nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: According to Soen SHUN'OKU, who studied under the same master as Sochin, it was Soto DAIRIN who came up with the name of Rikyu (according to "Ichimokuko").
Japanese: 宗陳の兄弟弟子であった春屋宗園によれば大林宗套が考案者だったという（『一黙稿』）。
English: However, Soto had already died 17 years before the Kinchu tea ceremony was held, so if he had something to do with giving Rikyu the name, it would be "Rikyu Soeki" that Soto gave to Rikyu, and Rikyu only used the first name "Soeki" when he was young, and later on may have used the last name "Rikyu" on occasions when he entered the imperial palace.
Japanese: しかし宗套は禁中茶会の17年前に示寂しており、彼が関わったとすれば利休が宗套から与えられたのは「利休宗易」の名であり、若年時は諱の「宗易」を使用し、後に宮中参内に際して字の「利休」を居士号としたと考えるのが自然であろう。
English: Then it is understandable that a portrait of Rikyu (preserved in Masaki Art Museum) made in 1583, two years before Kinchu tea ceremony, has a word of praise: "Rikyu Soeki Zenjin."
Japanese: こう考えれば宮中参内の2年前、1583年に描かれた肖像画(正木美術館蔵）の古渓宗陳による讃に「利休宗易禅人」とあることも理解できる。
English: Many people thought that the designation meant "glory has already been fading, " but now it is considered to mean "never be contented with your talent, and seek your way like an old awl with the point worn smooth."
Japanese: 号の由来は「名利、既に休す」の意味とする場合が多いが、現在では「利心、休せよ」（才能におぼれずに「老古錐（使い古して先の丸くなった錐）」の境地を目指せ）と考えられている。
English: There is another presumption that the name came from Lu Yu, who is considered to be the author of "The Classic of Tea."
Japanese: なお『茶経』の作者とされる陸羽にちなんだものだという説も一部にあるようである。
English: Anyway, he used the name of "Rikyu" only in his later years, and most of his lifetime as a tea master he called himself "Soeki".
Japanese: いずれにせよ「利休」の名はその人生の終焉での名乗りであり、茶人としての人生のほとんどは「宗易」として送っている。
English: Rikyu began his study of tea ceremony at an early age, and became a disciple of Dochin KITAMUKI at 17, and then studied under Joo TAKENO, trying to reform a traditional style of the tea ceremony with his master.
Japanese: 若年より茶道に親しみ、17歳で北向道陳、ついで武野紹鴎に師事し、師とともに茶の湯の改革に取り組んだ。
English: He underwent Zen training at the Nanshu-ji Temple, and also visited the Daitoku-ji Temple frequently, which was its head temple, and located in Murasakino, a suburb of Kyoto.
Japanese: 堺の南宗寺に参禅し、その本山である京都郊外紫野の大徳寺とも親しく交わった。
English: While Nobunaga ODA was ruling Sakai, Rikyu served Nobunaga as Saju (person who is in charge of the tea ceremony) and later on served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: 織田信長が堺を直轄地としたときに茶頭として雇われ、のち豊臣秀吉に仕えた。
English: In October, 1585, Rikyu served in the Kinchu tea ceremony for Emperor Ogimachi hosted by Hideyoshi, and received the Buddhist name "Rikyu" from the emperor.
Japanese: 1585年10月の秀吉の正親町天皇への禁中献茶に奉仕し、このとき宮中参内するため居士号「利休」を勅賜される。
English: While he designed a golden tea room, he was bringing wabi-Cha to perfection, inventing Soan teahouse, making Raku tea bowl and beginning to use Hanaire (flower vase for tea ceremony).
Japanese: また黄金の茶室の設計などを行う一方、草庵茶室の創出・楽茶碗の製作・竹の花入の使用をはじめるなど、わび茶の完成へと向かっていく。
English: As Rikyu's reputation as a tea master culminated, he took up residence in the Juraku-jo Castle owned by Hideyoshi, got involved in designing a garden in the castle, and received a fief of 3000 koku.
