nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Since he encouraged thrifty and regarded accumulation of wealth as achievement of God's will, American sociologist Robert Neelly Bellah saw his thought as Japanese version of Calvinism commercial ethics.
Japanese: 倹約の奨励や富の蓄積を天命の実現と見る考え方はアメリカの社会学者ロバート・ニーリ・ベラーによってカルヴァン主義商業倫理の日本版とされた。
English: While the concerns to the environmental issue have been raised from the 1970s, and the scandals of enterprises have happened one after another, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) became a much-discussed subject especially in Europe and America.
Japanese: 1970年代頃からの環境問題への意識の高まりや、企業の不祥事が続く中、CSR（CorporateSocialResponsibility＝企業の社会的責任）ということが欧米を中心に盛んに言われるようになった。
English: Within the context, Baigan ISHIDA's thought, which expressed the essential spirit of CSR with very simple words, such as 'taking double profit and eating sweet poison often cause destruction' and 'a true merchant thinks others as well as one self,' is spotlighted as 'the origin of Japanese CSR,' along with 'Sanpo-yoshi principle' of Omi shonin (Omi merchants).
Japanese: そのような背景の中で「二重の利を取り、甘き毒を喰ひ、自死するやうなこと多かるべし」「実の商人は、先も立、我も立つことを思うなり」と、実にシンプルな言葉でCSRの本質的な精神を表現した石田梅岩の思想は、近江商人の「三方よし」の思想と並んで、「日本のCSRの原点」として脚光を浴びている。
English: The thought also does not deny a profit-making activity and teaches to achieve social responsibility in main business from a viewpoint of 'sustainable development of business' rather than ethics.
Japanese: その思想もやはり営利活動を否定せず、倫理というよりむしろ「ビジネスの持続的発展」の観点から、本業の中で社会的責任を果たしていくことを説いている。
English: Its feature differs from European and American CSR whose 'philanthropy' is other than main business, such as contribution and support, as the core activity.
Japanese: 寄付や援助など本業以外での「社会貢献」を活動の中心とする欧米のCSRにはない特徴がある。
English: At present, there is Baigan ISHIDA memorial facility 'Baigan-juku' in Michi no Eki Galleria Kameoka, Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 現在、京都府亀岡市の道の駅ガレリア亀岡内に石田梅巌記念施設「梅岩塾」が併設されている。
English: Moreover his new seated figure is located in the concourse of JR Kameoka Station which was reformed to an overhead station in his hometown.
Japanese: また、橋上駅に改築された出身地のJR亀岡駅の改札前に、新造の座像が置かれている。
English: Orie NOMI (February 19, 1822 - July 24, 1906) was a patriot of Choshu clan.
Japanese: 乃美織江（のみおりえ、文政5年1月28日(旧暦)（1822年2月19日）-明治39年（1906年）7月24日）は長州藩志士。
English: Although he was transferred to the capital to be a superintendent officer and an assistant rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) in 1862 and returned home in 1863, he was transferred back to the capital again as a rusuiyaku after the coup on August 18.
Japanese: 1862年に上京して目付役、京都留守居助役となり、翌1863年に帰国するが、8月18日の政変の後、留守居役となり再び上京。
English: Although he tried to commit a suicide when he was surrounded by troops from the Aizu clan, he was stopped by a monk and fled back home.
Japanese: 会津藩兵士に取り囲まれて自害しようとしたが、僧侶に止められてその場を逃れ、帰国。
English: Muramune URAGAMI (year of birth is unknown - June, 1531) was the daimyo (the Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku period in Bizen, Mimasaka, and Harima Provinces.
Japanese: 浦上村宗（うらがみむらむね、生年不詳-享禄4年（1531年）6月）は備前国・美作国・播磨国の戦国大名。
English: The URAGAMI clan was a descendant of KI no Haseo (there is also a theory indicating that the clan was a descendant of KI no Tsurayuki) and the family name was derived from the area of Uragamigo, Ibo-gun County (Uragamisho), Harima province.
