nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: During his reign he tried to control the court nobles in order to abolish the politics; and after the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) started getting involved in politics, he passed the throne to Emperor Gofushimi in 1298 and started ruling the cloister government.
Japanese: 治世中門閥貴族による政治の打破などに力を入れるが、鎌倉幕府の干渉が強まると1298年、後伏見天皇に譲位して院政を執り行った。
English: However, after three years (in 1301) the Daikaku ji line took back the political control and Emperor Gonijo succeeded to the throne.
Japanese: しかし、3年後の1301年には、大覚寺統の巻き返しにより後二条天皇に譲位している。
English: In 1308, the political maneuverings of the emperor against the Kamakura bakufu proved successful and the fourth prince was enthroned as Emperor Hanazono, with Emperor Fushimi resuming cloistered rule.
Japanese: 1308年に幕府への工作が成功し、第四皇子・花園天皇の即位を実現させ、再び院政を敷いた。
English: During the reign of Emperor Fushimi, there was a dispute over who wielded political power as the Jimyo-in and Daikaku-ji lines were unable to come to an agreement.
Japanese: 伏見天皇の時代は、持明院統と大覚寺統が解決策を見つけられず綱引きをしていた時代である。
English: Emperor Fushimi's politic ironically followed his opposition, the retired Emperor Kameyama; he worked actively to restore the authority of the Imperial Palace by reforming the court institution of the palace or establishing Kiroku Shoen Ken kei sho (an office established in the Heian period to prevent having municipa manor)
Japanese: 伏見天皇の政治は皮肉にも政敵である亀山上皇の政策を踏襲したものであり、朝廷における訴訟機構の刷新や記録荘園券契所の充実などにより政治的権威の回復に積極的に取り組んだ。
English: He was also strongly suspicious toward the Kamakura bakufu, which had tried to get involved in the succession of the Imperial Throne; during his reign there was even a rumor that the Emperor had an intention to defeat the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: また、皇位継承に介入する鎌倉幕府に対して強い不信感を持ち、在世中は倒幕画策の噂が立てられるほどであった。
English: Thus there is a theory that the reason the Emperor's poet teacher and closest aide, Tamekane KYOGOKU, was exiled twice was because the Kamakura bakufu wanted to send a warning to the Emperor in response to his actions against them.
Japanese: このため、天皇の和歌の師で一番の側近であった京極為兼が二度も流刑となっているのは、天皇が反幕府的な動きを取った事に対する見せしめではないかという説も唱えられている。
English: Additionally, he was called Jimyo in dono, the name of the successive sento (the palace for a retired emperor) Imperial Palace of Jimyo in line, and also the name of the place where Emperor Fushimi died.
Japanese: また、持明院統代々の仙洞御所であり伏見天皇崩御の場でもある持明院殿とも称された。
English: The Emperor was entombed with successive Emperors of Jimyo in to in Fukakusa kita no misasagi or also called as Fukakusa ju-ni tei ryo, Fukakusa bo-cho Town, in the Fushimi Ward of Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市伏見区深草坊町の深草十二帝陵こと深草北陵（ふかくさきたのみささぎ）に持明院統歴代とともに葬られた。
English: Emperor Sakuramachi (February 8, 1720 - May 28, 1750), the 115th Emperor, reigned during the Edo period (from April 13, 1735 to June 9, 1747).
Japanese: 桜町天皇（さくらまちてんのう、享保5年1月1日（1720年2月8日）-寛延3年4月23日（1750年5月28日））は、江戸時代の第115代天皇（在位享保20年3月21日（1735年4月13日）-延享4年5月2日（1747年6月9日））。
English: In 1728 he became the crown prince, and in 1735 he ascended the throne after his father passed it to him.
Japanese: 享保13年（1728年）に立太子、同20年（1735年）に父帝の譲位により践祚。
English: He had the help and support of the Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, and the chancellor (chief adviser to the Emperor), Kaneka ICHIJO, and accordingly he endeavored to restore the events of the Imperial Palace, such as the Great Thanksgiving Service (after the Emperor's enthronement), or other events such as the Harvest Festival and Hohen shi (an imperial messenger to a Shinto shrine).
