nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Regardless of whether this particular incident in fact occurred, the despotism of the Taira clan coupled with long years of simmering resentment among the Minamoto clan for the contempt they were forced to endure eventually led to an eruption of anger, which became the motive to raise troops in revolt.
Japanese: この事件が事実がどうかはともかく、平氏一門の専横と源氏への日頃の軽侮に対する長年の不満が爆発は、理由として挙げられている。
English: Another theory holds that as Yorimasa and the rest of the Settsu Genji had served Emperors Konoe and Nijo, who were directly descended from retired emperor Toba, in the capacity of Protector of the Interior, they were bound to oppose the enthronement of Takakura and Antoku, who were from a different imperial lineage.
Japanese: 他に、頼政等摂津源氏は鳥羽上皇直系の近衛天皇、二条天皇に仕える大内守護の任にあったことから、別系統の高倉・安徳天皇の即位に反発したという説もある。
English: The "Heike monogatari" describes Yorimasa visiting the down-on-his-luck prince Mochihito at his mansion in the dead of night and proposing that they overthrow the government, but at this point Yorimasa was 77 years old, which has prompted some to suspect it was the other way around--that it was prince Mochihito, distressed at the disruption of imperial succession, who approached Yorimasa about raising an army.
Japanese: 『平家物語』では、頼政が夜半に不遇の以仁王の邸を訪れ、謀反を持ちかけたことになっているが、当時頼政は77歳という高齢であり、皇位への道を断たれて不満を持っていた以仁王の方から頼政に挙兵を持ちかけたという見方もある。
English: On the twelfth day of the fifth month (ninth day of the fourth month in old lunar calendar) of 1180, prince Mochihito, after plotting with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, issued a princely command--under the alias 'Imperial Prince Saisho' (Prince 'Great Victory')--to the Minamoto clan warriors and the great temples and shrines throughout the country to destroy the Taira clan.
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）4月9日、源頼政と謀った以仁王は、「最勝親王」と称し、諸国の源氏と大寺社に平氏追討の令旨を下した。
English: But Mochihito, far from being the crown prince, wasn't even an acknowledged imperial prince, and as a mere princeling, his order, issued as a hosho (a document for informing lower-rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) must in fact be called a migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people); and for this reason, he exaggerated his social status with the name he gave himself.
Japanese: 皇太子どころか親王ですらなく、王に過ぎない彼の奉書形式の命令書は、本来は御教書と呼ばねばならないが、身分を冒してこう称した。
English: The text of his proclamation is recorded in the "Azuma kagami" (Mirror of the East) and the "Heike monogatari," but as a princely command it has formal and structural defects, and the exact wording varies with the source.
Japanese: 原文は『吾妻鏡』や『平家物語』に納められているが、令旨としての形式に不備があり、史料によって文言に異同がある。
English: In terms of content, Mochihito compares his own situation to that of Emperor Tenmu during the Jinshin war, and demands that the Taira clan be struck down for usurping the imperial throne and proclaims that he be raised to the imperial throne instead.
Japanese: 内容は自らを壬申の乱の天武天皇になぞらえ、皇位をだまし取る平氏を討って皇位に就くべきことを宣言するものであった。
English: The "Heike monogatari" lists the names of those Minamoto clan members throughout the country that responded to the call to raise troops.
Japanese: 『平家物語』には、挙兵を呼びかける（対象として？）諸国の源氏の名が列挙されている。
English: The list includes such names as MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu (of the Mino Genji), Yukitsuna TADA (of the Tada Genji), Yoshitsune YAMAMOTO (of the Omi Genji), Nobuyoshi TAKEDA, Tadayori ICHIJO, Yoshisada YASUDA (of the Kai Genji), as well as MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in Izu province and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune in Mutsu province, but many of the most important and powerful people of the day are missing from the list and there are many errors, prompting some to consider the list a literary fiction added later.
Japanese: 源光信（美濃源氏）、多田行綱（多田源氏）、山本義経（近江源氏）、武田信義、一条忠頼、安田義定（甲斐源氏）、伊豆国の源頼朝、陸奥国の源義経などの名があるが、当時の重要人物の欠落や錯誤が多く、後世の創作と考えられている。
English: MINAMOTO no Yukiie (MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi's son), who had been living in hiding in Kumano, was made the messenger entrusted to transmit this princely command.
