nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: When Emperor Shotoku died, Uona quickly started showing his ability after Usano, who was the Sangi (councilor) at the time, enthroned Emperor Konin with FUJIWARA no Nagate, FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu as well as FUJIWARA no Momokawa and expelled Dokyo.
Japanese: 称徳天皇の死亡時参議であった魚名は藤原永手・藤原良継・藤原百川らと光仁天皇を擁立、道鏡を排除し、急速に頭角を現した。
English: Uona gained tremendous trust from Emperor Konin and was granted the official rank called "Loyal Retainer."
Japanese: 魚名は光仁天皇の信任が非常に厚く「忠臣」という官位が与えられるほどであった。
English: However, soon after Emperor Konin died, his post of Minister of the Left was dismissed and he was relegated to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region).
Japanese: しかし光仁天皇の死後まもなく、左大臣を罷免された上、大宰府へ左遷された。
English: He was considered to be involved in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's War, and his sons were also relegated at the same time.
Japanese: 氷上川継の乱に連座したものと考えられており、息子たちも同時に左遷されている。
English: While he was heading for Dazai-fu, he became sick in Toshima District in Settsu Province and was granted the pardon for entering the capital.
Japanese: 大宰府に向かう途中、摂津国豊島郡(摂津国)で発病し、やがて入京を赦された。
English: However, he died not long after that (August 31, 783).
Japanese: しかし、まもなく（延暦2年7月25日（783年8月31日））死去した。
English: It is said that one of the former Hattori-tenjingu Shrines, which were enshrined in Toyonaka City, Osaka Prefecture, was a grave of Uona, and it is now still remaining in the precincts.
Japanese: 大阪府豊中市に鎮座する服部天神宮の前身の一つが魚名の墓と言われ、境内には今もが残る。
English: In the same shrine, the legend of SUGAWARA no Michizane, who was similarly relegated to Dazai-fu, about 100 years after Uona's death, was handed down.
Japanese: 同社には、魚名の死から約100年後に同じく大宰府へ左遷された菅原道真の伝説が伝わっている。
English: After entering the Heian period, Uona's descendants became middle rank of nobles who held local government positions, and there was no one who was listed among the high court nobles for a long time.
Japanese: 平安時代に入ると魚名の後裔は地方官などを歴任する中級貴族となり、長らく公卿に列せられる者はなかった。
English: However, FUJIWARA no Akisue, who was Sueshige's descendant, and his sons became the retired Emperor's courtiers in the administration governed by the retired emperor, and rapidly extended their influences, and came to occupy high court noble's position once again.
Japanese: しかし、末茂の末裔である藤原顕季やその息子たちが院政期に院近臣となって急速に勢力を伸ばし、再び公卿の地位を占めるようになった。
English: The descendants of Akisue were also called Zenshoji-ryu, and produced a lot of the Tosho family (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) including the main branch Shijo family
Japanese: 顕季の子孫は善勝寺流とも称され、嫡流の四条家を始めとして多数の堂上家を輩出した。
English: Among the descendants of Washitori, there were powerful senior vassals such as the Adachi clan who was succeeded from Akitajo no suke and the Date clan who was known to be the warring lords during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 鷲取の子孫からは鎌倉時代の有力御家人で秋田城介を世襲した安達氏や戦国大名として有名な伊達氏等、多数の有力武家を輩出した。
English: Tomomitsu YUKI was a Japanese samurai commander who had flourished from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period; he was an influential vassal of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese military government headed by a shogun based in Kamakura).
Japanese: 結城朝光（ゆうきともみつ）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前半にかけて活躍した武将で、鎌倉幕府の有力御家人。
English: His name is also written as Tomomitsu OYAMA in some books, but Tomomitsu YUKI which he later called himself is more popular among people because he was an originator of the Yuki clan.
Japanese: 書物によっては小山朝光（おやまともみつ）と記されている場合もあるが、結城氏の家祖であるため、後の名乗りである結城朝光の方が、世上よく知られた名前である。
English: His family line could be traced back to the Oyama clan that was founded by FUJIWARA no Hidesato who was a Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North); Tomomitsu's father, Masamitsu OYAMA, was the head of local ruling family in Oyama, Shimotuke Province (present day Oyama City, Tochigi Prefecture).
