nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
An estimated 182,000 or 14 per cent of this population group live in PoC sites, where they have received some level of humanitarian service, but they are unable to return to their homes due to security concerns or because their houses have been damaged or occupied due to long years of displacement.
Delays in the procurement and delivery of relief supplies have impacted the distribution of dry season livelihoods support for more than 18,100 households in Akobo East.
Sub cluster members are required to ensure that distribution of dignity kits and sanitary napkins be accompanied by enhanced cultural appropriateness awareness sessions to use these products appropriately.
While the humanitarian operation is well established in South Sudan, high staff turnover and new global guidance requires humanitarian organizations and clusters to constantly evolve and strengthen internal capacities. Adapting the response to the specific needs and capacities of particular groups or individuals – according to their age, gender, disability, vulnerability to particular protection concerns, or preference for particular modalities of assistance such as cash – often requires specialist knowledge and expertise. Similar capacity is needed when setting up tailored feedback and complaints mechanisms in affected communities.
 On December 15, 2013, clashes erupted between factions within the Government of the Republic of South Sudan  ( GoRSS )  in Juba and quickly spread into a protracted national conflict, prompting displacement and humanitarian needs
USAID/BHA also supports integrated community case management services in South Sudan, which deliver life saving curative interventions for common childhood illnesses, particularly where there is limited access to facility based services.
Access to education An estimated 2.4 million children were out of school in 2020
In Akobo WFP reached 74,205 beneficiaries with life saving food assistance, representing 100 percent of the February target.
Flooding continues to negatively impact WFP's efforts to deliver food commodities in IPC priority counties such as, in Ayok, Duk, and Twic East. WFP has continued to explore alternate options to preposition and deliver food for the rest of year. One of these alternate options includes WFP's operation to patch the dyke parallel to the Baidit Jalle Maibor road, drain the flood water from this region and subsequently rehabilitate the BorBaidit Jalle Mabior road axis. This operation is critical to allow WFP to preposition over 60,000 mt of commodities before the start of the rainy season, in April/May, and improve the connectivity between Jonglei and the rest of the country.
Recommendations: Ensure that the transmissibility of the virus in hot climate is integrated into ongoing messaging to counter the perception that the warm weather in South Sudan will prevent the spread of Coronavirus, Stress that Coronavirus is not a normal flu, although it may share symptoms with other disease that people are familiar with.
Humanitarian organizations have requested support from OCHA and the UN Mission in South Sudan to raise concerns regarding insecurity in Central Equatoria with senior government officials.
USAID/BHA non governmental organization  ( NGO )  sub partners Livewell, Save the Children Federation  ( SCF ) , United Networks for Health, and TADO began increasing mobile medical services and bolstering primary health care unit staffing in Pibor, Tonj East, and Tonj South in early March. Moreover, humanitarian partners have scaled up programs for humanitarian protection in severely affected areas in recent weeks, initiating gender based violence  ( GBV )  prevention and risk mitigation activities in Pibor, reaching more than 3,800 children with psychosocial support, case management, and risk mitigation messaging in Akobo, and establishing women  and girl friendly spaces in Tonj North and Tonj South.
• In Naivasha IDP site IOM camp management continued to ensure coordinated, inclusive and timely service provision after the transition of the PoC site to formal IDP site. Working towards the local capacity building component of the transition workplan, IOM conducted 3 days camp administration training for government counterparts including RRC, SSNPS and municipal Council in addition to local NGOs and several community representatives.
In January over 250,000 IDPs were reached by 5 CCCM Cluster partners who responded in various IDP sites and displacement locations where they provided IDPs with CCCM services including coordination of service provision, site care and maintenance, safety audits, communication and community engagement, COVID 19 preventive awareness rasing, leadership training, and monitoring service provisions inside the IDP/PoC sites.
Although, there are locally available shelter materials such as grass, poles, and sticks from the bushes, the water levels are high hence challenging to physically access them.
According to UNOCHA, a coordinated humanitarian response scale up in the most affected states of Jonglei, Lakes and Unity was initiated to respond to the increased needs of people affected and displaced by the floodwaters.
South Sudan has significant alluvial gold deposits. These are concentrated mainly in Central and Eastern Equatoria, although there is also gold mining activity in Western Bahr el Ghazal, Western Equatoria and Upper Nile. Unlike oil, alluvial gold deposits are relatively easy to exploit, with almost no capital or specialist equipment required. Gold has become more significant to the conflict economy in recent years. It could, however, also become an important source of public resources and local livelihoods. Gold mining in South Sudan is regulated by the Mining Act, 2012, which provides for a number of license categories, from prospecting to production, at various scales.
