nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: For example, Yasaka-jinja Shrine is dedicated to Susanoo (Deity in Japanese Mythology) in the center as the chief god, Kushinadahime as God Empress, Kisakigami on its east side and 'Yahashira-mikogami' on its west side.
Japanese: 例えば、八坂神社は主神としてスサノオを中央に祀り、東に妃神のクシナダヒメ、西に「八柱御子神」を祀っている。
English: Kasuga-taisha Shrine has its 'Wakamiya-sha shrine' sessha (auxiliary shrine - dedicated to a deity close-related to that of a main shrine), which is dedicated to Amenooshikumone no mikoto, the Mikogami of its chief god, Amenokoyane no mikoto.
Japanese: 春日大社には摂社の「若宮社」があり、主神の天児屋命の御子神である天押雲根命を祀っている。
English: This 'Wakamiya,' which is often a shrine dedicated to the Mikogami of its chief god, means that not the dedicated god, but the shrine itself is young.
Japanese: この「若宮」は、多くの場合主神の御子神を祀る神社であるが、祀られる神ではなく社が若いという意味である。
English: In this case, some shrines are dedicated to the parent god as the chief god, or sosen shin (ancestral god), whereas others call otabisho (place where the sacred palanquin is lodged during a festival) or branch shrines Wakamiya.
Japanese: その場合は、主神の親神や祖先神が祀られていることや、主神の御旅所、主神を勧請した神社を若宮と呼んでいる例もある。
English: "Hasshin-den" is the temple where the eight gods protecting the Emperor are enshrined, built under the ritsuryo system in Japan, in the sai-in (western quarter) of the Department of Worship.
Japanese: 八神殿（はっしんでん）は、日本の律令制の下で神祇官西院に設けられた、天皇を守護する八神を祀る神殿である。
English: According to some old diagrams at the Hasshin-den, the main buildings enshrining each god were independent of one another, and the eight main buildings facing east extended north to south to the northwest of the sai-in in the Department of Worship.
Japanese: 古図によると、八神殿は各神を祀る社殿がそれぞれ独立しており、神祇官西院の西北に、東面した8つの社殿が南北に並んでいた。
English: There was a vermilion fence surrounding the shrine, 30.3 m from north to south and 9.09 m from east to west, and there were no objects in which the deity resided inside the buildings, but sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto) was placed inside.
Japanese: 南北10丈、東西3丈の朱色の玉垣を三方に廻らし、各殿内に神体はなくサカキが置かれていたという。
English: Hasshin-den is described in the Engishiki Jinmyocho as 'Mikannagisai kamihachiza' and is considered a renowned shrine.
Japanese: 八神殿は延喜式神名帳に「御巫祭神八座」と記載され、大社に列している。
English: After it was burnt down during the Onin Rebellion, it was not rebuilt, but in the Edo period, the Yoshida family built a Hasshin-den on the grounds of the Yoshida-jinja Shrine and the Shirakawa family built one on their property as an alternative to the Hasshin-den at the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 応仁の乱で焼失してからは宮中では再建されず、江戸時代に吉田家が吉田神社境内に、白川家が邸内にそれぞれ八神殿を創建して宮中の八神殿の代替としていた。
English: With the Meiji Restoration, the Department of Divinities was restored, and in 1869, a temple for Department of Divinities was built and a Senza-sai Festival (festival for transfer of a Shinto shrine) was held.
Japanese: 明治維新により神祇官が再興され、明治2年（1869年）に神祇官の神殿が創建されて遷座祭が行われた。
English: Prior to this, the souls of successive Emperors were honored at the Kurodo (structure used for private religious observances at the Imperial Palace) in a Buddhist ritual, but Kurodo was abolished thereafter.
Japanese: それまで歴代の天皇の霊は黒戸で仏式で祀られていたが、これに伴い黒戸は廃止された。
English: In September 1872, a decision was made to have only the Department of Divinities perform religious missions, and the Hasshin-den was transferred from the Department of Divinities to the Imperial Court, while the souls of successive Emperors were transferred to the shrine of imperial ancestors in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 明治5年9月、神祇官は宣教のみを行うこととなり、八神殿は神祇官から宮中へ遷座、歴代天皇の霊は宮中の皇霊殿へ移された。
English: In October of the same year, the eight gods of Hasshin-den were enshrined together with the gods of heaven and earth, and the name 'Hasshin-den' was abolished and renamed 'Shinden.'
