nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Considering the necessity of education for females, which was thought to be unnecessary like for merchants, he established Joshi Kyoiku Shorei Kai (association to promote female education) with Hirobumi ITO and Kaishu KATSU and was involved in the establishment of Japan Women's University due to the relationship with Jinzo NARUSE and Tokyo Jogakkan College with Hirobumi ITO.
Japanese: また、商人同様に教育は不要であるとされていた女子の教育の必要性を考え、伊藤博文、勝海舟らと女子教育奨励会を設立、成瀬仁蔵らとともに日本女子大学、伊藤博文との関係で東京女学館大学の設立に携わった。
English: He also established Nihon Kokusai Jido Shinzenkai (Japan international goodwill association for children) and exchanged Japanese dolls and American dolls (doll with blue eyes) to promote exchanges.
Japanese: また日本国際児童親善会を設立し、日本人形とアメリカの人形（青い目の人形）を交換するなどして、交流を深めることに尽力している。
English: For the flood disaster that occurred in China in 1931, he served as Chairman of the compassion association for flood disaster in China and raised money for victims, and therefore, he also had an aspect as a pioneer who promoted popular diplomacy.
Japanese: 1931年には中国で起こった水害のために、中華民国水災同情会会長を務め義援金を募るなどし、民間外交の先駆者としての側面もある。
English: He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926 and 1927.
Japanese: なお渋沢は1926年と1927年のノーベル平和賞の候補にもなっている。
English: Based on "Rongo" (Analects of Confucius) he learned in his childhood, he preached and commited himself to share and give back wealth to society aiming at good balance between logic and profit, to enrich the whole country and develop the economy without creating a monopoly.
Japanese: 幼少期に学んだ『論語』を拠り所に倫理と利益の両立を掲げ、経済を発展させ、利益を独占するのではなく、国全体を豊かにする為に、富は全体で共有するものとして社会に還元することを説くと同時に自身にも心がけた。
English: When he became acquainted with Nakasu MISHIMA, who's dissertated theory of the union of morality and economy and was a disciple of Hokoku YAMADA, who was a scholar of Yomeigaku neo-Confucianism and reformed domain duties in Bicchu-matsuyama Domain in the same visions as Eichi at the end of the Edo period, they identified each other and Eichi started to be closely related with MISHIMA.
Japanese: また、幕末に栄一と同じ観点から備中松山藩の藩政改革にあたった陽明学者山田方谷の門人で「義利合一論」（義＝倫理・利＝利益）を論じた三島中洲と知り合うと、両者は意気投合して栄一は三島と深く交わるようになる。
English: Eichi became deeply involved in the management of Nishogakusha founded by Mishima after his death.
Japanese: 栄一は三島の死後に彼が創立した二松学舎の経営に深く関わることになる。
English: Therefore, they were distinguished by being called differently according to location such as 'Higashinoke' (the east house), 'Nishinoke'(the west house), 'Nakanoke' (the middle house), 'Maenoke' (the front house) and 'Shinyashiki' (the new house).
Japanese: このため、家の位置によって「東ノ家｣｢西ノ家」｢中ノ家｣｢前ノ家｣｢新屋敷｣などと呼んで区別した。
English: Ichiemon, Eichi's father was born as the third son of the second-generation family head of 'Higashinoke,' Sosuke, but he was adopted by 'Nakanoke.'
Japanese: 栄一の父・市郎右衛門は｢東ノ家」の当主二代目宗助の三男としてうまれたが｢中ノ家」に養子にはいったのである。
English: During the Meireki era, 'Nakanoke' was just a peasant, but by the time Eichi was born, they were the second wealthy family in the village.
Japanese: 明暦年間の｢中ノ家｣は小農にすぎなかったが栄一がうまれるころになると村の中で二番目の財産家となっていた。
English: After Eichi moved out of his country, his younger sister, Sadako, supported 'Nakanoke' and adopted Ichiro from the Sunaga family to make him the fourth-generation family head.
