nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: On July 25, Shinbu-tai, Koshin-tai, and Kumamoto-tai of the Satsuma army led by NAKAJIMA, KIJIMA, and others fought in defense of Yamanoguchi, but were defeated by the 3rd brigade.
Japanese: 7月25日、薩軍の中島や貴島らの振武隊、行進隊、熊本隊が山之口で防戦したが、第3旅団に敗北した。
English: After having been defeated in Miyakonojo, the Satsuma army deployed its troops in the following formation around Miyazaki, preparing for attacks by the government army from the north, west and south.
Japanese: 薩軍は都城敗退後、官軍の北・西・南からの攻撃に備え、宮崎を中心に諸隊を以下のように配置した。
English: The Kihei-tai troop (Commander: Oshisuke NOMURA), the Nakatsu-tai troop (Company Commander: Sotaro MASUDA), and the Seigi-tai troop (Commander: Shichinojo TAKI)
Japanese: 奇兵隊（指揮長野村忍介）・中津隊（中隊長増田宋太郎）・正義隊（指揮長高城七之丞）
English: The Raigeki-tai troop (Commander: Jorota HENMI), the Shinbu-tai troop (Commander: Takehiko NAKAJIMA), the Hachiku-tai troop (Commander: Shuichiro KONO), the Koshin-tai troop (Commander: Nagayoshi SAGARA), the Hoyoku-tai troop (Commander: Seiichi NIINO), the Kumamoto-tai troop (Commander: Kichijoro IKEBE), the combined troop (Company Commander: Gennai ARIMA), the Kajiki-tai troop
Japanese: 雷撃隊（指揮長辺見十郎太）・振武隊（指揮長中島健彦）・破竹隊（指揮長河野主一郎）・行進隊（指揮長相良長良）・鵬翼隊（指揮長新納精一）・熊本隊（大隊長池辺吉十郎）・協同隊（中隊長有馬源内）・加治木隊
English: The Kanjo-tai troop (Commander: Sogoro ATA), the Sadowara-tai troop (Commandant: Gen SAMEJIMA), the Shibushi-tai troop (Company Commander: Ikizo HORIKI)
Japanese: 干城隊（指揮長阿多壮五郎）・佐土原隊（司令鮫島元）・志布志隊（中隊長堀木井喜蔵）
English: The second brigade, having gathered at Imabeppu to attack Takaoka, started attacking Kamiya on July 28 in cooperation with the detached second brigade.
Japanese: 高岡を攻撃するため今別府に集まった第二旅団は7月28日、別働第二旅団と協力して紙屋に攻撃を仕掛けた。
English: The government army fought a tough fight against the defending troops of HENMI, NAKAJIMA, Shuichiro KONO, and Nagayoshi SAGARA, and managed to break through the defense.
Japanese: 辺見・中島・河野主一郎・相良長良らの防戦により官軍は苦しい戦いになったが、やっとの思いでこれを抜いた。
English: On the next day, July 29, the government army moved the soldiers towards Takaoka by breaking through the dangerous pass at Akasaka on the way to Takaoka, and seized Takaoka.
Japanese: 翌29日、官軍は兵を返して高岡に向かう途中で赤坂の険を破り、高岡を占領した。
English: Having occupied Miyakonojo City, Obi, and Kushima, the 3rd brigade, the 4th brigade, and the detached 3rd brigade closed in on the Oyodo-gawa River in Miyazaki City on July 30.
Japanese: 都城市・飫肥・串間をおさえた第3旅団・第4旅団・別働第3旅団は7月30日、宮崎市の大淀河畔に迫った。
English: On July 31, the 3rd brigade, the 4th brigade, and the detached 3rd brigade bravely crossed the Oyodo-gawa River that was swollen by heavy rain and invaded the urban area of Miyazaki.
Japanese: 7月31日、第3旅団・第4旅団・別働第3旅団は大雨で水嵩の増した大淀川を一気に渡って宮崎市街へ攻め込んだ。
English: Therefore, unable to make any resistance, the Satsuma army retreated from Miyazaki, allowing the government army to seize Miyazaki City.