Japanese: 江戸幕府の征夷大将軍徳川吉宗の助力と関白一条兼香の補佐を得て朝廷の儀式の復古に力を入れ、大嘗祭の再復活や新嘗祭、奉幣使などの他の儀礼の復活にも力を注いだ。
English: Additionally, he called himself 'The Great Japanese Emperor, Imperial Prince Teruhito,' so it is presumed that he tried to improve the status of the Emperor by restoring the Court Council.
Japanese: また、自ら「大日本天皇昭仁親王」と記していることから、朝儀の復興を通して天皇の権威向上に努めていたことが窺える。
English: In 1747, he abdicated and passed the throne to Emperor Momozono and started a cloister government; however, he died of heart failure due to the beriberi disease (1750).
Japanese: 延享4年（1747年）桃園天皇に譲位して院政を開始するが、寛延3年（1750年）に脚気衝心により31歳で崩御。
English: There is a theory that the Emperor abdicated under pressure from the government after the publication of "Modern Japanese History," by Soho TOKUTOMI; however, it is considered that after his abdication, he aimed to focus on ruling the cloister government without pressure from the government, doing so by actively promoting political and academic programs.
Japanese: なお、徳富蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』以来、天皇が幕府の圧力によって退位したとする説があるが、実際には退位後においても積極的に政治や学問の振興策を主導しており、むしろ幕府からの干渉を避けるために院政による政治運営を行う狙いがあったと考えられている。
English: However, he only had three years in power, which wasn't sufficient to rule the cloister government in fulfillment of his goal.
Japanese: ただ、院政を充実させるには残された3年という期間は余りにも短すぎるものであった。
English: According to "Okina gusa," by Teikan KANZAWA, the Emperor was called the return of Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku), since they had similarities such as a New Year's birthday and there was a fire on the day of birth, or that they both achieved a lot in politics; moreover, the famous historian and court noble, Motomitsu YANAGIHARA, referred to the Emperor as 'the first Saint Emperor since the peaceful era of Engi and Tenryaku.'
Japanese: 神沢貞幹の『翁草』によると生まれが元旦でそのとき火事があり且つ実績も立派という共通点から聖徳太子の再来といわれ、歴史家としても知られた公家の柳原紀光も「延喜・天暦の治以来の聖代である」と評したという。
English: He was a talented poet as he received teachings of Kokinshu (Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern) from Mitsuhide KARASUMARU; his poems are edited in "Collection of Tanka Poetry by the Retired Emperor Sakuramachi" and "Sakuramachiin bochu onkai waka."
Japanese: 烏丸光栄に古今伝授を受けるなど歌道に優れ、御製は『桜町院御集』や『桜町院坊中御会和歌』としてまとめられている。
English: Additionally, the Emperor edited and completed "Tozui Ruidai," the poetry collection of his great grandfather, the Emperor Reigen.
Japanese: また曽祖父・霊元天皇の御製を分類して『桃蕊類題（とうずいるいだい）』を残している。
English: He was also a talented painter, and his artwork titled 'Portrait of Sanekage MUSHANOKOJI,' housed at the Tokyo National Museum, is designated as an art treasure.
Japanese: 絵画にも優れ、東京国立博物館にある「武者小路実陰肖像画」は重要美術品に指定されている。
English: Emperor Gomizunoo (June 29, 1596 - September 11, 1680) was the 108th Emperor (his reign lasted from May 9, 1611 to December 22, 1629).
Japanese: 後水尾天皇（ごみずのおてんのう、慶長元年6月4日（1596年6月29日）-延宝8年8月19日（1680年9月11日）在位：慶長16年3月27日（1611年5月9日）-寛永6年11月8日（1629年12月22日）は第108代天皇である。
English: Emperor Goyozei wanted to get rid of the crown prince (the first prince), Imperial Prince Katahito (monk-Prince Kakushin), who had been appointed according to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's disposition, and wanted to make his own decision as to who should be the next Emperor.
Japanese: 後陽成天皇はかねてから豊臣秀吉の意向で立てられた儲君・第1皇子良仁親王（覚深法親王）を廃して、自らの手で次期天皇を決める事を望んでいた。
English: However, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had seized political power after the Battle of Sekigahara, got involved in the imperial succession, and although he accepted Imperial Prince Katahito's joining the priesthood (not being included in the imperial succession) he demanded that the third prince, Kotohito, be enthroned as the next Emperor, since he was the legitimate son.
