nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Among them, MINAMOTO no Makoto (noble), MINAMOTO no Tokiwa and MINAMOTO no Toru became Sadaijin, Minister of the Left and formed a big power of the Imperial court at the beginning of the Heian period.
Japanese: この内、源信(公卿)・源常・源融は左大臣となり、平安時代初期に朝廷の一大勢力をなした。
English: In addition, among the descendants of MINAMOTO no Hikaru was MINAMOTO no Atsushi, who was the father of the wife of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka of Seiwa-Genji and also foster father of MINAMOTO no Tsuna (WATANABE no Tsuna) of Saga-Genji.
Japanese: また、源光の子孫に、清和源氏の源満仲の妻の父であり、嵯峨源氏の源綱（渡辺綱）の養父である源敦がいる。
English: Seiwa-Genji was considered to be the top of the military families because it produced successive shogun during the Kamakura period, an extremely large number of military families, such as Ashikaga and Tokugawa who produced samurai, and claimed to be descendants of Seiwa-Genji.
Japanese: 鎌倉将軍一覧を輩出したことから、武家の統領の家柄とされ、足利氏・徳川氏の両将軍家を初めとして、極めて多数の武家が清和源氏の子孫と称した。
English: There is an explanation that MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, origin of Seiwa-Genji, was a grandchild of the Emperor Yozei, which accepted by some researchers, although it is not widely approved by academy.
Japanese: 清和源氏の祖とされる源経基は陽成天皇の孫とする説があり、この説に賛意を示す学者もいるが、広く学界の承認するまでには至っていない。
English: MINAMOTO no Yasunao, a great-grandchild of the first princess Koretada, was a patriarch of sculptors of Buddha statues, from which each school of Buddha statue sculpture originated.
Japanese: 第一皇子である是忠親王の曾孫源康尚は仏師流の祖となり、この系統から仏工の各流派を輩出した。
English: Both of the brothers MINAMOTO no Masanobu and MINAMOTO no Shigehartu, the children of the eighth Prince Atsuzane, became Sadaijin.
Japanese: 第八皇子である敦実親王の子、源雅信・源重信兄弟はいずれも左大臣となった。
English: The descendants of MINAMOTO no Masanobu were prosperous among others, producing five Tosho-ke (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) lineages as court nobles and Sasaki clan as a military family.
Japanese: 特に源雅信の子孫が栄え、公家としては堂上家5家を、武家として佐々木氏を輩出した。
English: The descendants of the Udaijin MINAMOTO no Morofusa, who was a child of the seventh Prince Tomohira and became a contractual adopted child of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, were prosperous.
Japanese: 第七皇子の具平親王の子で藤原頼通の猶子となった右大臣源師房の子孫が栄えた。
English: The descendants produced many members of the Tosho-ke and the members of Morofusa monopolized the Genji choja (head of the Minamoto clan) before Asikaga came in power in the Muromachi period.
Japanese: その子孫からは多数の堂上家を輩出し、室町時代に足利氏に奪われるまで源氏長者は師房一族が独占した。
English: It is said that Nobutsuna TASHIRO, one of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's retainers who appeared in the Heike Monogatari, was a grandchild of MINAMOTO no Arihito (see "Genpei Seisuiki").
Japanese: 源頼朝の家臣で平家物語にも登場する田代信綱は源有仁の孫とされる（『源平盛衰記』）。
English: The Prince Mochihito, who was not entitled to hold the name of Imperial prince, named himself the Imperial Prince Saisho in 1180 and raised an army with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa under the slogan of eliminating the Emperor Antoku and the Taira clan government but was killed in a battle (army raised by Prince Mochihito).
Japanese: 以仁王は親王宣下がなされず、ついに治承4年（1180年）、最勝親王を名乗り安徳天皇と平氏政権の排除を唱えて源頼政とともに挙兵するが、敗死した（以仁王の挙兵）。
English: During this battle, he was given the surname of Minamoto by the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, was renamed the Prince Mochihito and was doomed into exile.
Japanese: その際、後白河院から源姓を賜与されて名も「以仁王」と改められ、流罪が下された。
English: MINAMOTO no Yoshinari, a grandchild of the Imperial Prince Yoshimune, called himself Yotsutuji and was promoted up to Sadaijin thanks to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's backup.
