nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Many of the recently-published academic recensions of "Genji Monogatari" use it as an original text.
Japanese: 現在出版されている『源氏物語』の学術的な校訂本の多くはこの大島本を底本にしている。
English: The name of the "Oshima-bon manuscript" comes from the fact that an old-established family in Sado sold it to Masataro OSHIMA in 1929 or so, after which it then became widely known.
Japanese: 佐渡の旧家から1929年（昭和4年）ころ大島雅太郎が買い取って世に出たためこの大島本という名がついた。
English: As Masataro OSHIMA collected old manuscripts of various kinds of books, there are many old manuscripts called by the name 'Oshima-bon.'
Japanese: 大島雅太郎はさまざまな書物の古写本を収集したため、「大島本」の名で呼ばれる古写本は多くある。
English: A manuscript of "Genji Monogatari" written in Murasaki Shikibu's own hand did not survive, and there are no manuscripts recognized as being from the Heian period.
Japanese: 『源氏物語』の写本としては、紫式部の自筆本は現存せず、また平安時代のものと認められる写本も存在しない。
English: In this situation, the so-called 'Aobyoshi-bon' revised by FUJIWARA no Sadaie is considered to be the most similar to the original.
Japanese: その状況で、藤原定家が校訂したいわゆる「青表紙本」が最も原文に近いと考えられている。
English: Other than the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and the Meiyurinmo-bon, the Oshima-bon manuscript is considered to be the one that best conserves the text revised by Sadaie among the existing manuscripts of the 'Aobyoshi-bon' line.
Japanese: 現在ある青表紙本系統の写本の中では定家自筆本や明融臨模本を除けばこの大島本が定家が校訂した本文を最もよく保存していると考えられている。
English: According to the postscript, it was made in 1481 by a court noble of the Muromachi period, Masayasu ASUKAI (1436-1509), at the request of the Shugo daimyo (a provincial military governor turned daimyo) Masahiro OUCHI (1446-1495), the head of the Ouchi clan.
Japanese: 奥書によれば室町時代の公卿である飛鳥井雅康（1436年（永享8年）‐1509年（永正6年））が守護大名大内氏の当主大内政弘（1446年（文安3年）-1495年（明応4年））の求めに応じて1481年（文明13年）に作成したものである。
English: As of 1564, it was owned by Masayori YOSHIMI (1513-1588), the head of Yoshimi clan in Iwami who was originally a vassal of the Ouchi clan and became a vassal of the Mori clan after the Ouchi clan was overthrown.
Japanese: 1564年（永禄7年）の時点でもともとは大内氏の家臣であり、大内氏が滅びた後毛利氏の家臣となった石見の豪族吉見氏の当主吉見正頼（1513年（永正10年）-1588年（天正16年））の所蔵であった。
English: During this period, the chapters of Kiritsubo (The Paulownia Court) and Yume no Ukihashi (The Floating Bridge of Dreams) were added, which had been copied by Dozo(1508-1571), the 25th monzeki (the priest in charge) of the Shogoin Temple who is known for having engaged in mediation to make peace between the Mori clan and the Amako clan, and his nephew Docho (1544-1608).
Japanese: このとき毛利と尼子の和議調停に奔走したことで知られる聖護院第25代門跡である道増（1508年（永正5年）-1571年（元亀2年））とその甥道澄（1544年（天文13年）-1608年（慶長13年））の書写による桐壺の巻と夢浮橋の巻が加えられた。
English: Although the history after that is unknown, the manuscript is considered to have been read without being buried because throughout it there are a large number of revisions made by multiple different hands.
Japanese: その後の来歴は不明であるが、本写本の全体にわたって複数の異なる筆跡によるおびただしい補訂の後が見られることから死蔵されることなく読まれ続けていたと考えられている。
English: In 1929 or so, Masataro OSHIMA bought it from an old-established family in Sado and added it to his collection "Seikei Shooku," after which it became known to the world.
Japanese: 1929年（昭和4年）ころ佐渡の旧家から大島雅太郎が買い取って同人のコレクション『青谿書屋』に入り、世に出ることになった。
English: Masataro OSHIMA, serving as a director of Mitsui Gomei Kaisha, used his prodigious wealth to engage Kikan IKEDA as an advisor and collected many valuable books and manuscripts.
