nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] While 1% of the households self report that they never wash their hands, handwashing appears not to be a common practice at all key moments. For instance, 89% of households reportedly wash their hands before eating, but only 45% of the households reported doing so after defecation. There was a slight difference regarding handwashing times between displaced and non displaced households.
Education complaints continue to rise in Kismayo with most issues concerning school fees and school uniform costs
A programme for effective Solid Waste management operations and services would Imply the development of By laws on Municipal Solid Waste Management and Bio Medical Waste Management, trainings for public and private sector companies and public awareness campaigns, with scope for public private partnerships as already successfully operated In various municipalities In Somalia
Kismayo has hosted large numbers of displaced affected communities and returning refugees since years.Drought and conflict are the main driver of displacement, together with voluntarily repatriation from the Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya.
The affected beneficiaries were somehow able to meet their emergency HHIs needs. And the change from HHIs to Unconditional Mobile Cash Transfer  ( UMCT )  was well received and appropriate to the beneficiaries.
Child Protection AoR partners' staff and volunteers continued to conduct outreach to children and community members to raise awareness on child protection and COVID 19 risks through household visits, individual and group counselling and discussions with community leaders. In November, 159,818 individuals  ( 54.9 per cent children )  were reached with child friendly awareness raising sessions, positive parenting messages, and flyers on child protection and COVID 19 risks.
Displacement further disrupts existing socio economic networks. In areas where climatic shocks reduce already limited resources, violent intergroup conflict over access to resources increases.
CCCM partners have reached 921 IDP sites out of 2,344 sites nationally, covering 1,091,009 persons  ( 42 per cent out of total IDP population )  in November. Partners continue to distribute COVID 19 information leaflets to communities and to hold information sessions with members of the IDP community. CCCM partners aim to target 1,000 IDP sites throughout Somalia with COVID 19 RCCE activities every month
Recognizing the recurrent flooding along the Shabelle River in the last few years, SWALIM undertook a field survey in Jowhar, Balcad and Afgooye districts. The objective of the survey was to map existing open and weak river embankments in the three districts. A total of 93 weak/open river points were identified with a total of 10,474 household being affected and about 72,000 hectares of cropland underwater  ( Annex I ) .
Since late June over 250,000 people have been affected by floods in Hirshabelle, South West and Jubaland states.
Baidoa IDP recorded a GAM prevalence of 11.9 percent and a SAM prevalence of 2.1 percent indicating Serious levels of nutrition situation.
There is need to recruit extra personnel to be deployed in all formal and informal entry points in Kenya Somalia border to carry out screening exercise
[ Through mid 2021 ]  Moreover, approximately 839,000 children under the age of five are likely to be acutely malnourished, including nearly 143,000 likely severely malnourished.
Serious protection concerns exist in Somalia due to widespread conflict compounded by climatic shocks, forcing many people to flee and exposing them to multiple risks.
At the same time, lack of access to clean water in many areas has heightened the risk of outbreaks of water borne diseases, augmenting existing vulnerabilities.
At its core, Somalia is a protection crisis with at risk groups composed predominantly of those suffering marginalisation and exclusion. Violence and conflict continue with civilians bearing the brunt of the conflict.
Banadir region remains the epicentre of the epidemic with 1,036 confirmed cases as of 17 May. To minimise further spread of the virus, authorities have imposed a curfew, closed schools and restricted large gatherings.
However, above average Karan rains from June to September have since improved harvest prospects; nonetheless, updated crop estimates are not yet available  ( FSNAU Somalia/FEWS NET, 2020c ) . According to FSNAU Somalia and FEWS NET, the main drivers of the below average Gu harvest were flooding, erratic rainfall, dry spells, insecurity and conflict  ( FSNAU Somalia, FEWS NET, 2020b ) .
In addition, the Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF )  has contributed $2.57 million to the COVID 19 response including $400,000 to expand treatment facilities at Martino hospital in Mogadishu.
Reports of cases of acute watery diarrhoea and cholera, which continue to be endemic throughout Somalia, persist. From January to 6 September 2020, a total of 5,691 cholera cases, including 30 deaths, were reported in 29 flood affected districts. In all of the reported cases of cholera, the individual did not receive the oral cholera vaccination.
Fencing the sites would enhance the safety of the residents and reduce threats.
