nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The Jokyu Rebellion (jokyu no ran) occurred in the third year of the Jokyu era (A.D. 1221) during the Kamakura period; in this armed conflict, Emperor Gotoba raised troops to attack the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) but was defeated.
Japanese: 承久の乱（じょうきゅうのらん）は、鎌倉時代の承久3年（1221年）に、後鳥羽天皇が鎌倉幕府に対して討幕の兵を挙げて敗れた兵乱である。
English: Even after the Kamakura bakufu, when a samurai government was established, it continued to rule in step with the old aristocratic system of government in Kyoto (called the "lord governing in heaven" system) as part of a two-part government, but as a result of the Jokyu Rebellion, the shogunate gained the upper hand, placing restrictions on the power of the Imperial Court, and achieving influence over matters of Imperial succession etc.
Japanese: 武家政権である鎌倉幕府の成立後、京都の公家政権（治天の君）との二頭政治が続いていたが、この乱の結果、幕府が優勢となり、朝廷の権力は制限され、幕府が皇位継承などに影響力を持つようになる。
English: Given the tumultuous history of the disturbances in the Jijo and Juei eras, the Kamakura bakufu--made up primarily of samurais from the eastern provinces, having its stronghold in Kamakura, and having Minamoto no Yoritomo as its leader--exerted control over assignments of provincial governors and estate stewards in several provinces, mainly in the east, and held the power to police those domains; in the west, however, they had no real control, whereas the Imperial Court's power in the West remained considerable, and thus the shogunate and the Court were stuck as joint rulers of Japan.
Japanese: 治承・寿永の乱の過程で、鎌倉を本拠に源頼朝を棟梁として東国武士を中心に樹立された鎌倉幕府では、東国を中心に諸国に守護、地頭を設置し、警察権を掌握していたが、西国は支配しきっておらず依然として朝廷の力は強く、幕府と朝廷の二頭政治の状態にあった。
English: The retired Emperor Gotoba possessed many talents, including exceptional skill in the arts--as evidenced by the fact that he personally chose the poems that were recorded in the "Shinkokin wakashu" (A New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry)--but his skills also extended to the martial arts, and he was fond of hunting as well, making him quite unique as a sovereign; in the time leading up to his revolt, he had worked to bolster his military strength by establishing a Western Guard Corps and adding this to his existing Northern Guard Corps.
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇は多芸多才で『新古今和歌集』を自ら撰するなど学芸に優れるだけでなく、武芸にも通じ狩猟を好む異色の天皇であり、それまでの北面の武士に加えて西面の武士を設置し軍事力の強化を行っていた。
English: Retired Emperor Gotoba's financial resources came from his extensive shoen (private estate holdings) located in various provinces, including the Chokodo and Hachijoin territories.
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇の財源は長講堂領、八条院領などの諸国に置かれた膨大な荘園群にあった。
English: However, because many of these private estates were located in places where the shogunate held sway, tax payments and so forth were frequently late, and the retired Emperor Gotoba, the overlord, or one of his vassals often became embroiled in disputes with the local overseers.
Japanese: ところが、これらの荘園の多くに幕府の地頭が置かれるようになると、しばしば年貢の未納などが起こり、荘園領主である後鳥羽上皇やその近臣と紛争を起こすようになった。
English: In the first month of the first year of the Jokyu era (1219), the third Seii Taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians"), Minamoto no Sanetomo, was assassinated by his own nephew, Kugyo.
Japanese: 承久元年（1219年）1月、3代征夷大将軍源実朝が甥の公暁に暗殺された。
English: According to the explanation given in the "Jokyu ki" (Chronicle of the Jokyu Era) and other ancient sources, this resulted from the curse of "getting too big for one's breeches" (the idea that if someone rose to an official post beyond what was appropriate for them, disaster would occur); when the retired Emperor Gotoba heard of Sanetomo's death, he was inordinately pleased.
Japanese: 『承久記』など旧来の説では、これは「官打ち」（身分不相応な位にのぼると不幸になるという考え）などの呪詛調伏の効果であり、後鳥羽上皇は実朝の死を聞いて喜悦したとしている。
English: Regarding this state of affairs, the retired Emperor Gotoba had initially avoided confrontation with the military government and had instead aimed for harmony between court and shogunate; for that reason, he had if anything seemed strongly supportive of Sanetomo's rise to the rank of Shogun.
