nlpai-lab/mirage huggingface dataset:
Evolution of fungi
Origin and diversification of fungi through geologic time
Fungi diverged from other life around 1.5 billion years ago, with the glomaleans branching from the "higher fungi" (dikaryans) at ~ million years ago, according to DNA analysis. (Schüssler et al., 2001; Tehler et al., 2000) Fungi probably colonized the land during the Cambrian, over  million years ago, (Taylor &amp; Osborn, 1996), and possibly 635 million years ago during the Ediacaran, but terrestrial fossils only become uncontroversial and common during the Devonian,  million years ago. Early evolution. Evidence from DNA analysis suggests that all fungi are descended from a most recent common ancestor that lived at least 1.2 to 1.5 billion years ago. It is probable that these earliest fungi lived in water, and had flagella. However, a 2.4-billion-year-old basalt from the Palaeoproterozoic Ongeluk Formation in South Africa containing filamentous fossils in vescicles and fractures, that form mycelium-like structures may push back the origin of the Kingdom over one billion years before. The earliest terrestrial fungus fossils, or at least fungus-like fossils, have been found in South China from around 635 million years ago. The researchers who reported on these fossils suggested that these fungus-like organisms may have played a role in oxygenating Earth's atmosphere in the aftermath of the Cryogenian glaciations.

Question: when did the first fungi appear on earth
Answer: around 1.5 billion years ago
Kegworth air disaster
British air accident, 1989
The Kegworth air disaster occurred when British Midland Airways Flight 092, a Boeing 737-400, crashed onto the motorway embankment between the M1 motorway and A453 road near Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, while attempting to make an emergency landing at East Midlands Airport on 8 January 1989. The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from London Heathrow Airport to Belfast International Airport when a fan blade broke in the left engine, smoke was drawn into the cabin through the air conditioning system. The pilots believed this indicated a fault in the right engine, since earlier models of the 737 ventilated the cabin from the right, and they were unaware that the 737-400 used a different system. The pilots retarded the right thrust lever and the symptoms of smoke and vibration cleared, leading them to believe the problem had been identified and then the right engine was shut down. On the final stage of the approach thrust was increased on the left engine and the tip of the fan blade that had lodged in the cowling from the earlier event, became dislodged and was drawn into the core of the engine, virtually disintegrating it and causing a fire. Of the 126 plus 1 people aboard, 47 died and 74 sustained serious injuries. The fan blade initially suffered a fracture from a phenomenon known as aerodynamic flutter. Those responsible for the pre-certification test programme and the issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness 'acted contrary' to the wealth of literature that was available on this subject.

Question: when did the plane crash on the m1
Answer: 8 January 1989
Brighton Palace Pier
Pleasure pier in Brighton, UK
The Brighton Palace Pier, commonly known as Brighton Pier or the Palace Pier, is a Grade II* listed pleasure pier in Brighton, England, located in the city centre opposite the Old Steine. Established in 1899, it was the third pier to be constructed in Brighton after the Royal Suspension Chain Pier and the West Pier, but is now the only one still in operation. It is managed and operated by the Eclectic Bar Group. The Palace Pier was intended as a replacement for the Chain Pier, which collapsed in 1896 during construction of the new pier. It quickly became popular, and had become a frequently-visited theatre and entertainment venue by 1911. Aside from closures owing to war, it continued to hold regular entertainment up to the 1970s. The theatre was damaged in 1973 and following a buy-out was demolished in 1986, changing the pier's character from seaside entertainment to an amusement park, with various fairground rides and roller coasters. The pier remains popular with the public, with over four million visitors in 2016, and has been featured in many works of British culture, including the gangster thriller "Brighton Rock", the comedy "Carry On at Your Convenience" and the Who's concept album and film "Quadrophenia". Location. The pier entrance is opposite the southern end of Old Steine (the A23 to London) where it meets Marine Parade and Grand Junction Road which run along the seafront. It is long and contains of planking. Because of the pier's length, repainting it takes three months every year.

Question: when was the palace pier in brighton built
Answer: 1899
Your Love (The Outfield song)
“Your Love” is a song by the English rock band the Outfield, taken from their 1985 debut album "Play Deep", released in early 1986 and written by guitarist John Spinks. In the United States, the song reached number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number seven on the Album Rock Tracks chart in 1986. Background. The song was written by Outfield guitarist John Spinks. Spinks was living in East London and invited the vocalist of the band, Tony Lewis, to his flat for a writing session. The two developed "Your Love" on the porch of the flat. Lewis sat on an amplifier and Spinks began writing the opening lyrics. According to Lewis, the song took only twenty minutes to write. The song's lyrics have no basis in reality: "Josie" was not a real person, and the song is an entirely invented story. Afterwards, the band began recording demos for their debut album "Play Deep" with producer William Wittman, who had also worked with Cyndi Lauper and the Fixx. The initial demo was softer in tone, and Wittman encouraged the band to take a more hard rock approach to its sound. To this end, the group were inspired by the Who, and Lewis's vocal arrangement was heavily inspired by The Police vocalist Sting. Composition. "Your Love" is an uptempo new wave, power pop and pop rock song sung by lead vocalist Tony Lewis. The lyrics are vague, but imply that the narrator is interested in a girl that he is not in a relationship with, who may be older or younger depending upon how those lyrics are interpreted.

