nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: As the pattern of bonito skin has a commercial value, a process of drying may be used to protect the skin from peeling off.
Japanese: カツオの魚皮の模様には商業的な価値があるため、皮がはがれないように乾燥させる工程を入れる場合もある。
English: The final products include the shape of the filet half or pieces cut a few cm wide that can easily eaten.
Japanese: 製品としては、三枚におろした形状のもの、一口で食べられるよう数cmの幅に切り分けたものなどさまざまな形状を取る。
English: Because the step of process is simple, it is possible to process and cook from fresh fish personally.
Japanese: 加工工程が単純であるため、生鰹から個人で加工、調理することも可能である。
English: Bushi of namaribushi is common to the bushi of katsuobushi (dried bonito), but namaribushi is not dried as much as katsuobushi, therefore it can be eaten as it is.
Japanese: 「節」とあるが、鰹節のように完全には乾燥していないため、そのまま食材として利用できる。
English: As no seasoning is added, it is generally eaten with soy sauce, boiled with ginger, made into a vinegar flavored food or put into miso soup.
Japanese: 調味料は通常加わっていないため、醤油などを付ける、ショウガと煮付けにする、酢の物、味噌汁に入れるなどの調理方法が多いようだ。
English: The word 'tataki' originates from patting sauce onto the bonito that has been seared and prepared like sashimi.
Japanese: 火であぶり、刺身状態にした鰹に、タレをたたくようにし、タレを馴染ませたことが「たたき」の由来。
English: Areas that produce dried bonito, such as Shikoku, Kyushu, Kishu and Enshu, are famous for being home to bonito tataki (refer to Bonito Tataki).
Japanese: カツオのたたきは、四国、九州、紀州、遠州など鰹節の産地が本場として有名である（鰹のタタキ参照）。
English: However, if it is broiled over a flame made by burning rice straw, pine needles or over charcoal, there will be no taste of gas, and a unique flavor will be brought out, making it tastier.
Japanese: しかし、藁を燃やした火やマツ葉を燃やした火、または炭火で焼くと、ガスの臭いがつかず独特の香ばしさがつき、より美味しい。
English: In addition, if the food is cooled very quickly by plunging it into ice water suddenly after broiling, the flesh will become firm and flavorful.
Japanese: また、焼いた直後に氷水につけるなどして急速に冷やすと身が引き締まっておいしくなる。
English: The interior of the roast beef is pink, and therefore some people see a similarity between the two dishes.
Japanese: ローストビーフの内部の肉はピンク色のため、二つの料理に類似性を見る人もいる。
English: However, because of the property of the oven the inside of the roast beef is cooked.
Japanese: しかし、ローストビーフはオーブンの特性により実際は内部まで火が通っている。
English: It is served with condiments such as ginger, garlic, grated daikon radish and leeks.
Japanese: 食べる際には、ショウガ、ニンニク、大根おろし、ネギなどが薬味として用いられる。
English: It is often dipped in ponzu sauce or soy sauce made tangy with juice from citrus fruits, such as citrus sudachi.
Japanese: すだちなどの柑橘類の汁で酸味をつけた醤油たれやポン酢をつけることが多い。
English: Sometimes the broiled ingredient is sprinkled with condiments and then patted with the flat side of the knife to firm up the flesh.
Japanese: 焼いた食材に薬味をまぶしてから、包丁の腹などで叩いて身をしめることもある。
English: Depending upon the food, it may taste better if finely chopped, while for others the taste better if not chopped too much.
Japanese: 食材によってはよく刻んだ方がおいしい場合と刻みすぎない方がおいしい場合がある。
English: The ingredients used for this cooking method include bonito, Japanese horse mackerel, pigfish, flying fish, Japanese barracuda and sardines.
Japanese: この方法で調理する食材としては、カツオ、アジ、イサキ、トビウオ、カマス、イワシなどが用いられる。
English: Herbs such as leeks, ginger, shiso (Japanese basil) and garlic are used.
Japanese: 香草としては、ネギ、ショウガ、シソの葉（大葉）、ニンニクなどが用いられる。
English: Those that are mixed with miso when chopped and mixed well until they become slightly sticky are called 'namero.'
