nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Kamununakawamimi became Emperor Suizei, but there are no records of the 8 emperors after Emperor Suizei.
Japanese: カムヌナカワミミは綏靖天皇となるが、綏靖天皇以下の8代の天皇の事跡は伝わっていない。
English: Until the Edo period, "Nihon Shoki" was highly valued because it contained the official history edited by the government, but "The Kojiki" was not.
Japanese: 江戸時代までは官選の正史として記述された『日本書紀』の方が重要視され、『古事記』はあまり重視されていなかった。
English: With the development of studies on Japanese classical literature, such as Norinaga MOTOORI's "Kojikiden,"since the mid-Edo period, "The Kojiki,"became more highly regarded because it is older than "Nihon Shoki," and written not only in classical Chinese character text but also with Japanese words.
Japanese: 江戸中期以降、本居宣長の『古事記伝』など国学の発展によって、『日本書紀』よりも古く、かつ漢文だけでなく日本の言葉も混ぜて書かれた『古事記』の方が重視されるようになり、現在に至っている。
English: After the Meiji period, descriptions in Japanese mythology were considered as the divine truth due to Kokoku shikan, and the study of mythology regressed even further.
Japanese: 明治以降は皇国史観によって日本神話の記述が神聖視され、神話研究はそれ以前よりも後退することとなった。
English: During the Taisho period, Sokichi TSUDA published "Shindaishi no atarashii kenkyu" (New Research in the History of the Divine Age) and other works, in which he criticized the Japanese mythology from scientific view point, and concluded that Shindaiki (Records of the Age of the Gods) was a creation with a political intent.
Japanese: 大正時代に津田左右吉が『神代史の新しい研究』ほかを発表し、日本神話に科学的な観点から批評をおこない、神代記は政治的な意図で作られた創作であると結論づけた。
English: He was oppressed by being charged for defamation against royalty before the Second World War, but he drew attention after the war, and TSUDA's theory became the center of the study of Japanese mythology for a while.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦前は不敬罪として弾圧されたが、戦後になって注目され、しばらくの間、津田の説が日本神話研究の中心となった。
English: Nowadays, the fine details of the Tsuda theory are not always considered to be correct, but the approach that views Japanese mythology as a reflection of historical facts from the Yayoi to the Tumulus periods without archeological proof, is basically avoided.
Japanese: 現在では津田説が細部まで正しいとは必ずしも考えられてはいないが、日本神話を考古学などの証拠なく弥生・古墳時代の史的事実の反映と考える説は基本的に退けられている。
English: Even though an extensive amount of intentional alterations and fictions were added, the main approach in the modern day is to observe the cultural background, and bring focus to these ancient people who viewed the world in this fashio.
Japanese: 今日では意図的な改変や創作がかなり加えられてはいるが、そのようなものの見方をする古代の人たちがいたことに注目する文化的背景を考察する考え方が主流となっている。
English: Among Japanese mythology, there exist many myths that are noted for being similar to other mythologies.
Japanese: 日本神話の中には他の神話との関連性を指摘されているものが多く存在する。
English: It is said that many similarities can be seen in Greek mythology, such as Orpheus going to the underworld just as Izanagi went to the underworld, and plants and flowers withering when Demeter and Amaterasu hid themselves (god of death and regeneration).
Japanese: ギリシャ神話におけるオルフェウスの黄泉の国行きと伊弉諾尊の黄泉の国行き、デメテルと天照大神が隠れると草花が枯れるなど多くの類似点がみられるといわれている（→死と再生の神）。
English: Apollo's raven, yatagarasu (large, Japanese mythological crow) and Chinese kinu (crow) are all servants of sun gods, and similarities have been pointed out such as the birds being originally white in color, and constellation Corvus (crow) is depicted with 3 legs in some star charts (according to one view the pattern of the sun spots is said to be the origin of the three-legged crow).
