nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It is widely believed that the castle was built by Mondo KANEKO (金子主水), from a gozoku (local ruling family,) but there are no supporting historical documents to confirm this.
Japanese: 地元豪族の金子主水の築城によるとの伝承はあるが、文献資料(歴史学)にはあらわれない。
English: In the past, the prevailing view was that the castle was built in the era of the Gohojo clan based on the evidence of the castle's nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures), but according to archaeological findings from excavation research the likelihood that the castle was built in the era of the Yamauchi Uesugi family has become much stronger.
Japanese: 従来、城の縄張りの観点から後北条氏の時代に造築されたものではないかとの見方が有力であったが、発掘調査にもとづく考古学的な知見からは山内上杉家時代の城である可能性が非常に強くなってきた。
English: Differences in opinion between proponents of the nawabari-based theory and the archaelogy-based theory are referred to as the 'Sugiyama-jo Castle issue.'
Japanese: なお、この縄張りを主とする城郭史的観点と考古学的観点の見解の相違を「杉山城問題」と呼ぶことがある。
English: On March 28, 2008, in addition to Sugaya-yakata Castle (Ranzan-machi), already designated as a national historic site, Matsuyama-jo Castle (Musashi Province) (Yoshimi-machi), Ogura-jo Castle (Musashi Province) (Tokigawa-machi, Ranzan-machi, Ogawa-machi) and Sugiyama-jo Castle were designated as national historic sites and all these castles were collectively designated as national historic sites under the name of 'Hiki-jo Castle Ruins.'
Japanese: 2008年（平成20年）3月28日、すでに国の史跡に指定されていた菅谷館（嵐山町）に、松山城(武蔵国)（吉見町）、小倉城(武蔵国)（ときがわ町・嵐山町・小川町）とともに杉山城が追加指定され、「比企城館跡群」の名称で一括して国の史跡に指定された。
English: The excavation research project was comprehensive, and the likelihood that Sugiyama-jo Castle was built by the Gohojo clan has declined.
Japanese: 発掘調査はほぼ完全発掘に相当し、杉山城の築城が後北条氏によるものである可能性はきわめて低くなった。
English: In recent years, it has been discovered that the phrase '椙山之陣' was written in the "Copy of the Letters of Takamoto ASHIKAGA" (足利高基書状写) and as the original manuscript was a historical document created prior to the Kawagoe Night Battle of 1546, the assertions of the research above are reinforced.
Japanese: 近年、『足利高基書状写』に「椙山之陣」と記されている事が判明し、この書状の原本が天文(元号)15年（1546年）の河越夜戦以前の史料であることは明白なことから、上記の調査成果とも合致する内容となっている。
English: However, some supporters of the nawabari-based theory insist that Sugiyama-jo Castle was erected by the Gohojo clan since the construction of the nawabari in Sugiyama-jo Castle would be impossible without detailed design plans and Sugiyama-jo Castle's koguchi gate is similar to the three koguchi gates in Takiyama-jo Castle belonging to the Gohojo clan.
Japanese: 一方、一部の縄張り研究者は、杉山城の縄張りが詳細な設計プランがないと施工不可能なことや、後北条氏の滝山城における3つの虎口との類似性から、後北条氏の築城であると主張している。
English: It is hoped that this issue will be more deeply discussed from historical, and archaelogical view points and through analysis of castle history.
Japanese: 今後も、歴史学、考古学、城郭史など様々な観点からの議論の深化が望まれる。
English: Ranzan Ogawa Interchange on the Kanetsu Expressway is located about five hundred meters to the north west.
Japanese: 0.5キロメートルほど北西に関越自動車道の嵐山小川インターチェンジがある。
English: Karamete-mon Gate is one of the castle gates located at the karameteguchi (back gateway), as opposed to Ote-mon Gate (main gate) being at the front of the castle.
Japanese: 搦手門（からめてもん）は城門の一つで、大手門に対して開かれる搦手口の門。
English: In times of emergency, the Karamete-mon Gate allowed people, including the feudal lord, to escape from a castle or escape to outside the walls surrounding a castle.
Japanese: 有事の際には、領主などはここから城外や外郭へ逃げられるようになっていた。
English: The Karamete-mon Gate building itself was often inconspicuous, being small and narrow and in some instances, the Karamete-mon Gate was built according to the specification of a compact Kabuki-mon gate and not a Yagura-mon gate, but it was very securely designed to be adequately guarded by a small number of people, in contrast to a large koguchi (castle entrance), such as the Ote-mon Gate.
