1974 FIFAワールドカップ

1974 FIFAワールドカップは、1974年6月13日から7月7日にかけて、西ドイツで開催された第10回目のFIFAワールドカップである。西ドイツが決勝でオランダを2対1で下し、スイス大会以来2度目の優勝を遂げる。

1. 予選
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2. 出場国
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出場選手は1974 FIFAワールドカップ参加チームを参照。


備考欄の「○」は大陸間プレーオフに勝利の上、出場が決定したチーム。

3. 本大会
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3.1. 概要
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この第10回記念大会で初めて、2022年現在でも使われているFIFAワールドカップトロフィーが優勝国に手渡された。それ以前に使われていたジュールリメ杯は、1970年大会でブラジルが3回目の優勝を遂げたため、ブラジルにて永久に保管されることとなっており、新しいトロフィーが今後の大会のために準備された。また、この大会から開幕戦は開催国ではなく、前回優勝国が出場することになった。これは2002年の日韓大会まで続いた。ドイツで2回目の開催となった2006年からは、前回優勝国の予選免除特権が無くなったため、再び開催国が開幕戦に出場することとなった。

この他、オーストラリア・ザイール・ハイチ・東ドイツと4カ国の代表が本大会に初出場を果たし、しかもオーストラリア以外はこの1974年大会が2022年時点で唯一の出場となった。

試合会場には9都市でそれぞれ1つのスタジアムが選ばれ、第二次世界大戦のナチス・ドイツ敗北による東西分断前の最後の大会となった1936年ベルリンオリンピック大会のベルリン・オリンピアシュタディオンと、この大会の2年前に行われた1972年ミュンヘンオリンピックのミュンヘン・オリンピアシュタディオンという2つのオリンピック大会メインスタジアムを使用した史上初のワールドカップとなった。特にベルリン開催については、ベルリンは法的には敗戦による連合国占領管理地のままで、オリンピアシュタディオンのある西ベルリンは西ドイツの一部ではないとする東ドイツ側は抗議したが、西ベルリンで行政権を持つ西ドイツはこれを突っぱねた。

大会の方式が1970年大会のものから変更され、初めて「2次リーグ制」が取り入れられた。16チームが地区予選を突破して招待され、1次リーグは4チームずつ4つのグループに分けられた。各グループの1位と2位チームが2次リーグに進出し、4チームずつ2グループに分けられた。各グループの1位同士が決勝戦を行い、各グループの2位同士が3位決定戦を行った。この方式が実施されたのは今大会と次回アルゼンチン大会のみである。

1次リーグでは、ハンブルクの試合会場で東ドイツ対西ドイツ戦が行われた。両国が同じ1組に入ることが決まった瞬間、組合せ抽選会場には大きなどよめきが起こったという。東西ドイツが対戦した史上唯一の国際Aマッチであり、大方の予想を覆してユルゲン・シュパールヴァッサーのシュートにより東ドイツが1対0で勝利した。また、これに先立ち東ドイツは同会場での開催に反対していたベルリン・オリンピアシュタディオンでチリと対戦し、1対1で引き分けた。同試合は東ドイツ代表が西ベルリンで試合を行った史上唯一の例となった。

前回優勝国のブラジルは、ペレ、トスタン、ジェルソンが代表引退した影響でチーム力が落ち、1次リーグも何とか通過する状態であった。2次リーグでもオランダに0対2で完敗し、3位決定戦でもポーランドに敗れ4位に終わったが、2次リーグでの東ドイツ戦でリベリーノがFKを決めた場面が唯一の見せ場だった。

一方、東西対決を制して1次リーグを首位で突破し、初出場国で唯一2次リーグに進んでいた東ドイツはブラジルとオランダに連敗して2次リーグ3位となり、史上唯一の本大会出場はベスト8で終わった。

2年前のミュンヘン・オリンピックで金メダルを獲得した実績を持ち、ヨーロッパ地区予選でイングランドに競り勝って出場したポーランドも話題となった。グジェゴシ・ラトーが通算7得点を挙げ大会得点王となったが、彼以外にもロベルト・ガドハ、アンジェイ・シャルマッフ、カジミエシュ・デイナらを揃えてスピード溢れる攻撃サッカーを披露、2次リーグ最終戦で西ドイツに敗れたが、3位決定戦でブラジルを下して3位の座を確保した。

ジャンニ・リベラ、サンドロ・マッツォーラらを擁して優勝候補にも挙げられていたイタリアだったが、名GKディノ・ゾフの持つ連続無失点記録を初出場で戦力に乏しいと見られていたハイチに止められたのがケチの付き始めとなった。ハイチ戦は3対1で勝利したものの、続くアルゼンチン戦を1対1の引分け、2次リーグ進出を懸けたポーランド戦を1対2で落すと、アルゼンチンに得失点差で1点及ばず、1次リーグ敗退に終わった。

この大会は既存のサッカー戦術に変革をもたらした大会であった。準優勝に終わったものの、今大会の台風の目となったオランダは、“フライング・ダッチマン”ヨハン・クライフを中心にヨハン・ニースケンス、ルート・クロル、ロブ・レンセンブリンク、ヨニー・レップ、アリー・ハーン、ウィレム・ファン・ハネヘム、ビム・ヤンセンらが従来のポジションに捉われず目まぐるしく動き回る全員攻撃・全員防御の「トータルフットボール」を展開し、サッカー界にセンセーションを巻き起こした。

一方、優勝した西ドイツもベッケンバウアーを中心としたリベロ・システムを披露した。オランダのトータルフットボールが全世界の注目を集めたため、それほど目立たなかったもののディフェンダーが戦術的に攻め上がるというシステムは画期的であった。西ドイツは円熟の境地を迎えた“皇帝”フランツ・ベッケンバウアーを始めとして“爆撃機”の異名を誇ったFWゲルト・ミュラー、中盤で試合を組み立てた“左足の芸術家”ヴォルフガング・オヴェラート、クライフを密着マークし完封したDFベルティ・フォクツ、決勝で同点ゴールとなるPKを事も無げに決めた若き左サイドバックパウル・ブライトナー、GKゼップ・マイヤーといった今日でも語り継がれるスター選手を揃えていた。ミュラーは決勝戦で決勝点を挙げ、西ドイツ代表の優勝に貢献した。

3.2. 会場一覧
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4. 結果
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4.1. 1次リーグ
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4.1.1. グループ 1
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4.1.2. グループ 2
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※ブラジルが得失点差でスコットランドを上回り2次リーグ進出

4.1.3. グループ 3
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4.1.4. グループ 4
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※アルゼンチンが得失点差でイタリアを上回り2次リーグ進出

4.2. 2次リーグ
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4.2.1. グループ A
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4.2.2. グループ B
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4.3. 3位決定戦
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4.4. 決勝
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5. 優勝国
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6. 得点ランキング
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7. 脚注
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7.1. 注釈
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7.2. 出典
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8. 外部リンク
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[1]
[2]