nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Sukune was one of the kabane (hereditary titles) established by Yakusa no Kabane (the eight hereditary titles).
Japanese: 宿禰（すくね）は、八色の姓（やくさのかばね）で制定された、カバネ（かばね）の一つ。
English: It seemed that Sukune was used as a name such as NOMI no Sukune, ASHIDA no Sukune, TAKEUCHI no Sukune in the early Yamato Dynasty (the first century - the fourth century).
Japanese: 宿禰の語は、野見宿禰、葦田宿禰や武内宿禰のように、大和朝廷初期（1世紀～4世紀ごろ）では名前として使われていた様である。
English: Shinjin (真人) is the ideal of human in the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi and Taoism.
Japanese: 真人（しんじん）は、老荘思想・道教において人間の理想像とされる存在。
English: Mahito was one of the Yakusa no Kabane established in 684 and was top grade kabane.
Japanese: 真人（まひと）は、684年（天武13）に制定された八色の姓（やくさのかばね）の一つで、最高位の姓（かばね）である。
English: There is a theory that the title of tenno (天皇) (emperor) derived from Tien-Huang-ta-ti (天皇大帝) of Taoism, and also some say that this 'Mahito' also came from Taoism.
Japanese: 天皇の称号が道教の天皇大帝に由来するという説とともに、この「真人」も道教由来のものとする説がある。
English: Also Emperor Tenmu's okurina (a posthumous name) 'Oki no Mahito' means high rank hermit who lived in the holy mountain in the sea called 'Eishu' according to Taoism.
Japanese: また天武天皇の諡（おくりな）の「瀛真人」（おきのまひと）は道教の神学では「瀛州」（えいしゅう）という海中の神山に住む仙人の高級者を意味する。
English: According to an article appeared in November 684 in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), 'Following 13 clans should be given the kabane of Mahito; Moriyama no Kimi, Michi no Kimi, Takahashi no Kimi, the Mikuni clan, Taima clan, Umara no Kimi, Tajihi no Kimi, Ina no Kimi, Sakata no Kimi, Hata no Kimi, Okinaga no Kimi, Sakahito no Kimi, Yamaji no Kimi' and these Kimi kabane clans are probably the descendants of Emperor Ojin and those from Emperor Keitai to Emperor Yomei.
Japanese: 『日本書紀』の天武天皇十三年十月の条に、「守山公・路公（みちのきみ）・高橋公・三国氏・当麻氏・茨城公（うまらきのきみ）・多治比氏（たぢひのきみ）・猪名公（ゐなのきみ）・坂田公・羽田公・息長氏（おきながのきみ）・酒人公（さかひとのきみ）・山道公、十三氏に、姓を賜ひて真人と曰ふ」とあって、これら公（きみ）姓氏族はおよそ応神天皇・継体～用明天皇の皇子の子孫である。
English: After the Emperor Yomei era, descendants of emperors and princes were often given kabane in the Nara period and the number of Mahito amounted to more than 48 clans which are recorded in the "Shinsen Shojiroku" (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility) (If it includes those which appeared in "Rikkokushi" [the Six National Histories], the number of Mahito clans increases).
Japanese: それ以降の天皇・皇子の子孫についても、奈良時代にたびたび賜姓が行われ、『新撰姓氏録』の載せる真人姓は48氏に昇る（六国史にのみ所見のものも含むと更に増加）。
English: However, since it was the in the middle of expansion of power by Fujiwara clan, the definition that "Mahito = noble" was beginning to collapse, and there also appeared a case when Mahito was bestowed as a punishment such as HIKAMI no Shioyaki and Imperial Princess Fuwa.
Japanese: しかし、時あたかも藤原氏による権勢拡大の最中で、真人＝高貴という原義すら崩れ始めていたことも否めず、氷上塩焼・不破内親王のように一種の懲罰として賜姓される例も現れた。
English: This trend strengthened in the Heian period and when YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo (the prince of Emperor Kanmu) was given the kabane of YOSHIMINE no Ason in 802, the number of people who were from the Imperial Family or had the kabane of Mahito increased who wanted to be given the kabane of Ason.
Japanese: この傾向は平安時代に一層強まり、802年（延暦21）良岑安世（桓武天皇の皇子）が良岑朝臣姓を賜ると、皇族や真人姓の中からも朝臣賜姓を望む者が増加。
English: Kanto Gobunkoku was the group of provinces ruled and administered by Shogun families (Kamakuradono) during the Kamakura period.
