nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When the club appointed General Director Hisashi KATO as manager for the first time, it intended to treat him as an interim manager for the remaining seven games (in the end, nine games including Promotion/Demotion Series), but partly because he succeeded in promotion to J1, the club decided that KATO would remain as manager for the next season.
Japanese: その昇格もあり、当初は残り7試合限定（最終的には、入れ替え戦と合わせて9試合）の暫定監督扱いとして招聘した加藤久総監督の来季留任も決定した。
English: In the 2008 season, the club carried out active reinforcement with reflection and regret from the previous promotion.
Japanese: 2008年のシーズンは前回の昇格時の反省を踏まえ、積極的な補強を敢行した。
English: The club got competent players for each position to begin to play in J1 after an interval of two years; for example, GK Yuichi MIZUTANI from Kashiwa Reysol, DF Sidiclei de SOUZA who had come back to Sanga from Gamba Osaka after an interval of 9 seasons, DF Tatsuya MASUSHIMA on loan from F.C. Tokyo, MF Yuto SATO from JEF United Ichihara Chiba, and FW Atsushi YANAGISAWA from Kashima Antlers.
Japanese: 柏レイソルからGK水谷雄一、ガンバ大阪から9シーズンぶりのサンガ復帰となるDFシジクレイ、FC東京からレンタル移籍でDF増嶋竜也、ジェフユナイテッド市原・千葉からMF佐藤勇人、鹿島アントラーズからFW柳沢敦と、各ポジションで実力者を獲得し、2年ぶりのJ1に臨んだ。
English: Also in the middle of the season, the club got DF Hiroki MIZUMOTO from Gamba Osaka to stabilize the defense, and FW Eldis Fernando DAMASIO "Fernandinho" from Shimizu S-PULSE to make up for FW Paulinho who had broken away because of injury for a long term (and whose name was crossed off the registration list.)
Japanese: シーズン途中にも、ディフェンス安定のため、ガンバ大阪からDF水本裕貴、怪我で長期離脱（登録抹消）したFWパウリーニョの穴を埋めるため、清水エスパルスからFWフェルナンジーニョを獲得した。
English: It might be considered the result of reinforcement that the team drew the game with Omiya Ardija on November 30, 2008, and achieved the minimum aim of remaining in J1.
Japanese: その補強もあり、2008年11月30日の大宮アルディージャ戦に引き分け、J1残留という最低限の目標を達成した。
English: Although the team lost the final game against Shimizu S-PULSE, it finished the 2008 season in 14th place.
Japanese: 最終節の清水エスパルス戦には敗れたものの、14位で2008シーズンを終えた。
English: It got competent players such as Yohei TOYODA who had been a member of the Japan U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympic Games, Diego de SOUZA GAMA SILVA from Tokyo Verdy and Jung-Soo LEE who was a member of the Korea Republic national football team.
Japanese: 北京五輪代表の豊田陽平や東京ヴェルディのディエゴ・デ・ソウザ・ガマ・シルバ、サッカー大韓民国代表の李正秀などの実力者を獲得。
English: 1954 - 1992: Kyoto Shiko (紫光, meaning "purple light") Club (still remaining as an amateur club now)
Japanese: 1954年-1992年京都紫光クラブ（現在もアマチュアクラブとして存続）
English: By the way, Sanga is derived from a word (sangha) in Sanskrit that stands for "association" or "group."
Japanese: なお、サンガとはサンスクリットで「仲間・群れ」を表す（samgha）。
English: (In this connection, it is written as 僧伽 [sougya] in Chinese characters, which has later changed into 僧 [sou, meaning a Buddhist priest] at present.)
Japanese: （ちなみに漢字では僧伽（そうぎゃ）と書き、後に現在での僧へと変化した。）
English: The name of the team, Kyoto Purple Sanga, was composed by combining Purple in Kyoto Shiko Club and Sanga.
Japanese: 京都紫光クラブのパープルとサンガを組み合わせて京都パープルサンガというチーム名がつけられた。
English: As for the problems to be solved from now on, to say nothing of doing a good job in J1, it can be pointed out that the club should reconstruct not only the club itself but also the relation to the hometown Kyoto.