Question: who sings i just want to use your love
Answer: the Outfield
Superintendent (education)
Administrator in charge of multiple schools
In the American education system, a superintendent or superintendent of schools is an administrator or manager in charge of a number of public schools or a school district, a local government body overseeing public schools. All school principals in a respective school district report to the superintendent. The role and powers of the superintendent vary among areas According to Sharp and Walter, a popularly held opinion is that "the most important role of the board of education is to hire its superintendent." History. The first education laws in the United States were enacted in the colonial era, when various New England colonies passed ordinances directing towns "to choose men to manage the important affairs of learning, such as deciding local taxes, hiring teachers, setting wages, and determining the length of the school year." The persons responsible were frequently selectmen who had additional government responsibilities. Boston established America's first permanent school committee in 1721; this became America's first school board. (Massachusetts and some other regions retain the term "school committee", but "school board" and "board of education" are the more common terms nationwide, and a variety of other labels have been used). In 1986, about 95 percent of school board members were elected, with the rest appointed by town boards, mayors, or others. In early America, school board members handled the day-to-day administration of schools without the need for a superintendent. By the 1830s, however, the increasing numbers of students, as well as the consolidation of one-room schoolhouses into larger districts, led districts to begin appointing the first superintendents.

Question: who is responsible for selecting a public school superintendent
Answer: the board of education
Capital punishment in California
 
Capital punishment is not allowed to be carried out in the U.S. state of California, due to both a standing 2006 federal court order against the practice and a 2019 moratorium on executions ordered by Governor Gavin Newsom. The litigation resulting in the court order has been on hold since the promulgation of the moratorium. Should the moratorium end and the freeze concluded, executions could resume under the current state law. The state carried out 709 executions from 1778 until 1972 when the California Supreme Court struck down California's capital punishment statute in the case "People v. Anderson". California voters reinstated the death penalty a few months later, with Proposition 17 legalizing the death penalty in the state constitution and ending the "Anderson" ruling. However, in the interim, the U.S. Supreme Court in "Gregg v. Georgia" imposed a nationwide moratorium on capital punishment. "Gregg", along with continued challenges at the state level, delayed implementation of Proposition 17 for several years. As a result, the death penalty was not restored in California until after "People v. Frierson" in 1979. The state's first post Anderson execution was carried out in 1992. Since that time, there have been 13 executions, yet hundreds of inmates have been sentenced. The last execution that took place in California was in 2006. Two people condemned in California (Kelvin Malone and Alfredo Prieto) have also been executed in Missouri and Virginia respectively.

Question: when was the last time someone was executed in the state of california
Answer: 2006
Transport in Gibraltar
Gibraltar has a limited public transport system, due to the compact size of the territory. Road. Private transport. Gibraltar has of highways, all of which are paved. It has one of the highest levels of per capita car ownership in the world, with as many motor vehicles as people. Unlike the United Kingdom, along with the British Overseas Territories, traffic in Gibraltar drives on the right, as it shares a land border with Spain. Traffic formerly drove on the left; the change to driving on the right was made at 5.00 a.m. on 16 June 1929. Older roads in Gibraltar, primarily in the city centre, are fairly narrow with a typical speed limit of . Gibraltar has ten fuelling stations, and fuel prices are lower than in neighbouring Spain. Some people from Spain even enter Gibraltar for the sole purpose of filling their cars' fuel tanks. Gibraltar's international vehicle registration is GBZ, and vehicle registration plates of Gibraltar consist of the letter 'G' followed by up to five digits (1-99999) or four digits (1000-9999) and a single letter. These are as standard, the same shape, type face and colours as those in the UK, however non-standard number plates have been permitted. The Chief Minister's official car has the registration number "G1", while the Governor's car, following tradition, has a crown, in place of a number. The two highways in Spain leading in the vicinity are the A-383 which ends in La Linea, and the CA-34, which leads to the border.