Japanese: 関東御分国（かんとうごぶんこく）とは、日本の鎌倉時代において将軍家(鎌倉殿）が支配した知行国を指す。
English: Incidentally, the word "Kanto" in this case indicates the Kamakura bakufu itself rather than the location of the provinces, (today, "Kanto" specifies the central-eastern region of Japan including Tokyo, and Kamakura, where the bakufu was also established) therefore Kanto Gobunkoku meant not just the provinces located in the eastern region, but also the provinces located in the western part of Japan under the ruling of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: なお、ここで言う関東とは鎌倉幕府の所有という意味で、東国のという意味ではなく、西日本にも数多くあった。
English: The form of Kanto Gobunkoku in the Kamakura period was that the family/clan members or the retainers of the Kamakura bakufu were recommended to the Imperial Court for nomination as provincial officials, in order to rule the provinces as the officials of Kokugaryo (Imperial province) and properly earn revenue from the province.
Japanese: 鎌倉時代の関東御分国は、将軍家が知行国主として支配し、一族や御家人を朝廷に推挙して国司に任じ、国衙領（公領）を支配するとともに、国衙領からの収入を得た。
English: In 1185, the number of Kanto Gobunkoku reached the highest at 9, although the number of Kanto Gobunkoku decreased to 4 during the reign of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the third and last shogun of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 文治元年（1185年）には9ヵ国に達したが、源実朝の時代には4ヵ国に減少する。
English: While Kanto Gobunkoku played a great role in securing the rule of the Kamakura bakufu during it's time, it's importance was reduced once the shogunate order was established and stabilized, and the number of provinces gradually decreased.
Japanese: 幕府成立当初は東国支配確立のため制度的保障としての意義があったが、幕府体制の安定に伴い役割が低下したためと見られる。
English: The Kanto Gobunkoku that remained until the fall of the Kamakura bakufu were Suruga Province, Sagami Province, Musashi Province and Echigo Province, while the officials assigned to Sagami Province and Musashi Province were regents/cosignatories of the Kamakura bakufu.
Japanese: 幕府滅亡時まで御分国だったのは駿河国・相模国・武蔵国・越後国で、相模・武蔵の国司には執権・連署が任命された。
English: The term 'Wakoku' refers to a name which ancient Chinese dynasties or other countries around China used to designate a political force or its area in the Japanese Islands around that time.
Japanese: 倭国（わこく）は、古代の中国の諸王朝やその周辺諸国が、当時日本列島にあった政治勢力あるいは地域を指して用いた呼称。
English: Several political forces of local clans (Tsukushi Province, Kibi Province, Izumo Province, Yamato sovereignty, and the Kenuuji clan) in verious areas in the Japanese Islands emerged around the middle of the Yayoi period, and these forces as a whole was referred to as Wakoku by the Chinese dynasties.
Japanese: 弥生時代中期頃から日本列島の各地に政治勢力（筑紫国、吉備国、出雲国、ヤマト王権、毛野氏など）が形成されていき、それら勢力の連合体を中国の諸王朝が倭国と称した。
English: It is known from the articles from "kanjo (Historical records of the Han Dynasty)" and the "Ronko (Lunheng)" that such perception of Wakoku was already present during the Former Han Dynasty.
Japanese: 前漢代には既にこのような倭国認識の成立していたことが漢書や論衡の記事から判る。
English: At the same time, the political forces in the Japanese Islands used the name of Wakoku to designate their country to foreign countries.
Japanese: これと並行して、日本列島の政治勢力も対外的に倭国と自称するようになった。
English: In 57, a chieftain of Wanonanokuni (small country in Hakata area of Fukuoka Prefecture), which is believed to have been located along the Hakata Bay, had suzerain-vassal relationship with the Emperor Kobu-tei (Emperor Guangwu) of the Latter Han Dynasty, who invested him with Wakoku by giving golden stamp (Wa no na no kokuo in [the oldest known seal in Japan]), ("History of the Latter Han Dynasty"), therefore, the center of Japanese political force is believed to have been located in the northern part of Kyushu at that time.