In addition, South Sudan has created two special committees to oversee critical economic and PFM reforms in response to COVID 19. On 17 April 2020, the South Sudan Minister of Finance released an order for the forma9on of a PFM oversight committee to implement the recommenda9on of the IMF. This ministerial committees order was intended to provide for the formation of PFM structures as follows: PFM oversight committee, PFM technical committee and the PFM secretariat. In addi9on, authorities have set up a technical committee to develop urgent alternative strategic sources of non  oil revenue to supplement the gap being created by dwindling global oil prices. At the same time, authorities are looking to explore the poten9al for trade in Gum Arabic, Gold, Sesame, Honey, and Diamond among other minerals as alterna9ve sources of export revenue.
UNICEF supported the registration and writing of exams for 315 candidate children  ( 121 girls and 194 boys )  who had missed the Primary 8 examinations due to insecurity through the transportation of examinations to the former South Sudan People's Liberation Movement in Opposition  ( SPLM IO )  areas in Upper Nile and Jonglei State. In addition, during the reporting period 134 schools and examination centres were provided with handwashing facilities, in Lakes state and Abyei Administrative Area. Furthermore, UNICEF in collaboration with Education Cluster partners is supporting the Ministry of Education and General Instruction to prepare for the Senior 4 national examinations taking place from 22 March 2021.
During the reporting period UNICEF and Education Cluster partners supported the national examinations for Primary 8 learners across the country. Approximately 23,045 Primary 8 candidates  ( 9,671 girls and 13,374 boys )  were supported to attend the examinations. The support provided included transportation of examination question papers, and the provision of transport for candidates and government officials in remote locations.
During the reporting month, the WASH programme provided critical life saving support to vulnerable and at risk populations through the provision of access to safe water, basic sanitation and hygiene services to individuals in former protection of civilian  ( POC )  sites, host communities and internally displaced persons  ( IDPs )  in collective sites. As a result, a total of 135,678 individuals have so far been provided with access to safe drinking water through the rehabilitation of non functional water facilities in communities, schools and health care facilities. UNICEF also continued to provide support for the operation and maintenance of water yards, surface water treatment  ( SWAT )  systems and urban water systems.
Nearly half of households  ( 46% )  reported that they had not been able to buy their main staple food at some point in time since containment measures were put in place. As shown in Table 5, however, the most common reason cited for their inability to buy their main staple food did not relate to closure of markets. Rather, it was due to a lack of money  ( 44% ) , consistent with the high initial poverty level and further loss of income during the crisis. The second most prevalent reason for not being able to purchase staple food was an unaffordable increase in price, with rather similar experiences across the country.
3rd Feb, 20201  The Chairman for the National Taskforce on COVID 19 annouced new COVID 19 restrictions that will remain in place until 3 March
For COVID 19 prevention UNICEF supports training of facility and community based health workers, triage and screening points/areas in all supported health facilities for recognition and referral of suspected COVID 19 cases as well as infection prevention and control measures. Distribution of COVID 19 information education and communication  ( IEC )  materials, specifically home based care posters and brochures, was conducted in UNICEF supported health facilities during the reporting month. In addition, UNICEF distributed ORS and paracetamol to further enhance the management of mild to moderate COVID 19 cases isolated at home.
# of pupils receiving a meal in school in Equatoria region: Yes   25%, No   75%
Regular nutrition screening and treatment is ongoing at 10 static nutrition sites. Sufficient nutrition supplies were pre positioned in 10 static nutrition centres.
The food security situation in South Sudan was alarming even before the onset of the pandemic, and has remained dire. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization  ( FAO )  noted that more than half the population was facing severe acute food insecurity in February 2020.
Activities in Juba, where lockdown measures were reportedly most consistently applied, seem to have been particularly affected, with higher loss of activity among market traders  ( 31% ) , and more businesses considering closing  ( 52% )  and having competitors who closed  ( 58% ) . Foreign owned businesses  ( 42% ) , and micro businesses  ( 39% )  are also more likely to have considered closing, while few NGOs  ( 10% )  have considered ending operations.
Origin of returnees ; 67% returnees arrived from within South Sudan and 33% returnees who arrived from abroad.  ( Computed using IOM's Data Tracking Matrix, 2020 )
Government announced to open schools but students back to school without masks and no social distancing.
Private sector credit decelerated following COVID 19 containment restrictions but has since recovered to its low pre COVID 19 levels. Credit conditions are dire and private sector credit growth weakened further in the first half of 2020 as COVID 19 led to near shutdown of formal economic activity in Juba and major towns.
Aside from oil, South Sudan has immense potential for the exploitation of a number of minerals including: iron, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, and gold, among others. Yet, since the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement  ( CPA )  and the establishment of the regional government of Southern Sudan in 2005, South Sudan's mineral resources have remained almost completely untapped.14 Much of the ongoing activity in the mining sector is informal and of an artisanal nature. Consequently, trade in minerals is almost entirely unregulated and there is no effective legal framework to regulate the export of South Sudanese minerals. Few export certificates have been issued and mineral exports are not recorded. While also partly the consequence of limited state capacity, all of South Sudan's non oil mineral exports are therefore, in principle, illegal. However, it was reported in mid 2019 that the government of the Republic of South Sudan signed mineral exploration deals with Canadian and U.S firms.