Japanese: 切り刻むときに味噌を混ぜ、若干の粘り気がでるまでよく刻んだものは「なめろう」と呼ばれる。
English: In particular, tataki made with lancet fish is known as a local cuisine of Akita and Iwate Prefectures.
Japanese: 特にミズをたたきにしたものは、秋田県や岩手県などの郷土料理として知られている。
English: Among traditional cuisine of the Ainu, there is a dish called 'citatap,' in which salmon hizu (fish head cartilage) and gills are made into a tataki, mixed with soft roe and leeks, and seasoned with salt.
Japanese: アイヌの伝統料理には、サケの氷頭（ひず：頭の軟骨）やエラなどをたたきにし、白子とネギを混ぜて塩で味付けをするという「チタタプ」という料理がある。
English: The method in which burdock roots or cucumbers are smashed with a rod so as to break up the fibers, making the food easier to eat, can also be called 'tataki.'
Japanese: ゴボウやキュウリなどを棒で叩いて組織を崩し、食べやすくすることも「たたき」と呼ばれることがある。
English: "もろみ (moromi) also spelled as醪・諸味" refers to the softly solidified product where the ingredients in the brewed liquid for making soy sauce, sake and so on fermented.
Japanese: もろみ（醪・諸味とも書く）とは、醤油・酒などを作るために醸造した液体の中に入っている、原料が発酵した柔らかい固形物のことである。
English: Concerning the moromi of Japanese sake, as defined in the fourteenth section in the third article of the Liquor Tax Act, the softly solidified product which remains after wringing the liquid sake out of the moromi is regarded as "sakekasu" (sake lees) and is used for the material for "tsukemono" (Japanese pickled vegetables), "amazake" (sweet mild sale) and vinegar.
Japanese: 日本酒のもろみ（醪）については酒税法第3条14項に定義されており、もろみから液体である酒を搾り出して残った固形物が酒粕となり、漬物・甘酒・酢の原料に使われる。
English: And "moromi vinegar" in Okinawa prefecture uses as its ingredient the sakekasu of "awamori" (strong Okinawa liquor) which includes lots of citric acids and is produced by acetic-fermenting this.
Japanese: なお、沖縄の「もろみ酢」はクエン酸を多く含む泡盛の酒粕を原料に使用し、これを酢酸発酵して製造している。
English: The solidified product before wringing the liquid out of the moromi (諸味) of soy sauce is called 'the fruit of soy sauce,' and in Yamagata prefecture, Nigata prefecture, Nagano prefecture, Kumamoto prefecture and so on, it is eaten directly or used as a condiment.
Japanese: 醤油のもろみ（諸味）から液体を絞り出す前の固形物は、「しょうゆの実」と称され、山形県、新潟県、長野県、熊本県、等では、そのまま食べたり調味料代わりに使用される。
English: However, the solidified product which remains after wringing is usually processed as "shoyukasu" (soy sauce lees) and they are looking for a way of effectively utilizing it.
Japanese: しかし通常は絞ったあとの固形物を醤油粕として処理してしまうため、有効に利用する方法が模索されている。
English: A group of the food classified as 'moromi miso' is often produced in order for the 'moromi' itself to be eaten directly, which is not a 'moromi of miso' but is similar to moromi of soy sauce.
Japanese: 「もろみ味噌」と分類される一群の食品は、「味噌のもろみ」ではなく、醤油のもろみに近似したものを、最初から「もろみ」そのものを食べることを目的として造るものを指すことが多い。
English: Basically, the rice malt which is produced from barley, soybean, rice and so on by a method similar to that of making soy sauce is immersed in salted water which is not so much as in soy sauce and matured.
Japanese: 醤油を作るときと同様の方法で麦・大豆・米などから製造した麹を、醤油のときほどは多くない塩水に漬けて熟成させるものが基本形である。
English: Now in the food industry, it is often produced by immersing it in the liquid which includes seasonings such as soy sauce, salt, sugars and so on.
Japanese: 今日では食品工業的には醤油・塩・糖類などの調味料を入れた液体に漬け込む製法で造られていることが多い。
English: Hare (noticeably cheerful and formal situations or such places) represents rituals, festivals and annual events that are 'non-ordinary,' while ke represents 'ordinary,' that is everyday life.
