nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Modeled on "Giko Gafu" by Chinese poet Li Tung-yang (1447 - 1516), "Nihon Gafu" covers in a ballad style historical events and incidents that occurred from ancient times up to the Shokuho era (Oda-Toyotomi era, as known as Azuchi Momoyama period).
Japanese: 中国の李東陽（1447-1516）の「擬古楽府」に倣って古代から織豊時代までの歴史事件を歌謡風に詠じたものである。
English: "Nihon Gafu" is the only book of his which was published while Sanyo was still alive, in1830.
Japanese: 本書は山陽の著書の中で唯一、その在世中の1830年（文政13年）に出版された。
English: The character for "ketsu" means "a passage" or "a section" and 66 "ketsu" means the anthology has 66 poems or songs.
Japanese: （「闋」とは「ひとくさり」の意、したがって66闋は作品総数が66首ないし66曲であることをいう。）
English: Many gafu that became popular in the period of Rikucho (the six dynasties in China running from the third to the sixth centuries) mimic traditional folk songs and their lyrics.
Japanese: 中国において六朝時代に流行した楽府の多くは、みな伝統的な楽府と歌辞の内容とを真似た模倣品であった。
English: However after strict rules about modern style poetry were consolidated in the Tang dynasty, gafu were mainly produced with only the title borrowed from kogafu in the period of Rikucho, and those gafu were almost the same as the old style poetry in their format.
Japanese: しかし唐代に入って拘束の厳しい近体詩の規則が整備されると、楽府についてはただ六朝期の古楽府の題だけをとって作ることが盛行し、形式上ほぼ古体詩と変わらぬまでになった。
English: Li Tung-yang (mentioned above) was a literary man from the later period of the Ming dynasty, whose poetry was modeled after the poetry of the early eighth century of the Tang dynasty and the old literature by the eight great literati in the Tang and Song periods, and which challenged Taikaku style (poetry with an exquisite form of expression but with insubstantial content) fashionable at that time.
Japanese: 上記の李東陽は明朝後期の文人で、盛唐の詩と唐宋八家の古文を模範として当時流行の台閣体（表現形式に凝って内容の空疎な詩風を旨とする）に異を唱えた人物だ。
English: In the latter part of "Nihon Gafu", it is written that Li Tung-yang was good at giko gafu and Sanyo followed him in producing "Nihon Gafu."
Japanese: この擬古楽府を能くし、山陽も『日本楽府』をものするにあたってこれを襲ったと、同書の後叙に見える。
English: Although the poems in "Nihon Gafu" are about historical events, its descriptions are often different from the ones written in some reliable historical documents, as was the case with "Nihon Gaishi " (Unofficial History of Japan).
Japanese: ただ『日本楽府』の場合、史実をうたったとは言っても、その描写は往々にして信頼のおける史料との食い違いを見せるなど『日本外史』と似た傾向を持つ。
English: The same is true of "Giko Gafu" poems by Li Tung-yang, and they were derided at that time as describing his dogmatic worldview of history which was contradictory to the socially conventional view of history.
Japanese: 同様のことは先の李東陽についても言え、その擬古楽府は社会一般に通行している歴史観と相容れぬ独断の歴史世界を描いたものと当時から揶揄されていた。
English: However it is narrow-minded to see Sanyo's poems as works by an historically uneducated person.
Japanese: しかし山陽の場合、これを以て単に歴史に無学な者の作品とするのは狭隘な見方である。
English: Takamagahara kochihi is a stone monument placed at Kaya University in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
Japanese: 高天原故地碑（たかまがはらこちひ）は、大韓民国慶尚北道高霊郡の伽耶大学校内にある石碑。
English: It had been long since people argued that Takamanohara reflected an actual place, and after the World War II, amateur researchers were main advocates of the Korean Peninsula theory.
Japanese: 高天原は実在の地域を反映しているとする説は古くから存在し、第二次大戦後は主としてアマチュア研究家によって朝鮮半島説も唱えられることがあった。
English: At first, the presumed location was not Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk but Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, the place which some researchers prior to WWII designated as a candidate for Soshimori, Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) where Susanoo stopped by, and it is today famous for a location site of Korean TV show "Fuyu no Sonata."
