nlp-thedeep/humsetbias huggingface dataset:
[ 31st Jul 2021, Nigeria ]  To understand the most reliable sources of information related to COVID 19 in the communities, the above chart shows that 72% illustrates that Radio jingles and programs are the most reliable sources related to COVID 19 in their community, 10% mentioned TV news as the most reliable source related to COVID 19 virus, 5% shows that social media are the sources of information related to COVID 19 virus in the community, 4% said internet, 0.4 said newspapers.
[ 28th May 2021, North East ] The North East The decade long battle against Boko Haram terrorists and its splinter faction Islamic State of West African Province  ( ISWAP )  continued in 2020. Boko Haram's leader   Abubakar Shekau who had allegedly been killed at least 5 times by the Nigerian government kept resurfacing year after year. In 2020, he released several gruesome videos of his foot soldiers decapitating and killing victims.
[ 4th June 2021, Nigeria ] UNOCHA detailed that few ‘return intention' surveys of IDPs were conducted in 2020 but of those completed, whilst IDPs were in theory willing to return to their areas of origin, they were ‘very concerned about insecurity, lack of essential services, destroyed or deteriorated housing, and probable hardships in restarting livelihoods'.
[ 23rd July 2020, Borno State ] On 23 July 2020, BH killed five hostages including four aid workers who had been abducted at a roadblock between Monguno and Maiduguri a month earlier.
[ 4th June 2021, Adamawa state ] In 2020, ACLED reported a total of 49 security incidents  ( 16 battles, 28 cases of violence against civilians, 5 incidents of riots )  in Adamawa state, resulting in 87 deaths. The highest number of security incidents took place in Yola North LGA. Of the 28 incidents of violence against civilians, 20 were attacks, 7 abductions and 1 sexual violence.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Sanitation Facilities and Practices: Household Access to Latrine: Some 76% of the total respondents indicated they have latrines in their househod while 24% reported not having latrines.
[ 7th Jun 2021, North West, Nigeria ]  Conflict and OCG Activity Exacerbate Humanitarian Needs in Northwest: Intercommunal violence including clashes between agriculturalist and pastoralist communities and organized criminal group  ( OCG )  activity continue to endanger civilians, drive displacement, and exacerbate humanitarian needs across much of northwestern Nigeria's Katsina , Sokoto, and Zamfara states, relief actors report.
[ 27th July 2021,Nigeria ]  At the start of 2020, 935 schools in Northeast Nigeria were closed as a result of attacks and conflict. Indeed, schools are among the worst institutional casualties of complex disasters, as is evident from the COVID 19 pandemic, the Boko Haram insurgency, and several attacks on communities in Nigeria, which have all compounded the problems many girls face in consistently accessing schooling. This calls for improved responses for education during emergencies in Nigeria.
[ 16th 22 Aug 2021, Borno and Adamawa ]  ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation  ( 819 individuals or 32% ) , flood  ( 700 individuals or 28% ) , poor living conditions  ( 674 individuals or 27% ) , and improved security  ( 346 individuals or 14% ) .
[ 1st  31st Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Challenges: The availability of helicopters to field locations is currently very restricted due to space limitations, weather conditions and security concerns, which is impacting on ETS deployments. The security situation remains volatile.
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Prevalence of out of school children in the assessed area was estimated using the KI interviews8 . About 17% of KI reported that only half or less than half of the children in their community were enrolled in school. While only 23% of KI reported all the children in their community were enrolled in school.
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  2 )  12 FGDs participant mentioned that hunger was one of the main reasons children don't stay in school so a school feeding programme would help keep a lot of children in school 3 )  the third most common theme was FGD participants reported that even when school was free some parents cannot afford to buy uniforms, books etc so there children don't go to school 4 )  finally, some FGD participants mentioned free after schools lesson as a way of ensuring children stay in school.
[ 19th  25th july 2021, Yobe state ] Laboratory and Diagnostic Support: • Following up with the laboratory team to retrieve pending sample results • The total number of samples collected is eighteen thousand, seven hundred and sixty seven  ( 18,767 ) . Four hundred and ninety nine  ( 499 )  results are positive, sixteen thousand, six hundred and forty four  ( 16,644 )  are negative, forty two  ( 42 )  for a repeat test, and one thousand, five hundred and eighty two  ( 1,582 )  remaining sample results are pending.
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  When asked whether they have experienced any usual shortage in supply in the last 6 months, 30% of market vendors reported that they had and the main materials that were short in supply were stationery, notebooks and textbooks. Vendors highlighted some of the strategies they use to deal with shortages, which included; 1 )  waiting until supply channels reopen to restock 2 )  place orders to buy from different markets  ( Damaturu vendors mentioned Bauchi market as an alternative to Kano market )  3 )  increase the price of items so they can restock if the supply bottleneck is caused by price increase. Also, a vendor in Askira uba reported that when there is shortage in supply of any material, most small vendors would refer parents to bigger vendors that would have the items they need.
[ 16th Aug 20221, North East, Nigeria ]  The humanitarian crisis in north east Nigeria remained one of the most complex humanitarian crises in the world. Humanitarian partners faced several challenges to reach the targeted population fully. The main challenges remain insecurity or restriction of movement of humanitarian agencies and/or affected population.
