nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: On the other hand, owing to its history of flood damage, the city developed a sewage system relatively early, covering roughly 80% of the old Fukuchiyama City area (the usage rate of flush toilet including septic tank was 92%).
Japanese: 一方、下水については浸水被害の歴史から比較的早くから整備されて来ており、旧福知山市域においては80%の下水道普及率（浄化槽を含む水洗化率は92%）があった。
English: For this reason, a sewage system combining rainwater and sewers was adopted to act as drainage behind levees in the old urban area.
Japanese: 旧市街地についてはこの理由により、内水排除を目的に雨水汚水の合流式となっている。
English: In Fukuchiyama City, garbage is disposed through incineration, landfill and recycling at the Environmental Park located in Maki in the city.
Japanese: 市のゴミ処理は、市内牧に所在する環境パークにての焼却、埋め立て処理、リサイクルとなっている。
English: Garbage which is burnable, non-burnable, or plastic containers and packages, recyclables (empty cans, empty bottles, paper containers and packages, and plastic bottles) and fluorescent lamps are collected, with the use of specific paid garbage bags for the first three categories, and separation of garbage according to each category being required.
Japanese: 収集されるゴミは、燃やすごみ・燃やさないごみ・プラスチック製容器包装類・資源ごみ（空き缶、空きビン、紙パック、ペットボトル）・蛍光管で、前3種は有料専用袋の使用、また各種の分別が求められる。
English: Large garbage, electronic under the Specific Household Appliance Recycling Act and wastes discharged from business offices have to be brought in.
Japanese: また粗大ゴミ・特定家庭用機器再商品化法・事業所のゴミは持込みとなっている。
English: An incinerator for non-burnable garbage is used for garbage other than burnable garbage, and as the current site for landfill will become unavailable in a little over ten years, the current issue is to secure a new landfill site.
Japanese: 「燃やすこみ」とされるもの以外は燃やせないタイプの焼却炉であり、現在の埋め立て用地は十数年もすればなくなってしまうため新たな埋め立て用地の確保が問題点となっている。
English: Before the municipal merger in 2005, the Police Station had jurisdiction over three towns of Miwa-cho (Kyoto Prefecture), Oe-cho (Kyoto-Prefecture) and Yakuno-cho collectively, but with the merger, their jurisdiction was limited to only Fukuchiyama City.
Japanese: 2005年の市町村合併以前は、三和町(京都府)、大江町(京都府)、夜久野町と3つの町も同時管轄していたが、合併に伴い現在は福知山市のみの管轄となった。
English: The fire department in Fukuchiyama City is divided into six blocks according to the area, and has twenty-nine subgroups in total.
Japanese: 福知山市の消防団は地域ごとに6つのブロック分けがなされており、その中に計29の分団が存在している。
English: It is not only a commercial center that carries on the traditions of the castle town of Fushimi-jo Castle, but also a commuter town for central Kyoto and Osaka.
Japanese: 伏見城城下町の伝統を受け継ぐ商業拠点である一方、京都市中心部や大阪市方面へのベッドタウンとしての性格をもつ。
English: 532: Emperor Kinmei met HATA no Otsuchi, who had control over Yamashiro Province, in Fukakusa-no-sato Ki-no-kori and appointed him as his right-hand man.
Japanese: 532年（欽明2年）-欽明天皇、山城国一帯に勢力があった秦大津父を紀郡深草里に探し右腕とする
English: 711: HATA no Irogu is said to have founded Fukakusa Inari-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 711年（和銅4年）-秦伊呂具によって深草稲荷神社が創建されるという
English: 1221: The Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army at Jonan-ji Temple in Fushimi under the pretext of holding a horseback archery game to rebel the Shogunate.
Japanese: 1221年（承久3年）-後鳥羽上皇、伏見城南寺に流鏑馬揃えと称し倒幕の兵を上げる
English: 1362 to 1368: Emperor Suko established the Fushiminomiya family, who inherited Fushimi Sanso Mountain Villa for generations from Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Yoshihito.
