nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: It began when a close friend sent a plant from Kyoto to console the heart of Michikatsu NAKANOIN, who was the kuge (court noble) and Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor) that defied the order of the emperor and was exiled to Tango.
Japanese: 勅勘をこうむり、丹後に配流となった公家の権中納言中院通勝卿の心をなぐさめるため、親しい友人が京都より苗木を送つたことに始まるといわれる。
English: This Shidarezakura is located within the compound of the Ruri-ji Temple of the Soto sect of Zen Buddhism, and the three hundred years old ancient tree has a trunk circumference of 2.52 meters and height of 7 meters.
Japanese: 当しだれ桜は舞鶴市吉田地区の曹洞宗瑠璃寺境内に位置し、なかでも樹齢300年といわれる古木は幹周囲2.52m、高さ7mにもなる。
English: Kayadani is an alluvial fan surrounded on two sides by the Oeyama and Egasa mountain range in the Tango region, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 加悦谷（かやだに）は京都府丹後地方、大江山連峰と江笠連峰に囲まれた扇状地。
English: Noda-gawa River runs through Kayadani from north to south runs into the inland sea (Aso-kai) of Amanohashidate, and is one of the three most scenic spots in Japan.
Japanese: 加悦谷を南北に流れる野田川が、日本三景の一つである天橋立の内海（阿蘇海）に注ぎ込む。
English: In March 2006, Yosano-cho was formed as a result of merging three towns in Kayadani.
Japanese: 2006年(平成18年)3月には加悦谷3町が市町村合併し、与謝野町が誕生した。
English: Iwataki Hot Spring is located in Yosano-cho (former Iwataki-cho) (Tango Province (old province)), Yosa-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 岩滝温泉（いわたきおんせん）は、京都府与謝郡与謝野町（旧岩滝町）（旧国丹後国）にある温泉。
English: Ogura-ike Pond used to exist in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, being encompassed by the present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Uji City and Kumiyama-cho (although, considering its size, it would have been more appropriate to call it a lake).
Japanese: 巨椋池（おぐらいけ）は、京都府の南部、現在の京都市伏見区、宇治市、久御山町にまたがる場所に、かつて存在した池である（規模からいえば池よりも「湖」の方がふさわしい）。
English: Ogura-ike Pond was transformed through time by various civil engineering works including banking during the construction of Fushimi-jo Castle by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and, ultimately, it was converted to farmland by the land reclamation project that took place between 1933 and 1941.
Japanese: 豊臣秀吉による伏見城築城期の築堤をはじめとする土木工事などにより時代によって姿を変え、最終的には1933年（昭和8年）から1941年（昭和16年）にかけて行われた干拓事業によって農地に姿を変えた。
English: Prior to reclamation, the circumference and area of Ogura-ike Pond were approximately 16 km and 800 ha, respectively, being the largest freshwater lake in Kyoto Prefecture in those days.
Japanese: 干拓前の巨椋池は周囲約16km、水域面積約800haであり、当時京都府で最大の面積を持つ淡水湖であった。
English: The history of Ogura-ike Pond can be broken down into several phases by the projects that significantly altered the shape of that pond.
Japanese: 巨椋池の形態に大きな変化を与えた事業によって、いくつかの段階に分けて考えることができる。
English: The point where the Yodo-gawa River flows into Kyoto Basin is at the lowest altitude in that basin and the Uji-gawa River, the only river originating from Lake Biwa, formed an enormous drainage basin covering the area from the vicinity of Byodoin Temple, where that river runs into Kyoto Basin and upstreams of the points where the Uji-gawa River meets Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) in the western part of Kyoto Basin and the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system).
Japanese: 淀川が京都盆地に流れ込むところは、京都盆地の中でも最も低いところに位置しており、琵琶湖から流れ出る唯一の河川である宇治川は、京都盆地へ流入する平等院付近から、京都盆地の西端にあった木津川(京都府)、桂川(淀川水系)との合流点の上流側にかけて広大な遊水池を形成していた。
English: Ogura-ike Pond was located between Heian-Kyo and Heijo-Kyo, playing a major role as a stop over of waterway traffic from ancient times to the middle ages.
Japanese: 平安京と平城京の間に位置しており、古代、中世を通じて、水上交通の中継地として大きな役割を果たした。
English: Geographical names such as Makishima-jo Castle and Mukaijima (Fushimi Ward) that remain today date back to the time when such places were once islands in the pond.