Japanese: 大島雅太郎は三井合名会社の理事をつとめていたことなどから豊かな財力を背景にして池田亀鑑を顧問にして多くの貴重な書籍を集めていた。
English: But after World War II, he sank into dire poverty and had to relinquish most of his collection when his financial circumstances changed drastically due to the dissolution of the big financial combines and other reasons.
Japanese: が、戦後になって財閥解体などの影響により戦前とは一転して経済的に困窮する事態となり、コレクションのほとんどを手放すことになった。
English: Most of his collection became the possession of the National Diet Library and the library of Keio University, which was Masataro OSHIMA's alma mater.
Japanese: コレクションの大部分は国立国会図書館や大島雅太郎の母校である慶應義塾大学の図書館に所蔵されることになった。
English: However, the manuscript 'Oshima-bon Genji Monogatari' was not included in this and its whereabouts were unknown for a while.
Japanese: が、本「大島本源氏物語」はそれらの中に入っておらず、一時期行方不明になっていた。
English: It was later ascertained that it had come into Toshie OBAMA's possession and been added to his collection "Obama bunko" (the library of Toshie OBAMA) although the details are unknown.
Japanese: その後、詳細な経緯は不明ながら小汀利得の手に渡り、同人のコレクション『小汀文庫』入っていることが明らかになった。
English: In 1968, the Paleological Association of Japan, Inc. bought and added it to its collection as a special-feature exhibit when establishing the Heian Museum of Ancient History.
Japanese: 1968年（昭和43年）に古代学協会が平安博物館を開設するにあたってその目玉展示品として購入し、同協会の所蔵となった。
English: The Museum closed its doors in 1988, but the manuscript was handed down to its successor, joining the collection of the Museum of Kyoto, and is available to scholars.
Japanese: 同博物館は1988年（昭和63年）に閉館したが、本写本はそのまま後継機関にあたる京都文化博物館の所蔵となり、研究者向けに公開されている。
English: In addition, it is often opened for public viewings, such as in the special exhibition held from September to October 2008 to celebrate Genji Monogatari's thousandth anniversary.
Japanese: 他、2008年（平成20年）の9月から10月にかけて源氏物語千年紀を記念して特別展示が行われるなど、しばしば一般公開も行われている。
English: Kikan IKEDA praised the manuscript as 'the most reliable shohon (a verified text) among the Aobyoshi-bon line and a rare book in its volumes, form and contents.'
Japanese: 池田亀鑑は、本写本を「青表紙本中最も信頼すべき一証本であって、その数量において、またその形態・内容において稀有の伝本である」とした。
English: For that reason, during the project of making a variorum for Genji Monogatari that he himself had been engaged in since 1926, he destroyed the notes that he had already composed based upon the manuscripts of the Kawachi-bon line, the very notes that he had once completed in 1931and had even held an exhibition to celebrate.
Japanese: そのため、1926年（昭和元年）から自身が進めていた源氏物語の校本作成事業において、それまで河内本系統の写本を元に作業を進め、1931年（昭和6年）に一度は完成し、完成記念の展観会まで催された原稿を破棄した。
English: Then he started the work of making the variorum all over from the beginning, and completed the "Koi Genji monogatari" in 1942 after approximately 10 years using the Oshima-bon manuscript as the original text.
Japanese: そして、改めて大島本を底本にして校本の作成作業を一からやり直し、約10年をかけて1942年（昭和17年）に『校異源氏物語』を完成させた。
English: Due to the high valuation of the Oshima-bon manuscript by Kikan IKEDA and the high degree of perfection of the "Koi Genji monogatari," which was a variorum using the Oshima-bon manuscript as the original text, after that it became common practice for the variorum of the Genji Monogatari to use the Oshima-bon manuscript as the original text except a few manuscripts copied by Teika and ten-something chapters of the Meiyu-bon manuscript that seems to have been made by copying the manuscripts copied by Teika.
