nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: For example, there was an anecdote that Ms. Naruko YANAGIHARA was able to say farewell to the Emperor Taisho (her son) in his last moment, at his bedside, this was because of her making an arrangement through the Empress Teimei.
Japanese: 大正天皇臨終の際、貞明皇后の配慮によって枕辺で別れを告げたという逸話を残す。
English: On August 31, 1879, Ms. Naruko YANAGIHARA bore a son, the Emperor Taisho (later became the hundred and twenty-third emperor, the Emperor Taisho), with the Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 8月31日、明治天皇との間に大正天皇（のちの大正天皇・第123代）を出産。
English: Emperor Buretsu (489 - January 7, 507) was the twenty-fifth Japanese Emperor (reign: 498 - 507).
Japanese: 武烈天皇（ぶれつてんのう、仁賢天皇2年（489年）-武烈天皇8年12月8日(旧暦)（507年1月7日））は、第25代天皇（在位：仁賢天皇11年（498年）12月(旧暦)-武烈天皇8年12月8日（507年1月7日））。
English: He was also known as Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki no Mikoto, Ohatsuse no Wakazaki no Sumera Mikoto (according to "Nihonshoki", Chronicles of Japan) and Ohatsuse no Wakazaki no Mikoto (according to "Kojiki", Records of Ancient Matters).
Japanese: 別名として、小泊瀬稚鷦鷯尊（をはつせのわかさざきのみこと）、小泊瀬稚鷦鷯皇（をはつせのわかさざきのすめらみこと）(日本書紀より）、小長谷若雀命（古事記より）。
English: According to Kojiki he ruled the realm from the age of ten for eight years from the palace Namiki at Hatsuse.
Japanese: 古事記によると、長谷（はつせ）の列木（なみき）宮で10歳から8年間天下を治めたことになっている。
English: As there was no crown prince, the Ohatsube clan was established as mikoshiro (a clan who belongs to the imperial court) to pass on the name of Emperor Buretsu to later generations.
Japanese: 太子（ひつぎのみこ）がなかったので、御子代（みこしろ）として、小長谷部（をはつせべ）を定めた。
English: Therefore Prince Odo, the fifth descendant of Emperor Homuda (Emperor Ojin) was made to come from Chikatsuafumi (Omi Province) and together with Princess Tashiraka (TASHIRAKA no Himemiko) was presented with the realm.' (Kojiki)
Japanese: 故、品太（ほむだ）天皇の五世の孫、袁本（おお）どの命を近つ淡海国より上りまさしめて、手白髪命に合わせて、天の下を授け奉りき」（『古事記』）
English: 'There was no man or woman, no heir to succeed" ("Nihonshoki") and also 'There was no ruler (child of the emperor) to succeed' ("Kojiki").
Japanese: 『日本書紀』に「男女無くして継嗣絶ゆべし」、『古事記』にも「日続知らすべき王無かりき」とある。
English: After the death of Emperor Ninken in 498, the minister HEGURI no Matori led the state of affairs in his own way and was arrogant.
Japanese: 同11年（498年）仁賢天皇の崩御後、大臣(日本)の平群真鳥が国政を恣にして驕慢であった。
English: The ten year old Crown Prince tried to get engaged to Kagehime, the daughter of MONONOBE no Arakahi, but Kagehime already had an affair with Shibi, the son of the minister Matori.
Japanese: 10歳の皇太子は、物部麁鹿火（あらかい）の娘・影媛（かげひめ）との婚約を試みるが、影媛は既に真鳥大臣の子・鮪（しび）と通じていた。
English: At a poetry reading party in Tsubaichi (Sakurai City), the Crown Prince became so mad when he had lost the singing competition with Shibi so much so that he had Shibi executed by OTOMO no Kanamura in Narayama (Nara City) and moreover in November he also had the minister Matori killed.
