nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Tsurimono tarako,' which is tarako produced from raw material fish, caught off the Sea of Japan coast of Hokkaido by haenawa-ryo (fishing by using haenawa) using tsuriko (a way of fishing), is very rare and not stably supplied in the markets.
Japanese: 主に北海道日本海沿岸で延縄漁によって漁獲され、釣り子などの漁で漁獲される「釣り物たらこ」はたいへん希少であり、市場で安定的に出回ることはまずない。
English: The sales ratio of karashi-mentaiko to tarako is about 7:3, it is said that the market of karashi-mentaiko produced by marinating tarako in hot pepper sauce is larger than that of tarako.
Japanese: 辛子明太子とたらこの販売比率は73程度で、たらこを唐辛子漬けに加工した辛子明太子の市場が多いとされる。
English: Tarako produced in Kojohama has become a brand product called 'kojohama-no-tarako' (salted cod roe made in Kojohama), which has been sold in television home shopping programs.
Japanese: テレビなどの通販番組でも、「虎杖浜産のたらこ」として扱うなどブランド化。
English: It is said that, the development of Walleye pollack fishing which replaced the Pacific cod fishing that stagnated around 1903 in Hokkaido, led the production of cod roes to begin, and by that, the tarako has become widespread.
Japanese: 明治36年頃、北海道で不振であったマダラにかわってスケトウダラの漁が発展したことから卵の加工が始まり、その影響でたらこが普及するようになったと言われている。
English: Thereafter, tarako has spread all over Japan, and today Kojohama of Shiraoi-cho, Hokkaido has become the most famous production area of tarako in Japan.
Japanese: その後は日本全土に広まり、現在日本では北海道白老町の虎杖浜が一番有名な産地となっている。
English: In 2006, 'Tarako, tarako, tarako' was released as a commercial song for a processed food using tarako.
Japanese: 2006年にはたらこを使用した加工食品のCMソングとして「たらこ・たらこ・たらこ」がリリースされた。
English: Today the word 'mentaiko' is used to mean 'karashi-mentaiko' in most parts of Japan, but the word is tricky to use in that in some parts of western Japan such as Fukuoka Prefecture, the home of karashi-mentaiko, the word is used to mean 'tarako' without being marinated with hot pepper sauce, which is explained above in this article, and we need to pay attention since the word is clearly distinguished from the word 'karashi-mentaiko.'
Japanese: 「明太子」という言葉は、現在、全国的に見れば「辛子明太子」の事を指す言葉として使われる場合が多いが、「辛子明太子」の本場福岡県をはじめとした西日本の一部地域ではトウガラシを使わない、本稿で説明している「たらこ」を示す言葉として、辛子明太子とは明確に使い分けられるため注意が必要である。
English: The original meaning comes from the combination of 'myonte'(明太), a Korean word, or 'mindai,' a Russian word, both meaning Walleye pollack with the last character "子"(roe).
Japanese: 本来、「スケトウダラ」を示す朝鮮語「ミョンテ」（明太）、またはロシア語「ミンダイ」の子という意味の言葉である。
English: Assumedly, as karashi-mentaiko became a popular souvenir and more and more karashi-mentaiko was brought to places where the word 'mentaiko' means tarako was not known, the word 'mentaiko' came to be used and spread as an abbreviation of 'karashi-mentaiko.'
Japanese: 元々たらこを示す言葉としての「明太子」が使われない地域において、お土産としてメジャーになった「辛子明太子」がもたらされるうちに、その「辛子明太子」の略称として「明太子」という言葉が全国的に広がっていった物と考えられる。
English: Tarako is featured in a mascot character named 'Tarako Kewpie' used in commercials for a product of Kewpie Corporation, and also used as a motif in 'Tarako Dai-sakusen' (The Blitz of Salted Cod Roe), a character of Crux (stationery company).
