nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The version of kasane (color combination) having moegi is often more suitable for young people than the version having blue, even if the names of kasane have the same name.
Japanese: 同名の重ねでも青などの代わりに萌黄が入るバージョンは若者向けであることが多い。
English: There are various views about this color, but it is believed to have been slightly purplish dark pink like the color of red ume (Japanese apricot) blossom in about the Heian period.
Japanese: 諸説有るが、平安時代頃は紅梅の花のようなやや紫がかった濃いピンクのことと思われる。
English: Nariki-zeme (nariki, which is written as 成り木, means fruit bearing trees, and 責め, which in this case is pronounced 'zeme,' is a noun form of 責める [semeru] which in this context means to press a tree for fruition) is a folk rite praying for a good harvest, conducted on such fruit trees as persimmon, chestnut and ume.
Japanese: 成り木責め（なりきぜめ）とは、カキノキ、クリ、ウメなど果樹（成り木）について行なわれる豊作祈願の習俗である。
English: A person holds a hatchet high in front of a fruit tree and threatens the tree saying, "Will you bear fruits or will you not? If you won't, I'll cut you down."
Japanese: 一人が鉈をかまえて成り木の前に立ち「成るか成らぬか。成らねば切るぞ。」と脅す。
English: Another person playing the fruit tree, who is often a child, replies, "I will, I will." and promises a good harvest.
Japanese: それに対して成り木役（子供である場合が多い）が「成ります。成ります。」と答え、豊作を約束する。
English: In some cases they give the tree a small cut with a hatchet, or even spread porridge of rice and azuki beans on the cut.
Japanese: 実際に鉈で木に小さな傷をつける場合、さらにはその傷に小豆粥を塗りつける場合もある。
English: The expression noshi awabi originally referred to thinly sliced pieces of abalone, which were half-dried until they took on an amber tint, then flattened with a bamboo stick to be washed in water and dried, and treated by repeating these processes many times.
Japanese: 元来、熨斗鮑とはアワビの肉を薄く削ぎ、干して琥珀色の生乾きになったところで、竹筒で押して伸ばし、更に水洗いと乾燥、押し伸ばしを交互に何度も繰り返すことによって調製したものを指した。
English: Since the word 'noshi' (meaning "expanding" or "flattening" in Japanese) implies longevity, abalone was believed to be an auspicious food that prolonged life, and has been used as sacred food offered to Shinto gods since ancient times in Japan.
Japanese: 「のし」は延寿に通じ、アワビは長寿をもたらす食べ物とされたため、古来より縁起物とされ、神饌として用いられてきた。
English: In an excavation of the Heijo Palace Site in Nara, wooden strips were discovered which showed that an abalone about 1.5 m in length was sent as a gift from Awa Province (part of present-day Chiba Prefecture; records on tributes in the "Engishiki" [ancient compendium of laws published in the tenth century] show that Awa Province was well known as an abalone producing region at the time).
Japanese: また、平城宮跡の発掘では安房国より長さ4尺5寸（約1.5m）のアワビが献上されたことを示す木簡が出土している（安房国がアワビの産地であったことは、『延喜式』主計寮式にも記されている）。
English: Believed to bring good fortune in battles among warriors during the Japanese medieval period, abalone was used as gifts for soldiers at the time of war.
Japanese: 中世の武家社会においても武運長久に通じるとされ、陣中見舞などに用いられた。
English: It is recorded in "Azuma Kagami" (history book written around 1300, in the late Kamakura period) that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo received a long dried abalone (noshi awabi) as a tribute in 1191.
Japanese: 『吾妻鏡』には建久3年（1191年）に源頼朝の元に年貢として長い鮑（熨斗鮑）が届けられたという記録がある。
English: While it is forbidden to use fish in vegetarian cuisine served at Buddhist memorial services, noshi abalone is used as gifts for non-Buddhist celebrations as typical seafood to distinguish these celebrations from Buddhist ceremonies.
Japanese: また、法要における精進料理では魚などの生臭物が禁じられているが、仏事でない贈答品においては、精進でないことを示すため、生臭物の代表として熨斗を添えるようになったともされる。
English: As sacred food for gods, noshi abalone was not only offered to Ise-jingu Shrine, but also attached to gifts as amulets that bring good luck.
