nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: This view may have been derived and developed from Hogen Monogatari and Tale of the Heike, which believe that the turmoil in the society like Gempei kassen (battles between the Heishi clan and Minamoto clan) were caused by the onryo of Sutokuin.
Japanese: これは源平合戦などの世の乱れの一因に崇徳院の怨霊の影響があったとみる『保元物語』『平家物語』のありかたを一層、進展させたものと認められよう。
English: Generally, Gongoro KAMAKURA (Kagemasa KAMAKURA) is thought to be a typical figure deified in goryo shinko; this is partly because he was a super hero (not because he became an onryo) and partly because of the worship of ancestors.
Japanese: また、一般に御霊信仰の代表例として鎌倉権五郎（鎌倉景政）が語られることが多いが、彼は怨霊というよりは、超人的な英雄としての生嗣や祖霊信仰に基づく面が強いように考えられる。
English: Gongoro KAMAKURA, who was a one-eyed warrior, should also be examined in terms of ethnology (under the category of 'one-eyed goblin').
Japanese: 鎌倉権五郎に関しての話題は、民俗学的な面（一つ目小僧）からも見る必要がある。
English: This is similar to goryo shinko in that it deifies the angel of death like the Hoso Kami (the god of smallpox and the god of flu) to prevent such diseases.
Japanese: これは、いわゆる疫病神の疱瘡神やかぜの神を祭ることによって、これを防ぐもので御霊信仰に類似するものがある。
English: Gozu Tenno, which had been believed to bring diseases and misfortunes to people, was enshrined in Yasaka-jinja Shrine in Kyoto, giving birth to gion shinko.
Japanese: 牛頭天王は、疫病や災いをもたらすものとして、京都の八坂神社に祀られ、祇園信仰がおこった。
English: Many shrines that bear the names; "Yasaka-jinja Shrine," "Gion-jinja Shrine," and "Yagumo-Jinja Shrine," had once enshrined Gozu Tenno (they often have aliases that contain the sound of "tenno" at the end.)
Japanese: 全国で八坂神社、祇園神社、八雲神社を称する神社には、かつて牛頭天王が祀られた例が多い（それらは大抵、「○○天王」という別称をもつことが多い）。
English: Due to the Meiji government's policy on religion, however, some shrines enshrined Susanohno Mikoto.
Japanese: ただし、明治の宗教政策により、現在は素盞鳴尊を祭神としている場合がある。
English: There are a lot of names that contain the sound of "goro", which is close to "goryo", including Goryo-jinna Shrine in Kamakura City and Yagoroudon-matsuri Festival in Osumi-hanto Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture and in the south of Miyazaki Prefecture.
Japanese: 御霊の音が似ているために「五郎(ごろう)」の名を冠したものも多く見られ，御霊神社(鎌倉市)や鹿児島県大隅半島から宮崎県南部にみられるやごろうどん祭りなどの例が挙げられる。
English: The term "Goro-zuka," burial sites seen across the country where gorinto (five-stored towers) are erected or where stones are piled up, may have been previously pronounced "Goryo-zuka".
Japanese: 全国にある五郎塚などと称する塚（五輪塔や石などで塚が築いてある場合）は、御霊塚の転訛であるとされている。
English: In the middle ages, the Emperor was in the habit of Katachigae (a practice of approaching a destination in a different direction than going directly from one's house) for fear of onryo every time he passed through the neighborhood of Mikoshi-gosyo in Gion.
Japanese: 天皇は中世には祇園の御輿御所近くを通る際にはその怨霊を恐れて方違を行う慣例がありった。
English: This is called "Gion katatagae," "Goryoe onkatatagae gyoko," or "Katatagae gyoko," and there was no one right way to say it.
Japanese: これは「祇園会方違」、「御霊会御方違行幸」、「方違行幸」などと言われ、特定の呼称はなかった。
English: Some say, however, that katatagae was simply a way to avoid streets that were too crowded.