[ 24th Aug 2021, North East Nigeria ]  The questions on modality were also asked to vendors and the a priori expectation was that vendors would overwhelmingly favour cash over voucher, however, it was interesting to see that although cash was the most preferred modality  ( 44% ) , a significant proportion of vendors  ( 37% )  still favoured voucher. The reasons for some vendors preferring vouchers is similar to that of Principal; they main reasons was because some parents will spend the money on other non education items. And since NGOs will be doing the distribution themselves, vendors believe the distribution process will be a lot fairer.
[ 18th April 2021, Yobe state ] On 18 April 2020 Boko Haram launched an attack on Buni Gari village  ( Gujba LGA )  and battled with Nigerian army and air forces, during which 105 Boko Haram fighters allegedly were killed. However, Jamestown analyst Jacob Zenn questioned the figure of 105 deaths, ‘as initial situation reports indicated a much fewer 10 “terrorists' were killed and photos of the battle scene revealed less than 10 slain ISWAP members and an amount of recovered weaponry consistent with use by around several dozen ISWAP members.
[ 28th May 2021, Nigeria ] However, within the same period (  March ) , at least three hundred and fifty three  ( 353 )  lives were lost to violent atrocities across the country. Our tracking revealed multiple attacks on security officers by insurgents. Least one hundred and sixty one  ( 161 )  security officers were killed in March. Especially terrifying was the horrendous attack by Boko Haram terrorists in Borno State that led to the deaths of at least seventy  ( 70 )  soldiers in a single incident.
[ 05   11 July 2021, Nigeria ] ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: conflict/attack  ( 4,565 individuals or 66% ) , voluntary relocation  ( 702 individuals or 10% ) , fear of attack  ( 600 individuals or 9% ) , poor living conditions  ( 493 individuals or 7% ) , improved security  ( 268 individuals or 4% ) , seasonal farming  ( 223 individuals or 3% )  and military operations  ( 56 individuals or 1% ) .
[ 05   11 July 2021, Nigeria ] Gombi: 1,056 arrivals and 109 departures were recorded in Gombi LGA of Adamawa State. The arrivals included 1,039 individuals from Hong LGA in Adamawa State and 17 individuals from Maiha LGA in Adamawa State. The departures included 64 individuals to Hong LGA in Adamawa State and 45 individuals to Song LGA in Adamawa State. Eighty nine per cent of the movements recorded were triggered by conflict/attack, 6 per cent of the movements were due to poor living conditions, 4 per cent were voluntary relocation and 2 per cent of the movements recorded were a result of the improved security situation in areas of origin.
[ 05   11 July 2021, Nigeria ] Bama: 278 arrivals were recorded in Bama LGA of Borno State. The arrivals included 157 individuals from Marwa region in Cameroon and 121 individuals from within Bama LGA in Borno State. Sixty two per cent of the movements recorded were voluntary relocation, 20 per cent of the movements were due to military operations and 18 per cent of the movements recorded were due to poor living conditions.
[ 23rd July 2021, Nigeria ] At the individual level, nutrition based interventions to improve child malnutrition should include: educating mothers and fathers about the need to breastfeed infants within the first hour of life. exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life. introduction of appropriate complementary food accompanying breast milk after six months of age. appropriate diet diversity administering iron and vitamin A supplements.
[ 24th  30th May 2021, Borno State ]  Vaccination: Commencement of second dose of COVID 19 vaccination in the state.
[ 7th  13th Jun 2021, Adamawa State ]  Surveillance: 1,132 out of 16,355 samples tested are positive. Giving a positivity rate of 6.9%. 11.5% of confirmed cases are known contacts of previously confirmed cases. 5.4% of confirmed cases are health workers.
[ 15th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  On food inflation, the report stated: “The composite food index rose by 22.28 percent in May 2021 compared to 22.72 percent in April 2021. “This rise in the food index was caused by increases in prices of bread, cereals, milk, cheese, eggs, fish, soft drinks, coffee, tea and cocoa, fruits, meat, oils and fats and vegetables. “On a MoM basis, the food sub index increased by 1.05 percent in May 2021, up by 0.06 percent from 0.99 percent recorded in April 2021.'
[ 24th June 2021, Nigeria ] ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE : Different domestic laws protect access of wounded and sick to medical care. The Nigerian Constitution of 1999, for instance, imposes an obligation on the government to direct its policies towards ensuring that “there are adequate medical and health facilities for all persons. There are also several laws that aim to ensure that the wounded and sick actually receive treatment. Importantly, the National Health Act 2014  ( NHA )  prohibits medical personnel from refusing to provide emergency health care.
[ 15th June 2021, Nigeria ] The Organised Private Sector of Nigeria, OPSN, Tuesday, in Lagos, raised the alarm that Nigeria's economy was grappling with the worst economic growth in the country's history. According to OPSN, “Today, it is obvious that the Nigerian economy is challenged on many fronts and unless crucial economic reforms and political will are demonstrated, the teething problems might cripple the economy.'
[ 23rd July 2021, Nigeria ] “However, those that started with the AstraZeneca vaccines will continue with it while those that will start with the Pfizer vaccines will stick to Pfizer,'' The commissioner also the Chairperson of Commissioners for Health in Nigeria. Edu warned residents of Cross River not to take things for granted by neglecting the COVID 19 protocol laid down by the state as it was for their safety. According to her, it is important for everyone to know that COVID 19 is not only real but we are battling a third wave which comes with a much more virulent variant, the Delta variant.
