nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Sotoku-fu, which was promoting the modernization of Taiwan, established Taipei Electric Works and Kueishan Hydraulic Power Plant in Taipei in 1905, and started the power supply to Keeling the following year.
Japanese: その後台湾の近代化を推進する総督府は官営の発電所として台北電気作業所及び亀山水力発電所を1905年には台北に、翌年には基隆への電力供給を開始している。
English: Subsequently the Xiaotzukeng Power Plant in the Xindian River and the Jhuzihment Power Plant in Meinong Township, Kaohsiung County were constructed in 1909, and the Chiahui Power Plant in the middle of Taiwan in 1911.
Japanese: その後1909年に新店渓の小粗坑発電所、高雄県美濃鎮の竹子門発電所、1911年には台湾中部の后里発電所などが次々と建設された。
English: In 1919, Motojiro AKASHI, then Governor-General of Taiwan, established the Taiwan Power Plant Company by consolidating public and private power plants, planned the construction of larger scale hydraulic power plants and started the research for the construction of Asia's largest power plant.
Japanese: 1919年、台湾総督明石元二郎は各公営・民営発電所による台湾電力株式会社を設立、より大規模な水力発電所の計画を立案し、当時アジア最大の発電所建設のための調査が着手された。
English: As a result, Sun Moon Lake was chosen as the construction site and the construction of the hydraulic power plant, which had a drop of 320 m between Sun Moon Lake and Menpai Lake, started.
Japanese: その結果日月潭が建設予定地に選定され、日月潭と門牌潭に落差320mの水力発電所建設が着工された。
English: For construction, the railroad was laid from Erbashui Station (today Ershuei Station) on the Western Line to the construction site to transport materials.
Japanese: この建設のために西部幹線二八水駅（現・二水駅）より工事作業地区までの鉄道を敷設し物資の輸送を行った。
English: Though the construction was influenced by the economic depression after World War Ⅰ, the First Power Station in Sun Moon Lake was completed in 1934, enabling the power supply to support the foundation for industrialization in Taiwan.
Japanese: 工事は第1次世界大戦後の恐慌の影響を受けるなどあったが、1934年に日月潭第一発電所が完成、台湾の工業化の基礎となる電力供給が実現した。
English: In order to meet the increasing demand for power, construction of the Second Power Plant in Sun Moon Lake and the Wanda Power Plant started in 1935 and 1941, respectively, but construction was suspended while being bombed and damaged by the US air force during the Pacific War.
Japanese: その後増加する電力需要に対応するため、1935年に日月潭第二発電所、1941年には万大発電所の建設が開始されたが、太平洋戦争中のアメリカ軍の空襲にで被害を受け工事が中断した。
English: Shortly after the start of Japanese rule of Taiwan in 1895, opium was banned.
Japanese: 1895年に日本による台湾統治が開始されると当初阿片吸引は禁止された。
English: However, due to the pervasiveness of opium addiction complete prohibition might cause social stability, so the government changed the initial hard line policy to ban opium immediately to a phase-out policy.
Japanese: しかし阿片吸引人口が多く、急進的な禁止政策は社会不安を招くとし、即時禁止政策を漸禁政策へと転換させた。
English: On January 21, 1897, the Sotoku-fu issued the Taiwan Opium Edict mandating a government monopoly of opium trade and prohibiting private sales of opium, and allowed opium addicts to smoke opium for their lifetime by issuing opium smoking permits without producing new permits to eliminate opium over time.
Japanese: 1897年1月21日、総督府により『台湾阿片令』が公布されると、総督府は阿片を専売対象品目とし民間の販売を禁止し、また習慣的な吸引者には一代限定の吸引免許を発行し、新規免許の発行を行わないことで時間をかけた阿片撲滅を図った。
English: The policy proved to be effective because the number of opium addicts in Taiwan was 169,064 (6.3% of the total population) in the 1900 survey and 45,832 (1.3%) in 1921.
