nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to "Koninshiki" (the supplemental law determined in the Konin Era) and so on, the major learning subject was basically an official history of Chinese history, and lectures of "Shiki" (the Chinese Historical Records), "Kanjo" (Historical Records of the Han Dynasty) and "Gokanjo" (Historical Records of the Later Han Dynasty), so-called 'Sanshi' (three historical records of ancient China), and "Jun shu"(History of the Jin Dynasty), "Monzen" (ancient Chinese poems) (book) and so on were given.
Japanese: 『弘仁式』などによれば基本的には中国史の正史の学習が中心であり、『史記』・『漢書』・『後漢書』のいわゆる「三史」や『晋書』・『文選(書物)』などが講義されたという。
English: It is said that Kiden hakase also created Kiden kanmon (report about histories) to answer to inquiries from the government.
Japanese: また、政府の諮問に答える紀伝勘文の作成に当たることもあったとされている。
English: However, such knowledge of history was required when creating documents such as official documents and Chinese poetry, and Kidendo (the study of the histories) was integrated with Monjodo (literature) on April 1, 836 by the idea that it overlapped with Monjodo.
Japanese: しかし、こうした歴史の知識を必要とするのは公文書や漢詩などの文章作成においてであり、文章道と重複するという考えから承和_(日本)3年3月8日_(旧暦)（834年4月20日）に紀伝道と文章道は統合された。
English: As a result of this, the fixed number of Kiden hakase was transferred to that of Monjo hakase (from one to two), and thereafter, 'Kiden hakase' became a common name of Monjo hakase (for reference, Kidendo existed as the name of subject, and 'Monjodo' became its common name).
Japanese: これにより、紀伝博士の定員は文章博士の定員に移され（1名→2名）、以後「紀伝博士」は文章博士の通称となった（なお、学科名は紀伝道が存続して「文章道」はその通称となった。）
English: (It is considered that the description specifying 'Monjodo' as the subject name was caused by a confusion in and after the Meiji period).
Japanese: （「文章道」を学科名とするというような記述は明治以後の混同によるものと考えられている）。
English: On hakase (also known as Koe no hakase) was a hakase position (professor) established under the Ritsuryo system in Japan.
Japanese: 音博士（おんはかせ/こえのはかせ）は、日本の律令制において置かれた博士の1つ。
English: The On hakase belonged to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system), and taught hakudoku (pronunciation of Chinese language in kanon (Han reading of Chinese characters)) of Keisho (most important documents in Confucianism) to gakusho (students) of Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics).
Japanese: 大学寮に属して、明経道の学生に経書の白読（中国語（漢音）による音読）を教えた。
English: "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan) has a description that On hakase (SHOKU Shugen and SATSU Kokaku) existed in 691, and it is known that toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese) mainly assumed this post.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』持統天皇5年（691年）に音博士（続守言・薩弘格）の存在が記され、主に渡来人がこれを担当したことが知られている。
English: It was natural that the toraijin seldom used Chinese language while staying in Japan, and very few people learned only Ondo (the study of pronunciation of Chinese language).
Japanese: もっとも日本国内にいる限りにおいて、中国語が用いられる事はほとんどなく、音道のみを学ぶ者はほとんどいなかった。
English: However, in the early Heian period when the influence of Tang culture became stronger, kyakushiki (amendments and enforcement of regulations of the ritsuryo) to establish 'onsho' was issued on May 10, 817 due to interest in kanon.
Japanese: それでも唐の文化の影響が強まった平安時代初期には、漢音に関する関心から弘仁8年4月17日(旧暦)（817年5月6日）付けで「音生」設置の格式が出されている。
English: In addition, an examination of kanon held by the On hakase was imposed on government officials (esp. one of low to medium rank) and Buddhist monks to be dispatched as members of a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China.
Japanese: また、遣唐使として派遣される官人や僧侶には、音博士による漢音の試験が課された。
English: But, this was temporary, and in the mid Heian period, the On hakase became an honorary post assigned to scholars from the Nakahara clan and the Kiyohara clan which monopolized Myogyo-do.