Japanese: 神饌として伊勢神宮に奉納される他、縁起物として贈答品に添えられてきた。
English: These noshi amulets were eventually simplified, and yellow pieces of paper came to be used as noshi instead of abalone.
Japanese: やがて簡略化され、アワビの代わりに黄色い紙が用いられるようになった。
English: At Ise-jingu Shrine, noshi abalone cooked by the traditional method is offered to gods at monthly festivals called Tsukinami-sai in June and December and at the annual festival known as Kanname-sai held in October.
Japanese: 伊勢神宮では、古来の製法で調製された熨斗鮑が、6月と12月の月次祭（つきなみさい）、10月の神嘗祭（かんなめさい）で奉納される。
English: During the noshi manufacturing season, abalone slices are hung like pieces of cloth from bars made with hinoki wood located outside the kitchen.
Japanese: 調進所より少し先のヒノキで造られた干し場で、布のようになった鮑が下がる風景を見ることもできる。
English: The festival is believed to have originated when a fisherwoman named Oben offered abalone as a gift to Yamatohime no mikoto, the fourth Imperial Princess of the eleventh Emperor Suinin, who visited Kuzaki.
Japanese: 第11代垂仁天皇の第4皇女である倭姫命（やまとひめのみこと）が国崎を訪れた際、「お弁」と言う海人からアワビを献上されたことが由来とされる。
English: Dezomeshiki is a fire fighting training undertaken by fire department and fire company personnel, which is generally conducted in the early part of January as the first training for the year.
Japanese: 出初め式（でぞめしき）は、概ね1月上旬に行われる消防職員・消防団によるその年最初の消防訓練である。
English: Organizer of the dezomeshiki varies from region to region, according to municipalities or each municipal association for firefighting (a type of municipal association for a specific service which is formed based on the Local Autonomy Law).
Japanese: 主催については、市町村ごとや消防組合（一部事務組合）ごとなど地域によってさまざまである。
English: It is also called Shobo-dezomeshiki (shobo: firefighting), as dezomeshiki is participated by mainly people related to firefighting.
Japanese: 主に消防関係者で行うため、消防出初め式（しょうぼうでぞめしき）とも呼ばれる。
English: Major programs include: water-discharge exercise, parade of fire companies and fire engines, recognition of deserving people selected from fire departments and fire companies, and various others depending on the region.
Japanese: 主なプログラムについては、放水訓練、消防団・消防自動車のパレード、消防職員・消防団・消防功労者に対する表彰などが行われ、そのほか地域によってさまざまな行事が行われる。
English: It is said that the dezomeshiki held at Ueno Toshogu Shrine on January 4, 1659 in the Edo period was the first in its history.
Japanese: 出初め式の歴史については、江戸時代の1659年（万治2年）1月4日に江戸上野東照宮で行われたのが最初と伝えられる。
English: Tokan-ya (also read as Tokaya) is an annual festive event held on the night of October 10 (old lunar calendar).
Japanese: 十日夜（とおかんや、とおかや）とは、10月10日(旧暦)の夜に行われる年中行事である。
English: It is held mainly in eastern Japan, and it is equivalent to inoko (a baby boar festival) held in western Japan on the day of Boar in October of the old lunar calendar.
Japanese: 主に東日本で見られるもので、西日本で旧暦10月の亥の日に行われる亥の子に対応するものである。
English: It is regarded that tanokami (deity of rice fields and harvests) returns to the mountain on this day, and the event involves actions such as children walking around beating the ground with a bunch of rice straws, and people bringing scarecrows back home to thank them for a year's work (which is called kakashi-age).
Japanese: この日は田の神が山に帰る日とされ、子供たちが藁束で地面をたたいて回ったり、案山子上げをしたりする。
English: Originally, two pieces of divided shaku or two shaku were provisionally used in singing, and it is thought that later they were conventionalized and established as new instruments.
Japanese: そもそもは歌う際に臨時に笏を割ったもの、または2つの笏を用いて、それが後に様式化し、独立した1つの楽器として成立したと考えられる。
English: The kind of wood is not specified, but taxus is used, as is the case with shaku, or zelkova is used because it is hard and produces good sound.