Japanese: そのため、抵抗できず、宮崎から撤退したため、官軍は宮崎市を占領した。
English: After having been defeated in Miyazaki City and in Sadowara, the Satsuma army forces set up a fighting formation beside the Takanabe-gawa River as follows in preparation for attacks by the government army: the troops led by those including KIRINO, HENMI, NAKAJIMA, KIJIMA, and Shuichiro KONO, the Kumamoto-tai troop led by IKEBE, and the combined troop led by ARIMA as well as the Takanabe-tai troop.
Japanese: そこで宮崎市・佐土原と敗北した薩軍は、桐野をはじめ辺見、中島・貴島・河野主一郎らの諸隊と、池辺の熊本隊、有馬が率いる協同隊やほかに高鍋隊も高鍋河畔に軍を構えて官軍の進撃に備えた。
English: Against this, the government army deployed the 4th brigade, the 3rd brigade, the 2nd brigade, and the detached 2nd brigade on the west bank of the Ichinose-gawa River from the sea side of Hirose, waiting for an opportunity of attacking.
Japanese: これに対し官軍は、広瀬の海辺から第4旅団・第3旅団・第2旅団・別働第2旅団と一の瀬川沿いに西に並んで攻撃のときを待った。
English: After this, this brigade advanced towards Takanabe together with other brigades deployed along the Ichinose-gawa River.
Japanese: この後、一の瀬川沿いに戦線を構えている他の旅団と共に高鍋に向かった。
English: On July 13, after Hitoyoshi was seized, Sogoro ATA, Commander of the Kanjo-tai troop, was ordered to take command of Meraguchi, and reinforced defense in the Mera area by organizing the troops.
Japanese: 7月13日、人吉が陥落した後、干城隊指揮長阿多荘五郎は米良口の指揮を執ることとなり、諸隊を編成して米良方面の守りを固めていた。
English: Then, the Satsuma army advanced and attacked the high Mt. Amatsutsumi on July 23, but was defeated and retreated to Kosinoo.
Japanese: しかしながら、7月23日、高山天包に進撃するも敗れ、越の尾に退却した。
English: On August 2, having received a command to retreat to Mimitsu, the troops in Shiromi moved towards Mimitsu.
Japanese: 8月2日、銀鏡にいた部隊は美々津に退却せよとの命令を受け、美々津に向かった。
English: After having been broken through and seized Takanabe on August 2, the Satsuma army was concentrated in Mimitsu and made preparations for fights.
Japanese: 8月2日に高鍋を突破され敗退した薩軍は、美々津に集結し戦闘態勢を整えた。
English: On this occasion, from the south to the north in order, KIRINO placed his troop in Hiraiwa, Shinpachi MURATA in Tomitaka-shinmachi, and IKEGAMI in Nobeoka, and commanded the troops respectively.
Japanese: この時に桐野は平岩、村田新八は富高新町、池上は延岡に、順次北方に陣を構えて諸軍を指揮した。
English: On August 4, the detached 2nd brigade detoured to the vicinity of Tsuboya along the main road of Kijino, advanced through a by-pass and attacked the rear of the Miyazaki-Shinbo-tai troop (the troop of the soldiers recruited newly in Miyazaki) that had guarded the Watari-gawa River.
Japanese: 別働第二旅団は8月4日、鬼神野本道坪屋付近に迂回して間道を通り、渡川を守備していた宮崎新募隊の背後を攻撃した。
English: On August 7, the detached 2nd brigade attacked the 3rd, 6th, and 14th troops of the Kihei-tai troop and drove them off from Yamakage.
Japanese: 8月7日、奇兵隊三・六・十四番隊は別働第2旅団の攻撃を受け、山蔭から敗退。
English: On the same day, IKAGAMI moved the gun-powder-manufacturing factory and the hospital in Nobeoka and the headquarters to Kumata.
