nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
This contributes to an inadequate food intake, which negatively impacts children's growth from early an early age. Approximately 522,000 children under five are severely malnourished, and 2.2 million children are moderately malnourished  ( MAM ) . The prevalence of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  in children under five is 14.1 per cent. The prevalence of MAM among pregnant and lactating women is 6.3 percent.
The phasing out of some restrictions in August 2020 benefited agricultural operations. Livestock rearing activities were also affected by the restrictive measures, mainly through shortages of medicines and vaccines and access constraints to pastures.
In the traditional sector in Western Sudan, farmers with small agricultural holding depend on family labour in performing the manual agricultural operation and were not affected by the labour shortages.
FAO  [ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ]  also distributed agricultural tools, namely 1 029 donkey carts, 3 800 rakes with handle, 3 240 donkey ploughs and 11 605 weeding hoes. Interventions aimed to support the agricultural sector by increasing farm productivity and small farmers' income by improving the nutrition situation and by mitigating the impact of floods.
Both fertilizers and herbicides were adequately available, but at a very high cost. For example, the price of urea in 2020 doubled compared to the previous year, while prices of herbicides were almost four times their year earlier levels.
In addition, FAO  [ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ]  provided about 205 tonnes of groundnuts seeds, 184 tonnes of sorghum seeds, 51 tonnes of sesame seeds, 18 tonnes of millet seeds, 14 tonnes of cowpea seeds, 9.5 tonnes of vegetables seeds and 2.7 tonnes of watermelon seeds. To support the livestock sector, FAO distributed more than 2.6 million doses of animal drugs, 570 tonnes of concentrated feed and 23 tonnes of mineral supplement.
While COVID 19 containment measures prevented the spread of the virus, they impacted the large informal service sector in urban areas and affecting daily workers, particularly women.
Sudan remains prone to various hazards, including localized conflict, floods and cyclical disease outbreaks, which drive humanitarian needs and affect thousands each year. In 2020, almost 900,000 people were affected in the worst flooding in 100 years. An estimated 2.2 million hectares of agricultural land was flooded, representing 26.8 per cent of cultivated areas in the 15 assessed states.
Four positive cases have so far been identified in Um Rakuba camp and are currently in isolation in the camp. 63 close contacts have been identified and quarantined
Prices of livestock also followed an increasing trend during 2020 and they were well above their values a year earlier. In November 2020, prices of calves, goats and sheep in El Obeid market in North Kordofan State were more than threefold compared to a year earlier.
There is a high risk for desert locust developing in Sudan, and more mature and immature swarms are expected to arrive from neighbouring countries and invade winter breeding areas at the Red Sea.
On one hand, revenues decreased as oil transit fees that the country receives from South Sudan as well as oil exports decreased on account of the decline in international oil prices amid the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic. On the other hand, expenditures increased due to higher wages for civil servants and sustained subsidies following the soaring inflation.
The impact of the restrictive measures to contain the COVID 19 pandemic resulted in labour shortages at the beginning of the season, until some restrictions were phased out in August 2020.
The 2020/21 national cereal production is estimated at almost 8 million tonnes, 12 percent up from 2019 and 25 percent higher than the average of the past five years, driven by an increased sorghum production, which is estimated at about 5.1 million tonnes, 39 percent higher than the level of the previous year and 16 percent above the past five year average
To date, 962 latrines have collapsed  in Bantiu  ( 187 ) , Al Radom  ( 700 )  and Al Mashaga  ( 75 ) . The assessment is still ongoing in White Nile State and East Darfur for the impact of rains on latrines and its highly likely that these numbers will increase.
In many locations, education services for refugees are provided through parallel service providers, usually through UNHCR, UNICEF, Commissioner for Refugees ( COR )  or NGOs.
Refugee children in East Sudan, Darfur and in Khartoum also lack access to inclusive and equitable education.
The majority of refugee and asylum seekers in Sudan face high levels of poverty. They are hosted in some of the poorest regions of the country, where host communities are equally struggling for scarce resources.
From a two room clinic in disrepair which was supporting up to 140 patients every week the Um Rakuba health centre has expanded to six areas, assisting up to 1,000 patients per week
Conflict between the Masalit and the Arab communities in mid January, led to the displacement of over 108,000 people. Most IDPs are sheltering in schools and health facilities in Ag Geneina Town. An estimated 10,000 IDPs are displaced in four villages outside of the town.
On 19 April, 60 aid workers in 14 teams carried out an inter agency needs assessment in 51 gathering sites  ( 47 sites with new IDPs and four sites with previously displaced people )  in Ag Geneina that were reported as having newly displaced people by the Humanitarian Aid Commission  ( HAC ) .
All surveyed clusters have shown significant increase in the price of local food basket from November 2017 to November 2018. The price increase was highest in White Nile, with price increasing by 215 percent followed by South Darfur, South Kordofan, and West Kordofan.
In 2020, disruptions to marketing and trading activities related to the measures implemented to contain the spread of COVID 19 and to widespread floods provided further upward pressure on prices.
Through advocacy, UHNCR supported the integration of refugee nutrition programmes into the national health system, enabling refugees to access treatment for moderate and severe acute malnutrition.
