nntsuzu/KFTT huggingface dataset:
English: Mashita Domain and Nomura Domain had also existed as a line of Yurakusai, however, they were abolished due to having no successor in the early Edo period.
Japanese: 有楽斎の系統は他に味舌藩、野村藩が存在したが、これらは江戸時代初期に除封、無嗣断絶している。
English: A plot of Usa Hachiman-gu Oracle is an incident in which Dokyo is assumed to try to ascend the throne based on an oracle that says 'Dokyo should ascend the throne'; this oracle was given to Empress Shotoku (Empress Koken) from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine (present-day Usa City, Oita Prefecture) in 769.
Japanese: 宇佐八幡宮神託事件（うさはちまんぐうしんたくじけん）とは奈良時代の神護景雲3年（769年）、宇佐八幡宮（大分県宇佐市）より称徳天皇（孝謙天皇）に対して「道鏡が皇位に就くべし」との託宣を受けて、道鏡が天皇位を得ようとしたとされる事件である。
English: The incident ended when Empress Shotoku issued an imperial rescript on November 17 of the same year, declaring that she would not let Dokyo ascend the Imperial Throne.
Japanese: 同年10月1日(旧暦)（11月7日）に称徳天皇が詔を発し、道鏡には皇位は継がせないと宣言したため、事件の決着がついた。
English: YUGE no Dokyo, a Hosso sect priest, earned Retired Empress Koken's trust and advanced in his career since he cured her illness.
Japanese: 弓削道鏡は法相宗の僧で、孝謙上皇の病を治したことからその信頼を得て出世。
English: FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who was the most influential figure in the world of politics, came into collision with the Retired Empress Koken and in 764 he raised a rebellion (Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro); thereupon the Retired Empress gathered the court nobles who had discontent in the autocracy of Nakamaro and destroyed him.
Japanese: 天平宝字8年（764年）、孝謙上皇と対立した最高実力者・藤原仲麻呂が反乱を起こす（藤原仲麻呂の乱）と上皇は仲麻呂の専制に不満を持つ貴族たちを結集して仲麻呂を滅ばした。
English: After the rebellion, the Retired Empress dethroned Emperor Junnin, who had ascended the throne with the recommendation of Nakamaro, with the military power, and made Emperor Junnin exile to Awaji Province; thereafter she declared that she herself would ascend the throne again.
Japanese: 乱後、上皇は仲麻呂の推挙で天皇に立てられた淳仁天皇を武力をもって廃位して淡路国に流刑にすると、自らが再度天皇に復位する（重祚）ことを宣言した。
English: Under the Empress Shotoku, who was the Retired Empress Koken and who restored to the throne, Dokyo became her right hand and in 765 he became Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) without leaving his priesthood; in the next year (766) he became Hoo (Emperor of the Buddhist Law).
Japanese: 復位した称徳天皇のもとで道鏡はその片腕となり、天平神護元年（765年）には僧籍のまま太政大臣となり、翌2年（766年）には法王となる。
English: However, most of the anti-Nakamaro faction of the court nobles cooperated with the Retired Empress just to remove Nakamaro from the political world; they did not mean that they approve of the Empress Koken, who had once entered into priesthood, return to the throne; much less the advancement of Dokyo to the political world.
Japanese: だが、反仲麻呂派の貴族の大勢はあくまでも仲麻呂の政界からの排除のために上皇に協力しただけであり、一度は出家して尼になった筈の孝謙上皇の復位やましてや道鏡の政界進出に賛同したわけではなかった。
English: In addition, because the Empress Shotoku was a single person, there was no candidate for Crown Prince.
Japanese: おまけに称徳天皇は独身であったために子供はおらず、皇太子は立てられなかった。
English: Therefore, the person who would succeed the Empress Shotoku and ascend the Imperial Throne was the biggest subject of concern for the court nobles.
Japanese: このため、称徳天皇後の皇位は誰が継ぐのかが貴族達の最大の関心事となった。
English: The Empress was also keenly aware of this atmosphere, and purges to the Imperial family were done one after another as follows: the dethroned Emperor Junnin's mysterious death, the sudden execution of the Prince Wake, sudden abridgment of register of the Imperial family from Imperial Princess Fuwa who was a younger paternal half-sister of the Empress; accordingly, the subject of the succession to the Imperial Throne became virtually a taboo.