Japanese: 浦上氏は紀長谷雄の子孫（紀貫之の子孫との説もある）で、播磨国揖保郡浦上郷（浦上庄）が苗字の地である。
English: When Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) appeared in the history in Harima province, the Uragami clan became active under his command in the late Kamakura period.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代末期、ここ播磨から赤松則村（円心）が史上に現れると、浦上氏もその麾下として活動した。
English: Later in the Nanbokucho era (the Northern and Southern Courts period) (Japan), the Akamatsu clan greately prospered during the Muromachi period by becoming a follower of Takauji ASHIKAGA from early on after forsaking the Kenmu Restoration which was led by Emperor Godaigo.
Japanese: その後の南北朝時代(日本)には、後醍醐天皇を中心とした建武の新政を見限り、早くから足利尊氏に従ったことから室町時代に赤松氏は大きく繁栄した。
English: These figures included Shichirobei Yukikage URAGAMI and Gorozaemon Kagetsugu URAGAMI who appeared in "Taiheiki" (Chronicle of Medieval Japan).
Japanese: それは『太平記』に名が見える浦上七郎兵衛行景、同五郎左衛門景嗣らである。
English: However, the Akamatsu clan which rapidly gained power under Muromachi bakufu was interfered by the Reign of Terror and the Soryo system carried out by Yoshimasa Ashikaga and eventually started the Kakitsu coup.
Japanese: しかし室町幕府のもとで飛躍的に勢力を拡大した赤松氏も、足利義教の行った恐怖政治と惣領制への干渉を受け、やがて嘉吉の乱を起こした。
English: This coup occurred because Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, who could not endure the pressure, assassinated Shogun Yoshinori at his residence and later he withdrew from the capital to fight back in Harima province.
Japanese: これは圧迫に耐えかねた赤松満祐が自邸で将軍義教の暗殺を行うと言う形で起こされたもので、その後京を引き上げた満祐は播磨で抗戦の構えをみせた。
English: However, the surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan such as the Uragami clan supported Masanori AKAMATSU, a grand son of Yoshimasa AKAMATSU who was a younger brother of Mitsusuke, and succeeded to restore the head family's line.
Japanese: しかし、浦上氏ら赤松氏の遺臣たちは満祐の弟赤松義雅の孫赤松政則をもりたてて、主家再興を企画し成功させる。
English: The Akamatsu clan and URAGANI clan greatly extended their power under the supervision of the eminent politician, Norimune URAGAMI who contributed to the restoration of the head family.
Japanese: その主家再興に活躍した名臣浦上則宗の元で赤松氏と浦上氏は勢力を大きく伸ばした。
English: Norimune took an active role as the captain who led the Akamatsu squad in the territory of the Yamana clan of the Western squad such as in Hoki province and Inaba no kuni in the vicinity of Harima province and, moreover, in Rakuchu (inside the capital).
Japanese: 則宗は勢力基盤である播磨周囲の伯耆国・因幡国などの西軍山名氏の領国で、さらには洛中で赤松軍を率いる主将として活躍した。
English: Therefore, Norimune became a member of Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) for the Muromachi Bakufu (Shogunate) and handled practical business affairs when Masanori AKAMATSU was assigned as a Shoshi (an officer) of Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) after Onin War.
Japanese: そのため応仁の乱の後、赤松政則が侍所の所司に任ぜられると、則宗が侍所室町幕府となり実務を司った。
English: The process of how and when Muramune succeeded to the family headship is not clear because there were few historical materials about the movement of Sukemune and Muramune in the beginning of the Eisho era, although Muramune is thought to become a head of the Uragami clan by succeeding Sukemune URAGAMI, an adopted heir of Norimune,
Japanese: 則宗の養嗣子である浦上祐宗の跡を継いで浦上氏の当主になったと見られるものの、肝心の家督相続の経緯、時期については永正年間前半の祐宗、村宗の動向を示す史料が少ない為、はっきりしない。
English: Although there is a genealogy indicating Muramune as an adopted child of Norimune, Norikage URAGAMI, or Sukemune, there is no historical materials which support that genealogy.