Japanese: ここで池田亀鑑によって示された大島本に対する評価の高さと大島本を底本とした校本である『校異源氏物語』の完成度の高さにより、これ以後源氏物語の校本は若干の定家筆本および定家筆本の臨模と目される明融本による十数帖のほかは、大島本を底本に使用するのが通例となった。
English: Tokuhei YAMAGISHI believed that the text of the so-called "Sanjonishike manuscript," which had been conserved in the Imperial Household Archives as a shohon (a verified text), being closer to the text of books printed during the Edo period such as the Shusho Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji with Headnotes) and Kogetsusho (The Tale of Genji Moon on the Lake Commentary), was better than the text of this Oshima-bon manuscript.
Japanese: なお、山岸徳平は、首書源氏物語や湖月抄などの江戸時代の版本の本文に近い本文を持つ宮内庁書陵部に証本として伝えられていたいわゆる『三条西家本』の本文のほうがこの大島本より良質の本文であるとした。
English: And he did not use the Oshima-bon manuscript, but the Sanjonishike manuscript as the original text for Genji Monogatari in the "Nihon koten bungaku taikei (series)," which was published by Iwanami Shoten between 1958 and 1963.
Japanese: そして、1958年（昭和33年）から1963年（昭和38年）にかけて岩波書店から出版された『日本古典文学大系』の源氏物語の底本には大島本でなく三条西家本を採用した。
English: While studying the printed books of the Edo period such as the 'Genji Monogatari Kogetsusho' and the 'Shusho Genji monogatari," at first the text of this Sanjonishike manuscript was considered, 'The text of these printed books of the Edo period is the good text of the Aobyoshi-bon line using the text of Sanjonishike line with a history.'
Japanese: この三条西家系統の本文については、「源氏物語湖月抄」や「首書源氏物語」といった江戸時代の版本を調査する中で、当初「これらの江戸時代の版本の本文は三条西家系統の由緒正しい本文を使用している良質の青表紙系統の本文である。」とされていた。
English: However, further study has made it clear that there are many differences when compared with the manuscripts copied by Teika and the Meiyurinmo-bon and other manuscripts equivalent to Teika's, and many of the differences are considered to be an influx from the text of the Kawachi-bon.
Japanese: が、さらに研究が進み藤原定家の自筆本やそれと同等だと考えられた明融臨模本等との本文の比較を行ったときに異なりが多く、その中には河内本の本文からの流入と考えられるものが多いことが明らかになった。
English: For the above reasons, there spread the understanding that the text of the Sanjonishike manuscript is not exactly a good one.
Japanese: このため、三条西家本の本文が良質の本文とは言えないとする理解が広まっていった。
English: Therefore, for Genji Monogatari in the "Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei" series published by Iwanami Shoten from 1993 to 1997, they used the Oshima-bon manuscript as an original text, not the Sanjonishike manuscript.
Japanese: そのため1993年（平成5年）から1997年（平成9年）にかけて岩波書店から出版された『新日本古典文学大系』の源氏物語においては三条西家本ではなくこの大島本を底本として採用することとなった。
English: There are traces of a large number of revisions in the text of this manuscript, such as misekechi (deletions that leave the original line still readable), erasures, corrections, and supplementary notes throughout almost all chapters, which appear to be by different people in different periods.
Japanese: 本写本の本文にはほぼ全帖にわたって異なる時期の異なる人物によると見られる夥しい見セケチ・抹消・訂正・補入といった大量の補訂作業の痕跡が存在している。
English: The details of these revisions are mostly left unclear in both the "Koi Genji monogatari" and the "Genji Monogatari taisei Koi hen," which was based on the former.
Japanese: 『校異源氏物語』およびこれを元にした『源氏物語大成　校異篇』ではこの補訂作業の内容はほとんど明らかにはされていない。
English: Although overall the text used as 'the original text' is as it was before being revised, there are some parts using the text after the revisions and the policy is inconsistent.
Japanese: 「底本」として採用されている本文はおおむね補訂前の本文をそのまま採用しているものの、一部に補訂後の本文を採用している場合もあり、方針が一貫していない。
English: At present, the reputation of the text of the "Genji monogatari taisei Koi hen" is as follows: 'it is difficult to say that it is a particularly accurate variorum.'
Japanese: 現在では『源氏物語大成　校異篇』の本文は「特に精度の高い校本とは言い難い。」と評されている。
English: According to the latest study, the original text before the revisions looks overall like a good-quality text of the Aobyoshi-bon line similar to the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and others, except for the chapter "Hatsune" (The First Warbler), which was considered to be a text of the Beppon line (outside the Aobyoshi-bon and Kawachi-bon lines) in the first place.
