nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Since January 1964, the office has been set in Japanese Literature Department lab, School of Literature, Tsurumi University, which is located in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
Japanese: 1964年（昭和39年）1月より事務局が神奈川県横浜市鶴見区(横浜市)にある鶴見大学文学部日本文学科研究室に置かれている。
English: The academy holds lecture meetings, supports a play based on "The Tale of Genji" and publishes the following periodicals:
Japanese: 講演会を実施したり源氏物語を題材にした演劇の上演を後援したりしているほか以下の出版物を刊行している。
English: The bulletin "Murasaki" was published every month before World War II (August 1934 - June 1944), and has been published annually after the war era (since 1962).
Japanese: 機関誌『むらさき』戦前（1934年（昭和9年）8月～1944年（昭和19年）6月）は月刊、戦後版（1962年（昭和37年）～）は年刊
English: The collection of academic papers "Studies and Data Traditional Literature Article" has been published by Musashinoshoin annually since June 1969.
Japanese: 論文集『研究と資料　古代文学論叢』1969年（昭和44年）6月～年刊　武蔵野書院より刊行
English: Takauji ASHIKAGA (1305-58) was a general from the late Kamakura period to the Northern and Southern Courts period.
Japanese: 足利尊氏（あしかがたかうじ、1305年-1358年）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代(日本)の武将。
English: In 1333, when the Emperor Go-Daigo had raised an army at Mt. Senjosan in Hoki Province, Takauji, the powerful vassal of the Kamakura shogunate, was sent to Kyoto leading the main armies of the shogunate to put down the rebellion, but he switched sides and gathered an army against the shogunate at Shinomura Hachimangu in Tamba Province to capture Rokuhara Tandai.
Japanese: 元弘3年に後醍醐天皇が伯耆船上山で挙兵した際、鎌倉幕府の有力御家人として幕府軍を率いて上洛したが、丹波篠村八幡宮で反幕府の兵を挙げ、六波羅探題を滅ぼした。
English: His achievements were evaluated by Emperor Go-Daigo, and he was awarded the letter (尊), which came from the emperor's real name Takaharu (尊治), so he changed the letter in his name from "高氏" to "尊氏".
Japanese: 幕府滅亡の勲功第一とされ、後醍醐天皇の諱・尊治（たかはる）の御一字を賜り、名を尊氏に改める。
English: While the despotic Kenmu restoration by Emperor Go-Daigo had been losing support, Takauji traveled to the east to suppress the Nakasendai Rebellion, and stayed in Kamakura to try to build his own government.
Japanese: 後醍醐専制による建武の新政が次第に支持を失っていく中、東下して中先代の乱を鎮圧した後、鎌倉に留まり独自の政権を樹立する構えを見せた。
English: Because of this, the relationship between Takauji and the imperial court came to an impasse, and he returned to Kyoto, driving the Emperor Go-Daigo out to Mt. Hiei. However, the Emperor's army made a counterattack and Takauji fled to Kyushu temporarily.
Japanese: これにより朝廷との関係が悪化し、上洛して一時は後醍醐を比叡山へ追いやったが、後醍醐勢力の反攻により一旦は九州へ落ち延びる。
English: He reentered Kyoto and established a new samurai government called the Muromachi Shogunate, being appointed Seii Taishogun by Grand Emperor (Retired Emperor) Kogon and Emperor Komyo.
Japanese: 九州から再び上洛し、光厳上皇および光明天皇から征夷大将軍に補任され新たな武家政権（＝室町幕府）を開いた。
English: After he established the Muromachi Shogunate, he and his brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA divided power between them, but in later years discord between them increased until the Kanno Disturbance.
Japanese: 幕府を開いた後は弟・足利直義と二頭政治を布いたが、後に直義と対立し観応の擾乱へと発展する。
English: The disturbance subsided with the death of Tadayoshi, but even after that Takauji had to keep fighting against his enemies, such as the Southern Court forces, to maintain his government.
Japanese: 直義の死により乱は終息したが、その後も南朝など反幕勢力の平定を継続し、統治の安定に努めた。
English: After Emperor Go-Daigo died, Takauji built Tenryu-ji Temple to pray for the dead.
