nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: He was promoted again to Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) and was conferred the title of jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff) and Echizen no kami (Governor of Echizen Province) in 1826, followed by a further promotion in 1828 to roju (member of shogun's council of elders) of Nishinomaru Goten Palace to support Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, a shogunal heir.
Japanese: 文政9年（1826年）に京都所司代となって侍従・越前守に昇叙し、文政11年（1828年）に西の丸老中となって将軍世子・徳川家慶の補佐役を務めた。
English: To replace Tadaakira MIZUNO, who died of disease in 1834, Tadakuni was appointed as roju of Honmaru Palace, and also promoted to roju shuza (the head of roju) in 1839 after additionally held the post of katte goyo-gakari (director of finance) in 1837.
Japanese: 天保5年（1834年）に水野忠成が病没したため、代わって本丸老中に任ぜられ、天保8年（1837年）に勝手御用掛を兼ねて、天保10年（1839年）に老中首座となった。
English: While foreign ships threatened the Japanese coastal defense by appearing in waters around Japan, it is believed that Tadakuni was feeling a strong sense of danger against Edo bakufu that could not find any solution for loose management of finance which suffered a significant income decline in annual rice tax during the Ogosho (retired Shogun) period.
Japanese: 忠邦は異国船が日本近海に相次いで出没して日本の海防を脅かす一方、年貢米収入が激減し、一方で大御所時代のなか、放漫な財政に打つ手を見出せない江戸幕府に強い危機感を抱いていたとされる。
English: However, while Ienari was alive, the Ienari's close advisers including Tadaatsu MIZUNO (hatamoto or bannerman), Tadafusa HAYASHI and Mochinaru MINOBE (the three were comprehensively called Tempo no san-Neijin) wielded dictatorial power in bakufu, which prevented Tadakuni from launching any reform.
Japanese: しかし、家斉在世中は水野忠篤(旗本)、林忠英、美濃部茂育（3人を総称して天保の三侫人という）をはじめ家斉側近が権力を握っており、忠邦は改革を開始できなかった。
English: When Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA became the 12th shogun in April 1837 and Ienari TOKUGAWA, Ogosho, died in leap January 1841, Tadakuni first dismissed close advisors of Ienari and newly employed Kagemoto TOYAMA, Sadanori YABE, Masanari OKAMOTO, Yozo TORII, Hironao SHIBUKAWA and Sanemon GOTO to initiate the Tempo Reforms.
Japanese: 天保8年（1837年）4月に家慶が第12代将軍に就任し、ついで天保12年（1841年）閏1月に大御所・徳川家斉の薨去を経て、家斉旧側近を罷免し、遠山景元、矢部定謙、岡本正成、鳥居耀蔵、渋川敬直、後藤三右衛門を登用して天保の改革に着手した。
English: During the Tempo Reforms, a memorandum was issued, which says 'strive hard to revive the politics of Kyoho and Kansei eras,' and so many laws were enacted that it was called 'Horei Uka' (laws fall like a rain).
Japanese: 天保の改革では｢享保・寛政の政治に復帰するように努力せよ｣との覚書を申し渡し｢法令雨下｣と呼ばれるほど多くの法令を定めた。
English: In reflection of a massive influx of peasants from farming villages to Edo, Tadakuni issued the 'Hito gaeshi-rei' (a law to return peasants to their villages) to reconstruct faming villages, and also banned luxury goods and reinforced tighter discipline on public morals in order to rehabilitate the city which was loosened up during the Ogosho Period.
Japanese: 農村から多数農民が逃散して江戸に流入している状況に鑑み、農村復興のため人返し令を発し、弛緩した大御所時代の風を矯正すべく奢侈禁止・風俗粛正を命じた。
English: Also, he dissolved merchant guilds as a part of the low-price policy, as he placed a blame on them for rising goods prices, but he minted low-quality coins to compensate the finance shortage of bakufu at the same time, which brought about an outcome completely opposite to a price reduction.