Japanese: 秀吉の聚楽城内に屋敷を構え聚楽第の築庭にも関わり、碌も三千石を賜わるなど、茶人としての名声の絶頂にあった。
English: Toshiie MAEDA and some of Rikyu's top seven disciples, such as Shigeteru (Shigenari) FURUTA and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, tried in vain to save his life, and Rikyu was called back to Kyoto to be sentenced to die (harakiri) at the residence of Juraku.
Japanese: 前田利家や、利休七哲のうち古田重然、細川忠興ら大名である弟子たちが奔走したが助命は適わず、京都に呼び戻された利休は聚楽屋敷内で切腹を命じられる。
English: It is said that when Rikyu killed himself, Hideyoshi's army enclosed the residence for fear of being resisted by Rikyu's disciples.
Japanese: 切腹に際しては、弟子の大名たちが利休奪還を図る恐れがあることから、秀吉の軍勢が屋敷を取り囲んだと伝えられる。
English: His head was also displayed under the foot of the wooden statue that was said to be one of the reasons of his death, at the main gate of the Daitoku-ji Temple.
Japanese: 首は賜死の一因ともされる大徳寺山門上の木像に踏ませる形でさらされたという。
English: Seventy years of life,Ha, ha! And what a fuss!With this treasured sword of mine,I kill both patriarchs and Buddha!I carried the sword, which I owned so long,The time has come at last,I throw the sword up to the sky.
Japanese: 人生七十　力囲希咄　吾這寶剣　祖佛共殺　堤る我得具足の一太刀　今此時ぞ天に抛
English: The reason why Hideyoshi sentenced Rikyu to die isn't clear, but there are some views about it. When the gate of Daitoku-ji Temple (Kimokaku) was renovated, Rikyu placed a wooden statue of himself shod in straw sandals on top of the gate; passing under the statue was humiliating for Hideyoshi.
Japanese: 死罪の理由は定かではなく、大徳寺山門（金毛閣）改修に当たって増上慢があったため（自身の雪駄履きの木像を楼門の二階に設置し、その下を秀吉に通らせた）。
English: Rikyu under suspicion of profiting by selling cheap tea utensils at high prices.
Japanese: 安価の茶器類を高額で売り私腹を肥やした（売僧（まいす）の行い）疑いを持たれた。
English: It is also said that Hideyoshi wanted Rikyu's daughter for his mistress, but Rikyu rejected his offer saying, "I don't want to be taken as a man who has succeeded in life because of his own daughter," so Hideyoshi hated Rikyu deeply.
Japanese: 秀吉が利休の娘を妾にと望んだが、利休は「娘のおかげで出世していると思われたくない」と拒否し、秀吉はその事を深く恨んでいた。
English: Also, some people say that Rikyu got involved in the political conflict around the instability of the TOYOTOMI administration after the death of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI.
Japanese: また、豊臣秀長死後の豊臣政権内の不安定さから来る政治闘争に巻き込まれたため、という説もある。
English: It is recorded that when Yoshishige OTOMO visited the Osaka-jo Castle, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI said to him, "I will take care of all the official business, and Soeki (Rikyu) will handle all personal matters," which suggested how deeply Rikyu was involved in the politics in the TOYOTOMI administration, therefore it is clear that there were some groups against Rikyu wanting him to lose his position.
Japanese: 利休が秀吉の政事に大きく関わったことは、大友義鎮が大坂城を訪れた際、豊臣秀長から「公儀のことは私に、内々のことは宗易に」と耳打ちされたことなどからも伺え、そのように利休が深く政務に関わることに反発し利休の失脚を望む勢力は確かに存在したと言われる。
English: The well known successors to Rikyu were SEN no Doan and SEN no Shoan; the former was a son of Rikyu's first wife Myoju HOSHIN, and the latter was a son between Rikyu's second wife SEN no Soon and her previous husband, and Shoan was also known as a husband of Rikyu's daughter. In addition to them, these two people were also Rikyu's successors: Soan MOZUYA, husband of Rikyu's daughter, and SEN no Shoji.