There are 482 IDP camps in Baidoa according to the CCCM sector's master list. The majority of these IDP camps are overcrowded, selfsettled makeshift sites with shelters made of locally available materials such as plastics and worn out clothes
Recommendations  [ family and community based approaches to child protection ] Raising awareness around the risks associated harmful practices, early marriage and family separation.   Capacity building for parents, as people children turn to for help, on basic counseling support and appropriate interventions for child survivors of sexual violence   Development of and/or support to peer support systems, particularly for youth.
Carryover water and pasture from the 2019 Deyr season supported livestock through the dry Jilaal  ( January March 2020 )  season. Despite some desert locust damage in northern and central regions, heavy 2020 Gu season rainfall in April through mid May and Hagaa/Karan rains in July September have moderated the impact and replenished pasture and browse across most regions. In most parts of the country, current pasture, browse and water availability is adequate to support livestock, at least through the start of the 2020 Deyr season rainfall in October.
Moreover, joint coordination  ( of CCCM cluster )  with WASH and Health partners have allowed for enhanced hygiene promotion and sanitation activities in sites with high risk of COVID 19 transmission  ( amongst IDP population )
Political and legal institutions can significantly refract and mediate the effects of crises. Institutions remain fragile and lack the robustness required to withstand shocks or crises, resulting in risks that threaten the political, economic, and social stability at the national, regional, or local levels.
Parties to the conflict have damaged telecommunications service by ordering service providers to terminate service or by attacking, destroying or damaging telecommunications installations.
To counter Al Shabaab and attempt to bring added security to Mogadishu, where 276 terrorist incidents were recorded in 2019, most of which were publicly claimed by Al Shabaab, the Somali National Army, with the African Union Mission in Somalia  ( AMISOM )  and other international security partners, launched Operation Badbaado in Shabelle Hoose.
In the projection period, between October and December 2020, a Critical  ( IPC AMN Phase 4 )  prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM ≥ 15% )  is anticipated in these population groups: Bossasso IDPs, Garowe IDPs, Galkacyo IDPs, Beletweyne IDPs and urban, Mogadishu IDPs, Baidoa IDPs, East Golis pastoral, Hiran region, Elbarde district of Bakool region, Middle and Lower Shabelle Riverine and Middle and Lower Juba Riverine livelihoods.
Abductions of humanitarian workers remain a concerning trend. With the exception of the kidnapping and murder of the seven health care workers in Hirshabelle, all of the other kidnappings were verified as having been carried out by Al Shabaab, which considers kidnapping to be a source of income.
Al Shabaab continues to attack some of the newly recovered area in an attempt to regain control. In some cases, civilians have reported abuses and human rights violations by the Somali national armed forces in the newly recovered areas.
For farmers and herders, rainfall patterns influence a complex series of movements in search of grazing land between the seasons. Seasonal variability and unpredicted shifts can have cascading effects on herders, farmers, markets, families and entire communities
Other assistance needs required by households varied between areas. For instance, households in agropastoral areas leading towards assistance to support crop production, such as seeds, tools, fertilizers and pesticides, while households in pastoral areas showed a tendency to report their needs in terms of livestock production assistance, such as facilitating access to water, obtaining animal feed and accessing veterinary services and inputs. Overall, marketing support for agricultural products was also commonly identified as a crosscutting need.
To get families through the coming weeks, humanitarian agencies have so far trucked water to almost 50,000 households, reaching about 300,000 people. But distribution is not easy   water trucking is notoriously expensive and dangers are involved in insecure areas.
In response, ongoing desert locust surveys and control operations for both land and air have been scaled up, while resources including aircrafts, vehicles, equipment, biopesticides, insect growth regulators and staff have been strategically positioned in various parts of the country. Since the start of the year, FAO has sprayed more than 110,000 hectares with biopesticides, saving 193,000 metric tonnes of cereals and productive assets for almost 90,000 pastoral households.
50 COVID 19 Frontline Responders  ( 19 females, 31 males )  from Gaalkacyo were trained on the following topics: IASC Guide on Basic Psychosocial Skills and Psychological First Aid adapted for COVID 19 pandemic context ) .
A total of 57% of the respondent confirmed that they have met or heard of UASC children since the displacement begun. When asked what they think are the main causes of separations 29% of the respondents mentioned that disappearance of children/caregivers in the immediate aftermath of the displacement is the cause, while 18% of the respondents said it is through losing caregivers/children during relocation.