Japanese: もっともこれも一時的なもので、平安時代中期には明経道を独占した中原氏・清原氏出身の学者に宛がわれる名誉職的なものになっていった。
English: Tono Chujo is the name of a government post in the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
Japanese: 頭中将（とうのちゅうじょう）は、日本の律令制における職制の呼称の一つ。
English: This was a post for noble family members and the common name for a person who was a tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) at shii (the fourth rank) and assumed both posts of "Kurodo no to" (Head Chamberlain) and "Konoe no Chujo" (middle captain of the palace guards).
Japanese: 公家官職であり、四位殿上人で蔵人頭と近衛中将を兼任した者に対する通称。
English: Fourth-ranking officials and bukan (military officers) from the Konoefu (Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) were often appointed to the post of Tono Chujo also.
Japanese: 四位の官人のうち武官の官職のうち近衛府が兼帯して補任されることが多かった。
English: Towards the end of the Heian period, it became customary that another "Kurodo no to" post was given to "To no ben" selected from the persons at the Benkan post (a post for civil officers: daiben (Major Controller) or chuben (Middle Controller)).
Japanese: 平安時代末期には弁官（大弁または中弁）から選ばれる頭弁と並びたつ慣例が生まれた。
English: In "Kantobisho" (a book written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori), it is written that Tono Chujo did the work of 'kinchu banji' (everything in the Imperial Palace) and To no Ben did that of 'tenkakosai' (everything).
Japanese: 藤原俊憲の『貫頭秘抄』には、頭中将は「禁中万事」を申し行い、頭弁は「天下巨細」を執奏するとされた。
English: It is also written in the book that Tono Chujo was in charge of services in the imperial palace and To no ben was in charge of communications about government affairs between the Emperor and Daijokan (Grand Council of State).
Japanese: 頭中将は宮中における側近奉仕を担当し、頭弁は天皇と太政官の間で政務に関する連絡を担当したと記されている。
English: For this reason, there were many examples whereby an upper-class royal family member who was a candidate for a high government post advanced from the Konoe no Shosho position (Minor Captain of the Inner Palace Guards) to the Konoe no Chujo position (Middle Captain of the Inner place Guards), before assuming the joint positions of Tono Chujo and Kurodo no to and then finally advancing to the court nobility.
Japanese: そのため、将来の高官候補者である上流貴族の子弟が近衛少将から中将に昇進した後に蔵人頭を兼ねて頭中将となり、その後公卿に昇進する例が多かった。
English: In addition to being Hikaru Genji's old friend and brother-in-law, this person was also his rival in politics and in love.
Japanese: 光源氏の年長の親友であり義兄であり政敵であり、また恋の競争相手でもある。
English: In the main text of 'The Tale of Genji' this person was always known by the different positions he held as his career and age advanced.
Japanese: 『源氏物語』本文では、この人物は、年齢と経歴を積むにつれ、そのときどきの官職などで呼ばれている。
English: During the 'Yugao' chapter (The Tale of Genji), the chapter in which he becomes a central character, he holds the position of Tono Chujo, so this is how he was known by later readers.
Japanese: 彼が重要人物となる「夕顔(源氏物語)」巻での官職が頭中将であったため、後世の読者からこう呼ばれている。
English: After that he advances to the positions of Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor), Udaisho ((Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Nadaijin (Minister of the Interior) before finally becoming a Dajodaijin (Grand Minister).
Japanese: その後権中納言、右大将、内大臣を経て最終的には太政大臣まで出世する。
English: His mother, Omiya, was the younger sister of Emperor Kiritsubo (in The Tale of Genji) and the mother of Aoi no Ue (it is often said that he is her older brother but the age gap is unknown).
Japanese: 母は桐壺帝の妹大宮(源氏物語)で、葵の上と同腹（兄とされることが多いが、年齢差は不明）。
English: In his youth, he was a young nobleman ranked with Genji, and often competed with Genji for the same woman.