Japanese: また、物価騰貴は株仲間に原因ありとして株仲間の解散を命じる低物価政策を実施したが、その一方で低質な貨幣を濫造して幕府財政の欠損を補う政策をとったため、物価引下げとは相反する結果をもたらした。
English: Also, a strong opposition from daimyos and hatamotos to Agechi-rei (confiscation command of territory) was arisen when Tadakuni tried to force it through in September 1843, and treachery by his trusted retainer, Yozo TORII, was revealed, who switched sides and gave classified documents to Toshitsura DOI, anti-Agechi-rei roju, both of which caused the dismissal of Tadakuni from roju on leap September 13 and the ultimate downfall of Tadakuni later.
Japanese: また、天保14年（1843年）9月に上知令を断行しようとして大名・旗本の反対に遭うなどした上、腹心の鳥居耀蔵が上知令反対派の老中・土井利位に寝返って機密文書を渡すなどしたため、閏9月13日に老中を罷免されて失脚した。
English: It is believed that the reform conducted by Tadakuni was so radical that it caused resentment among common people of Edo who ended up raiding his residence upon his discharge from roju.
Japanese: 忠邦の改革はあまりに過激な改革で庶民の怨みを買ったとされ、失脚した際には暴徒化した江戸市民に邸を襲撃されている。
English: However, when the main ward of Edo Castle was burned down in May 1844, a new roju shuza, Toshitsura DOI, could not gather enough money for the reconstruction of the castle, and this displeased Ieyoshi and led him reappoint Tadakuni as roju shuza on June 21, under the excuse of complicated foreign issues.
Japanese: 天保15年（1844年）5月、江戸城本丸が火災により焼失し、その再建費用を老中首座・土井利位が集められなかったことから家慶の不興を買ったため、6月21日に家慶は外国問題の紛糾などを理由に忠邦を老中首座に再任した。
English: However, it is said that Tadakuni was not what he had used to be anymore and often seemed distracted in his office.
Japanese: しかし昔日の面影は無く、御用部屋でもぼんやりとしている日々が多かったとされる。
English: On the other hand, Tadakuni avenged on Toshitsura DOI and Yozo TORII who betrayed him during the Tempo Reforms.
Japanese: その一方で天保改革時代に自分を裏切った土井利位や鳥居耀蔵らに報復したりしている。
English: However, amid the strong opposition to Tadakuni's reappointment from roju, Masahiro ABE and the former roju, Toshitsura DOI, Tadakuni was suspected of taking a bribe from Yozo TORII and Sanemon GOTO during the Tempo Reforms, which worked as a negative factor to Tadakuni and deprived him of 10,000 koku (2,780 cubic meters) from his additional territory and another 10,000 koku from his original territory as an punitive measure in September 1845, and his territory was reduced to 50,000 koku (13,900 cubic meters).
Japanese: しかし老中・阿部正弘をはじめ、前老中・土井利位らは忠邦の再任に強硬に反対し、忠邦に対しても天保改革時代の鳥居耀蔵や後藤三右衛門らの疑獄の嫌疑が発覚し、弘化2年（1845年）9月に加増のうち1万石、本地のうち1万石、合計2万石を没収されて5万石となった。
English: Tadakuni was placed under house arrest and ordered to retire,then later transferred to the Yamagata Domain of Dewa Province, after Tadakiyo MIZUNO, his eldest son, was allowed to succeed the family reigns.
Japanese: 家督は長男・水野忠精に継ぐことを許された上で強制隠居・謹慎が命じられた上、まもなく出羽国山形藩に懲罰的転封を命じられた。
English: Kichiemon YAMANAKA, Magobei OKUBO, Hikoemon IWASAKI, 丹氏 HAIGO, Heisuke TAKUSHOKU, Koasaburo MIZUNO, Kazusuke NIHONMATSU
Japanese: 山中吉右衛門、大久保孫兵衛、岩崎彦右衛門、拝郷丹氏、拓殖平助、水野小阿三郎、二本松一介
English: Hikozaemon IWASAKI, Heisuke TAKUSHOKU, Koazaburo MIZUNO, Uchizo HAIGO, Monzaemon TSUDA, Tenbei AKIMOTO
Japanese: 岩崎彦右衛門、柘植平助、水野小阿三郎、拝郷内蔵、津田紋右衛門、秋元天兵衛
English: Shirosaburo OKABE, 屯 OKUBO (doubled as sobayonin), Sakuemon INOUE (doubled as Kojonin), Shima YAMANAKA
Japanese: 岡部四郎三郎、大久保屯（側用人兼務）、井上作右衛門（公用人兼務）、山中司馬
English: Hoitsu SAKAI (August 1, 1761 - January 4, 1829) was a painter in the late Edo period.