Japanese: 材質に関しては特段定めはないが、笏と同様に櫟（イチイ）を用いたり、堅い木を用いると音質がよい事から欅（ケヤキ）を用いたりする。
English: The two pieces of shakubyoshi are held in the respective hands and are struck against each other like a clapper to make a sound.
Japanese: 左右の手に笏拍子のそれぞれを持ち、拍子木のように打ち合わせて音を出す。
English: However, if the striking pieces of shakubyoshi are completely apart before making a sound just as in the case of a clapper, they may create delay and cannot be struck at the correct point in the music, so they are used with the bottom sides (holding part) together in the manner of a hinge.
Japanese: しかしながら、拍子木と全く同様に左右離した状態から打ち鳴らすと曲中の打つべき箇所から遅れを生じるため、笏拍子の元の部分（握った手元）を蝶番の様に接して使用する。
English: This percussion instrument is struck not by each flat surface of shakubyoshi, but by the flat surface of the left piece and the edge of the right piece held in an upright position.
Japanese: また楽器の平面同士を当てて打ち鳴らすのではなく、左の笏拍子の平面に対して右の笏拍子を垂直に立てて構え、打つ。
English: The points to strike shakubyoshi vary from music to music, but they are generally divided into two types.
Japanese: 楽曲中に笏拍子を打つ箇所は楽曲によってそれぞれであるが概ね二種に大別される。
English: Since the player of shakubyoshi has a role of keeping rhythm in the whole music, the leading person in all players was usually in charge of shakubyoshi in amateur performances.
Japanese: 笏拍子の担当は音楽全体の調子を整える役目であるため、素人集団による演奏では一座の最も主だった人物が担当するのが普通であった。
English: Big Hinamatsuri is a Hinamatsuri (Doll's Festival) held in Katsuura-cho, Tokushima Prefecture (former Awa Province), Katsuura City, Chiba Prefecture (former Kazusa Province), and Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture (former Shinano Province) during February and March (during March and April in Suzaka City) every year.
Japanese: ビッグひな祭り（ビッグひなまつり）は、徳島県勝浦町（旧阿波国）、千葉県勝浦市（旧上総国）及び長野県須坂市（旧信濃国）において、毎年2月から3月（須坂では3月から4月）に開催されている雛祭りである。
English: It originated in Katsuura-cho, Tokushima Prefecture, but later it came to be held also in Katsuura City, Chiba Prefecture and Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture, as secondary to the original festival.
Japanese: 発祥は徳島県勝浦町あるが、のちにそれが派生する形で千葉県勝浦市、長野県須坂市においても開催されるようになった。
English: The festival is held for about one month by the Big Doll Festival Execution Committee and a specified nonprofit corporation called Awa Katsuura Idobata Juku at Ningyo Bunka Koryu Kaikan (Doll Cultural Exchange Hall) in Ikuna, Katsuura-cho.
Japanese: 勝浦町生名の人形文化交流館において、ビッグひな祭り実行委員会及び特定非営利活動法人阿波勝浦井戸端塾によって約1ヶ月にわたり開催される。
English: More than 20,000 hina dolls are displayed at the site, with a special feature of an enormous hinadan which is approximately seven meters high.
Japanese: 会場では、2万体以上のひな人形が飾られ、なかでも高さ約7メートルの巨大な雛壇が目玉となっている。
English: The hina dolls have been received from all over Japan, and 5,000 yen (currency) is required as a memorial service for beloved but now unwanted old hina dolls.
Japanese: ひな人形は日本全国から寄せられたもので、供養料として5千円(通貨)が必要である。
English: Approximately one hour (there is a bus stop near the site) from Tokushima Station, Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku), via Tokushima Bus (Katsuura Route)
Japanese: 四国旅客鉄道徳島駅より徳島バス（勝浦線）乗車で約1時間（会場付近にバス停留所有り）
English: Approximately 30 km (there is a parking area near the site) from Naruto Interchange via Tokushima-Kaminaka Route using National Route 11, National Route 55, and Tokushima Prefectural Road 16
Japanese: 鳴門インターチェンジより国道11号・国道55号・徳島県道16号徳島上那賀線経由で約30キロメートル（会場付近に駐車場有り）
English: It is held for about two weeks by the Big Doll Festival Execution Committee in various places in Katsuura City.
