nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
In 2019, our Office along with the UN Support Mission in Libya  ( UNSMIL )  has so far documented at least 284 civilian deaths and 363 injuries as a result of the armed conflict in Libya – an increase of more than a quarter over the number of casualties recorded during the same period last year.
According to eye witnesses, two GNA air delivered rockets struck several vehicles near a fuel station in the Sidi Sayah area on 3 July 2019 at about 1 pm, killing five civilians. Mohammed al Sayah, who lives nearby, told Amnesty International that three of his relatives, Wajdi Othman al Sayah, 26, Mosbah, Khalifa al Sayah, 29, and Ayad Mosbah Abu Saif, 51, were killed in the strike, together with a woman and her child, whose names are not known.
The most devastating took place in the evening of 27 July 2019, when five medics and rescuers were killed and eight were injured in a missile strike which struck the porch of the house where the men were sitting. Those who were killed included two doctors, Aws Nusrat and Fathi Belqaid, and three drivers and rescuers, Mu'adh Nusrat, Mohammed Salah, and Ibrahim ben Salah.
As of 7 October, 7,144 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  and disembarked in Libya. In September, 1,120 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Libya.
On 15 May 2018, the conflict in and around Derna escalated sharply, with rapid advances of the frontline, heavy armed group activity and unprecedented levels of shelling. As of 30 May, according to OCHA estimates, roughly 600 1,300 households had been displaced from outlying mahallas into central Derna city.
Where markets and stores were still operating, KIs reported frequent barriers to access. Markets tended to close altogether during times of heavy conflict, and residents often found it difficult to physically reach them, due sometimes to road damage and blockages and sometimes to a lack of transport or petrol to get there.
On 26 August 2018, clashes broke out between rival armed groups in southern Tripoli, particularly in Salaheddin, Ain Zara, Mashroua Al Hadhba, and points south. These clashes quickly escalated and spread throughout Tripoli, with active fighting throughout the southern mahallas and shells falling on wide swaths of the city.
Many detention centres, particularly in Tripoli, continue to be located in or near conflict areas. Some are in militarised zones or near military compounds, increasing the likelihood that they could be hit, killing or severely wounding the refugees and migrants who are trapped within
In round 27, 60% of all IDPs identified in Libya were reported to be residing in privately rented accommodation, while 23% were staying with host families without paying rent, and 6% are taking shelter in schools and other public buildings. Other places for shelter include informal camp settings  ( 3% ) , other shelter arrangements  ( 7% )  such as abandoned buildings  ( 2% ) .
Over the past two months, the cost of the MEB has dropped by 12% in Libya overall and by 20% in west Libya.
Cities in the east of Libya face high fuel price hikes, as the National Oil Company  ( NOC )  cut back on fuel supplies for the region, in an attempt to prevent armed actors using cheap fuel for the conflict in Tripoli.3 Unofficial LPG prices have risen by 20% in Ejdabia, 33% in Al Byada and 66% in Almarj.
Critical gaps in GBV service provision include lack of CMR and case management services in 18 out of the 22 Mantikas. Legal aid services are completely absent across Libya.
The Voluntary Humanitarian Return programme has managed to provide return assistance to over 47,000 vulnerable migrants wishing to leave Libya since 2015. Some 7,200 stranded migrants so far have left this year, of those 27 had been kept in the Tajoura facility just since the July airstrike.
Since 2011, the outbreak of several waves of violence has caused a sizeable number of civilian injuries and fatalities and consequent population displacement. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project  ( ACLED ) , cited in the 2019 HNO, there were 344 outbreaks of conflict and armed clashes in 2018.
Based on available casualty data mentioned above and most recent demographic data available from the Family Health Survey of 201436, the number of households potentially affected by the loss and/or the injury of a family members caused by EO amounts to at least to 14,528 individuals. Furthermore, according to the 2018 MSNA, an estimated 4 per cent of displaced households reported at least one member injured by a UXO37. According to the 2019 HNO, based on assessment and information provided by the Libyan Mine Action Centre  ( LibMAC ) , the communities currently most affected by explosive ordnance are Tripoli, Benghazi, Sirt, Sebha, Barak Al Shati, Jabal Al Gharbi/Gharyan, Derna, Tawergha, and Alkufra
As of 8 September 2019, a total of 48,122 asylum seekers and refugees are registered with UNHCR in Libya. A total of 3,546 individuals have been identified by UNHCR and its partners to be currently in one of the accessible Libyan detention centres.
Since the start of the evacuation operation from Libya in late 2017, a total of 3,926 persons  ( including unaccompanied children )  have been evacuated to Niger  ( 2,913 ) , Italy  ( 710 )  and the ETC in Romania  ( 303 ) . There are currently 1,096 evacuees from Libya remaining in Niger, including 179 evacuated unaccompanied children.
The air traffic will only be resumed by a letter from the Civil Aviation Authority, after consultation with the relevant authorities," the management explained in a statement, denying setting any specific date regarding this matter.
