nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
It is estimated that more than 1.4 million of the most marginalized and crisis affected children will need education assistance in 2021. Partners are requesting US$44 million to assist 374,973 of the 1.4 million affected children.
Gaps & Constraints: Funding constraints continue to exist with 1,423 IDP sites experiencing gaps in CCCM partner led RCCE activities focusing on site leader/religious leader engagement, small group information sessions and door to door awareness
Food Security and livelihoods: Among the assessed settlements, most commonly reported reasons why people were not able to access enough food were Natural causes ( 77% ) , Economic causes  ( 62% ) , Security issues  ( 41% ) .
Domestic revenues were 3.9% of GDP in 2018 and 4.6% in 2019 and financed an average of 71% of the national budget during those two years.
A technical working group is needed to bring together different agencies working at Points of Entry  ( POEs )  beyond COVID 19 Response.
WASH: 42% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had sufficient access to water while 44% of assessed settlements where people reportedly had insufficient access to water in the month preceding data collection.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  10% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 51%, 29%,10% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 1% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
Protection/GBV: 4% of assessed settlements where KIs reported presence of unaccompanied children in the month preceding data collection.83% reported there were no any presence of unaccompanied children in the month preceding data collection.
Testing has been escalated with the setting up of additional laboratories in Puntland and Somaliland. Moreover, WHO is supporting the Federal Ministry of Health to strengthen surveillance systems, including community surveillance.
However, the Cluster noted lack of information on service provision at the site level, adding that lack of land tenure and forced evictions was also inhibiting the ability of partners to improve living conditions in sites. The Cluster was also constrained by resources, having received only 25 per cent of required funding.
The Somali WASH cluster has already noted significantly increasing prices for 200 liter barrels of water, with some areas of Sanaag and Togdheer seeing rates as high as $3 to $5 per 200 liters  ( Somali WASH Cluster, January 2021
In Gedo region of Jubaland, more people continue to flee the volatile Belet Xaawo town as fear increases over renewed clashes between Jubaland State forces and the Somali National Armed Forces in the area.
In 2021, an estimated 20 per cent of Somalia's population will suffer from direct and indirect impacts of COVID 19.
Somalia is particularly susceptible to recurrent droughts due to a number of intertwined factors. The majority of the country is characterised by arid or semi arid conditions; a little more than half of the territory is covered by savannah vegetation, while only about 13% of the land is cultivable, of which the majority is found in the south of the country in the riverine regions.
UNICEF and partners responded with water disinfection of 398 water points to provide safe water and AWD mitigation. Additional emergency water was provided through water trucking to 74,046 people continuing to be affected by the lingering impacts of the floods and internally displaced people  ( IDPs )  in Bay, Middle Shabelle, Gedo and Banadir regions.
In addition to the political instability caused by the uncertain electoral process, regional relations and the security situation in the country have also been challenging in recent months.
Recommendations: Community water asset rehabilitation and/or construction should be implemented to restore and increase capacity of existing water assets. As water access remains below SPHERE standards, water asset rehabilitation should be prioritized in order to reduce the number of households reliant on unprotected and unsafe water sources and to increase overall supply of water from existing assets
To support the medium term recovery, the report notes there is need to consider protecting jobs and incomes by providing liquidity and trade financing including emergency loans for nascent small and medium size enterprises. Further, revenue mobilization and collection need to be scaled significantly beyond the Benadir region.
While some herd growth has occurred, many poor pastoralists are still unable to afford all basic nonfood needs from the sale of livestock and livestock products. Households routinely allocate a high portion of income from livestock sales to debt repayment, accumulated during recurrent droughts
In Togdheer Agropastoral livelihood zone, farmers planted 60 70 percent below normal levels as they had limited capacity to afford the cost of tractor tillage and are wary of desert locust damage to crops.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  63% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 24% was found to be extreme, 39% severe, 37% stress.
The Nutrition Cluster estimates that 165,72396 displaced children under 5 and 83,571 displaced pregnant and lactating women are in need of preventive nutrition services in 2021.Of this group, the highest rates of acute malnutrition continue to be found in IDP sites.
Huge food and nutrition gaps remain, particularly among poor agropastoral, marginalized and urban communities, where many vulnerable persons can be classified as, or are in danger of being pushed into, the most severe phases of food and nutrition insecurity.