Japanese: 酒井抱一（さかいほういつ、宝暦11年7月1日(旧暦)(1761年8月1日)-文政11年11月29日(旧暦)(1829年1月4日)）は、江戸時代後期の絵師。
English: The residence of the clan in front of Ote-mon Gate was then like a cultural salon under the patronage of his older brother Tadazane, who was known as a master of tea ceremony.
Japanese: 当時の大手門前の藩邸は、茶人として知られた兄忠以の庇護の下で文化サロンのようになっていた。
English: Hoichi also showed his talent since he was young, for haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), kyoka, ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) and so on, and at the age of 30 published his verse collection 'Keikyokankuso.'
Japanese: 抱一も若い頃から俳諧や狂歌、浮世絵等に才能を発揮し、30歳の時句集「軽挙館句藻」を刊行する。
English: After the death of his older bother, he became a Buddhist priest at the age of 37, following Monnyo who was a high priest of the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and later came to adore Korin OGATA.
Japanese: 兄の没後、37歳で西本願寺の法主文如に随って出家した後は尾形光琳に私淑する。
English: Studying and commending the achievements of Korin, he held a memorial exhibition of Korin's work on July 8, 1815, 100 years after his death.
Japanese: 光琳の事績の研究や顕彰に努め、彼の没後100年に当たる文化(日本)12年（1815年）6月2日に百回忌記念の光琳展覧会を催した。
English: (Two volumes of "Korin Hyakuzu" [One Hundred Paintings by Korin], cut-down version of the exhibition catalog, is a basic material for the research of the Rinpa school of that time. This catalog was later exported to Europe and influenced Japonism)
Japanese: （その時の縮小版展覧図録である『光琳百図』上下は、当時の琳派を考える上での基本資料である。また、この図録は後にヨーロッパに渡り、ジャポニズムに影響を与えた。）
English: Hoichi greatly developed his talent for painting by seeing the excellent works of Korin at the exhibition.
Japanese: この展覧会を通じて出会った光琳の優品は、抱一を絵師として大きく成長させた。
English: He then established his own painting style filled with chic and emotional atmosphere, which was called the Edo Rinpa school, positively adopting the techniques used by the Maruyama Shijo school, Tosa school, Nanpin school or Jakuchu ITO as well as taking over the decorative style of the Rinpa school.
Japanese: そして琳派の装飾的な画風を受け継ぎつつ、円山四条派や土佐派、南蘋派や伊藤若冲などの技法も積極的に取り入れた独自の洒脱で叙情的な作風を確立し、いわゆる江戸琳派の創始者となった。
English: His representative work, a silver folding screen of 'Fuusokazu' (commonly known as the title of 'Natsuakikusa zu Byobu' [Flowering Plants of Summer and Autumn]) used to be in the possession of the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family and is painted on the back of a gold folding screen 'Fujin Raijin zu" (The Wind and Thunder Gods) (Important Cultural Property) by Korin who had painted it inspired by the masterpiece of Sotatsu TAWARAYA (now they are separately mounted for the purpose of preservation).
Japanese: 代表作の銀屏風「風雨草花図」（「夏秋草図屏風」の題名で広く知られる）は、一橋徳川家がかつて所持していたもので、俵屋宗達の名作に影響を受けた光琳の金屏風「風神雷神図」（重要文化財）の裏面に描かれたものである（現在は保存上の観点から「風神雷神図」とは別々に表装されている）。
English: It corresponds beautifully with 'Fujin Raijin zu,' with autumn plants in wind on the back of the Wind God and summer plants in rain on the back of the Thunder God.