Japanese: 海柘榴市（つばいち、桜井市）の歌垣において鮪との歌合戦に敗れた太子は怒り、大伴金村をして鮪を乃楽山（ならやま、奈良市）に誅殺させ、11月には真鳥大臣をも討伐させた。
English: Later on in the same year in December he was coronated, the Imperial Palace was decided to be Namiki at Hatsuse and OTOMO no Kanamura was made minister of state (Omuraji).
Japanese: そののち同年12月に即位して、初瀬列城に都を定め、大伴金村を大連（おおむらじ）とした。
English: In the year 500 at the age of eleven the Emperor cut open the belly of a pregnant woman and looked at the embryo.
Japanese: 武烈2年（500年）9月に11歳の天皇は、妊婦の腹を割いて胎児を見る。
English: It is said that thereafter he committed absurd deeds seeking the bizarre, like having people dig up yam after he had torn out their nails, letting people drift from the gutter of a pond and with a spear stabbing them to death, having people climb up trees and shot them down and he had women copulate with horses (in other words bestiality).
Japanese: この年以降、人の生爪を剥してヤマノイモを掘らせたり、池の樋から人を流して矛で刺殺したり、人を木に登らせて射落したり、女を馬とつるませる（つまりは獣姦）など猟奇性を帯びた愚行を行ったとされる。
English: Kanamura was deeply distressed about the Emperor's atrocities and admonished him according to "Tensho "(a chronological history of Japan) and "Sendai Kujihongi Taiseikyo".
Japanese: 『天書』『先代旧事本紀大成経』には、金村が天皇の暴虐を深く憂えて、これを諌めたとある。
English: A theory exists that Emperor Buretsu didn't actually exist, but was described by parts of the legend of Emperor Yuryaku, who was also described as the Evil Emperor.
Japanese: 大悪天皇の記述は雄略天皇にも見られることから、武烈天皇は実在せず雄略の部分伝承との説もある。
English: The existence of all the emperors after Emperor Keitai, the next Emperor to Emperor Buretsu, is considered to be certain; therefore, Emperor Buretsu is the latest Emperor whose existence is doubted.
Japanese: 次代の継体天皇以降は実在が確実視されていることから、実在が疑われる最新の天皇でもある。
English: In "Nihonshoki" he is described as a very wicked person, like "he worked much evil and accomplished no good thing".
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には「頻りに諸悪を造し、一善も修めたまはず」とあるように、非常に悪劣なる天皇として描かれている。
English: The reports of him contradict each other as it is written how he was a very wicked person and thought little of politics but at the same strict trials were conducted.
Japanese: その一方で、悪劣で政治を顧みなかったように書きながらも、厳格な裁判を行ったとするなど相矛盾する記事が併存する。
English: The general explanation behind these differences is, that Emperor Buretsu was passed off as a tyrant in "Shoki" with the intention to justify the enthronement of the next era's Emperor, Keitai, who was only distantly related (see Emperor Keitai).
Japanese: この相違の背景には、血縁関係が薄い（→継体天皇参照）次代の継体天皇の即位を正当化する意図が『書紀』側にあり、武烈天皇を暴君に仕立てたとする説が一般的である。
English: As the Emperor was of a very young age, the kind of cruel acts we see in "Shoki" (short for Nihonshoki) are considered impossible, though there are various theories about the age of Emperor Buretsu.
Japanese: また、天皇は幼若年であったことから『書紀』に見るような暴虐は無理があるとされ、武烈天皇の年齢についても諸説ある。
English: On the other hand in "Kojiki" there is no record of him as tyrant and the only two things recorded are that he had no wife and children and ODO no Mikoto (the later Emperor Keitai) was asked to succeed the Imperial Throne after he had passed away.