Japanese: 家系は鎮守府将軍藤原秀郷を祖とする小山氏の流れであり、父は下野国小山の豪族・小山政光。
English: On October 29, 1180, Tomomitsu's mother, Samukawa no Ama, introduced him to Yoritomo who had raised army to defeat the Taira clan; he became Yoritomo's vassal and Yoritomo took the roll of his eboshioya (a person who puts an eboshi [formal headwear for court nobles] on a young man's head on his genpuku ceremony) when he celebrated his genpuku (to become an adult man).
Japanese: 治承4年（1180年）10月2日、平氏打倒に挙兵した頼朝に母寒河尼の引き合わせで臣従し、頼朝が烏帽子親となって元服する。
English: Together with his father Masamitsu OYAMA, his older brother Asamasa OYAMA, his younger brother Munamasa NAGANUMA and Tomoie HATTA, on March 25, 1183, he defeated the allied forces of MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (Senjo Saburo SHIDA) and Tadatsuna ASHIKAGA － who tried to attack and invade into Kamakura － at the Battle of Nogimiya.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）2月23日、鎌倉への侵攻を図った源義広(志田三郎先生)と足利忠綱の連合軍を、八田知家と父小山政光、兄小山朝政、弟長沼宗政ら共に野木宮合戦で破る。
English: He joined the campaign of MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune to search out and destroy MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, perishing the army of Kiso clan at the Battle of Uji-gawa River in 1184; then he participated in the exterminating war against the Taira clan and continued fighting until the decisive Battle of Dannoura on April, 1185.
Japanese: 元暦元年（1184年）、源義仲を追討するための源範頼・源義経軍に参加、宇治川の戦いで木曽軍を討滅した後、平氏追討軍に参加、文治元年（1185年）3月の壇ノ浦の戦いまで戦う。
English: After coming back to Kamakura, he paid a visit to Yoshitsune at his lodging in Sakawa (present day in Kanagawa Prefecture) on June of the same year － Yoshitune came all the way heading to Kamakura to report the victory over the Taira clan － and Yuki orally ordered him 'not to enter Kamakura' as the emissary from Yoritomo (Yositune's older brother; the first shogun of Kamakura bakufu).
Japanese: 鎌倉に帰還後、同年5月、戦勝報告のため東下した義経を酒匂宿に訪ね、頼朝の使者として「鎌倉入り不可」の口上を伝える。
English: In 1187, when Shigetada HATAKEYAMA received a reprimand and was about to be punished due to the violence of his daikan (local governor) at Yamada-mikuriya (mikuriya was manors of Imperial family and powerful shrines) in Ise Province, Tomomitsu bravely expressed to Yoritomo his opinion against punishing him and saved him from his peril.
Japanese: 文治3年（1187年）、伊勢国山田御厨の代官狼藉事件で譴責された畠山重忠の処分について、頼朝に意見具申し、その危急を助ける。
English: He took part in the Oshu War in 1189 and fought at the Battle of Atsukashiyama, where he performed well and killed enemy commander Kongo betto.
Japanese: 文治5年（1189年）、奥州合戦に従軍、阿津賀志山の戦いで、敵将・金剛別当を討ち取るなど活躍。
English: In the next year, 1190, he joined a campaign to crash the Rebellion of OKAWA Kaneto which happened in Oshu; after this incident Yuki was deemed as Yoritomo's close adviser equivalent to Kagetoki KAJIWARA.
Japanese: 翌建久元年（1190年）、奥州で起きた大河兼任の乱の鎮定に参加し、以後梶原景時と並ぶ頼朝の側近と目されるようになった。
English: Soon after the death of Yoritomo on October, 1199, when Tomomitsu was put into a difficult position by the so called 'Kagetoki KAJIWARA's False Claim Incident' (the Incident of Kagetoki KAJIWARA), he gathered 66 influential vassals including Yoshimura MIURA, writing down the 'Accusation Note against Kagetoki' with their joint signatures and submitted it to the second shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie.
Japanese: 頼朝没後間もない正治元年（1199年）10月、いわゆる「梶原景時讒訴事件」（梶原景時の変）において窮地にたたされた朝光は、三浦義村ら有力御家人66人を結集して「景時糾弾訴状」を連名で作成し、二代将軍源頼家に提出。
English: In 1221, he also took part in the Jokyu War (a war between the Retired Emperor Gotoba and Kamakura bakufu in Jokyu era) as one of the commanders of Tosando Army (Tosando [literally; eastward mountainous roads] was one of the seven main highways of this age).
