nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The school originated when the founder of the Ogasawara Clan, Nagakiyo OGASAWARA, who is said to have received the name from Emperor Takakura, was appointed by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to teach "kyuho".
Japanese: 高倉天皇にその名を頂いたとされる初代の小笠原長清が源頼朝に糾法（きゅうほう）指南役に命じられたことに端を発する。
English: "Kyuho" was defined as archery and horsemanship, and the 7th head of the clan, Sadamune OGASAWARA, who served Emperor Godaigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, was asked by the Emperor 'to improve archery and horsemanship skills and to set new standards for manners, which samurai families should follow'; it was at this time that the Ogasawara school's three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy' were established as samurai manners.
Japanese: 糾法とは弓と馬を意味し、七代目の小笠原貞宗は南北朝時代(日本)に後醍醐天皇に仕え「弓馬の妙蘊に達し、かつ礼法を新定して、武家の定式とするなり」という御手判を賜り、このとき「弓・馬・礼」の三法をもって小笠原流とする武家作法としてのその位置づけが確立。
English: Occasionally, only manners are taught but, taking into account the historical background, the Ogasawara-ryu can only be considered complete with the three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy'.
Japanese: 礼法だけが独立したように取り扱われることがあるが、その歴史的背景から、弓と馬と礼の三つが揃ってはじめて小笠原流とするのが適切である。
English: The position of 'Soke', or Grand Master, who was in charge of "Kyuho" and the Ogasawara style of etiquette, was passed down in Soryo-ke (the main branch of the family) for generations, but in 1562, to prevent the horseback archery technique from dying out, the 17th head of the family, Nagatoki OGASAWARA, and his son Sadayoshi OGASAWARA, who as daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period were involved in fierce battles against Shingen TAKEDA, handed the art of "kyuho", the family geneology and records to their cousin, Tsunenaga OGASAWARA, entrusting him with passing on the arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy.
Japanese: 小笠原家は代々、総領家（本家）が糾法および小笠原流礼法全般をとりしきり「宗家」となっていたが、惣領家十七代の小笠原長時とその子小笠原貞慶は、戦国大名として武田信玄らと壮絶な戦を繰り広げる中、弓馬礼法の伝統を絶やさないため、永禄5年（1562年）、従兄弟筋にあたる小笠原経長に糾法的伝と系図、記録を携え、弓馬術礼法の道統を託した。
English: This formal handing down of the position of the person in charge of the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy of Ogasawara-ryu school is known as Doto, equivalent to 'Soke'
Japanese: 道統とは小笠原の弓・馬・礼の三法の総取り仕切り役の正統継承を意味し、「宗家」にあたる。
English: This was the first time that the position of 'Soke' had been separated from the main family.
Japanese: つまりこのとき、本家としての総領家と、弓馬礼法の宗家との家がはじめて歴史的に分離したことになる。
English: In the Meiji period, they were granted the rank of earl, and the famous 'Lord Ogasawara's residence', built in Shinjuku, Tokyo by the 30th head of the Soryo-ke family, Nagayoshi OGASAWARA, is still standing.
Japanese: 明治に入ってからは伯爵となり、東京新宿に残されている有名な「小笠原伯爵邸」は、総領家第三十代の小笠原長幹が建立したものである。
English: Tsunenaga OGASAWARA, who had inherited the Doto, met Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and his descendants served the Tokugawa Shogunate, passing down the position of Soke.
Japanese: また、道統を継いだ小笠原経長は徳川家康と拝謁し、その子孫は歴代徳川将軍に仕え、宗家を継承。
English: At the direction of the 8th Shogun, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, a new ritual known as yabusame horseback archery was established and performed several times at Takada no Baba riding ground.
Japanese: 八代将軍徳川吉宗の命により新儀式としての流鏑馬を制定し、高田馬場で度々行ったりもしている。
English: He is the official successor of the arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy and holds over 40 public rituals a year at shrines including Meiji-jingu Shrine, Atsuta-jingu Shrine, Ise-jingu Shrine, Yasukuni-jinja Shrine and Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine.
