nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: However, he died in 1005 at the age of 85 without becoming onmyo no kami (director of the Onmyoryo); this fact is considered proof that the Abe clan was not a family which traditionally had a strong basis in Onmyoryo and tenmondo.
Japanese: ものの陰陽寮の最高責任者である陰陽頭には就任することなく、寛弘2年（1005年）に85歳で没していることから、陰陽寮及び天文道において強い基盤を持っていた家柄ではなかったとみられている。
English: Regardless, as he played an active role in onmyodo and tenmondo for a long time, enjoyed longevity, and was blessed with two sons, ABE no Yoshimasa and ABE no Yoshihira, a good foundation was established for the family.
Japanese: だが、彼の陰陽道・天文道における長期の活躍と長寿、安倍吉昌・安倍吉平の2人の男子に恵まれたことが大きい。
English: Yoshimasa was recommended by KAMO no Yasunori as tenmon tokugyou no sho in 970, was appointed tenmon hakase after Seimei in 986, and became onmyo no kami in 1004, also serving as tenmon hakase until his death.
Japanese: 吉昌は天禄元年（970年）に賀茂保憲の推挙で天文得業生に推挙され、寛和2年（986年）に晴明の後任の天文博士に任じられ、寛弘元年（1004年）に陰陽頭を兼任し、死去するまで天文博士を兼務していた。
English: Meanwhile, Yoshihira is known to have been appointed as onmyo hakase (Doctor of onmyo) in 991; he was granted Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) after serving as onmyo no suke (Assistant Director of Onmyoryo, or Bureau of Divination) and received an imperial decree of tenmon misso in 1019 following the death of Yoshimasa, who was the then tenmon hakase.
Japanese: また吉平も正暦2年（991年）に陰陽博士に任じられていたことが知られ、陰陽助などを経た後に従四位下に叙され、寛仁3年（1019年）に天文博士であった吉昌死去を受けて天文密奏の宣旨を受ける。
English: There were two reasons for this emergency appointment: the first was that the then tenmongon no hakuji (master of astronomy), WAKE Hisakuni (? 和気久邦), was in Iyo Province, and the second was that the two people who received imperial decrees of tenmon misso were not sufficiently skilled.
Japanese: これは当時の天文権博士和気久邦が伊予国に滞在中であり、天文密奏宣旨を受けた2名も技術が未熟であったために応急措置として与えられたものである。
English: In addition, Akichika's younger brother, ABE no Norichika, was assigned to be tenmongon no hakuji in 1035, completing the Abe clan's monopoly of both hakase relating to tenmon (in 1031, their oldest brother ABE no Tokichika received an imperial decree of tenmon misso as well).
Japanese: 更に長元8年（1035年）に章親実弟の安倍奉親が天文権博士に任ぜられ、安倍氏が天文両博士を独占した（更に2人の長兄安倍時親も長元4年（1031年）に天文密奏宣旨を受けている）。
English: Although there had been some precedent for new tenmon hakase to be appointed by a tenmon hakase's recommendation ("Choya gunsai (Collected Official and Unofficial Writings)"), from that point on, the tradition of tenmon hakase from the Abe family recommend their own kin for tenmon hakase or tenmongon no hakuji, keeping the positions in the family, was established.
Japanese: 天文博士の挙状によって後任の天文博士が任命される例はそれ以前にも存在していた（『朝野群載』）が、これ以後は安倍氏の天文博士が挙状によって自己の一族を天文博士・権博士に任命して世襲していくことが行われるようになった。
English: There were reasons for this: first, as tenmondo was then considered to be a special skill and was only passed down among family members (hereditary learning), the Imperial Court allowed it in order to preserve divination techniques, and second, a hereditary government office system had been established.
Japanese: これは当時天文道が特殊な技術と考えられ、その学術が親子間の相伝（家学）となり、朝廷も天文占術技術の維持を目的としてそれを許容したこと、官司請負制の定着によるところが大きい。
English: (Meanwhile, the Kamo clan also claimed their position in rekido: in the Kamakura period, when a member of the Abe clan was onmyo no kami, the Kamo clan insisted that the ceremony of goryaku no so (the annual presentation of the calendar to the emperor), which had been conducted mainly by onmyo no kami, should be conducted by reki hakase.