Japanese: 後醍醐が崩御（死去）した後はその菩提を弔うため天竜寺を建立している。
English: Because of his rebellion against the emperor, people had branded him as a traitor since the Meiji era, but after World War II they began to look at him more positively, which illustrates how much the historical point of view affects the way we look at the people in history.
Japanese: （後醍醐）天皇に叛旗を翻したことから明治以降は逆賊として位置づけられていたが、第二次大戦後は肯定的に再評価されているように、歴史観の変遷によってその人物像が大きく変化している。
English: There are 3 presumptions about his birthplace: Ayabe (Uesugisho in Ayabe City, Kyoto), Kamakura and Ashikagano sho (Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture).
Japanese: 生誕地は、綾部説（漢部とも。京都府綾部市上杉荘）、鎌倉説、足利荘説（栃木県足利市）の3説がある。
English: "Nan-Taiheiki" says that when Takauji was given his first bath, two turtledoves flew in; one perched on his shoulder, and the other on the dipper.
Japanese: 『難太平記』は尊氏が出生して産湯につかった際、2羽の山鳩が飛んできて1羽は尊氏の肩にとまり1羽は柄杓にとまったという伝説を伝えている。
English: On October 10th, 1319, his coming-of-age ceremony (Genpuku) was held at age 15, and he was appointed Jibutaifu of the Fifth Rank, Junior Grade, and given the name Takauji by the regent Takatoki HOJO.
Japanese: 元応元年(1319年)10月10日、15歳のとき元服し従五位下治部大輔に補任されるとともに、幕府執権・北条高時の偏諱を賜り高氏と名乗った。
English: Takauji's father Sadauji and his official wife Shakado, daughter of Akitoki HOJO, had the first son Takayoshi ASHIKAGA, but he died early and Takauji succeeded to his father.
Japanese: 父・貞氏とその正室・釈迦堂（北条顕時の娘）との間に長男・足利高義がいたが、早世したため高氏が家督を相続することとなった。
English: According to "Nan-Taiheiki", Ietoki ASHIKAGA, Takauji's grandfather, killed himself with his sword, praying that the Ashikaga clan may rule over the whole country in 3 generations.
Japanese: 『難太平記』によれば、尊氏の祖父・足利家時が三代のちに足利氏が天下を取る事を願って自刃したとされている。
English: In 1331, Emperor Go-Daigo plotted the overthrow of the shogunate again and raised an army at Kasagi (Genko Incident).
Japanese: 元弘元年（1331年）、後醍醐天皇が二度目の倒幕を企図し、笠置で挙兵した（元弘の変）。
English: The Kamakura shogunate ordered Takauji, who had been a powerful vassal, to help the shogunate, and he joined the battles at Kasagi where the emperor was based and at Shimoakasaka Castle in which Masashige KUSUNOKI was based.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府は有力御家人である高氏に派兵を命じ、高氏は天皇の拠る笠置と楠木正成の拠る下赤坂城の攻撃に参加する。
English: The incident had taken place just after his father's death, so Takauji at first had refused his help to the shogunate, but the Kamakura shogunate took his wife and children as hostages to make Takauji follow its order.
Japanese: このとき、父・貞氏が没した直後であり高氏は派兵を辞退するが、幕府は妻子を人質として重ねて派兵を命じた。
English: According to "Koten-Taiheiki," because of this Takauji began to harbor hostility toward the shogunate.
Japanese: 『古典太平記』は、これにより高氏が幕府に反感を持つようになったと記す。
English: As a result of the attack against the emperor made by the shogunate, the emperor and his followers such as Toshimoto HINO and Enkan were captured, and the following year Emperor Go-Daigo was exiled to Oki Islands (Genko Rebellion).
Japanese: 幕府軍の攻撃の結果、天皇をはじめとして倒幕計画に関わった日野俊基・円観などの公家や僧侶が多数、幕府に捕縛され、天皇は翌年隠岐島に流された（元弘の乱）。
English: In the following year, Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from Oki Islands, and raised an army at Mt. Senjosan.