Japanese: ただし、この方違は単に激しい雑踏を避けるためのものであったとの異説もある。
English: Shinsen includes the cooked type called Jukusen and the raw type called Seisen.
Japanese: 神饌には、調理して供える熟饌（じゅくせん）と、生のまま供える生饌（せいせん）とがある。
English: To cook the Jukusen, in principle, only flames (secret fire (imibi)) produced by firestones or maigiri-shiki (style using gimlets (maigiri), ancient tools for making fire) is used.
Japanese: 熟饌の調理には、本来は燧石、舞錐式などで起こした神聖な炎（忌火・いみび）のみを使う。
English: In shrines, offerings include rice, salt, water, vegetables, bonitos, dried bonito, seaweed, fruits, and seishu or refined sake.
Japanese: 神社などでは、米、塩、水、野菜、鯛、鰹節（干鰹）、海藻、果物、清酒などを供える。
English: Although Shinsen is usually offered in a unglazed vessel called Kawarake (earthenware cup), an abalone shell may be used in some regions.
Japanese: 基本的には、かわらけと呼ばれる素焼きの焼き物を器にするが、地域によってはアワビの貝殻を代用する場合もある。
English: Eating the Naorai not only means getting closer to a god by eating what has been offered, but also proves that things unfit to eat have not been offered.
Japanese: 直会には、神の供物を食べることで神に近づくという意味もあるが、人が食べることのできないものは供えてはいなかったという証明でもある。
English: Strictly speaking, however, the Shinsen offered on the altars is not necessarily served as a Naorai.
Japanese: ただ、厳密に言うならば、献饌された神饌が必ず直会にあがるという訳ではない。
English: In some regions, the Shinsen offered on the altars is thrown in Shintaizan (a mountain where the spirit of deity is traditionally believed to dwell) or buried underground even today.
Japanese: 献饌し終わった神饌を神体山へ投げる、土中に埋めるなどの行為が今現在でも一部見られる。
English: This indicates that there were different courtesies or stances toward Shinsen, which have been passed down to the present day.
Japanese: 各々神饌に対しての礼儀作法、考え方が異なっていたこと、それらが今でも継承されてきたことが伺える。
English: The Shinsen offered in many shrines is Seisen (raw type) today but quite a rare style of Shinsen has been offered in some well known and old shrines or other shrines that have carried on traditional Shinto rituals.
Japanese: 現在、多くの神社における神饌は生饌が多く扱われているが、有名古社や古い神事を継承し続けている神社においてはきわめて珍しい形式の神饌を献饌していることがある。
English: Such a rare Shinsen is called Special Shinsen, for convenience, and Jukusen, a cooked type, is mainly offered..
Japanese: 便宜上、それらは特殊神饌と呼ばれ、熟饌を中心とした、調理されたものが献饌されている。
English: (Because standard Shinsen is considered to be what is defined in the Rules for Ritual Procedures at Shrines, the traditional Shinsen has been seen as "Special," and called so.
Japanese: （神社祭式に規定されたものを基準として考えているので、それまで存在していた古式の神饌は「特殊」という括りで称されるようになった。
English: This is greatly influenced by the reform of the Rules for Ritual Procedures at Shrines as well as the change in meaning of shrines and Shinto after Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: 明治維新を境にした神社祭式の刷新と神社の在り方・神道のあり方が大きく影響を及ぼしている）
English: "Naijin Shinsen," "Gaijin Shinsen," and "Niwazumi Shinsen" in Aoi-Matsuri Festival of Kamomioya-jinja Shrine/Kamowake-Ikazuchi-jinja Shrine, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
Japanese: 京都府京都市賀茂御祖神社・賀茂別雷神社葵祭『内陣神饌』『外陣神饌』『庭積神饌』
English: Some small shrines in the Kinki region have been handed down and carried on traditional Shinto rituals and services in which Special Shinsen is offered on the altar.