Japanese: 正統な弓馬礼法の継承者として、明治神宮や熱田神宮、伊勢神宮、靖国神社、鶴岡八幡宮などで、年間四十回以上の公的な神事を執り行っている。
English: Ogasawara-ryu Reihou is a registered trademark (Registration Number 3076080), and the use of the 'Ogasawara-ryu Reihou' name by other institutions is prohibited.
Japanese: 小笠原流礼法は登録商標（商標登録番号第3076080号）となっていて小笠原教場以外が、「小笠原流礼法」の名称を使用して教えることは禁じられている。
English: The Ogasawara-ryu consists of the three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy', which are officially handed down by the Iemoto (head of the school).
Japanese: 小笠原流は「弓・馬・礼」の三法をもって小笠原流とするが、その正統な継承権を有する家元のこと。
English: This is also known as Doto, and the current official Soke is Kiyotada OGASAWARA, who became the 31st Soke in 1994.
Japanese: 道統（どうとう）とも言い、現在の正式な宗家は平成6年（1994年）に31世を継承した小笠原清忠である。
English: The Ogasawara-ryu sencha tea ceremony is believed to have been started by Nagakiyo OGASAWARA's father, Tomitsu KAGAMI.
Japanese: 小笠原流煎茶道（おがさわらりゅうせんちゃどう）は小笠原長清の父、加賀美遠光以来の作法とされる。
English: The ceremony began with the tea master, Yoshikazu FURUICHI, who served Tadazane OGASAWARA, the Lord of Kokura Domain, Buzen Province, Kyushu (present-day Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture), and who was the 4th head following Choin FURUICHI, who had been an apprentice of the Muromachi-period tea master, Juko MURATA.
Japanese: 室町時代の茶人村田珠光の弟子古市澄胤の4代後の古市了和が九州豊前国小倉藩（福岡県北九州市）主小笠原忠真に仕えて始まった。
English: Tadazane's younger brother, the Lord of the Mikawa-Yoshida Domain (present-day Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture), and Tadatomo OGASAWARA (whose descendants were lords of Karatsu Domain, Hizen Province [present-day Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture] at the time of the Meiji Restoration) invited Sohen YAMADA, one of the 'Four Heavenly Kings' (as the closest followers of the founder of the Sansenke tea ceremony, SEN no Sotan, were known), to revive the matcha ceremony, though separately from the Ogasawara-ryu.
Japanese: 小笠原流を名乗っていないが、上記忠真の弟で三河吉田藩（愛知県豊橋市）主小笠原忠知（その子孫は明治維新時は肥前国唐津藩主、現在の佐賀県唐津市）が、三千家の祖の父の千宗旦の宗旦四天王の山田宗偏を迎えて興された流派がある。
English: The founder of the Ogasawara-ryu was Nagakiyo OGASAWARA, who served Yoritomo MINAMOTO, to teach the ancient practices and customs of samurai family.
Japanese: 小笠原流は、源頼朝の臣である小笠原長清を祖とする武家故実の流派である。
English: The family name Ogasawara is believed to have been given by Emperor Takakura, and starting with Yoritomo MINAMOTO, the clan served for generations as instructors of Kyuho to military commanders.
Japanese: 小笠原姓は長清が高倉天皇から賜ったとされ、源頼朝をはじめとする武将の糾法（弓馬術礼法）師範を代々つとめていた。
English: During the rule of Emperor Godaigo, the 7th generation Sadamune OGASAWARA (from the school of manners) and Tsuneoki (常興) OGASAWARA (from the school of horseback archery) authored "Shushinron (moral training theory)" and "Taiyoron (theory about how to deal with our bodies)", respectively, laying the foundations for the modern Ogasawara-ryu.
