nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The name 'NAKAMURA' was given by his master, Jakuemon and the reason he took 'Sojuro' was because he thought that if Gennosuke SAWAMURA succeeded Sojuro SAWAMURA, his first name was also the same Gennosuke, so he thought he could succeed with Sojuro too.
Japanese: 「中村」は師匠の雀右衛門からいただき、「宗十郎」の方は「澤村源之助が澤村宗十郎を襲名するのなら、自分も源之助だから宗十郎を襲名すればいいだろう」とこれを頂戴した。
English: It seemed like a sloppy way of naming, but it's like Kamikata naming that doesn't care about professional names so much.
Japanese: いい加減な命名だが、あまり名跡にはこだわらない上方らしい命名である。
English: He performed well as a top-billed performer on the big stage in Dotonbori and people called him 'master Enjaku, superior Sojuro, sharp like katana Udanji' so this 'Ensou' competed with each other.
Japanese: その後は花形役者として道頓堀の大芝居で活躍、「名人延若、上手宗十郎　業物右團次」と呼ばれ、この「延宗右」で芸を競い合った。
English: In 1873, angry with Enjaku who became the leader of the troupe ahead of him, he went to the east capital, Tokyo.
Japanese: 明治6年(1873)、しのぎを削る延若が自分より先に座頭になったことに憤激、初めて東上する。
English: This time he couldn't achieve popularity so it was a slightly bitter debut for him in Tokyo.
Japanese: このときは人気が集まらず、宗十郎にとってはほろ苦い東京でのお目見えだった。
English: From outside the distinguished pedigree, he gained a successful career and became a top actor so, he made a lot of effort, but at the same time he was in conflict with other actors many times and he didn't show up when he didn't like the part.
Japanese: 門閥外から幹部俳優にまで出世するだけに努力もしたがその反面気性も強く、しばしば一座した俳優と衝突を繰り返したり役柄が気に入らないと休んだりした。
English: In 1876, when he had a fight with Tanosuke SAWAMURA Ⅲ, haughty Tanosuke despised Sojuro as an upstart and the fight got worse and worse because both had a strong fighting instinct, Sojuro suddenly gave up acting and opened a drapery shop in Tazaemon-bashi, Osaka with his real name Shigebe FUJIImade and everybody around him surprised this career change.
Japanese: 明治9年(1876)、大阪に来演した澤村田之助(3代目)と喧嘩したときは、気位の高い田之助が成り上がりと宗十郎を侮蔑したので、双方負けん気が強いこともあってこじれにこじれ、宗十郎は突然役者を廃業して、大阪太左衛門橋に呉服屋を開店、本名の藤井重兵衛で呉服商に転職して周囲を驚かせた。
English: Soon Sojuro returned to the stage with the cooperation of theater officials who worried about business due to a fire at the theater.
Japanese: 間もなく宗十郎は、劇場の火事で経営に不安を持った関係者の尽力により舞台に復帰する。
English: In Osaka, the Sojuro problem was so notorious that person who nags and complains a lot was called 'Suehiro ya.'
Japanese: 文句の多い口うるさい人物を大阪では「末廣屋」と呼ぶくらい、宗十郎の問題は有名であった。
English: He had often performed on stage in Tokyo invited by the great show manager, Kanya MORITA Ⅻ since 1877.
Japanese: 明治10年(1877)以後、名興行師守田勘彌(12代目)の招きでしばしば東京の舞台に出た。
English: He performed with 'Dangikusa' (taking one letter from each popular performer) and performed in the dramas such as "Youchisoba Karibanoakebono" (Youchisoga) written by Mokuami KAWATAKE, "Kumonimagou uenonohatsuhana" (Kouchiyama) so he gained popularity in Tokyo but he couldn't get along with Danjuro ICHIKAWA Ⅸ and let everybody know that he was a trouble maker.