Japanese: 建物自体は、小型で狭く目立たない仕様であることも少なくなく、櫓門ではなく小型の冠木門を建てるのみということもあったというが、きわめて厳重で大手門などの大きな虎口に比べて少人数で警備できるように設計してあった。
English: The Ano-shu Guild is a group of craftspeople who installed stone walls, mainly of temples and castles during the Shokuho era (Azuchi-Momoyama Period).
Japanese: 穴太衆（あのうしゅう）は、織豊時代（安土桃山時代）に活躍した、主に寺院や城郭などの石垣施工を行った技術者集団。
English: The Ano-shu Guild people came from Ano-no-sato village located at the base of Mt. Hiei in Omi Province and it is said that they were the descendants of stone masons who constructed ancient burial mounds.
Japanese: 近江国の比叡山山麓にある穴太の里出身で、古墳築造などを行っていた石工の末裔であるという。
English: They were initially put in charge of stone masonry at temples but, with their excellent skills being recognized, they installed the stone walls of Azuchi-jo Castle.
Japanese: 寺院の石工を任されていたが、高い技術を買われて、安土城の石垣を施工した。
English: Thereafter, the Ano-shu Guild became involved in construction of stone walls of castles built by various castellans, including Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: 以来、織田信長や豊臣秀吉らによって城郭の石垣構築にも携わるようになった。
English: It is said that the Ano-shu Guild people took service with the clans throughout Japan and that they began to construct stone walls of castles and the like, but much remains unknown.
Japanese: 彼らは全国の藩に召し抱えられ、城石垣等を施工するようになったというが、不明な部分も多い。
English: Even today, the numerous fringe temples of Enryaku-ji Temple known as satobo (small village temples) located in Sakamoto (Otsu City) lend a distinctive characteristic to the townscape with their stone walls built by the Ano-shu Guild.
Japanese: 現在でも、坂本(大津市)の町に多数立ち並ぶ里坊とよばれる延暦寺の末端の寺院群は、彼らの組んだ石垣で囲まれ町並みに特徴を与えている。
English: Ano Zumi is a colloquial term for Nozura zumi that came into use in the early Showa era, meaning the stone walls that were laid by the Ano-shu Guild using mostly unprocessed natural stones.
Japanese: 穴太積みとは、野面積みを示す昭和初期に言われるようになった俗称であり、穴太衆が積んだ野面積みの石垣のこと。
English: The existing castle towers are those, among castle towers of Japanese castles built during the feudal period from around the beginning of Edo period to the late Edo Period, that have been preserved to date.
Japanese: 現存天守（げんそんてんしゅ）とは、日本の城の天守のうち、江戸時代前後から江戸末期にかけての封建時代に建てられたものが、現代まで保存されている天守のことである。
English: In addition to the existing castle towers (tenshu), there are restored tenshu, reconstructed tenshu, and imitation tenshu.
Japanese: これ以外の天守には、天守復元天守、天守復興天守、天守模擬天守がある。
English: It does not necessarily mean that the existing castle towers are the original buildings that have been preserved from the time when they were first built.
Japanese: 現存天守は必ずしも創建当時の建物をそのまま保存されているものということではない。
English: Some existing castle towers (including that of Himeji-jo Castle and Hikone-jo Castle) have gone through repeated renovations to maintain their near-original splendors, whereas other ones (including that of Inuyama-jo Castle, Matsumoto-jo Castle, Kochi-jo Castle, Maruoka-jo Castle, and Matsue-jo Castle) that were rebuilt while their respective castles existed have remained virtually intact through today.
Japanese: 修復などを繰り返しほぼ創建当時のままを維持してきたもの（姫路城・彦根城）、または、現存天守が在籍していた城が存城であった当時に再建、改築されたものがほぼそのまま残っているもの（犬山城・松本城・高知城・丸岡城・松江城など）もある。
English: Additionally, there is an existing castle tower (of Uwajima-jo Castle) where a part of the building housing the castle tower was destroyed by fire and rebuilt.
Japanese: さらに、付属する一部の建物を焼失または改築されたもの（宇和島城）がある。
English: Other existing castle towers include those (of various castles such as Matsuyama-jo Castle (Bicchu Province), Matsuyama-jo Castle (Iyo Province), Hirosaki-jo Castle, and Marukame-jo Castle) where only the castle towers have been preserved as the main buildings housing the respective castle towers were removed or lost prior to the time when their preservation was decided after the Meiji Restoration.