Main reason for displacement in Cabudwaaq District is Droughts
A task force has been established to further coordinate the development of the site  [ due to challenged linked to displacement the Government of Jubaland has decided to seek for a long term, large scale solution, ]  led by NRC Area manager in close coordination with IOM, IOM CCCM, UNHCR, UN Habitat, MoI and others
Public transport is based on private minibuses operators active, although not on regular routes. While this makes service difficult to assess in terms of condition and quality, it makes it also very responsive to the urban development of the city. For instance, the new IDPs settlement in Midnimo village were served by some minibus right after implementation.
By 2050 it is projected that precipitation will increase by about three per cent, especially during the rainy season, with increasing seasonal variability. This could benefit agriculture in some regions but lead to flooding and soil erosion in areas with minimal or degraded forests.
Preparations underway for December NID across the country  ( due to the recent increase in cases ) . PPEs distributed to all regions of Somalia.
Kismayo is an area where pastoral, agricultural, and coastal traditions meet depriving it of the relative clan and livelihood homogeneity of regions further north. While conflict among political and military groups is centring on political control and influence, in particular of Kismayo and its port, clan tensions result primarily from competition over resources such as land, grazing rights, water, farmlands, livestock, and access to humanitarian aid.
The charcoal industry is of main economic importance to Kismayo and the whole country at large and it represents the largest natural resource for export. Charcoal remains the most affordable and reliable source of fuel for most Somali households. It also serves as a main livelihood activity  ( cutting trees, charcoal burning, packaging and selling )  for the urban and rural poor. There is also a high interest of higher income groups, transporters, exporters and militia in the trade of charcoal.
Most of the 2.6 million IDPs in Somalia live in informal and unplanned settlements where living conditions are poor and forced eviction is a common threat. Safety and security concerns remain a high priority for all affected populations, with displacement contributing to immediate and heightened exposure to violence, exploitation and other forms of abuse.
A Swiss Development Cooperation funded resilience programme targeting nearly 22,000 people intended to enhance community's resistance to shocks was launched in Baidoa by South West State authorities and partners.
( According to the Humanitarian Response Plan )  Protection is the best covered cluster, with a quarter of its funding needs met. Food security and health clusters have received minimum or no funding.
Over 10,000 people have reportedly been affected by floods in Marka district, South West State, after two riverbanks broke on 1 August
The desert locust control operation is still on going by federal and state ministries of agriculture with financial and technical/ financial support of FAO in Puntland, Somaliland and Galmudug. About 21, 800 Hectares have been treated with bio pesticides on the ground and aerial control operation so far. FAO is procuring additional bio pesticide to further support control operation targeting 230,000 Ha. The survey and control operation is supported by 40 vehicles and two helicopters.
Seventy one percent of child protection partners reported that children are experiencing psychological distress. Child protection partners have witnessed increased fear and anxiety amongst children, due to disruption of their daily routines.
WASH: 41% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had sufficient access to water while 38% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had insufficient access to water in the month preceding data collection.
In Puntland, 50 per cent of the assessed communities reported outward displacement from their community in the last month, with 79 out of 84 communities  ( 95 per cent )  citing water shortages as the main driver of displacement.
The effects of the COVID 19 pandemic have led to a slowdown in economic activity marked by a decline in remittances as well as a short term spike in imported staple food prices and a sharp decline in livestock exports
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  16% households with a vulnerable primary income earner
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main driver of protection LSGs was found to be*: • Households reporting having experienced movement restrictions in the 30 days prior to data collection  ( 17% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  95% of IDP settlement and 71% of non IDP settlement households found with a Shelter and non food items Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
Ethiopia and Somalia had the highest proportion of PoEs  [ Points of Entry ]  completely closed for all movement  ( 92% and 85%, respectively )
Hygiene and sanitations materials were distributed to approximately 1,000 persons of concern in Galkayo, while approximately 500 PPEs were delivered to health facilities in Berbera and Hargeisa by UNHCR.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  71% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 25% found to be extreme severe, 46% severe, 24% stress, 5% no or minimal.
