nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to "Intoku Taiheiki" (Old Chronicle), Mototsugu NANJO directly attacked Kawarayama-jo Castle, but in actuality, Mototsugu never dispatched troops.
Japanese: 『陰徳太平記』では南条元続が河原山城を直接攻撃したと書かれているが元続は実際に出兵を行ってはいない。
English: Referred to as the last battled in Hoki Province in the Medieval period, the Battle of Kawarayama-jo Castle developed in the following way.
Japanese: この河原山城の戦いは伯耆国内での中世最後の戦いと言われるが、戦いに至るまでに次のような経緯が存在した。
English: The battle of Nanjo vs. Mori, which started from the Nanjo clan's defection from the Mori clan in 1579, came to an end in January 1585, when the reconciliation between Nobunaga and the Mori clan was confirmed.
Japanese: 天正7年（1579年）の毛利氏からの南条氏離反を発端とする「南条対毛利」の戦いは同13年（1585年）1月にいわゆる「京芸和睦」が正式に確定したことによって終結をむかえた。
English: Back to his home in the end of 1583, Mototsugu NANJO had been placed in charge by the Mori clan, though tentatively, of three countries in the east Hoki Province, except Yabase-jo Castle, by January 1584.
Japanese: 南条元続はそれに先立つ天正11年（1583年）の末に帰国しており、暫定的な形ではあるものの八橋城を除く東伯耆3郡を同12年（1584年）1月頃には毛利氏より引き渡されていた。
English: Back home, the Nanjo clan made a great effort to recover Yabase-jo Castle, which was still in the territories of the Mori clan, and supported the Yukimatsu clan who were aimed at recovering Odaka-jo Castle, resulting in successfully recovering the long-sought Yabase-jo Castle by the spring of 1585.
Japanese: 帰国後の南条氏は、毛利氏に属したままだった八橋城回復のため奔走、尾高城の奪還を目指す行松氏を支援するなどした結果、天正13年の春には念願の八橋城回復に成功した。
English: Subsequently, the Nanjo clan began to make actions to affect Mori's domination over the west Hoki by backing up the Yukimatsu clan from behind.
Japanese: その後の南条氏は行松氏を背後から支援する形で西伯耆における毛利氏支配に揺さぶりをかける行動を行うようになった。
English: Seeing the lack of Mori's troops in the Conquest of Shikoku in July of 1585, the Yukimatsu clan, who were in support of Mototsugu NANJO, led a thousand-plus horses to attack Kawarayama-jo Castle in Aseri County governed by Motohide FUKUYORI, finally achieving the fall of the castle.
Japanese: 天正13年の7月、毛利氏の四国征伐に伴う出兵で西伯耆の軍勢が手薄になっている隙に南条元続支援の行松氏は1000余騎を率いて福頼元秀の守る汗入郡の河原山城を攻撃、これを落城させた。
English: Surprised to hear about this, Motoharu KIKKAWA made his brother, Motoyasu MORI, dispatch a great number of support troops, and promptly recovered the castle.
Japanese: この一報に驚いた吉川元春は弟の毛利元康を出兵させ、多数の支援部隊を送り込んでただちにこれを回復した。
English: The Yukimatsu clan, with fruitless results, retreated to Ueshi-jo Castle by July 15 on the old calendar.
Japanese: 行松氏は成果を挙げられないまま、7月15日_(旧暦)には羽衣石城へ退却していった。
English: After this war, the Nanjo clan never entered the west Hoki again, and no battle occurred thereafter according to historical documents.
Japanese: この戦いの後、南条氏は再び西伯耆へ進出することは無くなり、史料上ではこれ以後の合戦は確認されていない。
English: This helped put to an end to the time of upheaval by warring states in the Hoki regions, which had lasted for about a hundred years since the Bunmei era (1469-1487).
Japanese: これにより文明(日本)年間から約100年間続いた伯耆国内での戦国動乱の時代もようやく終わりを迎えることになった。
English: It is the history of the tenkoku and insho (seals) in Japan.
