nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Nakachojamachi-dori Street is one of the streets running from east to west in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 中長者町通（なかちょうじゃまちどり）は京都市上京区の東西の通りの一つ。
English: The area along Nakachojamachi-dori Street which is located off the arterial highway and slightly in the west of the Kyoto Gyoen National Garden is a central part of an urban area where stores, offices and housings coexist.
Japanese: 京都御苑からやや西に幹線道路を入った、市街地中心部の商店、事務所、住宅の混在する地域である。
English: In 796 or 770, Kurama-dera Temple was established in the middle of the south slope of Mt. Kurama, with Bishamonten (Vaisravana) as the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple).
Japanese: 延暦15年（796年）、あるいは宝亀元年（770年）には、鞍馬山の南中腹に毘沙門天を本尊とした鞍馬寺が創建された。
English: It is also the place where Ushiwakamaru (later MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) trained, and therefore, he is also known as 'Kurama Tengu' (a long-nosed goblin).
Japanese: また、牛若丸（後の源義経）の修行の地であり、「鞍馬天狗」で知られている。
English: According to this, 'Kurabu,' the pronunciation of '暗部(闇部)' which means a dark part, changed into 'Kurama' (鞍馬).
Japanese: 暗い場所を意味する「暗部（闇部）(読み、くらぶ)」の読みが鞍馬に転じたとする説である。
English: In many books concerning poetry, such as 'Waka Shogakusho' (basics of Japanese "waka" poetry) and 'Godaishu Utamakura,' it is said that 'Kurabu-yama' (Mt. Kurabu) is located in Yamashiro Province, but its exact location is not identified.
Japanese: 「和歌初学抄」、「五代集歌枕」など多くの歌学書では、「くらぶ山」は山城国の山であるとはしているものの、その具体的な場所を特定していない。
English: In these books on poetry, 'Kurabu-yama' and 'Kurama-yama' are handled as different utamakura.
Japanese: これらの歌学書では、「くらぶ山」と「くらま山」をそれぞれ別の歌枕として扱っている。
English: ARIWARA no Motokata and KI no Tsurayuki composed poems with 'Kurabu-yama' used as an utamakura, and are included in 'Kokin Wakashu' (the first anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command).
Japanese: 在原元方、紀貫之らの歌人が「くらぶ山」を歌枕として詠み、それらは「古今和歌集」に収められている。
English: Similarly, poets, such as Anpo Hoshi, composed poems using 'Kurama-yama' as an utamakura, and are included in 'Shui Wakashu' (the third anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command).
Japanese: 同様に、安法法師らの歌人が「くらま山」を歌枕として詠み、これは「拾遺和歌集」に収められている。
English: When paying attention to Mt. Kurabu as an area name in modern times, it is said in 'Miyako-kagetsu-meisho' (Beauty spots of cherry blossom and moon-viewing) that Mt. Kurabu indicates Mt. Kurama, but it is also said in 'Miyako-meisho-ezu' (Pictures of beauty spots in the capital) and in 'Yamashiro-meisho-shi' (books describing various aspects of Yamashiro Province) that Mt. Kurabu indicates Mt. Kibune located in the west side of Mt. Kurama.
Japanese: 近世における地名としての暗部山に目を向けると、「都花月名所」では暗部山は鞍馬山のことであるとしているが、「都名所圖會」、「山城名勝志」などでは、鞍馬山の西に位置する貴船山が暗部山のことであるとしている。
English: In 'Yoshu-shoshi' (another book describing various aspects of Yamashiro Province), it holds first that Mt. Kurabu indicates Mt. Kibune, but it also offers another opinion that Mt. Kurama is Mt. Kurabu.
Japanese: 「雍州府志」では、暗部山は貴船山のことであるという説を先に挙げながらも、鞍馬山を暗部山とする説もあるとしている。
English: Because of these contradictions, it cannot be definitively said that Mt. Kurabu indicates Mt. Kurama.
Japanese: このような混同が見られ、地名としての暗部山も鞍馬山のことを指しているとは断定できない。
English: It is said that the present honzon of Kurama-dera Temple or Sanat Kumara descended to this mountain.
Japanese: 鞍馬寺の現在の本尊である鞍馬寺本尊、または、サナート・クマラが降り立った地であると言い伝えられている。
English: Since Kurama-dera Temple and Mt. Kurama are closely related, it sometimes happens that Mt. Kurama is used to indicate Kurama-dera Temple.