Japanese: （一方、賀茂氏側も暦道における自己の立場を主張し、鎌倉時代に入ると本来は陰陽頭が中心となる御暦奏の儀式において安倍氏が陰陽頭の場合には
English: Saying, 'Tenmondo should deal with tenmon misso and rekido should handle goryaku no so', they excluded the Abe clan's onmyo no kami from the ceremony, changing the tradition.
Japanese: 「天文道は天文密奏、暦道は御暦奏を掌る」という独自の論理を主張して安倍氏の陰陽頭を排除して賀茂氏の暦博士が中心となって行うようになっていった。
English: In addition, in the book "Imakagami (The Mirror of the Present)", some connection was stated between the death of Shinzei, a member of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan, in the Heiji War, and his deep knowledge of Tenmondo.)
Japanese: また、『今鏡』には藤原南家出身の信西の平治の乱での最期と彼が天文道に通じたことが結びつけて書かれている）。
English: The imperial decrees of tenmon misso to the Nakahara clan ended with the one for NAKAHARA no Moroyasu in 1118, and were subsequently issued only to members of the Abe clan.
Japanese: また、中原氏に対する天文密奏宣旨も元永元年（1118年）の中原師安を最後に途絶え、安倍氏の人物に対してのみ出されることとなる。
English: Furthermore, discord within the Abe clan over the position of tenmon hakase and decrees of tenmon misso increased as the family members established branch families.
Japanese: 更に安倍氏の家系の分裂とともに天文博士の地位や天文密奏宣旨のついても争いが激化した。
English: There was an incident quite contrary to the usual cases in which tenmon hakase conducted tenmon misso (Article on April 22, 1235 of "Meigetsuki (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) ") : in 1235, one member of the Abe clan who had not received an imperial decree was appointed as tenmon hakase for his distinguished service in reporting temporarily appearing stars.
Japanese: 天福(日本)2年（1235年）には宣旨を受けていない安倍家氏が客星出現を知らせた功績で天文博士に補されるという本来の天文博士が天文密奏を行うのとは逆の事例も生じている（『明月記』文暦2年3月26日条）。
English: Additionally, like ABE no Yasuchika who later became the mainstream of the Abe clan, they came to interpret tenmondo with more importance given to onmyodo than to the astronomy which came from China.
Japanese: また、後に安倍氏の主流となる安倍泰親のように、中国由来の天文学よりも陰陽道の考え方を重視して天文道の解釈を行っていくようになった。
English: The divided Abe clan was reunited under ABE no Ariyo (a descendent of Yasuchika), who was backed by the Muromachi bakufu (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); they named themselves the Tsuchimikado family (the Abe clan), and acquired a position from which they could supervise both tenmondo and onmyodo.
Japanese: 安倍氏の分裂状態は室町幕府の支援を受けた安倍有世（泰親の子孫）の元で統一が図られ、土御門家(安倍氏)と号して天文道・陰陽道を統括する立場となった。
English: Later in the Edo period, at the time of Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO, the soke (the head family or house) of the Kamo clan died out and the Abe clan took the position of rekido, over which they had fought with the Kotokui Family, a branch family of the Kamo Clan; in this way, they established the dominance of the Abe Clan's Tsuchimikado family in the Onmyoryo.
Japanese: 更に江戸時代の土御門泰福の時代には賀茂氏宗家の断絶後、賀茂氏庶流の幸徳井家と争っていた暦道の地位も奪って、安倍氏流土御門家による陰陽寮支配が確立されることとなった。
English: Although it was only after the establishment of tenmonkata (officer in charge of astronomy) by the Edo bakufu that people started to conduct astronomical research in the current style, the first tenmonkata, Harumi SHIBUKAWA, discussed the theory on the relationship between astronomical bodies and divination, which followed the tradition of Tenmondo, as well as scientific observation of the sky in a book called "Tenmon Keito" (this may stem from the fact that Harumi learned Shinto from Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO).
Japanese: 日本で今日のような天文学の研究が開始されるのは、江戸幕府が天文方を設置して以後であるが、初代天文方の渋川春海は『天文瓊統』において、科学的な天文観測とともに天文道以来の天体と占いの関係についての学説に割いている（これは春海が土御門泰福から神道を学んだ影響も大きい）。
English: With resistance from Tsuchimikado family's Tenmondo, as well as Buddhist astronomy which came from Sukuyodo (astrology with its roots in esoteric Buddhism), the study was introduced in full after the Meiji period, when the Onmyoryo was abolished.