Japanese: 近畿地方などでは小さな社でも特殊神饌を献饌する神事・祭祀儀礼を伝承・継続しているところがある。
English: Various factors such as the regional industry, financing of shrines, the way of practicing faith, and purposes of Shinto services and rituals can be glimpsed at in each Special Shinsen.
Japanese: 各々の特殊神饌は、各社の地域産業や神社経済、信仰の在り様、祭祀儀礼の意義など複雑な要素が見え隠れしている。
English: Special Shinsen can be regarded as a remarkable religious phenomenon as a food culture developed by the Japanese.
Japanese: 日本人が生み出した食文化の一つとして着目すべき宗教現象だと言えると思われる。
English: Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) describes it as "Ukanomitama no kami" and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) as "Uganomitama no mikoto."
Japanese: 古事記では宇迦之御魂神（うかのみたまのかみ）、日本書紀では倉稲魂尊（うがのみたまのみこと）と表記する。
English: In Kojiki, the pedigree record of Susanoo (Deity in Japanese Mythology) defines it as a child who was born between Susanoo and Kamu-oichi-hime (the daughter of Oyamatsumi) and a brother of Otoshi no kami.
Japanese: 古事記では、スサノオの系譜において登場ひ、スサノオと神大市比売（オオヤマツミの娘）との間に生まれ、大年神は兄としている。
English: It does not appear in the main text of Nihonshoki but Arufumi (alternative variants to the main text) of Section 6, Kamiumi (the birth of deities) describes that it was born when Izanagi (The Male Who Invites) and Izanami (The Female Who Invites) were starving and depressed.
Japanese: 日本書紀では本文には登場せず、神産みの第六の一書において、イザナギとイザナミが飢えて気力がないときに産まれたとしている。
English: It is the shusaijin (main enshrined deities) of Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine in Kyoto and widely worshiped as an Inari-shin (Oinari-san - god of harvests, wealth, fertility, etc.)
Japanese: 京都・伏見稲荷大社の主祭神になっていて、稲荷神（お稲荷さん）として広く信仰されている。
English: Some are confused to regard it as a fox because the fox was once called "Ketsu," but it is a messenger of the deity that assumes the shape of a fox.
Japanese: キツネの古名である「ケツ」と混同し同一視されることがあるが、キツネの姿をしているのは稲荷神のお使いである。
English: It is also worshiped as a deity of harvest as well as a deity of agriculture or a deity of commerce and industry.
Japanese: 穀物の神としてだけでなく、農耕の神、商工業の神としても信仰されている。
English: It is enshrined in Inari-jinja Shrines across the country such as Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine (Kyoto city), Kasama Inari-jinja Shrine (Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture), Yutoku Inari-jinja Shrine (Saga Prefecture).
Japanese: 伏見稲荷大社（京都市）、笠間稲荷神社（茨城県笠間市）、祐徳稲荷神社（佐賀県）などの全国の稲荷神社で祀られている。
English: OK
Japanese: そのほか、ビルやデパートの屋上、工場の敷地内などにも、屋敷神として稲荷神を祀る社が設けられている。
English: Oyamakuhi no kami is a Japanese deity.
Japanese: 大山咋神（おおやまくいのかみ、おほやまくひのかみ）は、日本の神である。
English: The 'kuhi' of his name means pile, (heavy beam of timber) indicating that he is a deity who drives a pile of heavy timber into Oyama ("Big Mountain"), and the mountain's owner.
Japanese: 名前の「くい（くひ）」は杭のことで、大山に杭を打つ神、すなわち大きな山の所有者の神を意味する。
English: According to the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters - Japan's oldest historical record), the deity is enshrined in Hieno-yama (later called and Mt. Hiei) and Matsuo, Kazuno District, and Narikabura is where the deity resides.
