nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It is possible to know from "Meigetsuki" that Sadaie had profound knowledge of Yusoku-kojitsu and aspired to be a leading figure of the political arena.
Japanese: 定家が有職故実に深い知識を有していたことや政務の中心に参画することを希望していたことは『明月記』などから窺い知ることは可能である。
English: Sadaie, however, was unable to achieve his goal of holding a top-notch political post like Udaijin (Minister of the Right), FUJIWARA no Sanesuke, who seemed to be Sadaie's role model and even appeared in his dream according to the chapter of 'September 27 of the first year of the Antei era' in "Meigetsuki."
Japanese: しかし、定家が憧れて夢にまで見たとされる（『明月記』安貞元年9月27日条）右大臣藤原実資のように政治的な要職に就くことは適わなかった。
English: However, the Reizei family, a branch family, has prospered until today and produced four Urin (the fourth-tier of the nobility) families (the Kami-Reizei family, the Shimo-Reizei family, the Fujigayatsu family, and the Irie family).
Japanese: しかし、分家である冷泉家からは4家の羽林家（上冷泉家・下冷泉家・藤谷家・入江家）を輩出し、現在も続いている。
English: Shotoku Taishi (February 9, 574 - April 11, 622 or according to the "Nihonshoki" [Chronicles of Japan], March 6, 621) was a prince during the Asuka period.
Japanese: 聖徳太子（しょうとくたいし、敏達天皇3年1月1日(旧暦)（574年2月7日）-推古天皇30年2月22日(旧暦)（622年4月8日）（同29年2月5日(旧暦)説あり-『日本書紀』））は、飛鳥時代の皇族。
English: His mother was Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko, a princess of Emperor Kinmei.
Japanese: 母は欽明天皇の皇女・穴穂部間人皇女（あなほべのはしひとのひめみこ）。
English: According to the "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu" (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), Umayato no Toyotomimi no Shotokuhoo had children including Yamashiro no Oe no O.
Japanese: また、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』などでは厩戸豊聰耳聖徳法王の子に山代大兄（山背大兄王）らがいるという。
English: His real name was Umayado, meaning 'stable door,' because he was born in front of a stable door according to a legend.
Japanese: 本名は厩戸（うまやど）であり、厩戸の前で出生したことによるとの伝説がある。
English: While one theory states that his mother Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko gave birth to him at her real mother Oane no Kimi's parent's house, i.e., the house of his uncle SOGA no Umako (Umako=lit. Son of Horse), and he was named after 'the residence of Umako,' the most convincing theory at present states that he was named after the place named 'Umayato' near his birth place.
Japanese: また母親の穴穂部間人皇女（あなほべのはしひとのひめみこ）が実母（小姉君）の実家で出産したため、つまり叔父にあたる蘇我馬子の家で生まれたことから馬子屋敷が転じて厩戸（うまやと）と付けられたという説もあるが、現在のところ生誕地の近辺に厩戸（うまやと）という地名があり、そこから名付けられたという説が有力である。
English: He was also called Toyotomimi, Toyosatomimi, or Kamitsumiyao.
Japanese: 別名、豊聡耳（とよとみみ、とよさとみみ）、上宮王（かみつみやおう）とも呼ばれた。
English: In the "Nihonshoki," his name is described as Toyotomimi Shotoku, Toyotomimi Nori no Okimi, Norinoshi no Okimi as well as Umayado no Miko.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』(にほんしょき)では厩戸皇子のほかに豊耳聡聖徳、豊聡耳法大王、法主王と表記されている。
English: He became generally known as 'Shotoku Taishi' during the Heian period when the use of that name was widely spread; however, as it is a posthumous title, some school textbooks have adopted 'Umayatoo' instead of 'Shotoku Taishi' these days.
