nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: How to sing, tunes and pitches, and rhythm were written in the books, but it was recondite for ordinary people (perhaps even for professionals).
Japanese: 歌い方の心得や、音律や拍子などが記されているようであるが、一般人には（おそらくは専門家でも）解読は難しい。
English: It covers the years 1418-48.
Japanese: 1418年（応永25年）から1448年（嘉吉3年）までの記載がある。
English: Only the records written between 1425 and 1426 are extant in a perfect condition, but most of the diary has been quoted in catalogues, excerpts, and buruiki (categorized collection of court events and practices), so its contents are mostly known except the records written during the seven years in the middle.
Japanese: 完全に存在するのは、1425年-1426年（応永32・33年）のみであるが、古くから目録・抜書・部類記などの形での引用が多くなされたことがあり、途中の7年分を除けばその内容の多くが把握できる。
English: From these experiences, he knew well the movement of both the Imperial court and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), so the diary is regarded as an important historical material written in the mid-Muromachi period.
Japanese: その経験から朝廷・室町幕府双方の動向に通じていたため、室町時代中期の重要な資料とされる。
English: Akazome Emon (approximately 956 - after 1041) was a nyobo (court lady) and a waka poet in the Heian period.
Japanese: 赤染衛門（あかぞめえもん、天暦10年（956年）頃？-長久2年（1041年）以後）は、平安時代の女房、女流歌人。
English: Her children were OE no Takachika and Gojiju, and Takachika's grandchild was OE no Masafusa.
Japanese: 子に大江挙周、江侍従（ごうじじゅう）らがおり、挙周の孫に大江匡房がいる。
English: Akazome Emon served MINAMOTO no Rinshi, FUJIWARA no Michinaga's wife and her daughter Jotomonin FUJIWARA no Shoshi, and she was praised together with Izumi Shikibu.
Japanese: 赤染衛門は、藤原道長の正妻源倫子とその娘である上東門院藤原彰子に仕え、和泉式部と並び称された。
English: While Izumi Shikibu had a passionate poetic style, Akazome Emon's was gentle and elegant.
Japanese: 和泉式部が情熱的な歌風なのに対して、赤染衛門は穏やかで典雅な歌風と言われる。
English: After her husband Masahira's death in 1013, she dedicated herself to religion and fostering princesses.
Japanese: 1012年（長和元年）の夫匡衡が没した後は信仰と子女の育成に尽くした。
English: She participated in the Kanpaku sadaijin Yorimichi Uta-awase (poetry competition hosted by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, chief adviser of the Emperor and minister of the left) in 1035, and in the Kokiden no Nyogo Seishi Uta-awase (poetry competition hosted by FUJIWARA no Seishi of nyogo of Emperor Gosuzaku) in 1041.
Japanese: 1035年（長元8年）関白左大臣頼通歌合や、1041年（長久2年）弘徽殿女御生子歌合などに出詠している。
English: Poem 56 - If I knew you were not coming, I would have gone to bed without hesitation. Since I believed your words, the evening went on and I waited you until I saw the moon set in the mountain in the west ("Goshuishu" Koi [Love] 680).
Japanese: 59番やすらはで寝なましものをさ夜ふけてかたぶくまでの月を見しかな　（「後拾遺集」恋680）
English: His name was sometimes written as OTOMO (大伴) no Kuronushi, but he was said to be the descendent of Prince Otomo(大友) (Emperor Kobun), not the Otomo (大伴) clan, which was one of the local ruling families in ancient times.
Japanese: 大伴黒主と記載される事もあるが、古代豪族の大伴氏ではなく、大友皇子（弘文天皇）の末裔と伝えられている。
English: Regarding his origin, the genealogy of 'Prince Otomo-Yota-no-okimi (family name was Otomo)-Totomumaro-Kuronushi' was described in "Honcho koin jounroku" (the Emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period).
Japanese: 出自に関して、『本朝皇胤紹運録』に「大友皇子─与多王（大友賜姓）─都堵牟麿─黒主」と系図を掲げる。
English: However, it was incorrect to describe him as koin (descendent of emperors), and it was apparent as described in "a list of Kokin Wakashu" as 'OTOMO no Kuronushi Suguri' and in "Tendai-zasu-ki" (Archives of Tendai-zasu) Vol.1, Anne Oshofu (Genealogies of Anne Osho) as '(Shiga County) Dairyo (district head) Juhachiinojo (Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade) OTOMO no Suguri Kuronushi.'