Japanese: 翌元弘3年/正慶2年（1333年）後醍醐天皇は隠岐島を脱出して船上山に篭城した。
English: Takauji was ordered to reenter Kyoto with Takaie NAGOE to put down the rebellion in the west.
Japanese: 高氏は再び幕命を受け、西国の討幕勢力を鎮圧するために名越高家とともに上洛した。
English: Takaie was killed by Norimura AKAMATSU, which made Takauji decide to side with the emperor. On April 29th of the same year, he raised an army against the shogunate at Shinomura Hachimangu (present Kameoka City, Kyoto) in Tamba Province.
Japanese: 名越高家が赤松則村に討たれたことを機として、後醍醐天皇の綸旨を受けていた高氏は天皇方につくことを決意し、同年4月29日、所領の丹波国篠村八幡宮（京都府亀岡市）で反幕府の兵を挙げた。
English: Takauji gathered forces from various provinces, and entered Kyoto followed by vassals such as Doyo SASAKI from Omi Province, and then succeeded in destroying Rokuhara Tandai on May 7th, 1333.
Japanese: 諸国に多数の軍勢催促状を発し、近江国の佐々木道誉などの御家人を従えて入京し、同年5月7日に六波羅探題を滅亡させた。
English: At about the same time, Yoshisada NITTA, vassal of Kozuke Province, also gathered an army, and destroyed the shogunate, taking Takauji's heir Senjuo (later called Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), who had escaped from Kamakura, with him.
Japanese: 同時期に上野国の御家人である新田義貞も挙兵しており、高氏の嫡子で鎌倉から脱出した千寿王（後の足利義詮）を奉じて鎌倉へ進軍し、幕府を滅亡させた。
English: After the Kamakura shogunate was crumbled, Takauji ordered Kazuuji HOSOKAWA, Yoriharu HOSOKAWA and Morouji HOSOKAWA to make Yoshisada NITTA return to Kyoto, and let the Ashikaga clan rule Kamakura.
Japanese: 高氏は鎌倉陥落後に細川和氏・細川頼春・細川師氏の兄弟を派遣して義貞を上洛させ、鎌倉を足利方に掌握させている。
English: After the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, Emperor Go-Daigo considered Takauji's work to be commendable, and gave him the ranks of Chinjufu Shogun and Sahyoe no Kami with the courtly title of Fourth Rank, Junior Grade, along with 30 plots of land.
Japanese: 鎌倉幕府の滅亡後、高氏は後醍醐天皇から勲功第一とされ、鎮守府将軍および従四位下左兵衛督に任ぜられ、またに30箇所の所領を与えられた。
English: Under the Kenmu administration, Takauji left politics and let KO no Moronao, the regent of the Ashikaga clan, and KO no Moroyasu engage in politics, while he made his brother Tadayoshi the regent of the Kamakura Shogunfu.
Japanese: 尊氏は建武政権では政治の中枢からはなれており、足利家の執事職である高師直・高師泰兄弟などを送り込み、弟・足利直義を鎌倉将軍府執権とした。
English: There are two interpretations of Takauji's behavior; one is that it was Emperor Go-Daigo who made Takauji leave politics, and the other is that it was Takauji who tried to keep away from the government.
Japanese: これには後醍醐天皇が尊氏を敬遠したとする見方と、尊氏自身が政権と距離を置いたとする見方とがある。
English: There is also a different presumption that Takauji intended to establish the new government in Kamakura.