Japanese: 1900年の調査では阿片吸引者は169,064名（総人口の6.3%）であったものが、1921年には45,832人（1.3%）とその政策の効果が現れている。
English: In addition, it was financially beneficial to the independence of the Taiwanese economy as the monopoly sales of opium generated a substantial amount of revenue.
Japanese: また財政的にも阿片専売による多額の歳入があり、台湾経済の自立にも寄与する政策であった。
English: In the early years of Japanese occupation of Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu put the improvement of public health in Taiwan as an important policy because the Japanese army suffered from many deaths caused by infectious diseases in war.
Japanese: 日本が台湾に進駐した初期において、日本軍は伝染病などにより多くの戦病死者を出した経験から総督府が台湾の公共衛生改善を重要政策として位置づけた。
English: Initially the Sotoku-fu established public clinics throughout Taiwan and brought in doctors from Japan to halt the spread of infectious diseases.
Japanese: 当初総督府は各地に衛生所を設置し、日本から招聘した医師による伝染病の発生を抑止する政策を採用した。
English: The public health system was dominated primarily by small local clinics rather than large hospitals, which policy was successful in decreasing malaria, plague, and tuberculosis and continued in Taiwan until the 1980s.
Japanese: 大規模病院こそ建設されなかったが、衛生所を中心とする医療体制によりマラリア、結核、ペストを減少させ、この医療体系は1980年代まで継承されていた。
English: As for public health facilities in Taiwan, in addition to the water and sewage system designed by a British engineer William Burdon, many policies were adopted to improve public health, such as the improvement of streets, compulsory cleaning in the autumn, encouragement of ventilation in houses, quarantine of the patients with infectious diseases.
Japanese: 設備方面ではイギリス人ウィリアム・バードンにより台湾の上下水道が設計されたほか、道路改善、秋の強制清掃、家屋の換気奨励、伝染病患者の強制隔離、予防注射の実施など公共衛生改善のための政策が数多く採用された。
English: Activities were developed through school education or policy for improving public health awareness of Taiwanese, resulting in a steady improvement of public health awareness of the public, and a research center for tropical medicine was established attached to the Taihoku Imperial University to educate healthcare professionals and research for the public health improvement.
Japanese: また学校教育や警察機構を通じた台湾人の衛生概念改善行動もあり、一般市民の衛生概念も着実に改善を見ることができ、また台北帝国大学内に熱帯医学研究所を設置し、医療従事者の育成と台湾の衛生改善のための研究が行われていた。
English: The development of mines, construction of railways and improvement of public health, modernization of agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries contributed to a higher living standard of Taiwan as well as an increase of agricultural and industrial production.
Japanese: 鉱山の開発や鉄道の建設、衛生環境の改善や、農林水産業の近代化などで台湾の生活水準は向上し、農工業の生産も増大した。
English: Once the war broke out, the rich food resources in Taiwan became a useful source of supply to Japan and an air base was constructed in Kaohsiung and, with the draft system enforced in Taiwan, Taiwanese were also employed as labor force or soldiers like Japanese.
Japanese: 戦争になると台湾の豊富な食料物資が内地への供給に貢献したほか、高雄市には飛行基地が建設され、徴兵制度が敷かれるなど、日本人と同様に台湾人も兵士や労働力として活躍した。
English: In 1945, the electoral law was amended, enabling the election of Diet members from Taiwan, but it was never realized due to the defeat of the Japan in the war.
Japanese: 1945年には選挙法が改正され、台湾から国会議員が選出される道も開かれたが、敗戦により実現はされなかった。
English: Many Taiwanese were recruited for the management of Manchukuo or negotiations with China.
Japanese: また満州国の経営や中国との折衝で台湾人が登用されるケースも多かった。
English: However, the recruitment of Taiwanese was only for assisting Japanese, and they suffered from discrimination, tangible, and intangible, in many cases.
Japanese: しかし台湾人の登用はあくまで日本人の補助としての存在であり、多くの有形・無形の差別があった。
English: In elementary education, for example, elementary schools for Japanese and local children were clearly segregated.