Japanese: しかし、皇裔とするのは誤りで、そのことは、『古今和歌集目録』に「大伴黒主村主」、また『天台座主記』第一巻安慧和尚譜に「（滋賀郡）大領従八位上大友村主黒主」とあることから明らかである。
English: The Otomo-suguri clan was Shoban (descendent of people from overseas) and it said 'he was the descendent of Kentei (the last emperor) of the Later Han Dynasty' in the Article of January, 838 of "Shoku Nihon Koki" (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued).
Japanese: 大友村主氏は諸蕃（渡来人の子孫）で、『続日本後紀』承和(日本)四年十二月条に「後漢献帝苗裔也」とある。
English: In Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (Japanese preface of the Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), he is described as follows; 'The poems of OTOMO no Kuronushi are scruffy and have little character. It's like a old man, carrying firewood on his back in a mountain village, is resting under a flower tree.'
Japanese: 古今和歌集仮名序では、「大伴黒主はそのさまいやし。いはば薪を負へる山人の花の陰にやすめるが如し」と評される。
English: When I remember you and miss you, I come and go around your house crying like a goose flies by crying, but do you know about it? No, you don't (Kokin Wakashu 735).
Japanese: 思ひいでて恋しきときははつかりのなきてわたると人知るらめや（古今集735）
English: Let's drop by Mt.Kagami (鏡山) and look at myself in a mirror like its name (鏡 means mirror, 山 means mountain) whether I get old or not (Kokin Wakashu 899, there was a comment that said it might be Kuronushi's poem).
Japanese: 鏡山いざたちよりて見てゆかむ年へぬる身は老いやしぬると（古今集899。左註に黒主の歌かとする説を記す）
English: Mt.Kagami in Omi (present Shiga Prefecture) - there is a mirror according to its name, so a thousand years of Oigimi's (oldest sister) long life can be seen (Kokin Wakashu 1086).
Japanese: 近江のや鏡の山をたてたればかねてぞ見ゆる君が千歳は（古今集1086）
English: Why did I give my heart to miru (a trough shell) on the foreshore even though I am a fisherman who takes alga by diving in offshore? (Gosen Wakashu 1099)
Japanese: 何せむにへたのみるめを思ひけん沖つ玉藻をかづく身にして（後撰集1099）
English: Why did my heart become so shameless and attached to the flowers during spring? (Shui Wakashu 404).
Japanese: 我が心あやしくあだに春くれば花につく身となどてなりけむ（拾遺集404）
English: How meaningless it is to attach to blossomed flowers, and you have no idea that disease is breaking into your body (Shui Wakashu 405).
Japanese: さく花に思ひつくみのあぢきなさ身にいたつきの入るも知らずて（拾遺集405）
English: It is a brand name for Japanese tea (Uji tea) taken from Kisen's poem, "My hermitage is at the southeast of the capital, I live like this in the mountain away from the capital, and I turned myself in the mountain since I felt 'U' (hardship) at the everyday world, and that is why people call the mountain 'U'jiyama."
Japanese: 「わが庵は都の辰巳しかぞ住む世を宇治山と人はいふなり」という喜撰の歌から、茶（宇治茶）の銘柄名。
English: Aside from the fact that he was a priest at Mt.Uji, there is no information about him, so there is nothing to be told today other than the following two poems.
Japanese: 宇治山に住んでいた僧であるという事以外は不明で、下に掲げる二首の歌以外はなんら今日に伝えるところがない。
English: He was said to be the author of Kagakusho (a book on the study of waka poems) called "Wakasakushiki" (also known as "Kisenshiki"), but it is considered today to be an apocryphal book of the late Heian period.
Japanese: 歌学書『倭歌作式』（一名『喜撰式』）の作者とも伝えられるが、今日では平安後期の偽書（仮託書）と見られている。
English: According to "Mumyosho" (an essay on tanka poetry), the site of Kisen's residence can be found deep in Mimurodo of Uji City, and it is a must-see place for kajin.