Japanese: だが、関ヶ原の合戦によって新たに権力の座を手に入れた徳川家康もまた皇位継承に介入し、良仁親王の出家（皇位継承からの排除）は認めるものの、これに替わる次期天皇として嫡出男子であった第3皇子の政仁親王の擁立を求めた。
English: Finally, Emperor Goyozei agreed to this; however, he treated Imperial Prince Kotohito coldly the same way he had Imperial Prince Katahito, since it was not the Emperor's intention but Ieyasu's to let Imperial Prince Kotohito succeed to the throne.
Japanese: 最終的に後陽成天皇はこれを受け入れたものの、結果的には自己の希望に反して家康の意向によって立てられた政仁親王に対しても良仁親王と同様に冷淡な態度を取るようになった。
English: However, the bitter relationship with his father, Retired Emperor Goyozei, continued for a long time despite the intermediary of Nankobo Tenkai and Katsushige ITAKURA until his father died.
Japanese: だが、父・後陽成上皇との不仲はその後も続き、南光坊天海や板倉勝重の仲裁にも関わらず不仲は後陽成の死まで続いた。
English: The Edo government issued Kuge shu hatto (the laws for court nobles) and Shie hatto (the laws prohibiting purple robes for high-ranking priests that had been granted by the Emperor) on August 2, 1613, to rule as an act of the Imperial Palace, followed by the issuance of Kinchu narabi ni kugesho hatto the (laws for the court in the Edo period) on September 9, 1615.
Japanese: 江戸幕府は朝廷の行動の統制を目的として慶長18年6月16日（1613年8月2日）には、「公家衆法度」「勅許紫衣（しえ）法度」を制定し、次いで慶長20年7月17日（1615年9月9日）には「禁中並公家諸法度」を公布した。
English: Subsequently, all the actions of the Imperial Palace were under the control of the government through Kyoto Shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy); meanwhile, the regent and chancellor organized the Court Council, and the running of the palace was determined after receiving approval from the government.
Japanese: 以後、朝廷の行動全般が京都所司代を通じて幕府の管理下に置かれた上に、その運営も摂政・関白が朝議を主宰し、その決定を武家伝奏を通じて幕府の承諾を得る事によって初めて施行できる体制へと変化を余儀なくされた。
English: Consequently, court nobles (excluding the regent and chancellor families) and retired emperors were not involved in the final process of making political decisions for the Imperial Palace; it was intended that the palace should be run in accordance with the government policy.
Japanese: これによって摂家以外の公卿や太上天皇は朝廷の政策決定過程から排除され、幕府の方針に忠実な朝廷の運営が行われる事を目指していた。
English: When it was found out that there were a prince and princess between Emperor Gomizunoo and his favorite court lady, Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI, Hidetada TOKUGAWA was furious and he demanded the cancellation of the arrangement to make his daughter, Masako TOKUGAWA, become the Imperial consort; however, some close aides were punished, and in 1620 it was arranged that Masako would become a consort in the palace.
Japanese: 寵愛の女官四辻与津子との間に皇子・皇女が居た事が発覚すると、徳川秀忠は娘の徳川和子の入内を破談にすると恫喝するが、近臣を処罰するなどの詫びを行い、元和6年（1620年）に徳川和子が女御として入内する。
English: Because of the incidents such as Shie Incident of 1627, and another in which Fuku (Kasuga no tsubone), the wet nurse of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, went to the Imperial Palace as a common citizen, the Emperor could not take the situation whereby he had to live with the humiliation from the Edo government, so he abdicated the throne on November 8, 1627 and passed the position to his second daughter, Imperial Princess Okiko (later called Empress Meisho).
Japanese: 寛永4年（1627年）に紫衣事件、徳川家光の乳母である福（春日局）が無位無官で朝廷に参内するなど天皇の権威を失墜させる江戸幕府のおこないに耐えかねた天皇は同6年11月8日、二女の興子内親王（のちの明正天皇）に譲位した。
English: There is one theory that the Emperor wished to be administered moxibustion, but his courtier was against it, saying, 'It is out of the question that the Emperor has a burned mark on the body'; consequently, the Emperor decided to abdicate in order to have moxa cautery treatment done, but there was an example the former emperors had the same treatment done (Emperor Takakura and Emperor Gouda), so it is presumed to have been an excuse to abdicate.