Japanese: 日本の篆刻史（にほんのてんこくし）とは、日本における篆刻および印章の歴史である。
English: Private seals, which became popular in the Muromachi period, were still used by people, centering around Confucians such as Seika FUJIWARA and Razan HAYASHI in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 室町時代に流行した私印は江戸時代初期にも見られ、藤原惺窩や林羅山などの儒者を中心に用いられた。
English: However, the tenkoku of Jozan ISHIKAWA, with its gorgeous style like that of the literati from the Ming dynasty, is different from others of this period.
Japanese: ただこの時代にあって、石川丈山の篆刻は他とは異なり、明代文人の趣味に通じる華美な様式が取り入れられている。
English: It can be said that he was one of the pioneers of tenkoku in Japan because he had friends from Ming, and it is possible that he learned the tenkoku and engraved his own.
Japanese: 明人との交友があることから篆刻を学び自ら刻した可能性もあり、日本篆刻の先駆者のひとりとできる。
English: Except for Jozan's, seals in this period were generally for practical use and were therefore not engraved in the correct script and method of engraving.
Japanese: 丈山を除けばこの時代の印章は概して実用目的で用いられ、正しい篆法・印法・刀法に則っていない。
English: After the collapse of the Ming dynasty, Zen priests of the Obakushu sect who defected to Japan to escape the Ching dynasty's tyranny brought new tenkoku.
Japanese: 明朝が滅亡し清朝の暴政から逃れる為に日本に亡命してきた黄檗宗の禅僧たちによって、新しい篆刻がもたらされた。
English: Also, Ingen, Mokuan Shoto, Sokuhi Nyoitsu, Kosen Shoton, Mokusu Nyojo and Rankoku often engraved tenkoku.
Japanese: 隠元・木庵性瑫・即非如一・高泉性敦や黙子如定、蘭谷などいずれも篆刻をよくした。
English: Particularly, Dokuryu, who came to Nagasaki in 1653, was a learned person and skillful calligrapher who had already achieved fame in his home country.
Japanese: とりわけ承応2年（1653年）、長崎に渡来した独立(禅僧)は学識深く、書を巧みとし、本国にいたときから著名であった。
English: He came to Edo with Ingen, educated the public about the correct method of calligraphy and spread the tenkoku of the Ming dynasty.
Japanese: 彼は隠元に伴って江戸を訪れ、正しい書法を啓蒙し、明代の篆刻を広く伝えた。
English: Through his disciple Gentai KO, it was also spread among those people now known collectively as the early Edo school, such as Koshu SAKAKIBARA, Ippo IKENAGA and Kotaku HOSOI.
Japanese: 弟子の高元岱を通じて榊原篁洲・池永一峰・細井広沢などの初期江戸派と呼ばれる人々の間に伝わった。
English: There is another notable priest, Toko Shinetsu, who came from China in 1677.
Japanese: 渡来僧の中でもうひとり特筆すべきは延宝5年（1677年）に来日した東皐心越である。
English: He served Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA and taught tenkoku to many people, including Koshu SAKAKIBARA and Seiken MATSUURA.
Japanese: 彼は徳川光圀に仕え、榊原篁洲や松浦静軒など篆刻を多くの人々に教えたという。
English: This new trend of tenkoku spread throughout the country, turning to the early Roka school established by Mosho NIIOKI and Itsuzan in Osaka as well as the Nagasaki school established by Hakumin GEN in Nagasaki.
Japanese: この新しい篆刻の風は大坂では新興蒙所や佚山らによって初期浪華派に、長崎では源伯民らによって長崎派が形成されるなど日本各地に伝播した。
English: Also, due to the transport of books by ship it became easier to get information about the tenkoku in China, so that "Kokon Inshi," written by Jokan, and "Gakukohen," written by Go Kyuen, were published.