Japanese: 現在も残る槇島城や向島(伏見区)などの地名はそこが池に囲まれた島であったことに由来する。
English: The Uji-gawa River which used to directly flow into Ogura-ike Pond at the downstream from Uji-bashi Bridge was channeled towards the direction of Fushimi by installation of Makishima-zutsumi Dike.
Japanese: 宇治橋下流で巨椋池に直接流れ込んでいた宇治川を、槇島堤によって伏見に向かって導いた。
English: Consequently, the flow of water that used to directly run from the Uji-gawa River into Ogura-ike Pond was redirected to run into that pond at downstream from Fushimi only during floods.
Japanese: これによって、宇治川から巨椋池に直接流入する形から、洪水時にのみ伏見より下流で流入する形になった。
English: Dikes were built from Fushimi towards the direction of Noso (the present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) along the right bank of the Uji-gawa River to fix the flow path of the Uji-gawa River.
Japanese: 伏見から納所（現・京都市伏見区）に向けて宇治川の右岸に堤防を築き、宇治川の流路を定めた。
English: As a result, Yokooji-numa Pond (It was located in the expanse centered at the present Southern Kyoto Garbage and Sewage Plant in Yokooji, Fushimi Ward) was separated from the Uji-gawa River/Ogura-ike Pond.
Japanese: これによって、横大路沼（現在の伏見区横大路の京都市南清掃工場を中心とする一帯に位置した。）が宇治川・巨椋池と分離された。
English: Top of embankment turned into the road connecting Fushimi and Yodo-jo Castle (in the Edo period) and, in the Edo period, became a part of the 53 Stations of the Tokaido Road and the 57 Stations of the Tokaido Road connecting Otsu and Osaka without going through Kyoto.
Japanese: 堤上は伏見と淀城（江戸期）とを結ぶ道にもなり、江戸時代には京都を通らずに大津と大坂を結ぶ東海道五十三次東海道五十七次の一部となった。
English: Ogura-zutsumi Dike traveling down through Ogura-ike Pond as well as Bungo-bashi Bridge (the present Kangetsukyo Bridge) over the Uji-gawa River linking the Fushimi castle town and Mukaijima were built; consequently the distance between Fushimi and Nara was reduced through a route built on top of the embankment.
Japanese: 巨椋池の中を縦断する小倉堤を造り、伏見城下から向島に宇治川を渡る豊後橋（現在の観月橋）を架橋し、堤上を通り伏見と奈良の距離を縮める大和街道を造った。
English: In addition to the previous three dikes, Oike-zutsumi Dike and Nakaike-zutsumi Dike were built during this period and Ogura-ike Pond was divided into Oike Pond, Ninomaru-ike Pond, Ouchi-ike Pond and Nakauchi-ike Pond.
Japanese: この3つの堤のほか、大池堤、中池堤がこの時期に築かれ、巨椋池は、大池、二の丸池、大内池、中内池に分割された。
English: It was, therefore, commonly referred to as Oike Pond during the Edo period and the name Ogura-ike Pond came into widespread use in recent years.
Japanese: そのため、江戸時代には一般に大池（おおいけ）と呼ばれており、巨椋池という名が広く使われるようになったのは近代に入ってからである。
English: In 1868, the Kizu-gawa River dikes were washed out and, in cooperation with the Yodo clan, Kyoto Prefecture shifted the confluence where the Kizu-gawa River and the Uji-gawa River met downstream.
Japanese: 1868年（明治元年）に木津川の堤防が決壊したことで、京都府は淀藩との共同事業によって木津川の宇治川との合流点を下流側に付け替えた。
English: This modification resulted in reduced backflow from the Kizu-gawa River to Ogura-ike Pond during floods.
Japanese: これは木津川から巨椋池に向けての洪水時の逆流を少なくすることになった。
English: However, since frequent flood damages continued to occur after that point in time, work was carried out to shift the Uji-gawa River as a part of the Yodo-gawa River Improvement project completing in 1910.
Japanese: しかし、それからも洪水の被害がたびたび起こったことから、淀川改良工事の一環として宇治川の付け替えが行われ、1910年（明治43年）に完成した。
English: After this, Ogura-ike Pond (Oike) was only left with a link to the Uji-gawa River in the channel between Yodo and Imoarai.