Japanese: 栄一が故郷をでてからは妹の貞子が｢中ノ家」をまもり、須永家より市郎をむかえ4代目とした。
English: While Eichi was from 'Nakanoke,' a branch family of the Shibusawa family, Tatsuhiko SHIBUSAWA, a scholar of French literature was from the head family, 'Higashinoke.'
Japanese: また、栄一は渋沢家の分家「中ノ家」の出だが、本家「東ノ家」からはフランス文学者の澁澤龍彦が出ている。
English: Although he was floated as the candidate of the portrait for Bank of Japan notes several times in the past as a financial expert representing Japanese history and first head of bill bureau, (later printing bureau), this was not realized.
Japanese: 日本史上を代表する経済人として、また初代紙幣頭（後の印刷局長）として日本銀行券（紙幣）の肖像の候補者として過去に何回か挙げられたものの実現には至っていない。
English: He was shortlisted for C thousand yen Bank of Japan note (started to publish in November 1, 1963) but Hirobumi ITO was adopted in the end.
Japanese: 特に日本銀行券C千円券（1963年11月1日発行開始）の肖像候補として最終選考に残ったが、結局伊藤博文が採用された。
English: Although the bills on which the portrait of Shibusawa printed were not issued in Japan, the one-yen, five-yen and ten-yen bills of early days of First Bank issued in Greater Korean Empire had the portraits of Shibusawa, who at that time was the manager.
Japanese: 日本では渋沢の肖像を入れた紙幣は発行されなかったが、1902~1904年にかけて大韓帝国で発行された初期の第一銀行券の1円、5円、10円券には当時の経営者だった渋沢の肖像が描かれていた。
English: November, the aniversary of Eichi's death, was specified as Eichi SHIBUSAWA memorial month in Fukaya City and some events are held every year.
Japanese: 深谷市では、栄一の命日である11月が「渋沢栄一記念月間」に指定され、毎年イベントが催されている。
English: The Ni item of "Saitama Local Caruta Card" published by the liaison council for rearing children in Saitama Prefecture is "Mr. SHIBUSAWA who raised Japanese industry" and was selected as one of the three cards (role card: 10 points when the three cards are gathered) of great men representing Saitama as well as Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and Hokinoichi HANAWA.
Japanese: 埼玉県子ども会育成連絡協議会が発行した『さいたま郷土かるた』の「に」の項目は「日本の産業育てた渋沢翁」となっており、畠山重忠、塙保己一と並ぶ埼玉を代表する偉人として、3人札（役札：3枚そろえると10点）に選出されている。
English: The E item of "Sainokuni twenty-first century local Karuta Card is "Eichi also had boiled noodle with welsh onion."
Japanese: また『彩の国21世紀郷土かるた』の「え」の項目は「栄一も食べたネギ入り煮ぼうとう」となっている。
English: This was named after the fact that Fukaya green onion is a special product of Fukaya and Boiled Hoto (noodle) is local dishes of the northern part of Saitama.
Japanese: これは深谷ネギが栄一の故郷である深谷の特産品であることと、煮ぼうとうが埼玉県北部の郷土料理であることにちなんでいる。
English: Due to the achievements of SHIBUSAWA, the Saitama Prefecture awards the 'Eichi SHIBUSAWA Award' to business owners who perform sound company activities and contribute to society.
Japanese: 現在埼玉県では渋沢の功績に因み、健全な企業活動と社会貢献を行っている全国の企業経営者に「渋沢栄一賞」を授与している。
English: Tokimitsu NANJO (1259 - May 25, 1332) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 南条時光（なんじょうときみつ、正元(日本)元年（1259年）-元弘2年/正慶元年5月1日(旧暦)（1332年5月25日）は、鎌倉時代後期の武将。
English: Succeeding to his late father, Hyoe Shichiro, at the age of seven, he became a believer in Hokkekyo (the Lotus Sutra) as his father was.