Japanese: 鞍馬寺と鞍馬山は密接な関係にあり、「鞍馬山」と言った場合、鞍馬寺を指していることも多い。
English: Mt. Otowa exists in the boundary between Otsu City of Shiga prefecture and Yamashina Ward of Kyoto Prefecture, and is the highest mountain in Yamashina Ward.
Japanese: 音羽山（おとわやま）は、滋賀県大津市と京都府京都市山科区の境界に所在する山で、山科区の最高峰である。
English: It is located in eastern Yamashina Basin and southwest of Lake Biwa, with Mt. Osaka to the north and many mountains in the southern area of Daigo.
Japanese: 山科盆地の東、琵琶湖の南西に位置し、北には逢坂山、南には醍醐の山々が連なる。
English: Due to its being located at a boundary between Omi Province and Yamashiro Province, the area between this mountain and Mt. Osaka was a strategic point for transportation.
Japanese: 近江国と山城国の国境を形成していたことから、逢坂山との山間は古くより交通の要所となっていた。
English: Hogon-ji Temple (Ushio Kannon) was established at Mt. Ushio, which is a branch peak of Mt. Otowa; Mt. Otowa became a place of interest after the temple became a popular for worship.
Japanese: 音羽山の支峰である牛尾山には法厳寺（牛尾観音）が創建され、同寺に対する信仰が広まるにつれ、音羽山も名所として知られていくこととなった。
English: Of the three 'Otowa-no-taki Falls' said to have been in Kyoto, 'Ushio-no-Otowa' has been identified as a fall of Yamashina-Otowa-gawa River, which flows along the west foot of Mt. Otowa.
Japanese: また、京都に三ヶ所所在したとされる「音羽の滝」のうち、「牛尾の音羽」については音羽山の西腹を流れる山科音羽川の滝と比定されている。
English: Today, since the Tokai-shizen-hodo (Tokai walking path full of nature) runs through the mountain and the view from the mountain top is beautiful, many hikers visit this mountain all year round.
Japanese: 現代では東海自然歩道が山中を通過しており、また山頂からの展望も良いことから、一年を通じてハイカーが多い。
English: From the Otsu City side, the mountain can be climbed from Ishiyama-dera Temple via the Tokai-shizen-hodo, from the Yamashina Basin side, via Ushio kannon, and from the Mt. Osaka side, via the Tokai-shizen-hodo.
Japanese: 登山道としては、大津市側の石山寺から東海自然歩道を経て登る、山科盆地側から牛尾観音を経て登る、逢坂山側から東海自然歩道を経て登る、などがある。
English: A tunnel for Tokaido Shinkansen (a Japanese bullet train line) passes directly under the mountain top and the Keihan Keishin Line runs between this mountain and Mt. Osaka.
Japanese: 山頂直下を東海道新幹線のトンネルが通じており、逢坂山との山間部には京阪京津線が通じている。
English: The Tokai-shizen-hodo, which passes through this mountain, connects the Ishiyama-dera Temple side in the east to the mountain top and to the Mt. Osaka side in the north.
Japanese: 東海自然歩道が山中を通じており、東の石山寺方面から山頂付近、北の逢坂山方面を接続する。
English: The Tango-Amanohashidate-Oeyama Quasi-National Park consists of the three areas of 'the seashore area of the Tango peninsula,' which covers the area from Kyotango City of Kyoto Prefecture to the right-side shore of the estuary of Yura-gawa River in Maizuru City, of 'the Seya highland area,' an inland area of the Tango peninsula, and of 'the Oe-yama mountain range area' centered on the former Oe-cho area of Fukuchiyama City.
Japanese: 丹後天橋立大江山国定公園（たんごあまのはしだておおえやまこくていこうえん）は、京都府京丹後市から京都府舞鶴市の由良川河口右岸に至る「丹後半島海岸地区」及び、丹後半島内陸部の「世屋高原地区」、福知山市の旧大江町地域を中心とした「大江山連峰地区」の3地区で構成された国定公園。
English: On August 3, 2007, this park was newly established by separating the seashore area of the Tango peninsula from the Wakasa Bay Quasi-National Park and by additionally designating the other two areas described above.