Japanese: 風神図の裏には風に翻弄される秋草を、雷神図の裏には驟雨に濡れる夏草を描き、「風神雷神図」と見事な照応を示している。
English: He was also close to Nanpo OTA, Buncho TANI, Hosai KAMEDA and Danjuro ICHIKAWA the seventh and regularly visited Mukojima-Hyakkaen Gardens and Yaozen restaurant.
Japanese: また、太田南畝・谷文晁・亀田鵬斎・市川團十郎(7代目)とも親しく、向島百花園や八百善にも出入りしていた。
English: Kaii HIGASHIYAMA (male, July 8, 1908 - May 6, 1999) was a Japanese painter.
Japanese: 東山魁夷（ひがしやまかいい、男性、1908年7月8日-1999年5月6日）は、日本の画家。
English: While in the Hyogo Prefectural Daini-Kobe Junior High School (present Hyogo Prefectural Hyogo High School), he came to aim to be a painter, and went on to the Department of Japanese-style painting of the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of Arts).
Japanese: 兵庫県立第二神戸中学校（現兵庫県立兵庫高等学校）在学中から画家を志し、東京美術学校（現東京芸術大学）日本画科へ進学。
English: In 1929 while a student, he entered a piece for the first time in the tenth Japan Art Academy Exhibition (Teiten) 'Autumn in the Mountainous Country,' and received a prize for the first time.
Japanese: 在学中の1929年第10回帝展に「山国の秋」を初出品し、初入選を果たす。
English: After he was discharged, he lived for a short time in Ochiai-mura, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture (present Minami Alps City) in which Shoko, his mother and his wife had been evacuees.
Japanese: 召集解除後は小虎、母、妻が疎開していた山梨県中巨摩郡落合村（現南アルプス市）に一旦落ち着く。
English: After his mother died in November, he moved to Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture and later he built his own house designed by Junzo YOSHIMURA, where he kept doing creative activities for over 50 years.
Japanese: 11月に母が亡くなると千葉県市川市に移り、その後吉村順三設計による自宅を建て、50年以上に亘りその地で創作活動を続けた。
English: On the 'Road' which he released in 1950, he painted only a road which runs straight forward, making a new departure in the extremely simplified picture layout.
Japanese: 1950年に発表した「道」は、前方へとまっすぐに伸びる道それだけを描く作品で、単純化を極めた画面構成に新機軸が示されている。
English: His works, turned out energetically one after another based on his visits to northern Europe, Germany, Austria and China, were plain but deeply spiritual and received broad support.
Japanese: 北欧、ドイツ、オーストリア、中国にも取材し、次々と精力的に発表された作品は、平明ながら深い精神性をそなえ、幅広い支持を集めた。
English: He took charge of the paintings on the walls and fusuma (sliding door) of Togu Gosho (the Crown Prince's Palace) in 1960 and the Imperial Palace completed in 1968.
Japanese: 1960年に東宮御所、1968年に落成した皇居宮殿の障壁画を担当した。
English: 'Huangshan Mountains in Morning Mist,' a painting on the fusuma of the Miei-do at Toshodai-ji Temple in Nara City became his masterpiece, which he had spent about ten years to complete in the 1970s.
Japanese: 1970年代には約10年の歳月をかけて制作した奈良・唐招提寺御影堂障壁画「黄山暁雲」は畢生の大作となった。
English: He became more famous and popular domestically by having worked on that project and came to be called a national Japanese-style painter.
Japanese: この計画を手がけたことにより国内での知名度と人気はさらに高まり、国民的日本画家とも称されるようになった。
English: It was he who introduced for the first time to Japan, Caspar David Friedrich, a German romanticist painter he had become acquainted with during his time studying in Germany.