Japanese: これに対して、近年では後鳥羽上皇は武家政権との対立ではなく、当初は公武融和による政治を図っており、そのために実朝の位を進め優遇していたとの見方が強い。
English: With Sanetomo's sudden death, responsibility for ruling at Kamakura fell to Masako HOJO, Yoritomo's legal wife, and to her younger brother Yoshitoki HOJO, regent to the Shogun, who advised her.
Japanese: 実朝の急死により、鎌倉殿の政務は頼朝正室の北条政子が代行し、執権である弟の北条義時がこれを補佐することとなった。
English: In response to this request, the retired Emperor Gotoba sent his vassal Tadatsuna Fujiwara to Kamakura, who submitted as requirements that the punishment of the gokenin (low-ranking warrior vassal) Morita NISHINA (a member of the Western Guard Corps), who was close to the retired Emperor, be overturned, and the annulment of responsibility over the Nagae estate in Settsu Province, which belonged to the courtesan Igakyoku (formerly the prostitute Kamegiku), and the Kurahashi estate be repealed.
Japanese: これに対し、後鳥羽上皇は近臣藤原忠綱を鎌倉に送り、愛妾伊賀局（元は遊女の亀菊）の所領である摂津国長江荘、倉橋荘の地頭職の撤廃と院に近い御家人仁科盛遠（西面の武士）への処分の撤回を条件として提示した。
English: Yoshitoki provided his younger brother, Tokifusa HOJO, with 1000 mounted samurai warriors and sent him up to the capital at Kyoto, intending to negotiate with the court with this intimidating show of force as a backdrop, but the Court held firm in its position and the negotiations broke down.
Japanese: 義時は弟の北条に1000騎を与えて上洛させ、武力による恫喝を背景に交渉を試みるが、朝廷の態度は強硬で不調に終わる。
English: Consequently, Yoshitoki gave up the idea of having an Imperial family member as Shogun, choosing instead to seek a Shogun from among the line of regents and advisors; in the sixth month of the same year, he hailed Mitora KUJO (afterwards known as Yoritsune KUJO), son of Michiie KUJO, as the new Shogun and Lord of Kamakura, creating a rule by regency system that concentrated most power in the regent's hands.
Japanese: このため義時は皇族将軍を諦め、摂関家から将軍を迎えることとし、同年6月に九条道家の子・三寅（後の九条頼経）を鎌倉殿として迎え、執権が中心となって政務を執る執権体制となる。
English: Then in the seventh month of the same year, Minamoto no Yorishige, grandson of Minamoto no Yorimasa and guardian of the imperial palace, was attacked and killed by the Western Guard Corps.
Japanese: 同年7月、内裏守護の源頼茂（源頼政の孫）が西面の武士に攻め殺される事件が起きた。
English: The reason given was that Yorishige had been plotting to usurp the position of Shogun himself, but given the poor relations with the shogunate, for the retired Emperor Gotoba to send the court's military forces into action for such a reason would have been unnatural, and so it is thought that Gotoba struck because Yorishige had learned Gotoba had been carrying out incantations and prayers to curse Kamakura.
Japanese: 理由は頼茂が将軍に就こうと図ったためとされているが、幕府の問題のために後鳥羽上皇が朝廷の兵力を動かすのは不自然であり、頼茂が後鳥羽上皇による鎌倉調伏の加持祈祷を行っていた動きを知ったためと考えられている。
English: Perhaps for the very same reason, right after this incident with Yorishige, the Saisho Shitenno-in (the Hall of the Four Conquering Deva Kings), which the retired Emperor Gotoba had been using for such prayers, was demolished.
Japanese: そのためか、事件の直後に後鳥羽上皇が祈願に使っていた最勝四天王院が取り壊されている。
English: Tension between the Court and the shogunate gradually escalated, and the retired Emperor Gotoba's intention to strike down the shogunate hardened, but Emperor Tsuchimikado opposed this plan, as did many of the Court nobles, including the regent Iezane KONOE and his father, Motomichi KONOE, and many nobles opposed the plan or supported it only halfheartedly.