Japanese: 当初その比定地とされたのは、戦前から一部の研究家によってスサノオが立ち寄ったという新羅のソシモリの候補とされた、『冬のソナタ』のロケ地として知られる江原道春川市であって、慶尚北道高霊郡ではなかった。
English: The President of Kaya University, Dr. Kyung-Hee Lee was the advocate of this theory and the stone monument inscribed "Takamagahara kochihi" was built on June 28, 1999.
Japanese: 伽耶大学校の李慶煕総長がこの説の主唱者で、1999年6月28日に「高天原故地」と記された石碑が建立された。
English: Izanami sounds similar to Ijinangi, the second son of Ibika, the heavenly god of Kaya, as described in "Togoku Yochi Shoran."
Japanese: 東国與地勝覧に書かれている伽耶の天神夷毘訶の次男伊珍阿鼓（イジンアンギ）はイザナミと発音が似ている。
English: His argument won approval of Kazuo MABUCHI, Professor Emeritus of University Tsukuba who visited Korea in 2001.
Japanese: これらの主張は、2001年に訪韓した筑波大学の馬渕和夫名誉教授らの賛同を得ている。
English: At a conference hosted by Professor Lee during this visit, Professor Mabuchi stated that "Koreans conquered Japan and built the Yamato Dynasty."
Japanese: このとき、馬渕教授は李総長の主催する学会で「朝鮮民族が日本を征服し、大和王朝を建てた」と発表している。
English: Tosei shosei katagi (The Character of Modern Students) is a novel written by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI (a nom de plume: Harunoya Oboro).
Japanese: 当世書生気質（とうせいしょせいかたぎ）は、坪内逍遙（春の屋おぼろ）の小説。
English: After writing in "Shosetsu shinzui" (The essence of the novel), about a literary criticism that refused to accept didacticism and advocated realism, he began to write "Ichidoku santan Tosei shosei katagi" (literally, "the character of modern students that makes you sigh three times every time you read it") in April 1885 and published the first volume in June.
Japanese: 勧善懲悪を否定し、写実主義を主張した文学論『小説神髄』の執筆に続いて、明治18年4月に書き始め、6月に『一読三歎　当世書生気質』第1巻を刊行。
English: The main purpose of this work was to describe the customs, manners and temperaments of student society in 1868, and there are those scenes depicting the daily lives at their board and lodgings, or students at play in those popular places such as beef specialty restaurants or yokyu (a small-sized bow originally made from willow) parlors.
Japanese: 明治初年の書生社会の風俗と気質をうつすことを主眼として、下宿生活、牛肉屋、楊弓店などで書生らが遊ぶ様子も描く。
English: It is considered that this novel is the embodiment of the theory developed in the "Shosetsu shinzui," now known as the first modern and realistic novel in Japan.
Japanese: 日本近代写実小説の第一として、『小説神髄』に展開された理論の具体化であるとされる。
English: In addition, there was also an aspect of a popular novel with a geigi (a professional female entertainer at banquets) placed at the center of the storyline, while such element as a reunion of a separated brother and a sister by the Battle of Ueno (the battle between the shogitai [a band of supporters of the Tokugawa bakufu] and the Meiji government's army) was also depicted in the novel.
Japanese: また、芸妓が筋の中心には上野戦争（彰義隊のたたかい）で生き別れになった兄妹の再会など、通俗的な側面もあった。
English: For that reason, Shoyo put this novel along with all of his other novels into the 'supplemental volumes' when he compiled and edited the "Shoyo senshu" (literally, "Shoyo's collection") in his later years.
Japanese: なので、作者は晩年、『逍遙選集』を編集したときに、この作品などの小説類を、すべて〈別冊〉にくくりこんだ。
English: This produced an unexpected anecdote: Hideyo NOGUCHI changed his name from the original Seisaku to Hideyo because he worried that people might misunderstand the character 'Seisaku NONOGUCHI' in this novel was modeled after him.
Japanese: そのため、作中の〈野々口清作〉なる人物のモデルと誤解されるのを苦にした野口英世が、清作という本名を英世に変えたという、思わぬエピソードも生んだ。
English: Toshinari was kotaigo gu no daibu (Master of the Empress Dowager's Household) and kotaigo-gu (the Empress Dowager) was called Choshu-gu, thus this collection was called Choshueiso.