Japanese: ドイツ留学中に知ったドイツロマン主義の画家、カスパー・ダーヴィト・フリードリヒを日本に初めて紹介したのも彼である。
English: During his lifetime, he donated many of his representative works, including works sent to the Nitten exhibitions, to The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo and Nagano Prefecture.
Japanese: 生前、日展への出品作など代表作の多くを東京国立近代美術館と長野県に寄贈。
English: The Nagano Prefectural government added the Higashiyama Kaii Gallery designed by Yoshio TANIGUCHI to the Nagano Prefectural Shinano Art Museum and the donated works are on permanent exhibition at the gallery.
Japanese: 長野県は長野県信濃美術館に谷口吉生設計による東山魁夷館を増設し、寄贈された作品の常設展示にあてている。
English: In addition, his works including woodblock prints were also donated to the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art in Kobe City, where he lived in his boyhood, and the Kagawa Prefectural Higashiyama Kaii Setouchi Art Museum in Kagawa Prefecture, where his father's family came from.
Japanese: その他、少年時代を過ごした神戸市にある兵庫県立美術館、父方の出身地である香川県の香川県立東山魁夷せとうち美術館にも、版画を中心とする作品が寄贈されている。
English: The Higashiyama Kaii Memorial Hall opened adjacent to his house in Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture, where he lived from the time immediately after his discharge following the end of the war through to his death.
Japanese: 戦後の復員直後から亡くなるまで暮らしていた千葉県市川市には、自宅に隣接して市川市東山魁夷記念館が開館した。
English: Furthermore, in Nakatsugawa City, Gifu Prefecture (former Yamaguchi-mura Village, Nagano Prefecture), there is the Higashiyama Kaii Kokoro-no-Tabiji (Spiritual Journey) Art Gallery with a collection of about 500 woodblock prints which were donated later to express his appreciation for a warm reception he was given when he was caught in a heavy shower during a camping trip in his days in the Tokyo School of Fine Arts.
Japanese: また、美術学校時代のキャンプ旅行の途中、激しい夕立に遇った際に温かいもてなしを受けたことに感謝して後に寄贈された約500点の版画を収蔵する東山魁夷心の旅路館が、岐阜県中津川市（旧長野県山口村）にある。
English: Ryusei KISHIDA (Male, June 23, 1891 - December 20, 1929) was a Western-style painter from the Taisho period to the early Showa period.
Japanese: 岸田劉生（きしだりゅうせい、男性、1891年6月23日-1929年12月20日）は、大正～昭和初期の洋画家。
English: In 1891, he was born in Ginza, Tokyo as a child of Ginko KISHIDA, a pioneer in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 明治24年（1908年）、明治の先覚者、岸田吟香の子として東京銀座に生まれる。
English: In 1908, after he dropped out of the Junior and Senior High School at Otsuka, attached to Tsukuba University, he entered Hakuba-kai Aoibashi Yoga-kenkyusho (research institute of Western-style paintings) located at Tameike, Akasaka (Minato Ward, Tokyo) in Tokyo and studied under Seiki KURODA.
Japanese: 筑波大学附属中学校・高等学校中退後の明治41年（1908年）、東京の赤坂(東京都港区)溜池にあった白馬会葵橋洋画研究所に入り黒田清輝に師事した。
English: He became acquainted with Bernard Leach through an art exhibition sponsored by the "Shirakaba" magazine in 1911 and also came to know intellectuals relating to "Shirakaba" including Muneyoshi YANAGI and Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI.
Japanese: 明治44年（1911年）『白樺(雑誌)』主催の美術展がきっかけでバーナード・リーチと知り合い、柳宗悦・武者小路実篤ら『白樺』周辺の文化人とも知り合うようになった。
English: Ryusei himself left plenty of writings including essays and diaries behind him, which were organized into "Complete works of Ryusei KISHIDA" (Ten volumes, Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, 1979 - 1980).
Japanese: 劉生自身も随筆、日記など膨大な文章を残しており、これらは『岸田劉生全集』（10巻、岩波書店、1979年～1980年）にまとめられている。
English: In 1912, he organized the Hyuzan-kai group with Kotaro TAKAMURA, Tetsugoro YOROZU and others, and sent 14 items of his works to the first Hyuzan-kai exhibition.