The source added that Haftar's forces were pushed back to Jaafra area in the center of Urban town, while Libyan Army forces destroyed four of their armored vehicles, indicating that seizing control of Urban is crucial as it is a very significant supply line for Haftar's forces toward Tarhouna.
UNHCR reports that, as at July 2019, there were 52,900 registered refugees and asylum seekers living in Libya, primarily from the Syrian Arab Republic  ( 43 per cent ) , the Sudan  ( 21 per cent )  and Eritrea  ( 13 per cent ) . In 2019 alone, UNHCR has registered over 5,300 individuals, including over 2,200 registered in detention centres.
The Municipal Council of Ghat has called on its citizens, especially those living near the valleys, to take caution after the National Meteorological Center predicted that heavy rains are expected to hit the city on Thursday.
During her mission, Clements assessed the growing humanitarian needs facing the country. While clashes continue daily, many people have lost their homes, face reduced access to services and endure increasing power and electricity cuts. Over 268,000 Libyans are now displaced inside the country, including almost 120,000 displaced since clashes restarted in April.
• In Murzuq, clashes escalated on the 4th August forcing most local markets to close. Shortages of key MEB items have been reported, such as bread, rice, pasta, couscous, beans, tuna, tomatoes and vegetable oil. In order to meet their basic needs, households have been relying on food stocks and are forced to purchase key food products on informal markets with significantly higher prices. 5 According to KIs, markets have been closed for almost the entirety of August.
Many vulnerable individuals are detained in these centres including children, particularly unaccompanied or separated families, pregnant and nursing women, survivors of trafficking, torture and rape, persons with specific physical or mental needs, and persons living with disabilities.
There have been reports of civilian homes in conflict affected areas being requisitioned for military purposes by both LNA and GNA forces. These requisitions have reportedly taken the form of forced eviction by military forces and the occupation of homes of civilians who had previously displaced. Residential areas in Tripoli, south Libya, and Derna have repeatedly been hit by air strikes, often resulting in significant destruction of civilian objects and objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population.
Intensifying clashes in the southern Libyan town of Murzuq involving air and drone strikes in recent days have left at least 90 people dead and displaced thousands of “terrified' civilians, the UN said on Tuesday.
Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 27 June, the security situation in conflict affected areas in south Tripoli reportedly remained volatile. DTM identified an additional 3,010 displaced families  ( approximately 15,050 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons to at least 23,985 families  ( approximately 119,925 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019.
In June, WFP reached some 68,990 people in need through its general food assistance  ( GFA )  in Libya.
This latest incident is one of dozens of confirmed attacks on health care in Libya in 2019. So far in 2019, WHO's Surveillance System of Attacks on Healthcare has registered a total of 37 attacks on health facilities, 11 health workers killed, and 33 health workers and patients injured in the country. Although WHO has repeatedly condemned these incidents, they continue unabated. These attacks are a grave violation of international humanitarian law.
Civil war in Libya in 2011 toppled and later killed longtime dictator Moammar Gadhafi, and the chaos that followed resulted in a divided country, with the U.N. aligned administration in Tripoli overseeing the country's west and a rival government in the east aligned with Hifter. Each is backed by an array of militias and armed groups fighting over resources and territory.
The company contracted to perform maintenance of the Man Made River Project  ( MMRP )  has evacuated its staff due to the security situation. As a result, the total water distribution for Tripoli has been reduced from 520,000 cubic meters per day prior to the start of the conflict to 330,000 cubic meters at present. Water distribution for the county as a whole has reduced by one quarter from 1,200,000 to 800,000 cubic meters per day.
According to the Service and Availability Readiness Assessment  ( SARA )  of the public health facilities in Libya, 19 baladiyas/100  ( districts )  report less than 20% health facilities functioning. 94 baladiyas claim that there is no regular access to medicines. Service readiness index score for the Primary Health care public services is 36.8%. 20.1% of the Public Health Centres and 17.5% of public hospitals have been closed  ( damaged or not accessible ) .
Ongoing shelling as well as newly planted explosive devices on key roads are preventing the Red Crescent and frontline aid workers from accessing families trapped amidst the fighting. Shifting frontlines, armed checkpoints, and various militias holding different neighborhoods will continue to pose challenges to humanitarian responders seeking to secure unobstructed, safe, and consistent aid delivery routes.
For the approximately 50,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers currently living elsewhere in Libya, as well as for the estimated 800,000 migrants, more help is required so that living conditions are improved, human rights are better protected, and fewer people end up being driven into the hands of smugglers and human traffickers.
Since the onset of armed conflict in the southern areas of Tripoli on 04 April 2019, a significant number of people have been affected by the conflict. As per the most recent flash update published by IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix, at least 20,975 families  ( approximately 104,875 individuals )  were identified as Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) . Furthermore, the conflict also affected migrants held in the detention centers as well as those in urban locations.
