nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: In 2008, with the extension of the subway line to Uzumasa-tenjingawa Station and the opening of Randen-Tenjingawa Station by the Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd., 'Kyoto Subway and Randen One-day Ticket' and 'Kyoto-Ranzan and Biwako-Otsu One-day Ticket' became available for purchase on March 28, 2008.
Japanese: 2008年からは、地下鉄側の太秦天神川駅延伸、京福側の嵐電天神川駅開業を受けて、同年3月28日から「京都嵐山・びわ湖大津1dayチケット」、「京都地下鉄・嵐電1dayチケット」が発売された。
English: In 2003, the big toymaker Taito Corporation adopted the Keifuku Electric Railroad in Densha-de-go! (電車でGO!), a train operation game (the Arashiyama Main Line and the Kitano Line have been adopted).
Japanese: 2003年に、大手ゲームメーカータイトーの列車運転ゲーム『電車でGO!』に、京福電鉄として登場している（路線は、嵐山本線、北野線）。
English: The N gauge model train, MOBO Type 101 'Randen,' is sold by the Hasegawa Corporation.
Japanese: ハセガワよりモボ101形「嵐電」のNゲージ鉄道模型が発売されている。
English: Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station, located in Uzumasa-shimokeibu-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a stop on the Arashiyama Main Line, which is operated by the Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd.
Japanese: 嵐電天神川駅（らんでんてんじんがわえき）は、京都府京都市右京区太秦下刑部町にある京福電気鉄道京福電気鉄道嵐山本線の鉄道駅である。
English: Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station was built as a station for transfers to Uzumasa-tenjingawa Station between Kaikonoyashiro Station and Yamanouchi Station (Kyoto Prefecture), along with the extension of the Tozai Line of the Kyoto Municipal Subway between Nijo Station and Uzumasa-tenjingawa Station, which was opened on January 16, 2008.
Japanese: 2008年1月16日に開業した京都市営地下鉄京都市営地下鉄東西線の二条駅〜太秦天神川駅間延伸開業に伴い、蚕ノ社駅〜山ノ内駅(京都府)間に同線太秦天神川駅との乗り換えのための駅として設置されることになった。
English: Prior to the station's opening, for a period of two months the neighboring Kaikonoyashiro Station served as a transfer point.
Japanese: 開業までの2か月ほどの期間は、隣の蚕ノ社駅が乗り換え駅としての役割を担っていた。
English: The total construction cost was 643 million yen, of which Kyoto Prefecture funded 616 million yen, and the construction began in November 2007.
Japanese: 設置費用の6億4300万円のうちの6億1600万円は京都市が負担し、2007年11月中に着工した。
English: Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station marked the second time (after Rokuoin Station, which opened in 1956) in 52 years that the Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd., built a new, intermediate station on the existing line.
Japanese: 京福電鉄にとって、既設路線の中間駅新設は、1956年開業の鹿王院駅に次いで、52年ぶりで2駅目である。
English: Incidentally, a temporary intermediate station built in 1992 by the Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd., is Jinai Ground-mae Station on the Mikuni-awara Line, currently operated by the Echizen Railway.
Japanese: なお臨時駅の中間駅としては、現えちぜん鉄道のえちぜん鉄道三国芦原線仁愛グランド前駅が、京福電鉄時代の1992年に開業した例がある。
English: The section that the Keihan Keishin Line enters was extended from Kyoto Shiyakusho-mae Station to Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station on the same date, allowing passengers to transfer at Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station from the Keihan Keishin Line and Keihan Ishiyama-sakamoto Main Line, thereby improving access to Arashiyama and Sagano.
Japanese: 京阪京津線が同日から京都市役所前駅から同駅に乗り入れ区間を延伸したため、同線・京阪石山坂本線沿線から当駅を介して乗り換えが可能になり、嵐山・嵯峨野へのアクセスが便利になった。
English: Although Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station is in a tramway section situated on the road, platforms are provided instead of a safety zone.
Japanese: 併用軌道区間であるが、安全地帯(交通)ではなくプラットホームが設置されている。
English: Further, a roof covers the passage that connects the exit of the subway station and Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station.