Japanese: 『無名抄』によれば、宇治市の御室戸の奥に喜撰の住みかの跡があり、歌人必見であるという。
English: My hermitage is at the southeast of the capital, I live like this in the mountain away from the capital, and I turned myself in the mountain since I felt 'U' (hardship) at the everyday world, and that is way people call the mountain 'U'jiyama (Kokin Wakashu 983 or Hyakunin Isshu - one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets).
Japanese: わが庵は都の辰巳しかぞすむ世を宇治山と人はいふなり（古今和歌集983。また百人一首）
English: I wonder if what I see from the trees is the light of a firefly flying about the valley or isaribi (a fire lit on a boat to lure fish) of a fisherman going out to the sea to catch fish (Gyokuyo shu 400, or Hikohimesiki/Kagakusho).
Japanese: 木の間より見ゆるは谷の蛍かもいさりに海人の海へ行くかも（玉葉集400。また孫姫式）
English: KI no Tomonori (c. 845 - 907) was kajin in the Heian period.
Japanese: 紀友則（きのとものり、承和(日本)12年（845年）?-延喜7年（907年））は、平安時代の歌人。
English: Tomonori's official rank was low, just as Tsurayuki's was, and he remained Dainaiki (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs) in 904.
Japanese: 友則も貫之同様官位は低く、延喜4年（904年）に大内記にとどまった。
English: He compiled "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) with KI no Tsurayuki and MIBU no Tadamine, but he died before seeing it completed.
Japanese: 紀貫之・壬生忠岑とともに「古今和歌集」の撰者となったが、完成を見ずに没した。
English: Poems in mourning of Tomonori's death by KI no Tsurayuki and MIBU no Tadamine were included in "Kokin Wakashu" Vol. 16.
Japanese: 「古今和歌集」巻16に友則の死を悼む紀貫之・壬生忠岑の歌が収められている。
English: His poems were compiled in "Kokin Wakashu" and in Chokusenshu (anthology of poems collected by Imperial command) such as "Gosenshu" (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry) and "Shuishu" (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems).
Japanese: 「古今和歌集」に入集しているほか、「後撰集」「拾遺集」などの勅撰集に入集している。
English: In the warmth of the sun on a tranquil spring day, how is it that the blossoms scatter in a rushed way?
Japanese: 「久方のひかりのどけき　春の日に　しづ心なく　花のちるらむ」の作者。
English: This poem is used widely in Japanese textbooks, and is one of the most famous poems in Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets).
Japanese: この歌は国語の教科書に広く採用されており、百人一首の中で最も有名な歌の一つである。
English: In 1159, when TAIRA no Kiyomori, who led the strongest army of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, visited the Kumano-jinja Shrine, FUJIWARA no Nobuyori (who had been involved in the struggle to win Goshirakawa's favor against Shinzei) raised an army, getting together with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo (who had been dissatisfied with the oppression by the Taira family, particularly the inadequate reward in the Hogen War).
Japanese: 平治元年（1159）、後白河上皇方最大の武力勢力であった平清盛が熊野参詣に出かけた隙を狙って、かねてから信西（信西）と後白河の寵愛をめぐって権力争いを起こしていた藤原信頼が、保元の乱での賞与などで平家の圧迫に不満を覚えていた源義朝を語らって挙兵する。
English: Many manuscripts since then have contained descriptions of the glory and fall of the Taira Government, as well as the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 以降、平家政権の全盛や没落、鎌倉幕府の成立などまでを描いた諸本も多い。
English: Though the contents vary among the transcriptions and published books, most of the story consists of a heroic episode of Akugenta Yoshihira (Wicked Genta, Yoshihira) (MINAMOTO no Yoshihira) and a pitiful story in which Tokiwa Gozen (the name 常盤 is also written with the characters 常葉), the mother of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, visits Kiyomori on behalf of her aged mother.
Japanese: 諸本によって内容に異同は大きいが、悪源太義平（源義平）の武勇譚や、源義経の母である常盤御前（常葉とも）が、老いた母のために清盛のもとへと赴く哀憐の話が中心を占めている。
English: There aren't many reliable materials concerning the authorship and writing process of "Heiji Monogatari."