Japanese: キユーピーのコマーシャルメッセージキャラクター「たらこキユーピー」やクラックスのキャラクター「たらこ大作戦」は、たらこをモチーフとしている。
English: Thick lips or people having thick lips are sometimes mockingly called "tarako-kuchibiru," because tarako look like thick lips.
Japanese: 厚い唇や厚い唇をした人の事を、その形状の類似からたらこくちびると揶揄する事がある。
English: Tarako is sometimes used for a derogatory term for the color (vermillion No. 5) of coating of diesel trains which former Japanese National Railway used in its late period.
Japanese: 旧日本国有鉄道末期の気動車の塗装（朱色5号一色）の蔑称で使われることがある。
English: Giccho is a game in which one party smashes a wooden ball aimed at the other party's side by swinging a wooden cane with a wooden mallet head at the end.
Japanese: 毬杖（ぎっちょう）は、木製の槌（つち）をつけた木製の杖を振るい、木製の毬を相手陣に打ち込む遊びのことである。
English: A theory suggests that the term "hidari-giccho" (lefty) was derived from the matter that a left-handed person would hold Giccho (wooden cane) in the left hand.
Japanese: 左利きの人が毬杖を左手に持ったことから、ひだりぎっちょうの語源とする説もある。
English: "Honchorigen" suggests another etymology in its description that 'the reason lefties are generally called "giccho" is in the Chinese character "左義長" (Sagicho (ritual bonfire of New Year's decorations)), which also means people who mainly use the left hand.'
Japanese: 『本朝俚諺』には、「俗間に、左の手の利きたる人をぎっちょといへるは、左義長といふ意、左専（もっぱ）らききたるに準（なら）ふ」とある。
English: Kyoto Shimbun is a local newspaper published mainly in Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures.
Japanese: 京都新聞（きょうとしんぶん）は京都府と滋賀県を中心に発行されている地方紙。
English: With its headquarters in Otsu City as well as in Kyoto City, Kyoto Shimbun has become established as the most-read newspaper in both Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures.
Japanese: 京都市に加え、大津市にも本社を置き、両府県の主読紙として定着している。
English: It carries a large number of articles on historical or cultural issues and on universities, due to the characteristics of Kyoto which abounds in historical, cultural heritages and universities.
Japanese: 京都には歴史的な文化財が多く存在し、また多数の大学が設置されている特性から、歴史・文化関係の記事や大学の記事が多い。
English: Its editions are sold not only in Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures but also in Osaka Prefecture (Yodoyabashi Station, Temmabashi Station and Kuzuha Station of the Keihan Main Line, kiosks in Whity Umeda and a part of Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun) and Nara Prefecture (kiosks in Takanohara Station of the Kintetsu Kyoto Line).
Japanese: 京都府、滋賀県以外にも大阪府（京阪本線の淀屋橋駅・天満橋駅・樟葉駅、ホワイティうめだ内の売店や三島郡(大阪府)島本町の一部）や奈良県（近鉄京都線の高の原駅の売店）で販売されている。
English: The distribution of newspapers and the sales of advertisements are conducted by 'Kyoto Shimbun COM Co., Ltd.' spun off from Kyoto Shimbun Co., Ltd., and printing of newspapers is conducted by 'The Kyoto Shimbun Printing Co., Ltd.'
Japanese: 新聞販売と広告営業などの事業は京都新聞社本社から分社化された「（株）京都新聞COM」が、新聞印刷事業は「（株）京都新聞印刷」行っている。
English: In Shiga Prefecture, the distribution area of Kyoto Shimbun overlaps that of Chunichi Shimbun, which is a block newspaper.
Japanese: なお、滋賀県ではブロック紙の中日新聞と販売エリアがバッティングしている。
English: While Chunichi Shimbun has a large share in the east of the prefecture including Hikone City, Kyoto Shimbun is widely distributed in the west of the prefecture including Otsu City.