Japanese: また、土御門家の天文道や宿曜道に由来する仏教天文学の抵抗もあり、その本格化は陰陽寮が廃止された明治時代以後のことになる。
English: The Kutsuki clan was a clan located in Takashima County, Omi Province (current Kutsuki, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture).
Japanese: 朽木藩（くつきはん）とは、近江国高島郡(滋賀県)（現在の滋賀県高島市朽木）に存在した藩。
English: Mototsuna KUTSUKI, who served both Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, was from a venerable family: his maternal grandfather was Masatsuna ASUKAI, who was a kugyo (top court official).
Japanese: 朽木元綱も足利義輝・足利義昭に仕え、外祖父に公卿飛鳥井雅綱を持つなど名門の血を継いだ。
English: He helped Nobunaga ODA escape to Kyoto when ODA faced a crisis due to Nagamasa AZAI's betrayal, and then he served Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and was granted 20,000 Goku crop yields.
Japanese: 織田信長が浅井長政の裏切りで危機に陥ったときに京都への脱出を助け、その後、織田信長・豊臣秀吉に仕えて2万石を有した。
English: In the Battle of Sekigahara, he initially fought for the Western Camp, but later, on the main battle field, he followed Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA's example and defected to the Eastern Camp.
Japanese: 関ヶ原の合戦では当初は西軍につくが、主戦場で小早川秀秋に同調して東軍に寝返る。
English: However, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA remained suspicious of him, so that while Ieyasu acknowledged Kutsuki's main domain of Omi Kutsuki, he left the clan's total crop yield 9550 goku, being taken away their status as daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
Japanese: だが、徳川家康はその挙動に不信感を抱き本領の近江朽木は安堵したものの、その総石高は9550石に留まり、大名の資格を失った。
English: Later, the Kutsuki clan was treated as kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period), which was similar to daimyo, and was granted the right to own their own jinya.
Japanese: その後、朽木氏は交代寄合として遇されて、独自の陣屋を持つことを認められて大名に準じる扱いを受けた。
English: After the death of Mototsuna, his first son, Nobutsuna KUTSUKI was granted 6470 goku crop yields and the rest was subdivided between his other two sons.
Japanese: 元網没後、長男朽木宣綱が6470石を与えられ、残りは弟2人に分知された。
English: The youngest son, Tanetsuna KUTSUKI (the lord of the domain of Tsuchiura), was favored by Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and promoted to daimyo of 10,000 goku with an increase of crop yields on September 12, 1636.
Japanese: 末弟の朽木稙綱(土浦藩主)が徳川家光の寵愛を受けて、寛永13年8月13日(旧暦)（1636年9月12日）に加増を受けて1万石の大名となる。
English: Subsequently, on January 18, 1648, he was granted Kanuma City in Shimotsuke Province and others, and established the Kanuma Domain by choosing Kanuma-jo Castle as his residence.
Japanese: その後、正保4年12月24日(旧暦)（1648年9月12日）に下野国鹿沼市などを与えられて鹿沼城を居城と定めた事で鹿沼藩が成立する。
English: However, as the family's base had been in Kutsuki from the time of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it is thought that the Kutsuki Domain of the Edo bakufu existed during the eleven-year period after Tanetsuna became daimyo and before he gained Kanuma.
Japanese: が、それ以前については旗本時代以来の本拠が朽木にあったことから、その大名取立てから鹿沼領有までの11年間は江戸幕府における朽木藩が存在したとされている。
English: The word 'Kutsuki Domain' is sometimes used in the following cases: when people refer to the territory which was controlled by the soke (the head family or house), or to the Tosa Domain and Fukuchiyama Domain, which were governed by Tanetsuna's descendents.
Japanese: なお、交代寄合としての宗家（朽木宣綱の子孫）の領域を指して特に「朽木藩」と呼ぶ例や、稙綱の子孫が治めた土浦藩や福知山藩などを指して「朽木藩」と呼ぶ例もある。
English: "Tango no kuni Fudoki" (The records of Tango Province) is a record of Tango Province (now the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 『丹後国風土記』（たんごのくにふどき）は、丹後国（今の京都府北部）の風土記。
English: Because Fudoki (the description of regional climate, culture, etc.) was compiled by imperial order in around 713, it seems that the original text came into existence during the middle of eighth century at the latest.
Japanese: 風土記編纂が命じられたのが和銅６年（713年）であるため、原本は遅くとも8世紀中にはできていたと思われる。
English: The legends of Urashima and Hagoromo (a robe of heavenly feathers), which belong to the oldest articles, are particularly unique, including Japanese poems written in Manyo-gana (an ancient Japanese writing system using Chinese characters).