Japanese: 俊成が皇太后宮大夫であったので、皇太后宮を長秋宮というのにちなんで命名。
English: It has two volumes: the first part was published in March 1883, and the second part in February 1884.
Japanese: 2冊からなり前編は1883年（明治16年）3月刊、後編は1884年（明治17年）2月刊。
English: The novel was based on ancient Greek history, and it describes the story of the sudden rise of Thebes with Pelopidas and Epaminondas as the central figures.
Japanese: 古代ギリシアの歴史に取材し、ペロピダスとエパメイノンダスの2人を主人公にテーバイ勃興の一部始終を描写する。
English: The second part describes the process of Thebes' repelling against Sparta's invasion and then becoming the leader of Greece.
Japanese: 後編はスパルタの侵略を退けてテーベがギリシャの盟主となる過程を描く。
English: In the 'explanately notes' of the book, the author listed the titles of Greek history books that he used for reference to express his approach valuing historical facts.
Japanese: 本の「凡例」には参照したギリシャ史の書名を挙げ、史実に価値を置く姿勢を表明している。
English: However, this novel also adopted the yomihon style (books for reading, particularly Bakin KYOKUTEI's "Nanso satomi hakkenden" [The Chronicles of the Eight Dog Heroes of the Satomi Clan of Nanso]) in the way it applies the concepts of 'wisdom', 'benevolence' and 'courage' to the characters in the story.
Japanese: が、登場人物に「智」「仁」「勇」の観念を当てるなど、読本（具体的には曲亭馬琴『南総里見八犬伝』）の系譜にも連なっている。
English: With the first book being published in 1885, the three subsequent books were printed by 1888.
Japanese: 初編は1885年（明治18年）に刊行され、その後1888年までに四編まで刊行された。
English: The fifth book was published in 1891 after the inauguration of the Imperial Diet, and the sixth through eighth book which concluded Kajin no Kigu were subsequently published after the Sino-Japanese War in 1897.
Japanese: その後、帝国議会後の1891年に五編が、日清戦争後の1897年に六編から八編まで刊行され、完結をみた。
English: The story begins when a survived retainer of Aizu Clan, Sanshi TOKAI visited the USA, and encountered with an Irish beauty Guren and a Spanish noble lady Yuran.
Japanese: 会津藩の遺臣である東海散士がアメリカ合衆国にわたり、アイルランドの美女紅蓮、スペインの貴女幽蘭にめぐりあうのが発端。
English: The story develops around the friendship among those three, who were grieving over their circumstances of being on exile, and trying to restore their rights.
Japanese: いずれも亡国の憂いを抱き、権利の回復運動に進もうとするかれらの交情が描かれる。
English: The story line is colored by the explanately notes regarding the management and administration of Eastern Asian countries, world topography, world history and other various information.
Japanese: 東アジア経営にかんする意見、世界の地誌、世界史への注釈などがくわわる。
English: In the latter half of Kajin no Kigu, the storyline began to reflect author's own experience of visitting Europe as a delegation member of Tateki TANI; gradually the focal point of the story shifted to the discussions on Korean Peninsula reflecting the friendship of the author with Kim Ok-gyun, or the arguments concerning the Triple Intervention after the Sino-Japanese War; in the end, the subjects of the story moved away from the reminiscencea of those beautiful female characters.
Japanese: 後半になると、作者自身が谷干城に随行してヨーロッパを視察したときの体験が混ざり、また金玉均との交友から朝鮮半島をめぐる議論や日清戦争後の三国干渉をめぐる議論が作品の主軸を占めるようになり、佳人の面影は作品からは遠ざかっていく。
English: The main characters of Secchubai include the young patriot Motoi KUNINO and his fiancée Oharu TOMINAGA, with the story developing in the context of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in those days.
Japanese: 青年志士国野基（くにのもとい）とそのいいなずけ富永お春を中心人物とし、当時の自由民権運動を背景とする。
English: There was an extraordinary incident concerning Secchubai that, since Yukio OZAKI who wrote the preface of its first printing was long-lived, he contributed the introduction of the Iwanami Bunko edition published after the war as well.
Japanese: 初版の序文をよせた尾崎行雄は、長命であったので、戦後刊行された岩波文庫版にも序文をよせるという珍しいできごともあった。
English: The story began with the wedding of Motoi and Oharu followed by the appearance of various characters such as an advocate for getting rid of political parties and a radical communist in addition to the leading character of the story, a civil party member (a harmonious public-private relationship advocate), who was victorious at the end.