Japanese: 善統親王の孫源善成は四辻を号し足利義満の応援も受けて左大臣に昇った。
English: After the Imperial Prince Munetaka, the second son of the Emperor Gosaga, retired from the list of the sixth Kamakura Shogun, Imperial Prince Koreyasu, the eldest son of the Imperial Prince Munetaka, became the seventh Shogun and was given the surname of Minamoto, to call himself MINAMOTO no Koreyasu.
Japanese: 後嵯峨天皇の第二皇子宗尊親王が第6代鎌倉将軍一覧を退いた後、その一男で7代将軍に就任した惟康親王に対し、源姓が賜与されて「源惟康」となった。
English: After that, the Kamakura bakufu expelled Koreyaku to Kyoto, then the Imerial court, at the request of the bakufu, gave him the title of Imperial Prince as groudwork for receiving the Imperial Prince Hisaakira as shogun and Koreyasu returned to the Imperial Family.
Japanese: ただし、その後鎌倉幕府が惟康を京へ追放し、代わりに久明親王を将軍に迎えるため、その下準備として幕府の要請により朝廷より惟康に対して親王宣下がなされ、惟康は皇族に復帰。
English: Descendants of the Imperial Prince Hisaakira who was a son of the eighty-eighth Emperor Gofukakusa and who became the eighth Seii Taishogun of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 89代後深草天皇の皇子で、鎌倉幕府8代征夷大将軍となった久明親王の子孫。
English: It is said that Imperial Prince Morikuni (ninth Shogun) and Imperial Prince Hisanaga, both being children of the Imperial Prince Hisaakira, were given the surname of Minamoto.
Japanese: 久明親王の子守邦親王（9代将軍）・久良親王が源姓を賜与されたとされる。
English: The family name of the Taira clan was derived from "TAIRA no Ason," which was one of the official titles given to a member of the Imperial Family if they became vassals.
Japanese: 平氏（へいし、たいらうじ）は、皇族が臣下に下る際に賜るカバネの一つ、「平朝臣」を姓とする臣籍降下。
English: While the family names of Minamoto and Taira were both conferred on princes and princesses, many of those who received the title of Taira were said to have been the emperor's grandchildren or more distant relatives; therefore, the Taira clan was considered to hold a lower rank than the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 源氏と同じく、皇子皇女の処遇として賜姓が行われたが、天皇の孫以降の代に賜姓を受けた例が多いと言われ、そのため源氏よりも格は下とされる。
English: While the origin of the name 'Taira' is unknown, the most influential theory proposed by Akira OTA and developed by Kunihiko FUJIKI, Arikiyo SAEKI and others, states that "Taira" derives from a Japanese reading of the kanji character "平" in "平安京," the ancient capital in present-day Kyoto which was built by the Emperor Kanmu, an ancestor of the first Taira clan, Kanmu-Heishi.
Japanese: 「平」という名称の由来は不明であるが、もっとも有力な説は太田亮が唱えて藤木邦彦・佐伯有清らが発展させた説で、最初の平氏であった桓武平氏の祖である桓武天皇が建設した平安京にちなんで「平（和訓多比良）」と名づけたとするものである。
English: Masahiko YASUDA also supports this theory but makes the point that the name could also have come from the Chinese classics, as the names of Minamoto and Ariwara clans did.
Japanese: また、安田政彦はこの説を支持しつつも、源氏・在原氏と同様に中国古典からの出典も存在した可能性について指摘している。
English: There were four Taira clan lineages; the Kanmu-Heishi descended from Emperor Kanmu, Ninmyo-Heishi (Taira clan) descended from Emperor Ninmyo, Montoku-Heishi (Taira clan) descended from Emperor Montoku, and Koko-Heishi (Taira clan) descended from Emperor Koko.
Japanese: 桓武天皇から出た桓武平氏、仁明天皇から出た仁明平氏、文徳天皇から出た文徳平氏、光孝天皇から出た光孝平氏の四流ある。
English: Of these, the only lineage to produce famous samurai families was the Kanmu-Heishi lineage, which included the following branches: the Ise-Heishi, from which the Heike (the family of TAIRA no Kiyomori that established the Taira clan government) was descended; and the Bando-Heishi, from which the Hojo clan (which became regents of the Kamakura bakufu, a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was descended.