Japanese: 貞治年間以降、崇光天皇が伏見山荘を伏見宮栄仁親王代々の相伝地とし伏見宮家が創設
English: 1426: Yata-za of Tanba Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh) assumed the post of Gakuto-shiki (right to play sarugaku) of Fushimi Gokogu-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 1426年（応永33年）-丹波猿楽の矢田座が伏見御香宮の楽頭職を得る
English: 1441: Tokusei uprising occurred in Fushimi and other villages around Kyoto which marched on Rakuchu (inside the capital Kyoto) demanding the cancellation of debt.
Japanese: 1441年（嘉吉1年）-伏見など京都近郊の諸村が徳政一揆を起こして洛中に押寄せる
English: 1594: Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI built the foundation of the castle town for Fushimi-jo Castle through urban development and zoning (the distinct features of the castle town can be found today in the place names and hook-shaped roads that still remain in the ward).
Japanese: 1594年（文禄3年）-豊臣秀吉が伏見城の城下町として町割、開発を行ない、町の原型が形作られる（現在も区内に残る地名や鍵状に曲がった道路には城下町の特徴が色濃く表れている）
English: 1600: A fierce battle occurred in the Fushimi-jo Castle, which triggered the Battle of Sekigahara.
Japanese: 1600年（慶長5年）-伏見城にて激戦が行われ炎上、関ヶ原の戦いの火ぶたが切られる
English: 1613: The Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) opened between Kyoto Nijo and Fushimi.
Japanese: 1613年（慶長18年）-京都二条と伏見の間に高瀬川(京都府)が開通する
English: 1698: TATEBE Takuminokami, Fushimi City magistrate permitted the building of 200 Fushimi-bune Ships.
Japanese: 1698年（元禄11年）-伏見奉行・建部内匠頭、伏見舟200艘の新造を許可
English: February 1, 1895: Kyoto Electric Railway--Japan's first commercial electric railway-- opened between a square in front of Kyoto Station (Shichijo) and Fushimi-Shimoaburakake.
Japanese: 1895年（明治28年）2月1日-京都駅前（七条）と伏見下油掛の間で、営業用としては日本初の電車である京都電気鉄道開業。
English: July 18, 1905: The sixteenth Army Division of the now-defunct Imperial Japanese Army was established in Fukakusa.
Japanese: 1905年（明治38年）7月18日-旧大日本帝国陸軍第16師団(日本軍)が深草に置かれる。
English: May 1, 1929: Fushimi-machi, Kii-gun was reorganized as a municipality to become Fushimi City (the city was reorganized on the premise of merging into Kyoto City.)
Japanese: 1929年（昭和4年）5月1日-旧紀伊郡伏見町が市制施行し伏見市が誕生（京都市へ合併前提での市制施行であった）
English: April 1, 1931: Fushimi Ward was founded through a merger of a city, a town, and seven villages--Fushimi City, Fukakusa-cho, Shimotoba-mura, Yokooji-mura, Noso-mura, Horiuchi-mura, Mukaijima-mura, Takeda-mura of Kii-gun, and Daigo-mura of Uji-gun--into Kyoto City.
Japanese: 1931年（昭和6年）4月1日-伏見市、紀伊郡深草町、下鳥羽村、横大路村、納所村、堀内村、向島村、竹田村、宇治郡醍醐村の1市1町7村が京都市と合併し、伏見区が誕生
English: Fushimi Post Office(612-00, 612-08, 612-09, 612-80, 612-81, 612-82, 612-83, 612-84)
Japanese: 伏見郵便局（612-00・-08・-09・-80・-81・-82・-83・-84）
English: Kumiyama Post Office(613-00, 613-08, 613-09)(town names starting with "Yodo")
Japanese: 久御山郵便局（613-00・-08・-09）（伏見区の後に淀○○とつく町名）
English: (from/to Kyoto Station) - Kamitobaguchi Station - Takeda Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Fushimi Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Kintetsu-Tanbabashi Station - Momoyamagoryo-mae Station - Mukaijima Station - (from/to Yamato-Saidaiji Station)
Japanese: （至京都駅）←上鳥羽口駅-竹田駅(京都府)-伏見駅(京都府)-近鉄丹波橋駅-桃山御陵前駅-向島駅→（至大和西大寺駅）
English: (from/to Demachiyanagi Station) - Fushimi-inari Station - Fukakusa Station - Fujinomori Station - Sumizome Station - Tanbabashi Station - Fushimi Momoyama Station - Chushojima Station - Yodo Station - (from/to Yodoyabashi Station)
Japanese: （至出町柳駅）←伏見稲荷駅-深草駅-藤森駅-墨染駅-丹波橋駅-伏見桃山駅-中書島駅-淀駅→（至淀屋橋駅）
English: The city is renowned for its traditional breweries of Sake, Japanese liquor, but manufacturers of advanced electronics and business involved in materials which support this industry can also be found.
