nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: TAIRA no Iehiro (date of birth unknown - 1156) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived in the late Heian period.
Japanese: 平家弘（たいらのいえひろ、生年未詳-保元元年(1156年)）は平安時代末期の武将。
English: Iehiro served as a valet to the Retired Emperor Sutoku in Kyoto, and at the petition of Kofuku-ji Temple to recall personnel affairs by the priests in 1150, he served as Kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) at the Imperial Palace of Sutoku-in.
Japanese: 家弘は京において崇徳上皇に近侍し、久安6年(1150年)の興福寺の強訴の際には、検非違使として崇徳院御所に詰める。
English: In 1152, he captured MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi, who broke into the Imperial Palace of Sutoku-in.
Japanese: 仁平3年(1152年)には崇徳院御所に乱入した源満義を捕縛している。
English: Based on these events, he led his clan and sided with the Retired Emperor Sutoku at the Hogen War in 1156.
Japanese: こうした縁から保元元年(1156年)の保元の乱においては、一族を率いて崇徳上皇方に参加。
English: In a ceremony executed by FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, he was appointed to hogandai (an administrative official of the Retired-Emperor's Office) along with MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, and he guarded the Kasugamen Gate.
Japanese: 藤原頼長の行った除目によって源為義とともに判官代に任ぜられ、春日面の門の守護にあたる。
English: Facing defeat on the battlefield, he escaped and went on to guard the Retired Emperor with his son, TAIRA no Mitsuhiro.
Japanese: 味方の敗戦が決まり総崩れとなると、子の平光弘とともに上皇を警護して戦場を脱出。
English: At this time, he tried to enter the priesthood along with the Retired Emperor, but gave up the idea because of the Retired Emperor's opposition.
Japanese: この際、上皇の後を追って出家しようとしたが、上皇の反対によって思い止まったという。
English: He met his end on Mt. Oe in Kyoto, along with his children and his younger brother, when he was beheaded at the hands of MINAMOTO no Yoshiyasu.
Japanese: 最後は京都大江山にて、子弟とともに源義康の手によって斬首されている。
English: FUJIWARA no Sanesue (1035 - February 10, 1092) was a Kugyo (the top court official) during the Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原実季（ふじわらのさねすえ、長元8年(1035年)-寛治5年12月24日(旧暦)(1092年2月4日)）は、平安時代の公卿。
English: As his sister FUJIWARA no Moshi (adopted daughter of FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu) became Emperor Shirakawa's mother as a nyogo (consort) of Emperor Gosanjo, he gained the confidence of two emperors who were Emperor Gosanjo and Emperor Shirakawa and worked as In no tsukasa betto (Secretary of the office of the retired emperor's government) for Emperor Gosanjo.
Japanese: 妹の藤原茂子（藤原能信養女）が後三条天皇の女御として白河天皇の生母となったことから後三条・白河の二代の新任篤く、後三条の院司別当を務める。
English: Then, his daughter Ishi married to Emperor Horikawa and became Emperor Toba's mother, he therefore consolidated power.
Japanese: さらに、娘の苡子が堀河天皇に入内し鳥羽天皇の生母となったことによって、その権力基盤を盤石なものとした。
English: He was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) in 1075, Dainagon in 1083 and established the power base of Kanin line for the future generations.
Japanese: 承保2年(1075年)に正二位、永保3年(1083年)に大納言にまで昇り、後世における閑院流の繁栄の礎を築いた。
English: MINAMOTO no Nakaakira (unknown - February 20, 1219) was a noble and a Confucian scholar from the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 源仲章（みなもとのなかあきら、？-建保7年1月27日(旧暦)（1219年2月13日））は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前期にかけての貴族・儒学者。
English: As he was born in a family of In no kinshin (vassal attending on a retired emperor), he served the retired Emperor Gotoba, but also had kept contact with the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and became qualified for Gokenin (a lower-ranking vassal during the Kamakura era) even though he was staying in Kyoto.
Japanese: 院近臣の家に生まれて後鳥羽上皇に仕えるが、早くから鎌倉幕府にも通じて在京のまま御家人としての資格を得る。
English: There were some documents showing that he had worked very well as Gokenin in Kyoto since about 1200, serving as Tsuibu (officer of Police and Judicial Chief) and corresponding secretary between imperial court and the bakufu.