Japanese: 同日、池上は火薬製作所と病院を延岡から熊田に移し、本営もそこに移した。
English: On August 14, the detached 2nd brigade rushed into Nobeoka, and the Satsuma army resisted it by destroying bridges across the Nakase-gawa River in the urban area of Nobeoka.
Japanese: 別働第2旅団が8月14日に延岡に突入し、薩軍は延岡市街の中瀬川の橋を取り除き抵抗した。
English: When the 3rd and the 4th brigades and the Shinsen-ryodan brigade further rushed into Nobeoka before long, the Satsuma army was finally defeated.
Japanese: しかしながら、やがて第3・4旅団、新撰旅団も突入してきたため敗退した。
English: In the night of the same day, SAIGO overpowered admonishments by his military commanders and determined to stand at the front and take command of the Satsuma army by himself in the next morning to fight a decisive battle with the government army.
Japanese: この日の晩、諸将の諌めを押し切り、明朝、西郷は自ら陣頭に立ち、官軍と雌雄を決しようとした。
English: On this occasion, the Satsuma army (of approx 3,000 to 3,500 soldiers) was deployed in the following formation with the Wada-toge Pass at the center (according to "Daisaigototsui Senshi" (a war chronicle of Great Saigo breaking through the besieging armies)):
Japanese: この時の薩軍（約3,000～3,500名）は和田峠を中心に左翼から以下のように配置していた（『大西郷突囲戦史』に依る）。
English: Nagayoshi SAGARA (the Koshin-tai troop), Shuichiro KONO (the Hachiku-tai troop), Shosuke HIRANO (the Jozan-tai troop), Sogoro ATA (the Kanjo-tai troop), Seiichi NIINO (the Hoyoku-tai troop), and Shichinojo TAKI (the Seigi-tai troop)
Japanese: 相良長良（行進隊）・河野主一郎（破竹隊）・平野正介（常山隊）・阿多壮五郎（干城隊）・新納精一（鵬翼隊）・高城七之丞（正義隊）
English: In the area from Mt. Nagao to Mt. Eno in the west, five companies from the Raigeki-tai troop led by Jurota HENMI, from the Shinbu-tai troop led by Takehiko NAKAJIMA, and from the combined troop led by Chotaro NOMITSU were deployed.
Japanese: また長尾山から西部の可愛岳にかけては辺見十郎太（雷撃隊）・中島健彦（振武隊）・野満長太郎（協同隊）らの5個中隊を配備した。
English: In Kumata in the northern part, five companies led by Shohei OGURA and Sanji SATO were deployed as a reserve troop to fight against the soldiers of Kumamoto Garrison.
Japanese: 北部の熊田には小倉処平・佐藤三二が指揮する5個中隊を配備して熊本鎮台兵に備え、予備隊として使用するつもりであった。
English: For this, under the command of Sangun YAMAGATA, the government army (approx 50,000 soldiers) deployed as follows to surround and rout the Satsuma army:
Japanese: 対する官軍（約50,000名）は山県参軍指揮のもと、延岡から北嚮きに,以下のように配備し、薩軍を包囲殲滅しようとした。
English: The main attacking forces were deployed as described above, and the other forces were deployed at the foot of Mt. Eno in the western part as follows:
Japanese: と攻撃主力を部署し、西部の可愛岳（えのたけ）山麓には以下のように配備された。
English: In the early morning of August 15, at the top of the Wadagoe Pass, SAIGO, accompanied by military commanders including KIRINO, Shinpachi MURATA, IKEGAMI, and Shinsuke BEPPU, urged the soldiers to fight more vigorously.
Japanese: 8月15日早朝、西郷は桐野・村田新八・池上・別府晋介ら諸将を従え、和田越頂上で督戦をした。
English: Just then, the left flank of the 4th brigade advanced there to support the detached 2nd brigade and barely managed to drive away the KIRINO's troop.