Japanese: また舶載される書籍により、中国篆刻の情報が得やすくなり、明代の徐官『古今印史』や吾丘衍『学古編』などが刊行される。
English: It tried to eliminate the negative effect of the decorative trend, advocate primitivism and a return to the tenkoku by following the correct method from the Qin and Han dynasties.
Japanese: 装飾趣味の弊害を打破し、尚古主義を唱え、秦漢の正しい篆法に則った篆刻に立ち戻ろうとした。
English: Fuyo had masters under him such as Kenkado KIMURA and Taiga IKE, as well as disciples such as Shikin KATSU, Koretada SO, Zoroku HAMAMURA, Kyoshu MAEKAWA and Iryo GEN, so the school flourished and spread throughout the country after the late Edo period.
Japanese: 芙蓉門には、木村蒹葭堂・池大雅のような大家や葛子琴・曽之唯・浜村蔵六・前川虚舟・源惟良などの優れた門弟が育ち、江戸時代後期以降、大いに隆盛し全国各地に広まった。
English: Other than the two major schools of tenkoku in the Edo period--the Kintai school and the Kotai school--there were the Mito school established by people such as Kyosho TACHIHARA and the trend of tenkoku by the literati such as Syunsui RAI.
Japanese: 今体派と古体派が江戸時代における篆刻の二大潮流といえるが、その他にも水戸において立原杏所などの水戸派や頼春水などが中心となった文人学者の篆刻の流れも見られた。
English: The Kotai school of Fuyo KO which had been a dominant influence, changed gradually at the end of the Edo period, so that there appeared people who departed from the style of the Kotai school and highlighted their own uniqueness.
Japanese: 一世を風靡した高芙蓉の古体派は幕末になると次第に変容し、中には古体派の風を逸脱し独自色を打ち出す者も出現する。
English: The style of Rinkoku HOSOKAWA, which was exquistely beautiful and fresh, spread widely and he became famous.
Japanese: 細川林谷はもっとも華やかで清新な作風だったので広く受け入れられ著名となった。
English: In Edo, Zoroku HAMAMURA II was called Master Zoroku and developed his own new style.
Japanese: 江戸においては二世浜村蔵六が名人蔵六と呼ばれ、新味を打ち出していた。
English: Also in Edo, Kinsai MASUDA revived the early Edo school, keeping the old style and adding his originality, and established the Johekikyo school with his son, Gusho MASUDA.
Japanese: また同じく江戸で益田勤斎が初期江戸派の流れを汲みながら古法を守り、創意を加えた作風でその子益田遇所とともに浄碧居派と称する一派を成した。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, as the Kotai school entered a state of decline, the style was inherited by the Hoshu school.
Japanese: 古体派は明治維新後衰微しつつもなおその作風は受け継がれ、保守派と呼ばれた。
English: Suichiku NAKAMURA and Rekido ABEI of the school, in Kyoto, engraved the seals of the Emperor and the nation.
Japanese: その中で京都の中村水竹や安部井櫟堂はともに天皇御璽や国璽日本の国璽を刻している。
English: Also in Edo, Katei HAKURA and Chikuun YAMATOMO, who inherited the style of Zoroku HAMAMURA IV and Rinkoku HOSOKAWA, each played an active role.
Japanese: また江戸においては、四世浜村蔵六や細川林谷の流れを受けた羽倉可亭・山本竹雲が活躍した。
English: Keisho NAKAI, who gained a high level of knowledge from Zoroku HAMAMURA IV and Gusho MASUDA, was the one most representative of this school.
Japanese: 中井敬所は四世浜村蔵六や益田遇所に師事し、高い学識を身につけてこの派の代表といえる。
English: In 1880, Yang Shoujing came to Japan and introduced Hokuhi (epitaphs from the Northern Wei dynasty), by which people were enlightened and books of the Hokuhi school became popular.
Japanese: 明治13年に来聴した楊守敬が紹介した北碑の資料に啓発され、北碑派の書が流行した。
English: Among them were Kendo KOSONE, Kaishin SHINODA, Taiu MARUYAMA, Randai NAKAMURA (the first), Zoroku HAMAMURA (the fifth), Tetsujo KUWANA, Senro KAWAI and others.
