nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to "Daigo zojiki" (Records of the History of Daigo-ji Temple), 'hundreds of millions of' excited people gathered, in addition to one thousand monks.
Japanese: ほかにも、千人の僧侶と、そして『醍醐雑事記』には「その数幾万億を知らず」ともかかれるほどの熱狂した大群集が集ったのだった。
English: Since it started raining heavily on this day, many of the nobles went home in the middle of the ceremony while the common people flocked to the very long 'strings of good' seven-cho (approximately 763.63m) in length, which were tied to the ceremony brush, in order to form a relationship with the Great Buddha.
Japanese: この日は儀式の最中に大雨となり、貴族の中には途中で帰ってしまった者が多くいたが、一方民衆は、大仏の縁にすがろうと、開眼の筆に結び付けられていた七町ものながいながい「善の綱」に群がった。
English: In addition, there was a woman who cut off her hair on the spot to become a nun, and a man who threw a sword on the stage.
Japanese: また、その場で髪を落として出家する女や、舞台に刀剣を投げるものもでた。
English: MINAMOTO no Masayori expressed this excessive frenzy negatively, saying that he could never regard this ceremony as an official event organized by the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 源雅頼はこれを、とても公事とは思えない、とその度を過ぎた熱狂ぶりを悪し様に表現している。
English: The second period was from 1185 to 1195.
Japanese: 第二期は、文治元年（1185年）から建久6年（1195年）までである。
English: For the Great Buddha Hall, the framework raising ceremony was held in 1190 and the Buddhist service was performed in 1195.
Japanese: 建久元年（1190年）、大仏殿の上棟式が、建久6年、大仏殿の供養が行われた。
English: Thus, the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha was finished, but this was not the end of the reconstruction plan.
Japanese: こうして開眼供養は終ったのだが、もちろん、これで復興計画が終ったわけではない。
English: There were still hard projects to rebuild temple buildings including the Great Buddha Hall, as well as to repair Buddha statues.
Japanese: まだ、大仏殿をはじめとする堂舎や仏像の修築修造という難事業が残っている。
English: In addition to a big one of confrontation between Cloistered Emperor and Yoritomo over treatment of Yoshitune, there were some others such as Kanezane's assumption of the post of regent, deaths of Gyohen and Gyoko (行隆), as well as dismissal of Takamoto.
Japanese: 大きなものでは、義経への対応をめぐる法皇と頼朝の対立があったし、また兼実の摂政への就任、行遍や行隆の死去、隆職の解任もあった。
English: Kanezane, who was eager to reconstruct Todai-ji Temple, became a key person in the national government, which also worked favorably for Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 兼実は東大寺再建に熱心なのだから、国政の中心人物になったことは、東大寺にいいこともある。
English: However, Kanezae, who became head of the Fujiwara clan at the same time, had to put much effort into reconstructing Hojo-ji and To-ji Temples with a focus on Kofuku-ji Temple built by his clan.
Japanese: しかし、同時に兼実が藤氏長者となったことで、氏寺である興福寺を中心に法成寺や東寺の再建にもより力を注がなければならなくなった。
English: To break through this stagnant situation, Chogen visited Ise Shrine with his colleagues to transcribe the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra for the service, to skim through the sutra aloud and show their dedication.
Japanese: この状況を打破するために、重源は伊勢に参り、一団を引きつれ、大般若経の書写、転読供養と奉納を行った。
English: Fumihiko Gomi points out that this is because Chogen needed help from the god in Ise to get through the difficulty of soliciting for contributions, being influenced by Banna, a powerful fund-raising priest, in addition to the aim to attract more attention to Todai-ji Temple from the eastern provinces and the Imperial Court.
Japanese: これは、五味文彦により、当時有力な勧進僧であった鑁阿の影響を受けて、勧進という困難の完遂に伊勢の神のたすけを必要としたこと、東国や朝廷に、東大寺への注目をより集めることが目的であったことが指摘されている。
English: In Iga Province, the mountains owned by Todai-ji Temple were devastated since all available trees had been cut down.
Japanese: 東大寺の杣があった伊賀国では、すでに伐採しつくし、山は荒れ果てていた。
English: Accordingly, looking for quality wood, Chogen already visited Yoshino and Ise only to fail in fulfilling his mission.
