nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
The bizarre strategy of harvesting well below 3% returns on a $7bn sovereign loan, which is not time bound, is starkly amplified by CBN's willingness, to conversely pay interest rates between 12 17% for those funds it borrows primarily, from the same banks!
Humanitarian actors remain unable to access Kala Balge and Kukawa LGAs  ( in addition to Abadam, Guzamala and Marte LGAs, which were already inaccessible throughout most of 2018 ) , resulting in an increased number of people beyond the reach of humanitarian actors.
In northeastern Nigeria in particular, the public health system is extremely poor. In Borno State, 50 percent of health facilities are non functioning, with 39 percent fully destroyed
Within the period of 25 February   03 March 2019, a total of 1,611 movements were recorded, including 1,514 arrivals and 97 departures. Arrivals were recorded at loca�ons in Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Dikwa, Gwoza, Jere, Konduga, Maiduguri, Mobbar and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of Borno state and loca�ons in Demsa, Fufore, Maiha and Numan LGAs of Adamawa state. Departures were recorded at Askira/Uba LGA and Chibok of Borno state and Demsa, Maiha and Numan LGAs of Adamawa state.
In the Middle Belt region, intensified clashes between cattle herders and local farmers have caused the displacement and killing of hundreds of thousands of people. Tensions persist around the Biafra area. As of November 2018, Nigeria is hosting more than 30,000 refugees from anglophone Cameroon.
Widespread violence between farmers and pastoralists had forced many of the communities in Benue to flee to safer locations.
In 2013, Non State Armed Groups initiated operations in Cameroon in order to establish supply lines, equipping their fighters with arms from Cameroonian towns, and as a safe haven for retreat after a Nigerian state of emergency offensive earlier that year.
Since the conflict between Nigerian security forces and armed opposition groups  ( AOGs )  escalated in 2013, more than two million individuals have been displaced.1 Most were displaced within Borno State, particularly to urban centres in accessible Local Government Areas  ( LGAs ) .2 The humanitarian response is challenged by information gaps including, but not limited to, a lack of clarity on the security environment in inaccessible areas outside of urban centres, clarity on the availabliltiy of services and persons' access to services and the varying vulnerabilites of beneficiaries.
Children suffering from severe acute malnutrition like Aminu are nine times more likely to die from related complications than healthy children are. He is one of the estimated 450 000 children who are malnourished in North eastern region of Nigeria and requiring varying degrees of therapeutic interventions.
The urgency of tackling decongestion in camps is increasing as the rainy season approaches. While some progress has been made on the allocation of land in Monguno, there is an urgent need for additional land in other locations, including Maiduguri.
Across the border, in Nigeria, IS backed Boko Haram attacked a military base in Kareto on June 14 . The attack forced the withdrawal of military forces from the base and resulted in one military fatality. The insurgents seized weapons and vehicles from the base. Violence also erupted in the Shiroro area of Niger state, as 62 civilians were killed by an unidentified armed group during attacks on eight villages in the region.
The LGAs that showed the largest decreases in number of IDPs during Round 26 as compared to Round 25 accounted for a decrement of 137,769 IDPs identified  ( 60% ) .
The incident which left 20 people injured was blamed on the Islamic State West Africa Province  ( ISWAP )  militant group, which last week attacked a military base in the town
Monguno, one of the largest towns in conflict ridden Borno, is bordered by theLake Chadto the north and stretches to Marte at its southernmost tip. With a central market bubbling with a wide variety of fresh crops, fish, fish products and animals for sale, it is the most diverse and economically strategic town in northern Borno. In 2014, Monguno was overrun by insurgents, forcing villagers to flee for their lives. Houses, livestock and farms were ravaged and like many in his town, Alkali Tela lost his livelihood as a farmer and tailor. Tela and his 16 member family sought refuge in his brother's house in Maiduguri, the state capital, about 137 km from Monguno.
Twenty four per cent  ( increased from 22% in Round 26 )  of IDPs living in host communities reported having been displaced 2 times with some LGA reporting higher incidence of this, Borno  ( 38% )  and Taraba  ( 35% ) . Similar to Round 26, 3 per cent of the assessed population in all evaluated states have been displaced 3 times.
Piped water continues to be the main source of drinking water in most sites  ( 70% of sites – down from 78% in February assessment ) , followed by hand pumps in 17 per cent  ( down from 18% )  of sites, water trucks in 7 per cent  ( up from 6% )  of sites, protected wells in 3 per cent of sites  ( down from 4% ) , unprotected wells in 2 per cent of sites, while 1 per cent got drinking water from other sources such as ponds, lakes, canals and surface water.
In 2018, one million IDPs remain in host communities while 1.6 million have returned to their home areas, primarily to areas no longer directly affected by the conflict but also to severely affected LGAs in Borno  ( Damboa, Konduga, Monguno ) , Adamawa  ( Madagali, Mubi North, Hong )  and Yobe  ( Gujba, Potiskum, Fika )  states.
At least 39,500 children  ( 53 per cent girls ) , including unaccompanied and separated children, and an additional 1,405 child headed households are more vulnerable to abuse, violence and exploitation if not provided with appropriate and timely protection services that include family reunification.