Japanese: 則宗、浦上則景、祐宗らの養子として系図を繋げる文献もあるが、証拠と裏付けられるだけの史料は無い。
English: Furthermore, there is a question about the credibility of the genealogy since Muramune was eventually able to succeed the family headship without being adopted by somebody because Muramune was a child of Norimune who was a grandchild of Norinaga URAGAMI, the direct descendant of the Uragami clan.
Japanese: それに元々浦上氏の嫡流であった浦上則永の孫に当たるので則宗の子、養子が悉く死んだ後ならば誰の養子にならずとも相続の順が回って来たとしても不思議ではない為、これらの系図の信憑性には疑問が残る。
English: After the death of Masanori AKAMATSU at the master family, Muramune became Shugoshoku (a military officer) of Harima, Bizen, and Mimasaku Provinces with the support of Toshoin, a dowager of Masanori, as well as Uragami clan because Yoshimura AKAMATSU, an adopted son of Masanori AKAMATSU, was still a small child.
Japanese: 主家では赤松政則の死後、その養子である赤松義村が幼年であったこともあり、政則後室である洞松院の後見や、浦上氏などの支持を受ける形で、播磨・備前国・美作国の守護職に就いた。
English: Later, as Yoshimura became older, he feared the Uragami clan who greatly increased the influence and also waited for the chance to become independent.
Japanese: その後、義村は成長するにつれ、大きく勢力を伸張させた守護代浦上氏に惧れを抱き、また自立の機会を窺っていた。
English: Yoshimura finally became mature enough to join the politics around 1517 and established the new political system managed by two chief vassals (Muramune URAGAMI and Norimoto KODERA) and three of Yoshimura's close advisers (Noritaka KUSHIBASHI, 志水清実・衣笠朝親).
Japanese: 永正14年（1517年）、この頃よりようやく政務に参加するようになった義村は、2人の宿老（浦上村宗、小寺則職）と義村の3人の側近（櫛橋則高・志水清実・衣笠朝親）から構成される新体制を布く。
English: However, it was not difficult to suspect the true purpose of this new political system which was to "enforce the suppression of a tyranny by chief vassals and the influence of Yoshimura"; therefore, Muramune opposed to Yoshimura.
Japanese: しかし、この新体制は「宿老の専横抑制と義村自身の発言力の強化」を狙う意図が見え透いていたため、村宗は義村に反発した。
English: As a result, Muramune fell into a predicament due to the false charge by Norimoto and three close advisers and was ordered to stop from serving at government office.
Japanese: これにより則職や3人の宿老による讒言で立場を悪くした上に、これを重んじた義村によって、出仕差し止めという仕置きを下されてしまった。
English: Raged Muramune, who was tactlessly excluded from the position in governmental office by the Akamatsu clan, returned to Bizen Province with vassals including Yoshiie UKITA and secluded himself in the Mitsuishi-jo Castle to revolt against the Akamatsu clan.
Japanese: このように、あからさまな赤松氏の権力機構からの排斥行為に怒った村宗は、宇喜多能家などの家臣らと共に備前へと帰り、三石城に籠もって赤松氏への反旗を翻した。
English: Muramune secluded in Mitsuishi-jo was surrounded by a punitive force lead by Yoshimura who thought that the revolt by Muramune was the opportunity to further strengthen his power.
Japanese: この謀反を、自身の更なる権力強化の好機ととらえて討伐軍を動員した義村によって、三石城を取り囲まれた。
English: However, Muramune secretly tied with Motomichi MATSUDA, the most powerful man in Bizen Province, who had an antagonistic relationship with the Akamatsu clan.