Japanese: しかし、第4旅団の左翼が進出して別働第2旅団を救援したのでやっとのことで桐野を退けることができた。
English: HENMI and Oshisuke NOMURA supported the Kumamoto-tai troop with reinforcements, but government army broke through the defense.
Japanese: 辺見と野村忍介が援兵を送り熊本隊を支援したが、官軍は守備を突破した。
English: The government army decided to make an all-out attack to wipe out the main military base of the Satsuma army all at once, and made preparations for the all-out attack to be started in the next morning.
Japanese: この機に官軍は総攻撃を仕掛けて薩軍の本拠を一挙に掃討することを決意し、明朝からの総攻撃の準備を進めた。
English: Having been defeated in a decisive battle in the Wadagoe Pass and having been surrounded in Nagai Village, Saigo's army placed its headquarters in the residence of Kumashiro KODAMA in Tawarano on August 15.
Japanese: 8月15日、和田越の決戦に敗れた西郷軍は長井村に包囲され、俵野の児玉熊四郎宅に本営を置いた。
English: On this occasion, in all the troops, soldiers should surrender if want to do so, and should die if want to die; Some high-level samurai behave like low-level samurai, and some low-level samurai behave like high-level samurai.
Japanese: 此際諸隊にして、降らんとするものは降り、死せんとするものは死し、士の卒となり、卒の士となる。
English: Therefore, the leaders of the Satsuma army, who were forced to make a decision, at last decided at 4 PM, August 17, to break through Mt. Eno in order to get rid of the siege of Nagai Village laid by the government army.
Japanese: そのため、選択に迫られた首脳は8月17日午後4時、官軍の長井包囲網を脱するため、遂に可愛岳突破を決意した。
English: To break through the mountain, the troops were organized as follows: the front troop led by Shuichiro KONO and HENMI, the middle troop led by KIRINO and Shinpachi MURATA, and the rear troop led by NAKAJIMA and KIJIMA, with approx. 60 soldiers led by IKEGAMI and Shinsuke BEPPU for guarding SAIGO (according to "Chinzeisentoteigen" (the battles in Kyushu in country dialect), MURATA and IKEGAMI led the middle troop and SAIGO and KIRINO took supreme command of the Satsuma army).
Japanese: 突破の隊編成として、前軍に河野主一郎・辺見、中軍に桐野・村田新八、後軍に中島・貴島をおき、池上・別府晋介は約60名を率いて西郷を護衛した（「鎮西戦闘鄙言」では村田・池上が中軍の指揮をとり、西郷と桐野が総指揮をとったとしている）。
English: The Totsui-gun troop on this occasion consisted of 300 to 500 elites (approx. 600 according to "Shinpen Seinansenshi" (A newly compiled history of Seinan War).
Japanese: この時の突囲軍は精鋭300～500（『新編西南戦史』は約600名）であった。
English: Departed the residence of Kumashiro KODAMA at 10 PM of August 17, the troop started climbing Mt. Eno and arrived at the summit in the early morning of the next day, August 18.
Japanese: 17日夜10時に児玉熊四郎方を発して可愛岳に登り始め、翌18日早朝、可愛岳の頂上に到着した。
English: Saigo's forces found that the guard of the government army on the north side from there was not strong, and therefore, went down the mountain en masse and attacked the government army with HENMI as the spearhead.
Japanese: ここから北側地区にいた官軍を見たところ、警備が手薄であったため、西郷軍は辺見を先鋒に一斉に下山攻撃を開始した。
English: Attacked unexpectedly, the 1st and 2nd brigades of the government army were routed, being forced to retreat.
Japanese: 不意を衝かれた官軍の第1・第2旅団は総崩れとなり、退却を余儀なくされた。
English: Therefore, Saigo's forces succeeded in looting the food, 30,000 rounds of ammunition, and a cannon of the government army.
Japanese: このため西郷軍は、その地にあった官軍の食糧、弾薬3万発、砲一門を奪うことに成功した。
English: Having broken through Mt. Eno, Saigo's forces crushed the Shikagawa-bunkentai detachment on August 18 and decided to advance to the Mitai area.