Japanese: 一説には病気の天皇が治療のために灸を据えようとしたところ、「玉体に火傷の痕をつけるなどとんでもない」と廷臣が反対したために退位して治療を受けたと言われているが、天皇が灸治を受けた前例（高倉天皇・後宇多天皇両天皇）もあり、譲位のための口実であるとされている。
English: Also, in consideration toward Tofukumonin (Masako TOKUGAWA), to the birth mothers of Emperor Gokomyo, Emperor Gosai and Emperor Reigen (Mibuin Mitsuko SONO, Hoshunmonin Takako KUSHIGE, Shinkogimonin Kuniko SONO), Nyoin go was presented just before they died (to Mibuin, Nyoin go was presented immediately after Emperor Gokomyo died) and their fathers (Mototo SONO, Takashi KUSHIGE, Motone SONO) were secretly given a special rank and position; it is said that the government maintained direct and indirect pressure upon the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: また、東福門院（徳川和子）に対する配慮から後光明天皇・後西天皇・霊元の3天皇の生母（壬生院園光子・逢春門院櫛笥隆子・新広義門院園国子）に対する女院号贈呈が死の間際（壬生院の場合は後光明天皇崩御直後）に行われ、その父親（園基任・櫛笥隆致・園基音）への贈位贈官も極秘に行われるなど、幕府の朝廷に対する公然・非公然の圧力が続いたとも言われている。
English: Moreover, the government had set a basic policy to prevent a 'ruling cloister government,' which should have been naturally up to the Imperial Palace to control; however, the government had no choice but to accept the cloister government of Retired (Cloistered) Emperor Gomizunoo, since Tofukumonin understood her husband's intention to rule the cloister government and protected him from the political pressure.
Japanese: その一方で、本来は禁中外の存在である「院政の否定」を対朝廷の基本政策としてきた幕府が後水尾上皇（法皇）の院政を認めざるを得なかった背景には東福門院が夫の政治方針に理解を示し、その院政を擁護したからでもある。
English: The Emperor lived to the age of eighty-five and died in 1680; he was entombed within Sennyu-ji Temple in Tsukino Wa no Misasagi.
Japanese: 延宝8年に85歳の長寿で崩御し、泉涌寺内の月輪陵（つきのわのみささぎ）に葬られた。
English: There is a burial mound on the grounds of the Shokoku-ji Temple, in Kamigyo Ward of Kyoto City, where Emperor Gomizunoo's hair and teeth are kept.
Japanese: 尚、京都市上京区の相国寺境内には後水尾天皇の毛髪や歯を納めた、後水尾天皇髪歯塚が現存する。
English: Said Emperor Showa, who beat the long-standing record of Emperor Gomizunoo, 'During Emperor Gomizunoo's reign, people's lives were shorter, so his record is more valuable than mine.'
Japanese: なお、後水尾天皇の記録を抜いた昭和天皇は、「後水尾天皇の時は平均寿命が短く、後水尾天皇の方が立派な記録です」とコメントしている。
English: Some of Emperor Gomizunoo's framed calligraphy is displayed at Yomei-mon Gate or other areas in Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine, about which it is said that later, when the Satsuma clan demanded that the shrine be burned, Taisuke ITAGAKI persuaded them not to, one of the reasons being that there were such historical materials inside, and therefore the shrine was saved.
Japanese: 日光東照宮には陽明門をはじめ各所に後水尾天皇の御親筆とされる額が掲げられており、後に板垣退助が強硬に日光東照宮の焼き討ちを要求する薩摩藩を説得する理由の1つとして挙げたとされる。
English: The Emperor intended to take the Kagogo (a kind of posthumous name) of Emperor Seiwa's different name, 'Mizunoo' (Emperor Seiwa was a father of Emperor Yozei) for himself, and instead presented to his father 'Yozei' as the Kagogo of the Emperor Goyozei (Emperor Yozei was infamous for misconduct and was forced to be abdicated).
Japanese: 後水尾天皇は、不和であった父後陽成天皇に、乱行があるとして退位に追い込まれた陽成天皇の「陽成」の加後号を贈り、自らは陽成の父であった清和天皇の異称「水尾」の加後号を名乗るという意志を持っていたことになる。
English: There are many examples of the posthumous names from Emperor Gosaga in the Kamakura period to Emperor Gokomatsu in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, as well as in the Muromachi period, after which it stopped for next seven generations; the posthumous name of Gomizunoo was the first one after two centuries, after Emperor Gokomatsu.