Japanese: 最近の研究によれば最初から別本系統の本文であるとされている初音帖を除いて補訂前の元々の本文は大体において藤原定家の自筆本などに近い良質の青表紙本系統の本文と見られる。
English: However, the text is not completely the same as the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and has some individual sentences that other manuscripts of the Aobyoshi-bon line do not have, and it is said to be necessary to evaluate its nature again.
Japanese: が、定家自筆本と完全に一致するわけではなく、他の青表紙系統の写本に見られない独自の本文をとっていることもあり、その性格は再検討を要すると言われている。
English: In addition, the text used to revise the manuscript is estimated to have been one similar to the text of the Kawachi-bon line.
Japanese: また補訂作業に用いられた本文は河内本系統の本文に近いものであろうとされている。
English: For detailed information on these revisions, some scholars have studied the manuscript firsthand and a part of the results has become clear in some variorums published later (e.g. "Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei Genji Monogatari " from 1993 through 1997).
Japanese: これらの補訂作業の情報はその後刊行されたいくつかの校本（例えば『新日本古典文学大系　源氏物語』1993年（平成5年）～1997年（平成9年））において一部の研究者が本写本を直接調査した結果が部分的に明らかにされてきた。
English: Then the eiinbon (a reproduction) of the Oshima manuscript was published in 1996, which made it easier to study the traces of the huge number of these revisions throughout all the chapters.
Japanese: その後1996年（平成8年）に本写本の影印本が刊行されたことにより、これらの大量の補訂作業の痕跡を全帖にわたって容易に調べることが出来るようになった。
English: Although the first eiinbon published as a book had black-and-white pictures, the manuscript was photographed using full-color film and a DVD=ROM version with full-color photographs was published in December 2007.
Japanese: 当初書籍として刊行された影印本はモノクロであったが写本の撮影そのものはフルカラーで行われており、2007年（平成19年）12月にフルカラーによるDVD-ROM版が刊行された。
English: Thanks to being digital media, various kinds of search functions were added to it.
Japanese: これにはデジタルメディアであることを利用して、様々な検索機能が付されている。
English: As for the text of the chapter "Hatsune" in the Oshima-bon manuscript, Kikan IKEDA considered it as 'not Aobyoshi-bon but Beppon,' and it was not adopted in the original text of the 'Genji monogatari taisei.'
Japanese: また、本写本の初音帖の本文については池田亀鑑によって「青表紙本ではなく別本である」とされ、「源氏物語大成」の底本への採用を見送られた。
English: Many various recensions afterwards followed this policy, but in recent years, there has appeared another theory that doubts it.
Japanese: その後の様々な校訂本においてもこの判断に従うものが多かったが、近年になってこの点について疑問を示す見解が現れている。
English: Therefore, in the "Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei," the Oshima-bon manuscript, including the chapter "Hatsune," was adopted as the original text.
Japanese: そのため、新日本古典文学大系では初音帖を含めて底本に採用されている。
English: The copies of "Kiritsubo" and "Yume no Ukihashi" were done by other hands ("Kiritsubo" was copied by Dozo and "Yume no Ukihashi" was by Docho).
Japanese: 桐壺・夢浮橋の2帖は別人（桐壺は道増、夢浮橋は道澄）による補写である。
English: There are two theories about this: one says that although the set was originally complete, some chapters got lost later and were supplemented by manuscripts written in other hands; another says that the chapters written in other hands were paired with the set when it was made in the first place.
Japanese: これについて、元々揃っていたのだがあるとき欠けてしまい、別人の手になる巻で補ったとする考え方と最初に作られた時から別人の手になる写本とセットになっていたとする考え方とがある。
English: Supervised by Bunei TSUNODA and Shinsuke MUROFUSHI, Paleological Association of Japan, Inc. and the Japan Institute of Paleological Studies, ed., "The Oshima-bon manuscript Genji Monogatari," 10 volumes (with one supplementary volume of commentary)
Japanese: 『大島本　源氏物語』全10巻（別巻1巻の解説付き）財団法人古代学協会・古代学研究所編　角田文衛・室伏信助監修
English: The Tale of Shinobine refers to a courtly romance which was completed at the end of the Heian period and was subsequently lost, or to an adaptation of a story produced during the period of Southern and Northern Courts (Japan).