Japanese: 「團菊左」と舞台を共に勤めたり、河竹黙阿弥作の『夜討曾我狩場曙』（夜討曾我）『天衣粉上野初花』（河内山）などに出るなどして、東京での人気も上がったが、市川團十郎(9代目)とはそりが合わず問題児ぶりを披露した。
English: He condemned them and said that Kikugoro's performance was much better' and fought with Sadanji who intervened and Sojuro didn't like Danjuro's Katsureki-orientation, Danjuro re-creating authentically wearing a graphic outfit such as eboshi (formal headwear for court nobles) and Shinosuneate when he played Goro and on the other hand, when Sojuro played Juro, he appeared wearing kosode (short-sleeved kimono) as if he didn't wear costumes and this odd combination was even laughed at as if 'one was calling on someone to express one's sympathy after a fire and the other called on someone to express one's sympathy after water damage.', 'The older brother went to river to wash his clothes and the younger brother went to the mountain to mow grass.'
Japanese: 尾上菊五郎(5代目)のほうがよっぽど上手い」と面罵し、仲裁に入った左團次とももめたり、團十郎の活歴志向が気に入らず、彼が勤める曾我五郎が烏帽子に鎧脛当てという時代考証にのっとった写実的な装いだったのに対して、宗十郎の曾我十郎はあえて従前同様の小袖姿で登場し、そのちぐはぐなとりあわせは「火事見舞いに水見舞い」「兄は川へ洗濯に、弟は山へ芝刈りに」と嘲笑されるほどだった。
English: Kanya intervened to calm down the fight but Sojuro couldn't come to terms with Danjuro so, their relationship worsened more than ever before.
Japanese: この公演では勘彌が仲裁にはいるが、團十郎とは双方折り合いがつかず、二人の仲はこれまでにないほどこじれた。
English: Moreover, he thought Kikugoro and Sadanji were on Danjuro's side so he stayed back stage without greeting them when he came to the theater.
Japanese: さらに菊五郎や左團次にも團十郎側の味方についていると思い、劇場に来ても二人にあいさつもせずさっさっと自分の楽屋に閉じこもっていた。
English: As a matter of course, he ran the gauntlet from patrons in Tokyo but he stood his ground.
Japanese: 当然のこと東京のファンの怒りを買ったが、宗十郎は一歩も引くことがなかった。
English: In Danjuro's katsurekimono (historical play), Danjuro and Sojuro always worked together, but they were not popular except amongst some of the intellectuals so, their play was called 'Son (damage) juro' using their names.
Japanese: ちなみに、團十郎の活歴物は宗十郎と組ませるのが定石であったが、一部の識者以外には人気がなかったため二人の名をかけて「損十郎」と言われていた。
English: In April 1889, he died at the age of fifty-five and his last performance was the role of Danjo NIKKI in the drama "Meibokusendaihagi" at the Naniwaza Theater.
Japanese: 明治22年(1889)4月大阪浪花座『伽羅先代萩』の仁木弾正を最後の舞台として55歳で死去した。
English: As a great achievement of Sojuro, he enthusiastically trained juniors and especially, he recognized Ganjiro NAKAMURA Ⅰ's talent faster than anybody.
Japanese: 宗十郎の功績としては、後輩の育成に熱心で、特に初代中村鴈治郎の素質をいち早く認めたことがあげられる。
English: In 1882, he added Ganjiro to his own troupe and when he performed Yashichi in "Uekiya," he performed first himself saying 'Please pay attention to what I do carefully.'
Japanese: 明治15年(1882)鴈治郎を自身の一座に加え、『植木屋』の弥七を勤めた時は「よう見ときや」と声をかけてまず自分が演じて見せた。
English: Later he let Ganjiro perform as a substitute at first and then taught Ganjiro's successful characters such as Jihei in the drama "Shinju-ten Amijima, Kawasho" (Kawasho of "The Love Suicide at Amijima"), Genzo TAKEBE in the drama "Sugawara Denji Tenarai Kagami, Terakoya" (Sugawara's secrets of calligraphy, a private school in the Edo period), Jujibei in the drama "Futatsu chocho kuruwa nikki, Hikimado" (Skylight of [A Diary of Two Butterflies in the Pleasure Quarters]), Jiroemon in the drama "Katakiuchi tsuzureno nishiki, Daianjizutsumi" (Splendid revenge by the man who wore a rag), Moritsuna in the drama "Omi-Genji Senjinyakata, Jinya Moritsuna."