[ 2nd   8th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  Between 02 and 08 August 2021, a total of 2,291 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 1,742 arrivals and 549 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Gwoza, Hawul, Kala/Balge, Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Monguno, and Ngala Local Government Areas  ( LGAs )  of the most conflict affected state of Borno and in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Numan, Song, Yola North, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
[ 17th June 2021, Nigeria ] CBN Governor Godwin Emefiele last week met with chief executives of commercial banks and the lenders agreed to increase dollar supply and operate special accounts to meet the requirements of business and travelers, according to Osita Nwanisobi, spokesman for the central bank. The central bank aims to use lenders to make more foreign currency available to buyers, at around the official rate of between 410 naira to 412 naira to the dollar to reduce pressure on the streets where rates are crashing from excess demand.
[ 28th Jun  4th July 2021, Nigeria ]  People in places with low COVID 19 vaccination rates are among the most vulnerable populations and are likely to be infected. To reduce this risk in Nigeria, the National Presidential Steering Committee on COVID 19 has introduced travel restrictions from countries with a high number of cases and spread of variants of concern. This is one of several measures put in place. It is very important that all travellers to Nigeria adhere to the COVID19 travel protocol including seven day self isolation, and the COVID 19 repeat test on the seventh day after arrival. This is to limit the spread of the virus and identify cases very quickly.
[ 16th – 31st May 2021, Northeast Nigeria  ] HEALTH: All the camps has established health structures, COVID 19 sensitization, response pathway and access to mobile clinics where vaccination activities and essential medicine distribution services are provided by health partners. 27% of camps reported cases of malaria. 63% of camps has access to a functional primary health care provider on site or nearby.
[ 1st April 2021, Nigeria ] Food Security Sector is monitoring prices in multiple locations. In March 2021, prices of staple foods increased in many markets as compared to the same period last year. Food supplies in markets are reduced and food prices are higher across most monitored markets.
[ 28th May 2021, North East ] The increase in security agent' casualties in the region continued to hint at their poor equipping and welfare. The buzz around their welfare was intensified after a viral video in which a Major General of the Nigerian army hinted at their poor equipping compared to the insurgents.
[ 24th  30th May 2021, Borno State ]  Risk communication/Social mobilization: Jingles on second dose of COVID 19 vaccination and de stigmatization is ongoing in Kanuri, Hausa, Shuwa Arab, and Mbura on BRTV, DANDAL KURA and PEACE FM radio station supported by UNICEF, IRC, Translators Without Borders and UK Aids.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Household Children 6 23 Months Breastfed Once a Day : Only 32 % of the respondents say children 6 23 months are breastfed atleast once a day while the majority 68% of the respondent say the children under this age category are not breastfed at least once a day.
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Security Concerns: 61% of the households interviewed noted that they did not have any security concerns in their current place of displacement. This is probably because most of them are in Damaturu, Gashua, Nguru, Karasuwa, Jakusko, machina where security is realtive stanbel. 22% said they had security concerns. These are propobaly the households displaced in Yunusari, Bursari, Tarmua and rural parts of Yunusari and Geidam LGAs where security was unpredictable at the time of the assessment.
[ 21st Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Nigerian stocks dipped 0.27 per cent on Monday following profit taking efforts by investors, which set in motion a N54 billion loss. The industrial index retreated by 1.15 per cent to 1,924.04 basis points, the biggest slide of the five sector indexes tracked by the bourse. Nevertheless, a positive market breadth was reported as there were 18 advancers against 17 laggards. The all share index fell 103.61 basis points to close at 38,545.3, while market capitalisation closed lower at N20.089 trillion. Year to date, the index is down by 4.28 per cent.
[ 24th   30th May 2021, Adamawa State ]  Surveillance: 1,131 out of 15,573 samples tested are positive. Giving a positivity rate of 7.3% 11.5% of confirmed cases are known contacts of previously confirmed cases 5.4% of confirmed cases are health workers
[ 24th   30th May 2021, Adamawa State ]  Vaccination: Second dose of COVID 19 vaccination commenced on 24th May, 2021 So far, 2,098 people have received their second dose of the COVID 19 vaccine. This number of made up of 757 health workers, 877 frontline workers and 464 others
[ 22nd Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Troops of Operation Hadin Kai killed 26 insurgents in the North east as the Chief of Army Staff, Maj. Gen. Faruk Yahaya, yesterday ordered troops on the frontline to sustain the momentum of attacks on insurgents.
[ 15th Jun 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Suspected Measles: Four Hundred and Eighty eight  ( 488 )  suspected measles cases were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 152 were from Gwange 3 PHC  ( MSF F )  in MMC, 80 were from Zabarmari PHC in Jere, 74 were from PUI Mobile Clinics in MMC, 30 were from PUI Baga Road PHCC in MMC, 28 were from Dalaram PHC in Jere, 9 cases each from Garba Buzu MDM Clinic in MMC, Hausari IDP Camp Clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa and Njingowa Health Clinic in Magumeri, 6 cases each from Dala Clinic in Jere, Gajignna MPHC in Magumeri, Madamari MCH Clinic in Magumeri, State Specialist Hospital in MMC and Zajeri PHC in MMC, 5 cases each from 777 Housing Estate Health Clinic in Konduga, Fori PHC in Jere, Gwoza Camp Clinic in MMC, Nana Kashim Premier PHC in MMC and Umaru Shehu Hospital in Jere, 4 cases each from Magumeri MCH Clinic and Shuwari Host Community Clinic in Damboa. Forty two  ( 42 )  additional suspected measles cases were reported through IDSR* from Biu  ( 3 ) , Gubio  ( 3 ) , Hawul  ( 2 ) , Jere  ( 26 ) , Kaga  ( 3 ) , Monguno  ( 4 )  and Nganzai  ( 1 )  LGAs making a total of 530 suspected measles cases. Seven  ( 7 )  associated deaths reported within the week. Gwange 3 PHC  ( MSF F )  in MMC  ( 6 )  and Gajiganna MPHC in Magumeri  ( 1 ) .