Japanese: また、地下鉄駅の出口から嵐電天神川駅までの通路にも屋根が設置されている。
English: Staff aren't usually stationed at Ranzan-Tenjingawa Station, but staff will be stationed mainly on weekends during the tourist seasons.
Japanese: 通常は駅員無配置駅となるが、多客期の週末を中心に駅員が配置される予定である。
English: The station, at the planning phase, was going to be built adjacent to the sidewalk east of Sanjo-dori Street; now the station stands in the center of Sanjo-dori Street, on the north and south ways.
Japanese: 計画当初は、三条通東側歩道に隣接するように設置される予定だったが、現在のように三条通北行き南行き車線の中央に設置されることになった。
English: The distance to the neighboring Kaikonoyashiro Station is approximately 250 m, and the working distance is 0.2 km.
Japanese: となりの蚕ノ社駅との駅間距離は、約250m、営業キロは0.2kmである。
English: The Nagaokakyo Happy Bus is a community bus operated by Nagaokakyo City in Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 長岡京はっぴぃバス（ながおかきょうはっぴぃバス）は、京都府長岡京市が運営するコミュニティバスである。
English: The service commenced in October 2006 aiming to alleviate transport inconvenience within Nagaokakyo city and ensure a means of transport for the elderly.
Japanese: 長岡京市内における交通が不便な地域の解消や、高齢者の交通手段の確保を目的として、2006年（平成18年）10月に運行を開始した。
English: In September 2007 there was an overhaul of routes and fares etc. that had been in place until then.
Japanese: 2007年9月には、それまでの利用状況などから、運行コースや運賃などの改定を行った。
English: From August 2008, government funding was due to end and there was a change and plans were made for the city to independently operate the service.
Japanese: 2008年8月からは国の補助金がなくなり、市単独により運行される計画に変更となっていた。
English: However, the community bus operating committee was dissolved and a legally incorporated committee was formed in line with the Act on Revitalization and Rehabilitation of Local Public Transportation Systems so, from August government funding continued.
Japanese: しかし、コミュニティーバス運行協議会を解散し地域公共交通活性化再生法に基づく法定協議会が設立されたことにより、8月以降も国の補助金が継続されることとなった。
English: There are 2 routes and both utilize the West Japan Railway Company Nagaokakyo Station west exit as terminus and departure point.
Japanese: 2つのコースがあり、どちらも西日本旅客鉄道長岡京駅西口を発着地としている。
English: JR Nagaokakyo => Hankyu Railway Nagaokatenjin Station => Cultural Centre=>Otokunidera =>Takinocho=>Nishinokyo=>Uguisudai Nishi=>Nagaoka Tenmangu Shrine=>JR Nagaokakyo Station(mornings only.
Japanese: JR長岡京→阪急電車長岡天神駅→文化センター前→乙訓寺前→滝ノ町→西の京→うぐいす台西→長岡天満宮前→JR長岡京方面（午前のみ。
English: JR Nagaokakyo=>Tomo-oka=>Izumigaoka=>Takadai Nishi=>Koganegaoka=>Kayogaoka 2 Chome ((Mitakedai Housing)=>Cultural Centre=>Hankyu Nagaokatenjin Station=>JR Nagaokakyo (mornings only).
Japanese: JR長岡京→友岡→泉が丘→高台西→こがねが丘→河陽が丘二丁目（美竹台住宅前）→文化センター前→阪急長岡天神→JR長岡京方面（午前のみ。
English: Transferring from one route to another at JR Nagaokakyo station is gratis and also there is a discount if transferring over to another Hankyu bus.
Japanese: JR長岡京での両コース間の乗り継ぎは無料、また阪急バスとの乗り継ぎにも割引制度あり。
English: From summer 2007, during school vacations there is a gratis bus service for children of elementary age or younger.
Japanese: 2007年夏より、学校の休暇期間に小学生以下の子どもに乗車無料サービスを行っている。
English: This section, "Transportation in Japan," describes the history and conditions of transportation in Japan.
Japanese: 日本の交通（にほんのこうつう）では、日本の交通の歴史や状況などを述べる。
English: Before the steam engine and the internal-combustion engine were introduced, members of the ruling class in Japan had not been very active in enhancing transportation.