Japanese: 例えば初等教育においては日本人の通う小学校と、現地人の公学校は明確に区別された。
English: Systematic discrimination existed in the admission to higher educational institutions or for governmental employment and Japanese had a sense of discrimination against Taiwanese, so the government conducted the kominka policy to oblige them to assimilate to Japanese during the war.
Japanese: そして高等教育機関進学や官吏登用では制度的に差別された上、日本人の間には台湾人に対する差別意識も存在しており、それを解消すべく戦時中には皇民化政策により日本人との同化が義務化されるなどの政策が行われた。
English: The management policy of the aborigines in Taiwan so called "riban seisaku" (aboriginal management policy) contributed to the improvement of the educational level among them to some extent, and they were legally given almost the same rights as the Japanese or Chinese people.
Japanese: また、当時理蕃政策と称された台湾原住民に対する統治政策では、原住民の教育水準に一定程度の向上を見ることができ、法的には日本人や中国語系住民とほぼ同等の権利の保障が認められるようになった。
English: This discrimination as well as economic and political gaps caused many armed uprisings to occur against colonial rule by Japan.
Japanese: 更にこうした差別や、経済的・政治的格差に対する反発から、植民地統治に反抗する武力蜂起も数多く起こった。
English: The armed uprisings were all suppressed by the Japanese police or army, and many participants in these uprisings were arrested or killed.
Japanese: こうした武力蜂起は日本警察や軍隊により悉く鎮圧され蜂起に参加した者の多くは逮捕、もしくは殺害された。
English: Especially at the time of Wushe Incident, the largest scale armed uprising under the Japanese rule, the use of poison gas was considered to put it down.
Japanese: 特に、日本統治時代最大規模の武力蜂起である霧社事件の際は、鎮圧への毒ガス使用が検討された。
English: The headhunting of rebelling tribes called shusso (a practice of headhunting which was legally permitted as a part of the riban seisaku) was admitted for the tribes cooperating in the suppression of rebellion.
Japanese: また、蜂起した原住民部族に対する出草（首狩り、理蕃政策の一環として法律で規制されていた風習）が、鎮圧に協力した部族に許可された。
English: Due to this, the population in the Wushe region decreased from 1,400 before the incident to 300 after the incident and the tribe became extinct.
Japanese: このため、事件前に1400人だった霧社地区の人口は、事件後300人にまで減少し、消滅した。
English: The volunteer soldier recruiting system and the army draft system started in 1942 and 1944 respectively, in line with which incidents House of Representative members were selected from Taiwan as well.
Japanese: 1942年には台湾で陸軍特別志願兵制度が始まり、1944年には徴兵制も実施され、それに伴い、台湾からも衆議院を選出できるようになった。
English: Approximately 200,000 Taiwanese soldiers (including civilian military workers) served the Japanese army and approximately 33,000 people of them died or were missing in the war.
Japanese: 約20万人余りの台湾人日本兵（軍属を含む）が日本軍で服務し、約3.3万人が戦死または行方不明となった。
English: However, the Japanese government refused to pay compensation on the basis that there were no diplomatic relations between Japan and Taiwan, and finally paid uniform choikin (condolence money) of two million yen per person in 1987, more than forty years after the end of the war.
Japanese: しかし日本は国交が無いことなどを理由に補償を拒み、戦後40年以上経った1987年に、漸く一律200万円の弔慰金が支払われた。
English: While Japanese soldiers have received a 300,000 yen monthly pension, the Taiwanese soldiers who had renounced Japanese nationality received nothing except for choikin, of which fact some people including Sumei GAOJIN have been criticizing.
Japanese: しかし毎月30万円の遺族年金が支払われている日本人兵士に対し、日本国民を離脱した台湾人兵士にはそれ以上の支払いはなく、批判する声もある（高金素梅など）。
English: The Japanese tended to mention the positive side of the colonial ruling such as establishing the infrastructure, on the other hand, some mentioned the investment that was allegedly done for the benefit of Japanese, not Taiwanese, the exploitation by the privileged Japanese merchants, delayed industrialization as a result of Taiwan being positioned as a source of food or a base for southward advancement.