Japanese: しかし、村宗も赤松氏と敵対関係にあった備前の最大国人松田元陸と密かに結ぶなど対策を講じていた。
English: Yoshimura, who was struggling during the attack of the impregnable Mitsuishi-jo due to the tight defence, withdrew his troops when he saw the rear guard led by Motomichi.
Japanese: 結局、要害の地に築かれた三石城の堅い守りを攻めあぐねた義村は、後詰めに元陸が現れるとの報にやむなく兵を退く。
English: However, in the following year, 1520, Yoshimura re-sent a punitive force (led by Norimoto KODERA who was the lord of Kodera-jo Castle, not by Yoshimura himself).
Japanese: しかし翌年の永正17年（1520年）にも再度、討伐軍（義村自身の出征ではなく、小寺城主小寺則職を主将）が動員される。
English: The punitive force at the time planned to weaken the Uragami clan by attacking castles belonging to the Uragami sect such as Norihisa Nakamura who was the military governor of Mimasaka province and turned to be the Uragami clan.
Japanese: この時の征伐軍は浦上氏の本拠への攻撃よりも、浦上派へ転身した美作国守護代の中村則久など浦上派の諸城への攻撃で、弱体化を図っている。
English: However, the punitive force suffered a strong resistance from retainers of the URAGAMI causing the punitive force to struggle.
Japanese: しかし、浦上の子飼いである能家らの頑強な抵抗に遭い、征伐に手間取る。
English: Muramune, who was defensive initially, rattled the punitive force by seeking betrayers among them and so on, and finally defeated the punitive force led by Norimoto KODERA.
Japanese: やがて、調略の手を伸ばすなど討伐軍への揺さぶりをかけた守勢の村宗によって、小寺則職率いる討伐軍は撃退されてしまう。
English: Muramune, who became superior to Yoshimura, pressed Yoshimura to hand over his legitimate child Saimatsumaru and moreover forced him to retire.
Japanese: これで優勢となった村宗は義村に迫ると、同年11月には義村から嫡子才松丸を引き渡させた上に、強制隠居に追い込んだ。
English: Later, Muramune made 8-year old Harumasa AKAMATSU (Saimatsumaru's new name) to succeed the Akamatsu clan and became his guardian.
Japanese: その後、当時8歳の才松丸を改め赤松晴政に赤松氏の家督を継がせると、村宗は自らこの後見人となった。
English: Yoshimura again gathered troops with Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA as figurehead, but was defeated by Muramune during New Year of 1521.
Japanese: 翌永正18年（1521年）の正月、足利義晴を奉じて義村がまたも兵を挙げるがこれを破った。
English: Muramune, who was trying to secure Yoshiharu, proposed false reconciliation to Yoshimura and arrested him at the meeting when Yoshimura came to reconcilliate.
Japanese: 義晴の確保を目論む村宗は義村に嘘の和睦を持ちかけ、これに応じた義村を和解の席で捕縛した。
English: Muramune confined Yoshimura at Murotsu in Harima province and sent an assassin to kill him in September of Daiei era.
Japanese: 捕らえた義村を播磨の室津に幽閉し、元号が大永に変わった同年9月には刺客に義村を暗殺させた。
English: Around that time, Yoshiharu was in the custody of Takakuni Hosokawa and proceeded to the capital to become Seii Taishougun (a commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians).
Japanese: その頃、義晴は細川高国に預けられて上洛を果たし、征夷大将軍となっている。
English: By this event, Muramune, both nominally and practically, started on the path to the Sengoku Daimyo (a Warring lord) after gaining a right to rule Harima, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces.
Japanese: これにより名目的にも実質的にも、播磨・備前・美作の支配権を得て戦国大名への道を歩み始めた。
English: However, gekokujo (the revolt of vassals against their lords) of the Uragami clan against the Akamatsu clan was relatively less strict compared with that by other clans and the Uragami clan fought together with the Akamatsu clan when Nobutoyo YAMANA from Tajima province invaded Harima province.