Japanese: アポロンのカラスと八咫烏、中国の金烏は何れも太陽神の使い、元は白い、星図によっては烏座が3本足のものもあるなど類似性を指摘されている（3本足のカラスについては一説には太陽黒点の図形が起源ともいわれている）。
English: There is a theory that states that there is a similarity between the legend of Alexander the Great and Emperor Jinmu's expedition.
Japanese: アレクサンドロス3世の説話と神武天皇の遠征と類似しているという説もある。
English: Izanami and Izanagi were siblings, but myths that have the first man and the first woman, who are the ancestors of human beings, as siblings can be found widely from South Asia to Polynesia.
Japanese: イザナギとイザナミは兄妹であるが、人類の始祖たる男女が兄妹であったとする神話は南アジアからポリネシアにかけて広くみられる。
English: Izanami was 'the first mortal to die' and she became 'the goddess that rules the underworld,' but stories in which 'the first mortal to die' becomes 'the god who rules the underworld' can be seen in Osiris of Ancient Egypt and in Yama of India.
Japanese: イザナミは「最初の死人」となり「死の国を支配する神」となったが、「最初の死人」が「死の国を支配する神」となる話は古代エジプトのオシリスやインドのヤマなどにみられる。
English: As an example of a story similar to that of how Amaterasu (sun) was born when Izanagi washed his left eye and how Tsukiyomi (moon) was born when he washed his right eye at a purification ritual in Tsukushi, Hyuga after he came back from the underworld, there is a story in Chinese mythology, in which the left eye became the sun and the right eye became the moon from Creator Pangu's corpse.
Japanese: イザナギが黄泉の国から帰ってきたときに筑紫の日向にておこなった禊のときに左目を洗うとアマテラス（太陽）が、右目を洗うとツキヨミ（月）が誕生したという話の類似例としては、中国神話において創造神たる盤古の死体のうち左目が太陽に、右目が月に化生したとされる話が見られる。
English: There is a story of a white rabbit of Inaba, who tricked sharks and used them in order to get across the sea, and there are folktales in southern islands whose contents are similar but with different animals.
Japanese: 因幡の白兎が海を渡るのにサメを騙して利用する話があるが、動物が違えど似た内容の昔話が南方の島にある。
English: It is thought that the book was written by the Agui shodo school in the mid period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan.)
Japanese: 安居院唱導教団の著作とされ、南北朝時代(日本)中期に成立したとされている。
English: It contains anecdotes about Shinto and Buddhist deities which are based on Honji-suijaku setsu (theory of original reality and manifested traces), centering on engi (writing about history) about shrines in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan) including the Kanto region.
Japanese: 関東など東国の神社の縁起を中心としつつ、本地垂迹説に基づいた神仏に関する説話が載っている。
English: Third volume: Takakura Tenno no koto, Kashima Daimyojin no koto, Katori Daimyojin no koto, Atsuta Daimyojin no koto, Gion Daimyojin no koto, Sekizan Daimyojin no koto, Inari Daimyojin no koto, Musashi Rokusho Daimyojin no koto (武蔵六所大明神事), and Kozuke no kuni Kukasho Daimyojin no koto (上野国九ヶ所大明神事.)
Japanese: 3巻：高座天王事、鹿島大明神事、香取大明神事、熱田大明神事、祇園大明神事、赤山大明神事、稲荷大明神事、武蔵六所大明神事、上野国九ヶ所大明神事。
English: Fourth volume: Shinano Chinju (local Shinto deity) Suwa Daimyojin Akiyama Ritual no koto (信濃鎮守諏訪大明神秋山祭事), Suwa Daimyojin Satsuki Kai no koto (諏訪大明神五月会事,) Echigo Province Yahiko Daimyojin no koto (越後国矢射子大明神事,) Tateyama Gongen deity of Ecchu Province (越中国立山権現事,) Isurugi Gongen deity of Noto Province and Dewaguro Gongen deity of Dewa Province (出羽国出羽黒権現事.)