Japanese: 蒸気機関や内燃機関が導入される以前において、日本の支配層は交通を活発にすることにあまり好意的ではなかった。
English: Some of the reasons include concerns about maintaining traditions and social order due to the active turnover of people or property, and for military reasons.
Japanese: その理由としては物や人の出入りが盛んになることによって、伝統・秩序の保持や、軍事的な理由などが挙げられる。
English: In "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), Kojin (a god) and other local people who make human traffic stop are introduced, and descriptions include that, immediately after the Taika Reforms, some travelers were punished by local people because they violated a taboo not knowing the customs in the area.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』においても、人々の往来を妨害する神（「荒神」）や地元の人々の存在が多数登場しており、大化の改新直後においても旅人がその地域の慣習を知らずに禁忌を犯したためにその地域の人々に処罰されていることが問題視されているなどの記載がある。
English: To form a shape as a nation, in Japan too, major roads, which connect the capital of Japan and the kokufu (provincial office) of each ryoseikoku (province), were improved.
Japanese: 国家としての形態を成すために、日本においても日本の首都と令制国の国府を結ぶ主要道路は整備された。
English: However, most roads except major Kando (roads that were improved, managed, and maintained by the Japanese nation) were not improved because the government was afraid that improving the traffic connecting among local regions might help farmers flee from the region, and thus the government believed that it should be enough to prepare a bridge of boats on rivers in the local regions only when nengu (land tax) needed to be transported to the capital (Kinoeinu-jo in May 801 of "Nihongi Ryaku" (Summary of Japanese Chronologies)).
Japanese: しかし、地方間同士の交通は農民の逃亡を助けることになるとして主要官道を除いてはほとんど整備されず、地方の川には年貢を都へ運ぶ時だけ舟橋をかければ良いと考えられていた（『日本紀略』の延暦20年5月甲戌条）。
English: During the Edo period too, bridges were not built across major rivers for military and political reasons, and the government not only issued the national isolation policy (Kaikin Policy - the policy to forbid private people to trade with foreign countries) and the ban on production of large ships (a part of Buke shohatto - Laws for the Military Houses), but also prohibited distribution using vehicles such as horse- or cow-drawn buggies on Kaido (road) to protect Edo.
Japanese: 江戸時代においても軍事的・政治的理由として大きな河川には橋はかけられず、鎖国（海禁政策）や大船建造の禁（武家諸法度の一部）が出された他、江戸防衛を理由に街道筋の牛馬車など車両使用した物流を禁じる方針を採った。
English: Therefore, roads in Japan were hardly ever surfaced, and vehicles with wheels used on the roads in Japan were only load-carrying vehicles, such as large carts, and some cow-drawn buggies.
Japanese: このため、日本の道路は鋪装されることがほとんどなく、車輪を用いた車は大八車といった荷物運搬用以外に用いられることは、牛車などしかなかった。
English: For the transport of goods, river boats or small merchant ships were used, and thus water routes were well-developed.
Japanese: 物資の輸送には川舟や小型の商船が用いられており、大都市では水路が発達していた。
English: To promptly improve the transportation systems in Japan, the government placed priority mainly on the improvement of the railway network and thus did not focus on road maintenance and construction so much.
Japanese: 早急に整備を進めるために主に鉄道網を構築することが優先されたため、道路についてはあまり整備されなかった。
English: In the high economic growth period, the expressway (Meishin Expressway) was constructed for the first time in Japan.
Japanese: 高度経済成長期には本格的な自動車専用道路である高速道路が、日本で初めて登場した（名神高速道路）。
English: After that, with the Tokyo Olympic Games, the Osaka Expo, and other large events, improvement of Shinkansen (bullet trains) lines and urban expressways began, resulting in today's 14,000km-expressway network and advanced Shinkansen lines.
Japanese: その後は東京オリンピックや大阪万博などを契機に新幹線や都市高速道路の整備がはじまり、現在では総延長14000kmの高速道路網が整備されており、新幹線についても整備が進んだ。
English: However, transportation in Japan has some problems in various aspects, for example, waning city center due to advance of motorization.