Japanese: 天皇もこの空気を敏感に察しており、淡路に流された廃帝（淳仁天皇）の謎の死、和気王の突然の処刑、天皇の異母妹である不破内親王の皇籍剥奪など皇族に対する粛清が次々と行われていき、皇位継承問題は事実上のタブーとなっていった。
English: In June of 769, YUGE no Kiyohito, who was a younger brother of Dokyo and was Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices) and SUGE no Asomaro, who was Dazai no Kanzukasa (Head Shinto Priest of Kyushu, stationed in Dazaifu), reported an oracle from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to the Empress Shotoku, stating that 'if Dokyo ascends to the Imperial Throne, the world will be in peace'; Dokyo himself wanted to ascend the Imperial Throne (Shoku Nihongi [Chronicle of Japan Continued] Botsuden).
Japanese: 神護景雲3年（769年）5月、道鏡の弟で大宰帥の弓削浄人と大宰主神の習宣阿曾麻呂（すげのあそまろ）は「道鏡を皇位に付ければ天下は太平になる」という内容の宇佐八幡宮の神託を奏上し、自ら皇位に就くことを望む（続紀没伝）。
English: Empress Shotoku was requested to dispatch Hokin (WAKE no Hiromushi, a court lady who was working for Empress Shotoku) from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine; instead, the Empress sent WAKE no Kiyomaro, a younger brother of Hokin, as the Empress thought that the fragile Hokin could not bear the long trip to Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine.
Japanese: 称徳天皇は宇佐八幡から法均（和気広虫）の派遣を求められ、虚弱な法均に長旅は堪えられぬとして、弟である和気清麻呂を派遣した。
English: After dedicating a treasure, Kiyomaro tried to read the Imperial edict in which the Empress requested the god to reveal an oracle; then, the god revealed his oracle through the Shinto priestess, KARASHIMA no Suguriyosome and rejected to listen to the Imperial edict.
Japanese: 宝物を奉り宣命の文を読もうとした時、神が禰宜の辛嶋勝与曽女（からしまのすぐりよそめ）に託宣、宣命を訊くことを拒む。
English: When Yosome asked the god to reveal himself again, a big god, about nine meters tall in the shape of a priest, appeared.
Japanese: 与曽女が再び神に顕現を願うと、身の丈三丈、およそ9mの僧形の大神が出現。
English: The big god refused to listen to the Imperial edict; however, Kiyomaro did bring an oracle given from the big god to Yamato and reported about it; the content of the oracle is as follows: 'Without doubt, the person who succeeds the present Emperor will be a person with the Imperial family name.'
Japanese: 大神は再度宣命を訊くことを拒むが、清麻呂は「天の日継は必ず帝の氏を継がしめむ」という大神の神託を大和に持ち帰り奏上する。
English: Empress Shotoku who wanted to make Dokyo Emperor was indignant after listening to the report and demoted Kiyomaro to Inaba no Ingainoge for the time being, later made him change his name to 'WAKEBE no Kitanamaro' and exiled him to Osumi Province; his sister Hiromushi was also punished by being forced to change her name to 'WAKEBE no Hiromushime.'
Japanese: 道鏡を天皇に就けたがっていたと言われる称徳天皇は報告を聞いて怒り、清麻呂を因幡員外介にいったん左遷、さらに「別部穢麻呂（わけべのきたなまろ）」と改名させて大隅国へ配流し、姉の広虫も「別部広虫売（わけべのひろむしめ）」と改名させられて処罰された。
English: Afterwards, on November 7 of the same year Empress Shotoku issued an imperial rescript and expressed her intention to the Imperial family members and court retainers by quoting Emperor Shomu's words that they were forbidden to seek the Imperial Throne for no reason, and as for the next heir to the Imperial Throne, the Empress Shotoku herself would decide taking the will of Emperor Shomu into consideration.
Japanese: その後、この年の10月1日に詔を発し、皇族や諸臣らに対して聖武天皇の言葉を引用して、妄りに皇位を求めてはならない事、次期皇位継承者は聖武天皇の意向によって自ら（称徳天皇）自身が決める事を改めて表明する。
English: When the empress died in 770, Prince Shirakabe was decided as the Crown Prince; Dokyo was demoted to Shimotsuke Yakushi-ji Temple in Shimotsuke Province.