Japanese: 朝廷と幕府の緊張はしだいに高まり、後鳥羽上皇は討幕の意志を固めたが、土御門天皇はこれに反対し、摂政近衛家実やその父近衛基通をはじめ多くの公卿達も反対、または消極的であった。
English: Emperor Juntoku enthusiastically supported the plan to overthrow the shogunate, so in 1221, he abdicated in favor of Imperial Prince Kanenari (who became Emperor Chukyo), and with his newfound freedom from official duties he actively worked to aid the plan to topple the shogunate.
Japanese: 順徳天皇は討幕に積極的で、承久3年（1221年）に懐成親王（仲恭天皇）に譲位し、自由な立場になって積極的に協力する。
English: On the fourteenth day of the fifth month in 1221, the retired Emperor Gotoba used a mounted archery competition as a pretext to gather samurai warriors together from all over the country, until he had assembled an army of over 1700 mounted samurai, including those in the Northern and Western Guard Corps and those official guardsmen stationed in Kyoto.
Japanese: 同年5月14日、後鳥羽上皇は「流鏑馬揃え」を口実に諸国の兵を集め、北面・西面の武士や近国の武士、大番役の在京の武士1700余騎が集まった。
English: The protector of Kyoto, Chikahiro OE (son of Hiromoto OE), who was also the shogunate's local envoy, was coerced by the retired Emperor Gotoba until he had no choice but to join the capital faction.
Japanese: 幕府の出先機関である京都守護の大江親広（大江広元の子）は上皇に強要され、やむなく京方に加わる。
English: The next day, on the fifteenth, 800 riders led by Hideyasu FUJIWARA, of the capital faction, raided the mansion of Mitsusue IGA, one of the protectors of Kyoto.
Japanese: 翌15日に京方の藤原秀康率いる800騎が京都守護伊賀光季の邸を襲撃。
English: Mitsusue had only a handful of samurai with him and was killed in heavy fighting, but he managed to get one of his servants safely away who went and reported the critical state of affairs to the shogunate.
Japanese: 光季は僅かな兵で奮戦して討死したが、下人を落ち延びさせ変事を鎌倉に知らせた。
English: Morale among the capital faction became very high, and they optimistically predicted that, given the fact Yoshitoki had been declared a traitor and an enemy of the Court, he would probably not be able to find even 1000 men to stand with him.
Japanese: 京方の士気は大いに上がり、「朝敵となった以上は、義時に参じる者は千人もいないだろう」と楽観的であった。
English: Indeed, had I been in Kanto (eastern Japan), I too would have become Yoshitoki's ally," and with these words fell into disgrace with the retired Emperor Gotoba.
Japanese: 自分も関東にあったなら義時に味方していた」と楽観論を戒め、後鳥羽上皇の不興を買った。
English: Those of the capital faction were convinced that the Imperial decree would absolutely have the desired effect, and all the warriors of the various provinces would flock to join them.
Japanese: 京方は院宣の効果を絶対視しており、諸国の武士はこぞって味方すると確信していた。
English: The retired Emperor Gotoba sent a messenger to Kamakura who carried special decrees for the influential gokenin among the shogunate, and above all for Yoshimura MIURA.
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇は三浦義村をはじめ幕府の有力御家人には格別の院宣を添えて使者を鎌倉に送った。
English: To Yoshimura MIURA in particular, his younger brother Taneyoshi said 'If you want to be appointed Inspector General of all Japan, all you must do is join us as our ally,' and hopes were high that Yoshimura would be won over.
Japanese: 特に三浦義村については弟の胤義が「日本総追捕使に任じられるなら必ず御味方しましょう」と約束しており、大いに期待されていた。
English: Nagahira MIYOSHI, a high-ranking member of Kintsune SAIONJI's household, and Mitsuhide IGA both sent urgent messages to Kamakura that the retired Emperor Gotoba was raising an army; they arrived on the nineteenth.
Japanese: 鎌倉へは、西園寺公経の家司三善長衡と伊賀光季からの上皇挙兵の急報が19日に届けられた。
English: The envoys from the capital faction arrived somewhat after these missives, so the samurai of the shogunate, forewarned, were able to capture the Imperial envoys.