Japanese: その後後醍醐天皇の時代には七代小笠原貞宗（礼法家）と小笠原常興（弓馬術礼法家）、が『修身論』と『体用論』をまとめ、今の小笠原流の基礎を築いている。
English: Emperor Godaigo stated that 'Ogasawara should be the standard for Japanese samurai' and awarded a crest representing the character for king.
Japanese: 「小笠原は日本武士の定式たるべし」と後醍醐天皇より「王」の字の紋を与えられる。
English: In the Muromachi period, at the direction of Takauji ASHIKAGA, the 10th generation of the family, Nagahide OGASAWARA, compiled 'Sangiitto (a book about general knowledge for samurai)' together with the Ise clan and the Imagawa clan.
Japanese: 室町時代には、足利尊氏の命により、十代・小笠原長秀が伊勢氏、今川氏と共に「三議一統」を編纂。
English: The 18th generation of the family, Sadayoshi, wrote about changes since the 'Sangiitto', compiling them into the 'Seven Volumes of Ogasawara Etiqutte', which covered samurai etiquette.
Japanese: 十八代・貞慶は、「三議一統」後に加えられた記述をし、武家礼法を「小笠原礼書七冊」としてまとめる。
English: The main branch of the Ogasawara family provided the Soke (grand master), in charge of "kyuho" and Ogasawara-ryu manners for generations, but the 17th generation of the family, Nagatoki OGASAWARA and his son Sadayoshi OGASAWARA handed over Doto to their cousin, Tsunenaga from Akazawa, Izu, to prevent the horseback archery tradition from dying out in the turbulent Sengoku period.
Japanese: 小笠原家は代々、総領家（本家）が糾法および小笠原流礼法全般をとりしきり「宗家」となっていたが、十七代の小笠原長時とその子貞慶は、戦乱の戦国時代に弓馬礼法の伝統を絶やさないため、従兄弟筋にあたる伊豆赤沢の経長に宗家の道統を継承。
English: Doto means the formal succession of responsibility for the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy, and is equivalent to the more common 'Soke'.
Japanese: 道統とは小笠原の弓・馬・礼の三法の総取り仕切り役の正統継承を意味し、一般用語では「宗家」にあたる。
English: The Ogasawara school of manners was declared 'Otome-ryu' and was only allowed to teach the shogun's family, and the secrets of the style were passed down to one person only.
Japanese: 小笠原流礼法は幕府公式礼法の「お止め流」とされ将軍家にしか指導されず、流儀も次期宗家一人にしかその奥義を伝えられることはなかった。
English: In the late Edo period and Meiji period, which saw the introduction of equality for all people, girls' schools started teaching etiquette classes and affluent merchants were able to learn manners, although they were not related to Ogasawara.
Japanese: 江戸後期や四民平等となった明治には、女学校で礼儀作法が授業に取り入れられるなど、富裕層の町人も作法を学ぶようになるが、小笠原とは関係はない。
English: However, it seems that some of the groups who were teaching manners were using the Ogasawara name due to its prestige.
Japanese: ただ、「小笠原」というブランドイメージがあるため、中には小笠原を名乗るものもいたという。
English: Due to this, an image of 'courtesy and manners = strict and rigid = Ogasawara' developed, although as a rule this was not what the school advocated.
Japanese: それにより、一般には流派の本質ではない「礼儀作法＝堅苦しい＝小笠原」イメージがついてしまっている。
English: Recently, desecendants of the main branch of the family were taken to court for registering Ogasawara-ryu Reiho as a trademark and using the Soke title.
Japanese: 近年、本家筋の子孫が小笠原流礼法の商標を無断で登録して宗家を称したことにより裁判沙汰になった事実がある。
English: However, this was not an argument between the main branch and the Soke, as is generally assumed.
Japanese: しかしこれについては一般に思われている惣領家と宗家でもめている訳ではない。
English: The head of the main branch and the Soke still maintain communications with each other, as well as with past heads, and neither family feuds nor battles seem to exist between the families, as is usually believed.