Japanese: 宝亀元年（770年）に女帝が死去すると、皇太子は白壁王と決定され、道鏡は下野国の下野薬師寺へ左遷（配流）された。
English: In the official address Prince Shirakabe made when he became the Crown Prince (on September 18, 770), there were following words: 'Dokyo was looking for the opportunity to ascend the Imperial Throne'; however, there was absolutely no mention of concrete action in terms of the Dokyo's side.
Japanese: なお、この時（宝亀元年8月21日）の白壁王の令旨に「道鏡が皇位をうかがった」とする文言があるものの、具体的に道鏡のどのような行動を指すのかには全く触れられていない。
English: The details of this incident are described in the history book "Shoku Nihongi"; WAKE no Kiyomaro, who prevented a political conspiracy of Dokyo, was often taken up in history education in Japan before the Word War Ⅱas 'a model of royal subject'; however, during the Edo period Norinaga MOTOORI had already expressed his doubts on the credibility of the series of mythical incidents, and in recent years there exist views which advocate that the articles in "Shoku Nihongi" include artifacts to justify the enthronement of Emperor Konin (the oracle does not touch on the succession to the Imperial Throne).
Japanese: この事件については歴史書『続日本紀』に詳細が書かれ、道鏡の政治的陰謀を阻止した和気清麻呂が「忠臣の鑑」として戦前の歴史教育においてしばしば取り上げられてきたが、既に江戸時代に本居宣長によって一連の神話的な事件の流れに懐疑的な説が唱えられ、近年には『続日本紀』の記事には光仁天皇の即位を正当化するための作為が含まれている（神託には皇位継承については触れられていない）とする説も存在する。
English: According to the opinion of Yasuhiro NAKANISHI and others in recent years, Dokyo's plot to ascend the Imperial Throne might have been 'added' by people in the later generations from the reasons that the exile to Shimotsuke was too light if Dokyo really aimed at ascending the Imperial Throne since it is a serious crime falling under the maximum penalty, and that people related to Dokyo including Kiyohito were not punished by the capital punishment.
Japanese: 近年の中西康裕らの説では、道鏡が実際に皇位を狙ったとすれば極刑に該当する重罪であるにも関わらず称徳天皇崩御後の下野への流刑は罰としてはあまりにも軽く、浄人ら一族関係者にも死罪が出ていないことから、皇位継承を企てたという説は「後付」ではないかとされる。
English: However, there is an opinion that the oracle on moving the capital to Yugenomiya has no solid ground and it remains within the realm of speculation.
Japanese: しかし、神託由義宮遷都説は根拠が憶測の域を越えるものではないとする見方もある。
English: In addition, some people pointed out that after official investiture of the Crown Prince by Fujiwara clan, the Prince Osabe was dethroned and died unnaturally.
Japanese: また、他戸王が立太子後に藤原氏によって廃位されて後に変死しているという指摘もある。
English: On the other hand, it is difficult to find the evidence that Dokyo was deeply involved in this incident because of the following reasons; Empress Shotoku did not proceed with the move to let Dokyo ascend the throne based on the first oracle although she could have done so after she and Dokyo denied the second oracle and exiled Kiyomaro; furthermore, there was no active movement in the opposition factions such as Fujiwara clan concerning the removal of Empress Shotoku or Dokyo using this incident as a legitimate reason.
Japanese: その一方で、称徳天皇や道鏡が清麻呂を流した事で2番目の神託を否認した以上、最初の神託に基づいて道鏡への皇位継承を進めることも可能であった筈なのに事件以後に全くそうした動きを見せていない事や逆に藤原氏らの反対派がこの事件を直接の大義名分として天皇や道鏡排除に積極的に動いていない事から、道鏡がこの事件に深く関わっていたとする証拠を見出す事は困難である。
English: In addition, although the Fujiwara clans had all agreed on the enthronement of the Prince Shirakabe, there was a confrontation from an early stage regarding the next emperor, between the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan including FUJIWARA no Nagate who recommended Prince Osabe among children of Prince Shirakabe, and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan including FUJIWARA no Momokawa who recommended Emperor Kanmu (later Emperor Kanmu); also the dethronement of the Imperial Prince Osabe took place right after the political power shifted from the Northern House to the Ceremonial House.