Take Home Ration  ( THR )  distributions for students enrolled in WFP supported schools started in one state. This entitlement is being provided as a substitute for on site school meals that have been suspended due to the closure of schools.
The country faces multiple challenges, including over 200% annual inflation, currency depreciation and fuel shortages, further compounded by lockdown restrictions due to COVID 19 earlier in 2020.
An additional 420 IDP gold miners working in neighboring Chad  ( 170 ) , Northern State  ( 155 )  and South Darfur  ( 95 )  are also reportedly unable to return home to IDP camps across West, North and South Darfur.
The conflict between the Masalit and the Arab communities started in mid January  [ 2021 ]  and led to the displacement of over 109,000 people. Most IDPs are sheltering in schools and health facilities in Ag Geneina town. An estimated 10,000 IDPs are still displaced in four villages outside of the town.
On 5 April, the state of emergency was declared for the State of West Darfur in Sudan, following clashes between Masalit and Arab communities killing reportedly 132 persons.
Also on 17 April, food security sector partners carried out initial verifications to assess how many people are in need of urgent food assistance, to move quickly in providing them the needed support. The distribution of one month food rations for affected people in Ag Geneina started on 18 April.
In 2020, DTM registered 76,354 individuals across three states of Darfur and South Kordofan – 39,922  ( 52% )  of which were returnees and 36,432  ( 48% )  internally displaced persons  ( IDPs ) . Of the returnee caseload, 98 per cent were returnees from internal displacement and two per cent were returnees from abroad
( 28 March 2019 ) The increase in the food insecure population can be attributed to the increase in the proportion of people with poor food consumption. In case of Buranga. Mornie, Habila cluster and Ardamata, El Riad, Kirinding 1 cluster the percentage of people with poor food consumption more than doubled, reaching 30 percent and 17 percent respectively.
( 28 March 2019 ) The largest deterioration in food security was observed in Gereida cluster, where the proportion of food insecure households went up from 73 percent to 92 percent.
humanitarians working on water, sanitation and hygiene  ( WASH )  are supplying more than 35,000 IDPs in Ag Geneina with water.
By the end of 2020, the number of functional primary healthcare centres decreased by 40 per cent across the country, according to the health sector estimates.
( 28 March 2019 ) Purchasing power decreased or remained low in tern for most of the camps. In Haroun Al Mahta camp, however, proportion of people who cannot afford 1 local food basket reduced from 80 percent to 50 percent.
( 28 March 2019 ) In other clusters, food security situation deteriorated slightly with 64 percent of the population food insecure in Garsila, Umdokhon, Mukjar cluster, and 75 percent of the population in Nertiti, Hameedia cluster.
( 28 March 2019 ) Displaced populations in South Darfur were most severely affected by food insecurity, with the proportion of food insecure households at the state level found to be 74 percent followed by Central Darfur and North Darfur with 69 percent for each.
By vaccinating Sudan's health care workers first, they can continue providing life saving services and maintain a functional health care system. It is critical that health care workers who protect the lives of others are protected first.
The announcement came as WFP together with the Ministry of Education celebrated International Day of School Feeding. This day stresses the importance that school feeding programmes play in developing future generations and reducing disparities by facilitating access to education and building back better following the COVID 19 pandemic.
While water provision is within desired quantities of ≥ 20 litres per day for Chadian refugees in Central Darfur, there is need to continue to support operation and maintenance of existing facilities to ensure continued supply of water.
The rate of malnutrition in Sudan has changed little in the last three decades, with an estimated 52 per cent of cases living in the nine non conflict states.
Clinical management and psychological support to gender based violence survivors, including clinical management of rape, is still burdened by lack of services and a weak referral system, stigma, lack of awareness, and lack of qualified staff both at the facility and community level.
On 16 August, the Government of the United Arab Emirates  ( UAE )  sent 24 tons of medical and food aid to assist in COVID 19 and floods response. Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic in Sudan in mid March, the UAE has donated nearly 90 tons of medical supplies and equipment. In addition, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development donated 136 tons of medicines to the National Fund for Medical Supplies in Sudan
Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic in Sudan in mid March, the Government confirmed that 29,542 people contracted the virus, including 2,003 who died from the disease, as of 20 March 2021.
Fuel shortages, limited numbers of vehicles and limited road access are also posing a challenge to the relocation of the new arrivals as well as the provision of supplies to the different sites.
Prices of locally grown sorghum and millet, after declining in January 2021 from the record highs reached in December 2020, resumed their upward trend in February 2021, according to March 2021 update from the Food Price Monitoring and Analysis  ( FPMA )  Bulletin. The prices increased last month by 8 11 per cent compared to January in most monitored markets, despite the recent completion of the harvest in early 2021. Prices in February were exceptionally high, up to three times the already high February 2020 levels, mainly due to the continuous depreciation of the local currency, FPMA reported
By the end of week 34 of the 2020 epidemiological year, 900,000 malaria cases had been reported. This accounted for 13.3 per cent of all patients' visits to health facilities.
The provision of WFP Logistics services  ( storage, transportation, fuel and vehicle maintenance )  was available in May to UN agencies and NGOs through Bilateral Service Provision at full cost recovery and coordinated by the Logistic Sector.