Japanese: ただし浦上氏の赤松氏に対する下克上は、他家のそれと比較すると比較的穏和なものであり、但馬国の山名誠豊が播磨へ侵攻してきた際は、赤松氏と共闘してもいる。
English: After the threat from the YAMANA clan was gone, Muramune re-started a feud with the Akamatsu clan over the supremacy and forced Masamura from Okishio-jo Castle to Mimasaka province while fighting with influential families of the Uragami clan such as Murakuni URAGAMI.
Japanese: 山名氏の脅威が去った後は、赤松氏との覇権を巡る争いを再開し、浦上村国など一族の有力者と争いつつ、政村を置塩城より追放し、美作国へ追いやったこともある。
English: Empowered Muramune accepted the request from Takakuni HOSOKAWA, who was ousted from the capital due to the conflict with Harumoto HOSOKAWA, and became involved in the succession dispute of the Hosokawa clan by forming the military force to go to the capital after temporary reconciling with the Lord Masamura.
Japanese: 力をつけた村宗は、細川晴元と対立し京を追われた管領細川高国の依頼を受け、主君政村と一時和睦した上で上洛の軍を起こし、細川氏の家督争いへ介入するようになる。
English: Initially Muramune advanced unopposed by defeating Kataharu YANAGIMOTO who was a leader of the Harumoto party and Nariharu BESSHO who opposed to Muramune in Higashiharima.
Japanese: 当初は、晴元派の重鎮である柳本賢治や東播磨で村宗と対立してきた別所就治を破るなど破竹の勢いで進撃した。
English: Muramune was defeated by Harumoto and Motonaga MIYOSHI and killed in the Battle of Nakajima and Daimotsu-kuzure, which resulted in his death.
Japanese: 享禄4年（1531年）6月、中嶋の戦い・大物崩れで晴元や三好元長に敗北しただけでなく、討死してしまう。
English: Furthermore, the outcome of this fight was owed to Masasuke (Masamura) because he attacked the Takakuni and Uragami military forces, which were confronting with Harumoto and Motonaga, from behind, although he was supposed to be a rear guard.
Japanese: なお、この勝敗の帰趨を決したのは、後詰めであったはずの政祐（政村）が、晴元・元長らと対峙する高国・浦上軍を背後から攻撃したことであった。
English: This Masasuke's action was often explained as being an act of revenge and to regain power as Shugo (a provincial constable).
Japanese: 政祐のこの行動は、父の無念を晴らし、かつ守護としての実権を取り戻すためと説明されることが多い。
English: Hyogo SAKAI (date of birth unknown - around August of 1865) was an accountant of the Shinsengumi.
Japanese: 酒井兵庫（さかいひょうご、生年不詳-慶応元年（1865年）7月頃）は新選組会計方。
English: Duties of the accounting division of the Shinsengumi included burial of dead bodies, which terrified SAKAI into escaping.
Japanese: 酒井は会計方の仕事にある死体埋葬をしている内、それが恐ろしくなり脱走、というものである。
English: Yashiro OZEKI (1831 - December 24, 1865) was from Takatori Domain and a biological elder brother of Masajiro OZEKI.
Japanese: 尾関弥四郎（おぜきやしろう、天保2年（1831年）-慶応元年11月7日(旧暦)（1865年12月24日））は高取藩出身で尾関雅次郎の実兄。
English: However, he seemingly had been physically weak (it is said that he was suffering from cardiopathy), and he was put in charge of corp recruitment in Kyoto and Osaka in May, 1865.
Japanese: しかし、元々病弱（心臓病を患っていたと言われる）だったらしく、慶応元年（1865年）4月には、京坂における隊士募集に回っている。
English: Kazuma SAKURAI (birth year unknown - January 29, 1868) was a member of Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
Japanese: 桜井数馬（さくらいかずま、生年不詳-慶応4年1月5日(旧暦)（1868年1月29日））は新選組隊士。
English: He participated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, which started on January 27, 1868.
