nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: After Isshinkai accomplished the annexation between Korea and Japan, Kankoku Tokan-fu (South Korea Protection Agency) entirely forbade making any political association in Korea in order to suppress the political confusion in Korea, so they were compelled to dismiss as the other political associations did in exchange of 150 thousand yen given as dissolution allowance, but Song Byung-joon and others who had been leading Isshinkai assumed office as adviser of Chusuin (a government office in Korea) of Chosen Sotoku-fu (Governor-General of Korea) and kept affecting on the Korean politics after the annexation.
Japanese: 韓日併合の目的を達成した一進会は、その後、韓国統監府が朝鮮内の政治的混乱を収拾するために朝鮮の政治結社を全面的に禁止したため、解散費用15万円を与えられ、他の政治結社と同様に解散したが、一進会を率いた宋秉畯らは朝鮮総督府中枢院顧問となり合併後の朝鮮の政治にも大きく影響を与え続けた。
English: In Korea, after Japan defeated Shin in Sino-Japanese War, Empress Myeongseong took precautions against Japan of which dominating power was further increasing in Korea.
Japanese: 朝鮮では、日清戦争で日本が清に勝利すると、王妃である閔妃が朝鮮で一層強化する日本の支配力を警戒した。
English: The Russian Empire enhanced its clout to East Asia after the Triple Intervention, so Korea enhanced the pro-Russia policy including feint to Japan.
Japanese: 三国干渉によってロシア帝国の東アジアへの影響力が強まったことで、日本への牽制を含めて親露政策を強めるようになる。
English: After that, Empress Myeongseong was assassinated in Itsubi Incident (Sunjong who was at the crime scene said, "I witnessed Woo Beomseon) killed our mother in Itsubi Incident", and also Woo Beomseon confessed to have killed Empress.) ('A case of Woo Beomseon), a Korean refugee in Japan, murdered by GO Yeong-Geun and 魯允明.' [Japan Center for Asian Historical Records])
Japanese: その後、乙未事変で閔妃が暗殺された。（殺害現場にいた純宗の言で『乙未事件ニ際シ、現ニ朕ガ目撃セシ国母ノ仇、禹範善』となっているだけでなく、この禹範善は『禹ハ旧年王妃ヲ弑セシハ自己ナリトノ意ヲ漏セリ』と自ら犯人であることを漏らしている。(アジア歴史資料センター『在本邦韓国亡命者禹範善同国人高永根魯允明等ニ於テ殺害一件』)）
English: On February 11, 1896, pro-Russian Bum Chin Lee, Lee Wan-yong and others carried out a coup d'etat, so King Gao Zong (Korean King) transferred to a Russian government establishment to carry out his work (Rokanhasen).
Japanese: 1896年2月11日、親露派の李範晋や李完用らによってクーデターが行われ国王の高宗(朝鮮王)がロシア在外公館に移り執務（露館播遷）を行うようになった。
English: Kaika group's government supported by Japan fell apart while Russia's influence increased.
Japanese: 日本の後押しを受けていた開化派政権は崩壊し、ロシアの影響力が強まった。
English: In July 1896, the people following Kaika group called for the independence of Korea, establishment of legalism, promotion of new education, improvement of agriculture, encouragement of industry and raising of patriotism and loyalty to monarch, and Lee, Wan-yong and others founded the Independence Club.
Japanese: 1896年7月、開化派の流れを汲む人たちが朝鮮の自主独立、法治主義の確立、新教育の振興、農業の改良、工業の育成、愛国心、君主への忠誠心の培養を訴え李完用らが独立協会を設立した。
English: After 1897, as Russia's aggressive policy was getting obvious, the Independence Club carried out an anti-Russia fight and demanded King Gao Zong to come back to the royal palace.
Japanese: 1897年以降、ロシアの侵略政策が露骨になると独立協会は反露闘争を展開、国王の高宗に王宮に戻ることを要請した。
English: However, the Independence Club's insistence caused a confrontation with the bureaucracy of old-guard crony, and finally they were compelled to dismiss following the decree of Gao Zong.
Japanese: しかし独立協会の主張は次第に守旧派官僚との対立を招き、最終的に高宗の勅令により独立協会は解散させられた。
English: Russia's retreat from Korea encouraged Japan to get back the power, and it promoted the economic domination in Korea.