Question: what side of the road do they drive on in gibraltar
Answer: the right
Renée Estevez
American film, television, and theater actress
Renée Pilar Estevez (born April 2, 1967) is an American actress and screenwriter. Early years. Estevez was born in New York City, the youngest child and only daughter of artist Janet (née Templeton) and actor Martin Sheen (legally Ramón Estévez). Her father is of Irish and Spanish descent. Her three older brothers are also actors: Emilio Estevez, Ramon Estevez and Charlie Sheen (born Carlos Estévez). Career. Estevez started her acting career in 1986 starring in a CBS Schoolbreak special, "Babies Having Babies". Estevez has had secondary roles in films since 1986's "Shattered Spirits", including the character Betty Finn in the cult favorite "Heathers". She was the final girl in the horror film "" (1988). She he has guest starred on "JAG" and "MacGyver". She appeared in a regular guest-starring role on "The West Wing" as Nancy, an office assistant in the Oval Office of President Josiah Bartlet (who is played by her father Martin Sheen). She has also had cameo roles in her brothers' and father's films, including "The Way", American film starring Martin Sheen and directed by Emilio Estevez. She also wrote for the TV series "Anger Management" which starred her brother Charlie Sheen. Estevez has not acted since 2015. Personal life. Estevez married Jason Thomas Federico, a professional golfer and chef in New York. They met at the California Culinary Academy, where he received a degree in culinary arts and she studied pastry and baking science.

Question: who did renee estevez play on the west wing
Answer: Nancy
Seamount
Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
A seamount is a large submarine landform that rises from the ocean floor without reaching the water surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet, or cliff-rock. Seamounts are typically formed from extinct volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from the seafloor to in height. They are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least above the seafloor, characteristically of conical form. The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of meters below the surface, and are therefore considered to be within the deep sea. During their evolution over geologic time, the largest seamounts may reach the sea surface where wave action erodes the summit to form a flat surface. After they have subsided and sunk below the sea surface such flat-top seamounts are called "guyots" or "tablemounts". Earth's oceans contain more than 14,500 identified seamounts, of which 9,951 seamounts and 283 guyots, covering a total area of , have been mapped but only a few have been studied in detail by scientists. Seamounts and guyots are most abundant in the North Pacific Ocean, and follow a distinctive evolutionary pattern of eruption, build-up, subsidence and erosion. In recent years, several active seamounts have been observed, for example Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Lōʻihi) in the Hawaiian Islands.

Question: where is the world's largest concentration of sea mounts found
Answer: the North Pacific Ocean
Five pence (British coin)
Coin of the United Kingdom
The British decimal five pence coin (often shortened to 5p in writing and speech) is a denomination of sterling coinage worth &lt;templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" /&gt;5⁄100 of a pound. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin’s introduction on 23 April 1968, replacing the shilling in preparation for decimalisation in 1971. It remained the same size as the one shilling coin, which also remained legal tender, until a smaller version was introduced in June 1990 with the older coins being withdrawn on 31 December 1990. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. 5p coins are legal tender up to the sum of £5 when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions. The five pence coin was originally minted from cupro-nickel (75% Cu, 25% Ni), but since 2011 it has been minted in nickel-plated steel due to the increasing price of metal. From January 2013, the Royal Mint began a programme to gradually remove the previous cupro-nickel coins from circulation with replacement by the nickel-plated steel versions. In March 2014, an estimated 3,847 million 5p coins were in circulation with an estimated face value of £192.370 million. Design.

Question: when did old 5p go out of circulation
Answer: 31 December 1990
Upper middle class in the United States
Overall, members of this class are also secure from economic down-turns and, unlike their counterparts in the statistical middle class, do not need to fear downsizing, corporate cost-cutting, or outsourcing—an economic benefit largely attributable to their graduate degrees and comfortable incomes, likely in the top income quintile or top third. Typical professions for this class include psychologists, professors, architects, urban planners, economists, pharmacists, executive assistants, physicians, optometrists, dentists, and lawyers. Income. While many Americans see income as the prime determinant of class, occupational status, educational attainment, and value systems are equally important. Income is in part determined by the scarcity of certain skill sets. As a result, an occupation that requires a scarce skill, the attainment of which is often achieved through an educational degree, and entrusts its occupant with a high degree of influence will usually offer high economic compensation. There are also differences between household and individual income. Sociologists Dennis Gilbert (sociologist), Willam Thompson and Joseph Hickey estimate the upper middle class to constitute roughly 15% of the population.