Japanese: また日本ではインフラ確立など、植民地統治のプラス面が評価されがちだが、それに対し結局は台湾人でなく日本人の利益を第一義に考えての投資、優遇された日本人商人による搾取、日本の食糧庫・南進基地に位置づけられ、工業化が遅れたなどの批判もある。
English: In postwar Taiwan, the Kuomintang Party, which was defeated by communist forces in the Chinese civil war and moved to Taiwan, suppressed the native-born Taiwanese who had been living in Taiwan before the Kuomintang related immigration wave (the White Terror and the 228 incident in 1947 was the largest scale suppression) and developed the military-first policy with the national credo of "counterattack the mainland," and as a result, the development of the infrastructure in Taiwan was put on the back-burner.
Japanese: 台湾では戦後、国共内戦に破れ遷台した中国国民党が、それまで台湾に住む本省人を弾圧（白色テロ、1947年に発生した二・二八事件はその最大規模のものである。）、大陸反攻を国是とし軍事を優先とした政策を実施したため、台湾のインフラ整備は後回しにされた。
English: Some native-born Taiwanese made a mockery of the people from mainland China and affirmed partially and relatively the Japanese ruling, saying, "dogs (annoying but useful = Japanese) left and pigs (which did nothing but eat = mainland Chinese) came" (狗走猪擱來).
Japanese: このため一部の本省人は「犬（煩いかわりに役には立つ）の代わりに豚（食べるばかりで役たたず）が来た」（狗走豬擱來）と大陸からやってきた人間を揶揄し、日本の統治時代を部分的・相対的に肯定した。
English: The history textbook compiled during Teng-hui LEE's tenure titled '認識台湾 (歴史編)' (Perception of Taiwan [History]) treated the history of Taiwan, which had been neglected as regional history, as national history, and focused on the period of Japanese rule, but the Democratic Progress Party government led by Shui-bian CHEN stopped adopting the textbook in the public education.
Japanese: 李登輝の時代に監修された台湾の歴史教科書「認識台湾（歴史編）」では、従来地方史として軽視されていた台湾史を本国史として扱い、特に日本の統治時代を重点的に論じたが、この認識台湾は陳水扁の民進党政権時代に公教育から撤廃された。
English: On the other hand, the Kuomintang Party and the People First Party criticized Teng-hui LEE's evaluation of Japan as quislingism and positioned the period of Japanese rule as one being exploited by Japan.
Japanese: 一方で国民党や親民党は李登輝の日本評価を売国的であると批判し、日本統治時代についても日本による搾取に過ぎなかったと位置付けた。
English: The Democratic Progressive Party is more sympathetic toward Japanese rule but makes it clear that colonialism was not accepted today, so it values the Japanese rule to some extent, but takes a stance to criticize the colonialism based upon which Japan ruled Taiwan.
Japanese: また民主進歩党では日本統治に対して同情的ではあるが、植民地主義は現代において認められないとの立場を表明しており、日本統治を評価しつつも、その根底に存在した植民地主義を批判する立場を取っている。
English: The public evaluation of the Japanese rule is more positive in Taiwan than in Korea, and many people, especially those who grew up under Japanese rule, long for the days of the Japanese rule and value it, and there have been many books carrying such voices too.
Japanese: 日本統治時代の台湾での評価は朝鮮に比べて肯定的であり、特に日本時代に育った層は、その時代を懐かしみ、評価する者も多く、そのような声を載せた著書も数多く出版されている。
English: Established in the Meiji era, the Fuken-kai rules, which set the rules of local assemblies, were the first rules in Japan which specified the establishment of Fuken-kai in prefectures in Japan.
Japanese: 府県会規則（ふけんかいきそく）とは、明治時代に制定された、日本の府県に府県会を置くことをはじめて定めた規則のこと。
English: It was promulgated in the edict of DajokanNo.18 (Grand Council of State) on July 22, 1878, as one of the so-called three new bills related to the local government system.