Japanese: しのびねは、平安時代末期に成立しその後散逸した王朝物語、ないしは南北朝時代(日本)に成立した前者の改作本をいう。
English: Met with his father's opposition, he marries the woman whom the father has selected for him and leaves the princess.
Japanese: だが父に恋を反対された中納言は父の決めた相手と結婚し、姫君と別れる。
English: With the aid of her mother, the princess moves to a certain place within the imperial court and is recognized by the emperor.
Japanese: 姫君は母の縁によって宮中の某所に移り住んだが、そうした姿を帝に見いだされる。
English: Even so, the princess does not forget about the Chunagon (Chujo), and the lovers meet again coincidentally at the court.
Japanese: それでも姫君は中納言（中将）のことを忘れられなかったが、偶然の機会に中将と姫君は宮中で再開した。
English: Commissioned by FUJIWARA no Tadazane, it was written for Toshiyori's daughter as a guidebook on poetic composition.
Japanese: 藤原忠実の依頼によって、忠実の姫君のために書かれた作歌の手引書である。
English: The book provides detailed accounts on how waka poems are created, though it reads as a collection of anecdotes without structural coherence.
Japanese: 説話色が濃く、構成に一貫性はないものの、和歌の故事などが詳しく記されている。
English: Kara monogatari (Tales of China) is a collection of Japanese adaptations of ancient Chinese stories in the form of uta monogatari (poem-tale).
Japanese: 「唐物語」（からものがたり）は、中国の故事を翻案し歌物語の形式にした説話物語集。
English: It was most probably written and completed by FUJIWARA no Shigenori (d. 1187) in the late 12th century.
Japanese: 作者は藤原成範（～1187）である蓋然性が高く、成立は12世紀後半とされる。
English: "Kara monogatari" includes 27 short stories whose protagonists are given below.
Japanese: 『唐物語』は以下の人物を主人公とする二十七の短い物語を集成したものである。
English: The stories are mainly based on "Meng-qui" (Beginner's Guide) and Bai Juyi's "Bai-Shi Wen Ji," most of which recount well-known ancient stories.
Japanese: 『蒙求』『白氏文集』などを主要な出典とし、多くは有名な故事を題材としたものである。
English: Written in graceful classical Japanese style, the stories are strongly influenced by "The Tale of Genji" and waka poetry, with story details also differing considerably from their Chinese originals.
Japanese: 文章は『源氏物語』や和歌の影響の強い優雅な和文体で、内容的にも原典とは細部でかなりの違いが見られる。
English: No source texts have been identified for either Tale 9, where Chang Wencheng (who authored 'Youxianku' (Cave Where the Fairies Frolic)) appears as the lover of Empress Zeitan, or Tale 27, where a girl refuses to get married, flees to a mountain and sleeps with a dog; these have raised noteworthy questions in the history of Japanese literature.
Japanese: また、張文成（「遊仙窟」の作者）が則天皇后の愛人であったという第九話と、結婚を拒否して山中に逃れた娘が犬と交わるという第二七話は中国の原典が発見されておらず、文学史上注目すべき問題を提起している。
English: This is the earliest existing sequel to "The Tale of Genji," and famous as well as "Kumogakure rokujo" (six chapters of Genji's demise).
Japanese: 現在まとまって残っている『源氏物語』の補作の中では最も古いものであり、『雲隠六帖』と並んで著名なものである。
English: That is why it was given the same treatment as "The Tale of Genji" written by Murasaki Shikibu, and some of the books published during the Edo period contained the sequel together with the tale like The Tale of Genji with Illustrations.
Japanese: そのため、江戸時代までの刊本の中には絵入源氏物語のように紫式部が書いた『源氏物語』本編と同等の扱いでセットになって収録されているものもある。
English: It is clear that the chapters were not written by Murasaki Shikibu (though nobody can tell if it is a forged book or not), so it is often treated equivalent to forgery, and taken up for the study of forged books.
Japanese: 紫式部が書いたものでないことは明らかなため偽書・偽作とは言えないが、それに近い存在として偽書・偽作研究で取り上げられることは多い。
English: It is still unknown when it was completed and who wrote it, but there is an opinion that it was written between 1271 and before the Oei area.