A lower sulfur cap for global maritime shipping fuels helped push South Sudan oil into premium category, potentially averting a worse crisis. The International Marine Organization enforced a new 0.5% global sulfur cap on bunker fuels from January 1, 2020, lower from the present 3.5% limit. With the lower sulfur fuel emission standards, demand has skyrocketed for crudes that can yield heavy marine fuel in as few processing steps as possible. South Sudanese Nile and Dar Blend crudes for instance, have low sulfur content and high fuel oil yield, which suddenly pushed them into the spotlight amongst Asian crude traders. Consequently, price differentials for South Sudan's Dar Blend crude grade flipped into premiums in the first half of the year, helping South Sudan achieve a relatively high weighted average price in FY20.
Overcrowding of IDPs are posing high risk of COVID 19 infection.
A total of 188 triages for COVID 19 screening  ( 98.4 per cent of the target )  were set up in Provision of Essential Health Services Project  ( PEHSP )  facilities and a total of 1,276 health facility staff have been trained on COVID 19 screening and triage  ( 108 per cent of the target ) . To enhance standard IPC practices in health facilities, 1,470 health care workers  ( 111 per cent of the target ) , have been trained on basic IPC/WASH in health facilities, packages of personal protective equipment  ( PPE )  and IPC/WASH were supplies distributed in all 191 PEHSP health facilities and 1,690 Boma health workers  ( BHWs )  were trained on community COVID 19 BHW training package  ( 92 per cent of the target ) . The Boma Health Workers training package includes maintaining community health services, hygiene promotion and community surveillance/alert reporting.
The latest numbers show that more than 986,000 people have been affected by flooding in areas along the White Nile River since July 2020. Jonglei state is the most affected  ( 490,000 people ) , followed by Lakes  ( 147,000 people ) , Unity  ( 101,000 ) , Upper Nile  ( 76,000 ) , Warrap  ( 60,000 ) , Western Equatoria  ( 60,000 ) , Central Equatoria  ( 40,000 )  and Northern Bahr el Ghazal state  ( 15,000 ) . The reporting period was also marked by reports of localized disease outbreaks, mainly vaccinederived polio virus and an increase in measles cases.
Most schools were not in operation in Central Equatoria.
A majority of the schools assessed were in rural areas  ( 81.9% )  while the rest  ( 18.1% )  were located in urban areas.
In collaboration with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management  ( MHADM ) , IOM organized a one day floods early warning system workshop in Juba, attended by numerous line ministries. The workshop also brought together disaster readiness experts and data scientists to discuss how data collection and sharing methodologies can improve governmental disaster management efforts, humanitarian responses, and rates of individual survival and prosperity. In Wau, IOM is conducting a housing, land, and property  ( HLP )  mapping in 15 villages.
A total of 13,079 individuals received MHPSS services in Wau, Malakal, and Bentiu in September. To commemorate World Suicide Prevention Day on 10 September, MHPSS teams carried out various awareness raising and suicide prevention activities at all field locations, engaging communities and MHPSS stakeholders. This included support group discussions with diverse gender and age groups to address risk factors and facilitate peer to peer support for suicide prevention. Radio talk shows and virtual round table discussions were also held to mobilize joint action to prevent suicide and provide support to those at increased risk.
Diaspora remittances. Diaspora remittances are an important source of foreign exchange and funds for household consumption. Remittances accounted for about 27% of GDP in 2019, placing South Sudan among the most reliant on these flows.
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To the international community: Encourage humanitarian and development stakeholders to strengthen their protection related activities, particularly by reinforcing the capacity of national and local authorities to prevent armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.
Integrated Disease surveillance and response  ( IDSR )  timeliness & completeness performance at county level for week 8 of 2021 was highest in Western Equatoria State  ( timeliness %: 100% and completeness %: 100% )  and lowest was in Warrap State  ( timeliness %: 37% and completeness %: 51% )
( UNMISS and OHCHR make the following recommendations  )  To community based militias: • Urge the leaders of Dinka, Nuer and Murle community based militias to respect human rights, as well as immediately release all women and children abducted during armed violence in Jonglei and GPAA.
In week 8 of 2021, the highest cases was recorded in Central Equatoria state (  95.3% ) .
The key drivers of food insecurity included the restrictions put in place to reduce the spread of COVID 19 which negatively impacted the movement of goods and people to and from the State. Furthermore, crops were affected by pests as well as climatic shocks including a long dry spell and subsequent flooding that also inundated shelters and displaced households.
The key drivers of food insecurity were the combined effects of high food prices, insecurity events and devastating floods that affected farming activities mainly in Awerial, Rumbek East and Yirol East counties.
The slight improvement in the food security situation is attributed to availability of harvests and other seasonal improvements such as availability of some milk, fish, and wild foods. However, with the onset of the dry season, there is a likelihood of intercommunal conflicts and associated insecurity which will limit dry season movements to access food sources and market areas in the affected areas.