Japanese: ロシアの勢力が朝鮮から後退したことによって再び日本の勢力が増大し韓国の経済的支配を進めた。
English: Due to this background, Song Byung-joon who had served as an interpreter for Japanese Army in Russo-Japanese War designed an organization for the political reform against the Japanese influence, and this plan was accepted by people who had followed the independence club before.
Japanese: こうした背景のもと、日露戦争中に日本軍通訳をつとめた宋秉畯が日本の影響下に政治改革のための組織を計画したが、この計画は元独立協会系の人々に受け入れられた。
English: Song Byung-joon founded Isshinkai along with 尹始炳 and others related to the independence club on August 8, 1904, about half a year after the conclusion of Japan-Korea Protocol in the middle of Russo-Japanese War (the initial name was 'Ishinkai').
Japanese: 宋秉畯は、日露戦争のさなか、日韓議定書が締結された約半年後の1904年8月8日に独立協会系の尹始炳らと共に、一進会を設立する（当初、名称は「維新会」。
English: After that, Song Byung-joon who was originally a member of Donghak reached the consensus with 李容九 (이용구), a leader of Shinpokai following a part of Donghak, and merged Shinpokai.
Japanese: その後、もともと東学に参加していた宋秉畯は、東学の一部を引き継いだ進歩会を率いていた李容九と意見が合い、進歩会を吸収した。
English: Initially, 尹始炳 was a chairman, but 李容九 (이용구) took over the office in response to 尹始炳's request.
Japanese: 当初、尹始炳が会長であったが、尹始炳の要請によって李容九が会長に就任した。
English: The goal Isshinkai aimed at was 'political reform and people's freedom' which succeeded to the thoughts of democracy and independent nationalism seen in the Independence Club.
Japanese: 一進会の掲げた目的は、独立協会に見られる民主主義、独立国家主義の思想を継承しており、「政治改革と民主の自由」を掲げている。
English: Also, Isshinkai which was founded in the middle of Russo-Japanese War had a thought that blocking Russia's invasion under the Japan-Korea Military Alliance could weaken Russia's influence on the Korean Empire, that it further could prevent the allied western powers from advancing into Asia, and that it finally could lead to the restoration of Korea.
Japanese: また一進会は、日露戦争時に設立され、日韓軍事同盟においてロシアを侵攻を阻止することが、ロシアの大韓帝国に対する影響力を弱め、さらには欧米列強のアジア進出を防ぎ、朝鮮の復興になると考えていた。
English: Japan initially wasn't putting a high estimation in Isshinkai, but after it was founded, Song Byung-joon sent a letter to Yasuharu MATSUISHI, a Japanese Colonel of the times, to explain that current regime led by Gao Zong and the bureaucracy couldn't bring independence and maintenance to Korean Empire, and he also offered a cooperation for the construction of Keigi Railroad.
Japanese: 一進会の設立当初、日本は一進会をそれほど評価してはいなかったが、一進会の設立後、宋秉畯は当時の日本の大佐、松石安治に対し書簡を送り、現状の高宗およびその官僚主導では大韓帝国の独立・維持は困難であると説明し、また京義線敷設の協力をも申し出ている。
English: In the Russo-Japanese War, Japanese Army planned to construct Keigi Railroad for transport of goods, but the plan was suspended due to the shortage of labors, so Isshinkai mobilized over 140 thousands members as free support for the construction of the railroad.
Japanese: 当時の日露戦争においては、日本軍が物資輸送のため京義線の敷設を計画するが、日本軍の人員不足で計画が暗礁に乗り上げており、この際、一進会がこの敷設工事に無償支援し、会員14万人以上を動員した。
English: Furthermore, Isshinkai began to support the transport of military goods for Japanese Army, and over 10 thousands members transported weapons and foods for Japanese Army at their own expense.
Japanese: さらに一進会は、日本軍の軍事物資輸送も支援に乗り出し、10万人以上の会員が自費で日本軍の武器、食料を戦地まで運んでいる。
English: Also, during the Russo-Japanese War, the members of Isshinkai quit their long hair and beard which was a tradition of the times, as a symbol of the independent movement.
Japanese: また、この日露戦争当時、一進会会員は、当時の伝統であった長髪、髷をやめ、自主独立運動の象徴としている。
English: In Korea, the order of bobbed hair had been abolished at the time of Rokanhasen, so such brobbed hair was unthinkable for general public.