Exacerbating the limited access to healthcare, 3.4 million non IDPs face insufficient access to potable water and sanitation services. An estimated 17.5 per cent of non IDP households face critical or catastrophic gaps in accessing enough water to cover their basic needs for both drinking and domestic us.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 49% for severe and lowest was 4% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 37% for severe and lowest was 12% for extreme+.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  88% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 70% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 18% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 12% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  849% and 68% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no awareness of medical, legal, or psychological services to address incidents of GBV.
The worst affected regions include Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Gedo, Mudug, Nuugal, Bari, Toghdheer and Sool which are currently experiencing severe water shortage for domestic use, water for livestock as well as agricultural production.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  29% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 25% and 18% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among households with multi sectoral needs, highest need was of WASH ( 97% ) , followed by education ( 96% ) , Shelter ( 91% ) , Nutrition ( 78% ) , Health ( 27% )  and Protection ( 17% )
Agropastoral and riverine livelihood zones: Driven by the availability of the below average deyr harvests and a seasonal increase in livestock holdings and milk availability, most agropastoral and riverine livelihood zones are currently Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) .
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 54% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 42% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 4% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported areas in the community where boys or men do not feel safe were On the way to markets  ( 26% ) , At water points  ( 29% )  and When leaving settlement/town  ( 38% ) .
PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 8% and 7% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported areas in their community where girls or women do not feel safe.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  3% and 4% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  17% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be extreme+ severe, 6% extreme, 8% severe, 65 %stress, 18% no or minimal.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  15% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 37% and 18% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. Only 5% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 56% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 37% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 26% )
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of nutrition barriers reported by households with children were: Unaware that supplements are available  ( 52% ) , Unaware that services are available  ( 34% ) , Facilities too far to travel to ( 35% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  21% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 35%, 33% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 1% )
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  12% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 42%, 35%of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 1% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  14% of households were found to have at least one Protection Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 13% of households were found to have a Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in protection but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection, 1% of households were found to have both a LSG in protection and a CG in Protection and 86% of households were found to have no protection Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in protection.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  95% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 94% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 1% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 5% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  36% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 28% and 24% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively, 12% reported that it takes 1 3hours and 0% reported it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 9% ) , Diarrhoea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 0% ) , skin infections  ( 0% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 63% for stress and lowest was 4% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 66% for stress and lowest was 2% for extreme+.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 60% for no or minimal and lowest was 4% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 65% for no or minimal and lowest was 5% for extreme.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 42% for extreme and lowest was 0% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per WASH LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 45% for extreme and lowest was 1% for no or minimal.
Nearly 80 percent of households were already using stressed livelihoods coping strategies in December, driven primarily by borrowing cash or credit to purchase food.
Income from fishing activities is expected to remain below normal throughout the scenario period due to the destruction of fishing vessels during the cyclone and low demand during the pandemic. Further, fish availability is seasonally low during the June to September monsoon season.
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  12% households with at least one person with a chronic illness which lasted 3 months or longer at the time of the data collection
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  1% and 4% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.
In Somaliland, 50 per cent of assessed communities reported movement of populations related to water shortage since October 2020. Of the 40 communities assessed, there were 118 shallow wells, of which only 29 had some water  ( 25 per cent ) . Besides, 27 per cent of assessed berkeds were already depleted and 25 per cent had less than half of their water content. An increase in the price of water was also reported. Most assessed communities raised concerns over the lack of water for livestock and a lack of pasture
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 35% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 15% ) .
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 61% for Extreme and lowest was 2% for no or minimal. Similarly highest percentage of households per Nutrition LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 55% for severe and lowest was 4% for no or minimal.
Despite operational and access challenges, humanitarian partners reached 2.3 million people out of 3 million targeted in 2020, with an average of around 1.5 million people were reached per month.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported preferred types of remote learning modalities were: Basic writing materials ( pen, paper )   ( 49% ) , school textbooks  ( 52% )  and radio classes  ( 28% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment: Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 54% ) , Have not tried to access medical services  ( 16% ) , did not get qualified health staff at the health facility ( 24% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 80% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per SNFI LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 50% for severe and lowest was 0% for no or minimal and extreme+.
More than half a million people – 546,103 – have been affected by flooding in Somalia following a sharp rise in the level of the Shabelle River due to heavy rains in the country and in the Ethiopian highlands.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 24% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 11% ) .