Japanese: また、明治維新以降に保存されるまでの経緯で付属する建物を撤去、または損失したことにより主に主体のみが保存されることになったもの（松山城(備中国)・松山城(伊予国)・弘前城・丸亀城など）などである。
English: The last group in the foregoing includes the castle tower that was referred to as Gosankai Yagura (Three-storied turret) when the castle was standing.
Japanese: またこの括りには存城当時、御三階櫓などと呼ばれていたものも含まれている。
English: There was an instance where Yasuhiro NISHIGAYA positioned the Uto-yagura turret of Kumamoto-jo Castle and the Daidokoro-yagura turret and Koran-yagura turret of Ozu-jo Castle as sho-tenshu (small keeps), thereby designating these turrets the existing castle towers.
Japanese: また、西ヶ谷恭弘のように熊本城宇土櫓と大洲城台所櫓・高欄櫓を小天守と位置づけて現存天守とすることもある。
English: Castle towers, the symbolic representation of the respective castles, are said to have been brought into existence by Nobunaga ODA, and reached the peak of their popularity around the Battle of Sekigahara, but as the number of castles decreased with implementation of the Ikkoku Ichijo Rei (Law of One Castle per Province) by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), a ban was also imposed on construction of new castles and extension and reconstruction of the existing castles according to Buke shohatto(Acts for the Military Houses).
Japanese: 織田信長に始まったともいわれる城の象徴である天守は、関ヶ原の合戦前後に築城の最盛期を迎えるが、江戸幕府の一国一城令による破却で城郭の数は減少するとともに、武家諸法度により新たな築城や増改築は禁止された。
English: Additionally, since some castle towers (including those of Edo-jo Castle and Osaka-jo Castle) that had been burnt down or destroyed by disasters and the like during the Edo Period were not subsequently rebuilt, the number of castle towers fell.
Japanese: また、江戸時代を通じて災害などによる焼失や倒壊によって、その後は再建されなかった天守もあったため（江戸城、大坂城など）、その数は減少の一途であった。
English: Additional castle towers were lost due to various circumstances such as wars that broke out between the end of the Edo bakufu and the beginning of the Meiji era, the removal of castles according to the ordinance by the Meiji Government to abolish castles, and war damages that occurred during the Second World War.
Japanese: しかも、幕末から明治にかけての戦争や明治政府の廃城令に伴う撤去、また災害や第二次世界大戦（太平洋戦争）での戦災などにより、更に失われた。
English: Up to around 1945, there were castle towers at 20 castles, including 8 castles (Matsumae-jo Castle, Mito-jo Castle, Ogaki-jo Castle, Nagoya-jo Castle, Wakayama-jo Castle, Okayama-jo Castle, Fukuyama-jo Castle (Bingo Province), and Hiroshima-jo Castle) that were destroyed by war damage during the Second World War or accidental fires after that war.
Japanese: 昭和20年（1945年）頃までは20城の天守が現存し、太平洋戦争での戦災やその戦後の失火によって焼失したもの8城（松前城・水戸城・大垣城・名古屋城・和歌山城・岡山城・福山城(備後国)・広島城）もその中に含まれていた。
English: These 8 castles had been designated cultural properties such as National Treasures in accordance with the Law for the Preservation of National Treasures but, today, only 12 castles have existing castle towers that are available for viewing as Cultural Properties.
Japanese: これらの８城は戦前・終戦直後までは国宝保存法での国宝などの文化財に指定されていたものであり、現存天守と呼ばれるものであったが、現在、文化財として見ることができるものは主に12城のもののみである。
English: As mentioned earlier, of the 20 existing castle towers, 8 were burnt down during and after the Second World War in the Showa period, whereby 12 castle towers remain in existence today.
Japanese: 経緯で述べられているように、20か所の現存天守の内8か所の天守が昭和の戦時中と戦後に焼失し、現在は12か所の天守が現存する。
English: The castle towers designated as National Treasures are sometimes referred to as the ‘Kokuho Shijo’ (the 4 castles designated as National Treasures) (as christened by the Tourism Council for the Cities with the National Treasure Castles), whereas the castle towers designated as Important Cultural Properties are sometimes referred to as the ‘8 Jubun Castles’ (the 8 castles designated as Important Cultural Properties).
Japanese: 国宝に指定されている天守は「国宝四城」（国宝城郭都市観光協議会による名称）、国の重要文化財に指定されている天守は「重文八城」と呼ばれることがある。
English: These are said to be the ‘real castles (castle towers)’as contrasted to those castle towers that have generally been reconstructed in modern times.