Japanese: 青年時代は源氏と並び称される貴公子であり、しばしば同じ女性を巡り競ったりもした。
English: He doted on Yugari, the daughter of Genji and the deceased Aoi no Ue (his nephew in other words), who was like a son to him until their relationship deteriorated over the Kumoi no Kari incident.
Japanese: 源氏の息子で亡き葵の上の忘れ形見（つまり甥）である夕霧(源氏物語)を可愛がっており、雲居の雁絡みで関係がこじれるまでは親子同様の仲の良さであった。
English: In the Otome chapter, he is described as having a distinct and magnificent character and also of being thoughtful, passionate about learning and well-versed in government affairs.
Japanese: 「少女(源氏物語)」では、人柄はきっぱりしていて立派、思慮もしっかりしており、学問に熱心で政務に詳しい、とある。
English: When Genji suffered misfortune and retired to Suma to seek seclusion from the world, Tono Chujo was the only person to visit him, without fear of attracting disapproval from the powers-that-be.
Japanese: 源氏不遇の折、時の権力に睨まれるのも恐れず、須磨へ遁世した源氏をただ一人見舞いに訪れて励ました。
English: However, there is a clear distinction between the times in the story when he is depicted favorably and those when he isn't.
Japanese: しかし作中では好意的な描かれ方をされる時とされない時との差が大きい。
English: For this reason, some researchers have complained that his character is inconsistent and not worth analyzing.
Japanese: そのため研究者からは、キャラクターとして一貫しておらず、分析に値しない、と言った辛口な評価もある。
English: Furthermore, his rank is always one rank below that of Genji's and he always lags behind Genji in disputes.
Japanese: また、基本的には官位は常に源氏の一ランク下であり、相争う際には常に源氏に遅れを取る。
English: (For example, even though he the real father or the deceased Yugao's daughter, Tamakazura, it is Genji that actually acts as her guardian).
Japanese: （夕顔の遺児玉鬘(源氏物語)の件でも、実父でありながら実質的な後見は源氏にとられてしまった）
English: His legal wife was Yon no Kimi, the Minister of the Right of Emperor Kiritsubo (she was also the younger sister of Kokiden no Nyogo (Emperor Kokiden) and the elder sister of Oborozukiyo).
Japanese: 正妻は桐壺帝の右大臣の四の君（弘徽殿女御の妹、朧月夜(源氏物語)の姉）。
English: Their children were called Kashiwagi, Kobai and Kokiden no Nyogo.
Japanese: 柏木(源氏物語)、紅梅(源氏物語)、弘徽殿女御（冷泉帝妃）は彼女との間の子。
English: His concubines were known to be the mother of Kumoi no Kari (of royal descent) and Yugao (the daughter of Sanmi no Chujo and the mother of Tamakazura).
Japanese: 側室では雲居の雁の母（王族出身）と夕顔(源氏物語)（三位中将の娘、玉鬘(源氏物語)の母）が知られる。
English: However, the mother of Kumoi no Kari later divorced him and married Azechino Dainagon (at which time Kumoi no Kari came under the care of her grandmother Omiya).
Japanese: しかし雲居の雁の母は後に離婚して按察大納言と再婚（この時雲居の雁は祖母大宮に預けられた）。
English: Also, he seems for a time to have taken pity on a lower class woman who went on to give birth to Omi no Kimi.
Japanese: また一時情けをかけたらしい相手として、近江の君を産んだ身分低い女性がいる。
English: Since clerical work of Moku-ryo (Bureau of Carpentry) in charge of construction and architecture under the Ritsuryo system (ancient East Asian system of centralized governance in Japan: esp. 7th-10th century) was complicated, work of Zogushiki (Office of Works) which was merged once was delinked, and Shurishiki was newly established as Ryoge no kan in 818 in the period of Emperor Saga.
Japanese: 弘仁9年（818年）嵯峨天皇の代に令制で造営・建築を担当する木工寮の事務が繁雑であったため、いったん併合した造宮職の業務を独立させ、令外官として新設された。
English: Uji no shaku refers to conferring a rank of Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) on one person each annually from among persons ranked Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade) in the O clan, Minamoto clan, Taira clan, Fujiwara clan, Tachibana clan and others when the investiture was conducted on January 6 (old calendar) of every year from the Heian period.