Japanese: 同年10月、八神殿の八神を天神地祇に合祀し、「八神殿」の名称を廃して「神殿」に改称した。
English: Additionally, among the eight gods, for Omiyanomenokami, a shoshi (small shrine) honoring Omiyanomenokami was built on the historic land of the sai-in at the Department of Worship.
Japanese: また、八神のうち大宮売神については、神祇官西院の故地に大宮売神を祀る小祠が作られている。
English: "Gion-shinko Faith" is a belief in Gozu Tenno (deity said to be the Indian god Gavagriva), Susanoo, and is a syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.
Japanese: 祇園信仰（ぎおんしんこう）は、牛頭天王・スサノオに対する神仏習合の信仰である。
English: It was influenced by Taoism in China before arriving in Japan, and it synchronized with the Shinto god (Shinto), Susanoo, in Japan.
Japanese: これが日本に伝わる前に中国で道教の影響を受け、日本ではさらに神道の神(神道)であるスサノオと習合した。
English: This is because Gozu Tenno and Susanoo were both considered gyoyaku jin (gods that spread epidemics).
Japanese: これは牛頭天王もスサノオも行疫神（疫病をはやらせる神）とされていたためである。
English: The original form of the Gion-shinko Faith was for the prevention of epidemics by solacing and calming the gyoyaku jin, based upon Goryo-shinko Faith, which developed during the Heian period.
Japanese: 平安時代に成立した御霊信仰を背景に、行疫神を慰め和ませることで疫病を防ごうとしたのが祇園信仰の原形である。
English: Its religious festival was called 'Gion Goryo-e,' and began being celebrated by the citizens of Kyoto at the Gion-sha Shrine (currently Yasaka-jinja Shrine) in the latter half of the tenth century.
Japanese: その祭礼を「祇園御霊会（御霊会）」といい、10世紀後半に京の市民によって祇園社（現在の八坂神社）で行われるようになった。
English: Gion Goryo-e became established as an annual celebration in June at the Gion-sha Shrine, and in 975, became a festival where hohei (offering a wand with hemp and paper streamers to a Shinto god) is performed by the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 祇園御霊会は祇園社の6月の例祭として定着し、天延3年には朝廷の奉幣を受ける祭となった。
English: Festival cars and floats mounted with decorative halberd entertain the gyoyaku jin, and are also meant to disperse the bad luck of gyoyaku jin.
Japanese: 山車や山鉾は行疫神を楽しませるための出し物であり、また、行疫神の厄を分散させるという意味もある。
English: By medieval times, the Gion-shinko Faith spread nationwide, Gion-sha Shrines or Gozu-Tennosha Shrines enshrining Gozu Tenno were built, and Goryo-e (or Tenno-sai Festival) were held as celebrations.
Japanese: 中世までには祇園信仰が全国に広まり、牛頭天王を祀る祇園社あるいは牛頭天王社が作られ、祭列として御霊会（あるいは天王祭）行われるようになった。
English: The order for the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in Meiji prohibited Buddhist rituals at shrines, as well as the use of Buddhist terms such as 'Gozu Tenno' and 'Gion' in names of enshrined deities and shrines, and thus, Gion-sha Shrine and Gozu-Tennosha Shrine became shrines enshrining Susanoo and changed their shrine names.
Japanese: 明治の神仏分離令で、神社での仏式の行事が禁止され、また、祭神の名や社名に「牛頭天王」「祇園」のような仏教語を使用することが禁止されたことから、祇園社・牛頭天王社はスサノオを祀る神社となり、社名を改称した。
English: Following Kyoto, other shrines changed their names to Yasaka-jinja Shrine, to Susano-jinja Shrine from the name of the enshrined deity, to Gion-jinja Shrine from the previous shrine name, to names prefixed with geographic names, or to old shrine names used before enshrining Gozu Tenno.
Japanese: その他の神社では、京都にならった八坂神社のほか、祭神の名前から素盞嗚神社、かつての社名から祇園神社、また地名を冠したものや牛頭天王を祀る以前の旧社名などに改称した。
English: Among the faiths for Gozu Tenno, the Susanoo, faith centered around Tsushima-jinja Shrine (Tsushima City, Aichi Prefecture) spreading to the Tokai region of Honshu, is called the Tsushima-shinko Faith, and faith centered around Hikawa-jinja Shrine (Omiya Ward, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture) spreading to the Kanto area, is called the Hikawa-shinko Faith.