Japanese: 一方、『古事記』には暴君としての記録は無く、妻子がいなかったことと天皇の死後に袁本杼命（おおどのみこと、後の継体天皇）が皇位継承者として招かれたことの2つしか記述されていない。
English: In "Nihonshoki" the Crown Prince competed against HEGURI no Omi Shibi at a poetry reading party over Kagehime, daughter of MONONOBE no Arakahi and when he was defeated he ordered Kanamaru to kill Shibi.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には、物部麁鹿火の娘の影媛（かげひめ）をめぐって、平群臣鮪（へぐりのおみしび）と歌垣で争ったことが記され、それに敗れた太子は大伴金村に命じて鮪を討ち取らせたという。
English: However, according to "Kojiki," Oke no Miko, later Emperor Kenzo and Shibi no Omi (corresponding to HEGURI no Omi Shibi in "Nihonshoki") competed each other at the poetry reading party to get Ouo, the daughter of Uda no Obito.
Japanese: ところが、この歌垣の場面は『古事記』に、袁祁王（をけのみこ、後の顕宗天皇）が菟田首（うだのおびと）の娘の大魚（おうお）をめぐって、志毘臣（しびのおみ、『日本書紀』の平群臣鮪に相当）と争ったこととして記されている。
English: In other words, the Crown Prince and the woman at the poetry reading party are in a complete different setting.
Japanese: つまり、歌垣に出てくる皇子も女も、全く別の設定になっているのである。
English: Which of them is the original legend is not determined, but at least in "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki" there is obviously quite a discrepancy in the tale of Emperor Buretsu, still doubts remain if he actually existed.
Japanese: 何れが原伝承かの判断は分かれるが、少なくとも『古事記』と『日本書紀』とでは、武烈天皇の伝承にかなりの食い違いが見られており、武烈天皇自身が実在したかどうかについても疑問が残る。
English: Before and during Word War II many of those cruel stories were completely omitted from Japanese history text books.
Japanese: なお、戦前・戦中期、日本の日本史(教科)教科書から数々の暴虐記事は全て削除されていた。
English: Even today in many text books there is no description of the cruel character, many do not even mention Emperor Buretsu at all.
Japanese: また、現在の教科書の多くにも、武烈天皇の暴虐性についての記述は無く、武烈天皇自身に関しての記事も欠いた物が多い。
English: The "Engishiki"(one of the earliest extant written records of imperial court etiquette compiled in the Engi era) states, that Emperor Buretsu was buried in Kataoka no Iwatsuki no oka no kita no Misasagi.
Japanese: 延喜式では傍丘磐坏丘北陵（かたおかのいわつきのおかのきたのみささぎ）に葬られたと記されている。
English: But a scientific society published its opinion that the current Imperial Mausoleum (ryobo) in Imaizumi, Kashiba City, Nara Prefecture, determined by the Imperial Household Agency, "was not built as a tumulus (kofun), but is just a natural hill.
Japanese: しかし、宮内庁が定めている、奈良県香芝市今泉にある現在の陵墓は「古墳として造営されたものではなく、単なる自然丘」という見解を学会は発表している。
English: Kunpei GAMO compared it to a tumulus in Tsukiyama in Yamatotakada City, which is a place designated as a possible tomb of a member of the Imperial Family (ryobo sankochi).
Japanese: また、蒲生君平は大和高田市にある築山古墳(大和高田市)（陵墓参考地）を比定している。
English: In the Book of the Ling Dynasty "Ryojo"(梁書) it is recorded that "the Great General of Holding the East the King of Wa, Bu was given the title"the General of Subduing the East in 502" which is regarded as meaning Emperor Buretsu as it corresponds chronologically to Bu, the King of Wa (Waobu,倭王武).
Japanese: 『梁書』にある「天監元年（502年）鎮東大将軍倭王武を征東将軍に進号せしむ｣の倭王武は、年代的には武列(ママ)に相当するとする見解がある。
English: It can be concluded that the assumed Emperor Yuryaku, 478 and Bu, the King of Wa, derive from the same Chinese character 稚,
Japanese: 雄略と想定される478年のほうの倭王武も、同じく稚（若）に由来すると判断できる。
English: The crown princess is a person who has the position of the wife of a prince.