Japanese: 今後の課題としては、J1での活躍は勿論の事、クラブとしてだけでなく、地元・京都との関係の再構築が挙げられる。
English: Once, when the former manager HASHIRATANI resigned his position, he delivered a comment that "people in Kyoto prefer the first class" to make sarcastic remarks about the cold-heartedness of all around him including the local people, and left Kyoto.
Japanese: かつて柱谷元監督は、退任時に地元はじめ周囲の冷淡さを皮肉って「京都人は一流を好む」という談話を残して去っていった。
English: The club did not go on doing nothing against the present state of things, and made a lot of efforts to become a community-based club: for example, holding football schools, making the players participate in Kumin Matsuri (district festivals, which differ in names according to administrative districts, such as "Fureai Matsuri") opened in each administrative district of Kyoto City including Kyoto Matsuri (Kyoto Festival), and giving the presentation of the new uniform at Kyoto Nishiki Food Market called the Kitchen of Kyo.
Japanese: このような現状にクラブとしても手をこまねいていたわけではなく、サッカースクール開催、京都まつりをはじめ京都市内各行政区における区民まつり（行政区によって「ふれあいまつり」等名称が異なる）への選手の参加、京の台所・錦市場での新ユニフォーム発表会などを行うなど、地域密着への努力を続けた。
English: It was because these activities were effective, the games were favored by comparatively good weather in the 2008 season, and the team was able to remain in J1 finally, that the average number of spectators per game was recorded as being higher than 13,000 (including a home game held in Kamoike).
Japanese: これが功を奏し、2008年シーズンでは比較的に天候にも恵まれ、また最終的にJ1に残留したことから、1試合辺りの平均観客動員数は13000人超（鴨池での主催試合を入れて）を記録。
English: Since the promotion to J1 in 2008, the club has carried out a lot of campaign projects with the local businesses and the like.
Japanese: 2008年昇格以降は地元企業などとのキャンペーン企画も数多く行っている。
English: Besides, the club named the outside area of Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium "Friends Square" to permit the spectators to reenter there, and has made use of the area to work on various approaches to increase attendance, such as carrying out a photo session of the players or other events, setting up booths to sell food and drink, and so on.
Japanese: また西京極スタジアム場外エリアをフレンズスクエアと称して観客の再入場を可能にし、選手の撮影会やイベントを行ったり飲食屋台なども出店して、観客動員増加の為に様々な取り組みをしている。
English: Speaking about attention and appeal by the mass media, a local newspaper, the Kyoto Shimbun, uses a full page of sports section to carry a forecast of formation, prospects for the game, manager's talk, players' comments, etc. one or two days in advance of the game.
Japanese: マスコミの注目・アピール度の面では、地元紙の京都新聞が試合前日ないしは前々日に予想フォーメーションや試合予想、監督談話や選手のコメントをスポーツ欄のうち1面を使用して掲載している。
English: And a local independent broadcasting station, Kyoto Broadcasting System Company Limited, has been broadcasting prerecorded or live on terrestrial television all the home games of Kyoto Sanga which is the sole club that enjoys such services in all the J. League clubs, and that fulfillment is far ahead of all others.
Japanese: また地元独立系放送局のKBS京都がJリーグ全クラブで唯一ホーム全試合を地上派で中継または生中継しており、その充実度は他の追随を許さない。
English: Also in the case of a relay by Sky PerfecTV!, Kyoto Sanga has sent in commentators and pitch reporters who are closely related to itself as a means of cooperation, and has obtained home advantage thanks to their strong personalities.
Japanese: スカパーの中継においても京都サンガに縁の深い解説者やピッチレポーターを協力として送り込み、そのアクの強いキャラでホームアドバンテージを獲得している。
English: Formerly, the sports newspapers in Osaka did not deal with Kyoto Sanga so favorably in their football sections, but their treatments have been improved considerably since enrollment of YANAGISAWA and appearance of MIYAYOSHI.
Japanese: 以前は在阪スポーツ紙のサッカー欄での扱いがあまり良くなかったが、柳沢加入や宮吉の登場以後それもかなり改善されている。
English: There is something solid in support by the local media such as NHK Kyoto Broadcasting Station, Kyoto Broadcasting System Company Limited, and Kyoto Shimbun Newspaper Corporation Limited.