Japanese: 2007年8月3日に若狭湾国定公園から丹後半島海岸地区を独立させ、他の2地区を追加指定する形で新設された。
English: The total land space is approx. 19,023 ha, of which 3,762 ha have been separated from the Wakasa Bay Quasi-National Park
Japanese: 総面積は約19,023ヘクタールで、うち3,762ヘクタールは若狭湾国定公園から分離した部分である。
English: Along the seashore of the Tango peninsular facing Japan Sea, this park includes Amanohashidate, one of the three most beautiful viewing sites in Japan, Funaya-gun (boat houses) in Ine and Kotohiki-hama Beach famous for naki-suna (the sand that makes sound when treaded on it).
Japanese: 日本海に面した丹後半島沿岸では、日本三景のひとつ天橋立や、伊根の舟屋群、鳴き砂で知られる琴引浜などがある。
English: The inland Seya highland area contains one of the largest Japanese beech forests in the Kinki region while Mt. Oe is famous for legends about ogres.
Japanese: 内陸部の世屋高原には近畿有数のブナ林が広がり、大江山は鬼伝説で知られる。
English: August 3, 2007: This park was newly established by separating part of the Wakasa Bay Quasi-National Park and by adding new areas to the separated one.
Japanese: 2007年8月3日若狭湾国定公園から分離した部分に、新たな地域を加えた上で新設。
English: By train: Get off at Mineyama Station on the Kitakinki Tango Railway, transfer to the Tango Kairiku Kotsu Bus, get off at Kyoso and walk for five minutes.
Japanese: 鉄道：北近畿タンゴ鉄道峰山駅下車、丹後海陸交通バスに乗り換え、久僧下車、徒歩5分。
English: By car: Drive along Prefectural Route 9 from the Miyazu-Amanohashidate Interchange of Kyoto Longitudinal Expressway (an expressway running through Kyoto Prefecture in the north-south direction) for two kilometers to the north, turn to the left, drive along National Route 176 for 4.5 km to the west, turn to the right in front of Iwatakiguchi Station, then drive further along National Route 178 for thirty-five km to the north and turn to the left at the Kyuso crossing.
Japanese: 自動車：京都縦貫自動車道宮津天橋立インターチェンジから府道9号線を北に2kmを左折、国道176号を4.5km西進し岩滝口駅前を右折、さらに国道178号を北へ35km走り、久僧交差点を左折。
English: Ukawa Onsen, Yoshino no Sato' is the only facility for overnight and daytrip stays.
Japanese: 日帰り入浴施設兼宿泊施設である、「宇川温泉よし野の里」のみが存在する。
English: You can enjoy a panoramic view of the Japan Sea from an open-air bathtub on the hill, and in particular, the sunset is known as being particularly beautiful.
Japanese: 高台の露天風呂から日本海が一望でき、美しい夕日が望めることで知られる。
English: Bathing facilities for customers visiting the hot spring for only the day are elaborate; for example, the indoor baths are made of natural wood with the Japan Sea viewable, and bamboo forests can be seen from the outdoor baths.
Japanese: 日帰り入浴施設の浴場は天然木をふんだんに使った内湯や日本海や竹林を望む露天風呂など意匠性が高い。
English: Two baths, known as 'Ryugu' (assuming a hot spring in the sea) and 'Kaguya' (assuming a hot spring in the mountain) are provided, with use switched daily for male or female customers, but 'Ryugu' is particularly popular, because it allows a breathlessly beautiful sunset.
Japanese: 浴場は”海の温泉「竜宮」”ならびに”山の温泉「香具夜」があり、日替わりで男湯と女湯が入れかわるが、特に露天風呂から息をのむほど美しい夕日が望める”海の温泉「竜宮」”は人気を呼んでいる。
English: After paying the entrance fee to the bath facility, you may enjoy the hot spring any number of times upon presenting the fare receipt while in the facility.
Japanese: 入浴レシートを提示すれば、館内滞在中であれば1度の入浴料金を払うことで何度でも温泉に入ることができる。
English: Aoshima Island is an island located within the Ine bay, 340 m from one side of the main land of Ine-cho, Yosa-gun, Kyoto Prefecture and 120 m from the other side of the main land.