The deterioration is because of the depletion of harvested food stocks, high food prices and reduced household purchasing power because of the anticipated continuation of the local currency's devaluation. However, availability of agricultural labour opportunities will provide some income for poorer households to access food.
During this period, an estimated 82,000 people  ( 9.0% of the population )  are likely to face Crisis  ( IPC phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 80,000 people will likely be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 2,000 people will likely be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity.
The general security situation remains fragile, with security concerns across the country due to subnational conflicts. In October, cycles of localized violence continued in Lakes State, with numerous security incidents reported, particularly in Rumbek Centre County in a continuation of protracted conflict over access to resources and land. On 19 October, clashes broke out in Kangi payam of Jur River, in Western Bahr el Ghazal State. In Unity, fighting erupted in Mayom County.
The South Sudanese Pound  ( SSP )  continued to lose its value against the US dollar, dropping by 20 percent between 13 and 14 October 2020.
Furthermore, households whose farming activities were affected by flooding and dry spells are expected to run out of their cereal stocks earlier in the projection period, resulting in a deterioration of their food security situation. However, availability of fish will counter some of the resultant food gaps.
According to the IPC AMN projection analysis, seasonal deterioration of acute malnutrition situation is expected during the lean season due to increased morbidity, high food insecurity and poor infant and young child feeding practices.
The WFP South Sudan fleet has had a very busy year especially during the rainy season. The rainy season deteriorates road infrastructure and causes some roads to completely close. WFP relies on its own fleet for delivery of food to areas that have bad road conditions, are remote and insecure, and where commercial transporters hesitate to deliver. The WFP fleet consist of 196 cargo trucks and 11 All Terrain Vehicles that deliver to over 3,000 destinations across the country.
Logistics Cluster : 36% that is 84m required, 30m funded, 54m unmet.  [ 2020 HRP FUNDING  ( end September 2020 )  ]
2020 HRP Funding  ( end September 2020 )   $1.9B required where $704m funded, $1.2B unmet that is 37% funded.
The Logistics Cluster and WHO, as co leads of the Operational Support and Logistics Pillar of the National Response Plan on COVID 19, continue to manage the Personal Protective Equipment  ( PPE )  Common Request System. The Logistics Cluster is consolidating requests on a weekly basis for the inter agency technical team, who reviews and allocates the COVID 19 PPE commodities for onward cargo transportation. As of 31 October, 217 requests have been approved, allocating a total of more than 2.5 million PPE items from the common pool to be received in more than 250 locations across South Sudan.
Raiding cattle was one of the objectives of the community based militias and explains in part the sequence and direction of the attacks. Local experts estimate that over 86,000 cattle  ( worth at least USD 30 million )  were stolen by the Dinka and Nuer during the reporting period.
In October to November 2020, an estimated 655,000 people  ( 55.6% of the population )  faced Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or worse acute food insecurity, of which 447,000 people were in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity, and 208,000 people were in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity. During this period, Cueibet, Rumbek Center, Rumbek East and Yirol East counties were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas Awerial, Rumbek North, Wulu and Yirol West counties were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
During this period, Panyikang, Ulang, Nasir, Maiwut and Manyo counties were classified in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity, whereas the rest were classified in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity. In Panyikang County, food insecurity was driven by reduced incomes, high food prices, lack of markets and low livestock holdings that affected access to milk.
Pibor County, which would normally see a seasonal improvement with the return of livestock to the homesteads, is expected to further deteriorate as very few animals will return because of the considerable earlier losses, the anticipated continuation of conflict, the reduced availability of wild animals and fish, the economic crisis, high food prices, and the reduction of commercial and humanitarian supplies because of the onset of the rains and the likely effects of COVID 19 measures. All eleven counites will likely see a further deterioration in food insecurity during this second projection period.
While the IPC provides a comprehensive basis for understanding food security, there is a need to complement this with a unified country wide MSNA of needs to inform the planning, implementation and coordination of humanitarian programs across the country.
South Sudan remains one of the most challenging service delivery environments in the world as agencies continue to operate in a context of limited access, persistent insecurity including deliberate targeting of humanitarian assets and a constant threat to the security of staff.
This year's floods were more intense than 2019 due to the high water levels in Lakes Victoria and Albert moving through the River Nile and with above average rainfall experienced in most parts of the country and in neighbouring Ethiopia.
In 2021, more than 654,800 people are estimated to be at risk of injury or death from of landmines and ERW. Counties with the highest level of recorded contamination are Juba, Lainya, Magwi, Morobo, Mundri East, Terekeka, Torit, and Yei in the Equatorias, Akobo and Canal Pigi in Jonglei as well as Maban, Upper Nile
The Protection cluster will continue to work with communities to identify and strengthen the resilience of affected people, and to build capacity of local organizations, including civil society organizations and national NGOs, to understand, adhere to, and report on violations of International Humanitarian Law  ( IHL )  and International Human Rights Law  ( IHRL ) .