Japanese: 京都では、正治2年（1200年）頃から御家人としての活躍が記録され、盗賊との追捕や幕府との連絡係を務めた。
English: Then, he moved to Kamakura around 1206 and became Jidoku (tutor) for seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") Sanetomo.
Japanese: その後、鎌倉に下って建永元年（1206年）頃より、征夷大将軍となった実朝の侍読（教育係）となる。
English: Even though he didn't have a special record in Kyoto as scholar, he had certain extensive knowledge and he was said to be qualified as the shogun's tutor in Kamakura where there were not many academically superior persons.
Japanese: 京都においては学者としての実績は格別なものは無かったが、博学ぶりはそれなりの評価があったらしく、学問に優れた人材に乏しい鎌倉においては幼少の将軍の教育係に適した人物とされた。
English: While working for the Kamakura bakufu, he had kept the official government post in the Imperial court of retired Emperor Gotoba and reported the bakufu's insider information when he went to the capital Kyoto as a 'double agent.'
Japanese: その一方で、朝廷の官吏としての地位も保持して時折上洛しては後鳥羽上皇に奉仕して幕府内部の情報を伝えるなど、今日で言うところの「二重スパイ」の役目を果たした。
English: In 1216, he became a Mandokoro betto (Secretary of government office) in the Kamakura bakufu due to the lack of talented staff (At that time, number of post of Mandokoro betto was two and Nakaakira worked with OE no Hiromoto).
Japanese: それでも、鎌倉幕府初期の人材不足のためか、建保4年（1216年）には政所別当に任じられた（当時は2人制で大江広元とともに職務を担当した）。
English: Then he was conferred Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature) in 1218 by the bakufu's recommendation and was appointed Jidoku (tutor) of Emperor Juntoku concurrently.
Japanese: 建保6年（1218年）には幕府の推薦という名目で従四位下文章博士と順徳天皇の侍読を兼務した。
English: This means that he kept important positions both in the bakufu and the imperial court at that time.
Japanese: これは当時の幕府・朝廷双方にとって彼の存在価値が決して低くはなかった事の反映であったと言えるだろう。
English: However, he was killed with Sanetomo by Kugyo who was Sanetomo's nephew at Tsuruoka Hachimangu Shrine on the day of Sanetomo's inaugural celebration of udaijin (minister of the right).
Japanese: だが、実朝の右大臣就任の祝賀の拝賀の日、鶴岡八幡宮において実朝の甥の公暁によって実朝とともに殺害された。
English: General theories are that he was killed because he was taken for Yoshitoki HOJO who was Shikken (regent) but also there was another theory that he was killed because of being a 'double agent.'
Japanese: 一般には執権北条義時と間違えられたからとも言われているが、仲章が持つ「二重スパイ」的な立場から、彼自身が初めから襲撃の目標に含まれていたのではという説もある。
English: Tsunemichi ICHIJO (1317 - April 9, 1365) was a kugyo (the top court official) from the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 一条経通（いちじょうつねみち、文保元年（1317年）-貞治4年/正平(日本)20年3月10日(旧暦)（1365年4月1日）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代(日本)にかけての公卿である。
English: After the imperial court divided into the Northern and Southern Courts in 1336, he belonged to the Northern Court and held the post of kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) from 1338 to 1342 under the second Northern Court Emperor Komyo.
Japanese: 1336年の南北分裂後は北朝(日本)側に属し、北朝第2代光明天皇の下で、建武(日本)5年（暦応改元前、1338年）から暦応5年（康永改元前、1342年）まで関白を務めた。
English: He celebrated his coming of age at age five and was conferred Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) on January 11, 1322.
Japanese: 元亨元年（1321年）12月15日(旧暦)、5歳のときに元服し、正五位下に叙せられる。
English: His father died in 1325 and he became head of the Ichijo family.
Japanese: 正中(元号)2年（1325年）に父が亡くなると、一条家の当主となる。
English: He conferred Shonii (Senior Second Rank) in celebration of Emperor Kogon's ascension in 1331, however, Emperor Godaigo returned from Oki Province to Kyoto and Emperor Kogon's ascension became void in 1333.