Japanese: 2人の婚礼からはじまり、主人公民間党員（官民協和論者）、政党不要論者、過激共産主義者などが登場するが、主人公の勝利におわる。
English: The ideas on the solidarity of civil parties and harmonious public-private relationship struck a chord with the government and public, and Liberal Party which the author Teccho was a member of achieved a landslide victory in election.
Japanese: またその民間党大団結論、官民協和論は朝野の共感を得て、その属する自由党は選挙で大勝利をおさめる。
English: Seiyo Dochu Hizakurige is a humorous fiction written by Robun KANAGAKI and Kan FUSO (Volume 12 and subsequent volumes).
Japanese: 西洋道中膝栗毛（せいようどうちゅうひざくりげ）は、仮名垣魯文・総生寛（第12編より）作の滑稽本。
English: In the style of Tokaidochu Hizakurige by Ikku JUPPENSHA, the story develops around hilarious incidents that the two leading characters who were the great-great grandsons of Yajirobei and Kitahachi (who were the main characters of Tokaidochu Hizakurige) encountered on a trip to London, England to visit the London World Exposition.
Japanese: 十返舎一九の『東海道中膝栗毛』にならって、弥次郎兵衛、北八の3代目の孫ふたりを、イギリスのロンドン万国博覧会見物に出立させ、その道中の滑稽を叙したものである。
English: This book blended the theme of Guide to Travel in the Western World written by Yukichi FUKUZAWA which was a big seller of the time and the spirit of the original Hizakurige.
Japanese: 当時、大当たりをとっていた福澤諭吉の『西洋旅案内』にあてこみ、これと膝栗毛の趣向を取り合わせたのである。
English: Robun never travelled abroad but, since he read English, his knowledge of literature was accurate and Seiyo Dochu Hizakurige is not a preposterous story.
Japanese: 魯文には洋行体験はないものの、英文の読書は出来たので、文物の知識は的確であり物語としては荒唐無稽ではない。
English: In the latter half of the book, however, the storyline became too spread out to be manageable for Robun and so another writer was commissioned to take over.
Japanese: しかし、後半は話のスケールが広がって、魯文の手にあまり、他の作者に委託している。
English: Shoshizoshocho in Shosoin Monjo (document collection of the Nara period kept in Shosoin) states that seven volumes of Karin came into the collection on July 4, 751.
Japanese: 正倉院文書、写私雑書帳に「六月（天平勝宝三年）三日来歌林七巻」とある。
English: If 'Karin' in this document refers to "Ruiju-karin," it means that this poetry collection consisted of seven volumes.
Japanese: もしこの「歌林」が『類聚歌林』をさすのであれば、7巻ということになる。
English: The title can be found in documents prior to the Kamakura Period, such as "Masako Naishinno Eawase" (Poetry matching held by Imperial Princess Masako), "Waka genzaisho mokuroku" (A list of extant books of waka poetry), and "Fukurozoshi" (Notes in a Folder, the collection of poetic lore).
Japanese: 『正子内親王絵合』、『和歌現在書目録』、『袋草子』など鎌倉時代以前の文献にその名が見える。
English: "Waka genzaisho mokuroku" indicates that 'Ruiju-karin was in the treasure house of Byodoin Temple,' so it is a proof that the poetry collection was still extant until the end of the Heian Period.
Japanese: 『和歌現在書目録』には「在平等院宝蔵」とあるから、平安時代末期までは存在していたと知れる。
English: Some parts of Ruiju-karin were cited in nine instances in Volumes One, Two, and Nine of "Manyoshu" (the first major anthology of early Japanese poetry).
Japanese: その一部が『万葉集』巻一、巻二、および巻九の9箇所ばかりに引かれている。
English: It seemed to be a collection of poetry prior to the days of Emperor Monmu with descriptions of the poets and backgrounds of poems, and integrated poems with similar themes into categories.
Japanese: 文武天皇ころから以前の歌をあつめ、作者、歌作の事情を記し、同類歌を分類統一したものかという。
English: "Waka genzaisho mokuroku" also indicates that 'Okura gathered old news to compile the Karin collection', thus he might have made historical study on poetry.