Japanese: 皇太子妃（こうたいしひ）とは、皇太子の妃の身位、またその身位にある人をいう。
English: Crown princess corresponds to the Imperial Princess (Articles 5 and 6 of Imperial House Law) and is regarded as a member of the imperial family.
Japanese: 皇太子妃は、親王妃（皇室典範第5条、第6条）にあたり、皇族とされる。
English: If the crown princess is a member (imperial princess or princess) of the imperial family before marriage, she continues to have the original position as well as crown princess after marriage (until she becomes an empress).
Japanese: 皇太子妃が成婚前より皇族（内親王又は女王）であった場合は、成婚後も（皇后となるまでは）親王妃であるとともに引き続き元来の身位も併存（保持）する。
English: Example: Princess (Kuni no miya) Yoshiko -> Emperor Showa's Crown Princess Yoshiko -> Empress Yoshiko -> Empress Dowager Yoshiko -> Empress Kojun (posthumous title)
Japanese: 具体例：（久邇宮）良子女王→皇太子昭和天皇妃良子女王→皇后良子→皇太后良子→香淳皇后（追号）
English: Today, the crown princess becomes an empress when the crown prince ascends the throne.
Japanese: 現在では、皇太子妃は皇太子が天皇に即位するに伴い、自動的に皇后になる。
English: The crown princess loses the social status as the member of the imperial family and the position of crown princess if any of the conditions shown below is met.
Japanese: 皇太子妃は以下のいずれかを満たした場合、皇族の身分を離れ皇太子妃としての地位を失う。
English: The crown prince dies and unavoidable special circumstances exist and the Imperial Household Council approves.
Japanese: 皇太子が死亡し、かつやむをえない特別の事情があり、皇室会議の承認を得た場合。
English: The formal representation (description in official gazettes, such as cabinet notifications and Imperial Household Agency notifications) by the government is 'crown prince xx imperial princess xx'.
Japanese: 政府による正式表記（内閣告示、宮内庁告示など官報における記載）は「皇太子○○親王妃××」となる。
English: However, 'crown princess' is used on the website of the Imperial Household Agency which emphasizes the 'intelligibility to the general public' and in tree-planting ceremonies and floral tributes, and 'Princess Togu' is also used in New Year Imperial Poetry Reading.
Japanese: ただし、宮内庁ホームページのように「一般国民へのわかりやすさ」を重視する場面、あるいは植樹や供花などでは「皇太子妃」が、歌会始では「東宮妃」などの表記も用いられる。
English: The wife of crown prince in other countries may have a title of crown princess.
Japanese: なお、日本以外の国における王太子（皇太子）の妃についても、皇太子妃の称号が用いられる場合がある。
English: Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen (Imperial era) is a Japanese way of counting years, the first year being that of accession of Emperor Jinmu, the first emperor, to the throne.
Japanese: 神武天皇即位紀元（じんむてんのうそくいきげん）は、初代天皇の神武天皇の即位を元年（紀元）とする日本の紀年法である。
English: It is commonly called Koki (Imperial era) and is also referred to as Koreki (Imperial calendar), Jinmureki (Jinmu calendar), Jinmukigen (Jinmu era), Nikki (Japan era), etc.
Japanese: 通称は皇紀（こうき）と言い、他に皇暦（こうれき）、神武暦（じんむれき）、神武紀元（じんむきげん）、日紀（にっき）などともいう。
English: In alphabetical notation of the number of years, Koki is used in the same way as Heisei (the Japanese era since the enthronement of the present Emperor) and Imperial era 2600 is written as Koki 2600, etc.
Japanese: 年数の英字表記では、Kokiを平成などと同様に使い、皇紀2600年をKoki2600などと書く。
English: The year by Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen becomes larger than the Western calendar system (the Gregorian calendar) by 660 years.
Japanese: 神武天皇即位紀元は西暦（グレゴリオ暦）よりも660年大きな値となる。
English: From the Meiji period to the end of the world war II in 1945, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen was often used together with gengo (an era name).