Japanese: 7歳のときに父・兵衛七郎と死別し家督を継いだ時光は、父と同様に法華経信仰の道に入る。
English: He had since then periodically sent offerings to Nichiren who lived in Mt. Minobu.
Japanese: 以後、身延山に住する日蓮のもとへ供養の品々を定期的に送り続けている。
English: At the Atsuhara Persecution of Nichiren in 1278, he followed Nikko who resisted the religious persecution by the Kamakura bakufu, making great efforts to protect and support the believers.
Japanese: 1278年（弘安元年）以降の熱原法難に際しては、日興の指導の下で鎌倉幕府の宗教弾圧に抵抗し、信徒の保護と支援のために尽力奔走した。
English: Nichiren praised him for his profound faith and gave him the honorific title of 'The Wise Lord of Ueno.'
Japanese: 日蓮は時光のこの深い信仰心に対し、「上野賢人殿」との称号をもって賛嘆したという。
English: Tokimitsu immediately received Nikko in his territory and became a founding patron of Honmon-ji Temple to which he gave the land in 1290.
Japanese: この時ただちに時光は日興を自領内に迎え入れ、正応3年（1290年）)一帯の土地を寄進して、本門寺の開基檀那となった。
English: In 1323 he converted his house in Shimojo Horinouchi into Shimojo Myoren-ji Temple for his deceased wife, Myoren.
Japanese: 正中元年（1323年）には、亡くなった妻・妙蓮の供養のため、下条堀之内の自邸を改め下条妙蓮寺とした。
English: Although he is considered to have participated in the Coup of August 18 (old calendar), but he was not involved in the Ikedaya Incident of June 1864.
Japanese: 八月十八日の政変に参加したものと考えられるが、元治元年（1864年六月の池田屋事変には不参加である。
English: He could have been busy guarding Shinsengumi's headquarters or could have been sick as there was recordedly a lot of sickness in Shinsengumi at that time.
Japanese: 屯所警備に重んじていたか、もしくは当時隊内に病人が多かったらしいことから、尾形もその一人とも考えられる。
English: Isami KONDO seems to have had great trust in Shuntaro, which is illustrated in the fact that Shuntaro was given an important position from an early stage of his career in Shinsengumi and that he accompanied Isami Kondo in all important trips such as the trip to Edo in 1864 to recruit new members for Shinsengumi and the two trips to Choshu (Nagato Province: Yamaguchi Prefecture) in 1865 and 1866.
Japanese: 近藤勇の信頼が厚かったようで、初期より重用され、元治元年に江戸への隊士募集行きや、慶応元年（1865年）と慶応二年（1866年）の二度に渡る長州出張に例外なく随行している。
English: He was appointed Shoshi-torishirabe ken Kansatsu and Master of Literature in the organizational formation in May 1865, which indicates he was highly appreciated as a civilian.
Japanese: 慶応元年四月の編成では、諸士取調役兼監察方及び文学師範に就任し、文官として高く評価されていたようである。
English: Having been Fukucho-jokin in Shinsengumi, Shuntaro was recruited as a Mimawarigumi-kaku (a status which is equivalent to Mimawarigumi; the shogunate-organized security squad placed in Kyoto) at the time of recruitment of Shinsengumi members as shogun's retainers in July 1867.
Japanese: 慶応三年（1867年）六月の幕臣取立では、副長助勤として見廻組格となっている。
English: He served as Metsuke when the Battle of Toba-Fushimi broke out in January 1868, and returned to Edo after taking flight to Osaka.
Japanese: 慶応四年（1868年）一月に勃発した鳥羽・伏見の戦いでは目付を務め、大阪に敗走後、江戸に帰還。
English: Having remained in Shinsengumi after that, he headed for Aizu (western part of Fukushima Prefecture) following the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and was routed at the Battle of Bonari-toge Pass of October 6, 1868.