Japanese: 牛頭天王・スサノオに対する信仰のうち、津島神社（愛知県津島市）を中心に東海地方に広まった信仰を津島信仰（つしましんこう）、氷川神社（埼玉県さいたま市大宮区）を中心に関東に広まった信仰を氷川信仰（ひかわしんこう）と呼ぶ。
English: "Goryo-e" is a courtesy for reposing the soul, to prevent curses by the goryo (spirit of the deceased person) who died unexpectedly, and is also referred to as Goryo-sai Festival.
Japanese: 御霊会（ごりょうえ）とは、思いがけない死を迎えた者の御霊（ごりょう）による祟りを防ぐための、鎮魂のための儀礼であり、御霊祭とも呼ばれている。
English: During the Heian period, its meaning changed from shiryo (spirit of a dead person) of someone who died in an accident caused by onryo (revengeful ghost).
Japanese: 平安時代、不慮の死を遂げた者の死霊（しりょう）＝怨霊（おんりょう）へと意味が転化する。
English: Natural disasters were all believed to be the acts of goryo, and this led to the creation of courtesies expressed to goryo.
Japanese: そして、天変地異はすべて御霊の所業と考えられ、御霊に対する儀礼が出来上がった。
English: Additionally, during the Heian period, on May 20, 863, Goryo-e was held in the Shinsen-en Garden.
Japanese: また、平安時代には、863年（貞観_(日本)5年）5月20日、神泉苑において御霊会が行われた。
English: Emperor Sudo, Imperial Prince Iyo, Fujiwara no Yoshiko, Tachibana no Hayanari, and Funya no Miyatamaro were referred to as such, and became objects of Goryo-e.
Japanese: 崇道天皇、伊予親王、藤原吉子、橘逸勢、文室宮田麻呂が、こう呼ばれ、御霊会の対象となった。
English: Later, the two spirits of Sugawara no Michizane (845 - 903), Kibi no Makibi (693 - 775), and Empress Inoue (717 - 775) were added to create Hassho goryo, and are enshrined in Kamigoryo-jinja Shrine and Shimogoryo-jinja Shrine in Kyoto.
Japanese: 後に菅原道真（845年-903年）、吉備真備（693年-775年）、井上皇后（717年-775年）ら２霊を加えることによって八所御霊が生まれ、京都の上御霊神社と下御霊神社に祀られている。
English: Additionally, the Gion Goryo-e (Gion-e) at the Yasaka-jinja Shrine, where Gozu Tenno (deity said to be the Indian god Gavagriva) is enshrined, is known as Gion-matsuri Festival
Japanese: また、牛頭天王を祀る八坂神社（感神院）の祇園御霊会（祇園会）が、祇園祭として知られる。
English: The pacification of Sugawara no Michizane, who was feared as the Karai tenjin (god of fire and thunder), is known nationwide as the Tenjin-shinko Faith.
Japanese: 火雷天神として怖れられた菅原道真の慰撫が、天神信仰として全国で知られている。
English: The bunrei or wakamitawa is a term used in the Shinto religion that refers to a separated god or divine spirit when an enshrined deity of main shrine is dedicated to a different shrine.
Japanese: 分霊（ぶんれい、わけみたま）とは、神道の用語で、本社の祭神を他所でも祀る際、その神(神道)の神霊を分かちたもののことである。
English: It is also called bunshi, but bunshi may mean bunsen (described below).
Japanese: 分祀（ぶんし）ともいうが、分祀については分遷の意で使われることもある（後述）。
English: A branch shrine to which a divided enshrined deity has been transferred is called "Bunshi," "Bunsha," or "Imamiya."
Japanese: ほかの神社より祭神を勧請した神社のことを分祠（ぶんし）、分社（ぶんしゃ）、今宮（いまみや）などという。
English: In Shinto religion, the divine spirit can be divided without limitation because it is believed that the original spirit power is not weakened and performs the same functions as the main shrine.
Japanese: 神道では、神霊は無限に分けることができ、分霊しても元の神霊の神威は損なわれず、分霊もまた本社の神霊と同じ働きをすると考えられている。
English: In many kanjo cases, the deity is divided from the shrine from which the god originated and those shrines are called sohonsha or sohongu (head shrine).