Japanese: 建武中元二年（57年）、博多湾沿岸に所在したと見られる倭奴国の首長が、後漢の光武帝から倭奴国王に冊封されて金印（倭奴国王印）の賜与を受けており（『後漢書』「」）、当時は北部九州の勢力が倭国内の中心勢力であったと考えられている。
English: The "History of the Later Han Dynasty" states that Suisho, the king of Wakoku, offered slaves to the Chinese Emperor in 107.
Japanese: 『後漢書』「」と倭国王の帥升が永初元年（107年）に生口を献じてきたとする記述がある。
English: For this reason, although "History of the Later Han Dynasty" was complied long afterward, one theory states that the political force representing Wakoku on some level emerged during the period from the end of the first to the beginning of the second century.
Japanese: 後漢書は遥か後代の編纂であるが、このことから、1世紀末から2世紀初頭にかけて、倭国をある程度代表する政治勢力が生まれたとする見解もある。
English: The throne of the king of Wa had been succeeded to a son since Suisho, but the the late second century saw a severe civil war among the political forces in Wakoku (=>Wakoku War).
Japanese: 帥升以降、男子が倭国王位を継承していったが、2世紀後期になると倭国内の各政治勢力間で大規模な紛争が生じた（→倭国大乱）。
English: This war ended in with the accession of Queen Himiko, who lived in Yamatai-Koku (Yamatai Kingdom, 邪馬臺國・邪馬壹國; see also Yamatai-koku).
Japanese: この大乱は、邪馬臺國・邪馬壹國（邪馬台国参照）に居住する女子の卑弥呼が倭国王に就くことで収まった。
English: Following Himiko, a male became a king of Wakoku, but another civil war occurred again, ending with accession of female Tayo (臺與・壹與, see also Tayo).
Japanese: 卑弥呼の次は男子が倭国王となったが再び内乱が生じ、女子の臺與・壹與（台与参照）が倭国王となって乱は終結した。
English: After the rule of Tayo, there were no records that the Wakoku ruler had offered tribute to the Chinese dynasties for a few centuries, but around the late fourth century, records of tribute to the Southern Dynasty, including the Eastern Jin dynasty, were found and the tribute had been sent intermittently till the end of the fifth century.
Japanese: 台与以後、しばらく倭国による中国王朝への朝貢の記録は途絶えていたが、4世紀後期ごろから東晋など南朝への朝貢が再び見られるようになり、この朝貢は5世紀末頃まで断続的に行われた。
English: There were references to the kings of Wakoku during that time in the history books of China, who were called the five kings of Wa, such as San, Chin, Sei, Ko, and Bu,
Japanese: この時期の倭国王（倭王）は、中国史書に名が見える者が、讃、珍、済、興、武という5名おり、倭の五王と呼ばれている。
English: According to one belief, the five Kings of Wa, who intended to intervene in Gaya, located in the southern part of Korea, for acquiring concessions of natural resources there from the latter half of the fourth century, dispatched an envoy to China to submit to a suzerain-vassal relationship with the Chinese sovereign so that they might make use of such a relationship on the pretext of their intervention in Korea.
Japanese: 倭の五王による中国への冊封要請遣使は、4世紀後期から倭国が朝鮮半島南部の伽耶諸国群へ資源・利権獲得のために介入しようとしたため、その地の冊封を受けて大義名分を得ようとしたものと考えられている。
English: While the King of Wa called himself the King of Wakoku, or the King of Wa to the dynasties in the Asian Continents, in the country, he called himself the king or the great king (Yamato sovereignty), or amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi (the title of the king of Wa), judging from an iron sword carved with letters, ' 台天下獲□□□鹵大王 (the title of king),' which was excavated in the Eta Funayama Tumulus in Kumamoto Prefecture.
Japanese: 倭国王は、大陸王朝に対しては倭国王もしくは倭王と称したが、倭国内においては、熊本県の江田船山古墳から出土した鉄剣・鉄刀銘文に「台天下獲□□□鹵大王」とあったことから王または大王(ヤマト王権)、治天下大王（あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ）と称していた。
English: One theory becomes popular that around that time, Wakoku began to be conscious that it was another realm of China.
Japanese: この時期から倭国は大陸とは別個の天下であるという意識が生じたのだとする説が有力となっている。
English: The "Suishu (the Book of the Sui Dynasty)" states that Tarishihiko, the King of Wakoku, signed his name as the Emperor of the land where the sun rises, not the King of Wakoku, on the sovereign's message carried by a Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty China dispatched by him in 607.