Japanese: 古事記では、近江国の日枝山（ひえのやま、後の比叡山）および葛野（かづの）の松尾に鎮座し、鳴鏑を神体とすると記されている。
English: Since Enryaku-ji Buddhist Temple of the Tendai sect was built on Mt. Hiei, the deity also came to be regarded as the guardian deity of the Tendai sect and Enryaku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 比叡山に天台宗の延暦寺ができてからは、天台宗および延暦寺の守護神ともされた。
English: A Shinto school derived from the Tendai sect was called "Sanno Shinto," later changed to "Sanno Ichijitsu Shinto" by Tenkai (a priest of the Tendai sect, who lived in the early Edo period).
Japanese: 天台宗が興した神道の一派を山王神道と言い、後に天海が山王一実神道と改めた。
English: Dokan OTA built Hie-jinja Shrine by moving Oyamakuhi no kami from Kawagoe-hiyoshi-sha Shrine to make it the guardian deity of Edo-jo Castle.
Japanese: 太田道灌が江戸城の守護神として川越日吉社から大山咋神を勧請して日枝神社を建てた。
English: Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine at the foot of Mt. Hiei is the headquarters of all the Hie-jinja Shrines that worship Oyamakuhi no kami across the country.
Japanese: 比叡山の麓の日吉大社（滋賀県大津市）が大山咋神を祀る全国の日枝神社の総本社である。
English: Later, Omononushi (a deity in Japanese mythology) was enshrined in Hie-jinja Shrines; Omononushi is called "Obie" ("Big Hie") and Oyamakuhi no kami "Kobie" ("Small Hie").
Japanese: 日枝神社には後にオオモノヌシが勧請されており、大物主神を大比叡、大山咋神を小比叡と呼ぶ。
English: Besides, the two deities are enshrined in Higashihongu (Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo Prefecture), and also in Matsuo-taisha Shrine (Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: そのほか、日枝神社（東京都千代田区）、松尾大社（京都市西京区）および全国の日枝神社で祀られている。
English: The god Inari is one of the Japanese Shinto gods.
Japanese: 稲荷神（いなりのかみ、いなりしん）は、日本における神(神道)の1つ。
English: The god is also called "Daimyojin" and is well-known as "Oinari-sama" and "Oinari-san."
Japanese: 稲荷大明神（いなりだいみょうじん）ともいい、お稲荷様・お稲荷さんの名で親しまれる。
English: Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City is considered to be the headquarters of all the Inari-jinja Shrines across the country.
Japanese: また京都市伏見区にある伏見稲荷大社が日本各所にある神道上の稲荷神社の総本社とされている。
English: The god Inari is the general term for the harvest god, which includes Ukanomitama (the god of foodstuffs), Toyoukebime, Ukemochi, Ogetsuhime, Wakaukame, and Miketsu (the rice god).
Japanese: 稲荷神は、ウカノミタマ（うかのみたま、倉稲魂命とも書く）などの穀物の神の総称であり、宇迦之御魂神の他、トヨウケビメ（とようけびめ）、ウケモチ（うけもち）、オオゲツヒメ（おおげつひめ）、若宇迦売神（わかうかめ）、御饌津神（みけつ）などとされている。
English: In the Shinbutsu shugo shiso theory (the amalgamation of Buddhism with Shinto, the Japanese indigenous religion), Buddhist Dakiniten (Dakini - fairy-goddess) is honjibutsu (a Buddha, the true nature of a Shinto deity) of Ukanomitama no Mikoto (the headquarters of all the temples that worship Dakiniten is Toyokawa-inari).
Japanese: また神仏習合思想においては仏法における荼吉尼天が宇迦之御魂神の本地仏とされる（その総本社は豊川稲荷）。
English: Presumably, there are twenty or thirty thousand Inari-jinja Shrines across the country, but if you include deities enshrined on the roof of buildings and within factory sites, which is called Yashiki-gami, the god Inari is worshipped by countless numbers of shrines.
Japanese: 日本にある稲荷神社は2万社とも3万社とも言われており、屋敷神として企業のビルの屋上や工場の敷地内などに祀られているものまで入れると稲荷神を祀る社は無数と言って良いほどの数になる。
English: During the Edo period, there was a vogue phrase that lists things that were abundant in Edo (the old name of Tokyo); fires, quarrels, Iseya (the name of shops), Inari, and dogs' droppings.