Japanese: 青島（あおしま）は、京都府与謝郡伊根町の大間口340メートル、小間口120メートルを隔てて、伊根湾内に浮かぶ島。
English: It is 480 m in the east-west direction and 200 m in the north-south direction, with its highest point reaching an altitude of 48.3 m.
Japanese: 東西480メートル、南北200メートル、標高は最高点で48,3メートルとなっている。
English: Aoshima Island is worshipped as "a secret island" not only by fishermen in the Ine bay but also those in the areas along the Tango seashore.
Japanese: 青島は伊根浦だけでなく、丹後海沿岸地域の漁民にとって、“聖なる島”、信仰の対象とされている。
English: This is because the Ebisu-jinja Shrine, worshipped by fishermen and other sea faring folk is located there.
Japanese: これは漁民・海洋関係者の信仰の対象である蛭子神社が祭られていることにある。
English: In the past, Benzaiten, one of the Shichifukujin (seven deities of good luck) said to bring happiness, knowledge and financial benefits, was also located there, but was moved to a place below Atago-jinja Shrine in Shiroyama (the Mimihana area) on the main land area facing this island.
Japanese: 以前は、幸福・知恵・財福をもたらす七福神の弁財天が祭られていたが現在は、対岸の城山（耳鼻地区）の愛宕神社の下に移築されている。
English: In addition, graves were located here until around the middle of the Showa period; this fact also helped place and form the status and characteristics of this island.
Japanese: 加えて、昭和中期までは墓所も存在していたため、余計にこうした島の位置づけ・性格が形成・定着していくこととなった。
English: This island was procured by the former Japanese navy for national defense, and also used as a base for firing torpedoes from the Taisho to the Showa period.
Japanese: 大正から昭和に掛けては、国防上の要衝として旧海軍に買い上げられ、魚雷発射基地にもなった。
English: Persons who can be counted as islanders are few and include only the priest of the shrine and persons related to the souvenir shops.
Japanese: 島民と呼べる人々は、神社の神主や土産物店の関係者など一部であり、僅少。
English: On the other hand, being located in less than 200 m from the main land, the island can be easily reached by rubber boats and has become a big fishing site.
Japanese: その反面、陸から200mもないので素人のゴムボートですら渡船が容易であり、一大釣りスポットと化している。
English: In addition to the basic species of Japanese black porgies, largescale black fish and blow fish, the area harbors migratory fish such as Japanese amberjacks and striped jacks, with some sea breams and squid as well.
Japanese: 対象魚は、クロダイやメジナ、フグといった磯ものの定番のほか、ブリやシマアジなどの回遊もあり、鯛やイカも期待できる。
English: Since each of them is described as 音羽の滝 (Otowa-no-taki Fall) in historical documents, much confusion exists over which waterfalls are being referred to.
Japanese: 史料においてはいずれも「音羽の滝」と表記されることもあり、一部で混同が見られる。
English: Otowa-no-taki Fall (Kiyomizu-dera Temple): This is identified as the present Otowa-no-taki Fall located in Kiyomizu-dera Temple placed in the middle of the western slope of Mt. Kiyomizu in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 音羽の滝(清水寺)-現在の京都市東山区、清水山西中腹、清水寺に所在する音羽の滝と比定されている。
English: Otowa-no-taki Fall (in Mt. Otowa in Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture): This is identified as the present Otowa-no-taki Fall in the Yamashina-Otowa-gawa River flowing through the middle part of the western slope of Mt. Otowa (in Shiga prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture) located in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City.
Japanese: 音羽の滝(音羽山(滋賀県・京都府))-現在の京都市山科区、音羽山(滋賀県・京都府)西中腹を流れる山科音羽川に所在する音羽の滝と比定されている。
English: Otowa-no-taki Fall (Takano-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture)): This fall was said to have existed in the Otowa-gawa River flowing through the middle part of the western slope of Mt. Hiei in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City but the site has become a sand control dam.
Japanese: 音羽の滝(高野川(京都市))-現在の京都市左京区、比叡山西中腹を流れる音羽川に所在したとされるが、現在では砂防ダムとなっている。
English: Kirara-zaka Slope indicates the old road to the top of Mt. Hiei from the side of Shugakuin Rikyu (the Shugakuin imperial villa) in Shugakuin, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, and is also a road used by the ascetics who practiced Sennichi-kaihogyo (a practice of walking around the mountain while paying visits to various sacred places for 1,000 day in total).