Japanese: 惣領家当主と宗家筋自体は先代も含めて現在も交流があり、一般に思われているお家騒動や確執といった類のものは両家の間には見られない。
English: These legal proceedings have been taken against a certain person who made an illegal registration of the trademark and illegally designated him/herself as 'Soke.'
Japanese: 裁判沙汰はあくまでも、商標の無断登録ならびに「宗家」無断呼称した特定人物との間との問題。
English: Nowadays, Keishosai OGASAWARA, a niece of the 32nd head of the main family, calls herself Soke and teaches classes at Lord Ogasawara's Residence, but she should be considered a 'self-appointed Soke' due to the following three facts: (1) her school goes against the main idea that the Ogasawara school has historically consisted of the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy; (2) her school has not performed shinji (ritual ceremonies) in temples and shrines throughout Japan; and (3) archery and horsemanship are samurai skills and have historically have been handed down to one son only.
Japanese: 現在、総領家三十二世の姪、小笠原敬承斎なる宗家と称する者が小笠原伯爵邸を教場として教授しているが、（1）歴史的に小笠原弓馬術礼法の三法をもって小笠原流とする本流に反すること、（2）全国各地の神社での神事を行っていないこと、（3）弓馬術は武家作法で、歴史的に男系一子相伝、という3点の事実から、敬承斎は「自称宗家」と見るほうが適切。
English: "Kazashi" refers flowers and leaves worn in the hair or headdress in shrine rituals by the Japanese during the ancient times.
Japanese: 挿頭（かざし）とは上古の日本人が神事に際して髪や冠に挿した草花のこと。
English: The flowers and leaves varied depending upon the ritual, and they were not considered accessories, but were absolutely tools for rituals, although some personal taste was reflected.
Japanese: 儀式によって使用する草花に違いがあり、多少は個人の趣味志向が反映されるがあくまで装身具とは違う儀礼の道具である。
English: Besides real flowers, artificial flowers made with silk thread, and gold, and silver were used, and silver is still used for present day court functions.
Japanese: 生花のほかに絹糸細工や金銀細工の造花を使い、現在の宮中行事でも銀細工のものを使用する。
English: In the Aoi Festival parade (Hollyhock flower Festival), a festival of Kamo-jinja Shrine in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto Prefecture, even the oxen pulling the gissha (ox-drawn carriage) wear leaves of Hollyhock on its head.
Japanese: 京都府左京区にある賀茂神社の祭礼葵祭の行列では、牛車を引く牛までもがフタバアオイの葉を頭に飾る。
English: This derives from the crest of Kamo-jinja Shrine with the shape of Hollyhock (the crest of the Matsudaira family, Mitsuba-aoi [three leaves of Hollyhock] derives from this shrine), and it is held in order to strengthen the relationship between the god and men.
Japanese: これは賀茂神社の紋章が葵をかたどっていることに由来しており（松平家の三つ葉葵の紋はこの神社に由来する）、神と人との関係性を強める目的で行われている。
English: According to a legend, Kazashi originated from Uzume-no-mikoto, the god of entertainment and shrine maidens, and it is said to have started when she used ivy for tasuki (cord used to tuck up the sleeves of a kimono) and a hachimaki (headband) and performed a dance in front of Ama no iwato (Cave of heaven).
Japanese: 伝説によればかざしの起源は芸能の神であり巫女の神でもあるウズメの尊で、天岩戸の前で舞を披露する際に蔦を襷と鉢巻にしたのが始まりとされている。
English: Real flowers, especially flowers and leaves growing on the festival site were originally used for Kazashi, which is regarded to be a remnant from a kind of Kyokan jujutsu (empathy magic) <See: The Golden Bough> strengthening the life force by having interchange with the spirit of trees.