Japanese: それでこれまでに重源は、良質な材木を求めて吉野や伊勢に赴いたけれども、ここでも充分に用は果たせなかった。
English: Since the Imperial Court permitted to exempt Suo Province from taxes imposed on its earnings, all available sources, in addition to wood, were dedicated to Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 材以外にも、周防国の収益は、朝廷が済物の免除を許可したことで、東大寺造営に全てが捧げられた。
English: At that time, the people in Suo Province were suffering famine under the devastation caused by a series of wars, which finally ended.
Japanese: このときの周防国は、重なる戦乱は終ったものの、その被害からの復旧もままならず、民衆は飢餓に苦しんでいた。
English: In addition, it was also a big task to obtain aide from local powers in Suo Province, where local bureaucrats and influential families owned manors, which had been the estates possessed by the national government offices, while the estate managers dispatched by the bakufu had great power.
Japanese: また、在庁官人や元国衙領で権門が所有する荘園、幕府派遣の地頭の力が強く、いかにこれら在地勢力の助力を得られるかも大きな課題だった。
English: Chogen also built a branch temple there (Suo-bessho, of which the temple name was Amida-ji [Hofu City]) as a management base to start activities.
Japanese: 重源は、この地にも別所（周防別所、寺号は阿弥陀寺(防府市)）を建立してこれを経営の拠点とし、活動を開始した。
English: Chogen transported cut-down trees by utilizing pulleys and rafts while creating civil infrastructures by clearing paths and installing weirs ("Todai-ji zoryu kuyoki" [Records of the Service to Celebrate the Construction of Todai-ji Temple]).
Japanese: 重源は、道を切開き川に堰を設けるなど社会基盤を整備しつつ、轆轤や筏の工夫で伐採し運び出した（『東大寺造立供養記』）。
English: For these activities, it was not easy to secure a labor force, which annoyed Chogen.
Japanese: そのとき、なかなか人手が集まらなかったのは、重源の悩みの種であった。
English: Although there were some like-minded vassals such as Takatsuna SASAKI, it seemed impossible to complete the project without imposing levies or labor service on households.
Japanese: 佐々木高綱など、個人的な御家人の同信はいたものの、やはり、家々に課役せねば、事業は成し遂げられそうにもなかった。
English: In 1187, FUJIWARA no Yukitaka, director for construction of Todai-ji Temple, died so that even hemp ropes to pull wood ran short.
Japanese: 文治三年には造東大寺長官の藤原行隆が死んだために、材を引く麻苧の綱も不足した。
English: Although Sadanaga was not as eager to renovate Todai-ji Temple as Yukitaka was, he was an appropriate person to obtain support from the Imperial Court and the bakufu as its director.
Japanese: 定長は行隆のようには東大寺再興に熱心ではなかったものの、その役割上、朝廷や幕府への協力を取付けるのは適任だった。
English: However, Yoritomo was unwilling to call out vassals in the western provinces so that Chogen had to depend on the vassals who voluntarily offered their assistance, including Takatsuna.
Japanese: ただ、頼朝は西国の御家人についてはこれを動員することに消極的であり、重源は御家人に対しては、高綱など、自ら協力を申し出てくれる有志に頼むしかなかった。
English: This hill had been functioning as a scaffold for workers and a support for the Great Buddha since its creation in 827 for repair work.
Japanese: この後山は、天長4年（827年）、大仏を修理したおりに築かれたもので、足場と、大仏の支えにもなっていた。
English: However, Chogen had been requesting removal of the ugly-looking hill covering the back of the Great Buddha, which hindered the repair of the halo including condition checks.
Japanese: が、見栄えの問題と、大仏の背面が隠れ、状態がわからないこと、光背の修築に邪魔なことから、重源から撤去が望まれていた。
English: Concerned that the Great Buddha might collapse by losing its support, the Imperial Court opposed the removal, but Chogen resorted to force, using his position to take the lead in the repair work.
Japanese: 朝廷は大仏が支えを失い崩れることを懸念して反対していたが、重源は、実際に修理にあたる立場を利用して実力行使したのである。
English: In these days, the Great Buddha Hall construction work began to proceed smoothly with full financial support from the eastern provinces led by Takatsuna.
Japanese: このころから高綱を中心に勧進への東国の支援の態勢も整い、大仏殿の工事はすすんでいった。
English: In 1193, Harima and Bizen were designated as the provinces to bear the expenses required for reconstruction of To-ji and Toda-ji Temples, for which Mongaku had been soliciting for contributions.