Recently concluded Biometric Registration Update in Teachers' Village and Stadium Camp, within the period of 9 February   26 April 2019 has brought the total number of displaced persons into 24,861 individuals  ( 6,033 households ) . T
However, overcrowding in camps continues to be a prevalent concern with over 40 per cent of camps in Borno State remaining overcongested. Moreover, more than 15,000 people who are living in makeshift shelters or sleeping out in the open are in urgent need of shelter assistance. Some progress has been made in Maiduguri, Monguno and Bama in Borno State with the allocation of additional land to build new shelters.
Assessing the age distribution showed that children below the age of 10 constitute the larger proportion of the caseload  ( 2,975: 52% ) , followed by children between the age of 11 to 15 years  ( 2,178: 38% )  and those between 16 and 18 years  ( 604: 10% ) .
Children and care givers were queried about access to safe shelter. Out of the 5,757 caseloads, 4,027  ( 70% )  reported having access to safe shelter, while 1,730  ( 30% )  did not have access to safe shelter.
Recent spike in violence in north western parts of Nigeria has forced an estimated 20,000 people to seek safety and security in Niger since April.
The total number of cases reported as at 1 st July, 2019 stands at 178, with 2 death  ( CFR=1.12% ) . Yola North has 87 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.15% ) ; Girei has 86 cases with 1 deaths  ( CFR= 1.16% )  and Yola South has 5 cases with 0 death  ( CFR= 0% ) . So far, 36 samples yielded growth typical of Vibrio cholera on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
In 2013 alone, Plateau, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Benue states registered more than 100 incidents of violent conflict, accounting for more than 1,050 deaths  ( Mercy Corps 2018 ) .4 The more recent violence left 300,000 displaced  ( Akinwotu 2018 )  and more than 1,476 dead in 2018  ( Harwood 2019 ) .
Ten years after the first attack launched by the armed group Boko Haram, more than two million people remain displaced from homes in northeast Nigeria, the highest number of any time over the last decade.
In addition to militancy, kidnapping and attacks on energy infrastructure, trajectory of violence in the region has expanded to include cult wars and killings which became more prominent from 2014.
More than 2.9 million people in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe will face Crisis  ( Phase 3 )  or worse levels of acute food insecurity and require urgent food assistance between June and August 2019, the most recent Cadre Harmonisé  ( CH )  analysis indicates. This figure represents a slight decrease from the estimated 3.0 million people who were in need during the same period last year.
The prevalence of cough was disproportionately high in East Borno and Northern Adamawa B  ( 46 percent )  and Central Borno A  ( 39 Percent )  whereas the lowest prevalence of 19 percent was reported in Northern Yobe B. For diarrhoea, more than one in every three children  ( > 30 percent )  had experienced diarrhoeal like symptoms in almost all the domains in the northeast except for MMC & Jere  ( 28 percent ) , Central Borno A  ( 26 percent ) , Northern Adamawa B  ( 24 percent )  and East Borno  ( 23 percent ) .
Consequently, populations in need of healthcare services, especially women and children, are either underserved or suffer from avoidable and treatable health conditions. The north eastern states have the worst indices of maternal and child health in Nigeria. Endemic malaria still accounts for more than 50% of mortality and morbidity among children with acute respiratory tract infection, watery diarrhea and severe acute malnutrition as leading causes of illness.
Malaria: In Epi week 17, 3,433 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 240 were from General Hospital in Biu, 150 were from GSSSS IDP camp clinic in Bama, and 132 were from Shuwari Host community clinic in Damboa. No associated death was reported.
Of this number, 169  ( 1.0% )  children had MAM and their caregivers were counselled on proper nutrition, while 93  ( 0.5% )  of them had SAM as demonstrated by Red on MUAC. The SAM cases were referred to the Outpatient Therapeutic Program  ( OTP )  centers, while the SAM cases with medical complications were referred to the stabilization centres across the state for proper management.
Nigerians last week marked the 10 year anniversary of the rise of the Boko Haram insurgency, which has killed more than 30,000 people, displaced millions and created one of the world's largest humanitarian crises. The extremists are known for mass abductions of schoolgirls and putting young women and men into suicide vests for attacks on markets, mosques and other high traffic areas.
The harrowing violations took place at Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison and Giwa Barracks, where thousands of civilians arrested due to claimed links to the Boko Haram armed group are being held. Amnesty's research also found that scores of children are being unlawfully detained alongside adults in Maiduguri Prison.
Ngala: 106 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno state. These arrivals were all from Rann ward of Kala Balge LGA. The new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions.
When the families were asked where they are currently living, an overwhelming majority of respondents reported living in Traditional Houses  ( made of mud brick / adobe ) , some were living in thatched houses  ( made from Zana ) , with few living in living in Emergency shelters built by humanitarian agencies.
The situation of IDPs in all locations across the seven states is critical and they are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance. There are few formal camps available for the IDPs so many are residing in host communities. Most of the IDPs  ( 60% )  are living within solid walls while less than 25 per cent is living in makeshifts shelters.
They are targeting UN structures and assets. While the intentions behind the attacks remain unknown, based on previous experiences, they could be aimed at collecting supplies, and/or abducting humanitarian personnel for ransom. A joint assessment mission was conducted, and an ad hoc Area Security Management Team held to review existing prevention and mitigation measures.