Japanese: 後継者としては先妻宝心妙樹の子である嫡男千道安と、後妻千宗恩の連れ子で娘婿でもある千少庵が有名であるが、この他に娘婿の万代屋宗安、千紹二の名前が挙げられる。
English: However, Doan and Shoan were forced to seclude themselves at the death of Rikyu, and the SEN family went into decline for a while.
Japanese: ただし道安と少庵は利休死罪とともに蟄居し、千家は一時取り潰しの状態であった。
English: Incidentally, Rikyu's second wife Soon was a good assistant and understood him very well, being familiar with the tea ceremony and changing the shape of Fukusa (napkin) into what it is today.
Japanese: なお宗恩は袱紗を現在の形に定めるなど、自身茶の湯に精通し、利休のよい補佐役、理解者であったといわれる。
English: It was Oribe FURUTA who succeeded Rikyu as a tea master of the TOYOTOMI clan, but other daimyo tea persons like Nagamasu ODA and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA inherited the concept of wabi-cha.
Japanese: 豊臣家の茶頭としての後継は古田織部であったが、そのほかにも織田長益、細川忠興ら多くの大名茶人がわび茶の道統を嗣いだ。
English: A few years after Rikyu's death, Doan and Shoan were pardoned with the help of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Toshiie MAEDA, and Doan succeeded as head of the Sakai-Senke family, but the family died out soon.
Japanese: 利休死後数年を経て（文禄4年頃）徳川家康や前田利家の取りなしにより道安と少庵は赦免され、道安が堺の本家堺千家の家督を継いだが、早くに断絶した。
English: Therefore only the branch families of Kyo-Senke called the three SEN families survive today.
Japanese: このため少庵の興した分家である京千家の系統（三千家）のみが現在に伝わる。
English: The three SEN families are the lineage of Shoan, adopted son of Rikyu, and Shoan's son SEN no Sotan, who had served the Daitoku-ji Temple as Kasshiki but returned to secular life and reestablished the SEN family, setting up his residence in front of Honpo-ji Temple in Kyoto, which belongs to the Omotesenke and Urasenke now.
Japanese: 三千家は利休の養子となった宗恩の連れ子千少庵の系譜であり、大徳寺の渇食であったその息子千宗旦が還俗して家を再興し、現在の表千家・裏千家の地所である京都の本法寺前に屋敷を構えた。
English: Around this time, Hideyoshi gave him 3 long chests from the elegant collection left by Rikyu (according to a book of "Shigetsushu").
Japanese: このとき宗旦は、秀吉から利休遺品の数寄道具長櫃3棹を賜ったという（指月集）。
English: Sotan's second son Soshu, third son Sosa and fourth son Soshitsu each established new branch schools, which became today's Mushakojisenke Kankyuan, Omotesenke Fushin'an and Urasenke Konnichian, respectively.
Japanese: その次男宗守・三男宗左・四男宗室がそれぞれ独立して流派が分かれ、武者小路千家官休庵・表千家不審庵・裏千家今日庵となっている。
English: The Rikyu-ki (memorial ceremony of the death day of Rikyu) is held at the Daitoku-ji Temple on March 27th and 28th (according to the Gregorian calendar).
Japanese: 利休忌はグレゴリオ暦の3月27日および3月28日に大徳寺で行われる。
English: As the one who perfected "wabi-cha," Rikyu is described in an exaggerated way in historical materials like "Nanboroku."
Japanese: 「わび茶」の完成者としての利休像は、『南方録』を初めとして後世の資料によって大きく演出されてきたものである。
English: "Namboroku", a forged text, says that a poem created by FUJIWARA no Ietaka was included in "Shin Kokin Wakashu" (there is no poem like this in the collection though) and it describes well the essence of Rikyu's tea ceremony, which denied superficial decoration and pursued substantial beauty. The poem goes like this: to the people who consider only flowers beautiful, I would like to show the grass in the snow which brings the spring.
Japanese: 偽書である『南方録』では、新古今和歌集（実際は新古今和歌集には見当たらない）の藤原家隆の歌「花をのみ　まつらん人に　やまざとの　ゆきまの草の　春をみせばや」を利休の茶の心髄としており、表面的な華やかさを否定した質実な美として描かれている。
English: However these historical materials focus on the spiritual aspect of Rikyu's tea ceremony too much, obscuring its true meaning.