While refugee and migrant arrivals at Italy's shores increased drastically in 2018, arrivals to Spain from Morocco saw a new increase, with 58,569 refugees and migrants arriving in Spain from Morocco in 2018, making Spain the first port of entry for refugees and migrants in the Mediterranean region that year.70 The countries of origin of arrivals from Morocco in Spain in 2018 mirror arrivals in Italy in 2017, which had previously arrived from Libya.71 In this context, the question has arisen to which extent a re routing is occurring of mixed migration flows from Libya to Morocco, and whether this re routing occurs once in Libya or already further south in origin countries.
Some reports indicate guards at the facility fired on migrants who attempted to flee the airstrikes. Approximately 300 migrants were still being held in the facility days after the attack, while evacuation efforts of the facility are on going. With over 3,000 migrants held at such detention facilities in and around Tripoli, the frequent airstrikes on Tripoli as part of the LNA's offensive to gain control of the city raises serious safety concerns.
Since the onset of armed conflict in the southern areas of Tripoli on 04 April 2019, a significant number of people have been affected by the conflict. As per the most recent flash update published by IOM Libya's Displacement Tracking Matrix, at least 20,975 families  ( approximately 104,875 individuals )  were identified as Internally Displaced Persons  ( IDPs ) . Furthermore, the conflict has also affected migrants and refugees held in the detention centers as well as those in urban locations.
As of 4 July, 3,686 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard  ( LCG )  in 2019. In June alone 1,336 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the LCG. They were mainly from Sudan  ( 51 percent ) , Mali  ( 8 percent ) , Côte d'Ivoire  ( 5 percent ) , Nigeria  ( 4 percent ) , and Somalia  ( 3 percent ) .
The UN's mission in Libya has said around 3,500 migrants and refugees held in detention centres near the combat zone are at risk.
Since the onset of the crisis in Tripoli, UNHCR has evacuated 309 refugees to the ETM in Niger and Italy. Since November 2017, UNHCR has evacuated 3,612 refugees and asylum seekers to Niger  ( 2,782 individuals ) , the Emergency Transit Centre in Romania  ( 269 individuals )  and Italy  ( 561 individuals ) .
The use of explosive weapons – including artillery shelling and aerial bombardment – in populated areas continues to cause civilian casualties. At least six people were killed and five people were injured in an apparent airstrike in Qasr Bin Ghashir on 14 May. 126 civilian casualties, including 29 fatalities, have now been confirmed since the beginning of clashes.
As of 20 June, 3,018 refugees and migrants were rescued/intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard during 38 operations in 2019. UNHCR noted an increase concerning disembarkation events since May 2019 when compared with data collected in previous months. So far in June, 668 refugees and migrants were disembarked at the Tripoli Naval Base  ( 293 individuals ) , Al Khums  ( 216 individuals )  and Azzawya  ( 159 individuals ) . On 19 June, 40 refugees and migrants were disembarked in Azzawya.
Libya has suffered from a chronic power shortage since the conflict in 2011, when severe damage was inflicted on several power plants.6 As a consequence, domestic demand routinely exceeds available supply and the state owned General Electricity Company of Libya  ( GECOL )  is thus forced to impose rotational load shedding  ( rolling blackouts )  to prevent the electricity grid from collapsing
Since 1 September 2017, 2,139 individuals have been submitted for resettlement to 11 resettlement States  ( Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States ) . A total of 1,336 individuals have departed on resettlement from Niger to Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
A total of 446 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Niger to Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 201 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement country in Niger.
Since the last update of the IOM Libya Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  on 23 May, displacement from conflict affected areas in south Tripoli has continued. DTM identified an additional 1,640 displaced families  ( approximately 8,200 individuals )  since the previous report, bringing the total number of internally displaced persons to at least 18,100 families  ( approximately 90,500 individuals )  who have been forced to leave their homes due to armed conflict since the start of hostilities on 04 April 2019
Since the beginning of the offensive in Tripoli, 4 health workers have been killed, 4 have been injured, 12 ambulances have been impacted and 2 health facilities were evacuated as a result of armed clashes, shelling and airstrikes. These incidents further hamper the ability of already overstretched health services to provide vital assistance to civilians, including those inured as a result of armed conflict.
On the night of April 16, shelling hit areas of the Abu Salim neighborhood, where a detention center is located, and on April 19, two children were killed when a rocket hit the Qasr bin Gashir neighborhood, where another detention center is located. Several other detention centers are dangerously close to the front lines. All people in these centers are at imminent risk, as they have no means of seeking safety on their own.
Furthermore, the fighting in Tripoli has forced approximately 62,700 people to flee from their homes in Tripoli and as at 10 May, 29 collective centres, of which 15 are schools, have been established by the Tripoli crisis committee to host Internally Displaced Persons fleeing violence and conflict
The organization said that the casualty count included women, children and medical personnel. It also noted that around 20 thousand people have been displaced so far by the ongoing fighting.