Suspected VHF: No suspected viral haemorrhagic fever case was reported in week 34.  Suspected cholera: One case of suspected cholera was reported through EWARS in week 34 in El Miskin IDP camp clinic in Jere. Also, an alert of 16 suspected cholera cases was received from MSF CTC Bolori in MMC. Stool samples were taken for lab analysis. Results still pending for samples sent the previous week
The results also include 67 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 22 moved to Bama, 8 to Mobbar while 37 moved to Ngala ) ; out of the 67 children measured, 1 was in the red category, 59 were in the green category and 7 children were in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
Nigeria ranks 32 out of 167 countries with the highest number of slaves  ( 1,38 million ) , according to the 2018Global Slavery Indexreport. While Nigeria has the institutional framework and laws against trafficking, at least one million people are trafficked there every year, according to the country's National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons  ( NAPTIP ) .
Some of the trafficking victims were working as sex workers in Benin and Nigeria, while others worked all day in markets and at various eating places. Some were as young as 11 and had been beaten, subject to abuse, and told they would never see their families again.
In March, 633,302 persons  ( including 303,229 children under the age of five )  were reached with integrated primary healthcare  ( PHC )  services in the camps for internally displaced and host communities in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states. Out of 97,861 medical consultations, respiratory infections remained the main morbidity with 25,326 cases, followed by malaria  ( 22,341 cases ) , diarrhea  ( 8,892 cases ) , measles and other medical conditions.
Of the 866 Nigerians surveyed in Niger, the majority  ( 86.8% )  left Nigeria for Europe between July and September of 2017. When looking at the demographic and socio economic profiles of the Nigerian respondents in Niger, the majority were males  ( 63.2% )  and single  ( 78.4% ) . The sex distribution among the Nigerians in Niger is similar to the one of potential migrants in the origin country
For Nigerians, social media and communication apps were main sources of information that informed their migration decision. Respondents reported that they based their decision primarily on information from Facebook  ( 36.1% ) , word of mouth  ( 35.3% ) , and WhatsApp  ( 14.5% ) . Different secondary sources were: word of mouth  ( 33.8% ) , the Internet in general  ( 16% ) , and Facebook  ( 15% ) . The main channels for word of mouth were verbal contact  ( via phone, Viber, Facebook, and/or Skype )  with friends and family in Europe  ( 40.6% )  and family at home  ( 21% ) . Secondary channels for word of mouth were written contact  ( via smartphone apps and/or social media )  with family and friends in Europe  ( 18.5% ) , family and friends that returned from Europe to Nigeria  ( 13.4% ) , and – again – family at home  ( 12.7% ) .
As can be seen in Figure 45, respondents also mentioned expecting to face problems in their destination country, primarily deportation  ( 20.6% ) . As secondary problems, Nigerians transiting in Libya expected to face deportation  ( 19.0% )  and detention  ( 19.2% )  – but also a lack of jobs  ( 10.1% )  and xenophobia  ( 10.1% )  – in their final destination in Europe. A third of the respondents  ( 33.2% )  expected to face no problems in their final destination country.
Local infrastructure  ( Houses, Shops and Public buildings, Latrines, Emergency and Bama type Shelters ) , which existed prior to the recent attack by AOGs, were largely damaged or destroyed, with no capacity of residents to rebuild them. However, some individuals have rebuilt their houses using Mud blocks, but do not have the capacity to buy roofing materials. The level of destruction is enormous with various level of damages and disrepair in different communities.
Forty eight per cent  ( up from 46% )  of displaced persons living with host communities differentiated between drinking and non drinking water. In Borno, residents were differentiating between drinking and non drinking water in 18 per cent of sites.
Ngala: 105 arrivals were recorded in Ngala LGA of Borno State. The arrivals include 57 from Rann “A' ward of Kala/Balge LGA and 48 from Kousseri of Cameroon. All the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to poor living conditions.
Good relationships between IDPs were reported in 98 per cent of sites, which is an increase of one per cent compared to Round 26. Relationships with surrounding host communities were described as good in 98 per cent of sites.
Substantial global progress has been made in reducing child deaths since 1990. The total number of under 5 deaths worldwide has declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.3 million in 2018. On average, 15 000 children under 5 die each day compared with 34 000 in 1990. Since 1990, the global under 5 mortality rate has dropped by 58%, from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2017 This is equivalent to 1 in 11 children dying before reaching age 5 in 1990, compared to 1 in 26 in 2018.
An exhaus�ve nutri�on screening using monitoring of symptoms of acute malnutri�on mid upper arm circumference  ( MUAC )  and Oedema was conducted by Nutri�on Sector partners for 386 children of 6 59 months. Of the 386 children screened, the MUAC reading was: 20 children  ( 14 from inaccessible and 6 from accessible area )  were in the Red category, 35 were in the Yellow category and 331 were measured in the Green category. No case of Oedema was reported in the 7 LGAs
Malaria: In Epi week 4, 3,914 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 430 were from General Hospital in Biu, 187 were from PHC clinic in Gwoza, 171 were from 400 Housing Estate Gubio road IDP camp clinic A in Konduga, and 110 were from Shuwari Host community clinic in Damboa. No associated death was reported.