Japanese: その後も在隊し、甲州勝沼の戦いを通して会津にへ向かい、同年八月二十一日の母成峠の戦いで敗走。
English: Nothing has been heard of him since his last record of the fact that he and his 38 colleagues including Jiro YAMAGUCHI alias Hajime SAITO stayed in an inn called Saitoya located at the foot of Aizu-Wakamatsu-jo Castle outside its outer moat in October 7, 1868.
Japanese: 二十二日に斎藤一こと山口次郎ら38名と共に会津若松城下外堀外の斉藤屋に宿泊した記録を最後に消息を絶った。
English: Nobori NAKAJIMA (a Shinsengumi member) wrote that 'he was missing' and Jingoro YOKOKURA (same) recorded that 'he stayed in Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle.'
Japanese: 中島登は「行方不明」とし、横倉甚五郎は「会城（会津若松城）に残る」としている。
English: In any case Ogata seems to have been away from the then Shinsengumi's headquarters and there are many views on his movements, none of which has been evidenced.
Japanese: いずれにしても新選組本陣から離れており、その後は以下のような諸説があるが、どれも確証がない。
English: After moving to Tokyo and working there as a secret agent under a name Tanji KOGA together with Hajime SAITO (who called himself Goro FUJITA at that time), he became a fire station chief and was killed in the performance of his duties in 1904.
Japanese: 東京で斎藤一（当時の名は藤田五郎）と共に古閑膽次という名で密偵をした後、消防署長となり、明治三十七年（1904年）に殉職した。
English: Incidentally, a story has been handed down that there had been a grave of a Shinsengumi member named 'Ogata' together with a grave of Kijiro MATSUMOTO in Shofuku-ji Temple in Miyo of Aizu, which is not certain.
Japanese: 尚、会津三代の正福寺に松本喜次郎の墓と共に「尾形」という姓の新選組隊士の墓があったという伝承があるが定かではない。
English: Arinosuke MONAI (March 26, 1835 - December 13, 1867) was a member of the Shinsengumi (a special police force of the late Tokugawa shogunate period) and Goryo-eji (guard of Imperial mausoleums).
Japanese: 毛内有之助（もうないありのすけ、1835年3月26日（天保6年2月28日(旧暦)）-1867年12月13日（慶応3年11月18日(旧暦)））は、新選組隊士、御陵衛士。
English: In October, 1864, he went up to Kyoto with Kashitaro ITO and others with an intention to become a member of Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 元治元年（1864年）10月、伊東甲子太郎らとともに新選組加盟を前提に上洛。
English: As he was appointed Goryo-eji, together with Mikisaburo SUZUKI, Tainoshin SHINOHARA and others, he withdrew from the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 伊東や鈴木三樹三郎、篠原泰之進らと御陵衛士を拝命して新選組を脱退する。
English: On December 13, 1867, when Ito was assassinated by Shinsengumi at Shichijo-Aburakoji Crossing (Kyoto), he went there to recover Ito's dead body with Miki, and he was killed by Shinsengumi that was waiting to kill them.
Japanese: 慶応3年（1867年）11月18日、伊東が新選組によって七条油小路にて暗殺されると、三木らと共に遺体を引き取りに現場に赴いたところ、迎撃した新選組によって殺害された。
English: When he was appointed as a member of Goryo-eji, he made an agreement with Kondo (Isami KONDO), that there would not be any more Shinsengumi members that would be allowed to leave the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 御陵衛士拝命時における近藤との取り決めとして、新選組からの後続の脱退は許さないとしていた。
English: Therefore, those who solicited the their withdrawal from the force with the intention to follow Arinosuke MONAI, such as Tsukasa IBARAKI, Shimenosuke SANO, Juro TOMIKAWA and Goro NAKAMURA, were not allowed to join him, and they committed suicide at Kyoto residence of Aizu Domain.
