バトゥ・リンタン捕虜収容所

バトゥ・リンタン捕虜収容所は、第2次世界大戦時にボルネオ島サラワク州クチンに位置した日本軍の戦争捕虜収容所。連合国軍の捕虜と被拘留者となった市民の両方が収容されていたことが特徴であった。イギリス領インド陸軍の兵舎だった建物を利用して1942年3月から1945年9月に解放されるまで運用されていた。当初の領域は日本軍によって約50エーカーにまで拡げられた。ボルネオの収容所との間で行われた被収容者の移送や、被収容者の死亡により、収容所内の人口は変動した。最大で約3000人が収容されていた。

捕虜も被拘留者も同様に食料不足や、不十分な医療によって起こる疾病疾患、強制労働や過酷な待遇、十分な衣服や居住区の不足に耐えるよう強制されたため、収容所内での生活は過酷であった。収容されていた約2000人の英国軍の捕虜のうち3分の2以上が監禁されていた間に、若しくはその結果により死亡した。1943年から収容所の解放まで2年半以上続いたラジオ放送の建設と運営は士気を高め、被収容者に戦争の進捗を理解することを助けた。その発見は関係者への確実な死という結果に終わっていたとされる。

1945年8月15日に日本が無条件降伏をした後、同年9月11日にオーストラリア陸軍第9師団によって収容所は解放された。解放時、収容所には捕虜1392人、民間人の男性被拘留者395人、女性、児童237人の計2024人が収容されていた。解放後に収容所で発見された日本軍の書類の中には、2度の『処刑』について書かれていた。1度目の処刑は8月17日もしくは18日を予定していたものの実行されず、2度目の処刑は9月15日に行われる予定であった。この好時期な収容所の解放によって2000人以上の死を防いだとされている。