Japanese: 翌建久4年、播磨、備前両国が、文覚が復興の勧進に当たっていた東寺と東大寺の造営料国になった。
English: In Oobe no Sho (manor) of Harima Province, a branch temple (later Jodo-ji Temple in Ono City) was built while Chogen directly controlled Bizen Province, exercising the usufruct.
Japanese: 播磨国大部荘には別所（後の浄土寺(小野市)）を建立し、備前国は、重源が直接知行することとなった。
English: Chogen restored order and built temples ("Namu Amidabutsu sazenshu" [A Collection of Good Deeds by Namu Amidabutsu (Chogen)]), and the financial resources of the two provinces with a focus on Bizen were put into the restoration of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 重源は、治安の回復や寺院建造をし（『南無阿弥陀仏作善集』）、備前国を中心とする両国の財力は、東大寺の復興につぎこまれた。
English: In addition to the Great Buddha Hall, renovation for other facilities also proceeded further, and in 1194 the halo was produced by the masters of the In school led by Inson.
Japanese: 大仏殿以外の修造もすすみ、建久5年には院尊を中心とする院派によって光背がつくられた。
English: Like the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha conducted before, it rained so heavily on this day that the ceremony was shortened.
Japanese: この日は、さきの大仏開眼供養と同じく、大雨となり、儀式は省略して行われた。
English: To prevent the disorder caused in the previous ceremony, Kanezane prohibited commoners from entering the site, which resulted in calm and smooth progress.
Japanese: また、さきの供養のような混乱を避けるべく、兼実によって雑人の立入りは禁じられ、そのために静かに進行していった。
English: The rank Great Osho was granted to Chogen following the Jianzhen case, and the rank Hogen to Unkei, sculptor of Buddhist statues while CHIN Wakei received a prize from Yoritomo.
Japanese: 重源は、鑑真の例にならって大和尚、仏師の運慶には法眼の僧位が、陳和卿には頼朝からも賞品を授けられた。
English: The third period was from 1195 to 1203.
Japanese: 第三期は、建久6年（1195年）から建仁3年（1203年）までである。
English: At this time, constructed were the Nandai-mon Gate with a Nio statue sculptured by masters of the Kei school put inside, in addition to Tamukeyama Hachimangu Shrine and its principal image, the statue of Hachiman (God of War).
Japanese: この時期に、南大門と、その中に納められた慶派が腕をふるった仁王像、手向山八幡宮、その本尊となった八幡神像などが造られた。
English: On January 10, 1204, the general service was performed with Emperor Tsuchimikado attending.
Japanese: そして建仁3年11月30日、総供養が行われ、これには土御門天皇も参加した。
English: The restoration project went on even after the death of Chogen, and the post of great fund raiser was transferred from Chogen to Eisai and Gyoyu TAIKO.
Japanese: 重源死去以降も、復興事業は続けられ、その後大勧進の職は重源から栄西、退耕行勇へと移っていった。
English: As Eisai put much effort into reconstruction of the nine-story pagoda of Hossho-ji Temple, which was destroyed due to a stroke of lightning in 1208, it was Gyoyu, the third great fund raiser, that worked hard for Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 栄西は承元2年（1208年）に落雷によって失われた法勝寺九重塔の再建にかかりきりだったため、東大寺への重要な働きをしたのは、三代目大勧進の行勇であった。
English: Although Eisai was a powerful monk, on whom Emperor Gotoba relied, Eisai's assumption of the post as great fund raiser (in office from 1206 to 1215) brought hardship to Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 栄西は後鳥羽天皇の信頼を得た、力を持った僧であったが、この栄西が大勧進に就いた（在任、建永元年（1206年）-建保3年（1215年））ことが、東大寺に苦境をもたらした。
English: At that time, Eisai was also putting effort into the reconstruction of the nine-story pagoda of Hossho-ji as a praying temple, which resulted in receiving much support from the Imperial Court for Hossho-ji Temple.
Japanese: このころ栄西は、護願寺であった法勝寺の九重塔の再建にも同時にあたっており、朝廷の助力もそちらに大きく向けられた。
English: To the contrary, Suo Province, which had been obtained as a key financial source during the Chogen era, was taken away to provide for Hossho-ji Temple.