Japanese: 武家平氏として子孫の活躍が知られるのは平氏政権を作った平家（平清盛の家）を出した伊勢平氏や、鎌倉幕府の執権北条氏を出した坂東平氏などの桓武平氏のみである。
English: It is generally believed that the Minamoto clan ruled the Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region), while the Taira clan held power in the Saigoku (the western part of Japan, particularly Kyushu but ranging as far east as Kinki), but members of the Taira clan could also be found in the Togoku as well.
Japanese: 一般的に「東国の源氏、西国の平氏」と言われるが、東国に平氏が全くいなかったわけではない。
English: In fact, it would be more appropriate to say that the influence of the samurai of Taira lineage first covered the Togoku where many imperial princes were appointed to the governors of provinces, and later the Taira clan expanded their sphere of influence to the center (the Imperial court) and to the Saigoku.
Japanese: むしろ親王任国が集中した東国が平氏系武士の盤踞地で、その一族がその後、中央（朝廷）に勢力を伸ばし、西国にも平氏勢力が広がっていったという方が適切である。
English: Famous members of the Taira clan included the following: TAIRA no Masakado of Shimousa Province and Hitachi Province, who tried but failed to establish an independent government in Togoku; TAIRA no Kiyomori, who led the aristocratic government; and the Bando-Heishi, supporters of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who had toppled Kiyomori; ironically, both Kiyomori and the Bando-Heishi could trace their ancestry back to the lineage of the Taira clan that was native to the Togoku.
Japanese: 著名な平氏出身者としては例えば東国に独立政権を樹立しようとして失敗した下総国・常陸国の平将門、時代が下って貴族政権で台頭した平清盛の先祖も東国出身の土着平氏であり、これを倒した源頼朝を支えた坂東平氏も同じ土着系平氏の末裔であった。
English: This shared ancestry is the reason why the conflict is referred to as 'the conflict between the Minamoto clan and Heike (family of TAIRA no Kiyomori),' not as the 'conflict between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan.'
Japanese: この時の源平氏族のこと争いを「源氏と平氏」ではなく、「源氏と平家（平清盛の一族）」と呼ばれ区別されるのはこのためでる。
English: The Fujiwara clan successfully introduced the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) between the years 600 and 700; specifically, one of the Fujiwara clan lines, the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, established its foundations in Togoku (the Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the Nasu clan, the Koyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan, the Hiki clan, etc.).
Japanese: 西暦600～700年にかけて律令制の導入に成功した藤原氏、特に藤原北家が東国においてもその基盤を確立した（宇都宮氏、小田氏、那須氏、小山氏、結城氏、佐野氏、比企氏等）。
English: Prior to the compilation of Taiho Code, the Yamato kingdom (ancient kingdom of Japan) summoned SHIMOTSUKENU no Komaro who was a member of the local ruling family SHIMOTSUKENU in Shimotsuke Province (present-day Tochigi Prefecture) in Togoku, to be engaged in compilation of the codes with FUJIWARA no Fuhito.
Japanese: なおヤマト王権は大宝律令の編纂に先じて東国下野国（現在の栃木県）の国造・下毛野君の一族である下野宇都宮氏下毛野氏を召集し、藤原不比等と伴に律令編纂に従事させている。
English: Thereafter, the Kanmu-Heishi, which was descended from the fiftieth Emperor Kanmu, took over Togoku (Hitachi Province, Kazusa Province and Kozuke Province) by appointing imperial princes to the governors of the provinces.
Japanese: その後、第50代桓武天皇から派生した桓武平氏は東国を親王任国として自領化していった（常陸国・上総国・上野国）。
English: The famous Bando-Heishi clans included the Kamakura, Miura, Chiba, Kazusa, Chichibu, Daijo, Nakamura, Nagao, and Kajiwara.
Japanese: 坂東平氏として著名なのは、鎌倉氏、三浦氏、千葉氏、上総氏、秩父氏、大掾氏、中村氏、長尾氏、梶原氏等である。
English: Meanwhile, the Seiwa-Genji branch of the Minamoto clan (who were descended from Emperor Seiwa, the fifty-sixth emperor) and particularly the Kawachi-Genji branch of the Minamoto clan (which was known as the head of the samurai families based in Kawachi Province, which was located in the Kinai region) prevented the privileged classes (clans such as the Taira and Fujiwara) from assuming power and steadily extended the power base of the Minamoto clan throughout the Togoku.