Japanese: 『平治物語』については、成立・作者に関しては、確かな資料は多くない。
English: However, it is certain that the work was completed at least after 1199, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo passed away, because the manuscript of the first edition which is owned by Gakushuin University Library contains an article concerning the death of Yoritomo.
Japanese: ただし、成立に関していえば、第1類本である学習院大学図書館蔵本が源頼朝の死（正治元年・1199）に関する記事を含んでいるので、これ以降であることは確実。
English: Although there are manuscripts that don't contain descriptions of Yoritomo's death, Yasuaki NAGAZUMI claimed that it is almost certain that the manuscripts belonging to the Group One are the oldest.
Japanese: この頼朝の死を含まない本文もあるが、永積安明の説によって、第1類本がもっとも古態本文であることがほぼ承認されている。
English: Yukio ISHII confirmed that the fragment of the oldest manuscript of the story was included in the article dated 1246 in "Shunka shugetsu shoso" (a book written by Sosho), therefore it is considered that the work was completed at least before 1246.
Japanese: また、石井行雄によって『春華秋月抄草』（宗性作）の寛元4年（1246）の執筆箇所に、物語古態本の断片が存在することが確認されており、すくなくともこの年以前には成立していたと目される。
English: This view is in agreement with an opinion by Shigeru MATSUBARA, who identified the handwriting written in "Heiji Monogatari Ekotoba" (illustrated stories of the Heiji Rebellion) with that of FUJIWARA no Noriie in his later years, between 1249 and 1255.
Japanese: これは絵巻である『平治物語絵詞』の書風を、藤原教家の晩年、建長年間（1249-1255）のものであると認定した松原茂の説とも合致している。
English: From the above, it appears certain that the work was completed by the mid-13th century.
Japanese: 以上の説によれば13世紀半ばには成立していたという点は動かないと思われる。
English: "Futsu-shodo shu" (a selection of ordinary advocates) (1297) contains a record that the storytelling by a biwa-playing minstrel had spread as well as the Hogen Monogatari and Heike Monogatari, so it is estimated that by the late 13th century the story was widely known.
Japanese: そして『普通唱導集』（永仁5年・1297）には保元・平家と並んで琵琶法師の語りが広まっていたことが記されており、13世紀後半には物語は広く浸透してものと判断される。
English: It was a common view that the author of the story was the same as that of "Hogen Monogatari" until the early-modern times, but in recent years it has generally been assumed that the two works were written by different authors.
Japanese: 作者については、近世までは『保元物語』と同一とみる理解が通説であったが、近年は別人であると考えるのが一般的である。
English: See the section on the writing process of "Hogen Monogatari" to learn more about the writing process and authorship; there are many overlaps between Hogen Monogatari and Heiji Monogatari, particularly in regard to the writing process and authorship.
Japanese: なお、成立・作者にかんしては『保元物語』の保元物語成立・保元物語作者と重なる点がおおいので、そちらも参照されたい。
English: His poems were collected in Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets), but his personality was unknown.
Japanese: 百人一首にその句が収録されているので知られているが、その人物像は不詳。
English: He had his hermitage at Osaka no seki (barrier station) and saw people passing by and composed waka as follows.
Japanese: 逢坂の関に庵をむすび、往来の人を見て下記のような和歌を詠んだという。
English: "This is the famous Osaka no seki where those who leave for Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) from the capital and those who go back part ways, and people who know each other and do not know each other meet here."
Japanese: 「これやこの　行くも帰るも分かれつつ　知るも知らぬも逢坂の関」（百人一首の札では“行くも帰るも分かれては”となっている）。
English: Also, MINAMOTO no Hiromasa repeatedly visited Osaka for three years and on the night of August 15 (old calendar) was finally initiated into the esoteric music of biwa, "Ryusen" and "Takuboku" ("Konjaku Monogatari shu " - The Tale of Times Now Past).
Japanese: また、源博雅が逢坂に3年間通いつづけて遂に8月15日(旧暦)夜に琵琶の秘曲『流泉』『啄木』を伝授されたともいう（『今昔物語集』）。
English: One theory said that he was a blind biwa-playing minstrel, but another said that he was not blind, just a beggar.