Japanese: NHK京都放送局、KBS京都、京都新聞などの地元メディアによるサポートは揺ぎ無いものがある。
English: Because the home stadium of Kyoto Sanga, the field and track and ball game field, Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Park Stadium, has a structural problem that the track for track-and-field events separates spectators from the field, and the smallness of its premises makes it difficult to expand it further, construction of a dedicated stadium for football has been desired for a long time.
Japanese: ホームスタジアムの京都市西京極総合運動公園陸上競技場兼球技場は、陸上競技用トラックがフィールドと観客を隔てる構造上の問題を有し、また、敷地の狭さからこれ以上の拡張が難しいため、かねてから専用スタジアムの建設が熱望されてきた。
English: But while the plan to utilize the premises of Kyoto City Yokooji Sports Park was considered at first, on June 26, 2006 "Committee for consideration on a football stadium" (the chairman was Yasushi MATSUYAMA, Kyosho Kyoto Sports Promotion Special Committee Chairman) made public the final report that said "carrying out that plan will be difficult" because of the problems with traffic access and the construction budget.
Japanese: しかし、当初検討された、京都市横大路運動公園の敷地利用計画は、交通アクセスや建設予算他の問題から、2006年6月26日、「サッカースタジアム検討委員会」（委員長＝松山靖史・京商京都スポーツ振興特別委員長）が「整備は困難」と最終報告書を公表。
English: In 2006 and 2007, the income and expenditure reports of the J. League clubs revealed that their incomes depended on the ad rate on a very large scale, so that it can be said that in the present situation the clubs are able to retain highly-paid players with financial support by each sponsor company.
Japanese: 2006年、2007年にはJリーグクラブの収支報告によって、収入の広告費依存が非常に大きいことが明らかになり、スポンサー各社に支えられて高給選手を維持できているのが現状といえる。
English: (Kyoto Sanga depended on the ad rate for 63% of all the income in 2006, and this dependence was as prominent as that of Kawasaki in the J. League, but the ad rate per spectator was much more than that of Kawasaki.)
Japanese: （2006年の全収入中63%を広告費に依存しているというのは川崎と並んでJリーグの中で突出しており、1観客数あたりの広告費は川崎をも大きく超えている。）
English: In order to improve this, the club dared to raise the ticket prices in 2009.
Japanese: この改善の為クラブは2009年シーズンにチケットの値上げを敢行した。
English: Although there were arguments for and against it, the club explained that the raise was necessary to change the income structure of the club from now on in the Supporters Conference before the season.
Japanese: 賛否両論あったが、クラブの収入構造を変えていく為にはやむを得ないという説明が、シーズン前のサポーターカンファレンスの中でなされた。
English: As a subordinate organization (cultivation organization), the club has maintained the U-15s for the junior high school generation and U-18s for the senior high school generation, and both of them have won national titles before and produced many players.
Japanese: 下部組織（育成組織）としては、中学年代のU-15、高校年代のU-18が存在しており、共に過去に全国優勝を果たし、数多くの選手を輩出している。
English: As there used to be neither a private training ground nor lighting facilities, and the players used to use the nearby Taiyogaoka or other grounds for training, the former manager HASHIRATANI appealed eagerly to the executives of the club to improve the cultivation organization by giving the example of the Sanfrecce Hiroshima youth team cooperating with a local senior high school.
Japanese: 以前は専用練習場も照明設備も無く、選手は近隣の太陽が丘などを使用していたので、柱谷元監督がサンフレッチェ広島のユースチームと地元高校の連携を例に挙げて育成組織の改善をクラブ幹部に熱意を持って訴えた。
English: As a result of that, it was decided that they would realize a plan called Scholar-Athlete Project, unlike anything else in Japan, and in which the Kyocera Corporation from industry, the Ritsumeikan Academy from the education world, and Kyoto Sanga F.C. from the civilian world cooperate with one another to train excellent persons who will be accepted in the world.