[ Recommendations: Capacity building for child protection cadre/workers ] Service mapping and awareness raising on sexual violence.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 79% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 77% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  90% of the household found with WASH living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 11% found to be very extremely+ severe, 34% extreme severe, 45% severe, 8% stress, 2% no or minimal.
The exchange rate of local currency vs USD slightly appreciated in most markets compared to last week. For instance, in Hargeisa, the exchange rate between local currency and USD decreased from 8,500 to 8,490 SL SH. per USD
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  10% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 5% found to be extreme+ severe, 2% extreme, 3% severe, 67% stress, 23% no or minimal.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one Education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 94% of households were found to have an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education but no capacity gap in education. 2% of households were found to have both an Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  in education and a capacity gap in education. 4% of households were found to have no education Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a capacity gap in education.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  1% and 0% of households of both IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement respectively reported their property or possessions were damaged or stolen in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 32% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 26% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 21% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 11% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  19% and 22% of households of IDP settlement and Non IDP settlement reported all school aged children in their household who were previously attending school are continuing learning activities remotely since schools have been closed.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Education LSGs were found to be primarily driven by Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for boys  ( 80% )  , Households with school aged children who reported barriers to accessing education for girls  ( 81% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 53% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 32% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 35% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported problems encountered when accessing health services or treatment were Cost of services and/or medicine was too high  ( 51% ) , Did not get access to qualified health staff at the health facility  ( 15% ) , have not tried to access medical services  ( 14% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  60% households with a vulnerable primary income earner
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  28% households with at least one pregnant and/or lactating woman.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  19% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 47% and 15% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively.
Health: Most commonly reported types of health services available from the assessed settlements reporting access were drugstore  ( 66% ) , clinic  ( 11% ) , individual practice  ( 17% ) .
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  6% and 8% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported gender based violence  ( GBV )  related incidents against anybody in their community in the 30 days prior to data collection.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  25% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 2% found to be extreme severe, 3% extreme, 20% severe, 37% stress, 38% no or minimal.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  23% of Households of IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status while 38% of Households of non IDP settlements reported a lack of documentation proving their occupancy status.
Provision of legal aid, including counselling and representation in relation to evictions and other Housing, land and property  ( HLP )  specific cases.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water by household were water points are too far  ( 25% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 25% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 21% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 29% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 25% ) .
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  9% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 90% ) , physically unable to access distribution points  ( 14% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 27% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 7% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 76% ) .
Children with disabilities often struggle to access education in Somalia. There are inadequate resources for the schools and child protection facilities to install ramps for wheelchairs, transport services for those who struggle with mobility, and ‘disability friendly' learning resources and study spaces.There are also very few teachers and child protection staff who have had adequate training in how to incorporate children with disabilities into classroom learning and social services. Inability to access education for children with disabilities is a protection concern as they are unable to benefit from the protective elements of access to schools.
Food insecurity and school disruptions contributed to the increase of Female genital mutilation ( FGM )  and GBV incidence in the period of COVID 19 in some regions in Somalia. Major reasons adduced for an increase in Female genital mutilation ( FGM )  include closure of schools  ( 39 per cent )  and a source of income for Traditional Birth Attendants  ( 28 per cent ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The most commonly reported types of education facilities attended were Primary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 58% ) , Quranic school for boys  ( 13% ) , Quranic school for girls  ( 14% )  and Secondary mixed school for boys and girls  ( 16% ) .
There are over 6,900 children associated with armed forces and groups who require highly specialized protection and rehabilitation services as well as reintegration support.
Past trends show when two consecutive rainy seasons in Somalia perform poorly or fail, rapid and large scale deterioration in acute food insecurity can occur, for example in 2010/2011 and more recently 2016/2017. As a result, a high proportion of the population that is projected to be Stressed in terms of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 2 )  in October December 2020 could deteriorate to Crisis levels  ( IPC Phase 3 )  in early 2021.
The security situation has not changed significantly over the last year. Monitoring data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project  ( ACLED )  indicates a total of 2,423 incidents leading to 3,122 fatalities across Somalia in 2020.
Potential socio economic risks in 2021 continue to include an anticipated decline in livestock exports, lower labour demand a decline in external remittance flows into Somalia, and above average imported staple food prices.