Japanese: 多くの場合、勧請はその神の根源とされる神社から行われ、その神社のことを総本社・総本宮などという。
English: Many shrines that received a separated deity have their names related to the original shrine.
Japanese: 分霊された神社の多くは、勧請された神の名前やそれに因む名前を社名としている。
English: For example, the sohonsha (main shrine) of Inari-jinja Shrines is Fushimi Inari-jinja Shrine; most Inari-jinja Shrine received a deity separated from Fushimi Inari-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 例えば稲荷神社の総本社は伏見稲荷大社であり、ほとんどの稲荷神社は伏見稲荷大社からの神霊の勧請を受けている。
English: Hachiman-jinja Shrines or Yawata-jinja Shrines all over Japan received a deity from either Usa-jingu Shrine, Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine branched from Usa-jingu Shrine, or Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine a branch of Iwashimizu.
Japanese: 全国の八幡神社は宇佐神宮、または、宇佐神宮から勧請を受けた石清水八幡宮、あるいはさらに石清水八幡宮から勧請を受けた鶴岡八幡宮のどれかから祭神の勧請を受けている。
English: The word kanjo came from a Buddhist term, which meant requesting the teaching of Buddha and praying for saving all living things.
Japanese: 勧請という言葉は、元々は仏教用語で、仏に教えを請い、いつまでも衆生を救ってくれるよう請願することを指した。
English: In Japan, after the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism it started to mean summoning the spirit of Shinto and Buddhist deities for praying and later it gradually changed to the current meaning.
Japanese: 日本では、神仏習合により、神仏の霊を迎えて祈願することを指すようになり、後に現在の意味に変化した。
English: The word of "bunki" may include the meaning of "bunsen," in which one deity from a number of enshrined gods is moved to a different place (An example of "bunsen": Itakiso-jinja Rekishi (History of Itakiso-jinja Shrine).
Japanese: 分祀という言葉は、ある神社に複数の祭神が祀られている場合に、そのうち一部の祭神のみを他所に移して祀ることを指す分遷の語義で使われる場合もある（「分遷」の例：伊太祁曽神社歴史）。
English: They involve prayers and consultation with god, and are often connected with a god of a specific religion.
Japanese: 神前での祈りや神に伺いを立てることなどで、特定の宗教の神と結びついたものが多い。
English: Some are performed by religious clergy, while others become public events.
Japanese: 宗教に従事する専業者が行うものと、一般民衆の行事になっているものがある。
English: Many of the public events are tied to people's lives, who long for secular benefits and stability based upon their occupations, like agriculture and commerce.
Japanese: 一般民衆の行事となるものには、生活に結びついた行事であり、農業、商売などそれぞれの生業に基づく現世利益、生活の安定を求めるものが多い。
English: In such cases, events combining various religions and indigenous faiths are often practiced in parallel or in combination.
Japanese: またこの場合、様々な宗教や土着の信仰などが合わさった行事が並列的、複合的に行われることも多い。
English: Official ones are those performed by religious organizations like shrines, and include exorcism for specific things, ground-breaking ceremonies, and exorcism, and praying for traffic safety are often entrusted and performed by shrines.
Japanese: プロフェッショナルなものには神社などの宗教法人によってなされるものがあり、特定の事物に対する祓、地鎮祭や交通機関の安全を願うお祓いなどは神社などに委託されて行われることが多い。
English: In addition to shinji praying for secular benefits, praying for rain, agriculture, and hunting were also practiced.
Japanese: 現世利益を願う神事としては、雨乞いや農耕、狩猟などに関するものが多く行われていた。
English: In festivals that celebrate feasting with gods, acts of welcoming gods or sending gods off with objects to which a spirit is drawn are set up, acts associated with Shinko-sai Festival, acts of offering food and alcohol to the gods, and naorai (feast) were often performed as shinji, and the most important shinji was the act of Shinto priests, shrine maidens, or children parading as tendo (gods disguised as children), consulting gods' will.
Japanese: 神を供応する形式の祭では、依り代を立てて神を迎える行為や送る行為、神幸祭に関する行為、神饌を献ずる行為や直会などを神事とすることが多く、最も重要な神事は神職や巫女、稚児などが神意を伺う行為であることが多い。
English: There are indirect acts for consulting god's will, such as shinji where fortune is told based upon the result of sumo, etc.