It is important that humanitarian actors must broaden service provision; ensure prepositions of supplies and equipment for GBV service provision, sustain capacity and mobilization of crude mortality rate and psychosocial support actors to deliver services;
Following Cabinet approval in September 2019, President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed launched the ninth Somalia National Development Plan  ( NDP9 )  on 23 December 2019. The Plan lays out Somalia's development priorities for 2020 to 2024 and serves as the key overarching planning framework for the Government and international partners
Since Somalia had no capacity to test suspected samples of the virus or to diagnose cases, the WHO Country Office negotiated with Kenya Medical Research Institute  ( KEMRI )  to test samples of suspected COVID 19 cases from Somalia at the beginning of the outbreak
Evictions are rampant  ( according to the Protection Cluster, 173,000 people were evicted between January and August 2019 ) , putting further stress on displaced families and limiting their ability to integrate into social structures. Site level coordination and management systems are required to ensure equitable access to services and protection for displaced persons.
This makes it especially important for the Somali government, at federal and member state level, to be able to take anticipatory preventive response measures to reduce the risk of climate related migration triggering violent conflict. Regional and international partners – including IGAD, AMISOM and UNSOM – can help the FGS and FMS to have access to early warning systems and to increase their response capacities.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 3% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 1% ) , skin infections and eye infections  ( 0% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of IDP settlements were Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 11% ) , Ownership  ( 62% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 14% ) , rented  ( 14% ) . Similarly, Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of non IDP settlements were Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 9% ) , Ownership  ( 64% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 5% ) , rented  ( 22% ) .
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one Food Security Living Standard Gap ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . 39% of households were found to have a food security LSG but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security, 57% of households were found to have both a food security LSG and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security,4% of households were found to have no food security LSG but a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in food security.
From April to December 2020, the Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  AOR reached a total of 433,672 people with Gender Based Violence  ( GBV )  services and information. The AOR also contributed to capacity enhancement of humanitarian and government actors.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children , 17% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection . While among households of non IDP settlements with children , 20% households reporting having access to mobile nutrition team able to assess for malnutrition in the 6 months prior to data collection.
Due to a combination of funding shortfalls and access constraints, partners' response in Bari, Galgaduud, Middle Juba, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Sool, and Toghdheer regions are below 15 per cent of the target. The Food Security Cluster is almost 74 per cent funded according to the Financial Tracking Service  ( FTS ) . For the Cluster is based on the revised Humanitarian Response Plan  ( issued in July ) , for which unfunded needs from the first half of 2020 were removed. Consequently, the actual funding gap is higher than reflected. In addition, the FTS includes recently reported contributions that have not yet been programmed. These will be reflected in successive response.
Seasonal hagaa flooding since July has resulted in the displacement of nearly 342,000 people, inundated 294 villages and destroyed property and about 15,000 to 20,000 hectares of assorted crops, mainly in in rural areas along the Juba and Shabelle river valleys, according to the UNHCR led Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  in Somalia. Of the total displaced, around 167,000 people have been displaced since 1 September, mainly in Wanla Weyne  ( ~93,000 )  in Lower Shabelle, Jowhar  ( ~41,000 )  in Middle Shabelle, and Belet Weyne  ( ~28,000 )  in Hiraan regions.
Additionally, a sharp decline in livestock exports since August 2020 has adversely affected pastoralists and other households who work in the livestock value chain. In many pastoral livelihood zones, poor households with limited saleable animals will face moderate to large food consumption gaps through mid 2021.
Similary, 22 per cent  [ of Land Border Points ]  had screening for travellers, and 21 per cent had functional referral systems in place.
To assess the performance of WFP's Maternal Child Health And Nutrition  ( MCHN )  programme, a nutrition outcome survey assessed diet patterns of children aged 6 23 months and pregnant and nursing women, and their participation in Specialised Nutritious Food  ( SNF )  distributions.
At least 13,000 people have been displaced by the floods across the country. Local authorities have reported massive damage to infrastructure including roads, residential areas and buildings.
The Federal Government of Somalia has also responded to the floods, including in recent weeks setting aside USD 500,000 to address the floods in South West state.