The Protection Cluster remains committed to the unified statement on the centrality of protection in humanitarian action and the Human Rights Up Front initiative. The cluster remains committed to focusing on alleviating human suffering and protecting the lives and dignity of people in need by providing strategic direction, that is consistent with the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, International Human Rights Law  ( IHRL )  and the broader framework for international humanitarian action, ensuring respect of human rights
In Upper Nile, diagnostic capacity is poor and there are significant pockets of kala azar disease. Snakebites pose a risk during the rainy season, and timely treatment is crucial.
The PoE TWG  ( Technical Working Group )  conducted the final joint supportive supervision visits to the Maban refugee camp to visit four screening sites, namely Shatta, Khortumbak PoE, Elfoj/Kaya, and Ofrah. The purpose of the visits was to ensure that the screening sites comply with the recommendations presented and guidelines stipulated in the COVID 19 Standard Operating Procedures, provide onsite support to implementing teams, and better understand the challenges.
A total of 9 counties that were previously classified as IPC AMN  ( Acute Malnutrition )  Phase 3  ( Serious )  during the previous lean season will deteriorate into a worse phase in the coming 2021 projection period.
With the planned levels of HFA, 0.3% of the population  ( about 31,000 people )  will likely be in Catastrophe  ( IPC Phase 5 )  acute food insecurity in Akobo County in Jonglei State, Aweil South County in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State, and Tonj North County in Warrap State; 20.5% of the population  ( about 2.47 million people )  will be in Emergency  ( IPC Phase 4 )  acute food insecurity; and 39.3% of the population  ( about 4.74 million people )  will be in Crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  acute food insecurity.
As of 12 March 2021, Logistics has dispatched 64,753mt of assorted food commodities over Land, River and Air across South Sudan.
27 December 2020   277 new COVID 19 cases confirmed out of 9,978 tests conducted, bringing the total to 3,511 confirmed cases.
IOM handed over screening at Amiet  ( Abyei ) , Wunthou  ( Renk )  and Juba International Airport PoEs to the Ministry of Health on 31 December 2020.
The RRC director in Tonj South reported some 30,000 people displaced from Tonj North, currently sheltering in several locations in Tonj South including Thiet, Wanhalel and Tonj Town. The RRC has estimated that there are more than 50,000 people displaced in Tonj South.
Nutrition services continue in most of the nutrition centres in Tonj North, but with limited capacity and resources. Nutrition Cluster partners in Tonj North provided nutritional assistance to 1,230 under five children and 1,052 pregnant and lactating women through 13 static nutritional facilities and 1 stabilization centre.
Four of nine payams in Tonj North have limited access due to insecurity. Violence and displacement have significantly affected access of people to health services, particularly the displaced families in hard to reach areas, as well as resupply of facilities and pre positioning efforts ahead of the rainy season
Based on the IPC projections for December to March 2021, an estimated 141,000 people are facing crisis  ( IPC Phase 3 )  or higher levels of food insecurity  ( or 55 per cent of the population of Tonj North County )  with an estimated 26,000 people likely face catastrophe levels of acute food insecurity  ( IPC Phase 5 )  in Tonj North County between December and March.
Regional Refugee Coordination Office  ( RRC )  and Relief, Rehabilitation and Protection  ( RRP )   )  to continue engaging in a smooth transition of camp administration roles and responsibilities, ACTED to continue to make RRC familiar with the overview and management of Juba IDP camps and RRC to provide feedback on the questions and concerns raised by the community.
In line with the 2021 Logistics Cluster Efficiencies and Preposition Strategy, the Logistics Cluster conducted two field mission to Panyijar county and Bentiu to ensure pre positioning strategies are in place and to assess the possibility of expanding river operations to Unity State.
In December 2020, mobile connection has been restored in Baliet county which significantly improved access to information by IDPs in Melut.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
In Jonglei, in the country's east, alarming and escalating intercommunal fighting erupted in 2020. Intra Dinka fighting in Warrap and Lakes states has also reached fever pitch, with hundreds killed each year and local militias so well armed they can go toe to toe with the military
WASH Cluster partners are working closely with the Logistics Cluster to ensure the timely delivery of WASH items via land routes to Akobo East and West and pre positioning ahead of rainy season. Funding for critical WASH interventions remains a significant challenge.
One cluster member completed the construction of a women and girl friendly space in Akobo. Protection partners conducted trainings to support community based protection structures, facilitating identification and referral for protection concerns; a total of 217 individuals  ( 112 female and 104 male )  were trained, including 20 protection focal points. Partners provided individual protection assistance for 885 people through cash grants  ( 285 female; 115 male )  and in kind assistance  ( 384 female, and101 male ) .