Japanese: 元徳3年/元弘元年（1331年）、光厳天皇の即位を祝して正二位に叙せられるが、元弘3年/正慶2年（1333年）、後醍醐天皇が隠岐国から帰京し、光厳天皇の即位は無効とされた。
English: But, in February 1334, he was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and was appointed as Naidaijin (minister) in the following year.
Japanese: ただし、翌年正月、あらためて正二位へ昇叙され、その翌年には内大臣となった。
English: Kenmu Restoration directly ruled by Emperor Godaigo aroused opposition from samurai and collapsed when Takauji ASHIKAGA's army took control of Kyoto in 1336.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇の親政による建武の新政は、武士層の反感を招き、建武3年（1336年）に足利尊氏軍が京都を制圧することで瓦解した。
English: According to the rule of Ryoto tetsuritsu (alternate accedence from two ancestries of imperial families), Emperor Komyo in the Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) adopted Imperial Prince Nariyoshi who was a son of Emperor Godaigo in the Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) as an heir.
Japanese: 両統迭立の伝統に従い、持明院統の光明天皇は、大覚寺統である後醍醐天皇の皇子成良親王を皇太子とした。
English: He was dedicated to Tofuku-ji Temple because of a strong relationship with donating lands and holding the Jotoshiki (ceremony of praying for safety) for rebuilding the main hall (Buddhist temple) in July 1347 which was burnt down.
Japanese: 東福寺との関係が深く、土地の寄進のほか、関白辞任後の貞和3年（1347年）6月には、焼失していた本堂（仏殿）再建の上棟式を行った。
English: However, as Uchitsugu was on the side of the Southern Court, Tsunemichi disinherited an heir from him and his second son Fusatsune became the heir.
Japanese: しかし、内嗣は南朝(日本)側についたため廃嫡、それに代わり、次男房経を嫡子とした。
English: Therefore, Tsunetsugu ICHIJO, the third son of Yoshimoto NIJO who was kanpaku, became an adopted heir of Tsunemichi in the Ichijo family.
Japanese: そのため、関白二条良基の三男一条経嗣が、経通の養嗣子となり、一条家を継いだ。
English: In an easily understood manner, the western calendar does not take into consideration the difference between the lunar calendar and solar calendar.
Japanese: 西暦年は、分かりやすくするため、旧暦と新暦のずれを考慮せず、単純に置き換えただけである。
English: FUJIWARA no Hoshi (also known as FUJIWARA no Sukeko; dates of birth and death unknown) was a court lady during the late Heian period.
Japanese: 藤原輔子（ふじわらのほし/すけこ、生没年不詳）は、平安時代後期の女官。
English: While "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of Heike) depicts FUIWARA no Hoshi as a daughter of FUJIWARA no Korezane (also known as Torikai Chunagon (vice-councilor of state)), who was later adopted by FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna as his daughter, descriptions in "Sonpi Bunmyaku" (a text compiled in thefourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) and "Gukansho" (Jottings of a Fool) make it more likely that she was Kunitsuna's own daughter.
Japanese: 『平家物語』には藤原伊実（惟実）（鳥飼中納言）の娘で、藤原邦綱の養女となったとあるが、『尊卑分脈』や『愚管抄』の記述から邦綱の実子と考えられている。
English: She married TAIRA no Shigehira, TAIRA no Kiyomori's son, and later served as Emperor Antoku's wet nurse, claiming herself to be Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) and Dainagon Naishi no suke (Secretary of the Chief Councilor of State).
Japanese: 平清盛の子の重衡の妻となり、後に安徳天皇の乳母をつとめ、従三位典侍・大納言典侍（大納言佐）と称した。
English: When Jisho-Juei War broke out, her husband, Shigehira, fought battles in many places as shogun (commander in chief) of the Taira family's army; in 1180 he attacked Todai-ji Temple and set fire to the temple buildings and towers, burning down the great statue of Buddha (known as Nanto Yakiuchi (the Incident of Taira clan's army setting fire to the temples in Nanto)).
Japanese: 治承・寿永の乱が起こると夫の重衡は平家の将軍として転戦し、その戦いの中で治承4年（1180年）に蜂起した興福寺、東大寺を攻撃して堂塔伽藍を焼き払い、東大寺盧舎那仏像を焼失させてしまう（南都焼討）。
English: When the Taira family lost the battle with MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in 1183, FUJIWARA no Hoshi fled from Kyoto with Shigehira, her husband.