Other gaps include capacity to provide PSS, PFA, identify and respond to the basic needs of most vulnerable individuals, families, counseling and legal assistance, timely food distribution to the newly displaced families, basic services, NFIs/ shelter, adequate health service, water and livelihood.
Another 17.5 million people were estimated to be under stress phase  ( IPC phase 2 ) , and any additional shocks like floods, inflation and poverty would push them to severe levels of hunger. Almost all states registered a considerable increase in food consumption gaps if compared with 2019.
The eastern states of Sudan have a very high rate of out of school children and should receive increased and targeted support.  ( HRP Recommendations )
Despite the efforts to deliver humanitarian assistance by following strict COVID 19 protocols, some activities – such as biometric registration – were put on hold pending identification of a suitable solution. Depending on the level of preparedness, at the onset of COVID 19, in most States registration continued at the household level and then moved to individual registration, without biometrics.
While the Government of Sudan maintains a generous open border policy for those fleeing conflict and persecution, key protection gaps undermining the liberty, safety and dignity of refugees persist. These include documentation gaps, restriction on freedom of movement, and access to basic services – such as formal labour markets and financial services and lack of land ownership.
It remains difficult to ensure that adequate space and basic services are available to absorb new arrivals, while sustaining service provision to the existing caseloads. This is particularly problematic in camps hosting South Sudanese in White Nile and East Darfur, with the added challenge of complex land rights of private landowners and host communities.
Gaps are noted both in funding and in the application of a measured cohesive durable response that simultaneously tackles water, hygiene and sanitation.
Nutrition activities continue to be delivered in line with the guidance provided on COVID 19 prevention and control measure. 214,000 children 6 59 months of age and pregnant and nursing women received nutrition assistance in May 2020 across 13 states.
UNHCR advocates for refugee integration into the national health system.
Updating of safe and dignified referral systems, mapping of available services and the promotion of the GBV standard operating procedures.
Nutrition sector developed guidelines to adapt service delivery in the context of COVID 19 that sustained the life saving activities, including the emergency response to floods in 2020.
Sudan is host to one of the largest South Sudanese refugee populations in the region, with a total of 736,685 persons living in the country in December 2020. In East Sudan, a new influx of over 50,000 Ethiopian refugees began in November 2020. This new wave joins more than 130,000 Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees and asylumseekers living in protracted situations in camps and urban areas across Aj Jazirah, Gedaref, Kassala, Red Sea and Sennar states. Moreover, over 110,000 refugees of various nationalities  ( Ethiopian, Eritrean, Congolese, Somali, Yemeni and Syrian )  are living in Khartoum together with over 190,000 South Sudanese refugees, all in dire need of assistance.
There are 1,208 teachers in Kadugli – producing an average of 24 students per class. Almost 82 per cent of the population have access to education – primary schools constituting the largest availability. Finally, 99 per cent of existing schools are reportedly functionable, with 87 per cent constructed from brick.
Education is a high priority need across five of the visited locations. There are currently an estimated 29,051 students enrolled in school, with a larger percentage being female  ( 17,736 females and 14,861 males ) .
In Abu Jubaiha, police are present in 25 locations. A formal justice system is operating in one village, whilst tribal justice systems exist across 57 other locations.
The retail prices of groundnut increased in five states compared to the previous month, while it decreased in two states and remained unchanged in three states. It sharply increased in East Darfur  ( 18 percent ) , South Darfur  ( 14 percent )  and slightly increased in Blue Nile  ( 5 percent ) , North Kordofan  ( 4 percent )  and West Darfur  ( 2 percent ) . It sharply decreased in White Nile  ( 1.7 percent )  and slightly in South Kordofan  ( 2 percent ) . It remained stable in Central Darfur, North Darfur and Kassala states.
The national average price of groundnut was higher by 36.7 percent compared to the previous month. This is due to the high cost of production and growing demand for export markets.
The current national retail price of sorghum is higher by 69 percent compared to the same period of the previous year  ( April 2018 ) . The national average price of sorghum was 214 percent higher than the five year average of the same month  ( April )
To slow down the spread of COVID 19, government closed airports, sea ports and land crossings on 16 March and imposed a lockdown in Khartoum on 18 April.
During 2019, episodes of violence and armed conflict continued to occur across Sudan resulting in more than 500 fatalities, mainly in Khartoum, Red Sea, Darfur, and South, West and North Kordofan states.  [ Specific Location assessed   Darfur ]
Additionally, 54 percent of households had to resort to livelihood based coping strategies. The most prevalent of these was spending savings on food, employed by 30 percent of households.
The third update estimates a total number of 11,311 individuals  ( 1,782 households )  displaced across Tuel, Tulus, Dika and Dagama villages, as well as Dereige and Majouk in Nyala town.
Overall, in the 13 states that were surveyed, 31 percent of the households were food insecure. Only 8 percent of households were food secure in a sufficient manner.
The households headed by women also had worse food consumption in the last 7 days preceding the survey. 77 percent of the households headed by men had acceptable food consumption compared to 62 percent of households headed by women.