Japanese: 明治から昭和20年の終戦までは元号と共に神武天皇即位紀元がよく使用されていた。
English: Nowadays, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen is rarely seen in public calendars but it has not been abolished officially.
Japanese: 現在では公の暦で神武天皇即位紀元をみることはほとんどないが、公式に廃止されたわけではない。
English: Even now, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen is legally used together with gengo and the Gregorian calendar and, for example, the style of placing intercalary years is determined based not on the Gregorian calendar but on Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen (Imperial Edict No. 90 issued on May 10, 1898).
Japanese: 現在でも、法令上は元号とグレゴリオ暦と共に神武天皇即位紀元が使用されており、例えば閏年の置き方はグレゴリオ暦ではなく神武天皇即位紀元を元に決められている（明治31年5月10日勅令第90号）。
English: In addition, it is used by a small proportion of amateur devotees of the conservative history of Japan and Japanese literature, persons concerned with Shinto religion (State Shinto), All Japan Iai Do Federation, etc.
Japanese: その他にも、ごく一部の保守的な日本史や日本文学などのアマチュア愛好家、神道（国家神道）の関係者、全日本居合道連盟などが使用している。
English: In "The World Factbook" in the Web page of Central Intelligence Agency, the Imperial era of Japan is described as "Independence 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU).
Japanese: アメリカ中央情報局のWebページにある”TheWorldFactbook”（各国要覧）のには、”Independence660BC(traditionalfoundingbyEmperorJIMMU)”とされている。
English: However, it is not thought to be a fact that Emperor Jinmu acceded to the throne in 660 B.C. by the Western calendar system because the presence of Emperor Jinmu is difficult to prove and establishment of the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) is archeologically believed to be in around the 2nd century A.D. based on the age of appearance of kofun (tumuli).
Japanese: ただし、神武天皇はその存在の実証が困難であり、また古墳の出現年代などから考古学上はヤマト王権の成立は西暦紀元後2世紀前後であるとされているため、神武天皇が西暦紀元前660年に即位したことが事実であるとは考えられていない。
English: Archeologically, this period corresponds to the early Yayoi period but, in old times, it was believed to be the last stage of the Jomon period.
Japanese: 考古学的には、この時期は弥生時代前期にあたるが、古くは縄文時代晩期とされていた。
English: In addition, along with the memorial events of Kigen 2600 held from 1938, excavation and research of the outer garden of Kashihara-Jingu Shrine was carried out under supervision of Masao SUENAGA to find remains of large settlements of the end to last stage of Jomon period and a big oak tree buried standing with its roots spreading to a width of 16 square meters.
Japanese: なお、1938年（昭和13年）から挙行された紀元二千六百年記念行事に伴い、末永雅雄の指揮による橿原神宮外苑の発掘調査が行われ、その地下から縄文時代後期～晩期の大集落跡と橿の巨木が立ち木のまま十六平方メートルにも根を広げて埋まっていたのを発見した。
English: According to the writing of Keiyo KANUMA (emeritus professor of Tokyo Gakugei University), this was all brought into Michigan University of the US and subjected to the radioactive carbon dating, to be found that this was a tree of 2600 years back from then with an error of ±200 years.
Japanese: 鹿沼景揚（東京学芸大学名誉教授）が記したところによると、これを全部アメリカのミシガン大学に持ち込み、放射性炭素年代測定をすると、当時から2600年前のものであり、その前後の誤差は±200年ということであった。
English: Based on this fact, there is a theory that the legends of Emperor Jinmu described in "A Record of Ancient Matters" and "Chronicles of Japan" reflect some historical fact.
Japanese: このことから記紀の神武伝承にはなんらかの史実の反映があるとする説もある。
English: It was instituted on December 15, 1872 by Dajokan Fukoku (Decrees of the Cabinet) No. 342 and was executed on January 1, 1873, at the same time with employment of the solar calendar in Japan.