Japanese: 盲目の琵琶法師だったという説もあり、一方で盲人ではなく、単に乞食であるとする伝承もある。
English: The above waka was compiled in "Gosen Waka shu" (Later selected collection of Japanese poetry) and three other poems were compiled in "Shin kokin Waka shu" (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and "Shoku kokin Waka shu" (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry, Continued).
Japanese: 和歌は、上記のものが「後撰和歌集」に収録されている他、『新古今和歌集』『続古今和歌集』にも三首収録されている。
English: Also, many other tales about Semimaru appeared in "Konjaku Monogatari shu " and "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike).
Japanese: また、蝉丸に関する様々な伝承は『今昔物語集』や『平家物語』などにも登場している。
English: His older sister, called Sakagami, visited Osaka no seki to care for the pairs infirmities, and their parting was a sad one.
Japanese: 逆髪という姉が逢坂の関まで尋ねてきて、2人の障害をもった身をなぐさめあい、悲しい別れの結末になる。
English: The years of his birth and death are unknown, but May 24 (by the old lunar calendar, or June 24 in the solar calendar) is regarded as "Semimaru Ki" (the anniversary of Semimaru's death).
Japanese: 生没年は不詳であるが、5月24日(旧暦)（または月遅れで新暦6月24日）が「蝉丸忌」とされている。
English: TAIRA no Kanemori (date of birth unknown -January 21, 991) was a poet who lived in the mid-Heian period.
Japanese: 平兼盛（たいらのかねもり、生年不詳-正暦元年12月28日(旧暦)（991年1月21日））は、平安時代中期の歌人。
English: Kanemori's date of birth is unknown, but considering his father Atsuyuki's dates of birth and death, he seems to have lived to be around eighty.
Japanese: 兼盛の生年は不詳だが、篤行王の生没年を計算すると80歳位まで生存したらしい。
English: In 950, he was appointed as Echizen no kuni Gon no kami (Provisional Governor of Echizen Province) and at the same time demoted from nobility to subject, given the family name of Taira.
Japanese: 天暦4年（950年）越前国権守に任官と同時に臣籍降下し平氏姓を賜る。
English: He held the following various posts: in 961 appointed as Governor of Yamashiro Province; in 964 appointed as Kenmotsu (duty); in 966 raised to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade); and in 977 appointed as Governor of Suruga Province.
Japanese: 応和元年（961年）山城国、応和3年（964年）監物、康保3年（966年）従五位上、天元(日本)2年（977年）駿河国を歴任した。
English: Kanemori is best known for his poem composed in the 'Tentoku Dairi Uta-awase,' in which he had a match with MIBU no Tadami. (The poem was chosen for Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets): 'Though I try to hide it, my deep love shows in the blush on my face, and people ask me "Who are you thinking of?")
Japanese: 兼盛といえば、「天徳内裏歌合」における壬生忠見との対決（この時の歌が百人一首にも取られた「しのぶれど色にいでにけりわが恋は物や思ふと人のとふまで」である）が一番有名である。
English: He was also known as the leading poet who took part in various utaawase (poetry contests) and uta-kai (poem competitions) such as 'Tentoku Dairi Uta-awase,' and he composed poems on folding screens.
Japanese: また、「天徳内裏歌合」を始めとするさまざまな歌合、歌会、屏風歌の有力歌人として知られる。
English: Kanemori's daughter (Akazome Emon) was married to OE no Masahira, therefore OE no Hiromoto and the Mori clan whose family name was OE were descended from Kanemori.
Japanese: 兼盛の娘（赤染衛門）は大江匡衡に嫁いでおり、その血脈は大江広元や大江姓毛利氏にも流れている。
English: When Kanemori divorced his wife, she had already been pregnant with Akazome Emon, giving birth to her after she got married to Tokimochi AKAZOME, so there is an anecdote which says that Kanemori demanded parental authority, taking it to court, although the case was dismissed.
Japanese: 兼盛の妻が離婚した際に妊娠しており、赤染時用と再婚した後に娘を出産したので兼盛が親権を主張して裁判で争ったが認められなかったと言う逸話が伝えられる。
English: Sanukinosuke Nikki (The Diary of Sanukinosuke) is a piece of literature in the form of a diary, written by Sanuki no suke (her court name) FUJIWARA no Nagako during the late Heian period.