Japanese: 一方で第56代清和天皇から派生した清和源氏、特に武家棟梁と呼ばれる畿内の河内国を本拠地とした河内源氏の一族は特権階級（平氏や藤原氏等）の増長を制し、着々と東国にその基盤を広げて行った。
English: The famous Minamoto clans in the Bando (old Kanto) region descended from the Kawachi-Genji included the Nitta, Ashikaga, Satake, Takeda, Ogasawara, and Satomi.
Japanese: 河内源氏の流れを汲む坂東の源氏として著名なのは新田氏、足利氏、佐竹氏、武田氏、小笠原氏、里見氏等である。
English: Families of the Bando-Heishi clan either became retainers for or rebelled against and suppressed by the Genji and Fujiwara clans, and thus hardly left their marks on the history of Togoku, while TAIRA no Kiyomori who came from the Ise-Heishi ruled Saigoku and controlled the central government.
Japanese: 結果的に坂東平氏は源氏一門や藤原氏一門に恭順し家臣となるか、あるいは抵抗して追討されるなどして、東国史上華々しい成果を収めなかったのに対し、伊勢平氏の平清盛は西国を制して中央政権を牛耳った。
English: After MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was descended from the Bando-Genji line of the Kawachi-Genji, rebelled against and defeated the Taira clan, he founded the Kamakura bakufu in Togoku, but Yoshisada NITTA and Takauji ASHIKAGA, under orders from Emperor Godaigo, toppled the Kamakura bakufu, which had been taken over by the Bando-Heishi, and contributed to the establishment of a new central government; moreover, the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo bakufu were feudal governments administered by the Bando-Genji.
Japanese: これに抗した河内源氏流の坂東源氏・源頼朝が平氏を追討して東国に鎌倉幕府を開き、さらに後醍醐天皇の意向を受けた新田義貞・足利尊氏が坂東平氏に乗っ取られた鎌倉幕府を倒して新たな中央政権樹立に貢献したこと、さらに鎌倉幕府・室町幕府・江戸幕府揃って坂東源氏の政権であったことなどあった。
English: Although it was a branch of the Ise-Heishi clan, the term 'Heike' (Taira family) specifically refers to TAIRA no Kiyomori, who established the so-called Heishi government, and members of his family.
Japanese: その伊勢平氏の傍流であったが、いわゆる平氏政権を打ち立てた平清盛とその一族を特に“平家”（へいけ）と呼ぶ。
English: In contrast, many families of the Minamoto clan used the Minamoto surname and were collectively referred to as Genji (the Minamoto clan); and the term Genke, referring to a single Minamoto family, is rarely used.
Japanese: これに対して源氏は、源姓を名のった一族は多く、源家は複数になるため、通常は、源家総体という意味での源氏と呼び、源家という言い方はあまり用いない。
English: The Kanmu-Heishi were established by some lower ranked grandsons of Emperor Kanmu who had been given the honorary surname of 'TAIRA no Ason' upon being demoted from the Imperial family in and after 825.
Japanese: 桓武平氏（かんむへいし）は、天長2年（825年）以降に桓武天皇の孫たちのうち身分の低い者が、「平朝臣」を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族である。
English: The most prosperous lineage was that of Imperial Prince Kazurawara, and the other three lineages were those of Imperial Prince Manda, Imperial Prince Nakano and Imperial Prince Kaya.
Japanese: 繁栄したのは葛原親王の流れであるが、その他、万多親王流・仲野親王流及び賀陽親王流の三つの流れがある。
English: This is one of the four Kanmu-Heishi lineages followed by the two well-known lineages: the Prince Takamune lineage of court nobles which originates from Prince Takamune, the first son of the Imperial Prince Kazurawara who was named TAIRA no Takamune on demotion from the Imperial family; and the Prince Takamochi lineage of samurai families which originates from Prince Takamochi, a son of the Prince Takami (the third son of the Imperial Prince Kazurawara) who was named TAIRA no Takamochi on demotion from the Imperial family.
Japanese: 桓武平氏四流のうちの一つであり、葛原親王流には葛原親王の長男高棟王が臣籍降下し平高棟となった公家の高棟王流と、三男の高見王ととも高見王の子高望王が臣籍降下し平高望となった武家の高望王流の二流が知られる。
English: They were the descendants of Prince Takamune, the first son of Imperial Prince Kazurawara who was named TAIRA no Takamune when a surname was conferred in 825.