Japanese: 朝鮮では露館播遷で断髪令を廃止しており、このような断髪は一般市民からは考えられないものであった。
English: In October 1905, Japanese Government made a cabinet decision on the policy to build the protection right for Korea, and in November, Hirobumi ITO was sent as a special envoy, and on November 28, the Eulsa Treaty was forced to be concluded.
Japanese: 1905年10月、日本政府は韓国保護権の確立の方針を閣議決定し、翌11月には伊藤博文を特使として派遣し、11月28日に第二次日韓協約の締結が強行された。
English: On November 5, 1905 before that, Isshinkai had announced their declaration that they transferred their diplomatic right to Japanese Government to go under the Japanese instruction and protection, for the purpose of maintaining Korea's independence and stability.
Japanese: これに先立ち、一進会は1905年11月5日に「外交権を日本政府に委任し日本の指導保護を受け、朝鮮の独立、安定を維持せよ」という宣言書を発表している。
English: However, in October 1909, Hirobumi ITO was assassinated by An Jung-geun in Harbin of Manchuria, so after a short provisional term, Masatake TERAUCHI assumed office as the 3rd Inspector General of Korea (as of May 1910) and proceeded the preparation for the annexation of Korea, keeping oppression to Gihei War.
Japanese: しかし1909年10月、伊藤博文は満州のハルビン（哈爾浜）にて安重根によって暗殺され、短い中継ぎを挟み寺内正毅が第三代韓国統監（就任は1910年5月）となり、義兵戦争への弾圧を継続しつつ韓国併合への準備を進めていった。
English: In December 1909, Isshinkai sent the 'Statement to request the consolidation of Korea and Japan' to Sunjong (Korean King), Sone ARASUKE, the 2nd Inspector General of Korea, and Prime Minister Lee, Wan-yong to request the consolidation of Korea and Japan.
Japanese: 一進会は、1909年12月「韓日合邦を要求する声明書」を純宗(朝鮮王)、第二代韓国統監曾禰荒助、首相李完用に送り、韓日合邦を要請している。
English: In this proposal, 李容九 (이용구) claimed as the statement of one million members as follows : Japan has dedicated an enormous expense and people's lives in Sino-Japanese War in order to bring independence to Korea.
Japanese: この建議書の中で、李容九は会員100万人の声明と称して、「日本は日清戦争で莫大な費用と多数の人命を費やし韓国を独立させてくれた。
English: Besides, although Japan's loss in Russo-Japanese War was twenty times as much as that of the Donghak Peasant Revolution, they helped Korea not to be swallowed into Russia's mouth and maintained the piece of entire Asia.
Japanese: また日露戦争では日本の損害は甲午の二十倍を出しながらも、韓国がロシアの口に飲み込まれる肉になるのを助け、東洋全体の平和を維持した。
English: Nevertheless, Korea didn't appreciate it and begged different countries, so it was our fault that our diplomatic right has been taken away and the protection treaty was concluded.
Japanese: 韓国はこれに感謝もせず、あちこちの国にすがり、外交権が奪われ、保護条約に至ったのは、我々が招いたのである。
English: We don't know what danger is coming up next, but it is also our fault.
Japanese: 今後どのような危険が訪れるかも分からないが、これも我々が招いたことである。
English: We should beg his Imperial Majesty and Meiji Emperor of Japan in order to be able to receive the treatment as Itto Kokumin (First-class people) to develop our government and society.
Japanese: 我が国の皇帝陛下と日本明治天皇に懇願し、我々も一等国民の待遇を享受して、政府と社会を発展させようではないか」と主張した。
English: The Japanese Government refused their demand because Isshinkai claimed for the mutual prosperity between Korea and Japan on a basis of Korean and Japanese people's equal position, which was completely different from the merger and annexation of Korea, that Japan was expecting, and also Japan was taking its own policy that any request from Korea was unacceptable for the Japanese annexation of Korea.
Japanese: 一進会の主張はあくまで日韓両国民の対等な地位に基づく日韓共栄であって日本の考える韓国の吸収併合とは全く異なるものであることや、日韓併合については韓国側の要求は一切受け入れない方針であったため日本政府は一進会の請願を拒否した。
English: It was a political decision from the judgement that it would be difficult to have Japanese people's understanding, because, at the time, the Korean Empire held an enormous debt and also needed a lot of budget for the land infrastructure.