Japanese: しかしこれらの資料では精神論が強調されすぎており、かえって利休の茶の湯を不明確なものとする結果を招いてきた。
English: The best clue to know the tea ceremony of Rikyu's time is "Yamanoue Soji Ki" (record of Soji YAMANOUE) written by Soji YAMANOUE, who was Rikyu's leading disciple.
Japanese: 同時代の茶の湯を知るには、利休の高弟である山上宗二による「山上宗二記」が第1級の資料とされている。
English: According to that record, Rikyu inherited the traditional style of tea ceremony until he was 60, and began to establish his own style after 61 (when the incident at Honno-ji Temple occurred).
Japanese: この書によると、利休は60歳までは先人の茶を踏襲し61歳から（つまり本能寺の変の年から）ようやく独自の茶の湯を始めたという。
English: The fundamental point of Rikyu's tea was to deny the importance placed on meibutsu (famous works of art and craft), and it could be called a kind of asceticism.
Japanese: 利休の茶の湯の重要な点は、名物を尊ぶ既成の価値観を否定したところにあり、一面では禁欲主義ともいえる。
English: Instead of meibutsu, Rikyu invented implements for tea ceremony such as Mozuya-gama (kettle) and Raku tea bowl, a characteristic of which was lack of decoration in shape.
Japanese: その代わりとして創作されたのが楽茶碗や万代屋釜に代表される利休道具であり、造形的には装飾性の否定を特徴としている。
English: In contrast to Karamono (Chinese utensils) including meibutsu, it is important that these implements not be too expensive.
Japanese: 名物を含めた唐物などに較べ、このような利休道具は決して高価なものではなかった点は重要である。
English: Until then the smallest teahouse had a space of 4 and a half tatami mats, but Rikyu made it smaller reducing the number of mats to 3 or even 2, which was only common among the townsmen at that time, invented Nijiri-guchi (a small entrance to the teahouse), Shitaji window, a mud wall and an alcove 120 to 150cm in width.
Japanese: それまでは4畳半を最小としていた茶室に、庶民の間でしか行われていなかった3畳、2畳の茶室を採りいれ、躙り口（潜り）や下地窓、土壁、五（四）尺床などを工夫した。
English: Before Rikyu, lighting of the teahouse came through 2 or 4 sliding doors at the veranda and it was "one-way lighting," but Rikyu enclosed the teahouse with a mud wall first and then made a window anywhere it was necessary. (invention of the art of "enclosure").
Japanese: 師の紹鷗まで茶室の採光は縁側に設けられた2枚引きあるいは4枚引きの障子による「一方光線」により行われていたが、利休は茶室を一旦土壁で囲いそこに必要に応じて窓を開けるという手法を取った（「囲い」の誕生）。
English: This made it possible to handle the lighting in the teahouse freely, so they could make some parts bright or dark as they like.
Japanese: このことにより茶室内の光を自在に操り必要な場所を必要なだけ照らし、逆に暗くしたい場所は暗いままにするということが可能になった。
English: He made rapid changes in freedom of teahouse design, and the possible variations became infinite.
Japanese: 設計の自由度は飛躍的に増し、小間の空間は無限ともいえるバリエーションを獲得することとなった。
English: Rationality and freedom in design of Rikyu's teahouses could be called almost modern, and have a great influence not only on the Sukiya style architecture but also on the general Japanese architecture up until today.
Japanese: 利休の茶室に見られる近代的とも言える合理性と自由さは、単に数奇屋建築にとどまらず、現代に至るまで日本の建築に大きな影響を及ぼしてきた。
English: It had been a mere passage before Rikyu, but he transformed it into a space for tea, a space for entertainment in its own right.
Japanese: それまでは単なる通路に過ぎなかった空間を、積極的な茶の空間、もてなしの空間とした。
English: This brought the tea ceremony to perfection as an "integrated art," which lasts only for the short time of one's visit, drinking tea and leaving. The concept of fulfilled time in the tea ceremony is expressed by "Ichi-go ichi-e" (one chance in a lifetime).