Japanese: それどころか、重源の折に得た周防国という重要な財源も取上げられた上、法勝寺に振分けれられる始末だった。
English: It was Gyoyu, the third great fund raiser (in office from 1215 to 1241), that saved Todai-ji Temple facing hardship.
Japanese: この苦難は、第三代の大勧進、行勇（在任、建保3年（1215年）-仁治2年（1241年））が救うこととなる。
English: In February 1362, the east tower and a branch temple named Shingon-in were destroyed by the strike of lightning while Kaidan-in and the lecture hall were destroyed by fire in February 1446 and in 1508 respectively.
Japanese: 康安2年（1362年）正月の雷によって東塔と子院の真言院が、文安3年（1446年）正月に戒壇院が、永正5年（1508年）に講堂が、それぞれ火災の被害にあっている。
English: In 1567, the Miyoshi triumvirate (Nagayuki MIYOSHI, Masayasu MIYOSHI and Tomomichi IWANARI) fought against Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and locked themselves together with Junkei TSUTSUI in the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 永禄十年（1567年）、三好三人衆（三好長逸、三好政康、岩成友通）は、筒井順慶とともに松永久秀と戦い、東大寺大仏殿に立てこもった。
English: As a result of a series of batt;es with fire from Mt. Tamon and fire set by Hisahide on November 20, 1567, many religious facilities in Nanto were destroyed by fire, including Hannya-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple and its subtemples, as well as catastrophically damaging Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: この多聞山からの火、また、10月10日の久秀の焼き討ちもあって、一連の戦闘の結果、南都は般若寺、興福寺やその塔頭なども焼失したが、東大寺の被害もまた大きかった。
English: Kaidan-in, the Jodo-do Hall, the Chumon Hall, Tozen-in, the Great Buddha Hall and many other facilities burned down, and the number of lost temple buildings exceeded that of remaining ones.
Japanese: 戒壇院、浄土堂、中門堂、唐禅院、それに大仏殿などが焼け、残った堂宇の方が少ないほどだった。
English: Doan YAMADA, who was a ruling family in Yamabe County, Yamato Province, was one of the people who took action for the Great Buddha placed in such a devastating condition.
Japanese: 大和国山辺郡の土豪であった山田道安は、そんな大仏の惨状を見て、立ちあがったひとりである。
English: In 1568, Doan started repairing the head of the Great Buddha and finished in 1572.
Japanese: 翌永禄11年、道安は仏頭の修繕をはじめ、元亀3年（1572年）に終えている。
English: In 1568, Seigyoku, the chief priest of Amida-ji Temple located on the west bank of the Hori River in Rakuhoku, solicited for contribution, receiving a letter of the emperor's order.
Japanese: 永禄11年（1568年）、洛北、堀川の西岸にあった阿弥陀寺の住職であった清玉は、綸旨あって勧進をおこなった。
English: In addition to Seigyoku's solicitation, Nobunaga ODA, Hisahide MATSUNAGA and Nagayuki MIYOSHI also offered assistance, but things did not progress smoothly.
Japanese: これに、織田信長や松永久秀、三好長逸も援助をしたが、戦乱の大混乱もあって、なかなか事はすすまなかった。
English: As features of this solicitation, Yoshihiko AMINO points out a strong dependence on support from daimyo (Japanese feudal lords).
Japanese: この勧進の特徴として網野善彦は、大名の援助に依存する面の強いことをあげている。
English: Solicitation in the medieval period gives the strong impression that it depended on religious devotion of the common people and fund raisers wandering from place to place as social activities.
Japanese: 中世の勧進といえば、遍歴性が高く、社会活動を伴って、庶民の信仰に頼るもの、という印象が強い。
English: However, from the Warring States period to the Azuchi Momoyama period, fund-raising priests were apt to be called 'gannin bozu' by using the discriminatory term for humiliation.
Japanese: が、戦国時代から安土桃山時代、勧進聖は「がんにん坊主」などと呼ばれ、貶められ差別を受ける傾向にあった。
English: The solicitation by Seigyoku represents the feature of the times, which is pointed out by Amino, that the philosophy of 'muen' (to break off the relationship with the outside world) diminished.
Japanese: この清玉の勧進はその、網野の説く、「無縁」の原理の薄れていった時代を象徴しているといえる。
English: It was the Kyoto City Magistrate that placed the Nara Magistrate established in the city of Nara in the Edo period under its control.