Japanese: この令旨を伝達する使者には、熊野に隠れ住んでいた源行家（源為義の子）が起用された。
English: It is said that on the twenty-seventh day of the fourth month Yukiie visited the mansion of the Izu Hojo family in the guise of a mountain priest, and conveyed the command to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
Japanese: 4月27日には、山伏姿の行家が伊豆北条館を訪れ、源頼朝に令旨を伝えたという。
English: During the fifth and sixth months (fourth and fifth months in lunar calendar) Yukiie traveled around the eastern provinces before the plot was discovered at the beginning of the sixth month.
Japanese: 行家は4月から5月にかけて東国を廻ったが、5月初めには計画は露見した。
English: Because the military forces of Kumano, upon receiving the command, split into two opposing camps and began rioting, Tanzo sent the Taira clan word of prince Mochihito's plot.
Japanese: 令旨によって熊野の勢力が二つに割れて争乱に発展したため、湛増が平氏に以仁王の謀反を注進したのである。
English: On the sixteenth day of the sixth month (fifteenth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar), the Taira clan decided to have prince Mochihito expelled from the imperial family and made a private citizen, to change his name to 'MINAMOTO no Mochimitsu' and moreover to banish him to Tosa province.
Japanese: 5月15日、平氏は以仁王を臣籍降下させ、「源以光」と改めた上で、土佐国への流罪を決定した。
English: TAIRA no Tokitada, Kebiishi betto (Chief of the Inspectors and Police) led more than 300 cavalry to prince Mochihito's Takakura mansion on Sanjo avenue.
Japanese: 検非違使別当・平時忠は、300余騎を率いて以仁王の三条高倉邸に向かった。
English: From the fact that Yorimasa's second son, MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna, was included in Tokitada's force, it may be inferred that the Taira clan had not yet discovered that Yorimasa was involved in the plot.
Japanese: この中に頼政の次男・源兼綱が加わっていたことから、平氏は頼政の関与は察知していなかったようである。
English: Prince Mochihito, having been forewarned by Nakatsuna, fled from the mansion dressed in women's clothers, while back at the mansion, Nobutsura HASEBE fought with the Chief Inspector to buy Mochihito some time, allowing him to escape safely to Onjo-ji temple.
Japanese: 仲綱から知らせを受けた以仁王は、女装して邸を脱出、御所では長谷部信連が検非違使と戦って時間を稼ぎ、以仁王は園城寺へ逃れた。
English: On the the seventeenth (sixteenth in lunar calendar), the Taira forces demanded that Onjo-ji temple hand over prince Mochihito, but Onjo-ji's assembly of clergy decided to refuse.
Japanese: 16日、平氏は園城寺に以仁王の引き渡しを求めたが、園城寺大衆はこれを拒否した。
English: On the twenty-second (twenty-first in lunar calendar), TAIRA no Yorimori, TAIRA no Norimori, and TAIRA no Tsunemori (all three of whom were Kiyomori's younger brothers) as well as TAIRA no Tomomori and TAIRA no Shigehira (both sons of Kiyomori) and TAIRA no Koremori, TAIRA no Sukemori, and TAIRA no Kiyotsune (all three of whom were sons of Shigemori) as well as MINAMOTO no Yorimasa were appointed generals over the force preparing to attack Onjo-ji temple.
Japanese: 21日、平頼盛、平教盛、平経盛（以上、清盛の弟）、平知盛、平重衡（以上、清盛の子）、平維盛、平資盛、平清経（以上、重盛の子）、そして源頼政を大将とする園城寺攻撃の編成が定められた。
English: That night, Yorimasa burned down his own mansion and entered Onjo-ji leading 50 cavalry, joining forces with prince Mochihito.
Japanese: その夜、頼政は自邸を焼き、50余騎を率いて園城寺に入り、以仁王と合流した。
English: On the twenty-fourth (twenty-third in lunar calendar), a meeting of all the clergy was held at Onjo-ji temple, at which a plan to launch a night raid on Rokuhara (the stronghold of the Taira clan) was proposed, but those more favorable towards the Taira among the priests managed to prolong the debate until the plan for a night raid fell through.