Japanese: 最古の部類に入る浦島伝説、羽衣伝説の記述は万葉仮名書きの和歌が入っている点も含めて特筆すべきものである。
English: A good-looking man, Tsutsukawa no Shimako, or Mizunoe Urashima no ko, who was an ancestor of KUSAKABE no Obito and others, lived in the region of Tsutsukawa no sato.
Japanese: 筒川の里、日下部首等の先祖に姿容秀美の筒川嶼子という者、即ち水江浦島子がいた。
English: During the reign of the Emperor Hatsuse no Asakura no Miya (the Emperor Yuryaku), Urashima no ko went fishing in a small boat.
Japanese: 長谷朝倉宮御宇天皇（雄略天皇）の御世、浦島子は小舟に乗り釣りに出た。
English: He felt it was strange, but while he was sleeping the turtle turned into the most beautiful woman he had ever seen,
Japanese: 奇異に思ったが眠っている間に亀は比べることもなき美麗な婦人と為った。
English: She told Urashima no ko to sleep, and when he woke up, before he knew, they had arrived at a big island under the sea.
Japanese: 彼女が眠るように命じ浦島子が目覚めると、不意の間に海中の大きな島に至っていた。
English: They introduced themselves as 'Subaru-boshi stars' (the Pleiades) and 'Amefuri-boshi stars' (the Hyades), respectively.
Japanese: 彼らはそれぞれ「すばるぼし」（プレアデス星団）と「あめふりぼし」（ヒアデス星団）だという。
English: He stayed in the palace for three years, but eventually Urashima no ko missed his hometown and hoped to return to the mundane world instead of being in the heavenly, immortal world.
Japanese: 館に留まること三年経ち、浦島子は郷里の事を思い出し、神仙之堺に居るよりも俗世に還ることを希望する。
English: Tearfully saying goodbye to him, his wife gave him a tamakushige (a casket) and warned him, 'Never, ever open the casket if you want to come back again.'
Japanese: 女娘は別れを悲しみながらも、玉匣（たまくしげ）を渡し「戻ってくる気ならゆめゆめ開けるなかれ」と忠告する。
English: for his home village,' it said, then it seemed that 300 years had passed from the time of his departure until his homecoming.
Japanese: 到故郷」と記され、そのことから帰還まで300年程度経ったと推定される。
English: The date of his departure, in the reign of the Emperor Yuryaku, is not determined, but considering other Urashima legends, which have something in common, suggest that time of this world must had passed much faster than that of three years in the palace.
Japanese: 出発時の雄略天皇の代がいつなのか確定しがたいが、他の浦島伝説での共通点も踏まえ現世では館での3年より遙かに長い時間が流れていたと伝えられることは確実なようである。
English: Unlike other legends of Hagoromo handed down in other places, the story is unique.
Japanese: 各地に伝わる羽衣伝説とは違い、物語の筋が一風変わったものになっている。
English: In Manai Lake (eventually it became a swamp, they say) in the village, eight tennyo (heavenly maidens) were bathing, but an elderly couple by the name of Wanasa hid a robe of feathers and adopted one tennyo, who had lost her robe.
Japanese: この里の比治山頂の麻奈井の湖（今は既に沼となったと書かれる）で、天女八人が水浴びしていたとき、和奈佐という老夫婦は一つの羽衣を隠し、帰れなかった天女を子にした。
English: However, when they became rich they drove her out, saying, 'You are not our child.'
Japanese: しかし豊かになると「汝は吾が子ではない」と言い天女を追い出してしまう。
English: The tennyo was, they say, enshrined in Nagu-jinja shrine, Yasaka Town, Takeno County, as Toyoukehime no kami (a goddess of food).
Japanese: 天女は現在の竹野郡弥栄町の奈具神社に豊宇気毘売神として祀られることになったという。
English: It is said that the school's ancestral beginning was when Hogen KIICHI taught the way of the sword to eight Buddhist monks on Mt. Kurama in the end of the Heian period, and it is said to be the origins of all swordsmanship.
Japanese: 平安時代末期に鬼一法眼が京都の鞍馬山で8人の僧侶に刀法を伝えたところを始祖として、現代まで伝わる全ての剣術の源流となったとされる。
English: There is a legend that Yoshitsune MINAMOTO was a follower of this school, and there are many folklores such as stories on various characters and biographies related to the school but none has concrete evidence and do not go beyond being a legend.