Japanese: 小曽根乾堂・篠田芥津・円山大迂・中村蘭台(初世)・浜村蔵六(五世)・桑名鉄城・河井荃廬などが挙げられる。
English: Some people, including Taiu and Senro, went to Quing and learned tenkoku directly from Xu Sangeng and Goshoseki.
Japanese: 大迂や荃廬などは清国に渡り、徐三庚や呉昌碩から直接篆刻を学んでいる。
English: Senro, in particular, learned from Goshoseki with Uzan NAGAO and joined the academic society Xi Ling Yin She.
Japanese: 中でも荃廬は長尾雨山とともに呉昌碩に学び、西泠印社にも入社している。
English: Consequently, it is thought that the family name of Sasakiyama gimi would have nothing to do with Misasagi no He but would instead be a family descended from Sasakibe (or Sasabe) owned by Emperor Nintoku.
Japanese: このことから、狭々城山君の姓は陵戸とは無関係に存在していたと考えられ、実際には仁徳天皇の名代である雀部(ささきべ／ささべ)を祖先とする一族だと思われる。
English: It is thought that the family Sasakiyama gimi, which maintained power until the Heian period, was at least a part of the Sasaki clan from the Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan).
Japanese: 沙沙貴山君一族は、平安時代までその勢力を保っており、いわゆる宇多源氏の佐々木氏の、少なくとも一部を構成したと考えられている。
English: The Kyoto Asahigaoka Junior High School affair is a conflict that lasted from April 29, 1953 to June 1, 1954, between conservative and progressive parents/teachers over the education policy of Kyoto Municipal Asahigaoka Junior High school.
Japanese: 京都旭丘中学事件（きょうとあさひがおかちゅうがくじけん）とは、1953年4月29日－1954年6月1日にかけて発生した京都市立旭丘中学校の教育方針を巡る保守派と進歩派の教員・父母による対立事件。
English: Since the Ministry of Education and Kyoto City took sides with the conservatives while the Japan Teachers Union did with the progressives, the conflict became serious.
Japanese: 前者に文部省・京都市が、後者に日教組が加担したことから、対立を深刻化させることになった。
English: Through the school's PTA, the conservative parents and progressive parents had already had friction over 'Peace Education' by some teachers, making an issue whether it was 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' or not.
Japanese: 同校では、かねてより一部教員による「平和教育」が「偏向教育」か否かを巡ってPTAなどにおいて保守的な父母と進歩的な父母の対立が生じていた。
English: However, the conflict intensified because on December 5, 1953, the conservative parents blamed 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' by progressive teachers regarding an accidental fire occurred in the school on April 29 of the same year and its reconstruction plan.
Japanese: しかし、1953年の4月29日に同校で起きた失火とその再建策を巡って同年12月5日に保守派の父母が進歩派教員の「偏向教育」を非難したことにより対立が激化した。
English: In March of the next year, the Kyoto City Board of Education tried to stabilize the situation by transferring three teachers, who were accused by the conservatives.
Japanese: 京都市教育委員会が翌年3月に保守派から非難された3教員を他校に転任させることで事態を収拾しようとした。
English: Against this decision, the three teachers refused the transfer, so the Board decided to give them disciplinary dismissal.
Japanese: これに対して3教員が転任命令を拒否したことから5月5日に3教員の懲戒免職を決定した。
English: Against this action, the progressive teachers/parents and the Kyoto teachers' union blocked up the school to give custody classes while the conservatives parents and the Kyoto City Board of Education against the progressives gave supplementary classes in the public institution, dividing students into two sides.
Japanese: これに対して、進歩派の教員・父母と京都教職員組合が学校を封鎖して管理授業を行い、これに対して保守派の父母は市教委とともに公共施設を用いた補習授業を行って対抗したことで生徒までをも2分することになる。
English: Furthermore, Yoshizo TAKAYAMA, the mayor of Kyoto City, and Shigeo ODACHI, the Minister of Education condemned the blockage of the school as a 'Violent revolution' and required the early establishment of the 'Two Education Laws' that made the situation more confused.