Japanese: 遺諡は、鎌倉時代の後嵯峨天皇から南北朝時代・室町時代の後小松天皇にかけて多くあったが、その後7代にわたって絶えており、後水尾の遺諡は後小松以来約2世紀ぶりである。
English: He would invite prostitutes to the palace, although it was against Kinchu Hatto (a regulation within the Imperial Palace), and he would secretly go to Yukaku (a red-light district) and carry on affairs with prostitutes.
Japanese: 禁中法度を無視し宮中に遊女を招きいれたり、遊郭にまでおしのびで出かけた。
English: He had about thirty children whose mothers were from outside the palace; although he became a priest when he was fifty-six, his bad habit remained the same and he had a child, Emperor Reigen, when he was fifty-eight.
Japanese: 退位後にも中宮以外の女性に30余人の子を産ませ56歳で出家した後も治らず、58歳で後の霊元天皇を産ませた。
English: Emperor Gokomyo (April 20, 1633 - October 30, 1654), the 110th Emperor, reigned during the Edo period (from November 14, 1643 to October 30, 1654).
Japanese: 後光明天皇（ごこうみょうてんのう、寛永10年3月12日（1633年4月20日）-承応3年9月20日（1654年10月30日））は江戸時代の第110代天皇（在位：寛永20年10月3日（1643年11月14日)-承応3年9月20日（1654年10月30日））。
English: In 1642 he became the crown prince, and he was enthroned the following year after the abdication of his sister, Empress Meisho.
Japanese: 寛永19年（1642年）に立太子、翌年に姉・明正天皇の譲位を受けて即位。
English: It is said the Emperor had a strong personality and loved swordplay: on one occasion, when Shigemune ITAKURA, the shogunate's military governor who was stationed in Kyoto, remonstrated the Emperor, he said to Shigemune, 'I have never seen samurai commit seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), so why don't you show me right now?'
Japanese: 激しい性格の持ち主で剣術を好み、諫言した京都所司代板倉重宗に「武士の切腹は見たことがないから、腹を切って見せよ。
English: On the other hand, he loved studies and had a passion for the doctrines of Zhu Xi, under the influence of a Confucian, Seika FUJIWARA.
Japanese: 一方、学問好きであり、儒者藤原惺窩（せいか）の影響を受け、朱子学にのめり込んでいた。
English: However, his health had been poor since the previous year, and there was a record that the Emperor, together with his close aides, discussed the idea of adopting the youngest brother, Imperial Prince Satohito (later called Emperor Reigen).
Japanese: ただし、前年から体調を崩しており、廷臣達と末弟の識仁親王（後の霊元天皇）を養子に迎える相談をしていたとする記録もある。
English: After Emperor Gokomyo died, the tradition of burying a deceased person's body in the earth was revived, and in successive years all the emperors after Gomizunoo were buried in the ground.
Japanese: 尚、後光明天皇の崩御以降、天皇の遺体を土葬することが復活し、歴代に直せば、後水尾天皇以降の天皇は皆土葬された。
English: Emperor Gosai (January 1, 1638 - March 26, 1685), the 111th Emperor, reigned during the Edo period (from January 5, 1655 to March 5, 1663).
Japanese: 後西天皇（ごさいてんのう、寛永14年11月16日（1638年1月1日）-貞享2年2月22日（1685年3月26日）、在位：承応3年11月28日（1655年1月5日）-寛文3年1月26日（1663年3月5日））は、江戸時代の第111代天皇。
English: First, the Emperor was named Hanamachinomiya (Hanamachiin) to succeed the second Takamatsunomiya, after marrying the princess of Imperial Prince Yoshihito, who was the first Takamatsunomiya.
Japanese: はじめ高松宮初代好仁親王の王女を娶って高松宮第二代を継承して花町宮（花町院）（はなまちのみや）と号した。
English: When Emperor Gokomyo died, his adopted son and younger brother, Imperial Prince Satohito (the Emperor Reigen) had just been born, and the other brothers were all living the religious life, Emperor Gosai was enthroned on November 28, 1654 until Imperial Prince Satohito was old enough to succeed to the throne.