Japanese: 江戸時代には、江戸に多い物として「火災喧嘩伊勢屋稲荷にイヌの糞」というはやり言葉があったほどである。
English: Initially, the god was the harvest and agriculture god, but now, it is worshipped as the god of all industries.
Japanese: 本来は穀物・農業の神であるが、現在は産業全般の神として信仰されている。
English: Emperor Kinmei, who ascended to the throne in 539 (or 531), saw a dream when he was a child; in it, he was told that if he gave promotions to a person named "HATA no Otsuchi," he would be surely successful in ruling the country when he grew up.
Japanese: 稲荷大神は欽明天皇が即位（539年または531年）される前のまだ幼少のある日「秦（はた）の大津父（おおつち）という者を登用すれば、大人になった時にかならずや、天下をうまく治めることができる」と言う夢を見た。
English: Soon, he started searching for the person by dispatching envoys to various places, and on the first Day of Uma (the horse, the seventh sign of Chinese zodiac) of February 711, HATA no Iroko (or, Irogu) appeared seated.
Japanese: 早速方々へ使者を遣わして探し求めたことにより、和銅4年（711年）2月(旧暦)初午の日に秦（はたの）伊呂巨（具）（いろこ（ぐ））が鎮座した。
English: According to the article of 'Hata Clan', who accounted for about one-third of the-then naturalized people, King Kotobuo, the descendent of Kobuo, who was thirteen generations away from the first Qin Emperor in China, came to Japan from Paekche (an ancient Korean kingdom), taking with him as many as one-hundred twenty-seven prefectures of the Hata clan in the era of Emperor Chuai, and King Yudu in the era of Emperor Ojin.
Japanese: 諸蕃（渡来および帰化系氏族）のうち約3分の1の多数を占める「秦氏」の項によれば、中国・秦の始皇帝13世孫、孝武王の子孫にあたる功徳王が仲哀天皇の御代に、また融通王が応神天皇の御代に、127県の秦氏を引率して朝鮮半島の百済から帰化したという記録がある。
English: Or they might have come from Kara or Silla; Silla is an ancient Korean kingdom, where survivors from Qin ("秦"), a Chinese dynasty, are believed to have settled as its old alias, "Shinkan" ("秦韓"), signifies "Qin-Korea."
Japanese: しかし、加羅（伽耶）または新羅から来たのではないかとも考えられている（新羅は古く辰韓＝秦韓と呼ばれ秦の遺民が住み着いたとの伝承がある）。
English: Another theory suggests that during the Sixteen Kingdoms period (in China), the imperial family and court nobles from the Former Qin dynasty might have fled to Japan through the Korean peninsula in the middle of a war.
Japanese: また一説には五胡十六国時代に前秦の王族ないし貴族が戦乱の中、朝鮮半島経由で日本にたどり着いたと言う説もある。
English: It is certain that in the era of Emperor Yuryaku, there was a large influx of Toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in Japan) due to the situation in and outside Japan, and among them, the Hata clan, who had excellent skills in weaving silk fabrics, might have played an important role in building a nation under the Ritsuryo codes (criminal, administrative and civil codes).
Japanese: 雄略天皇の御代には、当時の国の内外の事情から、多数の渡来人があったことは事実で、とりわけ秦氏族は、先に見たように絹織物の技に秀でており、後の律令国家建設のために大いに役立ったと思われる。
English: Thanks to their great skills, they were given favorable treatment by the imperial court.
Japanese: 朝廷によって厚遇されていたことがうかがわれるのも、以上の技能を高く買われてのことであろう。
English: In 711, the Hata clan in Fukakusa (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) enshrined the god Inari by building a magnificent shrine in a flat place on the Inarisan-sangamine Mountain, which is located in the middle of the Kyoto-bonchi Basin.