Japanese: 中日新聞は彦根市など県東部を中心にシェアが高く、大津市など県西部では京都新聞のシェアが高い。
English: 1882: Kyoto Shinpo was renamed 'Kyoto Shiga Shinpo' and started to put headlines in its paper for the first time in Kansai.
Japanese: 1882年　京都新報を「京都滋賀新報」と改題、関西で初めて紙面に見出しを付ける
English: 1931: Kobe Shimbun Co., Ltd., Jiji Shinpo, the Osaka Jiji Shinpo News and Kyoto Nichinichi Shimbun Co., Ltd. merged into Santo Godo Shimbun Co., Ltd.
Japanese: 1931年　神戸新聞社・時事新報大阪時事新報・京都日日の3社が合併、三都合同新聞社発足
English: 1942: Due to the wartime press controls, Kyoto Nichinichi shimbun and Kyoto Hinode shimbun were merged together, and launched 'Kyoto Shimbun.'
Japanese: 1942年　戦時報道統制により、京都日日新聞と京都日出新聞が合併「京都新聞」を創刊
English: The Kyoto Shimbun acquired 'Kyoto Nichinichi shimbun,' an evening paper launched after the Second World War, and renamed it 'Evening Edition, Kyoto Shimbun,' as one of its first measures for reviving the morning and evening editions system.
Japanese: 11月、戦後創刊の夕刊「京都日日新聞」を合併し「夕刊・京都新聞」として発行、朝夕刊制復活の口火を切る
English: 1956: Joined the operation of Shiga Nichinichi shimbun (and after its closing down in 1979, made it into the Shiga Headquarters).
Japanese: 1956年　滋賀日日新聞の経営に参加（1979年に同紙休刊後、滋賀本社に継承）
English: 1983: Completed the transition to the new printing plate processing system, and ended the 93 years history of lead plates.
Japanese: 1983年　新刷版システムに紙面移行完了、鉛版93年の歴史に幕を下ろす
English: 1994: Entered into the 'Agreement for Assistance to Publishing Newspapers in an Emergency' with Kobe Shimbun Co., Ltd.
Japanese: 1994年　神戸新聞社と「緊急事態発生時における新聞発行援助協定」を締結。
English: When the main building of Kobe Shimbun Co., Ltd. was completely destroyed by the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake on January 17, 1995, The Kyoto Shimbun Co., Ltd. produced and published the Kobe Shimbun News in accordance with the above-mentioned agreement.
Japanese: 1995年1月17日の阪神・淡路大震災で神戸新聞の本社屋が全壊した際、この協定をもとに京都新聞社で神戸新聞の紙面を制作・発行した
English: The company was split into these three, The Kyoto Shimbun Co.,Ltd. (group control, editing and production), Kyoto Shimbun COM Corporation Limited (sales of advertisements and distribution of newspapers) and The Kyoto Shimbun Printing Corporation Limited (printing of newspapers).
Japanese: 株式会社京都新聞社（グループ統括・編集・製作）、株式会社京都新聞COM（広告営業・新聞販売）、株式会社京都新聞印刷（新聞印刷）の3社に分割。
English: 2007: The Kyoto Shimbun Co., Ltd. produced the evening edition of September 22 and the morning edition of September 23 of the Kobe Shimbun News, due to the machine failure on the part of Kobe Shimbun Co.,Ltd.