Japanese: 明治5年11月15日(旧暦)（当時の日本の暦は太陰太陽暦の天保暦で、太陽暦のグレゴリオ暦だと1872年12月15日）の太政官布告第342号により定められたもので、明治6年（1873年）1月1日の日本における太陽暦採用と同時に施行された。
English: Ceremony on November 25 on the occasion of employment of the solar calendar and institution of the Imperial era with accession of Emperor Jinmu to the throne as the starting point (Dajokan Fukoku No. 342, 1872).
Japanese: 太陽暦御頒行神武天皇御即位ヲ以テ紀元ト定メラルニ付十一月二十五日御祭典（明治5年太政官布告第342号）
English: To publicly notify the recent decisions to employ solar calendar and institute the Imperial era with accession of Emperor Jinmu to the throne as the starting point, a ceremony will be held on the coming 25th day.
Japanese: 今般太陽暦御頒行神武天皇御即位ヲ以テ紀元ト被定候ニ付其旨ヲ被爲告候爲メ来ル廿五日御祭典被執行候事
English: Thus, by going back from the chronology written in Chronicles of Japan, the year when Emperor Jinmu acceded to the throne comes to correspond to 660 B.C..
Japanese: そのため神武天皇の即位年の「辛酉年」は日本書紀の編年から遡ると紀元前660年に相当することになる。
English: In the Meiji Period, Michiyo NAKA, a historian, put forward a theory that, in establishing a way to count years, Chronicles of Japan employed the Shinisetsu which was popular in Former Han to Later Han (dynasties of China) and counting back 1260 years from the year 601 when Empress Suiko set the capital in Ikaruga, the year 660 B.C was decided to be the year of, a great revolution, the enthronement of Emperor Jinmu.
Japanese: 明治時代に歴史学者那珂通世が、日本書紀はその紀年を立てるにあたって中国の前漢から後漢に流行した讖緯説（しんいせつ）を採用しており、推古天皇が斑鳩に都を置いた西暦601年（辛酉年）から逆算して1260年遡った紀元前660年（辛酉年）を、大革命である神武天皇即位の年として起点設定したとの説を立てた。
English: This is related to the note by Jo Gen in "Yi wei", the surviving fragment of a book on Shinisetsu (isho) which was banned by Emperor Yodai of Sui and got scattered and lost, where 60 years, one cycle of the Oriental zodiac, were defined as 1 gen and 21gen as 1 bou, and it was suggested that, in a specified zodiac year every 1260 years (= 60 ' 21) thus calculated, a national-scale revolution (change of dynasty) would be carried out.
Japanese: これは隋の煬帝により禁圧されて散逸した讖緯説の書（緯書）の逸文である『易緯』の鄭玄の注に、干支が一周する60年を1元（げん）といい、21元を1蔀（ぼう）として算出される1260年（＝60×21）の辛酉（しんゆう）年に、国家的革命（王朝交代）が行われる（辛酉革命）という事に因む。
English: On the first day of the month, the Emperor acceded to the throne at Kashiwara no Miya Shrine.
Japanese: 朔の訓はつひたち、新月すなわち月齢0＝太陰太陽暦では常に1日）に、天皇、橿原宮に即帝位（あまつひつぎしろしめ）す。
English: ('On February 11, 660 B.C., the Emperor acceded to the throne at Kashiwara no Miya Shrine and this year was made the first year of the Emperor'; "Chronicles of Japan," Paragraph on February 11, the first year of Emperor Jinmu.)
Japanese: （「辛酉年春正月庚辰朔天皇即帝位於橿原宮是歳爲天皇元年」『日本書紀』神武天皇元年正月朔の条）。
English: Incidentally, the "Type zero carrier fighter" of the Imperial Japanese Navy, well-known as the Zero fighter, is a name connected with the fact that it was employed in the year 2600 in the Imperial era (1940 in the Gregorian calendar [numbers in the type name of the weapons were based on the last two digits of the Imperial era]).