The results also include 20 children from neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Republic of Niger  ( 7 moved to Bama, 10 to Mobbar while 3 moved to Ngala ) . Out of the 20 children measured, none was in the red category, 14 were in the green category and 6 children were in the yellow category. All children found with severe acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
The escalation of violence between all parties in north eastern Nigeria in 2014 resulted in mass displacement and deprivation. To better understand the scope of displacement and assess the needs of affected populations, IOM began implementing its DTM programme in September 2014, in collaboration with the National Emergency Management Agency  ( NEMA )  and State Emergency Management Agencies  ( SEMAs ) .
The geopolitical zones of North Central and North West in Nigeria have been affected by a multidimensional crisis, rooted in deep and historic rifts and rekindled in 2013 by worsening socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the two regions. The crisis accelerated in January 2018 with the intensification of attacks, leading to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of individuals. By the end of 2018, one million individuals had been displaced. While many of the IDPs displaced that year have been able to return, hundreds of thousands remain displaced for lack of security and the fear of being attacked en route or upon their return.
The security situation in Yobe State has gradually improved, after months of insecurity before and after the general elections in February 2019. However, new factors are evolving which pose challenges to the security and access environment. These include the new military “super camp' strategy through which smaller military units will be withdrawn and concentrated into larger bases. Security gaps have been seen and are anticipated as a result of the strategy, especially in areas where people are returning to and are starting to rebuild their lives.
Gombi: 58 arrivals and 13 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals include 17 from Mayo Ine ward of Fufore LGA, 15 from Gulak ward of Madagali LGA, 14 from Madzi Ward of Michika LGA and 12 from Gwamba ward of Demsa LGA. The 13 departures were from Gombi South ward. 55% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated voluntarily while 45% were reportedly due to poor living conditions. The departures were due to poor living conditions
Due to ongoing conflict, 232 displaced individuals from neighbouring Niger and Chad republic were also tracked. It includes 154 arrivals from Niger Republic, of which 147 moved to Maiduguri Metropolitan council and 7 to Gubio LGA; and 78 arrivals from Chad tracked in Ngala LGA. Out of the 4,982 individuals recorded, 24 individuals transited from Maiduguri Metropolitan council, of which 11 to Bauchi and 13 to Jigawa State.
The Government of Nigeria  ( GoN )  officially closed their land borders on August 20, 2019. The decision was made in an attempt to curb smuggling in and out of Nigeria. The GoN's policy aims to halt illegal importation of food items, particularly rice, to foster local production, as well as illegal exportation of Nigerian petroleum, which is heavily subsidized  ( Figure 31 ) , to neighboring countries. It should be noted that crude oil continues to be exported from Nigeria, unaffected by the closure.
In 2018, 418 children were deprived of liberty in Nigeria for their or their parents' alleged association with Boko Haram  ( 304 boys, 86 girls, 28 unknown sex ) . The majority  ( 52 per cent )  of the children had been in detention for over two years. In 2018, the Nigerian authorities released 241 children from detention. In addition, 125 children were held in detention for alleged association with Boko Haram in the Niger, Cameroon  ( 57 )  and Chad  ( 18 ) .
Across all states, around a quarter of schools were unable to enrol children in the 2018 2019, typically due either to overcrowding or refusing to enrol children unable to pay for school levies or uniforms. This was particularly problematic in Yobe, where 39% of schools reported being unable to enrol some children. There are no known referral mechanisms operating to assist children who have been unable to enrol in schools.
Although the majority of schools reported that teachers generally had textbooks for all subjects or at least core subjects, children's access to teaching and learning materials as more limited. In Yobe state, children in just 24% of schools had access to sufficient learning material, with even lower proportions in Borno  ( 14% )  and Adamawa  ( 10% ) . School furniture was reported as a further gap, with just 33% of schools in Borno having adequate furniture  ( chairs, desks, mats ) , 24% in Yobe and 20% in Adamawa.
Main source of food at household levels across the surveyed LGAs is food aid with exception of Damboa where majority of respondents confirmed they obtain their food through own food production. Mean HDDS ranged between 5.0 6.0 however some food groups such as eggs, meat & meat products, milk & milk products and fruits are rarely consumed.
When comparing results by state, one notes major differences between states: whereas almost all IDPs in Sokoto  ( 96% of IDPs in the state )  and Katsina  ( 91% )  were displaced in 2019, most IDPs in Nasarawa  ( 50% ) , Plateau  ( 45% ) , Kano  ( 42% )  and Kaduna  ( 38% )  states are long term IDPs, having been displaced when the crisis first started in 2012 2013. In Benue and Zamfara states, the largest IDP group  ( 45% and 41%, respectively )  was displaced in 2018. Nevertheless, large shares of IDPs in Zamfara  ( 41% ) , Kaduna  ( 38% )  and Kano  ( 32% )  states were also displaced in 2019.
Increase in food and cash crops production in 2019/2018 ranged from 0.3% to 10% compared to five year average at the state level. However, in some states such Plateau, below average crops production was recorded due to conflicts between farmers and herders, which restricted access to farmlands among the farmers. In the three NE states affected by the insurgency, the percentage of households that cultivated in the 2019 season was estimated at 50% in Borno, 73% in Adamawa and 76% in Yobe State.
The results also include 46 children from neighbouring Cameroon and Republic of Niger  ( 12 children moved to Bama, 9 to Mobbar and 25 moved to Ngala ) ; Out of the 46 children measured, 1 was in the red category, 41 in the green category and 4 measured in the yellow category. All children found with acute malnutrition have been admitted for treatment.