Japanese: しかし、モータリゼーションの進展による中心市街地の衰退など様々な面でひずみを抱えている状況にある。
English: In ancient times, along with the development of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), roads were developed based on the Eki transportation system between the capital (Kinai region - the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) and local regions, and Umaya (regular intervals stages) were set up on the ways.
Japanese: 古代は律令制の整備に伴い、駅制が敷かれて都（畿内）と地方の間に道路が整備され、駅家が置かれた。
English: These roads are called ancient roads, and ancient Kando were developed along with Goki-Shichido (five provinces and seven circuits), which were local regional divisions.
Japanese: これを日本の古代道路というが、古代官道は地方広域区分である五畿七道に沿って整備された。
English: Goki-Shichido: Kinai, Saikai-do Road, Nankai-do Road, Sanyo-do Road, Sanin-do Road, Tokai-do Road, Tosan-do Road, and Hokuriku-do Road.
Japanese: 五畿七道：畿内、西海道、南海道、山陽道、山陰道、東海道、東山道、北陸道
English: In the Medieval period, with the development of urban areas, land transport was improved because of the necessity for transporting nengu, and periodical markets and other events were also opened.
Japanese: 中世には都市の発達に伴い、年貢や物資の輸送の必要性から陸上交通が整備され、定期市なども開かれた。
English: Along with this, ports and cargo-vessels were also improved, and maritime traffic and maritime transportation were also started accordingly.
Japanese: これに伴い、港や廻船も整備され、海上交通や海上輸送も行われるようになる。
English: The government, daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period, and major temples and shrines set up sekisho (checking stations) at check points of traffic to collect sekisen (toll).
Japanese: 交通の要所には、幕府や戦国大名や有力寺社などが関所を設置して、関銭が徴収された。
English: Go-kaido Road (starting point: Nihonbashi (Chuo Ward, Tokyo): Tokai-do Road, Nakasen-do Road, Koshu-kaido Road, Oshu-kaido Road, and Nikko-kaido Road
Japanese: 五街道（始点：日本橋(東京都中央区)）：東海道、中山道、甲州街道、奥州街道、日光街道
English: Although there were many problems and obstacles in the way of railway construction, temporary operations began between Shinagawa and Yokohama, and then operations between Shinbashi and Yokohama started.
Japanese: 鉄道の建設には多くの問題や妨碍が為されたが、品川・横浜間で仮営業が始められた後、新橋・横浜間の営業が始められた。
English: In addition, in large cities, streetcars and subways were constructed and improved, and gas lamps and pavement were also improved for horse-drawn buggies.
Japanese: また、都市内においては路面電車や地下鉄が整備され、馬車が走るためにガス灯や舗装が進められた。
English: During World War II, the pavement ratio of even National Routes was very low, and the improvement of roads for automobiles was not promoted well.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦中まで国道にあっても舗装率は非常に低い状況など自動車用の道路の整備があまり進まなかった。
English: For economic reconstruction, a Nagoya-Kobe Expressway (current Meishin Expressway) that would connect Nagoya and Kobe was planned; however, because there were no traffic engineers who could make a plan of expressway in Japan then, the Japanese government asked the United Nations to formulate the plan.
Japanese: 経済復興のため、名古屋と神戸を結ぶ名古屋・神戸高速道路（現在の名神高速道路）が計画されたが、高速道路の計画をたてられる交通工学の技術者が日本にはいなかったために国際連合に要請して計画書の策定がされた。
English: 'The roads of Japan are incredibly bad. No other industrial nation has so completely neglected its highway system.'
Japanese: 「日本の道路は信じがたい程に悪い。工業国にして、これ程道路を無視してきた国は日本の他にない。」
English: Inspired by this report, road maintenance and improvement in Japan began making dramatic progress.
Japanese: この報告書も後押しとなり、日本の道路整備は飛躍的に進んでいくことになる。
English: In railway construction, trains were shifted from steam locomotive to diesel trains (diesel car) or electric trains.