Japanese: 可愛岳を突破した西郷軍は8月18日、鹿川分遺隊を粉砕し、三田井方面への進撃を決定した。
English: After this, on August 19, Saigo's forces broke the 2nd siege line along the Hori-gawa River, and on the next day August 20, seized Shikagawa Village and Nakagawa Village and rushed to Mitai.
Japanese: その後、西郷軍は19日には祝子川の包囲第2線を破り、翌20日に鹿川村、中川村を落として三田井へと突き進んだ。
English: Here, KIRINO proposed that they should take back Kumamoto Castle, considering that the siege by the government army was quite tight, the terrain was rugged and therefore, it would be difficult for all forces of the Satsuma army to break through the siege.
Japanese: ここで桐野は官軍による包囲が極めて厳重であり、地形が非常に険しいことから薩軍の全軍が突破することは困難であると考え、熊本城の奪取を提案した。
English: However, SAIGO turned down this proposal, and in the midnight of August 22, Saigo's forces started advancing to the south towards Kagoshima.
Japanese: しかしながら、西郷はこれを却下し、22日深夜、西郷軍は鹿児島へ向けて南進を開始した。
English: For this, the government army, which had been shocked by the breaking-through of Mt. Eno by Saigo's forces, deployed soldiers in Yokokawa, Yoshimatsu and Kajiki to prevent the southward advancement of Saigo's forces.
Japanese: これに対し、西郷軍による可愛岳突破に衝撃を受けていた官軍は、横川・吉松・加治木などに配兵し、西郷軍の南進を阻止しようとした。
English: However, this strategy failed, because the members of the Saigo's forces were their best soldiers and superior in mobility, though the number was small.
Japanese: しかしながら、少数精鋭であり、かつ機動力に長ける西郷軍の前に失敗に終わった。
English: The following would be a factor of this: From the start, the actions of Saigo's forces were not taken to achieve predetermined objectives, but to attack weak points of the government army on the occasions, and although the forces departed for Kagoshima, it was after they arrived at Mera that they finally decided to rush into Kagoshima.
Japanese: これは、西郷軍の行動が始めから一定の目的に従っていたわけではなく、その時々の官軍の弱点を突くものであり、鹿児島へ向けて出発したものの、最終的に鹿児島突入を決定したのは、米良に到着した後のことであったということも一因であった。
English: However, although having been attacked there by the detached 2nd brigade led by Major Matsuura, they managed to get rid of the attack, passed Murasho on August 26, and passed Suki and entered Kobayashi on August 28.
Japanese: しかしながら、ここで別働第2旅団松浦少佐の攻撃を受けるも、何とかこれを免れ、26日には村所、28日には須木を通過し、小林に入った。
English: However, prevented by the 2nd brigade that had landed at Shigetomi in the Kagoshima bay to prevent the southern advancement of Saigo's forces, the attempt failed.
Japanese: しかしながら、西郷軍の南進を阻止すべく鹿児島湾、重富に上陸した第2旅団にこれを阻まれ、失敗に終わった。
English: Being forced to detour, Saigo's forces crushed the defenders' troop of the government army and infiltrated into Kagoshima on September 1.
Japanese: 迂回を余儀なくされた西郷軍は9月1日、官軍の守備隊を撃破して鹿児島に潜入した。
English: On September 1, upon entering Kagoshima, HENMI seized Shigakko by removing the government army of 200 soldiers who had guarded, and the main part of the Totsui-gun forces set up a battle formation with Shiroyama (in Kagoshima City) at the center.
Japanese: 9月1日、鹿児島入りすると、辺見は私学校を守っていた200名の官軍を排除して私学校を占領し、突囲軍の主力は城山(鹿児島市)を中心に布陣した。
English: As residents there were cooperative, Saigo's forces brought almost all urban areas of Kagoshima under its control, with the government army guarding only its headquarters at Yonekura.