Japanese: 氏爵（うじのしゃく）とは、平安時代より、毎年正月6日に行われる叙位に際し、王氏、源氏、平氏、藤原氏、橘氏などの正六位上の者より、毎年1人ずつ従五位に叙すことをいう。
English: Since the conferment of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) was called joshaku (conferring a peerage), this was called uji no shaku as an annual promotion conducted to each clan.
Japanese: 従五位下に叙せられることを叙爵ということから、各氏に対する恒例人事として氏爵と呼んだ。
English: As well as Oni no sei (the automatic promotion of the persons at the age of 21, whose parents were from Imperial Prince to the fifth rank, or whose grandparents were upper than third rank), uji no shaku was a privilege for powerful clans, and Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) was held in accordance with a recommendation of uji no choja (the head of the clan).
Japanese: 氏爵は蔭位の制同様、有力氏族への特典であり、氏長者の推挙により、除目が行われた。
English: Each clan usually had more than one person ranked Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade) at any time, and it is considered that a person trying to newly acquire a post of government official submitted a request called moshibumi (general term for a request or petition submitted by a lower authority to a higher) to uji no choja, and uji no choja selected an eligible person.
Japanese: 各氏とも正六位上の者は常に複数いるのが通常であり、新たな官途を得んとする者は、氏長者に対して申文という申請書を提出、氏長者がそのうちから適任者を選考したとされる。
English: In the first place, the authority of uji no choja was on a declining trend in the Heian period, and possessing influence on personnel affairs for the said clans under the system of uji no shaku resulted in restrengthening the authority of uji no choja.
Japanese: そもそも、平安時代において氏長者の権限は低下傾向にあり、氏爵の制度に基づき同氏族への人事への影響力を有したことは、氏長者の権力が再強化されることとなった。
English: Furthermore, it was also used as a term to express a special privilege given to temples, shrines or guji (chief priests).
Japanese: また、寺社や宮司に与えられた特権を指す用語のひとつとしても用いられる。
English: Each year a temple, shrine or guji could grant the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) to one person who desired the rank and who had paid a joryo (a fee to obtain the rank).
Japanese: 毎年、寺院ないし宮司に1人分の叙爵権を付与し、寺院及び宮司は叙爵希望者より叙料を納めさせることで、従五位下に叙爵させることができるとされた。
English: It was a system for selling ranks, the same as nenshaku in which a rank was granted of paying joryo to a retired emperor, empress or Sannomiya (third prince).
Japanese: 院や三宮に対して叙料を納めさせる代わりに叙爵する年爵と同じく売位によるものであった。
English: Advancement through eishaku was quite common from the end of the Heian Period to the Kamakura period.
Japanese: しかし、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけて栄爵による昇叙(加階)が盛んとなった。
English: In 'Sakeiki' (a diary written by MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori in 1025) it states that this amount was 126 cubic meters of rice crop, while in 1287 the amount was stipulated to be at most 1500 hiki (a roll of cloth), the same as the amount stipulated for a Gon no Kami (Provisional Governer).
Japanese: その額については、万寿2年(1025年)の『左経記』には700石を定法とすることがみられ、弘安10年(1287年)には諸国権守と同様に、最高額の1500疋と定められた。
English: Kamonryo refers to Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) belonging to Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) under the Ritsuryo system in Ritsuryo Japan.
Japanese: 掃部寮（かもんりょう）は、律令制日本の律令制において宮内省に属する令外官。
English: Therefore, some of its official duties overlapped with those of Tonomo-ryo (Bureau of Grounds) which managed and maintained facilities in the Imperial Court.
Japanese: そのため宮中の施設管理・維持を行う主殿寮と職掌が重なるところがあった。
English: 80 persons of kushicho (general workers) who were assigned to government officials requiring a large number of persons were assigned, and conducted practical works.