The military operation to capture the Libyan capital of Tripoli by the Libyan National Army  ( LNA )  is rapidly escalating, with a potential for catastrophic consequences for civilians. As a result, the physical safety of civilians is increasingly threatened by indiscriminate attacks as fighting remains active in Abu Salim, Gharat, Suq Al Jumaa and Hadbaa, and spills into different neighbourhoods of the city including Ain Zara, Khala, Azizya, Wadi Rabiya'a and Qasr Bin Ghashir
Frontline and referral hospitals inside and outside of Tripoli are receiving daily casualties and this has been placing considerable strain on available medical resources. 50 civilian casualties have been verified to date  ( this figure includes only those cases that could be individually verified, it should be considered a minimum ) .
On 4 April, the self proclaimed Libyan National Army, under General Khalifa Haftar's command, launched an offensive to take control of Tripoli. Since then fighting has intensified between his forces and militias aligned with Libya's internationally recognized Government of National Accord.
The main route reported by migrants departing Ghana was through Burkina Faso and Niger  ( 77% of surveyed migrants departing Ghana ) . 8% reported travelling through Nigeria and Niger to reach Libya and 5% reported transiting through Burkina Faso, Mali and Algeria successively. Another 5% reported travelling through Togo, Benin and then Niger before entering Libya. The remaining 5% disclosed other routes.
Out of the total number of African migrants identified, 29%  ( 193,183 individuals )  originate from North African countries. 53% of them were Egyptian and 40% Sudanese. Tunisian nationals represent 4% of the north African migrants identified and Moroccan nationals were recorded at 3%. The remaining 1% were identified to be Algerian nationals.
Displacement numbers continue to steadily increase. As per DTM, since the onset of armed conflict on 05 April 2019, over 13,500 individuals have been displaced. This includes the recent displacement of some 4,000 individuals within the last 24 hours. Most displaced households are currently staying with family and acquaintances or in private accommodation. Key reception areas are Tripoli, Tajoura, Swani, and Janzour, amidst other locations. The number of IDPs identified in collective shelters in Tripoli and surrounding areas has increased to over 900 individuals, and local authorities are setting up additional shelters to receive displaced families
The humanitarian community remains severely concerned for the safety and security of civilians stuck in conflict affected areas in the outskirts of Tripoli. Requests for evacuations to safer areas in Tripoli were received from some 3,800 individuals, of whom only some 550 people could be evacuated to date. This means that roughly 8 out of 10 requests for evacuations cannot be completed. This is due to ongoing conflict, and the indiscriminate and possibly deliberate targeting of first responders.
Most displaced households are currently staying with family and in private accommodation in Tripoli, Tajoura, Swani, Janzour, Msallata, Garabolli, Al Khums, Zintan, Yefren, Al Zahra, Al Maya, Gheryan, Bani Waleed and Tarhuna
Since 1 September 2017, a total of 4,278 individuals have been submitted for resettlement from Libya and Niger to 12 resettlement States. A total of 2,007 individuals have departed on resettlement from Libya and Niger. A total of 498 individuals have been accepted for resettlement and are pending departure from Libya and Niger. A total of 1,382 individuals have been submitted for resettlement and are pending interview or decision by a resettlement State in Libya or Niger.
Human Rights Watch visited the Libyan town of Tawergha, where only a handful of the 48,000 former residents forcibly displaced for seven years have returned to their homes.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  About 2.7 million children suffer from wasting annually, with approximately 522,000 currently suffering from severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM ) . Around 2.1 million children suffer from moderate acute malnutrition  ( MAM ) .
Humanitarian operations have been significantly constrained mainly due to insecurity related to the political instability as well as the impact of the flooding on the critical infrastructure and the period of the Eid holidays.
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  199,103 of Food or Cash For Work/Asset beneficiaries
Communities typically have low immunization coverage due to service gaps in CAR.
Substantial gaps in shelter and NFI distribution persists across out of camp settlements, in particular dispersed self settlements in South and West Kordofan States.
[ 2019, Sudan ] Approximately 60 per cent of newly arrived asylum seekers in eastern Sudan migrate onward within two months of arrival
Flood mitigation intervention in West Kordofan by Humanitarian organizations: Damage assessment by FAO  [ Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ]
Recommendations: Promote investments in agricultural assets and farm machinery allowing smallholders to use alternative collaterals, including parts of forward contracts, to access simplified credit lines provided by financial institutions.
Recommendations: Closely monitor the food security situation, as high inflation rates are expected to result in high cost of production of agricultural products and high food prices.
UNHCR has introduced solar systems to replace diesel generators in water pumps, schools and health centers in White Nile, East Darfur and East Sudan.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Refugees living in Sudan remain largely dependent on humanitarian assistance and have limited access to livelihood opportunities.
There are some 1,160 school aged refugee children living in Um Shalaya camp in need of education assistance of some kind. Over 60 per cent are out of school.
Lack of school supplies, furniture and textbooks also affect the quality of the education.