Japanese: 住民も協力していたことから、西郷軍は鹿児島市街をほぼ制圧し、官軍は米倉の本営を守るだけとなった。
English: However, on September 3, the government army reversed the situation, driving away the front troop of the Satsuma army around the Shiroyama area.
Japanese: しかし、9月3日には官軍が形勢を逆転し、城山周辺の薩軍前方部隊を駆逐した。
English: However, the 2nd brigade led by Major General MIYOSHI, which rushed to Yonekura, prevented the attack and wiped out the Kesshi-tai troop including Kijima.
Japanese: しかしながら、急遽米倉へ駆けつけた三好少将率いる第二旅団に阻まれ、貴島以下決死隊は一掃された。
English: At this time, the number of soldiers of the Satsuma army was slightly more than 350 (slightly more than 370, when including low-level samurai), and therefore, platoons (each including 20 to 30 soldiers) were organized newly and were deployed in the following way:
Japanese: この時、薩軍は350余名（卒を含めると370余名）となっていたので、編制を小隊（各隊20～30名）に改めた上で以下のように諸隊を部署した。
English: On September 8 when Sangun Aritomo YAMAGATA, Lieutenant General of the government army, arrived in Kagoshima, the army compiled a plan of "The first priority should be given to siege, defense and guard, and the second priority to attack" so as to avoid the failure at Mt. Eno.
Japanese: 官軍の参軍山縣有朋中将が鹿児島に到着した9月8日、可愛岳の二の舞にならないよう、「包囲防守を第一として攻撃を第二とする」という策をたてた。
English: On September 19 when the Seinan War entered in the final phase, after having consulted some high-level samurai and officers in Saigo's forces, YAMANODA and Shuichiro KONO visited Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, a relative of Saigo, as military messengers on the pretext of making an explanation of why they took up arms, concealing the real intention of pleading for SAIGO's life from SAIGO and KIRINO.
Japanese: 西南戦争が最終局面に入った9月19日、西郷軍では一部の将士の相談のもと、山野田・河野主一郎が西郷の救命のためであることを西郷・桐野に隠し、挙兵の意を説くためと称して、軍使となって西郷の縁戚でもある参軍川村純義海軍中将のもとに出向いた。
English: This time, I sent Shuichiro KONO and Ippo YAMANODA to the enemy base to inform the enemy that we are ready to die, and I also intend to die at 法庭 based on legitimate reason and with justification up to the end; All of you should feel relieved, and it is vital to resolve not to leave disgrace to later generations, through making more strenuous efforts, because we should fight the last fight, considering dying in this castle.
Japanese: 今般、河野主一郎、山野田一輔の両士を敵陣に遣はし候儀、全く味方の決死を知らしめ、且つ義挙の趣意を以て、大義名分を貫徹し、法庭に於て斃れ候賦（つもり）に候間、一統安堵致し、此城を枕にして決戦可致候に付、今一層奮発し、後世に恥辱を残さざる様、覚悟肝要に可有之候也。
English: On the next day, September 23, SAIGO ignored the recommendation to surrender by Sangun Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, which was brought back by the military messenger Ippo YAMANODA, and did not answer the letter for him from Sangun Yamagata to recommend him to commit suicide.
Japanese: 翌23日、軍使山野田一輔が持ち帰った参軍川村純義からの降伏の勧めを無視し、参軍山県からの西郷宛の自決を勧める書状にも西郷は返事をしなかった。
English: At 4 AM of September 24, the government army started attacking en masse, when batteries of the government army consecutively fired three times as a signal.
Japanese: 9月24日午前4時、官軍砲台からの3発の砲声を合図に官軍の総攻撃が始まった。
English: At this time, slightly more than 40 high-level samurai, including SAIGO, KIRINO, Hisatake KATSURA, Shinpachi MURATA, IKEGAMI, Shinsuke BEPPU, and Jurota HENMI, lined in front of the cave where SAIGO had stayed, and started advancing for Iwasakiguchi.