Japanese: 勝浦市内の各地において、ビッグひな祭り実行委員会によって約2週間にわたり開催される。
English: A total of more than 30,000 hina dolls are displayed, including 7,000 dolls that were donated by Katsuura-cho, Tokushima Prefecture.
Japanese: 徳島県勝浦町より譲り受けた7千体を含む計3万体以上のひな人形が飾られる。
English: Hinadan is set up in various stores in community facilities and local shopping areas such as city hall and Katsuura Station of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) during the period; approximately 1,200 hina dolls are displayed on the 60 stone steps of sando (an approach) of Tomisaki-jinja Shrine.
Japanese: 期間中は市役所や東日本旅客鉄道勝浦駅等の公共施設、商店街の各店舗などにひな壇が設置され、遠見岬神社では参道の石階段60段に約1,200体のひな人形が飾られる。
English: Furthermore, in addition to the packaged tours which are arranged annually, other attractions such as an extra express train called 'Katsuura Hinamatsuri Go' being run on Saturdays and Sundays attract large crowds.
Japanese: また、例年パッケージツアーが組まれる他、土曜日及び日曜日には臨時特急列車「かううらひなまつり号」が運行されるなどで、賑わいを見せている。
English: In Katsuura Shopping Street, streets become pedestrian paradise and a parade is held, and events which take place include 'Katsuura Hinamatsuri Hiking' organized by JR East on the last Saturday and Sunday during the period.
Japanese: 勝浦商店街では歩行者天国やパレード、開催期間の最後の土曜日及び日曜日にはJR東日本主催の「勝浦ひなまつりハイキング」などのイベントも行われる。
English: Tokyo Bay Aqua Line - Tateyama Expressway, Kisarazu-Kita Interchange - National Route 409 - National Route 297 - National Route 128 - Moriya Beach Parking Area (there is a guidance sign)
Japanese: -東京湾アクアライン-館山自動車道・木更津北インターチェンジ-国道409号-国道297号-国道128号-守谷海岸駐車場（誘導看板あり）
English: Tateyama Expressway, Ichihara Interchange - National Route 297 - National Route 128 - Moriya Beach Parking Area (there is a guidance sign)
Japanese: -館山自動車道・市原インターチェンジ-国道297号-国道128号-守谷海岸駐車場（誘導看板あり）
English: The festival is held for approximately one month (from March 3 until April 3) in various places in Suzaka City by the 'Execution Committee for Doll Festival in Suzuka Town.'
Japanese: 須坂市内の各地において、「須坂の町の雛祭り実行委員会」によって約1カ月（3月3日から4月3日）にわたり、開催される。
English: The town of Suzaka City still has the scenery reminiscent of the old days, and it has hina dolls that have been treasured and passed down through the ages; the festival began with the intent to show the hina dolls to many people.
Japanese: 古い町並みの残る須坂の町には古くから大切に受け継がれてきたお雛様があり、それらを多くの方に見ていただこうと始まった。
English: Over the festival period, hina dolls are displayed in a hundred and several tens of shops, and in galleries and museums, and pink, vertically long banners serve as a landmark.
Japanese: 期間中は百数十箇所の商店や美術館、博物館にお雛様が展示され、ピンクののぼり旗が目印となる。
English: Various hina dolls throughout the ages are displayed, such as Kyoho-bina, which has a historical air, a tiered-display of hina dolls of plant dyeing, Mayu-bina (made by painting a cocoon to make it look like a hina doll), Tsuchi-bina (ceramic hina dolls), a five-tier display of wooden hina dolls with Japanese costumes made from cloth with the edges tucked into grooves in the wood, and a tiered-display of successive hina dolls from the Keio era until the Heisei period.
Japanese: 歴史を感じさせる享保雛、草木染の段飾り雛人形、まゆ雛、土雛、木目込み五段飾りのお雛様、慶応から平成までの歴代段飾りのお雛様など、時代を超えて様々なお雛様が見られる。
English: For example, 'Dolls' Festival with Thousand Hina Dolls on Thirty Tiers' (January 31 - April 7, World Folk Doll Museum) and 'Tanaka Honke Museum Feast of Hina Doll' are must-sees.
