nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After he succeeded to the position of chief priest, he made the exploration continue and conducted three excavations and research projects until 1914.
Japanese: 門主継職後も探検を続行させ、1914年まで計3回にわたる発掘調査等が実施された。
English: As a chief priest, he tried hard to modernize his religious organization and sent many missionaries on campaigns during the Japanese-Russo War.
Japanese: 門主としては教団の近代化に努め、日露戦争には多数の従軍布教使を派遣。
English: When he met Sun Yat-sen in 1913, he was appointed to the supreme adviser of the Republic of China led by Sun Yat-sen.
Japanese: また1913年に孫文と会見したのを機に、孫文が率いていた中華民国政府の最高顧問に就任した。
English: In 1908, he built Nirakuso which was designed by his friend Chuta ITO in Okamoto Station, at the base of Mt. Rokko in Kobe City (Hyogo Prefecture) (Higashinada Ward), and there, he set up a school for special education for gifted children (currently, the department of science in Konan University), the experiment station for horticulture, the meteorological station, the printing house and so on as well as exhibited the collections from his explorations and arranged them.
Japanese: 1908年、神戸市六甲山麓岡本駅(兵庫県)（東灘区）に盟友伊東忠太の設計になる二楽荘を建て、探検収集品の公開展示・整理の他、英才教育のための学校（現在は甲南大学理学部）、園芸試験場、測候所、印刷所などを設置。
English: In 1914 he resigned the chief priest and retired in Dalian City, in order to sort out the huge amount of debt the OTANI family had and the bribery scandal of his religious organization.
Japanese: 1914年、大谷家が抱えていた巨額の負債整理、および教団の疑獄事件のため門主を辞任し、大連市に隠退した。
English: Today, these collections have been scattered and Nirakuso was also burnt down by fire in 1932.
Japanese: 現在、これらのコレクションは散逸し、二楽荘も1932年に火災で焼失した。
English: After his retirement, he continued cultural activities and in 1919, established Kojukai in order to translate the original text of Buddhist scriptures described in Bonji (Siddham script), and in 1921, he opened Sakushin shoin (a school) in Shanghai City to bring up talented people, who would lead the next generation.
Japanese: 隠退後も文化活動を続け、1919年には光寿会を設立して仏典原典（梵字で記述）の翻訳にあたり、1921年には上海市に次代を担う人材育成のために策進書院を開校した。
English: During the Pacific War, he served as a councilor in the Fumimaro KONOE Cabinet, and the adviser in the collaborative cabinet of Kuniaki KOISO and Mitsumasa YONAI.
Japanese: 太平洋戦争中は近衞文麿内閣で参議、小磯國昭・米内光政協力内閣で顧問をつとめた。
English: The present Suma Rikyu Park is one of them, and in 1907, it was bought by the Imperial Household Ministry; Nirakuso in Okamoto was built as the alternative site.
Japanese: 現在の須磨離宮公園はその1つで、1907年に宮内省に買い取られたものでありその代替地として岡本の二楽荘が成った。
English: In Beppu where he spent his final years, he agreed with the mayor Tetsuichi WAKI who, in those days, aimed for the construction of a city of international tourism and pleaded the government to enact special legislation ("Act on Construction of Beppu as City of International Tourism and Hot Springs Culture" was enacted in 1950).
Japanese: 晩年の地・別府では、当時国際観光都市建設を目指し、政府に特別立法（1950年「別府国際観光温泉文化都市建設法」として制定）を働きかけていた市長・脇鉄一に賛同。
English: In the novel "Teito Monogatari" (The tale of the Imperial Capital) by Hiroshi ARAMATA, he is supposed to plan killing the war leaders in the USA, the UK and Soviet Union through curses.
Japanese: 荒俣宏の小説・帝都物語では、加持祈祷による米英ソの戦争指導者の呪殺を画策する事になっている。
English: Surely it is a fiction and different from the facts and in the creed of Jodo Shinshu, incantation and prayer are denied, the descriptions in the novel are contrary to this.
Japanese: もちろん事実と異なる創作ではあるものの、浄土真宗の教義では加持祈祷を否定しており、作中の描写はそれに反するものである。
English: In the film version of Teito Monogatari and Teito Taisen, he is changed to the fictional character called Kanamikoho.