Japanese: このとき西郷・桐野・桂久武・村田新八・池上・別府晋介・辺見十郎太ら将士40余名は西郷が籠もっていた洞窟の前に整列し、岩崎口に進撃した。
English: Looking at Shinsuke BEPPU who was injured and rode on a palanquin, SAIGO said that 'Shindon (Shisuke's pet name), Shindon, we already have done everything we should do, haven't we?' and, in front of those high-level samurai who kneeled down, SAIGO dropped to his knees, straightened up, and bent his head down towards a far place in the east.
Japanese: 西郷は、負傷して駕籠に乗っていた別府晋介を顧みて「晋どん、晋どん、もう、ここでよかろう」と言い、将士が跪いて見守る中、跪座し襟を正し、遙かに東方を拝礼した。
English: After bowing to the far place finished and preparations for suicide by disembowelment were made, Beppu assisted the suicide by beheading SAIGO as soon as he yelled 'Forgive me !'
Japanese: 遙拝が終わり、切腹の用意が整うと、別府は「ごめんなったもんし（お許しください）」と叫ぶや、西郷を介錯した。
English: KIRINO, Shinpachi MURATA, IKEGAMI, HENMI, YAMANODA, Heihachiro IWAMOTO, who had watched SAIGO committing suicide by disembowelment, rushed into Iwasakiguchi again, and some of them were shot dead, killed themselves by falling on their swords, or were killed in fights while barricading themselves in a fort near to Shigakko.
Japanese: 西郷の切腹を見守っていた桐野・村田新八・池上・辺見・山野田・岩本平八郎らは再び岩崎口に突撃し、敵弾に斃れ、自刃し、或いは私学校近くの一塁に籠もって戦死した。
English: Those including Kuro BEPPU, Oshisuke NOMURA, and Sukezaemon JINGUJI, who did not accept death in battle and considered that they should insist on the meaning of having taken up arms in court, surrendered to a troop of Kumamoto Garrison, and Morokiyo SAKATA to a troop of the 4th brigade.
Japanese: 戦死を肯（がえ）んぜず、挙兵の意を法廷で主張すべきと考えていた別府九郎・野村忍介・神宮司助左衛門らは熊本鎮台の部隊に、坂田諸潔は第四旅団の部隊にそれぞれ降伏した。
English: However, the whereabouts of NAKAJIMA, who said that he would neither surrender nor die in fights, are not known even now ('Kagoshima Rojoki' (A record of staying-for-battles in a castle in Kagoshima) records a tale of a witness of the sight of NAKAJIMA being killed in a fight in Iwasakidani.
Japanese: ただ降伏も戦死もしないと口にしていた中島だけは今以て行方が知れない（「鹿児島籠城記」には岩崎谷で戦死したという目撃談が残っている。
English: As many as 6,403 persons of the government army and as many as 6,765 persons of Saigo's forces died, respectively, in Seinan War.
Japanese: 西南戦争による官軍死者は6,403人、西郷軍死者は6,765人に及んだ。
English: Commander in Chief: Shigeomi MIYOSHI, Major General of the Imperial Army (February 29 -), Iwao OYAMA, Major General of the Imperial Army (March 10 (served concurrently as the Commander in Chief of the detached 1st brigade) -), and Michinori KUROKAWA, Colonel of the Imperial Army (May 13 -)
Japanese: 司令長官：三好重臣陸軍少将（2月29日-）・大山巌陸軍少将（3月10日（別働第一旅団司令長官兼任）-）・黒川通軌陸軍大佐（5月13日-）
English: Commander in Chief: Iwao OYAMA, Major General of the Imperial Army (February 27 -), and Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA (March 28 -)
Japanese: 司令長官：大山巌陸軍少将（2月27日-）・高島鞆之助（3月28日-）
English: Commander in Chief: Toshiyoshi KAWAJI, Major General of the Imperial Army and the Superintendent-General of the Metropolitan Police Department, and Iwao OYAMA, Major General of the Imperial Army (June 28 (concurrently served as Commander in Chief of the detached 5th brigade)-)
Japanese: 司令長官：川路利良陸軍少将兼警視庁警視総監・大山巌陸軍少将（6月28日（別働第五旅団司令長官兼任）-）
English: Tadanori ISHIGURO (a military doctor), Goro IJUIN, Kanetake OURA, Naomichi OSAKO (at the military academy (in Japan)), Mitsuomi KAMIO, Tadashi SATO (in the era of establishing the army), Tadashi SHIMIZU, Ginnosuke TAMURA, Masatake TERAUCHI (his right arm was injured), Hidenori TOJO, Noboru HAMANO (a military doctor), Motoomi YAMAGUCHI (a battalion commander), and Ryosen TEZUKA (a military doctor)
Japanese: 石黒忠悳軍医・伊集院五郎・大浦兼武・大迫尚道陸軍士官学校(日本)・神尾光臣・佐藤正(陸軍草創期)・志水直・田村銀之助・寺内正毅（右腕を負傷）・東条英教・浜野昇軍医・山口素臣大隊長・手塚良仙軍医
English: However, the government had to take over the obligation of paying the debt of each domain and the salary of persons in the warrior class so that the amount of the salary payment reached more than 30% of the annual government expenditure.