Japanese: このことにより、茶の湯は初めて、客として訪れ共に茶を喫して退出するまでの全てを「一期一会」の充実した時間とする「総合芸術」として完成されたと言えるだろう。
English: Today there are many things that have the name of Rikyu such as Rikyu-bashi (chopsticks), Rikyu-nezumi (gray color), Rikyu-yaki (grilled fish or meat with sesame) and Rikyu-dana (shelf), which suggest that Rikyu contributed not only to a tea ceremony but also to the Japanese tradition.
Japanese: 「利休箸」「利休鼠」「利休焼」「利休棚」など、多くの物に利休の名が残っており、茶道のみならず日本の伝統に大きな足跡を刻んでいるといえるだろう。
English: There is a place that is said to have been the site of Rikyu's teahouse at Shukuin, Sakai city, Osaka, and is preserved by the city as a historical site.
Japanese: 大阪府堺市宿院には利休の茶室跡と伝えられる場所があり、市の史跡として保護されている。
English: A monument to Rikyu's residence was erected in Seimei-jinja Shrine in Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, and it is also said that Rikyu had residences called "Mozuno Yashiki" at Mozuno in Sakai city, "Daibutsu Yashiki" in front of Higashiyama Daibutsu, "Daitoku-ji Yashiki" in front of the main gate of the Daitoku-ji Temple and "Yamazaki Yashiki" at Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Osaka.
Japanese: 京都市上京区の晴明神社内に利休屋敷跡の碑が建つほか、堺の百舌鳥野に「もずの屋敷」、京都五条堀川辺りに「醒ヶ井屋敷」、同じく東山大仏前に「大仏屋敷」、大徳寺門前に「大徳寺屋敷」、大阪府島本町山崎に「山崎屋敷」を構えていたと伝えられる。
English: There is still a Japanese confection called "Rikyu manju" all over the country of Japan.
Japanese: 現在でも「利休饅頭（同種の菓子に利久饅頭の別名もあり）」というお茶受けのお菓子が各地にある。
English: He instructed craftsmen like the RAKU family, having them make implements for the tea ceremony, and he also designed a teahouse and created utensils such as Hanaire (flower vase for tea ceremony) and a tea scoop.
Japanese: 楽（らく）をはじめとする職人を指導して好みの道具を作らせるとともに、みずからも茶室の設計、花入・茶杓の製作など道具の製作にも熱心であった。
English: Rikyu simplified the process of the tea ceremony which was still complicated at the time of Joo, and produced wabi-cha utensils and gained lots of supporters and successors. That is why people call Rikyu the tea master who perfected wabi-cha.
Japanese: 紹鴎の時代にあってもまだ煩雑であった茶会の形式をさらに簡略化するとともに、侘び道具を製作・プロデュースして、多くの支持者・後継者に恵まれたことが、利休を侘び茶の完成者と言わしめる由縁である。
English: Letters written by Rikyu: "Musashi Abumi no Sho" (a letter to Oribe), "a letter to Kanbei SUEYOSHI", "a letter to Matsui Sadonokami", and so on.
Japanese: 書状「武蔵あぶみの書（織部あて）」「末吉勘兵衛宛書状」「松井佐渡守宛書状」など
English: Cast: Rentaro MIKUNI, Yoshiko MITA, Koshiro MATSUMOTO (IX), Kichiemon NAKAMURA (II), Ryo TAMURA (actor), and others.
Japanese: 出演：三國連太郎、三田佳子、松本幸四郎(9代目)、中村吉右衛門(2代目)、田村亮(俳優)ほか
English: Nagamasu ODA was a daimyo and master of the tea ceremony from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period.
Japanese: 織田長益（おだながます）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代初期の大名・茶人。
English: From the title Urakusaijoan, he was later known as Uraku or Urakusai.
Japanese: 有楽斎如庵（うらくさいじょあん、有樂齋如庵）と号し、後世では有楽、又は有楽齋と称される。
English: He also restored Shoden-in Temple at Kennin-ji Temple in Kyoto; and the tea room that he built there, Joan Temple, has been designated a National Treasure.