Japanese: 映画版の帝都物語帝都大戦では、観阿弥光凰なる架空の人物に置き換えられている。
English: Shoshin Nenbutsuge' is a Gemon (poetic writing in Buddhism, usually honoring its principles and Buddha) included at the end of 'Gyo no maki' in "Ken jodo shinjitsu kyogyosho monrui" (Selected passages revealing the true teaching, practice and attainment of the Pure Land), written by Shinran.
Japanese: 「正信念仏偈（しょうしんねんぶつげ）〈正信念佛偈〉」は、親鸞の著書『顕浄土真実教行証文類』の「行巻」の末尾に所収の偈文。
English: Along with "Sanjo-wasan," which was also written by Shinran, it was established by Rennyo, the eighth chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, to be read in the morning and evening as a devotional exercise for priests and common people, as is still done in the present day.
Japanese: 同じ親鸞撰述の『三帖和讃』とともに、本願寺第8世蓮如によって、僧俗の間で朝暮の勤行として読誦するよう制定され、現在も行われている。
English: The first half, which follows two phrases of 'Sosan,' is called 'Ekyodan' and states that the direct reason to be sent to the Pure Land is by people's faith; and that nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) is Hoongyo (act for repayment of kindness), which is defined based on "Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo Sutra," and praises it.
Japanese: 「総讃」の２句に続く前半は、「依教段」と言われ『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』に依って明らかにされている、浄土往生の正因は信心であり、念仏は報恩行であることを説明し讃嘆している。
English: The latter half, called 'Eshakudan,' praises seven high priests of India, China, and Japan who properly propagated the teaching mentioned above.
Japanese: 後半の部分は「依釈段」と言われ、インド・中華人民共和国・日本でこの教えを正しく伝えた七高僧の業績・徳を讃嘆している。
English: Later, the term was converted to refer to Buddhist events in general, ceremonial festivals such as a memorial service (a Buddhist service), a Buddhist service (a Buddhist service for the dead), hoe (Buddhist mass) and so on.
Japanese: その後、上記の用語が転用され、法事・仏事・法会などの儀式祭礼などの仏教行事一般のことをいうようになった。
English: In Japan, it gradually started to refer to kuyo (tsuizen kuyo: a memorial service for the repose of someone's soul), and later, it came to refer to a ceremony to mourn for the dead in general.
Japanese: 日本では、しだいに供養（追善供養）のことを指すようになり、その後一般的に死者を弔う儀式をさすようになった。
English: Except for the ceremony to mourn for the dead, it includes celebratory occasions such as the anniversary of the founding of temples, rakkei (the celebration of the completion of a temple) (an anniversary event for the new temple building), the consecration ceremony for a statue of Buddha and so on.
Japanese: また死者を弔う儀式以外に、寺の創立記念や落慶（新しい堂宇の完成記念）や仏像の開眼などの慶事も含む。
English: Yamabushi is a practitioner of Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism/shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) who earnestly walks in the mountains as an ascetic practice.
Japanese: 山伏（やまぶし）とは、山の中をひたすら歩き、修行をする修験道の行者。
English: The basic objective is to earn the natural spiritual power of the mountains by practicing severe hardships such as Toha (Toso) (running throughout the mountains) and Zange (confession) in deep sacred mountains, such as Mt. Daisen (Tottori Prefecture) and Haguro-yama (Yamagata Prefecture).
Japanese: 基本的に霊山と呼ばれる大山(鳥取県)や羽黒山(山形県)などの奥深い山中で、踏破（抖擻）や懺悔などの厳しい艱難苦行を行なって、山岳が持つ自然の霊力を身に付ける事を目的とする。
English: The practitioner wears a polygonal hat-like object called a Tokin on his head, and holds a metallic cane called a Shakujo in his hands.
Japanese: 頭に頭巾（ときん）と呼ばれる多角形の小さな帽子のような物を付け、手には錫杖（しゃくじょう）と呼ばれる金属製の杖を持つ。
English: They carry instruments made from conch shell for communicating with each other in the mountains, and they carry Japanese swords for protection.
Japanese: 山中での互いの連絡や合図のために、ホラガイを加工した楽器や護身用に刀を持つ。
English: The 16 tools of Shugen represent the only world, Jikkai (the Ten Realms), Fudo Myoo (Acala, one of the Five Wisdom Kings), the mother's womb and so on.