Japanese: また、白壁王の擁立については藤原氏一族は一致していたものの、その次の天皇については早い段階で白壁王の子供のうち、他戸王を推す藤原永手ら藤原北家と桓武天皇（後の桓武天皇）を推す藤原百川ら藤原式家との間で意見の対立があり、他戸皇太子の廃位も政権の主体が北家から式家に移った直後に発生している。
English: Therefore, it is thought that there was no contradiction between the enthronement of Emperor Konin and the Crown Prince Osabe carried out under the leadership of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan and the dethronement of the Crown Prince after the change of political power to the Ceremonial House.
Japanese: これらのことから、北家主導下で光仁擁立→他戸立太子が行われた事と式家への政権移行後にその廃太子が行われた事には矛盾は無いと考えられている。
English: Against this theory by NAKANISHI, Hiroshi HOSOI denies it, by stating that when "Shoku Nihongi" criticizes the Dokyo administration, it presents a fact that forms a pair such as "disclosure of injustice" in later dates, and it is hard to believe that the author added fiction to the part which deals with the oracle only.
Japanese: この中西説に対して、細井浩志は『続日本紀』が道鏡政権を批判する際には、後日に"不正の暴露"などの形で対になる事実を提示しており、神託事件についてのみ創作を加えたとは考えにくいとして、中西説を否定している。
English: That the Empress Shotoku (Retired Empress Koken) did not give up the right to appoint the heir to the Imperial Throne by firmly maintaining the position of being the direct descendant of the Emperor Tenmu since the era of the Emperor Junnin;
Japanese: そもそも称徳天皇（孝謙上皇）は淳仁天皇時代から天武天皇系皇統の嫡流であるとする立場を堅持し続けて皇位継承者の選任権を手放さなかったこと。
English: That the Empress Shotoku emphasized her intention again to appoint the successor to the Imperial Throne herself in an imperial rescript issued in November 769, which was after the incident; (Since the time of Taro SAKAMOTO [historian], this has been interpreted as the renunciation to let Dokyo ascend the throne; Hosoi thinks that it was no more than that the empress only emphasized her intention to enthrone a person in her mind [including Dokyo] while cautioning Imperial family members and court nobles not to act rashly.)
Japanese: 事件後の神護景雲3年10月の詔勅によって称徳天皇自身が改めて皇位継承者を自らが決める意思を強調していること（坂本太郎(歴史学者)以来、これを道鏡への譲位断念と解釈されるが、細井は皇族の軽挙を戒めているが、天皇が意中の人物（道鏡を含めて）を求める旨を強調したに過ぎないとする）。
English: From the above, HOSOI makes a point that the true ringleader of this incident was none other than Empress Shotoku herself, and the true nature of this incident was that the empress used the oracle from the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to overcome the problem that the person whom she wanted to appoint as her successor was Dokyo who was from a non Imperial family.
Japanese: 以上のことから、事件の真の首謀者は他ならぬ称徳天皇自身であったとし、指名者が非皇族の道鏡であったという問題点を克服するために宇佐八幡宮の神託を利用したのが事件の本質であったとしている。
English: HOSOI thinks that the demotion of Dokyo is a typical political change of the time and that the reason Kiyomaro did not receive an important position in the court of Emperor Konin was that originally he came from a powerful local clan and he was a member of close advisers to Emperor Shotoku and his connection with the side of Emperor Konin was not so close.
Japanese: 道鏡の左遷はこの時代の典型的な政変であり、清麻呂が光仁朝で重用されなかったのは、彼が元々地方豪族出身でなおかつ称徳天皇の側近層であった以上、光仁天皇側とのつながりは希薄だったと解している。
English: He thinks that things described in "Shoku Nihongi" are generally accurate except that the author avoided to write clearly that the true ringleader of this Oracle Incident was the Empress Shotoku, who eventually approved Emperor Konin as her successor.
Japanese: 『続日本紀』の記述は光仁天皇を最終的に皇位継承者として認めた称徳天皇が神託事件の首謀者であった点をぼかした以外は事実をほぼ忠実に伝えていると解している。
English: (In Hosoi's view Empress made Prince Shirakabe her successor at the final stage to prevent 'enthronement of the Emperor by the whole body of officials'.)
Japanese: （細井説では、「群臣による天皇擁立」を阻止するために、称徳天皇が最後の段階で自らの手で白壁王を後継としたとしている。）
English: Some advocate that Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine side is strongly involved in this incident rather than the Dokyo side.