Japanese: また大量の人員を必要とする官司に配属される駆使丁が80人配属され実務にあたっていた。
English: In 820, Kamonryo was formed by integrating Kanimori no Tsukasa (Housekeeping Office) of Okurasho (Ministry of the Treasury) with Uchi no Kanimori no Tsukasa (Inner House Keeping Office) of Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) both of which had the same official duties, as a part of administrative reforms.
Japanese: 掃部寮は弘仁11年（820年）に行政改革の一環として職掌の同じ大蔵省律令制における大蔵省掃部司と宮内省内掃部司が統合されて成立した。
English: An Ashigaru taisho was a commanding officer who lead Ashigaru troops (foot soldiers) under a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during Japan's Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
Japanese: 足軽大将（あしがるたいしょう）とは、日本の戦国時代_(日本)に、戦国大名のもとで足軽隊を率いた部将及びその職のことをいう。
English: After the Onin War, as officers and soldiers in battles wore only light armor, Ashigaru came to have an active role as a main battle force.
Japanese: 応仁の乱以降、合戦における将兵の軽装化が進み、足軽が主力のひとつとして活躍するようになった。
English: During the Sengoku Period, battles became more organized and complex on a large scale and the role of Ashigaru became increasingly important due to their mobility.
Japanese: 戦国時代を迎える頃には合戦の集団戦化が本格化・大規模化し機動性ある足軽の役割は益々重くなっていった。
English: Ashigaru troops in particular, who were trained with spears, bows and guns, were organized and became active as a main fighting force.
Japanese: 特に足軽は訓練された槍・弓(武器)・鉄砲の足軽隊が組織され主力軍として活躍するようになりった。
English: Retainers of daimyo who were appointed to the position of Ashigaru taisho made great achievements leading Ashigaru troops.
Japanese: 戦国大名の家臣である者が足軽大将に任じられ、足軽隊を率いて活躍するようになった。
English: They were ranked immediately below the daimyo as Sodaisho (commander in chief) and Samurai daisho (commander of warriors) and lead soldiers including Ashigaru kogashira (also called Ashigaru kumigashira) (foot soldier captains) who were their own subordinates.
Japanese: 総大将たる大名、侍大将に次ぐ地位を有し、配下である足軽小頭（足軽組頭）をはじめとする兵を率いた。
English: Due to their achievements, the position of Ashigaru taisho gradually rose, and in the late Sengoku Period they were provided with an annual stipend of 200 to 500 koku, and regarded as the middle-class warriors.
Japanese: このような活躍の中で、次第に足軽大将の地位も向上し、戦国時代後期における足軽大将の家禄は、おおよそ200石から500石程度で中級の武士として認められる存在になった。
English: Sodaisho was a commander in chief who lead an army composed of more than one corps.
Japanese: 総大将(そうだいしょう)とは、一軍以上編成する軍団において全軍を指揮する大将のこと。
English: In particular, the term "Sodaisho" was often used to differentiate the highest ranking official from other generals in an army composed of more than one corps.
Japanese: 特に一軍以上の軍団からなり複数の大将がいる場合に最高位にある者を差別化する場合、総大将ということが多い。
English: Sodaisho is a concept used to refer to a busho (military commander) who lead an entire army within the battle history from the Heian to the Sengoku Period (period of warring states).
Japanese: 総大将とは、およそ日本の平安時代から戦国時代_(日本)にかけての合戦史上において全軍を率いた武将を指す場合に用いる概念である。
English: In a situation where troops were organized by a single samurai group, the leader of the samurai clan served as Sodaisho, or in many other cases, a Sodaisho would be selected from high-ranking warriors of a clan such as the Karo (chief retainer) and they held great authority in battles.
Japanese: ひとつの武士団のみで軍勢を編成する場合、総大将は武門の棟梁が自ら務めるか、或いはその一門ないし家老など、身分の高い者の中から選抜されることも多く、陣中にあってその権限は大きかった。
English: On the other hand, in the case of troops being organized by allied samurai groups, each group had an independent chain of command and the Sodaisho was just a figurehead with relatively weak authority.