[ 2nd Sept 2021, Nigeria ]  Geneva, 2 September 2021 – The first shipments of Canada's pledge of over 40 million doses to COVAX are arriving today, with Nigeria  ( 801,600 doses ) , Kenya  ( 459,300 )  and Niger  ( 100,800 )  the first to receive deliveries of Canadian donated doses
[ 11th June 2021, Yobe state ] Children Released and Reintegrated in the Community Experiencing Stigma: Of the 73% or more households reported cases of Children Associated with Armed Forces who have been released and reintegrated in the Community, 70% of them say the children are experiencing difficulties and stigma. While 20% are not experiencing difficulties and stigma and 10% of the respondents say they are not aware if the children are experiencing difficulties and stigma or not.
[ 27th June 2021, Nigeria ] These patterns of rising armed group attacks and kidnappings have contributed to a growing sense of insecurity and fear, which community members generally described as worsening since the beginning of the pandemic  ( Figure 4 ) .There was a 69% increase in the number of violent events nationwide  ( including attacks, abductions and forced disappearance, sexual violence, explosions and remote violence, and mob violence )  in 2020 compared to 2019  ( ACLED 2021 ) . Cases of kidnapping more than doubled in 2020, with more than half of recorded cases taking place in northern and central Nigeria  ( Ayandele and Goos 2021 ) .
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] Main source of Income: One of the major sources of income for the population of Monguno town was casual labors i.e. 26.3%  ( 22.5%   30.5% )  whereas skilled labour and remittance being second and third most source with 12.5%  ( 9.8%   15.9% )  and 11.5%  ( 8.8%   14.8% )   ( Fig 8 ) .
[ 31st July 2020,North east  Nigeria ] This round of assessments recorded 1,199,683 or 57 per cent of all IDPs living with host communities. Fifty four per cent were living in a host family's house  ( down from 86% ) . This is followed by rented houses  ( 32% ) , and individual houses in 9 per cent  ( no change from last round of assessment ) .
[ 2nd July 2021, North East Nigeria ]  Violence and other child abuse ▪ There are still growing concerns on violence against children as revealed by community leaders on sexual assault, emotional violence, physical violence, verbal harassment and rape which is not popular among women to voice out. Observation shows that this violence occurs at home, when visiting family/friends, in the neighbourhood, on the way from fetching firewood and outside camp  ( IDPs camp residents ) .
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] Recommendations: The health care workers from PHCs should be trained since the unavailability of paediatricians at the LGA level. In addition, the nurses and other health staff need to be trained in identifying the cases during the routine check up of children in the non CMAM clinic setup. The participants shall be trained on the referral system and to avoid common mistakes of treatment of SAM children that would risk the life of the child such as using Intravenous saline among SAM children without any needs.
[ 1st June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Sexual and reproductive health  ( SRH )  services   PUI conducted 4,051 ANC consultations, 855 PNC consultations as well as 443 Family planning consultations while 541 deliveries were conducted by skilled birth attendants within the month of June, an increase of about 25% over the previous month. PUI also supported routine immunization in all her supported health facilities. Within the month of June, a total of 7,436 doses of various antigens were administered to children and pregnant women in PUI supported health facilities.
[ 31st July 2020,North east  Nigeria ] In contrast to camps and camp like settings, hand pumps were the main source of water in 55 per cent  ( up from 53% )  of sites where IDPs are residing with host communities. In 26 per cent of sites  ( no change since last round of assessment ) , piped water was the main source of drinking water, followed by protected wells  ( 7%   down from 8% )  and unprotected wells  ( 5%   down from 7% ) . Other common water sources included water trucks  ( 5% )  and surface water  ( 1% ) .
[ 12th  18th July 2021, Yobe state ] The total number of contacts who completed 14 days of monitoring without symptoms is two thousand, one hundred and twenty six  ( 2,126 )  . The total number of samples collected is eighteen thousand, seven hundred and sixty seven  ( 18,767 ) . Four hundred and ninety nine  ( 499 )  results are positive, sixteen thousand, six hundred and forty four  ( 16,644 )  are negative, forty two  ( 42 )  for a repeat test, and one thousand, five hundred and eighty two  ( 1,582 )  remaining sample results are pending.
[ 12th  18th July 2021, Yobe state ] Surveillance and Epidemiology: All 17 LGAs have recorded at least a confirmed COVID 19 case  ( s )  .The case fatality rate amongst confirmed cases is 1.8% . The positivity rate for week 28 is 0%. This represents the same positivity rate compared to the previous week  ( 0% positivity rate in week 27 ) . The case to contact ratio is 1:4 . The percentage of contacts that were confirmed positive is 3.6%.
[ 11th July 2021, Nigeria ]  The use of Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits  ( RDTs )  was rolled out in five tertiary health institution and all NYSC CAMPS across the country to ensure massive testing and prevent mass infection.
[ 12th  18th July 2021, Yobe state ] Risk Communication and Social Mobilization: Yobe SHCMB, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams, Community Health Champions and AVADAR Informants, UNICEF, and CGPP VCMs, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 9,216 people with COVID 19 prevention messages.