An organized returns process for Chadian refugees in Central Darfur began in 2018 under the Tripartite Agreement on Voluntary Repatriation between Sudan, Chad, and UNHCR, with 6,030 Chadian refugees returned to Chad until March 2019.
According to S3M  [ Simple, Spatial, Survey Method ]  data for Dimsu locality from July 2019, GAM is 20 per cent and SAM 3.8 per cent, well above the WHO emergency threshold  ( >15% GAM and >2% SAM ) , and indicate ‘critical' malnutrition requiring immediate nutrition and health interventions.
The majority of refugee camps are located in areas of Kassala and Gedaref with IPC Level 2  ( stressed )  or 3  ( crisis )  acute food insecurity.
Approximately 56 – 70 per cent of refugees living in camps are reportedly engaged in risky or harmful coping strategies  ( including alcohol production, child labour, sex work and others )  to mitigate household food insecurity.
East Sudan hosts one of the most protracted refugee situations in the world, with the first influx of Eritrean refugees arriving over 50 years ago. Over 40 per cent of refugees in East Sudan have been in asylum for more than 20 years, and approximately 50 per cent of refugees living in the camps were born there.
Refugee community schools are over capacity and lack facility maintenance, teaching and curriculum support.
SENS  ( Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey )  conducted in White Nile and South Kordofan indicate ‘critical' rates  ( >15 per cent )  of Global Acute Malnutrition  ( GAM )  and Severe Acute Malnutrition  ( SAM )   ( >3 per cent )  among children 6 to 59 months of age. Food insecurity remains a key driver of poor nutrition status across the camps,
Overall some 43,000 South Sudanese refugees are reported to have spontaneously returned to South Sudan from Sudan since November 2017; however, tracking returns in Sudan remains challenging
Refugees in Sudan are living in camps, rural out of camp settlements and urban areas in 104 localities across 18 States. About 70 per cent live outside of camps in more than 100 settlements across the country, including large collective self settlements where thousands of refugees live in “camp like' areas adjacent to reception centres, as well as smaller dispersed self settlements where refugees live in a more integrated manner with host communities.
In East Sudan, there are more than 130,000 Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees and asylum seekers, living in camps and urban areas across Gezira, Gedaref, Kassala, Red Sea and Sennar states.
UNDP initiatives underway include  [ Human Security ] : Installation of 70 solar powered streetlights across Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah, Hamdayet, and nearby Doka Village.  [ Specifies assessed location: Um Rakuba, Tunaydbah, Hamdayet, Doka Village ]
Sector Needs  [ Water, sanitation and hygiene ] : 8 million people lack access to safe water
The results of the Food Security Monitoring System  ( a biannual assessment carried out to track food security trends among IDPs and refugees in Sudan ) , with data collected in July 2019 during the lean season, indicated that food insecurity for IDPs and refugees remained high with 53 percent of the households being food insecure
[ Sudan, September 2019 ]  198,654 of individuals provided with nutrition, energy and water sensitive agricultural and livestock, natural resource management based livelihoods inputs, kits and capacity building
There are reports of children being detained, recruited to fight and being exposed to sexual abuse in relation to the events of 3 June.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  While several needs assessments were facilitated by the Government, the continued presence of security personnel impacts the independence of assessments and gathering information on protection threats and GBV.
Continued seasonal rainfall is likely to lead to oversaturation of the soil and, consequently, flooding in new areas
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Education needs continue to increase, particularly in the Jebel Marra area of Central/South Darfur, in North Darfur, and in West Darfur.  [ Specified assessed location: Jebel Marra area of Central/South Darfur ]
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In 2019, the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse  ( PSEA )  network also conducted a mapping to assess partners' efforts against six core areas of policy, coordination, prevention, advocacy, complaints, and investigation. The findings showed that 94 per cent of the respondents have PSEA policies in place, while 86 per cent have accountability frameworks in place.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  Contribute to the reduction in morbidity and mortality with increased access to quality health care interventions through primary health care interventions, health system strengthening and community case management approaches.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  People living in Abyei are impacted by the presence of armed elements, intercommunal tensions, and long term and sudden displacement.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  The response also focuses on livelihoods programming to support self reliance, such as vocational training opportunities, CBT, micro financing and livelihood asset protection, especially in urban areas like Khartoum.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  In eastern Sudan, there has been a slower rate of new arrivals from Eritrea, with 570 people arriving on average per month in 2019, down from over 800 per month in 2017. They are hosted in some of the poorest areas of Kassala and Gedaref states, face high levels of poverty, and many continue to rely on timely humanitarian assistance.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  According to available information on reported GBV cases in Sudan, women and girls account for over 90 per cent of survivors, and although grossly under reported, cases of sexual violence against men and boys do occur.