The situation of children affected by armed conflict in Somalia remains worrisome. Somalia has the highest reported number of grave violations against children, mostly committed by Al Shabaab. Somalia alone stands for more than 35 percent the global figures. The recruitment and use of children as well as abduction and sexual violence are particularly alarming.
Supporting healthcare workers to remain safe and mentally well and resilient is a particular challenge, requiring new stress and coping resources and timely logistics to maintain sufficient levels of personal protective equipment.
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia  ( UNSOM )  and the United Nations  ( UN )  system have already increased their  [ analysis and coordination mechanisms ]  capacities in this area significantly; now they must step up their support to the FGS  [ Federal Government of Somalia ]  and FMS  [ Federal Member States ] .
Around 2.2 million people need shelter and NFI assistance. Most of these live in makeshift shelters often in very congested informal settlements lacking security of tenure thus exposing them to extreme weather conditions, forced evictions, and other protection risks.
Individuals and groups who are lacking or unable to access services are susceptible to various human rights violations, cyclical displacement and erosion of coping mechanisms. The most vulnerable groups include persons from marginalized communities, persons with disabilities and older persons without caregivers.
Forced eviction of IDPs from their settlements is a significant protection problem and reports indicate that more than 200,000 people were evicted as of end of September 2019. Forced eviction caused by development projects has also been increasingly reported in 2019 and evictions from private land has increased from previous years exacerbating the protection risks for all vulnerable groups.
The areas which suffered the most from flooding were already experiencing high levels of vulnerability and after years of crises, coping capacities are exhausted, leaving large population groups vulnerable to falling back into extreme levels of food insecurity and malnutrition.
Somalia is one of the poorest countries in Sub Saharan Africa with nearly 7 out of 10 people living in poverty. Poverty is widespread particularly among populations living in rural areas and internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in settlements.
During the polio campaign, partners  ( international and national ) coordinated with district and regional health authorities to ensure that stocks of polio vaccines, finger marker and documentation for vaccinating children were available. Any under 5 child presenting a HCF for any reason without a finger or toe mark for vaccination from this campaign, was provided with oral polio vaccine  ( OPV )  or referred to the nearest vaccination team.
Humanitarian partners continue to provide life saving, livelihood support and to advocate for durable solutions for internally displaced persons. In July, the Shelter Cluster assisted nearly 1,800 persons with standard household kits comprising of plastic sheets, blankets, jerry cans, sleeping mats and kitchen sets.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  91% of IDP settlement and 85% of non IDP settlement households found with a Education Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
The current outbreak of COVID 19 has affected global mobility in the form of various travel disruptions and restrictions.
Survey findings indicated relatively good health seeking behaviours by the caregivers with 93.3% of the caregivers seeking assistance. Of those who sought assistance, 39.1% sought assistance from private physician and  ( 18.7% )  from PHUs/CHWs. This is indicative of good health service utilization. However, getting assistance from private physician shows low coverage of NGO run facilities like Galkacyo south hospital and community health worker's activities.
In Somaliland, the water crisis is critical, especially in Togdheer region due to the failure of the Deyr rainy season. The shortages have caused movement of pastoral households to Ethiopia in search of water and pasture. In Gedo region, Jubaland authorities reported the dire need for water for rural communities and their livestock given the poor Deyr rainfall
In June SRCS ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  rolled out a comprehensive 7 day registration process of the 1500 beneficiaries based on the developed targeting criteria. Some earlier trained volunteers were deployed to undertake the exercise and a comprehensive Shelter / HHIs Beneficiaries Register was finalized for use during the actual Shelter / HHIs distribution
Communication and Visibility: SRCS ( Surveillance Research and Communication Support )  supported protection and visibility items for 50 volunteers. These included Red Crescent reflector bibs from existing stocks and banners.
Livelihoods: The initially targeted 9,000 people  ( 1,500 HHs )  under Shelter / HHIs were the same ones targeted under this component of the Operation Update. Surveillance Research and Communication Support carried out a beneficiary accountability awareness raising during their re verification and registration for the planned one off unconditional mobile cash transfer worth 100 dollars per household, determined by the prevailing July MEB from the Cash Working Group.