Japanese: 京方の使者はその少し後に到着し、警戒していた幕府方に捕らえられてしまった。
English: Yoshimura MIURA, after receiving the secret message from Taneyoshi, chased off the messenger and immediately sent the secret message on to the shogunate.
Japanese: 胤義からの密書を受けた三浦義村は使者を追い返し、直ちに密書を幕府に届けた。
English: News that the retired Emperor was raising an army caused great consternation among the samurai of Kamakura, but according to the "Azuma kagami" (Mirror of the East) and the "Jokyu ki" (Chronicle of the Jokyu Era), Masako HOJO responded, 'The obligation we bear to the former great general of the Right (Yoritomo) is surely higher than a mountain, and deeper than the sea.
Japanese: 上皇挙兵の報に鎌倉の武士は大いに動揺したが、『吾妻鏡』や『承久記』によれば北条政子が「故右大将（頼朝）の恩は山よりも高く、海よりも深いはずだ。
English: Those who wish to join the retired Emperor as allies, let them immediately declare their intentions and go to him,' she said in tears, giving what most consider a masterful performance, and consequently they were successful in gathering many gokenin around Yoshitoki.
Japanese: 院に味方したい者は、直ちにその旨を述べて参じるが良い」と涙ながらの名演説を行い、義時を中心に御家人を結集させることに成功した。
English: A war council consisting of Yoshitoki, Yasutoki HOJO, Tokifusa HOJO, Hiromoto OE, Yoshimura MIURA, Kagemori ADACHI, and others was convened, and in response to the cautious view that they hold out to the bitter end at Hakone and at Mt. Ashigara, Hiromoto advocated that they sally forth for a preemptive strike on the capital.
Japanese: 義時、北条泰時、北条時房、大江広元、三浦義村、安達景盛らによる軍議が開かれ、箱根・足柄山で徹底抗戦をする慎重論に対し、広元は京への積極的な出撃を主張。
English: Masako judged a sortie towards Kyoto the best course of action, so it was decided to launch an attack; samurai were quickly assembled, and on May 22 they were dispatched to converge on the capital from three sides, along the Tokaido (Eastern Sea road), the Tosando (Eastern Mountain road), and the Hokurikudo (the road through Hokuriku, the area on the Japan Sea side northwest of modern-day Tokyo).
Japanese: 政子の裁決で出撃策が決定され、素早く兵を集め、5月22日には軍勢を東海道、東山道、北陸道の三方から京へ向けて派遣した。
English: Before he had gone too far, Yasutoki turned back to Kamakura to consult with Yoshitoki about how to proceed if the Emperor were to lead his forces personally.
Japanese: 泰時は途中で鎌倉へ引き返し、天皇が自ら兵を率いた場合の対処を義時に尋ねた。
English: Yoshitoki is said to have ordered him, 'We cannot raise our bows against the Emperor's person; quickly strip off your armor and cut your bowstrings, and surrender to him.
Japanese: 義時は「天皇には弓は引けぬ、ただちに鎧を脱いで、弓の弦を切って降伏せよ。
English: Along the way, the ranks of the shogunal army swelled until in the end, if the "Azuma kagami" can be believed, they had assembled an army of 190,000 horsemen.
Japanese: 幕府軍は道々で徐々に兵力を増し、『吾妻鏡』によれば最終的には19万騎に膨れ上がった。
English: Yoshitoki sent the messengers of the retired Emperor Gotoba he had captured back to the capital bearing a letter in which he declared war.
Japanese: 義時は捕らえていた上皇の使者に宣戦布告の書状を持たせて京へ追い返す。
English: Blithely assuming that the samurai of Kamakura would obey the Imperial decree and strike down Yoshitoki, the retired Emperor Gotoba and the rest of the capital faction leaders had not anticipated the shogunal sortie, and were thrown into considerable panic.
Japanese: 鎌倉の武士たちが院宣に従い、義時は討滅されるであろうと信じきり、幕府軍の出撃を予測していなかった後鳥羽上皇ら京方首脳は狼狽した。
English: In any event, the capital faction, with Hideyasu FUJIWARA as the general in command, decided to meet the shogunal army in battle, and consequently sent more than 17,500 riders out into Mino Province (now part of Gifu Prefecture).