[ Sudan, February 2020 ]  More importantly, the causes of the conflict particularly in Darfur remain unresolved. Long standing grievances between communities continue to give rise to clashes which are aggravated by the involvement of heavily armed tribal militias and the proliferation of small arms and light weapons.  [ Specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ] There were small pockets of new displacement in the Jebel Marra area in 2018, and a large protracted caseload in Darfur, South Kordofan and Blue Nile.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The improvement in the security situation in Darfur has resulted in the downsizing of the United Nations – African Union Mission in Darfur  ( UNAMID ) . This has impacted on UNAMID's monitoring and reporting capacity thus increasing the role of the UNCT/HCT and the protection sector to to conduct monitoring and assessments of the protection situation in areas where UNAMID has withdrawn from.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Establish veterinary services and revitalize the community based animal health workers network for pastoralist nomadic populations by adopting a “follow on approach' throughout migration and increase access to appropriate animal drugs and vaccines at village level for sedentary populations.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Response Plan Key Activities: Reduce the risk of malnutrition in children under age 5 and pregnant and lactating women through treatment of severe and moderate acute malnutrition.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  To ensure that improved WASH services benefit the most vulnerable, partners work in close collaboration with other sectors to conduct assessments, inform targeting and provide services.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  Over the past three years, there has been a reduction in new displacement and increase in returns due to the improvement in the security situation and the disarmament campaign in Darfur.  [ specified assessed location: Darfur ]
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The national prevalence rate of global acute malnutrition  ( GAM )  is 16.5 per cent, which places Sudan above the emergency threshold of 15 per cent, according to the WHO criteria.
[ 2019, Sudan ]  The sector strategy follows multi dimensional and protection mainstreaming approaches to tackle all aspects of food insecurity, including physical and economic access; availability and utilization of food; and the stability of food systems through complementary emergency life saving and resilience building; and food, agricultural and livelihood interventions.
WFP November Market Monitor shows that the average cost of local food basket reached SDG 119 in November, coupled with the record inflation rate during the previous two months, 229.9 and 212.3 percent in October and September, respectively. The high food prices continues to erode the purchasing power of the population.
By the end of August, there were over 13,180 confirmed COVID 19 cases in Sudan, including 823 fatalities and 6,612 recoveries
A State of Emergency was declared in Kassala State from 26 to 28 August, restricting all movements, including of humanitarian workers.
Available information suggests that children living in inaccessible areas or with limited access by humanitarian partners are believed to be in extreme need  ( severity level 4 ) , particularly in Jebel Marra, and parts of South Kordofan  ( Nuba mountains, Al Buram, Heiban and Umm Durein localities ) .
The findings of the assessment show that most refugees are having access to mobile phones and on a more frequent basis, however with only few have access to internet services. In addition, less than half of the respondents had access to radio and TV on a daily basis
Refugees from CAR  [ Central African Refugees ]  have sought refuge in the urban settings of Nyala, South Darfur, since 2014. Renewed intercommunal violence in areas of Birao locality in north eastern CAR have been ongoing since September 2019, and led to nearly 13,400 refugees from CAR fleeing to safety in South and Central Darfur States in West Sudan between September and December 2019. Overall, the total new arrivals to both States in 2019 were nearly 17,000 individuals, in January 2020, more than 3,300 new refugees from CAR arrived in South Darfur. The total CAR refugee population now stands at more than 29,000 persons
The unprecedented storms and flooding have especially affected Khartoum, North Darfur and Sennar States
West Darfur experienced outbreaks of malaria and chikungunya in October 2020 and a lack of mosquito nets in shelters presents risks of further outbreaks
[ Recommendation For Action ]  Urgent actions are required to save the lives and livelihoods of populations estimated in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 ) , as well as protect the livelihoods and reduce food consumption gaps for populations estimated in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 ) .
Mobile network is available across 86 per cent of the locality, but 14 per cent of the locations have no access to a radio.
Additionally, the COVID 19 pandemic overburdened the already weak public health system
The economy of the Sudan is highly dependent on agriculture, which occupies an estimated 39 percent of its labour force  ( International Labour Organization  [ ILO ]  estimates for 2020 )  and accounts for about 30 percent of its GDP  ( World Bank )
refugees in camps have better access to health services, 70 per cent of refugees are living out of camps and do not have consistent access to primary health care.
Of Sudan's 2.5 million IDPs, an estimated 765,000 live in areas with a severe lack of health services and need lifesaving and life sustaining support, with Darfur states having the highest burden.
The cost of sorghum was also found to be much higher in November 2018 compared to November 2017, with the rate of increase ranging from 110 percent in West Kordofan to 255 percent in Blue Nile.
UNHCR manages the NFI Core Pipeline on behalf of the sector. It procures and stores NFIs in strategically located warehouses in Darfur, Khartoum and Kassala, which serve as hubs for further distribution.
The majority of the asylum seekers are living among the Sudanese host community who continue to welcome people seeking safety. UNHCR and partners are ramping up the response to support the government in its response
The transportation sector, including transportation of goods, is likely to be reduced.
On 4 September, an additional 100 tons of emergency shelter and non food supplies, including plastic sheeting, blankets, and other items provided by international partners arrived in Khartoum. The material will fill gaps in the response, mainly in Darfur region.