Japanese: 翌慶応4年（1868年）1月3日から始まった鳥羽・伏見の戦いに参加。
English: Gentaku OTSUKI (November 9, 1757 - April 25, 1827) was a Rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language) from Ichinoseki Domain (Tamura Domain), a branch domain of Sendai Domain during the late Edo Period.
Japanese: 大槻玄沢（おおつきげんたく、宝暦7年9月28日(旧暦)（1757年11月9日）-文政10年3月30日(旧暦)（1827年4月25日））は、仙台藩の支藩、一関藩（田村藩）出身の江戸時代後期の蘭学者。
English: Gentaku' was his nickname which was taken one Chinese character from each of his two masters' names.
Japanese: 「玄沢」とは、師である二人から一文字ずつもらってつけた通り名である。
English: He studied under Seian TATEBE, a doctor from the same hometown, and showed his talent for medical science and language when he was young.
Japanese: 同じ郷里の医師、建部清庵に師事し、早くから医学・語学に才能を示した。
English: Later, he studied at Tenshinro, a private school managed by Genpaku SUGITA, who exchanged letters with Seian TATEBE.
Japanese: 後に、建部清庵と手紙のやり取りをしていた杉田玄白の私塾・天真楼に学ぶ。
English: He established himself in the world of Rangaku (Western studies) after he wrote an introductory book for the Western studies, "Rangaku Kaitei," in 1788.
Japanese: 天明8年（1788年）、蘭学の入門書『蘭学階梯』を記したことで、蘭学界での地位を確立した。
English: In later years, he was told to revise "Kaitai Shinsho" by his master, Genpaku FUJITA, and wrote "Jutei Kaitai Shinsho" (Kaitai Shinsho Revised).
Japanese: 後年には、師である杉田玄白から『解体新書』の改訂を命ぜられ、『重訂解体新書』を記している。
English: Genshin UDAGAWA, Sanpaku INAMURA, Sokichi HASHIMOTO, and Saisuke YAMAMURA, were especially famous among Gentaku's disciples and called 'Shitenno (the Big Four) of Shirando.'
Japanese: 玄沢の弟子としては、宇田川玄真、稲村三伯、橋本宗吉、山村才助の4人は特に名高く、「芝蘭堂の四天王」と呼ばれた。
English: He also held a New Year's party called 'the Dutch New Year,' according to the Western calendar at Shirando every year, to which Kodayu DAIKOKUYA, who was drifted to Russia, and others were invited.
Japanese: また、毎年芝蘭堂で「オランダ正月」と呼ばれる西洋の暦に合わせた新年会を開いており、ロシアへ漂流した大黒屋光太夫なども招待された。
English: After Gentaku, the Otsuki family produced many excellent scholars, and people called 'the Rai family in the west, the Otsuki family in the east' (the Rai family was famous for Sanyo RAI).
Japanese: 玄沢以後、大槻氏からは優秀な学者が多く輩出し、「西の頼家、東の大槻家」（頼家は頼山陽で有名）ともいわれた。
English: His writings remain, such as "Kankai-ibun" (Account of the Tour of Oceans), a record of the interview with the drifted crews from Sendai Domain who were sent back to Japan by a Russian ship because the Sendai Domain requested it.
Japanese: 仙台藩の依頼でロシア船で送り返された同藩の漂流民に事情聴取した際の記録『環海異聞』なども残されている。
English: With Sanosuke HARADA, he received 25 Ryo (currency unit) for Fushimi purveyor on December 12 of the same year, the day before Isami KONDO was shot.
Japanese: 同年十一月十七日、近藤勇狙撃の前日、伏見御用として、二十五両を原田左之助とともに受け取っている。
English: Hosei NAGATA (March 26, 1838-August 22, 1911) was an educator in the Meiji period.