Japanese: 成立時期や作者は未詳であるが、成立時期については以後～応永以前の間に成立したとの説がある。
English: There is a view that the author was Kenreimonin Ukyo no daibu, a daughter of FUJIWARA no Koreyuki, who wrote "Genji shaku" (Commentaries of the Tale of Genji).
Japanese: 作者については『源氏釈』の著者である藤原伊行の娘建礼門院右京大夫作との説もある。
English: After that a book called Yamaji no tsuyu was made.'
Japanese: 「その後山ちの露といふ物つくりて、たづねあひて対面し給へりと作りて侍り。」
English: Gyohen (year of birth and death unknown) was shaso (shrine priest) of Kumano-hayatama-taisha Shrine who did very splendid work from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
Japanese: 行遍（ぎょうへん、生没年未詳）は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期にかけて活躍した熊野速玉大社の社僧。
English: He was the sixth son of Yukinori, the nineteenth Kumano betto (title of an official who administered the shrines at Kumano), and his mother was Torii Zenni, the daughter of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi ('Tatsutahara no nyobo').
Japanese: 19代熊野別当行範の六男で、母は源為義女・鳥居禅尼（「たつたはらの女房」）。
English: It is still unknown, but it is considered that he was born around 1150 from the fact that his third elder brother Gyokai (second elder brother by the same mother, later known as the twenty-second Kumano betto) was born in 1146, and his fourth elder brother Hanmyo (third elder brother by the same mother, later known as the twenty-third Kumano betto). (according to "Three Mountains in Kumano and Kumano betto" by Toshiyuki SAKAMOTO, published by Seibundo Publishing Co., Ltd, 2005)
Japanese: 生年は未詳であるが、1146年生まれの3兄行快（同母次兄，後の22代熊野別当）、1148年生まれの4兄範命（同母3兄、後の23代熊野別当）との関係から、1150年前後に比定される見解が出されている（阪本敏行『熊野三山と熊野別当』（清文堂出版、2005年）より）。
English: Among classical Japanese scholars, there are two theories about 'Hokkyo Gyohen' in "Shinkokin Wakashu": one is that the Gyohen was onshi (a low-ranking Shinto priest), who was from Kumano and a shaso of Kumano-hayatama-taisha Shrine, while the other is that it was daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order), Gyohen (1181-1264), one of the four chief priests of To-ji Temple, who did remarkable work during the mid-Kamakura period.
Japanese: 国文学界には、『新古今和歌集』の「法橋行遍」を、熊野出身で熊野速玉大社の社僧・御師を家業とする行遍とする説と、鎌倉時代中期に活躍した東寺四長者の1人である大僧正行遍（1181年-1264年）とする説がある。
English: However, there are many corroborated materials to support the former theory, while there are none to support the latter except a note on Ninsonshi Gyohen about the genealogy of Daigo-Genji (Minamoto clan) collected in "Sonpi Bunmyaku" (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy).
Japanese: しかし、前者を支持する説には多くの証拠資料があるのに対し、後者を支持する説には『尊卑分脈』醍醐源氏系図の任尊子行遍への注以外（「新古作者」と記載）にこれといって証拠となる資料がない。
English: The people with whom I was on close terms died one after another, and every time when I wrote sotoba (a narrow wooden plank), my sleeve got wet with my tears. (with Kotobagaki (foreword))
Japanese: みし人はよにもなぎさのもしほ草かきおくたびに袖ぞしほるる（詞書付き）
English: Strangely, the moon disappeared behind a cloud on my way home. I wonder if I stayed too long out of fondness for the good old days and it was far into the night, or our past stories made me cry. (with Kotobagaki)
Japanese: あやしくぞかへさは月のくもりにし昔がたりによやふけにけむ（詞書付き）
English: According to the foreword to the third poem, when Gyohen was young, he studied the art of composing tanka poetry under Saigyo who was leading an ascetic life at Kumano following the custom of shaso or onshi of Kumano Shingu.
Japanese: 3.の詞書によると、行遍は若年の頃、熊野新宮の社僧・御師としてその家業に従いつつ、熊野で修行する西行から歌道を学んでいる。
English: It is conjectured that he did it between the latter half of the 1160s and the first half of the 1170s.