Japanese: 承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱にも東山道軍の将のひとりとして参戦。
English: During the ear of 'double regents system' by Yasutoki HOJO and Tokifusa HOJO after the war, in 1229 he was appointed the rank of Kozuke no suke (Assistant Governor of Kozuke Province).
Japanese: 乱後の北条泰時・北条時房による「複数執権制」時代にあって、寛喜元年（1229年）上野介に叙任。
English: Tomomitsu became a member of the Hyojoshu (Councils of Shogunate) in 1235, and had a great influence over the bakufu politics.
Japanese: 嘉禎元年（1235年）、幕府の評定衆の一員となり幕政に重きを成した。
English: As Tomomitsu had been passionately committed to the Buddhist invocation from his early days, he first became a believer of Honen (a priest; founder of the Jodo sect [the Pure Land sect]), then deeply embraced Shinran (a priest; founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect [the True Pure Land sect of Buddhism]), who happened to be at Shimotsuma in Hitachi Province － Shimotsuma was one of his lands － he finally became a priest, in his last day, as he had long cherished to be, calling himself as Yuki Kozuke Nyudo (priest) Nichia and built Yuki Shomyo-ji Temple.
Japanese: 若き日から念仏に傾倒していた朝光は、法然、次いで時領常陸国下妻に滞在していた親鸞に深く帰依し、その晩年は念願の出家を果たし、結城上野入道日阿と号し、結城称名寺を建立。
English: He lived his days in faith and never took part in the family dispute in the Kamakura bakufu, which had been continuing from Tokiuji HOJO to Tokiyori HOJO; but when Yasumura MIURA, who was a son of Yoshimura MIURA the old friend of Tomomitsu, and all his clans were ruined at the Battle of Hoji in 1247, Tomomitsu came up all the way to Kamakura despite his old age from Shimofusa (his land), met Regent Tokiyori and spoke out his mind in tears as, 'If I had been in Kamakura as a council, I would never have let Yasumura meet the shame of a punitive death,' and for the sobbing old man Tokiyori was said to have showed deep sympathy.
Japanese: 信仰に生きる日々を送り、北条時氏から北条時頼へ続く鎌倉幕府の内紛に関与する事はなかったが、宝治元年（1247年）の宝治合戦で知己の仲であった三浦義村の子三浦泰村の一族が滅亡した際には、老齢の身を押して下総から鎌倉に上り、執権時頼に面会して「自分がいれば泰村を誅罰の恥に会わせなかったものを」と涙し、時頼は古老の涙を愛しんだという。
English: Tomomitsu and Kagetoki KAJIWARA participated in the politics of bakufu as close adviser of Yoritomo, he was also the master of archery and excel in waka (Japanese poetry), actually he was a person known for both the literary and military arts; but it was said that after experiencing the death of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA whom he respected, he came to lead more humble life, never taking initiatives in politics again.
Japanese: 梶原景時とともに頼朝の側近として幕政に参与し、弓の達人で和歌にも通じた文武両道の人物として知られた朝光であったが、尊敬していた畠山重忠の死に遭遇してからはより慎ましい生活態度を取るようになり、自ら率先して政治の表舞台に出る事は無かったと言われている。
English: It was believed that these attitudes had attained the positive reaction of vassals at the 'Kagetoki KAJIWARA's False Claim Incident' as well as the favorable treatment from the Hojo clan in the last years of his life.
Japanese: こうした姿勢が「梶原景時讒訴事件」における御家人の動向や晩年の北条氏からの厚遇につながったとされている。
English: However he was a man of great pride, Tomomitsu once had friction with the Ashikaga clan who were a gomonyo (a family with a honorary status) of the shogun family as well as a relative of Hojo clan; indeed he was a busho (samurai commander) of backbone.
Japanese: 一方で朝光の性格は非常に誇り高く、将軍家の門葉であり、北条氏とも縁戚である御門葉の足利氏と対立したこともあるなど気骨のある武将であった。
English: Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA who was a family head of the Ashikaga clan sent a rude letter to Tomomitsu who was the head of the Yuki clan － at the end of the letter was written as 'To Yuki Kozuke Nyudo (priest) from Ashikaga Mandokoro (a minister of shogun).'