Japanese: 更に高山義三京都市長や大達茂雄文部大臣が学校封鎖を「暴力革命」と非難して、当時の政治課題とされていた「教育2法案」の早期成立を訴えたために事態は益々混乱した。
English: With the prolonged situation, both sides were subjected to criticism that they took advantage of children during the conflict.
Japanese: 事態の長期化につれて子供を争いを材料にしているとして双方に対する世論の批判も高まった。
English: According to the arbitration by the Kyoto Prefecture Board of Education, with the condition that all teachers except the three teachers given disciplinary dismissal were not punished, but transferred to other schools and to replace all the teachers including the principal, the both sides compromised and the school reopened on June 6.
Japanese: 京都府教育委員会などが調停に入り、懲戒免職とされた3名以外の全教員の処分を行わずに他校に転任させて校長以下全教員を入れ替えることを条件に双方が折り合い、6月1日に授業が再開された。
English: The three teachers who were given disciplinary dismissal filed suit to nullify the action, but in 1974 the plaintiffs lost the case in the Supreme Court.
Japanese: なお、懲戒免職とされた3名はその後処分の取消を求める訴訟を起こしたが、1974年に最高裁判所(日本)で原告敗訴が確定した。
English: Tenmon hakase was a government post belonging to Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) in the ritsuryo system of ancient Japan.
Japanese: 天文博士（てんもんはかせ）は、古代日本の律令制において、陰陽寮に属した官職。
English: Onmyoryo consisted of three subjects--onmyodo (yin-yang philosophy), rekido (learning of the calendar) and tenmondo (ancient horoscopy)--and tenmon hakase was the teacher of tenmondo.
Japanese: 陰陽寮は陰陽道・暦道・天文道の三道から成るが、天文博士はそのうちの天文道の教官である。
English: Tenmon hakase observed the celestial bodies and reported in fortune-telling, which was sealed if there was any unusual event (it's called tenmon misso), and also taught the students the way of fortune-telling through astronomical observation.
Japanese: 天文博士の職掌は、天体を観察し異変があればその吉凶を占って密封して奏聞する（これを天文密奏という）こと、及び天文生に天体を観察し吉凶を占う方法を教えることだった。
English: In the middle of the Heian period, since KAMO no Yasunori taught tenmondo to ABE no Seimei, tenmon hakase also became a hereditary post of the Abe clan.
Japanese: 平安時代中期に賀茂保憲が安倍晴明に天文道を伝えて以後、天文博士の職も阿倍氏の世襲になった。
English: The details of tenmonmisso are written in the compilation of more than 20 tenmonmisso 'Abe no Yasuchika Asonki,' as reported with the signatures of onmyojo (onmyo vice-minister) KAMO no Yasuchika and tenmon hakase, Abe no Naritoshi.
Japanese: 天文密奏の詳細は、仁安(日本)元年（1166年）に奏上された陰陽助賀茂泰親・天文博士安倍業俊の連署の二十数通の天文密奏を集成した『安倍泰親朝臣記』で見ることができる。
English: The Mineyama Naval Air Squadron was one of the squadrons of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Japanese: 峰山海軍航空隊（みねやまかいぐんこうくうたい）は、大日本帝国海軍の部隊の一つ。
English: It promoted on-the-ground training of preparatory school graduates in order to educate mid-level airmen.
Japanese: 中練教程の搭乗員の教育を推進するため、予科練卒業生への実機練習を推進した。
English: Mineyama is most often written with the Chinese characters 峰山, the same characters as used for Mineyama Town (currently Kyotango City) adjacent to Kawabe Village (which became Omiya Town, and now Kyotango City) where the squadron was stationed, but the members of the squadron more often used the characters 峯山.