Japanese: また、『和歌現在書目録』には「憶良臣伝旧聞、以集歌林」とあるから、考証的な内容をふくんでいたか。
English: Volume one has a preface dated November 11, 893 and volume two dated September 28, 913.
Japanese: 上巻には寛平5年（893年）9月25日、下巻には延喜13年（913年）8月21日の序がある。
English: 242 poems including those used in Kanpyo no ontoki kisai no miya no utaawase (Poetry Contest Held by the Consort in the Kanpyo Era) and Koresada Shinno-ke Utaawase (Poetry contest sponsored by the family of Imperial Prince Koresada) were written with the Chinese characters, and shichigon zekku (a Chinese poem of four lines, each of seven characters) was placed on the left.
Japanese: 寛平御時后宮歌合、是貞親王家の歌合中の歌その他242首を真名で書き、左傍に七言絶句を配する。
English: Volume one contains poetries on the four seasons and love, and volume two contains poetries on the four seasons, love, and partinia (flower) (although some editions don't include the part of partinia).
Japanese: 上巻は四季、恋、下巻は四季、恋、女郎花（女郎花は載せない本がある）。
English: 360 great poems in the period between Konin era and Encho era were selected; the majority of them were included in Kokin Wakashu.
Japanese: 古今和歌集を中心に弘仁年間から延長(元号)年間までの秀歌360首を撰出した。
English: Book One contains 120 poems on spring and autumn; Book Two, 40 poems on winter; Book Three, 20 poems on felicitations and laments as well as 20 poems on parting and travel; and Book Four, 160 poems on love and miscellaneous.
Japanese: 巻1春秋120首、巻2夏冬40首、巻3賀哀20首、別旅20首、巻4恋雑160首。
English: On August 31, 1323, Tamefuji started on this anthology by the command of Emperor Godaigo, and after Tamefuji died in the following year, Tamesada succeeded the duty and presented the results to the Emperor in 1326.
Japanese: 元亨3年（1323年）7月21日、為藤が後醍醐天皇の勅命により着手、翌4年為藤の死亡後、為定が命をつぎ、正中(元号)3年（1326年）撰進。
English: Scenery poetries were excellent but this anthology lacked the strength, indicating the Nijo clan's falling into the mediocrity.
Japanese: 叙景歌にすぐれているものの、力がとぼしく、二条家の平凡化してゆく頽勢をしめしている。
English: This was a personal collection of poetry in the Heian Period, but it was also a narrative travel diary because it started with 30 poems on the journey to Kumano and ended with 50 poems of the diary in Totomi Province.
Japanese: 平安期の私家集であるが、巻頭に30首の熊野紀行、巻末に50首の遠江国日記を据えていることから、紀行文としての趣も持つ。
English: The accurate year of completion is unknown but it is estimated that the collection had been completed by the mid-11th century at the latest based on the facts that two poems from "Zokihoshishu" were included in "Gengen shu" (a personal collection of poetry by Noin) that was completed during Eien and Kantoku era (987-1048); ten poems were selected in "GoShui wakashu" compiled and presented to the Emperor in 1086.
Japanese: 正式な成立年代は未詳であるが、永延～寛徳年間（987年～1048年）に成立した『玄々集』（能因撰・私撰集）に『増基法師集』中の歌が2首収められ、また応徳3年（1086年）撰進の『後拾遺和歌集』には同じく10首入集していることなどから、遅くとも11世紀中頃には成立していたのではないかと考えられる。
English: One section is 'Kumano Kiko' (Travel to Kumano) of 30 waka (Japanese poetry) with relatively long kotobagaki (preface); and the other is 'Totomi Kiko' (Travel to Totomi) of 50 waka with short kotobagaki; and a section of 43 miscellaneous poems in the middle of these two sections.
Japanese: 比較的長い詞書を持つ和歌30首からなる「熊野紀行」、和歌50首に短い詞書を付した「遠江紀行」、そしてその2つにはさまれた43首の雑纂歌集の部分である。
English: Kumano Kiko' is a narrative travel diary in which Zoki left Iwashimizu one winter, passed Sumiyoshi and Kishu before he paid pilgrimages to major shrines in Kumano, and went back home via Ise-ji Route.