Japanese: 複数の武士団により編成された連合軍の場合、指揮系統面においてそれぞれの武士団ごとに独立しており、総大将はあくまで盟主としての地位に過ぎず比較的権限が弱かった。
English: In either case, however, the position of Sodaisho standing at the top of the entire army was extremely appealing, so when the post was not performed by the Daimyo (Japanese territorial lord), the lord's family members and retainers competed for the position.
Japanese: しかし、いずれにしても全軍の頂点に立つ総大将の地位は武将にとり非常に魅力的であり、大名自身が総大将を務めない場合、一門や家臣の間でその地位を競うこともあった。
English: As it become the Sengoku Period, when daimyo established the commanding positions and classes in their military organizations such as the Samurai daisho (commander of warriors) or Ashigaru taisho (general in command of a troop of food soldiers), the military commander in charge of these positions was referred to as a Sodaisho.
Japanese: 戦国時代になると戦国大名は自家の軍制において侍大将、足軽大将などの職制及び階層を定めたため、それらを率いる武将の地位を総大将と称した。
English: Kurodo no betto was a post of Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) that was equivalent to a Kami (chief) of the Kurododokoro (Chamberlain's Office).
Japanese: 蔵人別当（くろうどのべっとう）とは、令外官の役職で、蔵人所の長官にあたる。
English: Although Kurodo no betto was in an organizational position to supervise the entire staff at the Kurododokoro, including the Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), all of the general practical business at the Kurododokoro was the responsibility of the Kurodo no to and the Kurodo no betto was regarded only as a public representative and honorary position not involved in practical business.
Japanese: 組織上は蔵人頭以下を指揮する立場にあるが、所内の実務全般は蔵人頭が責任を負い、蔵人別当は対外的な代表者の地位にあり、実際の実務には携わらない名目的なものであった。
English: Although a Daijin (cabinet minister) and Second-rank personnel were generally appointed to Kurodo no betto as a second post, because it was Ryoge no kan the post did not have a corresponding official rank.
Japanese: なお、通常、大臣が兼職して二位の者が補任されるが、令外官であるため官位相当は無い。
English: During the early Heian period in 897, the Kugyo (top court official) FUJIWARA no Tokihira was the first to be appointed to this post, but in later years it became a concurrent post for the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).
Japanese: 897年（寛平9年）、平安時代前期の公卿藤原時平が任じられたのが最初であるが、後に左大臣が兼任することとなる。
English: For example, after Seii Taishogun (literally "great general who subdues the barbarians") Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was appointed to Sadaijin on February 17, 1382, he concurrently held the post of Kurodo no betto on March 12, 1382.
Japanese: 例としては室町幕府の征夷大将軍である足利義満が1382年2月9日（弘和2年/永徳2年1月26日）に、左大臣就任の後、3月4日（閏1月19日）、蔵人別当を兼務している。
English: Goi no Kurodo was a post of Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) under the Japanese Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
Japanese: 五位蔵人（ごいのくろうど）は、律令制下の日本における官職（令外官）の一つ。
English: Up to two to three personnel could be appointed to this post, and they were selected from among the Tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) of the Fifth Rank, with particular favor for individuals from families of nobility and who were scholarly gifted.
Japanese: 定員は2~3名で、五位の殿上人の中から、家柄がよく学識才能のある者が特に選ばれた。
English: The term "Goi no Kurodo" first appeared in the notes on Udain in the "Shikijibunin" (directory of officials) which explained, 'On January 6, 889, two persons were appointed to Goi no Kurodo, and another two persons were subsequently appointed to Rokui no Kurodo.'
Japanese: 五位蔵人という言葉が歴史上に出てくるのは、『職事補任』宇多院の項の分注に「仁和四年十一月廿七日、始置五位蔵人二人、止六位二人」とある。
English: The first two persons to be appointed as Goi no Kurodo were named MINAMOTO no Tatsu and FUJIWARA no Toshiyuki, after which the term appeared frequently.
