nlpai-lab/mirage huggingface dataset:
Gray's biopsychological theory of personality
The Biopsychological Theory of Personality was created in 1970 after Gray disagreed with Hans Eysenck's arousal theory that dealt with biological personality traits. According to Eysenck, differences in extraversion are a result of differences in sensitivity of the ascending reticular activating system. People with less sensitive systems are not easily aroused and seek additional stimulation, resulting in an extraverted personality. People with more sensitive systems are overstimulated and try to avoid additional stimulation, resulting in an introverted personality. The development of the biopsychological theory of personality occurred during Gray's time at Oxford where he was a fellow and lecturer. Gray's main critique of Eysenck’s theory was that introverts are not more sensitive to conditioning, but are more responsive to non reward and punishment. The evidence Gray collected for his hypothesis on the biological basis of personality comes from blink tests done on humans and studies done on animals injected with sodium amobarbital. Using animal subjects allows researchers to test whether different areas of the brain are responsible for different learning mechanisms. Specifically, Gray's theory concentrated on understanding how reward or punishment related to anxiety and impulsivity measures. His research and further studies have found that reward and punishment are under the control of separate systems and as a result people can have different sensitivities to such rewarding or punishing stimuli. Behavioral inhibition system. The behavioral inhibition system (BIS), as proposed by Gray, is a neuropsychological system that predicts an individual's response to anxiety-relevant cues in a given environment.

Question: who developed his approach to personality based on the reticular activation system
Answer: Hans Eysenck
Embassy of the United States, Rome
Diplomatic mission of the United States to Italy
The Embassy of the United States of America in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America to the Italian Republic. The embassy's chancery is situated in the Palazzo Margherita, Via Vittorio Veneto, Rome. The United States also maintains consulates general in Milan, Florence and Naples, and consular agencies in Genoa, Palermo, and Venice. The diplomatic mission comprises several sections and offices, such as the public affairs section and its cultural office. The current United States Ambassador to Italy is former Delaware Governor Jack Markell. Markell presented his credentials as Ambassador on September 23, 2023. Two other American diplomatic missions are located in Rome. The Embassy of the United States to the Holy See, previously located on Aventine Hill, moved to new headquarters in September 2015 in a separate building on the same compound as the United States Embassy Rome, while the United States Mission to the UN Agencies in Rome is located in a third building on the same compound since December 2011, when they moved from their former location at Piazza del Popolo. Terrorism. On June 10, 1987, a rocket attack hit the embassy, however no one was hurt. Junzo Okudaira, a member of the Japanese Red Army, was suspected to have carried out the attack. References. &lt;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /&gt;

Question: where is the us embassy located in italy
Answer: Palazzo Margherita, Via Vittorio Veneto, Rome
Kitchener Rangers
Ontario Hockey League team in Kitchener
The Kitchener Rangers are a major junior ice hockey team based in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Midwest Division of the Western Conference of the Ontario Hockey League. The Rangers have won the J. Ross Robertson Cup as OHL champions in 1981, 1982, 2003 and 2008. They have appeared in six Memorial Cups (1981, 1982, 1984, 1990, 2003 and 2008), advancing to the final game of the tournament each of those six years. They are two-time Memorial Cup champions (1982, 2003). The Rangers are one of six teams in the Canadian Hockey League (Moose Jaw Warriors, Swift Current Broncos, Lethbridge Hurricanes, Peterborough Petes) that are publicly owned. Since the club's inception, a 39-person Board of Directors, including a nine-person executive committee, is elected by the team's season ticket subscribers who act as trustees of the team. This Board of Directors is also comprised entirely and only of Kitchener Rangers season ticket subscribers. They are one of the most successful Canadian Hockey League teams in terms of alumni with over 180 players and coaches going on to serve in the NHL including Gabriel Landeskog, Jeff Skinner, Radek Faksa, John Gibson, Nazem Kadri, Mike Richards, David Clarkson, Steve Mason, Derek Roy and Peter DeBoer. Five of their alumni have gone on to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame: Scott Stevens, Bill Barber, Paul Coffey, Larry Robinson and Al MacInnis. History.