Japanese: ちなみに一般にゼロ戦としてよく知られている大日本帝国海軍の「零式艦上戦闘機（れいしきかんじょうせんとうき）」は、この年に採用された事に因んだ名称である（兵器の制式名の数字は皇紀の下二桁によっていたから）。
English: In the case of the Imperial Japanese Army, the number for the weapons employed in the same year was not zero as in the Navy but 100 such as Type 100 heavy bomber, Type 100 headquarters reconnaissance plane, Type 100 transport plane, etc.
Japanese: 大日本帝国陸軍の場合、同年制式採用兵器の数字は百式重爆撃機、一〇〇式司令部偵察機、一〇〇式輸送機など海軍と異なり零ではなく百（一〇〇）としている。
English: In 1941, the fighter employed by the Army was named as Type 1 fighter (commonly called as Hayabusa (falcon)).
Japanese: 昭和16年、陸軍に採用された戦闘機は一式戦闘機（通称隼）としている。
English: In 1970's, Yasuda Mutual Life Insurance Co. (now Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co.) decided to build a personal information management system.
Japanese: 安田生命保険（今の明治安田生命保険）は1970年代に個人情報管理のシステムを構築することになった。
English: At that time, the man in charge of the system was anticipating the Year 2000 problem, which might happen 20 some years later.
Japanese: その際システムの担当者は、20数年後に生じるであろう2000年問題を予測していた。
English: Therefore, as the last two digits of the year count, he decided to employ not that of the Gregorian calendar or the era but that of the Jinmu calendar (Gregorian calendar - 40).
Japanese: そこで、年号の下2桁にグレゴリオ暦や元号ではなく神武暦（グレゴリオ暦－40年）を使用した。
English: In addition to Japanese 'Imperial Era,' there are cases where original eras different from the Western calendar system or Islamic calendar were established or old eras were converted to the Western calendar system for use.
Japanese: 日本の「皇紀」以外にも、西暦やイスラーム暦と異なる独自の紀元を立てたり、あるいは古くからあったものを西暦にかえて使った事例がある。
English: However, they were used for short periods of time and many of them are not in use now.
Japanese: しかしいずれも使用された期間は短く現在では使われていないものが多い。
English: Genghis Khan Era (Genghis Khan Era. Royal Territory of Eastern Mongolia, Mongolian United Autonomous Government).
Japanese: ジンギスカン紀元（ジンギスカン紀元。東部蒙古王公領・蒙古連合自治政府）
English: Turkish Era (Turkish era. Republic of Turkey. The first year is the enthronement of the first Turk Khan on Mongolian plateau).
Japanese: トルコ紀元（トルコ紀元。トルコ共和国。モンゴル高原での初代突厥可汗の即位元年）
English: Iranian calendar (also referred to as Cyrus era. Iran. This existed from a long time ago but was officially employed in the Pahlavi dynasty).
Japanese: イラン暦（キュロス紀元とも。イラン。これは古くからあったがパーレビ王朝で公式採用）
English: Era starting from the death of Buddha (Kingdom of Thailand. This has been present in Southeast Asia for a long time and is still in use).
Japanese: 仏滅紀元（タイ王国。東南アジア諸国で昔からあったもので今でも使われている）
English: This was given a legal basis on September 25, 1948 but, with establishment of an act to abolish the system of Era in 1961, its use is prohibited on a public occasion since January 1, 1962.
Japanese: 1948年9月25日に法的根拠を与えられたが、1961年年号廃止の法令を制定に伴い、1962年1月1日からは公式な場での使用禁止。
English: Kotaigo, or empress dowager (pronounced "huang tai hou" in Chinese), is a title held by the widow of a deceased emperor or a term used to refer to such a person.