Japanese: 2007年　神戸新聞社の機器故障により、9月22日夕刊・9月23日朝刊の神戸新聞について、紙面制作を京都新聞社で行う。
English: The Book of 90-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Committee) published on June 1, 1969; 575 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞九十年史（京都新聞社史編さん委員会編）1969年6月1日発行、575ページ。
English: The Small Book of the History of Kyoto Shimbun Company Limited (edited by The Small Book of the History of Kyoto Shimbun Creating Committee) published in March, 1974; 230 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞社小史（京都新聞社小史作成委員会編）1974年3月発行、230ページ。
English: The Book of 100-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Subcommittee) published in December, 1979; 661 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞百年史（京都新聞社史編さん小委員会編）1979年12月発行、661ページ。
English: The Small Book of 105-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The Company History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Committee) published in June, 1984; 203 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞一〇五年小史（京都新聞社社史編さん委員会編）1984年6月発行、203ページ。
English: The Book of 110-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by Kyoto Shimbun's 110th Anniversary Celebration Executive Committee, Company History Editing Group Meeting) published in October, 1989; 488 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞110年史（京都新聞創刊110年記念事業実行委員会社史編さん部会編）1989年10月発行、488ページ。
English: The Small Book of 115- year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The Small Book of 115-year History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Committee) published in October, 1994; 261 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞115年小史（京都新聞115年小史編纂委員会編）1994年10月発行、261ページ。
English: The Book of 120-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by Kyoto Shimbun's 120th Anniversary Celebration Executive Committee, Company History Editing Group Meeting) published in October, 1999; 303 pages.
Japanese: 京都新聞120年史（京都新聞創刊120年記念事業実行委員会社史編さん部会編）1999年10月発行、303ページ。
English: Kyoto Shimbun relays the commentary on the contents of its evening editions to "Kyoto Shimbun Kirari Yukan," an evening program of the Kyoto Broadcasting System.
Japanese: 京都放送の夕方の番組京都新聞きらり夕刊で夕刊の解説をKBS京都と中継をむすんでいる。
English: Maizuru City, Miyazu City, Ayabe City, Kyotango City, Nantan City, Kyotanabe City, Kizugawa City, Hikone City, Nagahama City, Omihachiman City, Takashima City and Nagoya City
Japanese: 舞鶴市　宮津市　綾部市　京丹後市　南丹市　京田辺市　木津川市　彦根市　長浜市　近江八幡市　高島市　名古屋市
English: Because cats would get rid of mice that feed on agricultural crops and silkworms, a maneki-neko was a lucky charm for sericulture in ancient times.
Japanese: 猫は農作物やカイコを食べるネズミを駆除するため、古くは養蚕の縁起物でもあった。
English: It is believed that a cat with the right paw (forepaw) raised brings economic fortune and that with the left paw (forepaw) raised attracts people (customers).
Japanese: 右手（前脚）を挙げている猫は金運を招き、左手（前脚）を挙げている猫は人（客）を招くとされる。
English: Many people, however, dislike these because they look as if they have thrown up their hands after having wished too much, that is, after having wished to acquire economic fortune and customers at the same time.
Japanese: だが、“欲張り過ぎると「お手上げ万歳」になるのが落ち”と嫌う人が多い。
English: Generally, a maneki-neko depicts a calico cat as shown in the photograph, but in recent years there have been not only traditional maneki-neko in white, red or black but also ones in pink, blue or gold.
Japanese: 一般には写真のように三毛猫であるが、近年では、地の色が伝統的な白や赤、黒の他に、ピンクや青、金色のものもある。
English: Each color has a different meaning, so that a blue maneki-neko is believed to bring 'academic achievement' or 'traffic safety,' and a pink one is believed to bring 'good luck in love' to the owner.
Japanese: 色によっても「学業向上」や「交通安全」（青）、「恋愛」（ピンク）など、意味が違う。
English: In ancient Japan, a black cat symbolized an amulet or good fortune as 'fukuneko' (a good-luck cat) because it could see also in the night.
Japanese: 黒い猫は、昔の日本では『夜でも目が見える』等の理由から、「福猫」として魔除けや幸運の象徴とされた。
English: Red was believed to be a color of protecting people from smallpox or measles, so a red maneki-neko referred to protection from infectious disease.
Japanese: また、赤色は疱瘡や麻疹が嫌う色、といわれてきたため、赤い招き猫は病除けの意味を持つ。
English: Naotaka Ii, the second lord of the Hikone domain in the Edo period, passed the gate at Gotoku-ji Temple on the way back from a falconry.