Japanese: 山伏独特の修験十六道具は、それぞれ不二の世界、十界、不動明王、母胎などを象徴する。
English: By putting on these tools and conducting ascetic practices, Shugenja can earn the natural power.
Japanese: これらを身にまとい行を修めることにより、修験者はその力を身につけることができるのである。
English: The above is the list of tools, which refers to items 1 through 12 as the 12 Yamabushi tools and items 1 through 16 as the 16 Yamabushi tools.
Japanese: 上がその一覧であるが、1.から12.を山伏十二道具、1.から16.までを山伏十六道具という。
English: In Haguro-yama (Yamagata Prefecture), an applicant can wear a white costume and enter the mountain to experience Yamabushi's ascetic practices such as fasting, Takiuchi (standing under a waterfall), walking over fire, 床堅 (Zen sitting meditation), Ninku no Gyo (Nanban Ibushi, or being smoked), and so on, in September of every year.
Japanese: 羽黒山(山形県)では毎年9月、希望者が白装束を着て入峰し、断食、滝打ち、火渡り、床堅（座禅）、忍苦の行（南蛮いぶし）などの活動を通して山伏修行を体験できる。
English: Joyano kane means striking a bronze bell (temple bell) around 12:00 am on New Year's Eve (December 31).
Japanese: 除夜の鐘（じょやのかね）とは12月31日の除夜（大晦日の夜）の深夜0時を挟んで寺院で撞かれる梵鐘のことである。
English: The number, one hundred and eight, represents human Bonno (earthly desires); each of rokkon (the six senses), which are eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, mind, has three types of senses, Ko (sense to feel good), Aku (sense to feel bad), Hei (sense to feel indifferent), thus producing eighteen kinds of senses in total; then each of the eighteen senses has two types of feeling, Jo (pure) and Sen (dirty), making thirty six types; these thirty six types are multiplied by three, representing the previous life, the current life and future life, to make one hundred and eight.
Japanese: 眼（げん）・耳（に）・鼻（び）・舌（ぜつ）・身（しん）・意（い）の六根のそれぞれに好（こう：気持ちが好い）・悪（あく：気持ちが悪い）・平（へい：どうでもよい）があって18類、この18類それぞれに浄（じょう）・染（せん：きたない）の2類があって36類、この36類を前世・今世・来世の三世に配当して108となり、人間の煩悩の数を表す。
English: Twelve, which is the number of months (calendar), added by twenty-four, which comes from Nijushi sekki (days that divide a year in the old lunar calendar into twenty-four equal sections), and by seventy-two, which comes from Shichijuni-ko (72 divisions of the solar year), makes one hundred and eight and represents one year.
Japanese: 月(暦)の数の12、二十四節気の数の24、七十二候の数の72を足した数が108となり、1年間を表す。
English: Another theory says that 108 means to get rid of Shikuhakku (hardship): in Japanese, four, nine, eight is pronounced 'shi', 'ku', 'ha(tchi)', respectively, and 4X9+8X9 could be pronounced Shikuhakku and 4X9+8X9 is equal to 108.
Japanese: 四苦八苦を取り払うということで、4×9+8×9108をかけたとも言われている。
English: One hundred and seven should be struck in the old year (on December 31) and the last strike should be made in the New Year (on January 1).
Japanese: 108回のうち107回は旧年（12月31日）のうちに撞き、残りの1回を新年（1月1日）に撞く。
English: Normally a bell in a temple should be struck 108 times not only on the New Year's Eve but also every day, in the morning and in the evening.
Japanese: 本来は108回の鐘は除夜だけでなく毎日、朝夕に撞かれるべきものである。
English: Komuso were monks of the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism who did not shave their heads in the traditional monk fashion and, co-existed as monks in the day to day lay world.
Japanese: 虚無僧（こむそう）とは禅宗の一派である普化宗の僧であり、剃髪しない半僧半俗の存在である。
English: The Fuke sect originated from Fuke of China (Tung), in Japan it started when monk of Rinzai Sect of Buddhism, Kakushin SHINCHI went to China and received favor from San CHO, Buddhist law of the Fuke sect of 竹管吹簫, he took four Kyoshi (Buddhist layman) San CHO disciples such as 'Hofuku,' and then returned to Japan in 1254 and established Fukean of Kokoku-ji Temple which belonged to Yura KI, and let them live in the temple.