Japanese: そのため、後続として脱退を懇願した茨木司、佐野七五三之助、富川十郎、中村五郎らは合流が叶わず、会津藩京都屋敷にて自害した。
English: Yahei TOYAMA (1843 - May 22, 1868) was a member of the Shinsengumi (a special police force of the late Tokugawa shogunate period) and Goryo-eji (guard of Imperial mausoleums).
Japanese: 富山弥兵衛（とやまやへえ、天保14年（1843年）-明治元年4月1日(旧暦)（1868年5月22日））は、新選組隊士、御陵衛士。
English: In 1864, he joined the Shinsengumi and belonged to the Nanaban Ozutsu gumi (seventh platoon in charge of cannon), and in 1865, he held the position of corporal.
Japanese: 1864年、新選組に加盟して七番大砲組に属し、翌1865年には伍長をつとめた。
English: Although he was dedicated to investigate the movement of the Aizu Domain, staying in Izumozaki Town, Echigo Province, he was caught by Mito Tengu-to (antiforeigner faction of Mito Domain), and although he once tried to escape, his attempt failed and he was killed.
Japanese: 越後国出雲崎町にて会津藩の動向探索に従事したが、水戸天狗党に捕らえられ、一時は逃走したものの、失敗して殺害された。
English: Before he was admitted as a member, he was suspected to be a spy, as he was from the Satsuma Domain, but finally he was admitted thanks to the mediation of Ito.
Japanese: 加盟を前に薩摩藩出身を理由として密偵の嫌疑をかけられたが、伊東が取りなしたため加盟が許されたとされる。
English: His body was buried at the battle field, but it is said that later a mass grave was constructed in Takada, Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture, and his body was moved there.
Japanese: 遺体は戦線にて埋葬されたが、のち新潟県上越市高田に合装墓が造られたという。
English: Senseki TAKAMI (August 3, 1785 to August 24,1858) was a Dutch scholar (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language) in the Edo period and principal retainer in the Koga clan of Shimousa Province.
Japanese: 鷹見泉石（たかみせんせき、天明5年6月29日(旧暦)（1785年8月3日）-安政5年7月16日(旧暦)（1858年8月24日））は、江戸時代の蘭学者であり、下総国古河藩の家老。
English: His go (pen name) was Senseki, Fusho, Taiseido, Kakinken.
Japanese: 号は泉石の他に、楓所（ふうしょ）、泰西堂（たいせいどう）、可琴軒（かきんけん）。
English: He also used the Dutch name Jan Hendrik Daper as his signature.
Japanese: また、ヤン・ヘンドリック・ダップル（JanHendrikDaper）という蘭名も署名に用いている。
English: In 1785, he was born near Koga-jo Castle as the eldest son to Tadanori TAKAMI (250 Koku of crop yields), who was working as Otsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol in the battlefield) of the Koga clan.
Japanese: 1785年、古河藩の御使番役・鷹見忠徳（250石）の嫡男として古河城下に誕生する。
English: Starting to serve as shirabeyaku kyuji (investigating assistant) in the domain in 1797, he served in a variety of posts including metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers), yonin joseki (senior officer handling domestic economy), bantokaku (head of security guard) and got promoted to karo (chief retainer) with 280 Koku of crop yield (500 Koku paid for his post) in 1831.
Japanese: 1797年、調役給仕として出仕して以降、目付、用人上席、番頭格などを経、1831年には280石の家老（役高500石）に昇進した。
English: Toshiatsu DOI and Toshitsura DOI (father and son) also held important posts such as jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines), Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle), Kyoto shosidai (the Kyoto deputy), and roju (senior councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate).
Japanese: 土井利厚・土井利位父子もまた、寺社奉行や大坂城代、京都所司代、老中などの要職を務めていた。
English: His ability was highly praised as represented by the comment, 'Doi for Takami or Takami for Doi?'