Japanese: 『隋書』「」で記述される607年に俀國王多利思比孤から派遣された遣隋使の使者が持参した隋への国書では、俀國王（倭国王）の表記を用いず、「」（日出ずるところの天子）と記している。
English: The "Daichidoron (Commentary on the Great Wisdom Sutra, "摩訶般若波羅蜜多経," literally translated to the "Heart of the Perfection of Transcedent Wisdom")" written at that time indicated that such expression as the land where the sun rises only referred to the East of China, but some people mention that the expression of the King of Wa was avoided.
Japanese: これは当時の仏典『大智度論』（『摩訶般若波羅蜜多経』の注釈書）などに「」とあるように東方にあることを示しただけとする考えもあるが、倭国王の表記を忌避したものと見る考えもある。
English: From then on till the latter half of the seventh century, the name designating the country was still Wakoku or Wa, but in the process of remodeling its state and administrative apparatus on the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) by the Emperor Tenmu, there was growing national awareness about the avoidance of using Wa or Wakoku, so that before and after 701, a pair of Chinese characters, 日本, (meaning of 'the land from the sun-rise) came to be used.
Japanese: その後、7世紀後半に至るまで国号の表記は倭国・倭のままであったが、天武天皇に始まる律令制建設の過程で、倭国・倭という表記を忌避する意識が再び高まり、701年前後に日本という表記が採用されることとなったと考えられている。
English: At first, the characters were read in the Japanese way as 'Yamato,' and then read 'Jippon,' or 'Nippon,' which became established during around the Heian period, led up to the present day.
Japanese: 当初は国号の通り「ヤマト」と読まれていたが、やがて「ジッポン」「ニッポン」などと音読されるようになり、それが平安時代頃に定着し、現在へ至ったとされる。
English: In the Medieval Muslim world, "The Book of Routes and Kingdoms" written by Ibn Khurdadhbin during the ninth century and the "Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)" described the place name of 'waqwaq,' located to the east of China and India, which is believed to have been 'Wakoku (Wa-qwaq)' designating Japan.
Japanese: 中世イスラム世界では、9世紀にイブンホルダーズベが記した「諸道と諸国の書（英名：TheBookofRoutesandKingdoms）」や中世に成立した「千夜一夜物語（アラビアンナイト）」などに、中国やインドの東方にある国として「ワークワーク（waqwaq）」という地名が記されており、これは日本のことで「倭国（Wa-qwaq)」のことであると考えられている。
English: According to the theory of the Kyushu dynasty, Wakoku had been founded by the first century around the area of the northern part of Kyusu, and the King of Wa placed the capital in Wanonanokuni near the Hakata Bay and offered tribute to the Han Dynasty, and then transferred it to Dazaifu (govermental headquarters in northern Kyushu from the late Kofun period (300-700) through the Heian Period) to exist till the end of the seventh century.
Japanese: 1世紀には倭国が北部九州を中心とした地域に成立し、倭国王は博多湾近くの倭奴国に首都をおいて漢に朝貢し、後には太宰府に都を移して7世紀末まで存在したとする九州王朝説がある。
English: However, there is no peer-reviewed paper on the subject of the Kyushu dynasty, neither was there a historian, nor an archaeologist who accepts this theory.
Japanese: しかし、査読を経た学術論文で九州王朝説を扱ったものは皆無であり、九州王朝説に賛同を表明した歴史学者及び考古学者は存在しない。
English: Taishokkan (Daishikikan) was the highest rank which was established in the Taika Reforms in 647 (enforced in 648) by revising the Kan I junikai (twelve grades of cap rank), and which was newly established in the Kan I jusankai (thirteen grades of cap rank) of the cap rank and official rank system.
Japanese: 大織冠（だいしょくかん、だいしきかん）は、冠位十二階を改訂し、大化の改新で大化3年（647年）制定（施行は648年にされた）、冠位・官位制度の変遷冠位十三階で新たにもうけられた、冠位の最高位。
English: It was also inherited to the Kan I jukyukai (nineteen grades of cap rank) revised in 649 and the Kan I nijurokkai (twenty-six grades of cap rank) in 664.
Japanese: 大化5年（649年）に改正された冠位十九階、天智天皇3年（664年）の冠位二十六階にも引き継がれている。
English: Taishokkan was bestowed to only meritorious vassals who accomplished great achievements to the Imperial Court since it was placed at a higher cap rank than Murasaki no koburi; Murasaki no koburi had been worn by Oomi (a highest officer in national politics of the Yamato dynasty) and had not been included in the Kan I junikai, but was then demoted to the fifth or sixth from the top.
