) in 1150 and designated his second son FUJIWARA no Yorinaga as Toshi choja, Tadazane ordered samurai to transfer Shuki-daiban to Yorinaga by force.
Japanese: 久安6年（1150年）、藤原忠実が長男の関白藤原忠通を義絶して次男の藤原頼長を藤氏長者とした際に武士達に命じて強引に朱器台盤を頼長のもとに移した故事は良く知られている。
English: But grand banquets ceased to be held due to the decline of court functions, and in addition, Shuki-daiban seem to have been scattered and lost due to successive conflicts and changes of Toshi choja within a short period of time caused by the formation of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho [regent] and Kanpaku), and when Michitsugu KONOE assumed the post of Toshi choja in 1361, 'Shuki watari no gi' no longer took place, which suggests that Shuki-daiban had already been lost before that time.
Japanese: ところが、宮中行事などの衰退によって大饗が開かれることがなくなった上、相次ぐ戦乱や五摂家の成立による短期間での藤氏長者の交替などによって朱器台盤は散逸してしまったらしく、延文6年（康安元年/1361年）に近衛道嗣が藤氏長者に就任した際には「朱器渡りの儀」が行われていないために、その以前の段階で朱器台盤は既に存在していなかったと考えられている。
English: Sacchodo was called 'Yuhan' (powerfull domain) in the end of Edo period, and produced many patriotic samurais, and a generic name of 'Royal three Domains,' Satsuma Domain, Choshu Domain, and Tosa Domain which were the of the Meiji Restoration, or a generic name of the patriotic Samurais from these three Domains.
Japanese: 薩長土（さっちょうど）は、幕末期、「雄藩」と呼ばれ、多くの志士を輩出し、明治維新の原動力となった薩摩藩、長州藩、土佐藩の「勤皇三藩」の総称、あるいは、この3藩出身の志士たちの総称。
English: Around the time of the Boshin War, Sacchodo and the Hizen Domain were combined and called, 'Saccho Dohi' (Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen), and was one of the main political forces during the Meiji Era.
Japanese: 戊辰戦争の頃から肥前藩を加え、「薩長土肥」と呼ばれる明治の主要政治勢力の母体となった。
English: Yamato Eikyo War occurred in Yamato Province in 1429, in the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 大和永享の乱（やまとえいきょうのらん）は、室町時代の正長2年（1429年）に大和国で発生した戦乱。
English: It originated from the hostility between the Toyota clan, monk-soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple Daijo-in, and the Ido clan, monk-soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple Ichijo-in, and spread to the whole Yamato Province.
Japanese: 興福寺大乗院衆徒の豊田氏と興福寺一乗院衆徒の井戸氏の対立に端を発し、大和一国に広がった。
English: The local lords of Yamato Province were either monk-soldiers of Daijo-in or Ichijo-in, the two biggest monzeki (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family) of Kofuku-ji Temple, or kokumin who were jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of Kasuga-sha Shrine, but in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), they fought each other divided into the Southern Court (Japan) side led by the Ochi clan of kokumin and the Northern Court (Japan) side led by the Tsutsui clan of Ichijo-in monk-soldier.
Japanese: 大和国国人は、興福寺の二大門跡である大乗院・一乗院の衆徒、あるいは春日社の神人（国民）として組織されていたが、南北朝時代(日本)には、南朝(日本)方であった国民の越智氏と北朝(日本)方であった一乗院衆徒の筒井氏を中心とし激しく争っていた。
English: Even after the triumph of the Northern Court side stabilized the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the conflict lasted between the Tsutsui clan, who won the support from the shogunate, and the Ochi clan, who continued to maintain power especially in the southern part of Yamato Province.
Japanese: 北朝方の勝利の下室町幕府が安定して以後も、幕府の支持を得た筒井氏に対し、越智氏も大和国南部を中心として勢力を維持し紛争は継続していた。
English: Although the shogunate arbitrated the conflict in 1414 upon receiving an appeal from the Kofuku-ji Temple and made Kokujin-shu (local samurai) promise to report to the shogunate and never to have a duel, the fire of conflict continued to simmer.
Japanese: 応永21年（1414年）には興福寺の訴えにより幕府が仲裁に乗り出し、国人衆が幕府に直属し私闘をしない旨の誓約をしたが、争乱の火はくすぶり続けていた。
English: Kofuku-ji Temple and the shogunate recommended cease-fire in vain and the Ochi clan and the Hashio clan, who took sides with Toyota, attacked the Tsutsui clan and the Tochi clan, who took sides with Ido.
Japanese: 興福寺と幕府は停戦勧告をしたが一向に争いはやまず、豊田方についた越智氏、箸尾氏らは井戸方に加勢した筒井氏、十市氏を攻めた。
English: The following year, in March 1430, the shogunate ordered Kofuku-ji Temple to subdue Toyota in support of the Ido clan and its related Tsutsui clan but the maelstrom of war expanded, so that the Tsutsui clan and the Hashio clan both attacked the other's castle in September 1431.