Question: when was the last time the kitchener rangers won the memorial cup
Answer: 2003
Arthur Mullard
In 1986, invited by producer Victor Lewis-Smith, Mullard hosted an edition of "Midweek" on BBC Radio 4 to replace regular host Libby Purves during her temporary absence. Music. In 1967, Mullard recorded "I Love You, You Love Me" and "Was It Something I Said?" on the Masquerade label (MA5001). This was followed the same year by an album, "Arthur Mullard of London" (MQ 2003). This included his cover of the Beatles' "Yesterday", jokes, and philosophy. More singles followed in the 1970s, including 1974's "Not Now Arthur" / "If I Only Had My Time Again" (BASFBA 1012), and in 1975 "I Only Have Eyes for You" / "One 'Fing 'N' Annuver" (RCA 2610) with "Yus My Dear" / "Arthur" (RCA Z639A) being released in 1976. He entered the UK Singles Chart in 1978 with his cover of "You're the One That I Want" (Pye 7N 46121) (from the film "Grease"), a duet with fellow comedy actor Hylda Baker, who was in her seventies. The single, which peaked at number 22 in the UK, was taken from the album "Band on the Trot" (Pye PKL 5576).

Question: who sang you're the one that i want with arthur mullard
Answer: Hylda Baker
History of Mexico City
Smog became a serious problem as the shanty towns evolved, formed by the poor of the country migrating to the city. The 1985 Mexico City earthquake caused significant damage to the center of the city. In the 2000s, businessman and philanthropist Carlos Slim created a foundation to revitalize the historic center as well as sites near the Basilica of the Virgin of Guadalupe. In 2016, the Mexican government initiated the process of greater autonomy from the federal government, creating the Ciudad de México or CDMX. The Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan. Founding. The Aztecs were one of the last of the Nahuatl-speaking peoples who migrated to this part of the Valley of Mexico after the fall of the Toltec Empire. Existing inhabitants resisted their presence, but the Aztecs established a city on a small island on the western side of Lake Texcoco. The Aztecs themselves had a story about how their city was founded after their principal god, Huitzilopochtli, led them to the island. According to the story, the god indicated their new home with a sign, an eagle perched on a nopal cactus with a snake in its beak. This image appears in Codex Mendoza, one early post-conquest manuscript of many Aztec codices or pictorial texts, and since Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, the image is in the center of the Mexican flag. Between 1325 and 1521, Tenochtitlan grew in size and strength, eventually dominating the other city-states or altepetl around Lake Texcoco and in the Valley of Mexico.

Question: before the spanish took over who owned the land that is now mexico
Answer: Aztec Empire
The Entire History of You
"The Entire History of You" is the third and final episode of the first series of the British science fiction anthology television series "Black Mirror". It was the only episode not written or co-written by series creator Charlie Brooker, instead credited to sitcom writer Jesse Armstrong. Directed by Brian Welsh, the episode premiered on Channel 4 on 18 December 2011. The episode is set in a future where a "grain" technology records people's audiovisual senses, allowing a person to re-watch their memories. The lawyer Liam (Toby Kebbell) attends a dinner party with his wife Ffion (Jodie Whittaker), becoming suspicious after seeing her zealously interact with a friend of hers, Jonas (Tom Cullen). This leads him to scrutinise his memories and Ffion's claims about the nature of her relationship with Jonas. The episode was designed to be set in 2050, with stone, wood and metal materials featuring heavily in the sets. The concept of an episode about relationships and the importance of letting things go was pitched by Armstrong. The episode was less comedic than other works by Armstrong, with critics highlighting its relevance to how mobile phones and the internet allow people to record an increasing number of details about their lives. Reception to the episode at the time of its broadcast was positive towards its premise and Kebbell's acting, with mixed reception to its execution. Later critics generally ranked "The Entire History of You" among the best instalments of "Black Mirror". Plot. Lawyer Liam Foxwell attends a performance appraisal.