Japanese: 雲母坂（きららざか）は、京都市左京区修学院の修学院離宮脇より、比叡山の山頂に至る古道であり、また、延暦寺千日回峰行の行者道でもある。
English: At present, this path is known as Kirara-zaka Slope, but there are other theories which say that Kirara-zaka Slope indicates Manshuin-michi Road (the portion of the Takano Shugakuin-Yamabana Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 104), which was also a road used by the ascetics, in Ichijo-ji, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City or the road approaching Manju-in Temple.
Japanese: 現在ではこの登山道が雲母坂として知られているが、具体的場所については同じくこの行者道の一部であった京都市左京区一乗寺(京都市)の曼殊院道（京都府道104号高野修学院山端線部分）や、曼殊院参道とする説などもある。
English: The reason why the name of the slope is Kirara is said to be due to the inclusion of cracked granite, which includes Kirara (雲母: mica), but other theories exist as well.
Japanese: 坂の名である「雲母」の由縁は、この山道が花崗岩の砕けた地質であり、土砂中に雲母が含まれていることによる、とされるが、異説もある。
English: To reach the present path up the mountain, walk toward the mountain side from the east from Shugakuin Station on the Eizan Line of Eizan Electric Railway or from the Shugakuin Rikyu-michi Road bus stop of Kyoto City Bus, and then climb along the Otowa-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 現在のこの登山道への経路は、叡山電鉄叡山本線修学院駅または京都市バス修学院離宮道より東方の山側に向かい、音羽川(京都府)に沿った道を登る。
English: A stone monument related to Shinran (a famous priest in the Kamakura period) is placed there, and the area around it has become a park to show how to prevent disaster in the Otowa-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture).
Japanese: 現在では親鸞ゆかりの石碑が立ち、音羽川(京都府)の防災の仕組を示した公園になっている。
English: While the entrance to the path can be reached while wearing ordinary attire, it should be noted that the surrounding area is not paved and full of many small stones.
Japanese: なお登山口までは通常の服装でも行けるが、登山口近くは舗装されて居ない小石のゴロゴロした道であることは注意を要する。
English: After passing "Mizunomi-taizin-no-ato (a historical battle site)," the area opens up to beautiful scenery before soon arriving at Cable Hiei Station of Keifuku Electric Railroad Kosaku Line.
Japanese: 水飲対陣跡を過ぎれば、眺望も開け、やがて、京福電気鉄道鋼索線のケーブル比叡駅に到着する。
English: To visit Manshuin-michi Road, another alternative to the actual Kirara-zaka Slope, walk to the east (in the direction of the mountain) from Ichijoji Station on the Eizan Line of Eizan Electric Railway or from the Ichijoji-Sagari-Matsucho bus stop of Kyoto City Bus and turn left in front of Ichijoji-Sagari-Matsu.
Japanese: 上記異説の坂のある曼殊院道を辿るのであれば叡山電鉄叡山本線一乗寺駅または京都市バス・京都バス一条寺下り松町バス停より東（山側）に向かい一条寺下り松の前を左に折れる。
English: Walk further, and you will reach a fork in the road; take the road on the right, and walk straight ahead; keep the woods of Saginomori-jinja Shrine on the left, and cross a small river again to reach the second alternative slope
Japanese: さらに先、2又に分かれる道を右側に進み、鷺の森神社の森を左手に見て、また小さな川を渡った先の坂が2つ目の異説の坂である。
English: Turn to the left on the road uphill in front of Manshu-in Temple, walk along the road, which allows you to look down the Shugakuin area, up to a mansion where the road turns to the left, walk down the slope beside the wall of the mansion, as if approaching the front side of the mansion, and you will reach a road along the Otowa-gawa River.
Japanese: 坂を登り曼殊院の前を左に折れ、修学院の町並を見下ろすように進むと屋敷に突き当たり道は左側に折れるが、その塀の横の坂を正面方向に下れば音羽川沿いに出る。
English: Since 埠 in 埠頭 is not included in the Chinese characters designated for everyday use, the characters 前島ふ頭 instead of 前島埠頭 are sometimes used, for example, on signboards.