Japanese: 江戸時代、奈良の町に、奈良奉行ができたが、この奈良奉行を支配下としたのが、京都町奉行だった。
English: The Kyoto City Magistrate controlled Nara's administration and justice by issuing commands while the Nara Magistrate was in charge of temples and shrines having domains authorized by the bakufu.
Japanese: 京都町奉行の命令は、奈良の行政、司法を差配し、奈良奉行が受け持ったのは、朱印地を持つ寺社であった。
English: Then, in 1685, he started soliciting contributions focusing on large cities such as Edo, Kyo, and Osaka with authorization from the bakufu.
Japanese: そして貞享元年（1686年）、幕府の認可をもって、江戸、京、大坂の大都市を中心に勧進をしはじめた。
English: Working hard at Choju-in Temple as the base in Edo and at Ryusho-in as the base branch temple founded by himself on the precincts of Todai-ji Temple, Kokei completed renovation of the Great Buddha's head in 1690 and Hachiman-gu Shrine (Tamukeyama Hachiman-gu Shrine) of Todai-ji Temple in 1691.
Japanese: 江戸では長寿院を、東大寺では自ら創建した子院の竜松院を拠点とし、元禄3年に大仏の頭を、元禄4年には東大寺八幡宮（手向山八幡宮）の修造がなった。
English: Although the repair of the Great Buddha Hall was not completed, the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha was temporarily performed in celebration of the reconstructed Great Buddha in 1692.
Japanese: 大仏殿の修復は未完であったものの、元禄5年に、大仏再建をもってとりあえずの開眼供養をした。
English: Cloistered Imperial Prince Saishin, the administrator of the Temple, was the priest leading the consecration ceremony, and Cloistered Imperial Prince Shinkei, the chief priest of Ichijo-in of Kokuji Temple, who cooperated in solicitation, was the priest leading the service while Dojo (道恕), a chief priest of the Kegon sect and the chief of Sonsho-in Temple, served as ceremony leader on the day when the wish came true.
Japanese: 開眼導師は別当の済深法親王が、供養の導師は勧進に協力的であった興福寺一乗院門跡の真敬法親王が、結願日の導師は華厳長吏で尊勝院主の道恕が務めた。
English: From various districts, many people came to Nara for the ceremony held at Todai-ji Temple, where a wide variety of treasures stored in Shoso-in Treasure Repository were displayed.
Japanese: 供養には諸国から多くの民衆が結集し、多数の正倉院蔵の宝物が陳列された。
English: Nara was so crowded with people visiting also Gango-ji Temple, Jigen-ji Temple, Yakushi-ji Temple, Toshodai-ji Temple and Akishino-dera Temple, where treasures were also exhibited.
Japanese: また同じく奈良の元興寺や璉城寺、慈眼寺、薬師寺、唐招提寺、秋篠寺なども宝物を開陳したため、大いに賑わった。
English: "Daibutsuden saiken ki" (Records of Reconstruction of the Great Buddha) says that the number of people who gathered for this ceremony was more than 200,000.
Japanese: 『大仏殿再建記』には、この時集った民の数を二十万人以上と伝えている。
English: By utilizing connections with Takamitsu, with whom he got acquainted, Kokei was able to obtain support from Keisho-in and her son, Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 公慶は、知り合った隆光のつてを頼って、桂昌院とその子、将軍徳川綱吉の支持を得ることができた。
English: Although the bakufu required Kokei to reduce the size of the Great Buddha Hall from eleven ken (approx. twenty m) to nine ken (approx. sixteen m), they were willingly to offer support.
Japanese: 幕府は公慶に大仏殿を11間から9間に縮小する計画をのませたものの、協力は惜しまなかった。
English: The bakufu provided large amounts of gold and silver for Todai-ji Temple, and requested feudal lords to offer human and financial resources.
Japanese: 多くの金銀を東大寺に送り、また、諸大名に人員や金銭の供出を呼び掛けた。
English: In 1696, the system was reinforced by appointing Morimasa UCHIDA to the Nara City Magistrate and Yoriyasu TSUMAKI as a person in charge of Todai-ji Temple for control by two supervisors.