Question: who plays liam in season 1 of black mirror
Answer: Toby Kebbell
Road map
Map that displays roads and transport links rather than natural geographical information
A road map, route map, or street map is a map that primarily displays roads and transport links rather than natural geographical information. It is a type of navigational map that commonly includes political boundaries and labels, making it also a type of political map. In addition to roads and boundaries, road maps often include points of interest, such as prominent businesses or buildings, tourism sites, parks and recreational facilities, hotels and restaurants, as well as airports and train stations. A road map may also document non-automotive transit routes, although often these are found only on transit maps. History. The Turin Papyrus Map is sometimes characterized as the earliest known road map. Drawn around 1160 BC, it depicts routes along dry river beds through a mining region east of Thebes in Ancient Egypt. The Dura-Europos Route map is the oldest known map of (a part of) Europe preserved in its original form. It is a fragment of a map drawn onto a leather portion of a shield by a Roman soldier in c. 235 AD. It depicts several towns along the northwest coast of the Black Sea. The Tabula Peutingeriana, a copy of a scroll originally dating to about 350 AD, plots the extent of the "Cursus publicus", the Roman road network that ran from Europe and North Africa to West Asia. It is highly schematic, compressing the Mediterranean Sea to a sliver and orienting the Italian Peninsula to run east-west. The Gough Map, dating to about 1360, is the oldest known road map of Great Britain.

Question: most road maps are what kind of map
Answer: navigational map
History of Salt Lake City
After a very difficult winter and a miraculous crop retrieval, in which Pioneers reported to have been saved from cricket infestation by seagulls (see Miracle of the Gulls), the "Desert Blossomed as the Rose" in the Salt Lake Valley. Early Pioneers survived by maintaining a very tight-knit community. Under Young's leadership Pioneers worked out a system of communal crop sharing within the various ward houses established throughout the Salt Lake Valley. The California Gold Rush brought many people through the city on their way to seek fortunes. Salt Lake, which was at the cross-roads of the westward trek, became a vital trading point for speculators and prospectors traveling through. They came with goods from the East, such as clothing and other manufactured items, trading with the local farmers for fresh livestock and crops. The Congress organized the Utah Territory out of the "State of Deseret" in 1850, and a few months later on January 6, 1851, the city was formally organized as "The City of the Great Salt Lake". Originally, Fillmore, Utah was the territorial capital, but in 1856 it was moved to Salt Lake City, where it has stayed ever since. In 1855 Congress directed the President of the United States to appoint a surveyor general for Utah Territory, and to cause that the lands of that territory should be surveyed preparatory to bringing them on the market. Certain sections were to be reserved for the benefit of schools and a university in the territory. The surveyor general arrived in Utah in July of the same year to begin surveying.

Question: when did salt lake city became the capital of utah
Answer: 1856
Tonight the Heartache's on Me
"Tonight the Heartache's on Me" is a song recorded by American country music group Dixie Chicks. It was released in April 1999 as the fifth and final single from their album "Wide Open Spaces". It was written by Mary Francis, Johnny MacRae and Bob Morrison. Joy Lynn White previously recorded the song on her 1994 album "Wild Love". References. &lt;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /&gt;