Japanese: ハレ（晴れ）は儀礼や祭、年中行事などの「非日常」、ケ（褻）はふだんの生活である「日常」を表している。
English: In addition, when the life of ke does not go well, it is called kegare (withering of Qi).
Japanese: また、ケ（褻）の生活が順調に行かなくなることをケガレ（気枯れ）という。
English: Food, shelter and clothing, behavior and the types of language used at the time of hare were definitely distinguished from those of ke.
Japanese: ハレの場においては、衣食住や振る舞い、言葉遣いなどを、ケとは画然と区別した。
English: It is used in expressions such as 'hare no butai' (a situation so important that it happens almost only once in a life time) and 'haregi' (clothes worn at rituals that take place at milestones or specific changes).
Japanese: 「晴れの舞台」（＝生涯に一度ほどの大事な場面）、「晴れ着」（＝折り目・節目の儀礼で着用する衣服）などの言い回しで使用されている。
English: On the other hand, everyday wear was called 'ke gi,' but it was no longer used as a word after the Meiji period.
Japanese: これ対し普段着を「ケ着」といったが明治以降から言葉として使用されなくなった。
English: However, going back to the Edo period, there is a record that indicates that 'hare' was used only for the days that marked a change, when the weather recovered and the clear sky peeked out after many days of rain.
Japanese: しかし、江戸時代までさかのぼると、長雨が続いた後に天気が回復し、晴れ間がさしたような節目に当たる日についてのみ「晴れ」と記した記録がある。
English: On hare days, food and drinks such as mochi (rice cakes), sekihan (glutinous rice cooked with azuki beans), white rice, fish with the head and the tail, and Japanese rice wine were consumed.
Japanese: ハレの日には、餅、赤飯、白米、尾頭つきの魚、日本酒などが飲食された。
English: Interpretation of the conceptual connection of 'hare and ke' began when Kunio YANAGIDA posed that the distinction between hare and ke was progressing towards ambiguity (for example, special food and drinks that were served only at hare rituals are consumed in ordinary settings), which he used as a rationale for pointing out that folklore was transforming because of modernization.
Japanese: 「ハレとケ」という概念関係の捉え方は、柳田國男が近代化による民俗の変容を指摘する一つの論拠として、ハレとケの区別の曖昧化が進行していること（例えば、ハレの儀礼時にのみ行っていた特別な飲食が日常的に行われる、など）を提示したのが始まりである。
English: Yanagida compared how 'hare and ke' were distinguished by people several generations before him, to how 'hare and ke' were distinguished by people of Yanagida's generation.
Japanese: 柳田は、何世代か前の人々の「ハレとケ」の区別の仕方と、柳田の同時代の人々の「ハレとケ」の区別の仕方を比較した。
English: At the beginning, the interpretation of 'hare and ke' did not seem to draw much attention.
Japanese: 当初「ハレとケ」という捉え方はそれほど注目を集めなかったようである。
English: However, it became widely known within the academic circle after Taro WAKAMORI took notice of it.
Japanese: しかし、和歌森太郎が着目してから後、広く学界内で知られるようになった。
English: However, in folklore, it did not tend toward Yanagida's aim, which was the diachronic analysis of understanding the future based on the comparison between the past and the present.
Japanese: ただ民俗学においては、柳田が目指した過去・現在の比較から未来を読みとくという通時的分析を志向しなかった。
English: For a long time, it leaned toward the synchronic analysis of folklore structure that viewed the dichotomy of 'hare and ke' as an axiom, and there was an exclusive interest in the definition of 'hare' referring to non-ordinary events, which were rituals and festivals.
Japanese: 長らく「ハレとケ」の二項図式を公理のようにみなした民俗構造の共時的な分析に傾斜し、もっぱら＜「ハレ」の非日常＝儀礼や祭り＞に対して関心が寄せられていた。
English: In the 1970's, largely due to the influence of structuralism, new discussions on 'hare and ke' were triggered.
Japanese: 1970年代に入ると、多分に構造主義の影響を受けて、新たな議論が「ハレとケ」について巻き起こる。
English: Initiated by Mikiharu ITO's discussion, it reached its peak at the symposium held by Emiko NAMIHIRA, Tokutaro SAKURAI, Kenichi TANIGAWA, Noboru MIYATA and Hirofumi TSUBOI.