Japanese: 永田方正（ながたほうせい、天保9年3月1日(旧暦)（1838年3月26日）-明治44年（1911年）8月22日）は、明治時代の教育者。
English: In 1881, he joined the members of Hokkaido Development Commission and migrated to Hokkaido, where he worked as a teacher at Hakodate Merchant Ship College and Hakodate Normal School (school for teachers).
Japanese: 1881年（明治14年）7月に開拓使に採用され北海道に渡り、函館商船学校、函館師範学校の教諭を務めた。
English: In addition, upon the decree of Hakodate Prefecture, he engaged in the education of the Ainu tribe in Yurappu (present Yagumo town).
Japanese: ほか、函館県の命により遊楽部（現在の八雲町）でアイヌ教育に取り組んだ。
English: After becoming a teacher at Sapporo Agriculture School, Hosei moved out to Tokyo, where he taught Japanese literature at Tokyo Girl's High School.
Japanese: 札幌農学校などでも教壇に立ったのち1909年に上京、東京高等女学校で国文学を教えた。
English: In general, the book is written based on information that Nagata collected from elders of the Ainu tribe through direct visits, but many parts are explained based on Nagata's speculation.
Japanese: 実地に赴きアイヌの古老から聞き取った情報を基礎としているが、永田の推測に基づく解も多い。
English: Nagata's name place dictionary,' however, is a priceless document in that it recorded the pronunciation of the Ainu language of the day, when it was commonly used as daily language, with considerable accuracy.
Japanese: しかしながら「永田地名解」はアイヌ語が日常言語であった当時の発音をかなり正確に収録している点で貴重な資料である。
English: The fact remains that the book has occupied an important place in the study of Ainu language name places to this day.
Japanese: アイヌ語地名研究においていまだ重要な地位を占めることに変わりはない。
English: Nobunori ODA (1599 - February 13, 1630) was daimyo (a Japanese feudal lord) who lived during the Edo period.
Japanese: 織田信則（おだのぶのり、慶長4年（1599年）-寛永7年1月2日(旧暦)（1630年2月13日））は、江戸時代の大名。
English: Although his older brother, Nobushige ODA, expressed an objection to property inheritance by Nobunori, the objection was rejected by the bakufu.
Japanese: 遺領の相続にあたって、兄織田信重から異論が出されるものの、幕府によって退けられた。
English: On December 3, 1616, he was conferred to the Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) as a chamberlain.
Japanese: 元和(日本)2年（1616年）10月25日、従五位下侍従に叙任する。
English: Masayuki KOBORI (March 18, 1620 - September 23, 1674) is the second lord of Kobori clan of Omi-Komuro Domain.
Japanese: 小堀正之（こぼりまさゆき、元和(日本)6年（1620年）2月15日(旧暦)-延宝2年8月24日(旧暦)（1674年9月23日））は、近江小室藩小堀氏の第2代藩主。
English: It is told that he was invited to the Imperial Court and wrote in the presence of Emperor Gomizunoo in 1628, at the age of nine.
Japanese: 寛永5年には齢9つにして宮中に召されて後水尾天皇の御前で揮毫したと伝えられている。
English: On September 23, 1674, he passed away from worsening of the tumor, which was his chronic disease, and his son, Masatsune KOBORI, succeeded to him.
Japanese: 延宝2年(1674年)8月24日、持病の腫物の悪化により死去し、跡を子の小堀政恒が継いだ。
English: His grandfather TAIRA no Yoshifumi settled in Muraoka, Musashi Province and called himself Goro MURAOKA, who possessed shoryo (territory) in the greater part of Soma County, Shimousa Province.
Japanese: 祖父の平良文は武蔵国村岡に土着して村岡五郎と称して、下総国相馬郡(下総国)の大半を所領とした。
English: Tadatsune took over the sphere of influence built by his grandfather and father and possessed vast shoryo in Hitachi Province, Kazusa Province and Shimousa Province.