Japanese: 「土井の鷹見か，鷹見の土井か」といわれるほどに，その能力は賞賛を受けた。
English: In 1845, his salary increased to 330 Koku crop of yield, but he was dismissed from the office in 1846 and retired in Koga.
Japanese: 1845年、加増をうけ330石となるが、翌1846年に免職となって古河に隠居している。
English: In 1858, he died in the retirement residence (present Takami Senseki Memorial Hall in Koga Historical Museum) in Hasemachi, Koga City,
Japanese: 1858年、古河長谷町の隠居屋敷（現古河歴史博物館の鷹見泉石記念館）にて死没。
English: With the increasing crisis awareness of foreign countries, he, as a major feudal lord who was in charge of the shogunate administration, had interest in foreign affairs at early stage.
Japanese: 対外危機意識の高まるなか、幕政に当たる譜代大名の重臣という立場から早くから海外事情に関心を寄せた。
English: He also greatly contributed to the development of western studies by his wide-ranging exchanges with the central people of that time in politics, culture, diplomacy such as Toshiakira KAWAJI and Hidetatsu EGAWA (key Edo shogunate figures), Kazan WATANABE and Hoshu KATSURAGAWA (Dutch scholars), Shogo MITSUKURI (geographer), Kokan SHIBA and Buncho TANI (painters), Shuhan TAKASHIMA (ballistic specialist), Kodayu DAIKOKUYA (returnee from Russia), Sanai ADACHI, Kunpei EGAWA, Sakusaburo NAKAYAMA (Japanese-Dutch translator), Johan Willem de Sturler (curator of Dutch trading house).
Japanese: また、川路聖謨、江川英龍などの幕府要人、渡辺崋山、桂川甫周などの蘭学者、箕作省吾などの地理学者、司馬江漢、谷文晁ら画家、砲術家　高島秋帆、海外渡航者の大黒屋光太夫、足立左内、潁川君平、中山作三郎ら和蘭通詞、オランダ商館長（カピタン）のスチュルレ（JohanWillemdeSturler）など、当時の政治、文化、外交の中枢にある人々と広く交流を持って洋学界にも大きく寄与した。
English: Kazan WATANABE's 'Portrait of Senseki Takami (housed in Tokyo National Museum)', appreciated as a masterpiece of the early-modern picture that incorporated the Western painting style, is designated as a national treasure.
Japanese: 渡辺崋山の描いた「鷹見泉石像（東京国立博物館蔵）」は、西洋の画法も取り入れた近世画の傑作として、国宝に指定されている。
English: Blending two different painting style perfectly - the Oriental traditional painting one using drawing technique for describing eboshi (formal headwear for court nobles) and clothes and the Western style of shadowing and coloring methods for describing facial expression - succeeded in producing a high-quality picture that also expressed the inside of the character.
Japanese: 烏帽子と服は線描を使った東洋の伝統的な画法、相貌は西洋の陰影法や彩色法を使うという対照的な技法を用いながら、全く違和感なく融合させ人物の内面まで感じさせる高い完成度をもつ。
English: The diary of Senseki TAKAMI mainly describes about his own official duties for 60 years since he started to work at the age of 12.
Japanese: 『鷹見泉石日記』は、彼が職に就いた12歳から、60年間にもわたった自らの公務を中心に書き留められたもの。
English: The diary describes in detail about the Rebellion of Heihachiro Oshio that broke out when the then lord of the domain, Toshitsura DOI, was working as Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle) partly because Senseki himself suppressed the rebellion.
Japanese: 特に、藩主利位の大坂城代在職中に起こった大塩平八郎の乱については、彼自身が鎮圧に当たったこともあって詳しく記載されている。
English: Unsurprisingly for a Dutch scholar, the diary indicates that he gave castella sponge cake to those concerned as gift, but it is unclear where the cake was made.