Japanese: 源義経が師事した流派という伝説もあり、様々な人物伝や伝記などの伝承もあるが、どれも具体的な物証などがなく、伝説の域を出ない。
English: There are also folklores that say Seijuro YOSHIOKA and Denshichiro YOSHIOKA, who fought Musashi MIYAMOTO from the final days of Sengoku Period (period of warring states) to the beginning of the Edo period were masters from the Kyohachiryu-school's Yoshioka-dojo hall, but it is not possible to determine the validity of such stories as the Yoshioka family and followers have become extinct and there are no trustworthy materials to give light on the conflicts between the Yoshioka group and Musashi.
Japanese: その後戦国時代(日本)末期から江戸時代初期の宮本武蔵と争った吉岡清十郎、吉岡伝七郎を京八流吉岡道場の達人と伝承もあるが、当の吉岡一門が断絶しており、吉岡一門と武蔵の私闘自体、文献の信用性が薄く検証性が乏しい。
English: Besides the Yoshiokaryu-school, the Kuramaryu-school, Nakajoryu-school and some others are said to originate from the Kyohachiryu-school, but it does not go beyond being a legendary school of swordsmanship and there are doubts as to whether it actually existed.
Japanese: 吉岡流の他、鞍馬流、中条流などが京八流に源流を持つとされるが、あくまで伝説上の剣術であり、実在が疑問視されている。
English: The school being 'the origin of swordsmanship' and 'its founder being Hogen KIICHI' are part of popular legends and numerous fictional accounts and comics have been written based on them.
Japanese: 「剣術の源流」「始祖が鬼一法眼」という伝承そのものはポピュラーで、現代に至るまでさまざまな文学作品や漫画作品などの設定に用いられている。
English: The Battle of Nejirozaka was a battle fought between pro-Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI forces and pro-Yoshihisa SHIMAZU forces in Nejirozaka, Hyuga Province on May 24, 1587.
Japanese: 根白坂の戦い（ねじろざかのたたかい）は、に日向国根城坂で行なわれた豊臣秀吉軍と島津義久軍による合戦である。
English: Aiming to conquer Kyushu, Yoshihisa SHIMAZU launched an invasion of Bungo in 1586 and defeated the Toyotomi and Otomo allies in the Battle of Hetsugigawa in January 1587, on which occasion Yoshimune OTOMO fled to Buzen Province in fear of the power of the Shimazu clan, virtually leaving Bungo in control of the Shimazu clan.
Japanese: 九州制覇を目指す島津義久は、天正14年（1586年）に入ると豊後侵攻(島津氏)を開始し、12月には戸次川の戦いで豊臣・大友連合軍を撃破し、大友義統は島津氏の勢威を恐れて豊前国に逃亡し、豊後はほぼ島津氏の支配下に入った。
English: Meanwhile, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who had brought his old enemy Ieyasu TOKUGAWA into subjection to ensure future security, decreed a large-scale mobilization order in February, 1587 for the Kyushu Conquest, and sent a large army of daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) from Kinai (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), Chugoku and Shikoku regions to Kyushu.
Japanese: 一方、宿敵の徳川家康を臣従させて後顧の憂いを無くしていた豊臣秀吉は、天正15年（1587年）1月に九州征伐の大動員令を発し、畿内や中国・四国の諸大名による大軍を九州に送り出した。
English: In April, the forces of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, who was Hideyoshi's younger brother, joined the Chugoku forces of Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA, and Keijun MIYABE who had already arrived at Buzen Kokura, making a 100,000-strong Toyotomi army.
Japanese: 3月には秀吉の弟・豊臣秀長の軍勢が豊前小倉において先着していた毛利輝元や宇喜多秀家、宮部継潤ら中国の軍勢と合流し、豊臣軍の総勢は10万になった。
English: On this occasion, powerful local clans in Buzen and Bungo Provinces left the Shimazu clan and went over to the Toyotomi clan, and Masaie RYUZOJI and Naoshige NABESHIMA in Hizen Province followed their examples.
Japanese: これにより豊前・豊後国の土豪などは島津氏を見限って豊臣氏に帰順し、さらに肥前国の龍造寺政家と鍋島直茂も豊臣氏に帰順する。
English: Seeing the wide military capabilities gap, Yoshihisa SHIMAZU planned to consolidate his forces.