Japanese: 鉄道においては高速化のために蒸気機関車から気動車（ディーゼルカー）や鉄道の電化への転換が進められていった。
English: In Japan, where the development of aircraft was limited due to Japan's defeat in the war, many engineers, who did not do well in aircraft manufacturing, but were active before the war, pushed back the boundaries of the automobile industry and supported the growth of the auto industry in Japan.
Japanese: 敗戦の影響で、航空機の開発を制限された日本では航空機製造の分野では振るわなかったが、戦前に活躍した技術者の多くが車産業へと鞍替えすることで日本の自動車産業の成長を支えることなった。
English: In time for the Tokyo Olympic Games held in 1964, the Tomei Expressway was constructed and the operation of Tokaido Shinkansen started.
Japanese: 1964年の東京オリンピックに合わせて、東名高速道路の建設や東海道新幹線の開通などが相次いだ。
English: The Metropolitan Expressway, which was constructed in tje Tokyo Special Ward and the first urban expressway in Japan, was also partially opened to traffic in 1962.
Japanese: また、東京特別区の首都高速道路も1962年に一部開通し、これは日本初の都市高速道路でもあった。
English: From the late 1960's, the growing popularity of privately-owned cars dramatically increased, and thus the number of cars accordingly increased substantially (motorization).
Japanese: また、1960年代後半頃からマイカーの普及が本格化し、自動車の台数が大幅に増加した（モータリゼーション）。
English: On the other hand, traffic accidents also increased drastically because of a delay in improving roads and environments for the usage of cars, resulting in the so-called traffic war.
Japanese: その一方で、道路や自動車の利用環境の整備の遅れなどから交通事故も激増し、いわゆる交通戦争が起こった。
English: For the prevention of traffic accidents, a system in which sidewalks and driveways were separated was promoted by introducing pedestrian bridges.
Japanese: 交通事故防止の対策として、横断歩道橋の設置による歩車分離を実施していった。
English: The number of automobiles owned in Japan reached 10 million by 1971.
Japanese: 乗用車の保有台数は1971年（昭和46年）には1000万台に達した。
English: While the development of the conventional railway was overwhelmed by the wave of motorization and thus slowing down, Shinkansen lines, the high speed passenger railway, started growing as a main artery of Japan.
Japanese: 在来鉄道がモータリゼーション進展の波に押されて停滞する一方で、高速旅客鉄道である新幹線は日本の大動脈へと成長していく。
English: In addition, the success of the Shinkansen, which bridged a gap between automobiles and passenger transportation by airplane, triggered a review of the improvement of railways, which was slowing down in Japan then, and also motivated European and Asian nations to build a high speed passenger railway.
Japanese: また、自動車と航空旅客輸送の間を埋める日本の新幹線の成功は、停滞傾向にあった鉄道の見直し機運を与え、ヨーロッパやアジアの国々にも高速旅客鉄道を登場させる動機となった。
English: In Japan, where many resources are sent form foreign countries, shipbuilding technology had been well improved since pre-war periods, and even after the war, shipbuilding including large tankers was actively carried out, which played a role, with the steel industry, in economics and distribution in Japan.
Japanese: 資源の多くを海外に頼る日本では、戦前から造船技術が発達し、戦後も大型タンカーなどの建造が活発に行われ、鉄鋼業とともに日本の経済と物流の一翼を担った。
English: After the late 1980's, when the yen (currency) became stronger, both business and private traveling overseas became popular.
Japanese: 円(通貨)の価値が一段と上昇した1980年代以降は、海外へのビジネスや旅行の渡航も活発になった。
English: Before the high-growth period, roads in Japan were bad, but the improvement and construction of roads have been actively implemented since 1960's, achieving highly maintained roads throughout Japan.
Japanese: 高度成長期までは日本の道路は劣悪であったが、1960年代以降盛んに道路建設が行われ、全国に高水準の道路整備が行き渡っている。
English: Although the number of deaths from traffic accidents has been reduced as traffic safety measures have been advanced, the number of traffic accidents have been increasing along with the increase in traffic and the progress in aging.