Japanese: 「熊野紀行」は、ある年の冬、石清水より住吉・紀州を通って熊野に詣で、伊勢路より帰京した旅の紀行文である。
English: The author wished to escape from the world and live as his heart leads, so he planned a travel to visit utamakura (places famed in classical Japanese poetry) and pay pilgrimages shrines without any companion, and he made poems on absence of absolutes using scenery and the nature that he encountered on the road.
Japanese: 著者は世を遁れて心のままにありたいと、歌枕を訪ね、神仏に詣でる旅を志し、同行者も断ってただ一人旅に出、行路の風物に託して無常を歌っている。
English: Like Noin and Saigyo, who were known as wandering poets, he loved to travel.
Japanese: 旅に心を遣るその姿は漂白の詩人としての能因・西行等に連なるものがある。
English: Famous books of transcription and published books of "Zokihoshishu" are Katsura no Miya Text in the Archives and Mausolea Department of The Imperial Household Agency, manuscripts included in the Gunsho ruiju and Fuso shuyoshu; however, these existant books are descendants of the same source.
Japanese: 諸本としては、宮内庁書陵部蔵桂宮本・群書類従本・扶桑拾葉集本等が知られるが、いずれも同系統の末流伝本である。
English: Manuscripts included in the Gunsho ruiju contain characters indicating that these were based on 'Asho (chief councillor of state) Tameuji' true handwriting manuscript,' but the main text is severely damaged.
Japanese: 群書類従本には「以亜相為氏卿真蹟書写」の本を底本とした旨の識語があるが、本文はかなりの損傷の跡をとどめる。
English: There are many differences between poetries in "Zokihoshishu" and those selected in other poetry collections including 25 poems found in the imperial anthology, and "GoShui wakashu" includes two poems by Zoki that are not found in "Zokihoshishu", so these facts imply that there were another personal poetry collection of Zoki in addition to "Zokihoshishu."
Japanese: 勅撰集入集の二十五首をはじめ他歌集所載歌とはかなり異同があること、『後拾遺和歌集』には本書に見えない増基歌をなお二首収めることなど、増基の家集に本書とは別のものがあったことを示唆する。
English: Shizu no iwaya is a sea cave (approximately 45 m deep and 13 m high) created by coastal erosion in Uotsu, Shizuma-cho, Oda-shi, Shimane Prefecture.
Japanese: 静之窟（しずのいわや）は、島根県大田市静間町魚津の海岸に存在する海食洞（奥行は約45m、高さは約13m）。
English: Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo) includes a folklore that Okuninushi no Mikoto and Sukunahikona no Mikoto used a stone cave as their temporary house during the development of the land.
Japanese: 出雲神話において大国主命と少彦名命が国造りの際に石窟を仮住まいとしたという伝承がある。
English: There is a theory that Shizu no iwaya could be the one that was depicted in a Oishi no Suguri no Mahito's poem in Manyoshu (Volume 3-355) "Onamuchi and Sukunahikona lived in Shizu no iwaya; how many generations that have been passed by?"
Japanese: 静之窟が万葉集（巻3-355）に収められている生石村主真人（おいしのすぐりのまひと）の「大汝少彦名乃将座志都乃石室者幾代将経（おほなむちすくなひこのいましけむしつのいわやはいくよへにけむ）」の「志都乃石室」ではないかとする説がある。
English: Based on these legends, a stone monument with inscription by Iesato TOKUGAWA is built at Shizu no Iwaya.
Japanese: このような由緒から静之窟には徳川家達書の碑銘による石碑が建てられている。
English: In the past, the Shizuma Shrine resided in this place but it was relocated to avoid high waves to Tarumi, Shizuma-cho, Oda-shi in 1656.
Japanese: 本来、この地には静間神社があったが、高浪のため1656年（明暦2年）に大田市静間町垂水に遷宮された。
English: Shizu no iwaya has its origin in a folklore in the myth of the development of the land by Okuninushi no Mikoto and Sukunahikona no Mikoto, and the place was depicted in a Oishi no Suguri no Mahito's poem in Manyoshu (Volume 3-355) "Onamuchi and Sukunahiko lived in Shizu no iwaya; how many generations that have been passed by?"