Japanese: 聖徳太子という名は平安時代から広く用いられ一般的な呼称となったが、後世につけられた尊称（追号）であるという理由から、近年では「厩戸王」の称に変更している教科書もある。
English: It is believed that the diplomatic message famous for the words '日出處天子致書日沒處天子無恙云云' written by Wao-tarishihiko contained in '卷八十一 列傳第四十六 東夷 俀國' of "Zuisho" (the Book of the Sui Dynasty) was written by several persons including Shotoku Taishi.
Japanese: 『隋書』「卷八十一列傳第四十六東夷俀國」に記述された俀王多利思比孤による「日出處天子致書日沒處天子無恙云云」の文言で知られる国書は聖徳太子らによる創作と言われている。
English: Due to some views in modern historical studies that deny what is believed to be his achievements or historical sources about him, some consider that the image of Shotoku Taishi described in the documents like "Nihonshoki" is fiction, while they approve of the existence of Umayado no Miko.
Japanese: 近年の歴史学研究において、太子の事績と言われてきたことや資料を否定する研究があることから、厩戸皇子の存在は認めるものの、『日本書紀』等の伝える聖徳太子像を虚構とする説もある。
English: *The description of this section is based on the documents including "Nihonshoki" (For the reliability of Nihonshoki, see the description about the reliability of Nihonshoki).
Japanese: ※本節の記述は『日本書紀』等によるものである（日本書紀の信頼性については当該項目を参照）。
English: In 574, he was born as a son of Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto and Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko.
Japanese: 敏達天皇3年（574年）、橘豊日皇子と穴穂部間人皇女との間に生まれた。
English: The mother of Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto was Kitashihime, a daughter of SOGA no Iname, and the mother of Anahobe no Hashihito no Himemiko was Oane no Kimi, another daughter of Iname; therefore, Umayado no Miko had a close blood relationship with the Soga clan.
Japanese: 橘豊日皇子は蘇我稲目の娘蘇我堅塩媛（きたしひめ）を母とし、穴穂部間人皇女の母は同じく稲目の娘小姉君（おあねのきみ）であり、つまり厩戸皇子は蘇我氏と強い血縁関係にあった。
English: His wisdom from his infancy and devotion to Buddhism have been so famous that various related episodes and legends have been handed down.
Japanese: 幼少時から聡明で仏法を尊んだと言われ、様々な逸話、伝説が残されている。
English: In 585, when Emperor Bidatsu died, his father Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto ascended the throne as Emperor Yomei.
Japanese: 用明天皇元年（585年）、敏達天皇崩御を受け、父・橘豊日皇子が即位した（用明天皇）。
English: During this period, SOGA no Umako, who worshipped Buddhism, and MONONOBE no Moriya, who was against the introduction of Buddhism, fiercely clashed over the adoption of Buddhism.
Japanese: この頃、仏教の受容を巡って崇仏派の蘇我馬子と排仏派の物部守屋とが激しく対立するようになっていた。
English: A power struggle for succession to the throne started, in which Umako killed Anahobe no Miko, who was backed by Moriya, under an imperial edict of Toyomikekashikiyahime no Sumera Mikoto, the wife of Emperor Bidatsu, and raised a large army with powerful regional clans and princes to defeat Moriya.
Japanese: 皇位を巡って争いになり、馬子は、豊御食炊屋姫（敏達天皇の皇后）の詔を得て、守屋が推す穴穂部皇子を誅殺し、諸豪族、諸皇子を集めて守屋討伐の大軍を起こした。
English: The army attacked Moriya's residence in Shibukawa County, Kawachi Province, but was stubbornly fought back by the powerful army of the Mononobe, a military clan, with a fortress built with rice plants.
Japanese: 討伐軍は河内国渋川郡の守屋の館を攻めたが、軍事氏族である物部氏の兵は精強で、稲城を築き、頑強に抵抗した。
English: Under these circumstances, Umayado no Miko cut the tree of Nurude (Japanese sumac) and created images of Shitenno (four guardian kings) out of it, then he prayed for victory and vowed to build a pagoda and devote himself to promoting Buddhism if the army of Umako had won.