Japanese: また、征夷大将軍の宣下を受け、鎌倉に幕府を開く意図があったとする説もある。
English: While Emperor Go-Daigo appointed Akiie KITABATAKE as Chinjufu Shogun and made him take Prince Noriyoshi (later called Emperor GO-Murakami) to Oshu in order to pacify the place, Takauji made Tadayoshi lead young Prince Narinaga (Nariyoshi) down to Kamakura.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇が北畠顕家を鎮守府将軍に任じて幼い義良親王（後の後村上天皇）を奉じさせて奥州鎮定に向かわせると、尊氏は直義に幼い成良親王を奉じさせ鎌倉へ下向させている。
English: Emperor Go-Daigo's son Prince Morinaga, who also coveted the title of Seii Taishogun, gradually came to rival Takauji, and plotted to assassinate him, but Takauji's security was so tight that he failed to do it.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇の皇子であり同じく征夷大将軍職を望んでいた護良親王は尊氏と対立し、尊氏暗殺を試みるが尊氏側の警護が厳重で果たせなかった。
English: In 1334, Takauji captured and confined Prince Morinaga, who was in conflict with the emperor too, to Tadayoshi's place in Kamakura, conspiring with the emperor's mistress Yasuko (Kadoko) ANO, who wanted to make her son Prince Tsunenaga (Tsuneyoshi) a crown prince.
Japanese: 建武(日本)元年（1334年）、尊氏は、実子恒良親王を皇太子としたい後醍醐天皇の寵姫阿野廉子と結び、後醍醐天皇とも確執していた護良親王を捕縛し鎌倉の直義のもとに幽閉させる。
English: In 1335, Nakasendai Rebellion was raised in Shinano Province by the survivors of the HOJO clan, taking Tokiyuki HOJO, bereaved son of Takatoki HOJO, with them, and Tokiyuki's army occupied Kamakura temporarily.
Japanese: 建武2年（1335年）に信濃国で、北条高時の遺児北条時行を擁立した北条氏残党の反乱である中先代の乱が起こり、時行軍は鎌倉を一時占拠する。
English: Takauji requested that Emperor Go-Daigo appoint him Seii Taishogun only to be rejected, so he marched to Kamakura without emperor's permission on August 2nd of the same year, which made Emperor Go-Daigo reluctantly appoint him as Seito Taishogun.
Japanese: 尊氏は後醍醐天皇に征夷大将軍の官を望むが得られず、同年8月2日、勅状を得ないまま鎌倉へ進発し、後醍醐天皇はやむなく征東大将軍の号を与えた。
English: Tadayoshi's army, joined by Takauji, defeated Tokiyuki HOJO at the Battle of Sagamigawa and regained Kamakura on the 19th of the same month.
Japanese: 尊氏は直義の兵と合流し相模川の戦いで時行を駆逐して、同月19日には鎌倉を回復した。
English: With Tadayoshi's approval, Takauji established a base in Kamakura and began to allot lands to his followers, ignoring the emperor's command to return to Kyoto, and he tried to establish his own samurai government.
Japanese: 直義の意向もあって尊氏はそのまま鎌倉に本拠を置き、独自に恩賞を与え始め京都からの上洛の命令を拒み、独自の武家政権創始の動きを見せ始めた。
English: In November, Takauji suggested to the emperor that Yoshisada NITTA was an enemy of the imperial court and should be killed, but on the contrary the emperor ordered Yoshisada to kill Takauji, making Yoshisada take Prince Takanaga (Takayoshi) to Kamakura along Tokaido.
Japanese: 同年11月、尊氏は新田義貞を君側の奸であるとして後醍醐天皇にその討伐を上奏するが、後醍醐天皇は逆に義貞に尊良親王を奉じさせて尊氏討伐を命じ、東海道を鎌倉へ向かわせた。
English: Besides that, Akiie KITABATAKE began to go down to Kyoto from Oshu, so Takauji declared his retirement to get a reprieve. However, once the Ashikaga side, including Tadayoshi and KO no Moronao, began to lose at various provinces such as Mikawa, Takauji decided to revolt against the Kenmu government.
Japanese: さらに奥州からは北畠顕家も南下を始めており、尊氏は赦免を求めて隠居を宣言するが、直義・高師直などの足利方が三河国など各地で敗れはじめると、尊氏は建武政権に叛旗を翻すことを決意する。
English: In December of the same year, Takauji defeated Nitta's army at the Battle of Hakone Take no Shita, and advanced his army up to Kyoto.