Japanese: 4巻：信濃鎮守諏訪大明神秋山祭事、諏訪大明神五月会事、越後国矢射子大明神事、越中国立山権現事、能登石動権現事、出羽国羽黒権現事。
English: Fifth volume: Nikko Gongen deity, Utsunomiya Daimyojin no koto, Kasuga Daimyojin no koto, Mikagura (Music performed in court shinto ceremonies) no koto, Tenjin Shichidai (seven generations of heavenly kami in Shinto mythology) no koto, Chijin Godai (five generations of earthly deities) no koto, 女人月水神忌給, 仏前二王神明鳥居獅子駒犬之事 and 酒肉備神前事.
Japanese: 5巻：日光権現事、宇都宮大明神事、春日大明神事、御神楽事、天神七代事、地神五代事、女人月水神忌給事、仏前二王神明鳥居獅子駒犬之事、酒肉備神前事。
English: Seventh volume: Kozuke no kuni Ichinomiya no koto (items related to Ichinomiya Shrine of Kozuke Province), Aritoshi Myojin no koto, Hashihime Myojin no koto, Tamatsushima Myojin no koto, Kozuke no kuni Seta district Chinju Akagi Daimyojin no koto (上野国勢多郡鎮守赤城大明神事), Kozuke Daisan no miya Ikaho Daimyojin no koto (上野第三宮伊香保大明神事), and Settsu no kuni Ashikari Myojin no koto.
Japanese: 7巻：上野国一宮事、蟻通明神事、橋姫明神事、玉津島明神事、上野国勢多郡鎮守赤城大明神事、上野第三宮伊香保大明神事、摂津芦刈明神事。
English: Eighth volume: 上野国赤城山三所明神内覚満大菩薩事, Kagaminomiya (Shrine) no koto, Kamagami no koto (the tutelary deity of the hearth,) Fuji Sengen Daibosatsu (Fuji Sengen great bodhisattva) no koto, 群馬桃井郷上村内八ヶ権現事 and Kozuke no kuni Nahahachiro Daimyojin no koto.
Japanese: 8巻：上野国赤城山三所明神内覚満大菩薩事、鏡宮事、釜神事、富士浅間大菩薩事、群馬桃井郷上村内八ヶ権現事、上野国那波八郎大明神事。
English: The Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family refer to a mirror, a sword and a jewel that are believed to have been granted by Amaterasu Omikami (also known as Tensho daijin or the 'Sun Goddess') to her grandson Ninigi during 'Tensonkorin' when he descended from heaven to rule over the country.
Japanese: 三種の神器（みくさのかむだから、さんしゅのじんぎ）とは、天孫降臨の時に、天照大神から授けられたとする鏡・剣・玉を指す。
English: Possession of the mirror, the sword replica and the jewel is a recognized symbol, demonstrating authentic succession to the imperial throne by the emperor.
Japanese: 天皇の即位に際し、この神器の内、鏡と剣のレプリカ及び勾玉を所持することが日本の正統なる帝として皇位継承の際に代々伝えられている。
English: The Three Treasures refer to the 'Yata no Kagami' (the eight-span mirror), the 'Yasakani no magatama' (a comma-shaped jewel), and the 'Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi' ('Kusanagi no tsurugi') (the sacred sword).
Japanese: 三種の宝物とは、「八咫鏡」・「八尺瓊勾玉」・「天叢雲剣」（「草薙剣」）のこと。
English: It is said that the term 'Jingi' became common around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: 神器という言い方が一般化したのは南北朝時代(日本)ごろからと言われている。
English: According to the "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters), Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) granted the Yasaka no Magatama (the sacred jewel), the mirror and the Kusanagi no Tsurugi (another name for the Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi) to Hikoho no Ninigi no mikoto.