Japanese: これは、当時の大韓帝国の巨額の債務や土地インフラに膨大な予算が必要になることから日本国民の理解を得ることは難しいとの政治判断からであった。
English: On the other hand, Song Byung-joon of Isshinkai was convinced that the equal consolidation of Korea and Japan would be difficult if considering the difference of the two countries' national power, so he next rolled out the theory as to Japan's annexation of Korea which was finally concluded by Katsura Cabinet in 1910.
Japanese: 一方、一進会の宋秉畯も、韓日の対等合邦は国力の差から困難であると判断して韓日併合論を展開し、1910年、桂内閣により韓日併合がなされた。
English: After Japan's annexation of Korea, the Kankoku Sokan-fu forbade and dismissed all political associations of Korea in order to suppress the confusion and regain the public safety caused by the confliction between pro-Japanese and anti-Japanese political associations.
Japanese: 日韓併合後、韓国統監府は、親日派／非親日派の政治団体の対立による治安の混乱を収拾するため、朝鮮の全ての政治結社を禁止し解散させた。
English: Due to this, Isshinkai was ordered to dismiss by Japanese Government on September 12, 1910 just after the annexation, and with 150 thousand yen given as a dissolution allowance, it dismissed on September 25 of the same year.
Japanese: これにより、一進会は併合直後の1910年9月12日に日本政府によって解散を命じられ、解散費用15万円を与えられ、同年9月25日に解散した。
English: Song Byung-joon and others who led Isshinkai and supported the theory as to Japan's annexation of Korea assumed office as adviser of Chusuin (a government office in Korea) of Chosen Sotoku-fu and kept affecting on the Korean politics after the annexation, and later Song Byung-joon was given a title of count for his achievement.
Japanese: 一進会を率い、韓日併合論を説いた宋秉畯らは朝鮮総督府中枢院顧問となり、合併後の朝鮮の政治にも大きく影響を与え続け、その後、その功績により宋秉畯には伯爵位が与えられた。
English: The public estimation shown in the general books published in Japan or Korea are as follows.
Japanese: 以下には日韓において出版されている一般書籍での評価について概述する。
English: In "朝鮮を知る事典"(Encyclopedia to know Korea) published by Heibon-sya, Isshinkai is called 'pro-Japanese order-taker organization' with the mention that they cooperated as spy other than their outer activities.
Japanese: 平凡社の『朝鮮を知る事典』では、一進会を「親日御用団体」と呼び、表立った運動以外にスパイ活動などにも協力したとしている。
English: It also mentions that their job as pro-Japanese organizaiton provoked people's antipathy, so the negative result was much bigger than the positive effect.
Japanese: また、親日団体としての働きについてはプラスの効果よりも民衆の反発を招いたマイナスの結果の部分が大きかったとしている。
English: Besides, it mentions that the real Isshinkai was 'an organization seeking for the interests of Lee Yong-gu, Song Byung-joon or others'.
Japanese: また、一進会の実態が「李容九や宋秉畯などの利権集団」であったとも記述している。
English: In 'History of Korea, New Edition' published by Sanseido, there is an mention that the statement issued by Isshinkai in 1909 was not representing people's voice, and that the number described as 'one million members' was unsubstantial.
Japanese: 三省堂の『朝鮮の歴史　新版』では、一進会が1909年に出した声明について、民衆の声を代表しておらず、かつ「会員100万人」も実体のない数字だったとしている。
English: In 'Explanation for the sake of pro-Japan' by Kim Wansop (2002), the author highly evaluated the Isshinkai's movement, comparing their movment with a concentration of three revolutionary powers consisted of peasants who tried to reject the oppression of Joseon Dynasty Government (Togaku-to => Shinpo-kai), the group consisted of revolutionary intellectuals from governing class aimed at modernization of Korea (Ishin-kai) and Japan which tried to secure the 'aggressive protection' by supporting the modernization of Korea.
Japanese: 金完燮の『親日派のための弁明』（2002）では、一進会の運動を、李氏朝鮮政府の圧政をはねのけようとする農民階級（東学党→進歩会）と、支配階級出身で朝鮮の近代化をめざす改革派知識人グループ（維新会）、そして朝鮮近代化を支援することで「攻撃的な防御」を確保しようとする日本、の3つの改革勢力が結集されたものとして高く評価している。
English: O Seonhwa placed a mention in her book 'Road to the Japan's annexation of Korea', saying, 'it is completely unreasonable for me that, in a balance-sheet, the persons like 李容九 (이용구) who strived in the country to get back our nation's dignity aimed at Asianism are regarded as betrayers, while the persons like Ahn Chang-ho and Syngman Rhee (I Seung-man) who rolled out their anti-Japanese activities out of Korea without taking any particular actions in the country are praised as a patriot or anti-Japanese warrior'.