Japanese: かざしにはもともと生花、それも祭りの場で生えている草花を使用することから、樹霊との交流を得て生命力を強化しようとする一種の共感呪術＜参照：金枝篇＞の名残と考えられている。
English: It is apparently used in order to show gratitude toward gods and to synchronize and mix with the seasons and nature as well.
Japanese: また、神への感謝を表し季節や自然と同調し溶け合おうとする目的にも使用されたらしい。
English: Famous ones are the Hollyhock of Aoi festival mentioned above, kokoroba (artificial flowers) of a plum blossom and Ground Pine worn on the headdress by Omi (officials serving for Shinto rites), Hollyhock and Moonflower (also Chinese bellflower) worn by sumo wrestlers at Sumai no sechie (the Imperial ceremony of Sumo wrestling), and scarlet maple and Chrysanthemum (utsuroi-giku (reverse chrysanthemum)) in "Momiji no Ga (The Autumn Excursion)" in the Tale of Genji, though this is a fiction.
Japanese: 有名なものには先に述べた葵祭の葵、小忌の人が冠に飾る心葉（梅）と日陰葛、相撲節会の力士が飾る葵とユウガオ（キキョウも用いる）、フィクションだが源氏物語「紅葉賀」の紅葉と菊（移菊）などがある。
English: The Tekomai started in the middle Edo period when geisha dressed as men turned up to lead a float.
Japanese: 江戸中期頃、芸者が山車を先導する為、男性風の扮装で登場したのが始まり。
English: Nowadays, in regions where the geisha quarter has disappeared, young women, or sometimes pre-school girls (and rarely, small boys), dress up as men.
Japanese: 現代では花街が断絶した地域においては、地域の若い女性が扮する場合が多く、又、小中学生以下の少女(稀に少年)が扮する場合も多い。
English: The costumes are a scarlet and colorfully embroidered juban (underwear), slightly somber kimono (wide-sleeved, not short-sleeved), a pants-type hakama called Tattsuke and a bamboo hanagasa hat decorated with artificial flowers (the same as is used for the Hanagasa Festival), and the Tekomai dancers first put on the juban, the kimono without putting an arm through one sleeve of the kimono, the hakama, and the hanagasa on their back.
Japanese: 衣装は、緋色で、派手な刺繍をした襦袢の上に、やや地味な着物(小袖ではなく、広袖の場合が多い)を、片肌脱ぎで着用、たっつけと呼ばれるズボン型の袴を着用、花笠(花笠まつりと同じ)を背中に付ける。
English: The dancers usually apply Kabuki-style stage makeup, but if the dancers are not wearing a wig or are young girls, they apply formal style makeup, with other styles including those similar to folk dancers, travelling performers and ballerinas.
Japanese: 化粧は歌舞伎舞踊と、ほぼ同じ舞台化粧が原則だが、自毛で結った場合や少女の場合は大人のフォーマルや、民謡舞踊、大衆演劇と同様の厚化粧、バレエと同様な洋風の厚化粧、と、結構様々である。
English: The dancers generally wear a ichomage-style wig, (ichomage is a ginko leaf-shaped men's hairstyle, usually seen these days on sumo wrestlers) but if the dancer is not wearing a wig or is a young girl, more feminine hairstyles such as yuiwata (traditional hairstyle worn by unmarried women), momoware (literally split peach) and chigomage (with a forelock symbolizing youth) are often seen as well.
Japanese: 髪型は、刷毛先(銀杏髷)と呼ばれる、男性風の日本髪の鬘を被るのが原則だが、自毛で結った場合や少女の場合は男性風に限らず、結綿、桃割れ、稚児髷といった、少女風の髪型になる場合も多い。
English: The dancers carry an iron club with 4-6 iron rings attached to the top in their right hand and a Chochin (Japanese paper lantern) with the dancer's name written on it in their left hand and march singing Kiyari (songs sung by firemen.)