Japanese: 源湛・藤原敏行の2名が五位蔵人に補任されたのが初見で、これ以後頻出している。
English: The post of Goi no Kurodo had existed beforehand as well, but there was also the post of Mui no Kurodo (Chamberlain with No Rank), meaning that the official ranks for eight positions of Kurodo were not always standardized.
Japanese: これ以前にも五位蔵人は存在していたが、無位の蔵人もあり、蔵人8人の位階は必ずしも一定しなかった。
English: During that time, it was difficult to classify every official as a Kurodo because there was a clear distinction between the Fifth and Sixth ranks in terms of social status, as well as considerable differences between their social activities and custom rituals.
Japanese: 当時は五位と六位の間に身分上明確な一線が引かれ、官人の行動や儀制面で大きな差があったため、蔵人を一括することが困難であった。
English: As official duties of the Kurododokoro were gradually specialized, social status became closely related to who was posted where.
Japanese: 蔵人所の職掌も次第に分化し、身分の高低が密接に関係するようになった。
English: It is believed that this lead to the establishment of the Goi no Kurodo post and the reason behind the improvements to the corresponding organizational infrastructure.
Japanese: このことが五位蔵人の設置と、それに伴う機構の整備を生んだ理由と考えられる。
English: From that point on, when a person holding the post of Goi no Kurodo was promoted to the Fourth Rank, or when a person holding the post of Rokui no Kurodo (Chamberlain of Sixth Rank) was promoted to the Fifth Rank, rather than being allowed to remain as Kurodo with a new rank, their court rank and Kurodo posts became inseparable and the posts of Goi no Kurodo and Rokui no Kurodo were regarded as the names of official posts.
Japanese: これ以後、五位蔵人が四位に、六位蔵人が五位に昇進した場合が、新しい位階のまま蔵人に留まることは許されず、位階と蔵人の職が不可分のものとなり、五位蔵人及び六位蔵人は官職名とみなされるようになった。
English: The following is the order in which people qualified for this position: Hikurodo (people training to be a Kudo (Keeper of the Imperial Archives) of noble birth; Hikurodo, Shippei koto (vassals of the Sekke (line of regents and advisors); important Inshi posts (officials of the Retired Emperor's Office), Zoshiki (low-ranking functionaries); Jusei (Confucian scholars) who had passed difficult exams such as the Myobodo (study of codes); and Hogandai (administrative officials of the Retired Emperor's Office).
Japanese: 任官資格順位としては「公卿の子弟の非蔵人（蔵人の見習）」、「非蔵人」、「執柄勾当（摂家の家来）」、「院司主な役職」　「雑色」、「儒生の修了者（明法道などの難試験に合格した者）」、「判官代」の順である。
English: However, seating was arranged in the following order, corresponding to the order of appointment: Shin-Kurudo, Uji-Kurodo, Sashitsugi and Gokuro.
Japanese: 就任した順に「新蔵人」（しんくろうど）、「氏蔵人」（うじくろうど）、「差次」（さしつぎ）、「極﨟」（ごくろう）という席次があった。
English: However, if this person did not want to leave his position as a Tenjobito to become a Jigenin, he turned down the new rank, remained at the Sixth Rank and took a Shin Kurodo position once more.
Japanese: なお、殿上人から退くことをよしとしない者はあえて叙爵を受けず、六位に留まり、改めて末席の「新蔵人」となる。
English: From medieval times onwards, the position of Goi no Kurodo gradually became a position occupied by Tosho-ke (hereditary court nobles) known as Meika (important families), and the practice of Rokui no Kurodo (Sixth Rank Kurodo) rising to Goi no Kurodo died out.
Japanese: 中世以降、五位蔵人は次第に名家(公家)と呼ばれる堂上家が経る職となり六位蔵人が五位蔵人となることはなくなっていった。
English: Therefore, persons at the Rokui no Kurod post had to to either follow the 'Gyakutai' practice or become a jigenin.
Japanese: そのため「鷁退」か五位の地下人になるかいずれかを選ばなければならなくなった。