Japanese: この工事によって巨椋池（大池）は、淀・一口（いもあらい）間の水路で宇治川とつながるのみとなった。
English: Consequently, it led to a situation where domestic sewage and agricultural runoff in the surrounding areas became backed up, contributing to various problems including reduced catches of fish due to the deteriorated water quality and outbreak of malaria.
Japanese: このため、周辺から流入する生活排水や農業排水の排出が滞ることになり、水質悪化による漁獲量の減少、マラリアの発生などの問題が生じた。
English: Additionally, the area has a large number of mosquitoes that emerge from spring through summer, making it impossible for residents to enjoy their evening meals without burning mosquito repellent to drive mosquitoes away.
Japanese: そして、春から夏にかけて、蚊が大量発生し、付近住民は蚊燻をたかなければ、夕食の箸を取ることさえ、できなかった。
English: Under these circumstances, residents lobbied and, as a project to increase the food production output, the first government-financed reclamation project came to be implemented.
Japanese: このような状況の中での地元の働きかけもあり、国の食糧増産事業として国営第1号の干拓事業が実施されることになった。
English: The government-run reclamation work was performed between 1933 and 1941 whereby Ogura-ike Pond was drained and was turned into farmland.
Japanese: 国営干拓事業は1933年（昭和8年）から1941年（昭和16年）にかけて行われ、巨椋池は干拓され農地になった。
English: Water from post drainage used to irrigate farm land was taken into consideration, with water drained using pumps and with landfills filled only to the degree that the bottom of the pond was filled with earth from Ogura-zutsumi Dike and islands dotting the pond.
Japanese: 干拓後の農地における用水利用を考慮し、池の底部を小倉堤や池に点在した島で埋めた程度で、ほとんどがポンプを用いた排水によって干拓された。
English: Prior to reclamation, Ogura-ike Pond was 4 km in width (east to west), 3 km in length (north to south), 16 km in circumference (with the surface area being approximately 800 ha) and the average depth was 90 cm.
Japanese: なお、干拓前の巨椋池は東西4km、南北3km、周囲約16km（水域面積約800ha）であり、平均水深は90cmであった。
English: As a result of reclamation, 634 ha of reclaimed farmland became available and, in conjunction with reclamation, a work to improve the existing 1,260 hectares of cultivated fields in the surrounding areas was carried out.
Japanese: 干拓によって、634haの干拓田ができ、あわせて周辺の1,260haの既存耕地の改良が行われた。
English: Subdivision of farmland in the drained land was based on Kintetsu Kyoto Line (then Nara Electric Railway) that is different from subdivision by Jorisei (system of land subdivision in ancient Japan) which remained in effect in the surrounding areas.
Japanese: 干拓地の農地は近鉄京都線（当時は奈良電気鉄道）を基準として区割りされたことから、周囲の条里制の区割りとは異なっている。
English: With this, a large area of land including the entire area of Ogura-ike Pond prior to reclamation was flooded causing a disaster in which Ogura-ike Pond was restored in the reclaimed land.
Japanese: これに伴って干拓前の巨椋池全域を含む広い範囲で浸水し、干拓地に巨椋池が「復活」する災害が起こった。
English: Taking this as an opportunity, Amagase Dam was constructed that was completed in 1964.
Japanese: これを契機に天ヶ瀬ダムが造られ、1964年（昭和39年）に完成した。
English: As a habitat to various plants and animals, Ogura-ike Pond has been providing a rich environment being beneficial to people.
Japanese: 巨椋池は多様な動植物の生息地として、豊かな環境を育み多くの人に恩恵を与えてきた。
English: Reed growing along the shore was used as material for roofs and blinds at Kyoto Imperial Palace as well as cover for making tencha (powdered green tea) and Gyokuro (refined green tea) with tea (Uji tea) which was the local specialty of the surrounding areas.
Japanese: 沿岸のヨシ（アシ）は、京都御所の屋根や簾として用いられ、また周辺地域特産の茶（宇治茶）で碾茶や玉露を作るための覆いとして用いられた。
English: There were native plants such as lotus, Chinese water chestnuts, Indian rice, and the picking and processing of such plants provided supplementary income for the area residents.
