nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: The former "the Law relating to the reservation of important fine arts" was abolished by the enactment of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1950.
Japanese: 1950年の文化財保護法施行をもって、旧「重要美術品等ノ保存ニ関スル法律」は廃止された。
English: However, the important art objects so accredited under "the Law relating to the reservation of important fine arts" were to retain such qualification for the time being after the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was enacted, based on its supplementary provision.
Japanese: しかし、旧「重要美術品等ノ保存ニ関スル法律」によって認定された物件については、文化財保護法施行後も、同法附則の規定に基づき、当分の間その認定効力を保つこととされている。
English: An important art object was to lose its accreditation only in two cases; (1) when it was upgraded by designation to an important cultural property or (2) when its export to a foreign country was permitted.
Japanese: 重要美術品の認定が取消されるのは、（1）重要美術品等認定物件が重要文化財に「格上げ」指定された場合と、（2）重要美術品等認定物件の海外輸出が許可された場合の2つに限られている。
English: There are two kinds of important cultural properties designated after 1950 pursuant to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties; those cultural properties which, having received no national accreditation or designation in the past, were newly designated, and those important art objects which were promotedly designated as important cultural properties.
Japanese: 1950年以降、文化財保護法に基づき指定された重要文化財には、国の指定・認定を受けていなかった文化財から指定されたものと、重要美術品認定物件を重要文化財に「格上げ」指定したものとが存在する。
English: As the announcements on official gazettes concerning the designation of important cultural properties clearly indicate these two kinds, it is possible to know precisely which properties used to be important art objects.
Japanese: 重要文化財指定時の官報告示においてはこれら2種類を厳密に区分しており、どの文化財が旧重美であるかは告示から明らかに知ることができる。
English: In addition, 25 important art objects lost their accreditation between 1950 and 2008 on the ground that their export to foreign countries was permitted.
Japanese: また、重要美術品等認定物件のうち、海外への輸出が許可されて、認定を取消されたものは、1950年から2008年（平成20年）までの間に計25件ある。
English: It is estimated that six thousand and several hundred properties retained their accreditation under the former "Law relating to the reservation of important fine arts" as of 2008.
Japanese: 2008年現在、旧「重要美術品等ノ保存ニ関スル法律」による認定の効力を有する物件は、6千数百件と推定される。
English: Their precise number, however, is unknown as relevant official inventories or pictorial records have not been issued by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
Japanese: なお、厳密な件数については、文化庁から公式の目録や図録が公表されていないため未詳である。
English: Many of the objects which had been accredited as an important art object were lost in the post-World War II chaos, for which no details such as photographs have been saved.
Japanese: 重要美術品等認定物件については、第二次大戦後の混乱期に所在不明となったもの、写真やデータの残っていないもの等も多い。
English: After World War II, some of the important art objects were upgraded to an important cultural property and then designated as a national treasure.
Japanese: 第二次大戦後に重要美術品から重要文化財を経て国宝に指定された物件もある。
English: Genji monogatari emaki (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji), a national treasure in the collection of the Gotoh Museum, which used to be possessed by Takashi MASUDA, a businessman (known under the name Donnou), was accredited as an important art object on May 20, 1935, and was designated as an important cultural property and as a national treasure at the same time on March 29, 1952 (announced on an official gazette on October 16 of the same year).
Japanese: 五島美術館蔵の国宝・源氏物語絵巻は、実業家益田孝（鈍翁）の旧蔵で、1935年5月20日に重要美術品に認定、1952年3月29日付（官報告示は同年10月16日）で重要文化財、同日付で国宝に指定された。
English: Juichimen Kannon-zo (the statue of Eleven-faced Kannon) painted in color on a silk canvas in the collection of Nara National Museum, which is a leading Buddhist painting of the Heian period, used to be owned by Kaoru INOUE and then by Takashi MASUDA and was accredited as an important art object on May 20, 1935.
Japanese: 平安仏画の代表作である奈良国立博物館蔵の国宝・絹本著色十一面観音像は井上馨及び益田孝の旧蔵で、1935年5月20日に重要美術品に認定された。
English: It passed into another person's possession after World War II and had been an important art object for a long time, but was designated as an important cultural property in 1992 and then as a national treasure in 1994.