Japanese: また、これらは一般的に近現代に再建された天守とを比較して「本物の城（天守）」と言われる。
English: An exorbitant amount of money is required to maintain and preserve castle towers, as such work demands the traditional technique of castle building, down to each of the nails used, under the supervision of the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
Japanese: その維持・保存には、文化庁の指導のもと釘一本に至るまで伝統的な城郭建築の技法を求められるため、多額の経費が必要である。
English: Since there are 12 castles, they are sometimes used in calendars.
Japanese: なお、ちょうど12城あるため、カレンダーの背景に使われることもある。
English: Various descriptions, including distinct features of each castle tower, have been given in this section, but articles and reading matters on the respective castle should be referenced for more details.
Japanese: この節に、それぞれの天守の特徴などを挙げているが、その詳細はそれぞれの城の記事を参照のこと。
English: The following list of castles is in order of appearance in Japan’s Top 100 Castles, and the representative crests have been designated by the National Conference of Castle Administrators.
Japanese: 以下は、日本100名城による順で、代表紋章は全国城郭管理者協議会による。
English: Additionally, the terms Shinpan(relatives of the Tokugawa family), Fudai (Hereditary), and Tozama (Non-hereditary) are the classifications of feudal lords in effect at the Meiji Restoration, and the information on Kokudaka is based on the survey conducted by the Edo bakufu in 1863.
Japanese: また、親藩・譜代・外様は明治維新時の区別で、石高は1863年（文久3年）の幕府調べによる。
English: For information on the year of construction and architecture of older buildings, articles and reading matters on the respective castle should be referenced.
Japanese: それ以前の建物の建造年や構造についてはそれぞれの城の記事を参照のこと。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Cherry Blossom Viewing Sites, Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 4th), and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本さくら名所100選、日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（4番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: It is a free-standing, multi-level, tower-type keep consisting of 3 tiers and 3 stories which, among the existing castle towers, is situated furthest northeastern.
Japanese: 天守独立式層塔型3重3階の天守で、現在の現存天守の中では日本最北・最東端の地にある。
English: After the original castle tower was burnt down by lightning in 1627, the three-tiered, three-story castle tower was newly built in the Sotogata (multi-level tower-type keep) style as a yagura (turret) on paper in deference to the bakufu in 1810 and it was reported to be a ‘three-story turret.’
Japanese: 1627年（寛永4年）に落雷により天守を焼失した後、1810年（文化7年）に幕府にはばかって名目上櫓として3重3階天守層塔型構造で新築したもので、「御三階櫓」として幕府には届け出を出していた。
English: With respect to construction, on the east and south sides of the castle tower facing outside the castle, there are 2 tiers of gables where bay windows and ledges are present in addition to oillets instead of windows.
Japanese: 城外側にあたる東・南面には切妻破風を2重に重ねて出窓や出張を設け、窓の代わりに矢狭間を用いた構えである。
English: On the west and north sides of the castle tower facing inside the castle, however, there are no gables, which are characteristics of castle tower architecture, but there is a series of windows.
Japanese: 城内側にあたる西・北面には天守建築の特徴の一つである破風がなく、連続した窓があけられている。
English: Additionally, to resist low temperatures, the orca ornaments and roofs are finished with copper tiles (made of copper-laminated wooden molds).
Japanese: また、寒さに対応するために鯱や屋根は銅瓦葺（木型の上に銅板を貼り付けているもの）となっている。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 29th), and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（29番）美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: It is a nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) castle tower complex, which consists of a 5-tiered, 6-story multi-level tower-type large keep, a 3-tiered, 4-story Inui-kotenshu small keep, a 2-tiered Tatsumitsuke-yagura turret, and a Tsukimi-yagura turret, being the castle tower of the only Hirajiro (a castle built on flatland) among the ’12 existing castle towers.’
Japanese: 層塔型5重6階の大天守と3重4階の乾小天守、2重の辰巳附櫓と月見櫓を付属させた天守縄張りの天守で、「現存12天守」の中では唯一の平城の天守である。
English: Its exterior looks austere with a few gables and black-painted sidings but, since the construction is a multiple attached style, the castle tower gives different impressions to its beholders depending on the angle from which it is viewed.
Japanese: 破風が少なく、黒塗りの下見板がめぐらされているため、漆黒で簡素な外観であるが、複合連結式であるため見る角度によって異なる印象の意匠を見ることができる。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Cherry Blossom Viewing Sites, Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, and Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 36th)
Japanese: その他指定：日本さくら名所100選、日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（36番）
English: It was destroyed by the Fukui earthquake in 1948 but, in 1955, was rebuilt using approximately 80% of the original materials.