Japanese: とりあえず、藤原秀康を総大将として幕府軍を迎え撃つこととして、1万7500余騎を美濃国へ差し向ける。
English: The capital faction formed defensive battle lines along the Owari river, the provincial borders of Mino and Owari (part of modern-day Aichi Prefecture), unwisely dispersing their already outnumbered forces.
Japanese: 京方は美濃と尾張国の国境の尾張川に布陣するが、少ない兵力を分散させる愚を犯していた。
English: On the fifth day of the sixth month, the 50000-strong shogunal army marching along the Tosando, led by Nobumitsu TAKEDA, routed 2000 riders of the capital faction that were commanded by Korenobu OUCHI and had been drawn up in battle formation at Oidowatari.
Japanese: 6月5日、武田信光率いる東山道軍5万騎は大井戸渡に布陣する大内惟信率いる京方2000騎を撃破した。
English: Judging that there was no way for them to aid Korenobu, Hideyasu FUJIWARA and Taneyoshi MIURA decided to pull back quickly to the cities of Uji and Seta (Otsu City), from there to protect the capital.
Japanese: 藤原秀康と三浦胤義は支えきれないと判断し、宇治市・瀬田(大津市)で京を守るとして早々に退却を決める。
English: On the sixth day, the main shogunal force, 100,000 riders advancing up the Tokaido under the command of Yasutoki and Tokifusa, crossed Owari river; when they attacked the enemy encampment at Sunomata, they found it completely empty, and only Shigetada YAMADA offered any fierce resistance at Kuise river, making the engagement a complete rout for the capital faction, who had been dealt a crushing defeat.
Japanese: 6日に泰時、時房の率いる主力の東海道軍10万騎が尾張川を渡河し墨俣の陣に攻めかかった時にはもぬけの殻、山田重忠のみが杭瀬川で奮戦するが、京方は総崩れになり、大敗を喫した。
English: Tomotoki HOJO, in command of the 40,000 strong army coming along the Hokurikudo, also crushed the capital faction forces at Mt. Tonami and forced his way into Kaga Province, homing in in on the capital.
Japanese: 北条朝時率いる北陸道軍4万騎も砺波山で京方を撃破して、加賀国に乱入して京を目指した。
English: The retired Emperor Gotoba personally girded on weapons and armor and climbed Mt. Hiei, seeking the military support of the sohei (warrior monks), but his plan to rein in the temples and shrines had not gone over well at all with the monks of Mt. Hiei, who refused to join forces with him.
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇は自ら武装して比叡山に登り、僧兵の協力を求めるが、上皇の寺社抑制策が禍して比叡山はこれを拒絶。
English: Lacking any other choice, the capital faction decided to take all their remaining military forces and form up for battle in Uji and Seta and attempt to repulse the shogunal army at the Uji river; the court nobles also joined the battle formation as high generals.
Japanese: やむなく、京方は残る全兵力をもって宇治・瀬田に布陣し、宇治川で幕府軍を防ぐことに決め、公家も大将軍として参陣した。
English: The river's water level was high due to a recent downpour, so the shogunal army was unable to cross the river and found themselves at a loss as to how to attack; on the next day, the fourteenth, they attempted to force a crossing right in front of the enemy army, and despite losing many samurai to drowning, they succeeded in breaking through the enemy encampment.
Japanese: 幕府軍は豪雨による増水のため川を渡れず攻めあぐねたが、翌14日に強引に敵前渡河し、多数の溺死者を出しながらも敵陣の突破に成功。
English: According to the "Jokyu ki" (Chronicle of the Jokyu Era), the routed generals of the capital faction, Hideyasu FUJIWARA, Taneyoshi MIURA, and Shigetada YAMADA, intended to fight to the last and rushed to the imperial palace to make their stand, but the retired Emperor Gotoba had ordered the gates firmly shut and turned them away.