Japanese: のちにこれを鴈治郎に代演させたのをはじめ、『心中天網島・河庄』の治兵衛、『菅原伝授手習鑑・寺子屋』の武部源蔵、『双蝶々曲輪日記・引窓』の十次兵衛、『敵討襤褸錦・大晏寺堤』の治郎右衛門、『近江源氏先陣館・盛綱陣屋』の盛綱などの、その後の鴈治郎の当たり役を教えている。
English: Moreover, he used a graphic stage effects aiming at new Kabuki which influenced Sadanori SUDO and Otojiro KAWAKAMI.
Japanese: また新しい歌舞伎を目指して写実的な演出を行い、角藤定憲や川上音二郎に影響を与えた。
English: Then he represented the translated version of "The Merchant of Venice" which is said to be the first Shakespeare play in Japan.
Japanese: さらに『ベニスの商人』の翻案物を上演、これが日本におけるシェークスピアものの嚆矢といわれている。
English: His performing style was plain but elegant and realistic; he played an amazing range of roles such as a historical figure, wagoto (a style that emphasizes realistic speech and gestures), a role of old person and woman.
Japanese: 地味であるが上品で写実的な芸風で役柄も広く、時代物、和事、老け役、女形もこなした。
English: His most successful characters were Jubei in the drama "Iga-goe dochu sugoroku, Numazu" (through Iga Pass with the Tokaido Board Game, Numazu post), Genzo in "Terakoya" (a private elementary school during the Edo period), Wakasanosuke MOMOI in the drama "Kanadehon Shijushichimoji," Harubei in "Kawasho," Gengobei in the drama "Godairikikoinofujime."
Japanese: 『伊賀越道中双六・沼津』の十兵衛、『寺子屋』の源蔵、『假名手本四十七文字』の桃井若狭之助・勘平、『河庄』の治兵衛、『五大力戀緘』（五大力）の源五兵衛などが当たり役。
English: When he played a mother and her child drama "Koinyobo Somewake Tazuna" (Shigenoi Kowakare), he took the pattern of onnagata, Kumehachi ICHIKAWA.
Japanese: 芸熱心で『恋女房染分手綱』（重の井子別れ）を勤めた時は、女形の市川久米八の型を採った。
English: At that time, actors of female roles were considered as lower among actors and were criticized, as a matter of course, but Sojuro didn't mind and answered 'if it is a good performance, I will imitate female roles.'
Japanese: 当時女形は役者の中でも格下とみなされており、当然批判が出たが、宗十郎は「いい芸なら女形でも手本にする」と答えて動じなかった。
English: His personal principle was to get into the character even back stage, and when he played the role of a blind woman, Sodehagi in the drama "Oshu Adachiga-hara" (story of the blind woman in the Adachiga-hara Plain), he fell from a hanamichi (passage through audience to the stage) and dragged himself back onto the stage by touch and this impressed the audiences very much.
Japanese: 日頃楽屋にいる時からその役になりきることを信条としており、『奥州安達原』の盲目の袖萩を勤めた際には、熱演のあまり花道から転げ落ちたが、花道に這い上がる際にもこれを手探りで行って観客を唸らせている。
English: In 1888, when he performed Genzo TAKEBE in the drama "Terakoya," he was asked how to play Tonami by his junior who played Genzo's wife Tonami and he asked him, 'Tonami is whose wife and what her husband Genzo's position?
Japanese: 明治21年(1888)に『寺子屋』の武部源蔵を勤めた際には、源蔵の女房戸浪を勤める後輩役者から戸浪のやり方を聞かれ、下記のように理論的に説明している（大阪朝日新聞1889年10月11日の記事）。
English: If your master or husband is caught up in a disaster, what does his wife feel?'
Japanese: 「主君なり夫の身の上に大きな災難が起こった時、女房たる者にどういう感じか起こるか。」
English: Wouldn't you wish to help him even if you are a helpless woman? In order to return the favor to your husband, wouldn't you promise yourself to be royal to him?'