Japanese: 江戸時代に彦根藩第二代藩主・井伊直孝が鷹狩りの帰りに豪徳寺の前を通りかかった。
English: Then a cat of the Osho (a priest) of the temple made a gesture in front of the gate, as if it had beckoned to him.
Japanese: そのときこの寺の和尚の飼い猫が門前で手招きするような仕草をしていた。
English: Because Naotaka was glad to have avoided the rain, he later made a large donation to the deserted Gotoku-ji Temple in order to rebuild it.
Japanese: 雨に降られずにすんだことを喜んだ直孝は、後日荒れていた豪徳寺を建て直すために多額の寄進をした。
English: Since then, people have produced ornaments called manegineko (an inviting cat) in the shape of a cat raising a paw.
Japanese: 猫が片手をあげている姿をかたどった招福猫児（まねぎねこ）がつくられるようになった。
English: When Naotaka was taking cover from the rain under a tree at Gotoku-ji Temple, he saw a calico cat that was beckoning to him.
Japanese: 直孝が豪徳寺の一本の木の下で雨宿りをしていたところ、一匹の三毛猫が手招きをしていた。
English: As Naotaka approached the cat, the tree under which he had taken cover from the rain just a few moments earlier was struck by lightning.
Japanese: 直孝がその猫に近づいたところ、先ほど雨宿りをしていた木に雷が落ちた。
English: However, any maneki-neko sold in the precincts of Gotoku-ji Temple has its right paw (forepaw) raised and does not hold a koban (a former Japanese oval gold coin).
Japanese: だが、豪徳寺の境内で販売されている招き猫は全部右手（右前足）を掲げ、小判を持っていない。
English: This is because the temple became an ancestral temple of the Ii family and a left hand means an unhallowed hand for a samurai.
Japanese: これは井伊家の菩提寺になったことが原因で、武士にとって左手は不浄の手のためである。
English: Although a maneki-neko brings opportunity to the owner, it does not bring a good result, which refers to the koban in this case.
Japanese: 「招き猫は機会を与えてくれるが、結果（＝この場合小判）までついてくるわけではない。
English: According to one of these theories, Dokan OTA, who was outnumbered in the Egota-numagukuro Battle and got lost, saw a cat beckoning to him.
Japanese: ひとつは、江古田・沼袋原の戦いで、劣勢に立たされ道に迷った太田道灌の前に猫が現れて手招きをした。
English: Because this event had led Dokan OTA to succeed in regaining his strength, he later dedicated a Jizo Bosatsu (Jizo Bodhisattva) of the cat to the temple.
Japanese: これをきっかけに盛り返すことに成功した太田道灌は、この猫の地蔵菩薩を奉納した。
English: According to another theory, a wealthy merchant who had lost a child in the mid-Edo period dedicated a guardian deity of cats to Jishoin Temple in order to pray for the soul of the child.
Japanese: もうひとつは、江戸時代中期に、豪商が子供をなくし、その冥福を祈るために猫地蔵を自性院に奉納した。
English: Additionally, there are other theories such as one originating from Saiho-ji Temple, Toshima Ward, Tokyo, and one that originates from folk beliefs.
Japanese: 他にも、東京都豊島区の西方寺起源説、民間信仰説などいくつもの説がある。
English: Moreover, maneki-neko as well as Daruma dolls are produced in the suburbs of Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture, through the same process as that used to make Daruma dolls.
Japanese: ほかに群馬県の高崎市近郊などで、だるまとともに、同じ製法で生産されている。
English: In recent years, some maneki-neko have been made of plastic, and numerous maneki-neko are still distributed every year.