Medical equipment, including labor beds, normal delivery and cesarean equipment is needed to support the referral facilities in El Geneina.
Reported typhoid cases until week 34 reached 113,551 cases.
Gorlangbang is a mountainous village and is one of the largest in the Jebel Marra area with a population of approximately 125,000 people, including Internally Displaced  ( IDPs ) . Due to conflict in the area, many who were displaced fled to seek safety in this area which had been inaccessible to humanitarians for over ten years until June 2020 where UNICEF and its partners were able to access and assess the situation to further support the community.
When asked if they have been targeted or witnessed any such negative attitude themselves, 86% of the women assessed said they haven't, while 14% said they have been targeted.
Increase support to community leaders so that they are able to carry out effective RCCE initiatives through home visits while observing the necessary precautionary measures.
United Nations Population Fund  ( UNFPA )  with its partners distributed 500 dignity kits to vulnerable women and girls of reproductive age in Elfaroug and nearby gathering points. In addition, women and girls are also informed about Gender Based Violence  ( GBV ) , the referral system and components of dignity kits
18,538 metric tons of food assistance distributed
The impact of COVID 19 differs for women, men, boys and girls. Women provide most of the care within families and in some areas they are the main breadwinners.
In addition, 1,200,000 pieces of soap were provided for inclusion in the 300,000 family food and hygiene baskets to supporting vulnerable households, including South Sudanese refugees in Khartoum “Open Areas'.
To facilitate the response in Geneina town, humanitarian actors clustered the 72 gathering points into 15 clusters and mapped out the current capacity of partners in covering the clusters.
Many girls in Gorlangbang remain out of school due to early child marriage.
Despite favourable rainfall in 2018 which would have led to an above average harvest in 2018/2019 under normal circumstances, 5.76 million Sudanese people  ( 13% of the population ) , including most IDPs, are currently facing Crisis  ( IPC 3 )  or worse food insecurity levels
11,840 people affected, 759 houses destroyed, 1,609 houses damaged.
In Hamdayet, UNHCR, SRCS and Sudan Vision conduct awareness sessions on COVID 19 and distribute informative leaflets.
Recommendations: Closely monitor the current season, with follow up activities after this assessment, including the annual surveys for validating the figures  ( crop cutting surveys ) .
Shelters in Reif Ashargi are mostly constructed from rakooba grass  ( 46% ) , however almost 45 per cent of the remaining locations have shelters constructed with either brick or clay.
WFP Sudan implements a post harvesting loss  ( PHL )  project during the harvest season to mitigate harvest losses among smallholder farmers, improve household food security and increase income.
Asked about what they would do if someone in the family presents with COVID 19 symptoms, 40% of the respondents replied that they would call a health worker, 33% that they would avoid contact with the infected person and 20% that they would call the hotline  ( 221 and 9090 ) .
Most refugees  [ and asylum seekers ]  live in out of camp settlements, host communities and urban areas
UNHCR leads the East Sudan Mixed Movement Working Group which supports the implementation of national counter trafficking activities and supports the State Committee on Counter trafficking  ( CCT )  in Kassala.
Sudan hosts around 1.2 million refugees, including 850,000 refugees from South Sudan and 120,000 refugees from Eritrea.
( 28 March 2019 ) 69 percent of households were classified as food insecure, which represents a 3 percent increase from the same time last year.
The total inter agency funding required for Sudan under the revised 2018 regional refugee response plan  ( RRRP )  was USD 294.8 M, and 26%  ( USD 77.1 M )  has been funded.
The main causes of disease outbreaks in Sudan are poor access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities, and low vaccination coverage.
To date, IMSMA has registered 2,151 victims of landmines or ERW victims, including 1,532 peopl who have been injured and 619 fatalities.
Medical facilities across the country are not functional due to lack of essential drugs.
Across Darfur states, 14 per cent to 21 per cent of health facilities provided CMR services. This is further exacerbated by the shortage of trained personnel and weak referral systems.
Ongoing DTM  [ Displacement Tracking Matrix ]  registrations continued in Kadugli locality during this reporting period – 2,085 individuals  ( 654 households )  were registered in April, 660 individuals  ( 217 households )  in May, and 441 individuals  ( 139 households )  in June
Over the years, refugees also arrived from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Syria, the Central African Republic and other countries. Sudan continued to uphold its open border policy in 2020 and by the end of the year received about 50,000 refugees from Ethiopia's Tigray region. More new influxes were reported into Blue Nile and White Nile states
The highest concentration of IDPs across Sudan is in Central, South and North Darfur, and areas of South Kordofan, and Geneina  ( West Darfur ) .
The fighting between the two factions of SLA AW  [ Sudan Liberation Army  Abdulwahid ]  has been causing dire humanitarian consequences. There is a need to work with the humanitarian sector as well as the regional and international organisations such as the African Union and the Security Council to put pressure on both parties, so they abide by international humanitarian law and to stop attacks on civilians.