Japanese: 「女ながらも一瞥の力を添え、恩を報じ、夫の忠義を立てさせたいと思うのではないか。」
English: His adopted child was Kasen NAKAMURA Ⅰand Ganjiro NAKAMURA was his successor of Wagoto-gei (the play of love affairs by a womanizer).
Japanese: 養子に中村霞仙(初代)、和事芸の後継者としては中村鴈治郎(初代)がいる。
English: In 1313, his older brother Tsunetaka KIKKAWA decided to move to Oasa town, Aki Province, despite his advanced age of nearly 80.
Japanese: 1313年に、兄の吉川経高が80歳近い老躯をおして、安芸国大朝町に移住することとなった。
English: The fact suggests that he was valued by the soke (the head family) as an assistant of the Kikkawa clan in Aki Province.
Japanese: このことからも安芸吉川氏を補佐する役割として宗家からも重要視されていたことが伺える。
English: Tsunemitsu KIKKAWA (1192 - 1267) was a samurai who lived in the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 吉川経光（きっかわつねみつ、建久3年（1192年）-文永4年（1267年））は鎌倉時代前期の武士。
English: His children were Tsunetaka KIKKAWA, Tsunemori KIKKAWA (the Kikkawa clan in Harima Province), Tsuneshige KIKKAWA, Tsunenobu KIKKAWA (the Kikkawa clan associated with the Sakai clan), and Tsunetoki KIKKAWA.
Japanese: 子に吉川経高、吉川経盛(播磨吉川)、吉川経茂、吉川経信(境氏吉川)、吉川経時。
English: When his father Tomotsune KIKKAWA died in 1240, Tsunemitsu was already 49 years old thus it is likely that he had already inherited the family headship.
Japanese: 1240年に父の吉川朝経が死去、当時の経光の年齢は49歳であり、それ以前に家督を相続していたと思われる。
English: Tsunemitsu KIKKAWA joined the Kamakura bakufu army and fought in the Jokyu War in 1221 (at the age of 30), rendered distinguished war service in the battle of Ujibashi in Kyoto.
Japanese: 事実、吉川経光は1221年の承久の乱でも鎌倉幕府側として参戦しており（この時30歳）、京都の宇治橋の戦いにて戦功を挙げた。
English: He was concurrently appointed as jito shiki (manager and lord of manor) of Oasa no sho estate in Aki Province, in addition to the honryo (main estate), Kikkawa no sho estate in Suruga Province, and Fukui no sho estate in Ibo County, Harima Province.
Japanese: 本領の駿河国吉河荘、播磨国揖保郡福井荘に加えて、安芸国大朝荘の地頭職に任ぜられた。
English: Rinso AOCHI (1775-April 11, 1833) was a Dutch scholar in Japan.
Japanese: 青地林宗（あおちりんそう、安永4年（1775年）-天保4年2月22日(旧暦)（1833年4月11日））は日本の蘭学者。
English: His name was Ei, his azana (nickname) were Shion and Rinso and his go (second name or alias) was Hoko.
Japanese: 名を盈（えい）、字を子遠、林宗（りんそう）、号(称号)を芳滸（ほうこ）。
English: After learning Chinese (herb) medicine which was his family business, he went to Tokyo at the age of 20 and became the disciple of Sajuro BABA, the translator of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to study Dutch.
Japanese: 家業の漢方医学を修得したのち、20歳で江戸に出て江戸幕府通詞馬場佐十郎に弟子入り、オランダ語を学ぶ。
English: Though he had stayed in Matsuyama for five years, he quit his job in Matsuyama domain to travel to study Western learning.
Japanese: 5年間松山に落ち着いたが蘭学への想いから松山藩での職を辞し遊学の旅に出る。
English: He was invited from bakufu to become the translator of astronomical observatory at his age of 47 and was engaged in translating Western books (Western academic books.)
Japanese: 47歳の時に幕府の招聘を受け天文台訳員となり、蘭書（西洋の学術書）の翻訳に従事した。
English: Though he was asked to serve Nariaki TOKUGAWA who was the lord of the Mito domain later, he died 4 years later, in April 11, 1833.