Japanese: 伝統的な日本酒の名産地として知られるほか、先進的なエレクトロニクス産業やそれをサポートする資材製造の事業所が見受けられる。
English: Pulse Plaza (Kyoto Trade Fair Center) is located along the Abura-koji-dori (also known as Shinhorikawa-dori) --it is an important site for public relations activities for informing the public of Kyoto's industries and exhibitions are frequently held by a wide variety of industries.
Japanese: 油小路通（通称新堀川通り）にはパルスプラザ（京都府総合見本市会館）があり、様々な業種による見本市や発表会が頻繁に開催されており、京都の産業を対外的にPRする拠点として重視されている。
English: Yoshimurashuzo Co., Ltd., which is said to be a descendent of Yoshimura family--a cultivator of the Fushimi-jo Castle site--moved its headquarters to Shin-onsen-cho, Hyogo Prefecture in 2000.
Japanese: ※伏見城跡を開墾した吉村家の末裔と言われる吉村酒造は、2000年に本拠地を兵庫県新温泉町へ移転。
English: In regions along the Keihan Line, Kintetsu Line, and subway, streets are lined with stores and large retailers which create a lively atmosphere.
Japanese: 京阪沿線・近鉄沿線・地下鉄沿線では商店街や大型店が存在し、おおむね活況を呈しているといえる。
English: Many retail estate agencies that act as intermediates between students and apartment landlords have succeeded due to the large number of students who commute to universities along the railways.
Japanese: 電車通学生が多いことから、アパート仲介など学生相手の商業も盛んである。
English: The National Route 1 and the Shinhorikawa-dori Street are lined with large suburban retail stores, restaurants, and amusement centers.
Japanese: 国道1号線や新堀川通沿いには郊外型の大規模小売店、飲食店や娯楽場が並んでいる。
English: Due to the lack of efficient public transportation, driving to large shopping centers in surrounding areas has become the norm as a result of well developed road service.
Japanese: 公共交通が不便な代わり道路の便は良い方なので、自動車に乗って周辺地域の大型店を利用するスタイルが定着している模様。
English: Fushimi Ward is the most populated of ordinance-designated cities (excluding Tokyo Special Ward) following Kohoku Ward, Yokohama City and Aoba Ward, Yokohama City (Yokohama City).
Japanese: 伏見区は、全国の政令指定都市の中で、横浜市港北区、横浜市青葉区(横浜市)に次いで人口の多い区である（東京特別区を除く）。
English: The Fushimi Ward office has the Fukakusa Branch, the Daigo Branch, the Kamikawa Branch Office, and the Yodo Branch Office; however it has been proposed that the Fukakusa Branch and Daigo Branch be separated from Fushimi Ward.
Japanese: 現在、伏見区には深草支所、醍醐支所、神川出張所、淀出張所があるが、主な分区構想は、このうち深草支所と醍醐支所を伏見区から分離させるものである。
English: However, the populations of both the Fukakusa Branch and the Daigo Branch are less than 100 thousand (still larger than Higashiyama Ward's) and, additionally, the two areas share a geographical border but have not had strong ties on a community level--these lie behind the fact that the separation plan has not gained momentum.