CCCM partners have either completed or have ongoing risk communication activities  ( awareness raising on COVID 19 )  in 921 IDP sites out of 2344 IDP sites nationally, covering 1,091,009 persons  ( 42% out of total 2.6 million )
Once displaced, often to informal settlements in urban areas, their ability to meet basic needs is undermined by widespread poverty and limited livelihoods, and exacerbated by shocks, including conflict, floods, drought, the Desert Locust upsurge and the COVID 19 pandemic
Working with existing protection monitoring and reporting networks in collaboration with governments, local communities and partners, UNHCR will continue to mitigate potential protection risks to refugees and displaced people, including restrictions of access to territory and the right to seek asylum, and continuity of essential protection services, including registration, status determination, documentation, protection counselling, GBV and child protection.
Other activities which have continued  ( despite COVID 19 induced restrictions )  but under changed modality, have included remote case management, family based PSS, awareness raising, provision of dignity and hygiene kits and other material assistance, safe/houses/shelters, legal assistance, eviction monitoring and prevention, land survey and clearance, victim assistance, protection monitoring and strengthening of community based protection mechanisms.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  92% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 11% found to be extreme+, 28% extreme, 53% severe and 8% stress.
Seasonal hagaa flooding since July has resulted in the displacement of nearly 342,000 people, inundated 294 villages and destroyed property and about 15,000 to 20,000 hectares of assorted crops, mainly in in rural areas along the Juba and Shabelle river valleys, according to the UNHCR led Protection and Return Monitoring Network  ( PRMN )  in Somalia.
An estimated 7,500 livestock  ( camels, sheep, goats )  were killed by the cyclone in Xaafuun, Karduush and Hurdiye. Some nomadic pastoralists lost entire stocks of livestock. So far, the assessment team has confirmed that 120fishing vesselsincluding eighthuge fishing boats were either totally or partially destroyed, and a total of 469 fishermen lost livelihood assets.
( According to Humanitarian Response Plan ) The distribution days at the nutrition sites is staggered in order to prevent the spread of the virus by minimising social contacts and ensuring social distancing. The modified service delivery guidelines have been agreed and shared with all partners and trainings have been provided to the frontline workers.
Somalia will remain at risk of being particularly impacted by the COVID 19 pandemic in 2021 due to its fragile healthcare systems, the number of IDPs and ongoing conflict and insecurity.As of 21 November 2020, 4,445 cases with 113 deaths had been confirmed.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of non IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 13% ) , Diarrhea  ( 2% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 2% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  21% of households reported having received aid in the 30 days prior to data collection.
This  [ crowded shelters in nearby villages. ] , according to WHO, could elevate the risk of COVID 19 transmission as the virus can easily be transmitted in densely populated settings.
[ Specific locations assessed Baidoa, Mogadishu, Galkayo ] ' A surprising finding in the JMCNA data was the source for primary source of water. A plurality of households nationally reported using a piped system  ( 30% ) , while it is general believed that wells  ( 10% )  and boreholes  ( 3% )  are the most common sources. This may be a result of the survey design which includes responses for water kiosks  ( 15% ) , vendors  ( 9% ) , and trucks  ( 3% )  which may source their water from wells and boreholes, making their total up to 40%. Similarly, such systems are classified as unimproved as the quality of the original source cannot be confirmed. Additionally, the use of these third party suppliers could represent a financial burden, though also a mean of mitigating stress when other sources become unavailable.
Since December 2017, a total of 9,613 cumulative cases  [ of cholera ] , including 50 deaths  ( CFR 0.5% ) , were reported from 3 states of Somalia  ( Hirshabelle, Jubbaland and South West state )  and Banadir region.
The De Martino Hospital in Mogadishu provides free health care to IDPs and other vulnerable groups.
The ventilators, donated to the Federal Government of Somalia  ( FGS ) , and funded by the multi donor Somalia Humanitarian Fund  ( SHF ) , will be used to set up an intensive care unit at the De Martino Hospital, the main public hospital in the country's capital designated by the country's Ministry of Health to treat COVID 19 cases .
Despite the ongoing effort to control the spread of Desert Locust yielding positive results, there are still significant risks in 2021 for Somalia, particularly as a result of Cyclone Gati, that will encourage the development of a new generation.
[ General household information ]  Two most common sources of COVID  19 information, as reported by households were Health worker at health facility  ( 61% )  and Settlement leaders  ( 29% ) .