Japanese: これを見た厩戸皇子は、白膠の木を切って四天王の像をつくり、戦勝を祈願して、勝利すれば仏塔をつくり仏法の弘通に努める、と誓った。
English: The army of Umako attacked the army of Moriya, and Moriya was shot to death by TOMI no Ichii.
Japanese: 討伐軍は物部軍を攻め立て、守屋は迹見赤檮（とみのいちい）に射殺された。
English: Emperor Sushun was resentful of Umako, who held de facto power, and opposed him.
Japanese: しかし政治の実権は馬子が持ち、これに不満な崇峻天皇は馬子と対立した。
English: In 592, Emperor Sushun was assassinated by YAMATONOAYA no Koma, an assassin sent by Umako.
Japanese: 崇峻天皇5年（592年）、馬子は東漢駒（やまとのあやのこま）に崇峻天皇を暗殺させた。
English: Umayado no Miko, who became the Crown Prince, was appointed regent on May 17, 593, and assisted the Empress with Umako.
Japanese: 厩戸皇子は皇太子となり、推古天皇元年（593年）4月10日(旧暦)に、摂政となり、馬子と共に天皇を補佐した。
English: In the same year, Umayado no Miko built Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka, Settsu Province as he had vowed in the battle against the Mononobe clan.
Japanese: 同年、厩戸皇子は物部氏との戦いの際の誓願を守り、摂津国大阪に四天王寺を建立した。
English: In 595, a Koguryo monk Eji crossed over to Japan, and as a tutor of Shotoku Taishi, taught that Sui was a great country with an established government system and that it patronized Buddhism.
Japanese: 推古天皇3年（595年）、高句麗の僧慧慈が渡来し、太子の師となり「隋は官制が整った強大な国で仏法を篤く保護している」と太子に伝えた。
English: In 600, he dispatched the army to conquer Silla and made them become a tribute-paying state to Japan.
Japanese: 推古天皇8年（600年）新羅征討の軍を出し、調を貢ぐことを約束させる。
English: He rallied 25,000 soldiers in Chikushi under General Kume no Miko, his younger maternal half-brother, but Kume no Miko died during the preparation for crossing the sea (According to one theory, Kume no Miko was assassinated by an assassin sent by Silla.)
Japanese: 同母弟・来目皇子を将軍に筑紫に2万5千の軍衆を集めたが、渡海準備中に来目皇子が死去した（新羅の刺客に暗殺されたという説がある）。
English: Toma no Miko, Umayado no Miko's younger paternal-half brother, was appointed the successor to Kume no Miko, but Toma no Miko left for the capital under the pretext of his wife's death; therefore, the expedition was suspended.
Japanese: 後任には異母弟・当麻皇子が任命されたが、妻の死を理由に都へ引き揚げ、結局、遠征は中止となった。
English: According to one theory, the main objective of this expedition to Silla was to build up the Imperial military power, and not to subjugate Silla across the sea.
Japanese: この新羅遠征計画は天皇の軍事力強化が狙いで、渡海遠征自体は目的ではなかったという説もある。
English: On January 14, 604, Umayado no Miko established what is called the Kani juni kai (twelve grades of cap rank) system.
Japanese: 推古天皇11年（603年）12月5日(旧暦)、いわゆる冠位十二階を定めた。
English: It is said that, with this system, he managed to enhance centralization of the Imperial government by appointing the court officials on the basis of their ability instead of their hereditary clan title as in the uji-kabane system.
Japanese: 氏姓制によらず才能によって人材を登用し、天皇の中央集権を強める目的であったと言われる。
English: On May 9, 604, he promulgated the Constitution known as 'Jushichijo Kenpo' (Seventeen-Article Constitution) as described by '夏四月 丙寅朔戊辰 皇太子親肇作憲法十七條' in the "Nihonshoki."
Japanese: 推古天皇12年（604年）4月3日(旧暦)、「夏四月丙寅朔戊辰皇太子親肇作憲法十七條」（『日本書紀』）いわゆる十七条憲法を制定した。
English: The Constitution instructed powerful regional clans how they should conduct themselves as civil servants and emphasized having loyalty to the emperor and respect for Buddhism (some scholars including Sokichi TSUDA insists that the Constitution was a later forgery).