Local conflict resolution mechanisms need to be reinforced and to be part of any future peacebuilding project development and implementation. Working closely with these mechanisms and engaging the relevant government departments and other stakeholders could play a key role in addressing the root causes of the conflict.
The social norm of nafeer is central to the Sudanese social life. Nafeer is communal collective action that brings people together to support household activities for a public good. In this farming season, the community members of Guldo villages organised a nafeer to support the farmers of Sonosono damrah with their cultivation operations. This kind of cooperation and solidarity between the two communities shows how nafeer activities could be connectors between different communities.
There are Forest National Corporation  ( FNC ) , agriculture and livestock administrations in Golo. These institutions are mandated with the technical support and extension services to farmers and pastoralists. The services they provide include forest conservation, improved seeds distribution and livestock vaccination. Their role in improving the rural economy of this population is crucial for peacebuilding.
This incident worsened the relationship between Golo villages, and the nomads settled in damrahs. The relationship was further disrupted by the murder of five pastoralists in a clash with armed robbers who the pastoralists believe are SLA AW  [ Sudan Liberation Army  Abdulwahid ]  elements.
Intercommunal conflicts in Golo have a very negative impact on the lives and livelihoods of different segments of the villages and damrahs' communities. The major consequence highlighted by all communities is the killing of community members. Killing incidences significantly worsen the relationship between the damrahs and villages and perpetuate grievances and resentment.
There are different development and humanitarian actors working in Golo. During the analysis workshop, the participants counted eighteen actors within this sector. This includes DRC  [ Danish Refugee Council ]  and many other NGOs as well as the World Food Programme  ( WFP )  and UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF ) .
Currently, community members of Golo damrahs cannot go to Golo town and the surrounding villages or access Golo market. Moreover, farmers from Golo villages cannot access lands in the fringes of the damrahs north to Golo.
Production of sesame in 2020/21 is estimated at 1.13 million tonnes, 6 percent lower than in 2019, but 49 percent higher than the five year average. The year on year decrease is mainly due to floods and Sesame Gall Midge that affected crops especially in Gedaref, Kassala, Sennar and White Nile states.
Heavy rains triggered widespread floods in 17 out of 18 states, affecting 3.5 million feddans  ( 1.47 million hectares )  of crops. However, the negative impact of floods was mitigated by the unusual continuation of the rainy season until October, which allowed the full maturation of sorghum crops that were late planted in August instead of replanting sesame crops that were affected by floods and Sesame Gall Midge.
The rainy season in 2020 was characterized by exceptionally abundant precipitation and by the longest duration of the last ten years. According to remote sensing data, cumulative rainfall amount between June and October 2020  ( Figure 2 )  was estimated well above the Long Term Average  ( LTA )  in all cropping areas across of the country. Rainfall volumes in 2020 were between 12 and 50 percent higher than those in 2019, except in Kassala State, where they were slightly lower, but still well above average.
There are wide disparities in access to and use of WASH services between states, especially people living in urban or rural areas. There are also reports of limited WASH partners in Khartoum “open areas', Aj Jazirah and River Nile, where needs are high.
Many of these children  [ refugee children in Darfaur and Kordofan states ]  have endured protracted conflict and continue to be exposed to ongoing clashes.
Access to new areas also increases the risk for humanitarians assisting people in these areas. ERW  [ Explosive Remnants of War ]  and landmines will still be a major access issue hampering the delivery of aid and assistance in 2021.
Several long lasting conflicts have led to contamination with anti personnel and antitank mines as well as explosive remnants of war  ( ERW ) . Mine contamination remains one of the key concerns with an estimated 2.7 million men, women and children affected in Sudan.
Boys and girls recruited by armed groups are subject to detention, separation from their families, and experience acute psychosocial distress. They also face challenges with reintegration into their communities, and barriers in access to education and other services.
The severity of protection needs are very critical in 62 localities in 13 of the 19 states in Sudan, especially in North Darfur where 15 out of 17 localities fell into the extreme and catastrophic severity ranking, followed by South Darfur  ( 9 localities ) , South Kordofan  ( 7 localities ) , Central Darfur  ( 5 localities )  and West Darfur  ( 5 localities ) .
WHO's health workforce requirements for universal health coverage is 4.45 health workers per one thousand people. Sudan has 0.81.
The key factors that will affect future needs are the continued spread of COVID 19 coupled with the economic decline, natural shocks and civil unrest.
In 2020, the education of 9.6 million children was affected by COVID 19 when all schools were closed in March and the scheduled reopening of schools in September was postponed to 2021.
Levels of food imports are expected to remain below average as a result of the growing shortage of foreign exchange and COVID 19 measures.
This  [ the risk of disease outbreaks ]  is compounded by the impact of COVID 19 on the health system, which has weakened the response capacity. The surveillance system  which covers less than 40 per cent of health facilities   has been spread thin to cope with reporting on COVID 19 suspected cases.