Today, 08 September, the river level at Belet Weyne is bank full and there has been overbank spillage in parts of the town. Thousands of people have been displaced and have started to evacuate from high risk areas to low risk areas since yesterday.
Inadequate funding with 16.8 per cent funded out of $22 million needed, has affected the continuity of child protection services. At least $3.43 million  ( 65 per cent )  of funding ended in May 2020 as the projects were completed. Only projects totaling $1.79 million are continuing, which has already affected the quality and coverage of child protection responses.
In August, CP partners conducted a virtual training for 60 organization staff on how to use the case management forms and Child Protection Information Management System  ( CPIMS )  to strengthen case management in the COVID 19 context. In August, CP partners conducted critical case management to 1,724 children and monitored low risk cases. CP AOR partners reached about 6,770 children and caregivers with mental health and psychosocial support activities  ( MHPSS )  across Somalia.
232  ( 47% )  of complaints made in September were related to new requests with shelter damages and lack of adequate shelters being the most common complaint.
The Joint Programme for Local Governance  ( JPLG )  proposes to establish an emergency and recovery fund for local governments to respond to locally identified needs, following the established Local Development Fund  ( LDF )  and Service Delivery Models  ( SDM ) . A simple call for proposals with guiding criteria  ( grant amounts, potential areas of support, preference for targeting needs of vulnerable groups )  will be shared with all JPLG districts, with preference in grant provision.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses  ( 3% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 11% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 35% ) .
The key respondent has identified the type of harmful work that children are engaging in includes involved in farm work  (  44% ) , domestic work  (  26% ) , harsh and dangerous work  (  19% ) , factory work  ( 13% ) , transporting goods and people  ( 9 )  and 6 % of the respondent indicated sexual exploitation.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  36% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 32%, 14% and 13% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively. Only 3% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  48% of households reported having at least one member who could not read or write.
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Drought  ( 56% ) , Eviction ( 17% )  and Lack of water ( not drought related )   ( 16% )
Four months into the crisis, only 1% of the firms surveyed said they had received some relief support, with another 1.5% expecting to receive relief over the next six months. Given the size of the shock, adjustments by firms alone might be insufficient to navigate the crisis: interventions to support businesses may be needed.
Those seeking to leave Al Shabaab controlled territories and those who have fled to government controlled areas are often subjected to retaliatory attacks. Information on the humanitarian situation in those areas, as well as in areas controlled by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant  ( ISIL ) , is difficult to verify.
While cases of COVID 19 have been on a downward trend for several weeks, given testing limitations, it is too early to predict how the pandemic will evolve in the coming months.
The fodder prices are increasing in Gedo compared to last week. This is due to seasonality and feeding of weak animals at homes since they cannot walk for long distance to look for water and pasture. For instance, the price of 1bundle of maize fodder in Doolow increased from $1.8 to $2.0  ( 11% )
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  22% of IDP settlement and 16% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  32% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 31%, 23%, 11% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes, 30 60minutes and 1 3hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. Only 3% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were: Actual conflict/ fear of conflict in community or surrounding area 35%, Fear of conflict in community 24%, Arrival of armed groups 13%.
Given Somalia's heavy dependency on market purchases throughout the year to access food, the proper functioning of markets is vital for the food security of Somali populations. For example, in Bay and Bakool in southern Somalia, poor households purchase 87 percent of their annual caloric needs from local markets  ( FSNAU Somalia, 2009 ) . Similarly, in the Addun pastoral livelihood zone, poor and very poor households cover 71 and 78 percent of their caloric needs, respectively, directly from market purchases  ( FSNAU Somalia, 2011 ) .
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 22% found to be extreme+ severe, 42% extreme and 36% severe.
Additional challenges include physical access constraints, with the lack of available commercial air and sea transport options thereby hampering the overall cost and accessibility of logistics services.
Through its Information Management services, the Logistics Cluster is also providing timely information on available logistics resources and access, ensuring the logistics gaps are captured in intersectoral discussions and access is mapped to support transport planning.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 8% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 45% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 73% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 52% for No or minimal and lowest was 7% for Extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 56% for No or minimal and lowest was 8% for Stress .