[ 6th Sept 2021, Borno State ]  Out of the 38 samples collected and tested in the state using rapid diagnostic test for cholera, 23  ( 60.5% )  were positive, while 14  ( 60.8% )  of which were culture positive.
[ 26th July 2021, Nigeria ]  As of November 2020, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix  ( DTM )  identified 2,144,135 IDPs or 441,361 households which is a significant increase compared to December 2019 when 2,039,092 IDPs were recorded. More than 90 per cent of IDPs have been displaced due to the resurgent violence and 39 per cent have been displaced more than once
[ 14th July 2021, Nigeria ] While the Jollof Index is released on a quarterly basis, it is important to zoom out periodically and take a more long term look at the trend. SBM began to publish the index in July 2016, and has now done so for five years in the period ended in June 2021. In that period, the average price of cooking Jollof across the country has gone up by nearly 100%. For emphasis, a 100% increase in a staple food price in such a short period is what a food crisis looks like, and Nigeria has been squarely at the centre of a crisis in the last five years.
[ 26th July 2021, Nigeria ]  When COVID 19 started, the hubs immediately coordinated with the Health Sector and with the WHO Surveillance Team and requested them to inspect the Red Roof facilities and sought their guidance on how to ensure that the facilities are able to address the risks brought about by the virus. Non clinic measures were put in place, such as the use of a SelfDeclaration Form, frequent washing/sanitizing of hands, reading of body temperature, observance of physical distance, etc. to mitigate the spread of the virus in the hubs. IOM also purchased infrared thermometers and increased the volume of hygiene supplies.
[ 16   30 June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] EARLY RECOVERY AND LIVELIHOOD  ( ERL ) : 27% of managed camps in LGAs affected by the dislacements have access to cash for work activities within the onsite and nearby locations. 58% of the managed camps do not have access to a form of vocational training within the site or nearby. IDPs in all the camps have access to market on site or nearby.
[ 18th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Nigeria posted more COVID 19 cases on Sunday, with Lagos state leading the table in infections. The Nigerian Centre for Disease Control,  ( NCDC ) , reported 203 additional COVID 19 cases and one COVID 19 related death on Sunday, as the deadly virus continued to rage in Africa in its third wave. The NCDC disclosed this on its official website on Sunday. The agency stated that the 203 additional cases represent an increase in infections from the 123 cases reported from seven states and the FCT on Saturday with no death.
[ 19th July 2021, Adamawa State  ] Adamawa State has some of the highest cases of sexual violence in the country, with 25 rape cases recorded between January and June this year according to police reports. Despite the prevalence of GBV cases, women led CBOs working on protection and women's empowerment issues are facing challenges, particularly with funding, as expressed during a meeting with OCHA during the week.
[ 19th July 2021, Adamawa State  ] A total of 1,302 under 5 children were screened for malnutrition this week by IRC with 125 cases of severe acute malnutrition  ( SAM )  identified and admitted to out patient treatment programmes  ( OTPs )  in Michika and Askira Uba LGAs. Forty eight SAM cases were also discharged after full recovery. Some 958 children are currently being treated for SAM across the OTPs
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] Recommendations: Due to ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, sector has stressed on using Family MUAC method where families are given MUAC tapes to measure their children. Though this is an innovative strategy, the impact of it is unknown. Therefore, the data needs to collect to assess the accuracy of the measurement conducted by families and referral impact of the same. The Child level excel based database has been created by SMART survey PM, however, the utilization of the same is not optimal. Therefore, database management needs to be strengthened as it will help to understand the program outcomes better.
[  12th July–18th July 2021, Nigeria ] As at July 22,2021, a total of 22,130 suspected cases including 526 deaths  ( CFR 2.4% )  have been reported from 18 states and FCT  ( Benue, Delta, Zamfara, Gombe, Bayelsa, Kogi, Sokoto, Bauchi, Kano, Kaduna, Plateau, Kebbi, Cross River, Niger, Nasarawa, Jigawa, Yobe, Kwara and FCT ) since the beginning of 2021 . Of the reported cases since the beginning of the year, 28% are aged 5 14years . Of all suspected cases, 51% are males and 49% are females.
[ 13th July 2021, Nigeria  ]  The vaccines would arrive in batches from the African Union Commission, he said. He further stated that the NPHCDA was putting all necessary logistics for storage, distribution, security, and accountability for the range of vaccines the country was expecting. He further said the Federal Government of Nigeria had procured 60 units of U701 ultra cold chain equipment, and about 37 of them had been deployed to all the 36 states and FCT in preparation for all COVID 19 vaccines that would require an ultra cold temperature of below 40 to 85 degrees.
[  01  15 July 2021,Northeast Nigeria ] SHELTER: 42% of the IDPs are living in emergency shelter, 38.2% in makeshift shelter, 8.2% in collective/communal shelter, 7.9% in transitional shelter and 5.7% in public facilities. 2,786HH are sharing shelter in Maiduguri  ( 1,054HH ) , Gwoza  ( 740HH ) , Jere  ( 345HH ) , Magumeri  ( 206HH ) , Kala Balge  ( 70HH ) , Damboa  ( 65HH ) , Konduga  ( 47HH ) , Bama  ( 29HH )  and Yola South LGA.