Japanese: 豪族たちに臣下としての心構えを示し、天皇に従い、仏法を敬うことを強調している（津田左右吉などはこれを「後世における偽作である」としている）。
English: In 607, he sent ONO no Imoko and KURATSUKURI no Fukuri to China to deliver a letter to the emperor of the Sui Dynasty.
Japanese: 推古天皇15年（607年）、小野妹子、鞍作福利を使者とし随に国書を送った。
English: According to the "Nihonshoki," in the letter brought by Haiseisei (裴世清) was written '皇帝問倭皇' (the Sui Emperor asks the King of Wa).
Japanese: 日本書紀によると裴世清が携えた書には「皇帝問倭皇」（「皇帝　倭皇に問ふ」）とある。
English: In the answer to this letter was written '東天皇敬白西皇帝' (The east Emperor answers to the west Emperor), which shows that 'the King of Wa' written by the Sui Dynasty was changed to 'the Emperor.'
Japanese: これに対する返書には「東天皇敬白西皇帝」（「東の天皇西の皇帝に敬まひて白す）とあり、隋が「倭皇」とした箇所を「天皇」としている。
English: Umayado no Miko deeply worshiped Buddhism and authored the three books known as Sangyo Gisho until 615.
Japanese: 厩戸皇子は仏教を厚く信仰し、推古天皇23年（615年）までに三経義疏を著した。
English: In 620, Umayado no Miko discussed with Umako and compiled "Kokki" (a National Record), "Tennoki" (a Record of the Emperors), and the like.
Japanese: 推古天皇28年（620年）、厩戸皇子は馬子と議して『国記』、『天皇記』などを選んだ。
English: In 622, Umayado no Miko collapsed in the Ikaruga no Miya palace, and on April 10th, his wife Kashiwade no Hokikimi no Iratsume died while praying for the recovery of her husband, and on April 11th, Umayado no Miko died.
Japanese: 推古天皇30年（622年）、斑鳩宮で倒れた厩戸皇子の回復を祈りながらの厩戸皇子妃・膳部菩岐々美郎女が2月21日に没し、その後を追うようにして翌22日、厩戸皇子は亡くなった。
English: Umayado no Miko administered the state affairs in cooperation with SOGA no Umako, who was the head of the most powerful regional clan in those days, enhanced centralization of the Imperial government by emulating the advanced Chinese model, built up the Imperial military forces through the project for the expedition to Silla, and imported the advanced cultures and systems of the Sui Dynasty by dispatching envoys to establish and maintain diplomatic relations with the Sui Dynasty.
Japanese: 厩戸皇子は当時最大の豪族である蘇我馬子と協調して政治を行ない、隋の進んだ文化をとりいれて天皇の中央集権を強化し、新羅遠征計画を通じて天皇の軍事力を強化し、遣隋使を派遣して外交を推し進めて隋の進んだ文化、制度を輸入した。
English: He had many great achievements including the promotion of Buddhism, and the improvement of the status of the emperor by compiling "Kokki" and "Tennoki."
Japanese: 仏教の興隆につとめ、『国記』、『天皇記』の編纂を通して天皇の地位を高めるなど大きな功績をあげた。
English: The name Shotoku Taishi was not used during his lifetime, and it is said that the name first appeared in the historical sources shown below which were written more than a century after his death.