Japanese: また、この事件には道鏡側よりも宇佐八幡宮側の事情が強く関わっているという説もある。
English: According to Izumo YAMAKAMI, a priestess Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade] given to persons outside Kyoto) OGA no Morime and Juhachiinoge (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade) Kantsukasa no Tsukasa (chief priest) OGA no Tamaro visited Heijo-kyo (the capital of the Nara period) from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine in 749 to dedicate the oracle which says the god would help the completion of the statue of Birushana Buddha in Toda-ji Temple.
Japanese: 山上伊豆母によれば、天平感宝元年（749年）に宇佐八幡宮から祢宜の外従五位下・大神社女と主神司従八位下・大神田麻呂が建設中の東大寺盧舎那仏像を支援すると言う神託を奉じて平城京を訪れた。
English: By this visit of Heijo-kyo, Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine was given fuko (salary) and title of 'Hachiman Daibosatsu'; also the two people who actually visited the capital were given the kabane (hereditary title) of Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) and the official rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and Ge-jugoinoge, respectively.
Japanese: これによって宇佐八幡宮は封戸と「八幡大菩薩」の称号を授けられ、これを勧進した両名にもそれぞれ朝臣のカバネと従四位下と外従五位下の官位が授けられた。
English: However, in 754 the two were deprived of the official rank and the kabane and exiled as they were believed to have executed black magic together with the priest Gyoshin from Yakushi-ji Temple.
Japanese: ところが、天平勝宝6年（754年）にはこの時の両名が薬師寺の行信と組んで厭魅を行ったとして位階と姓の剥奪と流刑に処せられた。
English: This is said to have occurred because the government was afraid that the social influence of Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine, which was said to be a shrine that originally worshipped a local god of Kyushu region, grew so much that it would become a threat to the religious order centered on the Imperial family, Imperial household religious rites formed by the Ritsuryo system and the nation protection thought, and Buddhism.
Japanese: これは本来は九州地方固有の神を祀った神社であったとも言われている宇佐八幡宮の社会的影響力の増大が、皇室と律令制・鎮護国家が形成する皇室祭祀と仏教を基軸とする宗教的秩序に対する脅威になる事を危惧したからだと言われている。
English: Furthermore, it is said that in the following year Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine reported the second oracle, which revealed that the oracle of the preceding year was false and therefore Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine offered return of fuko (salary) to the government.
Japanese: 更に翌年には宇佐八幡宮からの再度の神託があり、先年の神託が偽神託であったとして封戸の返却を申し出たとされている。
English: However, the view points out that the Oracle Incident can be seen as an extension of the attempt by the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to regain power by approaching Dokyo side, from the fact that FUJIWARA no Nakamaro who had given a significant influence in establishing this course of event fell from power, and instead, Dokyo who was a Buddhist priest but at the same time had a characteristic of a spiritual medium such as actively conducting prayers, took over the center of the politics.
Japanese: だが、この路線確立に大きな影響力を与えてきた藤原仲麻呂が失脚して、仏教僧でありながら積極的に祈祷を行うなどの前代の巫的要素を併せ持った道鏡が政権の中枢に立ったことによって、宇佐八幡宮側が失地回復を目指して道鏡側に対して接触を試みた延長線上に同事件を位置づけられるという。
English: Tanko is one of the formal names of Ko (armor) used between Yayoi Period and Tumulus Period.
Japanese: 短甲（たんこう）は弥生時代から古墳時代にかけて用いられた甲（鎧、よろい）の形式名のひとつ。
English: They were crafted to fit human torsos using square and triangular iron plates or leathers, those plates or leathers were tacked down and equipped with opening and closing hinge apparatus.
Japanese: 方形や三角形の鉄板や革などの素材を人間の胴体に合うように加工し、板を合わせて鋲で留め蝶番による開閉装置が施された。
English: The Ko (armor) unearthed as burial goods have 2 forms, and the name 'Tanko' was applied corresponding to armors for foot soldiers and cavalrymen in archaeology or historical science of Meiji era because 'Tanko' and 'Keiko (lacquered armor for ceremony)' appeared in the document of Nara period "Todai-ji Temple Kenmotsu-cho (Lists of Treasures dedicated to Temples)"(in 756) and "the Engishiki" (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers).