Japanese: 部隊が駐留した旧河辺村（大宮町を経て現・京丹後市）に隣接する峰山町（現・京丹後市）の表記に合わせて「峰山」と表記する例が多いが、当時の隊員らは「峯山」と表記することが多い。
English: The Imperial Navy began to plan for the offensive against the Soviet Union when the Second Sino-Japanese War was drawn into a quagmire and Changkufeng Incident and Nomonhan Incident occurred one after the other.
Japanese: 日華事変の泥沼化に加え、張鼓峰事件とノモンハン事件が相次いで勃発したことから、海軍はソビエト連邦に対する迎撃策を講じることになった。
English: The Maizuru Naval Air Squadron which belonged to the Maizuru Naval Rear Unit Headquarters was a patrol unit, so the Kawabe Air Base was constructed in Kyotango City, Chugun (Kyoto Prefecture) so that the army planes necessary to defend the air space above Maizuru military port could be stationed.
Japanese: 舞鶴鎮守府隷下の舞鶴海軍航空隊は偵察部隊であるため、舞鶴軍港の防空に必要な陸上機が駐留できる基地として、中郡(京都府)京丹後市に河辺飛行場を造成した。
English: Training units were established throughout Japan half way through the war in the Pacific in order to meet the high demand for airmen.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争中期に、逼迫する航空要員の大量育成を図るため、全国各地に訓練部隊が増設された。
English: The Imperial Navy had its eye on the Kawabe Airport which had been designated as a rear base and had not been used, decided to station a mid-level training air unit there.
Japanese: 後方基地として遊休化していた河辺飛行場に目をつけた海軍は、ここに中練教程練習航空隊を設置することにした。
English: July 25: Graduates from the 13th Ko class of the preparatory school in the First Miho Naval Air Squadron of the Miho Naval Air Squadron joined the unit.
Japanese: 7月25日　美保海軍航空隊第一美保海軍航空隊より予科練甲13期前期卒業生入隊。
English: February 1: The Second Miho Naval Air Squadron was disbanded and became the Mineyama Detachment of the Himeji Naval Air Squadron.
Japanese: 2月1日　第二美保空の解隊にともない姫路海軍航空隊峰山分遣隊に変更。
English: May 5: Those chosen for tokko (suicide) missions from Fukuoka and some members from the main unit were incorporated into the Kasumigaura Naval Air Squadron and began training for tokko suicide missions.
Japanese: 5月5日　福岡の特攻要員と本隊要員の一部、霞ヶ浦海軍航空隊に転出、特攻訓練・戦備作業に従事。
English: June 5: One plane crashed during night training using the destroyer Hatsushimo (Hatsuharu type destroyer) as the target in the Miyazu Bay.
Japanese: 6月5日　宮津湾で駆逐艦「初霜(初春型駆逐艦)」を標的とした夜間爆撃訓練中、1機墜落。
English: June 30: An enemy task force of carrier-based planes attacked Maizuru Military Port, Miyazu Port and Kawabe Air Base, and planes and facilities suffered damages from the combat.
Japanese: 6月30日　舞鶴軍港・宮津湾・河辺飛行場に敵機動部隊艦載機襲来、銃爆撃で機体・施設に被害。
English: The Hishin Squadron which advanced from Mineyama never had the opportunity to rally before the war ended but some of the graduates did take part in battles.
Japanese: 峰山から前進した飛神隊は出撃する機会がないまま終戦を迎えたが、卒業生の一部は実際に出撃している。
English: After the Hishin Squadron left the air base, soldiers who were organized to take part in the tokko (suicide) missions as part of the battle on the homeland moved in to be stationed at the base, and in the end their numbers expanded to be about the same as that of the members of the Mineyama Air Squadron.
Japanese: 飛神隊を送り出したあとの飛行場は、本土決戦時の特攻作戦に従事する予定で編成された各地の特攻隊が駐留し、最終的には峰山空要員とほぼ同じ人数に膨れ上がった。
English: After-war administration was conducted smoothly and the chief of the Maizuru Rear Unit Headquarters, Minoru TAYUI, extended the highest praises.