As such, displaced households are more vulnerable and less resilient to the impact of shocks and tend to resort faster to negative coping strategies, which contributes significantly to their high severity of humanitarian need.
Particularly high population density, prevalent in most IDP sites in Somalia, is also a key factor in communicable disease transmission, increasing the infection risks of COVID 19, cholera and polio.
Despite challenges, humanitarian partners continue to reach people in need across Somalia. During 2020, 2.3 million people  ( 87 per cent )  out of a targeted 3 million were reached with assistance.
Strengthening of community based protection mechanism by Protection Cluster partners. Total reached 310 individuals  ( 77 women, 155 men, 78 boys )
In this context the COVID 19 pandemic poses serious concern considering the high level of vulnerability across the country. Somalia reported its first case of COVID 19 in March 2020. Since then, 4,445 cases with 113 deaths had been confirmed as of 21 November 2020.Four per cent  ( 198 cases )  of the cases were reported among health workers, negatively impacting response efforts amid already limited healthcare services in the country.
The influx of displaced people from rural areas also increases the risk of localized conflicts and social exclusion, aggravated by increased competition for livelihoods in urban settings.
In 2021, Somalia is expected to continue facing significant humanitarian challenges. An estimated 5.9 million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian assistance.
2020 has been a year that witnessed an increase in incidents of gender based violence against women and girls due to the restrictions imposed by the Government due to the COVID 19 pandemic in addition to the persistent communal conflicts, armed conflicts, and natural disasters including droughts and floods. Isolation, loss of livelihoods due to closure of business, disruptions in school calendars, and limitations of movement are associated with an increase in sexual violence, intimate partner violence and female genital mutilation among children, adolescent girls and women.
According to the results of 36 separate nutrition surveys conducted by FSNAU and partners in November and December 2020, the overall median Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  in Somalia remained Serious, indicated by weight for height z score of 10 14.9 percent or by a mid upper arm circumference below 125 mm of 5 9.9 percent. The drivers of acute malnutrition include high morbidity, low immunization, and vitamin A supplementation, reduced access to milk, and food insecurity.
Based on the results of household surveys and field assessments conducted in November and December 2020, approximately 1.6 million people face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse outcomes in the presence of planned and likely humanitarian assistance during the January March 2021 period. An additional 2.5 million people are Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) , bringing the total number of people experiencing acute food insecurity to 4.1 million.
Humanitarian assistance must be sustained through mid 2020 to prevent Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  conditions for 2.7 million people across Somalia. Livelihoods support is also required for people that have been classified in Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  or worse
Lifesaving curative and preventive services have been implemented at scale throughout 2020. Large scale and sustained humanitarian assistance and government support have contributed to preventing the worsening of food insecurity and malnutrition conditions across many parts of Somalia.
Between July and December 2020, approximately 661,000 people were newly displaced, mainly due to floods  ( 69% ) , insecurity/conflict  ( 14% ) , and lack of livelihoods  ( 14% ) . Most of these displacements occurred in Hiran, Lower Shabelle, Middle Shabelle, and Bay regions.
From January to December 2021,838,900 number of 6 59 months children were projected to be acutely malnourished and are in need of treatment. Among them, 143,200 were projected to be Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )  , 695,700 to be Moderate Acute Malnutrition  ( MAM )  and 838,900 to be Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  .
Water and pasture resources are getting depleted in most of the affected pastoral areas leading to abnormal migration of livestock and communities.
LIVELIHOODS/PASTORALISM: However, 100% of respondents from Badhan, Dhahar and Erigavo identified pasture depletion as occurring where 89% of respondents from Badhan estimated proportion of pasture that was depleted as being between 50 75% over what was available the previous year. Respondents from Dhahar and Erigavo cited the same percentage of depletion among 67% and 83% of respondents respectively with two  ( 2 )  respondents in these areas placing pasture depletion at 75% to 100%.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  16% of the households found with Protection living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be extreme severe, 3% extreme, 10% severe, 62% stress, 22% no or minimal.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of shelter enclosure issues reported by households were Leaks during heavy rain  ( 50% ) , Leaks during light rain  ( 35% ) , Lack of insulation from cold  ( 27% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 45% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 34% ) .
The latest donation, consisting of three large isolation/treatment medical tents, 50,000 face shields and 10,000 pairs of gloves, is part of UNHCR's ongoing efforts to support the government of Somalia in curbing the spread of COVID 19.