Only 9% of children aged 6 23 months met the minimum acceptable diet criteria. Lowest percentages were found in East Darfur  ( 2% ) , West Kordofan ( 2% )  and Gedarif  ( 4% )  whereas the highest was observed in the West and the Central Darfur at 16% each. This indicator measures the proportion of children 6 23 months of age who receive a minimum acceptable diet  ( MAD ) , apart from breast milk.
Additionally, 54 percent of the households had to resort to livelihood based coping strategies, most prevalent of which was spending their savings on food, employed by 30 percent of households. 23 percent of households were forced to cut down on medical expenses, and 16 percent had to sell their last remaining female animals causing an irreversible loss of livelihoods.
WASH is the highest priority need in 70 of the location across the locality. At present, there are 264 water sources available in Abu Jubaiha – only 58 per cent of which are still functional. The community is largely responsible for the maintenance of these sources.
According to the interviewed extension officers, the main shocks faced by livestock keepers in the past three months prior to the assessment were the following  ( in order of importance ) : lack of pasture, restricted livestock movement  ( transhumance )  due to COVID 19 containment measures, livestock diseases such as peste des petits ruminants and haemorrhagic septicaemia, followed by insufficient veterinary services, conflict/insecurity and limited access to water.
Land border crossing points are gradually re opening. Argin and Halfa official land border crossing points are now open for entry and exit. Karb Eltoum and Agok unofficial border crossing points and El Tina official crossing point remain open. Sawakin seaport is open for commercial traffic. All bus travel between states has been banned as of 26 March 2020, with the exception of humanitarian, commercial and technical shipments.
The operating status includes scheduled cargo flights; humanitarian aid and technical and humanitarian support flights; flights of companies operating in the oil fields; evacuation flights for foreign nationals; and repatriation flights for Sudanese stranded abroad, which began on 21 June 2020.
An economic crisis has triggered a rise in the cost of living and eroded household purchasing power  ( annual inflation reached almost 70 percent by November ) .
The Government's Commission for Refugees  ( COR )  and the Sudanese Red Crescent Society  ( SRCS )  supported the construction of 63 durable shelters  ( ‘tukuls' )  with the refugee community in White Nile State's newest refugee camp Al Jamey'a. Each shelter can accommodate up to 5 people.
Nearly 2 million Sudanese live as internally displaced in Sudan, that hosts about 1 million refugees. While humanitarian access and security have improved in some areas, there were setbacks that led to new displacement in Darfur.
With the closure of schools on 15 March, more than 8.1 million school children are out of school. This includes the 3.6 million children  ( aged between 5 and 13 years )  who lack access to education across the country.
Among  [ households ]  HHs with children aged 4 16 years who were attending school regularly  ( ≥4 days/week )  during the 2019 2020 school year prior to the school closures on 15 March 2020, 98% Of surveyed refugee HHs declared that their children either would return to school once the schools re opened, or if the schools had already re opened, that they had already returned to school, IDP  ( 96% ) , Non displaced  ( 98% ) .
Among  [ households ]  HHs that attempted to access health care in the 3 months prior to data collection, 74% of surveyed refugee HHs had to pay for it, IDP  ( 97% ) , Non displaced  ( 97% ) .
Among surveyed refugee  [ households ]  HHs with problems related to access to or quality of water, top 7 problems were: water is too expensive  ( 42% ) , Insufficient water points/waiting time too long  ( 40% ) , Water points are too far  ( 37% ) , water points are not functioning  ( 31% ) , cannot get enough water to meet all needs  ( 26% ) , water points are difficult to reach  ( not distance )   ( 12% ) , do not enough containers to store the water  ( 11% ) .
Among the 97% of  [ households ]  HHs overall that reported that they needed assistance, % of HHs by top 6 preferred sources of information on assistance: Community clubs/committees  ( 21% ) , Aid workers from the United Nations  ( 20% ) , Community leader  ( 20% ) , friends/family members  ( 20% ) , aid workers from international NGOs  ( 19% )  and mobile phone  ( 15% ) .
61% of  [ households ]  HHs overall have problems related to access to or quality of water: Non displaced  ( 60% ) , IDP  ( 80% ) , Refugee  ( 61% ) . Among the 61% of HHs overall with problems related to access to or quality of water, % of HHs by top 5 problems: Do not like the taste/quality of the water  ( 41% ) , Water is too expensive  ( 32% ) , Cannot get enough water to meet all needs  ( 27% ) , Water points are not functioning  ( 25% ) , Water points are too far  ( 18% ) .
Staple food prices have continued to increase more rapidly than normal in May and reached record highs each month. National retail price of sorghum in May is 191 per cent higher than the previous year, and 477 per cent higher than the 5 year average  ( 2015 2019 ) .
The violence has resulted in the deaths of three aid workers. Since 18 January the violence has subsided, improving security conditions for humanitarian actors. The situation is still volatile however, and some organisations are conducting needs assessments remotely because of security concerns
A prolonged closure of the borders could limit availability of these supplies  [ wheat and flour ]  and interrupt services.
The retail price of groundnut increased in five out of 10 states compared to the previous month. It sharply increased in North Kordofan  ( 19 percent ) , significantly in East Darfur  ( 12 percent ) , South Darfur  ( 9 percent ) , Blue Nile  ( 9 percent )  and West Darfur  ( 6 percent ) .