Japanese: 翌永享2年（1430年）2月には井戸氏と同族の筒井氏を支持する幕府より、興福寺に対し豊田討伐の指示が出、更に翌永享3年（1431年）8月には筒井氏と箸尾氏が互いに相手方の居城を攻めるなど戦乱は拡大。
English: The following year, in October 1432, the Tsutsui clan suffered a crushing defeat to the Ochi and Hashio clan, which turned the course of the war against Ido side, but the situation changed after Mitsunobu TSUTSUI appealed to the shogunate.
Japanese: 翌永享4年（1432年）9月には越智・箸尾両氏に筒井氏が大敗し、井戸方の形勢不利になっていたが、筒井光宣が幕府に訴えたことで戦局に変化が生じる。
English: The shogunate reversed its nonintervention policy and decided to subdue the Ochi clan, which led the Ochi clan to fall and escape to the southern Yamato Province.
Japanese: 幕府はそれまでの不介入方針を変更し越智氏討伐を決め、越智氏は大和南部に没落した。
English: But, after that, Mitsuie HATAKEYAMA, shugo (provincial constable) of Kawachi Province, provided support to Koremichi OCHI and, although the Tsutsui clan sought help from Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, the Ochi clan regained momentum in 1434 and badly defeated the Tsutsui clan again.
Japanese: しかしその後、河内国守護の畠山満家が越智維通を支援、筒井氏も細川持之を頼ったが、永享6年（1434年）に入ると越智氏は勢いを盛り返し、筒井氏は再度大敗を喫した。
English: In 1435, Yoshinori once again made up his mind to subdue Koremichi OCHI and his allies by the request from Mitsunobu and dispatched the army of bakufu.
Japanese: 翌永享7年（1435年）義教は光宣の訴えにより越智維通らの再度の討伐を決め、幕府軍を派遣した。
English: The Ochi clan barricaded itself in Tonomine, and though having been defeated, continued to resist so much that the army of bakufu led by Mochiari SHIBA was unable to settle the battle even when it went all the way to fight a great battle on June 25, 1437.
Japanese: 越智氏は多武峰に籠もり敗れたものの以後も抗戦を続け、斯波持有率いる幕府軍は永享9年5月22日(旧暦)（1437年6月25日）に大合戦に及んだが決着がつかなかった。
English: On August 12, 1437 when the shogunate was trying to subdue the surviving retainers of the Southern Court, Yoshiaki, who was at odds with his older brother Yoshinori ran away, so the leaders of the shogunate suspected the involvement of not only Yoshiaki of Gonancho (Second Southern Court) but also Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) who was in conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), because Daikaku-ji Temple (from where Yoshiaki ran away) was associated with the Southern Court and also imperial princes of the Southern Court, Tamagawa no miya and Goshoin no miya ran away, too.
Japanese: 長引く南朝遺臣の討伐に加え同年7月11日(旧暦)（8月12日）、義教と不仲であった弟の義昭の出奔をみた幕府首脳は、大覚寺が南朝ゆかりであること、玉川宮、護聖院宮らの南朝皇族も共に逃亡したことなどから、後南朝・義昭に加え、当時幕府派の関東管領上杉憲実と対立していた鎌倉公方足利持氏の連携を疑った。
English: On September 17, 1438, they requested the Emperor Gohanazono in strict secrecy to issue Jibatsu Rinji (imperial order to punish enemies) targeting at Tonomine in order to start an all-out assault, which finally ended the war that had lasted for 11 years with the death of Koremichi OCHI in April 1439.
Japanese: 翌永享10年8月28日(旧暦)（1438年9月17日）に多武峰を対象とした治罰綸旨を後花園天皇に極秘に発給してもらい総攻撃を開始し、翌永享11年（1439年）3月に至り越智維通が討たれ、11年に及ぶ戦乱は一旦終結した。
English: But some people advocate that there is no clear evidence of linkage between the Ochi clan war and Mochiuji and Yoshiaki, and therefore it must be left as an open question.
Japanese: しかしながら、越智氏の乱と持氏、義昭との連携については確たる証拠がなく疑問であるという論者もいる。
English: Akira IMATANI infers that the reason why the shogunate claimed the cooperation between Mochiuji and the Ochi clan, who was on the Southern Court side and evidently an Emperor's enemy, was to get the Jibatsu Rinji against Mochiuji because Mochiuji was far from being called as Emperor's enemy.
Japanese: 今谷明は朝敵とは到底いえない持氏を対象とした治罰綸旨発給をしてもらうために南朝方であることから朝敵であることが確実な越智氏との連携を主張したものと推察している。
English: Similarly, concerning the participation of Yoshiaki, there is a theory that regards the running away of Yoshiaki as a mere escape in fear of purge.