[ 26th July 2021, Ondo State, Nigeria ]  The WHO State Coordinator, Dr. Akinola Fatiregun, at a stakeholder's meeting said, ‘Prior to the intervention, only two sample collection sites were functional. Currently, there are 103 active sample collection sites located across the health facilities, public and private, in the three LGAs being supported. The support by WHO has fostered integration, has strengthened the Covid 19 response at the ward level, and upon completion may be a template that is replicable in other areas and for other outbreaks. WHO continues to provide data support for weekly EOC meetings at the state level and in the three hotspot LGAs
[ 3rd Aug 2021, Yobe State ] There are growing concerns of further spread across 10 high risk LGAs as more flooding incidents  ( which contaminate water sources )  are expected as the rainy season approaches its peak. Despite the increasing risks, the SMoH reported shortages of rapid diagnostic test  ( RTD )  kits and cholera treatment drugs as of 29 July, which could further aggravate the situation as patients are resorting to self medication and local pharmacies.
[ 3rd Aug 2021, Yobe State ]  Health: Between 27 and 29 July, IRC supported the SMoH to conduct refresher training for 20 staff from the State Rapid Response Team  ( SRRT )  to effectively coordinate AWD/cholera response activities in Gulani and Damaturu LGAs. It also prepositioned some cholera treatment drugs to cover 100 cases.
[ 30th Jul, 2021, Nigeria ]  Figure 12 shows the projected annual Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index  ( SPEI )  the end of the century. SPEI is an index which represents the measure of the given water deficit in a specific location  ( −2 indicates severe drought ) ; accounting for contributions of temperature dependent evapotranspiration. As seen in the figure, Nigeria's aggregate national SPEI by end of the century is −0.7, however the northern and northeastern areas of the country  ( already very arid )  will experience greater degrees of drought. This is an important understanding for the water sector  ( as well as energy )  as it provides insight into increasing or decreasing pressure on water resources.
[ 30th Jul, 2021, Nigeria ]  In Nigeria, the high levels of poverty and low degree of development and dependence on rainfed agriculture limits the capacity of poor households and communities to manage climate risk, increasing their vulnerability to climate related shocks.10
[ 1st June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Public Health Risks and Gaps : High risk of COVID 19 spread due to various factors including population living in congested IDP camps, weak surveillance due to insecurity issues, porous international borders, poor compliance in the use of facemask, social distancing, and good hygiene practices by the general public. High risk of epidemic outbreaks especially cholera, meningitis, measles, yellow fever. The northeast region is highly endemic for malaria and cholera.
Most of IDPs in north east Nigeria  ( 59% )  were living among host communities during the Round 37 assessments, with the remainder  ( 41% )  residing in camps and camp like settings  ( Figure 10 ) .
[ 1st June 2021, Northeast Nigeria ] Data for the month of June shows that a total of 25,428 houses out of 25,442 were sprayed in all the 12 camps where IRS is completed and in 2 camps where IRS is ongoing. A total of 158,680 Population was covered that composed of 74,055 males and 84,625 females. The excellent acceptance and coverage rates each of 99.9% achieved.
[ 23rd July 2021, Nigeria ]  “The threats of poverty, malnutrition, displacement and separation from siblings or other family members, school dropout, depression, violence and child marriage can emerge suddenly from the Pandora's box of COVID 19,' they said. Nigeria had as of July 20, 2021, recorded about 2,128 COVID 19 deaths, suggesting that for every one death in the country, an average of two children become orphans.
[ 30th Jul, 2021, Nigeria ]  The northern areas of the country face chronic aridity and riverine flooding along the Sokoto River in the northwest and the Komadugu River system in the northeast,36 as well as transboundary flooding along Niger and Benue rivers.
[ 30th Jul, 2021, Nigeria ]  Some of the highest overall exposure is concentrated in the coastal states, including the coastal areas of Lagos, Delta and Rivers states, where large population concentrations live in the cities of Lagos, Warri and Port Harcourt, where poorer households and slum areas are at risk from flooding and storm surges.41 An estimated 27 to 53 million people may need to be relocated due to a 0.5 meter increase in sea level, which is projected for Nigeria by end of the century.
[ 30th Jul, 2021, Nigeria ]  Heavy rainfall can also trigger riverine and flash floods; these are common in the country's hill areas and can also trigger landslides and mudslides and consequently gully erosion in sedimentary terrains. Additionally, water stress during dry periods is likely to be further exacerbated with competing demands from household, industrial consumption and agriculture. Increased heat will further strain existing water resources and impacts from changing rainfall patterns.47
[ 26th Jul   1st Aug 2021, Yobe State ]  Risk Communication and Social Mobilization: • Yobe SPHCMB, in collaboration with WHO HTR teams, Community Health Champions and AVADAR Informants, UNICEF, and CGPP VCMs, conducted mass community sensitization, reaching 6,209 people with COVID 19 prevention messages • Conducted mass sensitization on COVID 19 prevention through phone in program at Yobe State Broadcasting cooperation  ( YBC ) .
[ 23rd July 2021, Nigeria ]  In a related development, the multilateral institution has estimated that 4,000 Nigerian children were made orphans by the COVID 19 between March 2020 and July 2021. The report by the bank's experts at the Imperial College of London, revealed that over 4,100 Nigerian children lost one or both primary caregivers within the aforementioned period, while 4,300 lost one or both primary and secondary caregivers.