The general security situation in the Northeast of Nigeria remains largely volatile. During this reporting period, while Borno State was at the epicenter of continuing hostilities, sporadic incidents were reported in the States of Yobe and Adamawa. This period was marked by two simultaneous Non State Arm Groups  ( NSAG )  attacks in Banki; one on the UN Humanitarian Hub armed guards, and the other on IDP camp. These incidents may indicate modification of the modus operandi of NSAG.
The incident was preceded by a raid of a community defense group, notably local hunters, who following a tip off about NSAG gathering in a certain village went to the area and killed 12 NSAG elements. As such, instances of deliberate killings of civilians in areas under control of both Islamic State West Africa Province  ( ISWAP )  and Jama'atu Ahlus Sunnah Lidda'Awati Wal Jihad  ( JAS )  is expected to persist. Humanitarian Staff from ACF who were abducted are still being held captive.
The WASH facilities in most camps across the 3 states are appalling. In Faskari LGA, Katsina, the toilets and bathrooms observed within the camp, are without doors or windows. In Rabah LGA, Sokoto state, the male bathroom was a makeshift structure with mats spread over the entrance for privacy, while the women use the existing facilities in the school.
Cholera continues to pose a significant threat to the lives of conflict affected communities. In Adamawa State, 434 cholera cases were recorded by the end of July, with 4 deaths  ( representing a case fatality rate of 0.92 % ) . The outbreak has been restricted to four LGAs, with Yola North and Girei reporting the highest numbers of cases  ( 259 and 140 cases respectively ) , while Yola South and Song have recorded a much smaller number of cases  ( 34 and 1 case respectively ) . In Borno, at least four LGAs  ( Bama, Monguno, MMC and Jere )  have reported cholera alerts, with samples currently being tested in the national laboratory to confirm the official declaration of an outbreak.
The insecurity in the northwest and central states relating to the farmer/herder conflict, banditry, kidnapping, and communal conflict also persist but is limited to localized areas. The recent UNICEF rapid humanitarian needs assessment report in July 2019 covering Sokoto and Zamfara states estimates that the total number of internally displaced persons in the two states is between 70,000 and 85,000 people  ( approximately 50,000 to 60,000 in Zamfara and approximately 20,000 to 25,000 in Sokoto ) , which is slightly higher than the IOM estimate from July 2019.
3.0 percent of food insecure households were severely food insecure with more of such households found in Borno State  ( 4.9 percent )  compared to 1.7 percent and 1.2 percent in Adamawa and Yobe States respectively, which shows wide food consumption gaps and loss of productive assets within such households. Year on year comparison with February 2018 shows a marginal reduction 0.2 percent in the prevalence of severe food insecurity, albeit there was an increase of 1 percent and 0.2 percent in Borno and Adamawa States respectively. At the LGA level, more than one in every ten households were severely food insecure households in Gubio  ( 14.5 percent ) , Nganzai  ( 13.0 percent )  and Magumeri  ( 10.3 percent )  LGAs in Borno State, whereas in Yobe and Adamawa States, severe food insecurity was most pronounced in Yunusari  ( 5.3 percent ) , Numan  ( 6.3 percent ) , Gombi  ( 6.2 percent )  and Madagali  ( 4.0 percent ) .
On 18 June 2019, the Adamawa State Government officially declared an outbreak of cholera in three LGAs namely Yola North, Yola South and Girei. The total number of cases reported as of 18 June stands at 76 cases with one death  ( CFR=1.32% ) . Yola North has 44 cases with one death  ( CFR= 2.27% ) ; Girei has 31 cases with no deaths  ( CFR=0% )  and Yola South has one new case. The local coordination forum within the Yola North secretariat for the three LGAs is active.
The total number of cases reported as at 14th August, 2019 stands at 615, with 4 deaths  ( CFR=0.65 % ) , Yola North has 376 cases with 2 deaths  ( CFR= 0.53 % ) ; Girei has 168 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 0.59 % ) , Yola South has 70 cases with 1 death  ( CFR= 1.43 % )  and Song has 1 case with 0 death  ( CFR= 0 % ) . So far, 149 samples yielded growth suggestive of Vibrio cholerae on culture and results of 7 isolates from the reference laboratory revealed 01 serotype.
Today, the humanitarian and protection situations in Nigeria, as well as in the border areas with Cameroon, Chad and Niger, remains dire. The violence has uprooted nearly 2.5 million civilians within their respective countries, including over 1.9 million IDPs in Nigeria alone. In addition, some 229,000 Nigerian refugees have fled to neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger
Eleven protesters, a journalist, and a police officer were killed, while dozens of others were wounded or arrested, according to witnesses and authorities. The Shia movement was protesting the detention since 2015 of their leader, Sheikh Ibrahim El Zakzaky, and calling for the authorities to allow him proper medical care. Parliament shut down for an afternoon after a July 9 protest by the group at the Nigerian National Assembly.
One of the drivers was killed, while one Action Against Hunger staff member, two of the drivers and three health workers are missing.