Japanese: 副葬品として出土する甲には2代形式があり、「短甲」の呼称は奈良時代の文献である『東大寺献物帳』（天平勝宝8歳・756年）や『延喜式』などの文献において「短甲」と「挂甲」の記述や見られるため、明治期の考古学や歴史学において歩兵用と騎馬兵用に対応するとして「短甲」の名称が当てられた。
English: According to documents, 'Tanko ichiryo' means the armor covered only torso and 'Tanko ichigu' means complete equipment including Kusazuri tassets, samurai warrior helmet, pauldron, neck armor, gauntlet and shin guard, though there is no example of complete equipment unearthed.
Japanese: 文献においては「短甲一領」が胴部のみのものを意味し、「短甲一具」が草摺や冑、肩甲、頸甲、篭手、脛当などの装備一式を意味すると考えられているが、一具の出土例は見られない。
English: The Tanko existing now are mainly made of iron or gilt bronze, however, some pointed out that it is possible organic material was also used to make them and various Tanko made of organic material such as wood, leather and knitted plant fiber with lacquer on it were unearthed from the remains of the late Yayoi period in recent years.
Japanese: 現存するのは主に鉄製や金銅製のものであるが、有機質材料が併用されていた可能性が指摘されており、近年は弥生時代終末期の遺跡から木製や革製、植物繊維を編んで漆を塗ったものなどさまざまな有機質材料の短甲も出土している。
English: The wooden Tanko was crafted by hollowing out the log other than curved part or by putting square plants together with lacquer on it, and some of them have decoration such as pattern and color on it.
Japanese: 木製短甲は丸太の湾曲部を残して刳り貫いたものや、方形板を合わせて漆を塗ったもので、文様や着色などの装飾が施されているものもある。
English: The wooden Tanko used the form binding the back part and chest part (torso) made separately together by thread, unearthed from the ditch of Iba remains in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture of the late Yayoi period, and from the ditch of Tsuboi remains in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture of Tumulus period.
Japanese: 木製短甲は、背側と胸（胴部）側を別個につくり、紐で綴じ合わせる型式のもので、弥生時代後期の静岡県浜松市伊庭遺跡の溝から出土し、古墳時代の実例は、奈良県橿原市坪井遺跡の前期の溝から出土している。
English: The former Tanko was made of a willow, and the frontal torso part and back part have been unearthed.
Japanese: 前者の短甲はヤナギ材でつくられており、前胴に当たる部分と背当ての部分の2点が出土している。
English: There are patterns such as doshinen-mon design, spiral-mon design, parallel lines-mon design, feather-mon design and triangle-mon design clearly curved convexly on them.
Japanese: 表面には同心円文や渦巻文、平行線文、羽状文、三角文などの文様が凸状に明瞭に刻まれている。
English: They are believed to have been used as a ceremonial implement not used in an actual battle since they are made of wood and have magical patterns.
Japanese: 材質が木製であることや呪術的な文様などから実戦用ではなく祭具用と考えられている。
English: The Tanko made by iron appeared in Tumulus period, and Yokohagiitabyodome (nailing horizontally long iron plates together) prevailed as a stable form.
Japanese: 古墳時代には鉄製短甲が出現し、横矧板鋲留が安定した形式として普及する。
English: By 6th century, Keiko had replaced them and Tanko made after that were not unearthed.
Japanese: 6世紀には出土遺物としては見られなくなり、桂甲（けいこう）に代わられている。
English: The armors used by Chinese foot soldiers had so much effect on them that Keiko made around the same time influenced by armors for cavalry of nomad in northern China was found.
Japanese: 中国の歩兵用の鎧の影響が色濃く、同時期に用いられた鎧に、中国北方の遊牧民の騎兵用の鎧の影響を色濃く受けた挂甲（けいこう）がある。
English: And some suggested the opening and closing system of torso part used on Tanko was inherited by Oyoroi (big armor) in Heian period.
Japanese: また、平安時代の大鎧には短甲の胴部開閉方式が継承されているとする指摘もある。
English: Although it is commonly believed that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA founded the Edo shogunate, there is another theory that suggests an imposter took the place of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA at some stage of his life.
Japanese: 徳川家康の影武者説（とくがわいえやすのかげむしゃせつ）、は江戸幕府を開いた徳川家康の生涯は通説で考えられているものと異なり、人生のいずれかの段階で別人と入れ替わったという俗説。
English: Opinions differ as to when the imposter took over, but none of these theories have been tested academically.