Japanese: いわゆる地方三新法の一つとして、1878年7月22日に太政官布告第18号により発布された。
English: Before the establishment of the Fuken-kai rules, though there were examples in which some prefectural governors callied for advisory meetings (local assemblies), the local assembly did not exist as a legal system.
Japanese: 府県会規則の制定以前には、一部の府知事、県令が顧問的な会議（地方民会）を招集した例はあっても、法制度上の地方議会は存在しなかった。
English: The Fuken-kai rules are a local system, but it is the starting point for the modern Japan's assembly as well as the election system.
Japanese: 府県会規則は、地方制度ではあるが近代日本の議会の出発点であり、同じく選挙制度の出発点でもある。
English: Fuken-kai could not raise issues within the prefectures as prefectural governors held the right to submit bills.
Japanese: 府県会は府知事・県令に議案提出権を握られ、その府県内の事項を自分から取り上げることができなかった。
English: When enforcing resolutions, permission and approval from the prefectural governor were needed from all aspects.
Japanese: 決議を執行するに際して、あらゆる面で府知事・県令の許可・認可が必要であった。
English: However, when compared with the past, it is significant that a local assembly was launched by election.
Japanese: しかしながら、それ以前と比べるならば、選挙による地方議会が発足したことには意義がある。
English: Article 1 specified that the purpose of Fuken-kai was "to set the expense budget needed, based on local taxes, as well as the method for its collection."
Japanese: 第一条で、「府県会は地方税を以て支弁すべき経費の予算及びその徴収方法を議定する」と府県会の目的を定めた。
English: Qualifications to become a councilor were males who had reached his 25th birthday, who had a registered address in that prefecture, who have lived there for over three years, and who paid a land tax of over 10 yen (Article 13).
Japanese: 議員資格は満25歳以上の男子でその府県に本籍を定め、満三年以上居住し、地租10円以上を納める者である（第13条）。
English: Qualifications to vote were males who had reached his 20th birthday, who had a registered address in that county/ward, and who paid a land tax of over 5 yen (Article 14).
Japanese: 選挙資格は、満20歳以上の男子で、その郡区内に本籍を定め、地租5円以上を納める者である（第14条）。
English: "Those who are insane or idiotic," those who have been sentenced to more than 1 year in prison," those who have been declared bankrupt and have not finished paying for debts were not eligible to vote nor run for election.
Japanese: 「風癲白痴の者」、「懲役一年以上実決の刑に処せられた者」、身代限（破産）の処分を受け負債の弁償を終えていないもの、官吏および教員は、選挙と被選挙の資格を持たなかった（第13条）。
English: As for the term of Fuken-kai, there was an annual ordinary session and an extraordinary session that was held on a temporary basis.
Japanese: 府県会の会期としては、年一回の通常会と、臨時に開く臨時会とがあった（第2条）。
English: Fuken-kai's detailed regulations for proceedings were set by Fuken-kai itself and were approved by the prefectural governor (Article 9), and the chairman and vice-chairman were to be elected by public election from among prefectural councilors and were approved by the prefectural governors.
Japanese: 会の議事細則は府県会自身が定めて府知事・県令が許可し（第9条）、議長と副議長は府県会の議員から公選して府知事・県令が認可する。
English: The agenda specified receipt of financial results (Article 6), budget, local taxes collection (Article 1) as well as issues to be handled with the local taxes (Article 5).
Japanese: 議題には、決算報告の受領（第6条）、予算、地方税徴収（第1条）の他に、地方税によって行なう事柄が定められた（第5条）。
English: Prefectural governors were to follow the decisions made by Fuken-kai regarding issues on local taxes, but if they thought they should not approve the decisions, they reported it to the minister of interior and asked for supervision.
Japanese: 府知事・県令は地方税事項については府県会の議決に従うものとされたが、認可すべきでないと考えた場合には内務卿に報告し指揮を請うた。
English: In addition, Fuken-kai discussed issues which prefectural governors asked for opinions, such as on measures to be taken in the prefecture (Article 8).