Japanese: 持ち物は、右手に金棒(上に鉄製の輪が4～6個付く鉄製の棒)、左手に自分の名前が書かれた提灯を持ち、木遣りを歌いながら行進する。
English: May 8: Kanbutsue (Buddha's-birthday celebration) at Kosen-ji Temple (Kusatsu-machi) (Tekomai consisting of six elementary school children leads a chigogyoretsu (kids parade)).
Japanese: 5月8日：潅仏会@光泉寺（草津町）(小学生くらいの６名の手古舞が稚児行列を先導)
English: Mid-November: Tochigi Aki-matsuri (Tochigi Autumn Festival) (Tochigi City) (once every two years, next one in 2008)
Japanese: 11月中旬：とちぎ秋まつり(栃木市)(２年に１度、次回は2008年)
English: Mid-May: Kanda Matsuri Festival at Kanda-jinja shrine (Chiyoda Ward and Chuo Ward, Tokyo) (Grand Festival is held every two years, next one in 2009.)
Japanese: 5月中旬：神田祭@神田神社（千代田区、中央区(東京都)）(大祭は２年に１度、次回は2009年)
English: Mid-June: Sanno Matsuri Festival at Hie-jinja Shrine (Chiyoda Ward and Minato Ward, Tokyo) (Grand Festival is held every two years, next one in 2008.)
Japanese: 6月中旬：山王祭@日枝神社（千代田区、港区(東京都)）(大祭は２年に１度、次回は2008年)
English: July 15: Summer Grand Festival at Inage Sengen-jinja Shrine (Inage Ward, Chiba City) (six elementary school children perform the tekomai while leading a children's parade)
Japanese: 7月15日：夏の大祭@稲毛浅間神社（千葉市稲毛区）(小学生くらいの６名の手古舞が稚児行列を先導)
English: Mid-August: Grand Festival at Tomioka Hachiman-gu Shrine (Koto Ward and Chuo Ward, Tokyo) (held every three years, next one in 2008)
Japanese: 8月中旬：例大祭@富岡八幡宮（江東区、中央区(東京都)）(大祭は3年に１度、次回は2008年)
English: Mid-August: Grand Festival at Fukagawa Jinmyo-gu Shrine (Koto Ward) (held every three years, next one in 2009)
Japanese: 8月中旬：例大祭@深川神明宮（江東区）(大祭は3年に１度、次回は2009年)
English: Mid-September: Grand Festival at Ushijima-jinja Shrine (Sumida Ward) (held every five years, next one in 2012)
Japanese: 9月中旬：例大祭@牛嶋神社（墨田区）(大祭は5年に１度、次回は2012年)
English: Actresses from Toei Kyoto Studio Park perform Tekomai or dress up as Edo Geisha (the only place in Kansai?)
Japanese: 東映太秦映画村の女優が手古舞のほか江戸芸者等に扮装、関西では、ここだけ？
English: The Jidai Gyoretsu is a pageant or procession in festivals where the participants wear costumes from the Kofun period (tumulus period) through the early Showa period, reproduced after research into each period,
Japanese: 時代行列（じだいぎょうれつ）とは、祭りの中で古墳時代から昭和初期までの時代考証に基づき、各時代の扮装を復元した上で行う行列である。
English: Particularly, the Jidai Gyoretsu often takes place in urban festivals, which were begun in the modern era and in many cases, is intended to promote tourism in the postwar era by focusing on local historical resources.
Japanese: 特に近代以降を発祥とする都市祭礼のなかで見られ、戦後に観光業振興のため地域の歴史的資源が着目されて創始された例が多い。
English: Unlike a traditional festival managed directly by local residents, urban festivals are often initiated by local governments and, since they have few religious characteristics or traditional restrictions, tend to be flamboyant with lots of events in order to attract crowds.
Japanese: 地域住民を主体とする伝統的祭礼と異なり行政主導である事が多く、宗教的側面が薄く伝統的制約が少ないため集客を目的としたさまざまな趣向が凝らされて華やかなイベントとなる傾向にある。
English: Although at times the research into the costumes is quite in-depth, at others it can be considerably inaccurate.