Japanese: 戦後は別の個人の所有となり、長らく重要美術品のままであったが、1992年に重要文化財、1994年に国宝に指定された。
English: Sobagaki is a dish made from buckwheat-flour, and one characteristic of the sobagaki is that a ball of dough, not a noodle, is made by mixing buckwheat-flour with boiled water or heating a mixture of buckwheat-flour and water and then quickly stirring the mixture into gruel with tools such as chopsticks.
Japanese: 蕎麦がき（そばがき、蕎麦搔き）とは、蕎麦粉を使った料理で、麺（蕎麦切り）としてではなく、蕎麦粉に熱湯を加えるか、水を加えて加熱し、箸などですぐかき混ぜることで粘りを出して塊状とする点に特徴がある。
English: It has been eaten as a familiar snack since old times in buckwheat-flour producing areas because even children can easily make it.
Japanese: 子供でも簡単に作れるので、蕎麦産地では昔からおやつとして定番だった。
English: It has two cooking methods: 'Wan-gaki' which is cooked by mixing buckwheat-flour and boiled water into gruel, and 'Nabe-gaki' which is cooked by heating and kneading the mixture of buckwheat-flour and water in a pot on a stove.
Japanese: 調理方法として、蕎麦粉に熱湯をかけて混ぜ、粘りがでた状態のものを食べる「椀がき」と、小鍋に蕎麦粉と水を合せコンロで加熱しながら練る「鍋がき」がある。
English: They are similar to the cooking method of Italian polenta and East African ugali which are made by kneading a mixture of boiled water and grain flours such as corn flour.
Japanese: イタリアのポレンタや、東アフリカにおけるトウモロコシの粉など穀物粉に湯を加えて練り上げた主食のウガリなどに似た製法である。
English: The sobagaki is recognized as a healthy food because nutrition in buckwheat can be taken efficiently due to good digestion and absorption which are attributed to starch gelatinization occurring when buckwheat-flour is mixed with water and heated.
Japanese: 水を加えて加熱することで、蕎麦粉のでんぷんを糊化（アルファ化）させることにより、消化吸収がよく蕎麦の栄養を効率よくとることができるため、健康食としても見直されている。
English: In Yamanouchi-cho and Sakae-mura in Shinano Province, shredded daikon (Japanese radish) is mixed with buckwheat-flour and water and dipped in sobatsuyu to eat.
Japanese: 信濃国山ノ内町・栄村では、大根の細切りした所に、蕎麦粉、熱湯を加えて、かき混ぜ、そばつゆを付けて食べる。
English: Choreographed by Goroichi MATSUMOTO, the first performance: Mitsugoro BANDO (the third), performed at Edo Nakamura-za Theater, in July 1826.
Japanese: 振付：松本五郎市、初演：坂東三津五郎(3代目)、文政九年六月（1826年7月）江戸中村座。
English: The first performance was a typical `sandangaeshi' style, consisting of three parts; scenery (scenery and customs), scene (sight), and rites and festivals.
Japanese: 初演は風物・情景・祭礼など三段構成で見せる典型的な「三段返し」ものの演目であった。
English: Its subject was Sanno Matsuri Festival held at Akaska (Minato Ward, Tokyo), and the performance was composed of the first part; `the puppet of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune on a float,' the middle part; `The fisherman setting a fishing net,' and the last part; `The dance of the head of the steeplejack who keeps watch at night.'
Japanese: 赤坂(東京都港区)の山王祭を題材とした上段「武内宿彌の山車人形」、中段「漁師の網打ち」、後段「金棒引きの鳶頭の踊り」からなっていた。
English: As the last part has been particularly popular since that time, the last part has been almost exclusively performed since then.
Japanese: 特に後段が当時からの人気で、以後はほとんどこの後段のみが上演されている。
English: The song title, "sarutori" came from that the last part of the song begins with `sarutori no.' (at Sanno Matsuri Festival, dashi [float] of `saru' [monkey] and `tori' [bird] are ahead of the parade).