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of IDP settlement and non IDP settlement households respectively found with multi sectoral needs.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Five most commonly reported illnesses or injuries household members of IDP settlements had in the past two weeks prior to data collection were fever ( 4% ) , Diarrhoea  ( 5% ) , Cough with fast or difficult breathing  ( 0% ) , skin infections  ( 1% ) , eye infections  ( 0% ) .
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 66% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 33% ) .
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 is not prevalent in the area  ( 60% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 26% )
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  45% of Households of IDP settlements have not been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection while 35% of Households of IDP settlements have been able to access healthcare facilities in the six months prior to data collection.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  100% of IDP settlement and 50% of non IDP settlement households found with a nutrition Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  11% households reporting having at least one member facing discrimination due to age, disability, or heritage
Displacement: Flooding ( 34% ) , Conflict ( 20% ) , Drought ( 20% )  were most commonly reported primary reason for population leaving the settlement of origin.
Food Security and livelihoods: Most commonly reported strategies used to cope with lack of food in the settlement were limiting portion sizes ( 57% ) , Borrow food from others ( 49% ) , Reduce number of meals  ( 45% ) .
Food Security and livelihoods: 41% of the assessed settlements reported that it takes less than 30 minutes to reach the functional market by walking while 24% reported it takes 60 minutes to half a day to reach the functional market by walking.
IDPs often reside for protracted periods in these sites due to a lack of financial resources. Even if they have the means, IDPs normally do not build more durable shelters, mainly due to lack of long term land tenure and the threat of eviction. As such, many shelters need to be repaired, especially the roof and wall materials, while non food items such as blankets, sleeping mats, mosquito nets and jerrycans need to be replaced periodically.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 62% for stress and lowest was 0% for extreme+. Similarly highest percentage of households per Protection LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 45% for no or minimal and lowest was 0% for extreme.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  8% of households reported having experienced barriers in accessing aid in the 30 days prior to data collection. Among those households, the most commonly reported barriers were lack of information  ( 74% ) ,exclusion by camp managers/gatekeepers ( 1% ) , physically unable to access points of aid distribution  ( 25% ) .
Only 2 per cent of households across Somalia report availability of water and soap at latrines, while half of all households report its availability at home. In case of non availability of soap, people wash their hands with soap substitutes  ( 40 per cent ) , borrow cash or hygiene materials  ( 12 per cent )  or rely on humanitarian assistance. Only 45 per cent of households have access to menstrual hygiene management material at home or can access it through their local market.
[ PROTECTION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  74% and 77% of households of IDP settlements and Non IDP settlement reported no child friendly spaces in their community.
[ Displacement ]  Top three reported reasons for leaving previous location were Drought  (  70% ) , Lack of water ( not drought related )   ( 21% ) , eviction ( 11% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported coping mechanisms used to deal with limited availability of water by household of Non  IDP settlement were Rely on less preferred  ( unimproved/untreated )  water sources for drinking water  ( 18% ) , Rely on surface water for drinking water  ( 18% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  47% and 41% of Households IDP and non IDP settlements respectively reported education of their children had been disrupted as a result of the COVID 19 outbreak.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  79% of the household found with Shelter and Non food items ( SNFI )  living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 2% found to be very extremely severe, 31% extreme severe, 46% severe, 21% stress.
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  68% of the households found with nutrition living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 14% found to be extreme severe, 54% severe, 32% stress.
[ General household information ] Two most common behaviours adapted to prevent COVID 19 spreading, as reported by households Stopping handshakes or physical contact  ( 48% ) , Keeping distance from people  ( 42% )
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  31% of IDP settlement and 30% of non IDP settlement households found with a health Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  15% of the household found with health living Standard Gap  ( LSG ) . 3% found to be very extremely severe, 5% extreme severe, 7% severe, 5% stress, 80% no or minimal.
[ General household information ]  The most commonly reported reasons for not taking action on COVID 19 were COVID 19 was not prevalent in the area  ( 24% ) , not at high risk of getting COVID 19  ( 23% ) .
[ Displacement ]  63% of the households stated that the reason for coming to current location was no conflict, 46% of the households stated the availability of work/income opportunities was the reason for coming to current location where as 13% of the households stated that presence of food distribution/food aid was the main reason for coming to the current location.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] 99% of IDP settlement and 90% of non IDP settlement households found with a WASH Living Standard Gaps  ( LSG ) .