Japanese: 23日、園城寺で衆議が行われ、六波羅（平氏の本拠）夜討が提案されたが、平氏に心を寄せる者が議論を長引かせ、夜討は立ち消えとなってしまった。
English: Because their presence endangered Onjo-ji temple, on the night of the twenty-sixth (twenty-fifth in lunar calendar), Yorimasa and prince Mochihito fled from Onjo-ji leading 1000 troops and headed for Kofuku-ji temple in Nara.
Japanese: 園城寺も危険になったため、25日夜、頼政と以仁王は1000余騎を率いて園城寺を脱出し、奈良興福寺へ向かった。
English: Exhausted from the night march, prince Mochihito fell from his horse several times, until he was forced to take a rest at Byodoin temple in Uji.
Japanese: 夜間の行軍に疲れた以仁王は幾度も落馬し、やむなく宇治平等院で休息を取ることになった。
English: Yorimasa's forces tore down the Uji bridge and waited for the enemy on the far bank, engaging them in a battle of archery across the river.
Japanese: 頼政の軍は宇治橋の橋板を落として待ち構え、川を挟んでの矢戦となった。
English: The "Heike monogatari" depicts the fierce fighting of three mighty warrior-monks on Yorimasa's side, GOCHIIN no Tajima, Akihide JOMYO, and Priest Ichirai.
Japanese: 『平家物語』には、頼政方の五智院但馬や浄妙明秀、一来法師といった強力の僧兵たちの奮戦が描かれている。
English: FUJIWARA no Tadakiyo, a retainer of the Taira disheartened by the Taira army's lack of progress, advised Tomomori to take the Kawachi province road in a detour.
Japanese: 攻めあぐねた平氏の家人・藤原忠清は、知盛に河内国路への迂回を進言した。
English: Warriors from Shimotsuke province, Toshitsuna and Tadatsuna ASHIKAGA--father and son respectively--argued against this, insisting that 'If we use the horses of our mounted warriors to create a sort of raft, we will be able to cross the river.'
Japanese: 下野国の武士足利俊綱・足利忠綱父子はこれに反対し、「騎馬武者の馬筏で堤防を作れば渡河は可能」と主張した。
English: When the seventeen-year old Tadatsuna rode his horse directly into the swift current of the Uji-gawa river, more than 300 cavalry from the Kanto followed him in.
Japanese: 17歳の忠綱が宇治川の急流に馬を乗り入れると、坂東武者300余騎がこれに続いた。
English: Unable to prevent the Taira from crossing the river, Yorimasa abandoned his position by Uji bridge and retreated to Byodoin temple in a fighting withdrawal, trying to give prince Mochihito time to escape.
Japanese: 渡河を許したため、頼政は宇治橋を捨てて平等院まで退き、以仁王を逃そうと防戦した。
English: Prince Mochihito, protected by 30 cavalry, just barely managed to escape from Byodoin temple, but was chased by FUJIWARA no Kagetaka's forces, and was killed after being struck by an arrow and falling from his horse in front of the torii (shrine gate) of Komyozan (Gantoku-ji temple) in Soraku district of Yamashiro province.
Japanese: 以仁王は30騎に守られて辛うじて平等院から脱出したが、藤原景高の軍勢に追いつかれ、山城国相楽郡光明山鳥居の前で、敵の矢に当たって落馬したところを討ち取られた。
English: On the twenty-eighth (twenty-seventh in lunar calendar), a meeting was held at the palace of the retired emperor, at which a debate began over what sort of measures to take against Onjo-ji and Kofuku-ji temples, which had joined the insurrection (as recorded in both "Gyokuyo" and "Sankaiki").
Japanese: 27日、院御所議定が開かれ、謀反を起こした園城寺・興福寺に対する措置が議論された（『玉葉』『山槐記』同日条）。
English: But before the public meeting started, Munemori, Tokitada, FUJIWARA no Takasue, and FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna had gathered and met for a private conference with retired emperor Takakura.