Japanese: 冠位十二階に組み込まれていなかった、大臣（おおおみ）が身につけていた紫冠が上から5,6番目に置かれ、さらにその上に置かれた冠位の為、朝廷に非常に大きな功績があった功臣のみに送られる冠位であった。
English: It was because he received Taishoku no kani (First Cap Rank) on December 6, 669.
Japanese: 天智天皇8年（669年）11月5日(旧暦)に大織の冠位を貰ったためにこう呼ばれた。
English: In addition, there was only one record that shokkan was donated to YO Hosho, a prince of Paekche, in 662.
Japanese: 他には、662年に百済王子、余豊璋に織冠を与えたと言う記録が見られるのみである。
English: Soga clan (Soga no uji) was a shizoku (clan) which ruled between the Kofun (tumulus) and Asuka periods (6th - 7th centuries).
Japanese: 蘇我氏（そがのうじ、宗賀、宗我）は、古墳時代から飛鳥時代（6世紀-7世紀前半）に勢力を持っていた氏族。
English: It was alternatively recorded as "宗我" in the "Sendai Kujihongi" (Ancient Japanese History): Lineage of the Mononobe and Soga clans, "Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu" (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), and "Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku" (Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan).
Japanese: 宗我『先代旧事本紀』天孫本紀、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』、『日本三代実録』
English: According to "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) and "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), the Soga clan descended from TAKESHIUCHI no Sukune who achieved great success in the Sankan Seibatsu (Punitive Expeditions Against the Three Korean Kingdoms) led by Empress Jingu.
Japanese: 『古事記』や『日本書紀』では神功皇后の三韓征伐などで活躍した武内宿禰（たけしうちのすくね）を祖としている。
English: However, the specific accounts were not recorded until SOGA no Iname appeared in the mid-6th century, and events before that remain largely unknown.
Japanese: しかし、具体的な活動が記述されるのは6世紀中頃の蘇我稲目（そが・の・いなめ）からで、それ以前に関してはよく分かっていない。
English: One theory states that Soga clan was a powerful family that was a native to the area around Kawachi Province by Ishikawa River (present-day Ishikawa River basin in Osaka Prefecture; some even identify the precise location as Ichisuka Kanan-cho, Minamikawachi-gun), or Soga no Sato, Katsuragi Prefecture (present-day Soga-cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: 河内の石川(現在の大阪府の石川(大阪府)流域、人によっては詳細に南河内郡河南町一須賀あたり)、あるいは葛城県蘇我里（現在の奈良県橿原市曽我町あたり）を本拠にした土着の豪族であった。
English: Yet, another theory (based on tracing lineage) suggests that the Soga clan descended from the migrant clans from Kudara (Baekje; one of three kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula) and settled there; however, these theories are yet to be verified.
Japanese: または（系譜に現れる名前などから）その地に定住した百済系渡来人であった、などの説があるがいずれも定かではない。
English: The "Shinsen Shojiroku" (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility) classifies Soga clan as Kobetsu (clan descended from successive emperors).
Japanese: 『新撰姓氏録』は蘇我氏を皇別（歴代天皇から分かれた氏族）に分類している。
English: Regardless of the origins of the Soga clan, its deep ties with migrant clans is without-doubt, immigrants to ancient Japan; and it is thought that the rise of the Soga clan was aided by the relatively advanced technologies introduced to Japan by Shinabe (technicians in offices) who were toraijin (settlers), who became subjects to royal authority as indentured professionals.
Japanese: 蘇我氏自身の出自はともかく、渡来系の氏族と深い関係にあったのは確かなようで、王権の職業奴属民としての役割を担っていた渡来人の品部の集団などが持つ当時の先進技術が蘇我氏の台頭の一助になったと考えられている。
English: Additionally, it is widely assumed that the Soga clan was the first to adopt Buddhism when it was introduced to Japan during the Asuka period.
Japanese: また、仏教が日本の仏教飛鳥時代（伝来）した際にそれをいち早く取り入れたのも蘇我氏であったとされる。
English: This is conjectured to have been carried out by the Soga clan for the purpose of countering the Mononobe and Nakatomi clans that were appointed to perform Saishi (religious rites and services) in the Chotei (Imperial Court).