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  In Borno, oral contraceptive pills  ( OCPs )  were available in 96% of HFs, while male condoms were available in 92%, and injectable contraceptives in 92% of HFs. In Yobe, 91% of HFs had oral contraceptive pills while 86% had male condoms, and 86% had injectable contraceptives. In Borno State, ready to use food  ( RUF )  supplements for SAM were available in 88% of HFs while therapeutic milk for SAM was observed in only 54% of HFs1
[ 10th Aug 2021, Nigeria ]  A handful of PHFs in Borno  ( BAKASI IDP CAMP; MALA KACHALLA HEALTH CENTER; and GALDIMARI FSP PHC )  and Yobe  ( GUJBA PHCC; GULANI PHC; FIKA PHC; and GODOWOLI PHC )  which provide SAM management services did not monitor any of six key indicators 3 of SAM management services assessed.
[ 27th July 2021, Nigeria ] Analysts expect it to keep borrowing costs on hold at 11.5% for a fifth consecutive meeting as it tries to boost growth that is still struggling after last year's dual hit of the COVID 19 pandemic and plunging oil prices. Policymakers in Africa's largest economy and most populous nation must consider a range of facts as they balance political priorities including defending the naira and capping gasoline prices.
[ 25th July 2021, Nigeria ]  Over 10,000 inbound travellers from overseas have shunned the compulsory COVID 19 testing and isolation after arriving in Nigeria, Sunday PUNCH can report. This came as the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control data showed that the number of confirmed cases had risen to 170,623 and 2,131 deaths as of Saturday, July 24, 2021.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Due to school closure across the LGAs as part of measures to reduce the spread of COVID 19 pandemic, children were without access to education during the lockdown. Findings from the FGDs show that children were not provided with any learning support during school closure. Additionally, school aged children who were out of school resulted to doing nothing in their homes, supporting parents to earn income; boys assisting their fathers in agricultural activities or in casual labour while girls supported their mothers with household chores. The closure of schools brought distress to parents and children;
[ 13th July 2021, Nigeria ]  The prevalence of acute malnutrition is expected to remain elevated across northern areas of the country due to limited food consumption, higher rates of measles and malaria, especially in the Northeast. The February Acute Malnutrition IPC Analysis covering through August 2021 projected a deterioration in the rate of acute malnutrition for most LGAs in Borno and Yobe States through August, corresponding to the lean season. A decline in the prevalence of acute malnutrition is expected to start the main season harvest in September/October 2021 through January 2021 across most parts of the country.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] Household Hunger Scale  ( HHS ) : The following thresholds of HHS are used to categorize households into three hunger groups  0 – 1 score: None or light hunger  2 3 scores: Moderate hunger  4 6 scores: Severe hunger Based on the HHS table, Biu, Konduga and Monguno have an average HHS of 3, while Damboa LGA has a HHS of 3.04, Dikwa LGA has a HHS of 3.09 and Hawul LGA has a HHS of 3.15. All the household hunger scores indicate Moderate hunger levels, likely due to inadequate food access.  ( See table in appendix ) .
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Solid waste management is another major health concern in the communities. Household wastes were not segregated nor disposed properly except in IDP camps. The widespread use of single use plastics and lack of receptacles resulted to increasing garbage disposal problems. With limited to no garbage collection services, households burn their garbage including plastics. Households reported that most of the disposed waste  ( in the last 30 days )  had either been disposed in a dedicated area or in an open area but had not been collected. Households resulted to burying and burning waste at home as a method of waste disposal.
[ 31st December 2020, Borno state ] In the FGDs conducted amongst communities in Monguno LGA, respondents expressed their awareness of available services to report cases of GBV; “GBV services are available and accessible. Local CSO, GISCO and IOM provide support on GBV. IRC also provides them with referral pathway and ALIMA'  FGD  ( IDP MEN, NGURNO CAMP )  MONGUNO LGA.
[ 26th July – 1st August 2021, Nigeria ] Challenges: • Difficulty in accessing some communities due to security concerns • Open defecation in affected communities • Lack of potable drinking water in some rural areas and urban slums • Inadequate vaccines to cover all LGAs, wards and settlements with cholera outbreaks • Inadequate health facility infrastructure and cholera commodities for management of patients
[ 1st Jan   30th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Child Protection: 146,789  ( 69,094 girls, 66,986 boys, 6,012 women, 4,697 men )  accessed community based psychosocial support services. • 75,811  ( 31,632 girls, 28,563 boys, 9,953 women and 5,663 men )  were able to access safe channels to report sexual exploitation and abuse
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ]  Prevalence of Chronic Malnutrition: The presented in table 13 shows that prevalence of stunting 42.5 % (  35.5 – 49.7, 95% C.I. )  and 20.7%  ( 15.4%   27.3%; 95% CI )  children were severely stunted. Also, the prevalence was observed higher among the boys  ( 50.8% )  as compared to the girls  ( 34.6% )  however this difference was statistically significant  ( p value= 0.009 ) .
[ 10th November 2020, MONGUNO LGA, BORNO STATE ] Among the mothers of surveyed children, the prevalence of severe underweight was 4.2% whereas about 8.9% mothers were overweight. About 23.2% women were moderately underweight whereas more than half were normal. Among women between 18 to 49 years of age, the prevalence of severe underweight is about 5.9% whereas overall 26.5% women were moderately underweight in this survey. About 19.1% women were overweight.
[ 17th   23rd July 2021, Borno State ]  There are two functioning health facilities in Dikwa, the General Hospital and the clinic, both are operated by the government. However, the facilities and medication do not suffice to meet the needs of the IDPs and host community.