Japanese: 寿永2年（1183年）に平家が源義仲に敗れると、重衡とともに都落ちした。
English: In March 1184, when the Taira family was completely defeated in the Battle of Ichinotani by the army led by MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, Shigehira was captured by the enemy.
Japanese: 寿永3年（1184年）2月、一ノ谷の戦いで平家は源範頼・源義経に大敗し、重衡は捕えられてしまった。
English: Shigehira was then sent to Kyoto, where Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa plotted to return Shigehira back to his family in exchange for the three sacred emblems of the imperial family that the Taira army took away when fleeing from Kyoto.
Japanese: 重衡は京都へ送られ、後白河法皇は重衡の身柄と都落ちの際に平家が持ち去った三種の神器との交換を試みる。
English: Sent to the Taira army's headquarters in Yashima, Sanuki Province with TAIRA no Shigekuni as the envoy from the Taira family, Shigehira, who held as a captive and not allowed to write a letter, asked the following verbal message for his wife then moved to tears ("Heike Monogatari").
Japanese: 平重国が使者となって讃岐国屋島の平家の本営へ向かうことになり、重衡は罪人の身で書状は書けないので口頭で下記のように妻への伝言を頼み重国は涙ぐんだ（『平家物語』）。
English: Although it is such a tragedy that we are far apart, our marriage will last forever.'
Japanese: 「こうして別れてしまってどんなに悲しいことだろうか『契は朽ちないもの』と言います。」
English: In April 1185, the Taira family perished in the Battle of Dannoura and while Hoshi attempted to commit suicide by drowning along with other women, she was rescued and captured by the enemy.
Japanese: 元暦2年（1185年）3月、壇ノ浦の戦いで平家は滅亡し、輔子は他の女たちとともに入水するが助け上げられ捕虜となった。
English: After the battle, she lived as a hermit with her sister, FUJIWARA no Kuniko (daibu (master) sanmi (Third Rank)), in Hino, Yamashiro Province (currently, Fushimi Ward of Kyoto City).
Japanese: 戦後は山城国日野（京都市伏見区）に住む姉の藤原邦子（大夫三位）の居所に隠棲した。
English: Shigehira was detested by the people of Nara and they demanded that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo extradite him to them.
Japanese: 重衡は奈良大衆からひどく憎まれており、源頼朝に引き渡しを要求していた。
English: Being a captive, Shigehira was not allowed to enter Kyoto, and as they came near Hino through the Daigo road, which is located between Otsu City and Yamashina Ward of Kyoto City, Shigehira made his last plea, saying, 'I don't have any children that I need to worry about; however, I have a wife who lives near here, so please allow me to see her and to tell her what to do after my death,' upon which convoy samurais, moved to tears, granted his request.
Japanese: 罪人なので京には入らず、大津市から山科区を経てる醍醐路を通り、日野の近くに差しかかった時、重衡は護送の武士に「私には子がないので思い残すことはないのですが、この近くに妻がおりますので今一度対面して後生のことなど申し伝えておきたいのです」と最後の情けを願い、武士たちも涙してこれを許した。
English: Feeling as if it were a dream,' and with tears running down her cheeks, Hoshi invited Shigehira into her house, where Shigehira told her what happened to him after he was caught by the enemy, and bit off a wisp of his forelock to hand it to her as a keepsake, saying that he would have preferred to shave his hair to become a priest.
Japanese: 輔子は「夢かうつつ（現実）か」と涙を流して招きいれ、重衡はこれまでのことを物語りして、出家して髪を残したいがそれも叶わないのでと額に垂れた髪をひと房噛み切って輔子に渡し形見とした。
English: Shedding tears, Hoshi said, 'I should have drowned myself at Dannoura, but I have continued to live, wishing to see you once again.'
Japanese: 輔子は「（壇ノ浦で）入水して死ぬべき身でありましたが、貴方が生きていると聞き、今一度お姿を見ることもあるかもしれないと願い生き長らえてきました」と涙を流した。
English: Hoshi had Shigehira change into a white robe to prepare for death, took his old clothes for her keepsake, and exchanged waka poems with him in farewell.