Question: who wrote tonight the heartache's on me
Answer: Mary Francis, Johnny MacRae, Bob Morrison
Shirley Chisholm
American politician (1924–2005)
Shirley Anita Chisholm ( ; née St. Hill; November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician who, in 1968, became the first black woman to be elected to the United States Congress. Chisholm represented New York's 12th congressional district, a district centered in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. In 1972, she became the first black candidate for a major-party nomination for President of the United States and the first woman to run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination. Throughout her career, she was known for taking "a resolute stand against economic, social, and political injustices," as well as being a strong supporter of black civil rights and women's rights. Born in Brooklyn, New York, she spent ages five through nine in Barbados, and she always considered herself a Barbadian American. She excelled at school and earned her college degree in the United States. She started working in early childhood education, and she became involved in local Democratic Party politics in the 1950s. In 1964, overcoming some resistance because she was a woman, she was elected to the New York State Assembly. Four years later, she was elected to Congress, where she led the expansion of food and nutrition programs for the poor and rose to party leadership. She retired from Congress in 1983 and taught at Mount Holyoke College while continuing her political organizing. Although nominated for the ambassadorship to Jamaica in 1993, health issues caused her to withdraw. In 2015, Chisholm was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Question: who was the first african american woman elected to congress
Answer: Shirley Anita Chisholm
Metrication in Ireland
Adoption of the metric system of measurements in Ireland
Metrication in the Republic of Ireland happened mostly in the 20th century and was officially completed in 2005, with a few exceptions. The island of Ireland gradually adopted the British imperial measurement system, fully replacing traditional Irish measure during the 19th century, and these units continued to be used after the independence of the Irish Free State (1922) and the establishment of the Republic of Ireland (1937/49). The Irish Free State joined the Metre Convention in 1925. In 1980 the European Union asked all of its member states to convert to the metric system, and in Ireland and the UK this process was originally to have been completed by 2009. Metrication succeeded in Ireland with the changeover fully completed in 2005, with some exceptions. Metrication. During the First World War and after the Easter Rising, Charles A Stanuell, former President of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, published a paper advocating the use of the metric system and a decimal currency in the UK, of which Ireland was then a part. Metrication in Ireland began in the 1970s and by 2005 was completed, with the main exception being that the imperial pint (568 ml) is still used in eateries and pubs for reasons of tradition. The phrase a "glass of beer" is a colloquial expression for a half-pint (284 ml). All other loose goods sold by volume must be sold using metric units. Distance signs had displayed kilometres since the 1970s but road speed limits were in miles per hour until 20 January 2005, when they were changed to kilometres per hour.

Question: when did ireland change from miles to kilometers
Answer: January 2005
Cup Noodles
Japan Airlines has offered Cup Noodle with the exclusive "de Sky" flavor on board since 1992, and since 2021 the product has been available in the airline's online store. The product was known as Cup O' Noodles in the United States until 1993. In 1998, Cup Noodles Hot Sauce Varieties were introduced (Beef, Chicken, Pork and Shrimp). Today. Today, instant noodles in Japan are often sold in foam bowls, sometimes with plastic utensils. Foam bowls are inexpensive, disposable, light, and easy to hold, since they insulate heat well. Different flavors are available in other parts of the world, such as tom yum in Thailand, curry in Japan, crab in Hong Kong, and churrasco in Brazil. In 2016 the US version was changed, reducing sodium and removing MSG and artificial flavors. In popular culture. From 1996 to 2006, a Nissin Cup Noodle sign was installed in Times Square, New York City. It was located prominently near the top of the One Times Square building, the location of the Times Square Ball drop on New Year's Eve. The sign was the most recent example in a tradition of steaming signs in Times Square, which started with an A&amp;P "8 O'Clock Coffee" cup in 1933. In 2006, a manga book was published about the invention of the cup noodle and the founder of the Nissin Cup Noodle brand, "Project X: Nissin Cup Noodle" by author Tadashi Katoh and artist Akira Imai (publisher: Digital Manga, ).