Japanese: 明治45年（1912年）、高村光太郎・萬鉄五郎（よろずてつごろう）らとともにヒュウザン会を結成、第1回ヒュウザン会展には14点を出品した。
English: (In 1913, the Hyuzan-kai exhibition changed its name from 'ヒュウザン会' to 'フュウザン会' [both are pronounced hyuzan-kai but in different spellings] at the second exhibition and with the former name, there were only two exhibitions held).
Japanese: （なお、ヒュウザン会展は2回で終了し、大正2年（1913年）の第2回展ではフュウザン会と改称していた）。
English: Around this time on, his idiom was changing to a realistic one remarkably influenced by the great masters of the European Renaissance and Baroque, especially Albrecht Dürer.
Japanese: この頃からヨーロッパのルネサンスやバロックの巨匠、特にアルブレヒト・デューラーの影響が顕著な写実的作風に移っていく。
English: In 1915, he sent his work to the first exhibition (the name of the exhibition was changed to 'Sodosha-ten' for the second exhibition and after) sponsored by 'Gendai no Bijutsusha' company.
Japanese: 大正4年（1915年）、現代の美術社主催第1回美術展（第2回展以降の名称は「草土社展」）に出品する。
English: Sodosha held nine exhibitions by 1922, of which Ryusei sent his works to all.
Japanese: 草土社は大正11年（1922年）までに9回の展覧会を開き、劉生はそのすべてに出品している。
English: One of the representative works of landscape painting of Ryusei was "Road Cut through a Hill" which was completed in 1915 and sent to the second Sodosha-ten in the next year.
Japanese: 大正4年に描かれ、翌年の第2回草土社展に出品された『切通しの写生（道路と土手と塀）』は劉生の風景画の代表作の一つである。
English: In 1917, on suspicion of tuberculosis, he moved for a change of air to a rental villa in Kugenuma, Fujisawa-cho, Kanagawa Prefecture where his friend, Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, lived (it is said that tuberculosis was a mistaken diagnosis).
Japanese: 大正6年（1917年）、結核を疑われ、友人武者小路実篤の住んでいた神奈川県藤沢町鵠沼の貸別荘に転地療養の目的で居住（結核は誤診だといわれる）。
English: From around 1918, he came to paint portraits of his daughter, Reiko KISHIDA (1914 - 1962).
Japanese: 大正7年（1918年）頃から娘の岸田麗子（1914年～1962年）の肖像を描くようになる。
English: He used his turning thirty in 1920 as the occasion for starting to keep a diary, which was published after his death.
Japanese: 大正9年（1920年）、30歳になったことを期に日記をつけはじめ、没後刊行された。
English: Sadao TSUBAKI and Kakujiro YOKOBORI of Sodosha moved to Kugenuma due to their respect for Ryusei and there were young men, including Kazumasa NAKAGAWA, who lived in the Kishida family's house without paying.
Japanese: 劉生を慕って草土社の椿貞雄や横堀角次郎も鵠沼に住むようになり、中川一政らのように岸田家の食客となる若者もいた。
English: In 1923, his house was destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake and he moved to Kyoto, but later moved to Kamakura.
Japanese: 大正12年（1923年）、関東大震災で自宅が倒壊し、京都に転居し、後に鎌倉に移る。
English: Although Sodosha was automatically concluded following Ryusei's move to Kyoto, many of the members including Ryusei changed their stage of activities to the Shunyo-kai Art Society.
Japanese: 劉生の京都移住に伴い、草土社は自然解散の形になったが、劉生を含めメンバーの多くは春陽会に活動の場を移した。
English: In 1929, at the invitation of South Manchuria Railways (Mantetsu), he made his only trip abroad in his life staying in Dalian City, Hoten (Fengtian), Harbin and other places.