Japanese: 皇太后（こうたいごう、ピンイン：HuangTaiHou）は、先代の天皇・皇帝の皇后またはその人の称号。
English: In addition, it was also referred to as In meaning the retired emperor (or cloistered retired emperor) or, collectively with dominant nobilities and temples and shrines, as Ingu (imperial lady) or Ingu oshinke (a general term for imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by approaching the Emperor's power).
Japanese: また、太上天皇（太上法皇）を意味する院ないし有力貴族、寺社と総称して院宮、院宮王臣家ともいった。
English: At present, the Imperial House Act determines that the title of honor for it is 'her Majesty' but, in old days, it was honorably referred to by adding a letter 'Miya (imperial princess, etc)' as in Kotaigo-Miya.
Japanese: 皇室典範により現在の敬称は「陛下」と定められるが、古くは皇太后宮という様に「宮」（ぐう）の字をつけて敬称した。
English: In China, from the periods of Qin and Han to the period of Qing, the real mother of the Emperor in reign and the former Empress were respectfully referred to as 'Empress Dowager.'
Japanese: 中国では秦・漢の時代から清の時代にまで、在位中の皇帝の生母と先代の皇后を並び尊崇して「皇太后」と呼ぶ。
English: In Japan, even though in the Nara and Heian periods, there were cases where an honorary title of Kotaigo or Kotaifujin (title for previous retired emperors' wife) were dedicated only because the person was the real mother of the Emperor of the time, there is no such example since the early stage of Edo period and it has become a practice that the lawful wife of the former Emperor is named the Taigo.
Japanese: 日本では古く奈良時代・平安時代に、当代の生母というだけで皇太后若しくは皇太夫人の尊号を奉られることもあったが、江戸時代初期以来その例はなく、先代の嫡妻をもって太后とするのが慣例になった。
English: In addition, Omiya gosho refers to the residence of the Empress Dowager and the section which takes care of the Empress Dowager is referred to as kotaigo gushiki (Imperial Household Agency employee assigned to the household of Empress Dowager).
Japanese: また、大宮御所とは皇太后の御在所のことを言い、皇太后の世話をする部署を皇太后宮職と称する。
English: Usually, Kotaigo is not used as a posthumous title for a person who was an empress but, by way of exception, it is used for Empress Dowager Eisho who was the Empress of Emperor Komei and Empress Dowager Shoken who was the Empress of Emperor Meiji.
Japanese: 皇太后は通常、皇后であった者に対する追号として用いられることはないが、孝明天皇の后であった英照皇太后、明治天皇の后であった昭憲皇太后には例外として用いられる。
English: For an O (king), there applies a word 'Otaigo (in English, Queen Dowager)' but from an old custom of protocol to refer to all heads of the state as Emperors, this word has not ripened as a Japanese and Kotaigo is applied.
Japanese: 王に対しては「王太后（英語QueenDowager）」という言葉が相当するが、独立国の元首をすべて皇帝と称してきたかつての儀典上の慣例から日本語としては熟しておらず、皇太后が準用される。
English: Representative example of use is Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the mother of Elizabeth II, the queen of England.
Japanese: 代表的な使用例は、イギリス女王エリザベス2世(イギリス女王)の母であるエリザベス・バウエス＝ライオンがある。
English: Emperor Nintoku (257-February 7, 399) was the sixteenth Emperor of Japan, who was in the reign from February 14, 313 to February 7, 399.
Japanese: 仁徳天皇（にんとくてんのう、神功皇后摂政57年（257年）-仁徳天皇87年1月16日(旧暦)（399年2月7日））は、日本の第16代天皇（在位：仁徳天皇元年1月3日(旧暦)（313年2月14日）-同87年1月16日（399年2月7日））。
English: According to the Oriental zodiac of the year of the demise described in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), the demise of Emperor Ojin was in 393 and the demise of Emperor Nintoku was in 427, the difference corresponding to the period of the reign.
Japanese: 古事記の干支崩年に従えば、応神天皇の崩御が西暦393年、仁徳天皇の崩御が西暦427年となり、その間が在位期間となる。