Japanese: 聖徳太子という名は生前に用いられた名称ではなく、没後100年以上を経て成立した以下の史料が初出と言われる。
English: The article about Empress Suiko, a consort of the Emperor Bidatsu, in the "Nihonshoki" (720) describes '豐御食炊屋姬尊為皇后 是生二男五女 其一曰 菟道貝鮹皇女 更名 菟道磯津貝皇女也 是嫁於東宮聖德,' in which the name 'Shotoku Taishi' does not appear.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』（養老4年・720年）：敏達天皇の妃推古天皇についての記事に「豐御食炊屋姬尊為皇后是生二男五女其一曰菟道貝鮹皇女更名菟道磯津貝皇女也是嫁於東宮聖德」と見えるが、「聖徳太子」という名称は記されていない。
English: Hokijito Robanmei' cited in the "Shotoku Taishi Denshiki" (the Private Recollections on the Life of Prince Shotoku) written by Kenshin (allegedly in 706) describes 'Kamitsumiya no Taishi Shotoku no Sumera.'
Japanese: 顕真の著『聖徳太子伝私記』に引用される「法起寺塔露盤銘」（慶雲3年・706年という）に「上宮太子聖徳皇」と見える。
English: Shotoku Taishi is known by various other names as Umayado no O, Umayado no Miko, Toyotomimi, Kamitsumiyao as well as Umayado no Toyotomimi no Shotoku Hoo written in the "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu," Jogu Shotoku Hoo, and Jogu Shotoku no Miko written in the Manyoshu Vol. 3.
Japanese: 他にも厩戸王、厩戸皇子、豊聡耳、上宮王、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』での厩戸豊聰耳聖徳法王、上宮聖徳法王、万葉集巻三の上宮聖徳皇子　など、様々な名前で呼ばれる。
English: As the history books written during the Heian period including "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku" (Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan), "Okagami" (The Great Mirror), "Todaiji Yoroku" (The Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple), and "Mizukagami" (The Water Mirror) all describe 'Shotoku Taishi' and do not use 'Umayado' and 'Toyotomimi,' it is considered the name 'Shotoku Taishi' was prevalent in this period.
Japanese: 平安時代に成立した史書である『日本三代実録』『大鏡』『東大寺要録』『水鏡』等はいずれも「聖徳太子」と記載され、「厩戸」「豐聰耳」などの表記は見えないため、遅くともこの時期にはすでに「聖徳太子」の名が広く用いられていたことが伺える。
English: The school textbooks on history, which are generally referenced for names, have his name described as 'Shotoku Taishi' (Umayado no Miko).
Japanese: 一般的な呼称の基準ともなる歴史の教科書においては長く「聖徳太子（厩戸皇子）」とされてきた。
English: However, some textbooks such as "Shosetsu Nihonshi" (Detailed Japanese History) by Yamakawa Shuppansha changed the description to 'Umayatoo' (Shotoku Taishi) from the authorized edition of 2002 because 'it was not used during his lifetime' as mentioned above.
Japanese: しかし上記のように「存命中に用いられていた名称ではない」という理由により、たとえば山川出版社の『詳説日本史』では2002年度検定版から「厩戸王（聖徳太子）」に変更された。
English: Sometimes the portrait of Shotoku Taishi was printed on the front of bills (Bank of Japan notes).
Japanese: 聖徳太子の肖像画は過去に紙幣（日本銀行券）の絵柄として何度か使用されている。
English: Among others, the most famous was the one called 'C-10,000 yen ken' issued during the High Economic Growth in Japan from 1958 to 1984; in those days, 'Shotoku Taishi' meant large-denomination bills.
Japanese: 特に高度成長期に当たる1958年から1984年に発行された「C一万円券」が知られており、高額紙幣の代名詞として「聖徳太子」という言葉が使用されていた。
English: The portrait printed on that bill was adopted from Tohonmiei, which was considered to be the oldest portrait of Shotoku Taishi.
Japanese: なお、この肖像は太子を描いた最古のものと伝えられる唐本御影から採られている。
English: As the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, which are the main sources of the achievements and legends of Shotoku Taishi, were compiled about a century after his death, and by taking into account the circumstances behind their compilation, it is believed that the descriptions were somewhat dramatized.
Japanese: なお、聖徳太子の事績や伝説については、それらが主に掲載されている古事記日本書紀の編纂が既に死後1世紀近く経っていることや記紀成立の背景を反映して、脚色が加味されていると思われる。
English: There are a lot of temples which claim to have been built by Shotoku Taishi throughout Japan, but most of the histories are considered to have been fabricated in later ages to follow the examples of Shotoku Taishi.