Japanese: 葛原親王の長男で、天長2年（825年）に賜姓を受けて平高棟となった高棟王の子孫。
English: Members of this lineage became court nobles and remained in Kyoto; in the late Heian period, the following prominent figures came from this lineage: TAIRA no Tokiko (Nii no Ama), the lawful wife of TAIRA no Kiyomori (from the lineage of the Prince Takamochi); TAIRA no Tokitada, Tokiko's brother, who was promoted to Dainagon (Major Counselor) of Shonii (Senior Second Rank) owing to Kiyomori's influence; and Kenshunmonin TAIRA no Shigeko, their half-sister.
Japanese: この流れは公家として京都に残り、平安時代末期に平清盛（高望王流）の正室平時子（二位尼）と、その弟で清盛の威勢によって正二位大納言にのぼった平時忠、異母妹の建春門院平滋子が出た。
English: After the Battle of Dan no ura, Tokitada was exiled to the Noto Province and died there, but the descendants of his brother TAIRA no Chikamune (the Karahashi family) and those of his uncle TAIRA no Nobunori (the Nishinotoin family, the Agoin family and the Karasumaru family) survived as court nobles through the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 時忠は壇ノ浦の合戦後、能登国に流され没落したが、時忠の弟平親宗の子孫（唐橋家）や叔父平信範の子孫（西洞院家・安居院家・烏丸家）は鎌倉時代以降も公家として続いた。
English: The Nishinotoin family in particular survived into the Edo period, and this head family and four branch families became Tosho-ke (the hereditary lineage of court nobles occupying relatively high ranks).
Japanese: 特に西洞院家は江戸時代まで続き、分家により同家も含め5家の堂上家を出した。
English: In addition, families identifying themselves as descendants of Tokikuni, a son of Tokitada, became wealthy farmers in the Noto peninsula (the Kamitokikuni family and the Shimotokikuni family), and exist to this day.
Japanese: なお、時忠の子時国の子孫を称する家が能登半島で豪農（上時国家、下時国家）となり、現在も続いている。
English: This lineage originated with Prince Takamochi, a son of Prince Takami (the third son of Imperial Prince Kazurawara) who, having been given an honorary surname, was named TAIRA no Takamochi.
Japanese: 葛原親王の三男、高見王の子高望王が賜姓を受けて平高望となったのに始まる家。
English: However, since the name of the Prince Takami is not found in historical sources from the relevant period, there is some doubt about this lineage.
Japanese: 但し、高見王の名は同時代の史料に名前が見えないので系譜には疑問も残る。
English: Based on a record stating that the surname of 'Taira no Ason' was conferred on five imperial princes (of unknown names) in 889, it is assumed that Prince Takamochi was one of them.
Japanese: 寛平元年（889年）に皇族5名が平朝臣を賜姓されたとの記録（個々の名前は伝わらない）があるので、高望王はそのうちの一人と推定されている。
English: While many other kokushi stayed in Kyoto (so-called Yonin Kokushi), Takamochi left the capital and went into the province with his sons TAIRA no Kunika, TAIRA no Yoshikane and TAIRA no Yoshimasa.
Japanese: 遥任国司が多いなか、子の平国香・平良兼・平良将を伴い任地に下向した。
English: Takamochi did not return to Kyoto after he served out his term, and his sons Kunika filled the post of Hitachi no daijo (Senior Secretary of Hitachi Province) and Yoshimasa of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).
Japanese: そして任期が過ぎても帰京せず、国香は常陸大掾、良将は鎮守府将軍を勤めるなどした。
English: They expanded their power from Kazusa Province into Hitachi Province and Shimousa Province, forming armed groups in the Bando (old Kanto) region, which became the foundation of the Taira clan as samurai.
Japanese: 上総国ばかりでなく常陸国や下総国にも勢力を拡大、坂東に武士団を形成し武家平氏の基盤を固めた。
English: TAIRA no Yoshifumi, a son of Takamochi's concubine, also left Kyoto for Bando, and his descendants formed samurai clans such as the Miura, Doi, Chichibu and Chiba in various locations across Bando.