Japanese: その結果、スカラーアスリートプロジェクトという日本で他に類を見ない、産の京セラ、学の学校法人立命館、民の京都サンガF.C.が手を組み世界に通用する優れた人材を育成する計画が実現されることとなった。
English: According to the plan, students of the senior high school generation study at Ritsumeikan Uji High School, practice football on the artificial grass ground (lighting fully-equipped) dedicated to the nurturing organization in Sanga Town Joyo, and live in a dormitory built by Kyoto Sanga F.C.
Japanese: これは、高校年代の生徒が勉学は立命館宇治高校で、サッカーの練習はサンガタウン城陽の育成組織専用の人工芝グラウンド（照明完備)で行い、京都サンガF.C.が建設した寮で生活するというもの。
English: The project began in the 2006 school year, and in the 2008 school year when Scholar students moved up to the third grade for the first time, it was regrettable that no one was promoted to the top team, but all the students were able to go on to Ritsumeikan University.
Japanese: 2006年度からそのプロジェクトが始まり、初めてスカラー生が3年生になった2008年度は残念ながらトップ昇格はなかったが、全員が立命館大学に進学した。
English: In the 2009 school year, the club invited Taiga SUGASAWA as the new manager of the U-18 team who had gained achievements in the lower levels of the organizations of Tokyo Verdy and Nagoya Grampus, so it was expected that the club would concentrate its efforts as a nurturing organization.
Japanese: 2009年度は東京ヴェルディや名古屋グランパスの下部組織で実績を積んだ菅澤大我をU-18の新監督に迎え育成組織により力を入れていくものと思われる。
English: Since 1996 when the team was promoted to the J. League, it has played almost all home games in Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium.
Japanese: 1996年のJリーグ昇格以降、ホームゲームはほぼすべて西京極陸上競技場で行われている。
English: It is an annual custom for the club to host two or three home games in Kagoshima Prefectural Kamoike Stadium per year (it is because the Kokubu factory of Kyocera is located in Kirishima City [the former Kokubu City], and the club carries out spring training and preseason matches also in Kokubu Stadium.)
Japanese: 鹿児島県立鴨池運動公園陸上競技場でも、年間2～3試合ホームゲームを行うのが毎年恒例となっている（これは京セラの国分工場が霧島市=旧国分市に所在しているためで、国分市陸上競技場でもキャンプやプレシーズンマッチを開催している）。
English: The club formerly hosted home games in Ishikawa Western Green Park Stadium, Toyama Athletic Recreation Park Stadium, Tottori Soccer Stadium, Okayama Combined Ground Athletic Stadium, Kochi Prefectural Haruno Athletic Recreation Park Stadium, and Kumamoto City Suizenji Stadium, too.
Japanese: かつては石川県西部緑地公園陸上競技場や富山県総合運動公園陸上競技場、鳥取市営サッカー場、岡山県総合グラウンド陸上競技場、高知県立春野総合運動公園陸上競技場、熊本市水前寺競技場でホームゲームを開催したこともある。
English: In 1996, the club played one home game in Osaka Expo '70 Stadium which is originally the home stadium for Gamba Osaka (for the details, please refer to Episode and Examples of suspension of the J. League games.)
Japanese: 1996年、本来ガンバ大阪のホームスタジアムである万博記念競技場で1試合ホームゲームを行っている（詳細はエピソード及びJリーグの試合中止例を参照）。
English: In the Japan Football League days, the club played home games not only in Nishikyogoku but also in Takaragaike Park Ball Game Ground, Kyoto Prefectural Yamashiro Comprehensive Sports Park and Ojiyama Athletic Stadium.
Japanese: ジャパンフットボールリーグ時代は西京極以外に京都市宝が池公園運動施設球技場や京都府立山城総合運動公園、皇子山陸上競技場でもホームゲームを行っていた。
English: A private training ground Sanga Town Joyo opened in 1998 is located in Joyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 1998年にオープンした専用練習場サンガタウン城陽が京都府城陽市にある。
English: There are three futsal courts there, and individuals not concerned with the club can use them by making a reservation.
Japanese: 3面のフットサルコートもあり、一般でも予約してコートを借りることができる。
English: Until 1997, the club had been using Kyocera Yokaichi general playground located in Higashiomi City (at that time, Yokaichi City), Shiga Prefecture as a training ground.