Japanese: また、各地に聖徳太子が建てたという寺院が多いが、後世になって縁起で創作されたものが多いと思われる。
English: "Shotoku Taishi Denryaku," a biography of Shotoku Taishi written during the Heian period, introduces a lot of legends as a collection of Shotoku Taishi legends.
Japanese: 平安時代に著された聖徳太子の伝記『聖徳太子伝暦』は、聖徳太子伝説の集大成として多数の伝説を伝えている。
English: No less than ten men spoke to him at a time, but it is said that Umayado no Miko correctly understood them, and judged their words and answered to them all without error.
Japanese: 我先にと口を開いた請願者の数は10人にも上ったが、皇子は全ての人が発した言葉を漏らさず理解し、的確な答えを返したという。
English: After this event, he was also called Toyotomimi (also known as Toyosatomimi), meaning 'wise ears.'
Japanese: この故事に因み、これ以降皇子は豊聡耳（とよとみみ、とよさとみみ）とも呼ばれるようになった。
English: In fact, as the most convincing theory, it is said that ten men met and complained to him one by one in order, and after having listened to them, Umayado no Miko gave them proper advice respectively, which proves his sound memory.
Japanese: しかし実際には、10人が太子に順番に相談し、そして10人全ての話を聞いた後それぞれに的確な助言を残した、つまり記憶力が優れていた、という説が有力である。
English: In the "Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu" and the "Shotoku Taishi Denryaku," the number of men was eight, which was allegedly the origin of another of his names 'Umayado no Toyotoyatsumimi no Miko' (yatsumimi = eight ears.)
Japanese: 『上宮聖徳法王帝説』、『聖徳太子伝暦』では8人であり、それゆえ厩戸豊聰八耳皇子と呼ばれるとしている。
English: "Shotoku Taishi Denryaku" describes that he was able to understand 36 children's stories at a time when he was eleven years old.
Japanese: また『聖徳太子伝暦』には11歳の時に子供36人の話を同時に聞き取れたと記されている。
English: As another theory, it is said that the above-mentioned episodes were created after Shotoku Taishi was given a name 'Toyotomimi,' which means 'having good comprehension' = 'good at understanding people' = 'wise.'
Japanese: 一方「豊かな耳を持つ」＝「人の話を聞き分けて理解することに優れている」＝「頭がよい」という意味で豊聡耳という名が付けられてから上記の逸話が後付けされたとする説もある。
English: It is said that the original family name 'Toyotomi' of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI originated from 'Toyotomimi.'
Japanese: なお一説には、豊臣秀吉の本姓である「豊臣氏」（とよとみ）はこの「豊聡耳」から付けられたと言われる。
English: "Nihonshoki" describes 'Kanete Mizen wo Shiroshimesu' which means 'he knew the things that would happen in the future.'
Japanese: 『日本書紀』には「兼知未然（兼ねて未然を知ろしめす、兼ねて未だ然らざるを知ろしめす）」とある。
English: The description became one of the reasons for the rumor in the later ages that 'Miraiki' (also known as 'Nihonkoku Miraiki,' Shotoku Taishi's prediction) existed.
Japanese: この記述は後世に「未来記（日本国未来記、聖徳太子による予言）」の存在が噂される一因となった。
English: In "Heike monogatari" Vol. 8, it is described that 'Miraiki written by Shotoku Taishi has it that I feel nostalgia for today.'
Japanese: 『平家物語』巻第八に「聖徳太子の未来記にも、けふのことこそゆかしけれ」とある。
English: Masashige Tennoji no Miraiki hiken no koto' in the "Taiheiki" (The Record of the Great Peace) Vol. 6 describes that Masashige KUSUNOKI found 'Miraiki' and read that Emperor Godaigo would come back and take over direct control of the government.