Japanese: 府県会は他に、府県内の施策について府知事・県令が意見を問うた事柄についても議する（第8条）。
English: However, councilors were able to propose to the central government, with an agreement from the majority of the session (Article 7).
Japanese: しかし一方、議員の提案で会議の過半数の賛成をもって、中央政府への建議を行なうこともできた（第7条）。
English: The Fuken-kai rules were revised in November 1880 and permanent commissioners were appointed.
Japanese: 明治13年（1880年）11月に、府県会規則は改正され、常置委員をおくことが定められた。
English: As the name suggests, several permanent commissioners, who were active even when Fuken-kai was not opened, were consulted and they were to express opinions.
Japanese: 名の通り府県会が開かれていない時期にも活動する数人の常置委員が、府知事・県令から地方税支弁事項について諮問を受け、意見を述べるものであった。
English: Katatagae or Katachigae is one of the customs based on Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) performed from the Heian period (794-1185).
Japanese: 方違え（かたたがえ、かたちがえ）とは、陰陽道に基づいて平安時代以降に行われていた風習のひとつ。
English: It was customary that people read an auspicious or inauspicious direction related to the direction in which they went out, constructed houses, administered affairs in the imperial court, and started wars, and when they found the direction inauspicious, they relocated themselves to avoid that direction by once traveling to another place.
Japanese: 外出や造作、宮中の政、戦の開始などの際、その方角の吉凶を占い、その方角が悪いといったん別の方向に出かけ、目的地の方角が悪い方角にならないようにした。
English: In case that when they left or came home, a specific Hoi-jin God (directional gods believed to govern people's fortune, both good and bad, descending from heaven on a certain day, travelling from one direction to another in a prescribed order, and returning to their celestial abode) presided over the direction of their destination, people stayed overnight at another site and the next day they would go to the destination from a different direction in order to avoid the tabooed direction.
Japanese: 外出または帰宅の際、目的地に特定の方位神がいる場合に、いったん別の方角へ行って一夜を明かし、翌日違う方角から目的地へ向かって禁忌の方角を避けた。
English: For example, just consider the case that when people came home from their office, their home was located in the west, where Tenichi-jin God, for whom people should practice Katatagae, existed.
Japanese: 例えば、仕事先から西の方にある自宅へ帰ろうとしたら、西の方角に方違えの対象となる天一神が在していたとする。
English: Therefore, if they stayed overnight at their acquaintance's house located in, say, the southwest, and the next day they would come home from that place, they traveled to the southwest and northwest, so that they were able to avoid going to the west.
Japanese: そこで、いったん他の方角、例えば南西の方角にある知人の家で一夜を明かして翌朝家に帰ることにすれば、移動は南西方向と北西方向になって、西への移動を避けることができる。
English: Also, in building a new house, if the construction site was located in the tabooed direction from the center of the house they lived, they stayed in another place to change the direction of the site before starting the construction.
Japanese: また、造作を行う際、その工事場所が家の中心から見て禁忌の方角に当たる場合に、いったん他所で宿泊して忌を移してから工事を行った。
English: This practice of Katatagae for Tenichi-jin God, who remained in one direction for a few days, was easy, but there was sometimes the case where Kon-jin God presided over one direction for a year, in which people planned to build a house.
Japanese: しかし、天一神のように数日で移動する方位神ならば良いが、同じ方角に1年間在する金神などが工事をしたい方角にいる場合もある。
English: In such case, if people stayed overnight at another place on the first day of spring in the construction year and would come home the next day, they were exempted from further practice of Katatagae for a while.
Japanese: その場合には、その年の立春にいったん方違えになる方角に移動して一晩明かし、翌日自宅に戻れば当分は方違えしなくても良いとされた。
English: Tenichi-jin God (also called Tenitsu-jin God, or Naka-gami God) was believed to preside over a direction for five days.