Japanese: 普化宗は中国（唐）の普化を祖とし、日本には臨済宗の僧・心地覚心が中国に渡り、普化の法系の張参に竹管吹簫の奥義を受け、張参の弟子「宝伏」ら4人の居士を伴い、1254年（建長6年）に帰国し紀伊由良の興国寺に普化庵を設けて住まわせたことに始まる。
English: In the old days they were often called "Komoso," the name originating from monks wearing Komo around their hip while they meditate and sleep.'
Japanese: 「古くは、『こもそう（薦僧）』ということが多く、もと坐臥用のこもを腰に巻いていたところからという。」
English: A Komuso was considered to be an itinerant priest who 'traveled around the provinces while collecting alms by playing the Shakuhachi (bamboo flute) and, did not have a shaved head.'
Japanese: 虚無僧の様相については、「尺八を吹き喜捨を請いながら諸国を行脚修行した有髪の僧」とされている。
English: Also, it was said 'in many cases they wore a short sleeved Kesa (shawl-like robe worn by Japanese monks) over the shoulders, wore a Fukaamigasa (open weave basket-like hat that obscured the face) and bore a sword.'
Japanese: また、「多く小袖に袈裟を掛け、深編笠をかぶり刀を帯した。」とされる。
English: When soliciting alms, Komuso monks wore plain indigo blue or grey clothing which was secured by a men's obi (sash) tied in the front and a bag containing a spare Shakuhachi (bamboo flute) was worn at the hip.
Japanese: 托鉢の際には藍色または鼠色の無紋の服に、男帯をまえに結び、腰に袋にいれた予備の尺八をつける。
English: A bag was worn around the neck, Kesa draped over the shoulders while, a Fukaamigasa that was also called a 'tengai' was worn on the head.
Japanese: 首には袋を、背中には袈裟を掛け、頭には「天蓋」と呼ばれる深編笠をかぶる。
English: By the way, the box called 'Meian' (bright and dark), which is often seen in the period drama on TV and seemed like a special Buddhist word, actually does not have any special meaning and it can just mean 'I am from Myoan-ji Temple.'
Japanese: なお、よく時代劇で用いられる「明暗」と書かれた箱は、仏教用語のように見えるが、特に意味はなく、「私は明暗寺（みょうあんじ）の者である」という程度のものである。
English: According to a 1614 feudal law (okitegaki) pertaining to Komuso itinerant priests that was approved and advocated by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the Komuso were permitted to travel around Japan as part of their sect's martial training and to gain knowledge.
Japanese: 1614年（慶長19年）の虚無僧掟書により武者修行の宗門と心得て全国を自由に往来することが徳川家康により許されたと主張している。
English: As a result, from the middle of the Edo period onwards, gangs of louts living the high-life whilst posing as Komuso became rampant so, the shogunate placed restrictions on the Komuso.
Japanese: このことから、江戸時代中期以降には、遊蕩無頼の徒が虚無僧姿になって横行するようになり、幕府は虚無僧を規制するようになった。
English: In 1871, the Department of State of the Meiji administration issued ordinances which abolished the Fuke Sect which had been a close cohort of the Shogunate.
Japanese: 1871年（明治4年）、明治政府は幕府との関係が深い普化宗を廃止する太政官布告を出した。
English: Komuso pilgrimages were revived in 1888 with the establishment of the Meian Association and Meian-ji Temple which was formerly Zennein, a sub-temple of Tofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto.
Japanese: 1888年（明治21年）に京都東福寺の塔頭の一つ善慧院を明暗寺として明暗協会が設立されて虚無僧行脚が復活した。
English: Gien (1155 - April 25, 1181) was a priest at the end of the Heian period and the eighth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo.