In 50 per cent  ( down from 51% )  of sites, 10 to 15 liters of water was available per person per day; 34 per cent of sites  ( up from 31% )  reported access to more than 15 liters of water per person per day; and in 14 per cent of sites  ( down from 17% ) , 5 to 10 liters of water per person per day was available. In Borno, in 63 per cent of sites  ( no change from last round of assessment ) , the amount of water available for IDPs living with host communities was between 10 and 15 liters per day
IDPs in 92 per cent  ( up from 89% in Round 26 )  of sites did not witness any security incident. Theft and friction among site residents were the main types of security incidents reported in four per cent of sites, respectively. Ninety eight per cent of sites did not report any incidents of Gender Based Violence  ( GBV ) . Whereas sites in Adamawa and Borno states were the only areas which reported instances of domestic violence. In Adamawa, 8 per cent of sites reported GBV incidents and in Borno 2 per cent of sites reported GBV incidents. No cases of physical violence were reported in 99 per cent  ( up from 96% )  of sites.
The increase in the total number of returnees, however, is in line with the trend observed since the start of collection of returnees data by DTM in August 2015. The increase in returnees was most notable in the State of Yobe where 28,216 returnees were recorded  ( 21% increase in Round 27 assessment as against Round 26 ) , followed by Adamawa  ( 2% increase )  and Borno  ( 3% increase – taking the total number of returnees in the state to 658,869 ) .
Of the sites assessed, 752 sites, hosting 123,160 households, host IDPs living in makeshift shelters. Of these, in 521 sites the IDPs living in makeshift shelters comprise less than 25 percent of the total number of IDPs in these sites. Of the sites assessed, 237 sites, hosting 48,242 households, host IDPs living in emergency shelters. For 171 of these sites, the proportion of IDPs living in emergency shelters was less than 25 percent of the IDPs on site.
Furthermore, of the total 281 camps and camp like settings, in 16 sites  ( hosting 28,250 families )  in Borno States some households lived without shelter. Out of the total number of IDPs on site, the number of families in need of shelter was lower than 25 percent, With the exception of SSS Quarter camp  ( GSSSS Damboa ) where 50 75% of households reported no shelter owing to the recent influx from Sabon Gari town into the camp.
Ninety seven per cent of displacement sites had access to markets  ( no change from last round of assessment ) . The frequency of cash or voucher distribution was irregular in 42 per cent  ( up from 36% ) , once a month in 42 per cent of sites  ( up from 41% )  and never in 13 per cent of sites  ( up from 9% ) .
In Niger state, about 300 people were affected, 185 displaced, 50 casualties were recorded hospitalized. A total number of eight 8 people were reported dead due to flooding with others reported as missing. The deceased bodies were recovered following a downpour in Rafi Gora village and Gangare Saji in Kontagora Local Government Area of the state.
In addition, UNHCR reported the registration of 1,745 refugees still in Cameroon who have expressed a desire to be transported to Adamawa, where the security situation in several Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  has stabilized. Some of those who have registered originally hail from Borno but are reportedly considering permanent resettlement in Adamawa.
Malaria: In Epi week 22, 3,297 cases of confirmed malaria were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 245 were from General Hospital in Biu, 196 were from Kirbutu PHC, 111 were from Shuwari Host community clinic in Damboa, and 111 were from Gwange PHC in MMC. Two associated deaths were reported in Yawi dispensary Biu  ( 1 )  and FHI360 Banki clinic in Bama  ( 1 ) .
Bama: 477 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. These include 26 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon, 2 arrivals from Pulka/Bokko ward of Gwoza LGA and 28 arrivals from Mubi ward of Mubi North LGA of Adamawa state. Other arrivals include 63 from Banki camp of Baduwa ward, 305 arrivals from Darajamal ward and 53 arrivals from Abbaram and Sabsawa ward of Bama LGA tracked at Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi wards of Bama LGA. 70% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to military opera�on, 5% due to poor living condi�ons while 25% relocated voluntarily.
The CH did not analyze food security outcomes in four hard to reach LGAs in Borno Abadam, Guzamala, Kukawa, and Marte for the June analysis; as such, the actual number of people facing acute food insecurity may be higher than what the CH analysis indicates. The figure is largely unchanged from the approximately 3 million people who likely experienced Crisis or Emergency levels of acute food insecurity during the same period in 2018.
Norwegian Church Aid's  ( NCA )  Needs Assessment conducted in Dec 2018 uncovered similar issues related to Gender Based Violence and child protection in the communities they work in. Women and  ( especially )  adolescent girls are the most affected community group exposed to deeply rooted gender inequality  ( e.g. forced marriages, stigmatization of GBV survivors – including survivors of abductions by Armed Opposition Groups  ( AOGs ) .
Bama: 244 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno state. The new arrivals include 131 arrivals from Marwa in Cameroon and 113 arrivals from Darajamal, Goniri and Abbaram wards of Bama LGA tracked at Buduwa/Bula Chirabe and Shehuri/Hausari/Mairi wards of Bama LGA. 52% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to fear of a�ack while 48% relocated due to poor living condi�ons.
Adamawa was characterised by very high food security needs across the state with extremely high challenges in accessing markets and food items on markets, as well as concerning proportions of households found to have poor or borderline food consumption scores  ( FCS ) .
The security operatives in camps, specifically the CJTG were accused of perpetrating violence again persons of concern, eg. in Fori host community in Maiduguri when such individuals lacked ID cards. In Wege Camp C in Pulka, men faced harassment including being beaten by CJTF within the confines of the camps and host community. Girls in Camp B, Pulka, also accused CJTF of harassing them.