Japanese: 時代考証についてはかなりしっかりしてるところがある一方で、かなりいいかげんなところも見受けられる。
English: Men often wear armor because this period saw the rise of the Taira and Minamoto clans.
Japanese: 平家、そして源氏が台頭した時代、ということから男性は甲冑をまとう場合が多い。
English: As this was the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), men often wear armor and participate in samurai processions.
Japanese: 戦国時代でもあることから男性は武者行列として甲冑をまとう場合が多い。
English: Some women dress as princesses in clothes similar to Heian costumes (though authentic costumes would be short-sleeved kimono and uchikake, a long garment worn over kimono) and others wear armor like the men.
Japanese: 女性は姫役は平安時代と同様(但し本来は小袖に、小袖の打ち掛けとなる)、それ以外は男性同様に武装した姿の場合が多い。
English: Also, lots of women, boys and girls dressed as princesses, koshimoto (chamber maids), townspeople and street performers take part in the festival.
Japanese: 又、姫役、腰元役、町人役、大道芸人役、等の女性や少年少女が登場する場合も多い。
English: Please refer to the Yujo Oiran Dochu (public procession of licensed courtesans), Marumage (rounded hairstyle for married women) and Chigomage (hairstyle for children)
Japanese: 遊女おいらん道中、丸髷丸髷が見られる祭り等、稚児髷稚児髷が見られる祭り等も参照。
English: Shrine maidens, children, traditional Tekomai dancers, local folk song dancers, omikoshi (portable shrines), brass bands, baton twirlers and color guards also often take part in the procession described above.
Japanese: 上記の行列の中に巫女、稚児、手古舞、民謡舞踊、御輿、鼓笛隊、バトンガール、カラーガード等が入る場合も多い。
English: August 15 or 16: Saika SENBOKU Hottanosaku Natsu no Fubutsushi (signature summer event of Hottanosaku) (Daisen City, Heian period)
Japanese: 8月15日または16日彩夏SENBOKU払田柵夏の風物詩（大仙市、平安）
English: 4th Monday of September: Kushi Matsuri (Comb Festival) (Yasui Konpira-gu Shrine (Kyoto City), Kofun-Showa periods, modern apprentice geisha)
Japanese: 9月第4月曜：櫛まつり（安井金比羅宮（京都市）、古墳～昭和、現代舞妓）
English: It was decided that a new kagura should be made for the special festivals that were to be held as part of 'the 2,600th anniversary of Imperial rule' on November 10, 1940, and Tadatomo ONO, head of the Imperial Household Ministry's Music Department, composed the dance and music based on traditional Kuniburi no utamai songs and dances.
Japanese: 1940年（昭和15年）11月10日に開かれる「皇紀皇紀二千六百年奉祝会」に合わせ、全国の神社で奉祝臨時祭を行うに当たり、祭典中に奉奏する神楽を新たに作ることが立案され、当時の宮内省楽部の楽長である多忠朝が国風歌舞を下地に作曲作舞した神楽舞である。
English: Workshops were held nationwide to prepare for the special festivals of the 2,600th anniversary of Imperial rule and instructors were even sent to shrines in overseas territories such as Korea and Taiwan.
Japanese: 皇紀二千六百年奉祝臨時祭に合わせて奉奏する為に日本全国で講習会が開かれ、海外鎮座の神社でも奉奏されるべく朝鮮・台湾などの外地へも講師が派遣された。
English: Since the Meiji period, there had been no official provision for shrine services by women and the establishment of this dance provided them with an opportunity to participate in services
Japanese: 明治以降整備されてきた神社祭祀制度には女性による奉仕に関する規定が無かったが、舞の制定により神社祭祀に女性が奉仕する機会が作られた。
English: Furthermore, conducting nationwide workshops and full-scale performances of the dance contributed to popularizing kagura dances among the shrines.