Japanese: 義円（ぎえん、久寿2年（1155年）-治承5年3月10日(旧暦)（1181年4月25日））は平安時代末期の僧で、源義朝の八男。
English: Initially, he became a priest at Enjo-ji Temple and was called Kyonokimi Ensei, and served as a bokan (a priest who served the Monzeki families) for Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene, Prince of Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: 初め園城寺にて出家し卿公（きょうのきみ）円成といい、後白河天皇皇子である円恵法親王の坊官を務めていた。
English: He is believed to have been called 'Kyonokimi' in relation with his father-in-law, Naganari ICHIJO, to whom his mother remarried, and it seems that he served Ene through his father-in-law's connections.
Japanese: 「卿公」は母が再婚した養父の一条長成にちなむ命名と考えられるので、養父の縁故によって円恵に仕えたと見られる。
English: When his older paternal half-brother, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, rose up in arms to overthrow the Taira family, he joined under that command and changed his name to Gien.
Japanese: 異母兄・源頼朝が打倒平家の兵を挙げるとその指揮下に合流し、義円と改名する。
English: Further, there is a view that Gien didn't go to Yoritomo's location but directly entered Owari and rose up in arms on his own.
Japanese: なお、義円は頼朝の元には出向かず直接尾張に入り、独自に挙兵したのではないのかという見方もある。
English: In 1181, when his uncle, MINAMOTO no Yukiie, rose up in arms at Owari, he joined their camp as reinforcement under the orders of Yoritomo.
Japanese: 治承5年（1181年）、叔父源行家が尾張で挙兵すると、頼朝の命により援軍としてその陣に参加。
English: His remaining son, Yoshinari, came to possess Echinosho (the present-day Aichi-gun, Aichi Prefecture) and thus became an ancestor of the Aichi clan.
Japanese: 遺児である義成は愛智荘（現愛知県愛知郡）を領し、愛智氏の祖となった。
English: Also, the tomb of Gien is located in a field of Kamijuku, Sunomata-cho, Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture, and has been selected as an important cultural property of the former Sunomata-cho Town.
Japanese: また、義円の墓は、岐阜県大垣市墨俣町上宿の田畑の中にあり、旧墨俣町の文化財に指定されている。
English: Nearby is 'Gien Koen' (Gien Park), which contains the 'monument of the Battle of Sunomatagawa,' 'Gien Jizo,' and the 'memorial tower of MINAMOTO no Gien.'
Japanese: すぐ近くには「義円公園」があり、中には「墨俣川の戦いの碑」や「義円地蔵」、「源義円供養塔」などがある。
English: Jikaku was the hierarchy of a Buddhist temple used to classify its status based on its economic and social standing.
Japanese: 寺格（じかく）は、経済的もしくは身分的に区分された寺院の等級を設けて、格式を区別すること。
English: Temples are differentiated depending upon the temple's lineage and when it was founded etc: rights and interests of assets such as fuko (a vassal household allotted to a courtier), rice tributes, temple lands, manor property holdings; handling of appointment of Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple), stewards or chief priest's role, prayer methods, dress etc.
Japanese: その寺院の創建などの由緒によって、封戸、出挙イネ、寺田、荘園所有等の権益、三綱（僧の官位）・別当あるいは住持職の任免、修法の方法、服装等の待遇などで区別を行う。
English: When a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of the Imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) was founded in the Heian Period, new Jikaku were established such as miya-monzeki (temples headed by the Imperial princes), sekke-monzeki (the priest clan eligible for regents), jun-monzeki (temple rank which is next to monzeki, a temple whose head priest is a member of the Imperial family) and waki-monzeki (subordinating temple to legitimate the temple).
Japanese: 平安期に門跡寺院が生じると、宮門跡、摂家門跡、准門跡、脇門跡などの寺格が生じた。
English: During the latter part of the Kamakura shogunate, the authorities set up a system of grading temples and accordingly, decided the Rinzai sect's five most important temples called 'Gozan.'
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府後期に鎌倉幕府によって臨済宗の主な5つの寺院を選んだ「五山」の寺格ができた。
English: The Muromachi shogunate further segmentized the Rinzai Sect temples into gozan, jissatsu (ten important temples of the Rinzai sect), shozan (zen temples other than gozan and jissatsu) and rinka (lowest ranked zen temples.
Japanese: それに続く室町幕府では、それを発展させ臨済宗寺院を五山・十刹・諸山・林下に区分した。
English: As such Jikaku started to be used for the hierarchy and status of temples within various other sects.