Japanese: 忠常は祖父と父の地盤を引き継ぎ、常陸国、上総国、下総国に広大な所領を有した。
English: He was appointed to Kazusa no suke (Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province) (this is accorging to "Nihongi Ryaku" [Summary of Japanese Chronologies] and it was Shimousa no gonsuke [officer of regional administration in Shimousa] according to "Otoku Gannen Kodaiki" [The Chronicle of the Emperors in Otoku era]) and Oryoshi (government official of police and military affairs) in Musashi Province (there is another theory that he was not appointed to these posts and professed to be appointed).
Japanese: 上総介（『日本紀略』による。『応徳元年皇代記』には下総権介）、武蔵押領使に任官されている（これらの官に任官はされず自称という説もある）。
English: Tadatsune behaved outrageously with backing of the mighty military power and it is said he did not pay his taxes and disobeyed kokushi (provincial governor).
Japanese: 忠常は強大な武力を背景に傍若無人に振る舞い、国司の命に従わず租税も納めなかったとされる。
English: Tadatsune caused an event that he attacked kokufu (provincial office) in Awa Province in June, 1028 and burned to murder Awa no kami (Governor of Awa Province) TAIRA no Koretada.
Japanese: 長元元年（1028年）6月、忠常は安房国の国府を襲い、安房守平惟忠を焼き殺す事件を起こした。
English: The battle had spread throughout three provinces in Boso, which became impoverished terribly due to the damage of the battle and forcible requisitions by the government army.
Japanese: 乱は房総三カ国に広まり、合戦の被害と官軍による強引な徴発により大いに疲弊した。
English: TAIRA no Naokata was dismissed and MINAMOTO no Yorinobu in the position of Kai no kuni no Kami (officer in charge of regional administration in Kai) was appointed to be the envoy instead in October, 1030.
Japanese: 長元3年（1030年）9月、平直方が解任され、甲斐国守源頼信が追討使に任じられた。
English: Since Tadatsune's troops had been exhausted from the long battle, he entered into priesthood with a posthumous Buddhist name Tsuneyasu in Spring of 1031, and then surrendered himself to Yorinobu with his two children and his followers.
Japanese: 長期にわたる合戦で忠常の軍は疲弊しきっており、長元4年（1031年）春に忠常は出家して常安と称し、子2人と従者をつれて頼信のもとへ出頭して降伏した。
English: After Tadatsune had been beheaded to expose his severed head in Kyoto, his head was returned to his family.
Japanese: 忠常の首ははねられ、京都で梟首とされたが、後に首は親族へ返されている。
English: Tadatsune's descendants remained as powerful samurai in Boso Peninsula and formed the Kazusa clan and the Chiba clan which became gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) afterwards.
Japanese: 忠常の子孫は房総半島の有力武士として残り、後に鎌倉幕府の御家人となる上総氏、千葉氏が出た。
English: Nobukata ODA (February 9, 1712 - September 22, 1741) was the seventh lord of the Yanagimoto clan in Yamato Province.
Japanese: 織田信方（おだのぶかた、正徳(日本)2年1月3日(旧暦)（1712年2月9日）-寛保元年8月13日(旧暦)（1741年9月22日））は、大和国柳本藩の第7代藩主。
English: He had seven sons including Hidekata ODA (first son), Nagakata ODA (fourth son) and Nagatsune ODA (fifth son), and four daughters (Kyokusenin who became a lawful wife of Sadakiyo MATSUDAIRA, and so on).
Japanese: 子は織田秀賢（長男）、織田長賢（四男）、織田長恒（五男）、娘（旭仙院、松平定静正室）ら7男4女。
English: On February 9, 1712, he was born in Edo as the third son of Nobukiyo ODA who was a hatamoto possessing territories yielding 300 koku (approximately 83.4 cubic meters of crop yields) in Yamato Province.
Japanese: 正徳2年（1712年）1月3日、大和国内で300石を領有する旗本織田信清の三男として江戸で生まれる。