Japanese: 1997年までは滋賀県東近江市（当時は八日市市）にある京セラ八日市総合グラウンドを練習場としていた。
English: On August 14, 1996, a Nabisco Cup game against Kashiwa Reysol (played in Oita City Athletic Stadium as a home game of Sanga) was suspended because of a typhoon.
Japanese: 1996年8月14日、ナビスコカップ・対柏レイソル戦（大分市営陸上競技場＝サンガのホームゲーム）が台風のため中止となった。
English: In the history of the J. League, where games are played in principle even if it rains, this is the first case where an official game was suspended.
Japanese: 雨天でも原則として試合が行われるJリーグにおいて、公式戦が中止となった初めてのケースである。
English: The substitute game for the game against Reysol was played on August 24 in the same year, but Kyoto Sanga used Osaka Expo '70 Stadium which is officially the home stadium of Gamba Osaka.
Japanese: そのレイソル戦の代替試合は同年8月24日に開催されたが、本来ガンバ大阪のホームスタジアムである万博記念競技場を使用した。
English: At that time the team was not able to use its official home stadium Nishikyogoku because re-laying work on the pitch was in progress, and therefore, it hosted the game in Expo '70 Stadium with the permission of Gamba.
Japanese: 当時は本来のホームスタジアムである西京極が芝生の張替え工事のために使用できなかったため、やむを得ずガンバの許可を得て万博で開催することになったものである。
English: As a similar case, the Yokohama Derby match between Yokohama F. Marinos and Yokohama Flugels on June 11, 1994 (played in Hiratsuka Athletics Stadium which is the home stadium of Shonan Bellmare) can be provided.
Japanese: 同様の事例に1994年6月11日の横浜F・マリノス-横浜フリューゲルス戦の横浜ダービー（平塚競技場＝湘南ベルマーレのホームスタジアム）がある。
English: When Yokohama Flugels disappeared, six players, one coach and one other staff member transferred their registrations to Sanga.
Japanese: 1998年に横浜フリューゲルスが消滅した際、選手6人・コーチ1人・スタッフ1人がサンガに移籍している。
English: Since there were three players who had already transferred from Flugels, and on the opening of the 1999 season, no fewer than 11 coach, players and staff who had transferred from Flugels belonged to Sanga.
Japanese: それ以前からフリューゲルス出身選手が3人いたため、1999年開幕時点のサンガには実に11人ものフリューゲルス出身コーチ・選手・スタッフが所属していた。
English: At that time, only six players transferred their registrations from Flugels to Yokohama F. Marinos which was the official merging partner, so some people joked, "I don't know which is a real 'F'?"
Japanese: 同時期にフリューゲルスから本来の合併相手である横浜F・マリノスに移籍した選手は6人であり、「どっちが『F』なのか分からない」とからかう向きもあった。
English: With a background situation like this, quite a few former Flugels supporters became Sanga supporters.
Japanese: こういった背景も手伝い、サンガサポーターには元フリューゲルスサポーターも少なからずいる．
English: In this connection, after the merger with Marinos was made public in October, 1998, Flugels won all the following official games, and also won the last official game, the Emperor's Cup final to round off its career respectably.
Japanese: ちなみに、フリューゲルスは1998年10月にマリノスとの合併が公になった後、その後の公式戦で全勝し、最後の公式戦である天皇杯決勝にも勝利して有終の美を飾った。
English: However, in the league game just before the announcement of the merger, Flugels played against Sanga and lost by the score 2-3 (on October 24, 1998, in Kagoshima Prefectural Kamoike Stadium).
Japanese: ただし、合併が発表される直前のリーグ戦ではサンガと対戦しており、2-3のスコアで敗れている（1998年10月24日・鹿児島県立鴨池運動公園陸上競技場）。
English: Four years had passed since then and on New Year's Day in 2003, Sanga acquired its first title by winning the Emperor's Cup All-Japan Soccer Championship Tournament.
Japanese: それから4年が経過した2003年の元日、サンガは天皇杯全日本サッカー選手権大会優勝という初めてのタイトルを手にした。
English: It was Gert ENGELS who served as manager of Sanga at that time, who had been the last manager of Flugels, and who had led the team to victory in the last official game for Flugels, the Emperor's Cup final on New Year's Day in 1999, and made the team round off its career by winning the Emperor's Cup.