The cholera alert was captured through the early warning and alert response network  ( EWARN ) , a disease surveillance system for epidemic prone disease that is implemented in Somalia to ensure timely alerts to detect, prevent and respond to disease outbreaks.
The price of fodder increased in riverine livelihood zone due to high demand resulting from the effects of Jilaal season. For instance, Doolow and BeletHawo, one bundle of fodder is $1.5 while and, in Luuq, it is $1.2. In addition, some locations in Gedo received rain this week.
In Xudur town, blockades by insurgents  ( A.S )  remain in place leading to scarcity of food items and economic activities in the town are very low due to poor livestock market and restricted movement of people. Imported food items increased by 10% to 13% and local cereals increased by 2% to 8%, fuel prices remain the same as last week and is very high.
In comparison with the previous quarter, total imports in the Bossaso port appeared to decline throughout the last quarter of 2020. The decline has intensified in the last two months of the year, until it reached its lowest point of the whole year in December.
Explosive Hazards: HRP identified 0.9million people in need of protection from explosive hazards and targeted 0.3 million people to provide protection response. There are 5 partners and 2 project working for protection from explosive hazard.
The COVID 19 pandemic places the population at increased risk and stresses the capacity of the healthcare system.
Food insecurity is expected to worsen in 2021 across Somalia, over 2.6million people across Somalia are expected to face crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity by mid 2021. Among them 2.2M and 0.4M are expected to face IPC3 and IPC4 respectively.
Cyclone Gati, the strongest storm to hit Somalia, made landfall in late November  ( 2020 ) , again creating conducive Desert Locust breeding conditions. New Desert Locust swarms started forming in central regions in early December and moved to southern areas at the end of 2020.
The Government of Somalia, with support from WHO, UNICEF and partners, is also working on ways to provide vaccines for rest of its population.
Shelter: KIs from 45% of assessed settlements reported that shelters were destroyed or seriously damaged in the month prior to data collection.
WASH: 33% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had access to soap and water for hand washing while 53% of assessed settlements where people reportedly did not use soap and water for hand washing or do not had access.
Given poor households' existing debt burden, they will be unable to access credit without first paying down some debt. In the absence of humanitarian food assistance, many poor households will be unable to cover their minimum food and essential non food needs and are expected to face slight to moderate food consumption gaps.
Communication: People in 83% of assessed settlements had reportedly been receiving any information about COVID 19 in the month preceding data collection.
Since 2018, protection needs have been on the rise as a result of continued armed conflict and violence and severe impact of climate change shocks. Within all the activities supported by Sida in Somalia, protection will be a central element.
In riverine areas of Beledweyn, significant humanitarian food assistance is supporting Stressed!  ( IPC Phase 2! )  outcomes and likely preventing deterioration to Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) . Despite current Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  outcomes, however, Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral, Cowpea Agropastoral, and riverine are areas of concern.
85,171 refugee returnees from Kenya  ( 2014   2021 )  : Data on destinations for returnees from Kenya is generally based on the place of initial return. In the case of arrivals by road convoy in 2017, the final destination declared on arrival is used.
Results from the 2020 post Gu assessment conducted by FSNAU and FEWS NET indicated 2.1 million people would face Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  levels of food insecurity between September and December 2020. However, this does not take into account the full impact of below average rainfall in most parts of Somalia during the 2020 Deyr season and the influence of a La Niña potentially leading to drought conditions in the first half of 2021.
Inter state road transport is limited due to insecurity and conflict. Overland transport from Kenya to border regions in Somalia has not been possible since April 2019 due to the closure of Mandera border, which has resulted in the requirement to airlift all commodities to border areas. Access by sea is the most practical option for prepositioning high volumes of humanitarian supplies, however, only four ports – Mogadishu, Bossaso, Berbera and Kismayo – remain operational.
Agricultural production: There are significant regional and livelihood zone level differences in cereal production. Crop losses were highest in Cowpea Belt Agropastoral livelihood zone, where desert locust and other pests caused crop failure, and in riverine areas of Gedo, Hiiraan, Middle and Lower Juba, and Middle Shabelle, where damage caused by floods and desert locust resulted in regional production shortfalls for the main season that were 26 to 70 percent below the respective regional 10 year averages  ( 2010 2019 ) .