Japanese: 志都乃石室（しづのいわや）は神話の大国主命と少彦名命の国造り伝承に由来し、万葉集（巻3-355）に収められている生石村主真人（おいしのすぐりのまひと）の「大汝少彦名乃将座志都乃石室者幾代将経（おほなむちすくなひこのいましけむしつのいわやはいくよへにけむ）」に詠まれた地。
English: According to "Shoku Nihongi" (Chronicle of Japan Continued), the author Oishi no Suguri no Mahito was appointed to Mino Shosakan (officer of Mino Province) in 738 and Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) given to persons outside Kyoto) in 750.
Japanese: 作者の生石村主真人は続日本紀によれば天平10年に美濃少目となり、天平勝宝2年に外従五位下に叙されたとされる。
English: Amenosakahoko (also pronounced as Amanosakahoko) is a kind of halberd (hoko) which appears in the myths of medieval Japan.
Japanese: 天逆鉾（あまのさかほこ・あめのさかほこ）は、日本の中世神話に登場する矛である。
English: It is generally regarded as another name of Amenonuboko which appears in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki ("Records of Ancient Matters" and "Chronicles of Japan"), but the two halberds have different status properties.
Japanese: 一般的に記紀に登場する天沼矛の別名とされているが、その位置付けや性質は異なっている。
English: In Japan's medieval myths, it is also called 'Kongohousho' or 'Amanomagaeshi no hoko'.
Japanese: 中世神話上では、金剛宝杵（こんごうほうしょ）、天魔反戈（あまのまがえしのほこ）ともいう。
English: Originally in the mythologies appearing in Records of Ancient Matters and Chronicles of Japan, the husband and wife deities Izanagi and Izanami, who were assigned with a job of completing the land formation, thrust Amenonuboko into the chaotic earth and stirred the earth with the halberd, and when they pulled the halberd up, a drop of the chaotic earth (or salt) which dripped from the point of the halberd turned into Onogoro Island (Kuni-umi; the birth of the land of Japan).
Japanese: 元来、記紀神話では、漂っていた大地を完成させる使命を持った伊邪那岐（イザナギ）と伊邪那美（イザナミ）の夫婦神が天沼矛を渾沌とした大地に突き立てかき回し、矛を引き抜くと、切っ先から滴った雫（あるいは塩）がオノゴロ島となったとされていた（国産み）。
English: In the medieval period, however, this myth came to be interpreted in various different ways under the influence of Buddhism, causing changes in the characteristics of Amenonuboko.
Japanese: しかし中世に到り仏教の影響のもと、この神話には様々な解釈が生み出され、天沼矛の性質も変容していく。
English: "Yamato Katsuragi Hozan-ki", the Shinto book of Shugendo (Japanese ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites), explains that Amenonuboko is a mystical object generated at the time of tenchi-kaibyaku (creation of heaven and earth), which is an incarnation of Bonten (Brahma, a major Hindu deity thought to be responsible for creating the world), and that it is regarded as a vajra which has a power to smash the evil and has another name Amanomagaeshi no hoko.
Japanese: 修験道の神道書『大和葛城宝山記』では、天沼矛を天地開闢(日本神話)の際に発生した霊物であり梵天を化生したとし、金剛杵と見なされ魔を打ち返す働きを持つとして別名を天魔反戈というとされている。
English: The Shinto book further explains that Ninigi, the sun goddess's grandson who descended to earth (Ninigi no mikoto in Chronicles of Japan), is a deity of a vajra or a mallet decorated with nu (gems), and that he is 天杵尊, also known as Kidoku-o, who has pacified the land using the mallet as a weapon.
Japanese: 更に天孫降臨したニニギ（『日本書紀』では瓊瓊杵尊）を瓊（宝石）で飾られた杵（金剛杵）の神と解し、「杵」を武器に地上平定する天杵尊、別名杵独王とした。
English: "Tenchi Reiki Furoku", the Shinto book of Ryobu Shinto (a fusion of Shinto and Shingon sect of Buddhism), states that Amenosakahoko is the vajra which was stuck in Onogoro Island.
Japanese: 一方で両部神道の神道書『天地麗気府録』ではオノゴロ島に立てられた金剛杵であるとする。
English: Being influenced by these Shinto books, "Senguin Himon" describes that the grandson of the sun goddess descended from heaven carrying a sacred treasure, i.e., Amenonuboko.
Japanese: これらの影響を受けた『仙宮院秘文』では皇孫尊は天沼矛を神宝として天下ったとされた。