Japanese: 讃岐典侍日記（さぬきのすけにっき）とは、平安時代後期に讃岐典侍藤原長子によって書かれた日記文学である。
English: The book consists of two volumes, with volume one depicting Nagako's days as a nurse for Emperor Horikawa prior to his death, and volume two describing Emperor Toba.
Japanese: 上下巻にわかれており、上巻は、堀河天皇の看護を、下巻は鳥羽天皇についてを描く。
English: In volume two, Nagako alternates between the past and the present describing sentiments of cherishing the memory of Emperor Horikawa.
Japanese: 特に下巻は、文中、現在と過去がめまぐるしく入れ替わり、堀河天皇を追慕する心情を描いている。
English: Nijuichidaishu is a collective term for the 21 anthologies compiled by Imperial command as a state project, beginning with "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and ending with "Shinshoku Kokin Wakashu" (The New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry Continued).
Japanese: 二十一代集（にじゅういちだいしゅう）とは、天皇が勅命を出し、国家事業として編集された勅撰和歌集である『古今和歌集』から『新続古今和歌集』までの計21集のことである。
English: "Kagero Diary" is a diary of a female writer who lived during the Heian period.
Japanese: 『蜻蛉日記』（かげろうにっき、かげろうのにっき、かげろうにき）は、平安時代の女流日記。
English: The diary describes the events that occurred from 954 to 974, and is thought to have been completed in or around 975.
Japanese: 天暦8年（954年）-天延2年（974年）のできごとが書かれ、成立は天延3年（975年）ごろか。
English: The title was taken from a sentence in the diary: "When I think upon these fleeting things, I feel I do not even know if they really existed or not, and thus have named my diary the Kagero (gossamer) Diary."
Japanese: 題名は日記のなかの文「なほものはかなきを思へば、あるかなきかの心ちするかげろふの日記といふべし」より。
English: Among other topics, she wrote of her married life with her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneie, her struggles with Kaneie's second wife Tokihime (the mother of FUJIWARA no Michinaga), and her husband's habit of taking one mistress after another.
Japanese: 夫である藤原兼家との結婚生活や、兼家のもうひとりの妻である時姫（藤原道長の母）との競争、夫に次々とできる妻妾のことが書かれている。
English: The diary also contains the records concerning her pilgrimage to the Karasaki, Ishiyama and Hase temples, friendships with the upper nobles, the loneliness caused by her mother's death, the growth and marriage of her son FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, and the marriage arrangement and cancellation of her adopted daughter, whom she took from MINAMOTO no Kanetada's daughter, the former wife of Kaneie.
Japanese: また唐崎祓・石山詣・長谷詣などの旅先でのできごと、上流貴族との交際、さらに母の死による孤独、息子藤原道綱の成長や結婚、兼家の旧妻である源兼忠女の娘を引き取った養女の結婚話とその破談についての記事がある。
English: The diary ends on New Year's Eve, when FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's mother is thirty-nine, just twenty years before her death.
Japanese: 藤原道綱母の没年より約20年前、39歳の大晦日を最後に筆が途絶えている。
English: The following poem which appears in her diary also was selected for inclusion in the Hyakunin Isshu (One Hundred Waka by One Hundred Poets): I lie alone, forlorn, and sigh throughout the night, waiting for the dawn; can you imagine just how long such nights feel?"
Japanese: なかでも「なげきつつひとりぬる夜のあくるまはいかに久しきものとかは知る」は百人一首にとられている。
English: Her diary is considered a forerunner of the women's diary genre, and had a significant influence over a wide range of literary works, first and foremost the "Tale of Genji."
Japanese: 女流日記のさきがけとされ、『源氏物語』はじめ多くの文学に影響を与えた。
English: The diary is also regarded as the precursor of self-reflective literature, in which writers objectively examine their own feelings and experiences.
Japanese: また、自らの心情や経験を客観的に省察する自照文学のはしりともされている。
English: Some scholars state that the diary was written in order to blame Kaneie or take revenge on him, but Yuichiro IMANISHI offered the opinion that it was a kind of propaganda that Kaneie helped to make because the diary contained many of his poems.