Japanese: しかし、深草支所管内、醍醐支所管内とも人口は10万人にも満たない（それでも東山区よりは人口が多い）ほか、深草支所管内と醍醐支所管内は接してはいるものの地域的な結びつきは希薄であることが、分区の機運が盛り上がらない要因の1つとなっている。
English: Some consider it more reasonable that the area of the Daigo Branch be separated From Fushimi Ward and merged with Yamashina Ward because the area has far closer ties with Yamashina Ward than the central part of Fushimi Ward.
Japanese: 現在の醍醐支所管内は伏見区中心部よりも山科区との結びつきの方が圧倒的に強く、醍醐支所を分離して山科区と併合する方が合理的とする考え方もある。
English: Located in the north west part of Kyoto City, it is the largest ward of all the wards of Kyoto City after merging of the former Keihoku-cho took place (the Sakyo Ward was the largest.)
Japanese: 市内西北部に位置し、旧京北町合併後は京都市の区の中では最大の面積である（それまでは左京区が最大だった）。
English: The southern part of the ward, once an area dotted with villas of imperial families and court nobles, is now mainly a residential area.
Japanese: 区南部は古くは都の皇族や公家の別荘が点在していたが、現在は主として住宅地になっている。
English: Wood from Yamaguni-go (Keihoku Yamaguni and Kuroda area) were once carried downstream by the Katsura-gawa River and landed at Saga or Umezu for transportation to Kyoto.
Japanese: かつては山国郷（京北山国・黒田地区）の木材が桂川を下り、下流の嵯峨・梅津などで陸揚げされて京都に運ばれた。
English: Rivers: Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) (Kamikatsura-gawa River, Hozu-gawa River, Hozu-kyo Gorge), Tenjin-gawa River (Kyoto City), Arisu-gawa River, Yuge-gawa River
Japanese: 河川：桂川(淀川水系)（上桂川、保津川、保津峡）、天神川(京都市)、有栖川、弓削川
English: Almost the entire region is mountainous except the main basins, Shuzan--the former site of Keihoku town office-and Uzu, and the Katsura-gawa River runs as if it connects these basins.
Japanese: 旧京北町の町役場が置かれた周山と宇津が主な盆地だが、その他は山地で、この盆地をつなぐように桂川が流れる。
English: Keihoku was connected with Ukyo Ward by the Shuzan Kaido Road (National Route 162) or the Katsura-gawa River before the merger of Keihoku.
Japanese: 京北は編入前から右京区と周山街道（国道162号）や桂川によって結ばれていた。
English: The region of the present-day Ukyo Ward has a long history; it was once the site of the ancient provincial capital of Yamashiro.
Japanese: 現在の右京区がある地域の歴史は古く、かつてこの地には山城国府が置かれていた。
English: The Hata clan, immigrants, are believed to have played an active role in this region and founded Koryu-ji Temple as their Ujidera, or family temple.
Japanese: 渡来人の秦氏もこの地方を拠点として活躍したと思われ、氏寺として広隆寺を建立した。
English: The Hata clan seems to have a relationship with Prince Shotoku; he was advised to escape to Uzumasa when Yamashiro-no-one was attacked by the Soga clan.
Japanese: 秦氏は聖徳太子とも関わりがあったらしく、のちの山背大兄王が蘇我氏に攻められた際には、彼に太秦に避難するよう進言する者があった。
English: When Emperor Kanmu, who had close ties with the Hata clan, founded a capital in Uda, many temples were founded in present-day Ukyo, due to a ban on building temples in the central Kyo.
Japanese: 秦氏と関係の深い桓武天皇が宇多に新都を定めると、京中に寺の建立が禁止されていたために、現在の右京区域にも多くの寺社が立ち並んだ。
English: Emperor Saga built Saga-rikyu (Imperial villa) (later Daikaku-ji Temple) and many other nobles adopted the area, enjoying themselves in Arashiyma.