Japanese: 『古事記』では、天照大御神（あまてらすおおみかみ）が日子番能邇邇藝命（ひこほのににぎのみこと）に「八尺の勾璁（やさかのまがたま）、鏡、また草薙（くさなぎの）剣」を授ける。
English: In the first "alternate writing" of the Nihonshoki, it describes that the Mikusa no Takara (the Three Treasures)--the Yasakani no magatama (the sacred jewel), the Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror) and the Kusanagi no Tsurugi--were granted by Amaterasu Omikami, namely Amatsuhiko hikoho no ninigi no mikoto.
Japanese: 第一の一書に「天照大神、乃ち天津彦彦火瓊瓊杵尊（あまつひこひこほのににぎのみこと）に、八尺瓊の曲玉及び八咫鏡・草薙剣、三種（みくさ）の宝物（たから）を賜（たま）ふ」と記している。
English: A combination of the three items--a mirror, a sword, and a jewel--was not unique only to the Imperial family but regarded as symbols common to all rulers.
Japanese: 古代において、鏡、玉、剣の三種の組み合わせは天皇家だけに特有のものではなく、一般に支配者の象徴であったと考えられた。
English: When Emperor Chuai made an expedition to conquer the Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) led by the Oka no Agatanushi (ruler of the Tsukushi area) and Itote led by the Ito no Agatanushi (ruler of the Ito area), these leaders showed their allegiance by offering their Maso kagami (bronze mirror), Yasakani no magatama (comma-shaped jewel) and Totsuka no Tsurugi Sword.
Japanese: 仲哀天皇の熊襲征伐の途次、岡県主の熊鰐、伊都県主の五十迹手らは、それぞれ白銅鏡、八尺瓊、十握剣を差し出して恭順の意を表している。
English: Princess Kamunatsuso of the Suo Province's saba (land under direct control of the emperor) that showed allegiance to Emperor Keiko, also offered a Yatsuka no Tsurugi (Yatsuka Sword), Yata no Kagami (mirror) and Yasakani (jewel).
Japanese: また景行天皇に服属した周防国娑麼の神夏磯媛も、八握剣、八咫鏡、八尺瓊を差し出している。
English: In the Harunotsuji Ruins in Iki City, a combination of the oldest mirror, sword and jewel were excavated.
Japanese: また壱岐市の原の辻遺跡では最古の鏡、玉、剣の組み合わせが出土されている。
English: Today, the Yata no Kagami (mirror) is dedicated to the Kotai-jingu Shrine of Ise Jingu Shrine, and the Murakumo no Tsurugi Sword is dedicated to the Atsuta-jingu Shrine as a shintai (object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity).
Japanese: 現在では八咫鏡は伊勢神宮の皇大神宮に、天叢雲剣は熱田神宮に神体として奉斎されている。
English: The replica of the Yata no Kagami (mirror) is believed to be in the Kashikodokoro (a palace sanctuary) of the Three Shrines of the Imperial Court, and the replica of the Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi (sword) is in the Kenji no Ma (hall of the sacred sword and jewels) along with the Yasakani no magatama (jewel).
Japanese: 八咫鏡の型代は宮中三殿の賢所に、天叢雲剣の形代は八尺瓊勾玉とともに御所の剣璽の間に安置されているとされる。
English: After the introduction of Confucianism to Japan, some have interpreted the Three Sacred Treasures as representations of santoku (the three primary virtues): the mirror representing "wisdom," the jewel representing "benevolence," and the sword representing "valor."
Japanese: 儒学伝来以後、鏡は「知」、勾玉は「仁」、剣は「勇」というように、三種の神器は三徳を表わすという解釈もある。
English: The way of referring to these three items as "Sanshu no Jingi" (Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family) is found in books such as "The Tale of the Heike" and "Jinno Shotoki" (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns).
Japanese: なお、これら3器を「三種の神器」と総称する用例は、『平家物語』、『神皇正統記』などに見える。
English: The "Jinno Shotoki" also names these items "Sanshuno Shinbo" and "Mikusa no Kamudakara."