Japanese: ハス（蓮）、ヒシ、マコモなどが自生し、その採取と加工が周辺住民の副収入になっていた。
English: The carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) is native to Ogura-ike Pond which was designated as a natural monument for being 'Ogura-ike Pond, the locality of Aldrovanda vesiculosa' in 1921.
Japanese: 池には食虫植物であるムジナモが自生し、1921年（大正10年）に「巨椋池むじなも産地」として天然記念物に指定された。
English: With respect to plants named after Ogura-ike Pond, there are Najas oguraensis Miki (with its scientific name indicating the native of Ogura-ike Pond), Nuphar oguraense Miki and Myriophyllum oguraense Miki.
Japanese: 巨椋池にちなむ名前を持つ植物としては、オオトリゲモ（学名を巨椋池産とした）、オグラコウホネ、オグラノフサモがある。
English: Other than the shore of the pond, three districts including Higashi-imoarai-mura (the present Kumiyama-cho), Danjo-cho (the present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) and Ogura-mura (the present Uji City) had exclusive fishing rights in Ogura-ike Pond.
Japanese: 巨椋池の漁業は、東一口村（現・久御山町）、弾正町（現・京都市伏見区）、小倉村（現・宇治市）の3地域が、池の沿岸を除いて独占的な漁業の権利を有した。
English: With respect to fisheries, various fishing methods including Eri (in kanji, 'enter' at right and 'fish' radical at left) fishing (a fishing method leading fish into a stationary net to trap and catch fish), shitakiryo and netfishing were practiced.
Japanese: 漁業では、えり（魚偏に入）漁（魚を誘い込んで逃げ場をなくして捕獲する漁法）をはじめとして浸木漁、網漁などさまざまな漁法が用いられた。
English: Since Ogura-ike Pond assumed flood control function in the vicinity, approximately several thousand hectares of lakefront was flooded over a long period during a flood.
Japanese: 巨椋池は、その周辺の洪水調整機能を引き受けたため、洪水時には湖岸約数千haが長期に渡り浸水した。
English: Consequently, farming in the area was subject to floods whereby one could expect normal crops only once every three years.
Japanese: そのため、農業は三年に一度を平作とするほど洪水に左右されるものであった。
English: Large amounts of water is good for fishing but bad for rice production with water standing in paddy fields for a prolonged period of time; on the other hand, if there is a little water it is good for rice production but no good for fishing; as such, fishing and farming were at odds with each other.
Japanese: 漁業と農業は、水が多い時は漁業に都合がよいが田の水が長く引かず米の生産が悪く、逆に水が少なく米の生産が良好なときは漁が悪いという相克の関係にあった。
English: In ancient times, there was a poem about Ogura-ike Pond saying, 'I hear loud sound over the cove of Okura (Ogura-ike Pond) and it seems that a flock of geese are flying to rice paddies in Fushimi,' Volume 9, No. 1699, Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
Japanese: 古くは万葉集の巻9、1699において、「巨椋（おおくら）の入江響（とよ）むなり射部人（いめびと）の伏見が田居（たい）に雁渡るらし」と詠まれた。
English: A collection of notes entitled Oguraike-no-Hasu (Lotus in Ogura-ike Pond) written by Tetsuro WATSUJI, reminiscing the occasion when he was on board a lotus-viewing boat on Ogura-ike Pond in the summer of 1926 or 1927, described scenes of lotus-viewing at the time and was published in 1950.
Japanese: 和辻哲郎の「巨椋池の蓮」という手記は、大正末年か昭和初年の夏に巨椋池で蓮見船に乗った思い出をつづったもので、当時の観蓮の情景を描いており、1950年（昭和25年）に発表された。
English: Taking root in this note on lotus-viewing, preservation of the lotus species in Ogura-ike Pond and the lotus-viewing event are continued by volunteers who have been growing lotus from lotus seeds of bygone days in their homes.
Japanese: この観蓮記が発端となり、往時の種子などをもとに自宅で蓮を育ててきた篤志者により、現在も巨椋池花蓮品種の保存や観蓮会が行われている。
English: Today, the reclaimed land continues to play a role as a major agricultural area within proximity of Kyoto and Osaka where various crops including rice and vegetables are being produced.