Japanese: 後光明天皇が崩御した時、同帝の養子になっていた実弟識仁親王（霊元天皇）はまだ生後間もなく他の兄弟は全て出家の身であったために、識仁親王が成長し即位するまでの繋ぎとして、1654年（承応3年）11月28日に即位。
English: During his reign, Ise-jingu Shrine, Osaka-jo Castle and the Imperial Palace were burned down; additionally, there was a great fire in Meireki, or an earthquake in a rural area and the occurrence of flooding; therefore it is said that people in those days criticized the Emperor as being immoral.
Japanese: 治世中には伊勢神宮・大坂城・内裏などの炎上や明暦の大火、地方の地震、水害などが多発したため、当時の人々は天皇の不徳を責めたと言う。
English: There is another theory that the Emperor was said to be immoral, given the fact that Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo wanted Imperial Prince Satohito's early enthronement and because the Edo government didn't approve of the Emperor Gosai's family line being the cousin to a strong outside daimyo (the Sendai clan), whereupon both parties caused the Emperor's early abdication to take place.
Japanese: もっとも、識仁親王の早期即位を望む後水尾法皇と有力外様大名（仙台藩）の従兄弟という天皇の血筋を嫌った江戸幕府双方の意向の一致が天皇の早期退位を志向し、それが「天皇不徳説」の根底にあったとの見方もある。
English: Because Emperor Gosai was enthroned between his brother-in-law and nephew, he couldn't leave his family line for imperial succession.
Japanese: 後西天皇は兄と（義理ではあるが）甥の間にあって在位し、その子孫を皇統に残すことができなかった。
English: He received the posthumous name of 'Gosaiin,' named after 'Saiin,' a different name for the fifty-third Emperor, Junna, given that 'the Emperor Saiin' had a similar background.
Japanese: そのため、同じような道をたどった第53代淳和天皇の別名「西院天皇」の「西院」にちなみ、「後西院」と追号された。
English: After the Meiji period, with the restoration of Tenno go, he was called 'Emperor Gosaiin,' but the suffix "in" was abolished in 1925 and he was subsequently called 'Emperor Gosai.'
Japanese: 明治以後、天皇号の復活にともない「後西院天皇」と呼ばれたが、大正14年（1925年）院号が廃され「後西天皇」となった。
English: However, many historians say that his name should be Emperor Gosaiin and should not remove the suffix "in" like other names of retired emperors as 'Saiin' should be used as one word; they say it would make no sense with only "Gosai."
Japanese: ただし、「西院」をもって一つの語なのであるから、後西では意味が通じなくなるので、他の太上天皇の院号と同一視して院を除くのではなく、後西院天皇と称するべきであるとする歴史学者も多い。
English: Emperor Kokaku (September 23, 1771 - December 11, 1840), the 119th Emperor, reigned during the Edo period from December 16, 1779 to May 7, 1817.
Japanese: 光格天皇（こうかくてんのう、明和8年8月15日（1771年9月23日）-天保11年11月18日（1840年12月11日））は、江戸時代の第119代天皇（在位：安永8年11月9日（1779年12月16日）-文化14年3月22日（1817年5月7日））。
English: It could be due to the Emperor being from the Kaninnomiya family of a collateral line, but he was keen to restore the ceremonies of the Imperial Palace, which had been lost since medieval times.
Japanese: 傍系であった閑院宮家出身のためか、中世以来絶えていた朝廷の儀式の復興に熱心であった。
English: He worked hard to revive the authority of the Imperial Palace, and it was said that he established the basis for the transition of the palace to the modern imperial system.
Japanese: 朝廷の権威の復権に努め、朝廷が近代天皇制へ移行する下地をつくったと評価されている。
English: He was adopted by Emperor Gomomozono, who was in critical condition, a day before he was enthroned (it has been said that Emperor Gomomozono had already died, but that wasn't verified because there was an interregnum period).
Japanese: 即位の前日に危篤の後桃園天皇の養子になる（実際にはすでに後桃園天皇は崩御しており、空位をさけるために発表されていなかったという）。
English: Originally, the Emperor intended to move from the Kaninnomiya family to Shogoin Temple to become a priest, but there was no one to succeed the throne when Emperor Gomomozono died in 1779.