Japanese: その後、水戸藩主徳川斉昭に請われ召し抱えられたが4年後、天保4年（1833年）2月22日死去。
English: He translated many books written by Dutch Johannes Buys and published 'Kikaikanran' which was the book on physics in Japan.
Japanese: オランダのヨハネス・ボイスが著した書籍を多く訳し日本初の物理学書「気海観瀾」を刊行。
English: Since the early stage, he had been concerned about translations and terms created by people in translating words which did not exist in Japanese as the translation versions of Western studies increased.
Japanese: また蘭学の訳書が増えるにつれ日本にない言葉を訳す際、個々人で訳語、造語が出来ることに早くから懸念を抱いていた。
English: Therefore, he proposed to establish 'Doshikai', the organization for proper and unified translation, which provided a great direction for translation business in Japan.
Japanese: そこで、訳語の適正化と統一を目的とした組織「同志會」を提唱し日本の翻訳事業に大きな道筋を指し示した。
English: Rinso had five daughters; the husband of the first daughter, Kume was Shindo TSUBOI, that of the second, Michiko was Gencho ITO, that of the third, Hideko was Komin KAWAMOTO, that of the fourth, Miyako was Choei TAKANO (Miyako died young at the age of 32 in April 29, 1849, 6 months later of their marriage) and they married famous Dutch scholars as seen in above.
Japanese: 林宗には五人の娘がいて、長女粂の夫は坪井信道、次女三千子の夫は伊東玄晁、三女秀子の夫は川本幸民、四女宮子の夫は高野長英(宮子は結婚後半年目の嘉永2年4月7日(旧暦)（1849年4月29日）、32歳で早世）と高名な蘭学者に嫁いる。
English: Koretoshi SAKURAYAMA (year of birth unknown, died on February 25, 1332) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived in the end Kamakura period.
Japanese: 桜山茲俊（さくらやまこれとし、生年不詳-元弘2年1月21日(旧暦)（1332年2月17日））は鎌倉時代末期の武将。
English: Masashige KUSUNOKI raised an army during the Genko War, and Koretoshi kept up with Masashige to take up arms himself in Ichinomiya, Bingo Province.
Japanese: 元弘の乱の際、楠木正成の挙兵に呼応する形で備後国一ノ宮にて挙兵した。
English: At one point, his troops showed superiority that no enemy could withstand against them, although once his troops heard the news about the defeat of the Imperial army in the battle of Mt. Kasagi, Sakurayama troops scattered and eventually the troops were weakened.
Japanese: 一時破竹の勢いを示すも、笠置山の戦いにおける官軍敗戦の報に部下は四散し、桜山軍は弱体化。
English: Motoosa MIBU (April 4, 1835 to- March 5, 1906) was a Kugyo (court noble) at the end of the Edo period through the Meiji period.
Japanese: 壬生基修（みぶもとおさ、天保6年3月7日(旧暦)（1835年4月4日）-明治39年（1906年）3月5日）は、幕末から明治にかけての公卿。
English: He consecutively served as a staff officer of the government-general of Echigo-guchi at the time of Aizu War, the Governor of Echigo Prefecture, the Governor of Tokyo Prefecture, Genroin gikan (councilor of Chamber of Elders or Senate), a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) and so on.
Japanese: 会津戦争の時の越後口総督府参謀、越後府知事、東京府知事、元老院(日本)議官、貴族院(日本)議員などを歴任。
English: Keisho NAKAI (1831 - 1909) is a tenkokuka (artist of seal engraving) in Meiji Period.
Japanese: 中井敬所（なかいけいしょ、天保2年（1831年）-明治42年（1909年））は、明治時代の篆刻家である。
English: He is known not only as a tenkokuka but also as the scholar who laid the foundations for Japanese sigillography.
Japanese: 篆刻家としてだけでなく日本印章学の基礎を築いた学者としても知られる。
English: From early childhood, he studied tenkoku (seal-engraving) with his maternal uncle, Zoroku HAMAMURA (Ⅲ), and become a disciple of Gusho MASUDA at the age of 13.