Japanese: この後段の歌い出しが「さるとりの〜」であることが『申酉』の通称の由来（山王祭では「申（猿）」と「酉（鶏」の山車が巡行の先頭をゆく）。
English: It is characterized by the Edomae (Tokyo style) song full of the atmosphere of rites and festivals, and by dance with the lively and dramatic choreography, and the common name, "omatsuri," came from those.
Japanese: 祭礼の雰囲気にみちた江戸前の曲と、賑やかで派手な振りの舞が特色で、これが『お祭』の通称の由来ともなっている。
English: Sometimes geisya, instead of young people, relate to a fireman and there are other patterns derived from the basic pattern, such as the story in which the main character is geisya with young people relating to her.
Japanese: また若衆のかわりに芸者がからんだり、芸者を主役にそえこれに若衆がからむといった派生版もある。
English: After a number of hayaku (unimportant role) appeared and started to dance, a head (chief) fireman in a cool happi coat (a workman's livery coat) came up on the stage.
Japanese: はじめ大勢の端役が現れ賑やかに踊るなか、舞台上に粋な法被姿の鳶頭が登場。
English: When the head fireman became motionless, a call, `mattemashita' (have been waiting for you) is always heard from regular audience.
Japanese: その動きが一瞬止まったところで、大向うからは必ず「待ってましたっ！」という声が掛かる。
English: Then the head fireman reply to the call saying `thank you for waiting for me,' and he resumed dancing.
Japanese: すると鳶頭は「待っていたとはありがてえ」と科白を返し、そこから踊りが再開する。
English: Unless the call, `mattemashita,' is not heard on the stage, the performance is not proceeded.
Japanese: この場はここで「待ってましたっ！」が掛からないと舞台が先に進まない。
English: `Thank you for waiting for me' is one of famous examples in which an improvised dialogue came to be adopted in the acting script.
Japanese: 「待っていたとはありがてえ」は、即興で入れた台詞がいつしか台本の中に取り込まれてしまった有名な一例。
English: Sanbai zojo seishu (sanzoshu for short, sake swelled by adding distilled alcohol, sugars, acidulants, monosodium glutamate, etc.) is a common name of zojoshu, a kind of sake which was introduced at the time of rice shortage after World War II.
Japanese: 三倍増醸清酒（さんばいぞうじょうせいしゅ、三増酒）とは、第二次世界大戦後の米不足の際に導入された日本酒の一種、増醸酒の通称のことである。
English: Distilled alcohol diluted with ｗater to the same concentration as seishu (refined sake) is put into moromi (raw unrefined sake) made of rice and rice malt, and then sugar (glucose, mizuame [thick malt syrup]), sour agents (lactic acid, succinic acid, etc.), glutamic sodium, and so on are added for seasoning.
Japanese: 米と麹で作ったもろみに清酒と同濃度に水で希釈した醸造アルコールを入れ、これに糖（ぶどう糖・水あめ）、酸味料（乳酸・こはく酸など）、グルタミン酸ナトリウムなどを添加して味を調える。
English: The zojoshu which has been made in this way is tripled in volume and so it is called sanbai zojo shu (triple swelled sake) or sanbai zojo seishu (triple swelled refined sake).
Japanese: こうしてできた増醸酒は約3倍に増量されているため、三倍増醸酒・三倍増醸清酒などと呼ばれる。
English: Sanbai zojo seishu is not shipped as it is, but is blended with seishu to which alcohol is added, and made it into products.
Japanese: 三倍増醸清酒は、そのままの状態で出荷されることはなく、アルコールを添加した清酒などとブレンドされて製品化される。
English: The rice shortage became serious as the results of the stoppage of import of foreign rice after World War II and of the increase of population due to the repatriation and demobilization.
Japanese: 第二次世界大戦後、外地米の輸入が途絶えた上に引揚者や復員によって人口が増加したため米不足が深刻となった。
English: For this reason, in addition to the increase in volume of seishu by adding alcohol which had been permitted since the wartime, the production of zojoshu was permitted.