Japanese: 輔子は重衡を白の狩衣に着替えさせ、それまで着ていたものも形見とし、最後に別れの歌を交わした。
English: Shigehira left her house, saying, 'We'll meet each other in heaven if we are linked by fate.'
Japanese: 重衡は「契りあれば来世にあってもまた逢えるでしょう」と言い残して、立ち去った。
English: Not allowed to follow him, Hoshi dissolved into tears, while Shigehira, hearing her cry, was unable to move forward, and lamented in tears that he should never have come to see his wife.
Japanese: 輔子は後を追おうとしたが叶うことではなく、大声で泣き伏し、その声を聞いて重衡は駒を進めることもできずに泣き、なまじ逢うべきではなかったかと後悔もした。
English: Shigehira was delivered to envoys from Todai-ji Temple to be decapitated at a site near the Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) and his head was put on public display at the front gate of Hannya-ji Temple.
Japanese: 重衡は東大寺の使者に引き渡され、木津川(京都府)の川べりで斬首され、般若寺門前で梟首された。
English: The reunion and parting of Shigehira and Hoshi constitute one of the most important scenes in the "Heike Monogatari."
Japanese: 重衡と輔子との再会と別れは『平家物語』の重要な場面の一つとなっている。
English: Hoshi had the body of her husband brought back to Hino, and after cremating it and holding a funeral ceremony, she sent his ashes to Mt. Koya.
Japanese: 輔子は夫の亡骸を日野の地に持ち帰り、荼毘に付して供養した後、高野山に納めた。
English: She subsequently became a Buddhist priest to pray for Shigehira's soul, serving Kenreimonin (also known as TAIRA no Tokuko) at Jakko-in Temple in Ohara (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City).
Japanese: その後、自身も出家して重衡の菩提を弔い、大原(京都市左京区)寂光院の建礼門院（平徳子）に仕えた。
English: In the Volume of Ohara Goko (Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's visit to Ohara), the concluding part of the "Heike Monogatari," Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa meets Hoshi while she is picking firewood and brackens together with Kenreimonin.
Japanese: 『平家物語』の終末の部分、大原御幸の巻で建礼門院とともに薪と蕨を拾っているところを後白河法皇と出会っている。
English: In the last volume on Rokudo (six posthumous worlds), Hoshi takes care of Kenreimonin, who is on the verge of death, together with Awa no naishi (Kenreimonin's maid).
Japanese: そして、最後の六道の巻で建礼門院が極楽往生を遂げる際に阿波内侍とともにこれを看取った。
English: Hechikan (also known as Bechikan; dates of birth and death unknown) was a legendary tea ceremony master during the late Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Japanese: 丿貫（へちかん、べちかん、生没年不詳）は、戦国時代(日本)後期から安土桃山時代にかけての伝説的な茶人。
English: The first character in his name (丿) is a kanji character (pronounced "hetsu" or "hechi"), not katakana representing the sound "no."
Japanese: なお「丿部（ヘツ、ヘチ）」は、カタカナの「ノ」ではなく、漢字である。
English: According to some people, he was a Doctor Dosan MANASE's niece's husband and learned the art of tea ceremony from Joo TAKENO.
Japanese: 一説に拠れば医師曲直瀬道三の姪婿だといい、武野紹鴎の門で茶を修めたという。
English: According to "Sawa Shigetsu shu" (a collection of Genpaku Sotan's talks about tea) written by Soan KUSUMI (1640), Hechikan used a giant red-lacquered umbrella about 2.7 meters in diameter to create tea ceremony seats at the Great Kitano Tea Gathering held by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1587, attracting the attention of people.
Japanese: 久須見疎安の『茶話指月集』（1640年）によれば、天正15年（1587年）に豊臣秀吉が主催して行われた北野大茶湯の野点において、丿貫は直径一間半（約2.7メートル）の大きな朱塗りの大傘を立てて茶席を設け、人目を引いた。
English: It is written in "Genryu Sawa" (Essays about the Tea Ceremony), published by Chikushin YABUNOUCHI during the mid-Edo period, that 'Hechikan preferred the wabi (taste for the simple and quiet) style tea ceremony, held aloof from popular tea ceremony styles, and never owned expensive tea cups, but was always contented with his life' and that 'although Hechikan was eccentric, he knew the essence of wabi, and other celebrated tea ceremony masters enjoyed having tea with him,' indicating that he was trying to develop a unique style of his own without using expensive tea cups that were popular at the time.