Japanese: このことから、その他の諸宗派内部の序列、格式としての寺格が成立した。
English: Jiryo (temple estate holdings) criteria was used as follows: shuin dera (shogunate authorized) temples, kokuin dera (daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) temples authorized) by differentiated by territory; shie dera (its priests allowed to wear shie (priest's purple garb) temples or koe dera (its priests allowed to wear koe (priest's light brown garb) temples by color of robes; dokureiji (temples allowed to see Emperor or Shogun exclusively) temples performing more unique ceremonies.
Japanese: 寺領による朱印寺、黒印寺、僧衣の色による紫衣寺、香衣寺、儀式典礼による独礼寺などの区別があった。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, Jikaku was realigned and simplified as it lost its official backing.
Japanese: 明治維新以後、公的な後ろ盾がなくなったことから、それらは整理されて単純化された。
English: Yamabushi Shinko is a belief from the ancient times in Japan, regarding divine spirits that live in the mountains.
Japanese: 山伏信仰（やまぶししんこう）とは、古来から日本では山に神霊が宿ると見なして信仰すること。
English: It is believed that if ascetic practices are performed deep in the mountains, supernatural power (genriki) is earned.
Japanese: 奥深い山中で修行すると超自然的な力（験力）が得られると信じられている。
English: Haibutsu-kishaku (廃仏毀釈 in Chinese characters) means a movement to destroy Buddhist temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures as well as to abolish the privileges entitled to Buddhist priests/nuns.
Japanese: 廃仏毀釈（はいぶつきしゃく、廢佛毀釋）とは仏教寺院・仏像・経巻を破毀し僧尼など出家者が受けていた特権を廃するなどを指す。
English: In general, 'Haibutsu-kishaku' means the destruction of Buddhist facilities caused by the policies of Shinto kokkyo (establishing Shinto as a state religion) and Saisei icchi (uniting Shinto and politics) including 'Shinbutsu Bunrirei' (Ordinance distinguishing Shinto and Buddhism), an edict of Dajokan (the Grand Council of State) dated on April 5, 1868 as well as 'Taikyo Senbu' (Establishment of Shinto), an Imperial edict dated February 3, 1870, which the new Japanese government established after the Meiji Restoration issued.
Japanese: 一般に「廃仏毀釈」と言えば、日本において明治維新後に成立した新政府が慶応4年3月13日(旧暦)（1868年4月5日）に発した太政官布告「神仏分離令」、明治3年1月3日(旧暦)（1870年2月3日）に出された詔書「大教宣布」など神道国教・祭政一致の政策によって引き起こされた仏教施設の破壊などを指す。
English: Although neither Shinbutsu Bunrirei nor Taikyo Senbu aimed boycotting Buddhism, both of them eventually gave rise to a civil movement called the Haibutsu-kishaku Movement (the Movement of Haibutsu).
Japanese: 神仏分離令や大教宣布は決して仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが、結果として廃仏毀釈運動（廃仏運動）とも呼ばれる民間の運動を引き起こしてしまった。
English: Under this movement, syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism was abolished, use of Buddhist statues for shintai (an object for worship housed in Shinto shrines) was prohibited and other Buddhism-like elements were dispelled from shrines.
Japanese: 神仏習合の廃止、神体に仏像の使用禁止、神社から仏教的要素の払拭などが行われた。
English: Because various actions were taken hastily, including the decision of enshrined deities, the elimination of temples, Buddist priests' conversion to Shinto priests, the destruction of Buddhist statues and Buddhist tools, the prohibition of Buddhist rites and the compulsion of citizens' conversion to Shinto, the society became chaotic.
Japanese: 祭神の決定、寺院の廃合、僧侶の神職への転向、仏像・仏具の取り壊し、仏事の禁止、民間への神道強制などを急激に実施したために大混乱となった。
English: Although the storm of that movement calmed down around 1871, it took long to retrieve the normal system.
Japanese: 明治4年（1871年）ごろ嵐が収まったが、長い間回復は困難であった。
English: For example, Mt. Nokogiri (Chiba Prefecture) used to have five hundred statues of arhats (Gohyakurakan zo) but all of them were destroyed.
Japanese: 例えば千葉県の鋸山(千葉県)には五百羅漢像があるが、すべての仏像が破壊された。
English: In addition, graves of the peerages', including dukes' and marquises', were also forced to change from Buddhism-style to Shinto-style.