Japanese: こうして深草の秦氏族は、和銅4年（711年）稲荷山三ケ峰の平らな処に稲荷神を奉鎮し、京都盆地を中心にして御神威赫々たる大神を鼎立した。
English: According to their family tree, a younger brother of HATA no Tori, who built the Matsuo-taisya Shrine, is HATA no Iroko (or Irogu), who built the Inari-jinja Shrine; this may suggest that the Hata clan of Fukakusa is a branch family of the Hata clan of Uzumaza (Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 深草の秦氏族は系譜の上で見る限り、太秦の秦氏族、すなわち松尾大社を祀った秦都理《はたのとり》の弟が、稲荷社を祀った秦伊呂巨（具）となっており、いわば分家と考えられていたようだ。
English: The god Inari is considered to be the harvest and agriculture god; "Inari," which is spelled "稲荷" in Chinese characters (with "稲" meaning rice-plants and "荷" baggage), may express a sense of gratitude to Nature for making them grow to the point where farmers can reap them and hang them like baggage ("荷") to dry for harvest.
Japanese: 本来穀物・農業の神とされるが自然の生育に任せ収穫した稲を荷のように架けて乾燥させるまでに生長し、その後は人手で処理できるまでに至ったことの感謝を表しているとも考えられる。
English: There is a town called Tokagi (or Hasakake no ki) in Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture; although the town is spelled "稲荷木" or "稲架掛け" in Chinese characters, it has little to do with the god, and there are many places that carry the name of "稲荷."
Japanese: 稲荷木（とうかぎ）（稲架掛け（はさかけ）の木）と呼ぶ町が千葉県市川市にあり神とは直接結びつかない地名もあり、外部リンクで参照できる｢稲荷｣の付く地名も多い。
English: Let's see whether the following may also suggest that the term "Inari" comes from rice-plants hung like baggage to be dried.
Japanese: また次の点も稲を荷のように架けることが原始ではないかとの考察に値しよう。
English: How is the term "Inari" related to Inari Shrine on Inari-yama Kofun (an ancient mound tomb) in Sakitama Kofun-gun (a group of ancient mound tombs), and when was it built?
Japanese: 埼玉県行田市のさきたま古墳群内、稲荷山古墳上の稲荷社との関連とその時期。
English: Some shrines are not pronounced "Inari" although their names contain the Chinese characters, "稲荷," like "稲荷大明神" in Enryu-ji Temple in Naka Ward, Hiroshima City, which is called "Toka-daimmyojin," and "稲荷神社" in Omuta City, Fukuoka Prefecture, which is called "Toka-jinja Shrine."
Japanese: いなりと呼ばない広島市中区円隆寺境内の稲荷大明神（とうかだいみょうじん）や福岡県大牟田市の稲荷神社（とうか神社）も有る。
English: Inari-style Torii (a type of Shinto shrine archway) and multiple torii that are elected along the approach also expressed a sense of gratitude and prayer for good rice harvest.
Japanese: 構造様式分類として稲荷鳥居(inaritoriiいなりとりい)(JAANUS)や複数の鳥居を連ね稲への感謝や豊作祈願を表した。
English: Inari-gi otoshi is a drainage ditch built around 1850, which flows into the Naka-gawa River.
Japanese: 稲荷木落（いなりぎおとし）、1850年頃（嘉永年間）に出来た中川水系の排水路。
English: The drainage ditch, which runs from Otone-machi, Kitasaitama-gun, Saitama Prefecture through Kurihashi-machi, Kitakatsushika-gun, flowed into the Naka-gawa River on its left side on the border of Arai, Kurihashi-machi Town and Happo 2-chome, Washimiya-machi Town.
Japanese: 埼玉県北埼玉郡大利根町から、北葛飾郡栗橋町を経て栗橋町新井と鷲宮町八甫二丁目の境界で、中川の左岸へ合流する。
English: The headquarters of all the Inari-jinja Shrines across the country is Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine, which is located on the west side and at the foot of Mt. Inari (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: 全国の稲荷神社の総本社は、京都市伏見区の稲荷山の西麓にある伏見稲荷大社である。
English: Initially, the shrine worshipped the god of the Hata clan, a powerful clan who had ruled the Kyoto district, and its extant Shake (a family of Shinto priests serving a shrine on a hereditary basis) is the Onishi family.