Japanese: 議定の始まる前に宗盛・時忠・藤原隆季・藤原邦綱が集まり、高倉上皇の御前で「内議」を行っている。
English: At the public meeting, MINAMOTO no Michichika and Takasue argued that 'Since the armed clergy of Onjo-ji temple disbanded of their own accord, simply arresting the ringleaders will be sufficient punishment.
Japanese: 議定において源通親・隆季は「園城寺は衆徒が退散したので張本人を捕らえるだけで良い。
English: We should immediately dispatch a government army to attack Kofuku-ji temple, seizing their branch temples and confiscating their shoen.'
Japanese: すみやかに官軍を派遣して攻撃し、末寺・荘園を没収するべきである」と主張した。
English: Other Kugyo proposed a more cautious response, saying 'Let us demand that Kofuku-ji temple turn over the ringleaders of the rebellion, and if they refuse to do so, then is the time to dispatch a government army,' a view that was supported by both the Minister of the Right, Kanezane KUJO, as well as the Minister of the Left, FUJIWARA no Tsunemune.
Japanese: その他の公卿は「張本人を差し出すように要求して、拒否されてから官軍を派遣するべきだ」と慎重論を唱え、右大臣・九条兼実、左大臣・藤原経宗もこれに同意した。
English: Just as Tsunemune summoned the Sashoben (third-ranked officer of the left) FUJIWARA no Yukitaka and was about to have him go to retired emperor Takakura to report the consensus opinion of the meeting, Takasue protested, saying 'Why is it necessary to send a messenger to Kofuku-ji temple when the head priest and his deputy will simply keep saying that they are unable to control the assembled clergy?
Japanese: 経宗が左少弁・藤原行隆を呼んで、高倉に議定の意見を奏聞しようとしたところ、隆季は「興福寺別当・権別当が衆徒を制止できないと言い切っているのに、どうして使者を派遣する必要があるのか。
English: Kanezane objected, 'What benefit is there in laying waste to an entire sect?' which provoked Takasue into showing his displeasure on his face.
Japanese: 兼実が「一宗を磨滅して何の益があるのか」と反論したため、隆季は不快の色を見せた。
English: Thereafter, Yukitaka, who had returned from reporting to the emperor, conveyed the news of the death of the criminal, prince Mochihito, which removed the impetus for the immediate destruction of Kofuku-ji temple.
Japanese: その後、奏聞から戻ってきた行隆が以仁王誅伐の情報を伝えたため、興福寺即時追討論は退けられた。
English: Kanezane launched a furious criticism of Takasue and Michichika's official report to the emperor, saying 'you try to divine Kiyomori's will, but care nothing if it causes great harm to the imperial family.'
Japanese: 兼実は、隆季・通親の申状を「権門（清盛）の素意を察し、朝家の巨害を知らず」と激しく非難している。
English: For a while after the fighting had ended, rumors persisted that prince Mochihito was alive, rumors moreover that were useful to anti-Taira activities.
Japanese: その後しばらくの間、以仁王の生存説が噂され、またそれが反平氏運動に利用された。
English: Both Onjo-ji temple and Kofuku-ji temple once again revealed their opposition and active resistance to the Taira clan, and in the twelfth month of the same year they were burned down by the forces of TAIRA no Shigehira.
Japanese: 園城寺と興福寺は再び平氏への反抗の動きを見せ、同年12月に平重衡らの兵によって焼き討ちにあっている。
English: Prince Mochihito and Yorimasa's uprising was brief and ended in failure, but it had profound effects, with Mochihito's princely command used as justification and rallying cry for local insurrections launched by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, the Kai Genji, and the Omi Genji among others, marking the true beginning of the Genpei War (the Jisho-Juei war between the Minamoto and the Taira).
Japanese: 以仁王と頼政の挙兵は短期間で失敗したが、その影響は大きく、以仁王の令旨を奉じた源頼朝や源義仲、甲斐源氏、近江源氏などが各地で蜂起し、治承・寿永の乱の幕を開けることになる。
English: Yoshinaka nicknamed this imperial prince 'Prince Hokuriku,' and when he triumphantly marched into the capital a few years later, he planned to put him forward as a potential replacement for Emperor Antoku, who had fled with the Taira to the west, on the imperial throne, but was forced to abandon the idea by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who had been displeased by prince Mochihito's usurpation of the title of 'imperial prince' when he issued his command.