Japanese: 蘭学者らしく、日記中に各所へカステラを贈答する記事が記載されているが、どこで製造されたものか詳細不明である。
English: Shogo MITSUKURI (date of birth unknown, 1821 - January 29, 1847) was a Japanese geographer in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 箕作省吾（みつくりしょうご、文政4年（1821年）-弘化3年12月13日(旧暦)（1847年1月29日））は、江戸時代後期の日本の地理学者。
English: He first did Western studies and Sinology with Choan BANNO (坂野長安), who was a physician of Western medicine in Mizusawa City and teacher of Choei TAKANO.
Japanese: はじめ水沢市の蘭医で高野長英の師であった坂野長安に蘭学・漢学を学んだ。
English: He visited scenic spots in Kansai region to explore its topographies, routes, industries and life styles.
Japanese: 関西各地の景勝の地を訪ねて、各地の地勢・通路・産業や風俗などを調べた。
English: He came to know about great Genpo MITSUKURI during Choan's lecture and went to Edo once again to become Genpo's disciple.
Japanese: 長安の講義の中で箕作阮甫の偉大さに触れ、再び江戸に出て阮甫の弟子となった。
English: Recognizing Shogo's talents, Genpo adopted him as his son-in-law by marrying him with Shin (Chima), his fourth daughter.
Japanese: 省吾は阮甫に才能を認められて阮甫の四女・しん（ちま）と結婚し、箕作家の婿養子となった。
English: In 1845 Shogo published Japan's first map of the world "Shinsei yochi zenzu" (A New Complete Map of the World) and "Konyo zushiki" (An Overview of the Geography of the World) that explains the former as well as Western geography.
Japanese: 弘化2年（1845年）省吾は日本初の世界地図である『新製輿地全図』（しんせいよちぜんず）と、その解説書で西洋地理書の『坤輿図識』（こんよずしき）を著した。
English: This is why his name is imprinted on the history of Japanese geography as the one who introduced a world map to the country for the first time.
Japanese: そのため世界地図を日本で最初に紹介した人物として省吾は日本の地理学の歴史に名前を残すことになった。
English: Single-mindedly devoted to the translation of foreign geographical texts, he was so mentally exhausted as to contract tuberculosis.
Japanese: しかし、世界の地理学の学術書の訳述に全知全能を傾けたため心労のあまり結核に侵された。
English: His widow, Shin, was remarried to Shusaku MITSUKURI after the death of her elder sister Tsune (who was the third daughter of Genpo and wife of Shusaku, Genpo's adopted son-in-law).
Japanese: しん未亡人は姉つね（阮甫の三女で阮甫の婿養子・秋坪の妻）の死後箕作秋坪の後妻となった。
English: SOGA no Emishi was an aristocrat and highest officer politician in the Asuka period, who committed suicide in the so-called Isshi no hen (the Murder in the Year of Isshi) led by Prince Naka no Oe no Oji (later the Emperor Tenchi), FUJIWARA no Kamatari, SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro, and others.
Japanese: 蘇我蝦夷（そがのえみし）は、飛鳥時代に大臣（おおおみ）となり中大兄皇子（後の天智天皇）・藤原鎌足・蘇我倉山田石川麻呂らのいわゆる乙巳の変で自殺した政治家、貴族。
English: Because Emishi and Ezo (northerners) use the same Chinese characters (蝦夷), some people believe that the name 蝦夷 (Emishi) was a derogatory term and his real name was 毛人 (Emishi), but 蝦夷 and 毛人 do not refer to the same thing.
Japanese: 蝦夷は蝦夷と同じ漢字であるため、これは蔑称であり、毛人が本名との説があるが、「蝦夷」も「毛人」も同じ対象を指すことを考慮していない。
English: Another theory says that he respected Ezo who were resisting the Yamato dynasty adamantly as strong men and adopted his name after them.
Japanese: 当時蝦夷は頑強に大和朝廷に抵抗しており、「強い人間」という印象があるため名前につけたとする説もある。
English: It is also possible that Naka no Oe no Oji and others, who erased his real name and his records, gave him a derogatory name instead after his and his son Iruka's death.