Japanese: 同年12月、尊氏は新田軍を箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで破り、京都へ進軍を始めた。
English: During that time, Takauji secretly made contact with Emperor Kogon of the Jimyo-in line to justify his entering Kyoto.
Japanese: この間、尊氏は持明院統の光厳天皇へ連絡を取り、京都進軍の正統性を得る工作をしている。
English: Shortly thereafter, Takauji was attacked in Kyoto by the armies of Akiie KITABATAKE, Masashige KUSUNOKI and Yoshisada NITTA from Oshu, and he gave up Kyoto, accepting Enshin AKAMATSU's advice to leave for Kyushu.
Japanese: しかしほどなくして奥州から上洛した北畠顕家と楠木正成・新田義貞の攻勢に会った尊氏は同年2月、京都を放棄して赤松円心の進言を容れて九州に下った。
English: On his way down to Kyushu, Yoshinao (Yorihisa) SHONI came to meet him at Akamagaseki, Nagato Province (present Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture), and he was supported by Ujinori MUNAKATA, the chief priest of Munakata Taisha Shrine in Munakata, Chikuzen Province.
Japanese: 九州への西下途上、長門国赤間関（山口県下関市）で少弐頼尚に迎えられ、筑前国宗像の宗像大社宮司宗像氏範の支援を受ける。
English: In the beginning of March, after visiting Munakata Taisha, Takauji defeated Taketoshi KIKUCHI (Emperor Go-Daigo's side) at the Battle of Tatarahama (present Fukuoka City), and on his way up to Kyoto, he got Emperor Kogon's order and immediately gathered western warriors.
Japanese: 宗像大社参拝後の3月初旬、筑前多々良浜（福岡市東区(福岡市)）での多々良浜の戦いにおいて後醍醐天皇方の菊池武敏を破り勢力を立て直した尊氏は、京に上る途中で光厳上皇の院宣を獲得し、西国の武士を急速に傘下に集めて再び東上した。
English: He smashed the armies of Yoshisada NITTA and Masashige KUSUNOKI at the Battle of Minatogawa on April 25th of the same year, and seized Kyoto again in June.
Japanese: 同年4月25日の湊川の戦いで新田義貞・楠木正成の軍を破り、同年6月、京都を再び制圧した。
English: Takauji attempted a reconciliation with Emperor Go-Daigo, who had been at Mt. Hiei, to save face for the emperor.
Japanese: 京へ入った尊氏は、比叡山に逃れていた後醍醐天皇の顔を立てる形での和議を申し入れた。
English: Emperor Go-Daigo, accepting Takauji's offer, transferred the Imperial Regalia of Japan to Emperor Komyo, a younger brother of Grand Emperor Kogon, and right after that, on November 7th, Takauji declared the opening of a new samurai government, setting the Kenmu Shikimoku in order to show the basic policy of his government to his people.
Japanese: 和議に応じた後醍醐天皇は同年11月2日に光厳上皇の弟光明天皇に神器を譲り、その直後の11月7日、尊氏は建武式目十七条を定めて政権の基本方針を示し、新たな武家政権の成立を宣言した。
English: Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from Kyoto to Yoshino (present Yoshino-cho, Yoshino-gun, Nara Prefecture) taking the Imperial Regalia of Japan with him in December, and announced that the transferred regalia were fake, so he established Yoshino Imperial Court (=Southern Court).
Japanese: 一方、後醍醐天皇は同年12月に三種の神器を帯して京都を脱出して吉野（奈良県吉野郡吉野町）へ逃れ、光明に譲った神器は偽であると宣言して吉野朝廷を開いた。
English: In 1338, Takauji was appointed Seii Taishogun (reigned 1338-58) by Emperor Komyo, which meant that an actual samurai government later called Muromachi Shogunate was established.
Japanese: 延元3年/暦応元年（1338年）、尊氏は光明天皇から征夷大将軍に任じられ（在職1338年-1358年）、ここに、後に室町幕府と呼ばれることになる武家政権が名実ともに成立した。
English: In the following year, when Emperor Go-Daigo passed away in Yoshino, Takauji began to found Tenryu-ji temple to pray for the soul of the dead emperor.