Japanese: また、『太平記』巻六「正成天王寺の未来記披見の事」には楠木正成が未来記を実見し、後醍醐天皇の復帰とその親政を読み取る様が記されている。
English: From the descriptions, it can be seen that the name 'Miraiki' was well-known in those days.
Japanese: これらの記述からも未来記の名が当時良く知られていたことがうかがわれる。
English: However, as there is no evidence of the existence of 'Miraiki,' it is considered that it was just a fictitious book in a story or no more than hearsay.
Japanese: しかし、過去に未来記が実在した証拠が無く、物語中の架空の書か風聞の域を出ないものと言われている。
English: During the Edo period, Choon and others compiled "Sendai Kujihongi Taiseikyo" containing "Mizenhongi," which was banned by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a forgery to mislead the public and compilers of which were punished; the text can be considered to be an emulation of Miraiki.
Japanese: 江戸時代に、人心を惑わす偽書であるとして幕府により禁書とされ、編纂者の潮音らが処罰された『先代旧事本紀大成経』にある『未然本記』も未来記を模したものとみることができる。
English: During the battle between the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan, Shotoku Taishi, who was affiliated with the Soga clan, vowed to Shitenno that he would build a temple if they had won the battle.
Japanese: 蘇我氏と物部氏の戦いにおいて、蘇我氏側である聖徳太子は戦いに勝利すれば、寺院を建てると四天王に誓願を立てた。
English: As they were victorious, he built Shitenno-ji Temple (Tennoji Ward, Osaka City) in Osaka, Settsu Province as the first official temple in Japan.
Japanese: 見事勝利したので、摂津国大阪に日本最古の官寺として四天王寺（大阪市天王寺区）を建てた。
English: According to this theory, it is believed that Shotoku Taishi is a reincarnation of Kozan Eshi, who was a teacher of Tendai Chigi, the founder of the Tendaishu sect.
Japanese: 聖徳太子は天台宗開祖の天台智顗の師の衡山慧思の生まれ変わりであるとする。
English: "Shitenno-ji Shojiden (="Shichidaiki")," "Jogu Kotaishi Bosatsuden," "Shotoku Taishi Denryaku," and the like describe this theory.
Japanese: 『四天王寺障子伝（＝『七代記』）』、『上宮皇太子菩薩伝』、『聖徳太子伝暦』などに記述がある。
English: The theory 'Nangaku Eshi koshinsetsu' was also known in China and there is a theory that it drove the monk Ganjin (Jianzhen) to Japan.
Japanese: 中国でも、「南嶽慧思後身説」は知られており鑑真渡日の動機となったとする説もある。
English: In regards to the legends of the birth of Shotoku Taishi including that 'he was born in front of a stable' and 'his mother Hashihito no Himemiko became pregnant with him when the Bodhisattva of Compassion entered her womb,' some scholars represented by Kunitake KUME insist on the possibility that 'when the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki were compiled, stories of the Bible and the like were introduced to Japan through Nestorian Christianity that had arrived in China so that the story of the birth of Jesus Christ was adopted to the legend of the birth of Shotoku Taishi as a story of the humble birth of a nobleman.'
Japanese: 「厩の前で生まれた」、「母・間人皇女は救世観音が胎内に入り、皇子を身籠もった」などの太子出生伝説に関して、「記紀編纂当時既に中国に伝来していた景教（キリスト教のネストリウス派）の福音書の内容などが日本に伝わり、その中からイエス・キリスト誕生の逸話が貴種出生譚として聖徳太子伝説に借用された」との可能性を唱える研究者（久米邦武が代表例）もいる。
English: In general, however, it is mainly believed that the legend of the birth of Shotoku Taishi was an example of the influence of Chinese thoughts and culture in those days which had absorbed a lot of other cultures.