GBV partners in Pibor received 800 dignity kits, of which 400 were distributed in Pibor and Gumuruk. In Pibor County, over 34,000 individuals  ( 336 girls, 210 boys, 23,840 women, and 11,600 men )  were reached with protection awareness raising and prevention messaging.
South Sudanese and external actors will need to manage a delicate and combustible pre election period, taking care neither to rush the country into a vote, if elections look likely to trigger major conflict, nor to let the process stall indefinitely and thus create renewed flashpoints between the incumbent president and an embittered opposition.
To bolster the ceasefire, the authorities and civil actors, especially religious leaders, who frequently mediate peace at the grassroots, should also call for and develop local political settlements to calm down other hotspots and stop various conflicts from splintering into new disputes.
Preposition malaria testing kits, malaria treatment and acute diarhooea medicines.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  provided technical assistance to the Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare on a proposed affirmative action bill that, once adopted, would reaffirm the legal requirements for the signatories to the Agreement to include women at all levels and in all structures of government.
There is an immediate need for NFI provision targeting displaced communities. Due to limitations of NFIs at the existing markets, direct NFI kits distribution is the most required for IDPs in three camps. Priority items include mosquito nets, plastic sheets, blankets and solar lamps.  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ]
Five children  ( two boys and three girls )  were verified as victims of abduction; four girls as survivors of rape; one boy was injured and another was a victim of recruitment and use. Children were most affected in Unity  ( four girls )  and Western Bahr el Ghazal  ( two boys and two girls ) , Central Equatoria  ( one girl ) , Upper Nile  ( one boy )  and Warrap  ( one boy ) .
In January, pursuant to the National Salvation Front  ( NAS )  unilateral communiqué issued by Thomas Cirillo in September 2020, United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS )  delivered three remote training programmes on conflict related sexual violence to four senior NAS officials, including the group's designated high level focal point on conflict related sexual violence, to enable them to disseminate knowledge among the NAS leadership and field commanders.
Decreasing levels of humanitarian services in Melut, tensions with host communities, and restrictions in undertaking livelihood activities are important contributing push factors for IDPs' decision to return. The concerns arising from communities who wish to return to Khorfulus and Atar should take high priority, considering no support was provided to them during the last return exercise.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Distribution of WASH NFI, hygiene and MHM  ( menstrual hygiene management )  kits distribution.  [ IRNA Report:  [ Melut IDP settlements, Upper Nile ] ,  [ 12 13 January 2021 ] |
Most schools in Fangak County are currently flooded such as Wangchot, Wanglel, Kuemduok, Wangmok and some which are not yet flooded have been occupied by the flood affected communities for instance Chotbora and Nyatuat primary schools.
Items recommended for immediate distributions include: • Blankets • Solar light/Lamps  ( Protection cluster ) . • Mosquito Nets • Sleeping Mats and tarpaulins • Cooking sets • Plastic sheets. • Nylon Ropes.
Old Fanagak and all the villages; RECOMMENDATIONS ; Provision of hand washing facilities and excavation of waste pits at the IDP and overcrowd settlement areas
Majority of U5 years  (  Under 5 years )  observed to be relatively healthy while four children  ( male )  were observed to be in acutely malnourished conditions. One aged 18 months could not even stand on their feet, still crawling looked very short for the age  ( suspected stunting ) , exhibited apathy, looked pale, with curly brown hair illustrating ill health.
FSL PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Immediate provision of assorted livelihood kits with much attention to fishing kits due to availability of fish and vegetable seeds for planting in the displaced areas where there are raised grounds or highlands both far and nearby displaced settlements.
Most of the households around Old Fangak are beneficiaries of NPA/WFP general food distribution GFD but the most of household responded that they received food since last year September 2020 and as such they no longer have any food stocks.
The communities are seriously facing hunger due to lack of food. This year they did not harvest any crop though some cultivated sorghum and maize but the floods rendered their crops a complete right off.
A significant proportion of IDPs are living with host communities, straining both communities' ability to cope.
Around 1.4 million South Sudanese children under age 5 and another 483,000 pregnant and lactating women are expected to be acutely malnourished in 2021. This is the highest number in three years and related to increased food insecurity and the decrease in coverage and uptake of nutrition services due to conflict, flooding and impacts of COVID 19.
The first round OCV ( Oral Cholera Campaign )  campaign by Health Cluster began on 16 January 2021 in Pibor where 93 250 individuals were targeted.
Old Fanagak and all the villages; RECOMMENDATIONS ; Conducting and monitoring water quality especially bacteriological and physical test
The rainy season, which starts in April and continues until October / November – although flood waters were reported in some parts of the country until December – is a key seasonal factor reducing mobility in South Sudan by affecting road conditions. This contributed to keeping cross border mobility with Sudan and the Central African Republic below its baseline level until the last quarter of 2020.
In addition, UNMISS advocated for the release of abducted women and children, considered by local stakeholders as a driver of the violence. During a visit to Pieri in March, UNMISS urged a Nuer prophet and white army leaders to return Murle women and children abducted during the February attack on Likuangole. As a result, on 24 March 2020, nine abductees  ( four women and five children )  were handed over to the SPLA IO/RM commissioner of Pieri county.