Japanese: 足利氏の当主　足利義氏より結城家に使わされた書簡の末尾に「結城上野入道殿　足利政所」と記してよこした。
English: According to the protocol of the days, if their rank were equal, it should have been written as 'To Yuki Mandokoro from Ashikaga Sama no kami Nyudo' (Samano no kami literally means Head of the Left Stable, a rank from before the Nara period); but the Ashikaga clan were allowed to write under such a format as they were a Monyo (blood line) of the shogun family and permitted to use the family name of Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 通常、対等の関係であるならば、「結城政所殿　足利左馬頭入道」と記すべきところではあったが、足利氏は将軍家の門葉として源姓を称することを許されており、このような書式を用いることを許されていた。
English: However, this letter, which suggested the Yuki clan were inferior to the Asikaga clan, exasperated Tomomitsu into volcanic rage and he wrote back as 'From Yuki Mandokoro to Asikaga Sama no kami Nyudo.'
Japanese: しかし、足利氏より格下ととらえられたことに激怒、「結城政所　足利左馬頭入道殿」と記して返書した。
English: For this return mail, the Ashikaga clan initiated a legal action, asserting that such a way of writing was only allowed to the Ashikaga clan as a Monyo of the Minamoto clan, and that the Yuki clan who were a mere vassal must refrain from using it.
Japanese: これに対して、足利家より幕府に訴えがあり、このような書式は源氏の門葉たる足利氏に許されたものであり、御家人に過ぎない結城氏は遠慮すべきである旨を主張した。
English: Against this accusation, Tomomitsu defended himself saying that he had received words '(Yuki clan) Should be equal to the Ashikaga clan' from Yoritomo when he was still alive; by the judgment of the Regent at the time, Tokiyori HOJO, he won the suit.
Japanese: これに対して、朝光は、生前の頼朝より「足利氏と同等たるべし」との許しを得ていたと主張し、時の執権　北条時頼の裁定により朝光の勝訴となった。
English: According to the legend written in "Tomomitsu Ko Ki" (biography of Tomomitsu Ko [Ko means His Serene Highness]), he was born, during Yoritomo's exile in Izu Province, to Yoritomo and the daughter of Samukawa no Ama who had been performing his mother's roll; after birth he was sent to the Hatta family, Samukawa no Ama's parents home, to be taken care of, then raised as the third son (some say the fourth son) of Masamitsu OYAMA and Samukawa no Ama; but there can be found utterly no mentioning to this story in the first rated history books of that time － such as the "Azuma Kagami" (The Mirror of the East) which was the official record of bakufu － therefore it is widely believed that this story is nothing but a mere supposition.
Japanese: 『朝光公記』によれば、伊豆配流中の頼朝の世話をしていた寒河尼の娘との間に生まれ、寒河尼の実家・八田氏へ預けられた後、小山政光と寒河尼の三男（四男説もある）として育てられたというのが、その伝説の筋であるが、幕府の公式記録『吾妻鏡』をはじめとする当時の一級資料には、一切、このことには触れられていないことから、推測の域を出ないというのが大方の見方である。
English: Oshu tandai was the office of special administrators to the shogun in the Muromachi and the Sengoku period (of Japan).
Japanese: 奥州探題（おうしゅうたんだい）とは、室町時代から戦国時代(日本)における幕府の地方官制である。
English: In 1399 the Kamakura kubo Mitsukane ASHIKAGA sent his two younger brothers, Mitsusada ASHIKAGA as Inamura Gosho (Palace) and Mitsunao ASHIKAGA as Sasagawa Gosho (Palace) to the provinces.
Japanese: 応永6年(1399年)、鎌倉公方足利満兼は足利満貞、足利満直の二人の弟を稲村御所、篠川御所として下向させた。
English: The Ashikaga shogunate directly appointed the powerful kokujin who were opposed to the Kamakura government in Kanto and Oshu to Kyoto fuchishu (a corps of special support troops in Kyoto), to compete with the Kamakura kubo.
Japanese: 幕府は関東や奥州で鎌倉府時代と対立している有力国人を京都扶持衆として直臣化して鎌倉公方に対抗した。
English: In 1400 it appointed Akimochi OSAKI as Oshu tandai.
Japanese: また、応永7年(1400年)には大崎詮持を奥州探題に任命したという。
English: In Oshu, However, the prominent kokujin had had the authority, which was as powerful as that of the shugo, to request military forces, to issue and recommend the issuance of gunchujo (service citations) and to dispatch envoys under the command of the shogunate.