Japanese: 江戸時代中期に成立した藪内竹心の『源流茶話』によれば「丿貫は、侘びすきにて、しいて茶法にもかかはらず、器軸をも持たず、一向自適を趣とす」「異風なれ共、いさぎよき侘数奇なれば、時の茶人、交りをゆるし侍りしと也」と書かれており、当時盛行していた高額な茶器などは用いず、独自の茶道を追求していたようである。
English: Soan KUSUMI's "Sawa Shigetsu shu" also mentions that Hechikan was content to live in poverty, using the same kettle to cook rice porridge and to make hot water for tea ceremony.
Japanese: 同じく久須見疎安の『茶話指月集』には、丿貫が手取釜1つで雑炊も煮、茶の湯も沸かしたなど、清貧ぶりを伝えている。
English: Meanwhile, he enjoyed friendships with celebrated tea ceremony masters and admirers and had an especially close relationship with SEN no Rikyu.
Japanese: いっぽうで、当時の茶人・数寄者との交流もあり、特に千利休とは親交していたという。
English: However, it is written in "Unpyozasshi" (Ethical Criticism) written by Kien YANAGISAWA in the late-Edo period that he was critical of the style of tea ceremony of his friend, Rikyu, who often catered to popular tastes.
Japanese: ただし江戸後期の柳沢淇園『雲萍雑誌』には、利休と茶道を争い、世間に媚びることの多い友・利休の茶風を嘆いたとも書かれている。
English: Some people believe that when he invited SEN no Rikyu to his home, he made a pitfall in front of his house in order to force him to take a bath and offered him new clothes, but anecdotes like this are mostly unsubstantiated rumors.
Japanese: 巷間では、千利休を自庵へ招待した際、庵の前に落とし穴を設けて利休を陥れ、沐浴させて新しい着物を供したなどとの逸話も伝えられているが、伝説の域を出ない。
English: He is believed to have died in Satsuma Province and it is reported in "Sangoku Meishozue" (Geography of Southern Kyushu, compiled during the late-Edo period) that there was a burial mound known as 'Hechikan Ishi' (literally, Hechikan's stone) in Nishida-mura, Kagoshima gun.
Japanese: 同地で没したと思われ、『三国名勝図会』鹿児島郡西田村に「丿恒石」なる塚が記されている。
English: According to Ryokyu Sosa (also known as Zuiryusai) of the Omotesenke school, Setta (Japanese Traditional Sandals) worn in roji (the garden outside a ceremonial tearoom) were originally designed by Hechikan.
Japanese: 表千家の良休宗左（随流斎）の記述によれば、露地で履く雪駄は、元は丿貫の意匠から出たものだという。
English: Akizane NIJO (December 12, 1556 - August 23, 1619) was a kugyo (the top court officials) during the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early-Edo period.
Japanese: 二条昭実（にじょうあきざね、弘治(日本)2年11月1日(旧暦)（1556年12月2日）-元和(日本)5年7月14日(旧暦)（1619年8月23日））は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代初期にかけての公卿。
English: He married two of Nobunaga ODA's daughters (Nobunaga's adopted daughter and his own daughter) and had connections with many political rulers, including Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 織田信長の娘2人（養女・実娘）を娶ったのをはじめ、豊臣秀吉・徳川家康など天下人との接触が多かった。
English: In January 1585 (December, 1584 in old calendar), he was appointed Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and Toshi choja (head of the Fujiwara clan), and in 1585, he was appointed kanpaku (chief adviser) to Emperor Ogimachi, but he resigned as Sadaijin since Hideyoshi HASHIBA (later Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) became Naidaijin.
Japanese: 天正12年（1584年）12月に左大臣・藤氏長者となり、翌13年に正親町天皇の関白となるが、羽柴秀吉（のち豊臣秀吉）が内大臣となるのに伴い、左大臣を辞した。
English: In 1599, after Hideyoshi died, he married San no maru dono (Nobunaga ODA's sixth daughter), who was Hideyoshi's concubine in his late years.