Japanese: 1948年（昭和23年）の福井地震により倒壊したが、元の古材を80パーセント近く使用して1955年（昭和30年）に再建された。
English: The castle tower of Maruoka-jo Castle has various distinct features, including decorative wrap-around verandas with high handrails, a well-lit interior compared with the other keeps among the 12 Existing Castle Towers, and slate roofs (with stone orcas) instead of clay tile roofs, which would crack in cold weather.
Japanese: 飾り外廻縁と高欄を有し、「現存12天守」の中では採光がよく室内が明るい点や、寒さで割れてしまう粘土瓦の代わりに石瓦が葺かれている（石の鯱も展示）ことなどの特徴がある。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 43rd) and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本100名城（43番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: A small lookout tower with jutting wrap-around verandas was built on top of the Oirimoya roof structure, being similar to that of the Maruoka-jo Castle keep.
Japanese: 大入母屋屋根の建築の上に外廻縁側を突出させた小規模な望楼を上げた形状は丸岡城天守と同様である。
English: On the top floor of this castle tower, there are functional wrap-around verandas and high handrails in addition to the kato-mado windows, which are actually ornamental and not true windows.
Japanese: この天守は最上階に実用的な外廻縁と高欄が付けられ、華頭窓も付けられているが、実際は窓ではなく装飾である。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 50th), and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（50番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: It is a lookout-tower-type keep directly connected to a smaller keep or turret having 3 tiers, 3 aboveground floors, and 1 underground level built by Tenkabushin (construction order by the Tokugawa shogunate).
Japanese: 天守複合式望楼型3重3階地下1階の天守で、幕府の普請（天下普請）による。
English: The design includes decorative wrap-around verandas with high handrails and a combination of gables in various styles such as the ｋirizuma-style, irimoya-style, chidori-style, and kara-style, presenting a complex and beautiful structure and outline as well as a magnificent sight to visitors.
Japanese: 飾り外廻縁と高欄を持ち、切妻破風、入母屋破風、千鳥破風、唐破風が組み合った、複雑な構造美と輪郭の荘厳な景観の意匠となっている。
English: Additionally, Nobori-ishigaki Stone Walls seen at the Japanese-style castle built during the Bunroku-Keicho War on the Korean Peninsula and a Daimyo Garden Genkyu-en Garden remain in existence today.
Japanese: また、文禄・慶長の役の際に朝鮮半島に造られた倭城にも見られる「登り石垣」や大名庭園「玄宮園」も現存する。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Cherry Blossom Viewing Sites, Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 59th), and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：文化遺産(世界遺産)、日本さくら名所100選、日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（59番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: It is a lookout-tower-style keep interconnecting a large keep, having 5 tiers, 6 aboveground floors, and 1 underground level, and three 3-tiered small keeps, with a 2-tiered, parallel Tamon-yagura (hall turret) being the largest existing castle keep in Japan.
Japanese: 望楼型5重6階地下1階の大天守と3重の小天守3基を2重の多聞櫓で連結させた天守連立式の天守で、日本国内最大の現存天守である。
English: In addition to its structural beauty of the white stucco exterior walls, roof, and gables, it is an interconnected-style castle tower presenting different effects depending on the angle from which one views it.
Japanese: 白漆喰で塗られた白亜の外壁と屋根や破風の構成美の上、見る方向により異なった趣となる連立式である。
English: Himeji-jo Castle is said to be the representative castle that passes along the construction techniques of the period between the late Momoyama Period and early Edo Period to the present day.
Japanese: また桃山後期から江戸初期当時の作事（建築）の技を現代に伝える代表的な城郭と言われている。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Cherry Blossom Viewing Sites, Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 64th), and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本さくら名所100選、日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（64番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: The exterior is finished with black sidings and the top floor has enclosed wrap-around verandas with high handrails, while the orcas are made of copper-laminated wood.
Japanese: 外装は黒い下見板張りで、最上階には内廻縁と高欄を有し、鯱は木造銅板張である。
English: With its jet-black exterior giving an air of masculinity and solemnity, the castle tower was built to be useful in warfare, being equipped with a boulder drop on the second floor.
Japanese: 2階に付けられた石落しなどの装備の点でも極めて実戦的な造りであり、漆黒の武骨荘重な意匠となっている。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 68th) and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本100名城（68番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: Although the Watari-yagura (connecting corridor) turret was lost, it is a 2-tiered, 2-story tower-type keep directly connected to a smaller keep or turret, being the smallest (11 meters tall) of the existing castle towers.