Askira/Uba: 35 arrivals and 248 departures were recorded in Askira/Uba LGA of Borno state. These include 20 arrivals from Uba Marghi in Uba ward of Askira/Uba LGA tracked at Multhfu in Kopa/Multhafu ward of Askira Uba LGA of Borno state, 15 arrivals from Kona ward in Jalingo LGA of Taraba state, 159 departures from Damboa central ward of Damaboa LGA, 3 departures from Gatamarwa ward in Chibok LGA of Borno State and 86 departures from K/Wurogayandi ward of Madagali LGA of Adamawa state. 57% of the new arrivals reported to have relocated due to improved security and 43% voluntarily relocated while the departure was due to improved security.
For the infrastructure mapping, data collection teams identified and recorded the GPS locations and main characteristics of water access points, latrine blocks, schools, marketplaces, and health facilities. HH survey data was collected between 25 June and 6 August 2018, while infrastructure mapping data was collected between 2 and 5 October 2018. 263 HH surveys were conducted in accessible areas of Dikwa LGA with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 10%.
Of all the 2,117 sites assessed, the highest need for NFI items was blankets/mats in 1,065 sites hosting 122,225 households, followed by mosquito nets in 376 sites hosting 33,607 households and mattresses in 316 sites hosting 18,173 households.
As was found in Borno and Yobe, education needs were very high in the state of Adamawa across all domains and population groups. It was by far the first sector in which households were found to be in need of assistance, as well as the sector for which needs severity was the worst. Overall in Adamawa, 88% of households were found to be in need of education support. The average severity score was the highest of all sectors in the state of Adamawa with 7.3 out of 10. Across the state, the main driving indicator was related to ownership of education related supplies. Indeed, 86% of households reported not owning school supplies such as school bags, notebooks and textbooks.
Both non displaced and returnee households displayed alarming rates of not accessing improved water sources  ( respectively 71% and 67% )  and not accessing functioning latrines  ( respectively 63% and 70% ) . In Southern Adamawa, IDP households reported not having access to soap more frequently than other groups  ( 12% ) .
At the tiem of data collection, over half of households in Borno State reported not receiving any information from aid providers  ( 53% ) , suggesting that not all populations are being reached with information. For those households receiving information, how to register for assistance and news on the situation in their current location were the most commonly reported types of information received.
Health needs were high in Borno State, with this need being expressed by more than half of households  ( 57% ) . Most indicators that fed into the calculations for health needs are proxies for healthcare access. Therefore, LGAs where data collection was restricted to a small area  ( such as the LGA capital ) , or that have a high health partner presence, likely will demonstrate lower needs than other groups or areas.
Across the geographic areas, households in Northern Yobe had the highest education needs  ( 81% ) . Households in Northern Yobe reported the lowest access to school supplies  ( 93% of households reported not having school bags, notebooks and textbooks ) , the highest dropout rates  ( 73% ) , and the highest proportion of households with children with no formal schooling  ( 70% ) .
In Northern Adamawa, a lower proportion of households were found to be in need of WASH as compared to the state overall  ( 51% vs. 62% ) , suggesting that households in Northern Adamawa were less negatively affected by WASH needs than their Southern counterparts. However, the severity of needs observed was the same with 5.2. In Northern Adamawa, the three main drivers of WASH needs were a challenged access to improved water sources for 49% of households, no access to functioning latrines for 47% of households, and high water collection times reported by 39% of households.
While only 48% of IDP households reported that the nearest health facility was more than 2 kilometres away, this proportion was 73% for non displaced households and up to 81% for returnee households. Similar to previous observations, the geographical distribution of IDP households in the state of Adamawa in more urban settings could offer an explanation to this difference, while non displaced and returnee households, especially in Southern Adamawa, were found to live across rural areas.
In Northern Adamawa, 97% of households in the LGA of Mubi North were in need of health assistance – higher than any other LGA across the state. Those needs were also severe as households on average scored 6 out of 10 on the sector severity scale, again the highest score across the state. High needs were driven by 75% of households reporting that at least 1 member of the household had been sick within the two weeks prior to data collection and 95% of households reported at least 1 barrier to accessing health services in their area, with the main barrier faced being the cost of medical services.
Overall in Northern Adamawa, 82% of households were found to have unmet health needs, with a severity of needs echoing the state average at 5.6. This proportion of households with unmet needs was slightly lower than the state average, underlining that higher needs in this sector exist in Southern Adamawa. The driving indicators also echoed those of the state overall: primarily, 70% of households reported at least 1 quality related barrier to accessing health services, while 67% of households reported a long distance to the nearest health facility
In Southern Adamawa, according to the International Crisis Group report of July 2018, “violence between Nigerian herders and farmers has escalated, killing more than 1,300 people since January 2018. The conflict has evolved from spontaneous reactions to provocations and now to deadlier planned attacks, particularly in Benue, Plateau, Adamawa, Nasarawa and Taraba states.'
IDP households were less affected by WASH needs in Northern Adamawa compared to other population groups with 9% in need of WASH, while non displaced and returnee households were driving the overall proportion with respectively 54% and 31% of households with unmet WASH needs. This sharp difference could be explained by differences in geographical distribution: non displaced and returnee households were dispersed across the state and in rural areas, while IDP households were more confined to urban areas where access to services and assistance was improved.