Japanese: 天一神（てんいちじん、てんいつじん、なかがみ）：同じ方角に5日留まる
English: Daishogun (Hoi-jin God) was believed to preside over a direction for three years, but occasionally travel to another direction for five days.
Japanese: 大将軍(方位神)（だいしょうぐん）：3年間同じ方角に留まるが、5日単位で遊行する
English: As for Tenichi-jin God, it was inconvenient that people should practice Katatagae for five days when Tenichi-jin God was located in a direction of their office or home.
Japanese: 天一神については、5日間同じ方角が塞がるので、その方向が職場と自宅間などに該当していると不便である。
English: In fact, if people practiced Katatagae on the first day when Tenichi-jin God moved to that direction, it was considered safe for them to travel in any direction even while Tenchi-jin God stayed in the direction for five days.
Japanese: そこで、実際には天一神がその方角へ遊行する最初の日に方違えをすれば、その方角にいる5日間は問題ないとされた。
English: As for the practice of Katatagae for the Hoi-jin Gods who presided over one direction for a long period (such as Daishogun, Kon-jin God, O and So Gods), it was considered to be ineffective to avoid the taboo if people practiced only one Katatagae on the first day when the Hoi-jin gods moved from one direction to another, so that during that period, they needed to practice Katatagae several times according to the following rules.
Japanese: 同一方角に長期間在する神（大将軍・金神・王相）については、遊行の最初の日に1回方違えしただけでは有効とは言えないとして、その期間中、以下のような規則で何度も方違えをする必要があった。
English: The practice of Katatagae for the case of travelling to or from one's home should be done more strictly than that of travelling to or from other places.
Japanese: 出先から出先への移動よりも、自宅が絡む場合はより念入りに方違えをする必要があった。
English: In other words, the idea was that if the practice of Katatagae for travelling to one place to another except one's home should be more lightly treated than that of involving one's home, it was convenient to assume that a place which, in fact, was not one's home, would be 'one's home'.
Japanese: つまり、自宅より出先の方が軽くて済むのであれば、本来の自宅以外の場所を「自宅」ということにすれば良いという考えである。
English: On the previous evening of each Hoi-jin God's travel to the direction, one declared a place, which was not one's home nor located in a tabooed direction, was 'one's home' to the God and stayed there overnight.
Japanese: 各神の遊行する日の前日の夕方に、自宅以外の方角的に問題のない場所へ移動してそこで一晩過ごし、そこが「自宅」であると方位神に対して宣言するのである。
English: Doing so circumvented the need to practice Katatagae once per 45 days or 15 days.
Japanese: こうすることで、方違えを45日または15日に1回行うだけで済むようにした。
English: The places which nobles at that time usually used to declare as 'their home' were temples.
Japanese: 「自宅」と宣言するために一夜を明かすのに貴族が使ったのは、一般に寺院が多かった。
English: As a result, when this way of Katatagae became popular during the late Heian period, temples in Kyoto became more and more majestic.
Japanese: そのため、平安時代の後期にこの方式の方違えが流行するようになると、京都のお寺はどんどん立派になっていった。
English: Therefore, many nobles were seen to travel from one direction to another here and there in Kyoto on the Vernal Equinox Day and then every fifteen days (that is, 24 divisions of the old calendar).
Japanese: そのため、春分とそこから15日単位の日（すなわち二十四節気）には京都のあちこちで貴族の大移動が見られた。
English: This is the shrine where priests pray for 'protection from unlucky or taboo directions' to avoid those evil things when moving one's residence or leaving on journeys.
Japanese: ここは、引越し、旅行など移動に際して、災いが起こらないように「方角除け」の御祈祷を行う神社である。
English: They pray not only for persons, but also vehicles and private cars, so that many people constantly visit to this shrine from a distance.
Japanese: 人だけでなく、乗り物、自家用車についての御祓いをしてくれ、遠方からもお参りする人が絶えない。
English: In today's Japanese, muhon means a rebellion raised by a vassal against his lord.
Japanese: 謀叛（むほん）とは、現代の日本語では、家臣が主君に対して企てる反乱のことである。