Japanese: 伊藤幹治を皮切りにした議論は、波平恵美子、桜井徳太郎、谷川健一、宮田登、坪井洋文らによるシンポジウムで一つのピークに達する。
English: It was confirmed that it might be necessary to add the concept of kegare (impurity) to the 'hare and ke' relationship, and that there were variations in the interpretation of 'hare,' 'ke,' and 'kegare' (or 'hare' and 'ke') among the debaters.
Japanese: そこでは、「ハレとケ」の関係に新たに穢れという概念を加味するべきではないかということや、論者によって「ハレ」と「ケ」と「ケガレ」（あるいは「ハレ」と「ケ」）に対する捉え方が多様であることが確認された。
English: There are various models for 'hare,' 'ke,' and 'kegare,' such as the cycle model of Sakurai, who suggests that 'kegare' (impurity, withering) is the withering of the energy of ke, which drives everyday life, and that 'kegare' recovers through festivals, which are 'hare.'
Japanese: 「ハレ」と「ケ」と「ケガレ」のモデルには、日常生活を営むためのケのエネルギーが枯渇するのが「ケガレ（褻・枯れ）」であり、「ケガレ」は「ハレ」の祭事を通じて回復すると唱える桜井の循環モデルがある。
English: There is also the folk model of Namihira, who asserts the importance of the concept of 'impurity' and the rituals for its 'purification, cleansing and atonement,' in contrast to a bias toward the traditional concept of 'sacred and pure.'
Japanese: また、従来の「聖浄」への偏りに対して、「不浄」の観念とその「清め・祓い・贖い」の儀式の重要性を主張する波平のフォークモデル、などがある。
English: However, gaps found in the discussions of 'hare,' 'ke,' and 'kegare' (or 'hare' and 'ke') among the scholars are still unresolved, and to this day, no unified definition has been put forth.
Japanese: しかしながら、研究者間の「ハレ」と「ケ」と「ケガレ」（「ハレとケ」）の議論の隔たりは現在も解消されておらず、統一的な定義を打ち出せずに今日にいたっている。
English: Among various debates that exist, there is a debate, for example, on whether a funeral should be considered hare or kegare.
Japanese: さまざまな論争がある中に、たとえば、葬儀をハレとするか、ケガレとするかというものがある。
English: According to conventional wisdom, funerals are unfortunate happenings, and most people would want to separate them from celebrations such as weddings.
Japanese: 一般通念では葬式は不幸ごとであり、結婚式などのお祝いごとと区別したくなるところである。
English: On the other hand, many folklorists including Sakurai define funerals as hare, based on the point that they are 'non-ordinary,' keeping in mind the folk examples that haregi were worn in mourning and sekihan wsa possibly served at funerals.
Japanese: 一方、桜井をはじめとする民俗学者の多くは、葬式に赤飯を炊いていたと思われる民俗事例や晴れ着を着て喪に服した民俗事例などを念頭に、「非日常」という点で葬式もハレだとしている。
English: However, neither theory is sufficient, and neither has been able to fully explain why a funeral is kegare or hare.
Japanese: しかしながら、いずれの立場も理論が十分でなく、なぜ葬式がケガレであるのか、ハレであるのかについて説明しきれていない。
English: Therefore, there is a theory that says that the manners and customs of Chinese civilization were superposed onto the ancient Japanese values of pure and impure, hence losing a clear distinction.
Japanese: したがって、日本古来の清めと穢れの価値観の上に中華文明の風俗習慣が入って来たことによって明確な区別が無くなったとの説もある。
English: In addition, there is an indigenous belief (supposed to have its origin in Shintoism) in Japan that views death as a type of impurity.
Japanese: また、日本においては死を穢れの一種とみなす土着信仰がある（神道に根源があるという）。
English: However, there are Buddhist sects that maintain that Buddhism does not consider death as impure, therefore they do not use salt for purification after the funeral.
Japanese: しかし、仏教での死は穢れではないとして葬儀後の清めの塩を使わない仏教宗派もある。
English: Hare and ke can also be argued on the affinity of sociologist Émile Durkheim's Dualism of the Sacred and the Profane, that is, the connection of 'hare = sacred' and 'ke = profane.'