Japanese: 幼少期から外叔父である浜村蔵六(三世)に就いて篆刻を学び、13歳で益田遇所に入門。
English: After the Meiji Restoration, he became a serious tenkokuka, and earnestly studied tenkoku in China to bring the essence into his work.
Japanese: 明治維新以降、篆刻家として本格的に活動をはじめ、中国の篆刻を熱心に学び、作品に取り入れた。
English: His inkoku (incised character) was influenced by the Chinese tenkokuka catalog especially Chen Yuzhong, and as for yokoku (raised character), he favored the style of Deng Shiru.
Japanese: 陰刻は中国の篆刻家一覧、とりわけ陳豫鐘の影響を受け、陽刻は鄧石如の作風を好んだ。
English: He became the most famous conservative engraver of tenkoku in the seal world of the Meiji period, and developed a lot of disciples in Kantankyo-sha School.
Japanese: 明治印壇で保守派の代表的印人となり、菡萏居社にて多くの門弟を育てた。
English: After that, he served in a variety of posts such as the examiner of the third National Industrial Exhibition and Bureau for provisional national inspection of treasure, and in 1906, he became the first kenkokuka who was elected as Teishitsu Gigeiin (Imperial art expert).
Japanese: その後、第3回内国勧業博覧会審査官・臨時全国宝物取調局査掛などを歴任し、明治39年（1906年）、篆刻家として初めて帝室技芸員に選出される。
English: Junshin (November 27, 1819-1888) was a Japanese Buddhist monk.
Japanese: 純信（じゅんしん、文政2年10月10日(旧暦)（1819年11月27日）-明治21年（1888年））は日本の僧侶。
English: Born on November 27, 1819 in Nonomura, Hewago City, Takaoka County, Tosa Province as the heir of Yosaku EBUCHI, a vassal of the Sagawa family (one theory says he was the second son).
Japanese: 文政2年（1819年）10月10日、土佐国高岡郡戸波郷市野々村で佐川家家臣江渕要作の嫡男として生まれた（次男との説もある）。
English: When he was serving as the chief priest in Godaisan Chikurin-ji Temple wakibo, he fell in forbidden love with Uma ONO, who was a daughter of an Ikakeya (a craftsman who fixes the metal pans or pots) and was 20 years younger than him.
Japanese: 五台山竹林寺脇坊の住職をしていた頃、鋳掛屋の娘で20歳年下の大野馬と禁断の恋をする。
English: They went to Awa Province through a back road at the Sasaguchi bansho (guard house) and were staying at hatago (inn with meals) in Konpira, Sanuki Province when they got caught for sekisho yaburi (breaking through or sneaking past a barrier).
Japanese: 笹口番所の裏道から阿波国に入り、讃岐国琴平の旅籠に泊まっていたところ、関所破りで捕まる。
English: After death of Kamekichi, he left the place to live in Mikawamura as Keiotokunen osho in his later years, and died there.
Japanese: 亀吉の死後その地を離れ、晩年は美川村で慶翁徳念和尚を名乗って生活し、その地で死去。
English: Joan MATSUOKA (1668 - August 27, 1764) was a Japanese Confucian and scholar of herbalism.
Japanese: 松岡恕庵（まつおかじょあん、寛文8年（1668年）-延享3年7月11日(旧暦)（1746年8月27日））は、日本の儒家、本草学者。
English: His name was Gentatsu, common name was Joan, azana (Chinese courtesy name which was, historically, the name formerly given to adult Chinese men, used in place of their given name in formal situations; scholars and the literati of Japan adopted this custom of courtesy name) was Seisho, and aliases were Igansai, Kokankyo, Hanisuzuou and Shinrinchoou.
Japanese: 名は玄達（げんたつ）、通称は恕庵、字は成章、号(称号)は怡顔斎(いがんさい)、苟完居(こうかんきょ)、埴鈴翁、真鈴潮翁。
English: His disciples were Ranzan ONO, Kyokuzan TODA, Sogen HATTORI, Tonan ASAI, Kotosuga TANIGAWA, Totekishi YOKOCHI, and Genshu NAOMI.