Japanese: そのため、戦時中から認められていたアルコールの添加による清酒の増量に加えて、増醸酒の製造が認められた。
English: Even after the alleviation of rice shortage, it remained the main stream of the post-war seishu, because rice for sake brewing could not be purchased freely due to the continued rationing, profitability was high due to the production of seishu at low cost, the expansion of consumption could be met due to the high-volume production, and the consumers preferred the sanbai zojo seishu to the junmaishu (sake made without added alcohol or sugar) that contained more miscellaneous flavors due to insufficient polishing in response to the rice shortage.
Japanese: 米不足が解消した後も、酒造米の配給(物資)が続き自由に酒造米を購入できなかったこと、低コストで清酒を製産できるので利益率が高いこと、大量に生産できるので消費の拡大に対応ができたこと、消費者が米不足のため低精白になり雑味などが増えた純米酒よりは三倍増醸清酒を好んだことなどにより、戦後の清酒の主流であり続けた。
English: However, through the jizake (local sake) boom which occurred in the mid-1970s, consumers who looked for seishu of higher quality gradually increased, which caused the increased production of honjozoshu (a sake brewed with rice of polishing ratio not exceeding 70 % as main material and distilled alcohol of as auxiliary material not exceeding 10 % of rice by weight) with less added alcohol and no added sugar and of junmaishu which was the original Japanese sake.
Japanese: しかし、1970年代半ばにおこった地酒ブームなどを通じて、次第に清酒へ高い品質を求める消費者が増え始めたため、アルコール添加量が少なく糖類などを添加していない本醸造酒や、元来の日本酒である純米酒などの生産が増え始めた。
English: As the additive amount was limited by the revision of the Liquor Tax Act in 2006, the volume cannot be tripled at present.
Japanese: 2006年の酒税改正により、添加量が制限されており、現在は3倍までは増量できなくなっている。
English: Root vegetables such as burdock roots, lotus roots, and carrots are commonly used as its ingredients, but it also tastes good with thick peel of daikon (Japanese radish) or yacon.
Japanese: 材料としてはゴボウ、レンコン、ニンジンなどの根菜類が一般的だが、厚めに剥いたダイコンの皮や、ヤーコンなどで作っても美味しい。
English: Basically, mirin (sweet cooking rice wine) (or sake [Japanese liquor] and/or sugar), and soy sauce are used for seasoning, and if desired, red pepper or sesame is added.
Japanese: 味付はみりん（あるいは日本酒、砂糖）、醤油を基本とし、好みでトウガラシ、ゴマなどを加える。
English: It is said that the term kinpira was named after SAKATA no Kinpira, a son of SAKATA no Kintoki known as Kintaro.
Japanese: 金平という名前は金太郎としても知られる坂田金時の息子・坂田金平から名付けられたという。
English: Since a burdock root was thought to be a nutritious food, people borrowed a name from Kinpira who was known for a legend of being strong.
Japanese: 江戸時代はゴボウは精の付く食べ物と考えられていた為、強力の伝説で知られていた金平に仮託したもの。
English: Usually, wasabi paste is also rubbed into it, thus people just dip it in soy sauce and eat it.
Japanese: 通常おろしワサビも共に巻き込まれ、醤油をつけて食べるのが専らである。
English: There are many explanations regarding the origin of the name, Tekkamaki, such that tuna's red flesh resembles red-hot iron, or it came to be called "tekka" (iron fire) because, in those days, it was not the custom to eat raw tuna so using tuna flesh as an ingredient was a ridiculous thing (just like to touch hot iron), or, in old days, sushi was a kind of fast food which people could eat them while enjoying gambling at a tekkaba (gambling room).
Japanese: 鉄火巻の名前の由来は、マグロの赤身が熱した鉄に似ているからという説、当時マグロを生で食べる習慣がなく、それをネタに使うことがとんでもないこと（まるで熱した鉄に触るようなもの）から「鉄火」と呼ばれるようになったという説や、昔、鉄火場（賭博場）で博打をしながら食べられる手軽な食事だったからだという説などがある。
English: This tekkamaki is an Edomae-zushi (hand-rolled sushi) which uses tuna but is wrapped with a sheet of dried seaweed, so people can eat it without using chopsticks or getting their hands dirty.