Japanese: ハレとケは、社会学者エミール・デュルケームの聖俗二元論との類縁性、すなわち、「ハレ＝聖」「ケ＝俗」の関係で論じられることもある。
English: In particular, there is a correlation between the two with respect to how the sacred period and the profane period are distinguished, and how hare and ke are distinguished.
Japanese: とりわけ、聖なる時間／俗なる時間という区分けとハレ／ケという区分けは相互に共通する部分がある。
English: However, as with hare and ke, the concept of the sacred and the profane are defined differently depending on the person making the argument.
Japanese: しかしながら、聖と俗という概念もハレとケと同様に、論者によって定義が異なっている。
English: This section picks up a wide range of events from the past to the present day about the whole of Japanese culture, gives explanations of summaries, and shows links.
Japanese: 本項では日本の文化全般について、幅広く過去から現在への事象を取り上げ、概要の説明やリンクを示す。
English: This section also includes any culture which has been rooted deeply in Japan but has not been born in Japan.
Japanese: 日本発祥のもの以外でも、日本に深く根付いているものはこの記事に含まれる。
English: For a culture and popularity by field in each year, refer to the section of 'art, culture and fashion' in the article of each year which was traced in accordance with the chronological table.
Japanese: 各年ごとの分野別の文化・流行などは年表からたどった各年の記事内の「芸術・文化・ファッション」の項を参照。
English: For a culture by prefecture, refer to the Category of Japanese culture (by prefecture).
Japanese: 都道府県別の文化に関しては、Category日本の文化(都道府県別)を参照。
English: The term "Culture" refers to anything including art and learning, which was generated by people and has a high level of achievement (high culture), and also refers to a system of custom or behavior which has been formed by a human society over the years.
Japanese: 文化という言葉は、芸術や学問など人間が生み出した高い達成度を持つもの（ハイカルチャー）を指すとともに、人間の社会が長年にわたって形成してきた慣習や振舞いの体系を指す。
English: The latter meaning covers a very wide category from customs relating to general daily life including clothing, food and housing, entertainment, moral and religion, to a social structure including politics and economy.
Japanese: 後者の意味では衣、食、住などの日常生活全般に関わる慣習や、芸能、道徳、宗教から政治、経済といった社会構造まで、その範疇は非常に幅広い。
English: The Japanese culture cannot be bracketed simply because it contains various elements, the Japanese culture in a period from ancient times to the medieval period was affected by neighboring countries in Asia around China, and in the period from early modern times to modern times after the Meiji period was affected by western countries.
Japanese: 日本の文化も単純にひとくくりにできるものではなく、様々な要素を含んでおり、古代から中世にいたっては中国を中心としたアジアの近隣諸国、そして明治以降の近～現代では欧米からの影響を受けた。
English: As a result, the Japanese culture developed in a unique way through processes of repeated absorption and refusal, and various arrangements.
Japanese: これにより、吸収・取捨選択を繰り返し、様々な手が加えられて独特な展開を遂げている。
English: The Japanese traditional culture was founded based on the Shinto religion and other religions while incorporating those, and has changed with times.
Japanese: 日本の伝統文化は、神道とその他の宗教を取り込みながら基軸とし、時代とともに変遷してきた。
English: However, even though it changed drastically on a superficial level, the Japanese traditional culture has an aspect of being able to point out very Japanese coherent elements and trends (e.g. even if rooms in the house changed from zashiki (Japanese style tatami room) to a Western-style room, the custom of taking off shoes when entering a house is not changed).
Japanese: しかし、表面的に大きく変化していても、その中に一貫する極めて日本的な要素や傾向を指摘できる面もある（例：住居が和風の座敷から洋間に変わっても、室内に靴を脱いで上がる点では変わらない）。
English: As a concept distinctively indicating the Japanese culture, the term 'Wa' is often used (e.g. Wago (words of Japanese origin), Wabun (Japanese text), Waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), Wafuku (traditional Japanese clothes), Washoku (Japanese food), Wafu-ryokan (Japanese hotel), etc.).