Japanese: 嵯峨天皇が嵯峨離宮（後の大覚寺）を建てたりするなど多くの貴族はこの地に馴染み、また嵐山に遊んだ。
English: One such merchant is Ryoi SUMINOKURA in Arashiyama, who had a close connection with the Tokugawa shogunate and built rivers or canals in various areas.
Japanese: その中で嵐山の豪商角倉了以が徳川幕府と結びつき、各地の河川の開削を行った。
English: After national isolation the family continued to have control over transportation in the Katsura-gawa River and established the Suminokura Yakusho Office at every key port of the river lower than the present-day Seki, Nantan City.
Japanese: 鎖国以後も桂川水運の管理を任され、現在の南丹市世木より下流の、桂川の重要な港には角倉役所が置かれた。
English: Using water transportation via the Katsura-gawa River, goods produced in northern Tanba were carried through the Tenjin-gawa River between the delivery ports Arashiyama and Tanba.
Japanese: 桂川の水運は嵐山や梅津を荷揚場とし、天神川を水路として丹波以北からの品物を京都中に運んだ。
English: Yamaguni-go was first seen in the history of Keihoku as a donor of wood for constructing Heian-kyo.
Japanese: 京北地区の歴史としては、平安京造営の際に木材を献上した山国郷が歴史上最初に現れる。
English: This brought about a relationship between the area and the imperial court, leading to the founding of a temple in Yamaguni-go by Emperor Kogon.
Japanese: これが基となって朝廷に縁を持ち、南北朝時代には光厳天皇が山国郷に一寺を開いた。
English: During the age of Sengoku period the local Uzu clan made its own territory in this area but perished in an attack by Mitsuhide AKECHI.
Japanese: 戦国時代には土豪宇津氏が当地に割拠したが、明智光秀の攻撃を受けて滅んだ。
English: Also Yamaguni-tai, which is now famous for its Jidai Matsuri Parade, was formed by local farmers to participate in the imperial army and played an active role in the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: また明治維新の際には時代祭行列で知られる山国隊が当地の農民により編成され、官軍に参加し活躍した。
English: April 1, 1931: The Ukyo Ward was founded through a merger of Saga-cho Kadono-gun, Uzumasa-mura, Hanazono-mura, Sai-mura, Umezu-mura, Kyogoku-mura, Umegahata-mura, Matsuo-mura, Katsura-mura, and Kawaoka-mura with Kyoto City.
Japanese: 1931年（昭和6年）4月1日葛野郡嵯峨町、太秦村、花園村、西院村、梅津村、京極村、梅ヶ畑村、松尾村、桂村、川岡村が京都市に編入、右京区が誕生。
English: October 1, 1976: The Nishikyo Ward was separated from the Ukyo Ward (Matsuo, Katsura, Kawaoka, Oe and Oharano area belonged to Nishikyo Ward.)
Japanese: 1976年（昭和51年）10月1日右京区から西京区が分区（松尾、桂、川岡、大枝、大原野地区は西京区へ）。
English: The Ukyo Ward Office (government complex building) was relocated from a building in front of Uzumasa Koryuji Station to SANSA Ukyo, a complex facility within the Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station of Kyoto Municipal Subway Tozai Line.
Japanese: 右京区役所（総合庁舎）は、太秦広隆寺駅前から、地下鉄東西線太秦天神川駅（駅はすでに開業）併設の建物SANSA右京に移転した。
English: (to/from Shijo-Omiya Station) - Saiin Station - Nishioji Sanjo Station - Yamanouchi Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Randen Tenjingawa Station - Kaikonoyashiro Station - Uzumasa Koryuji Station - Katabiranotsuji - Arisugawa Station - Kurumazakijinja Station - Rokuoin Station - Randen Saga Station - Arashiyama Station (Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd.)