Japanese: 神意を伺う行為には間接的なものもあり、神前での相撲などの結果如何で吉凶を占う神事もある。
English: The religious meaning of such acts is not strongly felt, but there are many examples like this, such as competitions like yabusame (horseback archery) and kurabeuma (horse racing), using objects and animals.
Japanese: このような行為の宗教的な意味合いは強く意識されていないが、同じようなものが多くあり、流鏑馬、競馬（くらべうま）などの競技や、物や動物を使ったものがある。
English: Dance performances are often shinji, and kagura (ancient Shinto music and dancing), such as Miko no mai (shrine maidens dancing) and shishimai (lion dance), is a classic shinji mai (shinji dance).
Japanese: 演舞も神事であることが多く、神楽が神事舞の代表的なもので、巫女の舞、獅子舞などがある。
English: In many cases, the object in which a deity resides or the object to which a spirit is drawn is transferred to a portable shrine, and an imperial visit to the shrine parishioner, or togyo (transfer of a sacred object from its place of enshrinement) to the otabisho (place where the sacred palanquin is lodged during a festival), or to the genkyu is performed.
Japanese: 多くの場合、神霊が宿った神体や依り代などを神輿に移し、氏子地域内への行幸、御旅所や元宮への渡御などが行われる。
English: Shinko-sai Festival' means an 'imperial visit by god' and broadly refers to the entire imperial visit; narrowly conceived it refers to the process of the outward trip from the shrine to the destination such as otabisho.
Japanese: 神幸祭は「神の行幸」の意味で、広義には行幸の全体を、狭義には神社から御旅所などの目的地までの往路の過程を指す。
English: In the latter, the term Kanko-sai Festival is used for the process of the return trip from the destination to the shrine.
Japanese: 後者の場合は目的地からの神社への復路の過程に還幸祭（かんこうさい）という言葉が用いられる。
English: The Togyo-sai Festival and Kangyo-sai Festival mean the same thing as the Shinko-sai Festival and the Kanko-sai Festival, and the Togyo-sai Festival also refers to the entire imperial visit (togyo) in a broad sense.
Japanese: 神幸祭・還幸祭と同じ意味の言葉に渡御祭（とぎょさい）・還御祭（かんぎょさい）という言葉があり、渡御祭も広義には行幸（渡御）の全体を指す。
English: Originally, the divine spirit was welcomed at the altar in a village, but as the altar developed into a shrine, as a facility for accomodating religious services, the act of welcoming remained as a home visit or reverse process, and led to the Shinko-sai Festival.
Japanese: 本来は、神霊を集落内の祭壇に迎える形であったものが、祭壇が祭祀の施設として神社に発展すると、迎える行為が逆の過程の里帰りとして残り、神幸祭が行われるようになったと考えられている。
English: Therefore, the place at which a god descended, such as the dwelling place of a god, became otabisho, and in many cases, are currently referred to as genkyu or the original enshrinement place.
Japanese: このため、磐座などの降臨の地が御旅所となり、現在では元宮や元の鎮座地である場合が多い。
English: If not heading to the otabisho, the divine spirit patrols the shrine parishioner's community, or an imperial visit is made to perform shinji at specific locations.
Japanese: 御旅所などに向わない場合には、神霊が氏子地域を見回る、或いは、ある特定の場所で神事などを行うために行幸される。
English: Miyadashi refers to taking the portable shrine outside the shrine's premises, and miyairi refers to the entry of the portable shrine into the shrine's premises after the visits.
Japanese: 神輿を巡幸のために神社の境内から出すことを宮出し（みやだし）、巡幸を終えた神輿が神社の境内に入ることを宮入り（みやいり）という。
English: These words are used when festival cars offered by children parading as tendo and the shrine parishioners exit and enter the shrine.
Japanese: この語は、稚児や氏子から奉納される山車などが神社から出る・入る場合にも用いられる。
English: Togyo is where many shrine parishioners can participate in the religious festival as carriers of the portable shrine, or in larger festivals, festival cars are used, shishimai (lion dance), and dancing are included as part of the parade.