Japanese: なかでも「三十段飾り千体の雛祭り（1月31日～4月7日。世界の民族人形博物館）」と「田中本家博物館　雛の宴」は見逃せない。
English: Events called 'Burari Kitashinano Hina Tour' and 'Wedding with Juni-Hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono)' are also conducted in cooperation with municipalities in northern Shinano Province.
Japanese: 北信濃市町村との連携「ぶらり北信濃ひな巡り」や「十二単の結婚式」も実施される。
English: For the bride and groom in the 'Wedding with Juni-Hitoe,' a pair is chosen from couples applying from all over Japan.
Japanese: 「十二単の結婚式」の新郎新婦は、全国から応募があった中から1組が選ばれる。
English: As Suzaka City is known for walking, events such as 'JR East Hiking from the Station' and 'Shinshu Suzaka: A Two-Day Walk in the City of Silk and Traditional-Style Storehouses' are organized by sponsors.
Japanese: ウオーキングのまち須坂では、雛祭りに協賛して「ＪＲ東日本　駅からハイキング」及び「信州須坂・シルクと蔵のまちツーデーウオーキング」も行われる。
English: Machiai-chaya is an industry which offers rental rooms used for waiting for others and gatherings.
Japanese: 待合茶屋（まちあいちゃや）とは、待ち合わせや会合のための場所を提供する貸席業のこと。
English: Counted among what are called three major industries along with ryotei (fancy Japanese-style restaurant) and okiya (geisha dwelling), machiai-chaya is mainly used for pursuing pleasures with geisha girls, and eating and drinking.
Japanese: 料亭、置屋とともにいわゆる三業の一角を占め、主として芸妓との遊興や飲食を目的として利用される。
English: With the equipment of bedding, machiai-chaya was also used for sleeping with a geisha girl or a prostitute (under the staff dispatching system).
Japanese: かつての利用法は寝具が備わっており芸妓や娼妓（送り込み制の場合）と寝ることも使用法の一つにあった。
English: At present, however, machiai-chaya is not used in such a way, because prostitution is now prohibited, and those types of machiai-chaya are not needed in current society.
Japanese: しかし現在では売春が禁じられていること、時代の変化等によりそのようなことはない。
English: As a measure to deal with economic downturn and to attract tourists, both machiai and chaya nationwide have become available to customers who visit there for the first time.
Japanese: 利用は各地の待合・お茶屋も不況や観光資源化により初めてでも入店できる。
English: However, many chaya in Kyoto refuse first-time customers, saying that customers without introduction from somebody are not allowed to enter their facilities.
Japanese: 京都のお茶屋は特に紹介がなければ入れない、一見さんお断りとする店も多い。
English: Ikkan HIKI is one of the Senke jusshoku (Senke's ten designated craftsmen families) and the name is succeeded by the head of Ikkanbari saikushi (artisan of lacquered papier-mache) from generation to generation.
Japanese: 飛来一閑（ひきいっかん）は千家十職の一つ、一閑張細工師の当主が代々襲名している名称。
English: Ikkan HIKI is the family of an artisan who started one of the lacquer craftworks, Ikkanbari (workmanship which is made of bamboo basket covered with Japanese paper painted persimmon juice) in Japan and also have delivered tea utensils such as Ikkanbari natsume (a container for powdered tea) and kogo (an incense container) to successive Senke families.
Japanese: 漆工芸の一種・一閑張の日本における創始者であり、また歴代千家に一閑張による棗や香合などの道具を納めてきた細工師の家系である。
English: The family is now in the 16th generation, and the present head of the family is a woman, which is unusual for the Senke jusshoku and which joins the 12th Sotetsu NAKAMURA.
Japanese: 当代は16代にあたり、12代・中村宗哲と並ぶ千家十職としては珍しい女性当主である。
English: The first Ikkan HIKI was from present-day Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, but Ching's invasion extended to the southern China, so he worried about his safety and exiled himself to Japan depending on Seigan Soi Osho (priest Seigan) of Daitoku-ji Temple around the Kanei era.
Japanese: 初代一閑は現在の浙江省杭州市の出身であったが、清の侵攻が中国南部まで及び、身の危険を感じて大徳寺の清巌宗渭和尚を頼り、寛永頃に日本へ亡命した。
English: In Japan, he was introduced to Sotan SEN with the Seigan Osho's help and started to receive orders for small articles crafted with Ikkanbari, which was one of his hobbies.