The high level of food security and agriculture needs among IDP households was largely underscored by a poor or borderline food consumption score  ( 76% ) , a high usage of unsafe, unsustainable sources of fuel for cooking  ( 85.3% )  and a notable prevalence of households scoring greater than 10 points when measuring the reduced coping strategies index  ( 53.6% ) .
Staple food prices: Staple cereal prices including maize, millet, sorghum and rice are exhibiting normal trends across most markets, either remaining stable or declining. The impending general election across the country has also slowed down market activities and trader speculation. For example, the price of white maize in January decreased in Damaturu, Gombe, Gujungu, Saminaka and Mile 12 markets by 9.5, 5.4, 5.4, 6.0 and 8.7 percent, respectively, relative to the previous month. However, staple prices also tend to increase, though slightly, in some other markets. Prices are relatively lower or similar to previous year for most staples but remain higher than the 5 year average.
Following the postponement of the Nigeria presidential and National Assembly elections, from 16 February to 23 February 2018, the security situation has remained relatively calm with some localized tensions in the country especially in Kaduna and Kano. The security situation in the North East Nigeria has remained volatile due to continuous attacks by the Non State Armed Groups  ( NSAGs ) . During the reported period, as many as 24 people were reported killed due to NSAGs related incidents in Borno and Adamawa states from 11 16 February.
During the different FGDs, participants also revealed that women, especially, have less access to education, knowledge, training, and new technologies, including cell phones, improved equipments and farming techniques.
“Though the terrorists appeared prepared for the attack as they approached the military location with four gun trucks,one Mine Resistant Ambush Protection,one MOWAC and assorted arms and ammunition, they, however, suffered heavy losses as five of the bandits/terrorists were killed, while 9 x AK 47 rifles, 1x Anti Aircraft gun, 121 rounds of 12.7 mm anti aircraft ammunition, 2x 36 hand grenades, 295 rounds of 7.62mm special ammunition, 4x Improvised Explosive Device, IED; 1x IED cylinder, 1x RPG bomb, 1x RPG bomb charger, 1x gun truck and 1x Bajaj Motorcycle were recovered from them.
Nigeria is Africa's largest economy, most populous country, and home to a wealth of natural resources  ( particularly oil and natural gas ) . Unfortunately, these assets have not translated into inclusive growth for the country due to a lack of infrastructure, inadequate power supply, and overall state fragility. Nigeria generates one of the lowest per capita quantities of electricity in the world: 144 kWh per capita in 2014. The poverty rate is over 50 percent, inequality is on the rise, and the economy is subject to volatile oil prices. Intermittent violence, including Boko Haram insurgency in the North East Zone and agitation for resource control in the Niger Delta, combined with weak governance contribute to the country's vulnerability.
Going down memory lane of the academic disruption faced by tertiary institutions in the last one year, Akpan said: “On 4th November, 2018, the Academic Staff Union of Universities embarked on an indefinite strike which grounded all academic activities on our campuses till date. Prior to theirs, the Colleges of Education Academic Staff Union, COEASU, had also embarked on same industrial action, shutting down all Colleges of Education.
The shortage of trained and skilled health workers in the northeast, particularly in Borno State, is a major challenge. Even prior to the conflict, there were insufficient human resources for health, and Nigeria suffers from “brain drain.
La déclaration de l'épidémie a été faite à l'OMS le 19 mars 2020
Laboratoire : Test de diagnostic des voyageurs à l'arrivée et au besoin se fait au laboratoire du Centre Hospitalier au départ Universitaire de Référence Nationale  ( CHURN )  / Analyses RT PCR réalisées au Laboratoire Mobile de N'Djamena et au laboratoire du CHURN / Renforcement des capacités diagnostiques à N'Djamena par la décentralisation des analyses à CHURN, Hôpital de Farcha et au laboratoire du Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose / Opérationalité du diagnostic COVID 19 dans les provinces du Moyen Chari, Logone Occidental, Ouaddaï , Guera.et au Lac (  Bol  )  et le Kanem  (  Mao
Ce chiffre  [ 96 967 personnes évaluées et atteintes par les mouvements de population ]  s'ajoute à 45 092 personnes déplacées dans neuf sites  ( Amma, Diamerom, Fourkoulom, Fourkoulom Nord, Doum doum, Kousserie Fourkoulom, Malmairie, Ngorerom et Ngourtoukoumboua )  de janvier à juillet 2020 ; soit un total de 142 059 individus.
Cumulativement : 3868 cas confirmés dans 17 Provinces  ( N'Djamena, Ouaddaï, Lac, Logone Oriental, Wadi Fira, Moyen Chari, Logone Occidental, Batha, Kanem, Mayo Kebbi Est, Mayo Kebbi Ouest, Guera, Sila, Mandoul, Ennedi Est, Chari Baguirmi, Tandjilé )  dont 187  ( 5 % )  personnels de santé. 135 décès soit une létalité de 3,5% 3336 cas confirmés guéris et 397 malades sous traitement dont 125 hospitalisés avec 3 sous oxygène. 50907 personnes mises en quarantaine, 49559 dont les étudiants venus des pays touchés répartis dans 17 Provinces, sont sortis de quarantaine après 7 jours de suivi et 1348 sont présents en quarantaine.