Japanese: 入れ替わった段階をいつととらえるかによって説の内容は異なるが、いずれの説もアカデミズムによって検討される段階に達していない。
English: This article will discuss the theory presented by Soichiro MURAOKA, a local official in the Meiji Period, that an imposter took the place of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA immediately after the Battle of Okehazama.
Japanese: この項では明治時代の地方官であった村岡素一郎が唱えた桶狭間の合戦直後に入れ替わったという説を主に扱う。
English: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was considered the God King in the Edo Period and no one has doubted his origin.
Japanese: 徳川家康は江戸時代を通じて神君とされていたため、その出自を疑う者はいなかった。
English: In April 1902, Soichiro MURAOKA presented the Ieyasu TOKUGAWA Imposter Theory in a book entitled "Questioning the History of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA", published by Minyu Company and managed by Soho TOKUTOMI, a historian from the Meiji Period to the Taisho Period.
Japanese: 明治35年（1902年）4月、徳富蘇峰が経営する民友社から、地方官吏であった村岡素一郎が『史疑徳川家康事蹟』という本を出版し、家康の影武者説を唱えた。
English: The preface of the book was written by Yasutsugu SHIGENO, Cabinet Editor for Historical Materials and Professor of Tokyo University.
Japanese: 同書には内閣修史編修官兼東京帝国大学教授・重野安繹がこの著書の序文に協力している。
English: At his coming-of-age ceremony, the true head of the MATSUDAIRA (TOKUGAWA) Clan identified himself as "Jiro Saburo Motonobu MATSUDAIRA".
Japanese: 元服して松平二郎三郎元信と名乗った人物は、正真正銘の松平（徳川氏）の当主である。
English: Takechiyo (then known as Motoyasu) played an important role in the Battle of Okehazama as the spearhead of the IMAGAWA army.
Japanese: 桶狭間の戦いで今川軍の先鋒として活躍したのも、この竹千代（当時は元康）である。
English: Motoyasu gained independence after the death of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA in the Battle of Okehazama, but died suddenly several years later.
Japanese: しかし元康は桶狭間の戦いで今川義元が死去した後に独立したが、数年後に不慮の死を遂げた。
English: MURAOKA argues that Ieyasu became a different person at this point and makes reference to an account written on September 14, 1612 in the "Records of Sunpu Government" by Razan HAYASHI.
Japanese: そして、その後に現れる家康は、世良田二郎三郎元信という、全くの別人が成り代わったものであるという説を村岡が着想したのは、林羅山の著書『駿府政事録』の1612年（慶長17年）8月19日の記述である。
English: Mataemon offered Ieyasu in exchange for 5 kan (former Japanese currency), and so from the age of 9 until 18 or 19, Ieyasu stayed in Sunpu.'
Japanese: 「銭五貫にて御所を売り奉るの時、9歳より18、9歳に至るまで、駿府に御座の由、談られ給う。」
English: Mataemon sold Ieyasu for 5 kan, and so from the age of 9 until he was 18 or 19, he stayed in Sunpu.)
Japanese: 銭五貫で御所（家康）を売った時、九歳から一八、九歳まで駿府にいたことを語られた。）
English: It was Hirotada MATSUDAIRA's intention to sell his son Takechiyo (Ieyasu) to Sunpu at that time in order to gain the support of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.
Japanese: 当時、松平広忠は今川義元の庇護を受けるため、息子の竹千代（家康）を駿府に人質として送ろうとしていた。
English: However, Yasumitsu TODA, the lord of Tawara Domain and father of Tahara GOZEN (wife of Hirotada MATSUDAIRA) betrayed the IMAGAWA and MATSUDAIRA families by selling Takechiyo to Nobuhide ODA.
Japanese: しかし、広忠の妻田原御前の父である田原領主の戸田康光が今川家と松平家を裏切り、竹千代は織田信秀のもとへ売られた。
English: Nobuhiro ODA, Nobunaga's older brother but born of a concubine, was later defeated and captured by the IMAGAWA army, at which time Ieyasu was exchanged for Nobuhiro and sent to Sunpu.
Japanese: 後に信長の庶兄である織田信広が今川軍に敗れて捕らえられたため、その信広と交換されて駿府に送られた。