The retail price of goat increased in 6 out of 10 states compared to April 2019. It sharply increased in South Kordofan  ( 28 percent ) , Blue Nile  ( 21 percent ) , Red Sea  ( 12 percent ) , North Darfur  ( 12 percent )  and north Kordofan  ( 6 percent ) , and slightly in Central Darfur  ( 2.0 percent ) . It decreased in Kassala  ( 6 percent ) , West Darfur  ( 6 percent )  and East Darfur  ( 3 percent ) , while it remained constant in South Darfur. Kassala showed the highest price among all states  ( SDG 3,342/head )  while East Darfur recorded the lowest  ( SDG 1,745/head ) .
This high variation in the national average price of goat compared to previous months/years is mainly attributed to the inflationary increase in the cost of inputs and devaluation of the Sudanese currency, which also increased the demand for the export market
UNICEF's revised 2018 Humanitarian Action for Children  ( HAC )  appeal for Sudan amounted to US$115.14 million with a 44 per cent funding gap at end of the year.
On November 30, the GoS Ministry of Health  ( MoH ) , the UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF ) , and the World Health Organization  ( WHO )  began the first round of a national polio vaccination campaign intended to curb the current outbreak of circulating vaccine derived type 2 poliovirus in the country.
In accordance with the terms of the October 3 Juba Peace Agreement, the SRF member groups agreed to form a military force consisting of 12,000 troops to protect civilians after the expiration of the UNAMID mandate on December 31.
Representatives of the armed opposition group coalition the Sudan Revolutionary Front  ( SRF )  comprising the Justice and Equality Movement, the Minni Minawi faction of the Sudan Liberation Army  ( SLA ) , and the Malik Agar faction of the Sudan People's Liberation Army North  ( SPLA N )  signed a peace agreement with the GoS in Juba on October 3, officially ending years of conflict in specific areas of Blue Nile, South Kordofan State, and Darfur Region, according to international media.  [ specific locations assessed   Darfur Region  ]
In Darfur, in particular there has been a spike in violent incidents. At least 4,000 people  ( 900 families )  have been displaced in violent attacks and burning of houses in Darfur.
Local cereal prices are assumed to continue to increase atypically in April to at least May, marking another 50 100%increase to 2018 and 210–240% increase compared to the five year average. Livestock prices have also risen by around 70 80% compared to 2017
Households across Sudan, including most IDPs, are struggling to meet their basic needs as staple food prices for wheat, millet and sorghum increased by 150 200% in 2018.
WFP is working with partners and authorities in Sudan to provide life saving food and nutrition assistance to the arriving refugees from Ethiopia. Food for hot meals or fortified high energy biscuits are provided at reception centres.
Reaching over 4,200 people in Blue Nile through the provision of soap, hygiene kits and jerricans.
The situation is expected to worsen more and more due to further deterioration in the value of the Sudanese currency in January 2021, which was traded at 288 SDG for 1 US$, on average, in the parallel market compared to 263 in December 2020. The national average local food basket cost has showing steady increase since the beginning of the previous year.
As of November 2018, most IDPs have missed cultivation while access to agricultural labor, collection and sales of forest products remained limited due to the continued insecurity situation.
According to FAO's Food Price and Monitoring Analysis  ( FPMA )  bulletin issued in July 2020, grain prices were inflated by a poor 2019 cereal harvest, weak currency, fuel shortages and high prices of agricultural inputs, which increased production and transportation costs. Additional pressure on grain prices is prevalent due to market and trading disruptions because of COVID 19 containment measures.
According to respondents, there were some disruptions of humanitarian assistance, especially in East Darfur, West Darfur, Kassala, Khartum and Sinnar states, mainly due to COVID 19 movement restrictions, and the closure of the airport and country borders.
17  ( 45% )  sites had referral procedures in place for suspected cases at the time the survey was conducted, while 23  ( 55% )  of locations were in the process of putting in the referral mechanisms or did not have them in place.  ( As per the survey )
In response, relief actors recently opened Tunaydbah as a second camp to host Ethiopian refugees; Tunaydbah can host as many as 20,000 refugees.
At the end of 2017, an interagency assessment led by UNHCR found that 78 percent of South Sudanese refugees resided out of camps, increasing the number of children that fell under UNICEF's child protection responsibility.
A significant reduction of the supply of freshwater fish to the Sudan was observed after the secession of South Sudan. For the most part, traditional fishing techniques and vessels are used in inland fisheries
High livestock prices were driven by high demand during the Eid al Adha festival at the time of the survey, high transportation costs due to COVID 19 movement restrictions and currency depreciation.
In order to support further isolation and social distancing, it may be necessary to decongest IDP locations through the provision of additional shelters or shelter materials.
Other Mitigation Measures: • Formation of Rapid response teams  ( RRTs )  , mobile awareness campaigns and training for leaders. • Lock of local market, mosques and bus stations. • Provision of hand washing facilities and sanitizer during food distribution. • Prevention measures addressed by Governor. • Hygiene awareness campaigns. • Community practice of social distancing. • Observing social distancing at health and nutrition facilities, raising awareness among the community.