Japanese: 日本ではこの清巌和尚の手引きにより千宗旦に紹介され、趣味であった一閑張の細工による小物の注文を受けるようになった。
English: It was the third Ikkan who started the family business again and the fourth Ikkan became the craftsman patronized by Kakukakusai, the sixth grand master of Omote Sen-ke.
Japanese: その後家業を再開したのが3代一閑であり、4代一閑は表千家6代・覚々斎の御用細工師となる。
English: However, all heads of the family from the sixth to eighth died early one after the other and they were in trouble even to maintain their family business.
Japanese: しかし、6代から8代までは早世する当主が相次ぎ、家業の維持すら困難な状態となる。
English: The ninth Ikkan worked hard for reviving their family business but had a great fire in his later years and died in hopelessness.
Japanese: 9代一閑は家業の再興に尽力するも、最晩年に大火に遭遇し失意の内に没した。
English: The 11th Ikkan took over the 10th Ikkan's intention, and achieved mastery of the craft and his skills was called 'master' and said to be the reviver.
Japanese: 11代一閑は10代の意思を引き継ぎ、またその技術は「名人」とまで言われ、中興の人とされる。
English: The 14th Ikkan lost two sons whom he brought up to be his successors by drafted and killed in the Pacific War.
Japanese: 14代一閑は後継者となるべく育てた2人の息子を太平洋戦争の徴兵による戦死で失う。
English: Hoshi-imo is made from sweet potato through the processing of steaming and then drying.
Japanese: 干しいも（ほしいも、干し芋）はサツマイモを蒸して乾燥させた食品である。
English: While hoshi-imo is produced nationwide in Japan, more than 80 percent of hoshi-imo is industrially produced in Ibaraki Prefecture.
Japanese: 日本においては全国各地で作られているが、産業としては8割以上が茨城県で生産されている。
English: It is also called, 'kanso-imo' (dried sweet potato), 'mushi-kirihoshi' (steamed, cut and dried sweet potato), 'kibboshi,' 'imokachi,' and so on.
Japanese: 「乾燥芋（かんそういも、かんそいも）」「蒸し切り干し」「きっぽし」「いもかち」などとも呼ばれることもある。
English: Although the size of hoshi-imo varies depending on the person who makes it, the piece generally sold at shops has a long and narrow tubular shape with length around 10-15 cm and width around 5 cm.
Japanese: 大きさは作る人によって様々だが、一般的に店頭で販売されているものは一片が長さ10～15cm、幅5cm程度の細長く薄い板状をしている。
English: Its gummy texture and sweet taste peculiar to the sweet potato are unique, both of which are produced by the moderate moisture content.
Japanese: 適度な水分を含む為、粘度のある噛み応えとサツマイモらしい甘味が特徴的である。
English: Although hoshi-imo is frequently made at home due to its simple recipe, some tricks are required in steaming.
Japanese: シンプルな製法のため家庭でも作られることが多いが、蒸し方にはある程度のコツが必要となる。
English: Moreover, a group of hoshi-imo left over after cutting fine slices is called 'sekko,' sold at about half the usual price.
Japanese: また製造時の端切れを集めたものを「せっこう」と言い、通常品の半値程度で販売されている。
English: This white powder is not mold but crystallized sugar coming to the surface after being formed through the autolysis process in potato.
Japanese: これは芋の自己分解で生まれた糖分が表面に出て結晶化したものでカビではない。
English: After being put out from the steamer, the steamed sweet potato is peeled and expanded on bamboo screens, and dried in the sun for about a week utilizing chilly wind peculiar to the winter.
Japanese: 蒸し器から出した後、皮をむき、すだれに広げ冬場の寒風を利用して天日で1週間程度干す。
English: While some steamed sweet potatoes are dried entirely, most of them are dried after being sliced to one centimeter thickness using such tools as piano wires.
Japanese: そのまま干されることもあるが、ピアノ線などを使って1センチ程度の厚さに切られてから干されることが多い。
English: The steamed sweet potato dried entirely without being cut is called 'maru-hoshiimo' (uncut whole piece of dried sweet potato), which requires about 20 days to dry.