Japanese: 呉善花は、著書『韓国併合への道』で「少なくとも民族の尊厳の確保に賭けて大アジア主義を掲げ、国内で最大限の努力を傾けた李容九らを売国奴と決めつけ、国内で表立った活動をすることもなく外国で抗日活動を展開した安昌浩や李承晩らを愛国者・抗日の闘士と高く評価するバランス・シートは、私にはまったく不当なものである」と評価している。
English: Many of the world researchers including Japan agreed that it was true that Isshinkai couldn't see through the intention of invasion Empire of Japan had aimed at and happened to play a role for leading Korea to the ruin.
Japanese: 日本を含めた諸外国の研究者の間では、一進会が大日本帝国の侵略の意図を見抜けず韓国を亡国へと導く役割を果たしたことは事実である。
English: But the theory as to the equal consolidation itself was clearly different from that of Japan's annexation of Korea (Korea is supposed to depend on Japan and be colonized abandonning their sovereignty), rather, taking into account the fact that Japan cut off even Isshinkai as a worn-out after the annexation and launched the colonial domination, many of the researchers also have a sympathy that 'Isshinkai is also one of victims and what they did is not necessarily accusable'.
Japanese: しかし、対等合併論自体は日本の朝鮮併合論（朝鮮が日本に従属し、主権を放棄する形で植民地となる。）とは明らかに異なり、寧ろ併合後の日本が一進会すらも用済みとして切捨て、植民地統治を開始したことを踏まえて、「一進会もまた犠牲者であり、必ずしも責められるべき点ばかりではなかった」とする同情的意見も強い。
English: Hibiya Incendiary Incident was a revolt caused from the dissatisfaction with the compensation after the Russo-Japanese War, triggered by the rally held at Hibiya Park in Tokyo on September 5, 1905.
Japanese: 日比谷焼打事件（ひびややきうちじけん）は、日露戦争後の賠償に対する不満から、1905年9月5日、東京日比谷公園の集会をきっかけに起こった暴動のこと。
English: By the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, Russia approved the cession of Sakhalin Island from 50 degrees north latitude to the southern end as well as the handover of Liaodong Peninsula, a leased territory, to Japan, thus the Russo-Japanese War substantially ended with the Japan's victory.
Japanese: 1905年のポーツマス条約によってロシアは北緯50度以南の樺太島の割譲および租借地遼東半島の日本への移譲を認め、実質的に日露戦争は日本の勝利に終わった。
English: However, this treaty didn't mention the Russia's obligation to pay the reparations to Japan, so Japan couldn't directly gain the reparations although it sacrificed a considerable number of victims and a huge amount of war expenditure (including the external debt) incomparable with the Sino-Japanese War.
Japanese: しかし、同条約では日本に対するロシアの賠償金支払い義務はなかった為、日清戦争と比較にならないほど多くの犠牲者や膨大な戦費（対外債務も含む）を支出したにも関わらず、直接的な賠償金が得られなかった。
English: Because of this, the criticism increased in the public opinion (inside of Japan), and the people who turned into a mob burned out the official residence of Minister of Home Affairs, Kokumin Shinbunsya which was regarded as a pro-government newspaper company, police stations and so on.
Japanese: そのため、世論の非難（日本内部）が高まり、暴徒と化した民衆によって内務大臣(日本)官邸、御用新聞と目されていた国民新聞社、交番などが焼き討ちされる事件が起こった。
English: In 1905, Japan and Russia came to be holding reconcilatory negotiations at Portsmouth of America (State of New Hampshire) through the intermediation of Theodore ROOSEVELT, the President of the United States of America, triggered by the incident that the Baltic Fleet, the Russian Navy, was explosed by the Imperial Japanese Navy led by Heihachiro TOGO during the Russo-Japanese War.