Japanese: 翌年、後醍醐天皇が吉野で死去すると、尊氏は慰霊のために天龍寺造営を開始した。
English: Under the new government, Takauji gave Tadayoshi a post as administrative leader and he himself became the leader of the house vassals.
Japanese: 新政権において、尊氏は政務を直義に任せ、自らは武士の棟梁として君臨した。
English: Shin'ichi Sato called such conditions diarchy by Takauji, who held a military power in the lord-and-vassal relationship, and Tadayoshi, who controlled the judicial functions of the regime, in his essay 'Muromachi Bakufu' in "Iawanami Koza Nihon Rekishi vol.7" (Iawanami Publishing, 1963) and explained that the potentiality of the shogun's dual power which had continued since Kamakura Shogunate, came to appear.
Japanese: 佐藤進一は「室町幕府論」（『岩波講座日本歴史7』、岩波書店、1963）において、この状態を、主従制的支配権を握る尊氏と統治権的支配権を所管する直義との両頭政治であり、鎌倉幕府以来、将軍が有していた権力の二元性が具現したものと評価した。
English: The dual power gradually led to a conflict between anti-Tadayoshi group represented by KO no Moronao, and the Tadayoshi group in the government.
Japanese: 二元化した権力は徐々に幕府内部の対立を呼び起こしていき、高師直らの反直義派と直義派の対立として現れていく。
English: In 1349, Moronao demanded Tadayoshi's retirement from politics, surrounding Takauji's castle in which Tadayoshi had sheltered.
Japanese: 正平(日本)4年/貞和5年（1349年）、襲撃を受けた直義が逃げ込んだ尊氏邸を師直の兵が包囲し、直義の引退を求める事件が発生した。
English: Tadayoshi became a priest and lost his power, but it is said that Moronao and Takauji made an arrangement to exclude Tadayoshi.
Japanese: 直義は出家し政務を退くこととなったが、直義の排除には師直・尊氏の間で了解があり、積極的に意図されていたとする説がある。
English: While Takauji called back his heir Yoshiakira from Kamakura to put him in charge of political affairs instead of Tadayoshi, he sent his second son Motouji ASHIKAGA to Kamakura in return and set the Kamakurafu to rule the eastern provinces, appointing Motouji Kamakura kubo.
Japanese: 尊氏は直義に代わって政務を担当させるため嫡男義詮を鎌倉から呼び戻し、代わりに次男足利基氏を下して鎌倉公方とし、東国統治のための鎌倉府を設置した。
English: After Tadayoshi's retreat, Takauji's illegitimate son - also Tadayoshi's adopted son - Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA was enlarging his power as a member of the Tadayoshi faction in Kyushu, so Takauji made an expedition to Chugoku District to kill Tadafuyu in 1350.
Japanese: 直義の引退後、尊氏庶子で直義猶子の足利直冬が九州で直義派として勢力を拡大していたため、正平5年/観応元年（1350年）、尊氏は直冬討伐のために中国地方へ遠征した。
English: Then Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto and sided with the Southern Court, followed by a few of the devoted military commanders such as Tadatsune MOMONOI and Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA.
Japanese: すると直義は京都を脱出して南朝方に付き、桃井直常、畠山国清ら一部の譜代の武将たちもこれに従った。
English: When Tadayoshi's army grew stronger, Yoshiakira became powerless and fled from Kyoto. Takauji was also defeated by Tadayoshi's army at Uchidehama in Settsu Province (present Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Japanese: 直義の勢力が強大になると、義詮は劣勢となって京を脱出し、尊氏も直義に摂津国打出浜（兵庫県西宮市）で敗れた。
English: Takauji sought reconciliation with Tadayoshi on condition that the KO brothers would become priests, and they came to an agreement in 1351.
Japanese: 尊氏は高兄弟の出家を条件に直義と和睦し、正平6年/観応2年（1351年）に和議が成立した。
English: Takauji and Yoshiakira marched to Harima Province on the ostensible purpose to put down the revolt plotted by Doyo SASAKI and Sokuyu (Norisuke) AKAMATSU, but in reality they attempted a reconciliation with the Southern Court, conspiring to kill Tadayoshi and Tadafuyu.