Acute respiratory infection: In Epi week 31, 8,374 cases of acute respiratory infection were reported through EWARS. Of the reported cases, 364 were from Hausari IDP Camp Clinic  ( MDM )  in Damboa, 352 were from FHI360 Clinic Banki, 317 were from General Hospital Ngala  ( FHI360 ) , 274 were from ICRC GGSS IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno, 257 were from AAH Water Board IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno, 236 were from PUI Waterboard Extension IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno, 228 were from ACF NRC IDP Camp Clinic in Monguno and 214 were from Damboa MCH. Two  ( 2 )  associated deaths were reported from Gwange 3 PHC  ( MSF F )  in MMC.
[ 26th July 2021, Nigeria ]  In response to COVID 19 outbreak, IOM developed the design and site plans for self quarantine shelters  ( SQS ) . These are facilities that will allow people who are coming from outside the State or LGA, and/or those who may have been exposed to COVID 19 to self quarantine for 14 days, while their health conditions are being monitored. In 2020, IOM constructed 180 selfquarantine shelters in Borno and Adamawa. Additionally, COVID 19 mitigation kits were prepared and prepositioned within these facilities to provide necessary items for users. Also, 500 COVID 19 mitigation kits were prepositioned in other critical locations.
[ 5th  11th Jul,2021, Nigeria ]   There were 2559 suspected cases of cholera reported from 59 LGAs in nine states  ( Adamawa – 1, Bauchi – 1699, Bayelsa – 4, Ebonyi – 5, Kano – 563, Kebbi – 158, Kogi – 12, Plateau – 114 & Taraba – 3 ) . Five cases were laboratory confirmed and 30 deaths were recorded
[ 5th  11th Jul,2021, Nigeria ]  National COVID 19 multi partner Emergency Operations Centre  ( EOC )  continues to coordinate response activities across states ● Ongoing review of IPC guidelines on suspected and confirmed cases of COVID 19 ● Ongoing online IPC classes for IPC intermediate diploma course for IPC professionals ● Ongoing sequencing of positive samples among travellers to Nigeria, at the National Reference Laboratory  ( NRL ) , Gaduwa
[ 31st July 2020,North east  Nigeria ] A high of 57 per cent  ( or 1,199,683 )  IDPs were residing with host community while the remaining 43 per cent  ( 888,441 )  were living in 293 camps and camp like settlements, with majority  ( 229 sites or 834,431 IDPs )  in the worst affected State of Borno. A high of 85 per cent  ( down from 86% )  of sites were informal while the remaining 15 per cent were formal. Collective settlements continued to be the most common type of sites with 59 per cent  ( no change from last two rounds of assessments ) , followed by camps at 40 per cent. The land ownership in camps and camp like settings were classified as private  ( 55%   down from 57% )  and 45 per cent were categorized as government or public buildings.
[ 16th July 2021, Nigeria ]  This suggests severe food deficit in the inaccessible areas, particularly during the lean season period. In general, access to land for farming was relatively high in most areas  ( 73 percent ) , albeit, with relatively lower rates reported in completely inaccessible LGAs, notably Marte  ( 59 percent ) , Kukawa  ( 58 percent )  and Guzamala  ( 50 percent ) . However, across most of the areas, the amount of land cultivated remains minimal with most households  ( 85 percent )  reporting 0.5 to 1 hectares of land being available for cultivation. Despite these challenges highlighted, farming continues to remain the mainstay for food availability in households with arable land access as 87 percent of such households were engaged in farming during the month that preceded their departure from places of origin.
[  21st   27th Jun 2021, Nigeria ]  Cumulatively, since the outbreak began in Week 9, 2020 there have been 167,467 cases and 2,119 deaths reported with a case fatality rate  ( CFR )  of 1.3%  ( Tables 1 & 4 ) . • In Week 25, the number of in bound international travellers at the airport was 17,041 compared to 16,344 in week 24. • In Week 25, the number of in bound international travellers' test was 2,872 of which 23 were positive compared to 17 from week 24. • In Week 25, the number of out bound international travellers' test was 3,629 of which 19 were positive compared to 15 from week 24. • Globally, the count for confirmed COVID 19 cases is 179,686,071 with 3,899,172 deaths resulting in a case fatality rate of 2.2%.
[ 1st July 2021, Nigeria ] Maternal perinatal database for quality, equity and dignity : The MPD4QED project is an electronic database established in September 2019 with support from WHO HQ and working with the Federal Ministry of Health  ( FMoH )  to capture data on events around childbirth and early neonatal period from 54 tertiary health facilities. In 2020, the project successfully enrolled 83,326 admissions made up of 67,609 obstetric, 4,442 gynaecology and 11,275 out born babies, bringing the total enrolment in the database from inception  ( 01 September 2019 )  to 31 December 2020 to 117,278  ( 95,410 obstetrics, 6,280 gynaecology and 15,588 out born babies ) . 33 cases of COVID 19 positive pregnant women were reported and performance rate of maternal and perinatal death audits averaged at 90%.
[ 18th July 2021, Nigeria ] Nigeria recorded one death and 203 new cases of coronavirus infections on Sunday, authorities have said. According to the data released on its Facebook page on Sunday night by the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control  ( NCDC ) , this is the first time the country is recording more than 200 cases since May 31 when the same number was reported. The new figure has indicated a sharp increase from the 123 recorded a day earlier, and has taken Nigeria's total infections to 169,532. Also, the death recorded on Sunday has raised the country's total fatality to 2,127.