The survey identified 19  ( 50% )  of the sites as having protection coverage while the remaining 19  ( 50% )  locations did not have sufficient coverage
These challenges  ( limited access to basic healthcare services )  are compounded by malnutrition, inadequate water and sanitation facilities, logistical challenges resulting from the remoteness of locations or ongoing insecurity, inadequate surveillance/early warning systems to detect cases in remote locations, and poor links to national disease monitoring systems.
The provision of WASH services at institutions such as healthcare facilities and schools remain critical in the fight against COVID 19. It is especially critical to prevent further disease transmission between patients, care providers and family members where risks of contagion are highest.
About 5.3 million people lack access to improved water sources, 6.2 million people lack access to improved sanitation, and 7.5 million people lack access to hygiene services. South, North, West and Central Darfur, North, South and West Kordofan, Red Sea, Kassala and Gedaref, White Nile, and Gezira all have critical and chronic WASH needs.  [ Specific location assessed   Gezina ]
Access to WASH in schools and primary health centers is limited.
Several localities in seven states affected by flooding have been classified one phase higher compared to the June 2020 projection. Five localities  ( Nyala Janoub, Nyala Shimal, Tulus, Kassala and Shendi )  shifted from Minimal Acute Food Insecurity  ( IPC Phase 1 )  to Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 ) . 11 localities  ( Galabat Ash Shargiah, Reifi Aroma, Kebkabiya, Soudari, Gebrat Al Sheikh, Al Meiram, Abu Hujar, Ad Dali El mazmom, Sinja, Mershing and ShargAj Jabal )  shifted from Stressed  ( IPC Phase 2 )  to Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) . A few localities reported a population shift of between 5 10% to Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) .
In Darfur, according to the monitoring and reporting mechanism of grave child rights violations, at least one form of grave violation was reported against 516 children  ( 44 per cent of which are girls ) , with the highest number in Nyala  ( South Darfur ) , Zalingei  ( Central Darfur )  and Tawilla and Elfasher  ( North Darfur ) .
Children with disability who experience complex feeding disorders lack access to services supporting appropriate management of their special needs. They are usually slow to feed and often are given diets they cannot tolerate. Consequently, they frequently suffer from aspiration pneumonia, choking episodes, dehydration, wasting, stunting and general poor nutritional status.There is a lack of appropriate services available to address the special needs of children with disability and feeding problems.
Sudan lacks clinics that can provide a complete health care package. Currently, only 33 per cent of health facilities offer the complete basic healthcare package  ( which includes maternal and reproductive health care services, nutrition services, immunization, infectious diseases, and free medicines ) .
The economic crisis, conflict and natural shocks have had a negative impact on the agricultural season and overall food security. Based on the IPC Acute Food Insecurity analysis for June August 2019, it is estimated that 5.8 million people are experiencing crisis or worse levels of food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 3 and above )  and need timely lifesaving food and livelihoods assistance.
More than a third of the surveyed households had to adopt food based coping mechanisms to maintain minimum food consumption levels, and 12 percent of households employed severe food based coping mechanisms.
The Sudanese government has confirmed that, as at 3 March 2021, 30,500 people had contracted the virus and there had been 1,895 COVID 19 related deaths since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic.
Vaccination coverage is below standard. The Expanded Program of Immunization  ( EPI )  is low, with approximately 60 per cent overall coverage of DPT3 vaccine across Sudan, which is significantly below the targeted minimum average of 80 per cent. This lack of immunization coverage contributes to low immunity and has influenced the re appearance of vaccine preventable diseases such as measles during the first half of 2019. The lowest coverage was recorded across the Darfur states, West Kordofan  ( 48 per cent ) , and Sennar  ( 57 per cent ) .  [ specific location assessed   Darfur States ]
In Central Darfur, road conditions during the rainy season delayed the delivery of humanitarian assistance to 70,000 people in Dukun, Brindisi, Wadi Salih and Mukjar. This poses a challenge accessing food for both rural and urban households, who are highly dependent on markets for sourcing cereals.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  After months of civil protest, President Omar Al Bashir was removed from power on 11 April 2019, and a Transitional Military Council  ( TMC )  was established. Following this, civil protests continued calling for the establishment of a civilian government, a further break from the previous regime and peace. In September, a Transitional Government was formed, with peace and reforming the economy as top priorities
Consultations held within IDP camps in Um Dukhun  ( Central Darfur )  in 2019 revealed that over 90 per cent of the IDPs wished to return to their homes, and that security was their main barrier to doing so. In many parts of Darfur, armed men continued to harass IDP farmers, preventing them from accessing their land during the planting season. There continued to be reports of extortion, violence, sexual abuse and abduction.
high inflation is driving soaring food prices and shortages of cash, fuel, and medicines. In October 2019 high inflation is driving soaring food prices and shortages of cash, fuel, and medicines. In October 2019, the inflation rate reached 58 per cent – up from 40 per cent in October, though a decrease from 73 per cent in December 2018.
Young children, as well as pregnant and lactating women  ( PLW )  are more susceptible to being malnourished as their nutritional requirements are higher. The prevalence of MAM among PLWs is 6.3 per cent, and the prevalence of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  in children under 5 is 14.1 per cent
Physical and mental wellbeing consequences directly affect people's mental health, physical integrity and dignity in the short term. Approximately 7.8 million people are affected by critical issues related to their physical and mental wellbeing.