Japanese: 『承久記』によると、敗走した京方の藤原秀康、三浦胤義、山田重忠は最後の一戦をせんと御所に駆けつけるが、上皇は門を固く閉じて彼らを追い返してしまう。
English: The retired Emperor Gotoba sent an emissary to the shogunal army, claiming that the entire rebellion was the plot of his scheming advisors, and that he was repealing the decree to hunt down and kill Yoshitoki and was issuing a new decree demanding that Hideyasu FUJIWARA, Taneyoshi MIURA and the others be captured.
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇は幕府軍に使者を送り、この度の乱は謀臣の企てであったとして義時追討の宣旨を取り消し、藤原秀康、三浦胤義らの逮捕を命じる宣旨を下す。
English: Betrayed by the retired Emperor Gotoba, Hideyasu FUJIWARA, Taneyoshi MIURA, Shigetada YAMADA and the other samurai of the capital faction holed up in Toji temple and fought back.
Japanese: 上皇に見捨てられた藤原秀康、三浦胤義、山田重忠ら京方の武士は東寺に立て篭もって抵抗。
English: Yoshimura MIURA's forces attacked them at Toji temple and routed Hideyasu FUJIWARA and Shigetada YAMADA, while Taneyoshi MIURA fought to the last and in the end took his own life.
Japanese: 三浦義村の軍勢がこれを攻め、藤原秀康、山田重忠は敗走し、三浦胤義は奮戦して自害した。
English: In the seventh month, the ringleaders of the rebellion, the retired Emperors Gotoba and Juntoku, were exiled to the islands of Oki and Sado, respectively.
Japanese: 7月、首謀者である後鳥羽上皇は隠岐島、順徳上皇は佐渡島にそれぞれ配流された。
English: The retired Emperor Gotoba's sons, the Imperial Princes Masanari and Yorihito, were also banished, to the provinces of Tajima and Bizen, respectively.
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇の皇子の雅成親王、頼仁親王もそれぞれ但馬国、備前国へ配流。
English: The reigning Emperor, Chukyo (note however that the titles Kujo the Deposed Emperor and Chukyo did not come into use until the Meiji period), was deposed, and the son of Imperial Prince Morisada was raised to the throne (as Emperor Gohorikawa).
Japanese: 仲恭天皇(九条廃帝、仲恭の贈名は明治以降)は廃され、守貞親王の子が即位した（後堀河天皇）。
English: Kintsune SAIONJI, who belonged to the faction friendly to the shogunate and whose movements were restricted due to his opposition to the retired Emperor Gotoba's plan, was raised to the position of Minister of the Interior, and as someone who would accept the will of the shogunate, he became the de facto leader of the court.
Japanese: 親幕派で後鳥羽上皇に拘束されていた西園寺公経が内大臣に任じられ、幕府の意向を受けて朝廷を主導することになる。
English: The retired Emperor Gotoba's extensive holdings of shoen (private estates) were confiscated and given to the Imperial Prince Morisada (who was known posthumously by the title Retired Emperor Gotakakura).
Japanese: 後鳥羽上皇の膨大な荘園は没収され、行助法親王（後高倉院の称号が贈られる）に与えられた。
English: Court nobles such as Nobuyoshi ICHIJO, Mitsuchika HAMARU, Arimasa MINAMOTO, Muneyuki HAMARU, and Norishige TAKAKURA who had joined the Retired Emperor Gotoba in his plan to raise an army against the shogunate (who later became known as the 'kasen-chohon-kugyo,' meaning "the court nobles behind the attempt to overthrow the shogunate") were sent to Kamakura but executed en route, and the various other ministers close to the retired emperor were banished and dispersed throughout the country or kept under house arrest.
Japanese: 討幕計画に参加した上皇方の「合戦張本公卿」と名指しされた一条信能、葉室光親、源有雅、葉室宗行、高倉範茂ら公卿は鎌倉に送られる途上で処刑され、その他の院近臣も各地に流罪になったり謹慎処分となった。
English: Furthermore, a great many samurai and gokenin of the capital faction, including Motokiyo GOTO, Tsunetaka SASAKI, Michinobu KONO, and Chikahiro OE, were purged from rank and position and exiled.
Japanese: また後藤基清、佐々木経高、河野通信、大江親広ら御家人を含む京方の武士が多数粛清、追放された。
English: After the rebellion, Yasutoki, Tokifusa, and the other high commanders of the shogunal army stayed at Rokuhara in the capital, keeping watch over the Imperial Court and assuming command of the warriors from the western provinces.