Japanese: 更に近年はプラスチック製品なども登場し、今でも毎年数多くの招き猫が流通している。
English: Kuru fuku maneki-neko matsuri (Festival of coming fortune and maneki-neko) is held mainly on a weekend around Maneki-neko Day in Ise City, Mie Prefecture, Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, Shimabara City, Nagasaki Prefecture and other places.
Japanese: この日の前後の土日を中心に、三重県伊勢市、愛知県瀬戸市、長崎県島原市などで来る福招き猫まつりが開催されている。
English: At Kishi Station on the Kishigawa Line operated by the Wakayama Electric Railway Co., Ltd., a calico cat called 'Tama' (cat stationmaster Tama) is nominated as stationmaster, which is expected to become a real welcoming cat.
Japanese: 和歌山電鐵和歌山電鐵貴志川線の貴志駅では、招き猫になることを期待され、三毛猫の「たま(猫の駅長)」が駅長に任命されている。
English: A maneki-neko producer in Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, modeled a special maneki-neko after Tama to give it to Kishi Station as a gift.
Japanese: このたま駅長をモデルにして、愛知県瀬戸市の招き猫メーカーが制作した特製の招き猫が貴志駅に贈られている。
English: Yoshihisa NARUSE, a pitcher of the Chiba Lotte Marines, makes a similar posture to that of a maneki-neko in his pitching motion.
Japanese: 千葉ロッテマリーンズの成瀬善久投手は招き猫のような投げ方(をする)。
English: Therefore, his pitching form is nicknamed the 'maneki-neko' pitching style.
Japanese: (そこ)から、投球フォームに招き猫投法というニックネームをつけられている。
English: Sometimes, on the streets of China, one can also see maneki-neko with the function of moving a paw.
Japanese: 中国でも街角にて、手を振る機能を備えた、金色の招き猫を見ることがある。
English: At many shops in Taiwan, maneki-neko identical to those found in Japan have been placed out front or behind the register since the Japanese cultural boom of the 1990s.
Japanese: 台湾では1990年代の日本文化ブーム以来、日本と同じ型の招き猫を店先やレジスターの後ろなどに置いている店が多い。
English: They often place several maneki-neko with different colors and postures at store fronts, wishing to receive several benefits.
Japanese: さまざまなご利益を受けるために、複数種の色やポーズの招き猫を店先に並べることも多い。
English: Maneki-neko of approximately the same model as in Japan are often placed at the entrances of restaurants, etc.
Japanese: レストランの入り口などに日本のものとほぼ同じ型の招き猫がよく置かれている。
English: Because maneki-neko are also popular in the U.S., they're manufactured as souvenirs for Americans or for export to the U.S.
Japanese: 招き猫はアメリカでも人気があり、お土産用や輸出用としても製作されている。
English: These maneki-neko are referred to as "dollar cats," "welcome cats" or "lucky cats."
Japanese: これらは“dollarcat”や“welcomecat”や“luckycat”と呼ばれる。
English: (Particularly, one holding a U.S. dollar coin is called "a dollar cat.")
Japanese: （特にアメリカ合衆国ドルを抱えたものを“dollarcat”と呼ぶ）。
English: But these maneki-neko have their paws turned in the opposite direction as those in Japan, and consequently they face the back of their paw to the front.
Japanese: ただし、手の方向が日本と逆向きで、手の甲に当たる部分を前に向けている。
English: "Yuzu kosho" (also called Yuzu gosho) is a type of condiment that is made by seasoning a paste of chili and yuzu peel with salt and then matured.
Japanese: 柚子胡椒（ゆずこしょう、ゆずごしょう）とは、トウガラシとユズの果皮のペーストに塩をブレンドして熟成させた調味料の一種である。
English: In various regions of Kyushu, 'chili pepper' is referred to as 'kosho.'
Japanese: 九州の一部では、このように「トウガラシ」のことを「胡椒」と呼ぶ地域が少なからずある。
English: Yuzu kosho is normally made from green chilies, but red peppers are also used in some cases.