Japanese: また『神皇正統記』では、「三種の神宝（さんしゅのしんぽう・みくさのかむだから）」とも称される。
English: The legends described in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki say that Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) granted the 'Sanshu no Jingi' (three sacred objects) to her grandson Ninigi as yorishiro (objects representative of a divine spirit) during 'Tensonkorin' where he descended to earth in order to rule over the country.
Japanese: 記紀の伝承では、三種の神器はアマテラスの神代（よりしろ）として天孫降臨の際に天照大神よりニニギに授けられたとされている。
English: According to Japanese mythology, the mirror was created by the god named Ishikoridome during the event of Iwato-gakure (literally "hiding in Iwato) in which Amaterasu Omikami hid herself in the Ama no Iwato (literally "the cave of the sun god" or "heavenly rock cave").
Japanese: 日本神話では、天照大神が天岩戸に隠れた岩戸隠れの際、イシコリドメが作ったという鏡。
English: When Amaterasu made a small opening in the rock, the mirror reflected her face, drawing her attention and successfully making her come out of the cave, thus bringing light back to the world.
Japanese: 天照大神が岩戸を細めに開けた時、この鏡で天照大神自身を映し、興味を持たせて外に引き出し、そして再び世は明るくなった。
English: According to the 'Kojiki,' the 'Nihonshoki' and Japanese mythology ('Kiki-shinwa' for short), it is said that the sword came out of the tail of a giant, eight-headed snake (Yamata-no-Orochi) that was killed by the god Susanoo and it was then that it was named Tsumukari no Tachi (Tsumukari Sword) (a sword having great power).
Japanese: 記紀神話ではスサノオが出雲・簸川上（ひのかわかみ）で倒した八岐大蛇の尾から出てきたとし、その時の名前は都牟刈の太刀（偉大な力を持つ太刀）であった。
English: According to the Izumo no kuni fudoki (topography of Izumo Province), Orochi (the eight forked great serpent) was vanquished in Mori-go, Ou-gun, Izumo Province (now Yasugi City, Shimane Prefecture).
Japanese: 出雲国風土記では、出雲国意宇郡母里郷（現；島根県安来市）にてオロチ退治が行われたともされている。
English: It is believed that the sword was offered by Susanoo no mikoto to Amaterasu Omikami and then handed down to the Imperial family along with the Yata no Kagami (mirror) as shintai (objects of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity) of Amaterasu.
Japanese: 剣は須佐之男命から天照大神に奉納され、天皇家に天照大神の神体として八咫鏡とともに手渡された事になっている。
English: There are some who suggest that the blacksmith god Ame-no-mahitotsu no mikoto made the sword.
Japanese: 一説には鍛冶の神である天目一箇命（アメノマヒトツノミコト）が作ったと言われる。
English: Although it was once enshrined in the Imperial Palace as the shintai of Amaterasu Omikami, during the reign of Emperor Sujin (reported 148 B.C.-30 B.C.), the sword was enshrined outside of the Imperial Palace along with the Yata no Kagami (mirror) by order of Princess Toyosukiirihime no mikoto.
Japanese: 皇居内に天照大神の御神体として八咫鏡とともに祭られていたが、崇神天皇（伝紀元前148年-紀元前30年）の時代に皇女豊鋤入姫命により八咫鏡とともに皇居の外に祀るようになった。
English: It took a total of sixty years before it was handed down to Yamatohime no mikoto, a princess of Emperor Suinin (reported 69B.C. to 70B.C.) and finally enshrined in the current Kotai-jingu Shrine (Naiku) of Ise Jingu Shrine.
Japanese: 途中で垂仁天皇（伝紀元前69年-70年）の皇女倭姫命に引き継がれ、あわせて約60年をかけて現在の伊勢神宮の皇大神宮（内宮）に落ち着いた。
English: It has been suggested that because Yamato Takeru used the sword at that time to cut down grass in order to escape from an attack of burning fields, the sword was given the name Kusanagi no Tsurugi (literally "grass-mowing sword").