Japanese: 埠頭の埠の字が常用漢字に含まれないため、看板などには「前島ふ頭」と記されている事もある。
English: Maizuru Port was developed as the main port for the Kinki region on the Japan Sea side, and a long-distance direct ferry route has operated since 1970 between this port and Otaru Port in Otaru City, Hokkaido Prefecture.
Japanese: 舞鶴港は近畿地方の日本海側における玄関港として発展した港湾で、1970年（昭和45年）より北海道小樽市の小樽港とを直結する長距離フェリー航路が開設されている。
English: Initially, the ferry arrived at and departed from Maizuru-Nishi Port (Maizuru West Port); Maejima Wharf was constructed in Maizuru-Higashi Port (Maizuru East Port) in 1990 as a core wharf for domestic trade and to cope with increased transportation occurring in Maizuru-Nishi Port.
Japanese: 当初は舞鶴西港に発着していたが、増大する輸送力に対応するため、1990年（平成2年）舞鶴東港に国内貿易の拠点埠頭として整備されたのが、前島埠頭である。
English: At present, large ferries voyage seven times a week between Maizuru Port and Otaru Port, acting as a focal point between the Kinki region and Hokkaido.
Japanese: 現在、舞鶴港と小樽港を結ぶ大型フェリーが週7便、就航しており、近畿と北海道を結ぶ大動脈として利用されている。
English: The quay on the south side is provided with an earthquake-proof structure, enabling goods to be transported during emergencies.
Japanese: また南側岸壁は耐震構造を備えており、非常時の物資輸送にも対応できるようになっている。
English: Using the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway: approx. seven km from the Maizuru Higashi Interchange via National Route 27
Japanese: 舞鶴若狭自動車道・舞鶴東インターチェンジから国道27号経由で約7km。
English: Use of the Maizuru Line of West Japan Railway Company: approx. 2.3 km from (the north entrance of) Higashi Maizuru Station (approx. seven minutes by taxi)
Japanese: 西日本旅客鉄道舞鶴線・東舞鶴駅（北口）より約2.3km（タクシーで約7分）
English: It is recorded that, when visiting the Hokuriku area from the capital to preach, Rennyo Shonin (a famous priest of Jodo-shu Sect in the Muromachi period) used a road that passed this village, and made many villagers in villages along the road changed their religious sects from Shingon-shu Sect or Nichiren-shu Sect to his Jodoshin-shu Sect.
Japanese: 蓮如上人が京より北陸へ布教をする際、当村を含む街道を通り、村々を真言宗・日蓮宗等から改宗させたと記録されている。
English: In the shoya (village headman) residence in this village, there still remains a document in the Oshio Heihachiro-no-ran (the rebellion of Oshio Heihachiro), which was issued and distributed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to arrest him.
Japanese: 当村の庄屋末裔の屋敷には大塩平八郎の乱で、平八郎を幕府が手配した際に出した文書が残っている。
English: It is said that, when adjacent village of Kukigasaka-mura (九鬼ヶ坂村) was destroyed by a big fire in the Edo period, the village inherited the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple) of the temple in Kukigasaka-mura and the village of Kamihiraya-mura the land of the Kukigasaka-mura.
Japanese: 江戸時代の大火で隣村の九鬼ヶ坂村が全滅し、その際に寺院の本尊を当村が、土地を上平屋村が譲り受けたという。
English: On April 1, 1889 when the City-town-village system was enforced, the villages of Shimohiraya, Kamihiraya, Agake, Nozoe and Nagano (Kyoto Prefecture) merged into Hiraya village.
Japanese: 1889年4月1日の市制、町村制施行に伴い下平屋・上平屋・安掛・野添・長尾(京都府)等と統合、平屋村となる。
English: The former elementary school of this village originated in the terakoya (temple school) at Saijo-ji Temple in this village, which is related to Shinshu Honbyo Temple (Higashi Hongan-ji Temple of the Otani school of Shin-shu Sect), and the priest of Saijo-ji Temple assumed the post of the first schoolmaster after it was converted to a public school.
Japanese: 当村の前身の小学校は当地の真宗本廟（東本願寺系・真宗大谷派）西乗寺の寺子屋が発祥で、公立化後の初代校長には西乗寺の住職が就任した。
English: Shimohiraya is the first community found along the Sonobe Hiraya Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 19 when driving along the road from Kamihiraya to Sonobe-cho.