Japanese: 尊氏・義詮は佐々木道誉や赤松則祐の謀反を名目として近江・播磨へ出陣し、実際には直義・直冬追討を企てて南朝方と和睦交渉を行なった。
English: At the same time, Takauji chased Tadayoshi along the Tokaido, and defeated him at the battles of Mt. Satsutamayama in Suruga Province (present-day Shimizu Ward, Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Hayakawajiri in Sagami Province (present-day Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture). Takauji captured Tadayoshi and confined him in Kamakura.
Japanese: 平行して尊氏は直義を追って東海道を進み、駿河薩捶山（静岡県静岡市清水区）、相模早川尻（神奈川県小田原市）などでの戦闘で撃ち破り、直義を捕らえて鎌倉に幽閉した。
English: Soon after Tadayoshi's death, being attacked by the Southern Court forces represented by Prince Muneyoshi, Yoshioki NITTA, Yoshimune NITTA and Tokiyuki HOJO, Takauji retreated to Musashi Province, but soon returned to Kyoto to defeat the Southern forces.
Japanese: その直後に宗良親王、新田義興・新田義宗、北条時行などの南朝方から襲撃された尊氏は武蔵国へ退却するが、すぐさま反撃し関東の南朝勢力を制圧すると、京都へ戻った。
English: In 1354, Kyoto was retaken by the Southern Court temporarily, but taken back by Takauji the following year.
Japanese: 正平9年/文和3年（1354年）にも京都を南朝に一時奪われるが、翌年奪還した。
English: He plotted to kill Tadafuyu, but died of a tumor on his back at the palace of Made'nokoji in Nijo, Kyoto, on April 30th, 1358.
Japanese: 尊氏は自ら直冬討伐を企てるが、正平13年/延文3年4月30日（1358年）、背中に出来た癰（よう、腫物）のため、京都二条万里小路邸にて死去した。
English: According to "Baishoron," Takauji regretted having turned against Emperor Go-Daigo, and he for a while he was talking about becoming a priest. In the heat of battle he also talked about killing himself, so Shin'ichi SATO took these descriptions into consideration, and presumed that Takauji might have been a manic depressive.
Japanese: 『梅松論』などによると、尊氏は後醍醐に背いて朝敵となったことを悔やんで一時は出家を宣言したり、合戦で苦戦した際には切腹すると言い出すなどの記述があり、佐藤進一は尊氏を躁鬱病ではないかと推測している。
English: Takauji's close friend Soseki MUSO described Takauji as a man of virtue in his writing.
Japanese: 個人的に親交のあった夢窓疎石は、尊氏の徳を評価した文章を残している。
English: Takauji was willing to allot lands to his military commanders, which is considered one of the reasons why he was always supported by them when he was in difficult situations.
Japanese: 尊氏は傘下の武将たちへの恩賞を惜しむことがなく、そのことが苦境に立たされても常に武将たちの支持が得られた理由だとする見解もある。
English: It was the Mitogaku originated by Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA that started to consider Takauji as a traitor in the Edo period.
Japanese: 尊氏を逆賊とする評価は、江戸時代に徳川光圀が創始した水戸学に始まる。
English: Mitogaku was strongly influenced by Shushigaku Meibunron, and emphasized the validity of the Imperial line.
Japanese: 水戸学は朱子学名分論の影響を強く受けており、皇統の正統性を重視していた。
English: Because of this, Takauji, who exiled the authentic emperor (Go-Daigo), was described in a negative way as a traitor.
Japanese: そのため、正統な天皇（後醍醐天皇）を放逐した尊氏は逆賊として否定的に描かれることとなった。
English: Mitogaku's view of Takauji was inherited by the later generations, and in the late Tokugawa period when Sonno-Joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarian) culminated, the heads of wooden statues of Takauji, Yoshiakira and Yoshimitsu (ASHIKAGA) in Toji-in were pilloried.