Japanese: 昭和4年（1929年）、南満州鉄道（満鉄）の招きで生涯ただ一度の海外旅行に出かけ、大連市・奉天・ハルビンなどに滞在する。
English: 'Road Cut through a Hill' (1915, The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo) (Important Cultural Property)
Japanese: 「道路と土手と塀（切通之写生）」（1915年、東京国立近代美術館）（重要文化財）
English: Matazo KAYAMA (September 24, 1927 - April 6, 2004) was a Japanese-style painter and printmaker.
Japanese: 加山又造（かやままたぞう、1927年9月24日-2004年4月6日）は、日本画家、版画家である。
English: He graduated from Kyoto Prefectural School of Art and Crafts (present-day Kyoto City Dohda Senior High School of Arts) and the Tokyo Fine Arts School (present-day Tokyo University of the Arts).
Japanese: 京都市立美術工芸学校（現：京都市立銅駝美術工芸高等学校）、東京美術学校（現・東京芸術大学）を卒業。
English: SOGA no Iname (c. 506 - March 22, 570) was a minister during the Asuka Period.
Japanese: 蘇我稲目（そがのいなめ、武烈天皇8年（506年）頃？-欽明天皇32年3月1日(旧暦)（570年3月22日））は飛鳥時代の大臣。
English: (As SOGA no Umako had his ruling base in the Yamato Katsuragi area in Yamato Imperial dynasty, it is speculated that his wife was from the KATSURAGI clan.)
Japanese: (蘇我馬子が葛城県を本居としているため、稲目の妻は葛城氏の出と推測される)
English: In 540, when Emperor Kinmei ascended the throne, Iname was again appointed as a minister and made his two daughters, SOGA no Kitashihime and (Soga no) Oane no kimi, marry the emperor.
Japanese: 欽明天皇元年（540年）欽明天皇が即位すると引き続き大臣となり、娘の蘇我堅塩媛と小姉君を天皇の妃とした。
English: Katashihime gave birth to seven sons and six daughters, and among them, Oenomiko (later Emperor Yomei) and Kashiyaki-hime (later Emperor Suiko) were coronated later.
Japanese: 堅塩媛は七男六女を産み、そのうち大兄皇子（用明天皇）と炊屋姫（推古天皇）が即位している。
English: Meanwhile, Oane no kimi gave birth to four sons and one daughter, and one of the sons, the Imperial Prince Hatsusebe, later became Emperor Sushun.
Japanese: 小姉君は四男一女を産み、そのうち泊瀬部皇子（崇峻天皇）が即位している。
English: In 552, an envoy of Shomyoo (the 26th King) of Kudara (Paekche, a country in early Korea) offered a Buddha statue and several volumes of "Kyoron" (Dharma teachings of Buddha and its commentaries) to the Emperor and praised the virtue of Buddhism (Official introduction of Buddhism).
Japanese: 欽明天皇13年（552年）百済の聖明王の使者が仏像と経論数巻を献じ、上表して仏教の功徳をたたえた（仏教公伝）。
English: Iname answered 'considering that all the western countries admire the Buddha statue, it is not possible for Japan to be an exception.'
Japanese: 稲目は「西蕃諸国々はみなこれを礼拝しており、日本だけがこれに背くことができましょうか」（「西蕃諸國一皆禮之豐秋日本豈獨背也」）と答えた。
English: On the other hand, other officials, MONONOBE no Okoshi and NAKATOMI no Kamako, objected Iname's opinion by saying 'the king of our country enshrines Yasogami (many gods) of heaven and earth.
Japanese: これに対して連の物部尾輿と連の中臣鎌子は「わが国の王は天地百八十神を祭っています。
English: If we worship banshin (God believed by foreigners), the wrath of our country Gods will be incurred'.
Japanese: 蕃神を礼拝すれば国神の怒りをまねくでしょう」（「我國家之王天下者恆以天地社稷百八十神春夏秋冬祭拜為事方今改拜蕃神恐致國神之怒」）と反対した。
English: Okoshi and Kamako blamed Iname's worship for the catastrophe and persuaded the emperor into disposing the statue.