Question: what is the percentage of upper middle class in america
Answer: roughly 15% of the population
Indiana Jones Adventure
Attraction at Disney parks
Indiana Jones Adventure is an enhanced motion vehicle dark ride attraction based on the "Indiana Jones" film series, located at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea. Guests accompany intrepid archaeologist Dr. Indiana Jones on a turbulent quest, aboard military troop transport vehicles, through a dangerous subterranean lost temple guarded by a supernatural power. The attraction premiered as Temple of the Forbidden Eye at Disneyland in Anaheim, California on March 3, 1995, and opened to the general public on March 4, 1995. A second, and nearly identical, version of the ride opened as Temple of the Crystal Skull on September 4, 2001, at Tokyo DisneySea in Chiba, Japan, unrelated to the 2008 film "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull". On August 10, 2024, it was announced at the D23 Expo that an Indiana Jones attraction will replace Dinosaur at Disney's Animal Kingdom, featuring a different story, involving Indiana Jones hunting a mythical creature in a Mayan temple. History. Because of the success of "Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular!" at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Bay Lake, Florida, Walt Disney Imagineering and George Lucas collaborated once again to create a new "Indiana Jones"-themed attraction for Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California. Unlike the previous collaboration, this attraction was created with a backstory "set in the Lost Delta of India, circa 1935". Indiana Jones Adventure is the fourth collaboration between Disney and Lucasfilm, after the Disneyland attractions Captain EO, Star Tours, and "Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular!" and prior to Disney buying Lucasfilm (and thus the Indiana Jones franchise).

Question: when did the indiana jones ride open at disneyland
Answer: March 4, 1995
Dave Johnson (announcer)
American announcer and sportscaster (born 1941)
Dave Johnson (born May 25, 1941) is an American announcer and sportscaster, best known for his work in horse racing with ABC and NBC Sports and at various race tracks in New York and New Jersey. He also called races in California. His signature line — "And "down" the stretch they come!" — is instantly recognizable throughout the sport, and is often imitated by comedians, notably David Letterman. From 1972 to 1977, Johnson was the public address announcer for the tracks of the New York Racing Association. In 1977 he moved to the new Meadowlands Racetrack in New Jersey, calling both Thoroughbred and harness racing. He maintained his Meadowlands schedule into the early 21st century. Johnson called the Kentucky Derby for ABC Sports from 1978 to 1980 and 1987 to 2000, and the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes from 1987 to 2000. Even though Johnson's Triple Crown TV spot went to Tom Durkin when televising rights shifted from ABC to NBC, he has continued to call the three spring classics for radio, on Premiere Radio Networks and Westwood One. Johnson has also worked on horse racing telecasts for ESPN. In 2007, Johnson missed calling the Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs for the first time since 1977, when the rights shifted from Westwood One to ESPN Radio. He was replaced on the broadcast by Churchill's public address announcer, Luke Kruytbosch. Johnson has also done commercials, both on camera and voice-over, for Mobil Oil and various New York-area businesses.

Question: who said and down the stretch they come
Answer: Dave Johnson
Viceroy (butterfly)
Species of butterfly
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The viceroy ("Limenitis archippus") is a North American butterfly. It was long thought to be a Batesian mimic of the monarch butterfly, but since the viceroy is also distasteful to predators, it is now considered a Müllerian mimic instead. The viceroy was named the state butterfly of Kentucky in 1990. Description. Its wings feature an orange and black pattern, and over most of its range it is a Müllerian mimic with the monarch butterfly ("Danaus plexippus"). The viceroy's wingspan is between . It can be distinguished from the monarch by its smaller size and the postmedian black line that runs across the veins on the hindwing. In Florida, Georgia, and the American Southwest, viceroys share the pattern of the queen ("Danaus gilippus") and in Mexico they share the pattern of the soldier ("Danaus eresimus"). In all three areas, the local "Danaus" population mimic the coloration of the viceroy species. It was originally believed that the viceroy was a Batesian mimic of the three other species, and presumed edible or only mildly unpalatable to predators, but this has since proven not to be true. In an experiment with both the monarch's and viceroy's wings removed, birds were discovered to think the viceroy was just as unpalatable as the monarchs. Distribution and habitat.

Question: what are the little butterflies that look like monarchs
Answer: viceroy
The Two Pots
Aesop's fable
The Two Pots is one of Aesop's Fables and numbered 378 in the Perry Index. The fable may stem from proverbial sources. The Fable. There is a short Greek version of the fable and a longer, more circumstantial late Latin poem by Avianus. It concerns two pots, one of earthenware and the other of metal, that are being swept along a river. While the metal pot is willing that they should journey together, the clay pot hopes it will keep its distance for 'Whether the wave crashes me into you or you into me, in either case I will be the only victim'. The moral drawn is that equal partnership is best, and especially that the poor or powerless should avoid the company of the powerful. In this connection, there is a likeness between the story and a passage in the Biblical apocrypha's book of "Ecclesiasticus" that advises caution in such unequal relationships: 'Have no fellowship with one that is richer than thyself. What agreement shall the earthen pot have with the kettle? For if they knock one against the other, it shall be broken' (13.2–3). Since this particular text is in Greek and dates from the 2nd century BCE, it is possible that the passage quoted and the fable are both based on a popular proverb.

Question: what is the moral of the two pots
Answer: equal partnership is best, and especially that the poor or powerless should avoid the company of the powerful