Japanese: 水戸学に発する尊氏観はその後も継承され、尊王思想が高まった幕末期には尊皇攘夷論者によって等持院の尊氏・義詮・義満3代の木像が梟首される事件も発生している。
English: After the Meiji period, the Meiji government sought to establish a nation-state which set the emperor in the center of the nation. This produced a nationalistic view of history, which justified Taisei Hokan and Osei Fukko, and so the Taika Reforms, Kenmu no Chuko (=Kenmu restoration) and Meiji Restoration were ranked as the most important reforms.
Japanese: 明治時代になると、明治政府の立場から天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史観が構築されていったが、それは大政奉還・王政復古を正当化する歴史観であり、そのため大化の改新・建武の中興・明治維新が最も重要な改革に位置づけられた。
English: Until mid Meiji period, source-based study of modern history did not emphasize the validity of Emperor Go-Daigo (the Southern Court), but at around 1907 40 when the Nanbokucho Seijunron arose, the validity of Emperor Go-Daigo came to be stressed, creating a negative evaluation of Takauji.
Japanese: 明治中期までは近代的歴史学による実証的研究から後醍醐天皇・南朝の正統性はそれほど強調されていなかったが、明治40年代に入り、南北朝正閏論を経て、後醍醐天皇・南朝の正統性が強く主張されていき、それに伴って尊氏に対する否定的な評価が確定することとなった。
English: According to an authorized textbook written before WWII, Takauji was "a traitor who released an arrow against the Emperor", and Kumakichi NAKAJIMA, a member of the Makoto SAITO Cabinet, was forced to retire because he had praised Takauji in his writing.
Japanese: 戦前の国定教科書には「天皇に弓を引いた逆臣」と書かれており、斎藤実内閣の中島久万吉商工大臣が尊氏を礼賛した文章を書いたために辞任する事件も起こった。
English: After WWII, the nationalistic view of history became obsolete, and the source-based study of history made progress on reevaluating Takauji.
Japanese: 戦後になると、国家主義的な歴史観が大きく後退し実証主義的な歴史研究が進展したことに伴い、尊氏の再評価が進められた。
English: Sato's interpretation of Takauji as a ruler in the lord-and-vassal relationship was one example, which afforded an opportunity to develop a study of the samurai government.
Japanese: 佐藤進一による主従制的支配者としての尊氏の評価はその一例であり、これは武家政権に関する研究が大きく進展する契機となった。
English: In today's historical study, nobody interprets Takauji as a traitor any more, and the process of Takauji's becoming a traitor sometimes can be a theme of historical study.
Japanese: 現代の歴史研究において、尊氏を逆賊とする見解は存在せず、むしろ尊氏が逆賊となるまでの経過が歴史研究の一テーマになることもある。
English: "Shihon Taiheiki" written by Eiji YOSHIKAWA in the late 1950s had Takauji as a main character, and was accepted by many readers, which suggested that not only the political but also the cultural view of Takauji had shifted very much compared with that before WWII.
Japanese: 文化面においても、吉川英治が昭和30年代に書いた『私本太平記』は尊氏を主人公としているが読者に広く受け入れられており、尊氏への評価が戦前のものから大きく変化していることがわかる。
English: "Kibamusha zo" (a portrait of warrior on the horse back), preserved in the Kyoto National Museum, was generally known as a portrait of Takauji, but is now considered to be a portrait of KO no Moronao, the regent of the Ashikaga clan, or that of KO no Moroakira, son of Moronao. It's because there's a decorative signature of the 2nd shogun Yoshiakira on the upper part of the body, and the family crest of the two rings described on the warrior's harness was not the Ashikaga family's, but the KO family's.
Japanese: 京都国立博物館所蔵の『騎馬武者像』は尊氏の肖像として一般に知られていたが、2代将軍足利義詮の花押が像上部に据えられていることや、騎馬武者の馬具に描かれている輪違の紋が足利氏の家紋ではないこと（高氏の家紋が輪違）などの理由から、足利家執事高師直あるいはその子の高師詮の肖像とする説が有力視されており、現在では尊氏説は否定されている。