Japanese: また、京都建仁寺の正伝院を再興し、ここに立てた茶室如庵は現在、国宝に指定されている。
English: Although Nagamasu was one of Nobunaga's brothers, there was a large difference in age; and little is known about the first half of his life.
Japanese: 長益は信長の実弟の一人であるが、信長とは相当年齢が離れており、前半生の事歴はあまりわかっていない。
English: From the 1570s he was under the command of Nobunaga ODA's eldest son Nobutada ODA, and was with Nobutada at Nijo Castle at the time of the Incident at Honno-ji in 1582.
Japanese: 1570年代頃から織田信長の長男織田信忠の旗下にあり、天正10年（1582年）の本能寺の変の際は、信忠とともに二条城にあった。
English: The people of Kyoto made fun of this episode, saying, "Gengo ODA is not a man. He just fills his belly and runs to Azuchi. On the 2nd of January there came a flood, and washed away the name of Oda."
Japanese: この時のことを、京都の民衆たちには「織田の源五は人ではないよお腹召せ召せ召させておいてわれは安土へ逃げるは源五むつき二日に大水出ておた（織田）の原なる名を流す」と皮肉られている。
English: After the Incident he served his nephew, Nobukatsu ODA, and helped with negotiating peace between Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI at the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.
Japanese: 変後は甥である織田信雄に仕え、小牧・長久手の戦いでは徳川家康と豊臣秀吉の講和に際して折衝役を務めたという。
English: In 1590 after Nobukatsu was dismissed, as an otogishu to Hideyoshi he received 2000 koku in Mashita, in the Shimashimo District of Settsu Province (present day Settsu City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 天正18年（1590年）の信雄改易後は、秀吉の御伽衆として摂津国嶋下郡味舌（現大阪府摂津市）2000石を領した。
English: For such distinguished service as capturing Yorisato GAMO, a vassal to Mitsunari ISHIDA, he was awarded 30,000 koku in Yamato Province after the war.
Japanese: 石田三成家臣の蒲生頼郷を討ち取るなどの戦功を挙げ、戦後大和国内で3万石を与えられた。
English: Now the graves of Nagamasu and his wife, and their grandson Nagayoshi ODA, are at Shodeneigen-in (the name was changed in the Meiji period).
Japanese: 現在、正伝永源院（明治期、名称を変更）には長益夫妻、孫織田長好らの墓がある。
English: There are also portraits of Nagamasu and his wife, their granddaughter (a daughter of their 2nd son, Yorinaga), and his older brother Nobukane ODA.
Japanese: また、長益夫妻、孫娘（次男頼長の娘）、兄織田信包らの肖像画も伝わっている。
English: Joan Tea-Ceremony Room (currently relocated to Urakuen in the Meitetsu Inuyama Hotel in Inuyama City, Aichi Prefecture)
Japanese: 茶室如庵（現在は愛知県犬山市名鉄犬山ホテル内の有楽苑（うらくえん）に移築されている）
English: Being in Osaka Castle during the Siege of Osaka, he had a central role in supporting the Toyotomi household, along with Harunaga ONO et alia.
Japanese: 大坂の役の際にも大坂城にあり、大野治長らとともに豊臣家を支える中心的な役割を担った。
English: In August of 1615 he parceled out 10,000 koku each to his 4th son Nagamasa and his 5th son Naonaga, and kept 10,000 koku for his own retirement.
Japanese: 元和(日本)元年（1615年）8月、四男長政、五男尚長にそれぞれ1万石を分け与え、長益本人は隠居料として1万石を手元に残した。
English: He had 6 sons and 3 daughters that can be confirmed, including: eldest son Nagataka ODA; 2nd son Yorinaga ODA (a legitimate son); 3rd son Toshinaga ODA; 4th son Nagamasa ODA (a daimyo); 5th son Naonaga ODA; and 6th son Yuukan (a monk).