Japanese: 元々は京都一帯の豪族・秦氏の氏神であり、現存する旧社家は大西家である。
English: Azumamaro KADA, who was born to the Hakura family whose profession was the priest of an Inari Shrine, laid a foundation for the research of classic Japanese literature, Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), by developing Kinsei Kokugaku (also called "Wagaku") (the study of pre-modern Japanese literature and culture).
Japanese: （荷田春満は，稲荷社祠官，羽倉家の生まれで，僧契沖に始まる近世国学（和学　倭学）を発展させて，「万葉集，古事記，日本書紀」研究の基礎を作った。
English: KAMO no Mabuchi was one of his disciples, who was followed by Norinaga MOTOORI and Atsutane HIRATA; the four were called "The Four Master of Kokugaku".
Japanese: 門下に賀茂真淵がおり，続く本居宣長，平田篤胤と共に，国家の四大人といわれた。）
English: "Yamashiro no kuni fudoki" (a description of the climate and culture of Yamashiro Province, already lost) contains the following story about how the Inari-jinja Shrine came into existence;
Japanese: 『山城国風土記』逸文には、伊奈利社（稲荷社）の縁起として次のような話がある。
English: The ancestor of the Hata clan, Irogu no Hata no kimi, who was affluent and arrogant, tried to shoot an arrow, using a sticky rice cake as the target.
Japanese: 秦氏の祖先である伊呂具の秦公（いろぐのはたのきみ）は、富裕に驕って餅を的にした。
English: Irogu no Hata no kimi, who went over to the rice-plants, repented all the mistakes he had made in the past, pulled them up by their roots, and replanted them in his house to worship them.
Japanese: 伊呂具の秦公はその稲の元へ行き、過去の過ちを悔いて、そこの木を根ごと抜いて屋敷に植え、それを祀ったという。
English: "Ine-nari" (rice has ripened) changed to "inari," to which the Chinese character "稲荷" was applied.
Japanese: また、稲生り（いねなり）が転じて「イナリ」となり「稲荷」の字が宛てられた。
English: When the capital was transferred to Kyoto, the Hata clan who had ruled the region gained political power, causing worship for the god Inari to prevail.
Japanese: 都が平安京に遷都されると、元々この地を基盤としていた秦氏が政治的な力を持ち、それにより稲荷神が広く信仰されるようになった。
English: When To-ji Temple was built, the Hata clan provided lumber from its own Mt. Inari, causing the god Inari to be worshipped as the guardian deity of To-ji Temple.
Japanese: さらに、東寺建造の際に秦氏が稲荷山から木材を提供したことで、稲荷神は東寺の守護神とされるようになった。
English: According to "Nijunisha honen", Kukai (a Japanese monk, scholar, poet, and artist, founder of the Shingon or "True Word" school of Buddhism) directly asked the god Inari to be his guardian deity.
Japanese: 『二十二社本縁』では空海が稲荷神と直接交渉して守護神になってもらったと書かれている。
English: At Toji Temple, The god Inari merged with Dakiniten (an Indian female deity, Dakini) of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism, which helped the worship of the god Inari that had encompassed the concept of Dakiniten spread, as Shingon Sect also spread across the country.
Japanese: 東寺では、真言密教における荼枳尼天（だきにてん、インドの女神ダーキニー）に稲荷神を習合させ、真言宗が全国に布教されるとともに、荼枳尼天の概念も含んだ状態の稲荷信仰が全国に広まることとなった。
English: Dakiniten had been seen as a kind of yaksha (Buddhist guardian deities sometimes depicted as demonic warriors) or rakshasa (type of evil spirit), and in the middle ages, it was thought to be identical to Reiko (a creature believed to live somewhere between the human and spiritual worlds).