Japanese: なお兼家への恨み言を綴ったもの、ないし復讐のための書とする学者もあるが、今西祐一郎は、作中に兼家の和歌が多数収められていることなどから、兼家の協力を得た、宣伝のための書ではないかという説を唱えている。
English: They were written according to the traditional structure of haikai, and became the dominant poetic style from the Muromachi period into the early Edo period.
Japanese: 俳諧の伝統的な一形式で、室町時代から江戸時代以前は俳諧の主流をなしていた。
English: The name 'renku' became common in 1904, when Kyoshi TAKAHAMA advocated using the term in order to distinguish renku from renga and haiku.
Japanese: 「連句」の名称は明治37年に連歌や俳句と区別するため高浜虚子が提唱してから定着した。
English: However, this form of poetry has continued since the Muromachi period, and its form is identical to that of haikai renga.
Japanese: しかしこの形式は室町時代から続くもので、俳諧連歌として歌われていた形式そのものである。
English: Haikai consists of hokku (later called haiku) and renku, but before the Edo period 'haikai' meant the form of renku.
Japanese: 俳諧には発句（のち俳句に）とこの連句の形式があるが、江戸時代以前には「俳諧」とは連句形式のことであった。
English: The reason renku developed into an independent and distinct style is that haiku had begun to flourish, and so "haikai" became a general term that encompassed both haiku and renku.
Japanese: 連句として独立するのは、俳句が隆盛となって俳諧が俳句や連句を含めた総称的な用語になったことによる。
English: In terms of its formal structure, it follows the renga form, beginning with a three-line verse (ku) of five, seven, and five syllables respectively, followed by a succession of two-line verses of seven syllables each, until a length of 36 verses (kasen), 50 verses (goju-in), or 100 verses (hyaku-in) is reached.
Japanese: 形としては連歌の様式を踏襲し、五七五の句の後に七七の句を交互に付けていき、三十六句（歌仙）、五十句（五十韻）、百句（百韻）等よりなる。
English: During the great flourishing of the haiku poetic form, which began with Shiki MATSUOKA, Torahiko TERADA wrote an essay on renku, one of the first such writings to focus on renga.
Japanese: 正岡子規にはじまる近代俳句の隆盛のなかで、連句に注目した早い時期のものとして、寺田寅彦の随筆があげられる。
English: Rohan KODA completed a commentary on the Basho Shichibushu (the Canonical Collection of Haikai from the Basho School), in which he laid bare the compositional style of Basho's kasen (36-verse renku).
Japanese: また、幸田露伴は、芭蕉七部集の評釈を行い、芭蕉の歌仙の構造を明らかにした。
English: Under the influence of this and other prewar scholarly works, contemporary writers and poets of the late 1960s began to try their own hands at creating renku.
Japanese: こうした戦前の業績をうけて、現代の作家、詩人たちによる連句の試みが、1960年代後半からはじまった。
English: The leading figures in these poetic efforts were Makoto OKA, Saiichi MARUYA, Tsuguo ANDO and Jun ISHIKAWA; they used to hold gatherings to create kasen (36-verse poems) together.
Japanese: その中心になったのが、大岡信、丸谷才一、安東次男、石川淳たちによる歌仙の興行であった。
English: Each time they completed another kasen, they would discuss and debate the poem's mood and purpose, thereby exploring the latent potential of renku as an art form.
Japanese: 歌仙を巻いて、その後で付け合いの雰囲気や意図について解説対談を行うという形式によって、連句の可能性が追求された。
English: OKA developed the idea of renshi (linked poem) from such discussions, as well as by pursuing the possibility of composing poems in foreign languages.
Japanese: 大岡は、〈連詩〉という概念をここから発展させて、外国語での詩作の可能性も追求している。
English: Although Ishikawa and Ando have already passed away, Oka and Maruya have continued, as of 2006, to hold gatherings to create renku, the results of which are published in the magazine "Subaru."
Japanese: 石川・安東は亡くなったが、大岡、丸谷を中心に2006年現在も雑誌『すばる』誌上を中心に連句興行が続けられている。
English: It is said, however, that about a million people write haiku today, while only a few thousand create renku, making them quite a small group comparatively speaking.
Japanese: しかしながら、俳句人口が100万人と言われるのに対して、連句人口は数千人と規模が小さいとされている。