Japanese: 終戦後の残務処理は整然と進み、田結穣舞鶴鎮守府司令長官もその手際を絶賛したという。
English: There are still magazines as well as hangars, which are used as storage for a textile factory.
Japanese: 弾薬庫が放置されているほか、格納庫が繊維工場の倉庫として現存している。
English: The Takanashi clan was a samurai family that dominated the north of Shinano Province (Takai and Minochi counties).
Japanese: 高梨氏（たかなしし）は、信濃国北部（高井郡・水内郡）に割拠した武家の氏族。
English: The Takanashi clan announces its name as Inoue of the prominent Seiwa Genji (Minamoto clan) in northern Shinano, and claims descendency from Morimitsu TAKANASHI, a son of MINAMOTO no Iesue.
Japanese: 高梨氏は、同じ北信濃の名族清和源氏井上氏を名乗り、源家季の息子高梨盛光の末裔であると称している。
English: However, because there are uncertain aspects of its genealogy and the Takanashi clan fought in the Genpei War along with the Nishina clan of northern Azumi, not the Inoue clan, the Takanashi clan probably doesn't belong to the Inoue clan, considering the custom of the time.
Japanese: しかし系図には疑うべき余地も多く、実際には源平合戦の際は井上一族では無く北安曇の仁科氏らと行動を共にしていたので、当時の慣習から見て別の一族であった可能性がある。
English: However, a member of the Takanashi clan (as well as one from the Nishina clan) was a son-in-law of Kaneto NAKAHARA, so that the relation by marriage may have made the Takanashi clan join the army of the Nakahara clan, a consort clan, instead of the Inoue clan, the paternal relative.
Japanese: しかし、高梨氏は仁科氏と同じく中原兼遠の婿になっていたので、この婚姻関係によって執るべき軍事行動が変化（男系親族井上氏に従わず、外戚中原氏へ加担）したということも考えられる。
English: Takanobu TAKANASHI and Tadanao TAKANASHI, who were affiliated with MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, won the Heike led by JO no Sukemochi, who had moved south from Echigo, and then seem to have accompanied Minamoto no Yoshinaka to his end, because it is recorded that Tadanao TAKANASHI was executed at the Rokujo-gawara riverbed, in Kyoto.
Japanese: 高梨高信・高梨忠直らは源義仲傘下として越後から南下した城資茂率いる平家方を破り、その後も源義仲に最後まで従ったと思われ、高梨忠直は京都の六条河原で刑死した記録が残されている。
English: When Yoritomo moved to Kyoto with his gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)in 1190, Jiro TAKANASHI was included among the gokenin, so that the Takanashi clan is considered to have retained its position as gokenin during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: また、建久元年(1190年)頼朝が上洛した際の御家人の中に高梨次郎の名が見え、鎌倉時代も御家人として存続していた事が伺われる。
English: During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Takashina clan and the powerful Murakami clan, which was active in Hanishina County, were on the Northern Court side, and Tsuneyori TAKANASHI (along with Tametsune OGASAWARA and Mitsumune OGASAWARA) fought Munesada NETSU, the local governor for Naoyori SUWA, on the side of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, at Nobehara (Nobe, Suzaka City) in July of 1351 at Tobe Gawara, Zenko-ji Temple, Yonago-jo Castle (Yonago, Suzaka City) in September.
Japanese: 続く南北朝時代(日本)には埴科郡に割拠する有力豪族村上氏と共に北朝(日本)方に属し、正平(日本)6年/観応2年(1351年)6月に高梨経頼は小笠原為経・小笠原光宗らと足利直義の諏訪直頼の代官祢津宗貞と野辺原（須坂市野辺）で戦い、8月には富部河原、善光寺、米子城（須坂市米子）で戦った。
English: The Takanashi clan resisted the governor Yoshitane SHIBA, rose in arms at Zenko-ji Temple along with Yorikuni MURAKAMI, Seijun OGASAWARA and Taro NAGANUMA in 1387, attacked the prefectural office in Hirashiba (Amori, Nagano City) in May, fought at Urushidahara (Nakagosho, Nagano City), captured Yokoyama-jo Castle (in which Ujiyasu NINOMIYA, Shugodai [deputy of Shugo, provincial constable] had taken refuge) in September, and attacked Namani-jo Castle (Amamiya, Chikuma City).