Japanese: 日本文化を特徴的に示す概念として、「和（わ）」という言葉がしばしば用いられる（例：和語、和文、和歌、和服、和食、和風旅館など）。
English: The term 'Wa' has meant Japan from old times, and is used in contradistinction to things from foreign countries such as Han (China) and Yo (Western Europe).
Japanese: 「和」は古くから日本を示す言葉で、漢（中国）や洋（西欧）など外国からの事物に対比して使われる。
English: The term 'Yamato' is sometimes used (e.g. Yamato-kotoba (words of Japanese origin), Yamato-damashii (Japanese spirit), Yamato-nadeshiko (woman who displays the feminine virtues of old Japan), Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura period dealing with Japanese themes), etc.).
Japanese: また「大和（やまと）」という言葉が使われる場合もある（例：大和言葉、大和魂、大和撫子、大和絵など）。
English: The term 'Yamato' (大和 in kanji (Chinese character) itself originally referred to the Nara district, and at the same time, it is an old word indicating the whole of Japan (in this case, the kanji '倭' was used in old times).
Japanese: 「大和」は本来、奈良地方を指すが、同時に日本全体を示す古い言葉でもある（この場合、古くは「倭」とも書いた）。
English: From ancient times, a culture forming Japan, or a mode of life or custom of people living in this country has rooted in the sense of worth based on a religion, and an influence of religion can be seen in various scenes such as industries including agriculture, forestry, fishery, civil engineering and construction, or seasonal events and festivals including New Years festivals, Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the healthy growth of young children), etc., traditional performing arts, Budo (martial arts), etc.
Japanese: 古来、日本をかたちづける文化あるいはこの国に棲む人々の風俗や習慣には、宗教に基づく価値観が深く根ざしており、農業・林業・水産業、土木・建築などの諸産業、あるいは正月、七五三他の季節行事・祭、また伝統芸能、武道など、さまざまな場面で宗教の影響を見ることができる。
English: From ancient times, Japan has had a religious culture based on polytheism (yao yorozu no kami (eight million gods)) worshiping nature or spirits like shamanism or animism including the 'Shinto religion.'
Japanese: 日本には古くから「神道」というシャーマニズムやアニミズムといった自然崇拝、精霊崇拝である多神教（八百万の神）に基づく宗教文化がある。
English: Furthermore, 'Buddhism and/or Esoteric Buddhism' (there is an opinion that Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are different religions from a religious scientific viewpoint) originating in India far from Japan, came down from the Continent, and Japan has established its original Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism culture.
Japanese: また遠くインドを起源とする「仏教・密教」（仏教と密教を別の宗教とする宗教学上の見解もある）を大陸から受け入れて、独自の仏教・密教文化を定着させてきた。
English: As in the case of other East Asian countries, Japan has also accepted 'Taoism' and 'Confucianism' (there is an opinion that Confucianism is a philosophy or thought, but not a religion), but was not influenced by those as much as the Korean Peninsula and China.
Japanese: 他の東アジア諸国と同様に「道教」や「儒教」（儒教は哲学や思想であるが宗教ではないとする見解もある）も受容しているが、その影響は朝鮮半島や中国ほどではない。
English: Along with Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) gaining power, their thoughts which became a mode of life were transformed to Japan-specific thoughts, and have been passed down to the modern age.
Japanese: 陰陽師の台頭と共にその思想が風俗となって日本独自のものに変化し、現代にまで受け継がれている。
English: (For example, it is said that 4-color or 5-color ingredients in chirashi zushi (vinegared rice with thin strips of egg, pieces of raw fish, vegetables and crab meat arranged on top) are based on Inyogogyo.)
Japanese: （例えば、ちらし寿司の四色や五色の彩などが陰陽五行に基づいているといわれる。）
English: Major people who directly accepted Confucianism were not only the samurai and townspeople who mastered Sinology, but Confucianism also influenced common people in Japan in an indirect manner.
Japanese: 儒教を直接受容したのは、主に武士や漢学をおさめた町人にとどまるものの、間接的な形で日本の庶民にも影響を及ぼしている。
English: Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) lost its position as part of the education of samurai due to the Meiji Restoration, but chuko shisho (thought of loyalty and filial piety) of Confucianism was adopted in the Imperial Rescript on Education due to an influence of conservative scholars of the Chinese classics in the imperial court.