In many parts of the country, protection monitoring reports indicate that in many instances the police or governmental security forces contributed to the human rights violations towards particular ethnic or social groups.
According to the RRC, the violence displaced an estimated 117,000 people, as of 20 February, and led to the early migration of cattle keepers to Gogrial county in Warrap and Jur River in Western Bahr El Ghazal.  (  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
United Nations Mission in South Sudan  ( UNMISS ) continued to support broader protection activities through quickimpact projects. A total of 41 projects with an overall budget of $2 million were approved by the Mission, with 80 per cent of funding released as at 20 January 2021.
South Sudan ranks fourth highest globally on the 2021 INFORM Index for Risk Management, after Somalia, Afghanistan and Yemen. The top five factors contributing to South Sudan's high risk are high intensity of violent conflict, low ranking on the Human Development Index and the Multidimensional Poverty Index, and high economic dependency on humanitarian and development aid and on remittances.
In Juba County  ( Juba PoC1 ) , the size of the population was 6,880 and Average daily flow in/out was 283/315. Approx. % travel overnight was unknown. Approx. % travel out of county for overnight travel was unknown. There was Congregation restrictions. There was Temperature screening and Hand washing stations. There was risk communication. As of 5 June 2020, 2 COVID 19 cases confirmed in UNMISS Juba PoC 1.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
In Rubkona County  ( Bentiu PoC ) , the size of the population was 111,766 and there was no Movement restrictions within and in/ out of the site. The average daily flow in/out was 12,694/12,878. Approximately 47% travel overnight. Approximately 73% travel out of county for overnight travel. There were Congregation restrictions. There was no Temperature screening. There were Hand washing stations. There was risk communication. Three confirmed cases. UNMISS reduced its presence in the PoC to critical issues only. Movement of IDPs in & out the PoC continues as usual.  [ Mobility Update Week 11  ( 1 14 June 2020 )  ]
HEALTH PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Supplies of basic medicinal drugs, first aid kits and intravenous fluids to carve the increasing infection
HEALTH PRIORITY NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : Veterinary intervention with vaccination and treatment of cattle and domestic animals
The Protection cluster has established one women and girls' friendly space  ( WGFS )  in Tonj South.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
The South Sudan Humanitarian Fund  ( SSHF )  allocated $13 million through a Reserve Allocation  ( RA )  with consultations initiating December 2020 which identified the frontline and core pipeline needs, with the majority of funds been allocated in February 2021. The RA represents only 19 per cent of the funding needed. Further funding has not been secured.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
HRD's investigation established that at least 686 women and children were abducted during the three phases of violence. Among them were 239 boys and 219 girls. The coalition of Dinka and Nuer community based militias accounted for 93 per cent  ( 638 )  of these abductions while the remaining 7 per cent  ( 48 )  were attributed to Murle groups.
On 5 February  ( 2021 ) , a humanitarian food convoy travelling in Tonj South was attacked by armed youth in Wunlit Payam, Goglial County. Personal items were stolen and no one was harmed.
The people of South Sudan witnessed an important political development in the peace process with the formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity in February 2020. All state and county positions have since been allocated, and governors for nine of the ten states and chief administrators of the three administrative areas have been appointed, with only the appointment of the governor of oil rich Upper Nile State pending. The ceasefire has been holding in many parts of the country since the signing of the revitalized peace agreement in 2018
Over half of all girls  ( 51.5 per cent )  are married or in union before the age of 18 years, and conflict fuelled poverty and food insecurity are now considered to be the most common reasons for families to marry off their young daughters.
Deployment of RRM  ( Rapid Response Mechanism  )  Protection Teams to beef up the response capacity of partners on the ground.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
In January  (  2021 ) , the FSL Cluster reached 13,800 people  ( 100 per cent of the target for the month )  with emergency food assistance in Aweil South
Replenishment of WASH core pipeline supplies including hand pump spare parts and sanitation slabs.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Since January  ( 2021 ) , three joint monitoring field visits were conducted in Bilkey, Dengjok and Nyandit payams. The mission was unable to each Alali payam due to lack of physical access by either river or road.
406 incoming persons 3.6 average group size 322 outgoing persons 3.6 average group size from South Sudan to Central African Republic  ( January 2021 )
The Health Cluster reported that four partners are implementing health activities in Akobo County, running eight static health facilities and four mobile health outreach services. Since January  (  2021 ) , over 23,846 people have been reached with health services. A total of 45 people were trained in community based surveillance to enhance reporting and alerts.