Japanese: 渡櫓は失ってはいるが、複合式層塔型2重2階の天守で、現存天守の中では最も規模が小さい（高さ約11メートル）。
English: There is an open hearth remaining in existence on the first floor, and other features, such as the kara-style gables and trellis windows on the top floor, give an air of dignity to the design of the exterior of the castle tower.
Japanese: 天守1階に囲炉裏が現存し、外観は、唐破風出窓や最上階の出格子の窓などにより重厚な意匠を醸し出している。
English: It is a 3-tiered, 3-story free-standing multi-level tower-type keep standing approximately 14.5 meters, being the second shortest 3-tiered castle tower after that of Hirosaki-jo Castle (approximately 14.4 meters high) and was built on top of the stonewall castle, which is 66 meters tall.
Japanese: 独立式層塔型3重3階の天守で、高さは約14.5メートルと弘前城天守（高さ約14.4メートル）の次に低い三重天守であるが、総高66メートルある総石垣の城の頂上に建てられている。
English: The castle was abandoned with implementation of the Law of One Castle per Province but, in 1660, the castle tower was built as a three-story turret.
Japanese: 一国一城令により廃城になったが、1660年（万治3年）に「御三階櫓」として建造された。
English: The roof of the top floor has gables of irimoya-roof facing the flat sides (the north and south sides) with a Kara-style gable built over the second floor on the north side to make the building appear larger, indicating that special attention is given to its exterior.
Japanese: 最上重の屋根は平側面（南北面）に入母屋屋根の妻側を向け2重目の北面に向唐破風を一つ付けた外観は建物を大きく見せるためと見た目を重視したためである。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Cherry Blossom Viewing Sites, Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks, Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 81st), and the Top 100 Historical Sites of Beautiful Japan
Japanese: その他指定：日本さくら名所100選、日本の歴史公園100選、日本100名城（81番）、美しい日本の歴史的風土100選
English: It is an interconnected-style keep consisting of a multi-level large keep having 3 tiers, 3 aboveground floors, and 1 underground level and a 2-tiered small keep that were connected with two 2-tiered turrets, being, of the 12 existing castle towers, the one located at the highest point above sea level (approximately 160 meters) based on the difference in elevation.
Japanese: 層塔型3重3階地下1階の大天守と2重の小天守1基、2重櫓2基を多聞櫓で連結した連立式の天守で、平山城の比高において最も高い位置にある現存天守（標高約160メートル）である。
English: The castle tower built on top of Kuruwa tenshumaru was restored by the Matsudaira family, relations of the Tokugawa shogunate family in the year following the coming of Kurofune.
Japanese: 曲輪天守丸の上に築かれた構造の天o守は、黒船来航の翌年、将軍徳川家とゆかりのある松平家により復興されたものである。
English: It is the only castle tower displaying Aoi no Gomon (the family crest of the Tokugawa) as the representative crest of the castellan among the 12 Existing Castle Towers and is the newest construction of the Japanese-style castle.
Japanese: 「現存12天守」で唯一、築城主として「葵の御紋」が付されており、また日本では最も新しい日本式城郭建築の天守である。
English: The exterior walls of the first and second stories were finished with sidings, and decorative verandas with high handrails were built to wrap around the white stucco exterior walls of the third story.
Japanese: 1重・2重を下見板張り、3重目は白漆喰の塗られた外壁に飾りの外廻縁と高欄が付けられている。
English: Also designated as one of Japan's Top 100 Historical Parks (the second) and Japan's 100 Best Castles (the 83rd)
Japanese: その他指定：日本の歴史公園100選（2次）、日本100名城（83番）
English: Its design is well-balanced, with the white stucco exterior walls, gables, and roofs with bronze orcas being in harmony with one another.
Japanese: 白漆喰の塗られた外壁や破風と屋根・青銅製の鯱などの調和がよく取れた意匠である。
English: Representative crest: Marunihosomitsukashiwa/Tosakashiwa
Japanese: 代表紋章：「丸に細三つ柏・土佐柏（まるにほそみつかしわ・とさかしわ）」
English: It is an existing 4-tiered, 6-story free-standing lookout-tower-type keep with no castle tower foundation, and its entrance is located in the palace (in existence today).
Japanese: 独立式望楼型4重6階の天守で、天守台がなく本丸御殿（現存）に入口がある現存天守。