Japanese: しかし、もともと奥州では有力国人が各郡の軍勢催促、軍忠状証判･注進、使節遵行など守護並みに強い権限持っていた。
English: The province was internally controlled by the Date and the Ashina clan who as Kyoto fuchishu had direct ties with the shogunate.
Japanese: 内にも伊達氏や葦名氏などは京都扶持衆として幕府と直接結びついていた。
English: Oshu tandai had become the Data clan's hereditary post since Harumune DATE, son of Tanemune was appointed in 1555.
Japanese: 弘治_(日本)元年（1555年）には稙宗の子・伊達晴宗が奥州探題に任じられて以後は伊達氏の世襲となった。
English: Masamune DATE (Harumune's grandson) who became lord of the clan after the collapse of the Muromachi shogunate called himself Oshu tandai.
Japanese: 室町幕府滅亡後に当主となった伊達政宗（晴宗の孫）も奥州探題を自称した。
English: In 1590 he became a vassal of the Toyotomi administration and gave up the title of Oshu tandai.
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）、政宗は豊臣政権に臣従して奥州探題の称号を返上。
English: From 1350 to 1360 Kaneyori SHIBA, son of Kaneie SHIBA was posted in Dewa as Azechi (local inspector) of the province.
Japanese: また、斯波家兼の子斯波兼頼は延文年間(1356～60)に出羽国按察使として出羽に下向したという。
English: TAKAMUKO no Kuromaro (year of birth unknown - 654) was a scholar in the Asuka period.
Japanese: 高向玄理（たかむこのくろまろ、生年不詳-白雉5年（654年））は飛鳥時代の学者。
English: He accompanied ONO no Imoko, a Japanese envoy to the Sui dynasty of China to study as an international student in 608 and then returned to Japan along with MINABUCHI no Shoan.
Japanese: 608年、遣隋使小野妹子に従い留学生として隋へ留学し、に南淵請安とともに帰国する。
English: He went to Shilla as a Japanese envoy for negotiation to ask for a hostage in exchange for abolishing 'taxation from Mimana,' and then took Buretsuo, Prince of Shilla to Japan with him.
Japanese: 、遣新羅使として新羅に赴き「任那の調」を廃止することを引きかえに「質（人質）」を差し出させる交渉を取りまとめ、翌に新羅王子武烈王を伴って帰国する。
English: TOMO no Kunimichi (768 - 828) was a court noble, who lived during the early Heian Period.
Japanese: 伴国道（とものくにみち、神護景雲2年（768年）-天長5年（828年））は平安時代前期の貴族。
English: In 785, the involvement of his father, Tsuguhito, in the assassination of FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu also implicated his involvement, and he was also deported to Sado Province.
Japanese: 785年、父継人が藤原種継暗殺事件に関与したため、連座して佐渡国に流される。
English: As Kunimichi was an intelligent and excellent person, Sado no kuni no kami (Governor of Sado Province) gave him a special treatment, respecting him as his master and friend, counting on his assistance in the administration.
Japanese: 国道が聡明ですぐれた人物であったため、佐渡国守は彼を優遇して師友と仰ぎ、行政を補佐してもらった。
English: He achieved great performance while he was holding the positions of naikan (a government official who resides in Kyoto) and gekan (local government official), and then he was raised to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Higher Grade) and was appointed Sangi (councilor).
Japanese: 内官（在朝官人）と下官（地方官）で優れた業績を残し、従四位上・参議となった。
English: In 823, he changed his family name from 'Otomo' to 'Tomo,' because the then emperor, Emperor Junna's personal name was coincidentally 'Otomo.'
Japanese: 823年に淳和天皇の名が大伴であったので、それを避けて大伴氏から伴氏へ改姓した。
English: Ekiken KAIBARA (December 17, 1630 - October 5, 1714) was a herbalist and Confucianist who lived during the Edo Period.
Japanese: 貝原益軒（かいばらえきけん、1630年12月17日（寛永7年11月14日(旧暦)）-1714年10月5日（正徳(日本)4年8月27日(旧暦)））は江戸時代の本草学者、儒学者。
English: Although Ekiken served the Fukuoka Domain, he enraged the second lord of the Domain, Tadayuki KURODA, so he was forced to lead a ronin (masterless samurai) life for seven years.