Japanese: 乱後、幕府軍の総大将の泰時、時房らは京の六波羅に滞在し、朝廷の監視や西国武士の統率を行う。
English: In place of the Protectors of Kyoto, the Court now had to accept the surveillance of the newly established Commissioner of Rokuhara, and shogunal control over Court affairs, even up to and including matters of Imperial succession, became much stronger.
Japanese: 朝廷は京都守護に代り新たに設置された六波羅探題の監視を受けるようになり、皇位継承をも含む朝廷に対する鎌倉幕府の統制が強化された。
English: Roughly 3000 different territories were confiscated from capital faction nobles and samurai, divided up and given to gokenin that supported the shogunate, and a great many new supplementary jito (estate steward) positions were created.
Japanese: 京方の公家、武士の所領約3000箇所が没収され、幕府方の御家人に分け与えられ新補地頭が大量に補任された。
English: The shogunate began to watch the Imperial Court closely, and became able to intervene even in matters of Imperial succession, while the Court became hesitant to cross the shogunate, henceforth asking their opinion on all serious matters facing the country.
Japanese: 幕府は朝廷を監視し、皇位継承にまで介入するようになり、朝廷は幕府に憚って国家の大事にも幕府に伺いを立てるようになった。
English: Moreover, having obtained quite a number of estates in the west of Japan confiscated from nobles and samurai of the capital faction, Yoshitoki HOJO awarded a great many of them to those gokenin who had distinguished themselves during the war, and consequently strengthened the relationship of trust between the Hojo clan and the gokenin; continuing on from the opening days of the Kamakura bakufu, many such gokenin moved out to the western provinces to oversee their new lands, meaning the shogunate's control even over the kinai region (the five provinces adjacent to Kyoto) was strengthened.
Japanese: また、西国で京方の公家、武家の多くの没収地を得、これを戦功があった御家人に大量に給付したため、執権北条氏と御家人との信頼関係が強固になり、鎌倉幕府の開府期に続いて多くの御家人が西国に移り住むこととなり、幕府の支配が畿内にも強く及ぶようになる。
English: One theory holds that Jien wrote this book in order to convince the retired Emperor Gotoba to give up his plan to attack the shogunate.
Japanese: 一説に慈円はこの書をもって後鳥羽上皇に討幕を思いとどまらせようとしたという。
English: "Rokudai shojiki"(Record of the Triumphs of Six Imperial Generations): it claims the Jokyu Rebellion was a result of the fact that the retired Emperor Gotoba was an immoral 'wicked king.'
Japanese: 『六代勝事記』：承久の乱を後鳥羽上皇が不徳の「悪王」であったことに原因があるとしている。
English: "Masu kagami" (The Mirror of Increasing): conveys anecdotes about the aforementioned Yoshitoki and Yasutoki HOJO and about the retired Emperor Gotoba's state and demeanor in exile on Oki island.
Japanese: 『増鏡』：前述の北条義時と泰時の逸話と後鳥羽上皇の隠岐での様子を伝える。
English: The Kenmu Restoration (kenmu no shinsei) refers to the period of direct Imperial rule (where the Emperor personally controls the government) initiated by Emperor Godaigo in the sixth month of 1333, as the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsed; it can also refer to the administrative unit of Imperial rule.
Japanese: 建武の新政（けんむのしんせい）は、鎌倉幕府滅亡後の1333年（元弘3年/正慶2年）6月に後醍醐天皇が「親政」（天皇がみずから行う政治）を開始した事により成立した政権及びその新政策（「新政」）である。
English: Emperor Godaigo attempted to rehabilitate the political power and influence of the Court through the return to direct Imperial rule, but his attempts left many in the samurai class in particular disgruntled, until in 1336 the most powerful member of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), Takauji ASHIKAGA, became estranged from Emperor Godaigo, leading to the collapse of the Imperial government.
Japanese: 後醍醐天皇は天皇親政によって朝廷の政治を復権しようとしたが、武士層を中心とする不満を招き、1336年（建武3年）に河内源氏の有力者であった足利尊氏が離反したことにより、政権は崩壊した。