Japanese: また、義昭の合流についても、義昭出奔を粛正を恐れた単なる逃亡と見る説もある。
English: This war undermined the authority of Kofuku-ji Temple and strengthened the rule of Yoshinori but, as early as in 1440, the army of bakufu was forced to go back into battle to subdue the Ochi clan who made a move connected with Yuki War.
Japanese: この乱により興福寺の権威は揺らぎ義教の支配が強まったが、永享12年（1440年）には早くも、結城合戦と関連した動きを見せた越智氏討伐のため幕府軍が出陣している。
English: After that, the Hatakeyama clan and the Ochi clan intervened into the succession dispute of the Tsutsui clan, which further developed into the succession dispute of the Hatakeyama clan, followed by the Onin war, and then, Yamato Province entered the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 筒井氏内部の家督争いに畠山氏、越智氏らが介入し、更には当の畠山氏の家督争いと続き、応仁の乱を経て大和国は戦国時代へと突入していくこととなる。
English: The problem of heir of Shogun means a political strife of selection of the next Seii Taishogun (Barbarian Subduing Generalissimo) (Shogun) of the bakufu.
Japanese: 将軍継嗣問題（しょうぐんけいしもんだい）とは、幕府の次期征夷大将軍（将軍）の選定を巡る政争。
English: The political strife of succession to the 13th shogun Iesada TOKUGAWA of the Edo bakufu in the Ansei era was very famous, and the 'problem of heir of Shogun' usually refers to this strife.
Japanese: 特に江戸幕府13代将軍徳川家定の後継を巡って生じた安政年間の件が著名で単に「将軍継嗣問題」と呼んだ場合、この件を指すことも多い。
English: The legitimate son of the 12th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Ieyoshi (later Iesada) TOKUGAWA, had a weak construction and speech and behavior defects (thus he might have cerebral palsy).
Japanese: 江戸幕府12代将軍徳川家慶の嫡男・家祥（後の家定）は病弱で言動も定かではなかった（脳性まひとも言われている）。
English: Ieyoshi considered adopting Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI), a son of Nariaki TOKUGAWA of the Mito Domain, who succeeded the Hitotsubashi family, but was persuaded not to do so by roju (senior councilor) Masahiro ABE, and made a decision to make Yoshinobu an heir if an unexpected accident occurred on Iesada.
Japanese: そこで、家慶は水戸藩徳川斉昭の子で一橋家を継いでいた徳川慶喜（一橋慶喜）を養子とする事を考えたが、老中阿部正弘の反対で思いとどまり、家定に不測の事態が起きた際に慶喜を後継とすることとした。
English: Ieyoshi died immediately after the Kurofune (the black ships of Commodore Matthew Perry) came, and in a state of turmoil, Japan had to sign the Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan.
Japanese: 黒船が来航の直後、家慶が死去した混乱の中、日本は日米和親条約締結を余儀なくされる。
English: However, Iesada who succeeded Ieyoshi after his death became extremely ill and often almost disabled and could not administer government affairs satisfactorily.
Japanese: しかし、家慶の死後に後を継いだ家定は将軍就任後、更に病状を悪化させて時には廃人に近い状態となり政務が満足に行えなかった。
English: Several main daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) who were concerned with that, such as Nariakira SHIMAZU, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA, and Nariaki TOKUGAWA, considered that they should put up a shogun who could deal with crises and attempted to back up Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI, a real son of Nariaki, as shogun, with a support of roju Masahiro ABE.
Japanese: これを憂慮した島津斉彬・松平慶永・徳川斉昭ら有力な大名は大事に対応できる将軍を擁立すべきであると考えて斉昭の実子である一橋慶喜擁立に動き、老中阿部正弘もこれに加担した。
English: On the other hand, conservative fudai daimyo (daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) and O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) backed up Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA (later Iemochi TOKUGAWA), a male cousin of Iesada, of the Kii Domain.
Japanese: これに対して保守的な譜代大名や大奥は、家定に血筋が近い従兄弟の紀伊藩徳川慶福（後の徳川家茂）を擁立しようとした。
English: When Masahiro ABE died suddenly, fudai daimyo who opposed to the Ansei Reform led by Abe began to regain lost ground and were supported by O-oku who opposed to Nariaki who called upon the tightening discipline of O-oku.
Japanese: ところが、阿部正弘が急死すると、阿部による安政の改革に反発する譜代大名の巻き返しが始まり、「大奥の粛正」を唱える斉昭に反発する大奥もこれに加担する。
English: The conflict between kaikoku-ha (the open country wing) and Joi-ha (the expulsionist wing) about the issue of imperial sanction of the treaty worsened the situation (In the Hitotsubashi group, Nariakira SHIMAZU belonged to the kaikoku-ha, Nariaki TOKUGAWA belonged to the Joi-ha and they backed up Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI to realize their own foreign policies.
Japanese: 更に条約勅許問題を巡る開国派と攘夷派の対立も加わって事態は複雑となった（一橋派では島津斉彬は開国派、徳川斉昭は攘夷派に属し、互いに自己の外交路線実現のために一橋慶喜擁立を目指した。