Japanese: 門弟に小野蘭山、戸田旭山、服部艸玄、浅井図南、谷川士清、横地島狄子、直海元周。
English: At the age of 18, he entered a private school called Yoshido run by Shuhaku AZAI to study traditional Chinese medicine, while he also studied Confucianism under Ansai YAMAZAKI and Jinsai ITO at the same time.
Japanese: 18歳の時、浅井周伯の私塾・養志堂に入り東洋医学を学びながら、儒学を山崎闇斎、伊藤仁斎に学んだ。
English: He also became a disciple of a herbalist Jakusui Ino to study herbalism, after he found difficulties for understanding the names of animals and plants described in Chinese poetry book, 'Shikyo.'
Japanese: しかし中華人民共和国の詩編「詩経」に出てくる動植物の名の理解に苦しみ本草学者稲生若水の門に入り本草学を学んだ。
English: Since Joan started learning herbalism under Jakusui, he gradually gravitated toward this field of study, and later he himself began to teach herbalism to disciples.
Japanese: この時から本草学に傾倒していき、のちに自身も本草学を講じるようになった。
English: At the time Yoshimune started the reform, the cultural center of Japan including the herbalism study ground was still in Kyoto, which had not been changed yet since the establishment of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
Japanese: この時はまだ、江戸幕府開幕後も日本の文化中心地は京都であり本草学の中心地もまた京都であった。
English: Therefore, Edo bakufu invited Joan and other herbalists from Kyoto to Edo Igakukan (Medical School in Edo) in order to acquire experts to develop herbalism in Edo.
Japanese: そのため享保6年（1721年）江戸の本草学発展の為の人材として恕庵ら京都の本草学者が幕府からの招聘を受け京都から幕府の江戸医学館に招かれた。
English: Joan joined Wayaku Aratamekaisho (an evaluation institute for Japanese traditional medicine) to investigate on the examination methods of collected herb samples for pharmaceutical research.
Japanese: 恕庵は集められた本草の薬事検査をする和薬改会所に加わり検査法を検討した。
English: Joan's teacher, Jakusui INOU, was a forerunner in the field of Japanese herbalism who transformed Chinese herbalism into the study suitable for Japanese environment; he instructed scholars who would further develop herbalism in the future.
Japanese: 師の稲生若水は中国の本草学を日本の本草学に変えていく草分けとして以後の本草学を発展させる人材を輩出した。
English: However, Joan's study in herbalism could not be contained within the conventional herbalism to focus on pharmacy, and he developed his study toward natural history by actively collecting a wide range of sample animals, plants and minerals for further investigation.
Japanese: だが、恕庵の本草学はそれまでの薬学に重きを置くものに収まらず、積極的に多種多様の動植物、鉱物を収集し博物学的なものに発展していた。
English: Joan's efforts were succeeded among his deciples, ultimately realized as the methodology of herbalism in Japan established by Ranzan ONO, and 'Wayakushu Rokkajo' (Six articles on Japanese medicine) testing methodology and standard established by Shohaku NIWA.
Japanese: それは、門弟小野蘭山が築く日本国本草学、丹羽正伯の検査基準「和薬種六ヶ條」に結実していくことになった。
English: Ransai EMA (1747 to August 27, 1838) was a scholar and a doctor who studied Western sciences and medicine by means of the Dutch language in Japan.
Japanese: 江馬蘭斎（えまらんさい、延享4年9月（1747年）-天保9年7月8日(旧暦)（1838年8月27日））は、日本の蘭学者、蘭方医。
English: His disciples included Yokusai IINUMA, Keisuke ITO (Doctor of Science), Hobun MIZUTANI, Boyo YAMAMOTO, Tou KOMORI, Fuzan FUJIBAYASHI and Shindo TSUBOI.