Japanese: 上平屋から園部町へ向かう京都府道19号園部平屋線（京都府道19号線）沿道にある最初の集落。
English: "Kokufu" is a place and city at which facilities were established for Kokushi (provincial governors in the nation's governing system in old days) to administer governmental affairs during the Nara and Heian periods.
Japanese: 国府（こくふ）は、日本の奈良時代から平安時代に、令制国の国司が政務を執る施設が置かれた場所や都市を指す。
English: The facilities where the Kokushi administered the government affairs were called "Kokucho" under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), whose surroundings were squarely demarcated by a fence or other means.
Japanese: 律令制において、国司が政務を執った施設を国庁といい、国庁の周囲は塀などによって方形に区画されていた。
English: The building where government affairs were mainly carried out was called "Seicho" (government office) in the province under the Ritsuryo system, county and "Josaku" (government office with defense system), therefore, Kokucho was often called Seicho as well.
Japanese: 令制国、郡、城柵で政務の中心となる建物をまとめて政庁というので、国庁もしばしば政庁と呼ばれる。
English: Kokucho and the surrounding government offices as well as its urban area were collectively called Kokuga or Kokufu.
Japanese: 国庁とその周りの役所群、都市域を総称して国衙（こくが）、国府という。
English: At present, the word "Kokuga" is sometimes used for the government offices only, as well as "Kokufu" for urban areas in historical study.
Japanese: 現在は役所群のほうを国衙、都市のほうを国府と分けて用いることもある。
English: Historically, the word "Kokufu" spread earlier than "Kokuga," therefore the word "Kokufu" was mainly used in the eighth century, while "Kokuga" was mainly used after the late Heian period.
Japanese: 歴史的には国府の方が先行し、8世紀にはもっぱら国府という言葉が用いられ、平安時代後期以降に国衙が一般的になった。
English: Kokucho built in a square lot was usually equipped with three buildings in the north, east and west, which was called "Seiden," "Higashi-wakiden" (palace located on the east side) and "Nishi-wakiden" (palace located on the west side) in that order, as well as a main gate in the south, all of which surrounded a square courtyard.
Japanese: 方形の区画の中に中庭を囲んで正殿、東脇殿、西脇殿を冂字形に配置し、南に正門を持つ。
English: In the Kokufu with the most sophisticated appearance, intersecting roads running north to south and east to west--the former started at the main gate of Kokucho--were the main streets.
Japanese: 外形上もっとも整備された形では、南門から出る南北道と、これと交差する東西道が中心街路をなす。
English: There was no border between the inside and outside of Kokufu except the case that Kokufu was established at Josaku.
Japanese: 国府の内と外を区分する外郭線は、国府が城柵に置かれたような例外を除き、ない。
English: Kokushi originally administered the government affairs at Kokucho, although the center of the administration was shifted to Kokushi-kan after the mid Heian period.
Japanese: もと国司は国庁で政務をとったが、平安時代中期以降、国司館が政務の中心になった。
English: In spite of the custom that "Shoso" (warehouse) was established in the site of Kokufu, most Shoso in the local area were established at "Gunke" (municipal government office in a county) in the Nara period, because the county played an important role in collecting taxes.
Japanese: 国府には正倉が付属するが、奈良時代には徴税実務上郡の重要性が大きく、地方の正倉は大部分郡家にあった。
English: Moreover, there was also a workshop in Kokufu, where choyobutsu (national tax) for the central government was produced in compliance with the requests of officers working at the Kokufu.
Japanese: また工房があって、国府勤務の官人の需要に応じ、都に送る調庸物を生産した。
English: A provincial monastery and provincial nunnery had officially been built by each province since 741, however some provinces had already built their own temple having a collusive relationship with "Kokufu."
Japanese: 741年（天平13年）以降、国ごとに国分寺と国分尼寺が建てられることになったが、それ以前から国府機能と密着した付属寺院を持つ国もあった。
English: In addition to Kokushi, there were various staff such as Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents), Kunihakase (teacher of Japanese classical literature), Kuniishi (local governmental doctor) and Yocho (laborer), whose numbers reached several dozens for small provinces and several hundreds for large province.
Japanese: 国府には国司の他、史生、国博士、国医師、徭丁などの職員が勤務しており、小国で数十人、大国では数百人の人数規模だった。