Japanese: この鉄火巻はマグロを用いた江戸前寿司でありながら、海苔で巻かれているので、食べるのに箸も要らず手も汚さない。
English: The dish that consists of vinegared rice with slices of red flesh of tuna on top in a china bowl is called "Tekka-don" (Tuna Rice Bowl).
Japanese: 酢飯を丼に盛ってその上にマグロの赤身を乗せた料理は鉄火丼と呼ばれる。
English: 賛 San' (also called '画賛 gasan') is a review comment or praise written mainly by a viewer into an oriental painting and constitutes part of the original work and is considered to be a calligraphy work or literary work itself.
Japanese: 賛（さん）はまた画賛（がさん）ともいい、東洋画において、主に鑑賞者によって作品に書き加えられ、書作品また文芸作品として、もとの作品の一部とみなされる鑑賞文、賛辞。
English: In a rakugo entitled 'Hitome agari' (Stepping up One by One), the story progresses as follows: '賛 san (meaning praise, and pronounced the same as 3) =>詩 shi (poem, 4)=>語(悟) go (saying or enlightenment, 5), and skip roku (6) and get to Shichifukujin (Seven Deities of Good Luck), which turns out to be the base material of stories.
Japanese: 落語「一目あがり」で「賛→詩→語（悟）ときて（ロクがなくて）七福神」になるネタのはじまり。
English: The ochi (punch line of a joke) of this story has many variations, not only Shichifukujin, but also 'Chikurin no shichi kenjin' (seven wise men in a bamboo clump), 'Yoritomo-ko no shichi ki ochi' (the exile of seven samurais, Yoritomo and others, on horseback), 'Go-ishin no shichi kyo ochi' (the exile of seven nobles at the Restoration), 'Shichi-nagare wo katta' (Purchased foreclosure), and so on.
Japanese: この噺のオチには多くのバリエーションがあり、七福神のほかにも「竹林の七賢人」「頼朝公の七騎落ち」「ご維新の七卿落ち」「質流れを買った」などがある。
English: Continuing further, there exists another ochi, '(No phrase containing hachi [8]) then Basho no ku (poem, 9) (a poem written by Basho)' which can be linked with a phrase containing 7; so there are a total of 5x210 ochis.
Japanese: さらに続けて「（ハチがなくて）芭蕉の句だ」の落ちもあり、これは七のあとに繋げられるので、都合5×210通りのオチがあることになる。
English: However, aside from the so-called chief of the Minamoto clan, while one can treat this concept as something that was created intentionally out of political reasons, it is not clear if the status of or justification for the concept of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan actually existed.
Japanese: ただし、いわゆる源氏長者とは別に、意図的に政治的な理由からこのような概念が生まれたととらえることはできるものの、実際、源氏の嫡流という地位や名分があったかどうかは不明である。
English: It can also be said that in terms of parent-and-child relationship, a concept such as 'the heir' existed for a successor who inherited his father's home ground.
Japanese: 親子関係において「嫡子」のようなものは、父親の本拠地の相続した後継者に対してあったともいえる。
English: However, whether that necessarily became the concept of the direct descendant in terms of genealogy is questionable.
Japanese: しかし、それが必ずしも系譜としての嫡流意識となったかどうかは問題がある。
English: If there exists a genuine direct descendant of the Minamoto clan, then the Koga family, the kuge Genji (court noble family of the Minamoto clan) that inherited the status as the chief of the Minamoto clan, should be justified for it.
Japanese: 真の源氏嫡流というものがあるとすればそれは、源氏長者を受け継いだ公家源氏の久我家にこそその名分があろう。
English: It should be added, obviously, that the family status within the clan was the qualification that determined who became the clan chief, instead of who the direct descendant was, and therefore, being the clan chief was not synonymous with being a direct descendant.
Japanese: もちろん、嫡流であるかどうかというより、同氏族内での身分の高さが長者としての地位を定める資格であり、けして嫡流と同義ではないことも付言しておく。
English: The Minamoto clan can be divided into the kuge Genji that gave rise to the kugyo (court nobles), and the samurai Genji whose members were successful leader samurai families.