FSL partners were forced to deliver food in Verteth by using more expensive air modalities. Verteth can only be reached by motorbike while Boma, Labrab and Marua Hill areas can only be reachable by air.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Since December 2020, physical access has constrained the response scale up in GPAA. As a result, tracing of nutrition programme beneficiaries has been limited and programme costs have risen sharply due to increased transportation costs.  ( Situation Report No. 3, as of 26 February 2021 )
Tracking and mitigation of rumors and misconceptions related to COVID 19 was strengthened and is ongoing through regular and proactive  ( two way )  communication with at risk and/or affected communities through the online tracking tool, social media, a call center and community outreach interventions. A total of 557 rumors were registered through the online tracking tool and state reports
During the reporting year UNICEF and partners joined WFP on 11 integrated rapid response missions conducted in Pading  ( two missions ) , Palouny, Pagak, Jekow, Maruwa, Pakwa, Nyilwal, Tonga, Atar 3 and Pigi, reaching 94,132 individuals, including 11,405 children under the age of five.
UNICEF continued to work with other multiple sectors and supported UNICEF led clusters to strengthen GBV risk mitigation efforts and its integrated into the cluster priorities
Lack of shelter/ NFIs materials such as plastic sheets, sleeping mats, cooking utensils, jerry cans, blankets and mosquito nets.
 Available health facility, congested  (  Padiet PHCU ) .  Malaria and Snake bites reported.  Lack of nearest health facility in Panom Panaru and Along Cannel population sites.
In particular, WFP expanded the USAID/BHA funded urban COVID 19 response program to include vulnerable populations in Jonglei and Unity, in addition to those in the capital city of Juba, Central Equatoria.
Insecurity due to communal conflict also affected Covid 19 activities in the field.
Some WASH activities are also reported affected due to the floods.
Partners should advocate with donors and the development actors to consider longer term and more sustainable solutions to mitigate against the impact of future flooding
In total, the Protection Cluster reached 105,778 people with protection response against target of 374,124 people.
UNICEF continues to participate in the inter agency protection of sexual exploitation and abuse  ( PSEA )  task force, which functions under the auspices of the Special Representative of the Secretary General  ( SRSG ) /Resident Coordinator  ( RC ) /Humanitarian Coordinator  ( HC ) , and plays an active role to advocate for better protection of children against sextual exploitation and abuse  ( SEA ) .
2 new probable cases validated in Lolanga Mampoko who died on the 24 July and 8 Aug.  [ Highlights from past 21 days  ( 20 30 Oct )  ]
Age group less than 15 years had the most cases with  ( 75% )  cases.  ( HEPATITIS E IN BENTIU POC  )
As of January 2021, the number of people in need of food assistance increased from 830,000 to 906,304 people. The number of people also in need of livelihood support increased from 370,824 to 371,000 people.
In 2020, the people in Jonglei and GPAA were first affected by four waves of large scale, organized violence during the dry season in the first half of the year.
To date, a total of 415 villages with 200,242 people have been reported to have achieved ODF status. A total of 344,764 people have been reached with key hygiene promotion messages, in addition a total of 371,721 individuals have benefited from the distribution of core pipeline supplies and WASH NFIs including jerry cans, buckets, soap and water treatment chemicals by UNICEF.
During the reporting period, UNICEF and partners reached 1,454 children  ( 847 boys and 607 girls )  with psycho social support activities in child friendly spaces, schools and communities in Jonglei, Upper Nile Central, Eastern and Western Equatoria, raising the total to 93,884 children reached since January 2020.
The CERF  ( Central Emergency Response Fund )  also financed community based initiatives aimed at reducing the impact of floods on communities, such as repairing broken dikes.
Additionally, USAID/BHA partner IOM supports fellow humanitarian partners' responses across South Sudan by procuring, storing, and transporting critical relief supplies, including emergency shelter and WASH commodities.
With more than $43.2 million in FY 2020 funding, USAID/BHA reached nearly 2.5 million people including more than 325,200 IDPs with life saving nutrition services.
USAID/BHA supports partners in their efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition across South Sudan. In partnership with the UN Children's Fund  ( UNICEF ) , WFP, and NGOs, USAID/BHA nutrition assistance reaches children and pregnant and lactating women nationwide with specialized food products to treat malnutrition and provide supportive supervision to frontline health nutrition staff.
• Health cluster partners have reached 56,754 people out of 617,000 largely due to extremely limited resources available.
The South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan for 2020 is funded at some 56 per cent of the total ask of US$1.9 billion, as of 18 December 2020.
The necessary measures to prevent and mitigate the onward spread of the COVID 19 virus led to additional restrictions in 2020
Active hostilities and violence against personnel continued to impact humanitarian operations, with 245 aid workers relocated in 26 incidents from multiple locations across the country. Some 70 per cent of relocations took place in Jonglei, halting essential activities for communities in need, many of which were facilitated through OCHA.
253,000 people in need of the WASH response in the six counties.Needs include hygiene promotion, distribution of famine prevention kit items including 20 litre bucket, 20 litre jerry can, water purifiers  ( aquatabs, PuR sachets, filter clothes )  and soaps, and rehabilitation of water sources.