Women and girls also face a real risk sexual exploitation and abuse as they seek survival for themselves and their families during this pandemic.
[ 2019, Sudan ] Sudan is one of the world's largest protracted humanitarian crises; since 2018, it has been beset by an economic crisis characterised by spiraling inflation, bread, cash and fuel shortages, and a growing number of people faced with failed livelihoods, poverty and resorting to extreme coping mechanisms.
Trapped inside their homes for extended periods due to lockdown measures, the risks of gender based violence increases.
Severe floods in 2020, COVID 19, and the economic crisis have had a negative effect on agricultural production, which has contributed to increased food insecurity in Sudan.
Refugee households are often required to travel far distances of 3 5 km to collect firewood for cooking
The Humanitarian Aid Commission and UN agencies previously identified WASH as a priority need for IDPs in Ag Geneina. Newly displaced people lack access to WASH facilities in the temporary shelters
A COVID   19 Country Preparedness and Response Plan  ( CPRP )  is currently being implemented by UN agencies, NGOs and other partners in support of the Sudanese Government   led response.
WFP UNHAS facilitated needs assessments by taking inter agency teams to the areas affected by floods.
The response has an average of 50 persons per latrine.
Based on emergency tracking, more than 425,000 people are estimated to have been displaced fro al Hudaydah since June, with the majority displaced within Hudaydah  ( 33% )  or to Amanat al Asimah  ( 33% ) , with other significant locations of new displacement being Hajjah, Raymah and Taizz. Together with other humanitarian response partners and in coordination with the Rapid Response Mechanism, Protection Displaced child at Dharawan Settlement, Sana'a. UNHCR/M.Hamoud Cluster partners are working to identify vulnerable and persons with specific needs and follow up with emergency protection assistance and services at humanitarian service and distribution points.
“The world has issued loud and clear appeals for the port to be spared. These calls must be honoured. The lives of tens of thousands of children are at stake.
In December, Voyage 135 between Djibouti and Aden was cancelled as clearance was not received; neither passengers nor cargo werebooked for that voyage. Voyage 136,the last of 2018, occurredwith one passenger on board.
Transfer of cash for rental subsidies completed by UNHCR to 104 families in Sa'adah City and 2,721 families in Bart Al Anan, Kharab Al Marashi, Rajuzah, Al Matammah, and Az Zahir districts of Al Jawf governorate. NFIs distribution completed by ACTED for 1,004 IDP families in Monabbih district  ( Sa'adah )  and 233 IDP families in Al Maslub district of Al Jawf Governorate and UNHCR through YDF  ( Yemen Development Foundation )  assisted 61 displaced families with NFIs and 33 families with EESKs in Sa'adah City.
NFI distribution completed by ADRA for 720 families in Dhamar governorate with stocks donated by DFID. It provided the first emergency response to these families who have recently displaced from Al Hudaydah through the provision of emergency NFIs. NRC assisted 400 families in Suwayr district with NFIs while YRCS  ( Yemen Red Crescent Society )  assisted 73 families in other six districts in Amran governorate. EESKs distribution completed by UNHCR through ADRA and YRCS for 3 families in Amran and Dhamar governorates. Transfer of cash for rental subsidies completed by NRC and UNHCR through YRCS and ADRA to 1,625 families in Amran and Dhamar governorates. The cash grants targeted IDP and HC families to reinforced their coping strategies.
Attacks on civilians have become a deadly trend in Yemen's war. The new media reports of civilian casualties follow recent coalition strikes on a busload of school children that killed 51 people, and over three years of ceaseless violence from both parties to the conflict on homes, markets, hospitals, schools and farms. More than 350,000 Yemeni people have fled violence along Yemen's west coast since the beginning of June, adding to the three million displaced through the course of the war. People forced to flee are not simply numbers, they are individuals forced to leave everything they have behind in an effort to stay alive.
There are certain neighborhoods with a high concentration of the poor, but it is widely agreed that the poor are “found everywhere,' except in certain new high class residential neighborhoods, such as Hadda.
Sa'ada and Al Jawf governorates continue to bear the brunt of airstrikes and fierce ground clashes. In the last week, airstrikes were reported in the districts of Kitaf Wa Al Boqe'e, Razih, Baqim, Al Dhaher, Haydan, Monabbih and Ghamr. Clashes escalated in Baqim district along the border.
WASH partners continued to scale up the response and reached over 10.8 million people through some form of assistance. Support to operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of public water systems, including Rapid Response Teams  ( RRT )  for emergency repairs, provision of fuel, and water treatment, reached an estimated 5.2 million people. WASH partners provided emergency and life saving assistance through scaling up the cholera prevention and response, including deployment of RRT, distribution of Cholera kits and WASH interventions in priority areas.
Since 2000, with the issuance of the Local Authorities Law No. 4, Yemen has been pursuing an ambitious decentralization agenda. This agenda aims to delegate greater fiscal and administrative authority to local governments and to give communities –public leaders, residents, and investors – more control over the economic and social development of their cities and towns.