Japanese: 同じく源氏といえども、公卿を輩出した公家源氏と武家の棟梁として活躍した武家源氏に分けられる。
English: The Minamoto family lineages that arose from successive emperors such as Saga Genji, Daigo Genji, Seiwa Genji, Uda Genji, Murakami Genji and so on, can be greatly divided according to their distant ancestral emperors.
Japanese: 歴代天皇がそれぞれ輩出した、嵯峨源氏、醍醐源氏、清和源氏、宇多源氏、村上源氏など遠祖たる天皇により源氏の系統が大きく分かれる。
English: Hence the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan often refers to a specific lineage within a specific Minamoto family, rather than to the direct descendant among all of the Genji families.
Japanese: 故に源氏の嫡流といっても、それは源氏全体の嫡流ではなく、特定の源氏の、それも特定の系統を指すことが多い。
English: In the Seiwa Genji genealogy, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the eldest son of the second shogun MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, was considered as the heir to Mitsunaka (in terms of his succession to Mitsunaka's territories and the home ground).
Japanese: 清和源氏の系譜においては二代目源満仲の長男源頼光が満仲の嫡子（満仲の所領、本拠地の相続において）とされる。
English: Therefore, one theory suggests that the lineages of Yorimitsu's descendants, Settsu Genji and Tada Genji, are considered as the direct descendants.
Japanese: そのことから、頼光の子孫である摂津源氏や多田源氏の流れを嫡流という所説がある。
English: On the other hand, there are also some views that suggest that Kawachi Genji, known for MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and which began with MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the third son of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, is considered as the direct descendant of Seiwa Genji.
Japanese: その一方で、源義家が有名な、源満仲の三男での源頼信に始まる河内源氏を清和源氏の嫡流であるとする見方も一部にはある。
English: Kawachi Genji is a name that is associated with the territories held by Yorinobu, the younger brother of Yorimitsu, who was the eldest son of Mitsunaka, in Tsuboi, Ishikawa-gun County (Osaka Prefecture), Kawachi Province (present-day Tsuboi, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture).
Japanese: 河内源氏とは、満仲の長男であった頼光の弟、頼信が河内国石川郡(大阪府)壷井（現在の大阪府羽曳野市壷井）に所領を有したことに因む呼称である。
English: The famous armor 'Genta ga Ubuginu' (Genta's clothes as a newborn) was sometimes used as a proof of being the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan, and there is a view that suggests that Kawachi Genji that passed it down was the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: 時々、有名な甲冑「源太が産衣」が源氏嫡流の証として、それを伝える河内源氏が源氏嫡流とする立場がある。
English: However, even if 'Genta ga Ubuginu' actually existed, it was merely an item that was passed down to the eldest sons from Yoshiie to Yoritomo.
Japanese: しかし、「源太が産衣」は、仮に実在していたとしても義家から頼朝にかけての源氏の長男に伝えられたものに過ぎない。
English: Therefore, there was no implication that the owner of this item was the head of 'Kawachi Genji' (such a term did not exist back then), let alone Seiwa Genji.
Japanese: したがって、これを継ぐものが「河内源氏」（そのような用語は当時見られないが）や、まして清和源氏の当主であるという意味合いがあったわけではない。
English: Regardless of whether the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan (if there actually was such a thing) was Settsu Genji or Kawachi Genji, the main samurai family lineage was Kawachi Genji that began with MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, who was a younger brother of Yorimitsu who based his activities in Kyoto, and who established his forces in Bando (old Kanto region) and became the samurai leader family.
Japanese: 源氏嫡流（かりにそのようなものがあったとするならば）が摂津源氏か河内源氏かはともかく、武門の主流は、京都を活動基盤とした頼光の弟の源頼信にはじまり坂東へ勢力を扶植し、武家棟梁となった河内源氏のものとなる。
English: However, it can be said that this idea of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan was created by Yoritomo in order to distinguish his status as well as his family status within the samurai families.