Japanese: その時に監督を務めていたのはフリューゲルス最後の監督であり、フリューゲルスにとって最後の公式戦だった1999年元日の天皇杯決勝でチームを勝利に導き、天皇杯優勝という有終の美を飾ったゲルト・エンゲルスだった。
English: Besides, when Sanga was registered as a member of J2, it was promoted in the year when it got a player who had belonged to Avispa Fukuoka in the previous year.
Japanese: また、J2在籍時、前年度にアビスパ福岡に所属していた選手を獲得した年に昇格をしている。
English: In 2001 when the club was promoted to J2 for the first time, absolutely no player joined nor left midway from the opening game on March 10 to the final game on November 18.
Japanese: 初めてのJ2となった2001年、3月10日の開幕から11月18日の最終戦まで選手の途中入団・退団が一切なかった。
English: However, a former member of the Poland national football team, Piotr SOWISZ who joined this year was not even crossed off the player registration list, but went back to his country in the middle of the season, so it must be thought that he "left midway through the year."
Japanese: ただ、この年に入団した元サッカーポーランド代表・ピオトル・ソーヴィシュは選手登録抹消こそされていないもののシーズン途中に帰国しており、実質的には「途中退団」はあった。
English: Because Kyoto City requests cooperation to exercise self-control over lighting such as neon signs and illuminations that day, if the day on which Sanga would host a home game fell on August 16, it coped with the request as follows:
Japanese: 当日はネオンや照明灯などの灯火を自粛するよう京都市から呼びかけが行われるため、8月16日とサンガのホームゲームが重複する際は以下のような対応がとられた。
English: The 5th section of the J. League 2nd Stage was scheduled for August 16 Saturday, but only the game between Sanga and Yokohama Marinos was carried out a day earlier on August 15 Friday (kicked off at 19:00 in Nishikyogoku).
Japanese: Jリーグ2ndステージ・第5節の日程が8月16日土曜日に組まれたが、サンガ-横浜マリノス戦に限っては1日早く8月15日金曜日（西京極・19時キックオフ）に開催された。
English: The 34th section of the J. League Division 2 was held on August 16 Thursday, but only the game (in Nishikyogoku) between Sanga and Consadole Sapporo kicked off at 17:20, starting at twilight.
Japanese: Jリーグディビジョン2・第34節が8月16日木曜日に開催されたが、サンガ-コンサドーレ札幌戦（西京極）に限っては17時20分キックオフの薄暮開催となった。
English: 日本料理 (nihonryori or nipponryori in Japanese pronunciation) (Japanese cuisine) indicates the traditional Japanese dishes, in particular, using foodstuffs familiar in Japan, which have been developed uniquely in the land and environment of Japan.
Japanese: 日本料理（にほんりょうり・にっぽんりょうり）とは、特に日本でなじみの深い食材を用い、日本の国土、風土の中で独自に発達した料理をいう。
English: Being also called nihon-shoku (Japanese dishes) or wa-shoku (Japanese dishes), their features are roughly three; eating food without cooking, placing importance on the basic taste of food itself with little flavor added, and the delicate artful arrangement of food on dishes.
Japanese: 日本食、和食とも言われ、生食、素材の味を重視する薄口の味付け、そして繊細な盛り付けの三点がおおまかな特徴とされている。
English: Although being dishes that have been developed uniquely in Japan, so-called 'yo-shoku' (Western-style dishes), such as rice omelet and hashed rice, are not ordinarily included as wa-shoku.
Japanese: なお、オムライス、ハヤシライス等のいわゆる「洋食」は日本で独自の発達を遂げた料理であるが、通常、和食とは呼ばない。
English: In this definition, even the dishes that have been eaten by Japanese over a long period of time cannot be called 'wa-shoku,' if they are not unique to Japan.
Japanese: この場合、日本人が長い間食べてきた食事であっても、それが日本独特なものでなければ「和食」とは呼ばれないことになる。
English: Nihon-ryori dishes depend on the era, social class or area, and many of the cooking methods originated in what was brought to Japan from East-Asian nations or from Europe.