Question: when did cup o noodles change to cup noodles
Answer: 1993
Christmas card
The first known Christmas card was sent by Michael Maier to James I of England and his son Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1611. It was discovered in 1979 by Adam McLean in the Scottish Record Office. It was hand-made and incorporated Rosicrucian imagery, with the words of the greeting – "A greeting on the birthday of the Sacred King, to the most worshipful and energetic lord and most eminent James, King of Great Britain and Ireland, and Defender of the true faith, with a gesture of joyful celebration of the Birthday of the Lord, in most joyand fortune, we enter into the new auspicious year 1612" – being laid out to form a rose. The first commercially available card was commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and designed by John Callcott Horsley in London 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity, with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each. Early British cards rarely showed winter or religious themes, instead favoring flowers, fairies and other fanciful designs that reminded the recipient of the approach of spring. Humorous and sentimental images of children and animals were popular, as were increasingly elaborate shapes, decorations and materials. At Christmas 1873, the lithograph firm Prang and Mayer began creating greeting cards for the popular market in Britain.

Question: who designed and sent the first christmas card
Answer: sent by Michael Maier
Lynn Cartwright
American actress (1927–2004)
Lynn Cartwright (born Doralyn E. Cartwright; February 27, 1927 – January 2, 2004) was an American character actress known for her performance as the older version of Geena Davis' character, Dottie Hinson, in the 1992 film "A League of Their Own". Early years. Cartwright was born in McAlester, Oklahoma, the daughter of U.S. Congressman Wilburn Cartwright and his wife Carrie (née Staggs). She studied drama at Stephens College and at American Academy in New York. Career. Her acting career spanned from 1957 to 1992 and included smaller roles in films such as "Black Patch" (1957), "The Cry Baby Killer" (1958), "The Wasp Woman" (1959), "All the Loving Couples" (1969), "Son of Hitler" (1978) and "Lovelines" (1984). For 15 years, she was involved with the Group Repertory Theater in Los Angeles. Cartwright was chosen for the role in "A League of Their Own" not just because she closely resembled Geena Davis, but also because many of her mannerisms were similar. Personal life. Cartwright was married to actor and screenwriter Leo Gordon from February 14, 1950, until his death on December 24, 2000. She had a daughter, Tara, and a stepdaughter. Death. She died in her home from complications of dementia on January 2, 2004, aged 76, after she fractured her hip. Her ashes and those of her husband are together in a memorial display in a columbarium at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles.

Question: who played old geena davis in a league of their own
Answer: Lynn Cartwright
Indian Independence League
The league found widespread support among the Indian population; membership was estimated to be close to a hundred-thousand at the end of August. Membership in the league was of advantage for the population in the middle of war-time emergency and when dealing with the occupation authorities. The League's membership card identified the holder as Indian (and thus an ally), it was used to issue rations. Further, the League took efforts to improve the conditions of the local Indian populace, including the cause of the now jobless plantation labourers. Bangkok Conference. In June 1942, the Bangkok conference was held. This saw the constitution of the Indian Independence League. The league consisted of a Council for Action and a Committee of representatives below it. Below the committee was to be the territorial and local branches. Rash Behari Bose was to chair the council, while K.P. Kesava Menon, Nedyam Raghavan were among the civilian members of the council. Mohan Singh and an officer by the name of Gilani were to be the INA's members. The committee of representatives took members from the 12 territories with Indian population, with representation proportional to the representative Indian population. The Bangkok resolution further decided that the Indian National Army was to be subordinate to it. The Bangkok conference adopted a thirty-four point resolution to and expected the Japanese government to respond to each point. These included the demand that the Japanese government clearly, explicitly and publicly recognise India as an independent nation and the league as the nation's representatives and guardians.

Question: where was indian independence league formed in 1942
Answer: Bangkok
Just to Be Close to You
"Just to Be Close to You" is a song by American R&amp;B/funk band, Commodores, in 1976. Released from their album, "Hot on the Tracks", it would become one of their biggest hits, spending two weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart and becoming their second "Billboard" Hot 100 top ten, peaking at number seven. The song was written and sung by Lionel Richie. "Cash Box" said that "there's a terrific spoken introduction, packed with soul, that gives way to a truly beautiful ballad." References. &lt;templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /&gt;

Question: who sang just to be close to you
Answer: Commodores