Japanese: 唐辛子は青唐辛子を用いるのが一般的であるが、赤唐辛子が用いられる場合もある。
English: Yuzu kosho made from green chilies is green, while that made from red peppers looks orange.
Japanese: 青唐辛子を使った柚子胡椒は緑色、赤唐辛子を使った柚子胡椒は橙色を呈する。
English: The best-known product is offered by Fundokin Shoyu Co., Ltd., which produces soy sauce, soybean paste, etc., mainly for the market in Kyushu.
Japanese: 最も有名なものは、九州を主要市場とする醤油や味噌を中心としたメーカーであるフンドーキンの製品である。
English: Given yuzu kosho's growth in popularity, it has recently become available in supermarkets and other shops in the Kanto region.
Japanese: 柚子胡椒の人気が高まるにつれ、最近では関東地方のスーパーなどでも見かけるようになった。
English: In recent years, nationwide well-known producers such as House Foods Corp., S&B Foods, Inc. and McCormick & Company, Inc. (a joint venture with Lion Corporation) have entered the market.
Japanese: また、近年では、ハウス食品、エスビー食品、マコーミック（ライオン(企業)）といった全国的によく知られたメーカーも参入している。
English: Usually a green yuzu peel is used with green chilies, while a yellow yuzu peel is applied to red peppers.
Japanese: 一般に青唐辛子を使う場合は青い柚子の皮を、赤唐辛子を使う場合は黄色い柚子の皮を使用する。
English: Karasumi is a food product made from fish roe, which is first salted down and then sun-dried after some of the salt is removed in water.
Japanese: カラスミ（鱲子）は、魚の卵巣を塩漬けし、塩抜き後、天日干しで乾燥させたもの。
English: The Karasumi produced in Nagasaki Prefecture using mullet roe is famous in Japan, while the Karasumi produced in Kagawa Prefecture using roe of Spanish mackerel caught in the fishing grounds of Japan is also known.
Japanese: 日本ではボラを用いた長崎県産のものが有名だが、香川県ではサワラを用いる。
English: Besides Japan, Taiwan, Spain, Egypt and the Italian island of Sardinia also produce Karasumi.
Japanese: 日本以外でも台湾やイタリアのサルデーニャ島、スペイン、エジプトでも作られる。
English: Its flavor, which is similar to sticky, salty cheese, is highly valued as a high-class accompaniment to drinks.
Japanese: ねっとりとした塩分の濃いチーズのような味わいは、高級な肴として珍重される。
English: Karasumi is served in various ways, including as an hors d'oeuvre by slicing it thinly and as Karasumi-vinegar by grating and mixing it with vinegar.
Japanese: 薄く切り分けてオードブルに供したり、すりおろして酢を混ぜてからすみ酢にしたりして使用する。
English: It is generally believed that the name "Karasumi" is derived from a block of sumi (ink stick) imported from China, based on the similarity of appearance.
Japanese: 名前の由来はその形状が中国製の墨、すなわち唐墨に似ている所から付けられたというのが定説になっている。
English: After washing it with water gently, smear it with salt and pickle it in a barrel for three to six days.
Japanese: ていねいに水洗いし、1尾分の卵巣に食塩を塗りつけ、樽で3-6日漬ける。
English: Place the roe side by side on an inclined board, and then apply pressure by piling about five boards onto them.
Japanese: 斜めにした板の上にならべ、その上に板を載せ、5段ほどにして加圧する。
English: The Karasumi production process is complete after about ten days of sun-drying, during which the oil that rises to the surface should be wiped away.
Japanese: 表面に浮き出る脂を拭き取りながら、約10日間の天日干しを繰り返して仕上げる。
English: Karasumi has been produced in Greece and Egypt since long ago, being salted down for consumption.
Japanese: からすみは古くからギリシャ・エジプトに産し、塩漬けにして食膳に上がっていた。
English: As a historical document pertaining to Karasumi, there is a document that apparently states that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ate Karasumi.