Japanese: これは、朝廷の祭祀を任されていた連姓の物部氏、中臣氏を牽制する為の目的も有ったと推察される。
English: The Soga clan's rise to power is signified in the construction of several imperial palaces in Asuka after they seized power.
Japanese: 蘇我氏が政治の実権を掌握した時代から、飛鳥に集中的に天皇の宮がおかれるようになったことからもそれがうかがえる。
English: The Katsuragi and Heguri clans, whose members served as ministers in the past, had lost their respective influence by Iname's generation due to the demise of the main branches of their clans.
Japanese: 稲目の代になると、過去に大臣を出していた葛城氏や平群氏は既に本宗家の滅亡により勢いをなくしていた。
English: Soga clan became one of three major powers alongside the Muraji Otomo and Mononobe clans; after OTOMO no Kanamura was overthrown, the Mononobe (MONONOBE no Okoshi) clan Omuraji (Official post in ancient Japan.) and the minister SOGA no Iname remained as the two major powers.
Japanese: 蘇我氏は連の大伴氏と物部氏にならぶ三大勢力の一角となり、やがて大伴金村が失脚すると、大連(古代日本)の物部氏（物部尾輿）と大臣の蘇我（稲目）の二大勢力となる。
English: Soga also followed the precedent set by the Katsuragi and Fujiwara clans by marrying off his daughters SOGA no Kitashihime and Oane no Kimi to Emperor Kinmei, and established himself as a maternal relative of the imperial family.
Japanese: また、過去の葛城氏や後の藤原氏同様、娘蘇我堅塩媛、小姉君を欽明天皇に嫁がせることにより天皇家の外戚となっていく。
English: (It is speculated that the Soga clan became one of the noble families from which the Emperor's wives were chosen by virtue of their blood ties and the fact that Umako's primary residence (Ubusuna) was in Katsuragi-ken, and Iname's wife was also from Katsuragi.)
Japanese: （馬子の本居（ウブスナ）が葛城県だったことから、稲目の妻は葛城氏の出で、その血統に連なることにより、天皇へ妃を輩出出来る一族に連なったとする説もある）。
English: The political structure characterized by the dominance of two major houses was inherited by SOGA no Umako after the deaths of Iname in 570 and Emperor Kinmei in 571; However, a conflict over succession erupted after Emperor Yomei's death.
Japanese: 稲目は欽明天皇とほぼ同時期に没し、二大勢力の構図は次代の蘇我馬子（そが・の・うまこ）まで引き継がれるが、用明天皇没後に後継者をめぐる争いがあった。
English: The Soga clan assassinated Anahobe no Miko who was supported by the Mononobe clan, despite the fact that Anahobe no Miko was the son of (SOGA no) Oane no Kimi, and defeated MONONOBE no Moriya in the battle.
Japanese: 蘇我氏は、小姉君の子ながらも物部氏に擁立されていた穴穂部皇子を暗殺し、戦いで物部守屋を討ち滅ぼした。
English: After this event, the Soga clan members monopolized appointments to Omuraji, and governance became unipolarized under their dominance.
Japanese: その後は蘇我氏以外からは大連に任じられる者も出ず、政権は蘇我氏の一極体制となる。
English: The abuse of power under three generations of the Soga clan can be gleaned from events such as the assassination of Emperor Sushun by SOGA no Umako, the demand for the ceding of Katsuragi-ken from Empress Suiko, neglect of the throne by SOGA no Emishi, and the coup against Jogu Ooke (Prince Yamashiro no oe) by SOGA no Iruka, and the overthrow of SAKAIBE no Marise.
Japanese: ここから馬子による崇峻天皇の暗殺や、推古天皇への葛城県の割譲の要求、蘇我蝦夷（えみし）による天皇をないがしろにするふるまい、蘇我入鹿（そが・の・いるか）による上宮王家（山背大兄王）の討滅、境部摩理勢の失脚などの専横ぶりが伝えられており、蘇我氏三代にわたって権力を欲しいがままにしたとされている。
English: However, there are also those who view Iruka's hard-line politics as having been motivated by his desire to overcome the weakness of a political base undermined by antipathy among the Imperial family and other influential families towards the Soga clan after the death of SOGA no Umako.