Japanese: また、元禄9年からは、奈良町奉行を内田守政と、東大寺の担当に妻木頼保を任じて、二人体制に増強した。
English: In the precincts of Todai-ji Temple, Kokei proceeded with repair of Nenbutsu-do Hall, reconstruction of Tonan-in and construction of Tosho-gu Shrine (now Tenno-den) while he visited Suo Province to construct Shunjo-in in memory of Chogen, whom he admired.
Japanese: 東大寺境内では念仏堂の修理、東南院の再建、東照宮（今の天皇殿）、周防国にも行って、慕っていた重源の記念のために、俊乗院を建造した。
English: In 1703, for decorative beams of the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji Temple, which had been a pending issue, the wood cut down on the mountainside of Mt. Kirishima in Hyuga Province was transported to the Temple with difficulty, taking much time until 1704.
Japanese: 元禄16年には懸案の東大寺大仏殿虹梁を日向国の霧島山山腹より切り出し、宝永元年までかけて苦労して運び入れた。
English: When Kokei died in 1705, a funeral service was performed with all monks of the Temple attending, and his disciples of Kinmori, Kintoshi and Yokun (庸訓) assumed the post of fund raiser.
Japanese: 公慶は、宝永2年に死去、全寺をあげて葬儀を行い、勧進役は弟子の公盛、公俊、庸訓が継いだ。
English: In 1709, a general service was performed at Todai-ji Temple in celebration of its reconstruction completed by Kokei and his disciples on a large scale.
Japanese: 宝永6年、東大寺総供養が行われ、公慶やその弟子によりなった東大寺再建が盛大に祝われた。
English: In the Meiji Restoration, the new government formulated a policy causing an anti-Buddhist movement, which further deteriorated the management of Todai-ji Temple.
Japanese: 明治維新を迎え、新政府の政策によって、廃仏毀釈の風潮が生まれ、東大寺の経営はいよいよ苦しくなった。
English: The post of great fund raiser for Todai-ji Temple and Tonan-in Temple were also lost, and Shoso-in Treasure Repository was put under the control of the national government.
Japanese: 東大寺大勧進職も東南院もなくなり、正倉院も国の管理するところと成った。
English: Todai-ji Temple, which had belonged to the Jodo sect since 1868, became independent as the head temple of the Kegon sect in 1886.
Japanese: 明治元年（1868年）から浄土宗に属していた東大寺は、明治19年（1886年）、一宗を持ち、華厳宗の大本山となった。
English: In 1896, Todai-ji Temple Library was established, and the foundation of Kangaku-in (Todai-ji) was approved.
Japanese: 明治29年、東大寺図書館を設立、勧学院(東大寺)開設の認可もされた。
English: Kangaku-in, which scholar monks not only from the Kegon sect, but also from a variety of sects visit as instructors and learners, becomes an educational institution appropriate for learning the eight sects of Buddhism.
Japanese: 勧学院は、華厳宗に限らず様々な宗派の学僧が、講師受講生として訪れ、まさに八宗兼学の場にふさわしい学舎となっている。
English: In fact, the design of the Great Buddha Hall reconstructed in the Edo period was not proper so that the hall had been remarkably damaged.
Japanese: 実は、江戸時代に再建された大仏殿の設計には狂いがあって、ごまかしきれない壊れがでてくるまでになってきた。
English: For this major repair, solicitations for contributions were smoothly permitted by the national government owing to much effort made by the two administrators of the Temple, Senkai KOSAKA (鼓坂荐海) and Hideki SUGANUMA, and then the project proceeded.
Japanese: この大修理には、鼓坂荐海、菅沼英樹両別当の尽力もあって、勧進の許可を政府から受け、計画は進められた。
English: With Western ironsmith techniques introduced, this big project, which totaled to 720,000 yen in the end, took seven years to finish.
Japanese: 最終的に総工費72万円となった大工事は、西洋の鉄工技術もとりいれられ、七年もの歳月をかけて行われた。
English: After being managed by the Ministry of Interior, the Local Finance Bureaus of the Ministry of Treasury, and then the Nara Prefectural Government, the precinct land, which was reduced to one fifths of its original space, was sold to Todai-ji Temple in 1951.
Japanese: 内務省、大蔵省財務局から奈良県の管轄となっていた境内地は、昭和26年に元の面積の五分の一ではあるが、払い下げられた。
English: This repair was implemented for the hall, where wind and rain damages accumulated from the Taisho period.