Japanese: 門弟に飯沼慾斎、伊藤圭介(理学博士)、水谷豊文、山本亡羊、小森桃塢、藤林普山、坪井信道。
English: Born in September 1747 as a son of Shozo WASHIMI in Ogaki Domain, he became an adopted child of Motosumi (元澄) EMA, a doctor working for Ogaki Domain.
Japanese: 蘭斎は延享4年（1747年）9月大垣藩鷲見荘蔵の家に生まれ、のちに大垣藩藩医江馬元澄の養子となる。
English: When he began to have much confidence in medicine after mastering Chinese medicine, Ransai was very shocked to read "Kaitai shinsho" (New Book of Anatomy) written by Genpaku SUGITA and Ryotaku MAENO, and decided to learn Western studies.
Japanese: 漢方医学を究め、医学に並々ならぬ自信を持ちはじめたが、杉田玄白、前野良沢の『解体新書』を読み大きな衝撃をうけて蘭学を志す。
English: In 1792, he went to Edo, making up his mind to apprentice himself to Genpaku SUGITA and Ryotaku MAENO.
Japanese: 寛政4年（1792年）江戸に出て杉田玄白、前野良沢に弟子入りする事を決めた。
English: Three years later when he was confident that he mastered Western studies as deeply as his teachers, Ransai went back to Ogaki, where he founded a private school named Korando.
Japanese: 3年ののち自身の蘭学のレベルが師に並ぶであろう自信を得ると帰郷し大垣に私塾・好蘭堂を開いた。
English: Those days, however, such a strong prejudice still remained against Western learning that people did not come to school due to feelings of resistance, which drove him to live in poverty.
Japanese: しかし当時は蘭学に強い偏見のある時代であったため敬遠され、人は集まらずに生活は窮乏することになる。
English: It was three years later in 1798 when High Priest Monnyo, the chief priest of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple in Kyoto, was struck down by a serious illness that such a situation changed.
Japanese: そんな状況に変化が起こったのは3年後の寛政10年（1798年）、京都の西本願寺門主文如上人が病に倒れた時である。
English: When there was nothing left that could be done in Chinese medicine, Ransai was called to provide aid from Western medicine, and the drug he prescribed soon worked well enough to save the life of High Priest Monnyo.
Japanese: 漢方医学ではもはや手の施しようがないという時、蘭方医学の助けを得ようと蘭斎に声がかかり蘭斎が薬を処方するとたちまち効果を発揮し、文如上人は命を取り留めた。
English: Since then more than 300 disciples had graduated from this private school, and Ransai was called the founder of the Western studies in Mino.
Japanese: 以後この私塾から300を越す門弟が巣立ち蘭斎は美濃蘭学の祖と称された。
English: In addition to medicine, Ransai had a talent for literature, and interacted with a lot of men of culture.
Japanese: 蘭斎は医学のみならず文人としての才もあり、多くの文化人とも交流を持った。
English: Ransai's disciples made brilliant careers as prominent figures supporting Western studies in Edo, Kyoto and Osaka, and as a key person who scattered intellectual seeds of Western learning throughout Japan, he is called the three masters in Western medicine in Gifu together with his disciples, Shindo TSUBOI and Tou KOMORI.
Japanese: また蘭斎の門弟は後に江戸蘭学、京都蘭学、大坂蘭学を支える重要人物として大成していくなど日本の各地に蘭学の知を芽吹かせた人物として門弟坪井信道、小森桃塢と共に岐阜の西洋医学三大家と呼ばれている。
English: Using stored rainwater for the ink slab, Ransai lived in such frugality that he said that real frugality resulted from these small efforts when he asked why he did such a thing in Ogaki rich in water.
Japanese: 蘭斎はかなりの倹約家で硯の水も雨水を受けて使い、水の豊富な大垣で何故そんな事をするのかと問われると、こういう小さな事から倹約する気持ちを持たなければ、本当の倹約は出来ないと答えたという。
English: However, knowing that his teacher Ryotaku MAENO was in need, Ransai sold his favorite books to send some money to him, which shows frugality was not his top priority.
Japanese: しかし師の前野良沢が困窮しているのを知ると愛読書を売って金に換え、師に送るなどただ倹約に走るだけではない一面もみせている。