Japanese: この時、倭建命が野火攻めから脱出する為に、この太刀で草を薙いだ事が草薙剣の名前の由来とされている。
English: At what point did they start having the ritual of presenting the Three Sacred Treasures (Jingi) to the Emperor during the enthronement ceremony?
Japanese: 天皇の即位儀礼の際に三種の神宝（神器）を奉る儀礼が行われていたのはいつ頃からか。
English: No description is found in "Kojiki" regarding sacred treasures (Jingi) or the equivalent hoken (treasured sword) for enthronement.
Japanese: 『古事記』には即位に際して神宝（神器）またはそれに類する品の宝剣に関する記事はない。
English: An article from December of the first year of Emperor Ingyo states, 'At this moment, the crowd of retainers felt great happiness, immediately presenting the Emperor's treasures and admiring them.'
Japanese: 允恭天皇元年十二月の条、「是に、群臣、大きに喜びて、即日に、天皇の璽付（みしるし）を捧げて、再拝みてうえる」。
English: An article from December of Emperor Seinei states, 'The Omuraji (the highest administrator of the ancient Japanese Imperial Court) OTOMO no Muroya led the Omi (retainers with one of the two highest hereditary titles), the Muraji (retainers with one of the two highest hereditary titles) etc., and presented the treasures to the Imperial prince.'
Japanese: 清寧天皇前記十二月の条、「大伴室屋大連、臣・連等を率て、璽（しるし）を皇太子に奉る」。
English: Imperial Prince Oke took the sacred treasures and placed them on the emperor's throne.'
Japanese: 「皇太子億計（おけ）、天子の璽（みしるし）を取りて、天皇の坐に置きたまふ」。
English: An article from February of the first year of Emperor Keitai states, "The Omuraji OTOMO no Kanamura knelt down and presented the sacred treasures of the mirror and the sword.'
Japanese: 継体天皇元年二月の条、「大伴金村大連、乃ち跪きて天子の鏡（みかがみ）剣（みはかし）の璽符（みしるし）を上りてまつる」。
English: An article from December of Emperor Senka states, 'The vassals presented the sword and the mirror to Takeohirokuni Oshitate no mikoto which immediately made him an emperor.'
Japanese: 宣化天皇前記十二月の条、「群臣、奏して、剣（みはかし）鏡（みかがみ）を武小広国押す盾尊に上りて、即天皇之位さしむ」。
English: An article from November of Emperor Suiko states, 'Many vassals went out to ask for donations for a temple. 三に至りて乃ち従ひたまふ.'
Japanese: 推古天皇前記十一月の条、「百寮、表を上りて勧進る。三に至りて乃ち従ひたまふ。」
English: An article from January of the first year of Emperor Jomei states, 'Ministers and vassals presented the sacred treasures to Imperial Prince Tamura.'
Japanese: 舒明天皇元年正月の条、「大臣及び郡卿、共に天皇の璽印（みしるし）を以て、田村皇子に奉る」。
English: An article from June of Emperor Kotoku states, 'Princess Ametoyotakaraikashihitarashihime was presented with the sacred treasures and conferred an empress.'
Japanese: 孝徳天皇前記六月、「天豊財重日足姫天皇、璽綬（みしるし）を授けたまひて、位を禅りたまふ」。
English: In 690 when Empress Jito ascended the throne, the Inbe clan as retainers presented two forms of treasure: a sword and a mirror.
Japanese: 690年の持統天皇の即位の際に臣下の忌部氏が剣と鏡の2種を献上している。
English: An article from January of the fourth year of Empress Jito (690) in the "Nihon Shoki" states, 'MONONOBE no Maro Ason held up the large shield; NAKATOMI no Oshima no Ason, who was Jinginokami, read the Shinto prayers; afterwards INBE no Sukune no Shikobuchi presented the sacred treasures of the sword and the mirror to the Imperial princess and she was conferred an empress.'