Japanese: 大正以来の大仏殿に対する風雨の被害が積もりに積もり、行われたものである。
English: Accordingly, this major repair, which focused on the large roof, totaling more than 3.4 billion yen, taking seven years from 1973.
Japanese: そのためこの修理は、大屋根を中心に、1973年（昭和48年）から7年、34億円以上もかけて行われた大規模なものになった。
English: In addition, the statues of Kongo Rikishi placed in the Nandai-mon Gate, which were overhauled from 1989 to 1994, unveiled the new facts about the statues.
Japanese: また、1989年（平成元年）から1994年（平成5年）にあった南大門金剛力士像の解体修理では、金剛力士像に関する様々な謎が解明されることとなった。
English: 1120-Kanzeon-ji Temple in Dazaifu became a branch temple of Todai-ji.
Japanese: 保安(元号)1年（1120年）-大宰府の観世音寺、東大寺の末寺となる。
English: 1567-Todai-ji Temple, including the Great Buddha and its hall, was ctastrophically damaged due to warrior clashes at the Great Buddha Hall.
Japanese: 永禄10年（1567年）-東大寺大仏殿の戦い、大仏殿や大仏など東大寺大被害
English: The historical materials required for deep understanding of the history of Todai-ji Temple are as follows.
Japanese: 東大寺の歴史を読み解く上で大いに関ってくる史料には、以下のものがある。
English: Namu Amidabutsu means Chogen, and this book records how Chogen did good deeds in his life.
Japanese: 南無阿弥陀仏とは重源のことで、重源が生涯のうちにいかに作善をしていったか、記されている。
English: "Todai-ji zoryukuyo ki" (Records of the Service to Celebrate the Construction of Todai-ji Temple)-This record, completed in the Muromachi period or thereafter, admires Chogen for his soliciting for contributions, but truths and falsehood are mixed.
Japanese: 東大寺造立供養記-重源による大勧進を賞賛した文書であるが、室町時代以降の成立で、虚実が入交じる。
English: Death March of Hakkoda Mountains Incident was the incident in which the fifth Infantry Regiment of the eighth Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) division was stranded while on a training exercise on the Hakkoda-san Mountain.
Japanese: 八甲田雪中行軍遭難事件（はっこうだせっちゅうこうぐんそうなんじけん）は、1月に大日本帝国陸軍第8師団(日本軍)の歩兵第5連隊が八甲田山で冬季訓練中に遭難した事件。
English: It had the greatest number of missing people in Japanese winter mountain-climbing history, with 199 of 210 who had joined the training died.
Japanese: 訓練への参加者210名中199名が死亡する、日本の冬山登山史上もっとも多くの遭難者が発生した事件となった。
English: Japan's consideration that wintertime training was to be the most urgent task was the background of the incident.
Japanese: 事件の背景には、日本陸軍が冬季訓練を緊急の課題としていたことが挙げられる。
English: The Japanese Army was preparing for the battle against Russia in which it would fight in colder regions than the Japanese-Sino War where the Japanese Army had had a tough fight in cold climates.
Japanese: 日本陸軍はの日清戦争で冬季寒冷地での戦いに苦戦し、そしてさらなる厳寒地での戦いとなる対ロシア戦を想定し、準備していた。
English: This assumption became a reality two years after the incident, as the Russo-Japanese War began.
Japanese: こうした想定は、事件から2年後のに日露戦争として現実のものとなった。
English: The aim of that training was to move the troops from the Sea of Japan side and the Pacific side respectively assuming the fleets of the Russian navy had entered the Tsugaru Straits (between Hokkaido and Aomori) and the train on the coast of Aomori couldn't move.
Japanese: この演習の目的は、ロシア海軍の艦隊が津軽海峡（北海道と青森との間）に入り、青森の海岸沿いの列車が動かなくなった際に、日本海側と太平洋側から、それぞれ移動するための演習であった。
English: One of the two routes considered was 'Hirosaki-the bank of Lake Towada-Sanbongi-Tashiro-Aomori' and the other was 'Aomori-Tashiro-Sanbongi-Hachinohe;' the 31st Hirosaki Regiment took on the former and the 5th Aomori Regiment the latter.
Japanese: そのルートは「弘前～十和田湖畔～三本木～田代～青森」と「青森～田代～三本木～八戸」の2ルートが考えられ、弘前ルートは弘前第31連隊が、八戸ルートは青森5連隊がそれぞれ受持つ形となった。