Japanese: また蘇我入鹿と同様に死後中大兄皇子らによってこれまでの名前を資料とともに消され、新たに卑しい名前として勝手に名付けられたという説もある。
English: For the selection of the heir to the Imperial Throne following the Emperor Suiko's demise, he succeeded in enthroning the Prince Tamura as the Emperor Jomei in accordance with the order left behind in the Emperor Suiko's will.
Japanese: 推古天皇の崩御後、皇位継承者の選定に当たり、推古天皇の遺勅として、田村皇子を舒明天皇として即位させることに成功した。
English: (Oe can mean a crown prince, but because there is no description that the Prince Yamashiro no oe became a crown prince in Nihonshoki [Chronicles of Japan], some people believe that he was simply a prince)
Japanese: （大兄は皇太子の意味となれるが山背大兄王が皇太子となったという記述は日本書紀にはなく、単なる皇子とする者もいる）
English: However, on the other hand, one theory says that Emishi, while there was growing criticism of the Soga clan from both inside and outside after his father Umako's death, enthroned the Emperor Jomei who did not have blood relationship with the Soga clan to value the harmony between the imperial family and various powerful families.
Japanese: が、一方で父・馬子の死後、蘇我氏に対する内外の風当たりが強くなる中で、皇族や諸豪族との融和を重視して、蘇我氏との血縁関係のない舒明天皇を即位させたという説もある。
English: While Emishi set the Emperor Kyogoku on the throne after the Emperor Jomei's demise, he employed the Prince Yamashiro no oe's private retainers to make his own graveyard.
Japanese: 舒明天皇の崩御後は、皇極天皇を擁立したが、山背大兄王の私民を使役して自らの墓所を作らせた。
English: Moreover, he behaved like okimi (great king) by giving Iruka the purple cap for oomi (a highest officer in national politics of the Yamato dynasty), calling his younger brother Mononobe no oomi, and naming his residence kyujo no mikada (Gate on Imperial Palace).
Japanese: また入鹿に紫冠を授け大臣と擬し、弟を物部大臣と呼び、屋敷を宮上の門（みかど）とよばせるなど自らを大王に擬する行為があった。
English: According to one theory, the purple cap indicated the first grade of "Twelve grades of cap rank", which cap belonged to heads of the Soga clan who had served as oomi for generations.
Japanese: （冠位十二階最高位大徳の色であるが、代々大臣を務めた蘇我氏当主の冠とする説もある）
English: SOGA no Iruka, Emishi's son, attacked the Prince Yamashiro no Oe, and drove the whole family of Jogu Oke to commit suicide.
Japanese: 蝦夷の子の蘇我入鹿は山背大兄王を襲い、上宮王家一家を自殺に追いこんだ。
English: In 645, when Iruka was killed in the emperor's presence, the Soga supporters gathers at Emishi's place, but the next day, he committed suicide by setting fire to his residence in the face of Iruka's corpse and Tennoki (a Record of the Emperors) and Kokki (National Record) were destroyed as well.
Japanese: 皇極天皇4年（645年）に天皇の御前で入鹿が殺されると、一時は蝦夷のもとに与する者が集まったが、翌日、入鹿の屍を前に蝦夷は邸宅に火をかけ「天皇記」・「国記」もろとも自殺した。
English: The Imperial Court of Heian-kyo sent MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie in 1051 to antagonize the Abe clan which had a semi-autonomous power in the region, which triggered the 12 years of war in various places of the Tohoku region where the Abe clan fought very hard (Zen kunen no eki [the Early Nine Years' War]).
Japanese: 半独立的な勢力をもつ安倍氏に対し、永承6年（1051年）に平安京の朝廷から派遣された源頼義・源義家との争いに端を発し、以降12年間にわたり東北各地に善戦する（前九年の役）。