Japanese: 渡御は多くの氏子が祭礼に関わることの出来る場面の一つで、神輿の担ぎ手になったり、祭礼の規模の大きなところでは山車、獅子舞や舞踊などを繰り出し行列になる。
English: The order of the togyo parade differs depending upon the festival, but often at the beginning of the parade, the sarudabiko (Shinto god) leads the way, and then things that serve as outriders such as staff with plaited paper streamers used in Shinto, kasaboko, liondog, flag, large paper lantern on a pole, drum, or things that indicate the head of the parade, and then often the portable shrine.
Japanese: 渡御行列の順序は祭礼によってまちまちであるが、行列の先頭部には先導役の猿田彦がいることが多く、その次に御幣、笠鉾、獅子、幟、高張り提灯、太鼓などの露払いの役目を持つものや先頭を示すものがあって、神輿がくることが多い。
English: Other than these, Shinto priests, shrine maidens, children parading as tendo, festival cars, liondog, dancing, etc., may also join the parade.
Japanese: このほかには、神職、巫女、稚児、山車、獅子、舞踏などが行列に含まれる。
English: Music during the journey of togyo varies, and often, gagaku (old Japanese court music) is performed by Shinto priests, or matsuri-bayashi (Japanese music) and marching songs by shrine parishioners.
Japanese: 渡御の道中は音楽的にも多様で、神職による雅楽、氏子による祭囃子や音頭などが奏でられることが多い。
English: The portable shrine is carried in different ways depending upon the festival - some are carried solemnly, some with high spirits, some go on togyo by boat (Funatogyo), and some are carried in the water.
Japanese: 神輿は祭礼によって様々な運行のされ方があり、厳かに運行されるもの、威勢良く担がれるもの、船での渡御（船渡御）や水中で担がれるものなどがある。
English: These styles of execution are associated with the enshrined deity, or are styles that were carried out sporadically, but became customary, and eventually a tradition.
Japanese: これら運行形態は、祭神に因んだもののほか、突発的に行われた運行形態が慣例化し、伝統になった場合もある。
English: Festival cars can have a role similar to portable shrines as an object to which a spirit is drawn, or are elegantly decorated for dedication, and shishimai and dancing, which can be categorized as Shinji mai (shinji dance) and hono-mai (Shinto dance for dedication), are both carried out mainly by shrine parishioners, and in the case of hono, towns of shrine parishioners often compete against one another by elaborating on elegance and style of execution.
Japanese: 山車には神輿に近い依り代の役割を持ったものと奉納の風流があり、獅子舞や舞踏にも神事舞と奉納舞があるが、どちらの場合も氏子が中心に運行されており、特に奉納の場合は氏子各町が華やかさや運行形態に趣向を凝らし、競い合いっていることが多い。
English: When togyo is performed during the night, a lantern procession is added and festival cars are also lit up.
Japanese: 渡御が夜間に行われる場合は、提灯行列が加わったり、山車に明りが灯されるなどする。
English: (Jinin, jinnin) Low-ranking Shinto priests and yoriudo serving the shrine to perform chores and duties.
Japanese: （じにん、じんにん）神社に隷属し雑役などを行った下級神職・寄人のこと。
English: "Jinin" and "jinnin" are low-ranking Shinto priests and yoriudo who served families of Shinto priests who serve a shrine on the basis of hereditary in order to assist in shinji (Shinto rituals), clerical work at the shrine, and carry out chores in shrines during ancient and medieval times.
Japanese: 神人（じにん、じんにん）とは、古代から中世の神社において、社家に仕えて神事、社務の補助や雑役に当たった下級神職・寄人である。
English: There are honsha jinin, who are under the direct control of shrines, and sanzai jinin, who live on the land of shrines in the provinces.
Japanese: 神人には、神社に直属する本社神人と、諸国に存在する神領などの散在神人とがある。
English: Jinin were armed guards at the front of shrines and at religious services, and thus, from the times of insei from the Heian period to the Muromachi period, records show that along with priest warriors, they frequently committed violence and organized petitions.
Japanese: 神人は社頭や祭祀の警備に当たることから武器を携帯しており、平安時代の院政期から室町時代まで、僧兵と並んで乱暴狼藉や強訴が多くあったことが記録に残っている。
English: Not only armed groups, but also performers, craftsmen, and merchants joined jinin, and over time, many commerce, industry, and entertainment guilds were organized by jinin.