Japanese: （至四条大宮駅）←西院駅-西大路三条駅-山ノ内駅(京都府)-嵐電天神川駅-蚕ノ社駅-太秦広隆寺駅-帷子ノ辻駅-有栖川駅-車折神社駅-鹿王院駅-嵐電嵯峨駅-嵐山駅(京福電気鉄道)
English: Katabiranotsuji Station - Tokiwa Station (Kyoto Prefecture) - Narutaki Station - Utano Station - Omuro-Ninnaji Station - Myoshinji Station - Ryoanji Station - (to/from Kitano Hakubaicho Station)
Japanese: 帷子ノ辻駅-常盤駅(京都府)-鳴滝駅-宇多野駅-御室仁和寺駅-妙心寺駅-龍安寺駅→（至北野白梅町駅）
English: Shuzan Post Office: 601-02xx, 601-03xx, 601-04xx, 601-05xx
Japanese: 周山郵便局-601-02xx、601-03xx、601-04xx、601-05xx
English: It covers the northern part of Yamashina Basin, which lies on the eastern part of Kyoto City, and its surrounding mountainous districts.
Japanese: 京都市の東側にある山科盆地の北部と、周辺の山地を区の範囲としている。
English: Mt. Higashi (Kyoto Prefecture) divides Yamashina from Kyoto Basin, and mountains such as Mt. Otowa (Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto prefecture) and Mt. Daigo (Mt. Kasatori) separate it from Omi Basin.
Japanese: 東山(京都府)により京都盆地から、音羽山(滋賀県・京都府)や醍醐山（笠取山）などにより近江盆地からは隔てられている。
English: Although Yamashina Ward was once a farm village that bordered Shiga Prefecture, it has become a commuter town for downtown Kyoto and Osaka City and is populated by many residents who moved in from other regions.
Japanese: かつては滋賀県との境の農村だったが、現在は京都市街地や大阪市のベッドタウンとなり、他地域からの移入者も多い。
English: The southern part borders on the Fushimi Ward Daigo area, which shares the same life and economic zones with Yamashina Ward.
Japanese: また、南側は伏見区醍醐地区と接しており、山科区と同一の生活圏や経済圏を形成している。
English: The relationship between Yamashina Ward and Daigo area is said to be deeper than that between the central Fushimi Ward and the Daigo area.
Japanese: 山科区と醍醐地区との繋がりは、伏見区中心部と醍醐地区の繋がりよりも深いと言われる。
English: Since ancient times Yamashina has always had a sizable amount of traffic, and the Hinooka-toge mountain pass over Mt.Higashi as well as the Osaka no Seki checking station toward the Otsu-juku Station are known as crossroads of the Tokaido Road.
Japanese: 山科周辺は古くから交通が盛んであり、東山を越える日ノ岡峠、大津宿へ抜ける逢坂関が東海道の要所として知られていた。
English: There were many roads that passed through the city: the Nara Kaido Road that extended south from Osaka (the Hokurikudo Road when Nara was capital), the Shibuya Kaido Road that crossed Mt. Higashi south of Hinooka (linking eastern regions with Rokuhara Tandai (the Kamakura Shogun's Kyoto Agent)), present-day the Kajuji Imagumano Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 118, and Oiwa Kaido Road.
Japanese: また、逢坂から南へ抜ける奈良街道（奈良に都があった頃の北陸道）、東山を日ノ岡の南で越える渋谷街道（東国と六波羅探題を結んだ）や京都府道118号勧修寺今熊野線、大岩街道など数多くの街道があった。
English: Ruins of a large scale settlement in the Yayoi period were found in a plateau of Kurisuno, showing people had lived there since the Jomon period.
Japanese: 栗栖野の台地には縄文時代から人が住み弥生時代の大規模な集落跡も見つかっている。
English: Nakatomi ruin is most important because it has several sites from the period during the late Old Stone Age (Japan) through the Muromachi period.
Japanese: 特に旧石器時代(日本)後期から室町時代にかけての遺跡が重なっている中臣遺跡は重要な遺跡である。
English: Since ancient times Yamashina has had a close relation with governments; a garden for monks (Yamashina-dera Temple) was founded by NAKATOMI no Kamatari in 669 and the Imperial mausoleum of Emperor Tenji (Tenchi) was built in the late seventh century.