Japanese: その時期は1160年代後半から1170年代前半にかけての時期と推定されている。
English: In 1204, Kumano Gyohen Hokkyo visited FUJIWARA no Teika, one of the selectors of "Shinkokin Wakashu," having a talk with him about Saigyo (1118-1190) and others with nostalgia ("Meigetsuki," July 20, 1204), as a result, four of his poems were selected under the name of 'Hokkyo Gyohen' for "Shinkokin Wakashu."
Japanese: 元久元年（1204年）、熊野行遍法橋は、『新古今和歌集』の撰者の1人である藤原定家を訪ね、西行（1118年-1190年）のことなどを懐かしく語り合った（『明月記』元久元年6月15日条）結果、『新古今和歌集』に「法橋行遍」という名前で上記の4首が入撰された。
English: In 1205, he became hogen (the second highest rank for a Buddhist priests) on the recommendation of his older brother, the 23rd Kumano Betto Hanmyo. ("Meigetsuki" - Chronicles of the Bright Moon) February 10, 1204)
Japanese: 元久2年（1205年）、実兄の23代熊野別当範命の推挙により、法眼となる（『明月記』元久元年元日条）。
English: Engo (verbal association) is a rhetorical technique in waka poetry, where two or more semantically associated words are used in a poem to express one's sentiments.
Japanese: 縁語（えんご）とは、一首の中に意味上関連する語を連想的に2つ以上用いることで歌に情趣を持たせる、和歌の修辞技法のひとつ。
English: Tamano "o" yo "tae" nabataene "nagaraheba" shinoburukoto no "yowari" mozosuru (Let the "cord" of my life be "snapped" if it has to be; Were it "prolonged," it would "fray" as I would not be able to hide this love any longer [In this poem, the "o" refers to both a "cord" and "life," "tae" means to "die out"])
Japanese: 玉の「緒」よ「絶え」なば絶えね「ながらへば」しのぶることの「弱り」もぞする
English: It deals with the events of the whole year which happened to the main character, Hikaru Genji, between the autumn at age 18 and the next autumn at age 19.
Japanese: 主人公光源氏の十八歳の秋から十九歳の秋までの一年の出来事を描いた巻である。
English: The central events are the fiftieth birthday ceremony of Suzakuin (Ichi no In; according to one theory, the father of Emperor Kiritsubo; a different man from Hikaru Genji's older brother), and Fujitsubo's childbirth and investiture of the Empress.
Japanese: 中心となる話題は朱雀院（一の院・一説に桐壺帝の父親。光源氏の兄とは別人）五十歳の祝典、藤壺の出産と立后である。
English: Emperor Kiritsubo was carried away due to his beloved Fujitsubo's pregnancy, planning to make the auspicious event of Ichi no In's fiftieth birthday ceremony more impressive, so his retainers also became restless, preparing for bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing).
Japanese: 桐壺帝は最愛の藤壺が懐妊した喜びに酔いしれ、一の院の五十歳の誕生日の式典という慶事をより盛大なものにしようという意向を示しているため、臣下たちも舞楽の準備で浮き足立っている。
English: However, Fujitsubo's child, who was expected so enthusiastically, was in fact, not Emperor Kiritsubo's, but the child of his beloved son, Hikaru Genji.
Japanese: ところが、それほどまでに望まれていた藤壺の子は桐壺帝の御子ではなく、その最愛の息子光源氏の子であった。
English: Both of them would surely be ruined, if it was revealed to the influential people who sided with the Minister of the Right, especially Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden), the mother of Emperor Suzaku and Fujitsubo's rival, moreover the woman who persecuted Genji's mother.
Japanese: このことが右大臣側の勢力、特に朱雀帝の母で藤壺のライバル、また源氏の母を迫害した張本人である弘徽殿女御に発覚したら二人の破滅は確実だった。
English: Nonetheless, young Genji rashly kept sending Fujitsubo letters, asking his close court lady to see her.
Japanese: しかし、若い源氏は向こう見ずにも藤壺に手紙を送り、また親しい女官を通して面会を求め続けていた。
English: Fujitsubo decided that she would keep the truth to herself, and would not see Genji at all.
Japanese: 藤壷は一人秘密を抱えとおす決意をし、源氏との一切の交流を持とうとしない。