Japanese: 義仲はその皇子を「北陸宮」と名付けて、上洛時にこれを押し立てて平氏とともに西走した安徳天皇に代わって皇位に就けようと画策するが、かつて以仁王が勝手に親王を称して令旨を発行したことを不快に思っていた後白河法皇によって退けられたという。
English: Even after prince Mochihito's death, Yoritomo was able to point to his 'princely command' as a just cause to rally the portions of the Kanto region under Yoritomo's own control, and continued to issue documents bearing the Jisho era name even after the era name was changed to Juei (arguing thereby that the current emperor's administration was illegitimate).
Japanese: 以仁王の死後も頼朝は自らの関東支配の大義名分として以仁王の「令旨」を掲げ、寿永改元後も治承年号の文書を発給している。
English: But in 1183 (Juei 2), when he was given de facto authorization to control the entire Kanto thanks to the "Proclamation of the tenth month of the second year of Juei" issued by cloistered emperor Goshirakawa, the usefulness of prince Mochihito's command was at an end, and Yoritomo at last began using the Juei era name on his documents.
Japanese: しかし、寿永2年（1183年）後白河法皇から『寿永二年十月宣旨』によって実質上の関東支配が公認されると、以仁王「令旨」は効力を失い、頼朝も寿永年号を使用するようになる。
English: Seisei Nikki was a camp diary written by Tenkei, a diplomat priest of Myoshin-ji Temple, who accompanied Yukinaga KONISHI's army during the Bunroku-Keicho War.
Japanese: 西征日記（せいせいにっき）は、文禄・慶長の役の際、小西行長軍に従軍した妙心寺の外交僧天荊の陣中日記。
English: The Hachijoin-ryo was one of the groups of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) possessed by members of the imperial family under shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) in the medieval period.
Japanese: 八条院領（はちじょういん-りょう）は、中世の荘園公領制下における王家領荘園群の一つ。
English: The Hachijoin-ryo originated in the territory of Imperial Princess Akiko, who had inherited mainly the territory of the Anrakuju-in Temple, a temple built after a Buddhist temple in Higashi-dono Palace (East Palace) of Toba-dono Palace, an imperial palace for retired and cloistered emperors, as well as the Emperor Toba's territory and the Bifukumonin's territory.
Japanese: 院御所鳥羽殿東殿の仏堂の後身の安楽寿院領を中心に鳥羽天皇領と美福門院領を相続したあき子内親王の所領を起源とする。
English: The territory was passed on from Hachijoin, Imperial Princess Shoshi, Emperor Juntoku, Imperial Prince Morisada, Imperial Princess Kuniko, Emperor Kameyama, Emperor Gouda, Imperial Princess Kishi, to Emperor Godaigo; it had become a major economic resource for the Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage of Emperor Kameyama).
Japanese: 八条院→昇子内親王→順徳天皇→守貞親王→邦子内親王→亀山天皇→後宇多天皇→憙子内親王→後醍醐天皇に伝わり大覚寺統の主要な経済基盤となった。
English: When Prince Mochihito, an adopted child of Hachijoin, raised an army against the Taira clan in 1180, Prince Mochihito's ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses, etc.) was delivered across the shoen of the Hachijoin-ryo.
Japanese: 1180年、八条院の猶子である以仁王が反平氏の兵を挙げたときに、以仁王の令旨が八条院領荘園に伝えられた。
English: Also involved were: the family of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa who had served Hachijoin since the time of Bifukumonin; Hachijoin's Kurodo (Chamberlain) of MINAMOTO no Yukiie and MINAMOTO no Nakaie; the local lord of the shoen in the Hachijoin-ryo, MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo (Yada no Hangandai (assistant officer who served an administration organization called Innocho)); and a samurai called Yukihira SHIMOKOBE.