Agricultural production: In the Northwest, FSNAU  [ Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit ]  and the Somaliland Ministry of Agriculture and Development estimate total gu/karan cereal production, which was harvested in November/December, was 17,100 MT, or 58 percent below the 2010 2019 average. The final estimate confirms recent projections that the harvest performed more poorly than originally anticipated. Crop losses occurred due to erratic karan rainfall from July through September and widespread damage to maize and sorghum from the local desert locust and stalk borer infestations.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 31% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 30% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 83% ) .
Although June typically marks the end of the agropastoral and riverine lean season, the forecast of a below average gu rainfall season is expected to result in below average gu crop production and will place increased pressure on pastoral livelihoods during the secondary pastoral lean season, which occurs from July to September. Therefore, the magnitude and severity of food insecurity is expected to remain elevated during the June to September projection period.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported types of housing, land and property  ( HLP )  dispute reported by households were :Disputes about rent  ( including payment )   ( 3% ) , Rules and processes on HLP not clear  ( 4%  ) , Inheritance issues  ( 4% )
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Among households of IDP settlements with children, 23% household reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection while 15% household of non IDP settlements with children reported their child ( ren )  having been enrolled in a nutritional centre/therapeutic feeding centre in the 6 months prior to data collection.
[ CAPACITY GAP  ( CG )  ]  96% of households were found to have at least one WASH Living Standard Gap  ( LSG )  and/or a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) . Among 96%, 95% of households were found to have a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but no Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH, 1% of households were found to have both a WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  and a Capacity Gap  ( CG )  in WASH. 4% of households were found to have no WASH Living Standard Gaps ( LSG )  but a Capacity Gap  ( CG ) in WASH.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Proportion of households of non IDP settlements reporting not having sufficient water for the following purposes were Not enough water for cooking, bathing, washing, and other domestic uses ( 29% ) , Not enough water for domestic purposes only  ( 6% ) ,Not enough water for personal hygiene only  ( 74% ) .
[ PRE EXISTING VULNERABILITIES ]  80% households reporting not having any working household members
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of non  IDP settlement were Lack of sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  / facilities too crowded  ( 29% ) ,Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 20% ) .
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported barriers to accessing water were water points are too far  ( 14% ) , Water points are difficult to reach  ( especially for people with disabilities )   ( 14% ) , insufficient number of water points / waiting time at water points ( 10% ) .
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  Among the 100% households found to have an overall MSNI of 3 and above, this score was most commonly driven by extreme LSGs in WASH, Education and Nutrition  ( 9% ) , followed by WASH, Education, Nutrition, SNFI and Food security  ( 11% ) , or WASH , Education, SFNI, Nutrition and Health ( 6% )  .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The main drivers of health LSGs were found to be Households with at least one member who had been ill in the two weeks prior to data collection and it taking more than one hour to reach the nearest healthcare facility by foot  ( 1% )  ,Households with women of reproductive age  ( 15 49 years old )  who had given a life birth in the two years prior to data collection without having been attended by skilled health personnel  ( 4% )  , Households that do not have access to a functional healthcare facility within 1 hour walking distance  ( 4% ) .
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 66% for no or minimal and lowest was 6% for extreme. Similarly highest percentage of households per Health LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 68% for no or minimal and lowest was 3% for stress.
[ WATER, SANITATION & HYGIENE  ( WASH )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Most commonly reported problems related to accessing sanitation facilities by households of IDP settlement were Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are not functioning or full  ( 38% ) , Sanitation facilities  ( latrines/toilets )  are unclean/unhygienic  (  30% )
[ NUTRITION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  23% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility while 43% and 25% of the households of non IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest nutrition facility respectively. Only 2% of the households of non IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest nutrition facility.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Three most commonly reported reasons why children stopped attending school since the outbreak were Schools have closed  ( 83% ) , Lack transportation to schools due to COVID 19  ( 17% ) , Parents prefer that children stay home  ( 11% ) .
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  16% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest education facility while 8% and17% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest education facility respectively. 2% and 0% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes 1 3 hours and more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest education facility.