Japanese: 干拓地は現在も京都、大阪に近接した一大農業地帯として、米や野菜などが生産されている。
English: Additionally, Gennai, the construction site of Uji-gawa River Dike on the north side of the reclaimed land, is home for one of the greatest reed vegetation in western Japan and is also valuable in terms of plant life.
Japanese: また、干拓地の北側にある宇治川堤防堤防の構造地の源内は、西日本では有数のヨシ群落であり植生の面でも貴重である。
English: It is considered to be one of the largest roosting sites of swallows in Japan where several tens of thousands of swallows can be seen during the peak period in August through September.
Japanese: ここは日本有数のツバメのねぐらといわれ、8～9月に掛けての最盛期には数万羽のツバメをみることができる。
English: In recent years, in addition to the conventional National Route 1 and the National Route 24, the Second Keihan Highway runs from north to south, whereas, Keiji By-Pass runs from east to west and, hence, it can be said that Ogura-ike Pond plays a key role in modern transportation.
Japanese: 近年では南北方向には従来の国道1号や国道24号に加えて第二京阪道路、東西方向には京滋バイパスが通っており、現在の新たな交通の要衝であるといえる。
English: The interchange of the Second Keihan Highway situated within the reclaimed land of Ogura-ike Pond is named the Oguraike Interchange.
Japanese: 巨椋池干拓地内に位置する第二京阪道路のインターチェンジには、「巨椋池インターチェンジ」という名前が付けられている。
English: Higechaya-oiwake was a point in the Yamashina Basin, where Otsukaido Road diverges from Tokaido (it was also called Yamashina-oiwake).
Japanese: 髭茶屋追分（ひげちゃやおいわけ）は山科盆地内にある、東海道と大津街道の分岐点（山科追分とも）。
English: When referring to Tokaido Gojusan-tsugi (Fifty-Three Stages in Tokaido Road), Tokaido does not head towards Sanjo Ohashi Bridge from Otsu-juku Station, but turns southwestward, and headed to Fushimi-juku Station (Kyo Kaido Road).
Japanese: 東海道五十三次という場合、大津宿からは三条大橋には向かわず、ここで南西に折れ、伏見宿(京街道)に向かう。
English: Kayabuki no sato Kitamura is a village located in Miyama-cho Kita, Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture (formerly Miyama-cho, Kita-Kuwada-gun).
Japanese: かやぶきの里・北村は、京都府南丹市美山町北（旧北桑田郡美山町(京都府)）にある集落のこと。
English: Geographically, this area belonged to Tanba Province and it is said that since the manorial system people lived here earning their livelihood by logging and hunting.
Japanese: このあたりは地理的には丹波国に属し、荘園制度があった頃から、このあたりに人が住み着いて山稼ぎをして生計を立てていたという。
English: The road running through this community was identified as what was known as one of Saba-kaido Roads situated midway between Kyoto and Wakasa Province where many travelers were seen coming and going.
Japanese: この集落の中を貫く街道は、いわゆる鯖街道の一つとされ、京都と若狭国の中間地であり、多くの旅人が行き来していた。
English: It is said that, due to the reason as mentioned above, the architecture and lifestyle of this village were influenced by those of various regions.
Japanese: そういった背景から、この集落の建築や生活様式はいろいろな地方の影響を受けたといわれる。
English: In 1993, this entire village was designated as a Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
Japanese: 1993年（平成5年）、この集落全体が、文化庁の「重要伝統的建造物群保存地区」に選定された。
English: Within this district, they organized the 'Kayabuki-no-sato Preservation Society' and made an in-depth study on various issues to strike a balance between preserving the historic area and lifestyle of residents.
Japanese: 地区では「かやぶきの里保存会」を組織し、歴史的景観の保全と住民の生活を両立すべく、さまざまな検討を重ねた。
English: The area residents, consequently, invested in founding Kayabuki-no-sato, Inc. whereby they began to systematically maintain and operate buildings as tourist facilities.
Japanese: その結果、住民が出資し、「有限会社かやぶきの里」を設立し、建造物の維持管理および観光施設としての運営を組織的におこなうようになった。
English: Many of the existing thatched-roofed houses were built between the mid and late-Edo period that are classified as the 'Kitayama-style houses,' characterized by the shape of roof reminding one of houses in folk tales.