Japanese: 山科は古代より政権との結びつきが深く、669年には中臣鎌足によって精舎（山階寺）が作られ、7世紀末には天智天皇陵などが作られた。
English: After Heian-kyo and Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple had been built, many temples such as Ansho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) (in 848), Bishamon-do, Kaju-ji Temple (in 900), and Mandara-ji Temple (later Zuishin-in Temple, in 991) were built, and Daigo-ji Temple (in 874) were founded on and at the base of the Mt. Daigo and Mt. Kasatori along the lower Yamashina River outside the ward.
Japanese: 平安京や比叡山延暦寺の創建後、安祥寺(京都市)（848年）・毘沙門堂・勧修寺（900年）・曼荼羅寺（後の随心院、991年）など多くの寺院が作られ、区外の山科川下流の醍醐・笠取山の山上・山麓には醍醐寺（874年）が創建されている。
English: During the Middle Ages there was a Shoen, or a manor named 'Yamashina no sho,' which had been owned by a noble family for generations, later named Yamashina family, but Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1548 deprived it from Tokitsugu YAMASHINA known as a richly cultured person representing the Sengoku period (Japan).
Japanese: 中世には「山科荘」（やましなのしょう）という荘園があり、これを代々保持していた公家の一流は後に山科家と名乗っていたが、戦国時代_(日本)を代表する教養人として知られた山科言継の代の1548年に室町幕府によってこれを奪われている。
English: Since Yamashina Hongwan-ji Temple was founded by Rennyo in 1478 of the late Muromachi period, temples and their precinct towns surrounded by long earthworks started to occupy a large area of the Yamashina Basin.
Japanese: 室町時代後期の1478年に蓮如によって山科本願寺が建てられ、長大な土塁に囲まれた寺院群と寺内町が山科盆地の大きな面積を占めるようになった。
English: However Harumoto HOSOKAWA, fearing the presence of Hongwan-ji Temple--as if it had been a walled town--and strength of its followers, joined hands with the Nichiren sect, who held power over the entire Kyoto City, and attempted to attack the Ikko-shu sect.
Japanese: しかし城郭都市のようになった本願寺の存在と門徒たちの勢いを恐れた細川晴元は、京都市内をほぼ勢力下に置いた日蓮宗徒らと結託して一向宗に打撃を加えようとした。
English: In 1532, the Nichiren sect followers destroyed and burned Yamashina Hongwan-ji Temple in the Tenbun-hokke Rebellion.
Japanese: 1532年の天文法華の乱では日蓮宗徒たちは山科本願寺を陥落させ焼き討ちした。
English: Yamashina Hongwan-ji Temple fell into ruins with only a high earthwork remaining in the Ward today.
Japanese: 山科本願寺は廃墟と化したが、今も高い土塁の跡が区内各地に残存している。
English: During the Edo period, Yamashina, Shinomiya, and Higechaya-oiwake (present day Oiwake, Otsu City) constituted a town along the Tokaido Road (it is now called Old Kaido Road or Old Sanjo-dori Street after the opening the Sanjo-dori Street), where there were many travelers including express messengers and parades by daimyos who would alternate their Edo residence.
Japanese: 江戸時代は山科や四宮、そして髭茶屋追分（現在の大津市追分）までが東海道(三条通の開通に伴い、今は旧街道・旧三条通り等と呼ばれる)の街道筋として一続きの町となり、飛脚や参勤交代をはじめ多くの人々が行き交った。
English: The Fushimi Kaido Road (Otsu Kaido Road)--a route extending from Higechaya-oiwake and connecting the Otsu-juku Station and Fushimi-juku Station as well as Osaka without passing through Kyoto--ran south of Yamashina Basin.
Japanese: 髭茶屋追分からは京都を通らず大津宿と伏見宿、大坂を直接つなぐ伏見街道（大津街道）が山科盆地を南へ走っていた。
English: It also served as an Imperial estate for cultivating food to supply farm products to the Emperor living in Kyoto and as a suburban farmland to supply citizens of Kyoto City with vegetables.