Japanese: 歴史的なからすみに関する文献としては、豊臣秀吉が食したというものがあるとされている。
English: In the document, compiled in the early Edo period, there is a record stating that an official liaison (warimoto) Sagoemon-yoshishige SHINOZAWA in Iwamurata, Saku County, Shinano Province, donated materials (including dishes) to Munetoshi AOYAMA, Inaba no kami (the governor of Inaba Province), as well as the lord of Komoro Castle on the night of December 3, 1648.
Japanese: 江戸時代初期の文献では、慶安元年1648年10月19日夜に信濃国佐久郡岩村田の割元職の篠澤佐五右衛門良重が小諸城主青山因幡守宗俊公に料理等を献上した記録がある。
English: Karasumi was served that day, being displayed on a four-legged wooden tray called "Oshiki."
Japanese: 当日からすみは、足打（折敷）という木製の器に盛られて提供されている。
English: This document, which belongs to his descendant Akiyoshi SHINOZAWA, is currently open to public viewing at Saku Municipal Mochizuki City Museum of History and Folklore.
Japanese: この文献は子孫の篠澤明剛氏が所有しているが、現在は佐久市立望月歴史民族資料館にて一般公開されている。
English: Yusuke TAKANO created the Karasumi production process in 1675 by using the roe of mullet, which were caught in large quantities in the Nomozaki district of Nagasaki Prefecture.
Japanese: 延宝三年（1675年）、高野勇助が長崎県・野母崎方面でよく捕れる鯔の卵で製造することを案出した。
English: In Taiwan, Karasumi is called "U-yu-tsu" in the Beijing dialect of Chinese and "O-hi-ji" in Taiwanese.
Japanese: 台湾では「烏魚子」（北京語：ウーユーツ、台湾語オーヒージー）という。
English: Stripping away the thin membrane covering the surface of the roe, the Taiwanese puts a small amount of sake on it and roasts both sides of the roe over a low flame for a few minutes until the surfaces become crispy and show white eruptions.
Japanese: 台湾での食べ方は表面の薄い膜を剥ぎ取ってから、酒を表面に軽く塗り、弱火で裏表を一、二分ずつ繰り返し火あぶり、表面が白くぶつぶつになるまでかりかりに焼き上げる。
English: Karasumi is called "bottarga" or "enbotargo" in Italy.
Japanese: イタリアでは、イタリア語でボッタルガ（Bottarga）またはボタルゴ（enBotargo）という。
English: Bottarga is made not only from mullet roe but also from the roe of other ocean fish such as cod and tuna.
Japanese: ボッタルガは必ずしもボラの卵巣だけを使用するのではなく、タラやマグロなど他の海水魚の卵巣を利用するものもある。
English: Tarako spaghetti originated as spaghetti mixed with caviare instead of being mixed with bottarga.
Japanese: この料理の起源はキャビアのスパゲティであり、ボッタルガスパゲティではない。
English: Kusazoshi illustrated pulp books are a form of light popular literature of the Edo period with pictures taking centre stage supported by story outlines written in phonetic Japanese.
Japanese: 草双紙（くさぞうし）とは、江戸時代の戯作文芸の一種で、絵を中心に仮名で筋書きが書き込まれた物語。
English: Most were targeted at children; however, in time some adult oriented versions were written which included plays on words and amusing stories.
Japanese: 子供向けのものが多かったが、次第に大人向けの洒落たものや滑稽なものが書かれるようになった。
English: Many were given as new year gifts and content comprised of folktales with a strong instructive leaning such as Momotaro (Peach Boy), Tongue Cut Sparrow, Monkey Crab War, as well as picture stories etc.
Japanese: 桃太郎、舌切り雀、さるかに合戦などの昔話や絵解きなど、教育的な要素が強く、正月の贈答品にもなっていた。