Japanese: また守護の斯波義種に反抗して元中4年/嘉慶(日本)元年（1387年）善光寺に村上頼国、小笠原清順、長沼太郎らと挙兵し5月に平柴（長野市安茂里）の守護所を攻めて漆田原（長野市中御所）で戦い、8月には守護代の二宮氏泰が篭城する横山城を攻め落とし、続いて生仁城（千曲市雨宮）も攻めた。
English: It is recorded that Goro TAKANASHI and Tokitsuna TAKANASHI fought Shinkaku KOSAKA (the sixth head of the Kosaka clan, which seems to have been the Nezu clan) in northern Shinano on the Southern Court side.
Japanese: 北信濃の南朝方香坂心覚（根津氏一族と思われる香坂氏6代目）との抗争にも高梨五郎・高梨時綱らの名前が出てくる。
English: In the Oto War between Nagahide OGASAWARA, the Shinano governor, and local lords in 1400, northern Shinano lords such as the Takanashi clan and the Inoue family gathered 500 warriors, while the Murakami clan gathered 500 warriors and the prominent Unno clan of eastern Shinano gathered only 300.
Japanese: 更に応永7年（1400年）に信濃守護職小笠原長秀との間で行われた大塔合戦では、高梨氏や井上一族など北信濃衆は500騎を動員しており、この数は信濃国人衆の筆頭（信濃惣大将）である村上氏と同数で、東信濃の名族海野氏の300騎を上回る。
English: When Shigetada HOSOKAWA entered the province as a local governor in 1403, the Murakami clan, the Oi clan and the Inoue clan did not obey him, so that Shigetada fought them at Dannohara or Namani-jo Castle but ultimately took flight, and then fought Tomohide TAKANASHI in January, 1405.
Japanese: c（1403年）に細川慈忠が守護代として入国した際には村上氏や大井氏、井上氏らが従わず段の原や生仁城で戦ったものの敗走し、翌年12月には高梨朝秀とも合戦となった。
English: The Takanashi clan was successful in dominating the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and a part of Echigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
Japanese: このように南北朝時代に善光寺平北部地域一帯から越後の一部にまで及ぶ勢力拡大に成功した様子が伺われる。
English: During the Muromachi period, the head family of the Takanashi, Yamada Takanashi, Nakamura Takanashi and Ebe Takanashi were called the four families of Takanashi (from 'the history of Kamitakai').
Japanese: 室町時代には、高梨惣領家と山田高梨・中村高梨・江部高梨を併せて高梨四家と呼ばれていたと記されている（「上高井歴史」より）。
English: Geographically, the Takanashi clan came to be influenced by the force of nearby Echigo Province, where it had property.
Japanese: 地理的に近い越後国にも所領があったことから越後の勢力の影響を高梨氏も受けるようになる。
English: Masataka TAKANASHI defeated Uesugi Umanokami (Captain of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses), who was the appointed Shinano governor, a member of Fusasada UESUGI, Echigo governor when Umanokami invaded Takahashi, Takai County (Saijo, Nakano City).
Japanese: 寛正4年(1463年)12月に、信濃守護職を得た越後守護上杉房定の一族上杉右馬頭が高井郡高橋（中野市西条）に攻め入った際には、高梨政高がこれを討取ってしまっている。
English: The Takahashi clan, as well as the Murakami clan in Shinano, came to be recognized as major force in northern Shinano.
Japanese: 高梨氏は信濃村上氏と共に、北信濃の一大勢力として認識されるようになる。