Japanese: 尾輿と鎌子は蕃神礼拝のためだとして、仏像の廃棄を奏上し、天皇はこれを許した。
English: However, it does not mean Buddhism was completely removed from Japan; a year later in 533, the Emperor ordered to build two Buddha statues by pulling camphor trees from underwater.
Japanese: しかし、これで仏教が完全に排除された訳ではなく、翌欽明天皇14年（553年）には海中から樟木を引き上げて、天皇は仏像2体を造らせている。
English: The conflict did not end in their generation, and their sons, SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya, took over the battle.
Japanese: 決着はつかず、この争いは子の蘇我馬子、物部守屋の代まで引き継がれた。
English: Kaita MURAYAMA (September 15, 1896-February 20, 1919) was a Western-style painter who lived during the Taisho period.
Japanese: 村山槐多（むらやまかいた、1896年9月15日-1919年2月20日）は、大正期の洋画家。
English: Since he was a teenager, he had indulged in reading books by Charles BAUDELAIRE and Arthur RIMBAUD, and he also often wrote poems.
Japanese: 10代からシャルル・ボードレールやアルチュール・ランボーに読み耽り、詩作もよくした。
English: He suffered from tuberculous pneumonia due to his precociousness, decadent lifestyle and the agonies of frustrated love.
Japanese: その早熟さ、デカダン的な生活、失恋による心の痛みなどにより、結核性肺炎を患っていた。
English: Also, having died at the age of 22, he is often compared to his contemporary, Shoji SEKINE, based on their premature death; however, their styles are totally different.
Japanese: また、22歳の若さで夭折した点まで同時代の関根正二とよく比較されるが、2人の作風は全く異なっている。
English: Murayama's portraits, which reflect the painter's surging emotions and unease, are not highly skilled but leave an unforgettable, deep impression.
Japanese: 画家自身のほとばしる情念や不安を反映した村山の人物像は、器用ではないが、一度見たら忘れられない強烈な印象を残すものである。
English: 1896: He was born the first son to an elementary school teacher, Tanisuke MURAYAMA, and his wife Tama in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
Japanese: 1896年―小学校教師村山谷助、たまの長男として、神奈川県横浜市で生まれる
English: 1897: He moved from Okazaki-cho, Nukata County, Aichi Prefecture to Kodakasa-mura, Tosa County (present Kochi City), Kochi Prefecture.
Japanese: 1897年―愛知県額田郡岡崎町から高知県土佐郡小高坂村（現在の高知市）に移り住む
English: 1903: He finished Dohda Nursery School (present Kyoto Municipal Dohda Kindergarten) and entered Kyoto Municipal Kasuga Elementary School.
Japanese: 1903年―銅駝保育所（現京都市立銅駝幼稚園）卒業、京都市立春日小学校入学
English: 1909: He graduated from the elementary School attached to the Normal School of Kyoto Prefecture (present Kyoto Primary School, attached to Kyoto University of Education) and entered the Kyoto Prefectural Daiichi Junior High School (present Kyoto Prefectural Rakuhoku High School).
Japanese: 1909年―京都府師範学校付属小学校（現在の京都教育大学付属小学校）卒業、京都府立第一中学校（現在の京都府立洛北高等学校）に入学
English: 1914: He graduated from the Kyoto Prefectural Daiichi Junior High School and became a research student at the Nihon Bijutsuin (the Japan Art Institute) in Tokyo.
Japanese: 1914年―京都府立第一中学校を卒業し上京、日本美術院の研究生となる
English: 1918: He submitted 'Jumoku' (Trees), 'Jigazo' (Self-portrait), 'Kujukuri no Hama' (The Shore of Kujukuri), 'Otoko no Shusaku' (A Man's Study) and two other paintings to the 4th Nihon Bijutsuin shisaku (trial piece) exhibition and received an Encouragement Prize.
Japanese: 1918年―第4回日本美術院試作展覧会に「樹木」「自画像」「九十九里の浜」「男の習作」他2点を出品し、奨励賞受賞