Japanese: 1905年、日露戦争は東郷平八郎率いる大日本帝国海軍がロシア海軍のバルチック艦隊を撃破したことを契機に、アメリカ合衆国大統領のセオドア・ルーズベルトの仲介のもと、アメリカのポーツマス(ニューハンプシャー州)にて日露の和睦交渉が行なわれることとなった。
English: In thouse days, Japanese financial affairs deteriorated due to the enormous expenditure for war, and in Russia also, the revolutionary movements such as Bloody Sunday (1905) were growing worse, so it was getting difficult for the both countries to continue the war.
Japanese: 当時、日本は戦争に対する多大な軍費への出費から財政が悪化し、ロシアでも血の日曜日事件(1905年)など革命運動が激化していたため、両国とも戦争継続が困難になっていたのである。
English: Most of people who hadn't been informed of the circumstances expected to be able to get a large amount of reparations from Russia, but the Russian side refused to pay the reparations.
Japanese: そうした内情を知らされていなかった国民の多くはロシアから多額の賠償金を取ることができると踏んでいたが、ロシア側は賠償金の支払いを拒否する。
English: Because the battlefields set for the Russo-Japanese War were only in the southern Manchuria (the northeastern China) and the northern Korean Peninsula, so nowhere in Russia had been attacked by Japan.
Japanese: 日露戦争の戦場は全て満州（中国東北部）南部と朝鮮半島北部であり、ロシアの領内はまったく日本に攻撃されていないからだ。
English: Being afraid of the breakdown of the negotiations, Jutaro KOMURA, a plenary power of the Japanese side, signed, on August 29, the Treaty of Portsmouth, a peace treaty, by accepting several conditions including the cession of the southern half of Sakhalin and the Japan's priority for taking a leadership toward Korean Empire.
Japanese: 日本側の全権・小村寿太郎はロシアとの交渉決裂を恐れて8月29日、樺太の南半分の割譲と日本の大韓帝国に対する指導権の優位などを認めることで講和条約であるポーツマス条約に調印したのであった。
English: These conditions were far from what Japanese people were expecting, which are reparations of 5 billion yen, the transfer of the right for Liaodong Peninsula as well as the right of the railroad between Lushun and Harupin, the transfer of the entire land of Sakhalin and so on.
Japanese: この条件は、国民が考えていた条件とは大きくかけ離れるものであった（日本側は賠償金50億円、遼東半島の権利と旅順-ハルピン間の鉄道権利の譲渡、樺太全土の譲渡などを望んでいた。
English: A part of right-wing activists agitated the Japanese people by sayng that the Russian Empire's territory in the east of Irkutsk State would be ceded.
Japanese: 一部右翼活動家の中にはイルクーツク州以東のロシア帝国領土割譲がされると国民を扇動する者までいた）。
English: So, Asahi Shinbun put some comments dated of September 1 such as 'the peace treaty was putting the cart before the horse', 'Taro KATSURA Cabinet sold Japanese people and army', 'Komura was unforgivable' and so on.
Japanese: このため、朝日新聞（9月1日付）に「講和会議は主客転倒」「桂太郎内閣に国民や軍隊は売られた」「小村許し難し」などと書かれるほどであった。
English: Besides, Prime Minister Taro KATSURA and Minister of the Navy Gombei YAMAMOTO seemed to be ready for being killed by bombs along with KOMURA if it happened, so they walked putting KOMURA between them after they welcomed him at Shimbashi Station.
Japanese: また、首相の桂太郎と海相の山本権兵衛は小村を新橋駅に出迎え両脇を挟む様に歩き、爆弾等を浴びせられた場合は共に倒れる覚悟であったという。
English: People who had been suffered from the tax increase to compensate the expenditure for the prolonged war increased their dissatisfaction with the peace treaty which didn't bring them any reparations.
Japanese: 長きにわたる戦争で戦費による増税に苦しんできた国民にとって、賠償金が取れなかった講和条約に対する不満が高まった。
English: Because of this, a rally took place in different places of the country such as the public hall in Osaka City on September 3, to stand against the peace treaty and call for continueing the war.
Japanese: このため、9月3日に大阪市公会堂をはじめとする全国各地で講和条約反対と戦争継続を唱える集会が開かれたのである。
English: The details of their demands were extreme such as 'the punishment of all the cabinet members, the abrogation of the peace treaty and the continuation of the war with Russia'.
Japanese: その内容は、「閣僚と元老を全て処分し、講和条約を破棄してロシアとの戦争継続を求める」という過激なものであった。
English: On September 5, another rally took place by the people who called for abrogating the peace treaty in Hibiya Park in Tokyo.