Japanese: 『日本書紀』持統天皇四年（690）正月の条に、「物部麿朝臣大盾を樹て、神祇伯（じんぎのかみ）中臣大嶋朝臣天神の寿詞（よごと）を読み、畢（おわ）りて忌部宿禰色夫知神璽の剣鏡を皇后に奉上り、皇后天皇の位に即く」とある。
English: In the naval battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185 between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan, it is said that the Kusanagi no Tsurugi (sword) sank into the sea with Emperor Antoku in Akamagaseki (Kanmon-kaikyo Strait).
Japanese: 1185年（元暦2年）の壇ノ浦の戦いで平氏と源義経率いる源氏が戦った際に、安徳天皇が入水し草薙剣も赤間関（関門海峡）に水没したとされる。
English: Also during this time, despite the absence of the Three Sacred Treasures, Emperor Gotoba ascended the throne based on the inzen (imperial decree) of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: またこの時後鳥羽天皇は三種の神器が無い状態にも関わらず後白河法皇の院宣を根拠として即位している。
English: In 1336, Takauji ASHIKAGA defected from the Kenmu Restoration of Emperor Godaigo and established the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Kyoto by putting Emperor Komyo on the throne of the Northern Court (Japan).
Japanese: 足利尊氏が後醍醐天皇の建武の新政に離反し、1336年（延元元年/建武(日本)3年）に光明天皇の北朝(日本)を立てて京都に室町幕府を開く。
English: However, Emperor Godaigo claimed that the Jingi he had given to the Northern Court was a fake, that he had the legitimate right to succeed the Imperial throne and established the Sourthern Court (Japan) in Yoshino (Yoshino-cho, Yoshino-gun, Nara Prefecture).
Japanese: しかし、後醍醐は、自分が北朝に渡した神器は贋物であり自己の皇位が正統であると主張して吉野（奈良県吉野郡吉野町）に南朝(日本)を開く。
English: After the Shohei Itto (temporary unification of the Northern and Southern Courts), when the Southern Court temporarily recaptured Kyoto and kidnapped three retired emperors of the Northern Court, they also confiscated the Jingi.
Japanese: 正平一統の後に南朝が一時京都を奪還して北朝の三上皇を拉致する際に神器も接収した。
English: As a result, Emperors of the Northern Court, including Emperor Kogen, ascended the throne without the Jingi following a precedent of Emperor Gotoba.
Japanese: そのため後光厳天皇はじめ北朝の天皇は後鳥羽天皇の先例にならい神器無しで即位している。
English: In "Kitabatake Chikafusa no Jinno Shotoki" (Chikafusa KITABAKAKE's Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns), Chikafusa KITABAKE of the Southern Court emphasized the importance of the blood line, virtue and the Jingi as conditions for a monarch.
Japanese: 南朝の北畠親房は「北畠親房神皇正統記」で、君主の条件として血統のほかに君徳や神器の重要性を強調する。
English: The Jingi are not necessarily essential for enthronement, however, as there was the precedent of Emperor Gotoba ascending to the throne under the inzen (decree from the retired Emperor) of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
Japanese: しかし神器無しでの即位は後鳥羽天皇が後白河法皇の院宣により即位したという先例があり、三種の神器は即位の絶対条件ではない。
English: In 1392, the Jingi retained by the Southern Court were handed from Emperor Gokameyama of the Southern Court to the Emperor Gokomatsu of the Northern Court when the Northern and Southern Courts joined through the mediation of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
Japanese: 南朝が保有し続けた神器は、1392年（元中9年/明徳3年）に足利義満の斡旋により南北朝が合一された際に南朝の後亀山天皇から北朝の後小松天皇に渡った。
English: In 1443, the "Conspiracy of Kinketsu" occurred in which surviving retainers of the Southern Court forced their way into the Gosho (Imperial Palace) to steal the Jingi.