Japanese: 時代や社会階層や地域によって差があり、調理法も、古くから東アジア諸国、西洋などからの伝来を発祥とするものが多い。
English: Today, Japanese eat dishes strongly accentuated with foreign features as well, and it is often said that what Japanese eat, excluding these dishes, constitutes 'nihon-ryori.'
Japanese: 現在、日本人が食べている食事の中で、他国の料理としての度合いが強いものを除いた残りを「日本料理」と言うことが多い。
English: For example, gyudon (rice covered with beef and vegetables) and nikujaga (simmered meat and potatoes) are considered nihon-ryori, because seasoning specific to Japan, such as soy sauce, soup stock, and mirin (sweet cooking rice wine), is used to give them flavor.
Japanese: 例えば牛丼や肉じゃがは、味付けに醤油や出汁、みりんなど日本特有の調味料を用いるから、日本料理であると考えられる。
English: Beef was eaten even during the Edo period, when the practice was called 'eating as a drug,' but it was mostly after the Meiji Restoration that eating beef became popular.
Japanese: しかし牛肉を食べる習慣は、「薬食い」と言われて江戸時代からあったものの、主に明治維新以来である。
English: Although more than 130 years have passed since then, the judgment of whether eating beef is considered 'traditional' depends upon the person.
Japanese: 既に130年以上の歴史があるものの「伝統」と呼べるかどうかは人により判断が分かれる。
English: However, such meat-based dishes as sukiyaki (thin slices of beef, cooked with various vegetables on a table-top cast-iron pan) and gyudon are considered being included in the category of nihon-ryori, because they are specific to Japan from a foreign point of view.
Japanese: しかし、外国から見た場合、すき焼きや牛丼などの肉料理もまた日本独特であるから日本料理の範疇に入る。
English: In this way, if a dish is flavored and cooked in a way specific to Japan, the dish would be generally called 'nihon-ryori' regardless of the foodstuffs included in it.
Japanese: このように、食材にこだわらず、味付け・調理法が日本で発達したものをも「日本料理」と呼ぶのが一般的であろう。
English: Grated daikon radish and soy sauce are sometimes used as the sauce for steak/hamburgers or as salad dressing, mentaiko (salted cod roe spiced with red pepper), and salted cod roe, natto (fermented soybeans), shiso (Japanese basil) or umeboshi (pickled "ume" - Japanese apricot) is also sometimes used for the sauce for spaghetti.
Japanese: ステーキ・ハンバーグのソースやサラダのドレッシングに大根おろしと醤油を使う場合もあれば、スパゲッティのソースとして明太子、たらこ、納豆、シソ、梅干しなどを使う場合もある。
English: These dishes are usually called, for example, 'wafu steak' (Japanese-style steak).
Japanese: このような食事は、日本料理とはいわず「和風ステーキ」などと呼ばれるのが普通である。
English: Based on this definition, the term 'wafu' is attached as the affix of the name of a dish with features that is 'a dish generally eaten in Japan' + 'using a cooking method originated in a foreign country.'
Japanese: この定義から言えば「恒常的に日本で食べられているもの」＋「外国産の調理法」で「和風」という文字を冠するようである。
English: Along with Korean, Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Thai cuisine, Japanese cuisine was also historically affected by Chinese food culture.
Japanese: 日本は韓国・ベトナム料理・カンボジア料理・タイ料理などと並んで歴史的に中国の食文化の影響を受けた国である。
English: However, during Sung and after that, Chinese cuisine changed drastically, and other Asian cuisine as well as Japanese cuisine have developed independently of each other.
Japanese: しかしながら、宋(王朝)代以降の中国料理が大きく変化したこと、日本料理や他のアジアの料理がそれぞれ独自の発達を遂げた。
English: Therefore, it is comparatively easier to differentiate Japanese cuisine from traditional food in neighboring nations.
Japanese: したがって、周辺諸国の伝統的な食事と、日本料理とは比較的区別がしやすい。
English: Some apparently eclectic dishes: For the nature, it is difficult to judge whether they are nihon-ryori or not (examples: salad udon noodles (chilled noodles and vegetables and wafu-spaghetti).
Japanese: 明らかに折衷料理であるために判断が難しいもの（例サラダうどん、和風スパゲティ）