From 07 August to 26 September, IOM identified an increase of 13,355 displaced households. The largest increases being within Amanat Al Asimah , Al Hudaydah and Taizz Governorate, with:  6,447 HH  ( estimated 38,682 individuals )  in Amanat Al Asimah, displaced to Ma'ain, Old City, Shu'aub, Bani Al Harith, Az'zal, Ath'thaorah, At Tahrir and Assafiyah districts. Households reached Amant Al Asimah by bus using Manakhah road access.  5,040 HH  ( estimated 30,240 individuals )  in Al Hudaydah, displaced to Al Marawi'ah, Zabid, Bayt Al Faqiah, Az Zaydiyah, Al Qanawis, Al Garrahi and Al Mansuriyah district.  794 HH  ( estimated 4,764 individuals )  in Taizz , displaced to Hayfan, Al Misrakh, Al Ma'afer and As Silw district. Table: Hudaydah household and individual level displacements, per governorate. Covering a period between 1 June – 26 September, 2018.
Like the rest of Yemen, there are large gaps in basic infrastructure. However, Aden has a number of infra structure offerings that are attractive to businesses in key clusters, such as an international airport, seaport and container terminal
However, as the second largest city in Yemen, Aden is home to about 10% of the country's poor urban families  ( approximately 16,500 households ) . Compounding the poverty challenge is the fact that urban areas have high income inequality. In Aden, for example, income inequality increased by about 14% between 1998 and 2006.8
Although Yemen's Red Sea ports of Al Hudaydah and Al Saleef remained open for commercial and humanitarian imports as of July 11, any significant, prolonged disruptions to port operations would likely result in Famine IPC 5 levels of acute food insecurity within three to four months, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network  ( FEWS NET )  reports.
In Hodeida Remand Prison, the ICRC completed the construction of a sewage lifting station connecting the detention facility to the public sewer system for the first time since its construction. ◼ In Hodeida Water Sanitation Local Corporation, the ICRC supplied and installed AC stand two unit for GIS in HWSLC building 14 beneficiaries.
U.S. Government  ( USG )  partner the International Organization for Migration  ( IOM )  was providing health worker incentives, medicines, and technical staff to support three health centers in Al Hudaydah Governorate's Bayt Al Faqiah District and operating two mobile teams in Al Hudaydah city as of late June.
In response to increased Al Hudaydah IDP arrivals in Aden, relief actors have scaled up operations from the Aden humanitarian hub. Nearly 5,000 of the approximately 8,000 IDP arrivals to areas served by the Aden hub had received RRM kits as of July 4, the UN reports. Relief actors initiated delivery of 3,000 RRM kits to Ibb and Ta'izz on June 30 to assist an additional 3,000 Al Hudaydah IDPs in those governorates.
As a result of significant rise in the prices of basic food commodities, the national average monthly per capita cost of minimum food basket gone up by 6.5% between July and August  ( increased from 3,972 YER in July to 4,229 YER in August 2018 ) . The cost of the minimum food basket in August was 79% higher than in the pre crisis period.
Due to the intensifica�on of figh�ng in Al Hudyadah governorate, SNC  ( Sub Na�onal Cluster )  Partners are closely monitoring the displacements in the hub to ensure provision of immediate response.
As fighting has continued near Hodeidah, the site of Yemen's most important port, over 35,000 families have been displaced from the governate since 1 June, according to the UN. Still, most people remain unwilling or unable to leave behind their homes and everything they own.
Responding to the United Nations Human Rights Council vote to renew the mandate of the Group of Eminent Experts  ( GEE ) , which has been investigating violations and abuses of international law committed by all sides in Yemen, Amnesty International's Senior Advocate Kevin Whelan said: “Today's vote sends a clear signal to all perpetrators of crimes under international law in Yemen that impunity is not an option. All parties to the conflict – including the Saudi and UAE led coalition, the Yemeni government and the Huthi de facto authorities – must fully cooperate with the UN investigation team and help facilitate their work.
More than five million people are at immediate risk of starvation with the UN estimating that an additional 8 million are at risk in the short to medium term. Lise Grande of the UN this week said: “We predict that we could be looking at 12 to 13 million innocent civilians who are at risk of dying from the lack of food.'
HODEIDAH, 21st August, 2018  ( WAM )     The Emirates Red Crescent, ERC, continued its campaign of distributing sacrificial meat in the liberated areas of Yemen on the occasion of Eid al Adha. The ERC distributed meat to the residents of Ad Durayhimi and Al Munthar in the governorate of Hodeidah.
Indiscriminate Artillery AttacksHouthi Saleh forces have repeatedly fired artillery indiscriminately into Yemeni cities and into southern Saudi Arabia. Human Rights Watch documented attacks by both Houthi Saleh and government aligned forces inside Yemen that have struck populated neighborhoods, killing and wounding civilians. Over three days in May, artillery attacks in Taizz, most of them carried out by Houthi Saleh forces, killed at least 12 civilians, including four children, and wounded 29, including 10 children. The OHCHR called the shelling of Taizz “unrelenting.'
The crisis stems from the conflict between a military alliance led by Saudi Arabia and Yemen's Houthi rebels. It has been made worse by food and trade routes being cut off. An attack on passenger buses in Hudaydah last weekend was just the latest atrocity in an unacceptable pattern of attacks on civilian women, men and children.