Japanese: これに対して島津義久は圧倒的に兵力差があり過ぎることから戦線の縮小を図った。
English: After the Battle of Hetsugigawa, Iehisa SHIMAZU, who was his younger brother, left Funai-jo Castle in Bungo which he had occupied and retreated to Matsuo-jo Castle (Hyuga Province) which was located further backward, and Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who was his older brother, moved to Funai-jo Castle in Iehisa's place to reinforce the defenses.
Japanese: 戸次川の戦い後に義久の弟・島津家久が占領していた豊後府内城から家久は後方の松尾城(日向国)に撤退し、代わって島津家久の兄・島津義弘が府内城に入って守備を固めたのである。
English: However, soon after the Funai-jo Castle was attacked by the Toyotomi's army, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU realized that the enemy's forces and supplies far exceeded his own, so he escaped Funai-jo Castle by sea in the midst of a midnight storm on April 22 and retreated to Matsuo-jo Castle where his younger brother Iehisa was on guard.
Japanese: しかし豊臣秀長率いる豊臣軍によって府内城が攻められるや、圧倒的な兵力・物量の差を悟った島津義弘は3月15日の夜半に風雨にまぎれて海路で府内城を脱出し、弟の家久が守る松尾城に退却した。
English: This encouraged Chikatsugu SHIGA at Oka-jo Castle, which had been impregnable in the invasion of Bungo Province by the Shimazu army, and Myorinni at Tsurusaki-jo Castle.
Japanese: これにより、先の豊後侵攻で島津軍の侵攻でも陥落しなかった岡城(豊後国)の志賀親次や鶴崎城の妙林尼などが勢いづいた。
English: This combined with the pursuit of the Otomo army, claimed huge casualties in the Shimazu army and the army was forced to retreat to Hyuga.
Japanese: 島津軍は大友軍の追撃まで受けて多くの犠牲を出しながら日向まで撤退した。
English: In the end of April, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI invaded Hyuga, and on May 6, he took control of Matsuo-jo Castle, which was a key strategic point in northern Hyuga.
Japanese: 3月下旬に入ると豊臣秀長が日向に侵攻し、3月29日には日向北部の要衝である松尾城が陥落した。
English: However, Taka-jo Castle guarded by Arinobu YAMADA, who was a distinguished defense general of the Shimazu army, was impregnable and even the large army of Toyotomi couldn't take control of it easily.
Japanese: しかし高城は堅固であり、守将も島津軍きっての勇将・山田有信だったため、豊臣の大軍も一筋縄ではいかない。
English: On May 8, Hideyoshi took control of Ganjaku-jo Castle, which was a subsidiary castle of Tanezane AKIZUKI of Chikuzen Province, which was a vassal province of the Shimazu clan.
Japanese: 秀吉は島津氏に従属する筑前国の秋月種実の支城・岩石城を4月1日に落とした。
English: For fear of individual fortresses being attacked by Hideyoshi, Tanezane AKIZUKI abandoned and destroyed Masutomi-jo Castle, which was one of his branch castles, and all of his armed forces were besieged in Koshosan-jo Castle.
Japanese: 秋月種実は秀吉に各個撃破されることを恐れて支城の益富城を破却して全軍で古処山城に立て籠もった。
English: But Hideyoshi, who was also a fortification expert, restored the destroyed Masutomi-jo Castle and used it as a military site, which shattered the morale of Tanezane and made him yield to Hideyoshi on May, 10.
Japanese: ところが秀吉得意の築城術で破却したはずの益富城が修復され、ここを拠点に古処山城が攻撃されたため、種実は戦意を失って4月3日に秀吉に降伏した。
English: Hideyoshi went on to invade Chikugo Province on May 17, and marched into Kumamoto in Higo Province on May 23, and into Udo on May 24.
Japanese: その後、秀吉は4月10日に筑後国に侵攻し、4月16日には肥後国隈本（熊本）、4月17日には宇土に進軍する。
English: Yoshihisa had gathered most of the troops from Satsuma and Osumi Provinces in Tonokori-jo Castle in Hyuga to prepare for Hidenaga's army.
Japanese: 義久は秀長の軍勢に備えるために薩摩国・大隅国などの軍勢の大半を日向都於郡城に結集していた。
English: Nejirozaka was a slope on the south of Taka-jo Castle, which was the only route for the Shimazu army to relieve Taka-jo Castle.