Japanese: 室町時代の1443年（嘉吉3年）に、南朝の遺臣が御所へ乱入し神器を奪う「禁闕の変」が起こった。
English: The magatama was kept under the control of Gonancho (Second Southern Court) but reportedly recovered before 1458.
Japanese: 勾玉が後南朝に持ち去られたままになるが、その後1458年（長禄2年）までに奪還されたと伝えられる。
English: In the Meiji Period, a dispute called 'Nanbokucho-Seijunron' occurred where both the Northern and Southern dynasties argued over the legitimacy of the imperial line.
Japanese: 明治時代には、南北両朝の皇統の正統性をめぐる南北朝正閏論と呼ばれる論争が起こった。
English: In the end, Emperor Meiji determined that the Southern Court held legitimacy on the grounds that they owned the three sacred imperial treasures.
Japanese: 最終的には明治天皇が、南朝が三種の神器を保有していた事を根拠に南朝が正統であると決定する。
English: On January 7, 1989, Emperor Akihito inherited the Jingi in the "Inheritance Ceremony of Kenji and others" that was held in the Matsu no Ma (State Room) of the Imperial Palace.
Japanese: 明仁は1989年1月7日に宮殿松の間で行われた「剣璽剣璽渡御の儀（剣璽等承継の儀）」において神器を継承した。
English: Whatever happened, the importance of the three sacred imperial treasures may lie in "the belief that the imperial family own them."
Japanese: いずれにしろ、三種の神器は、「天皇家が所有しているとされていること」に意味があるともいえる。
English: In other words, what is important is not whether "the Imperial family owns the three sacred imperial treasures," but that the three sacred imperial treasures are "what the Imperial family owns."
Japanese: つまり、「天皇家が三種の神器を所有している」というより、「天皇家が所有しているもの」こそが、三種の神器なのである。
English: In the first place, what are actually used in the ceremony are 'katashiro' (incarnations or replicas).
Japanese: そもそも実際の儀式に使われるのは三種の神器の「形代」（分身つまりレプリカ）である。
English: It is said that the Yata no Kagami (mirror) dedicated to Ise Jingu Shine as a shintai (object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity) is the mirror that has existed since ancient times.
Japanese: 伊勢神宮の神体として祀られている八咫鏡は古来のものが現存しているといわれる。
English: After a prescribed number of years in a ceremony called 'Shikinen Sengu', at night, a shintai is covered with a white cloth to keep it from being seen and transferred to a new Honden (main shrine) by forming a procession.
Japanese: 式年遷宮の際には、夜間、人目に触れぬよう白布で覆った神体を移御するための行列が組まれて新しい本殿に移される（一説に、伊勢の八咫鏡は式年遷宮と同時に壊され代替わりを行っているというが、この説は論拠不明）。
English: (One theory suggests that the Yata no Kagami in Ise is destroyed during every Shikinen Sengu and replaced by a new one, but it is not known where this theory comes from.)
Japanese: （一説に、伊勢の八咫鏡は式年遷宮と同時に壊され代替わりを行っているというが、この説は論拠不明）
English: The mirror shintai is enshrined in Kashikodokoro in the Imperial Palace as a katashiro (replica) of the Yata no Kagami, but there is a record that it was once burnt in a fire.
Japanese: 宮中三殿の賢所に八咫鏡の形代としての神体の鏡が祀られているが、これは火災等により焼けた記録がある。
English: In the Kashikodokoro in the Imperial Palace, there are mihishiro (containers) for two pieces of shintai, one of which is a newly made mihishiro that contains the remains of an item burnt in a fire.
Japanese: 現在皇居の賢所には、2個の神体の御桶代があり、ひとつは火災等で焼けたものをそのまま御桶代を新造して安置している。
English: However, one theory suggests that among the three sacred treasures, the sword does not exist because it had sunk into the sea with the fall of the Heike family (the Taira clan).
Japanese: しかし、一説には、平氏滅亡に際し海に没したとされていることから、三種の神器の中で現存しない物であるとも言われている。