Japanese: 子女には長男織田長孝・次男織田頼長（嫡子）・三男織田俊長・四男織田長政(大名)・五男織田尚長・六男宥諌（僧侶）ら六男三女を確認できる。
English: His illegitimate first child, Nagataka, fought valiantly alongside his father with the Eastern Army at the Battle of Sekigahara, was awarded 10,000 koku and made a daimyo of the Nomura-han, and was actually recognized as a branch family by the Shogunate.
Japanese: 庶長子・長孝は関ヶ原の合戦において父とともに東軍として参加して戦功を挙げ、1万石を与えられて大名に取り立てられ（野村藩）、事実上幕府から分家を認められた。
English: When their father retired in 1615, the 4th son, Nagamasa, and the 5th son, Naonaga, each received 10,000 koku out of the 30,000 koku that Nagamasu held in the Yamato District.
Japanese: 四男長政と五男尚長は1615年に父が隠棲した際に、長益が大和国内に領する3万石を分割して1万石ずつを与えられた。
English: They both remained Tozama Daimyo with 10,000 koku until the Meiji period, Nagamasa in the Kaiji-han, and Naonaga in the Yanagimoto-han.
Japanese: 長政が戒重藩、尚長が柳本藩の藩祖であり、いずれも1万石の外様大名として明治まで続いた。
English: The 10,000 koku that Nagamasa kept for his own retirement were repossessed at the time of his death.
Japanese: なお、長益自身が隠居料として取った1万石は長益の死とともに収公されている。
English: Yurakucho, in Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward, is said to have got its name from Yuraku's residence there; but there is no record of him having lived in Edo.
Japanese: 東京都千代田区有楽町（ゆうらくちょう）という町名は、有楽が同地に居住していたことに由来するという説があるが、有楽が江戸に住んだという記録はない。
English: There used to be a place in Osaka called Yurakucho, where Yuraku was said to have lived.
Japanese: 大阪にはかつて、有楽が居住したといわれる場所に有楽町（うらくちょう）が存在した。
English: The one in Osaka was near present day Tengachaya in Nishinari Ward, Osaka City; however, it disappeared in the countless post-war re-drawings of ward boundaries.
Japanese: 大阪のは、現在の大阪市西成区天下茶屋付近であったが、戦後の度重なる区画整理などによって消滅した。
English: Hachiro KIYOKAWA (October 10th, first year of Tenpo (Lunar Calendar)(November 24, 1830) - April 13th, third year of Bunkyu (Lunar Calendar)(May 30, 1863)) was a Shishi at end of Edo Period, and one of the leaders of the Roshigumi.
Japanese: 清河八郎（きよかわはちろう、天保元年10月10日(旧暦)（1830年11月24日）-文久3年4月13日(旧暦)（1863年5月30日））は、幕末（江戸時代）の志士で、浪士組の幹部であった。
English: He was child of Hidetoshi SAITO, a Samurai living in Kiyokawa Village, Shonai-han, Dewa Province (present day Shonai-machi, Higashitagawa District, Yamagata Prefecture).
Japanese: 出羽国庄内藩領清川村（現・山形県東田川郡庄内町）の郷士の斉藤豪寿の子。
English: In 1843, Hachiro studied hard under Yasuemon HATAKEDA, a public officer of Kiyokawa Barrier.
Japanese: 天保14年(1843年)八郎は清川関所役人の畑田安右衛門に師事し勉学に勤しむ。
English: At the same time, he practiced and mastered swardsmanship at Genbukan under Shusaku CHIBA, the founder of Hokushin Itto Ryu; he also studied at Shoheiko School of Edo Shogunate.
Japanese: その傍ら、北辰一刀流の開祖千葉周作の玄武館で剣を磨き免許皆伝を得え、江戸幕府の学問所昌平黌に学んだ。
English: Between March and September of 1855, he left Kiyokawa Village with his mother.
Japanese: 安政2年（1855年）3月から9月にかけて、母親を連れて、清川村を出発。
English: They traveled widely visiting Zenko-ji Temple, Nagoya, Ise, Nara, Kyoto, Omi, Osaka, Miyajima, Iwakuni, Amanohashidate, Kamakura, Edo, Nikko and so on.