Japanese: しかし、一般的には、当時の国際色豊かな中国の思想・文化が流入した影響と見なす説が主流である。
English: Also, the year 574 when Shotoku Taishi was born was Kinoeuma, which means the year of the horse, according to an astrological calendar and a motif of a female becoming pregnant by the power of the Bodhisattva of Compassion or the Taoist immortal might have been established in ancient China (the birth story of Shotoku Taishi also resembles the birth story of Buddha, who lived before Jesus Christ).
Japanese: ちなみに出生の西暦574年の干支は甲午（きのえうま）でいわゆる午年であるし、また古代中国にも観音や神仙により受胎するというモチーフが成立し得たと考えられている（イエスよりさらに昔の釈迦出生の際の逸話にも似ている）。
English: In 614, when Shotoku Taishi was travelling about the place called Kataoka (hill of Kataoka), he found a starving man lying on the street.
Japanese: 推古天皇21年12月(旧暦)庚午朔（613年）皇太子が片岡（片岡山）に遊行した時、飢えた人が道に臥していた。
English: Then, Shotoku Taishi offered to the man something to drink and eat and covered the man with his clothes saying to the man 'take rest.'
Japanese: 太子はこれを見て飲み物と食物を与え、衣を脱いでその人を覆ってやり、「安らかに寝ていなさい。」と語りかけた。
English: The next day, Shotoku Taishi sent his servant to see the man, the servant returned and said 'The man was dead.'
Japanese: 翌日、太子が使者にその人を見に行かせたところ、使者は戻って来て、「すでに死んでいました」と告げた。
English: Deeply grieved to hear that, Shotoku Taishi had the man's body buried at the place and sealed the grave.
Japanese: 太子は大いに悲しんで、亡骸をその場所に埋葬してやり、墓を固く封じた。
English: A few days later, Shotoku Taishi told his attendant 'The man was not an ordinary person. He must be a Shinjin (immortal)' and sent a servant to see the grave.
Japanese: 数日後、太子は近習の者を召して、「あの人は普通の者ではない。真人にちがいない」と語り、使者に見に行かせた。
English: The servant returned and said 'Nothing wrong could be seen about the grave. But when I opened the coffin, the man's corpse was gone. Only your clothes were folded on the coffin.'
Japanese: 使者が戻って来て、「墓に行って見ましたが、動かした様子はありませんでした。しかし、棺を開いてみると屍も骨もありませんでした。ただ棺の上に衣服だけがたたんで置いてありました」と告げた。
English: Shotoku Taishi had his clothes brought back and wore them as he had before.
Japanese: 太子は再び使者を行かせて、その衣を持ち帰らせ、いつものように身に着けた。
English: People were struck with awe, saying 'It is true that a saint can recognize another saint,' and had deeper respect for Shotoku Taishi.
Japanese: 人々は大変不思議に思い、「聖（ひじり）は聖を知るというのは、真実だったのだ」と語って、ますます太子を畏敬した。
English: Daruma-ji Temple was constructed at the site of the man's grave in Oji-cho, Kitakaturagi County.
Japanese: 飢人の墓の地とされた北葛城郡王寺町に達磨寺(北葛城郡王寺町)が建立されている。
English: The Imperial Household Agency identifies 'Eifuku-ji Kita-kofun Tumulus' in Eifuku-ji Temple in Taishi-cho, Minamikawachi County, Osaka Prefecture with the graveyard of Shotoku Taishi (known as Shotoku Taishi Gobyo, Shinagaryo).
Japanese: 墓所は大阪府南河内郡太子町(大阪府)の叡福寺にある「叡福寺北古墳」が宮内庁により比定されている（聖徳太子御廟・磯長陵しながりょう）。
English: In 2002, the Archives and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency provided the mound with the necessary equipment to preserve the Kekkaiseki, and at that time, three parts at the foot of the mound were excavated.
Japanese: 2002年に結界石の保存のため、宮内庁書陵部によって整備され、墳丘すそ部が3カ所発掘された。
English: On November 14, 2002, the findings of the investigation were reported to the representatives of archaeologists and historians.
Japanese: 2002年11月14日、考古学、歴史学の学会代表らに調査状況が初めて公開された。