1948年7月、教員訓練学校が跡地に移転し、マレーシアで最も歴史のある教育大学として現在まで続いている。

1. 脚注
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2. 文献
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Anonymous  "Kuching Internment Camp, July 1943" //The Chronicle: A Quarterly Report Of The Borneo Mission Association// 28, 7 
Archer, B. E.  //A study of civilian internment by the Japanese in the Far East, 1941–45// Essex: B. Archer 
Archer, Bernice  //The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese 1941-45, A Patchwork of Internment// London: Routledge Curzon ISBN 0-7146-5592-9 
Archer, John Belville   //Lintang Camp: Official Documents from the Records of The Civilian Internment Camp  at Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak, During the Years 1942-1943-1944-1945//. Published as a pamphlet March 1946
Archer, John Belville  //Glimpses of Sarawak Between 1912 & 1946: Autobiographical Extracts & Articles of an Officer of the Rajahs// Compiled and edited by Vernon L. Porritt Special Issue of the Department of South-East Asian Studies, University of Hull ISBN 0-85958-906-4
Arvier, Robyn  //"Caesar's Ghost!": Maurie Arvier's story of war, captivity and survival// Launceston, Tasmania. Arvier was in the Australian officers' camp
Arvier, Robyn   //Don’t worry about me: Wartime letters of the 8th Division A.I.F.// Launceston, Tasmania: Bokprint. ISBN 0646440268
Bell, Frank  //Undercover University//  Cambridge: Elisabeth Bell. ISBN 0-9516984-0-0 . Bell was in the British officers' camp; his wife published his account after his death
Brown, D. A. D.  "Reminiscences of Internment" //The Chronicle: A Quarterly Report Of The Borneo Mission Association// 29, 37 
Colley, George S. Jr.  //Manila, Kuching and return 1941-1945// San Francisco: privately printed . Colley was in the male civilians' camp; his wife was in the female civilians' camp
Cunningham, Michele K.  //Defying the Odds. Surviving Sandakan and Kuching// Lothian Books/Hachette Livre ISBN 9780734409171
Darch, Ernest G.   //Survival in Japanese POW Camps with Changkol and Basket// London: Minerva Press. ISBN 0-75411-161-X . Darch was in the British other ranks' camp
Dawson, Christopher  //To Sandakan: The Diaries of Charlie Johnstone Prisoner of War 1942-45// St Leonards, Australia: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86373-818-5 Johnstone, an Australian serving in the RAF, was in the British officers' camp
Digby, K. H.  //Lawyer in the Wilderness// Ithaca, New York: Cornell University  Digby was in the male civilians' camp
Evans, Stephen R.  //Sabah  Under the Rising Sun Government// Printed in Malaysia, no publisher details or ISBN. Contains an account by J. R. Baxter, who was in the male civilians' camp
Firkins, Peter  //Borneo Surgeon: A Reluctant Hero// Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press. ISBN 0-85905-211-7. A biography of Dr James P. Taylor, Principal Medical Officer in North Borneo when the Japanese invaded. His wife Celia was in the female civilians' camp
Forbes, George K. //et al.//  //Borneo Burlesque: Comic Tragedy/Tragic Comedy// Sydney: H. S. Clayton. Edition limited to 338 copies
Howes, Peter H. H.  "The Lintang Camp: Reminiscences of an Internee during the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945" //Journal of the Malaysian Historical Society // 2, 33-47. Howes was a Church of England priest in Sarawak, and was in the male civilians' camp
Howes, Peter H. H.  //In a Fair Ground or Cibus Cassowari// London: Excalibur Press. ISBN 1-85634-367-7
Keith, Agnes Newton  //Three Came Home// London: Michael Joseph . Originally published in 1947 by Little Brown and Company, Boston, Mass. Keith was in the female civilians' camp
Keith, Agnes Newton  //Beloved Exiles// Boston, Mass: Little Brown and Company Semi-autobiographical novel based on Keith's time in Borneo, including her internment
Kell, Derwent  //A Doctor's Borneo// Brisbane: Boolarong Publications. ISBN 0-908175-80-9. Derwent Kell is the pen name of Dr Marcus C. Clarke, who was in the male civilians' camp
Kirby, S. Woodburn //et al.//  //The War Against Japan. Volume 1: The Loss of Singapore// London: HMSO
Kirby, S. Woodburn //et al.//  //The War Against Japan. Volume 5: The Surrender of Japan// London: HMSO
Lim, Shau Hua Julitta  //From an Army Camp to a Teacher College: A History of Batu Lintang Teachers' College, Kuching, Sarawak// ISBN 9839906801
Lim, Shau Hua Julitta  //Pussy's in the well: Japanese Occupation of Sarawak 1941 - 1945// Kuching, Sarawak: Research and Resource Centre ISBN 983-41998-2-1 Some accounts, many photographs and some nominal rolls
Long, Gavin  //The Final Campaigns// Australia in the War 1939-1945 Series 1 , Volume 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial 
Mackie, John  //Captain Jack Surveyor and Engineer: The autobiography of John Mackie// Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Institute of Surveyors ISBN 0-9582-486-6 4 Mackie was in the British officers' camp
Newman, Carolyn   //Legacies of our Fathers// South Melbourne: Lothian Books ISBN 0-7344-0877-3 Accounts of six Australian officers and a female civilian internee
O'Connor, Michael P.  //The More Fool I// Dublin: Michael F. Moynihan Account of O'Connor's time in Malaya, including Batu Lintang. He was in the male civilians' camp
Ooi, Keat Gin  //Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941-1945// Ohio University Center for International Studies, Monographs in International Studies, SE Asia Series 101  ISBN 0-89680-199-3 Contains many accounts by British POWs and civilian internees.
Ooi, Keat Gin  "The 'Slapping Monster' and Other Stories: Recollections of the Japanese Occupation  of Borneo through Autobiographies, Biographies, Memoirs, and Other Ego-documents" //Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History// 7, Winter 2006
Purden, Ivor M.  "Japanese P.O.W. Camps in Borneo" in Neville Watterson  //Borneo: The Japanese P.O.W. Camps - Mail of the Forces, P.O.W. and Internees// 
Reece, Bob  //Masa Jepun: Sarawak under the Japanese 1941-1945// Kuching, Sarawak: Sarawak Literary Society ISBN 983-9115-06-5
St. John-Jones, L. W.  "The Kuching Prisoner-of-War Camp 1944-45: Heroism and Tragedy" //Sabah Society Journal// 21
Smallfield, E. J.  "Internment Under the Japanese" //New Zealand Surveyor// 19, no 4, April 1947, 301-310. Smallfield was in the male civilians' camp
Southwell, C. Hudson  //Uncharted Waters// Calgary, Canada: Astana Publishing ISBN 0-9685440-0-2 Southwell was in the male civilians' camp
Taylor, Brian  "Lintang Camp Memorials" //The Sarawak Museum Journal// 62, 59-62 
Torrens, Alexandra  "Borneo burlesque" //Wartime// 4 , 51-55. //Wartime// is the official magazine of the Australian War Memorial. The article is about a group of officers who made it their mission to uphold the morale of Australian POWs in Batu Lintang
Walker, Allan S.  //Middle East and Far East// Australia in the War 1939-1945 Series 5 , Volume 2. Canberra: Australian War Memorial 
Wall, Don  //Kill the Prisoners!// Mona Vale, NSW, Australia: Don Wall ISBN 0646 278 347
Watterson, W. N.  and  //Borneo: The Japanese P.O.W. Camps - Mail of the Forces, P.O.W. and Internees//  ISBN 0-9514951-0-0 ; ISBN 0-9514951-2-7 
Wigmore, Lionel  //The Japanese Thrust// Australia in the War 1939-1945 Series 1 , Volume 4. Canberra: Australian War Memorial 
Yap, Felicia  //Reassessing the Japanese prisoner of war and internment experience: the Lintang Camp, Kuching, Sarawak, 1942-45// Cambridge: M. Phil. dissertation 