Japanese: また、高望の側室の子平良文もその後坂東に下り、良文の子孫も坂東に散らばって三浦氏・土肥氏・秩父氏・千葉氏などの武家となった。
English: Masanori's son, TAIRA no Tadamori, was the first member of the family to be granted access to the Imperial court, and Tadamori's son (Kiyomori) established the Heike-dominated government and became extremely powerful; the proud and arrogant Heike were not to last for long, however, and they were destroyed in the Battle of Dan no ura.
Japanese: 正盛の子平忠盛が初めて昇殿を許され、忠盛の子清盛は平氏政権を樹立し栄華を誇ったが、驕る平家は久しからず、壇ノ浦の戦いで滅亡した。
English: Heike no Ochiudo (Heike fugitives from the Genpei War) scattered across the country to live their lives in secrecy, and many samurai families that identified themselves as descendants of the Ochiudo included the Tanegashima clan in Satsuma Province, the So clan in Tsushima Province, and the Oda clan in Owari Province.
Japanese: 各地に散らばって隠れ住んだ平家の落人の子孫を自称する武家は大変多く、代表的なものとして薩摩国の種子島氏、対馬国の宗氏、尾張国の織田氏などが挙げられる。
English: However, these are likely to have been descendants of retainers who served the Heike, rather than actual members of the Heike family (according to another theory, the Oda clan was descended from the Fujiwara clan).
Japanese: しかし、これらは子孫だとしても平家一族の子孫ではなく、平家に仕えた郎党の子孫というべきだろう（織田氏については藤原氏説もあり）。
English: Examples of the hiding villages of the Heike no Ochiudo include Gokanosho in Kumamoto Prefecture and Gokayama in Toyama Prefecture.
Japanese: 熊本県の五家荘や富山県の五箇山などは平家の落人の隠れ里と伝えられる。
English: These so-called hiding villages for the surviving Heike fighters, their families and retainers are commonly called 'Heike-dani (villages of Heike fugitives).'
Japanese: これら平家の落武者およびその家族、使用人等の隠れ里と伝わる地を「平家谷」と通称する。
English: The Muromachi period saw the completion of the "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike), an epic account of the Genpei War that has been widely read up to this day.
Japanese: 室町時代に入ると『平家物語』が完成し、今日まで広く愛される軍記物語となった。
English: This clan originated with the descendents of Prince Masamochi, Prince Yukitada, and Prince Koretoki (all of whom were grandsons of Emperor Ninmyo), who were given the honorary surname of Taira no Ason upon being demoted from the Imperial family.
Japanese: 仁明天皇の孫・雅望王、行忠王及び惟時王の子孫が平朝臣を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族。
English: It should be noted that some documents define the Ninmyo-Heishi as 'the clan originating with the descendants of Imperial Prince Motoyasu, a son of Emperor Ninmyo, who were given the surname of 'Taira no Ason' upon being demoted from the Imperial family.'
Japanese: なお「仁明天皇の皇子・本康親王の子孫が「平朝臣」を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族」を仁明平氏と定義している文献もある。
English: This definition is implausible because some of Imperial Prince Motoyasu's sons were given the surname of Minamoto no Ason and became Ninmyo-Genji, such as MINAMOTO no Kaneji (源兼似), MINAMOTO no Kanehito (源兼仁), MINAMOTO no Chogan (源朝鑑), MINAMOTO no Yasumochi (源保望), and MINAMOTO no Yoshimichi (源由道).
Japanese: しかし、本康親王の皇子でも源兼似・源兼仁・源朝鑑・源朝憲・源保望・源由道のように源朝臣を賜姓されて仁明源氏となった者もいる。
English: This clan originated with the descendants of Imperial Prince Korehiko (Emperor Montoku's son), who were given the honorary surname of Taira no Ason upon being demoted from the Imperial family.
Japanese: 文徳天皇の皇子・惟彦親王の子孫が平朝臣を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族。
English: This clan originated with descendants of Prince Shikisen and Prince Koga (grandchildren of Emperor Koko), who were given the honorary surname of Taira no Ason upon being demoted from the Imperial family.
Japanese: 光孝天皇の孫・式膽王及び興我王の子孫が平朝臣を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族。
English: It should be noted that some documents define the Koko-Heishi as 'the clan originating with the descendants of Imperial Prince Koretada, a son of Emperor Koko, who were given the surname of 'Taira no Ason' upon being demoted from the Imperial family.'