Japanese: また、この以仁王の挙兵には美福門院から八条院に仕えてきた源頼政一族、八条院蔵人の源行家・源仲家、八条院領荘園の在地領主であった源義清(矢田判官代)・下河辺行平といった武士が関係していた。
English: In the Genko Incident in 1331, Emperor Godaigo's edict was delivered across the shoen of the Hachijoin-ryo, and this is believed to have been one of the reasons Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Ashikaga-no-sho district in the territory of Hachijoin (the Anrakuju-in Temple) raised an army.
Japanese: 1331年の元弘の乱の際は、後醍醐天皇の綸旨が八条院領荘園に伝えられ、八条院（安楽寿院）領足利庄の足利尊氏の挙兵の契機の一つとなったとされる。
English: Hyoro-ryosho were areas of land set aside during the medieval period and devoted to producing rations and provisions (specifically, rice) for soldiers.
Japanese: 兵粮料所（ひょうろうりょうしょ）とは、中世において兵粮米を徴収するために指定された特定の所領のこと。
English: During the military campaigns, launched under and during the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), to subjugate the Ezo (or Ebisu) barbarian peoples of northeastern Japan, the various eastern provinces were permitted to pay their taxes (of rice) in the form of supplying the expeditionary troops with provisions.
Japanese: 律令制下の蝦夷討伐においで東国諸国の正税を遠征軍の兵粮にあてる事を許した。
English: In 1185 (the first year of the Bunji era), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, seeking to establish a system of Shugo (provincial constable) and jito (manager and lord of manor), was granted the Bunji Imperial Sanction to do so, simultaneously obtaining the authority to collect five sho (measures) of rice, for the purpose of supplying troops, from each tan (section) of each rice paddy on shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) alike.
Japanese: 文治元年（1185年）に源頼朝が守護・地頭の設置求めて文治の勅許を受けると、同時に荘園・国衙領の田1段から兵粮米5升を徴収する権利を得た。
English: After the Jokyu War, the authority of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to collect provisions for the troops from both Bizen and Bicchu provinces was recognized.
Japanese: 承久の乱後には鎌倉幕府が備前国・備中国両国より兵粮米を受け取る権利が認められた。
English: Upon entering the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Muromachi bakufu, which championed the Northern Court, issued Hanzeirei (order allowing military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund) on the pretense of keeping the army provisioned; the law recognized the authority of Shugo (provincial constable) to levy a half-tax (50% of all rice) annually on all private estates and public territories.
Japanese: 南北朝時代(日本)に入ると、北朝(日本)を擁した室町幕府は、兵粮確保を名目に半済令を出して荘園・公領の年貢半分の徴収権を守護に認めた。
English: The territory to which this Hanzeirei applied, or in other words the territory called hyoro-ryosho, was initially limited to the eight provinces involved in the fiercest fighting, but the Southen Court, to counter this move, introduced their own system of separating out a portion of rice for use by the court and its adherents, so that Hanzeirei gradually spread until it eventually covered the entire country, until the hyoro-ryosho were in actuality absorbed into the territories of each shugo.
Japanese: この半済令の対象地は兵粮料所と呼ばれて当初は激戦地の8ヶ国に限定されていたが、南朝(日本)側がこれに対抗して朝用分制度を導入したこともあって次第に広がりを見せて全国的な半済へと至り、兵粮料所は事実上守護領に編入されることとなった。
English: The Chodoin was a state chamber of the Greater Imperial Palace (called daidairi) in the palace in the ancient times.
Japanese: 朝堂院（ちょうどういん）とは古代の都城における、宮城（大内裏）の正庁。
English: The origin of the Chodoin, the most important facility in the daidairi, can be traced back approximately to Emperor Suiko's Oharida Palace, which consisted of the three palaces: the daigokuden (council hall in the imperial palace), the chodo (the Imperial Court), and the choshuden (waiting hall for officials in the imperial palace).
Japanese: 推古天皇の小墾田宮（おはりだのみや）あたりに原型が見られ、大内裏の最も重要な施設であり、大極殿、朝堂（ちょうどう）、朝集殿（ちょうしゅうでん）の3種の殿舎からなっていた。
English: The emperor's Imperial throne called 'Takamikura' was placed in the daigokuden, the main hall of the palace, and the emperor was seated on it when attending a ceremony or granting an audience.