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ] The main drivers of shelter & NFI LSGs were found to be Households without access to a safe and healthy housing enclosure unit  ( 10% ) , Households whose shelter solutions do not meet agreed technical and performance standards  ( 47% ) , Households without access to vital household NFIs  ( 77% ) .
[ MUTLI SECTORAL NEEDS ]  100% of the households found with Multi sectoral needs. 26% found to be extreme+ severe, 34% extreme and 40% severe.
[ EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  The highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for IDP settlement was 92% for severe and lowest was 1% for stress. Similarly highest percentage of households per Education LSG severity score, per population group for Non IDP settlement was 79% for severe and lowest was 2% for stress.
[ HEALTH LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  33% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes less than 15 minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot while 40% and 18% of the households of IDP settlements reported it takes 15 30 minutes and 30 60minutes to reach to the nearest health facility by foot respectively. 4% reported to reach nearest health facility by foot in 1 3 hours. 2% of the households of IDP settlements reported that it takes more than 3 hours to reach to the nearest health facility by foot .
But last year election officials cancelled that plan, citing covid 19 and the insurgency of al Shabab.Instead they scheduled another indirect vote for February, the deadline set by the constitution for choosing a new president. But talks between the central government and regional leaders over how to conduct it collapsed. The opposition as well as leaders in Jubaland and Puntland, the two most powerful of Somalia's fve states  ( excluding the breakaway region of Somaliland ) , accuse the president of sabotaging the process in order to cling to ofce. “He cannot continue to act as president,' says Abdirahman Abdishakur, a former minister running against him for president.
Somalia's road network requires significant rehabilitation   about 90 percent of the primary roads require extensive rehabilitation: only 2,860 kilometers  ( 13 percent )  of the total 11,434 kilometers of roads are paved and those remaining are earthen or gravel, impeding road access to 42 districts.
Displacement patterns in Somalia remained highly volatile in 2020 as high levels of new and secondary displacements were recorded. There is evidence that IDPs' vulnerabilities have further heightened, reflected in the increased severity of needs across many sectors. Around 1.3 million people were displaced in Somalia in 2020. Of these, 242,000 new and secondary displacements occurred because of conflict and violence while more than 1 million displacements occurred because of natural disasters, particularly due to the Gu and Hagaa flooding, as well as drought and other interrelated causes.
[ Accountability to Affected Populations ]  Top three most commonly reported priority needs: Shelter  ( 61% ) , Food  ( 49% ) , Healthcare  ( 55% ) .
[ SHELTER & NON FOOD ITEMS  ( SNFI )  LIVING STANDARDS GAP  ( LSG )  ]  Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 34% ) , Ownership  ( 29% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 23% ) , rented  ( 11% ) . Similarly, Four most common types of occupancy status reported by households of non IDP settlements were: Hosted without rent  ( by family, friends, institution )   ( 18% ) , Ownership  ( 47% ) , No occupancy agreement / squatting  ( 7% ) , rented  ( 26% ) .
To help remedy the situation, the Risk Communication and Community Engagement  ( RCCE )  Task Force was embedded in the COVID 19 preparedness and response structure of Somalia to support the Government's COVID 19 response planning. It has delivered strategic guidance and a range of activities that have enabled partner organizations to deliver effectively on the ground.
Flash and riverine flooding in Somalia affected 1.6 million people, resulting in a further weakening of the resilience of farmers in particular, who rely solely on agricultural activities for their survival, and leaving many families with no other alternative than to migrate to already overpopulated cities and IDP sites in the hope of securing humanitarian assistance.
For HNO planning, the Food Security Cluster is using an average projection of 3.5 million Somalis facing Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  and Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  food security conditions through 2021, of which 67 per cent are non IDPs, the majority of whom are urban poor.
The presence of locusts in south Somalia had already devastated pasture resources and farms, including different types of crops. In parts of Bari region in Puntland, a renewed locust infestation was also reported, affecting both nomads and farmers.
In addition, radio spots highlighting COVID 19 prevention measures continued to be aired throughout Somalia reaching an estimated 10 million people. Besides radio spots, IEC materials for mass media engagement, social media channels were also used to convey similar messaging.
Authorities and partners reported that on 18 October, floods destroyed a culvert bridge on Warmaxan on the road between Afgooye and Wanla Weyn in Lower Shabelle region, stranding over 50 vehicles carrying commercial commodities.