Japanese: また、公爵や侯爵などの華族の墓地も仏教方式から神道方式へと強制的に変更させられた。
English: Under the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule, the Meiji Government intended to pursue theocracy and use Shinto as its base.
Japanese: 王政復古の大号令のもとに明治政府は神政政治を目指し、神道を国家統合の基幹にしようと意図した。
English: With the help of some scholars of Japanese classical literature who would take initiatives, the government led people to deprive the Buddhist force, which had significantly affected them until that time, of their properties and status, and to weaken the Buddhist influence.
Japanese: 一部の国学者主導のもと仏法は外来の宗教であるとしてそれまで大きな勢力を持つ仏教勢力の財産や地位を剥奪し、弱体化するように誘導した。
English: Although Buddhist priests' meat-eating and marriage had been banned until the end of the Edo period based on the Act for Temples, the Meiji Government declared 'monks are free to eat meat and marry' and tried to make them depraved by violating the precepts of Buddhism
Japanese: 江戸時代までは寺院法度によって禁止されていた僧侶の肉食・妻帯を明治政府は「肉食妻帯勝手なるべし」と号令し、戒律を犯させることで僧侶を破戒させようとした。
English: Shrine priests, who had been subordinated to Buddhist priests, under the shelter of Government, started the 'Haibutsu-kishaku' movement, which was to thoroughly deny and destroy Buddhism.
Japanese: また僧侶の下に置かれていた神官は政府の威をかりて仏教の全てを否定し破壊する「廃仏毀釈」運動を起こした。
English: Some Buddhist priests became Shinto priests or soldiers and some sold off temples' land and/or treasures and ran away.
Japanese: また僧侶のなかには神官や兵士となるものや寺院の土地や宝物を売り逃げていくものもいた。
English: The five-storied pagoda of Kofuku-ji Temple, which is currently designated as a national treasure, was to be sold off at only two yen (equivalent to about 50,000 yen in 2006 value) when it encountered the religious persecution of Haibutsu-kishaku.
Japanese: 現在は国宝に指定されている興福寺の五重塔は、明治の廃仏毀釈の法難に遭い、わずか2円（2006年現在の価値で約5万円）で売りに出され薪にされようとしていた。
English: Uchiyama Eikyu-ji Temple, which is said to have been a big temple and had its magnificent Garan (ensemble of temple building), was completely destroyed and no trace of it can be found
Japanese: 大寺として非常に広壮な伽藍を誇っていたと伝えられる内山永久寺に至っては徹底的に破壊しつくされ、その痕跡すら残っていない。
English: In the Satsuma Domain, where the Haibutsu-kishaku movement was thoroughly conducted, as many as 1616 temples were destroyed and as many as 2966 Buddhist priests returned to secular life, quitting the priesthood.
Japanese: 廃仏毀釈が徹底的に行われた薩摩藩では寺院1616寺が廃寺され、還俗した僧侶は2966人にのぼった。
English: Since one-third of the former priests later became civilian employees of the army, it is sometimes said that confiscated properties and personnel from temples' estate were used for the purpose of strengthening the military.
Japanese: その内の3分の1はその後軍属となったため、寺領から没収された財産や人員が強兵にまわされたと言われることもある。
English: Ordinary people had a strong antipathy against temples because the system of supervising people through Buddhist priests was enshrined into law in the Edo period by the Terauke system (compulsory temple registration of individuals) enforced by Jisha-bugyo (magistrates of temples and shrines) and because such a system had become a hotbed of corruption.
Japanese: また、江戸時代の寺社奉行による寺請制度で僧侶を通じた民衆管理が法制化されており、これが汚職の温床となったため、それに対する民衆の強い反発もあった。
English: The movement to abolish Buddhism was strongly conducted especially in regions where Kokugaku of Atsutane HIRATA school or Mitogaku (the scholarship or academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) were popular.
Japanese: 平田篤胤派の国学や水戸学が盛んであった地域ではとくに仏教排斥の動きが激しく行われた。
English: Those movements led to the movement to establish Shinto as the national religion, which became the beginning of State Shinto.
Japanese: そして神道を国教化する運動へと結びついてゆき、国家神道の発端となった。