Japanese: 元々は、閑院宮家から聖護院に入寺し、出家する予定であったが、1779年、後桃園天皇が崩御したときに皇子がいなかった。
English: At that time, there were three candidates for succession to the Imperial Throne—Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadayoshi, Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Haruhito and Haruhito's younger brother, Imperial Prince Sachinomiya Morohito—but since it was decided that the former Emperor's daughter, Princess Yoshiko, would become the Empress, Prince Haruhito was ruled out as a candidate because he was already married; consequently, Uchisaki NOKOE recommended Prince Sadayoshi and Naozane KUJO recommended Prince Morohito out of the two remaining candidates.
Japanese: 当時、後継候補者として伏見宮貞敬親王・閑院宮美仁親王と美仁の弟・祐宮師仁親王の3人がいたが、先帝の遺児・欣子内親王を新帝の妃にするという構想から既婚の美仁親王が候補から消え、残り2人のうち近衛内前は貞敬親王を九条尚実は師仁親王を推薦した。
English: After having a meeting, although Imperial Prince Sadayoshi was younger and close in age to the princess, Imperial Prince Morohito was chosen as he had a close genealogy; subsequently, he was adopted and succeeded to the throne on very short notice.
Japanese: 会議の結果、貞敬親王の方が年下で内親王とも年が近いものの、血筋が近い師仁親王が選ばれ、急遽養子として迎えいれられて即位する。
English: At that time, Emperor Gosakuramachi, who had been in power for the past two generations, had made contact with Fushiminomiya to succeed to the throne, whereupon he and Uchisaki KONOE recommended Imperial Prince Sadayoshi; however, there was no chance for Imperial Prince Sadayoshi to be a successor to the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: 尚、この時に先々帝後桜町天皇は皇嗣継承のために伏見宮と接触、近衛内前と共に貞敬親王を推薦したが、貞敬親王が皇位に就く事は無かった。
English: Moreover, in 1799 Imperial Prince (monk-prince) Shogoinnomiya Michihito issued a statement to the Emperor regarding En no gyoja go-onki (1,100th anniversary of the death of En no gyoja).
Japanese: また、1799年、聖護院宮盈仁法親王が役行者御遠忌（没後）1100年である旨の上表を行った。
English: On January 25 of the same year, the Emperor sent an imperial envoy to Shogoin Temple to convey the posthumous name of Jinben dai bosatsu.
Japanese: 同年、正月25日に烏丸大納言を勅使として聖護院に遣わし、神変大菩薩（じんべんだいぼさつ）の諡号を贈った。
English: At the Tenmei Famine, the Emperor demanded that the government rescue people, and in regard to the conflict between Japan and Russia in the north, he made the government report the situation to him, whereupon he tried to restore the authority of the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 天明の大飢饉の際には幕府に領民救済を申し入れて、北方での日露紛争の際には、交渉の経過を報告させるなど、朝廷権威の復権に務める。
English: He intended to present the title of Retired Emperor to his father in defiance of the government; this incident was called Songo Ikken (conflict between the Imperial Palace and the Edo government).
Japanese: 父に太上天皇の号を送ろうとして、幕府と尊号一件と呼ばれる事件を起こす。
English: He was known to have many talents and loved to study; additionally, he worked hard to restore the events for the Imperial Palace, such as the special festivals of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine and Kamo-jinja Shrine and also to restore ceremonial rites of the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 多才で知られており、学問に熱心であり、また400年近く途絶えていた石清水八幡宮や賀茂神社の臨時祭の復活や朝廷の儀式の復旧に努めた。
English: In 1817 he became a retired emperor after he abdicated and passed the position to Emperor Nintoku (thus becoming the last retired emperor in Japan's history).
Japanese: 1817年に仁孝天皇に譲位し太上天皇となる（現在までこれが最後の太上天皇である）。
English: It was the first restoration of Chinese-style posthumous name selection since the fifty-eighth Emperor Koko, and the first in 1,000 years, whereby he received the posthumous name 'Emperor Kokaku.'
Japanese: 第58代光孝天皇以来、千年近く絶えてなかった漢風諡号選定を復活させ、「光格天皇」と諡された。
English: The Emperor was entombed in Nochi no Tsuki no Wa no Misasagi, in Senzan-cho, Imagumano, in the Higashiyama Ward of Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市東山区今熊野泉山町の後月輪陵（のちのつきのわのみささぎ）に葬られた。