Japanese: 安全対策の進展により交通事故による死者数は減少しているが、交通量が増え高齢化も進んでいることから、交通事故数は増加しつづけている。
English: Based on the current financial situation, the budget for road improvement tends to be reduced, and some changes in institutions, including privatization of Japan Highway Public Corporation and shifting road-related tax revenue to general revenue, are now occurring.
Japanese: 現在の財政状況から道路整備予算は圧縮される傾向にあり、道路公団民営化や道路特定財源の一般財源化など制度面での変化が起こっている。
English: On the other hand, there is still considerable discussion about the need for Shinkansen in regions with no Shinkansen lines, because it would encourage economic development.
Japanese: 一方で、経済発展になるという理由で、新幹線が整備されていない地域では新幹線を求める声が依然として大きい。
English: In addition, LRT, which has been spread in Europe, was introduced (to Toyama Light Rail) and parking lots for "park and ride" have been developed.
Japanese: また、ヨーロッパで広まったLRTが導入された(富山ライトレール)り、パークライドのための駐車場の整備がされたりしている。
English: Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) has already decided to construct Chuo Shinkansen, which uses linear motor trains, showing Japan's unceasing movement toward faster railway network.
Japanese: 東海旅客鉄道はリニアモーターカー方式である中央新幹線の整備を行うことを決定しており、日本の鉄道網の高速化はさらにすすむことになる。
English: Although Narita International Airport used to keep its position as a hub airport in East Asia, Hong Kong International Airport in China and Incheon International Airport in South Korea are taking this position, because the construction of runways of Narita International Airport has not moved forward as planned.
Japanese: 成田国際空港は東アジアの拠点空港という地位を保っていたが、滑走路が計画されたどおりに進まないために中華人民共和国の香港国際空港や大韓民国の仁川国際空港などに奪われつつある。
English: There are many cases where regions are divided roughly based on Goki-Shichido in the Ritsuryo era and Go-kaido Road during the Edo period for a transportation system or road map in accordance with the topographical conditions.
Japanese: 交通体系や道路地図などでは地形的条件に則り、律令時代の五畿七道や、江戸時代の五街道などを目安として、地方を区分することが多い。
English: Railways in Japan include all railways and rail tracks (railway) in Japan.
Japanese: 日本の鉄道（にほんのてつどう）とは、日本における鉄道および軌道(鉄道)等の総称である。
English: Japan's railway, in a limited sense, means railways under the control of Railway Bureau of MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) based on the Railway Business Act.
Japanese: 日本における鉄道とは、狭義には鉄道事業法に基づいた国土交通省鉄道局の管轄のもとにあるものを指す。
English: Railways constructed based on the Act on Rail Tracks are called rail tracks (railway), which are technically different from railways, but generally called railways as well.
Japanese: 軌道法に基づいて建設されたものは法的には軌道(鉄道)と呼ばれ、鉄道とは異なるものであるが、一般的にはこれも鉄道と呼ばれる。
English: The reason why there are two acts, the Railway Business Act and the Act on Rail Tracks, is that the Act on Rail Tracks mainly covers railways set up on roads.
Japanese: 鉄道事業法と軌道法の2種類があるのは、軌道法が主に道路に敷設される鉄道を対象としているからである。
English: In addition, while the Railway Business Act used to be under the control of Ministry of Transport, the Act on Rail Tracks used to be controlled collectively by Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Construction (Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Construction were unified and became Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 2001).
Japanese: また鉄道事業法は旧運輸省、軌道法は旧運輸省と旧建設省の共同管轄と管轄する省庁も異なっていた（運輸省と建設省は2001年に統合され国土交通省となっている）。
English: Moreover, other than types of railways mentioned above, there are some railways constructed on private properties not based on the Railway Business Act and the Act on Rail Tracks.
Japanese: これらとは別に、一部私有地において、鉄道事業法や軌道法に基づかず建設された鉄道も存在する。
English: These railways include ones used for transportation to and from hotels, used as a small tram, and a sightseeing train, such as 'a train in wonderland' used in an amusement park.
Japanese: 旅館などの送迎などに使われるもののほか、小規模なトロッコ、遊園地の「おとぎ汽車」のような園内遊覧鉄道がこれにあたる。
English: Since Japan is relatively a very dense country and railways have a significant role as a means of in-city and inter-city transportation, today's passenger transportation volume of railways in Japan accounts for 40% of the world total in market share.