Japanese: 現存している茅葺き屋根の家屋の多くが江戸時代中頃から末期にかけて建てられたものであり、昔話に出てくる民家を思わせる屋根形状が特徴である「北山型民家」に分類される。
English: There are a restaurant and souvenir shop on the outskirts of the village that are operated by Kayabuki-no-sato, Inc.
Japanese: 集落の外れに食堂と土産物屋があるが、それらは(有)かやぶきの里が運営している。
English: At one point, it was feared that thatched-roof workers might become extinct with no successors around but several residents of the village became thatched-roof craftsmen in recent year.
Japanese: 一時、茅葺き職人の後継者がいなくなりそうだったが、近年、住民の中から職人が誕生した。
English: Each ladder pipe nozzle is usually stored in a box in the shape of a hut but, when in use, the roof of that hut (the storage box) will be opened by a hydraulic cylinder (presumably by remote control operation) to release the ladder pipe nozzle.
Japanese: 普段は小屋の形をした収納箱の中に収納されているが、使用時は（おそらく遠隔操作により）液圧シリンダーにより小屋の屋根が開き、放水銃が迫り出すようになっている。
English: Rokujo-gawara was used as an execution ground and located on the riverside of Kamogawa river (Yodogawa river system) running in Kyoto City.
Japanese: 六条河原（ろくじょうがわら）は、京都市内を流れる鴨川(淀川水系)の河原に存在した刑場。
English: Famous busho (Japanese military commanders) and politicians who met their end here included MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi and TAIRA no Tadamasa in the Hogen War, MINAMOTO no Yoshihira and FUJIWARA no Nobuyori in the Heiji War, TAIRA no Yoshimune in the Genpei War, Toshimitsu SAITO in the Honnoji Incident, Mitsunari ISHIDA, Yukinaga KONISHI and Ekei ANKOKUJI in the Battle of Sekigahara, and the remnants from the Osaka (Toyotomi) side including Morichika CHOSOKABE, Hidenori SENGOKU and Kunimatsu TOYOTOMI in the Siege of Osaka.
Japanese: 保元の乱における源為義・平忠正、平治の乱における源義平・藤原信頼、源平合戦では平能宗、本能寺の変における斎藤利三、関ヶ原の戦いにおける石田三成・小西行長・安国寺恵瓊、大坂の役における長宗我部盛親・仙石秀範・豊臣国松らをはじめとする大阪方の残党など、著名な武将や政治家がここで最期の時を迎えている。
English: After TAIRA no Munemori, and his son, TAIRA no Kiyomune, were executed in Omi Province, the severed heads were exposed for public display at Rokujo-gawara.
Japanese: なお、平宗盛・平清宗親子は近江国で処刑された後、六条河原で首を晒されている。
English: Midoroga-ike Pond (also called Mizoroga-ike Pond) is a pond located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 深泥池（みどろがいけ、みぞろがいけ）は、京都府京都市左京区にある池である。
English: The circumference and area of Midoroga-ike Pond are approximately 1.5 km and 9 hectares, respectively, with a floating island present at its center.
Japanese: 周囲はおよそ1.5キロメートル、面積はおよそ9ヘクタールで、中央には浮島が存在している。
English: Living things that are presumably survivors from the Ice Age and those that make the warm-temperature region their habitat coexist here, making Midoroga-ike Pond a pond of scientific value.
Japanese: 氷河期からの生き残りとされる生物と温暖地に生息する生物が共存しており、学術的にも貴重な池である。
English: On June 14, 1927, the plant community in this pond was designated as a protected species referred to as the 'Midoroga-ike aquiherbosa' and, subsequently, in 1988, the scope of this designation was expanded to include all of living matter in the pond, referred to as the 'Midoroga-ike biological community.'
Japanese: 1927年（昭和2年）6月14日に、植物群落が「深泥池水生植物群」として国の天然記念物に指定され、その後1988年（昭和63年）に「深泥池生物群集」として生物群集全体に対象が広げられている。
English: It is also posted as 'Requires continued conservation' in the Red Data Book of Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: また、京都府レッドデータブックには「要継続保護」として掲載されている。
English: Various plants including those normally found in cold climates such as buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) and rannoch-rush (Scheuchzeria palustris), those that are grown wild in various regions such as water shields, carnivorous plants such as Utricularia japonica and roundleaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), and constituents of high moors such as Moliniopsis japonica (Hack.) Hayata and イヌノハナゴケ are coexisting in Midoroga-ike Pond.