Japanese: また全国規模の講習会と奉奏の徹底は神社における神楽舞の普及に大きく貢献した。
English: Kagura made in the modern era, including Urayasu no mai, are based on Kuniburi no utamai songs and dances or bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing) and, in a broad sense, can be seen as a continuation of gagaku court music.
Japanese: 尚、浦安の舞などの近代に作られた神楽は国風歌舞や舞楽を下地に創作されたものであり、広義では雅楽の延長線としても考えられる。
English: In a narrow sense, however, they are distinct from gagaku, being specifically created for religious festivals.
Japanese: しかし、神社祭祀に特化した新たな創作神楽であることから、狭義では雅楽と明確に区分される。
English: In particular, Tadatomo ONO, in his composition, emphasized the importance of kagura being based on Japanese mythology for shrine ceremonies.
Japanese: 特に多忠朝は制作に当たって神社祭祀に於ける日本神話に基づく神楽の重要性を主張している。
English: Urayasu no mai is a dance for women performed by shrine maidens as a solo, in pairs or by four people.
Japanese: 浦安の舞は舞姫(曖昧さ回避)（巫女）によって一人舞、二人舞、四人舞で舞われる女舞である。
English: Ura' is an ancient Japanese word meaning mind or heart; 'urayasu' therefore means supposedly 'peace of mind.'
Japanese: ｢うら｣は心を指す古語であり、｢うらやす｣で心中の平穏を表す語であるとされる。
English: The use of 'Urayasu no kuni' as a synonym for Japan is found in other literature, suggesting that the term 'urayasu' in the title of the dance is used to encompass the pacification and appeasement of the Amatsu kami (god of heaven) and Kunitsu kami (gods of the land), as well as peace throughout the land.
Japanese: 他の文献にも日本国の異号として｢浦安国｣とあることから、天津神・国津神の安寧慰撫と国の平穏無事が、題名である｢浦安｣の語に込められている。
English: The drum most often used is the tsuridaiko, a drum that hangs in a frame and is used in gagaku, but standard drums are also acceptable.
Japanese: 太鼓は雅楽用の物（釣太鼓）を用いるのが主とされるが、一般的な太鼓でも差し支えないとされる。
English: The flute used should be a kagura flute; other types of flutes, such as the ryuteki and shinobue, are not suitable as their pitch does not match the music in any way.
Japanese: 使用する笛に関しては神楽笛を用いることが厳重に指導されており、龍笛、篠笛等の笛は用いてはならないとされる（そもそも神楽笛以外の笛は音域が合わず、吹奏に適切ではない）。
English: Music for stringed instruments was originally written for both the six-stringed wagon and the thirteen-stringed gakugoto but since the use of zokuso (common koto) was permitted, the koto has become more popular.
Japanese: 又、弦楽器に関しては当初は和琴・楽箏両方の譜面が用意されたが、俗箏でも構わないとされたことから箏での演奏が普及し、現在に至っている。
English: The costume that was established in 1940 based on twelve-layered ceremonial kimono is regarded as the official costume for Urayasu no mai and is called akome shozoku or honshozoku.
Japanese: 装束は十二単を下地に製作された、昭和15年に制定されたものが正式とされる（あこめ装束又は本装束と呼称する）。
English: The costume consists of hitoe (kimono with no lining), akome (inner wear), omigoromo (ceremonial jacket used for Shinto rites at the Imperial Court), mo (long pleated skirts), and hinohakama/hibakama (scarlet Japanese pants for men), with a symbolic hi-ogi (wooden fan) held by the dancer, which is used in the fan dance.
Japanese: 単、衵（あこめ）、小忌衣（おみごろも）、裳（も）、緋袴で構成され、扇舞で用いる檜扇を採物として手に取る。
English: The blue color of the omigoromo indicates that the dance is specifically performed for ceremonial purposes.
Japanese: 特に青摺の小忌衣を着用する点がこの舞が神祇祭祀に特化されたものであることを物語っている。