Japanese: 成長し福岡藩に仕えたが、二代藩主黒田忠之の怒りに触れ7年間の浪人生活を送ることとなる。
English: After returning to the Fukuoka Domain, Ekiken bore heavy responsibilities for duties such as giving lectures of Neo-Confucianism, dealing with Korean envoys and solving a territorial dispute with the Saga Domain.
Japanese: 帰藩後、藩内での朱子学の講義や、朝鮮通信使への対応をまかされ、また佐賀藩との境界問題の解決に奔走するなど重責を担った。
English: Having been a positivist, he gained knowledge not only from books, but also from his experience through walking, seeing, using hands and tasting.
Japanese: ただし書物だけにとらわれず自分の足で歩き目で見、手で触り、あるいは口にすることで確かめるという実証主義的な面を持つ。
English: Also, as Ekiken put an importance on benefiting the society, he used simple words when writing most of his books so that many ordinary people could understand them easily.
Japanese: また世に益することを旨とし、著書の多くは平易な文体で書かれより多くの人に判るように書かれている。
English: Kencho SUEMATSU (September 30, 1855 - October 5, 1920) was a politician during the Meiji and Taisho period.
Japanese: 末松謙澄（すえまつけんちょう、1855年9月30日（安政2年8月20日_(旧暦)）-1920年（大正9年）10月5日）は明治-大正時代の政治家。
English: Kencho SUEMATSU was the fourth son of Nobuko and Shichiuemon SUEMATSU, a wealthy village headman of Maeda Mura Village, Buzen Province (presently known as Yukuhashi City, Fukuoka Prefecture).
Japanese: 豊前国前田村(現・福岡県行橋市)に大庄屋　末松七右衛門　伸子の四男として生まれる。
English: Kencho moved to London as a diplomat and studied at University of Cambridge after receiving help from Hirobumi ITO, Kencho's father-in-law.
Japanese: 岳父である伊藤博文の知遇を得て、外交官としてロンドンに赴任、ケンブリッジ大学で学ぶ。
English: His thesis, "The theory of Yoshitsune = Genghis Khan"was published in England and created a great sensation in Japan.
Japanese: 「義経＝ジンギスカン説」を唱える論文をイギリスで発表し、日本で大ブームを起こす。
English: In 1886, during the period of Rokumeikan, Kencho initiated movement for improving theatrical performance in order to modernize Kabuki according to ITO's wish.
Japanese: 鹿鳴館時代の1886年、伊藤の意向を受けて歌舞伎の近代化のため演劇改良運動を興す。
English: Upon the Mouri clan's request, Kencho extensively studied the history of Choshu and compiled his research in "Bochokaitenshi," which is considered to be an invaluable document regarding the restoration history.
Japanese: 毛利氏の依頼で長州の歴史を調べ、維新史の一級資料『防長回天史』を編纂した。
English: Shinsei SEI (his name can also be pronounced "I no Manari") (699 - 734) is a name of a Japanese international student in the Nara period (the period of Tang Dynasty of China), whose epitaph was found in Xian, an ancient capital in China.
Japanese: 井真成（せいしんせい、いのまなり？、699年-734年（日本・天平6年、唐・開元22年））は、中国の古都・西安で墓誌が発見された、奈良時代（中国の唐朝）の日本人留学生の姓名。
English: Shinsei SEI is a name written as a Japanese international student on the epitaph which was found in the People's Republic of China.
Japanese: 井真成は、中華人民共和国で発見された墓誌に、日本人留学生として記されていた姓名である。
English: On October 12, 2004, Northwest University in China announced that the epitaph was found in a construction site in Xian City, Shaanxi Province, China.
Japanese: 墓誌は、同国陝西省西安市内の工事現場から発見されたと、同国の西北大学(中国)が、2004年10月12日に発表した。
English: After the epitaph was found, it was privately owned once, but collected by the museum attached to Northwest University in China.
Japanese: 墓誌は発見された後、一度個人の所蔵となったが、西北大学付属博物館が収集したものである。
English: The epitaph says that Shinsei SEI, a student from Japan was given the government post of "Shoihogyo (a chief of the department, with the fifth subordinate rank, to deal with Emperor's clothing)" because he died in January (any one day from 1 to 10, or 20), 734.