Japanese: この根城坂は高城の南側に位置する坂で、島津軍が高城を救援するなら絶対に通らないといけないルートだった。
English: Therefore, Hidenaga and Yoshikata KURODA heavily guarded Nejirozaka in preparation for an attack from behind by the Shimazu army.
Japanese: そのため、秀長や黒田孝高らも島津軍の後詰（救援）を警戒して根白坂の守備を特に固めていた。
English: Although opinions vary on the accurate numbers of the armies, it is said that the Toyotomi army numbered around 80,000 soldiers, whereas the Shimazu army numbered 35,000.
Japanese: このときの両軍の兵力は諸説があって定かではないが、豊臣軍は8万、島津軍は3万5000ほどだったといわれる。
English: The Shimazu army fought bravely, and legend has it that Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who was the taisho (general) himself went to the front and fought in the battle.
Japanese: 島津軍では大将の島津義弘が自ら前線に立って戦ったとまで伝えられるほど奮戦した。
English: But the Toyotomi army with 10,000 soldiers led by Keijun MIYABE, persistently protected the site utilizing karabori (dry moat) and a board fence.
Japanese: が、豊臣軍は宮部継潤らを中心にした1万の軍勢が空堀や板塀などを用いて堅守。
English: Then the main force of Hidenaga arrived to relieve the allies, but seeing the situation, Tomonobu BITO, who was a gungen (assistant deputy general), figured that relief was difficult and advised Hidenaga not to become engaged with the Shimazu army, to which Hidenaga followed.
Japanese: ここに秀長の本隊が救援にきたが、状況を見た軍監の尾藤知宣は救援は不可能、島津の軍に当たるべからずと秀長に進言し、秀長は救援の中止を受け入れた。
English: But Takatora TODO's force with 500 soldiers under Hidenaga's command and Tatsuyasu TOGAWA's force under Hideie UKITA's command went off to relieve Keijun, which buffeted the Shimazu army.
Japanese: しかし、秀長麾下の藤堂高虎が500名と宇喜多秀家麾下の戸川達安の手勢で継潤の救援に向かい、島津軍を翻弄。
English: Then, forces of Kobayakawa and Kuroda joined to unleash a pincer attack, and the Shimazu army was hard hit and defeated.
Japanese: ここに小早川・黒田勢が挟撃をしかけたため、島津軍は大きな損害を出して敗走した。
English: The defeat in the major battle broke the morale of Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, who then took the tonsure, called himself Ryuhaku and surrendered to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI on June 13.
Japanese: 主力決戦に敗れた島津義久は戦意を失い、剃髪して龍伯と号した上で5月8日に豊臣秀吉に降伏した。
English: Subsequently, Ryuhaku talked Yoshihiro SHIMAZU and Tadamoto NINO out of their intention resist until the end, and the Shimazu clan completely yielded to Hideyoshi by the end of June.
Japanese: その後、龍伯があくまで徹底抗戦をしようとした島津義弘や新納忠元らを説得して島津氏が完全に秀吉に降伏したのは、5月下旬のことである。
English: Later, Yoshihisa SHIMAZU was given Satsuma, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU was given Osumi, Hisayasu SHIMIZU, who was a son of Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, was given a County in Hyuga, respectively.
Japanese: 後に薩摩は島津義久に、大隅は島津義弘に、日向の一郡は島津義弘の子・島津久保に与えられた。
English: Thereafter, Yoshihisa transferred the head of the family to his younger brother Yoshihiro to launch a diarchy, and the Shimazu family retained the two Provinces and a County under the Toyotomi regime and Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) until the Meiji period.
Japanese: 以後、義久は弟の義弘に家督を譲って二頭政治を行ない、島津家は豊臣政権、江戸幕府の下でこの2国1郡の領土を明治時代まで守り抜いていくことになる。
English: They are one family of Seiwa-Genji (the MINAMOTO clan), in which MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi's son Yoshihiro SHIDA identified himself as 'Saburo SHIDA' and became the originator.
Japanese: 清和源氏の一族で、源為義の子、志田義広が｢志田三郎｣を称し、祖となる。
English: In the medieval age, during the time of Yoshiyasu SHIDA, a grandson of Yoshihiro, he became a retainer of the UESUGI clan in Echigo Province and later became a feudal retainer of the Yonezawa Domain.
Japanese: 中世においては、義広の孫にあたる志田義安の代で越後国上杉氏の臣下となり、近世には米沢藩士となった。