Japanese: ミツガシワやホロムイソウのような寒冷地に分布する植物や、ジュンサイのような各地に自生するような植物、タヌキモやモウセンゴケのような食虫植物、ヌマガヤやイヌノハナゴケといった高層湿原の構成種など、様々な植物が共存している。
English: Additionally, freshwater creatures including fish belonging to the Rhinogobius family and Lake Prawns (Palaemon paucidens) as well as turtles such as Kusagame (Chinemys reevesii) and Nihonishigame (Mauremys japonica) have made this pond their habitat.
Japanese: また、ヨシノボリやスジエビ、クサガメ、ニホンイシガメなども生息している。
English: Further, it is said that some 50 species out of approximately 200 species of dragonflies found in Japan live around Midoroga-ike Pond.
Japanese: この他、日本に分布する約200種トンボのうち、約50種が生息しているという。
English: It is where water spiders were sighted for the first time in Japan in 1930, being one of their very few habitats in Honshu and the south.
Japanese: 1930年に日本で初めてミズグモが発見された場所であり、本州以南で数少ない生息地の一つである。
English: Foreign species of plants such as grassy arrowhead (Sagittaria graminea) and yellow flags (iris pseudacorus) and freshwater creatures such as bluegills, largemouth bass, alligator snapping turtles and red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta) are viewed as problematic.
Japanese: ナガバオモダカ、キショウブなどの植物や、ブルーギルやオオクチバス、ワニガメ、アカミミガメなどの外来種が問題視されている。
English: It is considered that, since these foreign species have high productive ability, they are negatively affecting the eco-system in that area and, in fact, some of the native species such as killifish and field gudgeon have disappeared due to the changes in predation in the environment.
Japanese: これらは繁殖力が強く、生態系に悪影響を与えているとされ、事実、メダカやタモロコなど、いくつかの在来種が補食関係の変化により姿を消している。
English: Additionally, water shields were removed to clear the way for lure fishermen and at one point became fairly rare.
Japanese: また、ジュンサイがルアーフィッシングの妨げになるため刈り取られるなどされ、あまり見かけなくなってしまった時期もある。
English: Local residents and researchers, consequently, are performing studies on native species and exterminating foreign species on a regular basis.
Japanese: このため、定期的に地元の人や研究者によって在来種の調査や、外来種の駆除を行っている。
English: The road running on the west side of the pond is only wide enough for 1.5 or 2 car lanes but is well-traveled.
Japanese: 池の西側を走る道路の幅は1.5車線～2車線程度と狭い割に交通量が多い。
English: Midoroga-ike Pond is particularly well known as a backdrop for ghost stories and unnatural phenomenon, with various stories having been told about this pond since ancient times to today.
Japanese: 怪談や怪奇現象の舞台としても殊に著名で、古来より現代に至るまで、様々な話が伝えられている。
English: Nishitakase-gawa River is a class A river in the Yodo-gawa River system running in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 西高瀬川（にしたかせがわ）は、京都府京都市を流れる淀川水系の一級河川。
English: The Nishitakase-gawa River takes the water from the Katsura-gawa River in Saga Tenryu-ji Suminokura-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City (several hundred meters to the east of Togetsu-kyo Bridge) and flows to the Kamo-gawa River (of the Yodo-gawa River system) in Kamimukaijima-cho, Shimotoba, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 京都市右京区嵯峨天竜寺角倉町(渡月橋の東、数百メートル)の桂川から取水し、京都市伏見区下鳥羽上向島町で鴨川(淀川水系)に注ぐ。
English: After being diverted, the Nishitakase-gawa River runs eastwards crisscrossing the Arisu-gawa River and the Tenjin-gawa River (Kyoto City) along the way and changes its direction southwards in Mibu Amagaike-cho Nakagyo Ward.
Japanese: 分流後、途中で有栖川や天神川(京都市)と交差する形で東に流れ、中京区壬生天池町で南に向きを変える。
English: After continuing to flow southwards, it turns west in Mibu Takahi-cho, Nakagyo Ward and then runs southwards in Mibu Morimae-cho, Nakagyo Ward.
Japanese: そのまま南に流れた後、中京区壬生高樋町で西に転じ、中京区壬生森前町でさらに南向きに流れる。