Japanese: 正殿である大極殿には天子の玉座である「高御座」（たかみくら）が据えられており、儀式や謁見の際に天皇が着座した。
English: The courtyard (called 'chotei') down from the daigokuden was lined with the chodo on its both sides, and on its south end were the east choshuden and the west choshuden.
Japanese: そこから左右に中庭（「朝庭」という）を挟むようにして朝堂が並び、南に東西朝集殿が建っていた。
English: The chodoin in Heijo-kyu Palace is said to have been strongly influenced by the gangenden (council hall) in Taimeikyu Palace in Chang'an city.
Japanese: 平城宮の朝堂院は長安城大明宮（たいめいきゅう）含元殿（がんげんでん）の影響が濃いといわれる。
English: The chodoin were also called 'Hasshoin;' they were originally administrative offices where government officials in Hassho (eight ministries and agencies) administered the government and the emperor made the final decision
Japanese: 朝堂院は別名「八省院」ともいい、もとは八省の官吏が国事を執務し、天子が決裁するための官庁であった。
English: After the peak period of Fujiwara-kyo (the Fujiwara Palace; the ancient capital of Fujiwara), the center of political and general affairs had gradually shifted from the chodoin to the kanga (government office) around them, and by the time of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), the scale of the chodoin had been reduced; as such, the chodoin came to be used mainly for rituals and ceremonies of the Imperial Court such as Choga (New Year's greetings or well-wishes offered by retainers to the Emperor), enthronement and a banquet.
Japanese: 藤原京の頃を頂点として、次第に政事庶務の中心が朝堂院から周辺官衙に移っていき、平安京の頃にはその規模は縮小され、朝賀や即位、饗宴など、主に朝廷の盛典、儀礼に用いられるようになった。
English: However, they were never rebuilt, after the burning down in 1177 in the Heian period, and then their roles were handed down to the dairi, emperor's private houses, and the temporary dairi called 'sato-dairi.'
Japanese: 平安時代、1177年（治承1）に焼失して以降は再建されず、その役割は天皇の私的な住まいである内裏や臨時の内裏である「里内裏」へと受け継がれていく。
English: The Heian-jingu Shrine, founded in1895, was a reconstruction of the chodoin in Heian-kyo on a smaller scale, and the main gate of the chodoin such as Oten-mon Gate and daigokuden were restored with the bright red colorant of Bengala, tiled roofs, foundation and pillars.
Japanese: 1895年（明治28年）に創建された平安神宮は平安京朝堂院の施設を縮小復元したものとなっており、朝堂院の正門である応天門や大極殿などがベンガラによる鮮やかな朱色塗りと瓦屋根、礎石列柱をもって復元されている。
English: The Eikyu no goso was a collective petition to the Imperial Court by a few thousand monks at the Kofuku-ji Temple on May 14, 1113, requesting Ensei, a sculptor of Buddhist statues who became a priest at Enryaku-ji Temple and was appointed to the position of the betto (the superior of a temple) of the Kiyomizu-dera Temple, a branch temple of the Kofuku-ji Temple, be dismissed from the position.
Japanese: 永久の強訴（えいきゅうのごうそ）とは、天永4年・永久(元号)元年（1113年）、興福寺の末寺・清水寺の別当に延暦寺で出家した仏師・円勢が任じられたことから閏3月20日に数千人の興福寺大衆が人事の停止を求めて行われた強訴のこと。
English: Ensei led the construction of Buddhist statues at the Hossho-ji Temple and the Sonsho-ji Temple, and because of this, the aggressive appointment was processed as if it had been a reward for his service to the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.
Japanese: 円勢は法勝寺・尊勝寺の仏像群の造立を主導しており、白河法皇への奉仕に対する論功行賞ともいえる強引な人事だった。
English: The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa yielded to the petition, and thus the petition was expected to stop; however, monks for the Enryaku-ji Temple took retaliatory action on May 23 because monks for the Kofuku-ji Temple beat the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of the Gion-sha Shrine when visiting the capital.
Japanese: 法皇は譲歩し一旦は終結するかに思われたが、興福寺大衆が上洛の折に祇園社神人に暴行を働いたたため、29日に延暦寺大衆が報復する。