Japanese: 日本は、比較的人口密度が高く、都市内輸送、都市間輸送において鉄道が重要な役割を担っているため、日本の鉄道の旅客輸送人員は、世界全体の4割の市場占有率を占めるまでになっている。
English: In addition, some elements of railways including technologies, on-time operation rate, and service quality for passengers have reached the highest level in the world.
Japanese: また、鉄道技術、定時運行性、旅客サービスについては、世界で最も優れた水準に達している。
English: However, in some under populated areas with very low transport density, there are some railway companies whose managing conditions are failing.
Japanese: しかしながら、輸送密度の低い人口過疎地域においては、かなり厳しい経営をせざるを得ない地域もある。
English: The following definitions are described in the Railway Business Act, enforcement regulations of Article 4 in Japan.
Japanese: 日本の法律では、鉄道事業法施行規則第四条で、次のものが列挙されている。
English: Article 4: The types of railways defined in Number 6 of Paragraph 1 of Article 4 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism are as follows:
Japanese: 第四条法第四条第一項第六号の国土交通省令で定める鉄道の種類は、次のとおりとする。
English: A type of railway which is extremely-common (railways that have two steel rail lines (railway) on which trains run, including from Shinkansen to light railway and Jinsha-kido - a railway system in which men push a passage car or a freight car)
Japanese: -ごく一般的な鉄道（2本の鉄の線路(鉄道)の上を走るもの。新幹線から軽便鉄道・人車軌道まで）
English: Suspended monorail/Skyrail (Skyrail Service Hiroshima Tankyori Kotsu Seno Line)
Japanese: -懸垂式モノレール・スカイレールサービス広島短距離交通瀬野線スカイレール
English: Magnetically levitated railway/linear motor train (there are some linear motor trains that are not levitated and thus belong to 1. Common railways, for example, steel-wheel linear motor train)
Japanese: -磁気浮上式鉄道・リニアモーターカー（ただし浮上せず、一に該当するリニアモーターカーもある。リニアモーターカー鉄輪式リニアモーターカーなど）
English: IMTS (Intelligent Multimode Transit System, the 2005 World Exposition, Aichi, Japan, Aichi Expo Line) was added to the railways that fall on the above category No.8.
Japanese: 上記（八）に当たるものとしては、2005年日本国際博覧会（愛・地球博）のIMTS（2005年日本国際博覧会協会愛・地球博線）が「磁気誘導式鉄道」として追加された。
English: The nation (Tetsudo-Ryo (the predecessor of Tetsudo-In) -> Tetsudo-In (Railway Bureau) -> Tetsudo-Sho (Ministry of Railways (Japan National Railways)) -> Ministry of Transport) used to manage the major lines across the country once (from the Meiji period when the first railway was constructed in Japan to immediately after the World War II), but Japan National Railways (JNR) itself was privatized into seven JR companies through the innovative change from the administrative organ to the public authority (Japan National Railways).
Japanese: かつて（日本に初めて鉄道が敷設された明治から第二次大戦直後まで）は国（鉄道寮→鉄道院→鉄道省→運輸省）が全国の主要路線を運営していたが、行政機関から公共企業体（日本国有鉄道）などへの変革を経て、国鉄分割民営化により国鉄そのものが解体され、JR7社に承継されている。
English: Major and second-tier private railway companies located in metropolitan areas mainly establish railway networks connecting the city center and the suburbs.
Japanese: 大都市圏にある大手私鉄・準大手私鉄は主に都心と郊外を結ぶ路線網を構築している。
English: The majority of the small-and-medium-sized private railway companies, on the other hand, usually connect the city, which is far from JR stations, and a JR station.
Japanese: 中小私鉄は主にJRの駅から離れた都市とJR駅を結ぶ役割のものが多い。
English: Subways in Japan are run by either special companies or local public enterprises (public transportation).
Japanese: 日本では地下鉄はいずれも特殊会社または地方公営企業（公営交通）の形態をとっている。