Japanese: しかし馬子の死後に、蘇我氏に対する皇族や諸豪族の反感が高まって蘇我氏の政治基盤が動揺し、それを克服しようとして入鹿による強権政治に繋がった、という見方も少なからずある。
English: The power of the Soga clan was significantly diminished by a coup (Isshi Incident, which takes its name from the Zodiacal name of the year the incident occurred and can alternatively called the "Incident of 645.") led by Emperor Tenchi in 645, in which Iruka was assassinated and Emishi prompted to commit suicide.
Japanese: 蘇我氏は、645年の天智天皇、藤原鎌足らのクーデター（乙巳の変）によって、入鹿が暗殺されるとともに蝦夷が自殺するとその勢力は大幅にそがれてしまった。
English: The political turmoil merely signified the decimation of the main branch of the Soga clan whose members were direct descendents of Emishi.
Japanese: しかしながらこの政変はあくまでも蝦夷を嫡流とする蘇我氏宗本家の滅亡だけを意味する。
English: SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro, a child of SOGA no Kuramaro (Emishi's younger brother) from the branch family of Soga, conspired with Naka no Oe no Oji in the coup.
Japanese: クーデターには、傍流とされた蘇我倉麻呂（蝦夷の弟）の子である蘇我倉山田石川麻呂も、中大兄皇子の協力者として関わっていた。
English: Later, Ishikawamaro was appointed to Udaijin (Minister of the right) and arranged to marry off his daughters Ochi no Iratsume and Mei no Iratsume to Naka no Oe no Oji.
Japanese: 石川麻呂はこの後右大臣に任じられ、娘の遠智娘と姪娘を中大兄皇子の后にしている。
English: Ishikawamaro himself was prompted to commit suicide when he was falsely charged in 649, and his younger brother, SOGA no Himuka, whose accusations led to his Ishikawamaro's death was demoted and transferred to Dazaifu (It is speculated that SOGA no Himuka was transferred as a means to keep him silenced.)
Japanese: 石川麻呂自身は649年に冤罪で自害し、讒言した弟の蘇我日向も大宰府に左遷させられた（口封じとの説もある）。
English: However, Ishikawamaro's other brothers SOGA no Akae and SOGA no Murajiko were respectively appointed as Minister of the Left and Minister of the Right (Although the veracity of Murajiko's appointment is less certain.) during the reign of Emperor Tenchi, and the Soga clan maintained a certain degree of status.
Japanese: しかし、他の弟である蘇我赤兄と蘇我連子は、天智天皇の時代に大臣（赤兄は左大臣、連子ははっきりは分からないが右大臣と推定されている）に任じられており、蘇我氏は一定の地位を保持している。
English: Murajiko died before Emperor Tenchi was officially enthroned, and Akae and his other younger brother SOGA no Hatayasu both of whom took the side of Emperor Kobun during the Jinshin War were respectively deported and prompted to commit suicide upon their defeat.
Japanese: 連子は天智天皇の正式な即位を見ないまま死去し、赤兄ともう一人の弟である蘇我果安は壬申の乱で弘文天皇側について敗れ、それぞれ流罪・自害となった。
English: SOGA no Yasumaro, a nephew of Akae and the son of Murajiko was trusted by Emperor Tenmu to the extent that he was entrusted the succession of the Soga clan and was bestowed the family name ISHIKAWA Ason (second highest of eight hereditary titles).
Japanese: その甥で連子の子である蘇我安麻呂は、天武天皇の信任が厚かったために蘇我氏の後を継ぎ、石川朝臣の姓氏を賜った。
English: Kuramaro's sons remained in the center of politics even after the Isshi Incident, and maintained Murajiko's lineage even as their influence was whittled down through successive political struggles.
Japanese: このように乙巳の変後も、倉麻呂の息子達がなお政治の中心的立場にとどまり、相次ぐ政争で衰退しながらもしばらくは連子の系統が続いた。
English: ISHIKAWA Ason of Soga lineage produced Empress Jito and Empress Genmei who assumed the throne from the late Nara period through to the Asuka period (both Empress Jito and Empress Genmei were the daughters of Ishikawamaro and were respectively mothered by Ochi no Iratsume and Mei no Iratsume.)
Japanese: 蘇我系石川氏は、飛鳥時代末期から奈良時代に、その血を引いた天皇（持統天皇と元明天皇を輩出した（それぞれ石川麻呂の娘、遠智娘と姪娘が母）。