Japanese: 墓誌には、日本人留学生の井真成が、開元22年（西暦734年）正月■（朔～十，廿のいずれか）日に死去したので、「尚衣奉御」の官職を遺贈されたなどと記されている。
English: Archaeologically, this is the first epitaph for Japanese found in China and the oldest description of "Japan" as the name of the country among existing materials of letters carved in stone.
Japanese: これは考古学的に、中国で発見された最初の日本人の墓誌であり、現存の石刻資料のなかで日本の国号を「日本」と記述した最古の例である。
English: Unexpectedly, he became ill and died in the government quarters in January, 743.
Japanese: ところが思わぬことに、急に病気になり、開元22年（734年）の1月に官舎で亡くなった。
English: The epitaph is usually filled with letters, but one fourth of the epitaph on the left is blank.
Japanese: 墓誌は石面一面に書かれているのが普通だが、この墓誌では左1/4が空白になっている。
English: It is unclear when and where the epitaph was dug up because it fell into other's hands after it was dug up from under the ground at the construction site, not by scientific research.
Japanese: 発見が科学的調査によるものではなく、建設工事現場で地下から掘り出され人から人の手に渡ったため、いつ、どこで掘り出されたものか不明である。
English: According to the study, Shinsei SEI went to Tang Dynasty of China along with Japanese envoys led by TAJIHI no Mahito Agatamori in 717.
Japanese: 研究によれば、井真成は717年（養老元年）、多治比真人県守を大使とする遣唐使とともに渡唐したとされる。
English: Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty of China led by TAJIHI no Mahito Hironari went to Tang in 733, a year before Shinsei SEI died, and then returned to the capital along with international students including KIBI no Makibi in the following year.
Japanese: 井真成の死去の前年である733年（日本：天平5年、唐：開元21年）には、多治比真人広成を大使とする遣唐使が渡唐し、翌年には留学生吉備真備らを連れて帰朝している。
English: In December, 2005, an imaginative drama on Shinsei SEI was aired in NHK Special "Shin Siruku rodo (New Silk Road)".
Japanese: 2005年（平成17年）12月には、NHKスペシャル『新シルクロード』で、井真成のイメージドラマが放送された。
English: Some researchers presume that his surname, Sei (井) was the abbreviation made to be one word in Chinese style and he could be a descendant of a naturalized family in the ancient times, which was the Inohe (井上) clan or the Fujii (葛井) clan.
Japanese: 井の姓は中国風に一字に省略したもので、古代の帰化系氏族「井上（いのへ）氏」あるいは同様の帰化系氏族「葛井（ふじい）氏」の出身ではないかと推定する研究者もいる。
English: In Fujiidera City, Osaka Prefecture where there is the Fujii-dera Temple associated with the Fujii clan, the campaign was launched to ask to pronounce Shinsei SEI as "Shinsei FUJII" and letting him return home at least in the form of the epitaph based on the evidence that many first names using "sei (成)" can be seen in the Fujii clan around the same period.
Japanese: 葛井氏ゆかりの葛井寺がある大阪府藤井寺市では、同時期の葛井氏に「○成」という名が多く見られることを論拠として、井真成を「葛井真成」と呼び「せめて墓誌の形ででも"里帰り"を」と求める運動が起きた。
English: In 2005, his home visit came true and the epitaph went on public exhibition at Aiserushura-hall.
Japanese: その"里帰り"が2005年（平成17年）に実現され、アイセルシュラホールで一般公開された。
English: He stated that Shinsei SEI was a family member of the Inoue clan descended from a naturalized local ruling family in the ancient times and argued that if he was a descendant of the Fujii (葛井) clan, he would have chosen "葛", most common surname in China when he shortened his name into one word.
Japanese: 古代豪族で帰化人の末裔である井上氏の一族ではないかと主張し、葛井氏なら一字にする際に中国にも多い「葛」姓にするのではないかと主張。
English: They argued that he was a family member of Fujii clan, a descendant of a naturalized local ruling family in ancient times which produced officials such as a diplomat.
Japanese: 古代豪族で帰化人の末裔で外交官などを輩出している葛井氏の一族ではないかと主張。
English: He argued that Shinsei SEI might have been given the surname which has similar sound of a word meaning earnest and honest in Chinese by Emperor, but he said that his Japanese name was unknown.
Japanese: 中国の言葉でまじめでまっすぐな人柄を指すときに使う言葉の音に似た姓名を皇帝より下賜されたのではないかと主張し、日本名に関しては不明と主張。