Japanese: 切らずにそのまま干したものは「丸干しいも」と呼ばれ20日ほどの乾燥が必要になる。
English: Various technique are adopted, including the saccharification method of the fresh sweet potato, which enhances sweetness.
Japanese: サツマイモの甘味を増やすため、サツマイモを収穫後に糖化させるなどの工夫もしている。
English: From the hygienic viewpoint, plastic greenhouses and nets are used when sweet potato is dried these days.
Japanese: 近年は、衛生確保のためビニールハウスや網を張って乾燥させてることが多い。
English: Sweet potato sorted into Tamayutaka-kind (agricultural and forestry No. 22) and Izumi-kind are frequently used as a raw material.
Japanese: 原料となるサツマイモの品種は玉豊種（農林22号）やいずみ種が多く使用される。
English: The Tamayutaka-kind is larger than other kinds with whitish skin and substance, tasting sticky rather than flaky.
Japanese: 玉豊種は他のサツマイモと比べて大型で、外皮、肉色とも白く、食感はホクホクではなくネットリしている。
English: Hoshi-imo is produced in winter through early spring as a logical consequence of using fresh sweet potato.
Japanese: サツマイモの収穫直後に製造されるため、必然的に干しいもの製造は冬季から初春に行われる。
English: Besides Ibaraki Prefecture (Tokai-mura, Hitachinaka City), which boasts the largest output among all prefectures in Japan, Gunma Prefecture, blessed with downdraft blown down from the top of mountains in winter, and Shizuoka Prefecture and Nagasaki Prefecture, where the manufacture of the hoshi-imo was industrialized in the Meiji period, produce lots of hoshi-imo.
Japanese: 県別の生産高では茨城県（ひたちなか市、東海村）が全国第一位となっているほか、冬のからっ風が強い群馬県、明治時代に産業化が始められた静岡県、長崎県などで生産が多い。
English: Under the technical instruction of manufacturers in Ibaraki Prefecture, hoshi-imo is also produced in the People's Republic of China, which is coming onto the market in Japan.
Japanese: 最近では茨城県の業者による技術指導の下、中華人民共和国産も出回っている。
English: Hoshi-imo can be preserved at room temperature; however, it easily gets mildewed because of its manufacturing method without using preservatives and other chemical products, in addition to the latest technique for preventing hoshi-imo from being over dehydrated, aiming at better texture.
Japanese: 室温保存も可能であるが、保存料等は使われておらず、さらに最近のものは食感を良くするため乾燥しすぎないようにしているのでカビが発生しやすい。
English: Hoshi-imo sold at stores is usually packed with deoxidizer into a bag made of wrapping material with high shielding properties for long-term storage.
Japanese: 店頭販売用の干しいもは、バリア性の高いフィルムで作られた包装袋にほしいもと脱酸素剤を同封し、日持ち向上させる。
English: Chabitsu (also called chahitsu, "茶櫃" in Chinese characters) is a lidded container, in which a set of Sencha (non-powdered green tea) tea utensils are stored.
Japanese: 茶櫃（ちゃびつ、あるいはちゃひつ）は煎茶道具一式を入れて置く蓋付きの容器。
English: Until a little while ago, the chabitsu was an indispensable part of the stage prop next to the chabudai (traditional low dining table) in TV dramas depicting family life inside the house.
Japanese: 少し前のホームドラマではちゃぶ台の横に置いてあった小道具として欠かせない存在であった。
English: However, the chabitsu has been rapidly disappearing from the ordinary household due to the spread of tea sold in plastic bottles.
Japanese: しかし、ペットボトル入りのお茶の普及などで一般家庭からは急速にその姿を消しつつある。
English: Each Sencha tea school has a beginners' course which often teach the preparation of tea using the chabitsu.
Japanese: 煎茶道各流派ではこの茶櫃を使ったお手前を入門編として設定していることが多い。
English: The Uta-e is an elaborately designed pictorial work consisting of several illustrations depicting tools, natural phenomenon, plants and animals among other things that appear in Japanese poems, stories, and famous ceremonies, aimed at helping readers imagine and understand the backgrounds of these works.
Japanese: 歌絵（うたえ）とは、和歌や物語、有名な故事に登場する器物、自然現象、動植物などを数種類配置することによって、元となった和歌や物語を連想させるように仕向けた意匠のこと。