Japanese: しかしながら、反面、各藩の借金および士族への俸禄の支払い義務を受け継ぐことになり、家禄支給は歳出の30%以上となってしまった。
English: To rebuild the deficit-ridden finance into a more sound one, the national government introduced a conscription system in 1873 and Chitsuroku-shobun (an abolition measure of hereditary stipend) in 1876, appealing equality of all people in order to abolish the warrior class, a privileged class the persons in which could receive salary without being engaged in any productive activity.
Japanese: 政府は、赤字財政健全化のため、生産活動をせずに俸禄を受けている特権階級の士族の廃止を目的に四民平等を謳い、1873年に徴兵制、1876年に秩禄処分を行った。
English: That set the trend towards dissolving the warrior class, causing the rebellion of persons in the warrior class to occur frequently and leading to the occurrence of the Seinan War.
Japanese: これで士族解体の方向が決定付けられてしまったため、士族の反乱が頻発し、西南戦争に至る。
English: The military expenditures of the government reached a vast amount of \41 million, almost all of the yearly tax revenue of \48 million.
Japanese: 政府の西南戦争の軍事費は4100万円にのぼり、当時の税収4800万円のほとんどを使い果たすほど莫大になった。
English: To procure the war cost, the government issued lots of inconvertible paper currency (refer to the national bank (in the Meiji period)), causing inflation.
Japanese: 政府は戦費調達のため不換紙幣を乱発し（→国立銀行(明治)）、インフレーションが発生した。
English: Through tax increases, transfer of government-owned companies to private ownership, and sorting out of currency, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, later Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury), made it possible to issue convertible currency, establishing a base on which Japan could become a modern nation ranked with European and US powers.
Japanese: のちの大蔵卿松方正義によって増税・官営企業の払い下げ・通貨整理がなされ、兌換紙幣の発行が出来るようになり、日本が欧米列強に並ぶ近代国家になる下地が作られた。
English: However, due to the Matsukata deflation (also known as the Matsukata finance, a financial measure to induce deflation to eliminate inflation generated by raising funds for the war cost of the Seinan War), more and more farmers became tenant farmers (the ratio of the tenant farmers to all of the farmers increased from 38% to 47%), generating large landowners.
Japanese: しかし、松方デフレで農民の小作人化が進み（小作農率の全国平均38％→47％）、大地主が発生した。
English: The persons who became too poor to continue working as tenant farmers flew into urban areas and were forced to work at low wages in the factories operated by the Zaibatsu (financial cliques or groups, or company syndicates), which were developed from former government-owned companies transferred to private ownership, increasing the number of persons in the poor class in urban areas.
Japanese: また、小作を続けられないほど困窮した者は都市に流入し、官営企業の払い下げで発生した財閥が経営する工場で低賃金労働をさせられ、都市部の貧困層が拡大した。