Japanese: 明治維新によって武家の学問としての朱子学は立場を失ったが、宮中の保守的な漢学者の影響によって儒教の忠孝思想が教育勅語などに取り入れられた。
English: It is said that Budo (martial arts) was also based on the Shinto religion, and developed into arts having kaigan seishin (spiritual awakening) and philosophy through practices after thoughts of Taoism, Confucianism and Zen sect were added.
Japanese: また武道においても神道が基軸となり、それに道教や儒教、禅宗の思想などが加わって、修練による開眼精神と哲学を持った芸になったといわれる。
English: Many of the various traditions and customs originated from foreign Buddhism, and such foreign Buddhism formed Japanese religions and cultures while it interacted with the Shinto religion.
Japanese: さまざまな伝統や慣習のうちには外来の仏教を起源とするものも多く見られ、神道と相互に影響しあいながら日本の信仰や文化をかたちづくってきた。
English: In Japan, the Shinto religion and Buddhism have coexisted and amalgamated for a long time in the form of a synchronization of Shinto and Buddhism.
Japanese: 日本は永らく神道と仏教とを神仏習合（神仏混淆）という形で共存・混合させてきた。
English: However, in the modern times, the new Meiji Government performed a re-separation of Buddhism and Shinto, and the Shinto religion which was treated as State Shinto was merged with militarism, and became a means of hegemonism.
Japanese: しかし、近代になって明治新政府によって再神仏分離され、神道は国家神道とされて軍国主義と一体となり覇権主義の手段ともなった。
English: In the era of State Shinto, the religious position of the Shinto religion was made indistinct (the Government united the Shinto religion with the Emperor and obligated the people to respect the god under the theory that 'the Shinto religion was not a religion' (Jinjahishukyoron (theory that the Shinto religion was not a religion), and the Shinto religion was treated as an absolute thing.
Japanese: 国家神道の時代には神道は宗教的地位が曖昧にされ（政府は「神道は宗教ではない」(神社非宗教論)として天皇と一体化し国民に敬神の義務を強いた）絶対のものとして扱われた。
English: However, shrines and the Shinto religion were separated from politics after the war, and the Shinto religion has been officially treated as one of the religious fields since then.
Japanese: しかし、戦後の神社神道は政治と分離され、公式には宗教の一分野として今に至っている。
English: Although a pure sense of worship for religion was not realized, an environment of present-day Japanese spirit and culture was formed based on the Shinto religion from the ancient times while adding mixtures of various kinds of foreign religions including Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, or 'Christianity' (also including a Christian culture in old times).
Japanese: 純粋な宗教的価値観の具現化でないとしても、古来からの神道が礎となってその上に仏教・密教や儒教や道教、あるいは「キリスト教」（古くはキリシタン文化）をも含め、さまざまな外来の宗教を混在させながら、今日ある日本の精神や文化の土壌は形成された。
English: It is impossible to talk about the essence of Japanese culture and spirit without religions focusing on the Shinto religion.
Japanese: 神道を主体とする宗教を抜きにして日本の文化や精神の本質は語れないという側面もある。
English: For various problems in the modern age, this kind of Japanese sense of worship for religion may be effective, and when regarding this as a methodology, one example is that an idea of 'satoyama bunka (traditional village culture) (Chinju-no-Mori) (Sacred Shrine Forest) has a possibility of suggesting problem solving.
Japanese: 現代世界が抱える諸問題において、このような日本的な宗教的価値観が有効とされる場合もあり、これを方法論としてみた場合、たとえば「里山文化（鎮守の森）」の考え方は問題の解決を示唆する可能性もある。
English: As a characteristic which is broadly seen in traditional performing arts, traditional sports, or in manners in Japanese daily life such as bowing, civility and rules of etiquette and table manners, a respect for 'kata' (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.) (or called katachi (pattern)) is pointed, and has been considered to be a virtue of Japan.
Japanese: 伝統芸能や伝統のスポーツ、あるいは日常生活におけるお辞儀・礼儀作法・日本の食事作法などにおいて、広範に見られる特徴として「型（形）」の尊重という点が挙げられ、日本の美点ともされてきた。