Japanese: 秀吉死後の慶長4年（1599年）秀吉の晩年の側室だった三の丸殿（織田信長の六女）を娶った。
English: He also had a close relationship with the Tokugawa shogunate and was granted to use a portion of the real name of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's first name to the name of his adopted son from Yukiie KUJO, "Yasumichi NIJO," in 1613.
Japanese: 江戸幕府との関係も良好で、慶長18年（1613年）養子に迎えた九条幸家（幸家）の子に、徳川家康の偏諱を賜って「二条康道」とした。
English: In 1615, Akizane was reappointed kanpaku to Emperor Gomizunoo and head of the Fujiwara clan (it is very rare for a court officer to be reappointed to these positions after an interval of 30 years) and also participated in the establishment of Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles), signing the official document along with the former Shogun Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and the current Shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
Japanese: 元和元年（1615年）には後水尾天皇の関白、氏長者に再任され（30年ぶりの再任は極めて異例）、禁中並公家諸法度の制定にも関与して、前将軍徳川家康および現将軍徳川秀忠とともに連署している。
English: (However, his appointment as kanpaku and head of the Fujiwara clan was postponed until after his signing of the official document.)
Japanese: （ただし、実際の関白・氏長者任命日がずれ込んだために、禁中並公家諸法度への連署の日付の方が先になってしまっている。）
English: He was well versed in traditional court rituals and remained active as the leader of court nobles and as a contact with samurai rulers until his death.
Japanese: 古式典礼に詳しく、公家界の長老として、また武家との窓口として晩年に至るまで活躍した。
English: Sukehiro TAKATSUKASA (his first name is written in kanji 輔凞 or 輔熈,, December, 5, 1807 - November 19, 1878) was a kugyo (the top court officials) during the late Edo period (last days of the Tokugawa shogunate).
Japanese: 鷹司輔煕（たかつかさすけひろ、名の表記は輔&20958、輔熈とも、文化(元号)4年11月7日(旧暦)（1807年12月5日）-明治11年（1878年）11月19日）は、江戸時代末期（幕末）の公卿。
English: In 1858, when the Imperial court and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had an disagreement over an imperial sanction for the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan, he was persuaded by statesman of the Mito clan and the Fukui clan to disagree on the Emperor's sanction for the treaty and to agree with the Hitotsubashi group on the successor matter of Seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians").
Japanese: 安政5年（1858年）、日米修好通商条約締結への勅許をめぐり、朝廷と江戸幕府が対立するにおよび、水戸藩や福井藩の藩士に説得され、条約勅許不同意および征夷大将軍継嗣問題における一橋派の意見に同意する。
English: Working with Sadaijin (minister of the left) Tadahiro KONOE and Naidaijin Sanetsumu SANJO, he played a key role in submitting a plan to the emperor to give the Mito clan an imperial decree (Bogo no mitchoku - a secret imperial decree).
Japanese: 左大臣近衛忠煕や内大臣三条実万とともに献策して、水戸藩へ勅諚を賜るよう運動する（戊午の密勅）。
English: As the result, in a series of Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) conducted by Naosuke II who was appointed Tairo (chief minister) in the same year, he was forced to resign in 1859 by an informal decision of the bakufu.
Japanese: このため、同年大老に就任した井伊直弼の安政の大獄の一環で、幕府の内請により翌安政6年（1859年）辞官を余儀なくされた。
English: After Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamongai Incident, he remained suspended as a priest for a while until forgiven in April 1862.
Japanese: 桜田門外の変で井伊亡き後もしばらく謹慎を続けたが、文久2年（1862年）4月に宥免され、謹慎を解かれる。
English: He was ordered to return to the secular world in May, 1862, and restored to the government of the court as the new post, Kokuji goyogakari (a general official of the Imperial Household in charge of the State affair) in January 1863 (December in old calendar).
Japanese: 同5月還俗を命じられ、12月には新設の国事御用掛に補任されて朝政に復帰した。
English: During his service as Kanpaku, Sanetomi SANJO and Kintomo ANEKOJI, who were radical activists of the Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and connected to the Choshu clan, started to gradually increase their influence over the imperial court.
Japanese: 関白在任中、朝廷は長州藩と結びついた尊王攘夷過激派の三条実美・姉小路公知らが次第に発言力を拡大させる。