Japanese: しかし、源氏嫡流意識なるものは、この頼朝が武家の中での自己と自家の地位を特別視するために作り出したたものともいえる。
English: Then, tracing back Yoritomo's ancestors, Kawachi Genji that began with MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu's younger brother, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, and that continued with Yoriyoshi and Yoshiie, came to be viewed as the direct descendants of the Minamoto clan.
Japanese: そして頼朝の先祖を遡及し、源頼光の弟の源頼信にはじまり、頼義、義家と続く河内源氏を源氏嫡流と見るようになったのであろう。
English: In fact, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, who was the first one to raise an army when Prince Mochihito called upon the members of the Minamoto families in various provinces in order to overthrow the Taira family, had a court rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), which was a first among Seiwa Genji, and he had a status that could have made him the clan chief.
Japanese: 事実、以仁王が平家を打倒すべく諸国の源氏に呼びかけた際、はじめに挙兵した源頼政は清和源氏としては初の従三位という高位にあり長者ともいうべき地位にあった。
English: However, in reality, the samurai warriors under him were limited to those in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) starting with his home base of Settsu Province.
Japanese: しかし、実際、従う兵はその拠点であった摂津国をはじめとする畿内に限られていた。
English: Instead, Yoritomo, who belonged to the lineage of his ancestor's younger brother, gained an overwhelming unifying power in the eastern provinces.
Japanese: むしろ、祖先の弟の系統である頼朝の方が東国において圧倒的求心力を得るに至った。
English: The reason for this was, rather than the fact that Yoritomo was a direct descendant of the Minamoto clan among Seiwa Genji, that he had the legacy of Kawachi Genji whose vassals were warriors of the eastern provinces and that there were political stakes among the warriors of the eastern provinces who were dissatisfied with the Taira family.
Japanese: それは頼朝が清和源氏の中で嫡流であったかというよりも、東国武士を臣下としてきた河内源氏の遺産と、平家に不満のあった東国武士との政治的利害関係があればこそである。
English: Therefore, it can be said that Yoritomo succeeded in distinguishing himself from the other Minamoto families and making his own family lineage the direct descendant by using, as a background, this unifying power over the warriors of the eastern provinces as well as the privileges granted by the Imperial Court, such as Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to Minamoto no Yoritomo), Bunji Imperial Sanction and appointment to shogun by the Imperial Court.
Japanese: 故に頼朝はそうした東国武士に対する求心力と、朝廷から受けた寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、将軍宣下など朝廷から与えられた特権を背景に、他の源氏一門と差別化し、頼朝の系統を嫡流とすることに成功することができたといえる。
English: In addition, he banished Yukitsuna TADA of Tada Genji, which was of a direct lineage even among the families of the Minamoto clan, from the Tada no sho estate, and he incorporated Yukitsuna's retainers as gokenin.
Japanese: 他、源氏一門の中でも直系であった多田源氏の多田行綱を多田荘から追放しその家人を御家人に編入した。
English: Furthermore, regardless of how close or what the blood or maternal family relations were, he allowed only those who made achievements to use the family name of Minamoto in the same manner as himself.
Japanese: さらに、血縁の嫡庶遠近に関わらず功績のあった者のみに自らと同様、源姓使用を許す門葉として遇した。
English: He forbid all others, even if they belonged to the Minamoto clan families, from using the family name of Minamoto, unless a gokenin member had a need for it for a court rank conferment ritual.
Japanese: それ以外は源氏一門といえども御家人となった者が除目などの必要ある場合を除き源姓を使用することを禁じた。
English: These incidents were precisely nothing other than a demonstration of his character as the leader of the samurai Minamoto clan.
Japanese: これらのことはまさに自らをして武家源氏の棟梁たる気概を見せたに他ならない。
English: However, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's family ended with MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the privileges Yoritomo monopolized as the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan as well as the ruling power were overtaken by the Hojo family, the maternal relative of the Minamoto family.
Japanese: しかし、源頼朝の一族が源実朝で滅びると、せっかく頼朝が独占した源氏嫡流たる特権も、外戚北条氏に実権を奪われてしまった。