Japanese: また京都に住む天皇のため禁裏御料地として宮中に献上する作物を栽培したほか、近郊農村として京都の市民に野菜などを供給した。
English: Furthermore Kuranosuke OISHI had lived in Nishino, on the western edge of the Yamashina Ward, and kept everyone deceived by visiting Gion every day through Mt. Higashi until he carried out his revenge.
Japanese: また大石内蔵助は山科区の西の端にあたる西野に住み、仇討ちまでの間、夜毎東山を越えて祇園に通いながら世間の目を欺いていた。
English: In and after the Meiji period, the Lake Biwa Canal, the Tokaido Main Line, and the Keihan Keishin Line were built in Yamashina, and the Keishin National Route (later the National Route 1 and now the Sanjo-dori Street) opened in 1933..
Japanese: 明治以降、琵琶湖疏水や東海道本線、京阪京津線などが山科を通り、1933年に京津国道（後の国道1号、現在の三条通）が開通した。
English: In and after the Taisho and Showa periods, it flourished as a residential suburb and industrial area after fibers and dyeing related plants were built.
Japanese: 大正から昭和にかけては繊維・染色関係の工場が建つなど、京都の郊外住宅・工業地として栄えた。
English: In particular, a big plant of Nihon (Nippon) Kenpu (Japan Silk Cloth) was built in Nishino in 1921 and became Kanebo Yamashina Plant the next year as a result of a merger.
Japanese: 特に大きな工場は、1921年に西野にできた日本絹布であり、翌年鐘紡に吸収されその山科工場となった。
English: In the neighborhood, markets and movie theaters were built targeting many female workers who lived near the plant, contributing to the urbanization of the area surrounding Yamashina Station.
Japanese: 多くの女工が周囲に住み、近隣には市場や映画館もできるなど山科駅周辺の市街地化に貢献した。
English: (The Yamashina Plant was relocated to Nagahama in 1970 and Yamashina housing complex was built on the vacant site.)
Japanese: （山科工場は1970年に長浜に移転し、跡地は山科団地となっている。）
English: Yamashina also developed as a leisure area in the suburb of Kyoto, as leisure facilities such as a golf course, dance hall, and a high-class Japanese restaurant were built.
Japanese: 又、京都郊外のレジャー地区としてゴルフ場、ダンスホール、料亭なども開設されている。
English: It was merged into Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City in 1931, when residences and plants were found only mainly along the Tokaido Road and near Yamashina Station; the remaining areas were mostly suburban farmlands.
Japanese: 1931年に京都市東山区に編入されたが、この時点では住宅や工場は東海道沿いと山科駅周辺に集中しておりその他は竹やぶの散在する近郊農村だった。
English: After the war, the Kyoto Higashi Interchange of the Meishin Expressway, the Gojo By-pass, (present-day National Route 1), Kyoto Outer Loop Expressway, and the Kosai Line leading to Tsuruga, were constructed.
Japanese: 戦後は、名神高速道路の京都東インターチェンジや五条バイパス（現在の国道1号線）、区内の京都外環状線、敦賀市へ向かう湖西線が開通している。
English: In and after the high-growth period, the farmlands were steadily turned into lands for housing, in particular housing complexes, making it a commuter town for Kyoto and Osaka.
Japanese: 高度経済成長以降は盆地内の農地の宅地化が進み、大型団地が建つなど京都や大阪のベッドタウンとなった。
English: However, the development of roads did not catch up with the development of housing lands, which may be the cause of chronic traffic congestion in many areas within the ward today.
Japanese: ただし、この際に道路整備が追い付かなかった事が、区内各所での渋滞が慢性化している原因にもなっている。
English: In recent years, the traffic network has further improved with the development of the Kosai Road and the opening of Kyoto Municipal Subway Tozai Line which runs from central Kyoto, passes through the foot of Hinooka, and traverses Yamashina Ward southward.
Japanese: 近年は湖西道路や、京都市中心部から日ノ岡の下を通り山科区を南に縦断する京都市営地下鉄東西線が開通するなど更なる交通網の整備が進んだ。