Japanese: 善光寺、名古屋、伊勢、奈良、京都、近江、大阪、宮島、岩国、天橋立、鎌倉、江戸、日光などをめぐる大旅行をする。
English: The record of this trip, "Saiyuso" is a valuable material for learning about travel conditions at the end of Edo period.
Japanese: その記録「西遊草」は、幕末の旅行事情を知るうえでは貴重な資料である。
English: It mainly describes meetings with noted persons of various provinces, but perhaps because of KIYOKAWA's character, he wrote many bitter and severe criticisms [in the report].
Japanese: 内容は各国の名士との出会いなどを中心に書かれているが、清河の性格からか辛辣で手厳しい批評が多い。
English: After being deeply shocked by the Sakurada Gate Incident which occurred in 1860 his ideology shifted towards overthrowing of the Tokugawa Shogunate and of Sonno joi.
Japanese: 万延元年(1860年)に起こった桜田門外の変に強い衝撃を受け、倒幕、尊王攘夷の思想が強まる。
English: They planned to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate by attacking and setting fire to Yokohama Foreign Settlement, thereby stirring up the spirit of Sonno joi, but this secret plan became known by the Tokuwa Shogunate.
Japanese: 横浜外国人居留地を焼き討ちし、尊王攘夷の精神を鼓舞し、倒幕の計画をたてたが、この密計が幕府の知るところとなる。
English: Furthermore, as they slashed a person who berated Hachiro, they were now pursued by the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Japanese: しかも文久元年には八郎に罵詈雑言を浴びせてきた者を斬り捨てたため、幕府に追われる立場となっていた。
English: Due to such circumstances, Hachiro lived in hiding in Kyoto, and he also campaigned in various provinces in the east and the west in order to obtain private agreements for Sonno joi and overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
Japanese: 八郎はこのような事情から京都に潜伏したり、東西諸国を遊説してまわり尊攘倒幕の内約をとりつけにまわった。
English: He subsequently submitted a letter of his opinion to Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (Leader of Political Affairs of the Tokugawa Shogunate) regarding the Three Urgent Measures to be Taken (1. Carrying out joi, 2. Issuing amnesty, 3. Educating talented persons of the nation.)
Japanese: その後、松平春嶽（幕府政事総裁）に急務三策（1.攘夷の断行、2.大赦の発令、3.天下の英材の教育）を上書する。
English: On February 23 1863, when Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA traveled to Kyoto Hachiro accompanied him as the leader of Roshigumi who served as the vanguard for the Shogun.
Japanese: 文久3年(1863年)2月23日、将軍徳川家茂上洛のさい、その前衛として八郎は盟主として浪士組を率いて京都へ出発。
English: On the night they arrived in Kyoto, Hachiro gathered his group of Roshi at Shintoku-ji Temple in Mibu and stated that their real purpose was not to guard the Shogun but to be the vanguard of Sonno joi.
Japanese: 京都に到着した夜、八郎は浪士を壬生の新徳寺に集め本当の目的は将軍警護でなく、尊王攘夷の先鋒にあると述べる。
English: Isami KONDO, Toshizo HIJIKATA, Kamo SERIZAWA and others objected to this (Kyuo UDONO requested two members of the Roshigumi, Yoshio TONOUCHI and Tsuguo IESATO, to coordinate those who desired to remain in Kyoto; Yuzan NEGISHI, Kamo SERIZAWA and Isami KONDO and others remained in Kyoto to take a path separate from that of Hachiro, and they became Mibu warriors who later developed into Shinsengumi.)
Japanese: これに反対したのが、近藤勇、土方歳三、芹沢鴨らであった（鵜殿鳩翁が浪士組隊士の殿内義雄・家里次郎の両名に、京に残留することを希望する者の取りまとめを依頼し、根岸友山、芹沢鴨、近藤勇らが残留し八郎と袂を分かつ、かれらは壬生浪士（壬生浪）となり、後に新選組へと発展してゆく。）
English: Hachiro, who was given his own force of 200 men, requested to the Imperial Government to be allowed to submit a Petition, which was fortunately accepted.
Japanese: 二百名の手勢を得た八郎は翌日、朝廷に建白書の受納を願い出て幸運にも受理された。