3. 外部リンク
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[4] The plan is dated 1945, and the layout of the barracks differs  from that shown in the 1945 aerial reconnaissance photographs held at the AWM
[5] "Typical Malnutrition Cases: Australian and British Prisoners of War just released from Lintang Barracks, Kuching, Borneo 16 September 1945" by Tony Rafty. Imperial War Museum, Catalogue Number ART LD5884
[6] "British Prisoners-of-War after Rescue from Kuching, Borneo" by Tony Rafty. Imperial War Museum, Catalogue Number ART LD5885
[7] The stone bears the name of the camp commander, Colonel Tatsuji Suga, and the command "Be faithful". It is now housed at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.
[8]
[9] Broadcast by ABC 18 April 2008. Part of the programme features Dandi Michael Tiong, who with his twin brother Danis Stephen Tiong was in the camp as a child. Includes some AWM archive footage of the camp. . Relevant times: 01:24-02:05 and 17:58-25:03.
[10], an article in //foto8// about her mother and maternal grandparents who were civilian internees in the camp

3.1. 個人史
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Maurie Arvier  [11] Scroll down to near the bottom of the page
Mary Baldwin  [12]; [13]
John Stewart Bell  [14]; [15] Same article but both have small amounts of additional information
Leslie Bickerton  [16]
Charles Cleal  [17]
W. G. Cockburn  [18] Second article down on the page
Edwin John Esler  [19]
Robert Fyvie and Frances Colina  [20]
Bennie Gold  [21]; [22]
Harold McManus  [23] The webpage is mainly about Harold's brother, O. C. McManus
Les Mockridge  [24]
Dennis Riley  [25]; [26]; [27]; [28]
Vernon Hopetoun Smith  [29]

3.2. 機関
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[30]
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[32] Parts of the site still under construction
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