Japanese: なお「光孝天皇の皇子・是忠親王の子孫が「平朝臣」を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族」を光孝平氏と定義している文献もある。
English: This definition is implausible because some descendants of Imperial Prince Koretada who were given the surname 'Minamoto no Ason' became the Koko-Genji; an example of this is MINAMOTO no Yasunao, a son of MINAMOTO no Yasuyuki, whose grandfather Prince Eiga was a son of Imperial Prince Koretada.
Japanese: しかし、是忠親王の子孫でも源康尚（源康行の子。康尚の祖父・英我王は是忠親王の子）のように源朝臣を賜姓されて光孝源氏となった者もいる。
English: TAIRA no Nakaki, the grandchild of TAIRA no Takamune, was adopted by Prince Tadamochi, a son of Imperial Prince Koretada, and therefore added into the Prince Takamune lineage of the Kanmu-Heishi, but Nakaki's descendants were Koko-Heishi.
Japanese: また、平高棟の孫・平中興は是忠親王の子・忠望王の養子になったため、血筋からみると高棟王流桓武平氏だが中興の子孫は光孝平氏である。
English: The Hojo clan was a gozoku (local ruling family) originating in Izu Province which provided hereditary regents of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: 北条氏（ほうじょうし）は、伊豆国出身の豪族で、鎌倉幕府の執権職を世襲した一族である。
English: Being of the lineage of TAIRA no Sadamori from the Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), the Hojo clan identified itself as the descendants of TAIRA no Naokata; they are said to have taken the name "Hojo" when Tokikata was appointed to the position of suke (vice governor) for Izu Province and settled in Hojogo, Izu Province (present-day Izunokuni City, Shizuoka Prefecture).
Japanese: 桓武平氏・平貞盛の流れを汲む平直方の子孫を称し、時方のとき伊豆国となって伊豆国北条郷（現静岡県伊豆の国市）に土着し、北条氏を名乗ったという。
English: However, there are doubts over the Hojo clan lineage because the Hojo clan family trees in existence today provide conflicting records of the generations before Tokimasa.
Japanese: しかし今日伝わる北条氏系図はいずれも時政以前の世系がまちまちで一致せず、疑点が多い。
English: A 'jo' is a unit of area smaller than a 'gun' (county) or 'go' (village), and unlike other major armed groups in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) who ruled territories of 'gun' or larger area (e.g. the Miura, Chiba, Koyama and Chichibu clans) and had been scattering their powerful branch families across Togoku since generations before, the Hojo clan did not have any such branch families.
Japanese: 「条」とは、郡・郷よりさらに小さい規模の領域を示す単位であり、郡規模あるいはそれ以上の範囲に領域支配を展開する他の東国有力武士団である三浦氏・千葉氏・小山氏・秩父氏などは、どれも何代か前から多くの有力な一族を各地に分派させているが、北条氏にはそうした一族が少しもみられない。
English: Moreover, Tokimasa HOJO who was already in his forties had simply identified himself as Shiro HOJO without having the post of suke (vice governor) or any official rank.
Japanese: そして40歳を越えた北条時政が、ただ北条四郎と名乗っているのみで、介はもとより、何の官位も持っていなかったのである。
English: Based on these facts, it is impossible to assume that the Hojo clan were the great Gozoku in the Izu Province in the lineage of TAIRA no Naotaka of the Kanmu-Heishi and had greater influence than other armed groups in Togoku.
Japanese: それらの点から考えて、北条氏を桓武平氏直方の流れをひく伊豆の大豪族で、他の東国武士団より強い勢力を持っていたとは考えられない。
English: Therefore, it is assumed that they were the middle-class samurai in Izu Province resided at Hojo in the capacity of Zaichokanjin (local officials) without a great deal of power.
Japanese: 伊豆の在庁官人として北条の地に館をかまえる武士であったが、その規模はけっして大きくなく、伊豆においても中流クラスの存在であったとみられる。
English: A son of Tokikata, Tokimasa HOJO married his daughter Masako HOJO to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and helped his son-in-law to raise an army.
Japanese: 時方の子北条時政は、娘北条政子が源頼朝の妻となったことから頼朝の挙兵に協力した。