Japanese: このような武装集団だけでなく、神社に隷属した芸能者・手工業者・商人なども神人に加えられ、やがて、神人が組織する商工・芸能の座が多く結成されるようになった。
English: Horikawa jinin who belonged to Gion-sha Shrine (currently Yasaka-jinja Shrine) who gathered in Gojo Horikawa, operated a lumber business in medieval times, transporting lumber from the mountains in Tanba Province down the Kizu-gawa River in the form of rafts, to be stored in Gojo Horikawa.
Japanese: 京の五条堀川に集っていた祇園社（現八坂神社）の堀川神人は中世には材木商を営み、丹波国の山間から木津川を筏流しで運んだ材木を五条堀川に貯木した。
English: At the Gion-sha Shrine, lower ranking jinin called 'inu jinin' served to clean the shrine, provided security at Yama-hoko junko (float procession), and had the privilege to participate in cleaning and attending funerals across Kyoto.
Japanese: 祇園社には、身分の低い「犬神人」と呼ばれる神人が隷属し、社内の清掃や山鉾巡幸の警護のほか、京市内全域の清掃・葬送を行う特権を有していた。
English: Backed by the power of Enryaku-ji Temple, hiyoshi jinin at the Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine transported annual rice taxes, provided loans to court nobles and provincial governors, and grew to become the main high-rate lender in Kyoto.
Japanese: 日吉大社の日吉神人は、延暦寺の権勢を背景として、年貢米の運搬や、京の公家や諸国の受領に貸し付けを行うなど、京の高利貸しの主力にまで成長した。
English: Iwashimizu jinin at the Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine held monopoly rights at the fish market in Yodo and also transportation rights over land and water, while oyamazaki jinin at the subordinate Rikyu Hachiman-gu Shrine, held exclusive purchasing rights for egoma (a type of perilla).
Japanese: 石清水八幡宮の石清水神人は淀の魚市の専売権、水陸運送権などを有し、末社の離宮八幡宮に属する大山崎神人はエゴマの購入独占権を有していた。
English: In the narrow sense, it refers to noro (hereditary female Shinto priest performing shinji in villages in Okinawa), but in the broad sense, it means a person serving god, which includes assistant Shinto priests of noro, colonial priests such as negami and nenin, and folk shamans such as yuta.
Japanese: 狭義にはノロ（祝女）のことであるが、広義には神に仕える者と言う意味で、祝女の補佐役などの神職者、根神や根人といった集落の祭司や、民間シャーマンであるユタも神人に含まれる。
English: On Kudaka-jima Island, which has been a sacred place since the Ryukyu Kingdom, and where ancient faiths still remain today, a conventional phrase, 'Men are uminchu, women are kaminchu' continues to be used, passing along a societal tradition where men were laborers and women served as Shinto priests.
Japanese: 琉球王国以来の聖地であり、古代の信仰を現在も残しているといわれる久高島には「男は海人（うみんちゅ）、女は神人（かみんちゅ）」なる常套句が残り、かつて男性は労務に、女性は神職に従事した社会であったことを言い伝えている。
English: "Ryobu Shinto" is a combination of Shinto and Buddhism based on interpretation of Shinto from a Buddhist Shingon Sect (esoteric Buddhism) standpoint.
Japanese: 両部神道とは、仏教の真言宗（密教）の立場からなされた神道解釈に基づく神仏習合である。
English: It is represented in the rules written in the Ryokai mandala Kongokai mandala centered around Dainichi nyorai and also in the Ryokai mandala Taizo mandara.
Japanese: それは大日如来を中心にした両界曼荼羅金剛界曼荼羅の構成と両界曼荼羅胎蔵曼荼羅の構成の儀規として表現されている。
English: The Butsu bosatsu drawn in the mandalas of the two realms, Vajradhatsu (Diamond realm) and Garbhadhatsu (Womb realm), were considered the true forms of Buddha, and god (Shinto) was interpreted as its manifested form.
Japanese: この金剛界と胎蔵界の両部の曼陀羅に描かれた仏菩薩を本地とし、神(神道)をその垂迹として解釈した。
English: Shinzen dokkyo (reading Buddhist sutras to god) was introduced, believing that Japanese gods were also seeking nirvana through Buddhism, Jingu-ji temples were built on the premises of shrines, and statues of god were made under the influence of Buddhism.
Japanese: 日本の神々も仏法による解脱をのぞんでいるとして神前読経がおこなわれるようになり、神社の境内に神宮寺が建てられ、仏像の影響をうけて神像も製作されるようになった。