Japanese: 荼枳尼天は人を食らう夜叉、または、羅刹の一種で、中世には霊孤と同一の存在とみなされた。
English: As the god Inari is the rice god, it became associated with Ukanomitama no Mikoto, the food god, who later merged with other food gods.
Japanese: 稲の神であることから食物神の宇迦之御魂神と同一視され、後に他の食物神も習合した。
English: During the middle ages, when commerce and industry became more prosperous, the god Inari, who had initially been the agriculture god, became the god of all the mighty, merging the gods of commerce, industry, and residence, and was believed to bring happiness and fortunes to people; new Inari-jinja Shrines were built one after another by transferring the god Inari from a Inari-jinja Shrine not only in farming villages but also in the communities of traders and samurai.
Japanese: 中世以降、工業・商業が盛んになってくると、稲荷神は農業神から工業神・商業神・屋敷神など福徳開運の万能の神ともされるようになり、農村だけでなく町家や武家にも盛んに勧請されるようになった。
English: When the Meiji government separated Shinto and Buddhism, many Inari-jinja Shrines chose to worship gods that appear in Japanese mythology, like Ukanomitama no Mikoto, but some became Buddhist temples, that worship Dakiniten.
Japanese: 明治の神仏分離の際、多くの稲荷社は宇迦之御魂神などの神話に登場する神を祀る神社になったが、一部は荼枳尼天を本尊とする寺になった。
English: People interpreted "Miketsu no Kami" as 'three fox gods' as "Mi" means 'three,' "ketsu" used to mean 'fox,' and "no Kami" means 'gods,' causing the fox to be thought as an envoy or a relative of a deity.
Japanese: キツネの古名を「けつ」と言い、御饌津神を「三狐神」と解して、狐が稲荷神の神使、あるいは眷属であるとされた。
English: This misunderstanding occurred before or after the Edo period under the influence of folk beliefs or Hayari-gami (beliefs that had temporarily prevailed, seeking for worldly benefits).
Japanese: 「稲荷神＝狐」と誤解されるようになったのは、江戸時代前後からといわれ、俗信や流行神（はやりがみ）という、一過性に流行るご利益信仰の影響からと考えられている。
English: Kinko (golden foxes) and Ginko (silver foxes), which are a type of Yoko (foxes which have mysterious power to bewitch humans), are believed to be akin to Dakiniten, while foxes enshrined in Inari-jinja Shrine are mostly white.
Japanese: また妖狐の中の金狐・銀狐（きんこ・ぎんこ）はダキニ天の眷属と考えられているほか、稲荷神社に祀られている狐の多くは白狐（びゃっこ）である。
English: In front of an Inari-jinja Shrine, the statue of foxes, instead of Komainu (guardian lion-dogs at a Shinto shrine), are usually placed, that have jewels in their mouths.
Japanese: 稲荷神社の前には狛犬の代わりに宝玉をくわえた狐の像が置かれる例が多い。
English: Unlike other Shinto shrines, at Inari-jinja Shrines, sake, red rice (sticky rice cocked with red beans for auspicious occasions), and fried tofu are offered; fried tofu are believed to be foxes' favorite, causing dishes cooked with the fried tofu to be called "Inari."
Japanese: 他の祭神とは違い稲荷神には神酒・赤飯の他に狐の好物とされる油揚げが供えられ、ここから油揚げを使った料理を稲荷と称するようになった。
English: This is because the god enshrined in the Fushimi Inari-jinja Shrine is believed to have descended on the first Day of Uma of 711.
Japanese: これは、伏見稲荷神社の祭神が降りたのが和銅4年（711年）2月の初午であったからと言われる。
English: In Tokyo, to cerebrate the festival, jiguchi-andon (paper-enclosed lanterns) with a jiguchi (pun) and a matching picture drawn on them, are hung along streets.
Japanese: これに際し東京では、行灯に地口とそれに合わせた絵を描いた地口行灯を街頭に飾ることがある。