Japanese: 9月5日、東京日比谷公園でも講和条約反対を唱える民衆による決起集会が開かれた。
English: Then, the people who finally turned into a mob by rage caused Hibiya Incendiary Incident.
Japanese: そして、遂に怒りで暴走した民衆たちによって日比谷焼打事件が始まったのである。
English: The people who turned into a mob attacked and distracted the official residence of Minister of Home Affairs, Kokumin Shinbunsya, police stations and so on.
Japanese: 暴徒化した民衆は内務大臣(日本)官邸、国民新聞社、交番などを襲って破壊した。
English: At that time, St. Nicholas Church and the related facilities were also targetted and about to be burned out because of the deep relationship between Japan Orthodox Church and Russia, but it was saved by the defence of the Imperial Guards.
Japanese: この時、日本正教会がロシアと関係が深かった事から、ニコライ堂とその関連施設も標的になりあわや焼かれる寸前であったが、近衛兵などの護衛により難を逃れた。
English: Due to this, Tokyo was put in a state of anarchy, and on September 6, Japanese Government proclaimed martial law (administrative martial law by an emergency imperial edict) and the disturbance finally calmed down. (The martial law was abolished on November 29.)
Japanese: これにより東京は無政府状態となり、翌9月6日、日本政府は戒厳令（緊急勅令による行政戒厳）を敷くことでようやくこの騒動を治めたのである（戒厳令廃止は11月29日）。
English: In this disturbance, 17 people died, over 500 people got injured and over 2000 people were arrested (including 87 people adjudicated guilty).
Japanese: この騒動により、死者は17名、負傷者は500名以上、検挙者は2000名以上（このうち有罪となったのは87名）にも上った。
English: For your information, this kind of rally calling for abrogating the peace treaty took place in various places, and a revolt occurred in Kobe on September 7 and in Yokohama on September 12 as well.
Japanese: なお、各地で講和反対の大会が開かれ、神戸（9月7日）、横浜（9月12日）でも暴動が起こった。
English: It can be considered that, in the background of this incident, there was a people's (and media's, especially, news companies') anticipation that the war could bring a huge fortune if win, inspired by earlier Sino-Japanese War from which Japan had gained reparations much enough to compensate the war expenditure.
Japanese: この事件の背景として、これに先立つ日清戦争での戦費負担を補って大いにあまりある賠償金獲得により「戦争は勝てば儲かる」という発想が民衆（および新聞社以下マスコミ）にあったと考えられる。
English: Anyway, it was likely true that such people's thought later helped the Japanese army's surge.
Japanese: いずれにせよ、こうした民衆の姿勢がその後の軍部躍進の一助となった可能性はあるだろう。
English: In the newspapers of the times, there were a lot of articles likely supporting the military action, telling that the Russo-Japanese War could increase the income.
Japanese: 当時の新聞報道にも、日露戦争を起こすことで収益が上がると軍事行動を支援するような論説が多々見られた。
English: Some people say the anti-governmental political party which organized the rally might have agitated the people, but the other people say that people were too much excited to be controled any longer.
Japanese: 集会を主催した反政府の政党が群集を煽ったのではないか、という見方もあるが、一方、余りの群集の興奮ぶりに収拾出来なくなったとの説もある。
English: People's repellence couldn't calm down even after the revolt was suppressed, so Prime Minister Taro KATSURA secretly had a meeting with Kinmochi SAIONJI, Leader of the Rikken seiyukai, to discuss about the relief program.
Japanese: 暴動収拾後も人々の反発は収まらず、桂太郎首相は立憲政友会を率いる西園寺公望と密かに会談を持って収拾策を話し合った。
English: In this concequence, the First Katsura Cabinet resigned in a body in January of the following year, instead, the First Saionji Cabinet was formed.
Japanese: この結果、翌年1月に第1次桂内閣は総辞職して代わりに第1次西園寺内閣が成立した。
English: SAIONJI and the new Minister of Home Affairs (Japan), Takashi HARA refused the anti-governmental side's demand for the punishment of the persons concerned with the martial law, and thus tried to put an end to the incident.
Japanese: 西園寺や新内務大臣(日本)原敬は反政府側から出された戒厳令関係者の処分要求を拒絶して、事件の幕引きを図ったのである。